baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent AT-395987-B (AT)
Title: Method for the production of plastic sealing sheets
IPC: D06N7/02
Filed: 1987-12-04
Granted: 1993-04-26
Abstract: According to the invention, a plastic sealing sheet with an inner nonwoven is produced by leading the nonwoven 8 from above between two calender rollers 1, 2 arranged horizontally and, at the same time, introducing plasticized plastic 9 into the nip on both sides of the nonwoven. <IMAGE>
Patent AT-389142-B (AT)
Title: Lock
IPC: E05B11/00
Filed: 1987-12-31
Granted: 1989-10-25
Abstract: Lock with an insertable key, characterized in that, below the insertion orifice 2 for the key, a magnetic plate 3 is built into the lock case 1, and in that the top side 3a of the magnetic plate 3 is in the form of the outer surface of a circular cylinder, with the result that the key is prevented from falling out. <IMAGE>
Patent DK-153550-B (DK)
Inventor: BJOERK ANDERS KARL KONRAD
IPC: A61K31/495
Filed: 1983-08-01
Abstract: Diphenylbutyl-1-piperazinocarboxylates of the formulawherein R is alkyl straight or branch chained having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, aralkyl having from 7 to 9 carbon atoms or phenyl unsubstituted or substituted by one to three F, Cl, Br, lower alkyl having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, lower alkoxy having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, alkylenedioxy having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, -CF<sub>3</sub> or -CN substituents, R,-R<sub>4</sub> are independently H, CH<sub>3</sub>, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub> with cis or trans configuration provided that only two of them are other than hydrogen, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are described. Processes for their preparation are also described.The compounds are useful for treatment of mental disorders, such as aggression and psychosis in mammals.
Patent DK-161768-B (DK)
Inventor: COHEN ALBERTO
IPC: C12M1/00
Filed: 1984-09-07
Abstract: A solid organic waste is fermented in water in two phases, a hydrolysis/acidification phase and a methane fermentation phase. Solid organic waste is introduced in the first phase, of which waste at least 80% of the volume has a particle size larger than x mm, x being between 0.25 and 1.5 mm dependent on the introduced solid organic waste. The waste in the first phase is continuously or periodically stirred and is screened for the removal of particles smaller than x mm with liquid, whereafter the smaller particles are separated from the liquid and the so-separated liquid is at least mainly supplied to the methane fermentation space, while the separated smaller particles are recirculated to the first phase reactor and/or discharged.
Patent DK-157131-B (DK)
Inventor: TOTH EDIT
IPC: A61K31/325
Filed: 1983-12-27
Abstract: The invention relates to new carbamyloxybenzhydrol derivatives of the formula (1)whereinR<sub>1</sub> is hydrogen, halogen, trihalomethyl, alkyl having from one to 4 carbon atoms or alkoxy having from one to 4 carbon atoms;R<sub>2</sub> is hydrogen or an R<sub>3</sub>-NH-COO- group;R<sub>3</sub> is alkyl having from one to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having up to 7 carbon atoms, or phenyl, optionally substituted with one or more halogen(s).The compounds of the formula (I) show antilipaemic activity and can therefore be used in therapy for treating hyperlipaemia and coronary diseases. Pharmaceutical compositions containing them as active ingredient are also within the scope of the invention.
Patent FI-59822-B (FI)
Inventor: KROEYER KARL KRISTIAN KOBS
IPC: D21D1/32
Filed: 1975-10-29
Granted: 1981-06-30
Abstract: An apparatus for the deposition of dry fibres on a gas permeable wire comprising in combination a hammer mill having a lower perforated wall, a fibre distributor comprising a housing having a perforated plane-surfaced bottom wall, at least one plate member being located within said housing and extending inwardly from the inside of the side walls of said housing to divide it into an upper part and a lower part, a feed pipe connecting the hammer mill with the fibre distributor and a recycle pipe connecting the upper part of the housing of the distributor with the hammer mill.
