baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20000049782-A (KR)
Inventor: YANG UNG SEOB
IPC: H04M1/00
Filed: 2000-04-28
Abstract: PURPOSE: A device for replaying background sounds is provided to supply separate sounds including each voice as background sounds during calling. CONSTITUTION: A device for replaying background sounds comprises a background sound generator(10), and a background sound converter(10). The generator(10) has a signal input circuit(40) connected to a central office(20) line, and a signal output circuit(50) connected to a normal telephone(30). The generator(10) transmits specific sounds stored in a memory(80) of the generator(10) during calling to an another side's telephone through the central office(20), outputting simultaneously to a caller's telephone. The converter(10) can store the specific sounds in a memory(80) of the converter(10) by downloading through a telephone line from the device. The converter(10) transmits the specific sounds to another side as background sounds during calling, outputting to the caller's telephone. The converter(10) can store the specific sounds, such as musical instrument's sounds and voices, in the memory through a sound input circuit(120) by operating a key input circuit(100) of the generator(10). The converter(10) transmits the specific sounds recorded by the caller to another side as background sounds during calling, outputting to the caller's telephone.
Patent KR-20010103454-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM HYEONG GON
Filed: 2000-05-10
Abstract: 본 발명은 W-CDMA 방식을 적용한 광대역 WLL 시스템의 단말장치를 고정된 형태가 아닌 휴대성과 이동성을 갖춘 단말장치로 구현하여 시내전화 서비스는 물론 고품질의 무선 데이터 서비스를 제공할 수 있도록 한 WLL 시스템의 휴대용 단말장치에 관한 것으로, 이동통신 단말기와 거의 동일한 구조를 가지면서 고정장치와 연결되었을 때 유선 전화기를 통한 음성 서비스와 PC와 같은 데이터 단말기를 통한 데이터 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 인터페이스를 추가로 가지고 있는 휴대장치와, 상기 휴대장치와 연결되어 유선 전화기를 연결하여 음성 서비스를 제공하고, 상기 휴대장치와 연결되어 데이터 단말기를 연결하여 RS-232C 인터페이스를 통해 데이터 서비스를 제공하는 고정장치로 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하며, 이와 같이 W-CDMA 방식을 적용한 광대역 WLL 시스템의 단말장치를 고정된 형태가 아닌 900MHz 전화기 및 DCS, PCS 등의 이동통신 단말기와 같은 휴대성과 이동성을 갖춘 단말장치로 구현하여 종래 DCS, PCS와 경쟁하면서 값싼 서비스 요금으로 시내전화 서비스는 물론 고품질의 무선 데이터 서비스를 다양하게 제공할 수 있게 되는 효과가 있으며, 시내전화 요금 수준의 서비스 요금으로 DCS, PCS 등의 단말기와 CT-2의 복합적 기능을 제공함으로써 종래 휴대폰 서비스의 대체 서비스의 역할을 겸할 수 있게 되는 장점도 있다.
Patent KR-20010105553-A (KR)
Title: Club Activity Managing Method Using An Internet
Inventor: KIM YOUNG KYOUN
IPC: G06F17/00
Filed: 2000-05-16
Abstract: Basket to manipulate scrap in cooperation with an arc furnace (11) and with means to pre-heat the scrap by means of the fumes from the fourth hole (14), the basket being able to be associated with a movable covering system (16) and including a containing body, a bottom equipped with toothed lower closing means which may be momentarily opened, and lateral extensions for moving and positioning the basket, the containing body comprising a first upper part (10a) which acts as a buffer store to temporally increase the capacity of the basket (10) and a second lower part (10b) to contain the scrap, with a capacity substantially mating with the volume of the load of the melting furnace (11) which it has to feed, wherein the second lower part (10b) is associated with cooling means.
