baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent HU-183401-B (HU)
Inventor: KARABELYOS PETER
IPC: B32B3/10
Filed: 1981-05-08
Abstract: A találmány eljárás szilikátbázisú kismozaikok mozaiklap szőnyeggé történő előállítására. Az eljárás lényege, hogy a mozaikokat megfelelő sablon segítségével legfeljebb 140 cm széles u.n. textilüvegszálból készített rácsszövetre ragasztjuk ismert ragasztókkal, célszerűen 0,1-2,0 s% etanol-imino-diacetát-Zr, és/vagy Ti, és/vagy Sn komplexet tartalmazó műanyag diszperziókkal, melyeket természetes vagy mesterséges körülmények között a tapadás megszűntéig megszántunk. A rács-szövet elemi szálainak védelmét ellátó műanyag réteg ugyancsak tartalmazhat célszerűen 0,1-2,0 s%-ot az említett komplex(ek)ből. Az alkalmazott textilüvegszál rács-szövet legalább 15 g/m2 súlyú. Célszerű poli-vinil-acetát alkalmazása a rács-szövet merevítésére és a ragasztáshoz egyaránt. A mozaiklap szőnyeg a hordozóanyaggal — üvegszál rácsszövettel — együtt beépítésre kerülhet a kívánt falfelületre. A mozaikok — minták — szemrevételezése mindvégig biztosított. -1-
Patent HU-203790-B (HU)
Title: Enzymatic process for producing dipeptides
Inventor: THORBEK PIA
IPC: C07K1/00
Filed: 1988-02-15
Abstract: Dipeptides having the general formula      H-A-B-Y wherein A represents an optionally side-chain protected L- or D- alpha -amino acid or  omega -amino acid and B represents an optionally side-chain protected L- or D- alpha -aminocarboxylic acid which may be the same as or different from A, an L- or D-aminophosphonic acid or L- or D-aminosulfonic acid or the corresponding  omega -amino acids or salts and hydrates thereof, and Y is OH or a C-terminal blocking group, are prepared by reacting a substrate component, which is an amino acid derivative having the formula <CHEM> wherein A is as defined above, R<1> represents hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or aralkyl optionally substituted with inert substituents or an alpha -des-amino fragment of an amino acid, and R<2> and R<3> are the same or different and each represents hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or aralkyl optionally substituted with inert substituents, with a nucleophile component which when A = B may be formed in situ and is selected from     (a) L-amino acids having the formula        H-B-OH   (b) L-amino acid amides having the formula <CHEM> wherein B is an L-amino acid, and R<2> and R<3> have the above meaning, except that when R<2> represents hydrogen, R<3> may also represent hydroxy or amino   (c) L-amino acid esters having the formula        H-B-OR<4> wherein B is an L-amino acid, and R<4> represents alkyl, aryl or aralkyl, and (d) optionally acid group protected straight chain or branched amino phosphonic acids or amino sulfonic acids having the formula        NH2CxHzPO3H2 or NH2CxHzSO3H  wherein x is 1-6 and z is 2-12 in the presence of a serine or thiol carboxypeptidase from yeast or of animal, vegetable or other microbial origin, preferably CPD-Y from yeast in an aqueous solution or suspension having a pH value between 5 and 10.5 optionally containing an organic solvent and/or a salt, and then, if desired, cleaving a present side-chain protecting group or protective group Y and/or, if desired, converting the resulting dipeptide derivative to a salt or hydrate. The process allows for production of L,L-, LD-, DL- and DD-dipeptides without risk of racemization in a simple and economic manner.
