baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent CH-613398-A5 (CH)
Title: Installation for producing composite beams
Inventor: GUILLEMIN SERGE REMI JOSEPH
IPC: B28B13/06
Filed: 1977-05-20
Abstract: The installation comprises a station (3) for pouring concrete into moulds (1) and a station for mould removal between which stations is located a drying tunnel oven (4); means (4) are arranged in order to move the moulds between the said stations. This installation allows the production of beams, particularly of composite beams consisting of metal reinforcement partially embedded in a concrete flange, in mass production, in a manner which is particularly fast and advantageous with regard to its cost. <IMAGE>
Patent CH-636326-A5 (CH)
Title: Process for preparing aluminium hydroxide gels
Inventor: GLASSCOCK GREEN BATEMAN
IPC: A61K33/08
Filed: 1978-06-09
Abstract: Aluminium hydroxide gel which is virtually free of sodium ions and is suitable for pharmaceutical purposes is obtained by a heterogeneous reaction of an aqueous solution of a water soluble aluminium salt with an aqueous suspension of an alkaline earth metal carbonate insoluble in water at a pH of from 4.7 to 5.5.
Patent CH-655343-A5 (CH)
Inventor: AMMANN ERNST
IPC: E04D13/15
Filed: 1981-10-06
Abstract: 1. Device for bridging the joint between two parts of a roof covering, comprising an expansion joint strip (1), whose central part (2), which is formed from a rubber-elastic material, is arranged in the joint (3), whilst its two sheet metal marginal strips (5), to which the edges (4) of the central part are vulcanized in a watertight manner, are joined to those parts of the roof covering on either side of the joint, characterized in that at least along the lateral edges of the joint and at least approximately along the total length thereof and in the area (4) in which the rubber-elastic expansion joint strip (1) is vulcanized on to the marginal strips (5) narrow separating agent strips (7) sealingly terminated all round by the vulcanized-on expansion joint strip (1) are applied to the marginal strips (5), and in that at least one opening (11) leads to the outside from each separating agent strip (7) or, in the case of joined separating agent strips (7), from the thus formed separating agent strip.
Patent CH-636426-A5 (CH)
Title: Method of using the thermal energy developed in a domestic fireplace for heating air and water, and fireplace capable of implementing the method
Inventor: PEDRONI FLAVIO
IPC: F24B1/188
Filed: 1979-10-31
Abstract: The fireplace has a fan (2) which conveys cold air to the ducts (4) surrounding the combustion zone (27) in such a manner that the air is heated and, passing through a first collector (5) into the acceleration tube (6) and into a second collector (7) which are situated inside the hood (20), arrives at the outlet duct (8) to be distributed both in the room in which the fireplace is situated and in other adjacent rooms. At the same time, pipes (not shown), through which the cold water flows, pass under the combustion floor (27) and into the ducts (4) so as to preheat the water for use for various domestic services. To feed the combustion, other cold air is admitted from outside through a duct (14) and made to pass into a preheating chamber (26) situated immediately below the combustion floor. <IMAGE>
Patent CH-560466-A5 (CH)
Title: Power semiconductor component with two opposite pn-junctions - has positive chamfers in surface junction region of 30 to 60 degs
IPC: H01L29/00
Filed: 1973-07-06
Abstract: The semiconductor component has two subsequently located, planar pn-junctions of opposite polarity, and the surface in the region of both pn-junctions is positively chamfered. The mean angle of both chamfers is 30 to 60 deg., preferably 40 to 45 deg. The peripheral groove, formed by both chamfers is symmetrical in relation to both pn-junctions which open on the semiconductor surface outside the chamfers. The surface transition points into the chamfer are spaced from the nearest junction opening on the surface by maximum 30% of the zone thickness between both pn-junctions.
Patent BE-1001772-A5 (BE)
Title: Composition liquide non aqueuse de detergent non ionique pour lessive contenant un agent de blanchiment de type persel et un activateur de blanchiment organique liquide et procede pour son utilisation.
Inventor: BROZE GUY
IPC: C11D17/08
Filed: 1987-09-08
Granted: 1990-03-06
Abstract: Composition liquide non aqueuse de détergent non ionique pour lessive contenant un agent de blanchiment de type persel et un activateur de blanchiment organique liquide et procédé pour son utilisation; la composition préférée est un liquide non aqueux à base d'agents tensio-actifs non ioniques qui comprend un sel adjuvant pour détergent en suspension dans l'agent tensio-actif non ionique liquide.
