Patent GB-1196720-A (GB)
Title: Hydraulic Control System for Automatic Transmission
IPC: F16H61/00
Filed: 1968-12-12
Abstract: 1,196,720. Change-speed control. NISSAN JIDOSHA K.K. 12 Dec., 1968 [19 Dec., 1967], No. 59059/68. Heading E2D. In a fluid-pressure control of clutches and brakes in a planetary automatic transmission on a vehicle, servo pressure is reduced to a minimum value (2À5 kg./cm.<SP>2</SP>) for low speed and torque operation (e.g. at engine idle and vehicle stationary prior to entering forward or reverse ratios) by primary and secondary cutdown valves 114, 115, controlled respectively by governor and TV pressures 220, 207, to vary the loading of a main regulator valve 102 as detailed below). At higher speeds and torques there is a stepwise increase with speed followed by normal graduated TV responsive increase. Pressure augmentation in reverse is provided. Control function.-A manual ranging valve 104 has D setting, giving automatic shifts between all three forward ratios, first being oneway; 2-setting for an invariable second ratio; 1-setting for an invariable two-way first; R reverse and P, parklock. Automatic shifts respond to output speed and engine inletmanifold depression or throttle setting. Accelerator kickdown by solenoid valve 109 is provided in D range. Gear arrangement.-The gear, Fig. 1, not shown, is the conventional torque-converterdriven Simpson two-train planet gear giving direct-drive high, two reduced ratios and one reverse by selective input clutches 4, 5 brakes 6, 7 and a one-way brake (10) (Fig. 1, not shown). Clutches and brakes.-One input clutch 5 is engaged for all forward ratios, the other 4 for direct-drive and reverse only. Second ratio band-brake 6 is applied by pressure 212 supplied to its apply chamber 123 and released, for 2-3 upshift, by pressure 214 supplied also to a differential area release chamber 124, simultaneously with pressure supply 214 to the directdrive clutch 4, providing shift timing. Twoway-low and reverse brake 7 parallels a one-way brake (10). Fluid pressure supply, is by a single inputdriven pump 101 regulated by a regulator valve 102 subject to complex governor and TV pressure loading, as described below. Control pressures. Governor.-A two-stage output mounted governor-valve 112, 113 meters governor pressure 220 from a line 201 supplied with line pressure 200 through the manual valve 104 in settings D, 2 and 1 only. There is no governor pressure in reverse and other settings. TV pressure.-A TV valve 107 meters TV pressure 207 fromline pressure 200 under control of engine inlet-manifold depression 502 or engine throttle setting. Before being fed to act on automatic shift valves, TV pressure 207 is reduced by a TV modulator valve 108 at the left end of a 2-3 shift-valve 106. Shift valves.-Differentially-landed 1-2 and 2-3 automatic shift valves 105, 106 are loaded leftwards for upshift by governor pressure 220, and rightwards for downshift by spring and modulated TV pressure 208. A second-speed lock-up valve 116 is shifted rightwards in 2- setting of the manual valve 104 to send pressure 212 directly to the apply side 123 of the secondspeed brake 6 for fixed second ratio. Kickdown valve 109 is effective only in D setting and acts by solenoid 504 for 3-2 and 2-1 kickdown. Servo pressure control.-The differentiallylanded main regulator valve 102, loaded by a spring 311 regulates a leak-off from the pressure main 200, first to a torque-converter feed line 216, and second to exhaust. An aligned boostvalve 103 increases the rightward loading, and hence system-pressure 200, by TV pressure loading 207. Regulator loading is further modified as follows by the primary and secondary cut-down valves 114, 115 forming the subjectmatter of this invention. The primary cut-down valve 114 governs a line 222 supplying opposing leftward loading to the small right end face of the main regulator 102, thus tending to reduce system pressure. In the positions shown, corresponding to low vehicle speed and low torque demand (low TV) thus pressure-reducing load-line 222 receives full line pressure 200 through the secondary cutdown valve 115, line 221 and primary valve 114, producing maximum leftward loading and hence minimum system pressure 200 (2À5 kg./ cm.<SP>2</SP>). This provides soft clutch and brake engagement for low speed and torque operation such as on entering forward or reverse from neutral at engine idle and vehicle standstill. At a higher predetermined speed, governor pressure 220 shifts the primary valve 114 left, substituting TV pressure 207 for line pressure 221 in the opposing load line 222 of the regulator 102, where it is overcome by the rightward TV load 207 on the larger-diameter boost valve 103. Thus after an initial stepwise drop, line pressure 200 increases with TV pressure in the normal manner. At high torque, low speed, e.g. on starting, the secondary cut-down valve 115 is moved left by high TV pressure 107 to exhaust the line 221, which, in the low-speed position (shown) of the primary valve 114, communicates with the leftward load line 222 of the regulator 102. The rightward regulator loading, now unopposed by line 222, rises stepwise to give maximum line pressure 200 under TV pressure control through the boost valve 103. In this condition increase in vehicle speed shifts the primary vave 114 leftwards, so that TV pressure 207 is applied to both ends of the regulator 102, which causes a stepwise decrease in line-pressure 200 and subsequent variation under TV control. The secondary cut-down valve 115 may be arranged to provide a regulated pressure below a predetermined TV value. Reverse pressure augmentation is provided by a line 206 communicating line pressure 200 through the manual valve 104 with a differential loading chamber in the regulator valve. Three dimensional charts showing variation in line pressure with speed and TV pressure in forward and reverse are provided (Figs. 3, 4, not shown).