baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent HU-204008-B (HU)
Inventor: BALOGH GABOR
IPC: B60J5/00
Filed: 1987-10-20
Abstract: A találmány tárgya jáiműnyílászáró, célszerűen többlépcsős autóbuszok részére szolgáló bolygó ajtó, amely függőleges állású felül csapágyazott fordítótengellyel rendelkezik, amely fordítótengely képezi a nyílászáró zárt helyzetéből a jármű hossztengelyére harántirányban a jármű belsejébe 90°-kal billenthető nyílászáró mozgatószervét A találmány szerinti járműhyílászáró újdonsága abban van, hogy a nyílászáró zárt helyzetében sík felületet alkot a jármű külső falával, és hogy a nyílászáró két ajtóelemből, nevezetesen egy nagyobb ajtóelemből (01) és egy ezen utóbbit kiegészítő, a lépcsők fölött billenthető kisebb ajtóelemből (02) áll, amely utóbbi a jármű külső oldalfalának alsó részétől a padlószintig terjed és amely kisebb ajtóelem (02) a nyílászáró fordítótengelyéhez (03) képest a nyílászáró ellenkező oldalán a nagyobbik ajtóelem (01) alsó sarkában helyezkedik el; és hogy a nyílászáró nyitott helyzetében a kisebb ajtóelem (02) a nagyobb ajtóelem (01) mögött párhuzamos síkban áll; továbbá hogy mind a nagyobb ajtóelem (01) mind a kisebb ajtóelem (02) 90°-os billentését végrehajtó erőforrással, pl. gázrugóval (16) csuklósán összekötött alul-felűl csapágyazott fordítótengelye (03) van, amelyhez a nagyobb ajtóelem (01) alsó fortiítókarja (06) és felső konzolja (07), míg a kisebb ajtóelem (02) egy segédfordítókar (08) útján csatlakozik csuklósán; továbbá hogy a nagyobb ajtóelem (01) vezetőpályáját egy ezen nagyobb ajtóelemhez (01) csatlakozó konzolnak (12) görgőjét befogadó vízszintes vezetőpálya (11) alkotja, míg a kisebb ajtóelem (02) vezetőpályájába (14) a kisebb ajtóelem (02) konzoljának (13) görgője van befoglalva.  HU 204 008 B A leírás terjedelme: 6 oldal (ezen belül 2 lap ábra)
Patent HU-199445-B (HU)
Title: Process for producing enolsilyl ethers
Inventor: KANEKO TAKUSHI
IPC: C07D211/26
Filed: 1988-12-16
Abstract: 1,4-disubstituted piperidinyl compounds of formula  I useful as antiarrhythmics, analgesics, and serotonin 5HT₂ antagonists.
Patent HU-204521-B (HU)
Title: Process for producing quinoline derivatives and pharmaceutical compositions containing them
Inventor: MATSUMOTO JUN-ICHI
IPC: A61K31/495
Filed: 1988-10-14
Abstract: A quinoline derivative of the formula
      wherein Z is an amino group or a halogen atom, and Ri, R 2  and R 3  are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms,  
and an ester thereof and a salt of the derivative or the ester and processes for preparation thereof. These compounds show excellent antibacterial activity and are useful as antibacterial agents.
Patent HU-198187-B (HU)
Title: Herbicides comprising 1-arylpyrazole derivatives as active ingredient and process for producing the active ingredients
Inventor: GEHRING REINHOLD
IPC: C07F9/6503
Filed: 1986-12-19
Abstract: Die Erfindung betrifft neue 1-Aryl-pyrazole der allgemeinen Formel (1),  -       in welcher
     R für Cyano oder Nitro steht,   Ar für jeweils gegebenenfalls substituiertes Phenyl oder Pyridyt steht und R 1     X für eine Azidogruppe oder für einen Rest -N*p-R 2  R 3   
wobei   R 1 , R 2  und R 3  unabhängig voneinander jeweils für Alkyl, Alkenyl, Alkinyl, Halogenalkyl, Alkoxy, Alkoxyalkyl, Cycloalkyl, Cycloalkyloxy oder für jeweils gegebenenfalls substituiertes Aryl, Aryloxy, Aralkyl oder Aralkyloxy stehen, wobei jedoch für den Fall, daß R für Cyano steht und X gleichzeitig für eine Azidogruppe steht, Ar nicht für unsubstituiertes Phenyl oder für 5-Nitro-2-pyridyl steht, mehrere Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung als Herbizide und Wachstumsregulatoren.
