baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent WO-2018088660-A1 (WO)
Title: Signalisation numérique et son procédé de commande
Inventor: LEE SEUNGHUN
IPC: G06Q30/02
Filed: 2017-06-15
Abstract: La présente invention concerne une signalisation numérique comprenant une mémoire ; un dispositif d'affichage ; et un dispositif de commande configuré pour afficher un contenu sur le dispositif d'affichage, capturer une pluralité d'images du contenu déplacé, mémoriser la pluralité d'images capturées dans la mémoire, et afficher les images mémorisées sur le dispositif d'affichage en réponse à un signal d'événement d'erreur.
Patent WO-2018012927-A1 (WO)
Title: Affichage multicouche à transparence élevée destiné à la génération de champ lumineux
Inventor: PERDICES-GONZALEZ SERGIO
IPC: G02B27/22
Filed: 2017-07-14
Abstract: La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'affichage qui peut comprendre un premier affichage configuré pour produire une image et une pluralité d'affichages transparents. Chacun de la pluralité d'affichages transparents peut être configuré pour produire une tranche de l'image pour fournir une profondeur et un effet tridimensionnel à l'image, ou au moins un parmi la pluralité d'affichages transparents peut être configuré pour bloquer, diffuser ou disperser la lumière associée à l'image produite par le premier dispositif d'affichage de manière à ce que différents utilisateurs parmi une pluralité d'utilisateurs voient un contenu différent dérivé de l'image produite par le premier dispositif d'affichage. Chacun des affichages transparents peut être sensiblement transparent. En outre, au moins un parmi la pluralité d'affichages transparents peut être fabriqué à l'aide de cristaux liquides smectiques A.
Patent WO-2018021829-A1 (WO)
Title: Dispositif déviateur grande vitesse à roues permettant la livraison de cargaison
Inventor: JUN WON
IPC: F16H7/12
Filed: 2017-07-26
Abstract: L'invention porte sur un dispositif déviateur grande vitesse à roues permettant la livraison d'une cargaison. Le dispositif de dérivation comprend une unité de puissance inférieure (10) comprenant un moteur principal (11), une unité de transmission de puissance centrale (20) pour transférer la puissance de l'unité de puissance inférieure (10), et une unité de transfert supérieure (30) pour transférer la cargaison de livraison (P) par la puissance de l'unité de transmission de puissance centrale (20). Une pluralité de dispositifs déviateurs grande vitesse à roues pour la livraison de cargaison est accouplée de sorte que les rouleaux (31) de l'unité de transfert supérieure (30) maintiennent la tension des courroies de transfert (T).
Patent WO-2018062694-A1 (WO)
Title: 고체 산화물 연료전지의 전해질, 이를 포함하는 고체 산화물 연료전지, 상기 전해질용 조성물 및 상기 전해질의 제조방법
Inventor: KIM JONG WOO
IPC: H01M8/124
Filed: 2017-08-24
Abstract: 본 명세서는 고체 산화물 연료전지의 전해질, 이를 포함하는 고체 산화물 연료전지, 상기 전해질용 조성물 및 상기 전해질의 제조방법에 관한 것이다.
Patent WO-2018043992-A1 (WO)
Title: Appareil d'affichage et procédé de commande d'appareil d'affichage
Inventor: HUR JAE-MYUNG
IPC: H04N21/422
Filed: 2017-08-24
Abstract: L'invention concerne un appareil d'affichage comportant un affichage, un récepteur optique comportant une circuiterie de réception optique, une unité d'entrée/sortie comportant une circuiterie d'entrée/sortie configurée pour être reliée à un dispositif de commande caché via un câble, et un processeur configuré pour commander l'affichage, le récepteur optique et l'unité d'entrée/sortie, le processeur étant configuré pour analyser des premières informations de commande destinées à un appareil externe caché, reçues en provenance du dispositif de télécommande via le récepteur optique et pour envoyer au dispositif de commande caché, via l'unité d'entrée/sortie, des deuxièmes informations de commande correspondant à la commande de l'appareil externe.
