baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-718188-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in wood pulp and method of producing same
IPC: D21C9/18
Filed: 1951-09-03
Abstract: A mixed ether which contains a polyethylene oxide radical and an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing more than seven carbon atoms, and which is preferably water-soluble but at least slightly water-soluble, is added to wood pulp, prior to the completion of drying, in a proportion of 0.015 to 0.5 per cent. by weight based on the bone dry weight of the pulp.  The addition prevents inactivation in non-aqueous conversion processes, e.g. the production of cellulose acetate, and in aqueous conversion processes, e.g. the viscose process.  The preferred mixed ethers contain 8 to 50 ethenoxy groups and a normal primary aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of 8-20 carbon atoms.  They may be prepared by conventional processes from fatty alcohols and ethylene oxide using sodium as a catalyst.  The fatty alcohols may be synthetic or may be prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of vegetable or animal oils.  Pure or technical fatty alcohols may be used.  It is preferred to incorporate the mixed ethers in the refined wood pulp on the sheet-forming machine prior to drying by means of sprays or rotating rolls, so that the mixed ethers are incorporated on one or both surfaces of the sheet.  Tests are reported giving the effect of the addition of compounds such as the dodeca-ethenoxy ether of lauryl alcohol and the nonadeca-ethenoxy ether of oleyl alcohol to wood pulp intended for use in acetylation and xanthation processes.  Specifications 601,783 and 685,843 are referred to.
Patent GB-1423009-A (GB)
Title: Biomedical electrode
IPC: A61B5/0408
Filed: 1973-05-02
Abstract: 1423009 Bio-medical electrode BIOMEDICAL INTERNATIONAL CO 2 May 1973 [8 Sept 1972] 20821/73 Heading A5R [Also in Division G1] An electrode 10 for measuring bio-potentials comprises a conductor 20, a mercury calomel mixture 14 in electrical contact with the conductor 20, and a physiological saline solution 18 in contact with the mixture 14 and with a flexible membrane 16 permitting ionic conduction through it. The electrode 10 is in the form of a half cell housed in an insulating cylinder 12. The conductor 20 is a platinum wire which passes through a plug 36 and is connected to an insulated copper wire 34, and the membrane 16 is a regenerated cellulose sheet which closes an open side of the housing 12 and is sealed thereto by an O-ring 42 in a groove 26. A threaded bore 28 is formed in the housing 12 and sealed by a screw 31 and is used to place the mixture 14 and glass wool packing 38 in an insulating tube 32. The mixture 14 contains 50% each of mercury and mercurous chloride but other proportions may be used. The saline solution contains 9 gms of sodium chloride per litre of water and does not completely fill the housing 12 which includes an air pocket so that the membrane 16 can conform to an external surface more easily.
Patent GB-613832-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to machines for dividing dough and other plastic materials
IPC: A21C5/00
Filed: 1945-08-14
Abstract: 613,832. Dough-dividing machines. WRIGHT, H. F., and CRAWFORD MACHINERY CO., Ltd. Aug. 14, 1945. No. 20825. [Class 87 (ii)] Dough from a hopper 16 is rolled between a flanged rotary drum 5 and two rollers 31, 26, and the rolled dough is cut into sections by a rotary divider 44 having knives 45. The hopper is pivoted at 15 on the machine frame, and is held in the operative position shown by a screw clamp 17. On release of the clamp, the hopper may be removed. A tail-piece 20 on the hopper extends between the drum flanges and prevents escape of dough. The machine is driven by an electric motor 14, which drives shaft 10 carrying worms 9, 48, 33 which drive worm wheels carried by drum 5, divider 44 and roller 26 respectively. Roller 31 is driven from roller 26 by a belt 34. The rollers are vertically adjustable by screw means 22, 35, to vary the nip. Roller 31 is further from the drum than is roller 26, and may rotate faster than roller 26 so as to bunch dough towards the latter. Roller 31 may be larger than roller 26. A scraper 40 scrapes roller 26. A spring-pressed plate 42 closes the gap 39 in the hopper into which roller 31 extends. Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 7598/15, [Class 87 (ii)].
Patent GB-1075155-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the manufacture of carbon artefacts
Inventor: JENKINS MANSEL JOHN
IPC: C04B35/532
Filed: 1963-05-24
Abstract: A carbon artefact is made by a process comprising mixing into a hot-formable mass a grist of green pitch coke, obtained from a coal tar and having a volatile content, exclusive of water, of 5 to 11% by weight, and a binder comprising pitch from the same coal tar, said mass being subsequently baked by gradual heating to carbonize the binder.  The hot-formable mass may also include a tar distillation residue of lower melting-point than the pitch. The baked artefact may be graphitized, if desired, after impregnation of the artefact with, e.g. a coumarone-indene resin or crude tar and baking of the impregnated artefact.
