Patent GB-715115-A (GB)
Title: Process of direct justification for typewritten texts and typewriters for the performance of this process
IPC: B41J19/64
Filed: 1951-02-15
Abstract: 715,115. Typewriters &c. LEGLISE, P. Feb. 15, 1951 [March 17, 1950], No. 3668/51. Class 100 (4) In an end-of-line justifying typewriter wherein the first part of the line is typed in the usual manner and justification is effected in a terminal segment (comprising e.g. 20 normal letter spaces) by contraction or expansion of the text, a first member, longitudinally adjustable and fixed to the frame of the machine, is engaged by a second member, carried by the escapement rack or the carriage of the machine, when the escapement rack reaches a predetermined position, to cause either, both the platen and carnage or the platen only to have a differential sliding motion of pre-selected amplitude and direction in relation to the escapement rack of said machine and causing the justification on the terminal segment. In the embodiments described, texts comprising 16-24 character spaces &c. are justified into a normal 20 letter-space terminal segment by giving a movement to the platen 21 relative to that of the escapement held rack Cr. The platen carriage Ch may be integral with either the platen or the rack in any of the various embodiments so that justifying mechanisms to be described may be fitted either on the carriage plus platen assembly or on the carriage plus rack block causing relative movements to the rack or platen respectively. In an example described with regard to Figs. 8 and 9 the first member in the form of a rectilinear guide 57 pivoted at 58 on a piece 68, is slidably adjusted and locked by a latch 63-64, on a margin stop rack 69 so that the commencement 58 of the guide 57 is coincident with the commencement of the terminal segment. The second member is in the form of a touching-rod 32 displaced according to the inclination of the guide 57. The rod 32 carries a slider 30 having an oblique slot 29 in which travels a pin 28 fixed to an arm 26. The end of the arm 26 carries a catch-pin 25 engaging in a groove 24 of the platen 21 so that as the touching rod 32 is displaced the action of the slot 29 on the pin 28 will effect a leftward or rightward movement of the platen 21 according to whether the guide 57 inclines upwardly or downwardly. The parts 29-30 forming the transmission means may be fixed to (a) the escapement rack, (b) the platen plus carriage block with suitable connection of the arm to the rack or (c) to carriage plus rack block. The inclination of the guide, which may also take the form of a grooved or slotted rod, is set according to the amount of contraction or extension required, by locating a catch 60a in one of the notches 62 in an arc 61 attached to the piece 68. The notches marked +IV to -IV correspond to whether the terminal text has to be increased or decreased by four character spaces. The positions of the notches are determined in the manner indicated on Fig. 23 (not shown). The manner in which the touching rod 32 transmits its displacements to effect displacements of the platen relative to the rack may be arranged (a) as shown in Fig. 11, in which the gear wheels 35-37 may be of fixed ratio to give equal, greater or less movements to the arm 26, (b) by slotted bell-crank mechanisms, (c) by a helically grooved sleeve arrangement, or (d) by a simple lever action. The means for adjusting the relative movement between the platen plus carriage assembly and the rack, instead of being part of the first member or rectilinear guide 57 attached to the margin stop rack, may be incorporated in the second member with the guide 57 fixed at a constant inclination. Fig. 24 shows one example in which the pin 28 of the touching rod 32 reciprocates in a slot 29 in a disc 37 carried by a slider 30 moving in a frame 31. The disc 37 can be rotated to vary the inclination of the slot. The slot may also be formed on a rotatable arm which can be located in notches in a sector integral with the arm 26. The arm 26 and sector may be mounted on (a) the platen 21, (b) the carriage plus platen assembly, (c) carriage pius rack block or, (d) the rack, and the touching rod and the frame 31 carried on the corresponding relatively moving system viz carriage plus rack block, rack, platen or carriage plus platen assembly respectively. In the second type of justifier described with reference to Figs. 42-61 of which Figs. 51 and 58 only are shown, the justifying means comprises a justifying lever L which is pivotally mounted at 0 on (a) carriage plus rack block, (b) the rack, (c) the platen or (d) platen plus carriage assembly. This lever L contacts an actuating stop B adjustable along the margin stop rack 69 so that the lever L is engaged at the commencement of the terminal segment. When letter-spacing now occurs the lever L pivots, and in the embodiment shown in Fig. 51, in which the lever L is mounted on the rack Cr, a groove or slot G engages a pin member A adjustably mounted on a notched rod T fixed to the carriage. According to whether the pin member A is above or below the pivot of the lever L, contraction or extension movement is imparted to the carriage relative to the rack. The pin member A may be mounted on a slider C to which is attached a flat spring l engaging the notches +IV to -IV; alternatively, the pin A may be formed at the end of a flat bar and slide in a slot in the rod T. In such embodiments (Figs. 53-57 not shown) the spring l is mounted on the rod T and urges the flat bar, which is notched with the adjustment settings IV to -IV, into a locating pin on the rod T. Further, the lever L and the rod T may be formed of channel section, Fig. 58, with the pin A adjustable by a rod T<SP>1</SP>. The pivot 0 for the lever L is mounted, by four screws and blocks u; to the back of the channel, and the boss h of the pivot is located in a bearing hole D<SP>1</SP> in the rack Cr. In a third type of justifying mechanism described with reference to Figs. 62 to 81, of which Figs. 67, 79 and 81 only are shown, the justifying lever L is pivotally fixed to a slider C, Fig. 81, adjustable along the margin stop rack 69 and the relative movement between the carriage rack Cr and the platen carriage Ch is derived by the engagement of the rack Cr and carriage Ch at different points of the lever L. Up to the commencement of the terminal segment, the rack and platen are locked together by a locking-pin e, Fig. 67, on a rocking-bar pivoted (e.g. in the embodiment shown in Figs. 79, 81) on the rack Cr. When the rod T, slidably adjustable on the platen plus carriage assembly, approaches the commencement of the terminal segment the pin e is depressed and a back-support finger d rises to engage the rear of the lever L so that when the point P on the rod T, which is part of the carriage assembly, now moves the finger d, the rack Cr will move to a different extent. With the rod T slidingly set in a guide g to engage notch -IV the lever L moves from a line passing through a point marked "zero" on the axis X-X to a line O-M; it will be seen that while the point P associated with the carriage Ch travels horizontally from zero letter space (point S) to 19+P, the finger d associated with the rack Cr travels only from zero to 15+P. The increment y in this and previously described embodiments indicates the actual position in which printing takes place when using escapement mechanisms in which letter spacing is split into two movements, one before, and one after printing. The rod T has flanges T1 and T2 which ensure that the pin e is depressed for each adjustment in the guide g and whilst it moves relatively to the rod T during justification. The positions of the rod T and the finger d may be interchanged as in the embodiments relating to the two types previously referred to.