baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1012578-A (GB)
Title: Synthetic linear copolyesters and shaped articles containing them
IPC: C08G63/68
Filed: 1964-01-01
Abstract: In a linear polyester a major portion of the repeating units have the formula <FORM:1012578/C3/1> and between 0.5 and 5% have the formula <FORM:1012578/C3/2> in which R is a linear alkylene group of 2-8 carbon atoms and R1 is a linear alkylene group of 1-10 carbon atoms. Such esters may be produced by interacting R11OCOAr-COOR11 and HOROH to effect ester interchange and then polymerization of the zinc salt, (R111OCOR1 COO)2Zn being added either before or after ester interchange.  R11 and R111 are alkyl groups of 1-6 carbon atoms.  The diol may be in excess and transesterification and polymerization catalysts may be used.  Transesterification is continued until all the eliminated alcohol and the excess diol is distilled out. Polymerization is at 250-300 DEG  C./0.25-0.1 mm. Hg.  The product may be made into films and fibres and may be dyed.  In Examples (1) and (2) dimethyl terephthalate is condensed with ethylene glycol in the presence of zinc acetate and Sb2O3, zinc methyl adipate being added before ester interchange (1) or zinc methyl sebacate after ester interchange (2).ALSO:A linear polyester of improved dye affinity contains a major proportion of repeating units of formula -R-O-CO-Ar- -CO-O-, R being a linear C2-8 alkylene radical, and 0.5-5% of repeating units of formula -R-O-CO-R1-CO-Zn-O-CO-R1-CO-O-in which R1 is a linear C1-10 alkylene radical.
Patent GB-395011-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to speed regulating systems
IPC: H02P7/34
Filed: 1932-01-02
Abstract: 395,011. Automatic regulation. BRITISH THOMSON-HOUSTON CO., Ltd., Crown House, Aldwych, London.- (Assignees of Winter, F. H. ; 43, Linden Street, Schenectady, New York, U.S.A.) Jan. 2, 1932, No. 140. Convention date, Jan. 2, 1931. [Class 38 (iv).] In a system in which the speed of a motor 1 is maintained constant by causing it to drive a tachometer generator 16 supplying the operating winding 14 of a vibratory regulator which controls a booster 7 in the field circuit of a Ward-Leonard generator 5 supplying the motor I, the effect of a variation of voltage of the supply 4, which provides the excitation of the generator 16 is compensated for by providing an opposing winding 15 on the regulator and energizing this winding from the supply 4. Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specifications 14345/10, [Class 38 (iv), Electric supply and transmission systems &c.], 209,850, 221,887, and 304,212, [all in Class 38 (iii), Electric motor control systems &c.].
Patent GB-1309361-A (GB)
Title: Preparation of fluorinated hydrocarbons and catalyst therefor
IPC: C07C23/02
Filed: 1971-01-01
Abstract: 1309361 Hydrofluorination catalysts DYNAMIT NOBEL AG 1 Jan 1971 [3 Jan 1970] 148/71 Addition to 1261501 Heading B1E [Also in Division C2]  Hydrofluorination catalysts are obtained by the hydrofluorination of y- and/or #-Al 2 O 3  impregnated with a bismuth salt and a manganese salt, and consist of, by weight, 0.1-20% Bi, 35-66% F, 24-42% Al, 0.1-10%Mn and the remainder O. They may be regenerated by burning off carbonaceous deposits.