Patent FI-70661-B (FI)
Inventor: BAUCH HELMUT
IPC: H04H60/04
Filed: 1980-08-08
Granted: 1986-06-06
Abstract: The disclosure relates to a broad band coupling arrangement with coupling point switches in ECL technology, whereby a plurality of coupling point switches are formed by a corresponding plurality of linkage elements which are integrated on one chip. In order to reduce the power comsumption, a switching transistor is inserted in the operating voltage supply of each chip, said switching transistor only being conductive when at least one linkage element of the appertaining chip is selected. The disclosure can particularly be employed in the distribution of video signals.
Patent FI-83213-B (FI)
Inventor: BERNATH GABOR
IPC: C07D217/14
Filed: 1985-04-11
Granted: 1991-02-28
Abstract: The invention relates to new 1-cyclohexyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline derivatives of the formula (I)    <IMAGE>  (I)  wherein R1 and R2 each independently represents hydrogen, hydroxyl or alkoxy having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, X is oxygen and Z is a =CH2 or =CH-COOR3 group, in which R3 is hydrogen or alkyl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; or X represents an =NR4 group, in which R4 is hydrogen or hydroxyl, and Z is a =CH-CN, =CH2 or =CH-COOR3 group, in which R3 is as defined above, and acid addition salts thereof. The compounds of formula (I) are pharmaceutically active, in particular show antispasm, analgesic, gastric acid secretion inhibiting, sedative and hypnotic activity and effectively reduce the alcoholic narcosis time. According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a process for the preparation of these compounds. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing them as active ingredient.
Patent FI-86611-B (FI)
Inventor: DILCHER DIETMAR
IPC: B61D19/02
Filed: 1986-03-14
Granted: 1992-06-15
Abstract: A swing-and-slide door for vehicles, especially railroad passenger vehicles. The leaf is suspended at the top on a positioning bushing on a supporting rail that extends over the total width of the door. At the bottom of the door a horizontal positioning rail is secured to the leaf. A positioning section slides back and forth mechanically secured in the positioning rail. The securing rail and positioning section are secured to the studs of two cranks. The cranks are fastened vertically separated to the vehicle superstructure by means of horizontal shaft studs and cranks studs that extend parallel to the direction of displacement, are connected by a connecting section, and are driven by a pneumatic cylinder. The door is opened in a sequence of two stages. The leaf is first displaced out of the closed position into a ready-to-slide position and then slid horizontally to the side in that position. The bottom and top of the leaf are mechanically secured during both stages.
Patent FI-92848-B (FI)
Inventor: HAELKER HELMUT
IPC: D21F7/08
Filed: 1988-07-19
Granted: 1994-09-30
Abstract: The material web has a support material with fibres attached thereto, all the fibres being resistant to an essentially neutral aqueous medium. The permeability of the web deteriorates in operation because of the formation of deposits and/or mechanical stresses. In order to be able to regenerate the original permeability by simple means, at least some of the fibres (1,4,8) consist at least partially of a material (3, 6, 10, 11, 12) which is soluble in a basic or acid, nucleophilic or electrophilic, reductive or oxidative medium to which the carrier material is resistant. <IMAGE>
Patent FI-85055-B (FI)
Inventor: NISKANEN JUHANI
IPC: F16C13/00
Filed: 1989-05-22
Granted: 1991-11-15
Abstract: The invention concerns a method for regulating the temperature of an adjustable-crown roll. The roll mantle (12) arranged revolving on the stationary axle (11) of the roll (10) is loaded by passing a pressure medium into a pressure chamber (15) or series of chambers formed between the axle (11) and the mantle (12) so as to correct the deflection of the roll mantle (12). The roll (10) is additionally heated/cooled by passing heating/cooling fluid into the roll (10). The heating/cooling fluid used for the regulation of the temperature of the roll (10) is introduced into the roll (10) as substantially uniformly distributed over the areas of the roll (10) in which heat is removed/produced in the radial direction of the roll. The heating/cooling fluid is passed into the pressure chamber (15) in the roll (10), in which case, by its means, pressurization of said chamber (15) is also carried out, and/or into the unpressurized chamber (16) of the roll (10), in which case the function of the fluid is exclusively regulation of the temperature. The invention further concerns a regulation system intended for carrying out the method.
