baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1417089-A (GB)
Title: Method and apparatus for melting
IPC: C22B9/22
Filed: 1973-06-19
Abstract: 1417089 Arc heating LEYBOLD-HERAEUS-VERWALTUNG GmbH 19 June 1973 [29 June 1972] 29119/73 Heading H5H [Also in Divisions C7 and H1] Metallic material 4 is placed in a cooled arcuate trough 6 and melted by the action of an energy source, e.g. electric arc or plasma rays. The trough 6 is oscillated about its centre of curvature 9, the limits of oscillation being 6a and 6b, and the molten metal is drawn together by surface tension. The material may be alloyed or refined, e.g. degassed, by this method, which may be carried out in a vacuum or a protective gas.
Patent GB-832493-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the production of acrylic compounds
IPC: C07C51/14
Filed: 1957-09-17
Abstract: Acrylic compounds are produced by the reaction of acetylene, carbon monoxide and an alcohol or water in an acid medium and in the presence of nickel carbonyl, at normal pressure or pressures up to 10 atmospheres and 75-200 DEG  C., in a single stage reaction (i.e. without the preliminary "stoichiometric" reaction). The gas mixture may contain about 10-80% of carbon monoxide and 20-90% of acetylene. Suitable alcohols include saturated aliphatic monohydric alcohols containing 2-18 carbon atoms, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, n-butanol, amyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, n-dodecyl alcohol, n-octadecyl alcohol, sec.-butanol, isopropanol, isobutanol and tert.-butanol; alicyclic alcohols, such as cyclohexanol and methylcyclohexanol; unsaturated aliphatic alcohols, such as allyl, methally, crotyl and propargyl alcohols; polyhydric alcohols, such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, n-butane diol-(1,4), glycerol, pentaerythritol and mannitol, one or more hydroxy groups reacting; alcohols substituted with, e.g., halogen, ether groups, nitro groups, and keto groups.  Preferred acids for use in the medium are hydrogen chloride, acetic or acrylic acids, but others may be used, such as propionic, benzoic, oxalic, succinic, hydrogen bromide, hydrogen iodide, or phosphoric acid.  Advantageously a mixture of two acids is used.  The amount of acid used should be about 40-150%, preferably 60-100%, of the weight equivalent to the nickel carbonyl.  When producing acrylic esters it is preferable to add alcohol containing nickel carbonyl to a mixture of alcohol, preformed acrylic ester of the alcohol, nickel carbonyl and acid, leading in a mixture of carbon monoxide, acetylene and hydrogen chloride.  Inert solvents may be added to the reaction mixture, such as methyl ethyl ketone, dioxane, glycol dimethyl ether, toluene, tetrachlorethane and tetrahydrofuran, especially when producing acrylic acid or acrylamide.  It is preferable to cool the waste gas to condense out nickel carbonyl. Examples describe the preparation of (1) and (2) butyl acrylate, (3) ethyl acrylate, (4) cyclohexyl acrylate, (5) 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, (6) acrylic acid (some nickel acrylate being obtained), (7) butanediol-(1,4) mono-acrylic acid ester, (8) n-dodecyl acrylate and (9) n-octadecyl acrylate.  Specification 832,492 is referred to.
Patent GB-445932-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to material handling equipment
IPC: B65G65/28
Filed: 1934-10-12
Abstract: 445,932. Delivering coal &c. to and loading from dumps. HEAD, WRIGHTSON, & CO., Ltd., RINGQUIST, J. M., and WRIGHTSON, SIR T. G., Teesdale Iron Works, Thornaby-on-Tees. Oct. 12, 1934, No. 29315. [Class 78 (iv)] In the delivery of material to a dump from a gantry, guiding and directing means are used which project well clear of the gantry so as to pile the material in the form of a truncated cone or of a truncated cone with two apices, in such a position that the apices are readily accessible by grabs which can take material therefrom without toppling over in the process. The Figure shows one construction in which each side of the gantry 1 carries a downwardly-directed driven endless belt 9 adapted to receive material delivered through the bottom doors of the truck 6 and the hopper 13 and to deliver it to the dump 15 so as to form humps 17, 18 sufficiently level to enable a grab to pick up a load when lowered from a travelling crane running along the top of the gantry. The belts 9 are mounted in a framework traversable along carrying rails 2 and thrust-taking rails 16 and having a guide member 21 and hinged door 14 for controlling the movement of the material. In a modified construction the endless belts are replaced by driven or loose rollers which are rotated by the passage of the material in the latter case.