Patent GB-347727-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the conversion of hydrocarbons into those of lower boiling point
IPC: C10G29/02
Filed: 1930-01-02
Abstract: <FORM:0347727/III/1> p  Hydrocarbons boiling above 200 DEG  C. are converted into lower boiling ones by treating with free halogen or hydrogen, e.g. at 0-150 DEG  C. and at atmospheric or raised pressure, and then at 100-500 DEG  C. with aluminium activated by immersion in a solution of a salt of a less electro-positive metal which metal is thereby deposited on the aluminium.  To facilitate the start of the reaction the activated aluminium may be treated with hydrogen chloride while being heated to the cracking temperature. The hydrogen halides evolved during the halogenation are preferably wholly or in part introduced in the second stage, maybe with added hydrogen halide.  Nitrogen or other insert gas or vapour may be supplied during the second stage.  Non-halogenated hydrocarbon of the same or other origin may be mixed with that halogenated before treatment with the aluminium.  The products are fractionally condensed or distilled, and may be freed from halogen by washing with soda or caustic soda.  The residue of the cracking treatment may be mixed with basic substances and submitted to low-temperature carbonization as described in Specification 320,891, [Class 55 (ii), Gas manufacture &c.].  Chlorine is passed by a pipe 1 into hydrocarbon oil stirred vigorously in a container 2; the products are led to a cracking vessel 7 containing activated aluminium and heated to 150-250 DEG  C. by an oil-bath 8, the hydrogen chloride passing by a pipe 4, the chlorinated oil by a pipe 5; the cracked vapours are removed through a pipe 9.  Or free halogen and oil are introduced continuously at the top of an electrically heated tower packed with activated aluminium; the halogenated oil and hydrogen halide formed in the cooler upper zone pass into the lower hotter cracking zone; the cracked products are led from the bottom of the tower to a collecting vessel for the higher boiling hydrocarbons, and thence to a dephlegmator.  In examples: (1) chlorine is led into a paraffin oil boiling over 350 DEG  C. until the weight is increased 65 per cent and the temperature to 100 DEG  C.; the product is mixed with an equal weight of 270-350 DEG  C. gas oil, and with a current of nitrogen or of the hydrogen halide formed in the first stage is led at 250 DEG  C. through a vessel packed with aluminium activated by mercuric chloride, the activated aluminium preferably being treated with hydrogen chloride during the heating up to facilitate the start of the reaction.  (2) A 270-350 DEG  C. gas oil is treated with a stream of nitrogen containing bromine vapour until the product contains 10 per cent of bromine; it is then led at 250 DEG  C. with a slow current of hydrogen chloride over aluminium activated as in Example 1.  Tars and middle oils, e.g. destructive-hydrogenation products of coal are also specified for treatment.
Patent GB-970127-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in nylon material
IPC: B29C55/18
Filed: 1961-01-03
Abstract: 970,127. Producing nylon sheeting. MOLDINGS & EXTRUSIONS Inc. Jan. 3, 1961 [Jan. 4, 1960], No. 225/61. Heading B5A. A method of improving the mechanical properties of nylon strip or sheet comprises applying to the strip or sheet a compressive force to elongate it in a direction transverse to that of the compressive force, e.g. by passage between smooth steel rollers 44, 46, Fig. 3, the strip or sheet being permanently elongated at least 5% more than the maximum elongation obtainable by stretching. Nylon is extruded from a die 14 to form a puddle on a roller 24, and the formed sheet is passed from a roller 26 round a cooling roller (not shown) on to a collecting spool. When the spool is full it is moved to a stand 36, Fig. 3, and the sheet 28 is fed round heating rollers 42, 40, e.g. at 275‹ to 325‹ F. to the rollers 44, 46, which produce a sheet 28a of reduced thickness. The width of the sheet remains effectively unchanged due to the grip of the rollers, but the edges are stretched slightly laterally and are trimmed to avoid unevenness. The sheet 28a is then passed round water-cooled rollers 48, 50, e.g. at 70‹ to 80‹ F. and is drawn from the machine by a pair of rubber-covered rollers 54, 52, driven by a motor (not shown) which provides a tension of 500 to 1000 lb. in the sheet 28a. The sheet is finally wound on a spool 56, driven so as to keep the sheet 28a suspended above the floor with a small droop. If the axes of the rollers 44, 46 are not exactly parallel, then the sheet 28a will dip to one side between the roller 52 and the spool 56, as shown in Fig. 3, so that the rollers 44, 46 can be quickly adjusted. The sheet 28a may be passed between the rollers 44, 46 several times to produce a final elongation of about 270%.
