baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent DE-112018000172-B4 (DE)
Title: Numerische Steuervorrichtung
Inventor: KIMATA TOSHIAKI
IPC: G05B19/402
Filed: 2018-07-05
Granted: 2020-09-24
Abstract: Numerische Steuervorrichtung (8) zum Steuern einer Relativverschiebung zwischen einem Werkzeug (5) und einem Werkstück (3) bei einer Werkzeugmaschine (1) unter Verwendung einer Anweisung an eine Antriebseinheit (11), die einen Motor ansteuert, wobei die numerische Steuervorrichtung (8) aufweist:eine werkzeugseitige Verschiebungsmesseinheit (9) zum Messen einer physikalischen Größe, die mit einer Verschiebung des Werkzeugs (5) zusammenhängt;eine werkstückseitige Verschiebungsmesseinheit (10) zum Messen einer physikalischen Größe, die mit einer Verschiebung des Werkstücks (3) zusammenhängt;eine Antriebssignalmesseinheit (12) zum Messen eines Antriebssignals, das von der Antriebseinheit (11) an den Motor ausgegeben wird;eine Relativverschiebungsberechnungseinheit (13) zum Berechnen einer Relativverschiebung zwischen dem Werkzeug (5) und dem Werkstück (3) aus der physikalischen Größe, die sich auf die Verschiebung des Werkzeugs (5) bezieht,und der physikalischen Größe, die sich auf die Verschiebung des Werkstücks (3) bezieht;eine Relativverschiebungsvorhersageeinheit (15) zum Berechnen eines Relativverschiebungsvorhersagewertes, bei dem es sich um einen Vorhersagewert für die Relativverschiebung handelt, aus dem Antriebssignal auf Basis eines Vorhersagemodells, das eine Beziehung zwischen dem Antriebssignal und der Relativverschiebung darstellt;eine Modellparameterbearbeitungseinheit (14) zum Erzeugen von Vorhersagemodellparametern, die das Vorhersagemodell bilden, auf Basis des Antriebssignals, der von der Relativverschiebungsberechnungseinheit (13) erzeugten Relativverschiebung und des Relativverschiebungsvorhersagewertes; undeine Anweisungswertkorrektureinheit (16) zum Ausgeben einer Postkorrekturpositionsanweisung, die durch Korrigieren einer Positionsanweisung unter Verwendung der Vorhersagemodellparameter erhalten wurde, als Anweisung an die Antriebseinheit (11);wobei die Modellparameterbearbeitungseinheit (14) die Vorhersagemodellparameter ändert, um eine Differenz zwischen der von der Relativverschiebungsberechnungseinheit (13) erzeugten Relativverschiebung und dem Relativverschiebungsvorhersagewert zu vermindern.
Patent DD-282705-B5 (DD)
Inventor: LEWTAS KENNETH
IPC: C10L1/22
Filed: 1987-09-23
Abstract: A compound of the general formula <CHEM> in which -Y-R<2> is SO3<(-)(+)>NR @R<2>, -SO3<(-)(+)>HNR@R<2>, -SO3<(-)(+)>H2NR<3>R<2>, -SO3<(-)(+)>H3NR<2>, -SO2NR<3>R<2> or -SO3R<2>; -X-R<1> is -Y-R<2> or -CONR<3>R<1>, -CO2<(-)(+)>NR @R<1>, -CO2<(-)(+)>HNR @R<1>, -CO2<(-)(+)>H2NR<3>R<1>,-CO2<(-)(+)>H3NR<1>, -R<4>-COOR1, -NR<3>COR<1>, R<4>OR<1>, -R<4>OCOR<1>,-R<4>R<1>, -N(COR<3>)R<1> or Z<(-)(+)>NR @R<1>; -Z<(-)> is SO3<(-)> or -CO2<(-)>; R<1> and R<2> are alkyl, alkoxy alkyl or polyalkoxy alkyl containing at least 10 carbon atoms in the main chain; R<3> is hydrocarbyl and each R<3> may be the same or different and R<4> is nothing or is C1 to C5 alkylene and in <CHEM> the carbon-carbon (C-C) bond is either a) ethylenically unsaturated when A and B may be alkyl, alkenyl or substituted hydrocarbyl groups or b) part of a cyclic structure which may be aromatic, polynuclear aromatic or cyclo-aliphatic.
