Patent GB-1011110-A (GB)
Title: Radio navigational aids
Inventor: HAMPTON DONALD EDWARD
IPC: G01S5/14
Filed: 1962-03-14
Abstract: 1,011,110. Radio position finders. MINISTER OF AVIATION. March 19, 1963 [March 14, 1962; Dec. 31, 1962], Nos. 9774/62 and 49022/62. Heading H4D. Radio navigational apparatus for use in a mobile craft to obtain an indication of the position thereof from signals received from at least three geographically spaced transmitting stations of stable frequency, comprises stable oscillator means for providing a reference frequency signal, phase comparator means for comparing separately the phase of signals derived from at least three received signals with the phases of signals derived from the reference frequency signal, to provide a corresponding number of separate outputs, and means for controlling the stable oscillator means to adjust the phase of the reference frequency signal so that the outputs of the phase comparison means are as nearly as possible compatible with the navigational apparatus being in a single geographical location. In the embodiment of Fig. 3, signals at frequencies of 16 kc/s., 17 kc/s. and 18 kc/s. are received from spaced transmitters T1, T2 and T3, Fig. 2(a), respectively, by antennµ A1, A2 and A3 respectively, and are amplified in high Q tuned amplifiers R31, R32 and R33. The signals are mixed in mixers M1, M2 and M3 with signals from local oscillators LO.1, LO.2 and LO.3 and passed, via I.F. amplifiers I1, I2 and I3 to phase detectors P1, P2 and P3. A 5 Mc/s. overtone oscillator feeds a signal via a goniometer type phase shifter G, to a frequency divider and pulse generator D which produces pulses at a p.r.s. of 1000 p.p.s These pulses are fed to high Q amplifiers, R34, R35 and R36 such that they produce signals at frequencies of 16 kc/s., 17 kc/s. and 18 kc/s. respectively. These signals are frequency changed in their respective mixers M4, M5 and M6, using the same respective local oscillators as the mixers M1, M2 and M3, and are fed to the second inputs of the respective phase detector P1, P2 and P3. The chains R31, M1, I1 and R34, M4, I4 are constructed to be substantially identical. This is also true of the other pairs of chains. The output of phase detector P1 indicates a phase difference # 1  between the signal received from transmitter T1 and the signal derived from the local oscillator O1, which is related to a measured distance d 1 <SP>1</SP> between the said transmitter and the craft by:- If the local oscillator has a frequency f then the phase shift of the n 1  harmonic thereof, (n 1 f= f 1 ), caused by a phase shift # in the local oscillator signal, is n 1 #. The phase difference # 1  is therefore in error by n 1 # and the true distance d 1  is thus similar equations hold for the transmitters T2 and T3, viz.: If (x, y) are the true co-ordinates of the craft and (x 1 , y 1 ). (x 2 , y 2 ) and (x 3 , y 3 ) are the coordinates of the transmitters T1 to T3 then The signals from the phase detectors representing d 1 <SP>1</SP>, d 2 <SP>1</SP> and d 3 <SP>1</SP> are fed to a computor C which also has the values of x 1  to xa, and y 1  to y 3 . Approximate values of x and y are also known from previous determinations, and thus the three above equations can be solved for #. The computer thus feeds a signal proportional to # to the goniometer G such that the phase shift # tends to zero, whence the co-ordinates x and y are calculated and shown or printed at computer output X. In a modification of the above arrangement, if arcs a, b and c of radii d 2 <SP>1</SP>, d 3 <SP>1</SP> and d 1 <SP>1</SP> respectively are drawn with centres at T2, T3 and T1, a triangular figure of intersection is formed having angles , #B and #C. Approximating this figure into a triangle, its in-radius r is given by The values of , #B and #C, and a are calculated in the computer from the output of the threephase detectors, enabling r to be calculated. The computer feeds a signal to the goniometer such that the value of r tends to zero. The three arcs then cross at the true position Z1 of the craft which can be displayed at output X. If the craft lies between two of the transmitters, the arcs do not form a closed figure. In this case the phase shift of the goniometer is adjusted until the sum of d 1 <SP>1</SP> and d 2 <SP>1</SP> say, equals the distance between the transmitters T1 and T2. In another embodiment, Fig. 4, working with m transmitter stations, the computer C1 estimates the position of the craft from previous data and feeds the corresponding distances e 1  to e m  to the transmitters T1 to Tm, to a position store S. The phase detector outputs representing the measured inaccurate distances d 1 <SP>1</SP> to d m <SP>1</SP> are fed to the computer together with the stored distances. The computer calculates the squared error e<SP>2</SP> where and also the position giving a set of distances b 1  to b m  resulting in a minimum value of e<SP>2</SP>. These new values are fed to the store to replace the original values of e 1  to e m . The computer now calculates an error value S where The computer passes a signal proportional to # to the goniometer G producing a phase shift such that 8 tends to zero. New values of e<SP>2</SP> and 8 are calculated and the new values of b 1  to b m  are given out at the output X of the computer as the best estimated position of the craft. If the transmitters transmit in a time shared sequence only one phase-detector is necessary. The store S may store positions with the output X taken therefrom and may form a physical part of the computer. The calculations may be made in terms of phase angles. The stable oscillators may be controlled directly in phase. Specification 997,708 is referred to.