baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-579669-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the production of cellulose
IPC: D21C3/04
Filed: 1943-11-05
Abstract: Cellulose is obtained from lignocellulosic materials, e.g. wood or straw, by heating them with a mixture of an aqueous lower aliphatic acid and nitric acid through which an oxidising gas is passed, followed by treatment with alkali.  The oxidising gas is preferably oxygen or air and is preferably introduced into the acid mixture at a level below the cellulosic material.  Specified lower aliphatic acids are acetic and propionic acids.  Instead of employing free nitric acid in the reaction mixture, metallic nitrates, e.g. nitrates of copper, iron, manganese, sodium, potassium and the alkaline earth metals, or a mixture of a metallic nitrate and nitric acid may be added to the aqueous aliphatic acid solution.  The materials may be pretreated with dilute alkali, and after treatment with the acid mixture, the solid material is filtered off, and washed, and oxidation products of lignin are removed by boiling with an aqueous caustic soda solution.  The crude cellulose may then be purified by one or more treatments with cold alkali solution, followed by one or more treatments with more dilute alkali solution at elevated temperatures.  Before or after the purification treatment the material may be bleached, for example, with hypochlorite or sodium chlorite solution.  Numerous examples are given, in one of which elm sawdust is boiled with a weak caustic soda solution, washed and dried, and heated at 90-95 DEG  C. in aqueous acetic acid containing nitric acid and through which a current of pure oxygen p  is passed. The solid material is separated, washed, boiled in weak caustic soda solution, bleached with calcium hypochlorite and purified by treatment with cold 12 per cent caustic soda solution, followed by boiling in a 1 per cent caustic soda solution.  In the Provisional Specification it is stated that when a metallic nitrate is used in the reaction mixture, it is not essential that an oxidising gas should be present.  Specifications 442,020 and 474,305 are referred to.
Patent GB-411689-A (GB)
Title: Process for reducing the electric excitability of photographic films made from highly polymeric colloids
IPC: G03C1/89
Filed: 1933-06-28
Abstract: Films of cellulose derivatives, polyvinyl compounds, albumens, or other highly polymerized colloids are provided with a coating of a salt of a polymerized carboxylic acid or a salt of a mixed polymerization or condensation product containing a polymerized carboxylic acid.  The coating may be applied to the film base or to the finished photographic film.  It may be applied as a layer to the back of the film or as an adhesive layer between the sensitive emulsion and the base.  Salts which may be used are those of polyglycuronic acid, polyacrylic acid, polycinnamic acid, or meta-styrol-carboxylic acid.  The ammonium salt of polyglycuronic acid is excluded.  There may be used salts of the mixed polymerization products of vinyl chloride and acrylic acid, or nitrilo-acrylic acid and acrylic acid, or vinyl methyl ether, nitrilo-acrylic acid and a styrolcarboxylic acid.  The coating may be used instead of the usual gelatine coating.  In an example a solution of a polymerization product, obtained from a mixture of nitrilo-acrylic acid and sodium acrylate, in acetone and methanol is applied to both sides of a cellulose acetate film.  The film is then coated with sensitive emulsion on both sides.  It may be used in X-ray work since it does not become electrically charged.  A mixture of methyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol may be used as solvent for the coating material.  The treated films may be used as photographic, cinema, or colour-screen films.  No markings due to electric discharges are noticed on the developed films.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 contains an example in which a foil made from chlorinated polyvinyl chloride is treated with a solution of the triethanolamine salt of a polymerization product of vinyl chloride and acrylic acid.  This subjet-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.
