baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent RU-2019287-C1 (RU)
Title: Reactor for catalytically decontaminating gases under nonstationary conditions
Inventor: CHUMACHENKO VIKTOR A
IPC: B01J8/04
Filed: 1992-01-22
Granted: 1994-09-15
Abstract: FIELD: chemistry; chemical engineering. SUBSTANCE: reactor includes upright cylindrical housing having cover, bottom and gas inlet and outlet pipes communicating with gas discharge pipe via reversing valve system. Reactor is further provided with two vertical partitions hermetically communicating with bottom and side walls, fitting tightly to cover and positioned with certain gap relative to reactor bottom. These partitions divide reactor housing into three intercommunicating chambers in lower portions of which is disposed grating. First and third chambers (as looking in direction of gas flow) enclose inert material and second (central) chamber contains catalyst. EFFECT: more sophisticated design. 3 cl, 4 dwg
Patent RU-2004330-C1 (RU)
Inventor: STEPINA ALLA I
IPC: B02C17/22
Filed: 1992-04-07
Granted: 1993-12-15
Abstract: Использование: изобретение относитс  к фу-  теровкам измельчительного оборудовани  и может быть использовано в горнорудной строительной,  цементной и в других отрасл х народного хоз йства  Сущность изобретени : футеровочные элементы  выполнены трапецеидального профил  содержащего  полки, ограниченные наружной радиусной , внутренними и торцевыми гран ми, причем основание  футеровочного элемента ограничено радиусной  кривой, а соотношение ширины нижних  пр молинейных участков полки к ширине основани   высоты к ширине основани  и ширины верхней грани  футеровочного элемента к ширине основани   составл ют 0.4 - 0,45; 0,7 - 0,72 и 0,47 - 0,5 соответственно . 1 ил.
Patent RU-2031836-C1 (RU)
Title: Method of charcoal preparing
Inventor: GLUSHANKOV SAMUIL L
IPC: C01B31/08
Filed: 1992-04-03
Granted: 1995-03-27
Abstract: FIELD: chemical technology. SUBSTANCE: hydrolytic lignin is dried up to humidity 20-25%, briquetted under pressure 30-40 MPa, heated in rotating muffle furnace at the rate 15-20 C/min up to 400-500 C, carbonized, activated with agent containing steam and separated by fractions. EFFECT: improved method of charcoal preparing. 1 tbl
Patent RU-2055555-C1 (RU)
Inventor: MARGUS MIKHAIL E
IPC: A61F9/00
Filed: 1992-05-07
Granted: 1996-03-10
Abstract: FIELD: ophthalmology. SUBSTANCE: device has contact eye lens. There are magnetophore film on the lens, as well as porous film, impregnated with medicinal preparation. The porous film has a hole matching to pupil of eye. EFFECT: improved efficiency of cure. 5 dwg
Patent RU-2065682-C1 (RU)
Title: Header with automatic cleaning cylinder charging apparatus
Inventor: KOMAROV NIKOLAJ P
IPC: A01D41/08
Filed: 1992-06-05
Granted: 1996-08-27
Abstract: FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: apparatus has grain sensor with pedals positioned at least at the level of header bottom working surface behind grain mass smoothing device auger. Dividers of smoothing device are coupled with ribs of screenless separator. Grain sensor is connected with combine speed control system to allow grain mass delivery rate to be decreased in case it exceeds predetermined rate. EFFECT: increased efficiency, simplified construction and enhanced reliability in operation. 4 dwg
Patent RU-2018602-C1 (RU)
Title: Device for erecting multilayer walls of monolithic building
Inventor: BELIMOV VLADIMIR A
IPC: E04G15/06
Filed: 1992-08-28
Granted: 1994-08-30
Abstract: FIELD: construction engineering. SUBSTANCE: central haulage is made with longitudinal groove. Lower axle of linkage parallelogram is fixed in the groove. On the linkage parallelogram internal and external shields are suspended on the folds through the suspension. EFFECT: simplified design. 2 cl, 2 dwg
Patent RU-2070725-C1 (RU)
Title: Device for real time separation and identification of pulse signals
Inventor: GRINBLAT ANATOLIJ YA
IPC: G01S7/295
Filed: 1992-09-22
Granted: 1996-12-20
