baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-680335-A (GB)
Title: Extraction of chrysene from pitch
IPC: C10C1/04
Filed: 1949-05-24
Abstract: Chrysene is extracted from pitch by distillation to give a pitch distillate and hard pitch residue, the distillate then being fractionally distilled in vacuo and a fraction collected which has a solidification point of not less than 175 DEG  C.  The first runnings are rejected until a sample has the required solidification point and collection continued until the solidifying point of a sample drops to 175 DEG  C.  The chrysene is then recovered from this fraction by crystallizing from a solvent, e.g. a methyl-naphthalene oil.  The chrysene fraction may be directly received in the solvent.  The crystallized chrysene may be further purified by sulphonation, preferably in a methyl-naphthalene oil and at a temperature not exceeding 100 DEG  C. After removing the products of sulphonation the chrysene is crystallized out by cooling the solution and, if desired, may be further purified by further crystallization.  An example is given in which 400 kg. of chrysene having a melting point of 240-245 DEG  C. are recovered from 6000 kg. of a pitch distillate.ALSO:Chrysene is extracted from pitch by distillation to give a pitch distillate and a hard pitch residue, the distillate then being fractionally distilled in vacuo and a fraction collected which has a solidification point of not less than 175 DEG C.  The first runnings are rejected until a sample has the required solidifying point and collection continued until the solidifying point of a sample drops to 175 DEG C.  The chrysene is then recovered from this fraction by crystallizing from a solvent, e.g. a methylnaphthalene oil.  The chrysene fraction may be directly received in the solvent. The crystallized chrysene may be further purified by sulphuration, preferably in a methyl-naphthalene oil and at a temperature not exceeding 100 DEG C.  After removing the products of sulphuration the chrysene is crystallized out by cooling the solution and if desired may be further purified by further crystallization.  An example is given in which 400kg. of chrysene having a melting point of 240 to 245 DEG C are recovered from 6000kg. of a pitch distillate.
Patent GB-1535427-A (GB)
Title: Electrophotographic printing machine
IPC: G03B27/52
Filed: 1976-04-06
Abstract: 1535427 Half-tone electro-photography XEROX CORP 6 April 1976 [10 April 1975]  13904/76 Heading G2X An electro-photographic machine having a photoconductive member includes an optical half-tone screen positionable adjacent to the photo-conductive member in an operative position, means for adjusting the spacing between the screen and photoconductive members and a cleaning member for removing contaminants from the screen member during relative movement therebetween. As shown, Fig.4, the screen 28 and a neutral density filter 86 are mounted on a housing 74 so that the screen may be rotated from its operative position shown past cleaning brush to its inoperative position, filter 86 is simultaneously moved into its operative position adjacent xerographic drum 10. This assembly may be position in the imaging light beam or used to expose the drum before or after the imaging beam. The machine may be a multi-colour electrostatic copier.
Patent GB-147327-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in safes and in the manufacture of same
IPC: E05G1/00
Filed: 1919-06-02
Abstract: 147,327. Titterton, F., and Griffin, A. J. June 2, 1919. Safes.-The inner lining of safes is constructed separately and in such mannes that it may be inserted and interlocked with the frame around the door opening. As shown in F: g. 1, the lining consists of a main portion a, constituting the back and sides, and separate top and bottom plates b, c. The sides of the portion a are formed along the front edges with internal bolt-receiving channels d and outwardly-directed flanges e, adapted to be interlocked, as shown in Fig. 5, with projections i on the door-frame f. After the main portion a has been thus interlocked with the frame, the top and bottom plates b, c, are slid into position along the channels j, and the flanges e, k of the lining parts are secured to the projections i of the frame by rivets or screws. Specification 147,328 is referred to.