Patent HU-207122-B (HU)
Title: Process for producing high-activity microbiological powder nutrient medium
Inventor: KUBANYI GEZA
IPC: C12P21/06
Filed: 1990-03-27
Abstract: High performance powdered microbiological nutrient is prepd. by pulverising a creamed meat mixt. of domestic animals esp. beef. The meat mixt. is prepd. by simultaneous application of phyto- and zoo-enzymes. - Following the addn. of de-ionised water the cream like mixt. is agitated at 40-60 pref. 50 rpm heated gradually to 40-60 pref. 50 deg. C. pH is set to 4-6 pref. to pH5. Tis is followed by further heating to 80-100 pref. 90 deg. C. pH is corrected if necessary. The mixt. is centrifuged and adsorbed, followed by clarifying filtration. pH is set to 7-8.5 pref. 7.5-7.6. Further adsorption and the soln. is heated to 110-130 pref. 120 deg. C. - The soln. is kept at this temp. for 10-30 pref. 20 mins., and then the soln.is cooled back to 65-85 deg. C. Following water removal at a rate of 10-30 kgs/hr., the mixt. is pulverised at 20000-26000 rpm. Pulverised nutrient is sieved, homogenised analysed, classified and package
Patent HU-193760-B (HU)
Title: Process for producing beta-lactame antibiotics and pharmaceutical and growth-controlling compositions containing them
Inventor: ANGERBAUER ROLF
IPC: A23K20/195
Filed: 1985-05-21
Abstract: Novel  beta -lactam antibiotics of the formula   <IMAGE>   in which R1, R2 and R3, which may be identical or different, denote a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl radical or a monocyclic or bicyclic, optionally substituted, carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, or R1 represents an optionally substituted alkyl radical or a monocyclic or bicyclic, substituted or unsubstituted, carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, and R2 and R3, together with the N(+) atom, form an optionally substituted monocyclic or polycyclic ring which can be saturated or unsaturated and can contain oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen as other hetero atoms, or R1, R2 and R3, together with the N(+) atom, form a bridged, optionally substituted polycyclic ring which can be saturated or unsaturated and can contain oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen as other hetero atoms, and R4 represents hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl or hydroxycarbonyl, lower alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, pseudohalogen or a group of the formula <IMAGE>   in which n denotes 0, 1 or 2, and B represents a direct bond, oxygen or a group   <IMAGE>  and A and W, independently of one another, represent hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl, or together form an optionally substituted carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring.
Patent HU-216107-B (HU)
IPC: F02D35/02
Filed: 1991-06-11
Abstract: A találmány a belső égésű mőtőr (2) győrsítása főlyamánlevegő–tüzelőanyag keveréket dúsító visszacsatőlt szabályőzásirendszert tartalmaz. Az üzemanyagőkat minőségük szerintmegkülönböztető vezérlőegység (38) megállapítja, hőgy a mőtőr (2)által felhasznált üzemanyag nehéz üzemanyag, ha a visszacsatőltszabályőzási rendszer által sőrőzatősan előállítőtt jelek azt jelzik,hőgy a megkísér lt győrsítás kezdetétől számítva a levegő–tüzelőanyagkeverék legalább egy előre meghatárőzőtt ideig szegény marad. ŕ
Patent HU-186537-B (HU)
Inventor: SZEKERES LASZLO
Filed: 1982-07-05
Abstract: A találmány tárgya ragasztó kompozíció, amely elsősorban bőrök ragasztására használható, A találmány szerinti kompozíció lágyítószert tartalmazó vizes polimer-diszperzió, amely polimerként egy sztirol-akrilát vagy akrilát alapú, komplex kötésű fémiont, előnyösen cinkiont tartalmazó polimert és 1 súlyrész polimerre számítva 0,01-0,5 súlyrész önmagában ismert lágyítót tartalmaz. A lágyító előnyösen tributoxielilfoszfát és etildiglikol 1:1,4 és 1:3 közötti súlyarányú keveréke I súlyrész polimerre számítva 0,1-0,2 súlyrész mennyiségben. A találmány szerinti kompozíció bőrök nagy szilárdságú és víznek ellenálló ragasztását teszi lehetővé. -1-
Patent HU-188939-B (HU)
Inventor: BENEDEK ANDOR
IPC: H03D3/24
Filed: 1983-08-08
Abstract: A találmány FM demodulátor kapcsolási elrendezés digitális jelátvitelhez. Az FM jelbemenetet (A) limiter (1) követi, melynek egyik kimenete közvetlenül, másik kimenete késleltető áramkörön (2) keresztül egy logikai áramkör (3) kimenete aluláteresztő szűrőre (4) kapcsolódik, melynek kimenete egyben az FM demodulátor kimenete (E) (1. ábra).  2 1 ábra
Patent HU-186117-B (HU)
Title: Process for preparing stable s-adenosyl-methionine derivatives
Inventor: GENNARI FEDERICO
IPC: C07H19/16
Filed: 1982-09-10
Abstract: New S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) salts of formula   <IMAGE> (I)  have been prepared in which R, R1, R2, m, n and A are as defined in the text. The methods of preparing the new products starting from SAM salts are described. The new products are stable and highly bioavailable, particularly when administered orally.