Patent GB-918540-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to receivers for pulse signals
IPC: G01S7/36
Filed: 1945-07-18
Abstract: 918,540. Pulse width discriminating circuits. BARKER, G. C., and LEWIN, G. F. July 18 1945, No. 18473/45. Classes 40 (5), 40 (6) and 40 (7). In a pulse width discriminating circuit for rendering the indicator of a pulse receiver inoperative for signals exceeding a predetermined duration, the charge on a condenser is varied at a predetermined rate during a pulse, the potential across the condenser controlling. the conductivity of a valve. The circuit is described as applied to a radar receiver subject to jamming by a frequency-modulated carrier corresponding to a very long pulse, pulses greater than a predetermined width causing the cathode-ray tube to be blacked out. A modification is also described for eliminating ground returns in an airborne radar set. Reducing effect of jamming signals.-Video signals, comprising a ground ray, echo and long jamming signal, are applied after D.C. restoration by diode D1, Fig. 1, to a cathode follower V1, low amplitude noise signals being suppressed by diode D2, the cathode of which is biased negatively over resistance R2. The output from valve V1 is differentiated by condenser K2 and resistance R4, and fed through amplifying valves V2, V3. The point B is held at a negative potential, current flowing through resistances R6, R5 and diode D4 to maintain the condenser K4 at a predetermined potential. The positive-going pulses, applied over diode D3 to resistance R5 cut off diode D4, the condenser K4 discharging over resistance R6. A long pulse, such as a jamming signal, allows the grid potential of thyratron V4 to fall sufficiently for the valve to fire, discharging condenser K5 and feeding a negative waveform to black-out the cathode-ray tube. The input signal is also fed over the D.C. restoring and limiting diodes D6, D5 to valve V6, producing a negative-going waveform which cuts off the normally conducting valve V5. If the pulse is sufficiently long for the thyratron to fire the condenser K5 cannot recharge over valve V5 and remains discharged until the cessation of the pulse. To assist in the adjustment of the circuit a magic eye valve V7 indicates when valve V4 is being fired. Airborne radar, ground return suppression.- The input video signals are fed over a delay line DN, Fig. 2, to an amplifying valve V15 feeding a cathode-ray tube and to a D.C. restoring and limiting double diode D15. Each output pulse from valve D15 is integrated over resistance R85 and the grid-cathode capacity of normally non-conducting valve V45. If the pulse is sufficiently prolonged the grid potential of valve V45 rises to the point where it conducts to produce a negative-going waveform which is used to black-out the cathode-ray tube. In order to discharge the grid-cathode capacity rapidly when a short pulse is received, the delayed input pulse is fed to the outer control grid of the hexode U35, rendering it conducting. With a pulse longer than the delay time of the network DN the hexode U35 is cut-off at the inner grid by the output pulse so that the delayed input pulse is ineffective.
Patent GB-237288-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the electrolytic separation of metallic chromium
IPC: C25C1/10
Filed: 1925-07-20
Abstract: 237,288. Liebreich, E. July 21, 1924, [Convention date]. Chromium oxides and chromium, obta.ining.- An electrolyte for the deposition of chromium is prepared by preliminary electrolytic reduction of a solution of chromic acid in water in which the proportion of sulphuric acid to chromium acid is not greater than 1.2 per cent by weight. During the reduction the current density at the cathode should be maintained to such a value that no metallic chromium is separated. Specification 159,887 is referred to.
Patent GB-156842-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of dough
IPC: A21C3/00
Filed: 1919-07-25
Abstract: 156,842. Lunt, E. S., Lunt, J. H., and Fisher, W. E., (Representatives of Lunt, G.). July 25,1919. Dough-working machines. - Dough is discharged from the mixer into a moving trough or creeper in which it is allowed to rise or prove while slowly moving along, hand or mechanical sheeting or like devices being provided at intervals in the path of the dough, preferably between successive creepers, to disseminate the ferment, the dough being finally delivered to the divider. Preferably a number of creepers are superposed, with sheeting rolls at their delivery ends. As shown, each comprises three similar endless belt conveyers 3, 10, forming the floor and sides of the moving trough, the conveyers having chains passing over sprocket wheels 9, 11 geared together by bevel wheels 12.
