Patent GB-362465-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture and production of valuable lubricating oils
IPC: C10G71/00
Filed: 1930-06-30
Abstract: Lubricating oils are obtained by condensing unsaturated hydrocarbons in stages of successively increased temperature, and separating the condensed products formed in the first stage before effecting the second stage.  By this process the hydrocarbons poor in hydrogen and forming resinous condensation products are removed in the first stage.  The condensation is effected preferably below 150 DEG  C., and the stage-to-stage increase of temperature may be 3-70 DEG  C. Liquid unsaturated hydrocarbons such as those obtained by dehydrogenating or repeatedly cracking paraffinic or naphthenic hydrocarbons, are heated at 15-30 DEG  C. with aluminium chloride. When condensation is complete, the reaction product is decomposed with water, and the separated oil is distilled to yield a residue and a lubricating oil fraction which is treated with a further quantity of aluminium chloride and heated at 30-110 DEG  C.  The condensed product is then decomposed with water &c. to yield a lubricating oil. During condensation, gaseous olefines such as cracking gas may be added, the unsaturated hydrocarbons may be mixed with cyclic hydrocarbons such as crude benzol, naphthalene, or anthracene oil. Condensing agents specified are iron or zinc chloride, boron fluoride, sodium, aluminium or zinc dust, a mixture of oxalic and boric acids, phosphorous oxychloride, Florida earth or silica gel, sulphuric or hydrochloric acids or mixtures of these.  Different agents may be used in each stage of the condensation.  Reaction retarders such as zinc oxide, soda or ammonia may also be used. Suitable unsaturated hydrocarbons are made by dehydrogenating petroleum residues, benzines middle oils or the destructive hydrogenation products of coal, tars and oils.  The dehydrogenation may be effected by heating, for example, an oil containing paraffin wax to below 600 DEG  C. and at atmospheric or increased pressure, in the presence of catalysts of the 6th group of elements or their compounds especially oxides, and if desired in admixture with copper. The cracking may be effected in stages, for example of increasing temperature and decreasing pressure. The dehydrogenation may also be effected in the presence of oxygen, sulphur or halogen or halogen-exchanging compounds such as iodine or antimony trichloride.ALSO:Lubricating oils are obtained by condensing unsaturated hydrocarbons in stages of successively increased temperature, and separating the products formed in the first stage before effecting the second stage.  By this process the hydrocarbons poor in hydrogen and forming resinous condensation products are removed in the first stage.  The condensation is effected preferably below 150 DEG  C. and the stage to stage increase in temperature may be 3-70 DEG  C.  Liquid unsaturated hydrocarbons, such as those obtained by dehydrogenating or repeatedly cracking middle oils, benzines or other paraffinic or naphthenic hydrocarbons, are heated at 15-30 DEG  C. with aluminium chloride.  When condensation is complete, the reaction product is decomposed with water, and the separated oil is distilled to yield a residue and a lubricating oil fraction which is treated with a further amount of condensing agent and heated at 30 to 110 DEG  C.  The condensed product is then decomposed with water &c. to yield a lubricating oil.  During condensation gaseous olefines, such as cracking gas may be added. Cyclic hydrocarbons such as crude benzole, naphthalene or anthracene oil may be added to the reaction mixture.  Condensing agents specified are iron or zinc chloride, boronfluoride, a mixture of oxalic and boric acids, sulphuric or hydrochloric acids, phosphorous oxychloride, sodium, aluminium, zinc dust, Florida earth or silica gel or mixtures of these.  Different agents may be used in each stage of the condensation.  Reaction retarders such as zinc oxide, soda or ammonia may be used.