baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1456834-A (GB)
Title: Weft straightening
IPC: D06H1/00
Filed: 1972-12-09
Abstract: 1456834 Correcting weft distortion; woven fabric WIRA 19 Feb 1974 [9 Dec 1972] 56937/72 Headings D1K and D1S For detecting the distortion of weft threads in a length of woven fabric 1, one of the weft threads 6 at each end of the fabric 1 is or is rendered sufficiently different from the other weft threads in a particular characteristic or adaption so as to be detectable by a suitable sensing device. The fabric 1, Fig. 1, has warp threads 2a, 2b, 2c,...., pattern weft threads 3a, 3b, 3c,...., and a "heading" comprising weft threads 4, 5, 6, 7 of which the thread 6 has a high light reflectance. As shown, the weft threads are .skewed. Sensing devices 9, 10 are located to lie on a line at right angles to the warp. The fabric moves in the direction of an arrow 8 and weft (pick) counting devices are switched on by the passage of the thread 6 past each device 9, 10 individually. After a predetermined time, the difference in the number of weft threads counted is a measure of the skew of the weft and a signal is emitted to control a weft straightening machine. The devices 9, 10 each comprise a photocell 12, Fig. 2, illuminated by a light source 11. Light from a separate source 13 illuminates the upper face of the fabric 1. When the thread 6 passes the photocell 12, light from the source 13, is reflected by the thread 6 to illuminate strongly the photocell 12 to start Ithe respective counting device. In modifications (not shown), (a) each device 9, 10 includes a separate sensing means working on different principles and a photocell producing a peak signal on the passage of a highly reflective thread is still used to actuate the counting device; (to) the light source 13 is omitted and each device 9, 10 is provided with an auxiliary photocell, on the same side of the fabric as the source 11, which actuates the counting device when it receives a pulse of light by reflection from the thread 6; and (c) the light reflective thread 6 is replaced by a thread having connected thereto enlargements or tapes or coated with magnetic or electrically conductive material and is detected by electrical, electro-mechanical, inductive, capacitive or magnetic means.
Patent GB-1170678-A (GB)
Title: A Method of Etching a Film of Silicon Nitride
IPC: H01L21/311
Filed: 1967-12-13
Abstract: 1,170,678. Etching. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP. 13 Dec., 1967 [13 Jan., 1967], No. 56949/67. Heading B6J. [Also in Division H1] A film of silicon nitride is selectively etched with hydrofluoric acid through a mask of molybdenum, tungsten or silicon. The silicon mask may be formed as a secondary part of a silicon nitride deposition and the molybdenum and tungsten masks may be deposited by spluttering, plasma discharge or vapour deposition. In a preferred embodiment a film of silicon nitride is applied to a silicon substrate, which film is covered with a film of molybdenum or tungsten and then with a phaloresist. The resist is exposed and developed and the molybdenum or tungsten etched with a solution of potassium ferricyanide and potssium hydroxide The exposed silicon nitride film may then be etched with concentrated hydrafluoric acid.
Patent GB-1212379-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to methods of making semiconductor devices
Inventor: KRAGNESS ROGER CLYDE
IPC: C23F1/40
Filed: 1967-12-19
Abstract: 1,212,379. Etching. WESTERN ELECTRIC CO. Inc. 19 Dec., 1967 [20 Dec., 1966], No. 57551/67. Heading B6J. [Also in Division H1] A method of etching a monocrystalline slice of silicon semi-conductor material having at least three low-order crystallographic planes and having a major face in one of these planes includes the steps of forming an etch-resistant mask on the face with its edges parallel to the lines of intersection of the one plane and one of the other planes and exposing the face to an etchant which has a relatively high etch rate on the one plane and a relatively low etch rate on the other planes. Undercutting of the mask is thereby prevented so that the method is particularly suitable for etching isolating grooves between the elements in an integrated circuit. In a preferred embodiment a silicon oxide mask 43 is formed on the side of a silicon slice 44 opposite the elements 45 and an etchant is applied having a high etch rate on the (100) plane, a very low etch rate on the (111) plane 49, and an intermediate etch rate on the (110) plane. The selection of an intermediate etch rate rather than a low etch rate on the (110) plane prevents the formation of pyramids (Fig. 10, not shown) which can cause premature termination of the etching process. Suitable etchants are those containing the hydroxides of sodium, potassium, caesium, lithium or rubidium, to which may be added aluminium (to reduce the rate of attack on silicon oxide) or low-order alcohols such as methanol, ethanol or n-propanol (to vary the etch rate on the (110) plane). Alternatively, etchants containing organic reagents capable of producing free hydroxide ions may be used. Preferably the etchant comprises a solution containing 15 gms. potassium hydroxide, 50 ml. water and 15 ml. n-propanol which has an etch rate on the (110) plane of three- or four-tenths of its etch rate on the (100) plane. Etching ceases when the silicon oxide layer 46 is reached. The use of an etchant with an intermediate etch rate on the (110) plane to avoid the formation of pyramids also causes undercutting at convex corners ,of the mask. This effect is counteracted by forming the mask at these corners with compensating extensions (Figs. 12 and 14, not shown). The aperture in the mask is formed by photoresist and etching techniques, the crystallographic orientation of the semiconductor having been determined previously by goniometric methods. Silicon nitride may be used as the masking material instead of silicon oxide.
