baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent JP-2006160839-A (JP)
Title: Silicate composition and water paint containing the same
Inventor: TOMITA RIE
IPC: C09D183/02
Filed: 2004-12-03
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a silicate composition having affinity to water, excellent in hydrolysis resistance (property not easily hydrolyzed), preferably added to water paint, imparting a coating film excellent in hydrophilicity, and imparting a water paint with a sufficient pot life, and to provide a water paint comprising the same.  <P>SOLUTION: The invention relates to the silicate composition obtained by modifying an alkylsilicate with a compound represented by formula (1). In the formula R is a 1-18C hydrocarbon group. X is -O- or -COO-. EO is an ethylene oxide unit, and PO is a propylene oxide unit. n is a number of 2-22, and m+1 is a number of 1-21.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
Patent JP-2006165244-A (JP)
Title: Method for jointing component
Inventor: OKAZAKI MAKOTO
IPC: H01L21/607
Filed: 2004-12-07
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for jointing components, ensuring the junction quality, while shortening the time required for bonding operation and being capable of realizing the prolonging of the lifetime of a bonding tool.  <P>SOLUTION: In the method for jointing the part, a part electrode mounted on the part is joined with a substrate electrode fitted to a substrate by vibrations. In such a method, a vibration-applying pattern repeatedly applies a first vibration applying process US1 of continuously applying first vibrations by a first voltage value V1 for a first applying time T1; and a second vibration applying process US2 of continuously applying second vibrations by a second voltage value V2 for a second applying time T2, in a junction process for applying vibration to the part by a vibrator and joining the part electrode with the substrate electrode. Accordingly, the slipping of the abutting surfaces of the bonding tool and the part resulting from the continuous application of vibrations having the same intensity can be significantly reduced, the quality of the junction is ensured, while the time required for the junction is shortened, and the prolonging of the lifetime of the bonding tool is realized.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
Patent JP-2006158729-A (JP)
Title: Bottle to be opened in single way
Inventor: WATANABE MASAHIRO
IPC: A47J41/02
Filed: 2004-12-08
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To easily perform unlocking with the continuous operation of an unlocking member, while securing safety against careless unlocking.  <P>SOLUTION: In a bottle to be opened in a single way, a lock mechanism 8 for locking the single opening lid 7 arranged in a bottle main body 1 to be unlocked includes: a lock member 11 for locking the single opening lid 7 at a closing position; and an unlocking member 12 for unlocking the lock by the lock member 11 by continuously performing a preliminary operation in a direction A, which is different from the motion direction B of the locking/unlocking of the lock member 11, and a main operation with the lock member 11 in the unlocking motion direction B.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
Patent JP-2005184812-A (JP)
Title: Method and receiver to communicate ultra wide bandwidth signal by using orthogonal frequency division multiplex modulation
Inventor: MOLISCH ANDREAS F
IPC: H04J13/18
Filed: 2004-12-10
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and an apparatus to trade off a noise increase which is peculiar in frequency diffusion with a desired gain volume in frequency diversity.  <P>SOLUTION: The method and a system communicate an ultra wide bandwidth by using an orthogonal frequency division multiplex modulation. A tone is received by an ultra wide bandwidth channel. The tone is generated by an input symbol which is diffused, modulated and single-frequency-interleaved. Frequency reverse interleaving is applied to reverse-diffused plural tones in order to reverse-diffuse the received tone and to recover the single input symbol.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI
Patent JP-2006171881-A (JP)
Title: Lottery purchase system and information processor
Inventor: YANAGIDA MASAHITO
IPC: G06Q50/10
Filed: 2004-12-13