Patent GB-1443854-A (GB)
Title: Refrigerated biscuit dough
IPC: A21D6/00
Filed: 1974-03-29
Abstract: 1443854 Refrigerated dough PILLSBURY CO 29 March 1974 [2 April 1973] 13965/74 Heading A2B Refrigerated dough comprises (a) 43-53 parts by wt. of farinaceous material containing 8.5- 10.5% wheat protein (b) 12-21 parts of shortening of which 6-12 parts is in the form of discrete chips and 6-11 parts is a plastic shortening (c) water to provide a machinable dough and (d) a chemical leavening. The dough can be stored for art least 45 days and has an Extensigraph value for maximum resistance to extension of less than 1000 Brabender Units and a maximum extension of less than 100 mm, and has a #BU/BU max  of 0.20-0.45 calculated from Farinagraph viscosity data. Tine shortening is sufficiently melted at 100-120‹F to prevent waxy mouth feel. The plastic shortening contains 10-35% solids at 60‹F, and the chip shortening greater than 55% solids. The farinaceous material-water ratio may be 1.6 to 2.0. The farinaceous material may be soft wheat flour. The dough may additionally contain 0 to 5 parts by wt. milk solids, 0 to 2 parts salt, and 0 to 4 parts sugar, and may be formed into pieces having at least 4 layers. If the soft wheat flour used contains less than 8.5% protein it is fortified by adding air classified protein rich soft wheat flour, hard wheat flour, or vital wheat gluten. Preferred shortenings are hydrogenated soy and cotton seed oil. Instead of water per se products having a high water content such as milk o'r buttermilk may be added in step (c) above. The preferred chemical leavening is a mixture of sodium acid pyrophosphate, sodium aluminium phosphate and sodium bicarbonate, and it comprises 1.5 to 3.5 parts by wt. of the dough. Other substances that can be included are milk protein (e.g. Na or Ca caseinate, lactalbumin, non-fat dry milk, buttermilk or whey solids) egg albumin, soy or cottonseed protein, in amounts up to 5 parts by wt., potassium sorbate as dough conditioner, flavourings and colourings, nutrient supplements, preservatives, antioxidants and reducing agents.
Patent GB-1423864-A (GB)
Title: Energy absorbing device
IPC: B60R19/30
Filed: 1973-03-22
Abstract: 1423864 Vehicle bumpers GENERAL TIRE & RUBBER CO 22 March 1973 [5 May 1972] 13967/73 Heading B7J [Also in Division F2] A spring for mounting between a car and its bumper has telescoping tubes 41, 42, Fig. 5, or 11, 12, Fig. 2, and a coaxial elastomer tube 46 or tubes 20, 21, 22, of polygonal cross-section, between stops 43, 44 or 13, 14 on the tubes, to limit the telescoping movement and absorb energy, when the spring is subjected to axial impact, by buckling to bulge outwardly. For the elastomer tube 21 the ratio of the crosssectional area to length is about one and the ratio of length to wall thickness is from 5 to 6 : 1. In Fig. 2, the tubes 11, 12 have end plates 13, 14 and contain three aligned elastomer tubes 20, 21, 22 of a vulcanized rubber or an injection moulded polyurethane with a Shore hardness of at least 50. The elastomer tubes may be of square section or of the section shown in Fig. 4 and which may have rounded corners. Tubes 20 and 22 have plates 24, 25 bonded to their outer ends and these may be secured to the end plates 13, 14. To their inner ends are bonded flanged spacers 26, 27. Plates 31, 32 bonded to the ends of the tube 21 may be secured to the spacers 26, 27. The tubes 20, 21, 22 may be restricted by the telescoping tubes 11, 12 so that two sides are restricted as indicated in Fig. 9, and one pair of sides buckles inwardly while the other pair buckles outwardly. In Fig. 5, the one elastomer tube 46 is outside the telescoped tubes 41, 42. The outer tube 42 has a flange 44 for connection to a body to be protected and a corrugated ring 48 spaces a rectangular abutment plate 47 from this flange. The inner tube 41 may have punched tabs to retain the tube 42 by abutting the flange 44. An abutment plate 45 at the other end of the tube 46 may be bonded to the tube. In a similar embodiment, Figs. 7, 8 (not shown), the telescoping tubes are circular in section with rectangular end flanges between which the elastomer tube extends, there being no spacing ring 48. An abutment plate bonded to one end of the tube abuts or is bonded or fastened to the flange of the outer telescoping tube. The other end of the elastomer tube is bonded to the inner tube flange.
