baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-489553-A (GB)
Title: Method of chlorinating methane or a homologue thereof
IPC: C07C17/10
Filed: 1937-01-28
Abstract: For chlorinating methane and its homologues the gases are passed through a thin porous layer of stable contact material such as quartz, glass, chamotte, pumice, asbestos, graphite, coke and the like (which may be in the form of filter plates or thin layers of grains, or fine-meshed fabric) or metals whose chlorides are sparingly volatile such as nickel (which may be in the form of gauze).  In an example a glass tube 50 cm. long and 5 cm. internal diameter contains a porous quartz filter-plate 1 cm. thick or several layers of nickel gauze 3-4 mm. thick arranged 39 cm. from one end, this end portion forming a preheating zone.ALSO:Methane and its lower homologues are chlorinated by passing the preheated gases at high velocity through a thin porous layer or fine-meshed tissue of a stable contact material such as quartz, glass, chamotte, pumice, asbestos, graphite, coke or the like (which may be used in the form of filter-plates, thin layers of grains, or fine-meshed fabric) or metals whose chlorides are sparingly volatile such as nickel (which may be used in the form of gauze).  In examples: (2) methane is passed through a glass tube 50 cm. long and 5 cm. internal diameter, containing a porous quartz filter-plate 1 cm. thick or several layers of nickel gauze 3-4 mm. thick, arranged 39 cm from one end, this end portion serving to preheat the gas to 400 DEG  C.; then chlorine is added to the methane, the preheating being reduced to 250 DEG  C.; the products are methyl and methylene chlorides and small quantities of chloroform and carbon tetrachloride; (3) in a similar manner propane is chlorinated the preheating being to 220-240 DEG  C., and the reaction temperature 350-375 DEG  C.; the products are propyl and isopropyl chlorides, dichlorpropane, and a small quantity of more highly chlorinated products.
Patent GB-495695-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in record-controlled statistical machines
Filed: 1937-12-15
Abstract: 495,695. Photo-electric apparatus for examining statistical records. ASTLEY, N. H. Dec. 15, 1937, No. 2577. [Class 40 (iii)] Relates to statistical machines controlled by record cards a carrying transverse rows of multiple-unit code characters, for example a sixunit code of two longitudinal rows of units r<1>, r<2> and three transverse rows of units h<1>, h<2>, h<3>. According to the invention, the record card is given a uni-directional stepped movement in the longitudinal direction of one complete row of characters at a time between a source of light e and a photo-electric cell d, and is scanned while at rest by means of a rotatable drum c having a helical series of perforations c', c<2> ... , the scanning of one complete row of characters being performed during each complete revolution of the drum and in such a manner that the successive longitudinal rows of units of each successive character of a row of characters are successively scanned in the same longitudinal direction. A fixed perforated screen b is interposed between the scanning drum and the record card. The scanning cylinder is geared to a commutator f, g for distributing the individual signals from a thermionic device i associated with the photo-electric cell d to corresponding solenoids k controlling notched bars l to determine the operation of the machine in a known way. In a modification, the scanning is performed by a rotating disc having a spiral series of perforations.
Patent GB-580399-A (GB)
Title: Improved friction wheels for ignition lighters
IPC: F23Q2/46
Filed: 1945-02-02
Abstract: 580,399. Friction igniters. FRASER, R. G. Feb. 2, 1945, No. 2629. [Class 75 (iii)] The friction - whee A of a lighter has curved teeth, the radiu of curvature being les than the distance from the centre of the friction wheel to the centre of the wick C so that the sparks are concentrated on to the wick.
Patent GB-821311-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in hoods for motor cars
IPC: B60J7/12
Filed: 1955-01-28
Abstract: 821,311. Folding roofs. THRUPP & MABERLY Ltd., and WARDEN, W. F. Jan. 27, 1956 [Jan. 28, 1955], No. 2693/55 Class 108(1) A hoop stick 14 is provided with a slot 15 to retain the beaded part 17 of a roof 10a, 10b. Specifications 268,282 [Class 108(i)], 638,270 [Group XVI], and 688,226 are referred to.