Patent FI-93627-B (FI)
Title: Carton packaging for dry, free-flowing products
Inventor: PETERSEN STEEN MARKFOGED
IPC: B65D5/74
Filed: 1990-06-08
Granted: 1995-01-31
Abstract: A packaging carton for dry, free-flowing products, which is manufactured by folding and fixing of a flat carton part 2, which has been punched out beforehand and provided with fold lines 4, has a recloseable pouring spout 22 in an upper end section 10, the carton being suited to filling from the bottom end, which is afterwards closed, and the pouring spout 22 comprising a middle cap section 24, which from a transverse, upper edge 28 of one short narrow side 26 of the carton slopes down to an opposite narrow side thereof, and the cap section 24, which is situated at a distance from the edge 28, having a projecting tongue 38, which as a breakable seal is suitable for fixing to a flat top side 12 of the carton and which also serves as locking tongue 38, which by reclosing the pouring spout 22 is suitable for insertion under a transverse, free end edge section of the top side 12. A very advantageous packaging carton is thereby obtained, which can be simply and easily opened and reclosed and which can also be manufactured without projections or detrimental, vacant spaces at the recloseable end. <IMAGE>
Patent FI-92660-B (FI)
Title: Method for the manufacture of electronic components using carboxylic acid-based soft soldering flux
Inventor: KERNER RUDOLF A
IPC: B23K/
Filed: 1990-07-11
Granted: 1994-09-15
Abstract: This fluid soft soldering flux based on organic carboxylic acid is especially suitable for use in the production of electronic and electrical components. A particular characteristic of this fluid flux is that owing to its reduced solids content (e.g. 6%) it is suitable for SMT manufacturing and in circuit testers. The special suitability is achieved by the addition of alkyl fluorinated alcohols of the Rf-CH2-CH2-OH type, alicyclic and aromatic mono, di or polycarbon acids with at least one carbon ring or derivatives thereof using aliphatic mono, di, poly, keto or hydroxy carboxylic acids and quarternary ammonium salts.
Patent FI-98457-B (FI)
Inventor: EMONDS-ALT XAVIER
IPC: C07D307/68
Filed: 1991-09-04
Granted: 1997-03-14
Abstract: Arylalkylamines of formula: 
<IMAGE>
 in which: 
 
  - Y denotes 
  - either a group Cy-N in which: 
 
  Cy denotes an optionally substituted phenyl, a C3-C7 cycloalkyl, a pyrimidinyl or a pyridyl, 
 
  - or a group 
<IMAGE>
 in which 
 
  Ar denotes an optionally substituted phenyl, a pyridyl or a thienyl, 
  x is zero or one, 
  X denotes especially a hydroxyl, a C1-C4 alkoxy, a C1-C4 acyloxy, a carboxyl, a C1-C4 carbalkoxy, a cyano, a group -N-(X1)2 in which the groups X1 independently denote hydrogen or a C1-C4 alkyl, a group -S-X2 in which X2 denotes hydrogen or a C1-C4 alkyl group, a group 
<IMAGE>
 in which Alk is a C1-C6 alkyl, or else X forms a double bond with the carbon atom to which it is bonded and with the neighbouring carbon atom in the heterocyclic ring, 
 
  - m is 2 or 3, 
  - Ar' denotes an optionally substituted phenyl, a thienyl, a benzothienyl, a naphthyl or an indolyl, 
  - R denotes hydrogen or a C1-C6 alkyl, 
  - T denotes a group chosen from -CO- and -CW-NH-, W being an oxygen or sulphur atom, and 
  - Z denotes either hydrogen or M or OM when T denotes the group -CO-, or M when T denotes the group -CW-NH-, M denotes a C1-C6 alkyl, a phenylalkyl, a pyridylalkyl, a naphthylalkyl, a pyridylthioalkyl, a styryl or an optionally substituted mono-, di- or tricyclic aromatic or heteroaromatic group, 
  or one of its salts with inorganic or organic acids. 
 
<??>Application: antagonists of neurokinin receptors.
Patent FI-97109-B (FI)
Inventor: KRAUSE ANDREAS DR-ING
IPC: B22D11/12
Filed: 1992-02-07
Granted: 1996-07-15
Abstract: The invention relates to a process for continuous casting of thin slabs or round ingots, with a diameter of 8-40 mm, of copper alloys which tend to segregate during solidification. 