Patent CZ-283311-B6 (CZ)
Title: Probe for sampling gas and temperature measuring in shaft furnaces
Inventor: MAILLIET PIERRE
IPC: G01K13/12
Filed: 1991-03-07
Abstract: The probe comprises a support in the form of a sheath, a series of internal pipes, retained by spacers and connecting orifices distributed along the sheath to a device for measuring and for receiving the gas samples outside the furnace, and thermocouples arranged at the level of the said orifices. In order to enable the pipes to be replaced without disassembly of the probe, the said orifices are situated in steps provided in the sheath, while the internal pipes, for taking gas samples and heat measurements are all individual, straight and exchangeable elements housed in straight support and protection channels, each traversing the sheath from the outside as far as the respective step.
Patent CZ-279587-B6 (CZ)
Title: Apparatus for waste water biological treatment by u sing activated sludge
Inventor: MACKRLE SVATOPLUK ING CSC
IPC: C02F3/06
Filed: 1993-02-15
Abstract: The equipment has at least two funnel separators (3) in the tank in the shared activation space for separation by fluid filtration. The activation space is divided by the shell (4) of the separators (3) from the dividing walls between which there is a central activation space (6) and a peripheral activating space (2) which is separated by a partition and the individual spaces of the tank are separated by the shell (4) of the separators (3), the partition walls and the insert are mutually linked to the closed circulation circuit through a passage in the division wall, holes (13) with transfer channels (14) and passage units (15) in the shell (4), the collecting system of the activated sludge from the separators (3) is connected to the pumping aggregate (18) with  delivery (19)  terminating in the peripheral activation space (2) on the opposite side of the partition to the passage unit.<IMAGE>
Patent CZ-296341-B6 (CZ)
Title: Composition for providing prolonged insulinotropic activity
Inventor: DANLEY DENNIS EDWARD
IPC: A61K9/10
Filed: 1994-02-09
Abstract: In the present invention, there is disclosed a composition for providing prolonged insulinotropic activity containing a polypeptide of the general formula Z-H-A-E-G-T-F-T-S-D-V-S-S-Y-L-E-G-Q-A-A-K-E-F-I-A-W-L-V-X, in which Z and X are as specified in the description wherein said polypeptide solubility is equal to or less than 500 micrograms/ml under physiological conditions and the composition provides to a patient to whom it is administered such concentrations of said polypeptide that are sufficient enough to increase activity of insulin within a time interval necessary to achieve sustained glycemic control of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in a mammal.
Patent CZ-281853-B6 (CZ)
Title: Derivatives of benzopyran, process and intermediates for their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions based thereon
Inventor: MACKENZIE ALEXANDER RODERICK
IPC: C07F7/18
Filed: 1994-07-18
Abstract: A compound of the formula: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X, O R, R1, R2, R3, and R4 are defined in the specification; compositions containing such compounds; intermediates used in the preparation of such compounds; and methods for treating a disease associated with the altered tone and/or motility of smooth muscle, for example chronic obstructive airways disease, asthma, urinary incontinence, irritable bowel syndrome, diverticular disease, oesophageal achalasia, and hypertension.
Patent SK-279621-B6 (SK)
Title: Pipe connection with a sealing ring
Inventor: BAUER PETER
IPC: F16L21/02
Filed: 1994-04-15
Abstract: The invention relates to a pipe connection with a sealing ring (4), which is designed as an air-cushion ring, and is inserted into an encircling groove of the pipe socket (3). The sealing ring (4) is further provided with one or several circumferential sealing ribs (5, 6) and with one or more flaps protruding backwards as a prolongation (7). Between the sealing ring (4) and adjacent surfaces of the pipe socket (3) and the spigot (1), there is a plurality of encircling chambers (8, 9, 10, 16) arranged in the region of the pipe socket (3). An annular orifice (11), which is open from the end of the pipe socket (3), is arranged between the prolongation (7) of the sealing ring (4) and inner face of the pipe socket (3). An asymmetrical front chamber (8), asymmetric to a vertical line to the pipes' axis, is arranged on the level of a pipe socket opening and is diametrical to an external encircling chamber (9), symmetric to a vertical line to the pipes' axis, and is arranged in the encircling groove of the pipe socket (3). Another two encircling chambers (10, 16) are arranged from the end of the pipe socket (3) behind said two chambers (8, 9).
