Patent GB-357526-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of artificial threads and other materials from cellulose compounds
IPC: D01F2/28
Filed: 1930-03-15
Abstract: Artificial threads, films, and other products are obtained by acting upon a cellulose derivative containing one or more CSS - groups with a reagent which has a tendency to react with a compound containing a hydroxyl group so as to cause introduction of an organic group or radical in place of the hydrogen of the hydroxyl, whereby one or more of the hydroxyl groups of the original cellulose, not already substituted by the CSS - group, is occupied or blocked as a result of the action, by an organic group or groups.  The compound obtained is brought into the appropriate shape or form and acted upon with an agent which has a coagulating effect on the shaped material and a plasticizing effect on the freshly coagulated material, or first with a coagulating agent and then with a plasticizing agent.  As reagents which are to react with viscose, the use of halogen fatty acids, trithiocarbonic esters, and substances providing one or more substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, oxyalkyl, or hydroxyalkyl groups, is excluded.  The following reagents may be used:-Halogen-olefines, halogen alkyl- or aralkyl amines, halogen derivatives of aldehydes or ketones, acid halides such as benzoyl halides, hydrocarbon sulphochlorides such as o- or p-toluene sulphochloride, naphthalene sulphochloride, quinoline sulphochloride, halogen derivatives of substituted chlorphenol ethers such as chloranisols, halogenated amino-phenol ethers such as chlor-anisidine or derivatives thereof, halogenated pseudo-phenols, methylene quinones, and quinols such as o-oxymesityl chloride or piperonyl chloride, sulphochlorides of tertiary amines, sulphochlorides of salicylic acid and chloro- and nitro-derivatives thereof, mono-sulphonamides derived from disulpho-chlorides, aromatic hydrocarbons, xanthic acid esters, halogenated aromatic monocarboxylic acids, halogen derivatives of cyanogen such as cyanogen halides, or cyanuric halides, halogen derivatives of nitrobenzene, diazonium salts, urea halides, alkyl-, phenyl-, and phenyl alkyl-urea halides, phenyl halogen fatty acids such as phenylchloracetic acid, phenylchlorpropionic acid, phenylchlor-lactic or oxypropionic acid, halogen derivatives of heterocyclic compounds such as pyridine, quinoline, and isoquinoline and their homologues, halogenated phenyl olefine alcohols or oxyphenyl olefine alcohols such as cinnamic alcohol dibromide, halogen derivatives of olefine benzene such as o -chlorstyrol, or dichlorstyrol, halogen derivatives of phenyl glycols or phenyl glycerine such as b -phenyl-propylene-glycol-a -chlorhydrin, or benzyl glycol chlorhydrin, or styrol dichloride, phenyl alkylene oxides such as phenyl ethylene oxide or phenyl propylene oxide, phenyl acetylene. In examples viscose is mixed with acetylene dichloride, tri-, or tetrachlorethylene, vinyl chloride, allyl chloride, a -g -dichlorpropylene, dichloracetaldehyde, chloracetone, brompinacoline, a - or b -chlor- or brompropylamine hydrochloride or hydrobromide, bromethylamine hydrobromide, the glycerine ester of ethyl xanthic acid produced by acting on ethyl xanthate with a -dichlorhydrin, chlorethyldiethylamine hydrochloride, o-chlor benzoic acid, o-chlor-nitrobenzene, diazobenzene, phenyl ethyl urea chloride, cinnamic alcohol dibromide, or cyanogen chloride or bromide, or cyanuric chloride.  Bromine or iodine derivatives may be used instead of chlorine derivatives.  As plasticizing bath, strong sulphuric acid, or other strong mineral acid, or a mixture of mineral acid with methyl or other alcohol, or acid esters, or sulphonic acids of aliphatic hydrocarbons, or carboxy-organo-mineral acids such as sulpho acetic acid, or sulphonic acids of aromatic hydrocarbons, or aromatic sulpho-acids containing nitrogen, or baths containing sulphuric acid and bisulphates, or strong sulphuric acid containing formaldehyde or pyridine may be used.  Thorough and prolonged stirring of the reacting mixtures of viscose and the substances added to it is recommended.  The compounds produced are spun into strong sulphuric acid of 40 to 70 per cent strength and above, or first into coagulating baths containing ammonium sulphate, or dilute sulphuric acid with dissolved glucose and sodium, ammonium, and zinc salts.  In the production of artificial threads high spinning speeds may be employed and additional stretching may take place between the spinning bath and the winding bobbin.  This may be effected by passing the threads over glass rods placed angularly to one another. Cotton material may be impregnated or coated on a padding, backfilling, or spreading machine with a solution of viscose and one of the reagents specified, and to the solution, talc, china clay, mica, or lampblack may be added.  The material may first be dried or passed directly, if desired, under tension, through a plasticizing liquid.  It is then washed and dried.  One of the Provisional Specifications refers also to the addition of inorganic esters of monovalent alcohols or halogen derivatives of ethers of monovalent alcohols to viscose. Specifications 274,521, 274,690, 264,161, 281,351, 298,548, 317,608, [all in Class 2 (ii), Cellulose &c.], 341,843, 341,930, 357,121, and 357,154 are referred to.