Patent GB-810975-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to radio antennae systems
Inventor: PARKER ERIC
IPC: G01S13/44
Filed: 1955-03-14
Abstract: 810,975. Pulse radar. DECCA RECORE CO. Ltd. March 12, 1956 [March 14, 1955], No 7439/55. Class 40 (7). In a height-finding pulse radar, the echo signals received by two vertically-spaced similar directional aerials 13, 14 are applied through range and azimuth gates to a phase discriminator producing two output voltages of amplitude proportional respectively to sin # and cos # or sin #/2 and cos #/2, where # is the phase difference between the signals received by the aerials 13, 14, said output voltages being applied (1) to the X and Y deflectors of an elevation C.R.T. to produce a radial trace whose angular position is proportional to the elevation of the target, Fig. 1, or (2) to the X and Y deflectors of a resolved P.P.I. C.R.T. display so that each P.P.I. response is elongated, the inclination thereof being proportional to elevation. As shown in Fig. 1, a transmitter 10 triggered by a pulse generator 12 is coupled to an aerial 11 producing a pencil beam which is inclined at an angle to the ground so that no reflections are produced by the ground. Two vertically spaced receiving aerials 13, 14 having parallel pencil beam patterns similar to that of the aerial 11 are coupled to a combiner 21 and to separate mixers 25, 26 which are also coupled to a common local oscillator 27. The aerial system is rotated in azimuth and the output from the combiner 21 is applied through a receiver 22 to a P.P.I, display 23. The I.F. outputs from the mixers 25, 26 are amplified at 28, 29, gated in range and Az in gates 30, 31 and applied to a phase discriminator 35 of the type disclosed in Specification 620,507 or 624,042, [both in Group XXXVI], producing two output signals of amplitude proportional to sin # and cos # which are applied respectively to the X and Y plates of a C.R.T. 38 to produce a radial trace, e.g. 51, Fig. 4, whose angular position indicates on a scale 54 the elevation of the target. The corresponding height of the target is displayed on an indicator 59 mechanically coupled to the range gate control 57 and to a control 56 which is set to align a pointer 55 with the trace; alternatively the separate range and Az gate controls may be replaced by a single joystick control. If the gains of amplifiers 28, 29 are matched, a simpler phase discriminator may be used comprising means for producing signals of amplitude proportional to cos #/2 and sin #/2 by taking the vector sum and difference of the outputs from amplifiers 28, 29 and phase shifting the sum output by 90 degrees to bring it into phase with the difference signal, the resultant signals being applied to the X and Y plates of the C.R.T. 38; if a spot indication is required the resultant signals may be rectified. In an arrangement, Fig. 6 (not shown), incorporating the type of phase discriminator, I.F. signals of amplitude proportional to cos #/2 and sin #/2 are applied to the fixed X and Y deflection coils of a resolved P.P.I. C.R.T. so that each displayed echo comprises a short intensified trace of length proportional to the amplitude of the received signal, the inclination of the trace indicating the elevation of the target and the radial distance of the trace indicating the range of the target, Fig. 7 (not shown). In a modification, Fig. 9 (not shown), the two receiving aerials are coupled to a waveguide hybrid junction producing R.F. sum and difference signals which are converted to corresponding I.F. signals of a common local oscillator; the transmitter is connected through a duplexer to the sum arm of the waveguide junction. Aerials.-The two vertically-spaced receiving aerials may comprise waveguide horns 19, 20, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 (not shown), backed by a paraboloidal reflector 15 having a horizontal non-reflecting partition 16 and instead of using a separate transmitting aerial the aerials 19, 20 may be energized in parallel during transmission. The vertical spacing of the aerials is such that the phase between received signals within the width of the beam does not exceed 2#. In a modification, Fig. 5, the reflector 65 is divided by a vertical partition 66 into a transmitting half and a receiving half which is divided into two quarters by a horizontal partition 67.