Patent GB-1068360-A (GB)
Title: Improvement in pulse-compression methods for radar
IPC: H03K5/06
Filed: 1961-07-21
Abstract: 1,068,360. Pulse radar. COMPAGNIE GENERALE DE TELEGRAPHIE SANS FIL. July 21, 1961 [July 28, 1960], No. 26624/61. Heading H4D. A method for compressing a frequency modulated pulse comprises splitting the pulse into at least two partial pulses, imparting a delay to the instantaneous frequencies of each of the partial pulses partly by causing at least one of the partial pulses to pass through a delay device imparting the same delay to all its instantaneous frequencies and partly by dispersive filtering of each of the partial pulses, and adding up the resulting pulses. The method may be used in a radar system using long pulses and is an alternative to the use in the receiver of a wide band dispersive filter to compress the pulses and increase range accuracy. In the radar system shown in Fig. 1, a linearly frequency modulated pulse and synchronizing signals are recorded on a magnetic drum 80; the synchronizing signals are read from the drum and passed to the synchronizing unit 90, whilst the pulse is passed to gates 71-73 which are opened in sequence by synchronizing pulses so that the first third of the pulse passes to amplifier 51, the second third to amplifier 52, and the last third to amplifier 53. From amplifiers 51-53 the pulses pass to mixers 41-13 fed from an oscillator 540, to I.F. amplifiers 21-23, to mixers 11-13 fed from an oscillator 510, and to transmission frequency amplifiers 1-3. Amplifiers 1-3 are unblocked sequentially by synchronizing pulses and their outputs are fed sequentially through a ferrite switch 10 and duplexer 520 to the aerial. Received signals pass through amplifier 100 to mixers 111-113 which split the pulses into three successive portions. These portions pass through I.F. amplifiers 121-123 respectively, and the first and second portions are delayed by two-thirds and one-third of a pulse length respectively in units 131 and 132 so that the portions passing through mixers 141-143 and L.F. amplifiers 151-153 are synchronous. The low frequency portion passes from amplifier 151 to a dispersive filter 171 and an addition unit 180. The other two portions are reduced in frequency to cover the same frequency band as the first portion by mixers 162, 163; passed through dispersive filters 172, 173; and restored to their original frequency bands by mixers 262, 263 before passing to unit 180. It is explained that if the filters 171-173 have suitable characteristics the effect of the delay units 131, 132 and the filters is the same as if the whole original pulse were fed through a wide band dispersive filter. The output of unit 180 is fed to a detector 190 and display means (not shown) which may be provided with a synchronizing pulse from unit 90 which takes account of the delays introduced by the filters and the delay units. If the target has a radial velocity the change in frequency caused by the Doppler effect will introduce an additional delay in the receiver and so cause an error in the measured range. An equal and opposite error may be caused by reversing the modulation of the pulse at the transmitter by using subtractive mixing at the I.F. mixers and effecting the opposite translation in the respective reception channels. By transmitting alternately normal and reversed pulses, two spots are obtained on the indicator, the actual range being mid-way between them and their separation being proportional to the radial velocity of the target. The two beat frequencies are preferably so chosen that the range of transmitted frequencies remains the same. In the system shown in Fig. 1, separation of the three partial pulses at the receiver may be facilitated by providing short gaps between the three partial pulses generated by the transmitter. In an alternative system, Fig. 3 (not shown), the transmitter generates a single pulse and in the receiver the pulse is split into three parts at the low frequency stage by means of a lowpass filter, a band-pass filter, and a high-pass filter; a single unit 111 replaces units 111-113, a single unit 121 replaces 121-123, and the output of unit 121 is fed in parallel to units corresponding to units 131, 132 and 143, the separating filters being provided between units corresponding to 151-153 and the succeeding stages. The system of Fig. 3 can be adapted to a frequency diversity system, Fig. 4 (not shown), where three transmitter channels operating at different frequencies but fed from a common magnetic drum and synchronizing system cooperate with three receiver channels to feed a common display. It is shown that if the transmitted frequencies, the modulation laws of the pulses, the characteristics of the dispersive filters, and the initiation times of the transmitted pulses are suitably related, the output compressed pulses of the receivers will be simultaneous. Range errors due to Doppler effect may be corrected as before.