baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent TW-202208766-A (TW)
Title: Built-in transmission device and transmission system of a human-powered vehicle capable of transmitting the rotation of an output body to an input body
Inventor: YAMAMOTO TAKASHI
IPC: B62M11/16
Filed: 2021-08-18
Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a built-in transmission device and a transmission system for a human-powered vehicle, which can transmit the rotation of an output body to an input body. To achieve the object, the built-in transmission device for a human-powered vehicle comprises: a transmission mechanism for outputting the rotation transmitted from the input part to the output part, and a first switch mechanism capable of switching the transmission path of the rotation force between the input part and the output part. The first switching mechanism includes an engagement part that rotates integrally with a carrier and, when the input part rotates the output part, the engagement part is not engaged with at least one of the input part or the output part in the first transmission path, and the input part is engaged with the carrier. In this way, the rotation of the input part is transmitted from the carrier to the output part via the transmission mechanism. When the output part rotates the input part, the engagement part is engaged with both the input part and the output part in the second transmission path, and the connection between the input part and the carrier is released, whereby the rotation of the output part is transmitted to the input part through the engagement part.
Patent TW-202309418-A (TW)
Title: Shock absorber and its step adjustment module capable of avoiding step adjustment errors when the step adjusting member moves along the first direction
Inventor: LIAO CHIH-HSIEN
IPC: F16F9/44
Filed: 2021-08-23
Abstract: A shock absorber and its step adjustment module are disclosed, wherein the step adjustment module includes an adjustment seat and an axial rod. The adjustment seat includes a seat body, a positioning member, a step adjusting member, a resilient member and a limiting member. The seat body has a mounting hole. The positioning member is disposed in the mounting hole and has a through hole. The step adjusting member is movably inserted into the through hole along a first direction and is rotatably screwed to the mounting hole along the first direction, and has two position-limiting ends. The limiting member is disposed between the limiting ends and passes through the through hole eccentrically. By blocking the limiting member at the position-limiting ends, the distance when the step adjusting member moves along the first direction is limited to the distance between the position-limiting ends, so as to prevent the step adjusting member from continuing to rotate and push the axial rod, thereby avoiding step adjustment errors.
Patent TW-202312183-A (TW)
Inventor: Yu jia-xin
IPC: G06T7/246
Filed: 2021-08-31
Abstract: An evaluating method of microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma and an evaluating system thereof are provided. The evaluating method of microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma includes steps as follows. A computed tomography image of a subject is provided, a region of interest labeling step is performed, an edge cutting step is performed, a predicting step is performed, and a determining and classifying step is performed. The computed tomography image includes a tumor area. The region of interest labeling step is to label a region of interest on the computed tomography image. The edge cutting step is to cut off the edge of the region of interest so as to obtain a cut region of interest. Each of a side length of the cut region of interest is 0.5 times to 1 times of each of a side length of the region of interest. Therefore, the goal of rapidly predicting and precisely determining of microvascular invasion according to computed tomography images from different sources can be achieved.
Patent TW-202310949-A (TW)
Inventor: HUANG CHIEN-TEH
IPC: E04G15/06
Filed: 2021-09-03
Abstract: 一種華夫筒製造方法，包括以下步驟：對鋼板進行滾圓成型步驟，使鋼板形成捲圓件；對捲圓件之第一側與第二側進行焊接步驟，使捲圓件形成筒狀體；分別對筒狀體之第一端部與第二端部進行滾壓成型步驟，使筒狀體之第一端部具有第一滾壓結構，使該筒狀體之第二端部具有第二滾壓結構，以形成一華夫筒。此外，一種成型裝置亦被提出。
Patent TW-202212059-A (TW)
Title: Polishing liquid supply device
Inventor: HORITA HIDEJI
IPC: B24B37/005
Filed: 2021-09-13
Abstract: Provided is a polishing liquid supply device capable of selectively supplying a plurality of different polishing liquids to a vessel for storing the polishing liquid used in a polishing apparatus. The polishing liquid supply device includes a plurality of ejection nozzles provided according to the plurality of different polishing liquids, a sensor that detects a position corresponding to one of the plurality of ejection nozzles at which a supplied port of the vessel is disposed, a storage device that stores information concerning the polishing liquid selected from the plurality of polishing liquids, and a processing device that performs a control to eject the polishing liquid from the ejection nozzle corresponding to the polishing liquid indicated by the information stored in the storage device.
