baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-803047-A (GB)
Title: A process for rectifying ethanol by distillation under elevated pressure
IPC: B01D3/00
Filed: 1957-02-18
Abstract: <PICT:0803047/III/1> Ethanol is separated from the crude liquors obtained by the fermentation of vegetable carbohydrate material by distilling the crude liquor to obtain a distillate with an ethanol content of 5-50 per cent by weight, then stripping the distillate, preferably after dilution with water, to remove acetaldehyde, esters, amines and higher alcohols, and finally rectifying the purified ethanol-water mixture under superatmospheric pressure, the pH at the bottom of the rectifying column being maintained above 6.5 by addition of alkali to the column.  The pH at the bottom of the stripping column should be below 7; but usually it is not necessary to take special steps to achieve this owing to the presence of acid in the original fermentation liquor. Fermented liquor containing approximately 6 per cent by weight ethanol is introduced, after preheating to 70 DEG  C. in condenser 2, into the head of column 1, at the rate of about 9000 litres/hour. Impure ethanol-water vapours are led from the top of column 1 to condenser 2, and a condensate containing 30 per cent by weight ethanol is obtained.  This condensate is conducted to the head of column 3; and aqueous ethanol from column 5 is also introduced into the head of column 3.  Volatile as well as less volatile impurities are stripped out of the aqueous ethanol in column 3; the vaporized impurities also contain a small quantity of ethanol. The vapours are condensed in condenser 4 and the condensate is introduced into column 5.  Approximately 500-1000 litres of water per hour are fed into the head of column 5, and this water washes out the ethanol from the impurities.  The latter are condensed in condenser 6.  Purified ethanol-water mixture, containing approximately 13 per cent by weight ethanol, leaves the base of column 3 and is introduced into rectifying column 7, which is equipped with 60 plates and is operated at a gauge-pressure of at least 4 atmospheres.  A 5-10 per cent aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is introduced into column 7 through pipe 11 in quantities sufficient to keep the pH in the bottoms above 6.5.  Concentrated ethanol vapours leave the top of column 7 and are condensed in the heat-exchanger 8 of a steam-generator 9.  The resulting steam can be used as heating medium in the other columns.  The bottoms from column 7 may be partly used as feed-water in steam-generator 9; the other part may be fed into the top of column 5 as diluent.
Patent GB-1382041-A (GB)
Title: Reduction of sulphur oxides
IPC: B01D53/86
Filed: 1971-02-26
Abstract: 1382041 Reducing sulphur dioxide EXXON RESEARCH & ENG CO 25 Feb 1972 [26 Feb 1971 13 Dec 1971] 5556/71 and 57749/71 Heading C1A Sulphur dioxide is converted to sulphur and other reduction products of sulphur dioxide by (a) contacting solid particulate material (e.g. bauxite, alumina, alumina and silica, alumina and chromia and mixtures thereof) with a hydrocarbon at elevated temperature (e.g. 310-700‹ C.) so that vapour phase hydrocarbon pyrolysis products and carbonaceous products deposited on the particulate material are formed (b) monitoring the amount of carbonaceous products and interrupting the hydrocarbon supply when the carbonaceous product: particulate material ratio reaches a predetermined amount (c) contacting a substantially oxygen free feed stream containing SO 2  with the carbonaceous product on the particulate material at elevated temperature (e.g. above 350‹ C.) (d) recovering a product stream containing elemental sulphur (e) monitoring the product stream composition and/or temperature in step (c) (f) interrupting the feed stream when the monitoring indicates that there is substantially no carbonaceous material active to reduce SO 2  in step (c) on the particulate material (g) sequentially repeating steps (a) to (f). The particulate material which may be active in the pronation of the reaction in step (c) may be heated in step (a) by burning some of the vapour phase products of step (a). Steps (a) and (c) may be performed alternatively in one reactor or may be effected in two separate reactors in which particulate material is circulated in an upward direction between a first reactor in which step (a) occurs and a second reactor in which step (c) occurs. The product stream from step (d) may be stripped of sulphur by cooling and reheated (e.g. to 310‹ to 700‹ C.) by direct heat exchange with the substantially oxygen free vapour product of step (a) or by indirect heat exchange with the vapour products of step (a) or the feed stream of step (c) and passed to the hydrocarbon pyralysis zone. The feed stream may be obtained by oxidizing a sulphide of at least one alkaline earth metal at from 800‹ to 1100‹ C. or by reducing a sulphate of at least one alkaline earth metal at from 800‹ to 1100‹ C. The hydrocarbon employed in step (a) may be pre-heated by heat exchange with the product stream from step (d) and/or the vapour phase products of step (a) which may be subsequently cooled and some of the condensate re-employed in step (a).
