Patent GB-805574-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in polymerisable mixtures
IPC: C08K3/22
Filed: 1957-02-13
Abstract: A polymerizable mixture comprises an unsaturated polyester resin, a monomeric ethylenic compound, a polymerization catalyst, an inorganic substance capable of being set with water and water in amount necessary to set the said substance.  The monomer may be used in amount between 10 and 90 per cent (by weight) and the hydraulically setting substance in amount of 1 to 50 per cent of the mixture, and about 20 to 40 parts of water are used per 100 parts of hydraulically setting substance.  Ingredients specified are:-polyester resins made from unsaturated polycarboxylic acids and polyhydric alcohols or from saturated polycarboxylic acids and unsaturated polyhydric alcohols, and with or without monofunctional carboxylic acids or alcohols; many examples are given; unsaturated monomers-styrene, methyl styrenes, divinyl benzene, N-vinylcarbazole, vinyl ethers, vinyl esters, e.g. vinyl propionate, N-vinyl lactams, vinyl ketones, vinyl sulphones; acrylic and methacrylic acids, esters, amides and nitriles, e.g. acrylamide, methacrylamide, methylene - bis - methacrylamide and alpha-chloracrylic acid esters; allyl esters, e.g. diallyl-phthalate, -maleate and -succinate, triallyl-cyanurate and -phosphate, and esters of chlorallyl alcohol or methallyl alcohol; hydraulically setting substances-Portland cement, ferro-Portland cement, slag cement, alumina cement, natural cements used in admixture with quicklime, hydraulic limes and Roman cement.  The polymerization may be effected in conventional manner, e.g. by the action of ultraviolet light or with the aid of peroxides, azo compounds or other radical-forming compounds, many examples of which are given.  The mixtures are made either (1) by mixing the hydraulic material with the water and incorporating the resulting mixture in the polymerisable resin mixture containing the catalyst, or (2) preferably by mixing the hydraulic material with a little of the polymerisable resin mixture, adding the remainder of the resin mixture and finally the water.  Inert pulverulent or fibrous fillers, e.g. whiting, kaolin, talc, heavy spar, wood meal, and fibres of bast, cellulose or glass may be added in amount, e.g., of 5-30 per cent by weight of the resin mixture to give dry, powdery moulding compositions.  Pigments may also be added.  The mixtures may be used for impregnating or coating fabrics, mats, webs, fleeces or threads of natural or synthetic fibres and the resulting products may be stored or transported before being pre-shaped on moulds and hardened under pressure at elevated temperatures, e.g. at 80 DEG  to 150 DEG C.  In a typical example a mixture is made from 65 parts (by wt.) of a polyester resin prepared from phthalic acid, maleic acid and propylene glycol, 35 parts of styrene, 6 parts of a catalyst paste composed of cyclohexanone peroxide, dibutyl phthalate and cobalt naphthenate, and 1 part of water.  Uses.-As a binding agent for paint pigments, solvent-free lacquers, coating and impregnating agents, adhesives, in making laminates and as moulding compositions, for making seats, crash and protective helmets, buckets, dishes, wash-basins, baths and motor body or aircraft parts.