Patent GB-1300533-A (GB)
Title: Means for controlling the vertical path of an aircraft
IPC: G05D1/06
Filed: 1970-01-02
Abstract: 1300533 Automatic control of aircraft LOCKHEED AIRCRAFT CORP 2 Jan 1970 [2 Jan 1969] 317/70 Heading G3R The position of spoilers, mounted on the wings of an aircraft, is adjusted automatically, during landing, by a hydraulic servosystem in response to electrical signals from a glide slope radio receiver above a predetermined altitude and from a barometric, radio, or radar altimeter or rate of change of altitude meter below that altitude.
Patent GB-1160178-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Continuous Ice-cream Machines
IPC: A23G9/20
Filed: 1968-01-02
Abstract: 1,160,178. Aerating ice cream. APAW S.A. 2 Jan., 1968 [2 Jan., 1967], No. 332/68. Heading B1C [Also in Division F4] An inverted bottle 12 of liquid ice cream mix maintains a constant level 16 of liquid in a basin 5 from which liquid flows to the mixing cylinder 1 through an aperture 8 in a pipe 7 whose upper end is open to allow the inflow of air. The aperture 8 is of smaller cross section than the pipe 7 to ensure the pasage of air with the liquid into the mixing cylinder. The aperture 8 is wedge shaped and its flow cross section is adjustable by means of a sleeve making screw threaded engagement with the pipe 7 so that the rate of mix feed to the cylinder 1 is substantially the same as the rate of dispersing from the cylinder. In a modification, Fig. 2 (not shown), the aperture is oval and its cross section is varied by a sleeve which is rotatable on the pipe so that the registration of an aperture in the sleeve with that in the pipe may be adjusted. A transparent bell shaped cover 17 may be provided so that the contents of the bottle are visible. Filled bottles for replacement purposes are kept in a refrigerated store.
Patent GB-1263891-A (GB)
Title: Switching system for use with fan installations
IPC: F04D27/02
Filed: 1970-01-05
Abstract: 1,263,891. Control of two motors. AIRFLOW DEVELOPMENTS Ltd., and R. G. SPEAR. 21 Oct., 1970 [5 Jan., 1970], No. 419/70. Heading H2J. Main and stand-by fan units are driven by motors F1, F2, respectively, the fans having individual outlets leading to a common casing containing an L-shaped flap which is centrally pivoted and movable under air pressure into a number of positions. Microswitches S2, S3, are mounted in the angle between the two blades of the flap. When the main switch S1 is closed, motor F1 receives full mains voltage and operates at full speed immediately, while motor F2 has a lower voltage applied to it initially due to the current-limiting action of thermistor TH1 and resistor R1. The air ejected from the main fan pushes over the flap to open switch S3 and disconnect the motor F2 so leaving the motor F1 only in operation. If now the motor F1 fails the flap returns to close switch S3 whereby the motor F2 is energized progressively until it operates at full power at the end of the delay period imposed by the network TH1, R1. The operation of the motor F2 causes the flap to open the switch S2 and to disconnect the motor F1. If the fault on the motor F1 is cleared before the motor F2 approaches full power, the switch S3 is re-opened to disconnect the motor F2. A neon indicator N1 strikes to show that the motor F1 has failed and that the motor F2 is running. When both motors are momentarily connected to the supply after closure of switch S1, the indicator N1 does not strike.