Patent GB-1193567-A (GB)
Title: Optical Aiming and Laser Rangefinding Apparatus.
IPC: G01S17/10
Filed: 1968-12-05
Abstract: 1,193,567. Laser rangefinder. ELTRO G.m.b.H. & CO. GESELLSCHAFT F R STRAHLUNGSSTECHNIK. 5 Dec., 1968 [15 Feb., 1968], No. 57779/68. Heading H4D. In an optical aiming laser range finding apparatus having lens arrangements 17, Fig. 6, for the aiming ray path, the laser transmitter beam (5) and the laser receiver beam (11), the section 19 of the apparatus housing the lens arrangements is optically coupled to the laser transmitter and/or receiver by flexible optical fibre conductors 21, 22. This enables the use of the apparatus in restricted space conditions, e.g. an armoured vehicle whereby the lens arrangements may be mounted with, e.g. a periscope sight, remote from the remainder of the apparatus. The flexible conductor may comprise a single tube formed of inner and outer sections having different refractive indexes N 1  and N 2 , Figs. 1 and 5 showing the transmitter and receiver couplings respectively. A lens 3, Fig. 1 may concentrate the output from the large end face of the laser 1 on to the conductor core, or, Fig. 2, the input end of the conductor may be of funnel shape to give a transition between the diameters of the laser and core. A stop 13, Fig. 5, may limit and define the field of view of the receiver or the input end of the conductor may perform this function. The transmitter conductor may have a diameter approximating that of the laser; Fig. 3, and comprise a plurality of optical fibres, a conical conductor portion 9 reducing the output end of the conductor. A single lens arrangement 23, Fig. 7, may be used for the transmitter 1 and for the aiming device 26, an optical conductor 21, carrying the laser transmitter beam, terminating in a plane 25 at the focus of lens 23. In the arrangement of Fig. 8 a single lens arrangement 27 is used for the aiming device 26 and, by means of a beam splitter 28 and conductor 22, for the laser receiver 14.
Patent GB-1254317-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to exhaust gas muffler means
IPC: F01N1/02
Filed: 1968-12-09
Abstract: 1,254,317. Exhaust silencers. NIHON RADIATOR CO. Ltd. Dec. 9, 1968 [May 20, 1968; July 24, 1968], No.58460/68. Heading F1B . An exhaust gas silencer comprises an exhaust pipe 20 along which is arranged a plurality of closed-ended absorption chambers 21 at least one of which is designed to absorb low frequency pulsations according to the formula f = 1/2##kg/W where f is the resonant frequency of the chamber, g is the gravitational acceleration, W is the maximum pressure of the pressure waves entering the absorption chamber and K represents the elastic co-efficient of the chamber, K being equal to AkPo(S/Ho) where A is a constant, k is the polytropic component, Po is the maximum pressure in the absorption chamber, S is the cross-sectional area of the chamber inlet and Ho is the mean width of the chamber. In Fig. 5 the chamber 21 is fitted inside the exhaust pipe and comprises a chamber 25 with a closed end 28 facing downstream and open end 27 upstream, the gas entering through 27 flowing oil through orifices 29. In Fig.4 the absorption chambers 13 surround the exhaust pipe. Numerous shapes of absorption chambers are shown, including spheroidal Fig. 16 (not shown) cylindrical Fig.14 (not shown) and annular Fig. 9 (not shown) . In Fig. 20 the pipe is divided by longitudinal baffles 122 and transverse baffles arranged to provide a series of chambers through which the gas proceeds in a generally helical direction.
