baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent HU-212710-B (HU)
Title: Plastisol composition
Inventor: RUCH KLAUS
IPC: H01L23/10
Filed: 1991-10-31
Abstract: Plastisol compsns. (I) are claimed, based on styrene copolymers (II), plasticisers (III) and inorganic fillers. (II) are copolymers produced by emulsion polymerisation, contg. (A) styrene, alpha-methylstyrene and/or p-methylstyrene and (B) 3-20 wt.% (meth)acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid. - The styrene component of (II) contains up to 45 wt.% (w.r.t. styrene) butadiene, isoprene, piperylene and/or other rubber-forming comonomer, part of component (B) is replaced by methyl (meth)acrylate or (meth)acrylamide, and (II) contains 5-10 wt.% comonomer (B); (II) is in the form of powder with mean prim. particle size 0.3-1.5 microns and mean sec. particle size below 100 microns, and the copolymer has a core-shell structure with the polar gps. mainly on the outside; (I) also contain crosslinkers for (II) which react at the gelling temp., pref. long-chain epoxy cpds., epoxidised polybutadiene, epoxidised natural oils, di- or poly- OH-functional polyethylene or polypropylene glycols or copolymers thereof, OH-functional polybutadienes or SH-terminated liq. polymers; (I) also contain catalysts, pref. substd. imidazoles, tert. amines, tetramethylenediamine, urea derivs., alkylbenzenesulphonic acids or titanates, together with glycidyl (meth)acrylate as a further comonomer, and di- or poly-amines, di- or poly-carboxylic acids or mercapto cpds. to crosslink the epoxide gps.; (I) also contain, dissolved in (III), small amts. of polyurethane-formers, i.e. isocyanate prepolymers (IV) and (cyclo)aliphatic diamines, which react at gelling temp. to form PU; pref., (IV) have blocked NCO gps., and (I) contains up to 30 wt.% (IV) and up to 5 wt.% low-mol. wt. (cyclo)aliphatic diamine (mol. wt. about 500) or up to 30 wt.% high-mol. wt. diamine; (I) also contain up to 700 pts. wt. inert fillers pr 100 pts. wt. (II).
Patent HU-209217-B (HU)
Inventor: LUPKOVICS GABOR
IPC: G09B23/22
Filed: 1991-05-22
Abstract: A találmány tárgya lézeres optikai demonstrációs készlet, amely lézertartó csövet (1) és ezt demonstrációs eszközök rögzítésére, illetve alátámasztására alkalmasan kiképzett megvezetéshez viszonyítva a demonstrációhoz szükséges helyzetben megtámasztó elemet tartalmaz. Lényege, hogy a lézertartó cső (1) dobozon (2) van alátámasztva, a doboznak (2) a lézertartó cső (1) hossztengelyére merőleges zárólapjához két megfogó lap (15) és a megfogó lapokkal (15) vízszintes helyzetű tengelycsap (10) közvetítésével kapcsolódó egy-egy oldalsó tartólap (12) illeszkedik, a megvezetés a megfogó lapokhoz (15) képest szilárdan alátámasztott, az oldalsó tartólapokkal (12) kapcsolódó mozgató egységgel (A), valamint az oldalsó tartólapokban (12) oldalirányú elmozgatást engedélyező módon megtámasztott mellső összefogó tömbben, valamint attól térközzel elválasztott hátsó összefogó tömbben rögzített, demonstrációs eszközök, különösen lovas, illetve villa megfogására és/vagy alátámasztására alkalmas, célszerűen kör keresztmetszetű megvezető sínnel van kiképezve.  1. ábra HU 209 217 B A leírás terjedelme: 12 oldal (ezen belül 6 lap ábra)
Patent HU-196769-B (HU)
Title: Process for production of new 1,2,4-triasine salt and medical compositions containing them as active substance
Inventor: SAWYER DAVID A
IPC: A61K31/53
Filed: 1987-05-29
Abstract: 3,5-Diamino-6-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazine isethionate is provided. This salt has high water solubility and thus advantageously allows parenteral administration in the form of a sterile aqueous solution suitable for injection.