Patent KR-20010098322-A (KR)
Inventor: JUNG KWAN SEEN
IPC: G06Q50/22
Filed: 2000-05-13
Abstract: 본 발명은 병원과 약국의 단말기(PC)를 인터넷에 의해 연결하고, 상기 병원과 약국의 단말기 사이에 약품구매를 위한 서버를 두어 직접 환자가 처방전을 들고 약국에 가서 약품을 구매하는 것이 아니고, 병원에서 처방전 발급자가 병원단말부를 통해 환자에게 필요한 약품을 약품구매서버의 약품데이터베이스에서 선택한 다음, 상기 선택된 약품정보와 환자식별코드를 매칭시켜 약품구매서버에 저장하거나, 이를 환자가 원하는 약국의 약국단말부로 직접 전송하므로써 약사는 환자가 제시하는 환자식별코드에 의해 환자가 구매하고자 하는 약품을 확인하고 병원의 처방대로 약을 조제하여 환자에게 제공할 수 있도록 하기 위한 인터넷을 이용한 약품구매방법을 제공하기 위한 것으로, 병원은 처방전을 따로 작성할 필요가 없으며, 환자 역시 처방전을 병원에서 발급받을 때까지 기다리지 않아도 되며, 약국에서는 환자가 오기전에 약을 조제해놓고 기다릴 수 있게되어 환자에게 편리함을 제공할 수 있는 매우 유용한 발명인 것이다.
Patent KR-20010105686-A (KR)
Title: Compressor
Inventor: KIM SEONG JIN
IPC: F04B39/00
Filed: 2000-05-17
Abstract: An adsorbent for eliminating hepatitis C virus which has a high safety and by which hepatitis C virus, in particular, immune complex type hepatitis C virus can be efficiently and selectively eliminated from the blood of a patient so as to potentiate the therapeutic effect of interferon; an adsorber made with the use of this adsorbent; and an adsorption method for eliminating hepatitis C virus. The adsorbent contains a compound capable of adsorbing hepatitis C virus immobilized on a water-insoluble carrier.
Patent KR-20010107056-A (KR)
Inventor: IM DONG GUN
IPC: G02F1/1337
Filed: 2000-05-24
Abstract: 본 발명은 액정의 배향 결함 제거 및 고속응답 구현 방법과 그 방법을 적용한 액정디스플레이에 관한 것으로서, 더욱 상세하게는, 고주파를 이용한 고속 스위칭에 의해서 배향결함을 제거하거나 최소화하며, 인가된 전장에 고속으로 응답하여 고 휘도를 구현하는 것이 가능한, 액정의 배향결함 제거방법 및 그 방법을 적용한 액정디스플레이에 관한 것이다. 상기 액정 배향결함 제거 방법 및 액정 디스플레이는, 액정 시편내의 공간에서 액정 분자들이 안정된 에너지 상태를 유지하기 위해서 일정한 비틀림 상태로서 셰브론 구조를 갖는 강유전성 액정을 적용한 모드에서, 상기 액정 시편의 양 기판에 교류 전압을 인가하여 상기 셰브론 구조를 북셸프 구조로 변형시키는 것을 특징으로 한다.
Patent KR-20010110842-A (KR)
Inventor: HOWANG DO HYUN
Filed: 2000-06-08
Abstract: 본 발명은 인터넷을 이용한 학습자료 이용 활성화 및 학습방법에 관한 것으로, 본 발명은 데이터베이스(32)를 포함하고, 이 데이터베이스(32)를 참조하고, 인터넷(20)을 통한 선택 및 입력에 응답하여 학습을 수행하는 학습시스템(30)의 학습서버(31)에 접속하고, 회원 가입 및 등록을 처리하는 제1단계(S31-S33); 회원이 로그인하면, 데이타베이스에 저장된 회원정보에 기초해서 교사, 학생 및 학부모를 식별하여 확인하고, 확인된 교사, 학생 및 학부모 각각에 해당하는 웹페이지로 자동 연결되는 제2단계(S34);  교사를 선택한 경우, 학습자료의 업로드, 다운로드 및 상담답변을 수행하며, 이 학습참여정도에 기초해서 임의의 포인트를 교사별로 지급하여 누적하고, 이 누적 포인트에 기초해서 연구비를 지급하는 제3단계(S35); 학생을 선택한 경우, 학습자료의 다운로드, 업로드 및 상담요청을 수행하며, 이 학습참여정도에 기초해서 임의의 포인트를 학생별로 지급하여 누적하고, 이 누적된 포인트에 기초해서 장학금을 지급하는 제4단계(S36);를 포함하며, 이와같은 본 발명에서는, 교사 및 학생들의 학습참여 및 학습자료의 이용을 활성화시킴으로서, 교사들의 학습지도 및 학생들의 학습을 활성화시켜 학습의 효과를 향상시킬 수 있다.