Patent GB-572689-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to valves for sprinkler systems for fire extinguishing
IPC: F16K31/10
Filed: 1943-11-08
Abstract: 572,689. Fire-extinguishing. LEWIS, L. M. Nov. 8,1943, No. 18513. [Class 47 (ii)] The dog which controls release of a pivotally-mounted clapper in a deluge valve of a fire-extinguishing sprinkler system is released by pivotal movement of a lever produced when an electrical circuit containing a solenoid is closed by a rate of rise or maximum temterature thermostat, preferably situated near a sprinkler head in the system. When the circuit through the solenoid 58 and control switch 59 is closed by a rise of temperature, the head 64 of a plunger 62 is caused to swing the lower end of a lever 55 towards the solenoid and depress, by engagement of cam surfaces 51, 57 thereon, the end 50 of a lever 46 pivoted on a ball 47 to raise the opposite end 49 of the lever and free the dog 32. The levers 46, 55 and solenoid 58 are mounted in a casing 36 which communicates with the casing 17 of the deluge valve V, through a passage which is sealed by a diaphragm 40 held by the ball 47 which cooperates with flanges 48 on plates 41, 42 between which the diaphragm is clamped. The end members 49, 50 of the lever 46 are adjustably mounted. An extension 65 on the solenoid plunger 62 serves to open the control switch 59 when the solenoid is energized. A rod 66, the head of which is mounted in a glass casing 70, may be operated by hand as an alternative means of causing the lever 55 to swing to allow the clapper 28 to open.
Patent GB-878989-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electric arc furnaces
IPC: F27D11/08
Filed: 1958-06-11
Abstract: An electric arc melting furnace having a consumable electrode is characterized in that those metal parts which are liable to come into contact with molten metal, the electrode holder rod and the interior of the crucible for example, are coated with a layer of chromium.
Patent GB-1313795-A (GB)
Title: Powdered metal filter
IPC: B22F3/11
Filed: 1970-04-20
Abstract: 1313795 Sintered metal filters MINNESOTA MINING & MFG CO 20 April 1970 [21 April 1969 22 Jan 1970] 18782/70 Heading B1D [Also in Division C7] A filter comprises one or more layers of sintered metal powder presenting one smooth surface, which may be curved or flat, and one surface extended by corrugations, truncated pyramids or cones (Figs. 7 to 12, not shown). In making the flat discular filters of Figs. 1 to 8, the individual layers may be preformed to shape while green, either by pressing an initially flat sheet or slitting and opening out an extruded tube. In making the tubular filter of Fig. 9, the layers are separately extruded or made by bending a sheet to tubular form. The preformed layers are then wetted with a solvent which softens the organic binder therein and pressed together, dried and sintered under vacuum or in an inert atmosphere. Numerical details of pressing and sintering conditions are given. The pressing die may be cooled with liquid nitrogen, passed through a surrounding coil, or the die may be immersed in liquid nitrogen to freeze the binder so that the pressed green layers may be removed from the press for drying and sintering. Or the pressing, drying and sintering may be performed without removing the layers from the die. The filter is made of any one of a number of metals and alloys listed, including austenitic stainless steels. In some examples stainless steel and molybdenum powders are mixed together with methyl cellulose binder and glycerine to make the green layers. The layers in the final filter are metallurgically integral, but comprise powders of different grain sizes. Fig. 5 shows a coarse layer 3 sandwiched between and acting as a drainage support for fine layers 4, 5, which may act in series or parallel. In Figs. 6, 7, 8 (not shown) the coarse layer presents an extended upstream surface and the fine layers are attached to its flat downstream face. The fine layer 16 in Fig. 9 could equally well be applied to the outside of the filter. Fig. 10 (not shown) illustrates a one-layer filter whose truncated cone extensions are hollow, and Figs. 11, 12 (not shown) illustrate two-layer modifications thereof. The filters are used to filter polymers before extruding into fibres.