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a means for purchasing lottery tickets at an ATM by use of a cell phone.  <P>SOLUTION: An ATM 3 displays information about currently available lottery tickets on an operation display part 2b on the basis of information distributed from a lottery management server 2. In response to the purchase of lottery tickets by a user, a reader/writer part 2a reads the sum of electronic money from an IC chip in the user's cell phone 1. The reader/writer part 2a writes in the IC chip the sum of electronic money minus the sum for purchase of the lottery tickets by the user, and writes information about the lottery tickets purchased by the user in the IC chip as a purchase stab.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
Patent JP-2006168458-A (JP)
Title: Non-contact electric supply plant
Inventor: YAMAMOTO HARUMASA
IPC: G01K11/32
Filed: 2004-12-14
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide non-contact feeding equipment capable of identifying the place in abnormal temperatures and of detecting abnormal temperatures around feeding lines by optical fiber cable.  <P>SOLUTION: This equipment supplies electric power with no contact from ground equipment to a power receiving coil 1 in a guided vehicle through electromagnetic induction. The optical fiber cable 4 is laid along the feeding support 2 of the feeding lines 3 and a temperature measuring device 5 is equipped at one end of the optical fiber cable 4 capable of measuring the temperatures based on an intensity ratio between the anti-stokes side and the stokes side of Raman scattering light, measuring the intensity ratio on time series and detecting the temperature distribution along the optical fiber based on light speed and receipt time.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
Patent JP-2006167566-A (JP)
Title: Method of assembling hollow fiber membrane module
Inventor: HAMADA TOYOZO
IPC: B01D63/02
Filed: 2004-12-15
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a convenient method of assembling a hollow fiber membrane module giving products with stable quality.  <P>SOLUTION: The method for assembling a hollow fiber membrane module having a bundle of hollow fiber membranes with at least one end fixed with a fixing member and having no housing surrounding the bundle comprises the process of housing a bundle of hollow fiber membranes in a housing of a prescribed length and a fixing member connected at least to one end of the housing, the process of integrating at least one end of the bundle and the fixing member with an adhesive, the process of integrating, if necessary, the other end of the bundle and the fixing member with an adhesive and the process of removing the housing.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
Patent JP-2006170787-A (JP)
Title: Unit type watthour meter
Inventor: KUMAKAWA HIROYUKI
IPC: G01R11/00
Filed: 2004-12-15
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To suppress the occurrence of economical loss in change or the like of a watt-hour meter without requiring preparation of many types of watt-hour meters while enabling response to multi-functionalization of the watthour meters.  <P>SOLUTION: This unit type watthour meter comprises a terminal block 10 having a primary terminal 11 to which a lead-in wire from a transmission system is connected and a secondary terminal 12 to which a customer side wire is connected, a unit joint 20 where a predetermined number of blade receiving terminals electrically connected to the primary terminal 11 or secondary terminal 12 are exposed on the surface, a watthour meter unit 30 that is removable from unit compartments 300, 400 and 500 set in the unit joint 20 and has a blade terminal to be press-fitted into the blade receiving terminal, and a communication terminal station unit 40 and switch unit 50 as option equipment units.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
Patent JP-2006167598-A (JP)
Title: Treating material for colored waste water and colored waste water treating method
Inventor: MORIOKA MINORU
IPC: B01J20/08
Filed: 2004-12-16
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a treating material for colored waste water which is effective for various kinds of colored waste water, can efficiently fix and remove color material, and exhibits excellent effect enabling the reduction of BOD and COD, and the like.  <P>SOLUTION: The treating material for colored waste water contains a calcium aluminate-based compound, and has a fineness with a Blaine value representing the specific surface area of ≥3,000 cm<SP>2</SP>/g. A colored waste water treating method uses the treating material for colored waste water.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
Patent JP-2005198275-A (JP)
Title: Pulse signal generator for ultra-wideband radio transception and radio transceiver having the same
Inventor: HYUN SEOK-BONG
IPC: H04B1/717
Filed: 2004-12-21