Patent CH-569608-A5 (CH)
Title: Tipping vehicle two-part tailboard - allows top to be folded against bottom or to swing freely
IPC: B62D33/03
Filed: 1973-07-10
Abstract: The tailboard is divided in the lengthwise direction into two parts. These are so linked together that either the top part (1) can be folded down onto the bottom one (2), which itself hinges at the bottom when the link pins are left in place and the top pins (5) removed. Or the link pins can be removed and the top ones left in place, when the top half swings freely about the latter. Thus, when desired, all obstruction by the tailboard sections to the discharge of the material can be completely removed.
Patent CH-601340-A5 (CH)
Title: 1-Substd. amino-aminoglycosyl diaminocyclitol derivs.
Inventor: WEINSTEIN MARVIN J
IPC: C07H15/234
Filed: 1974-07-31
Abstract: 1-Substd. amino-aminoglycosyl diaminocyclitol derivs. broad spectrum antibiotics prepd. e.g. by reductive alkylation of gentamicins
Patent CH-601190-A5 (CH)
Title: Indane- and tetrahydronaphthalene-carboxylic acid derivs.
Inventor: HAAS GEORGES DR
IPC: C07C233/12
Filed: 1974-02-14
Abstract: Indane- and tetrahydronaphthalene-carboxylic acid derivs. with anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic activity
Patent CH-573740-A5 (CH)
Title: Cell with turntable mounted sanitary units - sauna section featuring inhaler produces compact design
IPC: A47K4/00
Filed: 1973-12-27
Abstract: The unit can be fitted in restricted space with the turntable indexed to bring into the working position the WC bowl, wash basin or shower, while the sauna section is separated by partition with hot and cold water connectors. The partition as well as the other partitions can be made as a single unit with the corresponding sanitary device and should exhibit a resistance against the heat effect from the sauna. Fresh air supply system may include a fan and a heater with a filter, while the exhaust can feature a regeneration filter ensuring that about half of the spent air is recirculated and the remainder is returned to the ambience. During sauna use electric heater is on, doors are closed, and the cooling may be provided by a bath.
Patent CH-599951-A5 (CH)
Title: 2-Amino-5-cyano thiophenes prepn
Inventor: JOTTERAND ARMAND
IPC: C09B29/00
Filed: 1972-12-14
Abstract: 2-Amino-5-cyano thiophenes prepn by reacting imino-nitrile, nitrile and sulphur, used as azo-dye intermediates
Patent FR-2050618-A5 (FR)
Title: Accelerated malting
IPC: C12C1/047
Filed: 1969-06-18
Granted: 1971-04-02
Abstract: Malt prodn. is accelerated by supporting the effect of enzymes formed naturally during malting process by external application of enzymes esp. amylases, proteases and zytases, and/or associated addns., as org. or inorg. salts and trace elments. Ag. soln. of enzymes may be sprayed over the grain and/or grain steeped in soln.
Patent FR-2067396-A5 (FR)
Title: Plates for printing blocks
IPC: B32B27/00
Filed: 1969-10-30
Granted: 1971-08-20
Abstract: A composite sheet of elastic plastic material, esp. one comprising non-vulcanised rubber for printing plates consists of a sheet of thermosetting resin with the sheet of rubber. The synthetic resin is pref. a polyester esp. polyethylene terephthalate. The sheet of polyester may form a base for the sheet of non-vulcanised rubber forming the printing surface, or it may be inserted between two layers of rubber. The laminae has greater dimensional stability than plates including carton or cloth and is useful in flexography.
Patent FR-2042006-A5 (FR)
Title: Lower alkyl aliphatic carboxylic acids - prepn
IPC: C07C51/215
Filed: 1970-01-14
Granted: 1971-02-05
Abstract: Prepn is by the oxidation of a C4 to C8 paraffinic hydrocarbon mixt. with molecular oxygen at 160 degrees to 210 degrees C and 35 to 70 kg/cm2 press. In particular, an increased ratio of the light fraction (the lower boiling reactn. products which are recycled) to oxygen e.g. 1.6 to 1, pref. 2:1 to 4:1 is used. The total yields of lower aliphatic acids is thus increased.
