baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-907846-A (GB)
Title: Semiconductors
IPC: C30B23/00
Filed: 1960-06-30
Abstract: In a method of producing a single crystal of silicon carbide containing a p-type region doped with aluminium or boron, by vaporizing a charge of SiC or the constituents thereof and the doping material and growing the crystal from the vapour, the concentration of Al or B in another region of the crystal, e.g. a transition region between p- and n-type regions, is limited by flowing a gas which is substantially free of acceptor impurity and is not significantly reactive with SiC but which is reactive with the Al or B dopant, in the vicinity of the crystal growth while the said other region is growing.  Examples of such a gas are Cl, p  F, and mixtures thereof with A, H, He, CO.  The crystal may be grown in accordance with the methods disclosed in Specifications 772,691 and 862,600.  In an example, commercially pure graphite and silicon, the latter containing 0,79% by weight of Al, are heated in a graphite crucible in argon at 2450 DEG C. for 1 1/2 hours, during which time p-type SiC crystals grow.  Then 20 cc./min. each of chlorine and argon in admixture are passed down a graphite tube to the region of growth for 1 hour, after which the assembly is cooled. In other examples, nitrogen is introduced into the system, the N content being progressively increased to 5% or more while the A-Cl mixture flows; crystals grown in these conditions have inner p-type regions and outer n-type regions.  Bodies of n-p-n and p-n types are obtained from the crystals by shaping.  Al- or B-doped SiC or mixtures of pure Si and C to which Al or B or a compound, e.g. oxide, thereof has been added, may be used as the charge; an Al or B concentration of 0,5 to 1,5% by weight is satisfactory.
Patent GB-665098-A (GB)
Title: Vacuum packaging
IPC: B65D81/20
Filed: 1947-08-19
Abstract: 665,098. Packaging; paper and like bags; hollow-ware. WINGFOOT CORPORATION. Aug. 19, 1947. [March 19, 1947] No. 23009/47. Addition to 556,586. Classes 66, 94(i) and 94(ii). In a modification of the vacuum package disclosed in the parent Specification, the packaging material is composed of one ply of regenerated cellulose and one ply of rubber hydrochloride film which are not bonded together by any intervening separate adhesive. The package may be heat sealed and have on its exterior a ply of strengthening material such as paper cloth, or open mesh fabric. The film may be coloured by pigment or dyestuff and/or contain a light stabilizer.
Patent GB-650149-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the production of cellulose acetate for use in moulding compositions
IPC: C08L1/12
Filed: 1948-09-01
Abstract: Precipitated secondary cellulose acetate is treated immediately prior to final drying with an aqueous solution containing an acid Group Ia or Group IIa metal salt of a polybasic acid having a pH p  within the range 60-7.5, and preferably within the range 6.4-7.0.  The Groups Ia and IIa referred to are those of the Periodic Classification.  The treated cellulose acetate possesses improved thermal and colour stability and is particularly useful for moulding compositions. Suitable salts are sodium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, the magnesium hydrogen phosphates and sodium dihydrogen citrate.  The water used for making up the solution should contain less than 20 parts per million total solids.  In an example 100 parts by weight of cellulose are converted to secondary cellulose acetate by reaction with acetic anhydride and sulphuric acid in conventional manner. To the stabilized ester containing about 300 parts of hard water is added a solution of 1.8 parts of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.25 parts of sodium hydroxide in 1500 parts of water containing less than 20 parts per million total solids.  After stirring for 1 hour, the liquor is drained off, the ester centrifuged to a mixture content of about 200 per cent and finally dried to a moisture content of about 4 per cent.
Patent GB-648802-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in variable speed belt gearing
Inventor: ROSE ALFRED GERMAN
IPC: F16H9/14
Filed: 1948-09-02
Abstract: 648,802. Expanding-pulley gear. ROSE BROS. (GAINSBOROUGH), Ltd. Sept. 2, 1948, No. 23140. [Class 80(ii)] The effective diameter of a driv ing pulley, having one fast conica flange 24 and an adjustably spring loaded axially-movable flange 26 and connected by a belt with ar invariable driven pulley, is variec by turning a plate 13, on which the driving motor 11 is eccentrically mounted, in a fixed housing-plat( 16 in which the support-plate 13 is screw-threaded at 14 to cause the motor and its pulley to move also in the axial direction oppositely to the movable flange 26 to maintair the belt-plane constant. The motor support-plate 13 is turned through pinion and sector 37, 36 by a handwheel 43. The fixed housing-plate 16 has slotted radial adjustment under its securing bolt-heads 18 for initial belt-tension adjustment.
