Patent GB-440574-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the sizing of absorbent materials
IPC: D21H17/53
Filed: 1934-07-02
Abstract: Absorbent material, e.g. paper, woven cotton, wool, felts and textiles in general, leather, mineral fibres such as asbestos, and wall board are sized and water-proofed by treatment with an aqueous emulsion formed by neutralizing a polyhydric alcohol-polybasic acid resin modified with a monobasic acid to the extent of 50--95 per cent of the acidity of the resin with an inorganic or an organic base, the resin having an acid number between 25 and 70, preferably between 40 and 55, and containing in combined form from 60--90 per cent, preferably 65--80 per cent, of a polyhydric alcohol ester of a saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having an alkyl radicle containing not less than 15 carbon atoms.  Suitable monocarboxylic acids are stearic, palmitic, margaric, nondecylic, arachidic, behenic, lignoceric, cerotic, melissic or mixtures thereof, such as those obtainable by saponification of completely hydrogenated fatty oils or other saturated glycerides and esters containing an alkyl radicle of more than 15 carbon atoms.  Suitable polyhydric alcohols include glycerol, ethylene glycol and higher homologues, diethylene glycol and other polyglycols, polyglycerols, triethanolamine, pentaerythritol, partial ethers and esters of glycerol such as monobenzylin, or monoethylin, polyvinyl alcohols or mixtures thereof. Instead of or in addition to phthalic anhydride, succinic, adipic, sebacic, azelaic, fumaric, itaconic, suberic, tartaric, citric, dilactylic, thiodilactylic, salicylacetic, chlorophthalic, diphenic, naphthalic, pyromellitic, trimesic, tricarballylic acids or mixtures may be used.  a suitable resin is obtained by heating together to 200 DEG  C., with stirring, glycerol, phthalic anhydride and stearic acid.  The resin is dispersed in a dilute solution of caustic soda at 60 DEG  C. with rapid agitation, to produce is a 20 per cent emulsion of the resin.  Other alkaline materials e.g. ammonia, trisodium phosphate, sodium silicate, methylamines, butylamines or triethanolamine can be used.  This emulsion may be used as a size for paper, and the amount of resin applied may vary from 0,24--10 per cent of the weight of the paper, generally from 0,5--2 per cent.  In an example a resin prepared by heating together glycerol, phthalic anhydride and stearic acid in the manner previously described was emulsified in dilute caustic soda solution and used for sizing kraft paper. Starch or casein may be added to the size emulsion to improve the finish and resistance to grease.  Other strengthening agents are animal glue, gelatine, water-soluble gums, and viscose. Polyhydric alcohols e.g. glycerin or carbohydrates e.g. dextrin, sucrose may be incorporated in the size emulsion.  Specification 363,997 is referred to.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 also states that dyes and pigments e.g. clays, china clay, satin white, titanium dioxide, lithopone, barium sulphate, p. toner red, ultramarine blue or chrome green, may be used with the size emulsion. Waxes e.g. petrolatum, paraffin, Asiatic, ceresin, Carnauba or Japan wax may also be added, preferably by melting the resin and wax together and then emulsifying as described.  An emulsifying agent e.g. sulphonated oil, sulphonated petroleum residue, triethanolamine stearate or sodium stearate is preferably added.  The resin may also be modified with other synthetic resins e.g. phenolformaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde or vinyl resins or natural resins such as rosin, ester gum, Copal or kauri.  The resin is melted with the acid modified glycerol phthalate resin and then emulsified.  When modifying the resin with a wax and/or other resin a protective colloid e.g. casein, glue or egg albumen may be added.  Rubber latex may also be incorporated into the size emulsions.  This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.ALSO:Absorbent material, e.g. paper, woven cotton, wool, felts and textiles in general, leather, mineral fibres such as asbestos, and wall board are sized and waterproofed by treatment with an aqueous emulsion formed by neutralizing a polyhydric alcohol-polybasic acid resin modified with a monobasic acid to the extent of 50--95 per cent of the acidity of the resin with an inorganic or an organic base, the resin having an acid number between 25 and 70, preferably between 40 and 55, and containing in combined form from 60--90 per cent, preferably 65--80 per cent, of a polyhydric alcohol ester of a saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having an alkyl radicle containing not less than 15 carbon atoms. Suitable monocarboxylic acids are stearic, palmitic, margaric, nondecylic, arachidic, beheric, lignoceric, cerotic, melissic or mixtures thereof, such as those obtainable by saponification of completely hydrogenated fatty oils or other saturated glycerides and esters containing an alkyl radicle of more than 15 carbon atoms. Suitable polyhydric alcohols include glycerol, ethylene glycol and higher homologues, diethylene glycol and other polyglycols, polyglycerols, triethanolamine, pentaery - thritol, partial ethers and esters of glycerol such as monobenzylin, or monoethylin, polyvinyl alcohols or mixtures thereof.  