Patent FR-2097643-A5 (FR)
Title: Attachment of sliding clasp fastener teeth - to knitted fabric
IPC: A44B19/56
Filed: 1970-07-16
Granted: 1972-03-03
Abstract: The teeth, in the form of e.g. an extruded plastic coil, are fed via a guide to a chain knitting machine on which the fabric is formed, and a latch needle co-operates with the end latch needle of the machine to knit alternate stitch loops of the end wale of the fabric so that they extend across the branches of adjacent teeth. Alternatively the latch needle may reciprocate transversely to its length so that it co-operates alternately with the two end machine latch needles, and the coil may be provided with a textile core.
Patent FR-2116712-A5 (FR)
Title: Polyamide prepn - by reacting terephthalic acid and 3,4- dimethylhexamethylenediamine
IPC: C08G69/26
Filed: 1970-12-04
Granted: 1972-07-21
Abstract: Polyamides are derived from terephthalic acid and 3,4-dimethylhexamethylenediamine and contain such a number of units of formula (I), that the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer (determined at 25 degrees C on a 1% soln. in m-cresol) is 0.5-1.5. The polyamides are prepd. from a salt of terephthalic acid and 3,4-dimethylhexamethylenediamine, by condensing under the usual polyamide prepn. conditions. The polyamides are resistant to boiling water and alcohols, and insoluble in the usual org. solvents. Articles can be produced by moulding, extrusion or thermoforming. Esp. useful for prodn. of articles in the food and pharmaceutical industries which are subjected to hot water, e.g. washing or sterilisation.
Patent FR-2109891-A5 (FR)
IPC: A01C1/04
Filed: 1971-09-30
Granted: 1972-05-26
Abstract: 1307058 Seed cultivation in foam bodies SEMPERIT AG 23 Sept 1971 [1 Oct 1970] 44355/71 Heading A1E [Also in Division B8] Grass is cultivated in polyurethane foam mats. Small pieces of polyurethane foam are mixed with grass seed and a bonding agent. The mixture is then moulded to the shape required - preferably a sheet of thickness 0.5-2.0cm. A hydrophilic substance, e.g. cellulose fibres, chalk &c, may be added to achieve a high water absorptivity. Flowers and vegetables may also be cultivated in this way. The mechanical strength of the polyurethane foam allows the turf to be sold as rolls very soon after cultivation.
Patent FR-2354687-A5 (FR)
Title: Circuit electrique comportant un generateur de code
IPC: H03K3/84
Filed: 1972-04-17
Granted: 1978-01-06
Abstract: L'invention concerne un circuit électrique comportant un générateur de code. En aval du générateur de code 1 est branché un réseau séquentiel 2 travaillant à la cadence du générateur de code, ledit réseau séquentiel est constitué par le circuit itératif formé par des étages 51, 52, ... 5n - 1,5n de registres à décalage à semi-additionneurs 61, 62, ... 6n - 1,6n intercalés ainsi que par des portes 41, 42, ... 4n - 1,4n par l'intermédiaire desquelles le train des impulsions du générateur de code est appliqué aux semi-additionneurs et à l'entrée dudit circuit itératif, en fonc tion des signaux de commande qui représentent aux entrées de commande des portes, et lesdits étages du registre à décalage comportent une entrée de remise à zéro. L'invention est applicable notamment à la transmission d'in formations par satellite entre stations émettrices et réceptrices.
Patent FR-2141103-A5 (FR)
Title: Refrigerator compressor with electromagnetic clutch - having coil embedded in casing for space economy
IPC: F04C29/00
Filed: 1972-05-30
Granted: 1973-01-19
Abstract: A compressor, esp. for refrigerators, is belt-driven, through an electromagnetic clutch activated by a coil wound within the casing of the compressor. The pulley is free to rotate on a bearing at the end of the compressor drive shaft, until the clutch coil is energised, to magnetise a ferrous armature fixed to shaft between pulley and compressor bearing, which causes a ring, sprung-mounted below pulley, to contact armature, and drive compressor by friction torque. A mechanical seal is provided between armature and compressor top bearing. The unit is compact, and economises space, when rear mounted on cabinet; in an alternative arrangement coil may easily be separated from casing, friction losses in bearing are reduced.