Patent GB-725278-A (GB)
Title: Improved packaging process for food and package produced thereby
IPC: B65D85/72
Filed: 1953-01-06
Abstract: 725,278. Packaging. PETERS, L. Jan. 6, 1953, No. 433/53. Class 94 (1). A soft plastic food product A, Fig. 2, e.g. blancmange or jelly, is packaged in a mould of tapering cross-section formed by a pocket 11b of thin flexible sheet material suspended at its upper edge from a support 10 of cardboard or similar material, whereby the food product may be deposited on a plate 17, Fig. 4, by inverting the package and progressively reversing the packet. The thin sheet material is preferably a' thermoplastic film, such as rubber hydrochloride, polyethylene or vinyl chloride-acetate copolymer, which may be formed by heated dies into a pocket of any desired shape and provided with raised or indented surface ornamentation. Alternatively, the film may be secured across the top of the support, heated to render it stretchable and then sucked against a cold female die. The pocket is preferably secured to the support by adhesive. The food product is poured into the pocket in a fluid state and moulded as it sets to form a flat top, after which a cover 12 provided with a removal tab 13, Figs. 1 and 6, is heat-sealed in position. Packages having circular supports may be stacked as shown in Fig. 1 and secured together by an adhesive strip 14, or packages having rectangular supports 16 may be secured together by adhesive strips 15, Fig. 6, embracing their adjoining edges.
Patent GB-764404-A (GB)
Title: A device for fastening rails to sleepers or like supports
IPC: E01B9/68
Filed: 1955-01-06
Abstract: 764,404. Securing railway rails. EVERTS & VAN DER WEYDEN N.V. Jan. 6, 1955 [Jan. 21, 1954], No. 440/55. Class 104 (2). A device for fastening rails to sleepers comprises a resilient spike having two shanks 1, 2 provided respectively with helical loops 3, 4 joined by a bridge portion 5 and a T-shaped resilient clip 7, the cross member 8 of which engages in the helical loops and the stem 10 of which engages between the underside of the bridge portion 5 and the flange of the rail 6 when the spike is in position in the sleeper 13. The slip 7 engages with the full width of the stem 10 along the underside of the bridge portion 5. The clip 7 is cranked at 9, Fig. 1, or 17, Fig. 6a. The bridge portion 5 terminates before the edge of the flange of the rail to facilitate removal of the rail 6 without disturbing the spikes shanks 1, 2. In the arrangement shown in Fig. 3 the shanks 1, 2 serve as guides to the lower flanges of the rail 6. A claw shaped tool 11 is used to lift parts 3a (not shown), 4a of the loops 3, 4 when removing the clip 7.
Patent GB-411776-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to thermostatic switching devices for the temperature regulation of electric heating apparatus
IPC: H05B1/02
Filed: 1934-01-05
Abstract: 411,776. Thermal switches. WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC & MANUFACTURING CO., East Pittsburg, U.S.A.- (Assignees of Clark, E. K. ; 836, Park Avenue, West Mansfield, Ohio, U.S.A.) Jan. 5, 1934, No. 515. Convention date, March 3, 1933. [Class 38 (v).] A thermal switch for controlling an electric oven comprises a bimetallic helix 24 connected by a spindle 29 to an arm 43 carrying an operating pin 44 and an indicating pointer 42. Frictionally mounted on a stud 57 coaxial with the spindle 29, is a maintained temperature arm 73 carrying an insulating block 74 on which is supported a dead-centre snap-action switch having an operating lever 85 and a contact arm 84 movable between fixed contacts 82, 83, and operable by an auxiliary arm 68 connected to the pointer 42. A peak temperature arm 97 is also frictionally mounted on the stud 57 and carries a switch having two pairs of spring contacts one pair 104, 106, and a second pair 102, 107 (not shown in Fig. 4). To set this switch a slide 119 is pushed in and moves an arm 116 against a spring 126 to close contacts 104, 106 and open contacts 102, 107. The arm 116 is held latched by an arm 123 which is adapted to be tripped by the pin 44 on the pointer 42. The contacts of the switches on the two arms are interconnected as shown in Fig. 9 which shows the circuit arrangement for producing a time-temperature curve as shown in Fig. 10 in which the oven is raised to a peak temperature of 520‹ F. and is subsequently maintained at a mean temperature of 300‹ F. until switched off. The maintained temperature arm 73 is set by its pointer 76 to a temperature of 300‹ F. on a scale (not shown) and the peak temperature arm 97 is set to 520‹ F. The slide 119 is pushed in to close contacts 104, 106 and open contacts 102, 107. Circuit is closed by hand at 147 or by a time switch 148 and current flows from mains 131 ... 