baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-884634-A (GB)
Title: Steam cracking of high boiling virgin oils to produce olefines
Inventor: HILL RALPH MADISON
IPC: C07C305/06
Filed: 1960-04-29
Abstract: Olefins of 11-16 carbon atoms are produced by steam cracking a virgin gas oil boiling in the range 600 DEG -1100 DEG F. and containing by weight less than 30% aromatics and less than 35% naphthenes by mixing with 80-95% mol of steam for a period which limits the conversion to C3 and lighter to less than 20% wt. followed by cooling and fractionating the product to obtain a C11-C16 olefinic fraction.  The feed rate may be 2-9 volumes of oil per volume of cracking zone per hour, the temperature 1100 DEG -1250 DEG F. and the pressure 10-30 p.s.i.a.  High boiling product may be recycled provided the total feed still contains less than 30% aromatics and 35% naphthenes. Alkyl aromatics for detergent production are prepared by alkylating benzene or toluene with the C11-C16 products using sulphuric or hydrofluoric acid or aluminium chloride-hydrocarbon complex as catalyst.  These alkyl aromatics may be sulphonated with sulphuric acid of strength at least 97% or oleum containing up to 20% SO3.  The volume ratio of acid to hydrocarbon may be 0,8-1,25:1 and the temperature up to 50 DEG  C. The product is neutralized to give alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium or amine sulphonates. Sodium alkyl sulphate surface active compositions are also formed by the action of sulphuric acid on the C11-C16 olefins followed by neutralization of the alkyl sulphate with sodium hydroxide. Detergent compostttons specified in an example comprise (a) 60% alkyl benzene sulphonates and 40% sodium sulphate and (b) 20% alkylbenzene sulphonates, 40% sodium sulphate and 40% phosphates, silicate and carboxymethyl-cellulose.ALSO:Olefins of 11-16 carbon atoms are produced by steam cracking a virgin gas oil boiling in the range 600 DEG F.-1,100 DEG F. and containing by weight less than 30% aromatics and less than 35% naphthenes by mixing with 80%-95% mol of steam for a period which limits the conversion to C3 and lighter to less than 20% weight followed by cooling and fractionating the product to obtain a C11C16 olefinic fraction.  The feed rate may be 2-9 volumes of oil per volume of cracking zone per hour, the temperature 1,100 DEG F.-1,250 DEG F. and the pressure 10-30 p.s.i.a. High boiling product may be recycled provided the total feed still contains less than 30% aromatics and 35% naphthenes.  Alkyl aromatics for detergent production are prepared by alkylating benzene or toluene with the C11-C16 products using sulphuric or hydrofluoric acid or aluminium chloride-hydrocarbon complex as catalyst.  These alkyl aromatics may be sulphonated with sulphuric acid of strength at least 97% or oleum containing up to 20% SO3.  The volume ratio of acid to hydrocarbon may be 0.8-1.25 : 1 and the temperature up to 50 DEG C. The product is neutralised to give alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium or amine sulphonates.  Sodium alkyl sulphate surface active compositions are also formed by the action of sulphuric acid on the C11-C16 olefins followed by neutralisation of the alkyl sulphate with sodium hydroxide.
Patent GB-144104-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in thermic motors
IPC: F03G5/00
Filed: 1919-06-17
Abstract: 144,104. Tamburri, F. June 17, 1919. Revolving - cylinder and reciprocating-piston type.-The cylinder 1 containing a piston 4 is rotated through belt gearing by an auxiliary motor 9. Each time the piston assumes the position shown with respect to either end of the cylinder, it is given an impulse to the right. The reaction to the left on the cylinder is transmitted to the bearings to displace the body supporting the motor longitudinally.
