Patent GB-963681-A (GB)
Title: Friction welding
IPC: F42B14/02
Filed: 1960-07-25
Abstract: 963,681. Making projectiles; welding by pressure; lathes. AMERICAN MACHINE & FOUNDRY CO. July 25, 1960 [Aug. 12, 1959], No. 25788/60. Headings B3A, B3B, B3R and B3T. In friction welding metal workpieces, at least one workpiece is rotated relative to the other, the workpieces are forced together to generate heat by friction at the contact area until the metal becomes plastic or molten at the contact area and the rotation is stopped while the workpieces are still forced together, the average relative surface speed during rotation being at least 15 feet per second and the force with which the workpieces are pressed together during rotation resulting in a pressure of at least 1000 pounds per square inch at the contact area. An apparatus for welding two parts comprises vertical members 21, 22, Fig. 1, on a base 20 and connected by horizontal members 23, 24, the member 22 carrying a self-aligning chuck 26 and a spindle 28 extending through the member 21 carrying a chuck 29. The spindle rotates with a plunger 31 working in an hydraulic cylinder 30 and supported by a yoke 32 sliding on members 23, 24. The spindle is rotated by pulleys from a drive shaft 36 carrying a clutch 39, e.g. a magnetic clutch and electric brake 40. In operation, with pieces 41, 42 in the chucks, the piece 41 is rapidly rotated, e.g. to provide a relative sliding speed of preferably at least 50 feet per second, the cylinder 30 is actuated to bring the pieces together and when proper condition has been reached at the contact area the clutch is disengaged and brake 40 applied. A switch 44 responsive to the upset of the pieces causes the clutch to disengage, the brake to apply and the cylinder 30 to apply increased pressure. The switch 44 may be replaced by apparatus responsive to thermo-electric or infrared signals from the weld area or to the torque exerted between the pieces. In a modified apparatus for welding tool joints or couplings to drill pipes the chuck 26 is replaced by a rotary chuck 45, Fig. 3, fixed to a hollow shaft 46 to receive the drill pipe and rotatable by a motor 48 through pulleys 49, 50 and a clutch 52. The shaft is provided with a brake 53. A low speed motor 57 may drive the spindle 58 through a clutch 61 and a high speed motor 62 may drive the spindle via a shaft 63 carrying a clutch and a flywheel. In operation with drill pipe 47 and joint 72 fixed in the chucks the chucks are rotated at slow speed by motors 48, 57 and a tool holder 55 on a saddle 56 on ways 54 which may be swung into and out of position is operated to provide the parts with matching tapers. Then with clutches 52, 61 disengaged and brake 53 applied the spindle 5 rotated by motor 62 and welding effected. The tool holder may be used to cut, bore or grind upset metal from the weld. The welder may be mounted on a vehicle. The drill pipe may be counterrotated. The chucks may be enclosed in a casing containing a protective atmosphere and a preheating carburizing gas flame may be used. Magnesium and zirconium may be welded as may brass and copper to steel or aluminium to brass or steel. Dissimilar metals may be welded by holding a stationary wafer of material of intermediate properties between the members and a stud 85, Fig. 10A, may be welded to a plate 86. The end surface of one member may be provided with concentric ridges and depressions to engage depressions and ridges in the other member. For steels, the pressure at the contact area should be 1000-10,000 pounds per sq. inch. A rifling engaging low carbon steel or brass band 95, Fig. 14, is welded to a steel projectile 90 after tapering the band and projectile. Alternatively a cylindrical split band may be welded to the cylindrical surface of the projectile and a conical windshield 99 may be welded to the projectile end. Specifications 963,682, 963,683, 963,684, 963,685, 963,686, 963,687, 963,688, 963,689, 963,690, 963,691, 963,692, 963,693 and 963,694 are referred to.