Patent GB-1165307-A (GB)
Title: Method of Treating a Length of Material
Inventor: CUCKSON KENNETH
IPC: D06C7/04
Filed: 1968-05-02
Abstract: 1,165,307. Treating material; bobbins. ROLLS-ROYCE Ltd. 2 May, 1968, No. 20909/68. Heading B8M. [Also in Divisions C1 and D1] A method of treating a length of material comprises winding the material on to a plurality of flanged bobbins 10, disposing the bobbins coaxially end to end in a line, and passing the line of flanged bobbins into, through and out of a treatment chamber 13, having inlet 16 and outlet 17 conduits through which the bobbins pass and to which the flanges of the bobbins 11 are substantially sealed throughout their passage therethrough. Carbon fibres are prepared by winding a polyacrylonitrile or other carbonaceous fibrous material on graphite bobbins 10 and passing the bobbins 10 through a furnace 13, in which there is an inert atmosphere and the temperature is higher at the outlet than at the inlet, to carbonize and graphitize the fibrous material. A composite sheet (23) is prepared by impregnating a carbon fibre (18) with resin and winding the fibre on to a drum (21), curing the resin, then slitting the composite cylinder thereby formed axially and removing the sheet (23) from the drum (21).
Patent GB-1267497-A (GB)
Title: Push button dispensers
IPC: B65D83/14
Filed: 1969-03-27
Abstract: 1,267,497. Spray producers. J. R. GEIGY S.A. 27 March, 1969 [28 March, 1968; 28 Jan., 1969], No. 20924/70. Divided out of 16208/69. Addition to 1,212,375. Heading B2F. Push button dispensers of Specification 1,212,375 for dispensing in spray form a fluid active agent by means of a propellant gas accommodated under pressure in a reservoir 43 surrounded by a container holding the active agent, comprising a mounting 2 carrying the reservoir and the container, said mounting comprising high pressure obturation means 15 for the propellant reservoir, a push button 8 being provided, which has a tubular control stem 7 which allows the propellant and active agent to travel to a spray nozzle 9 and which is arranged so that it slides in the mounting and controls the high pressure obturation means, said mounting comprising a central body 2, the reservoir has a neck attached to the outer periphery 68 of the mounting, the high pressure obturator comprising a gasket 15 fitted into a recess 65 of the body of the mounting directed towards the propellant reservoir, the propellant reservoir having a neck attached to the base of the mounting outside the recess and the gasket being secured in the recess by a fastening ring 66 consisting of an annular component extending into the recess and contacting the gasket and being fastened between the body of the mounting and the neck of the propellant reservoir, are characterised in that the fastening ring is made of flexible, deformable and at least slightly resilient material and has a tubular upper portion 66c in resilient contact 66e with the gasket and another portion 66d extending downwardly and flaring outwardly with an outwardly extending flange 71 in tight engagement with the propellant reservoir. The ring may be flared in a smooth curve or generally in the shape of a truncated cone, and may be made of metal, e.g. aluminium.
Patent GB-278848-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in, and relating to, taps or cocks
IPC: F16K11/02
Filed: 1926-08-25
Abstract: 278,848. Gummers, Ltd., Gummer, L. W., and Gummer, P. Aug. 25, 1926. Mixing-valves.-Mixing-valves for hot and cold water &c., comprising two lift valve members e, f, Figs. 1 and 5, disposed in axial alignment astride one common outlet b with a common operating handle or lever j, are arranged so as to be selfclosing when the operating handle is released. The two lift valves e, f are shown in Fig. 1 as separate with a spring r interposed, so that in operation by the common cam lever j the valve e (which may be the cold water valve) is opened first whilst the upper valve (for hot water) is kept closed by a spring s until pushed up by the already opened lower valve. The valves are closed by the action of the springs, the upper and lower valves closing in succession. The valves may be rigid connected as shown in Fig. 5, the upper valve f having a closing extension below the lift closure so as to obtain opening and closing in succession. A screw actuation, with weighted lever, and a foot-lever arrangement may. also be adapted to the aforesaid valves.