Patent SK-283730-B6 (SK)
Title: Fastening device with expanding part
Inventor: FISCHER ARTUR
IPC: F16B13/10
Filed: 1996-04-12
Abstract: Fixture with holder at back end, and at least one expansion part at front end The expansion part runs longitudinally over part of the length of the shaft and is formed of a longitudinal groove (5) into which an expander element (6) can fit. The longitudinal groove has a trapezoid cross-section with two slide surfaces (22, 23) at an angle of between 100 and 200 deg. to each other, and rising radially towards the front end (14). The expander element has two support surfaces (24, 25) resting on the slide surfaces. The exterior of the expander element has roof-shaped teeth (8) part of which protrude above the shaft (2).
Patent SK-282059-B6 (SK)
Title: Azoles, method for their preparation and pharmaceuticals containing them
Inventor: HEERES JAN
IPC: A61K31/415
Filed: 1995-01-17
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/EP95/00174 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 20, 1996 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 20, 1996 PCT Filed Jan. 17, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO95/19983 PCT Pub. Date Jul. 27, 1995A compound of formula (I),    <IMAGE>  (I)  or a stereochemically isomeric form thereof, wherein A and B taken together form -N=CH-, -CH=N-, -CH2-CH2, CH=CH-, -C(=O)-CH2-, -CH2-C(=O); D is a radical of formula    <IMAGE>  (D1)   <IMAGE>  (D2) GE>  (L1)   <IMAGE>  (L2)  Alk is a C1-4alkanediyl radical; R1 is halo; R2 is hydrogen or halo; R3 is hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, phenyl or halophenyl; R4 is hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, phenyl or halophenyl; R5 is hydrogen or C1-6alkyl; R6 is hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxycarbonyl, or R5 and R6 taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a heterocyclic ring. Active intermediates, compositions and methods of preparing compounds, compositions are described.
Patent CZ-281806-B6 (CZ)
Title: Process for producing sintered ceramic material based on silicon nitride
Inventor: SIDA VLADIMIR ING CSC
IPC: C04B35/584
Filed: 1991-03-20
Abstract: The initial powdered silicon nitride with an admixture of 0.1 to 10% by weight of aluminium and yttrium oxides is processed by extrusion to the shaped semi-product which is then pre-fired at a temperature of 600 to 1,000 degrees C in a vacuum at a minimum pressure of 0.02 Mpa, and then is sintered at a temperature of 1,650 to 1,800 degrees C in an atmosphere of nitrogen at a pressure of 0.05 to 1 MPa and then in an atmosphere of argon at a pressure of 20 to 200 MPa.
Patent CS-276283-B6 (CS)
Inventor: REHACEK JAROSLAV
IPC: F16C3/16
Filed: 1990-03-30
Abstract: Řeší se zařízení pro chlazení hřídele ro- '
tačniho podavače sypkých hmot, převážně
horkého popela z kotelních jednotek na tuhá
paliva a kotlů s fluidním spalováním.
Podstata řešení spočívá v tom, že hřídel
(3) rotačního podavače je na obou koncích
dutý a spojený pevně a vodotěsně s chladičem
(8), čímž je vytvořen uzavřený chladicí
okruh. Nádoba chladiče (8) je kotou­
čového tvaru a je rozdělena na prostory.
Při pomalém otáčení hřídele (3, rotačního
podavače otáčí se shodně i chladič (8)
a ochlazená kapalina (12) stéká s části
chladiče (8) nad osou hřídele (3) rotač­
ního podavače podélnými drážkami (11)
chladicí vložky do části chladiče (8) pod
osůu hřídele (3) rotačního podavače, při­
čemž odebírá hřídeli (3) rotačního podava­
če, ložisku (5) a ucpávce (4) část z tepla,
které jim bylo předáno vedením od tělesa
(1) podavače a komůrkového rotoru (2) podavače.