Patent GB-677271-A (GB)
Title: An improved composite sheet material
IPC: E04C2/34
Filed: 1949-11-16
Abstract: 677,271. Composite metal sheets. ESSEX AERO, Ltd., and CROSS, R. J. Aug. 31, 1950 [Nov. 16, 1949], No. 29325/49. Class 20 (ii) A composite sheet comprises two parallel metal sheets A, B, Fig. 3 joined by individually fabricated spacers of frustoconical or other tapering form, alternate spacers being inverted. The spacers are welded, riveted or glued to the sheets. The spacers shown in Fig. 3 are frusto-conical with base flanges C<SP>2</SP> and crowns C<SP>1</SP>. The density of the spacers at highly stressed parts is such that the flanges C<SP>2</SP> overlap. There may be an access hole in the crown which coincides with a hole in the adjacent sheet the rims of the holes being swaged over together. The base flange and crown may be curved to join curved sheets. The spacers may be without rims and crowns and may be used to join curved sheets to which they are connected by solder or this modified spacer may be oval and have the base and top curved to fit the curved sheets. The base flange may turn inward. In another modified spacer the crown is thickened and the walls taper towards the flange. In Fig. 21 the spacer has an internal introverted cone C<SP>71</SP>. The spacer may be crimped or have the crown reinforced by a cap or lining. Frusto tetra-and novahedron spacers are shown.
Patent GB-1004045-A (GB)
Title: A fastener suitable for attaching board insulation and the like to walls and ceilings
IPC: E04B9/20
Filed: 1963-07-24
Abstract: 1,004,045. Stud and socket fastenings. BENJAMIN FOSTER CO. July 24, 1963 [Oct. 17, 1962], No. 29352/63. Heading E2B. [Also in Division F2] A nail 14 (see Division F2) which may be used with a washer 44, Fig. 3, has a shank 38 hinged to a head 12 so that, after unpacking for use, the shank may be swung and secured perpendicularly to the head. For attaching insulation boards, the head 12 is secured to a wall or ceiling by screws or by adhesive, keying in holes 16, and the board is impaled on the shank 38. If the nail 14 is moulded from nylon, polyethylene or propylene, a washer 44 may be formed at the point, to be broken off before use and then forced on to a serration on the shank near the point when the board is impaled.
Patent GB-243378-A (GB)
IPC: H01J13/16
Filed: 1925-11-20
Abstract: 243,378. Dõllenbach, W. Nov. 20, 1924, [Convention date]. Metallic-vapour apparatus.- An electrode for vacuum apparatus is provided with one or more passages B through which gases having a favourable effect on the working of the device can be introduced into the vacuum container. Acetylene may thus be admitted into a mercury vapour rectifier, where it decomposes and deposits on the anode a deposit of fine carbon which promotes cooling by radiation. A valve V, which may comprise a porous porcelain stopper and a mercury seal, is interposed between the anode and a gas reservoir G.
Patent GB-730729-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in packing devices
IPC: B65D81/07
Filed: 1952-11-20
Abstract: 730,729. Boxes. STURGESS, W. Nov. 20, 1953 [Nov. 20, 1952], No. 29374/52. Class 18. An internal fitting for a box for fragile articles comprises a collapsible frame, removable from the box, the frame carrying resilient members for supporting the contents. The members may be rubber &c. slings 6, as shown, or the slings may consist of or include coil springs. A series of loops such as 5 may be provided on each leg 1 of the frame to enable slings to be differently positioned for different contents. Rubber &c. buffers 11 may be provided.
Patent GB-1045616-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the production of combustible gases
Inventor: DENT FREDERICK JAMES
IPC: B01J19/00
Filed: 1964-07-20
Abstract: In a method of treating hot combustible gases containing hydrocarbons and optionally carbon oxides, the gases contact solid surfaces only of copper or copper-rich alloy.  Undesired reactions which could occur as the gas cools, e.g. hydrogenation of ethane to methane, and especially carbon formation, are prevented or slowed down.  If the gas contains carbon oxides, nickel alloys of copper should be avoided, and for strength, the surfaces may be of steel, coated, e.g. electrolytically, with copper or copper-rich alloy.  Eight specific examples are described in which various hydrocarbon-containing gases are passed at varying temperatures in the range 750 DEG  to 500 DEG C. over copper and copper-rich alloy test pieces and the carbon deposition compared with that on other materials. The gases were analysed at the different temperatures to demonstrate that little or no change in gas composition occurred with falling temperature where the only solid surfaces contacted were of copper or copper-rich alloy.  In the first four examples, a CH4-rich gas was catalytically reformed, see Figs. 1 and 2 (not shown), to provide the tested gas, and in Example 8 light distillate was reacted with hydrogen and steam to provide the gas.