Patent WO-2018052208-A1 (WO)
Title: 가로수의 급수구조
Inventor: LEE OKNO
IPC: A01G25/06
Filed: 2017-09-01
Abstract: 본 발명은 가로수의 급수구조에 관한 것이며, 상세하게는 보도의 경계석 인접위치에 심어진 가로수의 급수구조에 관한 것으로서 작은 비용으로 모든 가로수에 충분한 급수를 할 수 있도록 한 것이다.
Patent WO-2018062719-A1 (WO)
Inventor: SHATUNOV PAVEL
IPC: H01M10/0525
Filed: 2017-09-11
Abstract: 본 출원은 비수성 유기 용매; 리튬염; 및 디플로오로포스페이트(-PF2)기를 포함하고 특정 화학식으로 표시되는 화합물을 포함하는 첨가제;를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지용 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지에 관한 것이다.
Patent WO-2019050079-A1 (WO)
Title: Water treatment apparatus for simultaneously generating hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorite ion
Inventor: KIM DAE WON
IPC: C02F1/461
Filed: 2017-09-25
Abstract: The present invention relates to a water treatment apparatus enabling simultaneous generation of hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorite ion. A water treatment apparatus according to the present invention can comprise: an electrolysis apparatus comprising an electrolyte aqueous solution, a positive electrode and a negative electrode and for simultaneously generating hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorite ion; and a reactor tank which is connected to the electrolysis apparatus and in which a treated water and the hydrogen peroxide and the hypochlorite ion generated by means of the electrolysis apparatus can react.
Patent WO-2018139734-A1 (WO)
Title: 배터리 팩 관리 방법 및 시스템
Inventor: CHANG WON GEUN
IPC: B60L11/18
Filed: 2017-10-26
Abstract: 다양한 실시예들에 따른 배터리 팩 관리 방법이 제공된다. 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 제1 통신선로를 따라 연쇄적으로 연결된 하나 이상의 배터리 팩과 제어장치를 포함하는 배터리 관리 시스템의 배터리 팩 관리 방법은, 상기 제어장치가 상기 하나 이상의 배터리 팩을 식별번호 설정이 가능한 제1 상태로 변경하는 초기화 단계; 제2 배터리 팩이 제1 신호 및 제2 신호 중 적어도 하나에 기초하여 제2 배터리 팩의 식별번호를 결정하는 식별번호 결정 단계; 및 제2 배터리 팩이 상기 제1 신호 및 상기 제2 신호 중 어느 하나에 기초하여 제3 신호를 생성하여 상기 제1 통신선로를 따라 출력하는 제3 신호 출력 단계;를 포함할 수 있다.
Patent WO-2019098428-A1 (WO)
Title: 사용자 별 확장 가능 관리 테이블을 이용한 erp 펑션 제공 방법 및 이를 수행하는 erp 펑션 제공 시스템
Inventor: LEE SANG CHEOL
IPC: G06Q10/10
Filed: 2017-11-20
Abstract: 특정 사용자가 소정의 ERP 펑션에 신규 데이터 필드를 추가하더라도 타 사용자에게 영향을 미치지 않도록 하는 시스템 및 방법이 개시된다. 본 발명의 일 측면에 따르면, 사용자 별 확장 가능 관리 테이블을 이용한 ERP 펑션 제공 방법으로서, (a) ERP 펑션 제공 시스템이, 공통 관리 테이블 및 복수의 사용자 각각에 상응하는 확장 가능 관리 테이블을 포함하는 DB를 제공하는 단계-여기서, 상기 공통 관리 테이블은, 복수의 ERP 펑션 각각에서 취급하는 공통 데이터 필드에 관한 디스크립션 정보를 저장함-, (b) 상기 ERP 펑션 제공 시스템이, 복수의 사용자 중 어느 하나인 제1 대상 사용자의 단말에 의해 소정의 제1 대상 ERP 펑션에 신규로 추가되는 신규 데이터 필드에 관한 디스크립션 정보를 상기 제1 대상 사용자에 상응하는 확장 가능 관리 테이블에 저장하는 단계 및 (c) 상기 공통 관리 테이블 및 상기 제1 대상 사용자에 상응하는 확장 가능 관리 테이블에 기초하여, 상기 제1 ERP 펑션을 상기 제1 대상 사용자의 단말에 제공하는 단계를 포함하는 ERP 펑션 제공 방법이 제공된다.
