Patent GB-572577-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the acid treatment of metals and to processes for theproduction of inhibitors therefor
IPC: D21G7/00
Filed: 1943-04-05
Abstract: A pickling inhibitor is prepared by reacting a chlorinated aliphatic or araliphatic compound in which the chlorine is present in a chlor methyl group with a hetero-cyclic nitrogenous base derived from coal tar and an inorganic thiocyanate or thiourea or both.  The chlorinated compound may be heated with either the base or the thiocyanate (or thiourea) and the reaction product heated with the remaining reactant; alternatively, the chlorinated compound, the base and the inorganic thiocyanate (or thiourea) may be reacted together simultaneously.  The proportions of the reactants used are so chosen that approximately one gram atom of basic nitrogen in the form of the coal tar base, and one gram equivalent, in the aggregate, of the thiocyanate (CNS) and/or thiourea are added for each gram atom of chlorine added in the form of the chlorinated compound.  Suitable chlorinated compounds specified are ethylene and propylene dichlorides, 2.21-dichlorodiethyl ether di-(b -chloroisopropyl) ether, o .o 1-triethylene glycol dichloride, o .o 1-tetraethylene glycol dichloride, benzyl chloride and a -naphthyl methyl chloride. The coal tar bases may be pyridine, lutidines, picolines, collidines, quinoline and substituted quinolines, or commercial cuts known as crude pyridine bases, crude quinoline bases or a crude quinoline fraction from which the quinoline itself has been removed.  The thiocyanates are preferably water-soluble, such as ammonium, alkali metal, or alkaline earth metal thiocyanates.  One method of manufacture consists in heating a mixture of the cyclic nitrogenous base with the chlorinated compound until the reaction product is soluble in water and then reacting the product with a thiocyanate or thiourea.  The final product obtained when a thiocyanate is used, being insoluble, may be washed free of metallic or ammonium salts; the purified reaction mass is dissolved with the aid of a water-soluble solvent such as ethanol or isopropanol and as such may be conveniently added to an acid solution wherein it is readily dispersed.  When thiourea is employed, it may be added in the dry form or together with water.  The final product is water-soluble.  If the water in the reaction mass is completely evaporated, a fusible resin is obtained.  This inhibitor is used either in concentrated aqueous solution or diluted in a powder with common salt, anhydrous sodium sulphate or other inert water-soluble diluent.  "Weighting" materials may be added to the concentrated solution to facilitate its dissolution in the acid solution; for example, sulphuric and phosphoric acids and certain metal salts compatible with the other ingredients may be added to increase the density.  Wetting agents such as hydrocarbon sulphonates or sulphated alcohols may be added to assist the wetting of the powder by the acid solution.  Another method of manufacture consists in first reacting together the chlorinated compound with a thiocyanate or thiourea in the presence or absence of a mutual solvent and reacting the product with a cyclic nitrogenous base.  The inhibitors may also be prepared by heating all their components together in one step.  The temperatures employed are generally above the boiling point of water and not greater than 180 DEG  C.  It is stated that when a thiocyanate is employed, the three processes mentioned above give identical products, but when thiourea is used, different products are obtained depending on the order in which the reactants are added. The products obtained may be employed in metal pickling and cleaning operations as inhibitors and find other applications such as the protection of steel drums or vessels against corrosion by contained acid solutions.  There may be employed between five-thousandths to one-tenth of one per cent concentration with marked reduction of attack by acid.  In examples: (1) coal tar pyridine bases (having a boiling range of 140 DEG  C. to 360 DEG  C.) are heated with 2.21-dichlordiethyl ether and the product heated with ammonium thiocyanate.  The reaction mass obtained is dissolved in water containing sulphuric acid and denatured alcohol, giving a solution which disperses well in acid solutions used for pickling and cleaning; (2) as in example (1), using thiourea in place of the thiocyanate; the product is heated until substantially dehydrated and the fusible resin mixed with common salt and sodium isopropyl naphthalene sulphonate and ground to a powder; (3) a crude quinoline base extract of coal tar from which the quinoline itself has been removed, is heated with triethyleneglycol dichloride and the product then heated with sodium thiocyanate; the water-insoluble mass obtained is washed to remove sodium chloride and may be dissolved in a suitable solvent for use, as in example (1); (4) 2.21-dichlorodiethyl ether is heated with ammonium thiocyanate in alcohol; the product is heated to remove the alcohol, is washed with water to remove ammonium chloride and then reacted with pyridine. The product when dissolved in water gives a useful inhibitor solution, the freezing point of which can be lowered by addition of alcohol. Specification 18516/94, [Class 2], is referred to.