Patent GB-748691-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to lever operated electric switches
IPC: H01H23/14
Filed: 1951-09-05
Abstract: 748,691. Snap-action switches; retractive switches. C. W. C. EQUIPMENT, Ltd., and BRIDLE. K. F. Aug. 22, 1952 [Sept. 5, 1951]. No. 20977/51. Class 38(5) A switch, having a rocker 12 carrying movable contacts 15, 16 co-operating with fixed contacts 17, 18, is operated by a lever 25 having a spherical part 27 engaging corresponding surfaces on two plates 28, 29 which are riveted together at 30 to form a lid for the casing 3, a rubber member 33 being arranged around the spherical part 27 so as to exclude moisture. The lever carries a spring-pressed plunger 24 which has a tapered end which is a force-fit in an aperture in a member 23 carrying rollers 21 acting on the rocker 12. The rocker may have a central recess, as shown, to give a central "off" position, or this recess may be replaced by recesses at the ends of the rocker. Alternatively, the switch may be retractive. The rocker 12 has lugs 13, 14 engaging in recesses in the ends of the legs of a U-shaped support 11 and the external width of the rocker corresponds to the internal width of the support 11 so as to prevent lateral movement of the rocker. Similarly, the overall width of the rollers 21 corresponds to the internal width of the rocker. According to the Provisional Specification, the rocker pivots about a projection on a central terminal and the rocker and roller are guided by the interior surfaces of the casing walls. Specification 748,748 is referred to.
Patent GB-1095283-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to electric supply apparatus
Inventor: BRIDGES DAVID REX
IPC: H05B41/42
Filed: 1963-05-27
Abstract: 1,095,283. Discharge lamp circuits. ADVANCE ELECTRONICS Ltd. July 17, 1964 [May 27, 1963], No. 21038/63. Heading H2H. A mercury vapour discharge lamp is connected in series with a capacitor 6 across taps on a leakage transformer 1-4 which is arranged so that the lowest voltage tap gives a condition nearest to resonance hence the no-load voltage is not reduced in proportion to the tapping voltage. The secondary winding 3 operates in a condition of saturation and a magnetic shunt 4 divides it from the primary winding. A capacitor 12 avoids an open circuit condition for the lamp when changing tappings, which capacitor also resonates during starting. Circuit values for the capacitors are given in the Specification.
Patent GB-605954-A (GB)
Title: Improved solid-fuel fired instantaneous steam boilers for locomotives
IPC: F22B21/00
Filed: 1945-08-17
Abstract: 605,954. Instantaneous steam boilers. SPLADIS SOC. POUR L'APPLICATION D'INVENTIONS SCIENTIFIQUES. Aug. 17, 1945, Nos. 21046 and 21047. Convention dates, Oct. 12, 1944, and Oct. 30, 1944. Addition to 602,113. [Class 123(ii)] A solid-fuel fired locomotive boiler comprises a vertical combustion chamber 23, Fig. 1, which is disposed in a fuel tank 15 and so defined by a barrel 14 having a refractory lining 19 with internal airheating ducts 20 opening above the crater 22 of the furnace 21, and a horizontal supplementary combustion chamber 25 which is located externally of the fuel tank and at one end communicates through a conduit 24 with the main chamber 23 and at the other end is extended to house banks 43, 44, 45 of steam generating and superheating tubes. Air is supplied to the furnace 21 through the ducts 20, preferably by a Root's blower, &c. located in the tender 17, and, simultaneously, water from a reservoir 18 in the tender is fed to a tube 33, constituting the base of the furnace, and from thence through preheating tubular coils 35, 36 in the fuel tanks, tubes 37, 38 surrounding the refractory conduit 24, and helical coils 39, 41 lining the secondary combustion chamber 25, the water in the coil 41 flowing in the direction opposite to the combustion gases and to convection tube assemblies or sections in the chamber, viz.: -an initial vaporization section 43, a vaporization section proper 44 and a superheating section 45 disposed between the other two sections. Superheated steam from the section 45 is then led to the engine 48 of the locomotive, the exhaust from the latter escaping through a blast pipe 49 to the chimney 30. The sections 43, 44, 45 each preferably comprises a number of groups of verticallydisposed U-tubes, with the tubes in each group in parallel and the groups themselves in series, and associated headers 51, Fig. 3, with spaced partitions, as shown, so that, for example, water from the coil 41 with flow through a pipe 42 to the first header 51 and from thence in the direction of the arrow 52 through successive groups of tubes 43 and compartments 53, 54, 55.... , respectively. The supplies of water and combustion air may be regulated in accordance with the steam demand by a manometric device,. Fig. 5, comprising a cylinder 57 locating a piston 61 with an axially-projecting control rod 68, the piston being subjected on the one side to the outlet steam pressure through a pipe 58 and on the other side to the combined pressures of the atmosphere, admitted through a port 66a and confined by a pleated tube 59, and a spring 63, the latter being adjustable by a nut 66 formed with a pinion 67 for rotation from the driver's cab. In a modification, not shown, the exhaust steam from the engine 48 is first led through a feed-water heater, disposed in the line between the coil 41 and initial vaporisation section 43, and a condensate separator before evacuation through the chimney 30.
