Patent GB-1074996-A (GB)
Title: Woven fabric
IPC: D04H13/00
Filed: 1965-07-23
Abstract: A non-woven fabric comprises at least 10% by weight of synthetic fibres; one surface of the fabric is mechanically heat smoothed and densified to partially fuse the fibres but not to such an extent that there is any noticeable coalescence of the surface fibres or any brittle, film-like areas.  The fabric is preferably formed from 17% by weight of polypropylene fibres, the balance of the fibre content being viscose fibres, and is preferably a random air-laid web with a latex binder added to bond the fibres at their cross-over points. The non-woven fabric is particularly applicable as a reinforcing medium for a foamed elastomer carpet underlay.  After formation, the non-woven web (20) is calendered between rolls (11), (12), each of which may be either hot or cold, Fig. 3 (not shown); the web then passes to an adhesive bath (16) formed in the nip of two rolls (14), (15), the roll (14) being a stainless steel driven roll and the roll (15) a free turning rubber roll.  One surface of the impregnated web may then be sprayed with, e.g. a dye with minimum penetration or a pigment binder.  The web is then dried on twin rolls (19), (21), hot air passing in opposite directions through the web, before being subjected to the surface smoothing cure.  To effect smoothing of the surface, the web is passed through the nip of a pair of rollers (22), (23), the roller (22) being a heated metal roller, and the roll (23) being a resilient wool and cotton filled roller; the roller (22) may also be an embossing roller to impart shallow depressions to the surface of the web.  The smoothing cure also activates the added latex, which may be an emulsion or dispersion of a thermoplastic polymer with an additive to assist penetration, and thus bonds the fibres of the web at their cross-over points.  The non-woven web may then be cooled and rolled up.  In the manufacture of carpet underlay, the compounded mixture of the components of the elastomer layer are passed to a calender stack and the issuing sheet (31) is led to a chain grate conveyor (35) or suitable mould which imparts a configured section to the sheet.  In the preferred embodiment, Fig. 3 (not shown), the upper run of the conveyor passes between a series of steam heated platens (36), (37) and (38).  In passing through the first set of platens, the elastomer, preferably rubber, is caused to foam; the non-woven web is then introduced on top of the elastomer, with the smooth surface adjacent the elastomer.  The laminated structure is carried between a further set of platens, whilst supported by an endless stainless steel or polytetrafluoroethylene coated woven glass sheet, where the elastomer reaches a plastic stage, and the latex binder of the non-woven web also reaches a plastic stage so the surfaces are chemically bonded.  The laminated structure then passes through an oven, to effect the final degassing of the elastomer, and is then cooled and rolled up.  The non-woven web may be introduced prior to entry into the first set of platens. The non-woven web preferably consists of 80% crimped viscose fibres and 20% polypropylene fibres, and the elastomer layer may be natural, synthetic or reclaimed rubber, polyvinyl chloride or polyurethane having a blown density of 1-50 lbs./cu. ft.