Patent HU-208358-B (HU)
Inventor: LAKATOS JANOS
IPC: E21F9/00
Filed: 1990-05-29
Abstract: A találmány tárgya kapcsolási elrendezés, előnyösen sújtólég- és robbanásveszélyes környezetben működtetett villamos berendezések gyújtószikramentes egyenfeszültségű energiaellátásához, amely váltakozó feszültségű feszültségforrásra csatlakozott egyenirányítót (2), ennek egyik kimeneti pontjára (B) - amely azonos a kapcsolási elrendezés első kimeneti pontjával - és másik kimeneti pontjára (C) párhuzamosan csatlakoztatott szűrőkondenzátort (3), a szűrőkondenzátor (3) csatlakoztatási pontjára (C) sorosan kapcsolt ellenállást (5) és szabályozót (4), a szabályozó (4) kimeneti pontjára (A) - mely azonos a kapcsolási elrendezés második kimeneti pontjával - és a kapcsolási elrendezés első kimeneti pontjára (B) kötött feszültségstabilizálót (7) tartalmaz. A találmány lényege abban van, hogy a váltakozó feszültségű feszültségforrás kimenete és az egyenirányító (2) bemenete közé sorosan első fojtótekercs (8) van iktatva, míg a szűrőkondenzátor (3) csatlakoztatási pontja (C) és az ellenállás (5) közé sorosan második fojtótekercs (9) van iktatva. HU 208 358 B A leírás terjedelme: 6 oldal (ezen belül 2 lap ábra)
Patent HU-186451-B (HU)
Inventor: BITSKEY JOZSEF
IPC: C02F3/32
Filed: 1981-12-19
Abstract: A találmány vizek, különösen felszín alatti, felszíni és szennyvizek ammónia és/vagy nitrát tartalmának eltávolítására 5 szolgáló eljárásra és azt megvalósító berendezésre vonatkozik. A találmány szerinti eljárás lényege, hogy a vízből az ammónia és/vagy nitrát eltávolítását alacsonyabb rendű, humán szem- 10 pontból apatogén élő gombatenyészettel végezzük, a gombákat szemcsés töltőanyagot tartalmazó biológiai reaktorba telepítjük és tápanyagok biztosítása mellett aerob körülmények között tartjuk. A mentesített 15 viz lebegőanyag tartalmát ülepítéssel és szűréssel, az oldott szerves anyagokat aktívszén adszorberrel távolítjuk el, a tisztított vizet fertőtlenítjük. Szennyvíz mentesítése esetén a szűrést és az aktívszén 20 szűrést elhagyjuk. Az eljárás kivitelezésére szolgáló berendezés felszíni vizek esetén egymás után kapcsolt előülepítőből, vegyszeradagolóból, szürófenékke) ellátóit szemcsés anyagot és ala- 25 csonyabb rendű, humán szempontból apatogén élő gombatenyészetet tartalmazó biológiai reaktorból, klóradagolóból, vegyszeradagolóból, flokkulálorból, utóülepítőből, szűrőegy- 2 ségből, aktívszén adszorberből és fertőtlenítőből áll. Felszín alatti vizek mentesítése esetén az előülepitő elhagyható; szennyvizek mentesítésére szolgáló berendezés biológiai reaktorból, ülepítőből és utóklórozóból áll. A találmány előnye, hogy az eddigi eljárásokhoz viszonyítva rövidebb idő alatt nagyobb mennyiségű ammónia és/vagy nitrát eltávolítást biztosít, nem juthatnak a fogyasztóhoz egészségre káros szervesanyagok, a reaktorban képződő gonibafelesleg fehérje forrásként hasznosítható, az eljárási megvalósító berendezés könnyen kivitelezhető.  186451 -1-
Patent HU-203223-B (HU)
Inventor: ORGOVANYI SANDORNE
IPC: C07C243/18
Filed: 1989-08-08