Patent GB-1071394-A (GB)
Title: Carbonizing cellulosic material
IPC: D01F9/16
Filed: 1964-05-21
Abstract: A carbonizable material is carbonized at an elevated temperature in an inert atmosphere or in a vacuum, the treatment being interrupted at least once before complete carbonization has occurred and the partially carbonized material being treated with an organic solvent to remove by-products of carbonization therefrom.  The material is carbonized to the extent of losing 10 to 75% of its weight by heating, e.g. in an atmosphere of N2, He or A in a furnace or in a vacuum in an autoclave. The by-products deposited on the material are removed by immersing it in the organic solvent or by passing the solvent over the material.  Solvents specified are tetrahydrofuran, gasoline, naphtha, benzene, lower alkyl substituted benzenes (e.g. toluene, xylene and ethyl benzene), spirits, light mineral oil, acetone, ether, methyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, furfural alcohol, furfural aldehyde, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, 2-ethoxy ethanol, 2-ethoxy ethyl acetate and dimethyl formamide. Halogenated solvents are preferred, e.g. carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, ethylene dichloride, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, ethyl chloride, chloral, dichlorodifluormethane, bromoform and ethylene dibromide.  The carbonization is subsequently continued at a higher or lower temperature and for the time desired, e.g. at 2700 DEG  C. or higher to produce graphite. There may be several solvent treatment steps between carbonization steps, e.g. 2 of the former and 3 of the latter.  The carbonizable material may be initially immersed in a solvent, e.g. a hydrocarbon oil and partially carbonized by heating therein prior to removal from the bath and treatment with a second solvent, such as one of higher volatility and miscible with the first solvent.  These steps may be repeated.  The carbonizable material is desirably a form of cellulose, e.g. rayon, cotton, linen, wood, paper, straw, ramie, sisal, hemp or flax and may be a single continuous filament, fibres, yarns, or woven or unwoven cloth or tape.  Rolls of cloth or ropes of yarn may be carbonized in a solvent bath by a batch or continuous process as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, respectively (not shown).
Patent GB-827828-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to processes for increasing the casting output in continuous casting installations
IPC: B22D11/128
Filed: 1958-07-01
Abstract: 827,828. Continuous-casting machines; making ingots. MANNESMANN A.G. July 1, 1958 [July 1, 1957], No. 21064/58. Addition to 762,971. Classes 83 (1) and 83 (2). All the corrugations of an emergent continuous-casting made according to the process of the parent Specification, which is referred to, are levelled by the guide-rollers below the mould. The casting may then be heated by oxygenburners for scaling.
Patent GB-205603-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to tickets and the like for attaching to articles of commerce
IPC: G09F3/04
Filed: 1922-08-02
Abstract: 205,603. Lowe, A., Carr, R. W., and Benson, J. F. Aug. 2, 1922. Labels or tickets are provided with single or double T-shaped slots a to enable them to be attached to garments by passing a button through the slot. Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specifications 3410/82, 27426/12, and 139,062.
Patent GB-928267-A (GB)
Title: Laminates
IPC: C23C28/02
Filed: 1961-06-12
Abstract: 928,267. Laminates. E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS & CO. June 12, 1961 [Aug. 15, 1960], No. 21112/61. Class 140. [Also in Group XXXVI] A laminate, constituted of at least three layers comprises a layer of polytetrafluoroethylene (P.T.F.E.) and a layer of copper, both in adherent contact with an intermediate layer comprising a copolymer of from 95 to 50 parts by weight of tetrafluoroethylene and from 5 to 50 parts by weight of hexafluoropropylene, the surface of the layer of copper in contact with the intermediate layer being coated with cadmium, nickel or tin or an alloy thereof. The laminate may be made by assembling the layers and subjecting the assembly to heat and pressure. The layer of P.T.F.E. may be a sheet or film, or a block, tube or other shaped structure. It may be rigid or flexible, and reinforced or unreinforced. The reinforcement may be of glass, asbestos, metal or other heat-resistant woven or non-woven fabric. The copper may be in the form of a sheet or foil and may be coated by electroplating, vacuum deposition or hotdipping. The copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene may be prepared by aqueous copolymerization of the monomers under heat and pressure in the presence of a persulphate catalyst. The intermediate layer may be reinforced with heat-resistant woven or non-woven fabric, and both the P.T.F.E. and the copolymer layers may include heat-resistant additives such as pigments and fillers, e.g. TiO 2 , metallic powders, finely-divided glass, mica and asbestos. The laminate may comprise single or multiple layers of P.T.F.E., copolymer and copper; or a central layer of P.T.F.E. with, disposed on either side, successively a layer of copolymer and a layer of copper. U.S.A. Specifications 2,539,329 and 2,549,935 are referred to.