Patent FR-2231196-A5 (FR)
Title: Machine component cleaning equipment - has pumping set in tank drawing from component receptacle in top of tank
Inventor: LEE E
IPC: B08B3/00
Filed: 1972-06-21
Granted: 1974-12-20
Abstract: The equipment comprises a tank, in the top part of which a receptacle is mounted for the parts to be cleaned; the receptacle having a drain tube and an evacuation device discharging the contents into the tank. A motor-driven pump is connected to the drain tube and supported in the tank so that its intake is clear of the base of the latter. A primary separator is mounted in the tank, and a secondary filter on the pump intake. The pumping set support can be in the form of a cone with its base on the tank bottom and the set at the apex, the solvent fluid flowing through openings in the cone walls, and also containing the primary separator.
Patent FR-2163311-A5 (FR)
Title: Padded bags or envelopes - contg packing of plastics material
IPC: B65D81/03
Filed: 1972-12-27
Granted: 1973-07-20
Abstract: Flexible shock-absorbing padding, between the double walls, comprises a light, profiled film. Pref. of Alkoitylen P (RTM). Preferably the outer wall is a water-repellent paper and the inner wall is ordinary paper. The film's profile comprises a crimp, cavities, striations or projections, the latter, entirely closed, contg. air.
Patent FR-2193394-A5 (FR)
Title: Pattern drum - with cams following a acute angle between active and in active positions
IPC: D04B15/74
Filed: 1973-01-11
Granted: 1974-02-15
Abstract: The cams on the pattern drum are pivoted and are each held in the active or inactive position by an operating plunger which locks the cam by entering an aperture or holding it against a limit stop. The selector is raised by a synchronised linkage when the pattern drum is advanced, or the selector can be lifted by hand. The acute angle of cam movement allows a small pattern drum to be used for a circular knitting machine, which reduces equipment size.
Patent DD-150454-A5 (DD)
Inventor: HARRIS JOHN F
IPC: C07C37/06
Filed: 1979-12-27
Abstract: Pyrogallol or a salt thereof is prepared by a process comprising deoximating cyclohexane-1,2,3-trione oxime or an oxime derivative thereof or a salt of either. Preferably the oxime itself is exployed, especially the 1,3-dioxime. The deoximation is preferably effected by hydrolysis.
Patent DD-157032-A5 (DD)
Title: Verfahren zur ausfuehrung von drahtverbindungen mit kontaktfeldern von halbleiterelementen und integrierten schaltungen
Inventor: MAJEWSKI BOHDAN
IPC: H01L21/603
Filed: 1981-01-16
Abstract: Das Verfahren zur Ausfuehrung von Drahtverbindungen mit Kontaktfeldern von Halbleiterelementen und integrierten Schaltungen, realisiert durch Thermokompression durch den Schlag eines Werkzeuges mit einer Masse von 0,5 bis 5g, der eine Verformung des Drahtes oder der Kugel bewirkt. Nach dem Schlag des Werkzeuges gegen den Draht oder die Kugel erfolgt ein statischer Druck des Werkzeuges waehrend 5 bis 30 ms, welcher eine dauerhafte Verbindung der Elemente verursacht.
Patent DD-156095-A5 (DD)
Title: Drehkolbenmotor mit aeusserer verbrennung und verfahren zu seinem betrieb
Inventor: FISCHER VICTOR H
IPC: F01K7/00
Filed: 1981-01-30
Abstract: Waehrend das Ziel der Erfindung in der Bereitstellung eines Drehkolbenmotors mit aeusserer Verbrennung und eines Verfahrens zu seinem Betrieb liegt, wobei der thermische Wirkungsgrad sowie das Leistungs/Gewichts-Verhaeltnis verbessert werden kann, ist es die Aufgabe der Erfindung zu ermoeglichen, dass das Arbeitsgas schnell und wirksam durch eine externe Waermequelle erhitzt wird. Als Loesung ist nunmehr vorgesehen, dass vorrichtungsgemaess und verfahrensgemaess gewaehrleistet ist, dass das Waermeuebertragungsmittel ausserhalb des Arbeitsraumes unter einem Druck erwaermt wird, wobei es seinen fluessigen Aggregatzustand beibehaelt, und derart in den Arbeitsraum eingebracht wird, dass zumindest ein Teil des Waermeuebertragungsmittels schlagartig verdampft und den Arbeitsraum vergroessert.
