Patent GB-467816-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the preparation of resinous condensation products
IPC: C08G8/28
Filed: 1935-11-06
Abstract: Resinous condensation products are prepared by condensing substituted phenols and aldehydes, the substituted phenols being prepared by reacting terpenes, terpene-like substances, non-resinous acyclic compounds readily convertible into terpenes or terpene-like substances such as the olefinic terpenes or terpenogenes or such compounds as may be formed from high molecular weight terpenes such as copals by a simple treatment such as heating, all being of a non-resinous nature, with a phenol (the use of metal halides as catalysts being excluded), the products being compounds of an alicyclic nature which have as substituents one or more aromatic nuclei having a total of at least two phenolic hydroxyl groups and a total of more than two particularly reactive positions in the molecule unoccupied and the condensation with an aldehyde, preferably formaldehyde in excess, being effected at a low temperature in the presence of strong alkalies during a prolonged period of time and if desired in the presence of a solvent, whereafter the reaction products obtained are converted into soluble products of high molecular weight by heating before or after neutralization of the alkali.  Suitable terpene or terpene-like starting materials include cadinene, cedrene, geraniol, linalool, citral, isoprene, copal oils, resin oils, American oil of turpentine, dipentene, pinene, camphor, oil of camphor, conifer oils, pine oils, tall oil.  Suitable phenols include phenol, cresol, xylenols, naphthols, oxyanthracenes and polyoxybenzenes.  The condensation of the phenol and terpene may be effected in the presence of sulphuric acid-glacial acetic acid, hydrochloric acid - glacial acetic acid, or hydrochloric acid. The resinous condensation products which may be soluble in fatty oils can be readily reacted with fatty oils if they are prepared in the presence of phenols in which only two of the reaction-favourable positions are unoccupied and which carry at least one substituent of aliphatic, hydroaromatic or aliphatic-aromatic nature having at least three saturated carbon atoms or if preformed aldehyde condensates of both types of phenols are blended by heating.  The resins may also be blended with other neutral resins such as ester gums or coumarone resin, with castor oil or with esters.  Products may be used in the manufacture of lacquers and varnishes.  In an example, phenol and dipentene are condensed in the presence of sulphuric and glacial acetic acid and the purified product is condensed with aqueous formaldehyde in the presence of caustic soda and, if desired, benzene and the product precipitated by means of acid.  The product may be blended with castor oil to form a basis for stove-drying varnishes or moulding powders.  To render the resinoid compatible with large amounts of neutral resins or drying oils it should be blended with a resol or should be prepared in the presence of a phenol having only two reaction-favourable positions occupied.  Specifications 223,636, 334,572, [both in Class 2 (iii)], and 417,122 are referred to.