Patent WO-2018143558-A1 (WO)
Inventor: KWAK MINSUNG
IPC: H04N21/235
Filed: 2017-12-13
Abstract: La présente invention concerne un procédé d'émission d'un signal de diffusion. Le procédé d'émission d'un signal de diffusion selon la présente invention porte sur un système apte à prendre en charge un service de diffusion de prochaine génération dans un environnement prenant en charge la diffusion hybride de prochaine génération, au moyen d'un réseau de diffusion terrestre et d'un réseau Internet. L'invention concerne également un procédé de signalisation efficace pouvant englober à la fois un réseau de diffusion terrestre et un réseau Internet, dans un environnement qui prend en charge une diffusion hybride de nouvelle génération.
Patent WO-2018135832-A1 (WO)
Title: Procédé de communication de l'internet des objets et dispositif électronique associé
Inventor: NAM CHANGWON
IPC: H04W36/14
Filed: 2018-01-16
Abstract: La présente invention concerne un procédé donné à titre d'exemple pour un dispositif électronique qui consiste à déterminer, tout en ayant accès à un premier réseau prenant en charge une première technologie d'accès radio (RAT pour Radio Access Technology), le changement d'une technologie RAT de desserte à une seconde technologie RAT, à identifier un intervalle de temps dans lequel le dispositif électronique maintient un état actif pour communiquer avec le premier réseau, à balayer la seconde technologie RAT pendant une période déterminée sur la base d'une synchronisation de début ou d'une synchronisation de fin de l'intervalle de temps, et à avoir accès à un second réseau prenant en charge la seconde technologie RAT sur la base d'un résultat du balayage.
Patent WO-2019142961-A1 (WO)
Title: Boom coupling device for unmanned flying object and unmanned flying object using same
Inventor: CHI EUN HO
IPC: B64C27/08
Filed: 2018-01-24
Abstract: Provided is a boom coupling device for an unmanned flying object, the device connecting a blade portion for providing the unmanned flying object with flight power to a body thereof. The boom coupling device comprises: an outer connector to be electrically connected to the body; an intermediate connector detachably connected to the outer connector and supplying electric power to the blade portion; a boom housing to be mounted on the body; a boom bracket receiving the intermediate connector and coupled to the boom housing by insertion of first and second fixing shafts positioned at different points; and a boom rod extending from the boom bracket to be connected to the blade portion, wherein when the insertion of the first fixing shaft is released, the boom bracket can rotate with reference to the second fixing shaft, and when the insertion of the second fixing shaft is additionally released, the boom bracket can be separated from the boom housing.
Patent WO-2018151577-A1 (WO)
Title: 하체 운동기구
Inventor: KIM JUE YEON
IPC: A63B23/04
Filed: 2018-02-20
Abstract: 사용자가 운동시 편안하면서도 정확한 자세의 유지를 가능하게 하고 운동부하를 편리하게 조절할 수 있게 하면서 운동효과를 향상시킬 수 있는 하체 운동기구가 개시되어 있다. 본 발명에 따른 하체 운동기구의 의자시트는 안정감을 주기 위해 사용자의 둔부 곡선을 고려하고 운동수행 중 체중을 골고루 분산시킬 수 있도록 인체공학적으로 설계되며, 부드러운 곡면으로 일체로서 이어지는 제 1 세그멘트, 제 2 세그멘트 및 제 3 세그멘트를 포함한다. 사용자가 의자시트에 앉을 때 제 3 세그멘트(213)에는 사용자의 허벅지 안쪽부위가 접촉된다. 제 3 세그멘트의 상측 경계에서부터 의자시트의 전방 테두리 사이에는 평평한 상부 덮개부분이 형성되며, 상부 덮개부분과 제 3 세그멘트 아래에는 운동 어셈블리(300)를 수용하기 위한 리세스가 형성되고, 운동 어셈블리(300)는 의자시트의 전방 테두리중 중앙부분을 일부 절개하여 형성된 리세스 입구를 통해서 리세스 내에 삽입하여 배치된다.
Patent WO-2018169306-A1 (WO)
Inventor: PARK KYUNG HEE
IPC: A61K9/08
Filed: 2018-03-14
Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous liquid formulation containing choline alfoscerate. Under long-term storage conditions and harsh storage conditions, the aqueous liquid formulation containing choline alfoscerate, according to the present invention, hardly produces decomposed products of choline alfoscerate and the properties of the formulation are stable. In addition, the formulation has excellent dosing convenience, thereby enabling dosing compliance of elderly dysphagia patients requiring choline alfoscerate administration to improve.
