Patent GB-1179410-A (GB)
Title: A Two-channel Correlator System
IPC: G06G7/19
Filed: 1966-12-08
Abstract: 1,179,410. Radar. NORTH AMERICAN ROCKWELL CORP. 8 Dec., 1966 [8 Dec., 1965], No. 55065/66. Heading H4D. [Also in Division G1] In a two-channel correlator system for determining the optimum delay interval for maximizing the correlation function of two signals applied respectively to the two channels and of a type embodying I.F. stages, each channel has a mixer each having locally generated oscillations at a common frequency applied thereto, the stages following each mixer operating at a common I.F. Two generators together with third and fourth mixers are used to provide the locally generated oscillations. In order to reduce the differential phase shift between the outputs of the two channels, introduced by the delay interval, ancillary phase shifting arrangements are provided to enable a phase shift in the output from one of the oscillators to one of the third or fourth mixers to be effected. The correlator system may be of the type used in a passive altimeter, where directly received galactic noise passed to a first channel is correlated with noise reflected from the ground and passed into a second channel and delay in the first channel is adjusted until maximum correlation between the two channel outputs is obtained, the adjustment then indicating the height. Much improved sensitivity is obtained by operating the system at an I.F. frequency, but beating the signals in the channels with the signal from a local oscillator introduces variable-phase shifts as the delay is adjusted which confuses the correlator output. It is therefore arranged that the local oscillator signal is variably phase shifted in synchronism with the delay in the first channel, to overcome this difficulty. The reference and test inputs signals are applied to the two channels at 33, 34 (Fig. 7) respectively and are passed through filters 36, 37 tuned to a centre frequency W 1  of 150 Mc/s. Thereafter the signals are mixed at 31, 32 with 190 Mc/s. load oscillator signals from the mixers 39, 40, and the 40 Mc/s. signals thus derived are passed to the correlator unit 71, an adjustable delay 16 being incorporated in the first channel. To derive the 190 Mc/s. local oscillator frequency, a local oscillator 35 producing 230 Mc/s. has its output mixed with that from an oscillator 38 producing the 40 Mc/s. I.F. itself. Before being mixed to form the local oscillator signal for the test channel, this I.F. is passed through an adjustable delay 41, which is synchronized in its adjustment with the delay 16. This ensures that the phase shifts in the I.F. signals in the two channels are kept in step. Correlator unit 71.-The outputs from the channels 45, 46 are added at 48 and passed through a square-law detector 49, the output from which is gated into a summing integrator 53 or is inverted and gated at a different time into the integrator. The gates are operated in antiphase by a 1 kcs square wave generator 58 which also controls a ring modulator 57 in the reference channel which periodically inverts the signal in that channel. Thus the sum and difference of the two signals to be correlated are alternately derived at 48 and squared in the detector 49. By passing the signals through either the gate 50 or inverter 56 and gate 54 according as to whether they are sum or difference signals, the resultant signal at the summing integrator 53 is related only to their product, and the integrator, operating with a cycle time of about 0À3 seconds, produces the required correlation signal as an output. In order that the delay 16 should be adjusted automatically in the proper direction two correlators may be used at the channel outputs, one having a fixed small delay in the reference channel relative to the other (Fig. 9, not shown). The outputs from the two are subtracted, and any difference used to control an integrating motor which adjusts the delay 16. When the difference is zero, each correlator is producing an equal output, one on each side of the peak correlation output valve.