Patent TW-202233403-A (TW)
Title: Optical member, manufacturing method for same, and light distribution element
Inventor: MATSUO NAOYUKI
IPC: B32B7/023
Filed: 2021-09-28
Abstract: An optical member (100) functioning as an optical coupling layer has a first layer (10) having a porous structure and a second layer (20) in contact with a first main surface of the first layer, wherein the second layer (20) contains a resin composition and has a transmittance of 5% to 85% to the first light in the wavelength range of 800 nm to 2000 nm. The first layer (10) includes a first region (12) having a porous structure and a second region (14) in which the resin composition is filled in pores of the porous structure.
Patent TW-202214756-A (TW)
Title: Etpe laser marking
Inventor: THIELBEER FRANK
IPC: C08J9/18
Filed: 2021-09-30
Abstract: The present invention relates to laser-markable foamed pellets comprising a composition (M1) comprising a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE-1) and a color component as component (c1) selected from the group consisting of laser marking additives as well as a process for producing said laser-markable foamed pellets. The present invention further relates to the Use of the laser-markable foamed pellets according to the present invention for preparing a laser-markable molded body and a process for preparing a laser-markable molded body from the laser-markable foamed pellets
Patent TW-202316847-A (TW)
Title: Camera for zooming and displaying 360-degree panoramic images
Inventor: HUANG NAI-WEI
IPC: H04N5/225
Filed: 2021-09-30
Abstract: A camera for zooming and displaying 360-degree panoramic images includes a 360-degree panoramic image zoom camera body, an image processing module, a first wide angle lens module, a second wide angle lens module, a dynamic zoom structure, and a lens protection film module. The 360-degree panoramic image zoom camera body is formed by a central ring body, a left shell body and a right shell body. The dynamic zoom structure is installed in the 360-degree panoramic image zoom camera body and has at least one lens module and at least one drive module. The drive module is connected to the lens module and drive module for driving the lens modules to move to a predetermined focus position. The lens protection film module and dynamic zoom structure are provided for taking the picture and capturing a partial image, and the dynamic zoom structure is provided for adjusting the deep focus.
Patent TW-202316248-A (TW)
Inventor: XU LIANG-ZHEN
IPC: G06F3/041
Filed: 2021-10-12
Abstract: 一種觸控面板包含薄膜基材、第一導體層以及第二導體層。薄膜基材上定義顯示區以及周邊區，並具有相對的第一表面以及第二表面，以及厚度。第一導體層設置於第一表面，並包含複數個第一走線設置於周邊區。第二導體層設置於第二表面，並包含複數個第二走線設置於該周邊區。薄膜基材在第一走線中之一者與第二走線之間的交錯區具有至少一溝槽。溝槽於第一表面與第二表面中之一者上，並具有一深度。深度介於約2.5 µm與約厚度的二分之一之間。
Patent TW-202233668-A (TW)
Title: 用於治療眼部疾病之雙特異性抗-VEGF及抗-TrkB結合分子
Inventor: BENZ PETER MICHAEL
IPC: C07K16/28
Filed: 2021-10-20
Abstract: 本發明係關於特異性結合血管內皮生長因子(Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor；VEGF)及肌旋蛋白受體激酶B(Tropomyosin receptor kinase B；TrkB)之結合分子及其在醫藥中之用途；包含其之醫藥組合物；及使用其作為藥劑用於治療及/或預防眼部疾病之方法。
Patent TW-202320574-A (TW)
Inventor: LEE KUN-HUNG
IPC: H04W72/04
Filed: 2021-11-10
Abstract: 本案係一在非授權頻譜之控制環境中動態切換傳輸模式以降低延遲的方法及系統，系統包含用戶設備執行所述方法，當基地台成功接收用戶設備傳送的新資料時，用戶設備將會於啟動CG計時器並增加CG計數器的計數值後，計算CG權重值，並根據CG權重值確認用戶設備與基地台間的通訊品質。當CG權重值大於CG門檻值時，代表通訊品質良好，用戶設備將切換至第一配置授權(CG)傳輸模式，以將低傳輸資料的延遲。藉此有效地提升在非授權頻譜之控制環境(UCE)中的頻譜使用效率。
Patent TW-202321942-A (TW)
Inventor: KUO CHUN-YEN
IPC: G06F16/23
Filed: 2021-11-24
Abstract: A method of updating data cluster performed by a processor includes: receiving update data and calculating a first distance between the update data and an existing representative of an existing cluster, determining whether the first distance is smaller than a threshold distance, updating the existing cluster with the updating data to generate an updated cluster when the first distance is smaller than the threshold distance, and performing a representative updating procedure on the updated cluster to generate an updated representative.