Rotačním podavačem je možno dopravovat
sypké hmoty do teploty 650 ‘c.
Patent CZ-283074-B6 (CZ)
Inventor: ZIMMERMANN HANS
IPC: H02K9/06
Filed: 1992-11-23
Abstract: U plynem chlazených elektrických strojů se  statorem (3) a rotorem (6), na kterém je  uspořádán axiální ventilátor (9), proudí  chladicí plyn při pohledu ve směru po obvodu do  čelního prostoru (13) vinutí nerovnoměrně. Při  pohledu ve směru proudění chladicího plynu je  před axiálním ventilátorem (9) a souose s ním  uspořádán prstencový vodicí orgán (1) vzduchu s  vodicími plechy (17), který zmenšuje průřez  proudění pro chladicí plyn proudicí vodicím  orgánem (1) vzduchu v hlavním směru proudění  pomocí krytu (23) upraveného na části vnějšího  obvodu vodicího orgánu (1) vzduchu, taže  chladicí účinek je rovnoměrnější.ŕ
Patent CZ-295789-B6 (CZ)
Title: Method for preventing perceivable off-flavor during deep frying, packed portion, and fat package
Inventor: HEERINGA AUKE JAN
IPC: A23D9/007
Filed: 1996-09-19
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preventing or reducing perceivable off-flavor during frying of foodstuff in triglyceride fat that has been used before for deep frying of foodstuff, by adding food grade material to the frying fat prior to the frying wherein the invention is characterized in that the food grade material is fresh triglyceride fat comprising dissolved therein 0.1 to 10 percent of flavor substance, and that the food grade material is added in an amount such that an amount of 0.001 to 0.05 percent by weight of flavor substance in the total amount of frying fat is obtained. Also provided is a packed portion comprising 0.3 to 100 g of fresh triglyceride fat comprising dissolved therein 0.1 to 10 percent of flavor substance, for use in the present method. Further provided is a package comprising at least 2 separately packed parts, one part of which comprises fresh trigyceride frying fat and at least one part of which comprises fresh triglyceride fat comprising dissolved therein 0.1 to 10 percent by weight of flavor substance.
Patent CZ-296257-B6 (CZ)
Title: Process for producing analytic device
Inventor: SCHWOEBEL WOLFGANG
IPC: B01L99/00
Filed: 1999-04-07
Abstract: In the present invention, there is disclosed a process for the production of an analytic device wherein such analytic device includes analytical test elements with a capillary-active zone (8) for examining liquid samples. In the process, a carrier layer (1) is prepared; a spacer layer (2) is laminated onto the carrier layer (1). Subsequently a contour determining the shape of the capillary-active zone (8) is punched, cut or stamped through the spacer layer (2) laminated onto the carrier layer (1). Those parts of the spacer layer (2) which are not required to form the capillary-active zone (8) are removed from the carrier layer (1) and a cover layer is applied to the spacer layer (2) to result in a capillary-active zone (8).
Patent CZ-283590-B6 (CZ)
Title: Method of continuous measuring resistance of track cross shift and apparatus for making the same
Inventor: THEURER JOSEF ING
IPC: B61D15/00
Filed: 1995-06-09
Abstract: The measuring system uses an oscillation generator (21) for causing the tested rail track to oscillate in a horizontal direction, transverse to the track longitudinal direction, with measurement of the operating power for the oscillation generator, as an indication of the transverse displacement resistance of the track. Pref. the pressure of the hydraulic operating fluid used to drive the oscillation generator is measured as an indication of the transverse displacement resistance of the track, pref. with auxiliary measurement of the oscillation frequency and/or amplitude, the vertical loading force acting on the oscillation device (12) and/or the displacement rate of the track testing machine. <IMAGE>
Patent CZ-296167-B6 (CZ)
Title: Process for preparing asphalt mixture
IPC: E01C7/18
Filed: 1996-11-29
Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a dense-graded asphalt mixture, which process comprises adding a hard binder component to a mixture of a soft binder component and aggregate at a temperature of less than 140 degC.