Abstract: FIELD: radiolocation. SUBSTANCE: invention is aimed at processing of pulse information. Device for real time separation and identification of pulse signals incorporates frequency meter 1, amplitude meter 2, bearing meter 3, unit 4 processing frequency and phase, amplitude processing unit 5, pulse coming time meter 6, frequency selector 7, duration selector 8, bearing selector 9, comparator 10 of modulation time, unit 12 controlling recording, recording commutator 13, pulse on-line storage 14, reading commutator 15, frequency comparator 16, deviation comparator 17, pulse duration comparator 18, similarity solving unit 19, matrix solving unit 20, working storage 21 of numbers of signal pulses, frequency averaging unit 22, deviation averaging unit 23, duration averaging unit 24, maximum amplitude determining unit 25, period computation unit 26, bearing averaging unit 27, signal on-line storage 28, signal identification unit 29, standard signal unit 30, display 31, control panel 31, printer 32, control unit 34. Device separates and identifies in real time each source of information in summary pulse flux composed of signals of many sources. EFFECT: increased functional reliability and stability of device. 2 cl, 3 dwg
Patent RU-2069171-C1 (RU)
Title: Process for preparing anhydrous calcium peroxide
Inventor: IPPOLITOV EVGENIJ G
IPC: C01B15/04
Filed: 1992-06-24
Granted: 1996-11-20
Abstract: FIELD: bleaching and disinfecting agents. SUBSTANCE: 10% NaOH solution and 30% $$$ solution, are poured to $$$ solution, NaOH solution may further comprise 6.0-10 wt% NaCl. pH of the reaction mixture is 10-12. The precipitate is filtered, washed with water and dried at 125 C to give calcium peroxide containing 81-87.8 wt%, $$$ yield is 76-90 wt%. EFFECT: more efficient preparation process. 2 cl, 2 tbl
Patent DE-10000759-C1 (DE)
Title: Production of justifying marks in a structure with integrated circuits comprises applying a first planar metal layer over a semiconductor substrate, applying an insulating layer, inserting metal and depositing a second metal layer
Inventor: HANEBECK JOCHEN
IPC: G03F9/00
Filed: 2000-01-11
Granted: 2001-05-23
Abstract: Production of justifying marks in a structure with integrated circuits comprises applying a first planar metal layer (3) over a semiconductor substrate (1) with integrated circuits; applying an insulating layer (2) to the metal layer; etching contact holes and justifying trenches in the insulating layer; inserting metal (6) into the trenches and contact holes and treating the surface of the insulating layer by chemical-mechanical polishing; and depositing a second metal layer (9) onto the insulating layer to produce recesses (8) which form the justifying marks. Preferred Features: The first metal layer is made of AlCu. The second metal layer is made of W. The insulating layer consists of an oxide layer made of SiO2.
Patent DE-10002933-C1 (DE)
Title: Iron-chromium-aluminum foil production, used e.g. as support material for exhaust gas treatment catalysts, comprises coating one or both sides of supporting strip with aluminum or aluminum alloys, and carrying out homogenizing treatment
Inventor: HOJDA RALF
IPC: C21D8/02
Filed: 2000-01-25
Granted: 2001-07-05
Abstract: Production of iron-chromium-aluminum (Fe-Cr-Al) foils having a shrinkage in length and/or width of less than 0.5% comprises coating one or both sides of a supporting strip with Al or Al alloys, and carrying out a homogenizing treatment and adjusting the total coating to 0.5-5%. Production of iron-chromium-aluminum (Fe-Cr-Al) foils having a shrinkage in length and/or width of less than 0.5% comprises coating one or both sides of a supporting strip with Al or Al alloys, and carrying out a homogenizing treatment at 600-1200 deg C and adjusting the total coating to 0.5-5%. The strip is made of (wt.%): 16-25 Cr; 2-6 Al; 0.1-3 silicon (Si); maximum of 0.5 manganese (Mn); 0.01-0.3 zirconium (Zr); and/or 0.01-0.1 rare earth and/or yttrium (Y), hafnium (Hf) or titanium (Ti); maximum 0.01 magnesium (Mg); maximum 0.1 calcium (Ca); and balance iron.
