Patent GB-1102962-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to pulse radar systems
IPC: G01S13/70
Filed: 1965-03-15
Abstract: 1,102,962. Pulse radar. HONEYWELL Inc. 15 March, 1965 [19 March, 1964; 23 March, 1964; 11 May, 1964], No. 10883/65. Heading H4D. In a pulse, range tracking radar, of the type wherein an echo pulse in the video output receiver 13 is sampled by a tracking gate pulse, and the resulting sample signal, proportional to target acceleration, is twice integrated'in integrators 44 and 46, to produce a D.C. voltage which is used to determine the time of generation of the tracking gate pulse and so complete the tracking loop, and wherein loss of tracking coincidence causes the system to change from a tracking to a searching mode, the tracking rate capability of the tracking loop is automatically increased when tracking coincidence tends to be lost due to rapid changes in range, such that said changes may be easier followed, and the necessity for changing to a searching mode, obviated. In the altimeter shown, the tracking gate pulses sample the leading edges of the echo pulses in coincident gate 19, and are by produced generator 34, in response to outputs from a comparator 33. Comparator 33 is fed with a sawtooth voltage synchronous with the transmitted pulses and with the D.C. voltage output of the two integrators, and gives an output when these two inputs are equal. The change of the mode from tracking to searching is carried out by circuit 129 which is fed with the sample output of coincident gate 23 wherein a gating pulse from generator 34, samples the peak value of the echo pulse.. Thus when coincidence is lost such that the sample from gate 23 is no longer of the peak value of the echo, the reduced signal at input 127 of switching circuit 128 causes it to produce a step function which is fed, via diode 139, to the input of the second integrator 46, such that the output of the integrator, fed to comparator 33, sweeps to its negative limit. This sweep causes the track gate pulses to sweep through the received signals in a first direction. The output of the integrator is also connected to recycle multivibrator 130 which, when the negative limit of the output is detected, proceeds to produce a step function, which is fed, via diode 152, to integrator 46 to sweep its output to its positive limit and cause the track gate pulses to sweep in the opposite direction. The positive limit is detected by recycle circuit 131 which causes the sweeping cycle to be repeated. In the tracking mode, relay contacts 113 and 121 are closed, such that the output of the integrator 46, representing altitude, is fed via smoother 116 to output 123. When coincidence is lost, relay contacts 113 and 121 open, contact 113 after a small delay to allow for when the loss of coincidence is only momentarily, and contact 121 after a further delay. The tracking rate capability is given by KE 1 /T 2 ,where K is the slope of the sawtooth voltage fed to comparator 33,E 1  is the output of the first integrator and T 2  is the time constant of the second integrator. Thus the tracking rate capability can be increased by increasing K or E 1 , or by decreasing T 2 .In the arrangement of Fig. 1, T 2  is decreased. In the tracking mode, gate 19 feeds a negative current towards the base of transistor 50 which at exact coincidence is cancelled by a positive current from source 55. There is thus no net input to the first integrator and none at its output. When coincidence begins to be lost the negative current decreases or increases, such that there is no longer a net zero input to the first integrator. This input produces a corresponding increase in the output of the first integrator which, when the loss of coincidence is large enough, breaks down Zener diode 79 or 80. Input resistor 84 is thus shorted out such that the time constant T 2  of the second integrator is substantially decreased. In the arrangement of Fig. 2, the output E 1  is increased by increasing the value of resistance 71 in series with feedback capacitor 70. In the arrangement of Fig. 3, the feedback current through capacitor 70 is limited such that with a large current from gate 19, due to lack of coincidence, the feedback current is not allowed to be large enough to counteract this large current, and the output voltage E 1  corresponding rises to saturation value.