Patent GB-978446-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to broaching tools
Inventor: GROVES LESLIE JAMES
IPC: B28D1/00
Filed: 1962-04-19
Abstract: 978,446. Broaching. UNITED KINGDOM ATOMIC ENERGY AUTHORITY. April 17, 1963 [April 19, 1962], No. 15224/62. Heading B3L. A tool for under-cutting a groove in graphite comprises a broaching member 11 mounted between blade-like supports 9a, 9b. The supports are adjusted longitudinally by a screw 7, so that, when the supports rest on the base of a pre-formed groove, a hand-held body portion 1d is clear of the work W. When one side of a groove has been undercut, Fig. 4, the tool is reversed and the other side is cut to permit a thermo-couple to be mounted in the work, which is a nuclear fuel component.
Patent GB-615525-A (GB)
Title: Method of cutting glass tubes
IPC: C03B33/06
Filed: 1945-06-15
Abstract: 615,525. Cutting glass tubes. STANDARD TELEPHONES & CABLES, Ltd. June 15, 1945, No. 15248. Convention date, June 23, 1944. [Classes 56 and 60] Glass beads, such as are used for sealing the electrode supports into the glass envelopes of electronic discharge tubes, are formed by assembling glass tubes 2 in parallel fashion (e.g. in a glass cylinder 1 sealed at one end, the ends of the tubes abutting the end of the cylinder), pouring a water-soluble cementitious material 3 therearound to form a rigid mass and cutting through the mass, e.g. by a carborundum wheel, the cementitious material being subsequently removed. The cementitious material may comprise a wax-like high molecular weight polymer of ethylene glycol, and a stream of water directed over the cutting wheel and work (adequate for cooling but insufficient to affect the rigidity of the mass) will then form a lubricating solution with the particles of wax adhering to the wheel. The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 comprises also the use of a soap of carnauba wax and an alkaline hydroxide, or materials such as paraffin wax, montan wax, &c., as the filler; these may be removed by a volatile solvent such as alcohol, acetone, benzene or petroleum ether. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.
Patent GB-725225-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to process and apparatus for the continuous production of glass filaments or fibers
IPC: C03B37/081
Filed: 1953-06-01
Abstract: 725,225. Glass fibres. OWENS-CORNING FIBERGLAS CORPORATION. June 1, 1953 [June 12, 1952], No. 15265/53. Class 56. In an apparatus for making glass fibres wherein the glass is melted in a chamber 39 and passed to a drawing chamber 58 having orifices 23, a stirring device 92 is provided between the chambers 39, 58 to increase the uniformity of the molten glass passing to the orifices. The device is adjustable, and several forms are described. Any unmelted particles 97 are kept back by the dam constituted by the projecting upper end of the tube 46 in which the stirrer is housed.
Patent GB-1196887-A (GB)
Title: A Method of and Means for Establishing and for Making Quantitative Determinations of Zones Occuring in Electrophoresis.
Inventor: VIRTANEN RAUNO ERKKI
IPC: G01N27/447
Filed: 1969-03-24
Abstract: 1,196,887. Electro-chemical analysis. R. E. VIRTANEN and P. KIVALO. March 24, 1969 [March 27, 1968], No. 15280/69. Heading G1N. A method of establishing and analysing the zones occurring in electro-phoresis comprises measuring the electro-chemical potential between electrodes connected along the electro-phoresis column (directly or through a salt-bridge) and nothing the variation with time. Preferably the standing potential due to the electro-phoresis current is "backed off". As shown the electro-phoresis potential B is applied at opposite ends of a capillary column K at the same polarity with respect to a central ground connection so that standing potentials E and E<SP>1</SP> to ground are equal and opposite. Hence when a sample is introduced at cock A, the potential EE<SP>1</SP> indicates the presence and composition of a zone. Modifications (i) the column may be placed in a temperature controlled water bath (ii) the balancing column may be replaced by a potentiometer Fig. 4 (not shown).
