baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20000026536-A (KR)
Title: Integrated electronic control unit of vehicle
Inventor: LEE SEUNG SU
IPC: F16H61/00
Filed: 1998-10-21
Abstract: PURPOSE: An integrated ECU(Electric Control Unit) is provided to present the control of an engine and an automatic transmission by only one ECU in a small vehicle under 1000cc of engine displacement. CONSTITUTION: An integrated ECU is composed of: a first buffer(11) buffering the temperature inside and outside of a vehicle detected according to the traveling, the driving of a power steering, the data of an inhibiter switch, the data of electric load and the data of the driving of an air conditioner and controlling the output sequence according to the sequence of input; a second buffer(12) buffering the data of the range of the speed change stages selected by a shift lever and controlling the output sequence according to the sequence of input; a control piece(20) analyzing the data detected by the first and the second buffers and the data of the state of a vehicle detected according to the traveling via a predetermined control algorithm and then outputting signals for controlling an engine and an automatic transmission; and multiple drivers(22,23,24,25,26) driving the control of the state of a vehicle, the engine and the automatic transmission according to the signals fed from the control piece. Herein, the cost for producing a vehicle and the air-fuel cost are reduced by using one control unit. And the reliability of traveling is improved by solving the delay of speed change by prompt processing of the detected data.
Patent KR-20000031627-A (KR)
Title: Method for forming thin film on substrate by sputtering
Inventor: JE JEONG HO
IPC: H01L21/203
Filed: 1998-11-05
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for forming a thin film on a substrate by a sputtering is provided to minimize that an oxygen negative ion is incident in the inside of a thin film deposited on a substrate and increase an epitaxy degree of the thin film. CONSTITUTION: A method for forming a thin film on a substrate by a sputtering includes steps of disposing a substrate(5) in a vacuum bath(1) to generate a plasma and comprise an oxide target(2), installing a grid(9) over the substrate to mask the substrate from the target, and applying (+)bias to the grid and, simultaneously, generating a plasma including an oxygen plasma in the vacuum bath to deposit an oxide on the substrate using the sputtering method.
Patent KR-20000034014-A (KR)
Title: Throttle control system
Inventor: CHEON YEONG HWI
IPC: F02M1/00
Filed: 1998-11-27
Abstract: PURPOSE: A throttle control system is provided to reduce the weight and costs of a system and to improve the reliability of the system by controlling a flow pass area to an engine through the fine change of the entire area of a throttle valve depending on the temperature of coolant for an engine. CONSTITUTION: Coolant of an engine flows into a circulating path(31) through an inlet pipe(40) and is discharged through an outlet pipe(40') when the engine is started. The temperature of the coolant is transferred to an expansion/shrinkage member(30) when the coolant circulates. The expansion/shrinkage member is shrunken as much as the set degree for the temperature of the cooling water if the coolant of low temperature is introduced. Thereby, a flow pass area is enlarged and the coolant is absorbed into the engine more. Also, the expansion/shrinkage member is expanded if the temperature of the cooling water is the same as reference temperature. After that, the cooling water is controlled by a throttle valve(20) opened/closed depending on the operation rate of an accelerator pedal.
Patent KR-20000034169-A (KR)
Title: Structure for detecting opening of door upper assembly and unbalance of washing and dehydrating tub for washing machine
Inventor: LEE YEONG HAN
IPC: D06F37/24
Filed: 1998-11-27
Abstract: PURPOSE: A structure for detecting an opening of a door upper assembly and an inequality of a washing as dehydrating tub for a washing machine is provided to reduce the number of components and not to change the detecting efficiency. CONSTITUTION: At a dehydrating process, a laundry is rotated without forming a balance and with inclining by grouping the laundry inside the dehydrating tub. An outer circumferential wall of the washing as dehydrating tub hits a detecting lever(24h2) of a checker member(24h). Because a curved portion(24h4) of the detecting lever(24h2) is rotated during pushing a recessed groove of a protrusion(26b), a contacting portion of terminal(24h3) is rotated. A power supplied to a motor is blocked by removing a lower terminal(24b2) from an upper terminal(24b1). Thereby a damage of a washing machine is prevented.