Patent DE-10009804-C1 (DE)
Title: Ventilated automobile passenger seat has air transported through cushion pad parallel to seat covering by integrated suction fan
Inventor: SCHWARZ TOBIAS
IPC: B60N2/56
Filed: 2000-03-01
Granted: 2001-12-06
Abstract: The passenger seat has a support structure (3) provided with a cushion pad (1) containing animal hair or plant fibres embedded in rubber and a seat covering (2), with an integrated suction fan (7) coupled to air channels (6), defined by grooves (1b) provided on the rear side of the cushion pad, which are covered by an air impervious material.
Patent DE-10046431-C1 (DE)
Title: Fire-resistant cable duct for use in building or on-board ship, has individual sections assembled from pre-fabricated plaster board components sealed together at their ends
Inventor: BIRKMUELLER HANS-HEINZ
IPC: H02G3/04
Filed: 2000-09-20
Granted: 2002-03-14
Abstract: The cable duct is assembled from plaster boards, forming pre-fabricated side walls provided with inwards directed lips at their top and bottom edges and top and bottom panels provided with complementary grooves for reception of these lips. The duct can be assembled from individual sections which are sealed together, with all the boards provided with inwards or outwards directed lips at one or both ends. Also included are Independent claims for the following: (a) a manufacturing method for a fire-resistant cable duct; and (b) a pre-fabricated top and bottom panel for a fire-resistant cable duct.
Patent DE-10064232-C1 (DE)
Title: Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Führen einer Bearbeitungselektrode in einer Werkzeugmaschine, insbesondere in einer Drahterodiermaschine
Inventor: TOBLER KARL
IPC: B23H7/10
Filed: 2000-12-22
Granted: 2002-07-04
Abstract: Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zum Führen einer draht- oder bandförmigen Bearbeitungselektrode in einer Werkzeugmaschine, insbesondere zum Einfädeln einer Drahtelektrode in einer Drahterodiermaschine, wobei ein Durchgangskanal (18) zum Erzeugen eines Fluidstrahls, innerhalb welchem die Bearbeitungselektrode geführt wird, und ein oder mehrere Stelleinrichtungen zum Verändern des Querschnittes des Durchgangskanals (18) und damit des Querschnitts des Fluidstrahls vorgesehen sind.
Patent DE-10110889-C1 (DE)
Title: Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kühlkanalkolbens, sowie ein nach dem Verfahren hergestellter Kühlkanalkolben
Inventor: HUANG YUEJUN
IPC: B21K1/18
Filed: 2001-03-07
Granted: 2002-10-02
Abstract: Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines einteiligen Kühlkanalkolbens, wobei ein im Schmiedeverfahren hergestellter Kolbenrohling mit einer umlaufenden ringförmigen Ausnehmung zwischen den Kolbenschäften und dem Kolbenboden und im Bereich eines Kolbenringbandes mit einem nach unten offenen Kühlkanal versehen wird, wobei zur Erhöhung der Führungsfläche der Kolbenschäfte vorgesehen ist, daß unterhalb des Kolbenringbandes ein dieses Kolbenringband verlängerndes Bauteil angeschweißt wird.
Patent DE-10115774-C1 (DE)
Title: Quick action coupling, for pressurized air brake in vehicle,  has return valve with tappet, externally threaded connection, two arms with forked end and sealing ring
Inventor: GEISHAUSER ALFONS
IPC: B60T17/22
Filed: 2001-03-29
Granted: 2002-07-11
Abstract: Pressurized air attachment (2) in form of return valve has tappet (4) protruding axially from externally threaded connection piece (3). Pressurized air attachment open when tappet is pressed into threaded connection piece. Quick coupling is in the form of tongs; one arm of which has forked end, while other arm, together with sealing ring, is placed on free end rim of threaded connection piece and has opening concentric with sealing ring.
Patent DE-10129003-C1 (DE)
Title: Sealing system for highly pressurized lid/flange connections comprises a full metal ring filling out a groove in a lid to produce a small overhang on the lid base surface forming a high pressure seal together with an opposing flange surface
Inventor: KLEIBRINK HORST
IPC: F16L23/16
Filed: 2001-06-15
Granted: 2002-11-28
Abstract: Sealing system for highly pressurized lid/flange connections comprises a semicircular groove concentrically screwed into a lid (1) and having a smaller relieving groove incorporated in its base, a small pressurized agent feed bore opening into the relieving groove from the rear side of the lid, and a full metal ring (8) which after insertion in the groove and pre-tensioning of the screw connection fills out the groove and only a small part of the relieving groove. A small overhang (A) produced on the lid base surface forms the high pressure seal together with the opposing flange surface.
