Patent GB-1418014-A (GB)
Title: Coal-conversion process
IPC: C10B53/04
Filed: 1972-12-05
Abstract: 1418014 Converting high-sulphur coal USS ENGS & CONSULTANTS Inc 5 Dec 1972 [6 Dec 1971] 56112/72 Heading C5E Particulate coal containing 1 to 5% by wt. sulphur is converted into conversion products for the production of metallurgical grade coke, and low sulphur gases and liquid fuels by (a) subjecting a first quantity of coal to desulphurization and carbonization by contacting the coal in a fluidized bed at up to 1600‹ F. with at least sufficient char to maintain the free flow of the bed and with a hydrogen-containing gas which contains no more than 2% by vol. hydrogen sulphide and is substantially free of oxygen to yield a char which contains no more than 0À7% by wt. sulphur, gaseous effluents, and liquid effluents including hydrocarbon oils; (b) conducting a coal liquefaction by combining a slurry oil comprising hydrocarbon middle oil with a second quantity of the coal and hydrogenating the combination at 800-960‹ F. and a pressure of 2,000-10,000 p.s.i. to yield gaseous effluents and liquid effluents including light, medium and heavy hydrocarbon oil; (c) collecting, gaseous effluents from steps (a) and (b), treating them to produce hydrogen gas and recycling to step (b) to satisfy the, hydrogen requirement for the hydrogenation; and (d) collecting liquid products from steps (a) and (b), recovering therefrom a fraction comprising hydrocarbon middle oil, and recycling at least a portion of the fraction to step (b) to satisfy the slurry oil requirements of the hydrogenation, the amount of coal fed to step (a) being 30 to 65% by wt. of the total fed to steps (a) and (b) whereby heavy hydrocarbon oil is produced in sufficient quantity to serve as binder for the char product of step (a) in the formation of a green coke material which on calcination at 1500-2400‹ F. will produce a metallurgical grade coke containing less than 0À7% by wt. sulphur. The liquid products are collected and recovered in a first fraction comprising hydrocarbon middle oil and a second fraction comprising heavy hydrocarbon oils, and at least a portion of the second fraction is recycled to step (a) to be converted into char and hydrocarbon middle oil. A mixture of char from step (a) and from 10 to 50% by wt. of the mixture of a binder comprising heavy hydrocarbon oils from the second fraction may be formed into a green coke article and calcined at 1500-2400‹ F. to form an agglomerated metallurgical coke product containing less than 0À7% by wt. sulphur. The proportion of coal employed in step (a) may be from 53-65% of the total coal. Steps (a) or (b), or both, may be conducted substantially in the absence of external catalysts, and the hydrogen required for these steps may be wholly obtained from the gaseous effluents. The liquid fraction recovered in step (d) is recovered from liquids that include tars condensed from gases produced by step (a) and may boil 450‹ to 750‹ F. Step (a) may include separating a fraction from the gases produced by the carbonization and desulphurization, removing hydrogen sulphide from the gas fraction by contact with an aqueous solution of hydrogen sulphide removing agent and saturating the gas fraction with water vapour, and returning the resulting gas fraction to the carbonization and desulphurization as a hydrogen-containing gas therefor. The carbonization and desulphurization may be conducted at 90-300 p.s.i.a. and 900-1600‹ F., and may be continued until the char contains less than 0À6% by wt. sulphur, and in an amount equal to 20-50% by wt. of converted coal. The coal for step (a) may be first dried at 300-450‹ F., and may be heated to carbonization temperature at a rate of at least 144‹ F./min.