Patent HU-191629-B (HU)
Title: Cleaning mixture for the inner cleaning of equipment suitable for the processing of themoplastic materials and process for its production
Inventor: FARKAS LASZLONE
IPC: C08L23/06
Filed: 1983-08-19
Abstract: Prepns. for the internal cleaning of machinery used in the processing of thermoplastic materials are obtd. by mixing to a paste 2-10 parts by wt. aliphatic satd. or unsatd. fatty-acid with 12-20 carbons, or a mixt. of such acids, in 2-10 parts by wt. water with a 10% stoichiometric excess of alkali-metal hydroxide at a temp. above 60 deg.C., and adding 5-50 parts by wt. glycerol and 1-10 parts by wt. fatty-acid-glycerides with 12-20 carbons. Of the resulting material 1-10 parts by wt. is mixed with 100 parts by wt. poly-ethylene having a melt-flow-index of 0.3-10.3 and 30-70 parts by wt. mineral filler, pref. calcium-carbonate, aluminium-hydroxide or quartz flour. The prod. is finally ground or granulated.
Patent HU-183647-B (HU)
Inventor: GULYAS ERNOE
IPC: F16L41/04
Filed: 1981-10-28
Abstract: CSATLAKOZTATÓSZERKEZET ÜZEMELŐ, FŐLEG KÖZÉP- ÉS NAGYKŐZÉPNYOMÁS
ALATTI GÁZVEZETÉK MEGFÚRÁSÁHOZ
Patent HU-203140-B (HU)
Inventor: RATH GYOERGY
IPC: E04B2/00
Filed: 1985-11-20
Abstract: A találmány hőszigetelő falazat építményekhez, amely célszerűen egy rétegben és soronként fél elemnyi eltolással, „kötésben” rakott, előnyösen hőszigetelő betétet tartalmazó falazóelemeket, (1) habarcsot, a találkozó éleknél elhelyezett sarokelemet (la), adott esetben pedig vakolatot tartalmaz. Jellegzetessége, hogy teherviselő szerkezetek, pl. oszlopok, valamint gépészeti és villamos szerelvények és/vagy vezetékek elhelyezésére alkalmas, a falazat síkjával párhuzamos tengelyű összefüggő üregekkel (16) rendelkezik. A hőszigetelő betétek a falazat külső tér felőli oldalán helyezkednek el, a külső téri vakolat pedig közvetlenül a hőszigetelő betétek külső oldalaira van felhordva. A találmányhoz tartozik a falazóelem is, mely üregeket körülvevő vázzal, valamint bordákkal rendelkezik. A váz és a borda kötőanyag, víz és adalékanyag utószilárduló keverékét tartalmazza, az elemek befoglaló idoma pedig hasáb. Jellegzetessége, hogy legalább az egyik oldala mentén előnyösen hőszigetelő betét elhelyezésére alkalmas nyitott külső üreggel rendelkezik, a külső üreget a hőszigetelő betét rögzítésére alkalmas peremborda és adott esetben sarokborda határolja. (4. ábra)  Aóbra HU 203 140 A A leírás terjedelme: 8 oldal (ezen belül 2 ábra) -1-
Patent HU-196715-B (HU)
Title: Process for producing pharmaceutical compositions with thrombolytic effect
Inventor: COLLEN DESIRE J
IPC: A61P7/02
Filed: 1986-11-11
Abstract: Plasminogen activators of the tissue-type and plasminogen activators of the urokinase-type appear to have a synergistic action in vivo when administered together as thrombolytic agents. This can be used in pharmaceutical compositions and in methods for the preparation and use thereof.
Patent HU-201771-B (HU)
Title: Process for producing amikacin
Inventor: MANGIA ALBERTO
IPC: C07H15/12
Filed: 1988-11-25
Abstract: In the synthesis of amikacin, having the formula: <CHEM> by acylation of a diprotected derivative of kanamycin A with a reactive derivative of L-(-)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyric acid, the selection of the reaction solvent and of the pH conditions permit the industrial economicity and the synthesis yield to be improved.