Patent GB-1256462-A (GB)
Title: Sulfur-containing compounds, a process for their preparation and compositions containing them
Inventor: EVERS WILLIAM JOHN
IPC: A23L27/20
Filed: 1970-02-05
Abstract: 1,256,462. Flavouring. INTERNATIONAL FLAVORS & FRAGRANCES Inc. 5 Feb., 1970 [5 Feb., 1969; 6 Oct., 1969], No. 5602/ 70. Heading A2B. [Also in Division C2] Compounds of formula  where n is 1 to 4, R 1  is H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkadienyl or a moity of formula and R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6  and R 7  are H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkadienyl or taken together R 5  and R 6  and/or R 3  and R 7  form cyclialkyl, cyclialkenyl, cyclialkadienyl, benzo, thieno, dihydrothieno, tetrahydrothieno, furano, dihydrofurano, or tetrahydrofurano rings, and the dashed lines represent single or double carbon-carbon bonds are used to impart meaty or roasted flavours to foodstuffs. Other substances present in examples are NaCl, hydrolysed vegetable protein, monosodium glutamate, sucrose, beef fat, caramel colour, gum arabic and corn oil.
Patent GB-1055923-A (GB)
Title: Pressure reducing valve for gases supplied from bottles of liquid gas
IPC: F16K35/04
Filed: 1964-02-11
Abstract: 1,055,923. Valves. GURTNER S.A. Feb. 11, 1964 [Nov. 14, 1963], No. 5610/64. Heading F2V. A pressure-reducing valve, more particularly for gas issuing from a container of liquid gas, comprises a body 1, 2 and 3, an outlet tube 35, a connecting socket 7 adaptable to a connecting mouthpiece 47, Fig. 2 (not shown), having a valve closure member 49, 58 permanently urged in the sense of closure, an expansion chamber 34 communicating with the outlet 35 and closed by a membrane 36, the chamber 34 also communicating with a bore 11, in the socket 7 through a passage 33, 16 and 32, a closure member 40 urged to close the passage 33 by the membrane 36, acting through the pivoted lever 38, 39, in response to fluid pressure in the chamber 34, a push-rod 21 located in the bore 11 with sufficient play to allow for the passage of gas and engaged at its end 22 by a bent rod 25 which is also engaged by an operating ring 54 rotatably mounted on the socket 7, the rod 25 participating in rotation of the ring 54, cam surfaces 17, 17<SP>1</SP> and 18, 18<SP>1</SP>, integral with the body of the valve, which cooperate with the rod 25 to axially move the push-rod 21 as the ring 54 is rotated, the length of the push-rod 21 being sufficient to open the mouthpiece valve 49, 58 when this valve is inserted in the socket 7 and the ring 54 is rotated. The ring 54 further includes an upstand 62, which locates in an arcuate slot in the valve body 1 and three recesses in its surface co-operating with a spring-loaded ball 66 to define three positions of the ring, these being the unlocked position wherein the balls 9 are retracted into recesses in the bore of the ring so that the mouthpiece can be inserted into the socket 7, the locked position wherein the balls 9 are moved into a recess 53 in the mouthpiece, and a third position wherein the mouthpiece is locked in position and the pushrod 21 is moved to open the valve 49, 58.
Patent GB-850865-A (GB)
Title: Process for the continuous polymerisation of ethylene
IPC: F02B3/06
Filed: 1957-02-20
Abstract: In a process for the polymerization of ethylene at low pressure in a hydrocarbon liquid boiling in the gasoline or diesel oil range and in the presence of a catalyst comprising a mixture of an organo-metallic compound and a compound of a metal of Group 4, 5 or 6, the bulk of the hydrocarbon liquid is separated from the solid polymerization product which is contacted with recycled hydrocarbon liquid removed by steam distillation from the solid polymer at a later stage, the recycled liquid separated from the polymer and passed in part at least, to the polymerization zone. The steam distilled liquid may be dried before its contact with the polymer, and the liquid to be returned to the polymerization zone may be distilled first and the distillate only returned to this zone.  The distillation may take place in the presence of a dilute alkali.  Apparatus for carrying out the process is described.