Instead of or in addition to phthalic anhydride, succinic, adipic, sebacic, azelaic, fumoric, itaconic, suberic, tartaric, citric, dilactylic, thiodilactylic salicylacetic, chlorophthalic, diphenic, naphthalic, pyromellitic, trimesic, tricarballylic acids or mixtures may be used.  A suitable resin is obtained by heating together, with stirring, 15.6 pts. glycerol, 20.18 pts. phthalic anhydride and 64.22 pts. stearic acid by weight.  The temperature is raised to 200 DEG  C. over one hour, and then maintained until the product has an acid number of 47.  100 pts. by weight of the above resin at 100 DEG  C., and 61.0 pts. by wt. of a 5 per cent solution of caustic soda at 60 DEG  C., are added simultaneously and in proportionate rates to 349 pts. of water at 60 DEG  C. with rapid agitation.  The alkali solution should be added slightly in advance of the resin.  The product is a 20 per cent emulsion of the resin.  Other alkaline materials, e.g. ammonia, trisodium phosphate, sodium silicate, methylamines, butylamines or triethanolamine can be used.  A resin prepared by heating together 14.19 pts. by weight of glycerol, 15--17 pts. of phthalic anhydride and 70.64 pts. of stearic acid in the manner previously described was emulsified by adding 100 pts. by weight of resin at 100 DEG  C., and 63.7 pts. of 5 per cent caustic soda solution at 60 DEG  C., to 344 pts. of water at 60 DEG  C., and used for sizing 70 pound basis weight kraft paper on a Foudrinier machine equipped with two stacks of calenders.  Specification 363,997 is referred to.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 also states that waxes, e.g. petrolatum, paraffin, Asiatic, ceresin, Carnauba or Japan wax may also be added, preferably by melting the resin and wax together and then emulsifying as described.  An emulsifying agent, e.g. sulphonated oil, sulphonated petroleum residue, triethanolamine stearate or sodium stearate is preferably added.  The resin may also be modified with other synthetic resins, e.g. phenolformaldehyde, ureaformaldehyde or vinyl resins or natural resins such as rosin, ester gum, Copal or kauri.  The resin is melted with the acid modified glycerol phthalate resin and then emulsified.  When modifying the resin with a wax and/or other resin a protective colloid, e.g. casein, glue or egg albumen may be added.  Rubber latex may also be incorporated into the size emulsions.  This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.ALSO:Absorbent material, e.g. paper, woven cotton, wool, felts and textiles in general, leather, mineral fibres such as asbestos, and wall board are sized and waterproofed by treatment with an aqueous emulsion formed by neutralizing a polyhydric alcohol-polybasic acid resin modified with a monobasic acid to the extent of 50-95 per cent of the acidity of the resin with an inorganic or an organic base, the resin having an acid number between 25 and 70, preferably between 40 and 55, and containing in combined form from 60-90 per cent, preferably 65-80 per cent, of a polyhydric alcohol ester of a saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having an alkyl radicle containing not less than 15 carbon atoms. Suitable monocarboxylic acids are stearic, palmitic, margaric, nondecylic, arachidic, behenic, lignoceric, cerotic, melissic or mixtures thereof, such as those obtainable by saponification of completely hydrogenated fatty oils or other saturated glycerides and esters containing an alkyl radicle of more than 15 carbon atoms.  Suitable polyhydric alcohols include glycerol, ethylene glycol and higher homologues, diethylene glycol and other polyglycols, polyglycerols, triethanolamine, pentaerythritol, partial ethers and esters of glycerol such as monobenzylin, or monoethylin, polyvinyl alcohols or mixtures thereof.  Instead of or in addition to phthalic anhydride, succinic, adipic, sebacic, azelaic, fumaric, itaconic, suberic, tartaric, citric, dilactylic, thiodilactylic, salicylacetic, chlorophthalic, dipheric, naphthalic, pyromellitic, trimesic, tricarballylic acids or mixtures may be used.  A suitable resin is obtained by heating together, with stirring, 15,6 pts. glycerol, 20,18 pts. phthalic anhydride and 64,22 pts. stearic acid by weight. The temperature is raised to 200 DEG  C., over one hour, and then maintained until the product has an acid number of 47.  100 pts. by weight of the above resin at 100 DEG  C. and 61,0 pts. by weight of a 5 per cent solution of caustic soda at 60 DEG  C. are added simultaneously and in proportionate rates to 349 pts. of water at 60 DEG  C. with rapid agitation.  The alkali solution should be added slightly in advance of the resin.  The product is a 20 per cent emulsion of the resin.  Other alkaline materials