<??>To improve the ductility and to prevent segregations, it is provided to electromagnetically stir the melt within the continuous casting mould, the stirring power being about 0.5-100 W/cm<3> and the takeoff speed of the cast strand in the range of 0.05-1.3 m/min. 
<??>The process according to the invention is preferably suitable for continuous casting of thin slabs of copper-nickel-tin alloys with about 9-18% nickel and 5-10% tin which are to have an extremely fine-grained structure. 
<IMAGE>
Patent FI-92417-B (FI)
Title: Method and device for preheating spent liquor
Inventor: NIKKANEN SAMULI
IPC: D21C11/12
Filed: 1992-12-22
Granted: 1994-07-29
Abstract: Method and device for direct pre-heating of spent liquor in pre-heater, which comprises a spent liquor chamber or a spent liquor pipe 12 and a steam intake device 14. Steam is fed in from the steam intake device via steam apertures 20 in the spent liquor chamber. The pre-heating is controlled by closing or opening some of the steam apertures. <IMAGE>
Patent FI-110435-B (FI)
Inventor: OUTTRUP HELLE
IPC: C12R1/07
Filed: 1993-10-01
Granted: 2003-01-31
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/DK92/00103 Sec. 371 Date Aug. 18, 1993 Sec. 102(e) Date Aug. 18, 1993 PCT Filed Apr. 3, 1992 PCT Pub. No. WO92/17576 PCT Pub. Date Oct. 15, 1992An alkaline serine protease is disclosed which is obtainable from Bacillus sp. JA16-38A, NCIMB No. 40263 and which (a) has a pH optimum in the range of 9-11 determined at 25 DEG  C.; (b) has a temperature optimum in the range of 40 DEG -50 DEG  C. determined at pH 9.5; (c) is active in the presence of ethylene-diamine tetraacetate; and (d) has a mass of about 28 kD determined by SDS-PAGE. Detergent additives and detergent compositions comprising said protease and methods for producing said protease are also disclosed.
Patent FI-114325-B (FI)
Inventor: BERGMANN WERNER
IPC: D21H19/42
Filed: 1994-10-21
Granted: 2004-09-30
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/EP93/00540 Sec. 371 Date Aug. 16, 1994 Sec. 102(e) Date Aug. 16, 1994 PCT Filed Mar. 10, 1993 PCT Pub. No. WO93/22500 PCT Pub. Date Nov. 11, 1993.A print substrate, in particular paper, has a coat on one or both sides, which contains ungelatinized starch granules and kaolin as coating pigment and possibly one or more additional mineral pigments and binder and wherein the content of the starch granules is 2 to 25% by weight with respect to the total coating pigment; the binder proportion-with respect to the total pigment-is less than 12% by weight calculated as parts by weight when dry; the gloss of the coat after calendaring is greater than 40% as measured at an angle of 75 DEG  according to Lehmann; the mineral coating pigment comprises at least 60% by weight of kaolin and the mineral pigment component and starch granules make up the remainder to 100% by weight of the total coating pigment.