Patent DD-158551-A5 (DD)
Inventor: MINK ROBERT
IPC: C08F10/00
Filed: 1981-05-12
Abstract: Catalyst system for the polymerization of alphaolefins. The catalyst system comprises: [a] an organoaluminum containing component, e.g. triethyl aluminum, and [b] a titanium halide containing component. The titanium halide containing component is obtained by co-pulverizing a halogen containing magnesium compound, e.g. MgCl2, with an active hydrogen containing organic compound, e.g. phenol, to produce a co-pulverized product. The co-pulverized product is then reacted with an organometallic compound of a metal of Groups I to III of the Periodic Table, e.g. triethyl aluminum, to produce a reaction product. The reaction product is then co-pulverized with a complex of a first titanium halide compound and an electron-donor, e.g. TiCl4.ethyl benzoate, to produce a solid reaction product. The solid reaction product is then reacted with a second titanium halide compound, e.g. TiCl4.
Patent DD-202066-A5 (DD)
Title: Verfahren zum herstellen von reibraedern von pyrophorfeuerzeugen, sowie werkzeug zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
Inventor: RACEK ALFRED
IPC: F23Q2/46
Filed: 1981-09-02
Abstract: Die Umfangsflaeche (8) eines Reibrades fuer Pyrophorfeuerzeuge wird durch Hiebe mit einem Werkzeug (5) verformt. Um einerseits einen gleichmaessigen Abtrieb des Feuersteines, anderseits eine materialschonende und einfache Bearbeitung des Reibrades zu erreichen, wird die Umfangsflaeche (8) an in Achsrichtung gegeneinander versetzten Stellen punktweise verformt. Dies erfolgt mit einem Werkzeug (5), dessen bearbeitende Flaeche (7) einen Wellenschliff besitzt. Es ist auch moeglich, die Schneide des Werkzeuges durch Einschnitte zu unterbrechen.
Patent DD-202371-A5 (DD)
Title: Verfahren zum schutz von zellulose-, plast- oder filmbildenden polymerzusammensetzungen
Inventor: LIU SOPHIA Y
IPC: C08K5/41
Filed: 1981-12-28
Abstract: Biozide Mittel zum Einsatz in Plasten, Polymeren und Zellulosematerialien Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel, in denen Y Wasserstoff, Halogen, Alkoxy mit 1 bis 4Kohlenstoffatomen oder Alkyl mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen ist; R tief und R tief 2 unabhaengig voneinander Wasserstoff oder Methyl darstellt; und n 1 oder 2 ist, stellen wirksame Biozide oder Biostatika zum Schutz von Plasten, Polymeren oder Zellulosematerialien gegen den Angriff von Mikroorganismen dar.
Patent DD-294577-A5 (DD)
Title: Fotografisches gelatine-silberhalogenid-material, das haertungsmittel enthaelt
Inventor: GRAGERT REINHARD
IPC: G03C1/30
Filed: 1985-12-20
Abstract: Die Erfindung betrifft ein fotografisches Gelatine-Silberhalogenid-Material, das Haertungsmittel enthaelt. Ziel und Aufgabe sind, Materialien zu schaffen, die mit wenig toxischen Haertungsmitteln schnell haerten. Die Aufgabe wird in einem fotografischen Silberhalogenidmaterial geloest, das als Haertungsmittel Pyridazinderivate enthaelt. Das Material ist besonders fuer die Hochtemperaturverarbeitung und Automatenentwicklung geeignet.{fotografisches Gelatine-Silberhalogenid-Material; Haertungsmittel; Pyridazinderivate}
Patent DD-261141-A5 (DD)
Inventor: TAMIR SHLOMO
IPC: E04H4/16
Filed: 1987-02-18
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/DE87/00050 Sec. 371 Date Oct. 14, 1987 Sec. 102(e) Date Oct. 14, 1987 PCT Filed Feb. 13, 1987 PCT Pub. No. WO87/05004 PCT Pub. Date Aug. 27, 1987.Ozonization of the bath water taken from the reservoir (1) occurs according to the invention utilizing only 1% of ozone while using from 1 to 1.2 g/h of ozone in 700 l/h of (untreated) air from a convenient-to-handle ozonizer (7) of this capacity per 100 m3 of natural water. Ozonization occurs without ozonization reactors and ozone destroyers under pressure directly in the conduit (2) of the natural water stream Q. For this purpose. the ozone air is whirled with a partial stream (q) of the natural water in a flow spiral (9) to form an aerosol-like mixing condition and is blasted into the main stream of natural water. The high phase interfaces thus achieved effect rapid ozonization with quantitative ozone consumption. After the uncomplicated conversion of the baths with original pure chlorination operation to the ozonization-chlorination technique according to the invention, the chemical costs can be reduced by up to 70% with a simultaneous improvement in the water quality.