Patent TW-202238274-A (TW)
Title: Silicon-containing resist underlayer film forming composition
Inventor: SHIBAYAMA WATARU
IPC: C08G77/14
Filed: 2021-11-26
Abstract: To provide a silicon-containing resist underlayer film forming composition for forming a resist underlayer film which is able to be removed not only by a conventional dry etching method but also by a wet etching method that uses a chemical agent, and which has excellent lithography characteristics, while enabling the achievement of a high etching rate during wet etching. A silicon-containing resist underlayer film forming composition which contains (A) a polysiloxane, (B) nitric acid, (C) a bisphenol compound and (D) a solvent.
Patent TW-202226158-A (TW)
Inventor: VAREKAMP CHRISTIAAN
IPC: H04N13/128
Filed: 2021-12-09
Abstract: 處理一深度圖包含針對該深度圖之至少一第一圖元，執行下列步驟：判定包括該深度圖之其他深度值之一組候選深度值(105)，回應于一成本函數而判定(107)該等候選深度值中之各者之一成本值；回應於該組候選深度值之該等成本值而選擇(109)一第一深度值；及回應於該第一深度值而判定(111)該第一圖元之一更新深度值。該組候選深度值包含沿一第一方向的一第一候選深度值，該第一候選深度值較沿該第一方向之至少一個圖元更遠離該第一圖元，該至少一個圖元不包括在該組候選深度值中，或具有較該第一候選深度值更高之一成本函數。
Patent TW-202322702-A (TW)
Title: Plant-based egg containing no cholesterol and beneficial for carrying, storage and convenient for cooking
Inventor: Luo da-wei
IPC: A23J1/12
Filed: 2021-12-10
Abstract: The present invention relates to a plant-based egg, which is a dry plant-based egg powder in a sealed package. During use, an egg liquid may be formed by uniformly stirring water and the plant-based egg powder in a fixed ratio to be heated and cooked for making egg dishes, such as scrambled egg and fried egg. The present invention may emulate the real egg for approaching the taste and texture of real egg, and may contain no cholesterol and is beneficial for carrying, storage, and convenient for cooking, in which the ingredients of the plant-based egg powder at least contains 50.00% of rice egg, 5.00% of gellan gum, 1.50% of sodium alginate, 0.50% of calcium lactate, 0.10% of lutein, 3.00% of yeast powder, 5.00% of xanthan gum, 31.90% of corn flour, and 3.00% of salt.
Patent TW-202231205-A (TW)
Title: Sheet for face masks
Inventor: MOTEGI TOMOYUKI
IPC: B32B7/02
Filed: 2021-12-15
Abstract: A sheet for face masks having a WC value which expresses the work until maximum pressure in the thickness direction of 0.3Pa.m or higher, and also having a collection efficiency of particles which have a particle diameter greater than 1[mu]m of 85% or higher.
Patent TW-202325951-A (TW)
Title: Sound insulation sheet, manufacturing method, and use method thereof
Inventor: WU HUA-JUN
IPC: E04B1/86
Filed: 2021-12-16
Abstract: A sound insulation sheet, a manufacturing method, and a use method thereof are provided. The manufacturing method of the sound insulation sheet includes a semi-finished product providing step, a sound insulation material setting step, and a baking step. In the semi-finished product providing step, a semi-finished product is provided, the semi-finished product includes a fabric layer and a rubber layer disposed on the fabric layer, and the rubber layer includes ethylene vinyl acetate co-polymer. In the sound insulation material setting step, a sound insulation rubber paste is provided, and the sound insulation rubber paste is arranged and rolled on the rubber layer to form a sound insulation layer correspondingly. In the baking step, the sound insulation layer, the rubber layer, and the fabric layer are heated and baked at a baking temperature between 130°C and 170°C, so that the rubber layer is softened and adhered to the sound insulation layer, and then correspondingly form the sound insulation sheet.
