Patent GB-1253879-A (GB)
Title: Fuel metering, speed control, and nozzle positioning control for a gas turbine engine
IPC: F02K1/16
Filed: 1969-04-15
Abstract: 1,253,879. Gas turbine engine fuel systems. CHANDLER EVANS Inc. April 15, 1969 [April 16, 1968], No. 19297/69. Heading F1G. The invention relates to a fuel metering, speed governing and inlet nozzle position control for a gas turbine engine, the engine being of the kind comprising a separate power turbine, the inlet of which is controlled by variable inlet nozzles. The control system is shown in Figs. 2A and 2B and comprises a fuel pump 2 to which fuel is supplied at boost pressure P E  from a boost pump not shown, fuel passing from pump 2 through lines 3, 87, 171, 179, 54, 190, 191, 192 to the combustion equipment. A metering head pressure regulator 41 is provided through which fuel may be by-passed from line 3 to line 59 back to the boost pump at pressure P B . Three variable orifices in flow series 84, 111 and 174 are provided in the lines 80, 87, 171, 179, the variable orifice 84 being controlled in dependence on temperature T 5  of air discharging from the heat exchanger, orifice 111 being controlled in dependence on compressor inlet temperature T 1  and orifice 174 being controlled in dependence on ambient pressure sensed by bellows 172. A fuel by-pass valve 142 is provided whereby fuel in line 191 may be bypassed back to boost pump pressure P B  through chamber 253 in dependence on power turbine speed and speed selection. A device 17 is provided to establish a fuel pressure P N  which is proportional to speed of the gas generator section. A similar device (not shown), is provided to establish a fuel pressure P PT  proportional to speed of the power turbine which pressure is applied through line 155 to chamber 154 of the governor device 158. A pressure selector valve 130 is provided, which selects the highest pressure prevailing in three lines 120, 138, 139 and passes the highest pressure P x  through line 216 to chamber 219 of power turbine inlet nozzle actuator 221, the activator comprising a piston 234 which controls the position of the nozzles. The governor assembly 158 comprises a lever 148 pivotally mounted on an axially movable piston member 149, the lever being acted on at its mid-portion by a cam member 153 which is controlled by the speed selector lever 254, and at its left hand end by a spring 146 which bears against a diaphragm 145 which defines a chamber 141, the by-pass valve member 142 being connected to the diaphragm 145. The spring 146 is also controlled by a High Idle solenoid 201 which when de-energized allows the spring 258 to further compress the spring 146 so causing the by-pass valve 142 to move downwardly reducing by-pass of fuel and increasing fuel flow to the combustion equipment. The chamber 141 below diaphragm 145 is supplied with fuel at pressure P NT  through a line 120, this pressure being derived from the gas generator speed pressure transducer 17. At starting, the lever 254 positions the cam 153 as shown so that the low rise portions contact the rollers 152, 162, the valve member 161 is in its lower, closed position and the lever 148 is in its upper position as is the by-pass valve 142 so that maximum fuel is by-passed through chamber 253 back to boost pressure P B . The valve member 158 is in its upper position since no pressure prevails in chamber 154 above diaphragm 157 so that line 139 communicates through open valve 158 with line 300, the line 300 communicating with line 165 which communicates with chamber 200 of retard valve 194. The solenoid 197 is energized at starting so that valve 196 is open to boost pressure P B . Servo pressure communicated through restriction 250 passes to chamber 164 and lines 139, 300, 165 to chamber 200 and so to boost pressure so that a certain pressure less than servo pressure is generated in line 139 which is communicated through line 139 and port 133 to pressure selector valve 130, this pressure being transmitted through line 216 to lower side of diaphragm 223 of power turbine nozzle actuator 221. Movement of the diaphragm 223 positions servo-valve 229 which in turn controls movements of piston 234 and thus the turbine nozzles to the desired "start" position. At the High Idle position of the lever 254, the solenoid 201 is de-energized so that spring 258 causes spring 146 to be compressed so moving by-pass valve 142 downwardly thus decreasing the quantity of fuel by-passed to boost pressure. At normal operating speeds the pressure P PT  supplied to chamber 154 causes diaphragm 157 to move valve 158 downwardly so closing off communication between lines 139 and 300 but the valve 161 is now in the upward open position so that chamber 164 and servo pressure P S  communicate with line 165 and chamber 200. In the event of excess speed the pressure P PT  in chamber 154 moves valve 158 downwardly so as to establish communication between lines 210 and 168 so that servo pressure P s  acts in line 168 and moves piston 149 downwardly against loading of spring 151. The lever 148 is pivotally mounted on piston 149 so the loading on spring 146 is reduced and by-pass valve 142 rises to open by-pass 253 back to boost pump. Fluidpressure P N  responsive to speed of the gas generator is supplied to line 39 and thence to land 115 of speed pressure switch 40 and to chamber 70 of metering head pressure regulator 41, the valve 58 of which controls flow of fuel in line 3 at the outlet of pump 1 back through line 59 in the boost pump. Pressure P N  applied to land 115 moves valve spool 116 to the right so cutting off communication between lines 118 and 77 through which servo pressure P s  had been communicated to chamber 71 of pressure regulator 41. The movement of the valve spool 116 to the right places lines 113, 119 in communication with each other and with servo pressure P s  supplied through restriction 252 so that the valve member 105 is pressure balanced. Compressor inlet temperature T 1  is sensed by sensor 94 and causes rotation of lever arm 96 and movement of valve member 98 to restrict passage 119; rotation of lever arm 96 may increase loading of spring 99 and so downward movement of valve 112 also of flow metering valve 111. Movement of valve 112 varies pressure P N  supplied from line 39 and restriction 42 through line 120 to boost pressure outlet from valve 112, the resulting pressure P NT  being communicated to pressure selector valve 130 at inlet 131. The pressure P NT  is also supplied through line 120 to chamber 141 below diaphragm 145 of governor valve 142. Servo pressure P s  is also supplied through restriction 206 and line 203 to chamber 205 of governor valve 142 and when the valve 142 is in its lower, minimum by-pass position, chamber 205 communicates with chamber 208 and so with line 138, the line 138 being connected through restriction 138A with boost pressure P B , so that a certain pressure is established in line 138 which is communicated to inlet 132 of pressure selector valve 130. Servo pressure P s  in line 118 is also communicated to chambers 186, 258 of pressurizing valves 180, 193 so that the valves ensure a predetermined pressure in the fuel supply lines 54, 191. When the engine is fitted in a motor vehicle, means are provided to assist braking of the vehicle as follows. The retard solenoid 194 is de-energized so closing the valve 196 and outlets from lines 165, 300 so that servo pressure P s  prevails in line 139 which pressure is communicated to inlet 133 of pressure selector valve 130, this pressure being the greatest acts on the diaphragm 223 and causes the piston 234 to move the turbine nozzles to a braking position. The selector lever 254 may then be moved to the max position so that more fuel is supplied to the gas generator, the increased combustion gases acting on the power turbine to increase the braking effect. The operation of the gas generator speed pressure transducer 17, the servo pressure regulator 6 and the enrichment valve 44 are described in Specification 1, 253, 880.