Patent HU-204297-B (HU)
Inventor: WEBERNE DR KOVACS EVA
IPC: C09K3/14
Filed: 1990-11-26
Abstract: A találmány szerinti készítmény 25-30 tömeg% —1,10-1,15 g/cm3 sűrűségű, 158- 163 savszámú, 60-65 ’C lágyuláspontú — fenyőgyantát, 5-8 tömeg% — 80-90 tömeg% dibutilftálát és 1020 tömeg% di-C5-Cg-alkilftálát elegyű—lágyítót, 2,5-3 tomeg% — 1,17-1,20 g/cm3 sűrűségű, 1,470-1,500 törésmutatójú, 62-67 ’C lágyuláspontú 1,00-2,00 CP viszkozitású, 1400-1500 polimerizációs fokú — poli(vinil-acetát) műgyantát és a 100 tömeg%-hoz szükséges mennyiségű denaturált szeszt tartalmaz. A tapadási tényező optimális kialakításához fenyőgyanta és a polí(vinil-acetát) műgyanta tömegaránya 10:1, a lágyító és a poli(vinil-acetát) műgyanta aránya 2,1-2,8:1. HU 204 297 A A leírás terjedelme: 4 oldal, ábra nélkül
Patent IT-1207594-B (IT)
Title: Deodorised fertiliser
Inventor: MARCHESINI PIER LUIGI
IPC: C05G/
Filed: 1987-01-16
Granted: 1989-05-25
Abstract: A method for assaying for the presence or quantity of a suspect nucleic acid sequence of at least ten bases in a suspect sample contg. single stranded DNA or RNA, comprises: (a) contacting suspect sample with a molecular genetic probe comprising a modified nucleic acid sequence contg. complementary single stranded DNA or RNA hybridisable with the suspect nucleic acid sequence, to form a hybridised complex, said modified nucleic acid sequence having been formed by alkylation, sulphonation, nitrosonation, or nitrophenylation; (b) removing non-hybridised nucleic acids to form a first reaction mixt. consisting essentially of the hybridised complex; (c) contacting the first reaction mixt. with antibodies specific to the modified portion of the modified nucleic acid sequence of said molecular genetic probe to form an antibody bound complex; (d) adding a labelling agent adapted to signal the presence of said antibodies; and (e) removing unreacted labelled antibody to form a second reaction mixt. which is essentially free of unreacted labelled antibody; (f) measuring the second reaction mixt. for the presence and/or extent of the presence of the labelled antibodies as an indication of the extent or presence of the suspect nucleic acid sequence in the sample
Patent IT-1028539-B (IT)
Title: Stereophonic reproduction system using control signals - has signals controlling AF signal distribution in both loudspeaker channels
IPC: G10L/
Filed: 1974-11-11
Granted: 1979-02-10
Abstract: The stereophonic reproduction system has an AF signal generator (e.g. recording medium), an AF amplifier, a signal distributor to divide the output from the amplifier into two parts, a first loudspeaker to receive one part of the output signal, and a second loudspeaker for the other part. The two loudspeakers are spaced a long distance apart. The relative amplitude of the signal in one stereo channel can be increased whilst the signal amplitude of the other channel is simultaneously reduced. The AF signal generator produces two different control signals that determine the signal distribution between channels.
Patent LV-12376-B (LV)
Title: Composition of strong alcoholic
Inventor: PONOMARJOVA TAMARA
IPC: C12G3/00
Filed: 1998-04-21
Abstract: Invention pertains to the field of producing vodkas and liqueurs. The composition of ingredients for vodka drink contains water-spirit solution and 65,8% sugar syrup in the amount of 0,08-0,2 weight%, citric oil in the amount of 0,00005-0,00007 volume% and dill oil in the amount of 0,00004-0,00007 vol.%. All ingredients are calculated per 1000 dal of the final drink.