Patent KR-20000034730-A (KR)
Title: Method and device for controlling game mode for a tv
Inventor: SONG BOK CHEON
IPC: H04N5/46
Filed: 1998-11-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: A device for controlling game mode for a TV is provided to reduce eye fatigue when playing a game with a TV by automatically adjusting user's control state to be fit for a game mode. CONSTITUTION: In a device for controlling game mode for a TV includes a microprocessor(30), which controls entirely the TV system. About two frames of input signal is stored in a video storage and the resolution is detected by discriminating the pixel of the frames. If the resolution is that of the designated game, the microprocessor(30) discriminates the mode as a game mode and controls the system in order to convert the user's control state into the game mode. A video storage(27) for storing and outputting frame data in the input video signal by performing a mode. A color boundary detection unit (28) detects a color boundary from the stored video signal, and a resolution detection unit (29) detects resolution of the corresponding video signal by using the color boundary detection signal.
Patent KR-19990063231-A (KR)
Title: 반도체 장치의 제조 방법
IPC: C23C14/34
Filed: 1998-12-18
Abstract: Ti막이 스퍼터링 방법에 의해 소자가 표면 상에 형성된 반도체 기판 상에 형성된다.  상기 Ti막은, Ar가스 압력이 1 mTorr이고 DC 전력이 4.4㎾인 조건하에 통상의 DC 마그네트론 스퍼터링 유닛을 사용함으로써 형성된다.  이 조건하에, 상기 Ti막은 방전 개시부터 개시후 1초까지의 성막 초기에 연속적인 막이 남게 된다.  이로 인해, 예를 들면, 스퍼터링용 플라즈마에 의해 발생되는 2차 전자로 Ti막이 대전되어도, 국부적인 대전은 발생하지 않는다.  그 후에, 스퍼터링이 계속 진행되고 약 300Å 두께의 Ti막이 전표면 상에 형성된다.  그러므로, 금속막이 반도체 기판 표면 상의 소자 위에 형성되면, 플라즈마의 2차 전자가 상기 소자의 절연막을 파괴하는 것이 발생하는 것을 방지할 수 있다.
Patent KR-20000040707-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus for aligning liquid crystal display devices
Inventor: LEE JONG HOON
IPC: G02F1/1335
Filed: 1998-12-19
Abstract: PURPOSE: An apparatus for aligning liquid crystal display devices is provided to detect the status of alignment in order to compensate misalignment in a real time. CONSTITUTION: An apparatus for aligning liquid crystal display devices includes an adjusting lens(28), a polarization panel, a polarization conversion lens(32), a focusing lens(34), an astigmatic lens(36), a quad detector(38), an alignment driver(44) and a controller(40). The adjusting lens(28) aims the light from an optical source into a predetermined direction. The polarization panel passes light of a predetermined direction. The polarization conversion lens(32) converts the light penetrating the polarization panel. The focusing lens(34) focuses the light on a black matrix on a substrate. The astigmatic lens(36) equalize the density of light reflected from the black matrix. The quad detector(38) generates electrical signal according to the divided intensity of light. The alignment driver(44) changes the location of the substrate. The controller(40) generates control signals to the alignment driver.
Patent KR-20000042190-A (KR)
Title: Method for producing 304l stainless hot rolled steel sheet
Inventor: SIM SANG DAE
IPC: B21B1/22
Filed: 1998-12-24
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for producing a stainless hot rolled steel sheet is provided to improve a hot-rolling processing property and to decrease a surface defect. CONSTITUTION: In producing a 304L stainless hot rolled steel sheet, a slab produced as a basic element of 304L stainless is re-heated at a weight rate and then is hot rolled. Herein, in producing the slab, 1.4 to 2.2% of silica is added up, and a re-heating temperature is kept by 1240°C. Accordingly, more than 90% of a hot-rolling processing property of the 304L stainless hot rolled steel sheet is secured.