Patent GB-294226-A (GB)
Abstract: 294,226. Kßrpßti, J., and H³bsch, M. G. July 21, 1927, [Convention date]. Acetic acid.-In the production of acetic acid from acetylene by absorption in a solution of a mercury salt and oxidation with oxygen in presence of a catalyst, the acetylene and oxygencontaining gas and absorption liquor are circulated through systems which include the reaction vessel. In a reaction chamber 1 is placed 98 per cent acetic acid containing mercuric sulphate and 1 per cent of cellulose which has been activated by heating in a current of nitrogen. After evacuating the apparatus, the liquid is circulated through a pipe 5, container 6, pipe 8 and spray 9 by a pump 7, heat being applied when necessary by a jacket 16. Acetylene is passed by a pump 14 and pipe 15 through the chamber 1, reflux condenser 18 and wash-chamber 3, in which it is washed with water, and is then returned to the chamber 1. When absorption of acetylene slackens, the circulation of this gas is stopped and an oxygen-containing gas is passed by a pump 27 and pipe 24 through the chamber 1 and thence through the reflux condenser 16 and washchamber 26 and thence back to the chamber 1. The wash-liquor in the chamber 26 is made alkaline, and absorbs carbon dioxide and any entrained acetic acid and aldehyde. Acetylene and oxygen are supplied alternately. A portion of the reaction liquor is. withdrawn from the chamber 1 periodically or continuously, water being added through a vessel 2. Mercury sludge is collected in a sump 22 and is replaced as required . Acetaldehyde entrained by the acetylene is absorbed in the chamber 3, and when the wash-water is saturated a portion is withdrawn and replaced by fresh water from a vessel 4. Acetaldehyde mav be salted out from the solution withdrawn. Instead of the cellulose, other vegetable substances such as sawdust and shavings can be used, and may be heated in a stream of nitrogen at 200‹ C. until carbonization begins on the surface. Completely carbonized substances are of much less activity. Colloidal substances in acetic acid solution, such as collodion and cellulose acetate, and colloidal lead peroxide, vanadium pentoxide and the like which are stable in acetic acid in presence of mercury salts may also be used. The reaction is promoted by adding 0.1-0.2 per cent of sulphuric acid to the acetic acid. In a modification the oxygen may be supplied through the path employed for the acetylene. Specification 287,135 is referred to.
Patent GB-385569-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to portable internal-combustion actuated tamping machines or rammers
IPC: E02D7/12
Filed: 1932-10-21
Abstract: 385,569. Two-stroke engines ; valve gear. JOHNSON, J. N., Wharfedene, Skipton Road, Ilkley, Yorkshire. Oct. 21, 1932, No. 29442. [Classes 7 (ii), 7 (iv), and 7 (vi).] In an internal-combustion actuated portable tamping machine or rammer the ignition circuit is completed by a flexible plate 33, which holds the combined inlet and exhaust valve 19 closed during the explosion. The plate is deflected by a square-toothed ratchet wheel 27, which to start working is turned by the pawl 29 as it is pulled down by the hand-actuated rod 30. When once started the wheel 27 may be stepped round by a second ratchet wheel driven by a pawl 37 which is rocked from the reciprocating foot 5 through a rod 39 and nuts 40 ; if desired this automatic drive may be dispensed with or turned aside, each working of the plate 33 being then effected by hand. The rod 30 carries a trigger 32 and is guided in one of the handles 31 by which the rammer is moved. When the plate 33 has been carried up and the actuating tooth trips past, the valve is freed and a spring opens it as the pressure within the cylinder falls. The piston 2 is connected to the impact tool 5, the rod 3 being surrounded by two springs 6, 7. With the parts in the position shown in Fig. 1, the spring 7 is in compression and acts to separate the cylinder and piston and draw in a charge (i) of gas or vapour from the reservoir 8 and (ii) of air through the controllable openings 13, the mixture flowing past the flap valves 17 and the valve 19. At the end of this movement the plate is flexed, ignition occurs and the cylinder is driven up until an exhaust port 42 opens. During this period the spring 6 is compressed ; on release of pressure within the cylinder the valve 19 opens to allow products to flow out past flap valves 22 ; the downward movement of the cylinder towards the piston completes the scavenges of the products.
