Patent GB-645752-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the production of cleansing compositions in solid form
IPC: C11D9/26
Filed: 1946-07-15
Abstract: A cleansing composition in solid form is obtained by coagulating an aqueous dispersion of cellulosic material in the presence of soap or soap substitute and drying the water-soluble coagulated material.  An aqueous dispersion of cellulose ethers such as methyl, ethyl or hydroxy alkyl cellulose or of alkali metal salts of carboxy alkyl cellulose may be employed, while soap substitutes mentioned are sulphonated fatty alcohols, sulphonated aliphatic hydrocarbons and condensation products of fatty alcohols and ethylene oxide.  The saponaceous material may be present in the aqueous dispersion of cellulosic material which is coagulated or alternatively it may be present in the liquid coagulating bath if such is used.  Coagulation may be effected by bringing the aqueous dispersion of cellulosic material into contact with a coagulating electrolyte solution such as a solution of sodium chloride, potassium carbonate, caustic potash or (in the case where the cellulosic material is dispersed in aqueous alkali) acetic acid, or coagulation may be effected by the action of heat. In the latter case either a hot liquid bath or hot gas may be employed.  The hot gas will not only coagulate the aqueous dispersion of cellulosic material but will also dry the water-soluble coagulated material.  Filling materials such as kaolin, talcum, starch, dextrin, sugar and bentonite, scouring powders such as powdered quartz, hygroscopic salts, and other usual adjuvants such as alkalis, perfumes and super-fatting agents, may be added to the aqueous dispersion of cellulosic material before coagulation.  The cleansing composition may be made in the form of cakes, flakes, grains, straws, strips or sheets and the aqueous dispersion of cellulosic material may be extruded in the desired form into the coagulating medium. Grains may be produced by dropping the aqueous dispersion of cellulosic material into the coagulating medium.  Cakes may be produced by compressing the water-soluble coagulated material in moulds immediately after coagulation or alternatively by compressing the aqueous dispersion of cellulosic material in moulds and coagulating it while therein.  In particular, the aqueous dispersion of cellulosic material may be coagulated by heat while in a heated press.  Extruded threads or ribbons may be coagulated and dried on the surface of a heated revolving drum.  In examples: (1) a mixture of soap substitute known under the trade name of Kalunit A, kaolin and aqueous methyl cellulose solution with or without scouring sand, is coagulated by the addition of potassium carbonate solution and pressed into cakes; alternatively a solution of methyl cellulose in caustic potash is used and coagulation effected by the addition of acetic acid; (2) a mixture of soap substitute known under the Registered Trade Mark "Igepol," and aqueous methyl cellulose solution is put into moulds and pressed in the presence of boiling water or steam; the coagulated pieces are then dried and (3) a mixture of sodium lauryl sulphate, aqueous methyl cellulose and starch or dextrine is extruded in thread form into hot air or sodium chloride solution; in the latter case the coagulated threads are washed and dried.  Specifications 488,291 and 582,639, [both in Group III], are referred to.ALSO:A cleansing composition in solid form is obtained by coagulating an aqueous dispersion of cellulosic material in the presence of soap or soap-substitute and drying the water-soluble coagulated material.  An aqueous dispersion of cellulose ethers such as methyl, ethyl or hydroxyalkyl cellulose or of alkali metal salts of carboxyalkyl cellulose may be employed, while soap substitutes mentioned are sulphonated fatty alcohols, sulphonated aliphatic hydrocarbons and condensation products of fatty alcohols and ethylene oxide.  The saponaceous material may be present in the aqueous dispersion of cellulosic material which is coagulated or alternatively it may be present in the liquid coagulating bath if such is used.  Coagulation may be effected by bringing the aqueous dispersion of cellulosic material into contact with a coagulating electrolyte solution, such as a solution of sodium chloride, potassium carbonate, caustic potash or (in the case where the cellulosic material is dispersed in aqueous alkali) acetic acid, or coagulation may be effected by the action of heat. In the latter case, either a hot liquid bath or hot gas may be employed.  The hot gas will not only coagulate the aqueous dispersion of cellulosic material but will also dry the water-soluble coagulated material. Filling materials such as kaolin, talcum, starch, dextrin, sugar, and bentonite, scouring powders such as powdered quartz, hygroscopic salts, and other usual adjuvants such as alkalis, perfumes and super-fatting agents, may be added to the aqueous dispersion of cellulosic material before coagulation.  The cleansing composition may be made in the form of cakes, flakes, grains, straws, strips or sheets, and the aqueous dispersion of cellulosic material may be extruded in the desired form into the coagulating medium.  Grains may be produced by dropping the aqueous dispersion of cellulosic material into the coagulating medium.  Cakes may be produced by compressing the water-soluble coagulated material in moulds immediately after coagulation or alternatively by compressing the aqueous dispersion of cellulosic material in moulds and coagulating it while therein.  In particular, the aqueous dispersion of cellulosic material may be coagulated by heat while in a heated press.  Extruded threads or ribbons may be coagulated and dried on the surface of a heated revolving drum.  In examples: (1) a mixture of soap substitute known under the trade name of Kalunit A, kaolin and aqueous methyl cellulose solution with or without scouring sand, is coagulated by the addition of potassium carbonate solution and pressed into cakes; alternatively a solution of methyl cellulose in caustic potash is used and coagulation effected by the addition of acetic acid; (2) a mixture of soap substitute known under the Registered Trade Mark "Igepal and aqueous methyl cellulose solution, is put into moulds and pressed in the presence of boiling water or steam; the coagulated pieces are then dried; and (3) a mixture of sodium lauryl sulphate, aqueous methyl cellulose and starch or dextrine is extruded in thread form into hot air or sodium chloride solution; in the latter case the coagulated threads are washed and dried. Specifications 488,291 and 582,639 are referred to.  According to the second Provisional Specification, instead of an aqueous dispersion of cellulosic material, a dispersion of the cellulosic material in a non-volatile liquid such as glycerine or glycol may be employed.