Patent KR-20000042748-A (KR)
Title: Circuit and method for selecting antenna according to receiving sensibility in cellular phone
Inventor: KIM GYEONG UK
IPC: H04B1/40
Filed: 1998-12-26
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for selecting an antenna according to receiving sensibility in a cellular phone is provided to extend a using time of a battery, by selecting a directional antenna and an omnidirectional antenna, according to the receiving sensibility, after estimating extent of the receiving sensibility corresponding to change of a radio wave. CONSTITUTION: In a cellular phone with a directional antenna, an omnidirectional antenna, and a switch selecting one between the two antennas, a method for selecting an antenna according to receiving sensibility comprises the steps of: detecting the receiving sensibility while calling, by selecting the directional antenna; comparing a receiving sensibility signal of the directional antenna with a predetermined first standard value; and switching the omnidirectional antenna, if the receiving sensibility is lower than the first standard value.
Patent KR-20000042811-A (KR)
Title: Layout method of semiconductor memory device
Inventor: CHO YOUNG OK
IPC: H01L27/10
Filed: 1998-12-26
Abstract: PURPOSE: A layout method of a semiconductor memory device is provided to reduce a vertical height difference from a cell array region to a peripheral circuit region sequentially by removing one of layers consisting of a cell array region at a dummy cell region. CONSTITUTION: In a layout method of a semiconductor memory device, at a dummy cell region between a cell array region and a peripheral circuit region is not formed a storage electrode(120) of a capacitor. In the cell array region, a transistor is formed by forming source and drain regions(108) at a surface of a substrate(100) and at both sides of a gate electrode(106). At the source region(108) is connected the storage electrode through a buried contact(119) and a contact plug(112). At the drain region(108) is connected a bit line(116) through a contact plug(112).
Patent KR-20000043431-A (KR)
Title: Periodic groove inspection method of wire rod
Inventor: BAE JIN SU
IPC: B21B38/00
Filed: 1998-12-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method is provided to extract a periodic signal by the FFT(fast Fourier transformation) analysis of groove signals including periodic elements and to inspect a damaged roll. CONSTITUTION: An output voltage signal of an ECT(eddy current tester) which is a surface groove tester(14) of a wire rod is drawn out. The voltage signal is filtered and amplified in a unit(16) for amplifying and filtering. The amplified voltage signal is converted to a digital signal in an A/D converter(17). The digital signal is frequency-analyzed in an FFT analyzer(18) to extract frequency having peak value and the size of the peak value. The peak frequency and the size of the peak value are transmitted to a computer(19). The peak frequency is compared to the frequency of a periodic groove occurring due to damage of rolls. Herein, a frequency accorded with the frequency of the periodic frequency is detected. A noise due to periodic grooves and vibration due to damage of rolls is decided. The breakage of a corresponding roll is decided from the accorded frequency obtaining by comparison and the degree of breakage of the roll is predicted from the size of the peak value of the peak frequency.
Patent KR-20000046119-A (KR)
Title: Specific register function activation apparatus in digital mobile communication system
Inventor: KANG HONG KOO
IPC: H04B7/26
Filed: 1998-12-31
Abstract: PURPOSE: A specific register function activation apparatus in the digital mobile communication system is provided to exactly calculate a time necessary for a specific register of a base station modem ASIC(Application Specific Integrated Circuit) to execute a function by using the clock of the CPU. CONSTITUTION: A first inverter(510) of a signal generation unit carries out a function to receive a control signal outputted from a control unit and to invert the control signal. A first flip-flop(520) carries out a function to receive the control signal outputted from the control unit and a clock outputted from an oscillator and to output the same signal as the input signal.
Patent KR-19990035919-A (KR)
Title: 전자 작동 장치
IPC: G05D3/12
Filed: 1996-07-15
Abstract: 전자 작동 장치는, 제어 전류가 인가될 수 있는 솔레노이드 코일과, 솔레노이드 코일을 통해서 흐르는 제어 전류에 따라서 좌우되는 운동을 실행할 수 있도록 형성되어 있는 상기 솔레노이드 코일과 결합되어 있는 전기자와, 상기 전기자를 반대 방향으로 편향시키기 위한 스프링 장치를 포함하고 있고, 유지 위치는 상기 솔레노이드 코일을 통과하는 유지 전류에서의 전기자에 의해서 한정되고, 상기 솔레노이드 코일을 통해서 흐르는 유지 전류는 전기자가 유지 위치를 이탈하지 않는 고 값 또는 저 값으로 변화할 수 있으며, 상기 고 전류 값과 저 전류 값은 전기자를 작동시키는 자기력 및 전기자에 작용하는 간섭 영향 변수가 그의 유지 위치로부터 상기 유지 위치와는 다른 작동 위치로 전기자를 이끌지 못하게 하는 방식으로 그 값이 정해져 있다.