Patent GB-600993-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to chlorination processes
IPC: C11C3/00
Filed: 1945-11-06
Abstract: Powdery chlorinated materials are obtained by chlorinating a fatty acid or an ester thereof containing at least twelve carbon atoms in the fatty acid chain, or a petroleum hydrocarbon containing at least fifteen carbon atoms in the chain dispersed or dissolved in acetic acid, mono-, di- or tri-chloracetic acid, or propionic acid, the solution or dispersion being exposed to the action of actinic light, the introduction of chlorine being continued until the molecule of the ester, acid, or hydrocarbon contains at least 40 per cent by weight of chlorine, and thereafter treating the resultant solution with water to precipitate the chlorinated material.  Starting materials may be naturally-occurring or synthetic, and those specified are linseed, soya bean, and castor oils, stearic, oleic, linoleic acids, linseed, soya, castor and coconut oil fatty acids, mineral oils, petroleum jelly, and paraffin waxes.  A small amount of acetic anhydride may be present.  The materials may be prewarmed, and the temperature towards the end of chlorination is preferably 75-115 DEG  C.  Some acetic acid enters into reaction when unsaturated materials are used.  Precipitation with water is p  preferably carried out below 70 DEG  C., and precipitated ester and hydrocarbon chlorination products may be washed with alkalies. Examples describe the chlorination in acetic acid of linseed oil, oleic acid, paraffin wax and mineral oil, and also the chlorination of paraffin wax in mono-, di- and tri-chloracetic acids and propionic acid.
Patent GB-871760-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in electrical regulator control systems
Inventor: HAGLOF NILS JOHAN EDVARD
IPC: B65H23/198
Filed: 1958-09-17
Abstract: 871,760. Automatic tension control systems. FULLER ELECTRIC Ltd. Aug. 6, 1959 [Sept. 17, 1958], No. 29732/58. Class 38 (4). [Also in Group XXXVII] The tension in a paper web 1 being unwound from a reel 2 is controlled by a D.C. motor 3 supplied from a generator 4. A loop in the web 1 passes over a jockey-pulley 6 carried on a lever 7, rotatable about a pivot 10, positioned by the tension in the web acting against the compression of a spring 14. The lever 7 carries a slider 8 of a potentiometer 9 and a voltage, representative of variation in web tension from a predetermined value, is derived between the slider 8 and a slider 20 of a reference potentiometer 19 and is fed to a control winding of a transductor 15. The rectified output of the transductor energizes a field winding 16 of the generator 4 to vary the torque of the motor 3 so as to maintain the tension in the web 1 constant. A second control winding of the transductor is energized with a signal dependent on the rate-ofchange of position of the lever 7 from a tachogenerator 13 coupled to the lever by a rack-andpinion 11, 12. A feed-back voltage across a resistor 25 is derived from the generator voltage via a low-pass filter comprising resistors 22, 23 and a capacitor 24. A signal to compensate for change in inertia of the reel as the web is unwound may be fed to a control winding of the transductor via an impulse transformer connected across the generator armature, as disclosed in Specification 871,759.
Patent GB-1215666-A (GB)
Title: Embossing rollers of plastics material
IPC: B05C1/08
Filed: 1969-06-12
Abstract: 1,215,666. Embossing rollers. KLEINEWEFERS GRAVUREN G.m.b.H. 12 June, 1969 [28 Aug., 1968], No. 29757/69. Heading B6C. An embossing roller having a polyester resin or epoxy resin surface which may be part of the solid body of the roller or a sleeve mounted on a cylindrical tube. The surface has a compressive strength of more than 1000 kg./cm.<SP>2</SP> and a modulus of elasticity of more than 80,000 kg./cm.<SP>2</SP>.
Patent GB-1149554-A (GB)
Title: Shaft construction
IPC: F16D1/02
Filed: 1966-07-04
Abstract: 1,149,554. Shaft couplings. GLOBEUNION Inc. 4 July, 1966 [20 Sept., 1965], No. 29859/66. Heading F2U. A shaft 12 is coupled to a shaft 11 by a serrated or polygonal section extension 12a engaging in a complementarily shaped bore 11b of the shaft 11. The shafts are retained axially by a U-shaped spring clip 18 housed in a peripheral groove in the shaft 11 which breaks into the bore 11b at opposite sides thereof so that the limbs of the clip engage a groove 12b of the shaft extension 12a. A bushing 14, within which the shaft 11 is rotatably mounted, retains the clip 18 in position.
