Patent GB-481924-A (GB)
Title: Process for the separation of biologically valuable constituents from starting materials of vegetable or animal origin
IPC: D05C9/14
Filed: 1935-05-27
Abstract: Constituents of protein-containing materials of vegetable or animal origin are separated by subjecting the material to physical methods of treatment which effect no chemical change therein (e.g. freezing) and then vigorously agitating the material in the presence of water and an organic liquid not miscible with water until a "gel" of protein stable to centrifuging is formed and separating the gel. Starting materials suitable for the treatment are blood, liver and other animal organs and protein containing extracts therefrom, yeast, bacteria, plant cell material.  The process may also be used for separating the protein-like hormones such as insulin and the thyreotropic and gonadotropic hormones, from accompanying proteins. As solvents there may be used chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, hexachlorethane, tetrachlorethane, high boiling mineral oil and mixtures thereof. Amyl alcohol may be added to prevent foaming. Examples describe the separation of polysaccharides from pneumococci by a treatment with liquid air and agitation with chloroform followed by separation of the polysaccharides from the aqueous solution by precipitation with alcohol or acetone, and the separation of catalase, blood pigment and lipoids from the blood of sheep or rabbits by freezing and agitation with chloroform, the catalase passing into the aqueous layer, the blood pigment forming a gel and the lipoids being dissolved in the chloroform.  Specifications 315,877, [Class 2 (iii)], and 417,513 are referred to.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 refers to the use of treatments by irradiation and electrical energy and includes examples of the separation of protein-free carbohydrates from egg white and from bacterium proteus by treatment with liquid air and chloroform agitation, and also of the separation of carbohydrate from egg white by chloroform agitating without treatment with liquid air. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.ALSO:Constituents of protein-containing materials of vegetable or animal origin are separated by subjecting the material to physical methods of treatment which effect no chemical change therein (e.g. freezing) and then vigorously agitating the material in the presence of water and an organic liquid not miscible with water until a "gel" of protein stable to centrifuging is formed, and separating the gel.  Starting materials suitable for the treatment are blood, liver and other animal organs and protein-containing extracts therefrom, yeast, bacteria, plant cell material.  The process may also be used for separating the protein-like hormones such as insulin and thyreotropic and gonadotropic hormones, from accompanying proteins.  As solvents there may be used chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, hexachlorethane, tetrachlorethane, high boiling mineral oil and mixtures thereof.  Amyl alcohol may be added to prevent foaming.  Examples describe the separation of polysaccharides from pneumoccocci by a treatment with liquid air and agitation with chloroform followed by separation of the polysaccharides from aqueous solution by precipitation with alcohol or acetone and the separation of catalase, blood pigment and lipoids from the blood of sheep and rabbits by freezing and agitation with chloroform, the catalase passing into the aqueous layer, the blood pigment forming a gel and the lipoids being dissolved in the chloroform.  Specifications 315,877, [Class 2 (iii)], and 417,513 are referred to.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 refers to the use of treatments by irradiation and electrical energy and include examples of the separation of protein-free carbohydrates from egg white and from bacterium proteus by treatment with liquid air and chloroform agitation, and also of the separation of carbohydrate from egg white by chloroform agitation without treatment with liquid air. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.