Patent KR-19990044361-A (KR)
IPC: B29C48/03
Filed: 1996-08-27
Abstract: The invention provides for a method of making simple or complex extruded gel profiles and the created article. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the method involves the extrusion of a silicone gel composition through a die into a heated fluid to complete the cure of the gel as well as to produce the desired gel profile shape. Shapes such as stars, trapezoids, cusped squares, cusped triangle, triangles and the like can be fabricated according to the method.
Patent KR-19990045751-A (KR)
IPC: H01L27/11517
Filed: 1996-09-10
Abstract: The field insulation in a flash memory cell is provided by an oxide/polysilicon/oxide sandwich. The memory cell area is reduced by dopant implantation, self-aligned with respect to the word lines of two adjacent memory cells, for producing the source regions and source connections. The field insulation produces a capacitance between the doping region and the polysilicon layer of the insulation layer which improves the read characteristic of the memory cell.
Patent KR-19990066965-A (KR)
IPC: C07K7/06
Filed: 1996-10-23
Abstract: A peptide comprising a peptide (A) of an amino acid sequence being abundant in basic amino acid residues and a peptide (B) of an amino acid sequence comprising at least two consecutive, hydrophobic amino acid residues wherein the peptide (B) is linked to the C-terminal of the peptide (A) directly or via several amino acid residues. The novel peptide of the present invention has the activity to inhibit growth of smooth muscle cells and a pharmaceutical composition comprising said peptide is useful for preventing or treating pathological conditions associated with growth of smooth muscle cells such as arteriosclerosis, restenosis after angioplasty, luminal stenosis after grafting blood vessel and smooth muscle sarcoma.
Patent KR-19990082462-A (KR)
Title: 이상 분산에 의한 굴절율 변형을 통한 바닥 역반사성 코팅체
IPC: G03F7/32
Filed: 1997-03-06
Abstract: 본 발명은 리소그래피 적용에 있어서 기판 반사성 및 스윙 곡선 현상의 효과적인 감소가 가능한 역반사성 바닥 층을 형성하기 위한 방법을 제공한다.  굴절율의 실수부를 반사와 관련한 현상에 대하여 최적화된 범위가 되게 하는 적절히 선택된 단량체 및/또는 중합체 염료를 이용하는 것을 포함한다.  굴절율의 변화는 이상 분산, 즉 바닥 층의 흡수성에 의해 굴절율의 실수부가 변화하는 점을 이용하는 것이 효과적이다.
Patent KR-20000064844-A (KR)
Title: 와이퍼 모터를 갖는 제어장치
IPC: G01R31/00
Filed: 1998-01-15
Abstract: 신속하고 거의 지연없이 모터(12)의 완성종료검사를 허용하는, 동력차량을 위한 와이퍼모터(12), 특히 후방와이퍼 모터를 가진 제어장치가 제안되어있다. 이를 위해 제어부(14)에는 상기 신호입구(24)를 통해 시험신호가 공급되고 신호수신이 일어날 때 제어부(14)는 시험모드(T test )를 위해 지속적으로 모터(12)를 통전시킨다.
Patent KR-20000005295-A (KR)
Title: Separator to remove fine dust from air
Inventor: DEPHEW REWELLINE E
IPC: B01D46/24
Filed: 1997-04-08
Abstract: PURPOSE: A structure is provided to be used in a pneumatic system containing material taken when the airflow should be cleaned before dust is discharged to atmosphere by being captured in the air flow. CONSTITUTION: The separator(20) to remove dust from air has a housing(21) with an inlet(22) toward a tangent line causing a whirlpool of air and a central shaft line outlet(34) extended upward. Herein, the device makes the dust in air separate from the air according to the conversion of the air toward a venting hole through the outlet after moving around the housing. The housing has: a cylindrical wall(48) to form a louver(26) to make the air flow inward on radial; and a cylindrical filter separated from the cylindrical wall.