Patent FI-98005-B (FI)
Title: Ceiling attachment for an outlet pole
Inventor: LUNDAHL ANTERO
IPC: E04B2/82
Filed: 1995-09-05
Granted: 1996-12-13
Abstract: The invention concerns a ceiling fastening device for a plug box pillar comprising a tightening component arranged in the upper end of the plug box pillar 5 for bracing the pillar between floor and ceiling 10. The tightening component comprises a thread mechanism by which the length of the tightening component can be adjusted. To achieve a quick and easy installation, the thread mechanism comprises a hand-operated sleeve section 2, provided with an inner thread, whose thread is arranged to co-operate with a threaded foot section 3 arranged in the sleeve section 2. The other end of the sleeve section 2 is provided with a dowel piece 4, thrusting against a stop arranged in the upper end of the plug box pillar 5 and turning freely in the stop. <IMAGE>
Patent FI-120354-B (FI)
Inventor: TABOR STANLEY
IPC: C12Q1/68
Filed: 1997-04-16
Granted: 2009-09-30
Abstract: Modified gene encoding a modified DNA polymerase wherein the modified polymerase incorporates dideoxynucleotides at least 20-fold better compared to the corresponding deoxynucleotides as compared with the corresponding naturally-occurring DNA polymerase. <IMAGE>
Patent FI-111086-B (FI)
Inventor: AHO YRJOE
IPC: F23J15/00
Filed: 1999-07-08
Granted: 2003-05-30
Abstract: A method and an apparatus for reducing discharges of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide. Carbonaceous materials, wood, pieces of vegetation, products made therefrom, and especially vegetative and municipal wastes poorly suitable for energy production, are treated in such a way that the release of carbon dioxide back to the atmosphere is reduced and restrained substantially. This is accomplished such that an organic mass is carbonized by heating in a charring reactor (2) in an oxygen-free or limited-oxygen volume to charcoal (20), the amount of which is more than 50 % of the carbon content of the dry mass matter, and to a gas mixture (30), from which, after its burning and the recovery of primary energy, at least water vapour is condensed to water and the released heat is exploited on a counterflow principle in a countercurrent heater (1) in the heating and drying of materials to be fed into the process. The resulting charcoal (20) can be exploited in the purification of bodies of water and as soil conditioner.
Patent HU-188290-B (HU)
Inventor: LANDBECK MARTIN
IPC: C10M107/18
Filed: 1981-06-10
Abstract: A vizes kenőanyagkoncentrátum fémek melegmegmunkálásához
etoxilezett poli-propilén-glikolból,
poli-etilén-glikolból és oxidált polietilénből áll.
A kenőanyagkoncentrátumot elsősorban acélok
melegmegmunkálásánál használják Alkalmazásával
csökken a szerszám kopása, javul a munkadarab
felületének minősége és javulnak a munkaegészségügyi
és környezetvédelmi körülmények.
Patent HU-206342-B (HU)
Title: Process for producing 6-oxo-prostaglandine derivatives and pharmaceutical compositions containing them as active components
Inventor: KLAR ULRICH
IPC: C07C405/00
Filed: 1988-03-11
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/DE88/00151 Sec. 371 Date Nov. 23, 1988 Sec. 102(e) Date Nov. 23, 1988 PCT Filed Mar. 11, 1988 PCT Pub. No. WO88/07037 PCT Pub. Date Sep. 22, 1988.The invention relates to 6-oxo-prostaglandin E1 derivatives of formula I,   <IMAGE> (I)  in which R1 means the radical COOR2 with R2 meaning a hydrogen atom, C1-C10 alkyl, a C5-C6 cycloalkyl or a C6-C10 aryl group or a heterocyclic radical, or the radical CONHSO2 R5 as C1-10 alkyl, C5-6 cycloalkyl or C6-10 aryl, A means an E-configuration CH=CH or a -C=C group, W means a free or functionally modified hydroxymethylene group or a free or functionally modified group, and the OH group in each case can be in the alpha or beta position, D means a straight-chain or branched-chain alkylene group with 1-5 C atoms, E means a -C=C group or a C2-C4 alkenylene group, R3 means C1-C10 alkyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl or an optionally substituted C6-C10 aryl group or a heterocyclic group, R4 means a free or functionally modified hydroxy group, and if R2 means a hydrogen atom, its salts with physiologically compatible bases as well as alpha, beta or gamma cyclodextrin clathrates of the compounds of formula I, process for their production and their pharmaceutical use.