Patent WO-2019164049-A1 (WO)
Title: Display device and operating method thereof
Inventor: HEO SEUNGHYUN
IPC: H04N21/422
Filed: 2018-03-29
Abstract: Provided are a display device for more accurately providing a function intended by a user upon reception of the voice command and an operating method thereof. The display device comprises a wireless communication unit configured to communicate with at least one external server, a storage unit, a voice recognition unit configured to receive a voice command, a control unit configured to acquire a function corresponding to the voice command, a determination module configured to determine a provider providing the function corresponding to the voice command and an output unit configured to receive data related to the function from the at least one external server or the storage unit according to the determined provider and output the function corresponding to the voice command based on the received data.
Patent WO-2019017563-A1 (WO)
Title: Receptacle connector
Inventor: CHOI JUNG HOON
IPC: H01R13/52
Filed: 2018-04-03
Abstract: The present invention relates to a receptacle connector comprising: a plurality of contacts electrically connecting a plug connector and a board; an insulating portion to which the contacts are connected; a shell to which the insulating portion is connected; a cover to which the shell is connected; and a blocking portion connected to the cover, wherein the shell includes an integrally formed shell body, and an insertion groove formed to penetrate the shell body such that the plug connector is inserted thereinto, the insulating portion is provided in the shell body such that the rear surface thereof protrudes from the insertion groove, the blocking portion includes a first blocking member connected to the cover so as to cover the lower surface of the insulting portion protruding from the insertion groove, and the first blocking member includes a grounded blocking body mounted on the board, and a coupling member connecting the blocking body to the shell body.
Patent WO-2019013444-A1 (WO)
Title: Transreceiving method and apparatus applying beam diversity in wireless communication system
Inventor: KIM JUNGJU
IPC: H04B7/0408
Filed: 2018-05-21
Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a communication technique converging a 5G communication system with IoT technology to support a higher data transmission rate in a beyond-4G system. The present disclosure, based on 5G communication technology and IoT-related technology, can be applied to intelligent services (for example, smart homes, smart buildings, smart cities, smart cars or connected cars, health care, digital education, retail industry, and security and safety-related services). Disclosed in the present invention is a transreceiving method and an apparatus to which beam diversity is applied.
Patent WO-2018226001-A1 (WO)
Title: Particules d'argent et leur procédé de production
Inventor: KIM SANGWOO
IPC: B22F9/24
Filed: 2018-06-04
Abstract: La présente invention concerne des particules d'argent aptes à présenter une répartition de particules uniforme, à empêcher l'agglomération d'une poudre et à améliorer considérablement la dispersibilité, les particules d'argent possédant chacune des pores en leur sein; et un procédé de production s'y rapportant et, plus précisément, un procédé de production de particules d'argent, le procédé comprenant une étape de formation de complexe d'argent, une étape de préparation de suspension d'argent et une étape d'obtention de particules d'argent; et des particules d'argent produites selon ledit procédé.
Patent WO-2019066397-A1 (WO)
Title: Mask pack and method for manufacturing same
Inventor: CHOI YANG GYU
IPC: A61K8/02
Filed: 2018-09-21
Abstract: The present invention relates to a mask pack. A mask pack of the present invention is convenient and hygienic because a content thereof does not stain a hand when used, and is excellent in terms of skin adhesion and feeling of use. In addition, the mask pack is impregnated with a highly viscous formulation such as cream and thus can be used as a high-moisture and high-nutrition pack.
Patent WO-2019132205-A1 (WO)
Inventor: LEE DONG-EUN
IPC: C25D1/04
Filed: 2018-10-19
Abstract: Le but de la présente invention est de fournir un appareil d'électroformage capable de fabriquer des produits qui ont des composants d'alliage uniformes. Un mode de réalisation concerne un appareil d'électroformage comprenant : une cathode rotative, formée sous la forme d'un tambour, pour le dépôt électrolytique d'une feuille métallique; une anode disposée le long de la forme de la surface circonférentielle de la cathode rotative; et un dispositif d'alimentation en électrolyte pour fournir un électrolyte à un passage entre la cathode rotative et l'anode, le dispositif d'alimentation en électrolyte fournissant l'électrolyte le long de la direction de rotation de la cathode rotative.
