Patent GB-969139-A (GB)
Title: Levelling and stripping agents
IPC: D06P5/13
Filed: 1962-12-20
Abstract: Sulphonium compounds having a cation of the following formula are prepared and used as dye levelling and stripping agents (see Division D1): <FORM:0969139/C1/1> in which R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, which may be the same or different, are hydrogen atoms or alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl or aryl radicals, which can also contain other atoms or groupings, such as O or S atoms or -OH or -COOH groups, R7 is an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl or aryl radical, which can also contain other atoms or groupings, as above, n is 1-50 and p and q, which may be the same or different, are 0-20. In the examples (1) 3, 5, 5-trimethylhexan -1- ol and 2, 4, 4-trimethylhexan -1- ol were heated with di-b -hydroxyethyl sulphide and phosphoric acid in a CO2 atmosphere.  The thioether obtained was ternised to yield the compound <FORM:0969139/C1/2> where n is 1-3 (other ternising agents are specified), (2) analogously from 3,5,5-trimethylhexanol and b -hydroxyethyl sulphide the compound <FORM:0969139/C1/3> where m is 0-3 and n is 1-3, in place of the alcohol used n-hexanol may be substituted, (3) as in (2) using 2-ethyl-hexanol as the alcohol, (4) analogously to <FORM:0969139/C1/4> is produced in which the S atoms are ternised to an extent of 60% and n is 15-25, (5) as in (2) using di -b - hydroxypropyl sulphide as the sulphide, (6) (a) from cetyl alcohol and di -b - hydroxyethyl sulphide the compound <FORM:0969139/C1/5> and (6) similarly from mixed fatty alcohols the compound <FORM:0969139/C1/6> wherein both (a) and (b), n is 1-3 and R1 and R2 are C12 to C14 alkyl radicals, are obtained. Specifications 895,674 and 958,275 are referred to.ALSO:Dyeings on fibres or foils of acrylonitrile and dicyanoethylene polymers and copolymers are levelled or stripped by using sulphonium compounds containing one or more groupings of the formula <FORM:0969139/D1-D2/1> in which R1, R2 and R3 which may be the same or different are mono- or poly-valent aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic radicals which can also contain other atoms or groupings such as O or S atoms or -OH and -COOH groups. Especially suitable are compounds of the formula <FORM:0969139/D1-D2/2> in which R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R8, R9, R10 and R11 which may be the same or different are H atoms or alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl or aryl radicals which can also contain hetero atoms or groupings as above, R7 is the same but may not be a hydrogen atom, n is a number 1-50 and p and q, which may be the same or different, are numbers 0-20.  The sulphonium compounds may be added to the dye-bath or may be applied subsequent to dyeing.  The polymers or copolymers to be dyed may also contain other comonomers, e.g., acrylic and methacrylic acid esters and amides, methacrylonitrile, styrene, styrene sulphonic acid, vinyl sulphonic and phosphonic acids.  Suitable basic dyestuffs are those containing amino, ammonium or cycloammonium groups from the triarylmethane, polymethine, azomethine, hydrazomethine, azine, thiazine, oxazine, azo and anthraquinone dyestuff series. Examples are given in which a number of sulphonium compounds are employed to level or slightly reduce the intensity of dyeings of polyacrylonitrile fabrics typical of which are <FORM:0969139/D1-D2/3> in which n is 1-3, <FORM:0969139/D1-D2/4> in which m is 0-3 and n is 1-3, <FORM:0969139/D1-D2/5> in which n is 1-3, and <FORM:0969139/D1-D2/6> ternised to an extent of 60% and in which n is 15-25. Specifications 895,674 and 958,275 are referred to.