baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20020053766-A (KR)
Inventor: IGUCHI KATSUNOBU
IPC: G04B37/16
Filed: 2001-12-27
Abstract: PURPOSE: To provide an electronic apparatus which can be easily assembled and disassembled. CONSTITUTION: A cup-shaped introduction tube 9 made of a rubber-based member is inserted within an introduction hole 8 provided in a watch case 2. A semi-arcuate projection 14 having a uniform sectional shape in an axial direction is integrally formed with an outer peripheral surface of the tube 9. A metallic pipe 15 is fittedly inserted in the introduction tube 9, and the outer diameter dimension of the pipe 15 and the inner diameter dimension of the tube 9 have a relationship of interference fit before the insertion. A flange-shaped edge 17 is formed at an end of the pipe 15. Aring groove 9a is formed in the cup bottom surface of the tube 9 and an annular O-shaped ring 16 as a rubber-based member is fitted in the ring groove 9a. The O ring 16 has nearly the same inner diameter as the diameter of a shield wire 6, and the shield wire 6, pipe 15 and ring groove 9a define a seal surface when collapsed. The shield wire 6 is passed through the tube 9, rigid pipe 15 and O ring 16 and introduced into the interior of the clock case 2.
Patent KR-20030055929-A (KR)
Title: A removal method for refractory organic pollutants using manganese oxides and reaction mediator
Inventor: KANG GI HUN
IPC: C02F1/72
Filed: 2001-12-27
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided is a method for removing recalcitrant organic contaminants with high efficiency by using redox mediator such as lignin decomposition by-product along with manganese oxide. CONSTITUTION: The method comprises the steps of (a) causing oxidation-neutralization reactions between recalcitrant organic contaminants and naturally generated organic material reaction mediator and manganese oxides, wherein the manganese oxide is birnessite, and wherein the naturally generated organic material reaction mediator is phenol compound which is by-product of lignin decomposition.
Patent KR-20030056569-A (KR)
Title: Method for fabricating a planar type lightwave circuit
Inventor: LEE SANG GYUN
IPC: G02B6/13
Filed: 2001-12-28
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for fabricating a planar waveguide is provided, which improves productivity and also reduces production costs by omitting a process of forming a top buffer layer. CONSTITUTION: A buffer layer(202) and a mask layer are formed in sequence on a planar substrate(201). A photoresist is deposited on the mask layer, and a photoresist pattern is formed by proceeding a photo lithography and developing process. After patterning a revealed mask layer in the bottom using the photoresist pattern as an etching mask and then the remained photoresist pattern is removed. After forming a waveguide(205) on an etched part by etching the revealed buffer layer in the bottom using the patterned mask layer as an etching mask, the remained mask layer is removed. Then, a core layer(206) is deposited on the buffer layer.
Patent KR-20030057836-A (KR)
Title: Method for Preventing Fraudulent Use of Mobile Phone
Inventor: LEE SEONG BEOM
IPC: H04B7/26
Filed: 2001-12-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for preventing surreptitious use of a mobile phone is provided to prevent a surreptitious use by another person when the mobile phone is missed. CONSTITUTION: When power is applied to a mobile phone by a user(S20), the mobile phone is booted(S21), the hardware of the mobile phone is initialized(S22). The user registers the mobile phone to a communication system of a mobile phone company(S23). Also, the user sets a timer by two minutes(time for receiving an authentication SMS(Short Message Service) message)(S24) and receives the authentication SMS message during the set time(S25). When time of the timer is passed(S26) or the authentication process is not performed, the mobile phone is changed into a protection mode(S28) and a message like 'lost telephone' is displayed to a display of the mobile phone(S29).
Patent KR-20030059387-A (KR)
Title: Method of manufacturing capacitor for semiconductor memory device
Inventor: LEE SEUNG HYEOK
IPC: H01L27/04
Filed: 2001-12-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing a capacitor of a semiconductor memory device is provided to be capable of effectively preventing bridge between lower electrodes. CONSTITUTION: An oxide layer is formed on a semiconductor substrate(20) having storage node contacts(22). After forming an oxide pattern, an insulating layer(24) is formed at sides of the oxide pattern. By removing the oxide pattern, a capacitor contact hole is formed. After forming a conductive layer on the resultant structure including the contact hole, isolated lower electrodes(26) are formed by blanket etching of the conductive layer to expose the insulating layer(24).
