Patent GB-366340-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of agents for wetting, emulsifying, equalising, dispersing, washing and softening
Filed: 1931-04-01
Abstract: Sulphonated ester products, which are stated to be dispersing and emulsifying agents, are obtained by esterifying an aliphatic carboxylic acid anhydride or chloride, containing at least ten carbon atoms in the molecule, with a hydroxy fatty acid or derivative thereof containing at least ten carbon atoms, and subjecting the product to sulphonation.  In modifications, the esterification and sulphonation are effected simultaneously, and when the esters are unsaturated the sulphonation may be effected by treatment with a bisulphite.  In examples: (1) castor oil is condensed with oleic acid chloride and the resulting ester sulphonated with sulphuric acid; the product may be used in preparing oil emulsions: (2) the saturated acids obtained by oxidation of paraffin are treated with chlorsulphonic acid, whereby they are converted to acid chlorides, and sulphuric acid is liberated; the mixed product is reacted with castor oil: (3) a similar product is obtained by proceeding as in the previous example but adding oleum in the sulphonating step: (4) oleic acid is used instead of the acids obtained by the oxidation of paraffin in a process similar to example 2: (5) the ester obtained by condensing castor oil with oleic acid chloride is treated with aqueous sodium bisulphite after being neutralized with ammonia: (6) oleic acid chloride is treated with a -hydroxystearic acid amide and is then sulphonated with chlorsulphonic acid. Ricinoleic acid, di- and tri-hydroxystearic acids are also mentioned as suitable starting materials.ALSO:Sulphonated ester products, which are stated to be wetting, equalizing, dispersing, emulsifying, washing, and softening agents, are obtained by esterifying an aliphatic carboxylic acid anhydride or chloride containing at least ten carbon atoms in the molecule, with a hydroxy fatty acid or derivative thereof containing at least ten carbon atoms, and subjecting the product to sulphonation.  In modifications, the esterification and sulphonation are effected simultaneously, and when the esters are unsaturated the sulphonation may be effected by treatment with a bisulphite.  In examples: (1) castor oil is condensed with oleic acid chloride and the resulting ester sulphonated with sulphuric acid.  The product may be used in dyeing, washing, and preparing oil emulsions: (2) the saturated acids obtained by oxidation of paraffin are treated with chlorosulphonic acid, whereby they are converted to acid chlorides, and sulphuric acid is liberated. The mixed product is reacted with castor oil; (3) a similar product is obtained, which is stated to foam well, by proceeding as in the previous example but adding oleum in the sulphonating step; (4) oleic acid is used instead of the acids obtained by the oxidation of paraffin in a process similar to that of example (2); (5) the ester obtained by condensing castor oil with oleic acid chloride is treated with aqueous sodium bisulphite after being neutralized with ammonia; (6) oleic acid chloride is treated with a -hydroxystearic acid amide and is then sulphonated with chlorsulphonic acid.  The product may be used as a scrooping agent. Ricinoleic acid, di- and tri-hydroxystearic acids are also mentioned as suitable starting materials.