Patent GB-560606-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of pieces which are shaped by grinding
IPC: B24B17/02
Filed: 1942-10-06
Abstract: 560,606. Grinding - apparatus. DE HAVILLAND AIRCRAFT CO., Ltd., HALFORD, F. B., BRODIE, J. L. P., and MILLER, R. Oct. 6, 1942, No. 13993. [Class 60] Turbine blades or other pieces to be shaped by grinding are made with a part at each end of rectangular section, the parts being clamped to a rectangular mandrel carrying a form cam and rotatably mounted on a rocking frame which holds the cam in contact with a follower while the frame is traversed past a grinding wheel ; one of the rectangular parts is then removed leaving the other to form the root of the.blade, or the piece is cut at its mid position to form two blades. The mandrel C<2>, mounted on spring-influenced pivoted arms K, K<1> is furnished with a form cam F held in contact with a follower P, and the rectangular parts B, B<1> of the blades A are clamped against opposite sides of the rectangular surfaces C, C' of the mandrel by L-shaped members D engaging two adjacent surfaces C and by clamps E.
Patent GB-709164-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for forming tubing into coils
IPC: B21D11/06
Filed: 1952-06-04
Abstract: 709,164. Coiling. VAPOR HEATING CORPORATION. June 4, 1952 [June 28, 1951], No. 14119/52. Class 83 (4) Welding by fusion.-In apparatus for coiling tubes for steam generators of car heaters &c. a tube wound on a rotary expanding former is guided by dies which also angularly bend the tube. The tube 96 is passed through dies 91, 92 over a roll 71 and the end of the tube is clamped to a former 50 rotated through gearing from an electromotor. The former comprises grooved bars 65 supported on discs 58, 59 by links 62. One end of the former is supported on a bearing 28 adjusted by a screw 32 and the other end is coupled to the driving shaft through pins 68, 44. When the coiling is completed the former is removed and collapsed by axial movement of the discs 58, 59 for removal of the coil. The dies 91, 92 are mounted on a carriage 78a freely movable during coiling on a track 79 mounted on a carriage 82 adjustable on a track 84. Angular bending.-The offset bends B, Fig. 8, are made by reciprocation of the die 91 against the die 92 by an air cylinder 88. In operation, the electromotor is started to effect coiling and after apart of a rotation a projection 45 actuates a switch 40 to energize a valve 90 of the air cylinder 88. The die is reciprocated to kink the tube and a dog 106 on the piston actuates switches 103, 104 to stop the electromotor. At the end of the stroke of the die the dog 106 actuates a switch 107 to cut off the air supply and the piston returns under spring pressure to open the dies and to close switches 103 104 to restart the electromotor. This cycle is repeated and a coil of the shape shown in Fig. 8 is completed. To form a coil in two tiers the roller 71 is adjusted and the dies 92, 91 are reversed. Welding.-Two lengths of tube are butt welded to form a continuous length in an apparatus comprising two clamps each with supporting rolls 113, 114 and a clamping roll 117 on a screw actuated lever 116. The roll 117 is rotated by a ratchet gear 120 from a pedal rod 122 to rotate the tubes.
Patent GB-580787-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to electrical earth leakage devices for electrical apparatus
IPC: H02H3/16
Filed: 1944-07-25
Abstract: 580,787. Protective cut-out arrangements ; testing for faults. WIMSETT, S. J., and RECORD ELECTRICAL CO., Ltd. July 25. 1944, No. 14178. [Class 38 (v)] [Also in Group XXXVI] On the occurrence of a leakage to the frame 19 of electrical apparatus, a winding 5 comprising many turns of fine wire connected to earth E, closes contacts 7, 12 and connects the frame 19 to neutral through a winding 6 of few turns of heavy wire on the same iron core as 5, so permitting an increased current to flow long enough to blow a fuse 20 in the main circuit. When attracted, the armature 8 releases a drop indicator 14 which is visible through a window in the casing and resettable by press-button 15. A vibrating reed 9 gives audible indication of a fault whch is insufficient to operate armature 8.
Patent GB-1424985-A (GB)
Title: Sulphating secondary higher aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates
IPC: C07C303/24
Filed: 1974-03-29
Abstract: 1424985 Sulphation process NITTO CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO Ltd and NIPPON UNITOL CO Ltd 29 March 1974 [29 March 1973] 14186/74 Heading C2C [Also in Division C5] A method of sulphating a secondary higher aliphatic alcohol ethoxylate which is the adduct of from 2 to 7 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of a C 8-18  secondary higher aliphatic alcohol comprises introducing into a parallel-flow thin film type reactor having one or more reaction tubes arranged to be cooled by a cooling medium, said adduct and sulphur trioxide diluted with a dry inert gas to a concentration by volume per cent of from 0À75 to 1À25 C, where C is defined by the relationship C = 11À0/D<SP>0.83</SP>, where D is the cross sectional (for circular tubes) or hydraulic (for non-circular tubes) diameter and is in the range 20-50 mm., the mean gas flow rate calculated at NTP inside the or each reaction tube during said sulphating being from 20 m./sec. to 60 m./ sec., and the cooling medium being circulated around the or each reaction tube during sulphating such that the temperature of said cooling medium after circulation is from 40‹ to 65‹ C.