Patent NO-133240-B (NO)
Inventor: COPELAND G G
IPC: D21C11/04
Filed: 1972-04-07
Abstract: Fremgangsmåte ved behandling av avlut fra sulfatkokeprosessen.
Patent NO-136422-B (NO)
Inventor: MO OLAV
IPC: E02B17/02
Filed: 1972-12-05
Abstract: Marin plattformkonstruksjon.
Patent NO-160165-B (NO)
Title: Fremgangsmaate for maaling av en likestroem eller en lavspent vekselstroem.
Inventor: HAGELIN FRANK HELGE
IPC: G01R/
Filed: 1984-08-20
Abstract: Oppfinnelsen vedrrer en fremgangsmåte for å måle en likestrøm eller en lavfrekvent vekselstrøm ved hjelp av en transformator som har en første og en andre vikling (2 og 3) hvor strømmen er beregnet til å bli til-ført den første viklingen (2). Ifølge oppfinnelsen påtrykkes den andre viklingen (3) en moduleringsspenning fra en moduleringsspenningskilde (5) via en motstand (4). Separasjonen i fase mellom moduleringsspenningen og spenningen over den andre viklingen (3) måles i to etter-hverandre følgende nullgjennomganger ved hjelp av en fasekomparator (6). Sistnevnte er tilpasset til å generere et styresignal som reaksjon på differansen mellom disse to separasjoner i fase. Dette styresignal bevirk-es til å styre en kompenseringsstrømgenerator (7) som er tilpasset til å mate en kompenseringsstrøm til den andre viklingen (3) for kompensering av fluksen 1 transformatorkjernen (1) bevirket av strømmen i den første viklingen (2) inntil nevnte differanse er lik null.Kompenseringsstrømmen utgjør da en kopi av strømmen i den første viklingen (2) transformert over med transfor-. matorens omsetningsforhold.
Patent NO-167185-B (NO)
Title: Absorpsjonslegeme av fibre beregnet til bruk i engangsprodukter, samt fremgangsmaate for fremstilling av slike legemer.
Inventor: HELLGREN MAUD
IPC: A61F13/53
Filed: 1985-07-12
Abstract: Oppfinnelsen angår et for bruk i engangsprodukter, så som bleierbind eller sårbandasjer beregnet absorbsjons-legeme av fibre og går dessuten ut på et nytt og forbedret slikt legeme samt en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av dette.Det som er karakteristisk for absorbsjonslegemet ifølge oppfinnelsen er at det inneholder minst en type av absorberende fibre og et varmeaktiverbart bindemiddel, fortrinnsvis i form av bindefibre, at absorbsjonsfibrene er bundet til et sammenhengende legeme ved hjelp av dette bindemiddel samt at legemet ved komprimering i tykkelses-retningen er bibragt en både i våt og terr tilstand bestående kontinuerlige densitetsgradient i nevnte retning.
Patent NO-171940-B (NO)
Inventor: WILLNERS HARRY
IPC: H05B7/144
Filed: 1985-10-18
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/SE85/00083 Sec. 371 Date Oct. 21, 1985 Sec. 102(e) Date Oct. 21, 1985 PCT Filed Feb. 19, 1985 PCT Pub. No. WO85/03834 PCT Pub. Date Aug. 29, 1985.The height position of three-phase electrodes R, S, T immersed in a resistive medium is controlled first in dependence of the values for the equivalent star network load impedances  &upbar& ZRO,  &upbar& ZSO,  &upbar& ZTO of the electrodes, these impedances being calculated on the basis of measured values representative of valid delta network load impedances &upbar& ZRS,  &upbar& ZST and  &upbar& ZTR of the electrodes. The height positions of the electrodes are then equalized by selective adjustment of the electrical conductivity of the resistive medium at respective electrodes, preferably by using the so-called derivative method.