Patent GB-930897-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to a method of and apparatus for measuring the out-of-true of the axis of a radial bore in a spherical interior space of a hollow workpiece relative to the centre of said space
Filed: 1961-04-27
Abstract: 930,897. Testing eccentricity of sphere centres. ZAHNRADFABRIK FRIEDRICHSHAFEN A.G. April 27, 1961 [May 9, 1960], No. 15292/61. Class 106 (2). For testing the departure from a true radial direction of a bore 4 in a workpiece 1 such as a differential gear housing having a spherical cavity and at least one other bore 3, a feeler member 18 follows a ball 17 of a conical test member 9 as the workpiece is rotated on a mandrel 19 coaxial with the bore 4. The ball 17 is located true at the cavity centre by the circular periphery 15, 16 of the test member 9. Movement of the feeler 18, which is in the form of a pivoted spring-loaded bell-crank lever, is transmitted by a rod 20 to a dial gauge 22. The test member 9 is clamped in position by means of a washer 12 and a nut 11 threaded on a bolt 10 passing with clearance through the bore 3. The workpiece 1 is supported by a spring-loaded seat 41. The mandrel 19 bears firmly against the walls of bore 4 by way of resiliently-mounted balls 28, 29 and is thus held coaxially with the bore axis.
Patent GB-878695-A (GB)
Title: Process for the catalytic polymerisation of olefins
IPC: C08F2/00
Filed: 1958-05-13
Abstract: An olefin is polymerized in the presence of a compound of a metal of Group IVa, Va or VIa together with an aluminium trialkyl etherate of an alkyl aryl ether, or an aluminium alkyl halide etherate of an alkyl aryl ether.  Specified olefins are ethylene, propylene, alpha-butylene, and alpha-hexene, while titanium and zirconium tetrachlorides, aluminium, tri-ethylanisole etherate, the tri-butyl etherate, aluminium tri-ethyl phene-tol etherate, aluminium monochloride diethyl phenetol to anisol etherate, and aluminium monobromide anisoletherate are specified catalyst components.  Inert diluents such as light benzine, hydrogenation-benzine, heavy benzine, and hexane may be present.
Patent GB-304978-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to electric resistances
IPC: H01C3/10
Filed: 1928-05-24
Abstract: 304,978. Electrical Apparatus Co., Ltd., and Barbour, R. H. May 24, 1928. Wire and ribbon resistances, mounted on frames.-The transverse rods b, c in a frame holding an electric resistance are covered with insulating material in the usual manner and built-up metal spools are threaded thereon to carry the resistance wire or tape. The spools comprise sleeves f with end washers g<1>, g<2> spaced apart on the rod by insulating washers h'. Bracing struts o are also threaded on the rods at intervals.
Patent GB-907190-A (GB)
Title: 21-trihalo steroids and a process for the manufacture thereof
IPC: C07J43/00
Filed: 1959-05-05
Abstract: The invention comprises a 21 : 21 : 21-trihalogeno-20-hydroxy-steroidparticularly the trichloro compound, and the preparation thereof by bringing together a 17-formyl-steroid, which may contain one or more inert substituents, and haloform with an alkali metal alcoholate such as potassium tertiary butylate-preferably at a low temperature.  The 17-formyl-steroid reactant may contain a carbon-carbon double bond or as an inert substituent a hydroxyl or keto group in a free or functionally converted form.  The process is preferably carried out in an inert organic solvent such as a mixture of t-butanol and tetrahydrofuran.  The above process may be amplified in that the 21 : 21 : 21-trihalogeno-20-hydroxy-steroid may be oxidised e.g. to oxidise a 3-hydroxy group to a 3-keto group or to form a 21 : 21 : 21-trihalogeno-20-keto-steroid.  A suitable oxidising agent is bichromate in glacial acetic acid.  In addition, the 21 : 21 : 21-trihalogeno-20-hydroxy- and the 21 : 21 : 21-trihalogeno-20-keto-steroids may be subjected to hydrolysis to form a 17b -yl-hydroxy-acetic acid, and the carboxylic group thereof may then be converted into a functional derivative thereof e.g. by esterification or amidation or by reaction with a Grignard reagent or a similar reagent such as a lithium alkyl or zinc alkyl to increase the length of the side chain.  