Patent GB-1149005-A (GB)
Title: Method of and apparatus for making a reinforced hollow plastics article
Inventor: RICHARDSON HENRY MARTYN
IPC: B29C53/60
Filed: 1966-04-13
Abstract: 1,149,005. Plastics tubes; electromagnetic control of brakes. YOUNGSTOWN SHEET & TUBE CO. 13 April, 1966, No. 16169/66. Headings F2E and F2P. A method of making a tubular article comprises forming a preform P by winding a plurality of layers 209 of tape in different helical directions, the tape comprising a carrier strip having, on one side thereof, a plurality of parallel longitudinal reinforcing strands which are substantially non-stretchable and a thermosetting binder, enclosing the preform within a peripherally confining mould 715, 716, Fig. 26, having a larger diameter than the outer diameter of the preform, introducing fluid pressure into the interior of the preform to radially expand the wall thereof against the wall 715 of the mould and to radially outwardly compress the layers of the preform into firm contact with one another to densify the preform and change the helix angle of the helically wound tapes to permit the expansion of the wall of the preform and place the helically wound reinforcing strands under equal tension, and heating the preform, e.g. first with water and then with steam, in the space 717 of the mould to soften the binder to reduce resistance to change of helix angle of the tapes and to cure the binder, the heat and pressure being applied at least in part during a common time interval which includes the cure of the binder. Mandrel sections are first assembled together as at 14 and are introduced between toggle-operated jaws which are on carriers 103 on a moving, endless chain 104. The toggles are closed by cams when the carriers enter between side rails 108 and are opened when they leave them so that a continuous mandrel " M " is moved forward at constant speed. The plastics and paper strips, pretreated with adhesive, are then wound on to the mandrel from spools 209 which rotate around it, the winding devices for the glass-reinforced tapes having means for stripping off an interleaf which prevents the coils of tape from sticking together on the spool, and the tension in the winding being carefully controlled by electromagnetic braking mechanism. In this mechanism a rod (219), Fig. 9, not shown, is spring urged so that a roller (220) at its outer end, engages the tape roll (209), and is pivotally mounted to operate the spindle of a rheostat (223), Fig. 13, not shown, which is located in a circuit with a magnet (225) which acts upon a friction brake mounted on the spindle of the spool (209). In an electrical circuit for the brake, Fig. 15, one phase of a three-phase 550 V 60-cycle power supply is connected by conductors 234, 235 to a 550 : 120 step down transformer which leads, through start and stop buttons 238, 239 respectively, to a voltage control auto-transformer 240 connected to a transformer 241 which reduces the voltage to 0-34 V. An auto-transformer 244 can supply 0-34 V alternating current to a bridge rectifier 245 protected by a fuse 246, between 0-24 V direct current being supplied, through an ammeter 247, switch 248 and slip rings 249, 250, to the rheostat coils 223 leading to the magnets 225, so that the magnetic brakes 226 supply a friction torque to the spindles of the spools. The preformed tube P is carried on the mandrel past an electrical device 362 which, when affected by non-magnetic material which is present at the junctions only of the steel mandrel, causes an endless chain 342 to traverse an annular cutter-blade carrier 313-314 along guide rods 303 at the same speed as the mandrel. The blade carrier, which simultaneously rotates around the mandrel carries, on bell-crank levers, three wheel-cutters which move inwards to sever the tube at the mandrel junction 14 as it moves along the carrier then traverses back to its starting point. After cutting the severed tube with its associated length of mandrel supported on rollers 403, is held by an airoperated gripper at 415 which first accelerates them linearly to disconnect them from the part of the mandrel following and then lifts them sideways on to an inclined table (not shown). The ball and spring connector assembly is removed from the end of the mandrel section and is replaced by a closing plug and a plug through which pressure air can be admitted. The pressure air penetrates between the tube and the mandrel to separate them and then drives the mandrel out from the severed tube. The air admission plug is then removed and a perforated aluminium tube 701 enclosed in a plastics sock 704, Fig. 26, is inserted into the end of the tube. This assembly is enclosed in the jacketed split mould 714, 715 which supports the outside of the preformed tube whilst first the hot water, and then the steam under pressure is admitted to the inner, perforated tube to cure the preformed tube and consolidate its component windings. The assembly is finally cooled with water and dismantled to leave the finished cured tube.