Patent KR-20010074632-A (KR)
IPC: G01N33/574
Filed: 1999-07-01
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the early diagnosis of carcinomas and their preliminary stages, which comprises determining the overexpression of a cell cycle regulatory protein in a body sample. The invention also provides a kit usable for this purpose.
Patent KR-20010053546-A (KR)
Title: 다수의 저항성 강유전 저장 셀로 이루어진 저장 장치
IPC: H01L27/105
Filed: 1999-07-01
Abstract: 본 발명은 각각 하나의 선택 트랜지스터(T) 및 하나의 저장 커패시터(Cferro)를 포함하는 다수의 저항성 강유전 저장 셀로 이루어진 저장 장치에 관한 것이다.  고정 셀 플레이트 전압이 상기 커패시터의 제 1 전극(PL)에 인가되고, 상기 커패시터의 제 2 전극(SN)은 선택 트랜지스터(T)의 제 1 도전형 영역(1)과 접속되고, 상기 선택 트랜지스터(T) 및 저장 커패시터(Cferro)는 제 1 도전형에 반대되는 제 2 도전형의 반도체 기판 내에 또는 위에 제공된다.  상기 저장 커패시터(Cferro)와 접속된 선택 트랜지스터(T)의 전극(1)은 적어도 2 개의 저장 셀에 걸쳐 연장된 채널 길이를 가진 MOS 트랜지스터(n + ) 및 저항기(R)를 통해, 저장 커패시터의 제 1 전극(PL)과 접속된다.
Patent KR-20010074796-A (KR)
IPC: B65G47/84
Filed: 1999-07-27
Abstract: A transport-sort conveyor in which a pin of the sliding block of the sort conveyor traveling at high velocity does not cause any trouble at the sorting point and which is suitable for sorting small sized articles is provided. Pusher means is provided on any one of the mounting member on one side of the bearing surface defining member and the sliding block to urge the sliding block in the sorting direction while being engaged on one side, and release engagement of the sliding'block to be used for sorting operation by the actuating device in the upstream of the sorting point to move the sliding block sideways from the straight-ahead path toward the sorting path. The sliding block that has changed its direction is carried and guided by the sorting guide rail extending from the sorting point in the sorting direction, and thus no movable device such as switch rail or the like is provided at the sorting point. A plurality of bearing surface defining member is provided for a pair of left and right mounting member, and a sliding block is provided for each bearing surface defining member so that small sized article can be sorted. <IMAGE>
Patent KR-20010073017-A (KR)
Title: 윈드실드 와이퍼
IPC: B60S1/04
Filed: 2000-05-25
Abstract: 본 발명은 와이퍼 블레이드를 지지하는 구동 가능하게 장착된 와이퍼 아암을 포함하는 차량 특히, 자동차용 윈드실드 와이퍼에 관한 것으로, 상기 와이퍼 아암은 적어도 부분적으로 와이퍼 블레이드를 에워싸고, 또한 와이퍼 아암에는 실질적으로 U-형상인 외형부가 제공된다. 본 발명에 따르면, 실질적으로 차량이 주행하는 방향으로 배향된 림(32; limb)은 일체형 스포일러를 형성하고, 적어도 하나의 공기 유출 개구(40, 42)는 다른 림(34, 36)상에 배열된다.
Patent KR-20010074913-A (KR)
IPC: H05B41/00
Filed: 1999-08-26
Abstract: A description is given of an operating method for a discharge lamp with dielectrically impeded discharges and also a corresponding ballast and illumination system. The invention is directed at withdrawing the external lamp voltage across the discharge lamp in order to produce a back ignition in the lamp by virtue of an internal counterpolarization. The back ignition improves the efficiency of the lamp operation and makes it possible to construct a very small, lightweight ballast.
Patent KR-20010113698-A (KR)
Title: 저악취성 콜린염
Filed: 2000-02-17
Abstract: 콜린염에 대한 대기중 트리메틸아민의 평형 농도가 0.2 ppb 미만인 수준으로 정제된 저악취성 콜린염 제품.