Patent GB-574679-A (GB)
Title: Polymeric esters
IPC: C08G16/02
Filed: 1943-02-18
Abstract: Polymeric esters are prepared by heating at a temperature between 25 DEG  C. and 250 DEG  C. an aliphatic aldehyde and a monomeric or polymeric anhydride of a dicarboxylic acid having at least three contiguous atoms between its carboxyl groups.  Suitable anhydrides are those derived from glutaric, adipic, pimelic, sebacic, octadecanedioic, 1-3 butanedicarboxylic, terephthalic, isophthalic, homophthalic, hexahydroterephthalic, tetrahydroterephthalic, diglycollic, thiodiglycollic, b b 1 - methyl - iminodipropionic, or b b 1-thiodipropionic acid. The anhydrides may be prepared by heating the acid with acetic anhydride and distilling off water under reduced pressure.  The preferred aldehyde is formaldehyde.  Paraformaldehyde, trioxane, paraldehyde, butyraldehyde, valeraldehyde or furfural may also be employed.  The reaction should be performed under substantially anhydrous conditions.  It may be performed in open or closed vessels, and at atmospheric, sub-atmospheric or superatmospheric pressures, if desired in presence of an inert solvent.  A catalyst such as sulphuric acid, copper sulphate, ferrous sulphate or ferric chloride may be present.  Molar equivalents of reagents are preferred.  Excess of a volatile aldehyde is desirable when reacting in an open vessel.  If a deficiency of aldehyde is employed products are formed containing both anhydride and methylene or substituted methylene linkages.  Treatment with water or alcohol then yields dicarboxylate compounds of lower molecular weight.  The reaction may be performed in a molecular still.  The polymers range from viscous syrups to low melting resins and are soluble in dilute alkali and in numerous organic solvents.  Benzene and acetone are mentioned as solvents in the examples.  They may be used as resins or plasticisers for resins or cellulose derivatives, as gum substitutes or textile sizes. Examples describe polyesters from: (1) polyadipic anhydride and paraformaldehyde; (2) polyadipic anhydride and paraldehyde; (3) diglycollic anhydride and paraformaldehyde; (4) polysebacic anhydride and paraformaldehyde; (5) polyadipic anhydride and trioxane; (6) polyadipic anhydride and paraformaldehyde; and (7) homophthalic anhydride and paraformaldehyde.
Patent GB-111954-A (GB)
Title: Improved Means for Removing Caps from Bottles.
Inventor: LOW THEODORE HENRY
IPC: B67B7/16
Filed: 1917-02-24
Abstract: 111,954. Low, T. H. Feb. 24, 1917. Prising-tools for removing capsules.-An appliance for removing crown caps from bottles and adapted to be operated by the hand grasping the bottle neck comprises a cap-engaging head, a fulcrum resting on top of the cap, and a downwardly extending handle which, when the opener is in position, is substantially parallel to the bottle. Fig. 1 shows an opener made from one piece of wire. The head 2, which has a nib 1 to engage under the edge of the cap flange, extends about half-way round the cap flange, is bent inwards and upwards at 3 to grip opposite sides of the flange, and then extends inwardly at 4 over the top of the cap and downwardly to form a fulcrum near the centre of the cap. The two parts of the wire then extend upwards clear of the cap and then downwards to form a handle 5, which has outwardly curving ends 7. In a modification, the lower part of the handle encircles the bottle neck. As shown in Fig. 3, the head 8 does not encircle the cap and a cross-piece 10, which is fastened under the head, may have its ends 11 bent to grip the cap flange. The end of the handle is divided to grip the bottle neck, its extreme ends 12 flaring outwards. In another arrangement, Fig. 4, with an open head, two hooks 14 engage under the cap flange, and springs 16 are fastened to the handle to hold the opener on the bottle.
Patent GB-292434-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in sparking plugs for internal combustion engines
IPC: H01T13/36
Filed: 1928-01-28
Abstract: 292,434. Cooper, J., and Pickard, W. S., (trading as C. & P. Electrical & Plug Co.). Jan. 28, 1928. Sparking-plugs. - A fused silica insulating member T is retained in position on a seating S<5> by heatresisting material H such as those known under the registered Trade Marks " Bakelite " or " Arcovite." Packings C, W are inserted, and the outer end S<6> of the casing truned over. The sparking terminals E, S<4>, and the whole or part of the central conductor may consist of a material termed " graphite silicon," to prepare which ten parts of cryolite, five parts of powdered glass free from lead, and one part of powdered aluminium are fused together for from half an hour to an hour, and are then boiled with hydrochloric and nitric acids. Hydrofluoric acid is added cold, and the resulting flat spangles are given the required form by cohesion or casting. The outer part B may consist of brass.