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a pulse signal generator for ultra-wideband radio transception and a radio transceiver having the same.  <P>SOLUTION: The pulse signal generator for ultra-wideband radio transception comprises: an envelope generator 571 generating a plurality of envelope signals; a local oscillator array 572 composed of a plurality of high frequency oscillators, each outputting two oscillation signals having a phase difference from each other; a multiplier array 573 receiving the envelope signals and the oscillation signals and outputting signals obtained by respectively multiplying the envelope signals by the oscillation signals; and an I channel adder 574 and a Q channel adder 575 outputting an I channel pulse signal and a Q channel pulse signal by adding output signals having the same phase components among the signals outputted from the multiplier array, respectively.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI
Patent JP-2006180134-A (JP)
Title: Data broadcast receiver
Inventor: ISHII HIROSHI
IPC: H04N7/173
Filed: 2004-12-21
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a data broadcast receiver easily displaying contents useful for displaying desired information in data broadcasting and frequently used by a viewer.  <P>SOLUTION: In the case of detecting an input signal from an operation section in a state of displaying a data broadcast menu, a BML browser control section in the data broadcast receiver records the input signal to a storage means as operation information, and records an item keyword corresponding to item information selected by control (movement of focus) on the basis of the input signal, reads the operation information stored in the storage means when detecting an input signal denoting performance of automatic transition from the operation section, and controls a BML document acquisition section, a BML document analysis section, and a data broadcast menu generating section on the basis of the operation information so as to output prescribed data broadcast menu information.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
Patent JP-2006177618-A (JP)
Title: Fuel supply system, and lng ship provided therewith
Inventor: OKA MASARU
IPC: F17C9/02
Filed: 2004-12-22
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fuel supply system capable of smoothly carrying out variation of a natural gas supply amount following load fluctuation without affecting performance of a compressor.  <P>SOLUTION: The fuel supply system is characterized by that it is provided with a fuel supply line 5 supplying boil-off gas generated in an LNG tank 2 storing LNG and pressurized by the compressor 9 to a using part, a forced evaporation line 7 forcibly evaporating the LNG of the LNG tank 3 to produce natural gas, and supplying it to an upstream side of the compressor 9 in the fuel supply line 5, an opening adjusting valve 35 provided in a downstream end portion of the forced evaporation line 7, reducing a pressure of the forcibly evaporated natural gas by opening adjustment to the same pressure as a cargo tank pressure, and supplying it to the fuel supply line, and a high pressure supply line 47 branched off in an upstream side of a pressure reducing valve 35 in the forced evaporation line 7, connected in a downstream side of the compressor 9 in the fuel supply line 5, and starting supply of the natural gas at a higher pressure than compressor 9 discharge.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
Patent JP-2005292782-A (JP)
Title: Organophotoreceptor, process cartridge and image forming apparatus
Inventor: MOCHIZUKI FUMITAKA
IPC: G03G5/14
Filed: 2004-12-24
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an organophotoreceptor, in which the problems relating to conflicting characteristics of resistance to deposition of foreign substances and wear resistance characteristics of an organophotoreceptor, is solved to prevent generation of black spots or black speckles and the occurrence of a transfer memory, which is improved in wear characteristics of the surface layer, and which can provide preferable potential characteristics and a preferred electrophotographic image over a long time, and to provide a process cartridge and an image forming apparatus which use the organophotoreceptor.  <P>SOLUTION: In the organophotoreceptor, having at least an intermediate layer on a conductive support body and having a photosensitive layer containing a charge generating substance and a charge transport substance on the intermediate layer, the intermediate layer contains N-semiconductor particles having 3 to 200 nm number average primary particle diameter, and the surface layer of the organophotoreceptor contains polycarbonate, having a structural unit expressed by general Formula (1).  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