In Examples: (1) 17b -formyl-testan-3a -ol is reacted with chloroform to form 21 : 21 : 21-trichloro-pregnane-3a -20#x-diol, this compound is either oxidised with aluminum isopropylate and cyclohexanone to form 21 : 21 : 21-trichloro-20#x-hydroxy-pregnan-3-one or hydrolysed with sodium hydroxide to form 3a -hydroxy-5b -androstane-17b -yl-hydroxy acetic acid, the latter compound may then be acetylated to form 3a -acetoxy-5b -androstane-17b -yl-hydroxy-acetic acid, converted to the corresponding acid chloride by reaction with oxalyl chloride, the acid chloride is then reacted with morpholine to form N-(3a -acetoxy-5b -androstane-17b -yl-hydroxy acetic acid)-morpholine which is finally hydrolysed to the corresponding 3a -hydroxy compound; and (2) 17b -formyl-D 4-androsten-3b -ol is reacted with chloroform to form 21 : 21 : 21-trichloro-D 4-pregnene-3b :20#x-diol this compound is either oxidised as in (1) to form 21 : 21 : 21-trichloro-D 4-pregnen-20#x-ol-3-one and then further oxidised with sodium bichromate to form 21 : 21 : 21-trichloro-D 4-pregnene-3,20-dione or is hydrolysed as in (1) to form D 4-androstene-17b -yl-hydroxy-acetic acid-3-one which is then reacted with b -diethylaminoethyl chloride to form the b -diethylaminoethyl ester of D 4-androstene-17b -yl-hydroxy-acetic acid-3-one.
Patent GB-575608-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the production of dialkyl esters of n-substituted aspartic acid
Filed: 1942-11-02
Abstract: Dialkyl esters of maleic acid are reacted with aminoalkylsulphonic acids or salts thereof to give the corresponding sulphonated alkylamino succinic esters.  In an example, aqueous sodium taurine is reacted with dioctylmaleate in alcoholic solution to give dioctyl N(b -sodium sulphoethyl)aminosuccinate.  The products are useful in the textile industry as wetting, softening, levelling and carbonizing agents, and in the leather industry in tanning, fat liquoring and stuffing preparations.  They are also useful for dust laying, disinfecting, dispersing, breaking petroleum emulsions, ore dressing, cyaniding, electroplating, pickling and in the preparation of lubricants, foaming agents, shoe polishes, cleansing agents, adhesives, fungicides and horticultural sprays. As detergents they may be used with soap, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, sodium tetraphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, abrasives, perfumes, boric acid and borax.  For emulsifying, the products may be used with glue, casein, starch, gums, fatty acids, fatty esters, fatty alcohols, pine oil, bentonite, clay and carbon black.  The preparation of dispersions of pigments and dyes, e.g. printing pastes, is mentioned. The following sulphonated amines are specified: b -aminopropane a -sulphonic acid, a -aminopropane-b -sulphonic acid, and their potassium, lithium, ammonium, barium, calcium, magnesum, zinc, copper, mercury, cadmium, ethanolamine, morpholine, guanidine and pyridine salts. The butyl, amyl, hexyl, capryl, decyl, lauryl, stearyl, methylamyl and ethylhexyl esters of maleic acid may be used.
Patent GB-971419-A (GB)
Title: Automatic system for fluidtightly holding the valve-carrying head on a piston-operated machine subjected to high pressures
IPC: F04B45/053
Filed: 1963-04-18
Abstract: 971,419. Reciprocating compressors and pumps. MASCHINENFABRICK BURCKHARDT A.G. April 18, 1963 [April 24, 1962], No. 15406/63. Headings F1A and FIN. The valve-carrying head 3 of a pump or compressor is held against the annular end face 6 of the cylinder 1 by the pressure exerted by delivery fluid admitted through a non-return valve 13 in the head 3 to a chamber 11 bounded by said head and a plug 9 screwed into a frame 8 surrounding the cylinder; the cross-sectional area of chamber 11 being greater than that of the sealing surface 6. Prior to unscrewing plug 9 fluid pressure is relieved through a capillary bore 14 connecting chamber 11 to the cylinder at atmospheric pressure. A flexible diaphragm 15 may be interposed between the head 3 and cylinder 1 and is actuated by liquid trapped between it and the plunger 2.