133 through a relay 136 to the heating element 134. The relay 136 completes its own hold on circuit so that as the temperature passes 300‹ F. although the switch arm 84 moves from contact 83 to 82 the heating element is still energized. When the peak temperature of 570‹ F. is reached, the pin 44 on the pointer 42 engages the latch 123 thus releasing the arm 116 and allowing contacts 104, 106 to open and contacts 102, 107 to close. The actuating coil of relay 136 is thus short-circuited and the heating element is de-energized. The oven cools until the temperature falls below 300‹ F. when the arm 68 operates the snap-action switch on arm 73 to cause the heating element to be energized and in this way a mean temperature of 300‹ F. is maintained. If the slide 119 is not pushed in the apparatus merely maintains the temperature set by arm 73. A third arrangement is possible in which the maintained temperature arm 73 is placed at a setting below the room temperature. The oven then rises to the peak temperature set by the arm 97 and then falls to room temperature.
Patent GB-1521281-A (GB)
Title: Electronic devices utilising cold electron emitters
IPC: H01J1/308
Filed: 1975-01-07
Abstract: 1521281 Cold cathode materials and processing ENGLISH ELECTRIC VALVE CO Ltd 13 Oct 1975 [7 Jan 1975] 519/75 Headings H1D and H1K A cold cathode of the negative electron affinity type comprises a semiconductor body 1 into which extend a number of depressions 5 such that the sides of the depressions constitute electron emitting surfaces and a metal film 3 is provided on the semiconductor body surface in a pattern around the depressions. The depressions in the plane of the emitter may be in the form of a regular matrix or a series of channels, and, in an example, a matrix of depressions have a depth, width and separation of 10 Ám. The emitter is made by providing an etch resistant pattern on the surface of a gallium arsenide phosphide semiconductor chip, etching to produce the depressions 5, removing the resist layer and diffusing a dopant into the surface to provide the p-type layer 2. The metal contact layer 3 is then provided and the emitter is activated by a conventional caesiating procedure.
Patent GB-1469001-A (GB)
Title: Method and device for the ultrasonic testing of a test piece
IPC: G01N29/32
Filed: 1974-01-07
Abstract: 1469001 Ultrasonic couplings COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE 7 Jan 1974 [16 Jan 1973] 564/74 Heading H4J The angle of refraction i 4  (Fig. 2) of an ultrasonic beam from an ultrasonic transducer T l  is maintained substantially constant in a metallic test piece 3 having a temperature of between -20 and 100 C. The whole of a beam of ultrasonic waves is passed successively though two geometrically adjacent media 1 and 2 in contact to produce a substantially constant angle of incidence i 3  and angle i 4  is maintained substantially constant with variation of temperature, the two media satisfying the equation where V 1  and V 2  are the velocities of ultrasonic waves in the two media 1, 2 and # is their temperature. The angle of incidence i 1  of the waves at an interface of the two media in contact and the angle i 4  are related by the expressions in which V 3  is the velocity of the ultrasonic waves in the test piece 3, i 2  is the angle of refraction at the interface between the two media 1, 2 and α is the angle between the interface and the surface of the test piece 3. The two media 1, 2 preferably comprise a wedge and one of the media is polymethylmethacrylate or epoxy resin. The other medium is water. In a first embodiment (Fig. 5, not shown) an epoxy resin wedge (S) is immersed in water (medium 2). The emitting face of the ultrasonic transducer (Tl) is spaced from but parallel with the face s 1  of the wedge S and is also immersed in the water. Alternatively a wedge S (Fig. 3) of epoxy resin has a die face s 1  contacted by an ultrasonic transducer T. Face s 2  of the wedge S is parallel to a face of the test piece (not shown). A water lens l is incorporated in the wedge S. Spurious reflections are absorbed by material a. An alternative arrangement of a wedge (S) containing a water lens (l) and absorbent material (a) is shown in Fig. 4 (not shown). If a focused ultrasonic beam is required one of the faces of the wedge S can be curved.