Patent NO-169041-B (NO)
Inventor: HANDL KARL
IPC: A23L13/70
Filed: 1988-10-04
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/AT88/00006 Sec. 371 Date Jul. 26, 1989 Sec. 102(e) Date Jul. 26, 1989 PCT Filed Feb. 8, 1988 PCT Pub. No. WO88/05634 PCT Pub. Date Aug. 11, 1988.In order to dry or ripen foodstuffs giving off humidity, a processing room (1) with air inlets (7) on its lower side is disclosed. The air inlets are formed by the peripheral openings of textile hoses (6) suspended above the surface of the floor (2). Aisles and/or traffic lanes (10, 11) are provided between the hoses (6).
Patent SE-341019-B (SE)
Inventor: KNAUER H
IPC: H04M19/04
Filed: 1970-04-17
Abstract: A loop current supervisory device and a central tone generator are coupled to a line leading to a called subscriber. Each is alternately rendered operative via a central astable relaxation oscillator. Thus loop current supervision and the ringing phase are clearly separated from each other.
Patent YU-46091-B (YU)
Inventor: MC GARRITY J
IPC: C07D495/04
Filed: 1987-11-26
Abstract: Imidazole derivatives of the formula:    <IMAGE>  IX  wherein R1 is an (R)- or (S)-1-phenylalkyl group, an (R)- or (S)-1-alkoxycarbonyl-1-phenylmethyl group or an (R)- or (S)-1-aryloxycarbonyl-1-phenylmethyl group, R2 is hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkanoyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted benzoyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, an alkoxyalkyl group, a pyranyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted benzenesulfonyl group, an alkylsufonyl group, a diarylphosphinyl group, a dialkoxyphosphinyl group or a trialkylsilyl group, and A is a sulfur or oxygen atom. The imidazole derivatives are intermediate products for the production of (+) biotin.
Patent ZA-801614-B (ZA)
Title: New 7-alkyl steroid derivatives,process for their preparation,their use as medicaments and the pharmaceutical compositions containing them
Inventor: NEDELEC L
IPC: A61P9/12
Filed: 1980-03-20
Abstract: Novel 7-alkyl- DELTA 4-17 alpha -pregnene-3-ones of the formula <IMAGE>  I  wherein R is selected from the group consisting of saturated and unsaturated alkyl of 2 to 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl alkyl of 4 to 8 carbon atoms and arylalkyl of 7 to 12 carbon atoms and X and Y form the group   <IMAGE>  or X is OH and Y is   <IMAGE> and M is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkali metal and NH4 and the wavy line indicates the  alpha - or  beta -position or mixtures thereof having aldosterone antagonistic activity and increased hydrosodium diuresis with organic potassium conservation while devoid of secondary hormonal effects and their preparation.
Patent ZA-802913-B (ZA)
Title: Clavulanic acid derivatives, their preparation and use
Inventor: DAVIES J
IPC: C07D498/04
Filed: 1980-05-16
Abstract: The compounds of the formula (I):and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and in-vivo hydrolysable esters thereof wherein X is a sulphur atom or SO or SO<sub>2</sub> group and R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms have been found to be β-lactamase inhibitors and antibacterial agents. Their preparation and use is described.
Patent ZA-862178-B (ZA)
Title: Digital scaling circuitry with truncation offset compensation
Inventor: FLING RUSSELL THOMAS
IPC: H03H17/04
Filed: 1986-03-24
Abstract: A scaling circuit for scaling PCM signals by factors less than one includes a bit-shift and truncating circuit (61). Roundoff error compensating circuitry adds (60) an offset value - (38)to the samples (15) to be scaled by the bit-shift circuitry to compensate for errors produced by truncation without rounding. The offset values may be dithered to increase the apparent resolution of the system.
Patent ZA-875180-B (ZA)
Title: Process for the preparation of taxol and 10-deacetyltaxol
Inventor: COLIN MICHEL
IPC: C07D305/14
Filed: 1987-07-15
Abstract: Taxol and 10-deacetyltaxol are prepared from a compound of formula: <IMAGE>   in which R' represents acetyl or 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl radical, by removal of the t-butoxycarbonyl radical, benzoylation of the amine product obtained, and removal of the 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl group(s).
Patent ZA-878157-B (ZA)
Title: Viable cell labelling
Inventor: HORAN PAUL KARL
IPC: G01N33/49
Filed: 1987-10-30
Abstract: Methods for reproducibly labelling viable cells with cyanine dyes that do not significantly affect cell viability. Applications for labelled cells include using labelled red blood cells to distinguish post-transfusional bleeding from immunologic reaction and using dilution to measure growth rate of cultured cells.