Patent KR-20020000400-A (KR)
Title: A composition for skin external application having effects of suppressing glycation intermediates and advanced glycation endproducts(AGEs) formation
Inventor: CHO YUN GI
IPC: A61K8/35
Filed: 2000-06-24
Abstract: PURPOSE: A dermatologics composition having effects of suppressing the formation of glycation intermediates and advanced glycation endproducts(AGEs) is provided, thereby effectively suppresses the formation and accumulation of glycation intermediate or advanced glycation endproduct(AGEs). CONSTITUTION: The dermatologics composition having effects of suppressing the formation of glycation intermediates and advanced glycation endproducts(AGEs) contains 0.00001 to 30 wt.% of curcumin isolated from Curcuma Longa L. The composition can be formulated into cosmetics such as lotion, cream, pack, gel, patch, ointment or spray.
Patent KR-20020002522-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE TAE HO
IPC: G11C7/06
Filed: 2000-06-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: A sense amplifier output control circuit is provided to detect accurate data by preventing unwanted data from being output by a timing mismatch between an output signal of a sense amplifier and a sense amplifier enable signal(senh). CONSTITUTION: A sense amplifier part(1) senses and amplifies two data signals inputted by a sense amplifier enable signal(senh). A sense amplifier output control part(20) outputs a buffered signal without noise to an output node(dout) by receiving a transition signal(saoutb) of an output signal(saout) of the sense amplifier part by the sense amplifier enable signal. A precharge circuit part(3) precharges an output stage of the sense amplifier output control part to a half voltage(1/2Vcc). And a data output buffer part(4) outputs an output signal of the sense amplifier output control part to a DQ pad. When there is a time difference between the sense amplifier enable signal and the output signal of the sense amplifier part, it is controlled so that the first pull-down driver or the first pull-up driver receiving the output signal of the sense amplifier as an input is operated after the second pull-down driver or the second pull-up driver connected to the power supply voltage source is operated in advance. Thus, it is prevented that unwanted data is output because of a timing mismatch between the output signal of the sense amplifier and the sense amplifier enable signal.
Patent KR-20060086491-A (KR)
Inventor: TAKADA YASUYUKI
IPC: G01R31/01
Filed: 2000-07-03
Abstract: 챔버에는 검사해야할 IC 디바이스가 수용되고, IC 테스터가 이 IC 디바이스의 특성을 판별한다. 전기적 접속장치는, 챔버의 바깥에 배치되고, 상기 IC 테스터와 상기 IC 디바이스를 전기적으로 접속하는 도통로를 가진다. IC 소켓은 상기 IC 디바이스를 설정하기 위해 상기 전기적 접속장치 위에 유지된다. 자기센서는, 상기 전기적 접속장치의 상기 도통로에 근접배치되어, 상기 IC 테스터로부터 상기 IC 디바이스로 전류가 공급될 때에 발생하는 자장을 검출한다. 온도제어장치는 상기 디바이스의 온도를 제어한다. 제어장치는 상기 IC 디바이스의 온도를 소정의 온도범위내로 유지하기 위해 상기 자기센서의 출력신호에 의거하여 상기 온도제어장치를 제어한다. 
       
     IC 디바이스, 검사장치, 챔버, 전기적 접속장치, IC 테스터, IC 소켓, 온도제어장치
Patent KR-20020005081-A (KR)
Title: The quadrivalent combination vaccine including diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, whole cell pertussis and hepatitis b surface antigen and the preparation thereof
Inventor: BAE CHEON SUN
IPC: A61P37/04
Filed: 2000-07-05
Abstract: PURPOSE: A quadrivalent combination vaccine including diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, pertussis and hepatitis B surface antigen(hereafter, referred to DTwPH) and preparation method thereof are provided, thereby stably maintaining and effectively using the titer of each component in the vaccine. CONSTITUTION: The quadrivalent combination vaccine DTwPH contains aluminum phosphate gel-attached diphtheria, tetanus toxoid and pertussis and aluminum hydroxide gel-attached hepatitis B virus surface antigen and displays pH 6.5 to 7.5, wherein the cultured medium of diphtheria, tetanus toxoid and pertussis and hepatitis B virus surface antigen are added into a vaccine in an amount of 20 to 50 Lf/mL, 4 to 20 Lf/mL, 10 to 24 OU/mL and 10 to 30 microgram/mL, respectively. The quadrivalent combination vaccine may further contain 0.1 to 0.7 w/v% of gelatin. Its preparation method comprises the steps of; mixing a diphtheria toxoid aluminum adsorption solution with a tetanus toxoid aluminum adsorption solution; and mixing the above mixed solution with a hepatitis B virus surface antigen adsorption solution and an attenuated pertussis solution.