Patent GB-513464-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the production of custard powders and like food products
IPC: A23L1/09
Filed: 1938-01-08
Abstract: 513,464. Food preparations. CORN PRODUCTS CO., Ltd., and BEAVER, A. E. A. Jan. 8, 1938, No. 654. [Class 49] A powder from which a custard, blanemange or the like may be made by mixing with a cold aqueous liquid, such as water or milk, is prepared by subjecting an aqueous suspension of starch to the action of diastatic enzyme and thereafter to a pre-gelatinising treatment, and the product suitably comminuted. Preferably, the pre-gelatinizing treatment is effected in the presence of the whole or a part of the sugar and if desired with colouring and flavouring materials. As described, starch or a mixture of starches in sufficient water to give a suspension of 5 to 24‹ BÚ is treated with one-half per cent., reckoned the weight of the starch, of a malt extract of high diastatic value. The mixture is allowed to stand at a temperature of from 60‹ to 140‹F. for a period of from 48 to 24 hours in the presence of mono or di saccharides or both, e.g., dextrose, sucrose or maltose in the proportion of 10 to. 30 per cent. by weight of the solution. At the end of the steeping, flavouring and colouring materials may be added. and the mixture applied as a film to a heated surface which dries the film and pregelatinizes the starch. The dried material is removed from the heated surface by a doctor, and is finely ground. The sugar content may be increased before or during the grinding, and the ground product may be mixed with a milk powder. Maize, tapioca, sago or potato starches or blends thereof may be used as the starting material.
Patent GB-630894-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to regulator gear for electric arc furnaces
IPC: H05B7/152
Filed: 1947-01-08
Abstract: 630,894. Automatic control systems for electric arc furnaces. LEWIS, J. Jan. 8, 1947, No. 700. [Class 38 (iv)] When an arc furnace is working at its proper output, an electrode adjusting motor 14 controlled by a potentiometer 12, 13 is stationary, but when the line current to the electrode 9 or the voltage across the arc varies, the balance of the differential field windings 7, 11 of a motor 4 is upset to drive the potentiometer 13 offcentre and operate motor 14 and the electrode 9 in one direction or the other until balance is again restored. The windings 7, 11 are fed through rectifiers 3, 10 from current and voltage transformers 1, 8 respectively. The motors 4, 14 are excited from a D.C. source 6 and the arm 13 is urged towards its normal central position by a counterweight 22.
Patent GB-849259-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to motor scooters and light-weight motor cycles
Inventor: TURNER EDWARD
IPC: B62K21/18
Filed: 1958-01-08
Abstract: 849,259. Cycle steering heads TRIUMPH ENGINEERING CO Ltd. Jan. 8, 1959 [Jan. 8, 1958], No 709/58. Class 136(3). In a motor scooter or light-weighl motor cycle the head lug 12 in which the steering stem 19 is mounted is produced from a strip of sheet steel which is bent round into the form of a hollow cylinder with the edges of the strip brought close together and then curved outwardly away from each other at spaced points 14, 15 in the length of the lug to provide opposed part-cylindrical seatings for parallel portions of two tubes 10, 11 which form the front end of the frame and are detachably secured to the seatings by bolts 17. A distance piece 16 is provided between the seatings and hollow distance pieces 18 are located in the frame tubes 10, 11 at the points where they are drilled for the bolts 17.