Patent GB-806892-A (GB)
Title: Control systems including analogue-to-digital converters
IPC: G06M1/276
Filed: 1955-12-15
Abstract: 806,892. Electric signalling systems. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION. Dec. 15, 1955 [Dec. 17, 1954], No. 36003/55. Class 40 (1). A closed loop servo system including means for comparing analogue input data and feedback analogue data and producing error data, comprises means for encoding said error data into digital data in a coded reflected number system, and conversion means responsive to the digital data for producing the feedback analogue data. In the reflected binary or reflected coded decimal systems only one code position changes from " 0 " to " 1 " or vice versa when the decimal equivalent changes by one unit, thus enabling the translation from an analogue shaft position to a digital output without stopping the code disc attached to the shaft. In the general arrangement, Fig. 1, a summing amplifier 20 receives an analogue voltage input Vi and provides a voltage Ve proportional to the servo system error which operates a reversible motor 21. The motor drives code drums 22 to produce a digital signal in either a reflected binary or reflected decimal system which controls a plurality of relays in a relay register 23. The relay register controls a translator which provides a digital output, and a converter which provides an analogue voltage Vf which is fed back to the amplifier 20 in phase opposition to the input voltage Vi. When Vf=Vi, Ve=0 and the system is at a null. Coding drums are described, Figs. 2 and 3 (not shown), for converting from a shaft position to an eight-digit reflected coded binary number, in which the drums are provided with raised areas representing the coding, which co-operate with a plurality of pivoted sensing fingers, one for each digit, to operate corresponding on-off switches. The operation of the switches applies potential to the appropriate terminals RBHO to RBH7, Fig. 4, to cause corresponding relays 43 to 50 to be energized. In the translator 24 the contacts 43a to 49a and 43b to 50b of relays 43 to 50 are arranged in a network as shown, the output, in the form of a conventional binary number being obtained at terminals BHO to BH7, or its complement at terminals CBHO to CBH7. In the converter 25, contacts 43c to 50d of relays 43 to 50 connect appropriate resistors R to 128R in series between a battery 52 and terminal AH, and between terminal AH and earth to provide a voltage on AH which is proportional to the decimal equivalent of the binary signals and is fed back to the input of the amplifier 20. Capacitor 53 removes unwanted alternating currents. In an alternative arrangement of the converter, Fig. 5 (not shown), the resistors are connected in parallel instead of in series. Figs. 6a, 6b, 6c show an arrangement in which a reflected coded decimal system, in which each of the units, tens, and hundreds, positions is in the form of a 2-4-2-1 code according to a table given in Fig. 11 (not shown) is used, Fig. 6c showing the circuitry associated with the units position, and Figs. 6b and 6a the circuitry associated with the tens and hundreds respectively. The input voltage Vi is applied to a summing amplifier 60 whose output is applied via contact 1a, controlled by isolation relay I, to a reversible motor 61 controlling code cam-operated contacts UCO to UC3, through Geneva mechanism 65 and reduction gear 66 controlling cam-operated contacts TCO to TC3, and through similar mechanism 70 and 72 cam-operated contacts HCO to HC3. Closure of any of contacts UCO to UC3 causes corresponding normally cut-off valves VUO to VU3 to conduct and energize appropriate relays UO to U3. A reading cycle takes place on application of a " read " input signal to relay 103, causing relay H to be energized through cam Y and contacts HUO to HU3, HTO to HT3, and HH0 to HH3, to be transferred. Shortly after, relay I is energized through cam Z and opens the circuit between the code cams and the relay register, and contacts HU0 to HU3 cause the number in the relay register to remain unchanged for the remainder of the reading operation. Transfer contacts UOb &c. of units relays U0 to U3 in the converter stage connect in appropriate R R R resistors of values -; -; -; and R, and 2 4 2 similar contacts of the tens and hundreds relays connect in resistors of respectively onetenth and one-hundredth the value of the corresponding units order resistances, the resultant analogue voltage being fed back to the amplifier 60. In order to convert from a reflected coded decimal numbers system to a coded decimal numbers system, it is necessary for the units order to look at the hundreds and tens order coded decimal numbers and for the tens order to look at the hundreds order coded decimal number. The units order coded decimal number is translated as its true value if the hundreds and tens order are both odd or both even, and is translated as its nines complement if the hundreds and tens order are even and odd or odd and even, respectively. The tens order coded decimal number is translated as its true value or as its nines complement if the hundreds order coded decimal number is even or odd respectively. The code structure is such that the nines complement is obtained by inversion of the first code position, for which purpose relay XU, which is responsive to the tens and hundreds networks, and relay XT, which is responsive to the hundreds network, are provided. Shortly after cam Z operates to energize relay I and isolate the relays UO to H3 from the 'code contacts UC0 &c., camoperated contacts COa to C9a are sequentially operated and apply potential to lines 90 to 99 respectively. There is only one complete circuit through each of the units, tens, and hundreds translators, to the output terminals 100, 101 and 102, respectively, and the contacts COa &c. which complete the circuit for each order indicate the corresponding decimal digits.