Patent KR-20000010621-A (KR)
Title: Sustained release ionic conjugate
Inventor: IGNATIOUS FRANCIS
IPC: A61K47/48
Filed: 1997-04-22
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for granulating a sustained release ionic conjugate including a free carboxyl group-containing biodegradable polymer and a free amino group-containing drug being ionic bonded to each other is provided. CONSTITUTION: A method of granulating a sustained release ionic conjugate which contains a free carboxyl group-containing biodegradable polymer and a free amino group-containing drug which are ionic bonded to each other.
Patent KR-20000015808-A (KR)
Title: Master cylinder for a vehicle's hydraulic braking system
Inventor: DIERINGER WERNER
IPC: B60T8/48
Filed: 1997-05-14
Abstract: PURPOSE: A master cylinder for a motor vehicle's hydraulic braking system is provided to selectively generate a strong braking pressure with a braking booster by using a simple method. CONSTITUTION: A master cylinder (10) for a vehicle's hydraulic braking system (12) has a housing (18) with a drilling (20) inside it. In the drilling (20) is guided a sealing and movable piston (22) which is mechanically connected to a rod-like actuating member (26) by means of which an input force (F) can be transmitted to the piston (22) for pressure intensification. The piston (22) defines a pressure chamber (28) in the drilling (20) and a compensating chamber (30) on the actuating member side and has a hydraulically active surface (A). For the optional increase in the pressure intensification of the master cylinder (10) there is a device (50) which optionally provides a fluid connection to the pressure chamber (28) and the compensating chamber (30).In the latter case, owing to the smaller hydraulically effective area (B) of the actuating member (26) in relation to the hydraulically effective area (A) of the piston, the pressure intensification of the master cylinder (10) is increased by the factor A/B.
Patent KR-20000022224-A (KR)
Title: Medical device
Inventor: ISRAELSSON ANETTE
IPC: C08J7/056
Filed: 1997-06-19
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for the manufacture of a medical device presents a hydrophilic surface coated non-PVC elongate shaft for insertion into a body passageway which experiences no appreciable shrinkage on application of the hydrophilic surface coating. CONSTITUTION: A method for the manufacture of a medical device which presents a hydrophilic surface coated elongate shaft for insertion into a body passageway comprising the steps of having the elongate shaft formed from a thermoplastic elastomer material selected from the group consisting of a polyether block amide and a styrene block copolymer and forming the hydrophilic coating on the elongate shaft by applying sequentially to the surface of the elongate shaft a solution comprising between 0.05 to 40 % (weight to volume) of an isocyanate compound and a solution containing between 0.5 % and 50 % (weight to volume) of polyvinyl pyrrolidone and curing at an elevated temperature.
Patent KR-19990067771-A (KR)
Title: 광학 보상 시트 및 액정 디스플레이
IPC: G02F1/13363
Filed: 1999-01-07
Abstract: 광학 보상 시트는 투명 기판상에 제공된 디스코틱 액정 분자로부터 형성된 광학 이방성 층을 포함한다.     액정 분자를 광학 이방성 층내에 배열한다.     디스코틱 액정 분자의 디스코틱 평면과 투명 기판사이의 평균 경사각은 5°미만이다.     디스코틱 결정 분자를 배열을 유지하는 동안 고정시켜 광학 이방성 층을 형성한다.
Patent KR-20000050474-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE HYUN SEOK
IPC: G02B6/44
Filed: 1999-01-11
Abstract: PURPOSE: A multi-layer ribbon optical fiber and a method for manufacturing the multi-layer ribbon optical fiber are provided to improve the mechanical characteristics of the fiber by coating a stacked ribbon optical fiber. CONSTITUTION: A multi-layer ribbon optical fiber comprises a single core optical fiber(200), a ribbon optical fiber(210), and a coating material(220). The single core optical fiber(200) is made of an acryl coating optical fiber. The single core optical fiber(200) is coated with a UV resin to form the ribbon optical fiber(210). The ribbon optical fiber(210) which is stacked is coated with the coating material(220).