Patent JP-2006179439-A (JP)
Title: Anode and battery
Inventor: UMEHARA MASAKAZU
IPC: H01M10/05
Filed: 2004-12-24
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a battery capable of improving initial charging/discharging efficiency and a cycle property as well as an anode used for the battery.  <P>SOLUTION: An anode activator layer 12 contains an anode activator, a first polymer with weight average molecular weight of not less than 550,000, and a second polymer with weight average molecular weight of not less than 1,000 and not more than 400,000. Adhesive property between an anode current collector 11 and the anode activator layer 12 is improved by the first polymer. Further, the surface of the anode activator is covered by the second polymer. By the above, the initial charging/discharging efficiency is improved while restraining the deterioration of the cycle property.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
Patent JP-2006180729-A (JP)
Title: Swing sorter for threshing machine
Inventor: TAKEUCHI KENICHIRO
IPC: A01F12/32
Filed: 2004-12-27
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To increase the screening accuracy of the swing sorter for a threshing machine.  <P>SOLUTION: A swing and separation rack 8 for sorting the threshed material from the threshing cylinder 3 is provided to the route 12 for the sorting wind that is arranged along in the longitudinal direction under the threshing chamber 2. This swing and separation rack 8 is separated into the front swing and separation rack 8a that is arranged under the threshing chamber 2 in the front of the sorting wind route 12 and to the rear swing and separation rack 8b that is arranged under the threshing chamber 2 in the rear of the sorting wind route 12. The cereal grain conveying protrusions 19 are formed on the front swing separation rack 8a and the whole of the front and rear parts of the front swing separation rack 8b is inclined upward so that they may be made reciprocative relatively largely, the chaff sieve 21 is set on the upper front side of the rear swing and separation rack 8b, the straw rack 22 is set on the upper rear side, and the grain sieves 23 are provided on the lower front side, individually. Thus, front side part of the rear swing and separation rack 8b is inclined upward, thus the relatively large reciprocated motion is made possible and the rear side of the rear swing and separation rack 8b is constituted so that it may reciprocate on the upward inclination in a relatively small swing.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
Patent JP-2005264144-A (JP)
Title: Colored interference pigment having metallic luster, method for producing the same and use thereof
Inventor: BANGYIN LI
IPC: C09D11/00
Filed: 2004-12-27
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a colored interference pigment exhibiting metallic luster and reddish color, having improved adhesiveness and density of a hydrated iron oxide coating layer applied to the outer layer of a flaky metal substrate having a layer subjected to anticorrosion treatment in a non-aqueous system and, consequently, having improved luster and color development (color saturation).  <P>SOLUTION: The colored interference pigment having metallic luster has (1) an intermediate binder layer (1st layer) containing hydrated tin oxide formed on the surface of a flaky metal substrate having a layer subjected to anticorrosion treatment in a non-aqueous system and (2) a hydrated iron oxide coating layer (2nd layer) formed on the 1st layer.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI
Patent JP-2006182393-A (JP)
Title: Label removing device for bottle made of resin
Inventor: SETO TAIJI
IPC: B65B69/00
Filed: 2004-12-27
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a label removing device for a bottle made of a resin which removes a label from the bottle made of the resin at a high removing rate, and for a short period of time.  <P>SOLUTION: A rotary shaft equipped with a plurality of impellers are arranged axially in a cylindrical housing to form this label removing device. A casting port for the bottle made of the resin having a label is formed on one end section or in its vicinity of the housing, a bottle discharging port is formed on the other end section or in its vicinity, and a label discharging port is formed on the upper section respectively. Then, one piece, or two or more pieces of a saw blade vane are provided on respective impellers for this device which removes the label from the bottle made of the resin.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