Patent KR-20020004730-A (KR)
Title: Electronic business method of art work
Inventor: HAN BYEONG HAK
Filed: 2000-07-07
Abstract: PURPOSE: An electronic commerce method is provided to enable a user to easily sell or buy art works via the Internet by realizing a portal site for art works. CONSTITUTION: A buyer connects to an art works site using a buyer system(S201). An art works server displays guide information of registered art works to the buyer. The buyer confirms service and works information, and makes a purchase order for an art work(S203). The server requests electronic settlement(S204), and the buyer carries out electronic settlement(S205). The art work is transported to the buyer(S206). If the buyer requests an auction(S207), the buyer transmits auction conditions(S208). The art works server searches the registered art works corresponding to the auction conditions of the buyer. If there is art work matching the auction conditions, the server displays the art work on a web browser of the buyer computer.
Patent KR-20020005097-A (KR)
Title: On-line both sides fashion total codi program
Inventor: PARK JONG IN
IPC: G06Q50/00
Filed: 2000-07-07
Abstract: PURPOSE: A real time bidirectional fashion total coordination program is to apply clothes, shoes, handbags or other accessories for a virtual space user, by transmitting the figure of a user using motion pictures through a personal computer digital camera, and inputting the size of the user. CONSTITUTION: A real user transmits his/her figure using the motion pictures by using a personal computer digital camera, and inputs his/her body conditions including a height, bust, waist, weight and hip size. A cyber user of a virtual space is automatically changed according to the body conditions of the real user. The real user directly applies clothes, shoes and handbags that are three-directionally displayed to the cyber user of the virtual space. Accordingly, the real user can display the cyber user who has the same body conditions and wears wanted articles. In general, the user selects the goods according to the static images of the goods in electronic commerce.
Patent KR-20020005797-A (KR)
Title: A liquid natural quantity supply device of packing machine
Inventor: LEE IK JAE
IPC: B65B3/00
Filed: 2000-07-10
Abstract: PURPOSE: A quantitative liquid filling device of a wrapping machine is provided to carry out cleaning without disassembling the machine by mounting cleaning cylinders to a shutoff flow channel part and a piston flow channel part respectively. CONSTITUTION: A quantitative liquid filling device of a wrapping machine includes a flow channel element(560) mounted below a cleaning cylinder(520) and an operation cylinder(550) via a supporting element(510) fixed to an upper frame for introducing a liquid from a liquid supply tank to a nozzle, a shutoff(570) extended from a lower end of the operation cylinder for alternatively communicating the flow channel element with the nozzle, and a piston element(580) extended from a lower end of a cleaning cylinder(555) connected to an operation cylinder(530) for lifting to quantitatively introduce the liquid via the flow channel element and lowering when the shutoff is lifted to discharge the quantitative liquid via the nozzle, the cleaning cylinder being connected to the operation cylinder to be guided by a guide element for moving vertically.
Patent KR-20020008334-A (KR)
Title: Operation system and method for B2B
Inventor: HONG MEE HEE
Filed: 2000-07-22
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for constructing and managing an electronic commercial transaction system storing program for systematically unifying from the lower structure is provided to construct a physically independent system as a logically incorporated single system through a linking of different kind platforms, a linking of dispersed different kind databases, a linking of programs developed different languages in constructing an electronic commercial transaction between companies. CONSTITUTION: An information storing area browser(20) is only one interface for making a manager access to information storing area data. A manager may insert, delete, modify, and search a plurality of meta data through the interface. A managing tool(30) monitors a progressing state of the total system or controls purchase and estimate contents. An application(40) is a general electronic commercial transaction site. Created application data are stored in a local database, and the corresponding schema information, meta schema information, user information, and an organism information are stored in an information storing area system(50) located in other area through a network. Data structure changing contents and position information of each application data are stored in the information storing area system(50). The information storing area system(50) maintains an inherent data dictionary DB(100) and a data list(200). A local database consists of a stored goods DB(300), a buying DB(400), a member company DB(500), and an estimate DB(600).