Patent GB-1415400-A (GB)
Title: Fire-fighting surfactant composition
IPC: C09K23/26
Filed: 1973-03-23
Abstract: 1415400 Foam fire fighting composition MINNESOTA MINING & MFG CO 23 March 1973 [24 March 1972] 14245/73 Heading A5A An aqueous composition capable on dilution, if necessary, with water of forming a film on the surface of hydrocarbons to suppress the release of flammable vapours therefrom comprises (i) a water-soluble fluoroaliphatic ampholytic surfactant containing a terminal fluoroaliphatic radical, at least one terminal cationic or cationically ionisable centre and at least one terminal anionic or anionically ionisable centre, the cationic centre in base form, corresponding to a base with an ionisation constant in water at 25C of at least 1 x 10<SP>-5</SP> and the anionic centre, in acid form, corresponding to an acid with an ionisation constant in water at 25C of at least 1 x 10<SP>-5</SP>; (ii) a water-soluble anionic fluoroaliphatic surfactant containing at least one fluoroaliphatic radical of at least 4 carbon atoms including a terminal perfluoromethyl group and an anionic group which, in the form of an acid, has an ionisation constant in water at 25C of at least 1 x 10<SP>-5</SP>; and (iii) a water-soluble stable synthetic hydrocarbon-compatible organic fluorine-free (as defined hereafter) surfactant, the composition being substantially free from volatile flammable materials. "Fluorine-free" is defined as containing no fluoroaliphatic radicals and a maximum of 5% by wt. carbon-bonded fluorine. The composition may be diluted 16 times with water, and may, if required, be mixed with air or a vaporised propellant to form a foam. The presence of an electrolyte, e.g. sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate, as in sea-water is not deleterious to the composition. Optional additives are proteins (auxiliary foaming agents), polyoxyethylene glycols and alkyl ethers of ethylene glycols (foam stabilisers), glycerol and ethylene glycol (anti-freeze agents). The compositions are also compatible with powder extinguishants, e.g. potassium bicarbonate. Reference has been directed by the comptroller to Specification 1264681.
Patent GB-819342-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to nuclear reactors
Inventor: GINNS DENNIS WILLIAM
IPC: G21C1/12
Filed: 1947-05-29
Abstract: 819,342. Nuclear reactors. UNITED KING- DOM ATOMIC ENERGY AUTHORITY. May 28, 1948 [May 29, 1947]. No. 14269/47. Drawings to Specification. Class 39(4). A nuclear reactor, used for plutonium or power production, has a solid moderator enclosed in a pressure vessel and is cooled by gas under pressure. The fuel rods rest in horizontal channels in the moderator and are inserted by a ram, from a charging room pressurized to prevent gas leakage from the reactor. The spent rods are pushed out of the channels by the fresh rods and are collected in a trough at the base of the pile for withdrawal in shielded containers. In one embodiment, the cooling gas is fed into one end of the reactor and removed at the other, while in a second embodiment the gas enters at the reactor centre and flows outwardly to the ends. The materials used are fuel, uranium rods encased in aluminium; cooling gas, carbon dioxide, hydrogen or helium ; moderator, graphite or beryllium oxide ; biological shield, concrete ; pressure vessel, steel.
Patent GB-143430-A (GB)
Abstract: 143,430. Arc & General Equipment, Ltd., and Jones, A. Denman-. July 18, 1919. Heating vehicles.-Hot air is supplied from the engine &c. through a pipe A to a chamber D for heating a motor-car, and the heating effect and circulation of the heating medium are increased by arranging that a by-pass tube H from the exhaust pipe B projects into the pipe A at F so as to form an injector. The action of the injector may be controlled by a valve J actuated through a handlever L. In a modification of this arrangement. the outlet E from the heating-chamber D ;s formed as an exhauster, such as an open double-ended cone-member, so that by the movement of the car the pressure in the chamber D is maintained at or below atmospheric pressure. The by-pass injector tube H is not used in this case, but the end of the exhaust pipe may be arranged to terminate in the exhauster to assist in the circulation of heated air through the pipe A and heater D.