Patent TW-202326404-A (TW)
Inventor: CHOU FENG-YI
IPC: G06F7/06
Filed: 2021-12-23
Abstract: 本發明提供一種資料偵測電路以及處理裝置。資料偵測電路包括分類電路以及識別電路。分類電路接收資料組。分類電路基於多個預設類別來對資料組的多個資料進行分類，並暫存符合所述多個預設類別的多個第一資料。識別電路對所述多個第一資料進行識別。當所述多個第一資料等於多個中斷命令中的對應中斷命令的多個預設中斷資料時，識別電路提供對應中斷命令至處理器。
Patent TW-202241449-A (TW)
Title: Pharmaceutical composition for topical administration containing epinastine or salt thereof
Inventor: OGURA NAOKI
IPC: A61K47/10
Filed: 2021-12-23
Abstract: The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for topical administration, which contains epinastine or a salt thereof as an active ingredient at a concentration of 0.05 to 1% (w/w) and which enables long-term retention of the active ingredient concentration in eye tissue even when the dose is a low concentration.
Patent TW-202331529-A (TW)
Title: Storage device with switching sector function
Inventor: DING BAI-HENG
IPC: G06F12/10
Filed: 2022-01-20
Abstract: The present invention provides a storage device with switching sector function, which includes a storage unit, a controller unit, a switching unit and a microcontroller unit. The storage unit includes a plurality of sectors disposed and independent to each other. The controller is connected to the storage unit. The switching unit includes a plurality of switching positions. The plurality of switching positions are corresponding to the plurality of sectors of the storage unit, respectively. The microcontroller unit is connected to the controller unit and the switching unit. When the user operates the switching unit to select one of the plurality of sectors to be served as a selected sector, a trigger signal is transmitted to the controller unit by the microcontroller unit, so that the selected sector is enabled by the microcontroller unit and the rest of the plurality of sectors are disabled.
Patent TW-202238186-A (TW)
Title: Polarizing plate and manufacturing method thereof wherein the polarizing plate includes a polarizer and a protective layer
Inventor: MORIMOTO TSUYOSHI
IPC: G02B5/30
Filed: 2022-02-11
Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a polarizing plate having a fusion cut portion and a yellow band remarkably suppressing edges adjacent to the fusion cut portion. The invention relates to a polarizing plate 100, according to an embodiment of the present invention. The polarizing plate 100 includes a polarizer 10 and a protective layer disposed on at least one side of the polarizer 10. The polarizing plate includes a fusion cut portion. A main transmittance K2 at a wavelength of 530 nm is 15% or less in a region within 20 microns from the fusion cut portion.
Patent TW-202323839-A (TW)
Inventor: SU CHIEN-HWA
IPC: G01R31/26
Filed: 2022-02-24
Abstract: 本申請提供一種待測元件(device under test，DUT)的多重測試裝置及其測試方法。該多重測試裝置包括至少一個非暫時性電腦可讀媒介，其上儲存一電腦可執行指令，以及與該至少一個非暫時性電腦可讀媒介耦合的至少一個處理器。該電腦可執行指令可由該至少一個處理器執行，並使該多重測試裝置執行以下操作：在一測試多重測試裝置中輸入複數個測試圖樣，在該DUT上不間斷地執行該複數個測試圖樣(test pattern)中的每一個，以及因應於該複數個測試圖樣中的每一個，得到該DUT的一相應結果。
Patent TW-202246390-A (TW)
Title: Positive photosensitive resin composition, positive photosensitive dry film, method for producing positive photosensitive dry film, patterning process, method for forming cured film, interlayer insulation film, surface protective film, and electronic component
Inventor: IIO MASASHI
IPC: C08G69/44
Filed: 2022-03-21
Abstract: The present invention is a positive photosensitive resin composition including: (A) an alkali-soluble resin containing at least one structure selected from a polyimide structure, a polyamide structure, a polybenzoxazole structure, a polyamide-imide structure, and a precursor structure thereof; (B) a polymer compound having a structural unit formed by cyclopolymerization; and (C) a compound having a quinonediazide structure for serving as a photosensitizer to generate an acid by light and increase a dissolution speed to an alkaline aqueous solution. An object of the present invention is to provide a positive photosensitive resin composition and a positive photosensitive dry film that are soluble in an alkaline aqueous solution, that can achieve high resolution without damaging excellent features such as the mechanical characteristics of a protective film, adhesiveness, etc., and that have excellent mechanical characteristics and adhesiveness to a substrate even when cured at low temperatures.