Patent DE-10137518-C1 (DE)
Title: Elektrische Wicklungsanordnung
Inventor: ALBER FRIEDRICH
IPC: H01F27/08
Filed: 2001-07-30
Granted: 2003-04-24
Abstract: Die Erfindung betrifft eine elektrische Wicklungsanordnung (2, 2a) mit zumindest zwei nebeneinander angeordneten Wicklungsteilanordnungen (3, 4; 32, 33). Um die Wicklungsanordnung (2, 2a) für eine vergleichsweise hohe Nennleistung auszubilden, ist vorgesehen, dass zwischen den Wicklungsteilanordnungen (3, 4; 32, 33) ein Kühlelement (20; 48) angeordnet ist.
Patent DE-10157315-C1 (DE)
Title: Hip replacement joint comprises ball and socket, surface of ball being etched to roughen it by forming microstructure of grooves
Inventor: FISCHER ALFONS
IPC: A61F2/36
Filed: 2001-11-23
Granted: 2003-08-14
Abstract: Hip replacement joint comprises a ball (2) and socket (3). The surface (4) of the ball is etched to roughen it by forming a microstructure of grooves.  Independent claims are included for: (a) a composite surface for a joint comprising an etched, roughened surface as above with a coating over it; and (b) a method for making the joint, as described above.
Patent DE-10208702-C1 (DE)
Title: Resistive-capacitive voltage divider, has position of parallel capacitor offset by 90 degrees between each parallel resistor-capacitor circuit arranged around axis of voltage divider
Inventor: ERMISCH JOCHEN
IPC: H01C13/02
Filed: 2002-02-25
Granted: 2003-06-18
Abstract: The voltage divider has resistor-capacitor parallel circuits (2,2',2,2') connected in series. Each resistor-capacitor parallel circuit includes several resistors (R1,R2,R3) connected in series, arranged one behind the other around the longitudinal axis of the voltage divider, and with a respective parallel capacitor (C1,C2,C3,C4). The capacitors of adjacent parallel circuits are mutually offset by an angle e.g. of 90 degrees.
Patent DE-19505680-C1 (DE)
Title: Condensn. injection moulding of preform for food-quality bottle
Inventor: STIBAL WERNER DIPL ING
IPC: C08G63/78
Filed: 1995-02-20
Granted: 1996-05-23
Abstract: Condensn. injection moulding process for the prod. of bottle preforms from a melt of PET and/or its copolymers comprises: (a) feeding a continuous stream or partial stream of polyester melt from polycondensation, which has an intrinsic viscosity (I.V.) of 0.5-0.75 dl/g, opt. under an inert gas; (b) continuing condensn. in the melt under vacuum at 285-260 deg C, with a dwell less than 60 min., to an I.V. of 0.75-0.95 dl/g and acetaldehyde (I) content less than 10, pref. less than 5 ppm; and (c) immediately transferring the melt into an injection moulding tool, opt. with transfer equipment, and converting it to a preform. Pref. the copolyester contains max. 10, esp. 2-5 mole-% comonomers, more esp. lactones, isophthalic acid, naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, 1,4-cyclohexane-dimethanol and/or diethylene glycol, partic. caprolactone. The inert gas is N2 or supercritical CO2. The temp. decreases during sec. condensation, a vacuum less than 1 mbar is maintained and the dwell in the reactor is less than 40 mins.. A screw reactor with at least 2 screws is used. The transfer equipment has a double piston system.
Patent DE-19525850-C1 (DE)
Title: HF-tight filter-fan built into assembly plate aperture
Inventor: IMMEL MANFRED
IPC: B01D46/42
Filed: 1995-07-15
Granted: 1996-08-14
Abstract: Filter ventilator built in a HF-tight manner into a slot of a mounting plate. An electroconductive housing and an electroconductive adhesive that seals the transition between the housing and the mounting plate in an HF-tight manner ensure HF-tightness.