Patent WO-2019117568-A1 (WO)
Title: 잣나무 잎 추출물을 유효성분으로 포함하는 피로 회복용 조성물
Inventor: LEE MI YOUNG
IPC: A23L33/105
Filed: 2018-12-10
Abstract: 본 발명은 잣나무 잎 추출물을 유효성분으로 포함하는 피로 회복용 조성물에 관한 것으로, 본 발명의 유효성분인 잣나무 잎 추출물은 강제수영에 의한 피로 및 스트레스가 유도된 동물모델에 투여하였을 때, 과도한 운동(강제수영)에 의해 증가된 젖산(lactate), BUN, NH 3  및 LDH의 혈청 내 함량을 감소시킬 뿐만 아니라, 과도한 운동으로 인해 상승한 스트레스 지표인 코르티졸의 함량을 낮추는 효과가 있는 것이다. 따라서 본 발명의 잣나무 잎 추출물은 피로 회복용 건강기능식품 조성물로 매우 유용하게 활용할 수 있다.
Patent WO-2019139263-A1 (WO)
Title: Race system and method for unmanned aerial vehicle
Inventor: PARK MINKYUNG
IPC: A63K3/00
Filed: 2018-12-13
Abstract: The present invention relates to a race system and method for an unmanned aerial vehicle. The race system for an unmanned aerial vehicle of the present invention comprises: at least one unmanned aerial vehicle which transmits data regarding photographed images to a server; a track including a plurality of obstacles which detect time information, speed information, direction information, and altitude information of the unmanned aerial vehicle passing threrethrough so as to transmit data regarding the detected information to the server, and a plurality of guide bars positioned between the plurality of obstacles so as to indicate the traveling direction of the unmanned aerial vehicle; the server which processes the data received from the unmanned aerial vehicle and determines a score of the unmanned aerial vehicle participating in a race in accordance with a set algorithm on the basis of the data received from the plurality of obstacles; and an electronic display board that receives the processed data and data on the determined score and displays two-dimensional images or three-dimensional images photographed by the unmanned aerial vehicle and score information and ranking information of the unmanned aerial vehicle.
Patent WO-2019143055-A1 (WO)
Title: Composition, comprising extract of fermented beans obtained from fermentation by aspergillus fumigatus strain, for skin care improvement
Inventor: KIM MIN JI
IPC: A23L33/125
Filed: 2019-01-07
Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for skin care improvement. A composition for skin care improvement according to an embodiment shows excellent effects in skin moisturization, skin barrier enhancement, and skin regeneration, and causes no irritation to skin, by comprising: an extract of fermented beans obtained from fermentation by an Aspergillus fumigatus strain; a gum; and glyceryl glucoside, and thus the composition can be safely used.
Patent WO-2019177384-A1 (WO)
Title: Humidifier including plasma generator
Inventor: KIM CHUL HO
IPC: F24F6/12
Filed: 2019-03-14
Abstract: A humidifier including a plasma generator, according to a technical idea of the present invention, comprises: a water tank in which water is stored; a plasma generator having an electrode for generating air plasma; a liquid plasma generator to which the water stored in the water tank is supplied and through which the air plasma generated through the plasma generator flows, such that liquid plasma is generated through an exchange reaction between water and the air plasma; and a housing having a power supply unit for applying a voltage to the electrode, and a vibrator receiving the liquid plasma generated through the liquid plasma generator in order to emit same as vapor.
Patent WO-2019221526-A1 (WO)
Title: Electronic device and method comprising antenna
Inventor: SON DONGIL
IPC: H04B1/40
Filed: 2019-05-16
Abstract: Disclosed is an electronic device comprising a housing, a display, an antenna structure and at least one wireless communication circuit. The at least one wireless communication circuit is configured so as to transmit and/or receive a signal having a frequency between 3 GHz and 100 GHz, and may be configured so as to transmit and/or receive, in a first operation, a first signal having a first frequency by using not all but at least one conductive plate among a plurality of first conductive plates and a plurality of second conductive plates, and transmit and/or receive, in a second operation, a second signal having a second frequency differing from the first frequency by using not all but at least one conductive plate among the plurality of second conductive plates and the plurality of first conductive plates. In addition, various embodiments are possible as identified in the specification.