Patent GB-804056-A (GB)
Title: Process for the production of discharge printed textile or knitted fabrics of regenerated cellulose
IPC: D06P5/15
Filed: 1956-07-26
Abstract: In the manufacture of discharge-printed textile or knitted fabrics of regenerated cellulose, yarns are produced by spinning a solution containing one or more water-insoluble, extremely finely dispersed, dyestuff pigments which can be destroyed and thereby removed by strong reducing agents, and the yarns are made up into a textile or knitted fabric to which a strong reducing agent, e.g. sodium hyposulphite, is applied at those parts from which it is desired to remove the dyestuff.  Preferably, the dyestuff is in a concentration of 1-5 per cent of the weight of the cellulose content of the spinning solution and has a particle size smaller than 5 m . Suitable dyestuffs are the reaction products of naphthols and diazotized aromatic amines obtained in finely dispersed form by coupling in the presence of emulsifiers, and dischargeable water-insoluble "Cellitan" dyestuffs ("Cellitan" is a Registered Trade Mark) obtained as suspensions by dissolving in alcohol and then mixing with water containing suitable emulsifiers.ALSO:Discharge-printed textile or knitted fabrics of regenerated cellulose are produced by spinning a solution containing one or more waterinsoluble, extremely finely dispersed, dyestuff pigments which can be destroyed and thereby removed by strong reducing agents, making up the yarn so obtained into a textile or knitted fabric, and applying a strong reducing agent, e.g. sodium hyposulphite, to those parts of the fabric from which it is desired to remove the dyestuff.  Preferably, the dyestuff is in a concentration of 1-5 per cent of the weight of the cellulose content of the spinning solution and has a particle size smaller than 5 m . Suitable dyestuffs are the reaction products of naphthols and diazotized aromatic amines obtained in finely dispersed form by coupling in the presence of emulsifiers, and dischargeable water-insoluble Cellitan dyestuffs ("Cellitan" is a Registered Trade Mark) obtained as suspensions by dissolving in alcohol and then mixing with water containing suitable emulsifiers.
Patent GB-917004-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the synthesis of urea
IPC: C07C273/04
Filed: 1960-07-01
Abstract: Urea is prepared by reacting carbon dioxide with excess ammonia, distilling reaction liquor at 10-30 atmospheres to remove a major portion of unreacted ammonia and carbon dioxide in gaseous form, concentrating the distillation residue by treating, at elevated temperature and pressure, with a carrier gas of ammonia, carbon dioxide or their mixture to remove water equivalent to that formed in the reaction, but leaving the unreacted ammonia and carbon dioxide contents of the liquors unchanged, cooling the concentrate to crystallize the urea, and removing the crystals.  The mother liquor after removal of the crystals is used to absorb part or all of the ammonia and carbon dioxide removed during distillation and the so enriched liquor is recycled.  Alternative flow diagrams are given together with the preferred conditions.
Patent GB-702616-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to catalysts
IPC: C07C51/31
Filed: 1951-10-05
Abstract: <PICT:0702616/IV(b)/1> Phthalic anhydride is prepared by oxidizing vaporized naphthalene in the presence of a fluidized catalyst comprising 40-75 per cent. calcined silica gel, 20-50 per cent. of a potassium sulphate, 3-25 per cent. of a vanadium oxide, and 0.05-5 per cent. silver and/or cerium oxide (see Group III).  A mixture of air and naphthalene passes from naphthalene vaporizer 10 via pipe 25 into reactor 1 where a fluidized bed of catalyst is maintained at a temperature of 330 DEG -370 DEG C.; additional air may be introduced at 27.  Filter 32 separates entrained catalyst which may be removed at 45, cooled, and returned to the reactor via vessel 4.  Reaction products pass through pipe 33, phthalic anhydride is taken off at 38 from the condenser 36, and maleic anhydride is recovered as maleic acid from the remaining gases by treating them with aqueous maleic acid solution in tower 40.ALSO:<PICT:0702616/III/1> A catalyst for use in the oxidation of vaporized naphthalene to phthalic anhydride by a fluidized catalyst process (see Group IV (b)) comprises 40-75 per cent. calcined silica gel, 20-25 per cent. of a potassium sulphate, 3-25 per cent. of a vanadium oxide, and 0.05-5 per cent. silver and/or cerium oxide.  The catalyst may be prepared by reacting an aqueous potassium silicate solution with aqueous sulphuric acid to produce a dispersion of 3-10 parts by weight of gelatinous silica in an aqueous solution containing 2-15 parts by weight of potassium sulphate, adding potassium or ammonium vanadate or vanadyl sulphate and silver or cerium nitrate, heating the dispersion at 50-85 DEG  C. for 1/2 -2 hours, concentrating by boiling to a solids content of 12-35 per cent., drying, calcining, and grinding to the required size. Alternatively the vanadium compound may be added to the potassium silicate solution, or during or after the heating step. Spherical particles may be obtained by spray-drying the fluid gel. Apparatus for producing phthalic anhydride comprises a naphthalene vaporizer 10 from which a mixture of air and naphthalene passes through pipe 25 to reactor 1 in which a fluidised bed of catalyst is maintained; additional air may be introduced at 27.  Filter 32 separates entrained catalyst which may be removed at 45, cooled, and returned to the reactor via vessel 4.  Phthalic anhydride is recovered from the reaction products leaving by pipe 33.