Patent KR-20010108471-A (KR)
IPC: C07D281/00
Filed: 2000-03-23
Abstract: 본 발명은 치환된 1,4-벤조티아제핀-1,1-디옥사이드 유도체 및 이의 산 부가 염에 관한 것이다.  본 발명은 화학식 I의 1,4-벤조티아제핀-1,1-디옥사이드 유도체, 생리학적으로 허용되는 이의 염 및 생리학적으로 기능성인 이의 유도체뿐만 아니라, 이의 제조 방법을 기술한다.  당해 화합물은, 예를 들어, 지혈저하제로서 적합하다. 
     화학식 I 
     
       
     
     상기식에서, 
     R 1 , R 2   , R 3 및 Z는 명세서에서 정의한 바와 동일하다.
Patent KR-20020019903-A (KR)
Title: 압력완화장치 및 그 사용방법
IPC: F16K17/14
Filed: 2000-04-20
Abstract: 압력완화장치(10)는 파열 성분(12) 및 지지부(14)를 포함한다. 상기 파열 성분(12)은 완화될 압력 시스템의 유체면에 가장 가까이 위치하고, 알루미늄 산화물, 실리콘 카바이드, 티타늄 카바이드, 원소 게르마늄 및 이들의 혼합물로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 비철-기반 조성물로 제조된 내부면(18)을 갖는 내부층(16)을 포함한다.
Patent KR-20010110807-A (KR)
IPC: A61K31/58
Filed: 2000-04-25
Abstract: It has been found that the compound satisfying the structural formula (I) given below has a surprisingly good suitability for being administered intermittently. This particular compound therewith has the highly advantageous property that it can be used in the specific medical application of combined therapy with progestagen-only preparations.
Patent KR-20020009628-A (KR)
IPC: B65H35/08
Filed: 2000-05-31
Abstract: 본 발명은 스트립 테이프로부터 제품, 특히 예를 들면 피부 또는 경피성 패치, 예를 들면 또 다른 경구용 투여 제형 등의 의약 및/또는 활성물질 함유 제품, 및 충전가능한 용기 또는 가장자리가 밀폐된 백을 제조하는 방법에 있어서, 
     광폭의 재료 웨브(2)를 갖는 재료 롤(1)이 테이크업 맨드릴(3) 상에서 헐겁게 회전할 수 있게 설치되고, 
     재료 웨브(2)가 인장응력을 받지 않고서 진공 롤(4)에 의해 재료(1)에서 전체 폭으로 드로잉되어, 공정시에 멀티플 원형 나이프 롤(5)을 회전함으로써 진공 롤(4)의 부압대에서 개별 스트립(6)으로 분리되며, 
     진공 롤(4)의 부압대의 단부에는 각각의 스트립(6)이 진공 롤(4)에서 드로잉되고, 부압에 의해 테이크업 채널(7)에 도입되어 계속해서 그 내부에서 운반되고, 
     공정시에 각각의 스트립(6)이 채널(7)로 가는 도중에 또는 채널을 지나서 약 90°로 회전하며, 
     채널(7)의 단부에서 스트립(6)은 잇따라 한꺼번에 2개 이상 안내된 후에,  제품이 완성되는 변환장치에서 완성된 의약 및/또는 활성물질 함유 제품 또는 충전가능한 용기 또는 가장자리가 밀폐된 백을 형성하도록 완료시에 추가 처리를 위해 바람직하게는 개방된 홈에 운반되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법을 제공한다.
Patent KR-20020010701-A (KR)
Title: Sulfonamide and Sulfamide Substituted Imidazoquinolines
IPC: A61K45/06
Filed: 2000-06-08
Abstract: Imidazoquinoline and tetrahydroimidazoquinoline compounds that contain sulfonamide or sulfonamide functionality at the 1-position are useful as immune response modifiers. The compounds and compositions of the invention can induce the biosynthesis of various cytokines and are useful in the treatment of a variety of conditions including viral diseases and neoplastic diseases.
