Patent GB-343899-A (GB)
Title: Improved process for the production of wetting, cleansing and dispersing agents
IPC: D06M13/402
Filed: 1929-08-07
Abstract: Sulphonated carboxyamides obtained by treating aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, including derivatives containing an aromatic hydrocarbon radical directly connected to a carbon atom, with ammonia or primary aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aliphaticaromatic amines which are free from aliphatic alcoholic groups, and also from aromatic nuclei having a substituent other than a sulphonic group, and sulphonating if the resulting carboxyamide does not contain any, or an insufficient quantity of sulphonic or sulphuric ester groups, are used as dispersing agents for insoluble substances, e.g. alkaline earth metal soaps and colouring materials and as scouring agents. Examples: (1) oleic acid is converted into its amide and sulphonated with concentrated sulphuric acid, with or without trichlorethylene as a diluent: (2) oleic methyl ester dissolved in alcohol is condensed with ethylamine and similarly sulphonated: (3) oleic amide is sulphonated, in ether, with chlorsulphuric acid: (4) coco oil fatty acid chloride is condensed with sodium taurine.  The product is a washing and scouring agent: (5) castor oil dissolved in alcohol is treated with ammonia and the resulting amide sulphonated in ether or ethylacetate with chlorsulphonic acid: (6) ricinoleicamide prepared as in the preceding example is sulphonated with gaseous sulphur trioxide whilst dissolved in liquid sulphur dioxide: (7) hydroxystearic methylester is heated with ammonia under pressure and sulphonated with a mixture of acetic anhydride and sulphuric monohydrate: (8) ricinoleic methylester is sulphonated and treated with ammonia under pressure.  The product is a cleansing and emulsifying agent: (9) fused ricinoleic amide is sulphonated in ether with chlorsulphonic acid.  The following starting materials are also specified: synthetic fatty acids obtained by the oxidation of high-molecular hydrocarbons such as paraffin wax, resinic acids, naphthenic acids, long chain fatty acids having an aromatic hydrocarbon radical directly connected to the carbon chain, lactic, sulphoacetic, caproic and propionic acids, oleic sulphonic acid, oleic sulphonic methyl ester, oleicmethylestersulphuricester, ricinoleic sulphuric ester and palmitic monosodium sulphonate, ethylamine, n-butylamine, hexylamine, cetylamine, cyclohexylamine and benzylamine.  The sulphonated carboxyamides may be used alone or in association with other wetting or emulsifying agents such as soaps, turkey red oils, sulphonic acids (particularly polynuclear sulphonic acids), hydroxyalkylamines, quaternary ammonium salts and bases, protective colloids, e.g. glue, gelatine, vegetable mucilages or gums, salts, e.g. soda, sodium bicarbonate, waterglass, common salt, normal or acid sodium sulphate, organic solvents, e.g. monocresylethyleneglycolether, trichlorethylene or bleaching agents, e.g. perborates, percarbonates, p-toluenesulphonic chloramidesodium salt or mixtures thereof.ALSO:Sulphonated carboxyamides are obtained by treating aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, including derivatives containing an aromatic hydrocarbon radical directly connected to a carbon atom, with ammonia or primary aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aliphatic-aromatic amines which are free from aliphatic alcoholic groups, and also from aromatic nuclei having a substituent other than a sulphonic group, and sulphonating if the resulting carboxyamide does not contain any, or an insufficient quantity of sulphonic or sulphuric ester groups. The condensation is performed in the absence of a metal halide, and the sulphonation may be performed in the presence of diluents, e.g. carbontetrachloride, trichlorethylene, nitrobenzene, or acetic acid and of water binding agents such as anhydrides or chlorides of organic or inorganic acids.  The products are described as wetting, cleansing, emulsifying and dispersing agents and may be used as assistants in all branches of the textile and allied industries.  In examples: (1) oleic acid is converted into its amide and sulphonated with concentrated sulphuric acid with or without trichlorethylene as a diluent; (2) oleic methyl ester dissolved in alcohol is condensed with methylamine and similarly sulphonated; (3) oleic amide is sulphonated, in ether, with chlorsulphonic acid; (4) coco oil fatty acid chloride is condensed with sodium taurine.  The product is a washing and scouring agent; (5) castor oil dissolved in alcohol is treated with ammonia, and the resulting amide, sulphonated in ether or ethylacetate with chlorsulphonic acid; (6) ricinoleicamide prepared as in the preceding example is sulphonated with gaseous sulphur trioxide whilst dissolved in liquid sulphur dioxide; (7) hydroxystearic methylester is heated with ammonia under pressure and sulphonated with a mixture of acetic anhydride and sulphuric monohydrate; (8) ricinoleicmethylester is sulphonated and treated with ammonia under pressure.  The product is a wetting, cleansing and emulsifying agent; (9) fused ricinoleic amide is sulphonated in ether with chlorsulphonic acid.  The following starting materials are also specified: synthetic fatty acids obtained by the oxidation of high-molecular hydrocarbons such as paraffin wax, resinic acids, naphthenic acids, long chain fatty acids having an aromatic hydrocarbon radical directly connected to the carbon chain, lactic, sulphoacetic caproic and propionic acids, oleic sulphonic acid, oleic sulphonic methylester (obtained by sulphonating oleic methylester with chlorsulphonic acid), oleic methylestersulphuricester (obtained by acting with dimethylsulphate upon the sodium salt of oleic sulphuric ester), ricinoleic sulphuric ester and palmitic monosodium sulphonate, ethylamine, n-butylamine, hexylamine, cetylamine, cyclohexylamine and benzylamine.  The sulphonated carboxyamides may be used alone or in association with other wetting or emulsifying agents such as soaps, turkey-red oils, sulphonic acids (particularly polynuclear sulphonic acids), hydroxyalkylamines, quaternary ammonium salts and bases, protective colloids, e.g. glue, gelatine, vegetable mucilages or gums, salts, e.g. soda, sodium bicarbonate, waterglass, common salt, normal or acid sodium sulphate, organic solvents, e.g. monocresylethyleneglycolether, trichlorethylene or bleaching agents, e.g. perborates, percarbonates, p-toluenesulphonic chloramidesodium salt or mixtures thereof. The products, which are stable in neutral, acid or alkaline baths, possess a high levelling power and may be used for dispersing or emulsifying insoluble substances such as alkaline-earth soaps, dyestuffs or other colouring materials, fats or waxes.