Patent GB-704390-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to synthetic detergent compositions
Inventor: VITALE PETER TAMBURO
IPC: C11D1/52
Filed: 1950-11-28
Abstract: A detergent composition comprises a synthetic sulphated or sulphonated alkyl-aromatic or fatty acyl-containing detersive compound, an inorganic polyphosphate and a minor proportion of a fatty acid amide having 10 to 20 carbon atoms in the acyl group. The alkyl aromatic sulphonate detergent may be derived from benzene, toluene, xylene, phenol, cresols, phenol ethers, naphthalene, phenanthrene or other aromatic compound of single or multiple ring structure.  The alkyl substituent may be propyl, hexyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl. keryl, or mixed alkyls derived from fatty materials, cracked paraffin wax olefins or polymers of lower mono-olefins.  Preferably the alkyl group contains at least 8 carbon atoms, desirably 10-16. Other substituents may be present in the aromatic nucleus, e.g. alkyl groups containing 5 carbon atoms or less.  The acyl group of the fatty acyl containing sulphate or sulphonate detergent may have at least 8 carbon atoms. Specified examples include higher (i.e. having at least 8 carbon atoms) fatty acid ethanolamide sulphates, sulphuric acid esters of polyhydric alcohol partial esters of higher fatty acids (coconut oil monoglyceride monosulphate, tallow diglyceride monosulphate), hydroxy sulphonated higher fatty acid esters (higher fatty acid esters of 2, 3-dihydroxy propane sulphonic acid) and the higher fatty acid esters of low molecular weight alkyl sulphonic acids (oleic acid ester of isethionic acid).  The sulphated and sulphonated aliphatic carboxylic esters of fatty acids containing at least 10 carbon atoms, especially 12 to 26 carbon atoms, in the molecule, derived from fatty oils, and sulphated, or sulphonated mono and diglycerides or partial fatty acid esters of polyglycols are preferred.  The detergents may be used as their water soluble sodium, potassium, ammonium, amine, alkylolamine, or alkaline-earth salts, in amounts of at least 10 and preferably 20 to 50 per cent. by weight of total solids.  The preferred amides have the general formula R-CO-NXY wherein R-CO- is a fatty acyl radical having 10 to 20 and preferably 12 to 16 carbon atoms and X and Y are the same or different and represent hydrogen or alkyl or alkylol radicals of 1 to 5 carbon atoms and preferably 1 or 2.  It is preferred that non-alkylol amides should have a chain of 10-14 carbon atoms in the acyl group, monoalkylolamides a chain of 10-16 carbon atoms and dialkylolamides a chain of 12-22 carbon atoms.  Specific examples include palmityl ethanolamide, myristylethanolamide, laurylethanolamide, oleylethanolamide, myristamide, lauramide, stearamide, lauric diethanolamide and amides prepared from mixtures of fatty acids derived from fats, oils and waxes of animal, vegetable and marine origin.  The amide additive may be used in amounts between 1 and 10 per cent. by weight of the composition.  The polyphosphate additives are preferably those of the formula M5P3O10, where M is sodium, potassium or other alkali metal or ammonium.  The alkali metal hexametaphosphates may also be employed.  At least 20 per cent. by weight of the composition, and preferably from 20 to 50 per cent., may be polyphosphate.  Organic or inorganic builders may be present in the compositions, such as silicates, alkali metal phosphates (e.g. a tetrapyrophosphate), sulphates or carbonates, carboxymethylcellulose salts, and esters such as ethylene glycol monostearate and methyl palmitate.  It is preferred to make the compositions by one of the following methods: (1) by addition of the solid polyphosphates and amides to a 40-50 per cent. aqueous slurry of the active ingredient with stirring to form a paste, (2) by solution of the amides in a solvent, e.g. ethanol, and addition of this solution to a slurry of the active ingredient before, during or after addition of the polyphosphates, (3) by emulsifying the polyphosphates and amide in water with a minor proportion of the active ingredient to a creamy consistency and incorporating the so-formed emulsion into a slurry of the active ingredient.  The compositions so formed may be made up as solutions, pastes or finely divided dry or partially hydrated solid products.  In an example a composition is prepared from 30 per cent. sodium salts of coconut oil fatty acid monoglyceride monosulphates. 50 per cent. sodium tripolyphosphate, 3 per cent. sodium silicate, 3 per cent. sodium carbonate, 2 per cent. palmityl ethanolamide and 12 per cent. sodium sulphate.  Specification 704,391 and U.S.A.  Specification 2,315,983 are referred to.