Patent SE-1830358-A1 (SE)
Title: Alcolock device using mapping gaze and motion parameters
Inventor: NILSSON ANDERS
IPC: G06F3/01
Filed: 2018-12-12
Abstract: Gazelock BACKGROUND From the statistics of Finland, drunk driving is involved in 25 % of fatal traffic accidents. Just in 2011, 74persons died and 735 were injured in traffic accidents that involved drunk driving in Finland[1,4]. It has beenestimated that the cost of a traffic fatality is 1.9 million Euro. A permanent injury costs 1.0 million Euro and atemporary injury on average 241 000 Euro. Furthermore, the statistics shows also that the profile of a drunk driver has not changed for a long period. Aboutone third of drunk drivers are recidivists and the rate has remained at the same level for 30 years. The risk ofbeing caught has not increased for 30 years. A drunk driver can still drive drunken about 220 occasions beforebeing caught[4]. The findings justify an obligatory use of Alcolocks as one preventive measure to counteractrecidivism. Studies from Finland, Sweden, Canada and USA have shown good results of the impact of Alcolockson recidivism [1-4]. One of the serious problems with the existing Alcolocks is that they measure blood alcoholconcentration through some kinds of breathing systems. Technically, such systems can be cheated easily inpractice, for instance, one headache with Alcolock in a real application is to know if a driver cheats it by using amask to filter his/her breathing airs. In this disclosure we invent a new approach to build Alcolocks based on the fact that drinking alcohol willimpair both motor skills and cognitive functioning. The fact can be used to detect if a driver is drunk throughmeasuring his/her motor skills and cognitive ﬁinctions. More specifically, Alcohol ingestion will cause varying degrees of physiological losses that result in changes inthe cognitive and behavioral functions as well as visual perception [9]. The effects can be felt and measured evenwhen alcohol is consumed in light to moderate levels. Intoxication due to occasional alcohol ingestion will affectthe central nervous system (CNS). These effects of alcohol on the CNS result in alterations in the visual systemthat are related, for instance, to color perception, contrast sensitivity, as well as on eye movements [9]. Eye movement is a good indicator of cognitive functions. One of the main ﬁinctions of eye movements is toalign information of potential interest and the fovea, thus selecting information from relevant parts of the visualenvironment. Therefore, eye movements are closely related to visual attention. Typical eye movements whilstscanning an image can be classifies as saccades and fixations. Saccades are ballistic movements of the eye itselffrom one point of the visual scene to another, whereas fixations refer to the time between the saccades in whichthe eye presents minimal movements [9]. Since the intake of alcohol will cause transient motor and cognitive changes, when performing a visual searchingtask one needs a large number and duration of fixations, high latency for the initial fixation and a high number ofsaccades, as well as a high total time. As an indicator of cognitive processing eye movement can be used tomeasure the effects of alcohol intake. There are some studies on the effect of alcohol intake on eye movement and visual perception and recognition.In [8] it was concluded that alcohol dose affect human picture perception and decrease the performance of visualexploration. Another study showed that it is possible to see deviations in the gaze patterns of drunk people, evenat a very low level of blood alcohol concentration[9,10]. Measurement of eye movements has been suggested fordetecting a drunk driver. However, it is not an effective and efficient way for drunk detection if patterns of eyemovements and/or eye gaze are measured in some kind of passive way. In this disclosure we invent a robust wayto accurately detect drunk drivers, where to unlock the car the driver has to run an interactive visual test whichhas a high demend of cognitive functions and motor skills. Unlike other approaches, it is not a simplemeasurement of eye movement rather but measurement of deviation in the gaze pattems in a closed hand-eyecoordination process. More specifically, it is not just cognitive functions are measured through eye movementbut the mismatch between cognitive and motor skills that is measured. Our principle is based on the fact that drinking alcohol can impair both motor skills and cognitive functioning,but