Patent DE-19530522-C1 (DE)
Title: Soluble copolymers for use as binders in high-solids wood paint
Inventor: DOS SANTOS ANTONIO MANUEL
IPC: C08G18/62
Filed: 1995-08-19
Granted: 1997-04-03
Abstract: Hydroxyl gp.-contg. copolymers (I) are soluble inorganic solvents, with an OH number of 50-150 (mg KOH/g solid resin) and a soln. viscosity of 8000-12,000 mPa.s (70% in 1:2 butyl acetate/'Shellsol A' RTM) at 23 deg C.    (I) are based on:  (A) 3.5-10 wt% glycidyl ester(s) of 4-30C satd. aliphatic monocarboxylic acid(s) with a tert. or quat.  alpha -C atom;  (B) 1-7 wt% (meth)acrylic acid;  (C) 15-25 wt% 2-hydroxyethyl or 2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate and/or hydroxybutyl acrylate;  (D) 30-50 wt% methyl methacrylate;  (E) 10-30 wt% butyl, ethyl and/or 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate; (F) 0-15 wt% butyl, ethyl and/or 2-ethylhexyl acrylate; and  (G) 0-3 wt% polypropylene glycol mono-methacrylate with a mol. wt. of 350-387. (I) are obtd. by: (i) heating a mixt. of inert solvent(s) and monomer (A);  (ii) gradually adding (B), (C), (D), (E) and opt. (F) and (G), together with polymerisation initiators and opt. chain transfer agents and carboxy-epoxy catalysts, at a suitable temp. for polymerisation and simultaneous adduct formation (A + B); and  (iii) (opt.) continuing reaction at this temp. until polymerisation is complete.  Also claimed is the above process, in which the mixt. of solvent and (A) is heated to the b.pt., the other components (see above) are added continuously over 5-20 hrs. while heating to achieve simultaneous polymerisation and addn., and polymerisation is completed in a further 2-5 hrs.
Patent DE-19612744-C1 (DE)
Inventor: MUELLER WALTER DR ING
IPC: H02J3/06
Filed: 1996-03-29
Granted: 1997-11-13
Abstract: In a transformer arrangement (1a, 1b, 1c) for controlling the flow of energy in electric power transmission lines (9a, 9b, 9c, 9d), one of the windings (3) of a booster transformer (13a, 13b) is subdivided into two partial windings (5a, 5b) with a central tap (7). Each of the partial windings (5a, 5b) can be connected to one transmission line (9a, 9b, 9c, 9d) and the central tap (7) forms a network node (X, Y, K). The throughput rating of this transformer arrangement (1a, 1b, 1c) is lower than that of the prior art.
Patent DE-19624065-C1 (DE)
Title: Thermostable deep yellow azo pigments easily dispersed in high molecular organic material
Inventor: WEBER JOACHIM DR
IPC: C09D11/037
Filed: 1996-06-17
Granted: 1997-09-25
Abstract: N-( alpha -carbamoyl-phenylazo)-4-(6-methyl-benzo-thiazol-2-yl)-aniline compounds of formula (I) are new, where R1, R2 = hydrogen (H), 1-4 carbon (C) alkyl, 5-6 C cycloalkyl, benzyl, unsubstituted phenyl or phenyl with 1-5 substituents selected from 1-4 C alkyl, 1-4 C alkoxy, halogen, nitro (NO2), cyano (CN), hydroxyl (OH), trifluoromethyl (CF3), (substituted) carbamoyl groups of the formulae CONH2, CONH(5-6 C cycloalkyl), CON(1-4 C alkyl)2, CONH(1-4 C alkyl) and CONH(phenyl) and carboxylate ester groups of the formulae COO(1-4 C alkyl) or COO(5-6 C cycloalkyl); R3 = H, 1-4 C alkyl, 1-4 C alkoxy, halogen, NO2, CN, OH, CF3, COO(1-4 C alkyl) or COO(5-6 C cycloalkyl); and n = 1 or 2.