Patent WO-2020009466-A1 (WO)
Title: Scroll compressor
Inventor: UEKAWA TAKASHI
IPC: F04C18/02
Filed: 2019-07-03
Abstract: A scroll compressor includes a fixed scroll fixed inside a housing, an orbiting scroll configured to orbit engaged with the fixed scroll, a rotary shaft configured to allow the orbiting scroll to orbit by supporting the orbiting scroll with an eccentric shaft eccentric from a main shaft, and a slide bush portion installed between a bearing of the orbiting scroll and the eccentric shaft and according to a rotational speed of the rotary shaft, configured to change a pressing force of the orbiting scroll applied to the fixed scroll by allowing an eccentricity to be changed by a gas load applied to the orbiting scroll.
Patent WO-2020032602-A1 (WO)
Inventor: CHOI JAE YOUNG
IPC: A61L9/20
Filed: 2019-08-08
Abstract: Un dispositif de stérilisation comprend un tuyau ayant une entrée et une sortie et permettant à un fluide de se déplacer à travers celui-ci et une unité de source de lumière disposée sur un côté du tuyau et fournissant de la lumière au fluide, au moins une partie du tuyau étant dotée d'une forme en spirale et l'entrée et/ou la sortie étant agencées dans une zone d'émission de lumière.
Patent WO-2021020644-A1 (WO)
Inventor: KIM DONG HYUN
IPC: G01N15/02
Filed: 2019-09-25
Abstract: The present invention relates to an atmospheric particulate matter monitoring system and a collection device using a vehicle. The atmospheric particulate matter monitoring system using a vehicle, according to an embodiment of the present invention, may comprise: a collection device which is mounted on the vehicle, into which air is introduced as the vehicle moves, and measures a concentration of particulate matter contained in the introduced air; a mobile terminal communicating with the collection device to receive the concentration of the particulate matter measured by the collection device; and a server for analyzing a concentration of particulate matter by using the concentration of the particulate matter measured by the collection device. According to the present invention, the atmospheric particulate matter monitoring system can be installed in a vehicle to measure particulate matter as the vehicle moves, and thus can measure particulate matter even in an area in which a particulate matter device is not installed, thereby measuring particulate matter in a large area at a low cost.
Patent WO-2020076115-A1 (WO)
Title: 체성분 측정을 위한 체성분 측정 모듈을 포함하는 마사지 장치 및 이의 제어 방법
Inventor: KIM DO HYUN
IPC: A61H15/00
Filed: 2019-10-11
Abstract: 체성분 측정을 위한 체성분 측정 모듈을 포함하는 마사지 장치 및 이의 제어 방법이 개시된다. 본 개시의 일 실시예에 따르면, 사용자의 신체의 적어도 일부에 역학적 자극을 제공하는 마사지 모듈; 다리 마사지부에 구비되어 사용자의 체성분을 측정하는 제 1 체성분 측정 모듈; 및 상기 마사지 모듈 및 상기 제 1 체성분 측정 모듈의 동작을 제어하는 제어부; 를 포함하는, 마사지 장치가 개시된다.
Patent WO-2020116799-A1 (WO)
Inventor: LEE HAN-YOUNG
IPC: H01M50/574
Filed: 2019-11-07
Abstract: Provided are a battery module with improved safety by being capable of blocking current during a temperature increase, a battery pack comprising the battery module, and a vehicle comprising the battery pack. The battery module according to the present invention is characterized in that the battery module comprises two or more battery cells, wherein the battery cells are pouch-type secondary batteries having a structure in which an electrode assembly having one end of an electrode lead of opposite polarity connected to both ends thereof is accommodated and sealed with an electrolyte in a pouch case, wherein the other end of the electrode lead is exposed to the outside of the pouch case. The electrode lead and a bus bar are connected to electrically connect a first battery cell and a second battery cell among the battery cells. The bus bar is made of a metal layer and a material layer, wherein the material layer can operate with resistance when the temperature rises but is normally conductive. The material layer includes a gas-generating material that decomposes at a certain temperature or higher to increase resistance by generating gas.