Patent GB-1219092-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to function generator arrangements
Inventor: TWEEDY STANLEY EDWIN
IPC: G06G7/24
Filed: 1967-07-26
Abstract: 1,219,092. Electric selective signalling. ULTRA ELECTRONICS Ltd. 25 July, 1968 [26 July, 1967; 9 Nov., 1967; 28 Dec., 1967], Nos. 34242/67, 50971/67 and 58786/67. Heading G4H. The output 37 (Fig. 6) of a divider 18-24 receiving an input frequency signal is determined by the magnitude of an input control signal 34. The input frequency signal may be constant (Fig. 4, not shown) or varied by a voltage generator 39 (Fig. 6) between F and 2F in accordance with the value of signal 34. The divide-by-2 stages 18-24 of the divider are controlled by a switch 32 which selects one of the gates 25-31 in accordance with the range of the input to inhibit the associated divider stage and all following stages so that the output frequency is logarithmically related to the input 34. The apparatus may be used for converting a voltage representative of temperature into a frequency signal which is counted for a fixed time interval. In Fig. 7, signals V s , V T  representing speed and temperature of an engine are compared with a staircase waveform from digital/analogue converter 47 controlled by a shift register 52 which is pulsed by a generator 50 until the error signal from network 45 passes through zero. The residual error which is within one step of the staircase is fed to a voltage controlled pulse generator 49 the frequency signal from which is fed via divider 65-70 controlled by the stages 53-58 of shift register 52 to a gated counter (not shown). The counter may be preset to indicate the life span of the engine and counted down so that the remaining life span is indicated. Other counters may count the total running time of the engine and the number of engine starts. Means may also be included to detect overspeed and overheating.
Patent GB-1423661-A (GB)
Title: Electrical resistance heating of workpiece
IPC: H05B3/00
Filed: 1972-12-20
Abstract: 1423661 Internal resistance heating ELECTRICITY COUNCIL 20 Dec 1973 [20 Dec 1972] 58919/72 Heading H5H To prevent buckling of a workpiece 10 which is heated by the passage of current therethrough, the pressure applied to two contact elements 12, 13 which directly or indirectly engage the ends of the workpiece is automatically reduced in a programmed manner as the workpiece heats up and expands. As shown, copper contacts act on the ends of workpiece 10 via deformable metal inserts 14, 15. A temperature sensor 18 engages the bar and provides an electrical signal to a controller 19 which controls the pressure of a ram 16. The controller is programmed to reduce the pressure gradually with increasing temperature or to reduce the pressure in one step from a high value to a low value when a predetermined temperature has been attained. The inserts 14 and 15 preferably comprise a composite aluminium-copper spiral. As the workpiece heats up the aluminium 20 melts at about 660‹ C. but the copper strip 21 retains the molten aluminium which thus enables a good electrical connection to be made between the end contact and the workpiece without excessive pressure. At low temperatures, the relatively soft nature of the insert compared to the workpiece enables good electrical contact to be maintained under pressure. The insert may be formed as a wire mesh grid of aluminium and copper or may be a substrate coated with a liquifying or non-liquifying metal. In Fig. 4 (not shown), the contacts are formed with a number of concentric grooves and aluminium sheet inserts are interposed between them and the ends of the workpiece. The grooves serve to retain molten aluminium during use. The use of the inserts forms the subjectmatter of the Specification 1,423,662 which is divided from the present application.
Patent GB-1363510-A (GB)
Title: Process for the removal of dimethyl sulphate from gases
IPC: B01D53/02
Filed: 1971-12-21
Abstract: 1363510 Carbon absorbent FARBWERKE HOECHST AG 21 Dec 1971 [22 Dec 1970] 59229/71 Heading B1L Active charcoal, used in the removal of dimethyl sulphate from gas mixtures, is regenerated with a base, washed with water and reused without drying.
Patent GB-1456827-A (GB)
Title: Chromane derivatives
IPC: C09K15/08
Filed: 1973-12-21
Abstract: The preparation of chroman aldehydes of the formula <IMAGE> in which R represents hydroxyl, an ether group which can be converted to hydroxyl by hydrolysis or hydrogenolysis or an ester group which can be converted to hydroxyl by hydrolysis, is described. These compounds are useful intermediates for the preparation of natural optically active  alpha -tocopherol and its isomers.
Patent GB-1213530-A (GB)
Title: Basic fused refractory material
IPC: C04B35/03
Filed: 1968-12-17
Abstract: 1,213,530. Fused refractory. CORHART REFRACTORIES CO. 17 Dec., 1968 [26 Dec., 1967], No. 59835/68. Heading C1J.  A fused refractory material consists of, by weight, 38% to 85% CaO, 10% to 59% MgO, 0.15% to 11.5% fluorine, 0% to 10% of Cr 2 O 3  and/or Fe 2 O 3 , and not more than 7% 5i0 2  and not more than 10% Al 2 0 3 . The refractory is made by mixing dolomite, magnesia if desired, chrome iron ore and fluorspar (or aluminium fluoride), melting, at 2200-2450 C., and casting or forming into grain.