Patent CZ-285523-B6 (CZ)
Inventor: HOFELE HANS DIPL-ING
IPC: B65G25/02
Filed: 1994-10-04
Abstract: Lis má transportní kolejnice (2) a přídržné prostředky (15, 16) na nich uložené pro přesouvací pohyb (4) zpracovávaných dílů ve zpracovávacích stupních, přičemž hnací prostředky (3) pro přesouvací pohyb (4) v oblasti (17) konce transportních kolejnic (2) a hnací prostředky (9) pro zdvihací a spouštěcí pohyb (10) transportních kolejnic (2) a popřípadě hnací prostředky (6) pro otevírací a zavírací pohyb (7) zabírají jednak v této oblasti a jednak v oblasti (18) transportní kolejnice (2) od této oblasti vzdálené. Pro odstranění prostorových problémů při použití vkladače plošných výchozích dílů v plnicí oblasti lisu jako důsledku pohybů transportních kolejnic (2) ve třech osách je délka, vyplývající z délky přesouvacího pohybu (4) transportních kolejnic (2) a z potřebné opěrné délky vodicích prostředků tvořených vedeními (13), zahrnuta do délky vedení (13) v pracovní oblasti lisu. Transportní kolejnice (2) v oblasti (18) vzdálené od hnací oblasti (17) přesouvacího pohybu (4) jsou uloženy nŕ
Patent CZ-284974-B6 (CZ)
Inventor: WURST WOLFGANG
IPC: H01R9/24
Filed: 1994-03-14
Abstract: Spojovací hlava jako pomůcka pro spojování izolovaných vodičů obsahuje přizpůsobovací prostředky (14) pro podepření spojky, řadu prostorově oddělujících prstů (20) na jedné straně přizpůsobovacích prostředků (14), kus vinuté pružiny (22) na druhé straně přizpůsobovacích prostředků (14) a přidržovací prostředky (24) pro podepření vinuté pružiny (22) tak, že vinutá pružina (22) je volně a axiálně pohyblivě uspořádána na přizpůsobovacích prostředcích (14).
ŕ
Patent CZ-280724-B6 (CZ)
Title: Process for preparing raw material for oxidic superconductors
Inventor: NOVAK JOSEF RNDR CSC
IPC: C01G29/00
Filed: 1993-12-29
Abstract: According to this method a solution is added to the solution of nitrate or chloride of the metal ions of yttrium, barium and copper or bismuth, strontium, calcium and copper under intensive mixing, containing 10% excess of oxalate ions and an organic agent free of sulphur, arsenic or phosphorus and containing in its molecule nitrogen and hydroxyl or the carboxyl group bound to the cyclic core or in the side aliphatic chain of the type of bond of cupferron, benzoinoxime, 8-hydroxyquinoline or quinaldinic acid. The acidity is adjusted using an aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide to a pH value of = 2 to 9, according to the type of organic agent used. The resulting quantitatively produced precipitate of all the metal ions contained in the solution is filtered off, dried and annealed with aeration in the known manner.
Patent CZ-290546-B6 (CZ)
Title: Process for preparing 2-chloroacrylonitrile
Inventor: MAIS FRANZ JOSEF
IPC: C07C253/30
Filed: 1996-10-29
Abstract: In the present invention there is disclosed a process for preparing 2-chloroacrylonitrile by chlorination of acrylonitrile and subsequent thermal cracking of the obtained 2,3-dichloropropionitrile. The proposed preparation process can be carried out in a particularly advantageous and technically well feasible manner that acrylonitrile is subjected chlorination in the presence of a catalyst system containing dimethyl formamide and pyridine and/or pyridine derivatives and at the same time the obtained raw 2,3-dichloropropionitrile is then subjected to thermal cracking in the presence of the same catalyst system without addition of other catalysts.
Patent CZ-292456-B6 (CZ)
Title: Preservation compositions and use thereof
Inventor: JIMENEZ COLLADO JUAN
IPC: A01N1/00
Filed: 1995-12-19
Abstract: In the present invention there are disclosed compositions for the preservation of organic tissues comprising a mixture from 12 to 70 percent by volume of at least one dialkyl ketone peroxide containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms in the alkyl moieties, from 10 to 30 percent by volume of glycerol, at least 10 to 75 percent by volume  of at least one alcohol and from 0 to 10 percent by volume of a complementary marking, coloring and/or aromatic agent. Disclosed is also the use of the above described compositions for preservation, preparation or regeneration of human and animal bodies or parts thereof.
