Patent GB-1067741-A (GB)
Title: Inverters
Inventor: NOLAN ROGER WILLIAM
IPC: H02M7/517
Filed: 1963-03-21
Abstract: 1,067,741. Transistor pulse circuits. JOSEPH LUCAS (INDUSTRIES) Ltd. March 12, 1964 [March 21, 1963], No. 11212/63. Heading H3T. [Also in Division H2] One inverter includes gate-controlled switches i.e. semi-conductor elements similar to SCR's but capable of being switched off as well as on by gate-cathode pulses. Such elements are disclosed in Specification 1,031,451. As shown in Fig. 1, two such elements 36, 37 are connected to the ends of a centre-tapped primary winding 38 of a transformer feeding a load 40. Switch-on pulses are derived from a multi-vibrator M whose outputs are connected to the bases of transistors 29, 31 which deliver anti-phase square waves to the gates of switches 36, 37 (see Fig. 2(a) and (b)). The outputs of the multivibrator also trigger a blocking oscillator B through capacitors 51, 52, the output of this oscillator being amplified by transistor 55 to provide in the secondary winding 62 of a transformer 58, narrow negative pulses (Fig. 2(c)) which are applied to the gates of the switches 36, 37 through diodes 65, 66. In operation, assuming switch 37 is on and switch 36 off then a pulse as shown in Fig. 2(a) would tend to switch 36 on but cannot do so by the pulse of Fig. 2(c) present at the same time. However, this pulse does turn the switch 37 off. At the end of the narrow pulse the switch 36 is turned on and the operation proceeds to give an output as shown in Fig. 2(d). Diodes 42, 43 prevent the ends of the primary winding going more negative than the negative supply line. Diodes 64 prevent the turn-on pulses being short-circuited through the winding 62, and diodes 65, 66 prevent these pulses passing to both gates simultaneously. Capacitors 67, 68 reduce the amplitude of the turn-off pulses. In a modification (Fig. 3, not shown) the square waves are symmetrical about zero voltage and the narrow pulses are of smaller amplitude. Thus the negative halves of the square waves contribute to the switching off currents. The gate circuits are consequentially modified by the inclusion of a diode and resistor in parallel so that the amplitudes of positive and negative half-waves may be different. In a further embodiment incorporating the latter (Fig. 4) the control circuit comprises an oscillator A, a generator C operated by the oscillator A and producing pulses for holding the switches off and a generator E controlled by a generator D which in turn is controlled by the oscillator A, the generator E producing pulses for turning the switches on and off. In the oscillator A a stable voltage across a Zener diode 77 is applied to a series circuit of resistors 78, 79 and four layer diode 81, which diode is shunted by a capacitor 82 and resistor 83. The capacitor charges until the diode breaks down when the capacitor discharges through the diode and the diode becomes non-conducting. This cycle is repeated. The output is applied to the generator C which is a blocking oscillator having two output windings 87, 88. The winding 87 is connected to the gate-cathode circuit of switch 36 via a Zener diode 89, a diode 91 and a diode 92. The winding 88 is similarly connected to switch 37. Generator C provides pulses which prevent a switch being turned on until the other switch is off (Fig. 5(a), not shown). Generator D is a blocking oscillator providing very narrow pulses (Fig. 5(c) not shown) which are applied to the bases of transistors 99, 101 in the square wave generator E. When such a pulse is applied both transistors are biased to cut-off. At the end of the pulse by virtue of a capacitor 106, which is connected with a winding 105 on the output transformer of the generator, that transistor which was previously off is turned on. An output (Fig. 5(c), not shown) is derived from windings 107; 108 and applied to the gates of the switches, the final inverter output being a stepped square wave (Fig. 5(d)). The diodes 91, 94, are equivalent to diodes 65, 66; the Zener diodes 89, 93 prevent the output 5(c) being short-circuited by windings 87, 88; and the diodes 92, 95 prevent hold-off pulses being applied to the gates.