Patent GB-1074583-A (GB)
Title: Sheet-handling apparatus
Inventor: JONES GEORGE SHAPLEY
IPC: G03B27/06
Filed: 1963-01-23
Abstract: 1,74,583. Photographic copying apparatus. EASTMAN KODAK CO. Feb. 19, 1964 [Jan. 23, 1963], No.2814/63. Heading G2A. In a document-copying apparatus in which a photographic sheet is transported through a treatment zone, an adjustable member sets the degree of exposure to said treatment, and a reset mechanism automatically returns the adjustable member to a predetermined position after the sheet has left the treatment zone. The invention is shown as applied to a contact printing apparatus, Fig. 2, in which the photographic sheets are conveyed between an endless band 36 and a transparent drum 35, within which is a lamp-bank 1. The lamp-bank is rotatable, between the positions shown in full and dotted lines, so as to vary the degree of exposure, in co-operation with a fixed opaque shield 39 close to the inner surface of the drum. The bank is rotated by a handle 3, through an endless chain 6 passing over a sprocket 5 and another sprocket 2 on the shaft of the bank. The degree of rotation is measured by a helical scale 10 on a roller 9, also actuated by chain 6. The reset mechanism comprises a roller 21 connected through a clutch 22 with a cylinder 20. At the other end of roller 21 is a worm 33. When a sheet P is pushed into the apparatus, it engages against a cranked section of a shaft 30, displacing the shaft angularly, and so disengaging its hooked end 32 from worm 33. The shaft can now move in direction B under the action of spring 31, so switching on the driving means for a roller 21, and also allowing a catch 23, pivoted at 25, to turn under spring 26. A pin 24 on cylinder 20, previously resting against surface 27 of the catch, now rests against an indented surface 28. When the sheet P has passed completely over shaft 30, it is spring-urged back to its original position, so that hook 32 re-engages worm 33, and so shaft 30 is gradually moved back (opposite direction to B). As catch 23 is pushed round, pin 24 is released for a sufficient time for cylinder 20 to continue rotating for one complete revolution. A pin 16, mounted eccentrically at the end of cylinder 20, engages in a slot 17 in a lever 14 pivoted at 15, and can thus impart a reciprocating movement to the lever. This causes an arm 12 of the lever to engage against one or the other end of a crescent-shaped lobe 13 fixed to sprocket 2, till a final position is reached in which it is in contact with both lobes at once, so that the lamp bank is automatically returned to its original position.
Patent GB-123526-A (GB)
Title: Method of Casting Grooves or Impressions in Rollers or other Objects with Aid of Chill Moulds and Apparatus therefor.
Inventor: ELLBOJ JOHN
IPC: B22D15/00
Filed: 1919-02-05
Abstract: 123,526. Ellboj, J. Feb. 21, 1918, [Convention date]. Moulds.-Relates to chill-moulds for casting grooved rollers &c., and consists in means for allowing the chills to follow the casting as it contracts in cooling. Fig. 3 shows a mould for a grooved roller. The chills a to form the grooves are connected together and to a metal-receiving cylinder c by bands b of hoop iron. The chills may be segmental to allow of easy removal from the casting. Packing of asbestos &c. prevents the metal from passing between the chills and the mould d.
Patent GB-524337-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in insertions for tobacco pipes
IPC: A24F5/08
Filed: 1939-01-27
Abstract: 524,337. Tobacco pipes. KLINGENSTIERNA, C. A. Jan. 27, 1939, No. 2886. Convention date, Feb. 2, 1938. [Class 130] In a tobacco-pipe plug having a perforated grate for supporting the tobacco, beneath which is a downward unperforated extension 1 in the form of a cylinder or a truncated cone open at the lower end, the cylinder or cone is provided at its lower edge with downwardly directed flaps 9, 10, 11, tc control the draught within the base of the bowl. As shown, the plug is formed from a sheet-metal blank, Fig. 1, by bending over flaps 2, 4, 6, 8 to form the grate. Flaps 3, 5, 7 bear against the sides of the bowl and the flap 5 may be bent over the edge of the bowl, while the flap 11 is bent horizontally.
