Patent GB-784944-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to stable petroleum distillate fuels
IPC: C10L1/26
Filed: 1954-11-26
Abstract: A petroleum fuel oil composition contains 0.001 to 0.1 per cent of a neutralized reaction product of a phosphorus sulphide and a hydrocarbon and 0.001 to 0.1 per cent of at least one N-alkyl alkylene polyamine containing 6 to 30 carbon atoms in the N-alkyl radical, which may be substituted, and having at least one primary amino nitrogen atom, or an aliphatic carboxylic salt of such a compound.  The petroleum oil may be an internal combustion engine fuel, a furnace oil, burner oil or heater oil, a kerosene, a jet fuel, or a residual fuel oil.  A particular fuel mentioned comprises at least 10 per cent cracked oil boiling between 350 DEG  and 750 DEG F. blended with virgin oil.  The oil may first be treated by caustic alkali washing, acid treatment, Doctor sweetening, or by clay treatment.  Products obtained by reacting a phosphorus sulphide with a hydrocarbon at 200 DEG  F. to 600 DEG  F., using 1 to 50 per cent by weight of the phosphorus sulphide, may be used.  The hydrocarbons so treated may be mono-olefin hydrocarbon polymers, such as polymers of propylene, butylenes and amylenes, or copolymers of iso-mono-olefins and mono-olefins, preferably having molecular weights between 150 and 50,000; paraffinic hydrocarbons such as bright stock residuums, lubricating oil distillates, petrolatums or paraffin waxes; high molecular weight olefinic hydrocarbons, such as cetene, cerotene, melene and mixed high molecular weight alkenes obtained by cracking petroleum oils; olefins obtained by dehydrogenation of paraffins, or dehalogenation of long chain alkyl halides, or by the synthol process; aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, toluene and diphenyl, and alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons, such as an alkyl benzene having at least one alkyl group of at least four carbon atoms.  The phosphorus sulphide may be P2S5, P2S3, P4S3 or P4S7.  The phosphorus sulphide-hydrocarbon reaction product has at least 1 per cent of its acidity neutralized by treatment with a hydroxide, carbonate, sulphide or oxide of an alkaline earth metal or alkali metal, or with ammonia or an amine. The polyamino compound may have the formula: <FORM:0784944/III/1> where R is an alkyl or substituted alkyl (i.e. by hydroxy, carboxy, nitro or halo groups) radical having 6 to 30 carbon atoms; R1 is hydrogen or an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical; R11 is hydrogen, an alkylene primary amino radical (i.e.-(CH2)xNH2, where x is 1 to 10), or a poly alkylene polyamino radical containing a primary amino nitrogen atom; m is 1 to 10; and n is 0 to 10.  Examples of polyamino compounds are N-octyl-ethylene diamine, N-dodecyl diethylene triamine, N-cetyl propylene diamine, N-octadecyl triethylene tetramine, N-hydroxyl dodecyl diethylene triamine, N-chloro-decylethylene diamine, N-bromo-octyl ethylene diamine, and "Duomeens" (Registered Trade Mark) which have the formula RNHCH2 CH2CH2NH2 where R is derived from coconut fatty acid, tallow fatty acid, lauric acid or soya fatty acid.  The salts used are those of the polyamino compounds with aliphatic carboxylic acids having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, e.g. hexanoic, nonanoic, lauric, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic and palmitic acids.  The composition preferably contains both a polyamino compound and a salt thereof, with the phosphorus sulphide-hydrocarbon reaction product.  A concentrated solution of the additives in a hydrocarbon oil may be prepared and then added to the oil to obtain the final composition.  The composition may include surface active agents such as di-alkyl sodium sulphosuccinate, sodium cetyl sulphate, petroleum sulphonates, cetyl pyridinium chloride, octadecylamine acetate, and sodium mahogany soap.