Patent GB-1502100-A (GB)
Title: Discone aerials
IPC: H01Q9/28
Filed: 1975-05-09
Abstract: 1502100 Aerials DEFENCE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR 9 May 1975 [13 May 1974] 21149/74 Heading H4A A skeleton discone aerial is also used as a radar corner reflector in a collapsible assembly. As claimed a discone aerial comprises four elongate narrow conductors 7 forming the non-basal edges of a square right pyramid, connected at the apex of the pyramid, and having radar reflective material 8 disposed between diagonally opposite pairs of the conductors and in the basal plane of the pyramid in three mutually orthogonal planes. The reflective material 8 may be metallized cloth or sheet, or cloth or sheet incorporating metal wires. The aerial may be collapsibly mounted on an inflatable air bag.
Patent GB-1423684-A (GB)
Title: Surface acoustic wave logic devices
IPC: H03K19/02
Filed: 1973-05-04
Abstract: 1423684 Acoustic surface wave logic devices STANDARD TELEPHONES & CABLES Ltd 4 May 1973 21243/73 Heading H3U A surface acoustic wave logic device comprises a piezoelectric body, e.g. a Y-cut lithium niobate crystal, having on its propagating surface 11 areas of material 14, 18 such as wax or p.t.f.e. which absorb unwanted acoustic wave energy. In the embodiment of Fig. 1, four identical interdigitated input transducers 12, 15, 16, 17 on the surface 11 are positioned equidistantly from an output transducer 13, transducers 12, 16 and 15, 17 receiving respectively first and second r.f. input signals I/P 1 , I/P 2 . In a second embodiment (Fig. 2, not shown) two input transducers are placed at distances from an output transducer which differ by a bit length +¢# (where # is the r.f. wavelength) so that successive input signals which arrive at the input transducers in antiphase produce an output from the device. Alternatively the path lengths may differ by exactly one bit length. A third embodiment, Fig. 3, has input transducers 31, 32 and output transducers 34, 33, the signals being propagated to transducer 33 via multi-strip couplers 35, 36. In a final embodiment (Fig. 4, not shown) a single output transducer (48) extends between the two transducers of each of four input transducer pairs. To two of the input pairs are fed clock pulses and to the other two pairs are fed respective digital signals, so that the device functions as a clocked OR gate.
Patent GB-1418858-A (GB)
Title: Electrical rotary contacts
IPC: H01R39/64
Filed: 1972-12-21
Abstract: 1418858 Continuous casting; arc cutting LA SOUDURE ELECTRIQUE AUTOGENE PROCEDES ARCOS SA 21 Dec 1972 [9 Dec 1972] 21251/75 Divided out of 1417710 Headings B3F and B3V [Also in Divisions H2 and H5] Electrical contacts comprise a fixed, hollow outer contact coaxially surrounding and spaced from a rotatable solid disc-like inner contact, an electroconductive liquid filling the space between the contacts, the outer contact having a double wall defining a space for the passage of coolant fluid.  The easing of a rotary plasma furnace 71 has a flange 70 rotatable in sealed bearings 76, 77 in a fixed hollow casing 73, the cavity between the casing 73 and the flange 70 being filled with mercury. Cooling water circulates through a passage in the wall of the casing 73 via insulative pipes 76. Positive potential from a source 74 is applied via the contacts 73, 70 to a rotatable Venturi 72 surrounding a fixed cathode 75 which receives negative potential directly from the source 74. The plasma furnace may have sets of contacts of both ends (88<SP>1</SP>, Fig. 2, not shown) between which an alternating p.d. may be maintained by a further source (86). The inner disc 93, Fig. 3, of another embodiment is set in motion by a rotating magnetic field provided by windings 94 built into the fixed outer contact 95 and thus supplies, via a shaft 97, both electric current and mechanical torque to a non-consumable rotatable electrode 100 of a fusion furnace 101 similar to that described in Specification 1,240,547, or to an arc-cutting wheel 100, Figs. 4 and 5. Specification 1,417,710 is referred to.