Patent GB-952097-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the production of nitrofurfurylidene hydrazines
IPC: C07D307/76
Filed: 1961-02-16
Abstract: The invention comprises:  (1) compounds of the general formula:; <FORM:0952097/C2/1> wherein X represents NH2 or CH3; (2) the preparation thereof by the following processes: (a) (when X=NH2) treating 2-hydroxyethylhydrazine with a cyanating agent (e.g. cyanic acid), reacting the resulting semicarbazide with 5-nitrofurfural or a functional derivative thereof, treating the resulting semicarbazone with thionyl chloride to form N-(5-nitrofurfurylidene)-3-amino-2-iminooxazolidine hydrochloride, and heating this in an aromatic solvent to open the oxazolidine ring; (b) (when X=CH3) condensing 2-hydroxyethylhydrazine with 5-nitrofurfural, acetylating the resulting hydrazone and treating the product with thionyl chloride to convert the hydroxyethyl group to chloroethyl; and (3) 1-acetyl-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(5-nitrofurfurylidene) -hydrazine (formed as an intermediate in process (b) above).  Pharmaceutical and veterinary preparations.-The foregoing compounds, including (3), possess antibacterial and anticoccidial properties, and may be administered in pharmaceutical dosage forms (e.g. tablets, suspensions or capsules) or added to animal feedstuffs or drinking water.
Patent GB-333903-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in sludge elevators or dredgers
IPC: E03F7/10
Filed: 1929-02-22
Abstract: 333,903. Hartley, E., and Hartley, C. J. Feb. 22, 1929. Directing and adjustably supporting portable endless-chain elevators.-Dredgers or elevators for removing sludge &c. from tanks or channels are hauled along the tanks &c. by one or more ropes secured to the dredger and passing around winding drums, each rope having its two ends clipped to its winding drum. The dredger is supported on a wheeled frame F on girders G, connected to trollies H which are traversed by ropes J secure to drums L driven from a motor K through bevel reversing gear Q controlled by a lever Z moving along a screw ZZ driven through a chain R. The dredger ladder may be moved to horizontal position by a cable B and winch C, or by a screwed spindle, after which the dredger may be moved to an adjacent channel by screw or rack gearing, preferably hand operated. The dredger chain is driven through a chain from a gear AA meshing with the coresponding gear V or V<2> on a transverse shaft W driven by a rope M itself driven either by the motor K or a separate motor X. The spoil passes through a shoot to a worm conveyer MM delivering to a truck hooked thereto. Where the dredger operates in one channel only, a single haulage rope J may be used. Specification 4713/82 is referred to.
Patent GB-1141464-A (GB)
Title: Animal feeding stuffs
IPC: A23K1/175
Filed: 1965-02-10
Abstract: 1,141,464. Animal feed. FEED SERVICE (LIVESTOCK) Ltd. and M. H. BRIGGS. 7 Feb., 1966 [10 Feb., 1965], No. 5838/65. Heading A2B. An animal foodstuff in the form of a block (e.g. cylinder or cube) of at least 450g. in weight, comprises a mineral or trace element and an edible wax selected from solid fatty acids or alcohols. The substances which may be present in the block include sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, limestone, magnesite, sodium phosphate, vitamins A, D and E, sodium acetate, propionate and butyrate, corn starch and (as wax) stearic acid and cetyl alcohol. The block may be formed by compression moulding. The block may be provided with a hole through its centre.
Patent GB-234452-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to audible warning devices
IPC: G10K9/15
Filed: 1925-03-04
Abstract: 234,452. Bosch Akt.-Ges., R. May 24, 1924, [Convention date]. Diaphragm horns.-In an electric horn, an annular casing 4, which may be cast or pressed from sheet metal, is provided with one flange 4b by which it is held by the diaphragm-clamping means and with a second flange 4a which carries on one side by means of elbow members 6 the electromagnet 5 and on the other side the interrupter contacts and the current leads. The magnet windings. 7 are held in position by springs 8 passing through holes in the casing 4.
Patent GB-1132173-A (GB)
Title: Hinged cover support stay
IPC: E05F1/10
Filed: 1967-02-07
Abstract: 1,132,173. Hinged cover support stay. BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE A.G. 7 Feb., 1967 [8 Feb., 1966], No. 5876/67. Heading E2F. Counterbalanced support stays, of the torsion bar type for vehicle engine bonnets or boot lids and the like, are characterised in that the torsion bar springs are arranged in a transverse tube connected to the lid or bonnet. As shown, for the bonnet 2 of a car body 1, the sprung support comprises a pair of toggle levers 5 and 6 influenced by two torsion bar springs 7 in a direction for opening the bonnet. Each toggle lever 5 is pivoted at one end to a block 8 on the car body 1 and at the other end to a second toggle lever 6 which in turn is secured to a transverse tube 9 rotatively mounted on the bonnet. The transverse tube 9 is mounted at each end in a bearing bracket 10 secured to the bonnet 2 and supporting a holding block 12. Two torsion bar springs 7 extend through the transverse tube 9 and have a short bentover portion 7' which is held against movement in the block 12 and a long bent end portion 7" which lies against the toggle 6 and has a further short extension 19 which passes through an aperture 20 in the lever 6.