Abstract: A találmány gyógyszerkönyvi minőségű nagytisztaságú (I) képletű L-(-)-a-hidrazino-a-metil-(3,4-dihidroxi-fenil)-propionsav (carbidopa) új előállítási eljárására vonatkozik Az eljárás lényege, hogy a szintézishez a racém DL-a-amino-a-metil-(3,4-dimetoxi-fenil)-propionitril rezolválásával előállított L-(-)-a-amino-a-metil-(3,4-dimetoxi-fenil)-propionitril hidrolí- zisével készített L-(-)-a-amino- a-metil-(3,4-dimetoxi-fenil)-propionsavat alkalmaznak, A találmány szerinti eljárással a nemkívánatos melléktermékek képződését jelentős mértékben háttérbe szorítják és ily módon gyógyszerkönyvi minőségű (I) képletű vegyületet nyernek Az (I) képletű vegyület ismert dekarboxiláz-gátló hatású gyógyászati hatóanyag. no kO ca».- C- COOH t u- I. ábra HU 203223 A A leírás terjedelme: 8. oldal (ezen belül 5 ábra) -1-
Patent HU-192878-B (HU)
Title: Process for production of di-n-prophyl-amin
Inventor: TOTH LASZLO
Filed: 1984-11-09
Abstract: Di-n-propyl-amine is prepd. from propio-nitrile by catalytic hydrogenation with hydrogen contg. gas in inert solvents at a pressure of 1-6 MPa at 80-270 deg.C on catalysts contg. 5-50 wt.% nickel, while keeping the ratio of propionitrile gas to liq. in the range of 1.8-3.0 normal cubic metre per kg. The flow rate of the hydrogenation reaction is 0.4-0.8 litre propionitrile per litre catalyst per hr., the propionitrile contains 50-1000 mg per kg cycloalkane-diols, aromatic diols or mono- or di-esters of these with carboxylic acids with 1-4 carbons.
Patent HU-203428-B (HU)
Title: Gas-discharge lamp, hydrogen getter to the said lamp and method for obtaining the getter
Inventor: HURST DEREK PETER
IPC: H01J7/18
Filed: 1987-09-25
Abstract: A hydrogen getter for use within the arc tube assembly of a gas discharge lamp, eg a high pressure sodium discharge lamp, comprises a layer (11) of a getter material (eg Ti) sandwiched by diffusion bonding between layers (12, 13) of a hydrogen permeable material (eg Nb) there being an exposed region of the getter material. Hydrogen getters in the form of disc-like washers are formed from the sandwiched layers by a stamping process.
Patent HU-208122-B (HU)
Title: Process for producing pyrazole derivatives and pharmaceutical compositions comprising same
Inventor: MATSUO MASAAKI
IPC: A61P1/02
Filed: 1990-09-19
Abstract: A compound of the formula : <CHEM> wherein R<1> is aryl which may be substituted with substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, halogen, lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, lower alkylsulfinyl, lower alkylsulfonyl, hydroxy, lower alkylsulfonyloxy, nitro, amino, lower alkylamino, acylamino and lower alkyl(acyl)amino; or a heterocyclic group; R<2> is hydrogen; methyl substituted with amino, lower alkylamino, halogen or acyloxy; acyl; acylamino; cyano; halogen; lower alkylthio; lower alkylsulfinyl; or a heterocyclic group; and R<3> is aryl substituted with lower alkyl, lower alkylthio, lower alkylsulfinyl, halogen, amino, lower alkylamino, acylamino, lower alkyl(acyl)amino, lower alkoxy, cyano, hydroxy or acyl; or a heterocyclic group which may be substituted with lower alkylthio, lower alkylsulfinyl or lower alkylsulfonyl; with certain provisions, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, processes for their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions comprising them as an active ingredient.