Patent HU-210086-B (HU)
Inventor: VARGA GEZA
IPC: C01B33/26
Filed: 1990-10-03
Abstract: A találmány eljárást ismertet öntödei célokra vagy fúróiszapként felhasználható bentonitféleségek előállítására bazalt típusú bentonitokból, a természetes eredetű bentonit száraz tömegére vonatkoztatva 2-5 tömeg% nátrium-karbonáttal végzett aktiválás útján. A találmány szerint legalább 20 tömeg% nedvességtartalmú bentonit-masszához vagy -szuszpenzióhoz, ha nem éri el a 7,5-8 pH értéket a pH beállítására nátrium-hidroxidot adnak, majd bekeverik a nátrium-karbonátot a fúróiszapként felhasználandó bentonit előál- lítása esetén a természetes eredetű bentonit száraz tömegére vonatkoztatva 0,2-1 tömeg% huminsavat és/vagy humátot, és gyúrás közben elvégzik az aktiválást, kívánt esetben a kapott anyagot olyan hőmérsékleten és körülmények között szárítják, ahol a szilárd anyag hőmérséklete nem haladja meg a 135 °C-ot, és öntödei célokra felhasználandó bentonitféleségek előállításakor kívánt esetben a szárított anyaghoz annak tömegére vonatkoztatva legföljebb 1 tömeg% kausztikus magnézium-oxidot adnak. HU 210 086 A A leírás terjedelme: 4 oldal
Patent IT-1053072-B (IT)
Title: Vinyl chloride copolymer moulding compsn for records - contg oxidised distillate or oxidised solvent extract of mineral oil
IPC: C08F/
Filed: 1975-11-07
Granted: 1981-08-31
Abstract: Vinyl chloride copolymer moulding compsn., esp for the mfr. of gramophone records, contains 5-80 esp. 35-65 wt. % oxidised distillated of a mineral oil, or oxidised solvent extract of a mineral oil having an aromatics content before oxidn. corresponding to a viscosity-density constant of >0.85 esp. 0.90, and a b.p. of >350 degrees C, esp. 400 degrees C, under 760 mm Hg. Compsn. is easily processed and moulded. Less lubricant is required as a result of the presence of the oil derivative. This also has a blackening effect, enabling the amount of carbon black to be reduced. Records produced give better reproduction of sound and have good deformation resistance. The copolymer is pref. a vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer.
Patent LV-14667-B (LV)
Title: Method for oriented reinforcement of fibroconcrete structures prior to concreting
Inventor: LŪSIS Vitālijs
IPC: E04C3/20
Filed: 2013-02-08
Abstract: The invention relates to fibrous concrete structural elements design and elaboration technologies. Its application field is production of fiberconcrete monolithic and modular structural elements and reconstruction technologies of structures working mainly under bending loading conditions. The offered technique for oriented reinforcement of fibrous concrete is characterized in that fibre orientation prior to concreting is carried out in the necessary direction in such a way that fibers carpets are prepared by attaching fibers of necessary concentration to flexible warp, besides it is possible to prepare the carpet with non-uniform fibers concentration. Reinforcing carpet is placed into the mould in concrete at necessary depth and in necessary direction. In case of crack opening in loaded structural element, the fibers are bridging the cracks being stretched and they start to pull-out of concrete. Optimizing fibers geometrical form it is possible to govern crack opening process.
Patent LV-15239-B (LV)
Inventor: ZHU BOQIN
IPC: A01G9/26
Filed: 2016-11-25
Abstract: 1.	 Lauksaimnieciskā gaisa attīrīšanas sistēma, kur lauksaimnieciskā
gaisa attīrīšanas sistēma iekļauj stādīšanas telpu (10),
kuru izmanto kultūraugu audzēšanai, gaisa ieplūdes pievadu (20),
kas savienots ar stādīšanas telpu (10), gaisa attīrīšanas moduli
(30), kas ir novietots gaisa ieplūdes pievadā (20), kā arī galveno
vadības ierīci (1), savienotu ar gaisa attīrīšanas moduli (30) un
kuru izmanto, lai kontrolētu gaisa attīrīšanas moduļa (30) darba
stāvokļus; turklāt gaisa attīrīšanas modulim (30) tā gaisa ieplūdes
pievadā (20) ir uzstādīts negatīvo jonu ģenerators (5).
	 2.	 Lauksaimnieciskā gaisa attīrīšanas sistēma saskaņā ar
1. pretenziju papildus satur temperatūras noteikšanas bloku, kas
ir savienots ar galveno vadības ierīci (1); turklāt temperatūras
noteikšanas bloks monitorē temperatūru stādīšanas telpas (10)
iekšpusē, tādējādi ļaujot galvenajai vadības ierīcei (1) automātiski
regulēt temperatūru stādīšanas telpā (10) atbilstoši temperatūras
noteikšanas bloka konstatētajiem datiem.