Patent HU-181736-B (HU)
Title: Process for producing new 3-amino-1-benzoxepine derivatives
Inventor: OHLENDORF HEINRICH-WILHELM
IPC: C07D313/08
Filed: 1980-07-29
Abstract: Novel 3-amino-1-benzoxepine derivatives and methods for their production are disclosed. These derivatives correspond to the Formula I    <IMAGE>  I  wherein: R1 and R2 independently of one another are hydrogen, C1-C5 alkyl, C1-C5 alkyl substituted with a terminal phenyl, or a phenyl containing one or two halogens, methyl or methoxy groups, a 3,4-methylenedioxy or a 3,4-ethylenedioxy group, C2-C5 alkyl substituted with terminal hydroxy or methoxy or, C3-C4 alkenyl; or one of R1 and R2 are hydrogen or a C1-C5 alkyl and the other is a C2-C5 alkyl substituted with a terminal NR7R8; R7 and R8 independently of one another are hydrogen or C1-C5 alkyl; or R7 and R8 are together a 5 to 7 member ring or said ring having heterogeneous oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen, or R1 and R2 are together a 5 to 7 member ring or said ring having heterogeneous oxygen, sulfur or NR9; R9 is hydrogen, methyl, benzyl, or phenyl; one of R3 and R4 is hydrogen and the other hydroxy, or R3 and R4 together are oxygen; R5 and R6 independently of one another are hydrogen, halogen, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy or C1-C4 alkylthio; or one of R5 and R6 is trifluoromethyl or nitro and the other is hydrogen; the stereo isomers and the acid addition salts thereof. These compounds have a favorable effect upon the motility of the gastro-intestinal tract and, therefore, constitute the active ingredient of pharmaceutical compositions and methods for the treatment of motility disorders.
Patent HU-199355-B (HU)
Inventor: ASBOTH JANOS
IPC: C02F1/00
Filed: 1986-05-12
Abstract: A találmány ivóvíz folyamkavics-teraszból történő termelésére irányuló megoldásra vonatkozik. A folyam (1) árvízszintet meghaladómagasságú parti sávjába (I) telepített csáposkút (5)-sor mögött egy belső védett sáv (II) és egy külső rekreációs sáv (III) van. Ez utóbbiban biológiai tisztító tavak (9—11), az előbbiben tározótavak (13—15) vannak. Egy ülepítő medence (6) a folyóval (1) bevezetŐmű (7) útján áll kapcsolatban. Az ülepítőmedence (6), a biológiai tisztítótavak (9— 11) és a tározótavak (13—15) áramlási szempontból egymással sorba vannak kapcsolva, és a tavak (6; 9—11; 13—15) feszített víztükörrel rendelkeznek. A folyó (1) vizét magas vízállásoknál az ülepítő medencén (6) át a tavakba (9—11; 13—15) juttatják, azokon igen lassan — hónapok alatt — átáramoltatják, miközben biológiailag megtisztul. A kutakból (5) nagyrészt ezt a megtisztult, a kavicstömegen át a kutakba (5) áramló vizet termelik ki.  HU 199355 B A leírás terjedelme: 15 oldal, 6 ábra -1-
Patent HU-197448-B (HU)
Inventor: TOTH IMRE
IPC: G01N27/07
Filed: 1984-05-24
Abstract: A találmány szerinti mérőcellában vonatkoztatási elektród (7) és szulfidion-szelektiv mérőelektród (6) van. A cella vonatkoztatási elektródként (7) üvegelektródot, grafitelektródot vagy nemesfém redoxi-elektródot tartalmaz. A nemesfém redoxi-elektród előnyösen platinaelektród.  197448 -1-
Patent HU-192842-B (HU)
Title: Process for preparing affinity sorbents
Inventor: ANTAL ISTVANNE
IPC: C07K17/10
Filed: 1983-08-17
Abstract: Amino-acids, neuro-transmitters and poly-peptides are immobilized on polymeric carriers by one of two methods: A mixed anhydride made up of protected amino-acid or protected neurotransmitter or protected poly-peptide and a chloroformic-acid-ester is contacted with a suspended poly-saccharide or poly-acrylamide type polymer contg. amino gps., the pH is adjusted to 7.0-7.5, the suspension is put on a shaker at 0 deg.C, then washed and dewatered. The resulting gel is suspended in a 1:1 mixt. of trifluoro-acetic-acid and dichloro-methane and shaken for 1-3 hours at 0 deg.C to remove the protective gps. The gel is subsequently washed with a 2:1:2 mixt. of dimethyl-formamide: water: acetone, then with distilled water, with acetone-water mixts. of increasing acetone content, with water-free acetone, with acetone-dichloromethane mixts. of increasing dichloro-methane content and finally with water-free dichloro-methane. This treatment is followed by rehydration with acetone-water mixts. of increasing water content. - The protected amino-acid, poly-peptide or neuro-transmitter can be linked to an active poly-saccharide-ester carrier, - dehydration and rehydration are carried out as above.