Patent GB-443487-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to agents for modifying the surface tension of liquids
Filed: 1934-08-22
Abstract: Compositions for use as wetting, foaming, dispersing, and dissolving agents comprise a non-aromatic compound stable to lime containing an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic residue with at least six carbon atoms and a water solubilizing group, salts of phosphoric acids of lower water content than orthophosphoric acid and aromatic sulphonic acids. The water solubilizing groups are the sulphonic, N-sulphonic, sulphonic and quaternary ammonium groups, the sulphuric, phosphoric and thiosulphuric ester groups, groups formed by the addition of acids to amino groups, carboxylic groups when the compounds also contain higher alkyloxy or mercapto groups and accumulations of poly, oxy or polyether groups.  In the case of the higher aliphatic compounds, the water solubilizing group occupies the a , b  or g position.  The compositions may be used in conjunction with alkali carbonates, trisodium phosphate, water glass, alkali metasilicates, borax, alkali borates, acid sodium sulphate, hydrogen peroxide, perborates and other per-compounds, hydrocarbons, alcohols, superfatting agents, enzymes and also as constituents of polishing and cleansing agents.  They may be used in paste or cream form, e.g. in cosmetic preparations, creams and soaps.  In examples: (1) a cleansing agent comprises sodium sulphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, b  - naphthalenesulphonate and the sodium salt of crude dodecyl sulphuric ester; (2) a washing agent comprises sodium benzene sulphonate, sodium polyphosphate (Na6P4O13), sodium perborate and the sodium salts of the sulphonated mixture of alcohols obtained from coconut fatty acids; (3) a cleansing agent comprises tetrasodium pyrophosphate, sodium b  - naphthalenesulphonate, sodium sulphate, sodium perborate and n-octylcyclohexanol (obtained by condensing caprylchloride with phenol and hydrogenating the resulting p-hydroxyphenylheptylketone); (4) an aqueous solution comprises tetrasodium pyrophosphate, sodium a -naphthalenesulphonate, sodium sulphate and the sodium salts of the sulphonated products obtained by condensing o-cresol with cracked benzine and hydrogenating the resulting alkylcresols; a washing agent is obtained by atomizing the solution; the alkylcresols may be replaced by the condensation product of o-cresol with chlormethylnaphthalene; (5) an aqueous solution of sodium cetylsulphate, sodium octadecyl sulphate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium a -naphthalenesulphonate, sodium sulphate and the sodium salt of the product obtained from chlormethylnaphthalene and o-cresol by hydrogenation and sulphonation of the condensation product, is dried by atomization; (6) a washing or rinsing agent comprises sodium pyrophosphosphate, sodium b -naphthalenesulphonate, sodium sulphate or sodium carbonate and the product obtained from chlormethylnaphthalene and o-cresol used in example 5.  Alkali salts of C-alkylbenzimidazolsulphonic acids, sodium salts of oleylmethyltaurine, sodium salts of high molecular glycerol other sulphuric esters and the sodium salt of the sulphuric ester of sperm oil olein alcohol may be used in the above examples as the lime stable soluble non-aromatic compounds. Iso-propyl and isobutyl naphthalenesulphonic acids, 1 - chlorbenzene - 4 - sulphonic acid, 1 - nitrobenzene - 3 - sulphonic acid a 1 : a 3-anthracenedisulphonic acid and phenanthrene sulphonic acid are mentioned as aromatic sulphonic acids which may be used.  The following lime stable non-aromatic compounds are specified: sulphuric, phosphoric and thiosulphuric esters of fatty, resin and naphthenic alcohols, partially etherified or esterified mono or poly glycols or glycerols, sulphones having hydroxy lower alkyl and higher alkyl residues as substituents, and of lower aliphatic hydroxy carboxylic acids esterified by higher aliphatic or cycloaliphatic residues, higher alkyl esters of sulphocarboxylic acids, e.g. of sulphoacetic acid, carbonic acid esters and urethanes containing water solubilizing groups and higher aliphatic or cycloaliphatic residues, thiodiglycollic n-octylester, partially esterified or etherified sugars and sugar alcohols and products obtained by treating alcohols, sugar or sugar alcohols with alkylene oxides (cf. Specification 409,030).  Specification 431,682 also is referred to. p ALSO:Compositions for use as dispersing-agents comprise a non-aromatic compound containing an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic residue with at least six carbon atoms and a water solubilizing group, salts of phosphoric acids of lower water content than orthophosphoric acid and aromatic sulphonic acids.  The water solubilizing groups are the sulphonic, sulphinic and quaternary ammonium groups, the sulphuric, phosphoric and thiosulphuric ester groups, groups formed by the addition of acids to amino groups, carboxylic groups and accumulations of polyoxy or polyether groups. The compositions may be used in conjunction with alkali carbonates, trisodium phosphate, water glass, alkali metasilicates, borates, acid sodium sulphate, hydrogen peroxide and per-salts, hydrocarbons, alcohols, superfatting agents, enzymes and also as constituents of soaps, cleansing agents and cosmetic preparations.  The following lime stable nonaromatic compounds are specified: sulphuric, phosphoric and thiosulphuric esters of fatty, resin and naphthenic alcohols, partially etherified and/or esterified mono or polyglycols or glycerols, sulphones having lower hydroxyalkyl and higher alkyl residues as substituents, and of lower aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acids esterified by higher aliphatic or cycloaliphatic residues, higher alkyl esters of sulphocarboxylic acids, carbonic esters and urethanes containing water solubilizing groups and higher aliphatic or cycloaliphatic residues, thiodiglycollic-n-octylester, partially esterified or etherified sugars and sugar alcohols, products obtained by treating alcohols or sugar or sugar alcohols with alkylene oxides. C-alkylbenzimidazolsulphonic acids, oleylmethyl taurine and sperm oil olein alcohol sulphuric ester.  Isopropyl and isobutylnaphthalene sulphonic acids, 1 - chlorbenzene sulphonic acid, 1 - nitrobenzene - 3 - sulphonic acid and anthracene and phenanthrene sulphonic acids may be used as the aromatic sulphonic acids.