Patent GB-483835-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in valves
IPC: F16K31/122
Filed: 1936-11-03
Abstract: 483,835. Valves. PERRETT, 1. G., and AUTOMATIC CONTROLS, Ltd. Nov. 3, 1936, No. 29901. [Class 135] A valve b<1> which is actuated by the admission of pressure fluid to a piston g in a cylinder h is formed with a balancing piston b which has a slight clearance in its guide cylinder e to allow fluid pressure to build up behind it when the valve is in the closed position. The actuating rod d of the piston g when moved to open the valve b<1>, by admission of pressure fluid to the cylinder h, first opens a pilot valve f to relieve the pressure behind the piston band then lifts the main valve by means of the shoulder d<1>. To close the valve the pressure on the piston g is relieved and the rod d is actuated by a spring j to first close the pilot valve f and then to move the main valve into the closed position, which operation is governed by the rate at which the fluid leaks into the cylinder e. In order to provide for a partial opening of the valve b<1> an auxiliary piston k and cylinder l is provided and mounted coaxially with, and at the outer end of, the main cylinder h and having a rod o projecting through the end of the cylinder h to contact with the actuating rod d of the piston g. Admission of pressure fluid to the cylinder l effects the opening of the valve b<1> as before but only to a limited extent due to the limited stroke of the piston k. This valve is particularly intended for use on washing machines and for operation by pressure fluid under control of relay valves which are actuated by a cam device in a predetermined sequence.
Patent GB-1472423-A (GB)
Title: Gas analysis apparatus
IPC: G01N27/407
Filed: 1974-07-05
Abstract: 1472423 Gas analysis apparatus PHILIPS ELECTRONIC & ASSOCIATED INDUSTRIES Ltd 5 July 1974 [9 July 1973] 29940/74 Heading G1N Gas analysis apparatus for measuring the concentration of a gaseous component in a first space 1 comprises a measuring space 4 separated from the first space by a connecting means 5 which offers a high resistance to diffusion of gas, the measuring device having a solid electrolyte portion 6 with electrodes 9, 10 so that the gas component to be measured can be pumped from the measuring space, and a control unit which supplies the pumping current. The connecting means is characterized by a filling time tv which is the time for the measuring chamber to attain, from empty, the concentration of gas to be measured in the first space. The control unit determines the time and/or current to pump all the gas to be measured from the measuring space and may compensate for temperature. As shown, the solid electrolyte has three pairs of associated electrodes 7, 8; 9, 10 and 11, 12. Current is supplied from source 15 between electrodes 9, 10 until threshold device 18, which is connected to measure the difference in pressure of the gas being determined on the two sides of the solid electrolyte registers that the difference exceeds a predetermined value i.e. the measuring chamber is substantially empty of the gas. The current supply is then stopped. The charge supplied, which is proportional to gas concentration may be measured by (a) discharging a capacitor and measuring the voltage before and after, (b) measuring the time for which a current is passed or (c) counting constant area current pulses. Temperature measurement based on the solid electrolyte resistance may be used to compensate the currents. Alternatively the voltage of the measuring cell may be made variable so that it is proportional to absolute temperature. A single electrode on each side of the solid electrolyte may be used. The end point may also be determined by differentiating the sensor voltage on lines 19, 20 with respect to time. The connecting means may be a porous wall, at least one capillary, a semipermeable membrane of silicone rubber, polytetrafluoroethylene, palladium, for H2, or silver, for 02, or a solid electrolyte with electrodes on each side connected together.  Measurement may be automatically controlled in a cycle which alternates measurement steps with filling steps of length tv. The cell may be used for measuring oxygen in vehicle exhausts.
Patent GB-140745-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in induction motors
IPC: H02K17/16
Filed: 1919-12-02
Abstract: 140,745. C÷lner Elektromotorenfabrik J. Bruncken. Sept. 25, 1918, [Convention date]. Addition to 136,156. Alternating-current motors.-Relates to induction motors of the kind described in Specification 9534/00 in which a two-part armature is acted upon inductively by a two-part stator and carrier a squirrel-cage winding, the bars of which extend across both parts of the armature and are joined in the middle by a high-resistance connexion. The present invention consists in constructing the middle connector in the form of binding wires w, which are in conductive connexion with the armature bars l and are of such cross-section that their ohmic resistance is approximately equal to the internal resistance of the armature.