Patent GB-1226345-A (GB)
IPC: B60T8/42
Filed: 1967-11-24
Abstract: 1,226,345. Vehicle braking systems. MULLARD Ltd. 9 July, 1968 [24 Nov., 1967], No. 53600/67. Heading F2F. An anti-lock brake control system for a wheeled vehicle comprises an hydraulic pressure line for connection from a fluid-pressure source to a wheel brake controlled by the system, a leakage path from the brake to a reservoir to permit controlled escape of brake fluid during braking, a scavenging pump for scavenging fluid from the reservoir back to the source end of the line; means for driving the pump from the wheel or from an element provided to drive or be driven by the wheel, and limiting means for preventing or reducing further flow of fluid from the source to the brake, which limiting means are adapted to act in response to an increase in the volume of the fluid in the reservoir beyond a datum value. Fig. 4 illustrates diagrammatically the essential features of the invention. The source of hydraulic fluid is controlled by the driver and may be a master cylinder, optionally pneumatic servo-assisted. Under non-skid conditions the brake is applied by pressurized fluid, part of which escapes via a permanent leakage path L1 to a reservoir R. From the reservoir R the fluid is returned under pressure to the source by a scavenging pump P driven by an element D which is part of the wheel being braked or an element positively coupled to it. Thus the volume of fluid in the reservoir R is kept below a predetermined datum. If the wheel locks or tends to lock, the action of pump P is stopped or reduced, whereupon the volume of fluid in reservoir R increases, thereby forcing outwards a piston P to which is coupled a valve VI which partially or completely blocks the line, thus restricting or preventing further pressure build-up in the brake. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, fluid is supplied from the master cylinder to the brake via valve V1 which is normally kept open by a spring S1. Fluid leaking past a restrictor L1 accumulates in a reservoir C12 and pushes downwards a piston P3 into contact with a cam Cm rotating with the wheel hub. The cam, in turn, pushes the piston upwards so that the fluid is continuously withdrawn from the reservoir and delivered to the master cylinder line through valves V2, V3. When the wheel locks, P3 comes to rest, and the increased volume or pressure in reservoir C12 causes valve V1 to close. When the reservoir pressure falls sufficiently, valve V1 re-opens. Preferably, a further slow leakage path L2 is provided so that if valve VI inadvertently remains closed, brake pressure will be eventually restored through L2. Preferably, an upward extension of reservoir C12 is provided, as shown, and incorporates a vent V and contains a further spring-loaded piston P2. If the pump fails, or the restrictor L is closed (P2 being above the level of line F), fluid may pass from the reservoir along the line F to chamber C1 to permit V1 to open. Each of these preferred features allows braking when the vehicle is at rest. In the simplified embodiment of Fig. 3 (not shown), spring S1 is replaced by a small expansion chamber, the upward extension of reservoir C12 is also replaced by a small expansion chamber, and the leakage path L2 is provided between the master cylinder line and the reservoir. Fig. 2 (not shown), is a refinement of Fig. 1 in which piston P3 is double, and feeds an additional path between the reservoir and the " brake " side of valve VI.