Patent GB-696987-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to multiple glass-to-metal seals for electron discharge devices
IPC: C03C27/04
Filed: 1951-10-05
Abstract: 696,987. Glass-to-metal seals. SHEPHERD, G. R. (Westinghouse Electric International Co.). Oct. 5, 1951, No. 23231/51. Class 36. A multi-seal envelope 11 for an electron discharge device is made by preparing a plurality of annular metal discs 13 for the application of vitreous material thereto, assembling a plurality of hollow vitreous envelope sections 12 alternately with the discs 13, vitreous material 15, having a lower softening temperature than the sections 12 and a coefficient of expansion matching that of the discs 13, being placed therebetween, then heating the assembly to soften the vitreous material 15 but not the sections 12, cooling to cause the vitreous material to seal the parts together simultaneously, and finally annealing the completed envelope. The members 13 may be prepared by pre-oxidization, sand-blasting or etching, and may be enamelled by firing on a layer 14 of powder glass, after which the welding glass 15 is applied and the coated discs assembled for sealing with the sections 12. The welding glass may be applied directly to the metal discs, and may be fired to form an enamel coating before the sealing process.
Patent GB-474817-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to carpet sweepers
IPC: A47L11/33
Filed: 1936-05-07
Abstract: 474,817. Carpet - sweepers. ENTWISLE & KENYON, Ltd., KENYON, R. W., and REDFEARN, J. P. May 7, 1936, No. 23252/37. Divided out of 476,932. [Class 138 (i)] Each of the floor wheels is carried on a stub axle B, Figs. 1 and 2, fixed to a rectangular plate M which has limited movement within two spaced plates M<1>, M<2> secured to the sweeper casing. The axle is engaged directly by a spring M3 which presses the wheel towards the brush pulley A<2>. In a modification shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the plate M is retained in place by a single plate M<5>, the edges of which are bent over. Specification 474,772 is referred to.
Patent GB-881219-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the manufacture of crystalline and porous slag bricks or blocks
IPC: C04B5/06
Filed: 1959-07-07
Abstract: A crystalline porous slag is produced by adding picrites, serpentines and/or similar rocks with a high hydrated mineral content to molten blast furnace slags or fly ash, stirring the molten mass and slowly cooling.  The other rocks and minerals specified are: picritic green earth, saxonite, harzburgite, diabase, melaphyre, chlorite, talc and sericite, schists, phyllite, glanconite, limonite, chamositic or thurmgitic irons ores, bauxite and various tuffs.  From 5% to 30% by weight of these rocks may be added, preferably in the form of granules of 3 to 6 millimetres in size.
Patent GB-202522-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to bituminous pavings
IPC: E01C7/18
Filed: 1922-08-28
Abstract: 202,522. Wallace, E. C. Aug. 28, 1922. Macadamized roads. - A road paving is constructed by laying a foundation mixture of bituminous cement and mineral aggregate, more than 60 per cent of the particles of which are onequarter inch in size or larger, and consolidating or welding on to its surface a mixture. of bituminous cement and mineral aggregate all the particles of which pass an eight-mesh screen, approximately 40 per cent passing also a fifty-mesh screen. The surface layer is from one-third to one-sixth the thickness of the foundation laver. Specifications 1568/73, 13168/00, 9297/02, and 18518/14 are referred to.