Patent JP-2006186629-A (JP)
Title: Communications system, communication method, and communication program
Inventor: YAMAGUCHI TERUHIKO
IPC: H04M11/00
Filed: 2004-12-27
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a communications system and a communication program with enhanced communication reliability and improved convenience, suitably applied to, for example, where a plurality of multi-key telephones (MKT) and doorphones or the like are installed on an IP network and housed in an IP-PBX.  <P>SOLUTION: In the communications system, a private branch exchange includes a communication setting information group registration section; a terminal setting responsive section; a telephone-setting information group registration section; and a telephone setting responsive section that acquires a telephone setting information group, corresponding to a physical address or a network layer address from the telephone-setting information group registration section on the basis of the physical address or the network layer address at the arrival of a second request signal together with the physical address or the network layer address from a multifunctional telephone terminal to which the returned telephone-setting information group is set and returns the acquired telephone-setting information group to the multifunction telephone terminal, and the multifunctional telephone terminal includes a first request signal transmission section; a communication-setting executing section; a second request signal transmission section; and a telephone-setting executing section.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
Patent JP-2006185837-A (JP)
Title: Image display device
Inventor: KATO KENJI
IPC: H01J29/94
Filed: 2004-12-28
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an image display device for suppressing the degradation of display properties by preventing the generation of a crack of a getter room.  <P>SOLUTION: A room member 11 having the getter room 12 is arranged on the rear surface of a rear surface substrate 2 with a plurality of electron emission sources formed by being air-tightly joined through a sealing member 17 to a vacuum vessel. A getter assembly 16 is arranged in the getter room 12. The getter assembly 16 includes a getter 14, a getter housing 13 for holding the getter 14, a getter support 15 for supporting the getter housing 13. The getter housing 13 is supported by a pair of the getter supports and arranged in the getter room 12. The pair of the getter supports 15 are arranged so that a support end 15c is fixed by the sealing member 17 between the rear surface substrate 2 and the room member 11.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
Patent JP-2005525031-A (JP)
Title: 動電型プレーナラウドスピーカー
IPC: H04R9/06
Filed: 2003-05-02
Abstract: 動電型スピーカーは、典型的には、表面の１つに貼付された導体を有する振動板を含んでいる。振動板は、フレームに取り付けられている。導体は、フレームに実装された磁石によって発生される磁界と相互作用する導体の線形トレースを経て電流を供給するために電源に接続されている。振動板は、電流が磁界内で導体を導通すると発生される動力によって励振される。動電型スピーカーから音響出力を生成するために、電流が、変更される。
Patent JP-2005531565-A (JP)
Title: 抗菌剤
IPC: A61K31/7028
Filed: 2003-05-22
Abstract: 本発明は、抗菌作用を有する新規なＤ−ガラクトフラノースのチオグリコシド類、それらの合成方法、それらを含む医薬組成物、及び細菌感染した患者の治療方法に関する。
Patent JP-2006509349-A (JP)
Title: 頑丈な密封された縁を有するサブパッド
IPC: B24B37/24
Filed: 2003-06-09
Abstract: 半導体ウエーハ及び他の加工品の化学的機械的研磨及び平面化を含めた、種々の研磨用途で用いるための包まれたベルト及び包まれたパッドが与えられている。それらの包まれたベルト及びパッドは、そのパッド又はベルトの研磨層と、そのパッド又はベルトのサブパッド層の縁との間にある頑丈な密封部を特徴とする。頑丈な密封部は、サブパッド層上に直接重合体を注型することにより達成される。サブパッド層の縁は、そのサブパッド層を注型重合体で覆った時、防水性及び耐スラリー性密封部の形成を促進する一つ以上の機能的特徴を含んでいてもよい。サブパッド層を重合体材料で包むことにより、研磨層とサブパッドの縁領域との間に頑丈な密封部を形成する方法も与えられている。
Patent JP-2005530069-A (JP)
IPC: E06B9/24
Filed: 2003-06-18
Abstract: An optical element (11) in the form of an at least partially transparent face comprises transparent areas and essentially non-transparent areas. The transparent areas are arranged sufficiently close for the intermediate and essentially non-transparent areas to be essentially invisible to the naked eye, at least when the element is viewed from a given distance. The essentially non-transparent areas are arranged sufficiently close and have a sufficient extent at right angles to the face for the intermediate, transparent areas to have such depth/width ratio that the optical element will, at a given point on the face, allow passage of light with given angles of incidence, while light having other angles of incidence are unable to pass the element at the point in question. Hereby an optical element is obtained that is able to better reduce the heating of the interior of a building that is caused by incoming solar radiation without the direct radiation and hence the view being blocked considerably.