Patent GB-1300398-A (GB)
Title: METHOD OF PREPARING beta-METHYL ADIPIC ACID
IPC: C07C55/14
Filed: 1969-12-29
Abstract: 1300398 Methyl adipic acid VEBA-CHEMIE AG 29 Dec 1969 [26 April 1969] 63099/69 Heading C2C (3-Methyl adipic acid is prepared by the nitric acid oxidation of a mixture of m- and p-methylcyclohexanol and the reaction product is cooled to precipitate the #-methyl adipic acid and form a mother liquor which may be partially recycled to the oxidation reaction. The m- and p-methylcyclohexanol is a hydrogenated crude cresol mixture containing up to 20% of o-methylcyclohexanol or cyclohexanol. In examples, a catalyst is used comprising ammonium vanadate and copper sulphate.
Patent GB-2000764-A (GB)
Title: Halogenated cyclopropane carboxylic acid esters
IPC: A01N53/00
Filed: 1978-06-21
Abstract: Insecticidal compounds have the general formula:   <IMAGE> wherein one of R<1> and R<2> is a haloalkyl group containing one or two carbon atoms and the other is a halogen atom and in which R is a phenoxybenzyloxy group optionally substituted in the  alpha -position by a cyano or ethynyl group. A typical example is (+/-)- alpha -cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (+/-)-cis/trans-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl)-2,2-dimethy lcyclopropane carboxylate. The compounds may be prepared from the corresponding compounds where R is hydroxy, halo or alkoxy, which are also novel, which, in turn, may be prepared by reacting a novel compound of the formula:   <IMAGE> wherein one of R<1> and R<2> represents a group of the formula: W-(CF2)<m>- where W is hydrogen, fluorine or chlorine and m is 1 or 2, and the other of R<1> and R<2> is fluorine, chlorine or bromine; Q is (C1-C6) alkoxy, and W' and W'' are independently fluorine, chlorine or bromine, provided that W' is bromine when R<2> is bromine, with at least two equivalents of a base.
Patent GB-2000584-A (GB)
Title: Falling film heat exchangers
IPC: F28D5/02
Filed: 1978-06-29
Abstract: A falling film heat exchanger of the plate type has spaced heat exchange elements. Vapor enters the elements and after condensation therein by heat exchange with liquid flowing as a film on the outer surfaces of the elements, condensate is discharged from the bottoms of the elements. The coolant liquid is itself evaporatively cooled by a flow of cooling air passing outside the heat exchange elements, within a casing that encloses the elements. The cooling air may even be warmer than the coolant liquid so long as the air is not saturated. The heat exchange elements themselves can be arranged mutually parallel or in radial array, and the directions of flow of vapor and cooling air can be concurrent or counter current, with either or both of these media flowing upwards or downwards. <IMAGE>
Patent GB-2001359-A (GB)
Title: Producing core-sheath yarn
IPC: D02G3/36
Filed: 1978-07-25
Abstract: A method is provided of producing a core-sheath yarn in which a core yarn is continuously guided in a spinning zone through a gap formed between two adjacent surfaces moving in opposite directions, and staple fibres are fed into the path of the core yarn in such a way that the staple fibres come into frictional contact with the moving surfaces. The core yarn is thereby covered with the staple fibres. The core yarn is guided into the spinning zone at a first defined speed and after covering with staple fibres is drawn off again at a higher second defined speed so as to produce a defined predetermined elastic elongation of the core yarn in the spinning zone. A preferred apparatus for this purpose comprises two rotatable drums (1) each with a porous sleeve in whose interiors are provided air suction devices and between which is defined a narrow gap in which in use the fibres to form the sheath core supplied as individual fibres are collected and spun. A first delivery mechanism (14) is arranged upstream of the drums (1) and a second delivery mechanism (16) is arranged downstream of the drums (1) for the defined supply of the core yarn (3) into the spinning zone and for the defined takeoff of the spun core-sheath yarn from the spinning zone. Means are provided for driving the delivery mechanisms at an adjustable gear ratio. <IMAGE>
Patent GB-2005790-A (GB)
Title: Linkword control mechanism
IPC: G05G7/04
Filed: 1978-09-14
Abstract: A control mechanism comprises first and second lever means (13, 14) which are connected together by connecting means (11) adapted in normal operation to transmit movement from the first lever means (13) to the second lever means (14). In order to enable temporary interruption of the transmission of movement, the connecting means (11) is connected to the first lever means (13) through a pivot (15) moveably supported on the first lever means (13). The pivot (15) can thus be temporarily moved to a position, e.g. on the axis of the first lever means (13), in which movement of the first lever means (13) transmits no movement to the second lever means (14). <IMAGE>