Patent KR-20020023244-A (KR)
Inventor: HAHN YOON BONG
IPC: H01L21/205
Filed: 2002-01-02
Abstract: PURPOSE: A low dielectric SiCFO thin film growth using a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition(PECVD) method is provided to be used as an interlayer dielectric of a metal interconnection, by growing the SiCFO thin film at a low temperature such that the SiCFO thin film has a low dielectric constant and thermal stability. CONSTITUTION: A Si-C-F-O based dielectric thin film having a low dielectric constant(k is from 1.2 to 2.2) is fabricated by a PECVD method. Gas or liquid containing SiCH4, (CH3)3SiC-CSi(CH3)3, £(CH3)3Si|sCH2, £(CH3)3Si|2S, (CH3)3CSi(CH3)2Cl, (CH3)2SiCl2, (CH3)2Si(OC2H5)2, £(CH3)2Si-|n, C2H5SiCl3, (CH3)3SiSi(CH3)3, (CH3)3SiCl, (CH3)3SiOC2H5, (CH3)3SiH, (CH3)3SiCCH, (C5H5)Si(CH3)3, SiF4, COF2, ClF3, C(CF3)2C, CH3F, (CF3)2CO, C2F3N, CF4, NF3, NH3, O2 and O3 is used as a raw material.
Patent KR-20030062370-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus and method for extracting quantized MIDI note
Inventor: JUNG DO IL
IPC: G10L25/90
Filed: 2002-01-16
Abstract: PURPOSE: A device and a method for driving stabilized midi notes are provided to reduce the midi note driving error caused by the vibration of the played sound and the erroneous singing, thereby driving precise midi data from the played sound. CONSTITUTION: A method for driving stabilized midi notes includes steps of differently setting pitch frequency ranges in respective notes according to the number and tune of a musical scale in an octave, generating musical scales and midi conversion information per tune according to the set pitch frequency ranges, selecting midi conversion information on the basis of a musical scale according to an external manipulation signal and selection information of the tune, detecting a pitch frequency from digital sound input from the outside(S330,S340), and deriving a midi note corresponding to the pitch frequency on the basis of the selected midi conversion information(S360-S390).
Patent KR-20030065086-A (KR)
Inventor: CHO YEONG HO
IPC: G11B15/26
Filed: 2002-01-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: An idler assembly of a tape recorder is provided to replace roles of a washer and a bush by forming a burr at an axial hole, thereby reducing the number of processes and cost. CONSTITUTION: An idler gear(251) is engaged with a power transmitting gear(135) by moving to one of reel tables(225) according to a rotation direction of the power transmitting gear, so that the idler gear transmits rotary driving force of the power transmitting gear to the reel table. A rotatively moving member(253) has an axial hole(253a) for inserting a fixed shaft(131) into the axial hole. The idler gear is rotatively supported at a front end of the rotatively moving member to rotatively move the idler gear in a state of being engaged with the power transmitting gear. A burr(254) is downward formed at a circumference of the axial hole at a predetermined height to guide the rotative moving of the rotating member.
Patent KR-20030069500-A (KR)
Title: The preparation of fermentation Fig-vinegar using korean drug agent and fig fruit
Inventor: YUN KWANG SIM
IPC: C12J1/00
Filed: 2002-02-20
Abstract: PURPOSE: A process for preparing fig-vinegar using Korean herbal medicines and fig fruit is provided, which fig-vinegar has higher acidity and useful for treatment of skin diseases. CONSTITUTION: A process for preparing fig-vinegar using Korean herbal medicines and fig fruit comprises the steps of: mixing sawdust of fig tree, fig fruits, water, ethanol, soju, kaoliang liquor and makkoli; inoculating an inoculant into the mixture and fermenting the mixture; filtering the fermented mixture with a membrane filter having 0.45 micrometer filter size; sterilizing the filtered solution at 73 to 81 deg. C for 1 to 30 minutes; treating the fig-vinegar with active carbon or white clay to remove color and smell; and mixing 40 to 98 wt.% of fig-vinegar with the extract of Korean herbal medicines comprising fig fruit juice, ginger, Angelica gigas Nakai, Glycyrrizae Radix, Citrus unshiu MARKOVICH., Cyperus rotundus L., creosote, cinnamon, Cnidium officinale, Paeoniae Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Rumex crispus LINNE, Artemisia capillaris Thunb., Pueraria thunbergiana radix, Houttuyniae Herba, Astragali Radis, Eucommia ulmoides OLIV., Poria cocos WOLF, Lycium Chinense, Acanthopanacis Cortex, jujube, Crataegi Fructus, Sanguisorba officinalis L., garlic and propolis.
