Patent GB-477997-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to cellulose derivative emulsions
IPC: C08J3/07
Filed: 1936-07-10
Abstract: Aqueous emulsions of cellulose derivatives are obtained by emulsifying a stiff colloidal solution of a cellulose derivative, e.g. in a water-insoluble organic solvent in a viscous aqueous medium containing an emulsifying agent which is colloidally soluble in aqueous media with an increase in its viscosity, e.g. gelatine, casein, glue or methyl cellulose, the emulsification being effected by a kneading operation and the ratio of the cellulose derivative solution to the aqueous medium being adjusted to give a paste-like product of which at least one-third of the total weight comprises substances which remain when the product is formed into a film &c. for example, cellulose derivatives, any resins which may be present, plasticizers, softeners, pigments and emulsifying agents.  According to examples, (1) a colloidal solution is made by mixing together nitrocellulose, isobutyl alcohol, castor oil, tricresyl phosphate, butyl acetate, and xylol in a kneading machine and then adding slowly to a viscous colloidal solution of casein and ammonium ricinoleate in water. The proportion of film-forming ingredients is 49,27 per cent. A similar procedure is used to prepare the products of the succeeding examples.  (2) A colloid from nitrocellulose, water, castor oil, tricresyl phosphate, butyl acetate and xylol is kneaded with a colloidal solution of casein and potassium ricinoleate in water.  In this case, water-wet nitrocellulose is used, giving a water-in-oil emulsion which is inverted during the kneading operation with the second colloidal solution.  (3) A colloid from nitrocellulose, water, dibutyl phthalate, isobutyl acetate and toluol is kneaded with an aqueous emulsion of a synthetic resin prepared from phthalic anhydride, castor oil and glycerol, using casein and ammonium ricinoleate as emulsifying agents.  The resin should have a low acid number to prevent the formation of colloidably soluble alkaline salts.  The product may be used to finish wood surfaces.  (4) In this example, which is similar to example (3) locust bean gum and ammonia replace the casein and ammonium ricinoleate.  The product may be used to finish wood surfaces or as a thermoplastic adhesive.  (5) A colloid from nitrocellulose, water, castor oil, tricresyl phosphate, butyl acetate and xylol is kneaded with a colloid comprising turkey red oil, methyl cellulose and water.  The turkey red oil functions by lowering the interfacial tension between the phases.  (6) In this example, the second colloid is formed from sodium lorol sulphate, methyl cellulose, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and water.  The ethylene glycol monomethyl ether assists the lowering of the surface tension by the sodium lorol sulphate by virtue of its solubility in both phases.  (7) The sodium lorol sulphate is replaced by sodium oleate.  (8) A pigmented colloid from nitrocellulose, water, titanox, castor oil butyl acetate and butyl alcohol is kneaded with a colloid comprising ammonium ricinoleate, casein, Lanette wax, bayberry wax and water.  The product may be used to waterproof textile material. (9) An emusion from nitrocellulose, water, castor oil, tricresyl phosphate, isobutyl acetate together with potassium lorol phthalate, animal glue and water may be diluted with water after inversion has occurred.  Alkali lorol phthalates may be used with emulsions having a pH value less than 7, and may be used with gelatine, locust bean gum, gum tragacanth, gum arabic, methyl cellulose, gliadini or casein.  The term "lorol" denotes the mixture of alcohols obtained by the catalytic hydrogenation of coconut oil or the corresponding acids.  These alcohols may be replaced by those obtained in a similar manner from palm-kernel oil or other non-drying or semi-drying vegetable oils.  (10) Nitrocellulose is first treated with sec-amyl acetate and sec-hexyl acetate.  A mixture of castor oil, boiled linseed oil, carnauba wax, paraffin wax and water is then prepared at 85 DEG  C., and then emulsified with the nitrocellulose mixture. This product is then kneaded with potassium lorol phthalate, animal glue and water.  The product may be used to coat paper, giving a mat finish.  The products may be used in coating the backs of rugs and carpeting: for coating and impregnating paper, textiles, fabrics, wood or e.g. for surfacing linoleum: and as adhesives e.g. for making laminated fabrics, paper, or regenerated cellulose sheeting, plywood or joining shoe parts.  