Patent TW-202302424-A (TW)
Inventor: OHNUMA Daiki
IPC: C03B40/00
Filed: 2022-03-21
Abstract: 本發明係關於一種於JIS P8136：1994所規定之磨耗試驗中往返滑動次數為4次時不發生紙剝落之玻璃板用間隔紙、以及於JIS P8136：1994所規定之磨耗試驗中發生紙剝落之往返滑動次數為7次以上之玻璃板用間隔紙。根據本發明，可提供一種能夠良好地抑制紙粉產生之玻璃板用間隔紙。
Patent TW-202247121-A (TW)
Inventor: CHAJI GHOLAMREZA
IPC: G09G3/36
Filed: 2022-03-31
Abstract: 本發明揭示一種光電系統，其可包含連接至光電裝置之像素電路之一陣列。可存在不同類型之光電裝置（例如，紅色、綠色及藍色）。此等裝置可為感測器或發光裝置，或其他類型之裝置。此等裝置可以不同方式經最佳化，且為了程式化該等像素電路，使用用於行之資料線及用於列之位址線的一組態。
Patent TW-202309089-A (TW)
Inventor: LIGHTWOOD DANIEL JOHN
IPC: A61K39/395
Filed: 2022-05-03
Abstract: 本發明係關於與TREM1結合且抑制其與其天然配位體中之一或多者之相互作用的抗體。提供此類抗體之特定實例。亦提供該等抗體之治療性用途及產生此類抗體之方法。
Patent TW-202313617-A (TW)
Title: Salts of a pi3kdelta inhibitor, crystalline forms, methods of preparation, and uses therefore
Inventor: LI JING
IPC: C07D487/04
Filed: 2022-05-26
Abstract: The present invention relates to salts of a PI3Kdelta inhibitor (referred to as "Compound A" hereinafter), preferably fumarate, and the crystalline forms thereof. The present invention also relates to the process of preparation and uses of the salts and crystalline forms of Compound A.
Patent TW-202301661-A (TW)
Title: Light absorption structure and light sensing device having the same
Inventor: JOE IN-SUNG
IPC: H01L31/0224
Filed: 2022-05-26
Abstract: A light sensing device includes a semiconductor layer including a distributed Bragg reflector including a first surface of the semiconductor layer, and a photoelectric conversion unit including a second surface of the semiconductor layer, and the distributed Bragg reflector has a plurality of holes each having, in a cross-sectional view, a width gradually changing from a first width to a second width according to a width change period; a first electrode in one region of the semiconductor layer; and a second electrode on the second surface of the semiconductor layer and having a reflective metal.
Patent TW-202249064-A (TW)
Inventor: Wang yi-heng
IPC: G08B9/00
Filed: 2022-05-26
Abstract: 一種半導體製程設備的告警方法，包括：在告警事件發生時，獲取對應的告警對象的告警描述語句中預設狀態數據的通道全路徑；根據通道全路徑，獲取預設狀態數據的名稱和值；採用獲取的預設狀態數據的名稱和值替換通道全路徑，更新告警描述語句；根據更新後的告警描述語句生成告警信息。
Patent TW-202312751-A (TW)
Inventor: TSOU YAO-TUNG
IPC: H04W4/021
Filed: 2022-06-01
Abstract: The present invention provides a method and module for monitoring tracks, the method comprises the following steps. Maintaining a target list, storing a target track, by a monitoring server; recording a first track related to a first mobile device by a first monitoring application; comparing the similarity between the first track and the target track by the first monitoring application to generate a comparison result.