Patent KR-20030069625-A (KR)
Inventor: CHOI GAK JIN
IPC: F24F6/10
Filed: 2002-02-22
Abstract: PURPOSE: A sterilizing humidifier is provided to sterilize air and vaporized water particles. CONSTITUTION: An air inlet tube(150) has an end installed near a bottom of a humidifying reservoir(113) to be submerged under water. A plurality of bubble liberation pores(150a) are formed on the end of the air inlet tube. An air compressor(151) and a check valve(153) are installed on the air inlet tube for compressing air supplied from a blower(160), and for prevent air from flowing back, respectively. An air sterilizing unit(180) is installed on an upper part of a wall of the humidifying reservoir. The air sterilizing unit includes a cylindrical chamber, and an ultraviolet lamp placed in the chamber in longitudinal direction to radiate ultraviolet rays. A cylindrical reflector has a silver-plating film formed on an outside of a cylindrical glass tube, and is installed to be separated from a periphery of the ultraviolet lamp. An air inlet and an air outlet are formed between the ultraviolet lamp and the reflector on one end and the other end of a front side of the chamber, respectively. An air sterilizing channel is formed between the ultraviolet lamp and the reflector.
Patent KR-20020074068-A (KR)
Inventor: AONO YASUHISA
IPC: C21D9/50
Filed: 2002-02-26
Abstract: PURPOSE: To provide a joining method which does not give rise to the disappearance of a microcrystal structure in joint parts and the peripheral parts thereof unlike the conventional welding method relating to a method for joining iron- base microcrystals exhibiting excellent characteristics in strength, corrosion resistance, etc. CONSTITUTION: This method of joining the iron-base materials comprises joining the two microcrystal bodies which are the iron-base microcrystal bodies consisting of iron-base materials not containing an amorphous phase, have their average crystal grain sizes d in a range of 10<d<=5x10¬3 in nm size and are same kind or different kind in terms of chemical components and crysttallography by a friction stir welding method.
Patent KR-20020083910-A (KR)
Inventor: MASHIMO AKIRA
IPC: G11B7/005
Filed: 2002-03-13
Abstract: PURPOSE: To adjust focusing servo by correctly detecting the amount of jitter in an optical disk device. CONSTITUTION: The reflected light from an optical disk 10 is converted into RF signals in the optical pickup 12, amplified in an RF amplifier 14, and supplied to an equalizer 16. The amount of boost in the equalizer 16 is made zero when adjusting and set to a predetermined limit (for example, +20 dB) in normal recording and reproducing. By making the boost amount zero, the delay curve becomes flat over 3T to 11T of the RF signals, and the exact amount of jitter can be detected by integrating the phase shift, of 3T to 11T, and the optical pickup 12 can be adjusted to minimize the amount of jitter.
Patent KR-20030075397-A (KR)
Title: Naphto crown ether derivatives with thiazole ring, their preparation and their use
Inventor: DO GYEONG SUN
IPC: C07D513/18
Filed: 2002-03-18
Abstract: PURPOSE: Naphthol crown ether derivatives with thiazole ring, a preparation method thereof and the use thereof are provided, which compounds can be used as a host material in host-guest chemistry, and have improved ion selectivity. CONSTITUTION: Naphthol crown ether derivatives with thiazole ring represented by formulas 1 and 2 are provided, wherein R is hydrogen, formyl, C1-C20 alkoxy carbonyl, nitro, amino or C1-C20 alkyl. A method for preparing naphthol crown ether derivatives with thiazole ring of formulas 1 and 2 comprises the steps of: reacting 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene, iodoacetamide or chloroacetamide with K2CO3 to prepare amide; thionation of the amide using Lawesson's reagent to prepare thioamide; reacting the thioamide with 2,3-dichloroacetone to prepare 2-substituted-4-chloromethylthiazol; and reacting the 2-substituted-4-chloromethylthiazol in the presence of sodium iodide with alkoxide prepared by reacting catechol derivative or 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene with K2CO3.