Patent GB-372961-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to plate air heaters and like heat exchangers
IPC: F28D9/00
Filed: 1931-05-26
Abstract: 372,961. Plate heat exchangers : casings for heat exchangers. WATSON, J. E., 9, Liberty Avenue, and LEWIS, V. S., 240, Drake Avenue, both in New Rochelle, New York, U.S.A. May 26, 1931, No. 15427. Convention date, May 26, 1930. [Class 64 (iii).] In a plate air &c. heater channel irons 30 overlap the side edges of adjacent plates 26, 27, and freely expansible means spread the edges of the plates apart and compress them against the overlapping part of the channel iron. The spreading means may comprise any of the following :-bars 42, 43 driven apart by screwing up a nut 47 to draw either a flared head 44, Fig. 9, or a wedge 54, Fig. 15, down between the bars ; a curved plate 48 flattened by screw 49, as in Fig. 10 ; a cylindrical bar 58 driven between bars 56, 57 by a screw 59, as in Fig. 16; or a re-entrant part 63 in the channel iron itself deformed by a screw 64, as in Fig. 17. The bearing block 50, Fig. 10, may be replaced by a plate similar to plate 48 inverted, or may be dispensed with altogether. The plates in these constructions may consist of straight parts connected at angles instead of continuously curved plates as shown. In all these arrangements the nut and screw may be replaced by a wedge fitting. The plate elements are carried in a casing formed of bars 40 between rectangular frames 38, 39. Adjacent plates are connected alternately at the top and bottom edges and at the sides. Thus channels closed at the sides are formed up which heating gases flow from inlet 21 to outlet 22 and alternate passages are formed closed at the top and bottom through which air flows from inlet 23 to outlet 24.
Patent GB-361271-A (GB)
Title: An improved method of and apparatus for determining the nett heating value of fuels
IPC: G01N25/42
Filed: 1931-05-27
Abstract: 361,271. Calorimeters. JUNKERS, H., 21, Kaiserplatz, Dessau, Anhalt, Germany. May 27, 1931, No. 15543. Convention date, July 14, 1930. [Class 97 (iii).] For determining the net heating value, fuel is continuously burned in a calorimeter traversed by a cooling medium and the water of combustion coming from the heat exchanger is continuously evaporated and its heat of evaporation deducted from the heat of combustion of the fuel. In the form shown, gas is supplied through the meter 19 to the burner 2 and cooling water flows from the tank 5 to a meter 18, geared to the meter 19, and to the heat exchanger 1. The condensed water of combustion is led off through the pipe 21, evaporated in the pipe 22, recondensed in the tube 23 by heat exchange with the cooling water leaving the calorimeter through the pipe 8, and then passes to the tank 30 or to a measuring vessel. Thermo-couples 41 and 41<1> in the path of the water approaching and leaving the calorimeter respectively indicate the gross heating value at the galvanometer 42. Thermo-couples 38, 38<1> in the path of the water approaching and leaving the jacket 20 are connected in opposition to the couples 41, 41<1> so that the galvanometer 40 indicates the gross heating value less the heat of evaporation of the water of combustion. The readings of the two galvanometers may be recorded on a two-curve registering apparatus. In an alternative form the condensed water of combustion is drawn through a coil surrounding the burner by a water jet pump and is evaporated by the flame so that the heat of evaporation is deducted directly from the heat generated by the flame.
Patent GB-585993-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in wheel-less disk agricultural implements
IPC: A01B5/12
Filed: 1943-09-22
Abstract: 585,993. Agricultural implements. McMAHON, W. F. Sept. 22, 1943, No. 15545. [Class 6 (i)] Harrow-discs are mounted on separate brackets 31 adjustably mounted in parallel sets on a transverse bar or frame 20. By varying the grouping different operations including harrowing, ridging, furrowing and ditching may be carried out. The implement is supported by a linkage from a tractor, the side bars 10 being pivoted in the region of the tractor front axle. Lifting is effected from the power take-off shaft 9 through worm and wheel gearing 16 and a crank 17. The harrowdiscs are secured to shafts 44 rotating in bushings 41 fixed within sockets 39 at the end of each bracket 31. Specification 586,025 is referred to.