Patent HU-205143-B (HU)
Title: Process for producing peptides having t cell suppressor activity and pharmaceutical compositions comprising same
Inventor: HEAVNER GEORGE
IPC: C07K5/11
Filed: 1989-09-13
Abstract: Peptides having the biological activity of the mole­cule human thymopentin, namely the ability to increase cGMP activity in human T-cell line CEM, have the formula 
R-Arg-X-Asp-Y-NR¹R² 
wherein 
R is H, lower alkyl, acetyl, formyl lower alkanoyl; 
X is Pro, dehydro-Pro, hydroxyl-Pro, D-Lys, Aib or Lys; 
Y is Gly or a D or L form of an amino acid selected from Val, Ala, Ile, Leu, Asp, Glu, Gln or Lys; 
R¹ is H and R² is lower alkyl or alkenyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, cyclic alkyl or alkenyl having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl or NHR³, where R³ is a lower alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, cyclic alkyl or alkenyl having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, or aryl; or 
R¹ and R² together comprise a methylene chain of 4 to 7 carbon atoms. 
     These peptides can be used in pharmaceutical compo­sitions for regulating a deficiency or excess of T-cell function in human subjects.
Patent HU-206271-B (HU)
Title: Process for producing pharmaceutical compositions against breast cancer, comprising somatostatin analog as active ingredient
Inventor: CAVANAK THOMAS
IPC: A61K/
Filed: 1988-07-08
Abstract: The invention relates to a pharmaceutical preparation containing a somatostatin analog and its use for treating breast cancer. The pharmaceutical preparation preferably contains lactic acid and is better tolerated locally by injection.
Patent IT-1208095-B (IT)
Title: Coated ceramic articles
Inventor: WALPOT BRUNO
IPC: C04B/
Filed: 1983-01-05
Granted: 1989-06-06
Abstract: The electrical heating apparatus for a corrosive fluid comprises a bar-type heating body (2) having its ends (3, 4) non-rotatably held in sealed relationship in passages (7, 8) in a connecting head (5) made from a fluoroplastic-based material. The heating body (2) has inner conductors (10) electrically connected to a connecting feed line (6) which is insulated so as to be resistant to the surrounding fluid and which is fitted non-rotatably in a further passage (9) in the connecting head (5) in sealed relationship. The heating body (2) can extend in a generally meander-like configuration (25-30). The whole of the heating body and the connecting head can be immersed in corrosive liquid
Patent IT-1198535-B (IT)
Title: Treating animal fibres to make them voluminous
Inventor: CASINI MARTA
IPC: D01F/
Filed: 1983-03-02
Granted: 1988-12-21
Abstract: The method obtains photographic images of selected areas or portions of Human Bodies, Animals, Fish, Birds, Insects Trees, Bushes, Flowers, Plants or Seeds and Psychic phenonema. An electro magnetic field is formed on which is carried the energy pattern of the area to be photographed on a film or photographic paper situated between the Positive and Negative conductor plates of the circuit. Changes in the electromotive force in the circuit are produced by an Infra red sensor exposed to the influence of the radiant energy emitted from the donor Body, via the introduction of the sample taken from the donor Body introduced to the Infra red sensor. The device can be battery or mains powered.
Patent LV-12617-B (LV)
Title: Mineral flaky filler for composites
Inventor: EFANOVA VERA VASILYEVNA
IPC: C08K3/00
Filed: 2000-10-18
Abstract: A mineral flaky filler for composites, produced by melting a starting mineral, shaping hard flaky vitreous particles from the melt, and subjecting such particles to thermochemical treatment in an oxidizing atmosphere until a crystal phase is developed. With an object of obtaining such a crystallinity-reactivity balance that would provide for quality consistant protective and ornamental coatings on large-size articles and structures preferably for use in the tropical climate and of producing a filler that would be commercially available at the step of the thermochemical treatment the flaky particles were treated at a temperature range of 680 to 850 C until at least 12 % by weight of the crystal phase and at least 7x1019 spin/cm3 of reactive paramagnetic centers were developed, and followed by air cooling.