Patent KR-19990068272-A (KR)
Filed: 1999-01-20
Abstract: 본 발명은 동력을 증력 식키는 석유동력이 않인 기기동력에 관한 것으로 이에 관한 기본구성력은 양력 중간력 3곳 곡선 구배 방향력 틀을 구성 같은 위치일 때 비등점력이 (0) 공대공 전진 + 력 후진 - 력으로 하여 + 이득 기장력이 많이 형성 되게 한것으로(-)구배 곡선 력이 원점중심과 일치 하게 원점 선정을 택하는 단계 자기력분력에 의한 자기감소력이 되게 직각력분에서(구배교차각력분) 응용 구성하는 단계에서 (-)와(-)가 원중심점을 이용 같은 자기방향 력분력을 자유력분조성을 할수있게 되여 제차구성된 원점기장에서 자기 감소력은(-) 작아지고 같은 비등점(0) 공대공 전 + 후 - 력은 이득차이력이 형성된다 구배 위치 교차 력분 조정력에 따라 1/1에서 1/5까지력분 구성력은 자기 감소력 작용으로 이득력이 발생하는 단계 이상과 같은 이득구성력 작용으로 같은 방향과 같은 비등점력을 구배 교차 력분 할수가있서(1/1력분은 100~30%이고 1/5력일때는 100~80%까지 자기 이득력이 형성 되게 하는 단계로 특징이 있다
Patent KR-20000051378-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE JAE CHUN
IPC: H01L23/52
Filed: 1999-01-21
Abstract: PURPOSE: An apparatus is provided to minimize a size as well as reducing a manufacturing cost by simplifying a wire bonding structure. CONSTITUTION: A collector regions(2A-2F) are connected to cathode regions(12A-12F) through switching devices(S1-S6) and diodes(D1-D6) placed on conductive heat sinks(21-26). The emitter regions(1A-1F) are connected to anode regions(11A-11F) through wires(W1). A positive pin(+) of DC power is connected heat sinks(21,23,25) through patterns(P1-P3). The patterns(P4-P6) connected to heat sinks(22,24,26) are connected to anode regions(11A-11C) through wires(W2). A pattern(P7) connected to a negative pin(-) of the DC power is connected to the anode regions(11D-11F) through wires(W3). The outer control power is applied to emitter(1A-1F) and gate(3A-3F) regions of switching devices through wires(W4,W5). Then the wire bonding structure is simplified by discriminating pattern lengths(P1-P7) of 3 phases(U,V,W) and power pins(+,-) which are not used in any other apparatus.
Patent KR-20000051780-A (KR)
Inventor: LIM KWANG TAEK
IPC: B65H1/24
Filed: 1999-01-26
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method of sensing an amount of residual paper is provided to achieve a comfortable use of the printer while allowing the amount of residual paper to be easily checked without pulling out the paper cassette from the printer. CONSTITUTION: A method comprises a first step of preparing paper feeding structure including a knockup plate and a lifting element, a second step of calculating a difference between the operational frequencies of a lifting element to lift up the knockup plate toward a pickup roller when the maximum amount of paper is loaded into the cassette and when only one sheet of paper remains in the cassette, and outputting as a set value of wastage of paper for each one operation of the lifting element, a third step of lifting up the knockup plate until the loaded paper is in tight contact with the pickup roller when the cassette has entered into the printer and counting the operational frequency of the lifting element at the time of lighting up the knockup plate, and a fourth step of calculating the amount of residual paper in the cassette considering the operation frequency of the lifting element counted in the third step and the set value output in the second step.
Patent KR-19990087865-A (KR)
Title: 습식인쇄기의현상액농도측정장치
Filed: 1999-02-25
Abstract: 소정 레벨로 현상액이 채워지는 급수부를 포함하며, 현상액이 출입되도록 마련된 하우징과, 급수부로부터 유입되는 현상액에 그 일부가 잠기도록 하우징에 회전 가능하게 설치되어 그 회전에 따라 표면에 현상액 유막이 형성되는 회전롤러와, 회전롤러를 회전 구동하는 구동원과, 유막에 광을 조사하고 이 유막을 투과한 광을 수광하여 현상액의 농도를 측정하는 센싱수단을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 습식 인쇄기의 현상액 농도 측정장치가 개시되어 있다. 
     이 현상액 농도 측정장치는 회전롤러를 회전시킴에 의해 표면에 얇게 형성된 소정 두께의 현상액 유막을 투과하는 광량을 측정함으로써 현상액의 농도를 측정하므로, 투과율이 낮은 현상액의 경우에도 현상액의 농도를 정확히 측정할 수 있다.