Patent GB-430836-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in apparatus for the determination of the refraction of the eye
IPC: A61B3/103
Filed: 1934-01-29
Abstract: 430,836. Sight - testing apparatus. REASON, R. E., and KAPELLA, Ltd., 104, Stoughton Street,Leicester. Jan. 29, 1934, Nos. 2895 and 30334. [Class 97 (i)] Relates to apparatus for determining the refraction of the eye, of the kind comprising a projection system for forming an image of a target on the retina and an observation system for inspecting the retina and the image formed thereon, such apparatus being mounted for rotation about an axis, which should pass through the centre of the pupil of the eye being tested. According to the invention, the observation system includes means for forming images of both the retina and the pupil of the eye and for observing these images either simultaneously or alternatively, so that the position of the axis of rotation with respect to the centre of the pupil can be determined. The observation system may be such that the two images are coplanar so that they can be seep together ; or the images may be formed in different planes so that they can be seen alternatively, either by displacing the eyepiece or by moving additional optical elements into, or out of, the system. Fig. 3 shows an arrangement of the last-mentioned kind, applied to apparatus of the type described in Specification 430,761. The projection system comprises a light source 17, lenses 18, 19, slit-target 20, reflector 21, slit 22, reflector 25 and a lens 26 forming a primary target image at 27, this image being imaged on the retina 30 by a lens 28 and the eye lens 29. The lenses 28, 26 have their focal planes at the lens 29 and reflector 25 respectively so that an image of the pupil is formed at 25. The lenses 29, 28 form an image of the retina at 27 and this image is imaged at 31 by the lens 26. Light-dividing means 32 are arranged in the plane of the image 31 to divide the rays into two parts, one of which passes through a reversing prism 35 so that two relatively-reversed half images are formed at 39, these images being observed in an eyepiece 40, 41. To enable the image of the pupil to be observed without moving the eyepiece, auxiliary elements comprising a pupil-sighting lens 45 and field lens 46 can be swung into the system, so as to form at 39 an image of the pupil image formed in the plane of the reflector 25. In order to obtain a continuous image of the pupil, an auxiliary reversing prism may be arranged to be inserted in that part of the beam between the lenses 33, 38 which normally produces the unreversed half-image, or the prism 35 may be withdrawn simultaneously with the insertion of the lenses 45, 46 into the system. A system employing bifocal or annular lenses for forming both the pupil and retinal images in the same plane for simultaneous observation is also described.
Patent GB-580011-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in multi-filter assemblies for filtering oil or liquids
IPC: B01D35/12
Filed: 1944-02-17
Abstract: 580,011. Filtering liquids. TECALEMIT, Ltd., and LE CLAIR, C. C. S. Feb. 17, 1944, No. 3005. [Class 46] - In a duplex filter assembly comprising a common head carrying detachably two containers each provided with a filter element, a flow control valve turnably mounted within the head includes a liquid transfer passage in constant communication with an outlet passage in the head, the valve having two operator positions in each of which one filter is in communication with the inlet and outlet passages in the head while the other filter is isolated from the flow of liquid. In the construction shown, filters A, B are secured to a head comprising a carrier 1, a valve cover 2 and a valve plate 3. Each filter, of star-shaped section, is secured within a container 4 by means of a bolt 5 provided with a hand knob 7. The carrier 1 has an outlet port 13 for filtered oil from filter B and an inlet port 16 communicating with the space 18 around the filter. Similar ports are provided in connections with filter A. The valve plate 3, shown inverted in Fig. 7, is provided with a circular boss with three outlet ports, 27, 28, 29 and two inlet ports 30, 31, the port 28 communicating by passage 37 with an arcuate slot 38. This slot registers with a similar slot 23 in the valve cover 2, shown inverted in Fig. 4, the slot 23 communicating with the main outlet 24. The cover 2 is formed with a chamber 21 shaped to fit around the boss on the valve plate 3. Within the plate is a valve 19, Figs. 3 and 5, which is provided with sector-shaped ports 41, 42 and a transfer passage 44 covered by a plate 43. Pins 49 projecting from the valve engage in 'holes in a flange 48 integral with a spindle 47 which at its upper end is fixed in a T-shaped opening in a hand lever 53. A bolt plate 60 provided with lugs 62, 63 is slidably mounted above the lever 53 and is formed with a T-shaped opening engaged by a projection on the lever 53, so that the plate slides as the lever is partly rotated, the movement of the lever being limited by stops 68, 69. In either of the extreme positions of the lever one of the lugs 62, 63 engages in a recess 72 in one or other of the hand knobs 7 whereby detachment of the filter which is in operation is prevented. Assuming that the lever 53 is against the stop 68, liquid entering through inlet 20 passes through chamber 21, port 42 in the valve 19, port 31 in the plate 3, and port 16 in the carrier 1 to filter B. Filtered liquid flows through outlet 13, passage 36, port 29, transfer passage 44, outlet port 28, arcuate slots 38, 23 and main outlet 24. The inlet and outlet passages of filter A are masked by the valve 19 so that this filter is isolated from the system. The filters are primed by means of a valve 74 provided with a knob 79 so that the valve may partly be withdrawn against spring pressure, permitting communication between passages leading to the inlets to the two filters. Any entrapped air may be removed through two vent valves 84 operated by press buttons 92.