Patent GB-1406603-A (GB)
Title: Road planing machines
IPC: E01C23/14
Filed: 1971-07-23
Abstract: 1406603 Road planer H STEINER LTD 12 July 1972 [23 July 1971] 15564/74 Divided out of 1406601 Heading E1G The disclosure is the same as in the parent Specification 1406601 but the claims are directed to the means effecting a heat exchange between the gas supply for the infra-red road heater and the hydraulic fluid for driving the cutters.
Patent GB-905669-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in x-ray generator tubes
IPC: H01J35/10
Filed: 1959-05-06
Abstract: 905,669. X-ray tubes. COMPAGNIE GENERAL DE RADIOLOGIE. May 6, 1959 [May 24, 1958], No. 15568/59. Class 39 (1). The heat-dissipation of an X-ray tube anode is increased by carburizing that part of the anode surface which is not required to emit X radiation. The focal area of the anode, which is to be left uncarburized, may be protected by an electrolytic deposit of rhenium, which is incapable of being carburized, and which also acts as a catalyst for the dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon during thermal decomposition thereof to produce carburization of the unprotected anode surface. The surface of the molybdenum or tungsten anode may be prepared by damp sanding before depositing rhenium thereon and baking the deposit in hydrogen. Specification 821,475 is referred to.
Patent GB-218327-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the production of ornamented fabrics and the like
IPC: D06Q1/10
Filed: 1924-06-30
Abstract: A phenol-formaldehyde condensation product for use in ornamenting fabrics is formed by mixing approximately equal volumes of commercial phenol or cresylic acid and commercial formaldehyde.  The viscous liquid which separates out is heated to a temperature varying from 110 DEG  to 140 DEG  C. being thereby rendered hard, non-thermoplastic and insoluble.
Patent GB-1362649-A (GB)
Title: Device for internally gripping a hollow member
IPC: B65H75/24
Filed: 1973-04-02
Abstract: 1362649 Expandable mandrels R E FLAGG 2 April 1973 [3 April 1972] 15700/73 Heading F2U A mandrel 10, expandable to grip the bore of a reel core, comprises a shaft 20 with flat faces 21 engaging rollers 24 engaging internal arcuate surfaces of gripping segments 34, resiliently biased (e.g. by rings 42 in grooves 40) into contact with the rollers, the mandrel being arranged with the rollers 24 and faces 21 parallel to its axis, so that relative rotation of the shaft 20 expands the mandrel. The rollers 26 may be guided in slots 26 in a ring 28 and be roughened to grip the faces 20 and segments 34 when rolling thereon. The faces 21 may have shallow V-section grooves 22 for the rollers in their rest position.
Patent GB-552758-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to liquid-fuel-injection internal combustion engines
IPC: F02B23/06
Filed: 1941-12-06
Abstract: 552,758. Fuel-injection engines. LISTER & CO., Ltd., R. A., and BONDI, J. W. Dec. 6, 1941, No. 15758. [Class 7 (iii)] A combustion chamber 13, formed partly in the piston 11 or partly in the piston and partly in the cylinder head 12, is cylindrical or substantially cylindrical and longer than its diameter with its axis at right angles to that of the cylinder, and is open along its whole length to the cylinder space, in order to produce a uniflow rotary movement about the axis of the chamber of the air forced in from the cylinder as the piston approaches its top deadcentre position. The chamber 13, Fig. 2, may have in plan the form shown in Fig. 2a or Fig. 2b. In modifications, Figs. 3 and 5, a lip 16 or 17 directs the air tangentially into the chamber 13. Figs. 4, 6 and 7 show modifications in which the chamber 13 is formed partly in the cylinder head.