Patent KR-20020011263-A (KR)
Title: Caller ID Service System In Private Branch Exchange
Inventor: KO GYEONG MIN
IPC: H04Q3/72
Filed: 2000-08-01
Abstract: PURPOSE: A caller ID service apparatus and method for a PBX(Private Branch Exchange) is provided to efficiently operate resources by previously retrieving and confirming a currently usable receiving device and allocating a caller ID to a receiving device which is not used, and receiving the caller ID in the receiving device which is not used. CONSTITUTION: A main control device(201) including a switching unit(201a) for constructing a channel and controlling a call ID process. Local loop boards(202a,202b) perform a voice channel process and a call ID process between a PSTN(Public Switched Telephone Network) and the main control device(201). Each local loop boards(202a,202b) have a slot channel unit(203) for forming the voice channel and sensing the caller ID, a PCM adjusting unit(204) for allocating the caller ID sensed in the slot channel unit(203) to a current usable receiving device. A receiving device unit(205) includes one or more receiving devices(205a) selected by the PCM adjusting unit(204), a storing unit(206) for storing the caller ID received by the receiving device(205a), and a processor unit(207) for transmitting the caller ID stored in the storing unit(206) to the main control device(200).
Patent KR-20010021238-A (KR)
Title: Wiring structure of solor cell module
Inventor: ITSUKIDA YUUSHIN
IPC: H01L31/05
Filed: 2000-08-07
Abstract: PURPOSE: To bring a solar cell module to a satisfactory state even as a viewed from the inside by improving the appearance of the module installed on a curtain wall surface or the like by leading out electric wires from retaining-section terminals into grooves, which are formed to concealed metal fittings and introducing and housing each electric wire into connecting pipes connecting metal fittings in the terminals. CONSTITUTION: A retaining section 3 is formed to a conductive section on one side of the solar cell module, and a terminal 4 is installed to the retaining section 3. The terminal 4 is mounted on the retaining section 3, so that a stepped section 6 in width in which terminal 4 can be set up to the glass 5 of the conductive section of the solar cell module 1 is formed and used as the retaining section 3 and fitted to the stepped section 6. Thus, the terminal 4 is housed within the thickness of the solar cell module and secured to the extent that other the terminal 4 is not projected from the surface of the solar cell module or is projected slightly. Thus, each wiring 8 from the terminals 4 installed to each solar cell module 1 is led out to metal fittings, and housed in connecting pipes connecting the metal fittings.
Patent KR-20020012746-A (KR)
Title: A Method for Multimedia Communication on Mobile PCs
Inventor: HAN KYUNG SOOK
IPC: G06F15/16
Filed: 2000-08-08
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for transmitting and reproducing a multimedia of a mobile PC is provided to rapidly perform a communication by easily transmitting and reproducing a multimedia using a virtual space interface or an instant messenger program. CONSTITUTION: Each client connecting to a message server through a communication line performs a log-in to a server and is authorized by the message server(50). After that, an initial menu screen composed of menu items for transmitting or reproducing a multimedia is displayed. In case that the client selects an arbitrary item from the initial menu screen, a sub routine for the item selected is performed. The multimedia is transmitted or reproduced. Each client performs a communication with an arbitrary client or a plurality of client connecting to the server on the menu screen displayed. A file is transmitted to an FTP server(54). It is confirmed whether a mail is received(56). An avatar conversation is performed(58). A person-to-person talk is performed(60). The transmission of a mail is performed(62). In case that the client directly transmits a mail to another client, the client selects a file to be transmitted and clicks the person's avatar. After that, the client directly transmits the mail(64). A multi-peer talk is performed in a chatting room(66). It is sensed whether a specific user is connected(68).