motor skills can be re-gained at a faster rate than cognitive functions. This could create the illusion ofcomplete sobriety and prompt the undertaking of activities requiring cognitive processes that are still greatlyimpaired. This will result in fatal problems, for example, make incorrect responses very fast, pressing theaccelerator rather than the break in an emergency situation. Therefore, the most effective way is to measure themismatch between motor skills and cognitive functions. The mismatch is a more sensitive effect than use ofcognitive functions alone for detecting drunk drivers. To compute the mismatch we invent a way of measuring motion skills in an interactive visual test process. Letthe driver hold a device or a mobile to run a designed visual test, his/her motion skills can be measured throughphysical motion sensors embedded in the device, or through already existed in modern mobile phones. This isdifferent from some existing approaches of using mobiles to combat drunk driving [6]. In these approaches mobile phones use their accelerometer and orientation sensors to detect patterns associated with driving underthe inﬂuence. The sensor data are used to compute driving behaviors but not for measuring personal motor skillsin a visual test as we do. Furthermore, an important requirement for a Working Alcolock is that no helpful to ask others to unlock thealcolock. To reach it one has to make sure that the person unlocking the alcolock should be the same one who isdriving the vehicle. Besides stop drunk driving it is of equal impotance in preventing the misuse of the car bysomeone else for terror attack. Therefore, identifying the personal identity of a driver is extremely important.Besides safety personal identity is also very helpful in making alcolocks more robust. The study in [4] showedthat the time of the survey and the gender of the driver were high risk factors for drunk driving. The risk on a Saturday morning was about eight times higher than during Tuesday afternoon. The risk for a female to drivedrunk was less than one fifth of that for men. Divorced and widowed people had a clearly higher risk than married drivers. In the age group “30-54 years” therisk for drunk driving was higher compared to the age group “below 20 years”. Unemployed drunk drivers hadalso higher blood alcohol concentration. Therefore, the context and personal socioeconomic status will be veryuseful in aiding the detection of drunk driver. Reference: 1. Blincoe,L.J.,Miller,T.R.,Zaloshnja,E.,&Lawrence,B.A.(2015,May).The economic and societal impact ofmotor vehicle crashes, 2010. (Revised)(Report No. DOT HS 812 013). Washington, DC: National HighwayTraffic Safety Administration. 2. NationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration.RetrievedMay1 1201 8from _11gtpjjfwyyyggnlitsaiggyi gjigljy; ' :iså- n,M.,P nttilä,A.,Haukka,J.,Rajalin,S.,Eriksson,C.,Gunnar,T.,... Kuoppasalmi, K. (2013). Profile of adrunk driver and risk factors for drunk driving. Findings in roadside testing in the province of Uusimaa inFinland 1990-2008. Forensic Science International, 231(1-3), 20-27. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.04.010 5. Møller,M.,Haustein,S.,&Prato,C.G.(2015).Proﬁlingdrunkdrivingrecidivistsin Denmark. Accident Analysis &Prevention, 83, 125-131. doi: 10.1016 /j.aap. 2015 6. Dai,J.,Teng,J.,Bai,X.,Shen,Z.,&Xuan,D.(2010).Mobilephonebaseddrunk driving detection. Proceedings of the4th Intemational ICST Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare.doi:10.4108/icst.pervasivehealth2010.8901 7. DriverAlcoholDetectionSystemforSafety.httpsz/ß/wwxw'.dadss.tir 8. Moser,A.,Heide,W.,&Kömpf,D.(1998).Theeffectoforalethanolconsumptionon eye movements in healthy volunteers. Joumal of Neurology,245(8), 542-550. doi:10.1007/s004150050240 9. Silva,J.B.,Cristino,E.D.,Almeida,N.L.,Medeiros,P.C.,&Santos,N.A.(2017). Effects of acute alcohol ingestionon eye movements and cognition: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Plos One,12(10).doi:10.1371/joumal.pone.0186061 10.Thien, N. H., & Muntsinger, T. Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus Detection in Automotive Vehicles. 11.GHO | By category | Legal BAC limits - Data by country. (n.d.). Retrieved May 10, 2018, from httn :,//'apps,xw'11o. int/ gho/”data/vievsnma in. 54600 3. Bergman, G, Larsson, A, Martinsson, A, Norén, F.(2018) The future of DUI detection technology,- A research study on prevention and methods for detecting drivers under the influence (DUI), KTH Media LabCourse Report.