Patent KR-20020036993-A (KR)
Inventor: KYUNG BO YUNG
IPC: B44C3/00
Filed: 2002-04-08
Abstract: PURPOSE: A decorative spa generating mist is provided to make a user to feel as if in an actual natural spa, thus to allow the user to feel comfortable. CONSTITUTION: Flowering plants(5) are planted along a frame(1) of the decorative spa generating mist, a water vessel(2) is formed at the center of the spa, an ultrasonic vibrator is mounted on the bottom surface of the water vessel, and a controller for setting optional electronic functions is installed to the frame. When an output electric current of an ultrasonic oscillator is applied to the ultrasonic vibrator, a hot spring gushes from the water vessel and a large amount of mist is generated on the basis of ultrasonic vibration force.
Patent KR-20030083172-A (KR)
Title: Formation method of stacking structure of metal line in semiconductor device
Inventor: HAN JAE WON
IPC: H01L21/768
Filed: 2002-04-19
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for forming the stacking structure of a metal line in a semiconductor device is provided to be capable of preventing a metal layer from being protruded of a metal line to the upper direction for improving the performance of the semiconductor device. CONSTITUTION: After forming an insulating layer(20) at the upper portion of a semiconductor substrate, the first barrier metal(21) and the first metal layer(22) are sequentially deposited on the resultant structure. Then, a plasma process is carried out at the resultant structure. After sequentially depositing a Ti layer and a TiN layer(24) on the plasma processed first metal layer, a metal line is formed by selectively patterning the resultant structure. After forming a TiAl3 layer(25') at the upper portion of the first metal layer by reacting the Ti layer to the first metal layer, an interlayer dielectric(26,27) is deposited on the entire surface of the resultant structure. After forming a via hole by selectively etching the interlayer dielectric, a metal plug is formed by deposing and polishing the second barrier metal(29,30) and the second metal layer(31).
Patent KR-20030083216-A (KR)
Title: Hinge device
Inventor: KIM JIN GWAN
IPC: F25D23/02
Filed: 2002-04-19
Abstract: PURPOSE: A hinge apparatus is provided to simplify a structure thereof, and to improve assemblability thereof. CONSTITUTION: An apparatus includes a housing(10) having a cylindrical body, a fixed piece fixed on a kimchi refrigerator main body, and a rear part(30) having a boss(32) protrusively formed thereon and having a penetrating hole(32a); a front cover(20) fixed to the cylindrical body, having an axis hole formed on a center thereof, and a cam part with a cam groove protrusively formed on an inner circumference of the axis hole; a hinge shaft(40) installed through the axis hole of the front cover and the boss of the rear part to rotate on the housing, having a joining part protruding from an outside of the housing, and joined to the kimchi refrigerator door; a cam guide(50) installed on a body of the hinge shaft to slide in axial direction, having an inside diameter joined to an outer diameter of a torque bush to allow the torque bush to be placed therein, and a pair of protrusions contacting with the cam groove of the cam part placed on both sides thereof, to slide along a profile of the cam groove as the hinge shaft rotates; the torque bush inserted into the cam guide to be placed between the cam guide and the hinge shaft to allow the cam shaft to slide linearly in axial direction of the hinge shaft, and contacting with a compression coil spring(70) to reduce vibrational noise; and the compression coil spring interposed to the hinge shaft to be placed between the cam guide and the rear cover to elastically support the cam guide toward the front cover.
Patent KR-20030085930-A (KR)
Title: Refining method to create product when polish rice by pounding
Inventor: KIM WON BOK
IPC: B02B5/02
Filed: 2002-05-02
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided is a method for purifying rice bran, by which it is possible to utilize the rice bran as food material and use the nutritions contained in the rice bran as a functional food or medical product. CONSTITUTION: The method includes the steps of carefully selecting rice bran; washing the rice bran, followed by heating with steam; drying the steamed rice bran; and pulverizing the dry rice bran. The step of carefully selecting rice bran is performed by sieving rice bran with a screen of 40 to 80 mesh and collecting rice bran which had passed the screen. The selected rice bran is washed with ethyl alcohol of about 2 times weight of the selected rice bran. By this washing the oils and fats in the rice bran are converted into saturated fat. The steamed rice bran is dried by hot air of 75 to 80 deg.C.