Patent GB-987885-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to amplifier feed-back circuits
Inventor: LAMONT KEITH
IPC: H03F1/16
Filed: 1962-02-15
Abstract: 987,885. Directional couplers. ASSOCIATED ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES Ltd. Dec. 19, 1962 [Feb. 15, 1962], No. 5894/62. Heading H1W. [Also in Division H3] A directional coupler which is used in a feedback amplifier (see Division H3) comprises a central line A between coaxial connectors A1, A2 which are supported by discs of conductive material 12, 13 acting as closures to an outer conducting tube 14. The second line B was parallel to the first and is turned at right angles at either end, being supported by coaxial connectors B1, B2 in the wall of tube 14. Ceramic material or a ferrite may be used to increase the coupling.
Patent GB-672112-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to radio location systems
IPC: G01S1/02
Filed: 1948-02-27
Abstract: 672,112. Radiolocation; valve circuits. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF TECHNICAL SERVICES OF. Feb. 27, 1948 [March 22, 1945], No. 5941/48. Classes 40 (vi) and 40 (vii). Fig. 1 shows in block schematic form a rangemeasuring device for use in a radar system. A pulse coincident with a transmitted pulse is applied at 10 to trigger sweep generator 11 which produces (a) a gating pulse which is applied to the range mark generator comprising units 15, 24; (b) a brightening pulse which is applied at cathode 13 to unblock the cathoderay tube 14; and (c) a further pulse which is applied to the step control circuit 20, 21. The step control output pulse is adjusted to be coincident in time with the reflected pulse received from the target which is applied to the " video in " terminal and the time between the triggering pulse and the step control pulse is read off on a calibrated scale. The step control output pulse delay adjuster may be automatically coupled with an optical sight or range indicator 27. Circuit details, Fig. 2.-A negative trigger pulse is applied to the grid of the normally conducting sweep generator valve 43 which is then cut-off so that a sudden rise in potential occurs at point 57 due to capacitor 54 charging through resistors 56, 51 and diode 45. The potential of the anode of valve 43 then rises exponentially, the valve 43 remaining cut-off after the negative trigger pulse has ceased as its grid has a negative potential applied to it from the anode of valve 30 which is rendered conducting by the rising potential at point 57. Negative gating pulses are applied from the anode of valve 30 and from point 104 to the range mark generator and the cathode of the C.R. tube indicator respectively. Capacitor 54 continues to charge until diode 45 is cut-off when the capacitor is rapidly discharged through valve 43, the speed of discharge being increased by the retro-active connection between valves 43 and 30. The cycle is repeated when the next triggering pulse is applied to the circuit. The voltage sweep generated across capacitor 54 has a forward sweep with an abrupt change in slope at one point and is applied via the cathode follower stage 50 to the horizontal deflection plates of the C.R. tube and to the grid of the step control valve 78 via biased diode 67. The setting of the tapping on potentiometer 69 is adjusted so that a signal is applied to the grid of valve 78 after a predetermined time interval from the commencement of the forward sweep of the saw-tooth voltage at the cathode of valve 50. The signal is limited and amplified in stages 78, 79 to produce a rectangular pulse waveform at the anode of valve 79 which is applied to the vertical deflection plates of the C.R. tube. The small variable capacitor 103 is adjusted to neutralize by negative feed-back any signal which appears on the grid of valve 79 due to the inter-electrode capacity of diode 67. The tapping point 77 on potentiometer 69 may be mechanically coupled to a range reading device.