Patent GB-292189-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in resilient wheels for road vehicles
IPC: B60C7/18
Filed: 1927-02-02
Abstract: 292,189. Charley, J. J. Feb. 2, 1927. Spring wheels. - A spring wheel comprises a hub 2 formed with a perforated flange 3, and an outer rim 5 flanged to grip a rubber tread 11. Pockets 13 in the rim 5 carry perforated rubber buffers 15, similar pockets 18 being formed on the flange 3 to receive buffers 19. Each buffer 19 carries a member 20 ending in a forked knife-edge 22 to receive a member 23 having an inverted double extended V 24 which is carried on the knife-edge 22. The member 20 is formed with a recess 25 having a hole 26 in its base. A spring 27 is placed in the recess 25 and carries a perforated cap 29. IinifeÀedge bearings 29a on each side of the cap 29, preferablv set at right-angles to the bearings on the member 23,' receive the knife-edge bearings 29b of a nut 29c thre.aded on a bolt 33 which passes centrally through the recess 25 to connect the rim 5 to the flange 3. The spaced bolts 33 are formed with flat heads 34 to engage under the buffers 15. The construction may be adapted for use with twin tyres by forming a central hub web 40 with flanges 41, one on each side of the web, and flanges 41 having its own outer rim 5 and tread, as shown in Fig. 2. In a modified construction, the bolts 33 pass through the tread, the heads of the bolts fitting in recesses in the tread, which may be formed of harder rubber at the road-engaging portion. As shown in Fig. 11, members 47 with pockets 48 to hold the bolts 33 may take the place of the rings forming the rim 5, the members 47 being connected together by helical springs 48<a>, which are fitted in pairs.
Patent GB-215087-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to furniture for sitting or lying upon
IPC: A47C17/207
Filed: 1923-02-01
Abstract: 215,087. Edwards, H. Feb. 1, 1923. Rests, legs; bedsteads convertible into seats.- A leg-rest for seats, couches &c. comprises members 4, 5 hingedly connected together and to a support 16, the latter being hinged to a sliding frame 7, 11. and the member 4 being adjustablyconnected with the chair frame. When the legrest is fully extended and the pivoted back islowered, the chair may be used as a bed.
Patent GB-1376392-A (GB)
Title: Polymer gels
IPC: A62D1/00
Filed: 1972-01-21
Abstract: 1376392 Polymer gel compositions DOW CHEMICAL CO 21 Jan 1972 [21 Jan 1971] 3047/72 Heading C3P [Also in Divisions A5 and E1] Compositions having increased adherence to cellulosic materials comprise a water-swellable, water-insoluble polymer gel in intimate mixture with from 1-100% by weight (based on the weight of dry gel) of a water-soluble cationic polymer. Preferred polymer gels are crosslinked polyacrylamides prepared by copolymerizing acrylamide with a crosslinking monomer containing two ethylenic double bonds, e.g. methylene-bis-acrylamide, in an aqueous medium and subsequently partially hydrolysing with alkali metal hydroxide to convert up to 50% of the carboxamide groups in the polymer to alkali metal carboxylate groups. Other useful polymer gels can be derived from crosslinked polyacrylate salts, crosslinked polymers and copolymers of vinyl oxazolidinone, vinylpyrrolidone, methacrylate salts or styrene sulphonate salts, and styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers crosslinked with a glycol. The cationic polymer may be a polyalkylene polyamine, a polyalkylenimine, or the product obtained by reacting a partially hydrolysed polyacrylamide with formaldehyde and dimethylamine to introduce dimethylaminomethyl substituents into the polymer. Exemplified polyamines or polyimines are polyethylenimine, polypropylenimine, polyethylene polyamine and polybutylene polyamine. The composition is preferably formed by adding an aqueous solution of the cationic polymer to the dry or partially water-swollen polymer gel, mixing mechanically and, for most purposes, drying the mixture to give a product in the form of fine granules or a powder. Products in which the polymer gel is swollen with water can be used in fire-fighting by being sprayed on or around the fire. In another embodiment the product can be applied to the surface of a cellulosic substrate for use as a water-absorbent article such as a bandage, pad or tissue; if the substrate is canvas or burlap the product can be used as a portable base for an ice rink, or as a roof covering for evaporative cooling of houses. Further applications of the treated cellulosic substrates are as a moisture barrier in porous soil and as a cover for retaining moisture on ski or sledding slopes.