Patent GB-1069874-A (GB)
Title: Variable ratio transmission
Inventor: GEORGE FORBES
IPC: F16H61/664
Filed: 1963-05-03
Abstract: 1,069,874. Variable-ratio gears. NATIONAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION. May 1, 1964 [May 3, 1963], No. 17547/63. Heading F2D. A variable-ratio friction gear of the toric disc and roller type has rollers 1-3 rotatably mounted upon arms 8-10 of a stationary spider, each roller being shifted bodily in a tangential direction to initiate ratio shift by an hydraulic actuator disposed within the roller mounting. As shown in Fig. 1 the roller 1 is carried by a roller bearing having an inner race 14 anchored to pieces 15, 16 fast with pistons 17, 18 projecting into cylinders 19, 20 formed in spider arm 8. The pistons are guided on a gudgeon pin 21 fast with the arm 8, liquid being supplied through passages 22, 23 to the cylinders to adjust the roller axially of the gudgeon pin to initiate ratio shift tilting movement of the rollers about the axis of the gudgeon pin. A servo control system (see below) is provided to terminate the shift movement when the desired ratio is obtained. Restricted passages 27, 28 are provided through the gudgeon pin to the spaces at the ends of the pin to damp the tangential shift motions of the roller. The complete transmission has two sets of rollers mounted on spiders joined by a sleeve 11 (see Fig. 3) and co-operating with a central driving, or driven, disc 32 and driven, or driving, discs 30, 31 which are connected, by way of a torque responsive loading device 40 to an output, or input, shaft 38. The passages 22, 23 in one arm of the right-hand spider extend to the sleeve 11 and communicate, through passages in the sleeve and in the arms of the other spider with the actuator chambers of the left-hand set of rollers. The arms of the right-hand spider are fast with a ring 6 secured to the stationary casing. In a modification (see Fig. 4) the hydraulic actuators are formed by spring rings 49 sealing against ridges 51, 52 formed on the cheek pieces 15, 16 and the spider arm. Servo control systems.-Two servo controls are described. The control of Fig. 7 comprises an input driven pump 59 supplying the actuators through a valve having an outer rotary member 70 which is geared to one of the rollers so that it is adjusted as the roller tilts, and an inner rotary member 69 which is adjusted manually to set the valve to a desired ratio. For one direction of rotation of the input shaft, the pump 59 supplied liquid to a passage 67 in the inner valve member 69, from which it leaks past a land 73 to grooves 71, 72 leading to the actuator chambers. The grooves 71, 72 also communicate past a land 74 with a return passage 68. Adjustment of the valve member 69 causes liquid to be supplied to one of the grooves 71 or 72 and exhausted from the other groove so that liquid is supplied to one set of actuator cylinders and exhausted from the other set to shift the rollers tangentially so that they are caused to tilt to change the ratio, thus adjusting the outer valve member 70 until the lands 73, 74 co-operate with the passages 67, 68 to give the required pressure differential in the grooves 71, 72 for the rollers to remain in position. If the direction of the rotation of the input shaft is reversed, pump 59 supplies liquid to the passage 68 and exhausts it from the passage 67 so that ratio shift again occurs in the required direction. Stop rings 45-48 (see Fig. 3) are provided on the sleeve 11 to prevent the rollers' running right off the toric discs on starting and stopping. Fig. 8 shoes a servo control having a valve member 80 which is shiftable axially by input speed-responsive pressure in a chamber 102 and is rotatable by a gear 92 simultaneously with ratio shift tilting of one of the rollers. High pressure is supplied through a passage 86 in the valve member 80 to a groove 83 between lands 81, 82 of the valve member whence it can leak past the surface of the lands to end chambers 94, 95 whence it can pass through depressions 100, 103 in valve member to drain ports 101, 109. Passages 98, 99 leading to the actuator cylinders enter the valve chamber at grooves 96, 97 so that if the valve spool 80 moves to the left groove 96 comes nearer to the high-pressure side of the leakage path past land 81 to increase the pressure in passage 98, and the groove 97 comes nearer the low-pressure side of the leakage path past land 82 so that the transmission ratio is lowered. Conversely a movement of spool 80 to the right increases the transmission ratio. Spool 80 is urged to the left by the high-pressure fluid in bore 86, effective over the cross-sectional area of this bore and this force is balanced by the control pressure in chamber 102 when the system is in equilibrium. Variations in the control pressure due to variations of input speed shift the spool axially to change the ratio until the input speed returns to its initial value. If the rollers approach their extreme low-ratio attitudes the spool 80 is rotated through gear 92 until depression 100 moves out of communication with drain port 101 so that pressure in chamber 94 builds up to shift the spool to the right so that the ratio tends to increase. Similarly in the extreme high-ratio position depression 103 moves out of communication with passage 109 so that the spool moves to the left. The depression 103 communicates with the drain port 109 by way of a passage 104 in a manually rotatable member 105 which can be adjusted to set the maximum permissible ratio.