Patent DE-19651702-C1 (DE)
Title: Spray jet function monitoring method e.g. for painting system
Inventor: KUECHEN JOERG
IPC: B05B12/00
Filed: 1996-12-12
Granted: 1998-04-16
Abstract: The method involves deriving a first signal (11) from the noise in the vicinity of the spray jet (2) and analyzing the signal to evaluate the function of the spray jet. A second signal (12) is derived from the noise in the wider region surrounding the spray jet. A useful signal (14) can be isolated from the first and second signals and analyzed to evaluate the spray jet functionality. The noise is digitized and the useful signal is isolated using a compensation circuit. The useful signal is compared with a reference and the degree of similarity (16) indicated.
Patent DE-19735821-C1 (DE)
Title: Luggage-securing equipment in car-boot
Inventor: WEBER NORBERT
IPC: B60R7/02
Filed: 1997-08-18
Granted: 1998-10-29
Abstract: The component (3) is adjustable at right-angles to the boot floor (2), so as to protrude in the vertical direction inside the boot. When retracted into the idle position, its end nearest to the boot interior is flush with the floor. It can be accommodated in a rail (1) which is flush with the floor, this typically containing several supporting components in a straight line. These can be spring-loaded into the working position, and secured in the idle one by detachable holders.
Patent DE-19739106-C1 (DE)
Title: Construction method for foundations etc. in water-filled excavation
Inventor: DALLACH GERT DR ING
IPC: E02D23/02
Filed: 1997-09-06
Granted: 1999-04-29
Abstract: The method uses a floating caisson with base (7), side walls (9), reinforcements and anchors (8) of steel. This is assembled on dry land, inserted watertight and floating into the excavation, lowered continuously or in stages, and then anchored in the side walls near the base (6) of the excavation. Base and/or side walls are reinforced with concrete. Anchoring is via a pref. horizontal anchor ring of steel.
Patent DE-19741063-C1 (DE)
Title: Planar structure of paper, fleece, fabric or laminate with diverse medical applications
Inventor: RIEDEL BERND DR
IPC: C08J5/22
Filed: 1997-09-18
Granted: 1999-08-05
Abstract: A mixture of fine, water-soluble or strongly-swelling fibers and/or fibrils and/or spherical particles, bond with anionic and cationic polyelectrolyte. Final structure is achieved only after influence of water or aqueous solutions and/or aqueous emulsions and/or aqueous suspensions. Polyelectrolyte complex membranes are formed at contact surfaces between polyanionic and polycationic components. Preferred features: At least one polyelectrolyte is water soluble. Ratio of polyanionic to polycationic components departs by up to 70%, preferably up to 20% from the stoichiometric anion/cation ratio. Mean thickness of polyanionic and polycationic components is less than 100 mu m, preferably less than 30  mu m. The polyelectrolyte substrates are cellulosic. Polyanionic and polycationic components include up to 200%, preferably up to 50%, carriers or fillers, which do not take part in the polyanion-polycation reaction. Other non-participant additives are included. The substrates binding anionic and cationic polyelectrolytic components which form the planar structure, have hydrophobic materials on their surfaces.
Patent DE-19755968-C1 (DE)
Title: Adapter for coupling 2 multi-pole signal lines
Inventor: DINGENOTTO MEINOLF
IPC: H01R13/719
Filed: 1997-12-16
Granted: 1999-09-09
Abstract: The adapter has a screened housing (1) with a planar filter (8) fitted transversely between the digital signal lines with a corresponding number of capacitors having signal electrodes coupled to the respective signal lines and separate earth electrodes fed out from one side of the planar filter. The housing has 2 identical intermediate sections (11) with inwards lipped edges (15) abutting one another and outwards lipped edges (13) at the oppposite side, respectively soldered together and soldered to the outwards lipped edges (2.1,5.1) of the end collars (2,5).
Patent DE-19803206-C1 (DE)
Title: New tetrakis-carboranylmethyl-propane derivatives useful in boron neutron capture tumor therapy or as labeling agents in energy filtering transmission electron microscopy
Inventor: WIESLER MANFRED PROF DR
IPC: A61K41/00
Filed: 1998-01-28
Granted: 1999-06-17
Abstract: 1,1,3,3-Tetrakis-(carboranylmethyl)-propane derivatives (I) are new. Boron compounds of formula (I) are new. Cb  = carborane (B10C2H12); R, R1-R3  = H or organic group;  or CRR1  = C(O). An Independent claim is also included for the preparation of (I).