Patent DD-263525-A5 (DD)
Inventor: PSIORZ MANFRED
IPC: C07C217/78
Filed: 1987-09-09
Abstract: Naphthalene and indane derivatives of the formula <IMAGE> in which the substituents have the meaning given in the description, their enantiomers, their diastereomers and their acid addition salts with inorganic or organic acids which have useful pharmacological properties, in particular a heart rate-reducing action. The novel compounds can be prepared by processes known per se.
Patent DD-282751-A5 (DD)
Title: Verfahren zur erhoehung der genauigkeit bei der bestimmung der durchflussmenge
Inventor: FIEDLER OTTO
IPC: G01B7/34
Filed: 1989-04-25
Abstract: Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Erhoehung der Genauigkeit bei der Bestimmung der Durchfluszmenge mittels Ultraschalldurchfluszmeszsystemen. Sie findet Anwendung im Bereich der akustischen Durchfluszmesztechnik. Es werden Parameter ueber die Beschaffenheit der Rohrwand ermittelt, die zur genaueren Bestimmung der Durchfluszmenge dienen. Dazu wird das Amplitudenverhaeltnis zwischen in der Meszstrecke reflektiertem Signal zum Rueckstreusignal als Masz fuer die Rauhigkeitsklasse im Innern des Rohres verwendet. Der hierbei ermittelte Wert findet Eingang in die Bestimmung des Korrekturfaktors der den Zusammenhang zwischen der ueber dem Schallweg gemittelten Stroemungsgeschwindigkeit vs und der mittleren Stroemungsgeschwindigkeit ueber der Querschnittsflaeche vA herstellt. Vorhandene Verstaerkungsregelung und zeitliche Signalfensterung koennen zweckmaeszig beim Verfahren mit genutzt werden.{akustische Durchfluszmesztechnik; Amplitudenverhaeltnis; reflektiertes Signal; Rueckstreusignal; Rauhigkeitsklasse; Rohr; Korrekturfaktor; Stroemungsgeschwindigkeit; Querschnittsflaeche; Verstaerkungsregelung; Signalfensterung}
Patent DD-288818-A5 (DD)
Title: Vorrichtung zum biegen von glasronden zu kalotten
Inventor: REINHARDT STEFAN
IPC: C03B23/03
Filed: 1989-07-04
Abstract: Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Biegen von Glasronden zu Kalotten. Der Einsatz der Vorrichtung ist in Verbindung mit einem Drehringbiegeofen zum Biegen von Kalotten aus groszflaechigen Glasronden, insbesondere fuer gewoelbte Kraftfahrzeugrueckblickspiegel. Erfindungsgemaesz wird die Aufgabe mit einer Vorrichtung zum Biegen von Glasronden zu Kalotten in einer Preszbiegestation, bei der mehrere waagerecht verfahrbare Unterformen einer senkrecht verfahrbaren Oberform zugeordnet sind, dadurch geloest, dasz die Oberform im mittleren Bereich der Formflaeche einer Kugelkalotte entspricht und im aeuszeren Bereich durch mindestens eine staerkere Kruemmung davon abweicht und jede Unterform aus einem vorzugsweise als Wendering ausgebildeten Aufnahmering fuer eine Glasronde und einen Formteller besteht.{Preszbiegen; Oberform; Unterform; Wendering; Glasronde; Kalotte; gewoelbte Kraftfahrzeugrueckblickspiegel}