Patent GB-2006504-A (GB)
Title: Driver circuit for tone generator
IPC: B06B1/02
Filed: 1978-10-13
Abstract: A driver circuit for a tone generator that is adapted to cause the tone generator to produce a pleasant sounding chime. The circuit comprises high and low frequency oscillator circuits whose decaying sawtooth type outputs are combined to provide a pulse width modulated output to control a tone generator coil via a transistor to produce the desired chime effect. <IMAGE>
Patent GB-2007311-A (GB)
Title: Method for reducing power requirements in compression for wet oxidation system
IPC: C02F11/08
Filed: 1978-10-18
Abstract: Air or other oxygen-bearing gas for use in a wet oxidation system is compressed by a compressor cooled during the compression by injection of water into the oxygen-bearing gas stream, the heat of compression causing the water to vaporize and thereby adiabatically cool the oxygen- bearing gas. The water may be injected prior to compression or, in a multi-stage compressor, between all but the last stage.
Patent GB-2011171-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the making of electrical connections to integrated circuit chips
IPC: H01L21/60
Filed: 1978-11-28
Abstract: Electrical connections are made to a semiconductor integrated circuit chip by means of gold beam leads (8) bonded to aluminium pads (5) on the chips (1). In order to improve the reliability of the bond between the beam leads and the pads a layer (7) of tantalum nitride is interposed between the pads (5) and the chips (1). Nitrides of molybdenum, titanium or tungsten may be used instead of tantalum nitride. <IMAGE>
Patent GB-2009819-A (GB)
Title: Drum cutter-loader mineral mining machine
IPC: E21C27/02
Filed: 1978-12-05
Abstract: A drum cutter-loader machine is mounted on a face conveyor (1) and has a machinery section (4) adjacent the face conveyor (1) and cantilevered cutter drums (9) which extend over at least part of the width of the machinery section (4). Each cutter drum (9) is rotatably mounted on a support arm (10) which is adjacent the face conveyor (1) and pivotable about an axis (11) parallel to the floor and perpendicular to the working face. Also each drum (9) is connected by way of reduction gearing to its driving motor (8) which is disposed in the machinery section (4). Each support arm (10) has a casing portion (12) which is disposed centrally about the support-arm pivot axis (11) and which houses the reduction gearing, the casing (12) together with the support arm (10) being mounted for pivoting on abutments disposed on the end faces of the machinery section (4) and the reduction gearing in the casing (12) being operatively connected to the driving motor (8) through that end face of the casing (12) which is distal from the support arm (10). <IMAGE>
Patent GB-2013745-A (GB)
Title: Splicing of yarn
IPC: B65H69/06
Filed: 1978-12-27
Abstract: The ends of two pieces of yarn (YU, YL) are spliced together by inserting them into opposite ends of a substantially cylindrical tunnel (27) within which they are subjected to an air jet to entangle them. At least one of the yarns is slackened slightly prior to or simultaneously with the air jetting. The distribution of twists inherent in spun yarns is changed in the region of the spliced joint by twists imparted to the yarns by the air jet. The resulting pieced-up yarn has a much smaller joint size than that obtained with conventional knotters, thus reducing the likelihood of yarn breakage in subsequent knitting or weaving.
Patent GB-2014846-A (GB)
Title: A Wax Depilation
IPC: A45D26/00
Filed: 1979-01-19
Abstract: A wax depilation appliance for domestic use comprises a vessel 5 for containing the wax, an electric heating resistor 9 for heating the vessel, and a filter 12 placed within the vessel in order to remove hairs and impurities from the wax after each period of use of the appliance and to permit re-use of the wax, said filter consisting of a removable, disposable container of light and flexible material which is permeable to hot wax and withstands contact with the wax at a temperature of at least 120 DEG C. <IMAGE>
Patent GB-2030033-A (GB)
Title: Fish farming
IPC: A01K63/04
Filed: 1979-08-01
Abstract: A method of controlling the level of carbon dioxide in a fish holding tank consists of the addition of a metered quantity of an alkaline solution, for example, a lime solution which neutralises at least a part of the carbon dioxide which accumulates as a result of the fish metabolism.