Patent JP-2005536838-A (JP)
Title: ニュートラルデンシティフィルタを有するｃｒｔ
IPC: H01J29/89
Filed: 2003-08-07
Abstract: 新規なＣＲＴ（１０）及びそのＣＲＴを製造する方法について開示した。ＣＲＴは内部ニュートラルデンシティフィルタ（９０）を有し、このフィルタは蛍光体膜とフェースプレートパネル（１２）の内面の間に設けられる。フィルタは、ＣＲＴの中央対端部の輝度比を犠牲にすることなく、ＣＲＴのコントラストを強調する。フィルタは極めて微細な粒子からなり、その粒子は黒、灰、又は黒と灰の混色である。フィルタはフェースプレートパネルの吸収を２５乃至７５％抑制する。本発明は実質的に平坦なＣＲＴに対して特に有益である。新規なＣＲＴを製造する方法は、強分散された光吸収性炭素含有粒子のサスペンションを調製するステップを有し、この粒子は水溶液中で０．０５乃至２μｍの粒径で存在し、少なくとも１の蛍光体膜が付与される前に、サスペンションがフェースプレートパネルの内面に塗布される。サスペンションはさらに適当な有機及び無機バインダを含んでも良く、さらに分散剤や界面活性剤を含んでも良い。
Patent JP-2005537733-A (JP)
Title: テレテキスト受信機構成
IPC: H04N7/173
Filed: 2003-08-04
Abstract: テレテキスト受信機構成は、放送チャネル(8、9)を通じてテレテキストデータ要素を有する放送データを受信する受信機と、放送データからテレテキストデータ要素を抽出するテレテキストプロセッサ(12、13)と、一式の命令に従ってテレテキストデータ要素からカスタマイズされたテレテキストページを符号化する映像信号を生成するプロセッサ(13)とを有する。テレテキスト受信機構成は、相互作用チャネル(21)を通じてサーバ(7)と接続を確立するインタフェース(20)を有し、相互作用チャネル(21)を通じてサーバ(7)から一式の命令を実装するコンピュータコードをダウンロードするようにプログラムされる。
Patent JP-2005538777-A (JP)
Title: 人間工学に基づくタンポンアプリケータ
IPC: A61F13/26
Filed: 2003-09-10
Abstract: 【課題】 【解決手段】本発明は、プランジャと外筒部とを有する本発明の人間工学に基づいて改良されたタンポンアプリケータに関する。外筒部は、４つの部分、即ち、指把持部、逆テーパー部、主本体部、および挿入先端部を有する。逆テーパー部は、指把持部に向かってテーパーが付けられている。主本体部は、挿入先端部に向かって対向方向にテーパーが付けられている。外筒部で逆テーパー部と主本体部とが接触するところに、最大直径部が形成されている。この最大直径部は、アプリケータが膣中に適当な深さまで挿入されたときにそれを使用者に知らせるように使用者に感覚的な表示を与える。
Patent JP-2006500868-A (JP)
Title: 通信ネットワークにおいて制約されたユーザ・インタフェース
IPC: H04N21/436
Filed: 2003-09-24
Abstract: 通信システム（１０）において、アプリケーションを選択するためのユーザ・インタフェース（例えば、ハイパーリンク）の起動は、アプリケーションに影響を及ぼし得る１つまたはそれ以上の状態（条件）に依存する。各状態が、対応する閾値の範囲をはずれているかどうかを決定するために状態のモニタリング（監視）が行われる。もしはずれていれば、そのインタフェースは、部分的にまたは完全に制約される。