Patent GB-467173-A (GB)
Title: Improved treatment of materials for varying their affinity
IPC: D06P3/04
Filed: 1935-12-09
Abstract: The affinity, especially toward dyestuffs, of natural or artificial shaped materials, e.g. fibres, made of or containing protein substances or non-protein substances containing basic nitrogen is varied by treatment with an alkylating (including aralkylating) agent comprising a reactive ester of an inorganic or inorganic-organic acid or a reactive substitution product thereof, while retaining the structure of the material.  The affinity toward acid dyestuffs and components is increased and that toward basic dyestuffs is decreased. Specified alkylating (or aralkylating) agents are ethyl bromide and iodide, n-butyl iodide, ethylene chlorhydrin, benzyl chloride, p-nitrobenzyl chloride, methyl or ethyl chloracetate, chloracetone, sodium 4-chloromethylbenzenesulphonate and its 3-nitro derivative, toluenesulphonic acid methyl ester, salts of chlorinated technical xylene - monosulphonic acid and salts of alkyl esters of carboxyarylsulphonic acids.  The action of the halogen-containing agents may be facilitated by the addition of a small amount of an iodide, e.g. potassium iodide, tetramethylammonium iodide, or trimethyldodecylammonium iodide.  Advantageously, there may be present (a) acid-binding agents, e.g. elutriated chalk, potassium acetate, borax, sodium phosphate or silicate or amines which are not readily alkylated, (b) fibre-protecting agents, e.g. sulphite cellulose waste liquor, amino-acids or magnesium salts, or (c) swelling agents, e.g. formamide, resorcinol or methanol.  A particularly strong effect is obtained by treatment with a reactive ester of an inorganic acid in conjunction with an alkylene oxide, alkylene sulphide or alkylene imine (cf. Specification 463,043).  The alkylating agents may be applied as such or liberated in the presence of the goods, e.g. by thermal decomposition of salts of iminoethers or of unstable addition products of alkyl halides with tertiary amines or phosphines or dialkyl sulphides.  The goods may be dyed before or after the treatment or the latter may be combined with a dyeing or printing operation.  The fibre may also be treated before the alkylation with mordants or tanning, loading or pest-proofing agents.  The following examples are specified: (1) wool is treated for 14 hours with moist air at 80 DEG  C. containing ethyl bromide the treatment improves the adsorption from a neutral bath at 75--80 DEG  C. of Alizarine direct blue A or Orange II and the fastness to water of the dyeings is improved; (2) wool is similarly treated for 16 hours with moist air at 70 DEG  C. containing ethyl chloracetate; the treatment enables the use of a lower temperature in dyeing; (3) wool is impregnated for 20 minutes with a solution at 30 DEG  C. of sodium 4-chloromethylbenzenesulphonate containing potassium iodide, centrifuged and heated for 16 hours at 70 DEG  C.; the treatment increases the rapidity of fixation of acid dyes, e.g. Alizarine direct blue A; (4) wool is treated for 16 hours with moist air at 80 DEG  C. containing benzyl chloride; the treatment enables Alizarine direct blue A to be strongly adsorbed at 60 DEG  C.; (5) wool, dyed with Orange II, or Azofuchsine G, is treated for 16 hours with moist air containing ethyl iodide to improve the fastness of the dyeing to washing; (6) wool is impregnated for 20 minutes with a solution at 30 DEG  C. of tetra-(y-chloro-b -oxy) propylammonium chloride, (cf. Specification 454,32), centrifuged heated for 16 hours at 80 DEG  C. and washed; the treatment enables stronger dyeing with Alizarine direct blue A; (7) fibroin artificial silk is treated for 16 hours with moist air containing ethyl iodide; the treatment enables darker shades to be obtained with Orange II; (8) acetate artificial silk, in which has been incorporated, by the process described in Specification 455,602, a product obtained by treating partially saponified polyvinyl acetate successively with epichlorhydrin and dimethylamine, is dyed with Alizarine direct blue A and treated for 14 hours in moist air containing ethyl iodide; the treatment improves the fastness of the dyeing to washing; (9) zephyr yarn, dyed with Amidonaphthol red BB, is treated for 12 hours in moist air at 50 DEG C. containing propylene oxide and ethyl iodide; the treatment improves the fastness of the dyeing to washing with soap; (10) zephyr yarn is immersed for 1 hour at 65 DEG  C. and 1 hour at 75 DEG  C. in an aqueous dispersion, with the aid of oleyl polyglycol, of elutriated chalk and toluene sulphonic acid methyl ester, rinsed and soaped; the treatment enables stronger dyeing with acid dyes.  4 - Chloromethyl - 3 - nitrobenzenesulphonic acid is obtained by sulphonation of 2-nitrobenzyl chloride.