Patent GB-496211-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to projection screens
IPC: G03B21/58
Filed: 1937-05-24
Abstract: 496,211. Projection screens. WHISTANCE, K. J. May 24, 1937, No. 14431. [Class 97 (i)] A screen is mounted on a roller and attached to a member supported, when the screen is unrolled, by extended pivoted arms or links, a spring being so connected between the roller and the arms that the tensioning of the spring, caused by unrolling of the screen, produces a force tending to cause the arms to assume their extended positions. As shown, the screen 1 is attached to a member 13 held, when the screen is unrolled from the roller 2, by pivoted arms 11, 11<1>, 12, 12<1>. The arms are supported by the tension in a wire &c. 16, secured at 15 to the arm 12, passing over a pulley 18 on the arm 11 and over fixed pulleys 19, 20, and secured to a roller 10. The roller 10 is secured to a shaft 7, coaxial within the roller 2, and connected to it by a spring 5. Unrolling of the screen from the roller 2 tensions the spring 5, thus turning the roller 10 to wind the wire 16 upon it and tension the wire. Adjustable screws 21 prevent the arms from attaining a straight line position. In a modification, the roller 10 is rigidly secured to the roller 2, and a spring, lying horizontally between the arms, connects the wire to the arms. In a further modification the roller is connected by gears to a parallel shaft having worm wheel connection with each of the arms, the spring being housed in one of the gears.
Patent GB-862389-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to nuclear reactors
Inventor: FURBER BENJAMIN NEIL
IPC: G21C5/14
Filed: 1958-05-06
Abstract: 862,389. Nuclear reactors. A.E.I. -J. THOMPSON NUCLEAR ENERGY CO. Ltd. May 21, 1959 [March 6, 1958], No. 14475/58. Class 39(4). In a gas cooled, graphite moderated reactor, the fuel is mounted in vertical channels through which coolant gas flows upwardly. The cross-sectional area of the channels is varied along the length, being a minimum near the centre thereby increasing the rate of flow of the coolant at the reactor interior. As shown, the core layers 1-9 are stepped to shape the channel profile. Alternatively, the outlet may have a uniform cross-section, as shown dotted, and the block edges may be shaped to produce a smooth channel surface.
Patent GB-728835-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to circular saws
Inventor: SAYERS CECIL FREDERICK
IPC: B24D5/12
Filed: 1952-06-09
Abstract: 728,835. Abrasive tools; saws. NATIONAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION. May 29, 1953 [June 9, 1952], No. 14514/52. Classes 60 and 145. A circular saw 1, Figs. 3 and 4, comprises a flat annulus provided at its inner periphery 2 with a cutting edge and a saw mounting means which applies outward radial tension to the annulus. The annulus, which has a thickness of approximately 0.010 inches and an effective diameter of 3 inches is clamped to the body of a cupshaped chuck 3 by a bolted ring 8 provided with rounded projections which force the contacting areas of the annulus into grooves in the chuck body, thereby placing the annulus under outward radial tension. A pipe 11 directs coolant on to the workpiece which is held in the aperture of the annulus. Under centrifugal action, an annulus 13 of coolant is formed and overflows through the aperture of the annulus or through holes in the chuck body or the saw blade into a bowl 14 connected by a slotted ring 16 with the chuck body. Coolant is removed by a pipe 12 while the swarf formed in the cutting operation forms layers S. In Fig. 6, the saw is clamped between bolted rings 23, 24 forming an assembly which is secured to the chuck body 17 by screws 28. When these screws are tightened, the annulus is forced into engagement with a rounded edge 30 which places it under tension. Packing rings 27 may be exchanged with thinner or thicker rings to enable the required tension to be obtained. The cutting edge 2 may comprise saw teeth or diamond dust having a grain size of 170 to 200 pressed into the annulus with a hard steel tool or cemented thereto. The annulus may be made of steel or hard copper according to requirements which may include cutting slices from quartz crystals, germanium ingots, synthetic sapphire boules or tungsten rod or cutting slots in miniature screw heads. A peripheral speed of about 2000 feet per minute or, according to the Provisional Specification, 1200 feet per minute is employed.