Patent KR-20020005166-A (KR)
Title: Carbonite fiber heating Paper and board
Inventor: OH TAE SEONG
IPC: H05B3/20
Filed: 2000-08-26
Abstract: PURPOSE: A ceramic carbon fiber sheet plane heater is provided to achieve different heating characteristics in vertical and horizontal directions, optimize uniformity of heating temperature, and improve heating efficiency and reliability. CONSTITUTION: A carbon fiber(2) has an oriented arrangement to have thermal properties in vertical or horizontal directions on a plane. The carbon fiber(2) is arranged on a pulp member(1). At least one pair of electrodes is formed in the vertical and horizontal directions of a carbon fiber heating sheet. Polymer insulating members of at least one layer are laminated on upper and lower surfaces of the carbon fiber heating sheet. A heat transfer medium of fiber or powder type is included in the carbon fiber heating sheet to prevent a thermal ununiformity between a high density part(6) in which a carbon fiber density is high and a low density part(5) in which a carbon fiber density is low. The carbon fiber heating sheet includes a heat transfer medium. The polymer insulating member includes a heat transfer medium.
Patent KR-20020017143-A (KR)
Title: Method of Printing Picture on Dyed Natural Fabric and Article Prepared Therefrom
Inventor: JANG GYE YUNG
IPC: B41M5/00
Filed: 2000-08-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for printing pictures on natural cloth dyed by natural dyes and an article manufactured by the method are provided to attain various kinds of articles such as a tourism souvenir, a handkerchief, an object of art, and so on made by printing and editing traditional pictures and other desired pictures on the natural cloth according to a silk screen manner. CONSTITUTION: The method for printing pictures on natural cloth comprises the steps of; dyeing the natural cloth with natural dyes; editing desired pictures by using CAD system; outputting the edited pictures into a film form; printing the output pictures onto the natural cloth dyed with the natural dyes according to a silk screen print method; applying steam to the printed cloth; tentering the steam processed cloth; and sewing and finishing the tentered cloth.
Patent KR-20020017591-A (KR)
Title: Electronic Gun and Fabrication Method for Cathode tube
Inventor: KANG BYEONG GYU
IPC: H01J29/48
Filed: 2000-08-31
Abstract: PURPOSE: An electron gun for CRT and a method for manufacturing the same are provided to efficiently control the over shoot and the under shoot on emitting electron beams by adjusting a piercing direction. CONSTITUTION: An in-line electrode gun includes a triode part, free focus lens parts, a focus electrode, and an anode electrode. The triode part includes a plurality of cathode electrodes for emitting electron beams, a first electrode(40) for adjusting emitting amount of electron beams, and a second electrode as an acceleration electrode. The free focus lens part includes two or more electrodes for focusing the electron beams. The focusing electrode forms a main lens so as to focus the electron beams to a screen. Projection parts(41a,42a) are formed at the periphery of the center electron beams through hole(41) and the outer electron beams through hole(42) in piercing direction. The center electron beams through hole and the outer electron beams through hole are formed in other direction.
Patent KR-20020020280-A (KR)
Title: A Linear Medium Sequential Access Control (LMSAC) Method for High-Speed Asynchronous Data Transmission
Inventor: CHO JAI HYUNG
IPC: H04L12/40
Filed: 2000-09-08
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for controlling a linear medium sequential access for high speed asynchronous data transmission is provided to allow many communication stations to share a high speed wired communication medium at 100Mbps or higher, and to perform MAC(Medium Access Control) to transmit asynchronous data cells. And the method allows guest stations to reserve data transmission sequence according to signals of a master station and transmit ATM(Asynchronous Transfer Mode) cells encapsuled to a data frame according to the reserved sequence. CONSTITUTION: A master station(110) transmits a master frame(160) every cycle. Guest stations(120,130,140,150) sequentially generate reservation signals to reserve frame transmission. When a slave station(150) starts to transmit a slave frame, the guest stations(120,130,140,150) transmit data frames in a reverse order of the reservation. The guest stations(120,130,140,150) observe a transmission cycle of the master frame(160) and decide a data output amount to prevent the transmission cycle from being delayed over a predetermined limit. Accordingly, the guest stations(120,130,140,150) decide the number of ATM cells to be transmitted at one time and encapsule the ATM cells to one data frame, securing the medium access of the guest stations(120,130,140,150) within a transmission delay time under a predetermined limit.