Patent CZ-293321-B6 (CZ)
Title: Carrier of electric cables and cable tray being provided with such carrier
Inventor: HARMAND JEAN LOUP
IPC: H02G3/04
Filed: 1997-11-26
Abstract: The invented carrier (1) of electric cables (17), laid along an axis (X) and intended for attachment by cable ties (18), is formed by a cut out shaped metal plate containing at least one cable tray (10) with several juxtaposed slots (12) which allow passage of the cable ties (18) to hold the cables in place in the bottom of the cable tray (10). The slots are 'U'-shaped, with the two straight side branches (12a) coupled to each another by a central rounded-off section (12b), whereby both the side branches (12a) of each shaped slot (12) are parallel to the axis (X). Inside each shaped slot there is performed a suspension tongue (13) that is arranged parallel to the axis (X) and that is defined by its attached end (14) opposite to the rounded-off section (12b) of the shaped slot (12) and by its free end (15) the shape of which is determined by the shaped slot rounded-off section (12b).
Patent SK-280445-B6 (SK)
Title: Carrier bodies and process for manufacturing thereof
Inventor: HERDING WALTER
IPC: B29C48/35
Filed: 1994-03-24
Abstract: A carrier body for fixed-bed bioreactors for purifying fluids with the aid of microorganims, said carrier body being a sheetlike structure with a small thickness in comparison with the carrier body surface and having a porous structure with pores adapted to be penetrated by the fluid and to have microorganisms attach thereto, and being composed with plastics particles (70) bonded together by the application of heat, said carrier body (14) having spacing bars (28) formed integrally with its plastics material for defining the distance to an adjacent carrier body (14). In a process for producing porous carrier bodies for microorganisms, plastic particles (70) are introduced in a shaping chamber (52) whose contents are entrained by movement of movable moulding space (52) confining means in the direction towards a discharge end of the moulding space (52) and in the course of the entraining movement being bonded together to form the porous carrier body (14) structure by supply of heat.
Patent SK-279277-B6 (SK)
Title: Pharmaceutical composition inhibiting atherosclerotic intimal thickening
Inventor: SAITO YASUSHI
IPC: A61P9/10
Filed: 1992-10-02
Abstract: A composition contains an effective amount of a compound of the formula (I) wherein ring X is a group of the formula (II), (III) or (IV) in which R4a is hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl, fluorine, chlorine and bromine, R4b is C1-C4alkyl and phenyl; R5b is C1-C6alkyl, R4c and R5c is hydrogen and C1-C4alkyl; R1 is hydrogen, fluorine, R3 is C3-C5alkyl, C3-C5cykloalkyl, Y is -CH2CH2-, -CH=CH-, Z is -CH(OH)-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-CO2R12 wherein R12 is hydrogen, NH4, sodium, potassium or a monovalent equivalent of a calcium ion or a group of the formula (V) in connection with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or other pharmaceutical intermediates.
Patent SK-280633-B6 (SK)
Title: Process for preparing of 1,2,3,4,4a,5,10,10a-octahydrobenz/g/quinolines
Inventor: SUNAY USTAN BEKIR
IPC: C07D215/00
Filed: 1991-12-09
Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of compounds of the general formula (I) wherein R1 and R2 independently of each other denote hydrogen or a methoxy group whilst both the general substituents can not simultaneously denote hydrogen; and R3 and R4 independently of each other denote an C1-4alkyl, which process can be characterised in that an anion of the general formula (I) compound is obtained in a first phase in highly alk. conditions and this anion is converted to keteneacetal which is protonised in a second phase.
Patent CZ-296746-B6 (CZ)
Title: Windscreen wiper device
Inventor: ZIMMER JOACHIM
IPC: B60S1/04
Filed: 2000-05-25
Abstract: The present invention relates to a windscreen wiper device comprising a fundamental tubular part (10), which is fixedly coupled to an adapter (30) of a bearing housing (22) of a windscreen wiper bearing (20) at least at one end. According to the invention, said fundamental tubular part (10) has an enlarged cross-section (26) in the connecting area (24).