Patent GB-631457-A (GB)
Title: An improved process for the catalytic synthesis of hydrocarbons
IPC: C07C1/04
Filed: 1946-08-06
Abstract: Hydrocarbons are produced by contacting a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in synthesis proportions and under hydrocarbon synthesis conditions of temperature and pressure with a catalyst comprising a trivalent iron oxide and at least an equimolecular proportion of one or more oxides of one or more bivalent metals other than iron which will form a spinel type compound with said iron oxide or products obtained by reducing such mixtures.  Suitable bivalent metals are Mg, Zn, Mn, Cd, alkaline earth metals, Be and Cu.  With an excess of a bivalent component of low bulk density such as MgO, catalysts suitable for fluidized operation are obtained.  Promoters, such as compounds of K, Na, Li, Ba and Ca, and oxides of Al, Si, Cu, Mn or Cr, and stabilizers such as oxides of metals of the right-hand side of Groups 1, 2 and 3, especially CuO, may be present.  The oxides may be coprecipitated, dried, filled and roasted, and, if desired, reduced in hydrogen, and sintered.  Conventional synthesis conditions of 450-800 DEG  F., 3-25 atmos., H2 : CO ratios of 0.6-3 : 1, and space velocities of 100-2500 v./v./hr. are used. Examples compare the results of using Fe2O3 + MgO, ZnO or CaO with those of magnetite, and of a preferred catalyst: MgO 54, Fe2O3 40, CuO 5, and K2O 1 per cent with iron oxides alone or in various carriers with fixed bed or fluidized operation.
Patent GB-463171-A (GB)
Title: An improved foot rest
IPC: A47C7/50
Filed: 1936-08-26
Abstract: 463,171. Foot rests. DAVIS, H. C., and HERVE, J. W. Aug. 26, 1936, No. 23389. [Class 52 (ii)] A folding foot-rest comprises two arms A connected by friction tight joints B to a U-shaped -member C formed as shown, and the two arms A are detachably connected by means of lugs L, Fig. 4, or hooks, catches or the like, to a bracket or brackets D secured to a wall or floor, or to an article of furniture.
Patent GB-1500715-A (GB)
Title: Plate heat exchangers
IPC: F28F3/08
Filed: 1974-05-24
Abstract: 1500715 Plate heat exchanger APV CO Ltd 22 May 1975 [24 May 1974] 23405/74 Heading F4S A plate heat exchanger comprises a pack of separable gasketed plates of the general kind shown in Fig. 1. The plates each have a pattern of corrugations crossing and abutting with corresponding patterns of corrugations on adjacent similar plates to provide interplate support and turbulence in liquid flowing in flow spaces formed between consecutive plates. On some or all of the plates, at some or all of the points at which the corrugations cross and abut one another, the corrugations are locally increased in stiffness by varying their crosssection so as to increase the curvature at these points of abutment. As shown in Figs. 4 and 5, the corrugations of a plate are locally increased in stiffness at Q<SP>1</SP> by having locally increased curvature R<SP>1</SP>. The plate is stiffened only at points Q<SP>1</SP> along its ribs Q but another plate, Figs. 6 and 7 (not shown), is also stiffened at points (P<SP>1</SP>) along its troughs P. The plate corrugations, instead of being rectilinear, may be arcuate or W-shaped.
Patent GB-480753-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to sewing machines
IPC: D05B15/00
Filed: 1936-08-27
Abstract: 480,753. Sewing - machines. BRITISH UNITED SHOE MACHINERY CO., Ltd., GOULDBOURN, J., and KESTELL, T. A. Aug. 27, 1936, No. 23495. [Class 112] A chain - stitch sewing- machine of the kind described in Specifications 17328/08 and 13873/10, [both in Class 112], particularly applicable to sewing uppers and welts to lips on insoles, is provided with a member for deflecting a loop of thread engaged by the needle in a direction towards the last-formed stitch so as to make stitches of uniform tightness round sharply pointed toes. In the embodiment shown, the needle 1, feed awl, channel guide and welt guide 9 are constructed and operated as set out in the above-mentioned Specifications. The loop deflector 11 is adapted to swing from the right-hand side of the needle plane towards the left to deflect the thread towards the left between the work and the needle barb, Fig. 4. The deflector has a hooked forward end 14 for engaging the loop of thread and a stem 15 secured in a tube 17 which slides without rotation in a guide 21. The guide has an arm 23 pivoted to parallel links 31 connected to an arm 33 of a cam lever 35 which has an arm 55 with a follower 57 tracking a cam groove in the cam 59. The arm 23 is also pivoted to a bell-crank lever 45 pivoted on a stud 49 secured in an arm 51 extending from the lever 35. The other arm 63 of the bell-crank 45 is universally coupled to a link 65 which is adjustably coupled to an arm 69 of a cam lever 71 which has an arm with a follower 77 tracking a peripheral cam groove in the cam 79. The tube 17 has a pin 81 passing through a slot 83 in the welt guide carrier 85 so that as the welt guide 9 is moved towards and from the work, the deflector 11 is moved up and down. During each machine cycle, the deflector 11 is moved on the parallel linkage, to-and-fro by the cam 79, rocked up and down by the cam 59, and moved axially by the welt guide 85. The thread finger 5 is moved to pull off and give up thread somewhat after the manner described in Specification 17328/08. The finger has a lower forked end 87 for engaging the thread and is operated by links 95, 97, cam arm 107 and cam follower 109, Fig. 9. The looper 7 lays the thread in the hook of the needle and is mounted on a slide 113. The looper is operated by a lever 117 pivoted on a shaft 125 secured to a sliding bar 127 operated by a follower 129 and cam track 131, Fig. 8.