Patent ZA-879701-B (ZA)
Title: Method for preparing crystalline cefadroxil monohydrate
IPC: A61K31/545
Filed: 1987-12-28
Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing crystalline cefadroxil monohydrate. According to such a method a cefadroxil solvate is slurried with isopropyl alcohol containing less 6% to 18% W/W of water at a temperature between + 45 and +55 DEG C: the crystalline cefadroxil monohydrate is isolated by filtration. Some of the cefadroxil solvates which can be used are novel: they are prepared by adding dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or monomethylformamide to an aqueous solution of cefadroxil at a pH between 5.5 and 6.
Patent ZA-907198-B (ZA)
Title: Power driven cutting tools
Inventor: HOLMES ALAN HERBERT
IPC: B27G19/00
Filed: 1990-09-11
Abstract: This invention relates to power-driven cutting tools for use as a hedge timmer or a combined hedge trimmer and saw. In particular, the tool comprises a power source (M), a support means (S) for supporting a cutting member (C), means for placing the cutting member in at least two operating positions, relative to the support means and drive means (G1, G2) for drivingly connecting the power source and the cutting member when the cutting member is disposed in a selected operating position whereby cutting can be performed with the cutting member disposed in anyone of the said operating positions. The power source may be an electric motor or an internal combustion engine.
Patent ZA-922131-B (ZA)
Title: Method and device for deburring especially a steel strip cut into slabs
Inventor: VOGRIN ERWIN
IPC: B23K7/06
Filed: 1992-03-24
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/FR92/00260 Sec. 371 Date Nov. 25, 1992 Sec. 102(e) Date Nov. 25, 1992 PCT Filed Mar. 20, 1992 PCT Pub. No. WO92/16331 PCT Pub. Date Oct. 1, 1992.A method for deburring especially a steel strip (1) cut into slabs (1a) with the aid of an oxygen cutting torch (18) whose blast is perpendicular to one (2) of the principal faces of the strip (1). The method consists in directing, onto the principal face (3) of the strip (1) opposite the principal face (2) receiving the blast from the oxygen cutting torch (18) and in the zone for cutting up the strip (1), a blast of fluid which is inert with respect to the blast from the torch (18).
Patent ZA-936173-B (ZA)
Title: Waterborne coating compositions having improved metallic pigment orientation
Inventor: TALJAN DENNIS
IPC: C09D5/02
Filed: 1993-08-23
Abstract: A method of forming a multilayer coating on a substrate utilizes a pigmented aqueous based coating composition. The aqueous based coating composition contains a polymeric film-forming resin and as an additive from about 1 to about 40 percent by weight based on the resin solids of the composition of an oligomeric ester having an acid value of from about 100 to about 500 of the structure:   <IMAGE>   where X is the residue of a polyol containing from 1 to 50 carbon atoms per hydroxyl group after reaction with an acid or an anhydride, R is an organic moiety from the acid or anhydride and A has an average value of about 2 or greater. The coating compositions are particularly advantageous as metallic pigmented coating compositions for automotive basecoat applications because they exhibit excellent resistance to mottling, have good flop and have reduced sensitivity to fluctuations in relative humidity.