Patent GB-873875-A (GB)
Title: Production of conjugated diolefines
Inventor: WIRTH MAX MARIN
IPC: C07C1/247
Filed: 1959-02-20
Abstract: Conjugated diolefines together with aldehydes and small amounts of mono-olefines are produced by contacting a 1,3-dioxane with a phosphate of a Group IIIB element as catalyst at elevated temperatures.  4,4-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxane produces isoprene and formaldehyde with small amounts of isobutene which with the formaldehyde may be used to produce more of the dioxane.  Suitable conditions are 200-450 DEG C. and 0.1-100 liquid volumes of dioxane per volume of catalyst per hour, preferably mixed with steam, nitrogen or butane.  The phosphate may be used alone or in amounts of 5-25% on a support such as silica which may contain combined sodium. Boron phosphate is preferred; the use of aluminium phosphate on silica and of mixed boron and aluminium phosphate is also exemplified.ALSO:A catalyst for the conversion of 1,3-dioxanes to conjugated diolefins comprises phosphates of a Group IIIB element supported, for example, on silica gel.  The support preferably contains combined sodium and the catalyst may contain 5-25% by weight of boron and/or aluminium phosphate.
Patent GB-784569-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to photo-reproduction material
IPC: G03F7/031
Filed: 1956-02-27
Abstract: 2 - (p - Toluene sulphonyl) - 5 - nitrothiophene is made by refluxing 2-iodo-5-nitrothiophene and p-toluene sulphinic acid sodium salt in aqueous dioxane followed by recrystallization from ethanol and methanol.  X - Nitro - thienyl - (2) - o - carboxyl phenyl sulphone is made from thienyl-(2)-o-carboxy-phenyl sulphide and fuming nitric acid.  5 - Nitro - thienyl - (2) - o - carboxy - phenyl sulphide is made by heating 2-iodo-5-nitrothiophene and thiosalicylic acid in the presence of anhydrous potassium hydroxide and copper acetate followed by precipitation with hydrochloric acid.  2 - Nitrothiophene - 3 - sulphonic acid anilide is made by warming the corresponding acid with phosphorus pentachloride to form the sulphonyl chloride and heating this with aniline.  3-Nitro-thionaphthene is made by nitrating thionaphthene in glacial acetic acid.  2 - Bromo - 3 - nitro - thionaphthene is made by treating 3-nitro-thionaphthene with bromine. 2 - Nitro - 3 - bromo - thionaphthene is made by treating thionaphthene with bromine and then nitrating.  3 - Nitro - thionaphthene - x - sulphonic acid anilide is made by treating the corresponding sulphonyl chloride with aniline.  5,51 - Dinitro - 2,21 - dithienyl is made by nitrating dithienyl.  3 - Nitro - thionaphthene - x - sulphonic acid is made by sulphonating 3-nitro-thionaphthene.  2 - Nitro - 3 - bromo - thionaphthene - X - sulphonic acid is made by sulphonating 2-nitro-3-bromo-thionaphthene. 2 - Nitro - thiophene - 3 - sulphonic acid is made by sulphonating 2-nitrothiophene.  2 - Bromo - 3 - nitro - thionaphthene - X - sulphonic acid is made by sulphonating 2-bromo-3-nitro-thionaphthene. 3,4 - Dinitro - 5 - bromo - thiophene - 2 - carboxylic acid is made by nitrating 5-bromo-thiophene-2-carboxylic acid. Specification 633,746, [Group XVI], is referred to.
Patent GB-366308-A (GB)
Title: Improved file for cards
IPC: B42F17/18
Filed: 1931-02-26
Abstract: 366,308. V i s i b l e card indexes. THIEME, (nee OVERHOFF), E., 13, Sch³tzenstrasse, Schwertz, Ruhr, Germany. Feb. 26, 1931, No. 6088. Convention date, Feb. 26, 1930. Addition to 364,893. [Class 146 (i).] In a visible card index 2 as described in the parent Specification, the guide rivets 10 are fixed to a tongue 11 connected to or struckup from the foldengaging member 12, instead of being fixed to the carrier 1, so that the bar 6 can be lifted slightly while being pulled out. Resilient material is utilized for the bar 6 for the same purpose. A flap 13 formed integral with or fixed to the member 12 covers the exposed part of the bar 6 and can be tucked under the flanged end 15 of a sheet-metal casing 16 riveted to or frictionally engaging the carrier 1 in order to secure the member 12 and bar 6 in their normal positions. The bar 6 may be sufficiently long to extend beneath the flange 15 for the same purpose. The edge of the member 12 adjacent to its junction with the flap 13 is provided with fold-engaging projecting tongues 24 which may be integral with the member or may consist of strips 24 which are adjustable relatively to the member 12 by means of a press-button engaging one of a series of coacting parts on the member 12. In a further modification the tongues 24 are formed integral with a card, the corners of which engage inclined or transverse slits in the member. The bar 6 is graduated and holes are formed in the cards 2 so that the graduations can be seen. A finger-hole may be formed in the end of the bar for manipulating it.