Patent TW-202300219-A (TW)
Inventor: EWY DAVID
IPC: B01J19/32
Filed: 2022-06-15
Abstract: 提供一種質量傳遞柱，其中殼體係由具有外骨架之一或多個側壁所形成。外骨架包括藉由交叉欄杆接合在一起的複數個垂直桁架。內表層係由垂直桁架及欄杆支撐，且與殼體的頂部及底部一起界定開放內部區域，該開放內部區域可經加壓且在其中可發生質量傳遞程序。可採用桁架之形式的水平延伸之樑係跨越開放內部區域，且由外骨架所支撐。諸如結構化填充物之內部結構可經支撐於水平延伸之樑上。
Patent TW-202310186-A (TW)
Inventor: CHANG JEN-YUAN
IPC: H01L21/768
Filed: 2022-06-30
Abstract: 一種三維裝置結構，包括晶粒，該晶粒包括半導體基板、設置在半導體基板上的互連結構、延伸穿過半導體基板且電接觸互連結構的金屬特徵的矽穿孔結構及嵌入半導體基板中且電性連接至矽穿孔結構的積體被動元件。
Patent TW-202328925-A (TW)
Inventor: GU YIN-CHUAN
IPC: G06F12/1009
Filed: 2022-07-14
Abstract: Provided are an address decoding circuit, a memory, and a control method. The address decoding circuit includes a decoding unit corresponding to a bank group and including first NAND gates, an address selection signal outputted by each first NAND gate controls a corresponding bank in the bank group corresponding to the decoding unit. The first NAND gate includes a first input end connected to an address signal of a bank corresponding to the first NAND gate and a second input end connected to an output end of a second NAND gate or a third NAND gate, the second NAND gate includes a first input end connected to an enable signal and a second input end connected to a control signal, and the third NAND gate includes a first input end connected to the enable signal and a second input end connected to an inverted signal of the control signal.
Patent TW-202324908-A (TW)
Title: Apparatus and methods for biasing of low noise amplifiers
Inventor: BALTEANU FLORINEL G
IPC: H03F1/02
Filed: 2022-07-18
Abstract: Apparatus and methods for biasing of low noise amplifiers (LNAs) are provided herein. In certain embodiments, an LNA includes at least one transistor that amplifies a radio frequency (RF) input signal, and a bias circuit including a current bias circuit that generates a bias current based on a reference current and a voltage bias circuit that generates at least one input bias voltage for the at least one transistor based on the bias current. The current bias circuit includes a first bias transistor that receives the reference current, a second bias transistor that generates the bias current, and an amplifier that controls a first bias voltage of the first bias transistor to match a second bias voltage of the second bias transistor.
Patent TW-202333479-A (TW)
Title: 用於安全資料傳輸的方法及使用所述方法的系統
Inventor: CHAN YUAN-CHEN
IPC: H04L9/00
Filed: 2022-07-20
Abstract: 本發明提供一種用於安全資料傳輸的方法及使用相同方法的系統。方法包含：將可程式化邏輯裝置耦接至伺服器；藉由伺服器接收第一資料封包；藉由伺服器將第一資料封包輸入至機器學習模型中以預測第一資料封包的協定類型及命令類型；藉由伺服器驗證協定類型及命令類型是否正確；藉由伺服器回應於協定類型及命令類型正確而將第一資料封包添加至資料封包資訊集；藉由伺服器根據資料封包資訊集產生過濾規則且在可程式化邏輯裝置中部署過濾規則；以及藉由可程式化邏輯裝置根據過濾規則執行安全資料傳輸。
Patent TW-202320291-A (TW)
Title: Method for producing semiconductor device, and semiconductor device
Inventor: SHIBATA TOMOAKI
IPC: H01L25/18
Filed: 2022-07-27
Abstract: This method for producing a semiconductor device comprises: a step for preparing a first semiconductor chip having a first chip body, and a first insulating film and a first electrode that are provided to one surface of the first chip body; a step for preparing a second semiconductor chip having a second chip body, and a second insulating film and a second electrode that are provided to one surface of the second chip body; a step for pasting together the first insulating film of the first semiconductor chip and the second insulating film of the second semiconductor chip; a step for joining together the first electrode of the first semiconductor chip and the second electrode of the second semiconductor chip; a step for sealing in, with a sealing resin, the second semiconductor chip installed on top of the first semiconductor chip; a step for forming a via hole in a sealing body formed of the sealing resin; and a step for filling the via hole with an electro conductive material so as to be electrically connected to the first electrode and/or the second electrode.