	 3.	 Lauksaimnieciskā gaisa attīrīšanas sistēma saskaņā ar
1. vai 2. pretenziju papildus satur ar galveno vadības ierīci (1)
savienotu CO2 koncentrācijas noteikšanas bloku, kuru izmanto, lai
monitorētu CO2 koncentrāciju stādīšanas telpas (10) iekšpusē un
nodrošinātu atgriezenisko saiti ar galveno vadības ierīci (1), kura
pielāgo gaisa attīrīšanas moduļa (30) darba stāvokļus.
	 4.	 Lauksaimnieciskā gaisa attīrīšanas sistēma saskaņā ar
1. vai 2. pretenziju papildus satur cieto daļiņu noteikšanas bloku
savienotu ar galveno vadības ierīci (1) cieto daļiņu koncentrācijas
monitorēšanai stādīšanas telpā (10), kā arī atgriezeniskās saites
nodrošināšanai ar galveno vadības ierīci (1), kura pielāgo gaisa
attīrīšanas moduļa (30) darba stāvokļus.
Patent LV-12334-B (LV)
Title: Apparatus for controlling combustion
Inventor: TALLO TOOMAS
IPC: F23N5/18
Filed: 1998-03-09
Abstract: The combustion process control apparatus is related to the field of heat power engineering and is intended for: (1) continual analysis of select fire gases resulting from working boilers burning gas, liquid or solid fuel, (2) determination of boiler efficiency, and (3) regulation of the amount of air transferred to the furnace. The combustion process control apparatus (fig.1) consists of a water ejector pump, a gas cooler, a gas separator, a gas assimilation chamber, a filter, a rotameter, a gas analyzer for the determination of oxygen (O2) and carbon monoxide and hydrogen (CO+H2) in the fire gases, a calibration gas pressure regulator, a fire gases temperature gauge, a temperature gauge for the air transferred to the furnace, a boiler efficiency calculation unit, a furnace lines gauge unit, a frequency changer unit, a blower, and a multichannel automatic recorder set-up. The offered apparatus makes it possible to get continual data concerning the economical and ecological sides of the combustion process and to draw conclusions concerning the general technical state of the boiler. On the grounds of the data collected from the combustion process control apparatus, it is possible to precisely regulate the fuel and air relationship in the furnace.
Patent LV-12342-B (LV)
Title: Progesterone for treating or reducing ischemia
Inventor: LEVINE HOWARD L
IPC: A61K31/565
Filed: 1999-05-28
Abstract: The present invention provides a method of treating or reducing ischemia or incidence of cardiovascular events by administering progesterone. Progesterone, unlike synthetic progestins, has been demonstrated to supplement, rather than to decrease, the beneficial effects of estrogen therapy on myocardial ischemia in females.
Patent NO-147666-B (NO)
Inventor: ORIOL ANDRE
IPC: B61K7/04
Filed: 1980-02-15
Abstract: 1. A track brake for railway carriages and trucks, comprising jaws and operating by gravity, of the type comprising pairs of articulated levers (1, 2) carrying two braking shoes (4) forming jaws disposed on each side of a vertically mobile running rail (3), characterized in that the levers (1, 2) are provided with tenons (5) articulated in housings serving as bearings formed by a two-part movable flange (6) fixed to the base of the running rail (3) without it being necessary to machine the latter, the hook shape of this flange (6) being adapted to retain the tenons (5) of each of the levers (1, 2) in the angle constituted by the web of the rail and its base, and in that the running rail (3) receiving said levers (1, 2) is constituted by one of the two rails of the running track, previously released from the sleepers by removal of the sleeper screws.