Specification 298,705, [Class 81 (i)], is referred to.ALSO:Aqueous emulsions of cellulose derivatives are obtained by emulsifying a stiff colloidal solution of a cellulose derivative, e.g. in a water-insoluble organic solvent in a viscous aqueous p  medium containing an emulsifying agent which is colloidally soluble in aqueous media with an increase in its viscosity, e.g. gelatine, casein, glue or methyl cellulose, the emulsification being effected by a kneading operation and the ratio of the cellulose derivative solution to the aqueous medium being adjusted to give a paste-like product of which at least one-third of the total weight comprises substances which remain when the product is formed into a film &c., for example, cellulose derivatives, any resins which may be present, plasticizers, softeners, pigments and emulsifying agents.  According to examples: (1) a colloidal solution is made by mixing together nitrocellulose, isobutyl alcohol, castor oil, tricresyl phosphate, butyl acetate and xylol in a kneading machine and then adding slowly to a viscous colloidal solution of casein and ammonium ricinoleate in water.  The proportion of film-forming ingredients is 49,27 per cent.  A similar procedure is used to prepare the products of the succeeding examples; (2) a colloid from nitrocellulose, water, castor oil, tricresyl phosphate, butyl acetate and xylol is kneaded with a colloidal solution of casein and potassium ricinoleate in water.  In this case, water-wet nitrocellulose is used, giving a water-in-oil emulsion which is inverted during the kneading operation with the second colloidal solution; (3) a colloid from nitrocellulose, water, dibutyl phthalate, isobutyl acetate and toluol is kneaded with an aqueous emulsion of a synthetic resin prepared from phthalic anhydride, castor oil and glycerol, using casein and ammonium ricinoleate as emulsifying agents.  The resin should have a low acid number to prevent the formation of colloidably soluble alkaline salts.  The product may be used to finish wood surfaces; (4) in this example, which is similar to example (3), locust bean gum and ammonia replace the casein and ammonium ricinoleate.  The product may be used to finish wood surfaces or as a thermoplastic adhesive; (5) a colloid from nitrocellulose, water, castor oil, tricresyl phosphate, butyl acetate and xylol is kneaded with a colloid comprising turkey red oil, methyl cellulose and water.  The turkey red oil functions by lowering the interfacial tension between the phases; (6) in this example, the second colloid is formed from sodium lorol sulphate, methyl cellulose, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and water.  The ethylene glycol monomethyl ether assists the lowering of the surface tension by the sodium lorol sulphate by virtue of its solubility in both phases; (7) the sodium lorol sulphate is replaced by sodium oleate; (8) a pigmented colloid from nitrocellulose, water, titane, castor oil butyl acetate and butyl alcohol is kneaded with a colloid comprising ammonium ricinoleate, casein, "Lanette" wax, bayberry wax and water.  The product may be used to waterproof textile material; (9) an emulsion from nitrocellulose, water, castor oil, tricresyl phosphate, isobutyl acetate together with potassium lorol phthalate, animal glue and water may be diluted with water after inversion has occurred.  Alkali lorol phthalates may be used with emulsions having a pH value less than 7, and may be used with gelatine, locust bean gum, gum tragacanth, gum arabic, methyl cellulose, gliadin or casein. The term lorol denotes the mixture of alcohols obtained by the catalytic hydrogenation of coconut oil or the corresponding acids. These alcohols may be replaced by those obtained in a similar manner from palmkernel oil or other non-drying or semi-drying vegetable oils; (10) nitrocellulose is first treated with sec-amyl acetate and sec-hexyl acetate.  A mixture of castor oil, boiled linseed oil, carnauba wax, paraffin wax and water is then prepared at 85 DEG  C., and then emulsified with the nitrocellulose mixture.  This product is then kneaded with potassium lorol phthalate, animal glue and water. The product may be used to coat paper, giving a matte finish.  The products may be used in coating the backs of rugs and carpeting: for coating and impregnating paper, textiles, fabrics, wood or metal; for surfacing linoleum; and as adhesives, e.g. for making laminated fabrics, paper, or regenerated cellulose sheeting, plywood or joining shoe parts.  Specification 298,705, [Class 81 (i)], is referred to.