Patent LV-13067-B (LV)
Title: Method for producing long-term storage premix
Inventor: RUBENS JURIS
IPC: A23K1/16
Filed: 2002-04-16
Abstract: This invention pertains to field of producing veterinary preparations and premixtures. The object matter of invention is to work out a method for producing long-term storage premixes. The offered premix is obtained from ecologically sound plants and has a powdered (trickling) form. The premix possesses a quality of phyto-antibiotics, bio-stimulators, antioxidants as well as hepatic-protection and immune-modulator quality. Premix contains vitamins and carotenoids, fungicides, fatty acids, terpenoids, isobienol and polyprenols. 	 The intention is achieved by using crushed bran (for example, rye bran), by using extracts of needles as biologically active substance. Components are mixed and obtained mixture is lyophilically dried until moisture content exceeds 12 - 14 % in weight. 	The following results were obtained by adding described premix to basic feed for broilers of experimental group (as compared to control-group that was fed with standard-feed only): - growth of live weight were risen of 6 %; - content of carotenoids and vitamin A in the broilers' blood increased of 10 %; - immunity indices were grown of 18 %.
Patent LV-12952-B (LV)
Title: Football projection device
Inventor: STURMANIS ALFREDS
IPC: A63B21/008
Filed: 2002-09-30
Abstract: The invention refers to the football, particularly to the ball projection device (fig.2), simulating football kicks along the certain trajectories with the preset intensity, characterised by that the device command and control system (fig.4), to increase the trainer operation safety, is provided with, at least, one of the following elements: - closing self-reset auxiliary contact (55), which is coupled with the closing self-reset auxiliary contact (56) and controls compress air inflow to the ball charger (5) pressure chamber (6); - closing self-reset auxiliary contacts (49 and 52), which are provided for consecutive triggering and are coupled with the hooter (50); - low tension circuit breaker (47) and current leakage differential relay (48), both inserted in the power line from the source (34), at that all the ball projecting device metal parts, which can turn out alive are grounded by connection to the power line neutral wire; - auxiliary contact (55), which prevent operating of the valve (13) if the auxiliary contact (56) is open and prevents compress air entering into the charger (5), till the pressure chamber (6) cap closure; - auxiliary contacts (49 and 52), which are disposed on the handle bar (19) different places, at that they are flush-mounted preventing the trainer erroneous or unintentional operation.
Patent LV-13215-B (LV)
Title: Precast metallic boring pile (anchor)
Inventor: ARHIPOVS ALBERTS
IPC: E02D5/56
Filed: 2004-04-14
Abstract: Invention can be used for anchorage of enveloping structures of excavations, as well as for underpinning of the buildings being distorted and for installation of a pile field for lightweight buildings and constructions, radio masts and towers of power transmission lines, i.e. in the foundations, which are under alternate load. The helical reinforcing bar, on which the blade is screwed on, is used as the body of helical boring pile (anchor). The axial batter/toothing is made along all side surface of the reinforcing bar body. The continuous batter along whole coupling length is made inside the internal ring of locking couplers too. Assembly of the built-up helical boring pile (anchor) is made as follows: the upper locking coupler is screwed on the body on; after that the blade and lower locking coupler are succesively screwed on. The locking couplers are secured by wedges. When couplers are screwed on, it is necessary to observe conditions that batters of the reinforcing bars and of locking couplers match together. In case of need the couplers are wedged out by special wedges. Elongation of reinforcing bars of anchoring pile is also carried out by means of said couplers. In such a manner the anchoring pile of any length is obtained fully built-up, what allows using them in any space-limited environment. Besides that, absence of welding joints allows to increase the load-bearing capacity of the anchoring pile.
Patent LV-13190-B (LV)
Title: Indirectly prestressed, concrete, roof-ceiling construcition with flat soffit
Inventor: SKENDZIC MILOVAN
IPC: E04B7/02
Filed: 2004-04-23
Abstract: The indirectly prestressed concrete roof-ceiling construction is prefabricated element for constructing industrial large-span buildings. The construction comprises distinctly wide and thin concrete soffit plate (1) and upper concrete girder (2), of the inverse ôVö-shaped cross section, interconnected by slender steel pipe-rods (3) that are used to stabilize the upper girder (2) against lateral buckling and to prevent parts (1) and (2) to get closer or apart each to another. Prestressing of the soffit plate (1) causes compression in the upper girder (2) which passively (indirectly) pushes the ends of the construction, acting on some eccentricity over the center of gravity of the cross section, causing rotation of its ends bending in that way the soffit plate upwards. There are two efficient methods of prestressing these constructions.