Patent GB-234694-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in power transmission machines
IPC: F16H37/12
Filed: 1924-10-06
Abstract: 234,694. Des Parois, A. H. Oct. 6, 1924. Motor or power units.-In a power transmitting machine, a small gas engine or motor 12 drives two shafts 14 carrying sprocket-wheels 17 adapted to engage toothed flanges 10 on wheels 8. The latter are fixed on a shaft 7 which is loosely mounted on flanges 6 carried by wheels 5. The wheels 5 are fixed on a shaft 4 carrying a pulley-wheel 18 and supported by standards 2.
Patent GB-382936-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in steam turbines
IPC: F01D25/32
Filed: 1932-08-23
Abstract: 382,936. Steam turbines. ALLMANNA SVENSKA ELEKTRISKA AKTIEBOLAGET, Vasteras, Sweden. Aug. 23, 1932, No. 23596. Convention date, Aug. 25, 1931. [Class 110 (iii).] In steam turbines of the radial-flow type having axial-flow blading in the exhaust end stages, gutters are provided in the annular chamber surrounding the radial-flow blades to collect the drops of condensation water flung outwards towards the casing wall. The gutters may be circumferentially extending grooves 7, Fig. 1, in one or more portions, or axially extending grooves supported by rings attached to the first guide rings of the axial-flow blading. Fig. 1 shows gutters 7 which are supported on axial bolts 8 between distance sleeves 9. The bolts are carried by an annular ring 12 held by bolts 10 to guide blade rings 11. Water is carried away from the lower portion of the annular chamber by axial grooves and a drain pipe. The bolts 8 may be carried by hooks attached to the casing wall, or the gutters may be held to the wall by screws. Fig. 5 shows gutters formed of welded metal strips with noses 19 formed at one junction. The gutters may extend axially and be supported between the ends by circumferential grooves 35, Fig. 12, which also carry away 'water passing through holes 37. The shapes of the gutters may be varied.
Patent GB-699053-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to rotary regenerative air preheaters
IPC: F28D19/04
Filed: 1951-10-11
Abstract: 699,053. Rotary regenerative heat-exchangers. AKTIEBOLAGET LJUNGSTROMS ANGTURBIN. Oct. 11, 1951 [Oct. 12, 1950], No. 23663/51. Class 64 (i) A circumferential sealing arrangement in a rotary regenerative heat exchanger, e.g. an air preheater, comprises means mounted on the rotor shell 10 and means mounted on the housing 20 surrounding the rotor to form oppositely facing, circumferentially extending grooves 33, 34 in the rotor and housing respectively, and an annular sealing member 37 of imperforate material and preferably flexible, having its inner and outer circumferential edges extending into said grooves and being retained in contact with wall portions of said grooves. In the form shown the grooves 33 on the rotor are constituted by the open sides of annular members 30 of channel cross-section bolted to the rotor shell and the grooves 34 on the housing are formed by annular plates 35 mounted on the housing and axially spaced from the upper and lower housing flanges 36. The annular sealing member 37 which may be continuous or of arcuate segmental form, is provided adjacent its inner and outer circumferential edges with wear rings 38 and is retained in sealing engagement with wall portions of the grooves by the gaseous pressure differential normally existing across the rotor. Stops 44 may be provided to prevent undue radial displacement of the sealing members 37.
Patent GB-628365-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to miniature compression-ignition two stroke engines operatingwith crankcase compression
IPC: F02B75/02
Filed: 1947-08-28
Abstract: 628,365. Two-stroke engines. RAWLINGS, G. W. Aug. 28, 1947, No. 23804. [Class 7 (ii)] In a miniature two-stroke engine operating with crankcase compression, the transfer passage 32 is formed as a groove or flat on the outside of an enlarged part 15 of the cylinder liner. The part 15 is clamped between a flange on a part 16, which has a crankcase inlet port 30 and opposed exhaust ports 34, and the crank-case which has a groove 33 completing the transfer passage, and a screwed-on cover 27. The cylinder head 12 is adjustable on a screw thread on to the liner to vary the compression-ratio.