Patent NO-162907-B (NO)
Inventor: DEVLIN JOHN P
IPC: A61P37/08
Filed: 1984-03-20
Abstract: 1. Bis-(piperazinyl- or homopiperazinyl) alkanes of the general formula I  see diagramm : EP0122488,P21,F1  wherein R1 , R2 , R3 and R4 which may be identical to or different from each other, are each hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, hydroxyl, alkoxy having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkanoyloxy having up to 4 carbon atoms, halogen, trihalomethyl, di-C1-4 alkylamino, C1-4 alkoxycarbonyl, nitro, cyano or acyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms ; R5 and R6 , which may be identical to or different from each other, are each hydrogen, methyl, hydroxyl, carboxyl, C1-4 alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxymethyl, phenyl or p-chlorophenyl, R7 and R8 are each hydrogen or methyl ; j and k are integers from 0 to 3, their sum being no more than 4 ; m and n are integers from 0 to 3, their sum being no more than 4 ; A is -CH2 - or -CH2 CH2 - ; or R5 and R7 together or R6 and R8 together are oxo, provided k or m is other than O ; or R5 and R7 together and R6 and R8 together are oxo, provided k or m are other than O ; R9 and R10 , which may be the same or different, represent hydrogen or from one to four methyl substituents on the carbon atoms of the piperazine ring (A = -CH2 -) ; R11 , R12 , R13 and R14 , which may be identical to or different from each other, are each hydrogen or methyl ; or R11 and R12 together and/or R13 and R14 together are oxo ; and X is alkylene of 1 to 2 carbon atoms, optionally hydroxy-substituted with the proviso that when A = -CH2 -, R1 to R14 are hydrogen and j, k, m and n are each zero, then X cannot be 1,2-ethylenediol, and physiologically acceptable acid addition salts thereof.
Patent NO-166704-B (NO)
Inventor: HONG SUN-NAN
IPC: C02F3/30
Filed: 1985-04-12
Abstract: Abnormally lowered reduction in the rate of phosphorus removal from influent wastewater in an activated sludge system, occurring particularly following periods of increase in flow rate of wastewater entering the system, is avoided by controlling the maximum F/M in that portion of the system in which oxidation is occurring so as not to exceed 0.9 and maintaining a defined relation between the maximum and minimum F/M during any 24 hour operating period.
Patent NO-157611-B (NO)
Inventor: COSNET PASCAL
IPC: A01D90/08
Filed: 1985-05-08
Abstract: Device for stowing loads of large-sized bales of fodder on a vehicle. Said device is constituted of a T-shaped movable member composed of at least one horizontally-extending elongated element in the middle part of which is perpendicularly fixed the upper end of a vertical arm, said horizontal element being equipped at each end with at least one needle which is engaged in two juxtaposed bales and said arm being equipped at its lower end with an anchoring member adapted to be engaged in at least one bale situated below two juxtaposed bales receiving the needles of the horizontal element, said device comprising two guiding members for a strap, one member of which is situated in the center of the horizontal element.
Patent NO-165807-B (NO)
Inventor: GRISWOLD AZEL ALAN
IPC: B29C67/24
Filed: 1986-05-02
Abstract: A process for the rapid post curing of polyether polyurethane foam in the form of porous blocks in which the foam is subjected to a mixture of water vapor and gaseous ammonia, primary or secondary amines at a temperature of about 50 to 150° F. For a period of 1 or more minutes. The cured foam recovers its original dimensions when distorted or compressed after the distortion or compression force is released.
Patent NO-165960-B (NO)
Inventor: MUELLER RICHARD AUGUST
IPC: C07C67/00
Filed: 1986-12-19
Abstract: This invention relates to novel compounds for preventing or retarding the degradation of elastin or other proteins and therefore preventing or retarding the disease states caused by said degradation, of the formula:  <IMAGE>  or its pharmacologically acceptable salts. The invention also relates to novel methods and intermediates for making the compounds.
Patent NO-167729-B (NO)
Inventor: UNKURI MATTI
IPC: D04H1/74
Filed: 1988-07-04
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/FI87/00151 Sec. 371 Date May 8, 1989 Sec. 102(e) Date May 8, 1989 PCT Filed Nov. 11, 1987 PCT Pub. No. WO88/03509 PCT Pub. Date May 19, 1988.In a method for feeding out the primary web of a mineral wool web by means of a pendulum conveyor and to an arrangement of such a pendulum conveyor, an output is fed as close to the receiving conveyor as possible for the primary web to be rapidly fixed onto the underlying web. The conducting rollers at the output end, which rotate in the output direction, have a disturbing effect on such a close output. The front conducting roller in the direction of motion rotates in a direction having a lifting effect on the underlying web, which is negative, whereas the rear conducting roller rotates in a direction pressing down the web being fed out, which is advantageous for the output. Both conveyors of the pendulum conveyor are made vertically movable with regard to each other, the front conducting roller being situated higher and the rear conducting roller lower during the pendulum swing. The reversing mainly takes place in the end position of the pendulum swing. The reversing may take place momentarily or gradually during the entire pendulum motion.