Patent ZA-941240-B (ZA)
Title: Mold cooling apparatus for a glassware forming machine
Inventor: KIRKMAN RICHARD T
IPC: C03B9/38
Filed: 1994-02-23
Abstract: A mold cooling apparatus comprising a pair of complementary mold arms (10), each arm supporting mold halves (13) such that when the arms are moved toward one another the molds halves form plural cavities (C). Each mold arm (10) supports a first air chamber (15) to which air under pressure is supplied and a second air chamber (16) communicating with the first chamber and having an opening (28) facing substantially the entire length of each mold half (13). A diffuser plate (18) closes each second chamber (16) and is positioned in close proximity with its respective mold half (13). The diffuser plate (18) has openings (19) for directing air from the second chamber (16) against the mold half (13). Each mold half has axial exhaust openings (20) extending from the space (24) between the mold half (13) and the exterior. The mold cooling apparatus can be applied to individual cavity as well as multi-cavity mold equipment. When a multi-cavity configuration is used, supplemental cooling is utilized through introduction of compressed air from a secondary source to axial and interconnected passages within the mold halves. <IMAGE>
Patent ZA-948597-B (ZA)
Title: Packaging arrangement for contact lenses
Inventor: ABRAHAMS RICHARD W
IPC: B65B25/00
Filed: 1994-11-01
Abstract: A packaging arrangement for the containment of at least one hydrophilic contact lens in a sterile aqueous solution. More specifically, pursuant to the packaging arrangement, a plurality of disposable hydrophilic contact lenses are contained in a specific number of individual packaging arrangements (30) collectively housed in a box-like container or carton (10) so as to provide a specified or essentially measured supply of contact lenses for use by a consumer over a predetermined period of time. <IMAGE>
Patent ZA-951417-B (ZA)
Title: Methods for preparing pulpwood for digestion
Inventor: ADAMS JAMES EDWARD
IPC: D21B1/02
Filed: 1995-02-21
Abstract: Methods for processing wood chips for digestion utilize a chip destructuring apparatus. The method includes an initial disc screen for removing the gross overthick and oversized chips which are discarded or are processed through a rechipper. After the initial disc screen, the entire stream of chips is processed to eliminate tramp metal. The entire chip stream is screened to remove fines. The stream of chips is fed to the chip destructuring apparatus from a surge bin with a star feeder. The star feeder is a metering device and is operated by a controller which monitors the level of chips in the surge bin. The controller uses the star feeder to feed a steady supply of chips to the chip destructuring apparatus which allows the destructuring apparatus to be configured for a maximum feed rate.
Patent ZA-958715-B (ZA)
Title: Safety syringe with externally connectable and internally retractable self-biased needle
Inventor: LU WEN-CHIN
IPC: A61M5/50
Filed: 1995-10-16
Abstract: A safety syringe includes: a hollow needle assembly (2) having a hollow needle portion (21) detachably coupled to a shank portion (22) embedded in a sleeve portion (12) of a syringe (1) and having a needle head portion (23) formed on a rear portion of the shank portion (22), and a plunger (31) slidably held in the syringe (1) and having a biasing socket (32) recessed in the plunger (31) for engaging the needle head portion (23) of the needle assembly (2) for a coupling of the needle assembly (2) with the plunger ( 31) for a retraction into the syringe (1) for obliquely biasing the needle portion (21) for preventing reprotrusion of the needle (2) outwardly, thereby allowing a variety of needles of different sizes to be replaceably mounted on the shank portion (22) outside the syringe (1) for a convenient mounting of the needle (2) on the syringe (1).
Patent ZA-961201-B (ZA)
Title: Composition for use in paint based on a mixture of emulsion (s) and of dispersion (s) of polyuol polymer and coating (s) produced therefrom
Inventor: GUERIN GILLES
IPC: C08G18/62
Filed: 1996-02-15
Abstract: A compsn. comprising (i) at least one opt. masked polyisocyanate (I) in the form of an aq. emulsion with an ave. particle size d50 of 0.0-10 micrometers, pref. less than 2 and greater than 0.2 micrometers and (ii) at least one polyhydroxylated polymer (II), esp. a polyol, in the form of an aq. dispersion with an ave. particle size d50 of 10-200 nm, whereby the (II) is present in an amt. of at least = 35 - 0.75 R, pref. at least 40 - 0.75 R, and esp. at least 45 - 0.75 R wt.% or at most 45 - 2 R, pref. at most 40 - 2 R and esp. at most 35 - 2 R wt.%, where R = d50(I)/d50(II).
Patent ZA-984838-B (ZA)
Title: Bacterial pheromones and uses therefor.
Inventor: MUKAMOLOVA GALINA V
IPC: A61K39/02
Filed: 1998-06-04
Abstract: RP-factors, their cognate receptors, convertases, respective genes and inhibitors or mimetics thereof are described. In particular, antibodies, pharmaceutical compositions and (therapeutic, diagnostic) methods based on the RP-factors and their receptors/convertases are described.