Patent NO-178188-B (NO)
Inventor: OHTA MITSUAKI
IPC: C07D235/08
Filed: 1989-12-21
Abstract: 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydrobenzimidazole derivatives (I) and salts thereof show 5-HT3 antagonizing activity <CHEM>  wherein R<1>, R<2>, R<3> independently represent hydrogen atom, hydroxy group, a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group which may optionally be substituted with a halogen atom, a lower alkoxy group, a lower alkylthio group, an aralkyloxy group, an aryloxy group, a lower alkanoyl group, carboxy group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group or nitro group; R<4>,R<5> and R<6> can each be a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; and X is an oxygen atom or sulfur atom. d
Patent NO-170361-B (NO)
Inventor: KOPPANEN JORMA TAPANI
IPC: F16K11/078
Filed: 1990-02-16
Abstract: The specification relates to a noise-reduced mixing valve comprising a valve body (1) and, located in the control part within said body, ceramic disks (2, 3). The fixed disk (2) is penetrated by inlet apertures (7) for hot and cold water and moreover penetrated by an outlet aperture (8) for the mixed water. In the movable disk (3) there is an aperture acting together with the apertures in the fixed disk (2) to control the flows of hot and cold water and it acts together with a plastics piece (4) joined to it to form a mixing space (11) for the water. In order to improve the noise reduction and to achieve an even flow of water a flow guide piece (10) forming a curved guide surface (13) between the inlet apertures (7) and the outlet aperture (8) is disposed in the bottom part of the mixing space (11). The guide piece can be attached e.g. to the fixed disk (2) by means of a projection (12) extending into the outlet aperture (8) of the disk, or alternatively to the movable disk (3) by projections extending along the walls of the mixing space and engaging in recesses in the movable disk.
Patent SE-312538-B (SE)
Inventor: BOEHME G
IPC: B01F7/00
Filed: 1966-03-01
Abstract: 1,148,822. Homogenizing apparatus; mixing apparatus. NORTON CO.! 18 March, 1966 [19 March, 1965], No. 12104/66. Headings B1C and B1V. Homogenising apparatus comprise stationary perforated tube 32 mounted in jacketed housing 12, baffle 54 dividing the tube internally into first and second zones, the zones communicating through the perforations in tube 32 with chambers 38, 38a, 38b, 38c, chamber 38a communicating with chamber 38b through passages 40 in collar 36b, inlet 90 for material to be homogenized and outlet 92 communicating with chambers 38, 38c respectively, and cutting means 42 operative against the inner surface of tube 32 to subsubject the material to shearing as it enters and leaves the first zone and the second zone in its passage from inlet 90 to outlet 92. Cutting means 42 may comprise a rotary spiral-type multi-toothed cutter mounted on shaft 44 rotated by means 82; baffle 54 is mounted on the shaft also. In operation, the material entering at 90 passes into chamber 38, through the perforations into 'tube 32, along the flutes of cutters 42 until it reaches baffle 54, out through the perforations into space 38a, through passages 40 in collar 36b into space 38b, back into tube 32 and finally out at 92. The mix is sheared by cutters 42 at each pass through the perforations in tube 32. The size and number of perforations may vary along the tube.
Patent SE-307222-B (SE)
Inventor: JACOBS A
IPC: C03B1/00
Filed: 1966-04-06
Abstract: 1,135,285. Glass melting. GLAVERBEL. 11 Feb., 1966 [12 April, 1965], No. 6184/66. Heading C1M. [Also in Division F4] Glass making material is fed to a tank furnace 1 from a hopper 12 by an endless belt 9 under control of a slide 20, said material being preheated in the hopper by hot gases supplied by pipe 17. In a modification, Fig. 2 (not shown), hot gases from the furnace are drawn through the hopper by a fan, the feed belt being replaced by a reciprocating pusher. Other modifications, Figs. 3 and 4 (not shown), have the preheater walls defined by vertically spaced louvres, the discharge being by rotary pocketed drums. The second of these modifications incorporates a second preheater for cullet discharged by a vibratory shoot.