Patent GB-229936-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to apparatus for taking geological specimens from bore-holes
IPC: E21B25/16
Filed: 1924-08-07
Abstract: 229,936. Dixon, A. F. Aug. 7, 1924. Bore - hole apparatus.- Means for facilitating orientation of cores taken from bore-holes comprises a roch - penetrating tool, a holder therefor adapted to be lowered into the borehole, a compass device connected to the tool holder but rotatable about a vertical axis relativelv thereto, an index sheet whose azimuth position is governed by the compass device, and a device for marking the index sheet, the last-named device or its path being in fixed positional relation to the tool holder. The rock-penetrating tool may be the drill which cuts the core or a drill, chiser or serrated wheel which makes an eccentric mark on the core before it is cut. The upper compartment of a casing A contains a pivoted sheet-marking device M controlled by a solenoid E, and a gyro-compass C carrying an index sheet S; the lower compartment contains an electric motor P driving an eccentrically placed and slidable drill D. When the drill contacts with the bottom of the bore-hole, a collar U thereon closes a switch S<1> to start the motor P, and shortly afterwards, a second collar V operates a trip switch s to energize the solenoid E momentarilv and cause the marker M to mark the sheet S. The switches S, S' are contained in an oil bath O and may be replaced by relays operated by the opening of contacts within the oil bath. The motor compartment may be filled with glycerine, oil, &c. A pneumatic motor may replace the motor P. A slidable rod other than the drill may control the operating switches &c. In a modification the marking device is movable radially of the sheet S by a chain controlled by clockwork; the clock may also operate at a given time a switch which starts the motor P. In a further modification, a master gyro-compass which remains above ground is connected to a repeater motor which is lowered with the tool &c. and controls the sheet S.
Patent GB-487365-A (GB)
Title: Process for producing plastic masses, foils and threads and other structures from solutions of cellulose in sulphuric acid
IPC: C08J9/00
Filed: 1937-07-06
Abstract: For producing plastic masses, foils, threads, tubes, sponges and other structures from cellulose natural cellulose fibres are treated, without subsequent dilution, with sulphuric acid of 62,5-64 per cent concentration at a temperature of 0 DEG  C. Preferably a bleached sulphate cellulose brought by an alkali treatment to an a -cellulose content of over 90 per cent is employed.  Bleached cotton linter, or sulphite or soda cellulose may also be employed.  Precipitation of the solution may be effected at room temperature, e.g. with water. After kneading the mass at 0 DEG  C., solution is preferably completed by cooling for a few hours to a lower temperature, e.g. -5 to -7 DEG  C.  The cellulose may be employed in the form of loose tightly pressed board.  In an example one part of sulphate cellulose in board form (a -cellulose content 96 per cent) is kneaded with 9 parts of 63,3 per cent sulphuric acid at 0 DEG  C. and left for some hours at 0 DEG  C.  The mass is then cooled to -7 DEG  C. while kneading until it is quite clear. A second example employs eight parts of sulphuric acid of 62,8 per strength to 1 part of cotton linters.  Specifications 395,947, 427,611, and 427,613 are referred to.
Patent GB-661107-A (GB)
Title: An improved reciprocating pump
IPC: F04B9/14
Filed: 1948-07-13
Abstract: 661,107. Reciprocating pumps; forcing liquid by air pressure. WILLIAMS, R. W. July 13, 1948. No. 18828/48. Classes-102 (i) and 102 (ii). A pump, preferably for use in supplying lubricant to vehicles comprises a cylinder 10 having an inlet valve 11 at its lower end and an air vessel 12 of increased cross-section at its upper end; a delivery tube 13 sealed into the top of the air vessel and extending partially within the cylinder and comunieating with a delivery chamber 15 having a closable discharge outlet 16; a rod 19 slidably mounted in the top of the delivery chamber and extending centrally through the delivery tube to reciprocate a bucket 17; and means on the upper end of the rod and the delivery chamber for actuating the rod. The actuating means comprise a handle 21. The pump is preferably inserted within an oil reservoir and when the bucket is actuated with the discharge outlet closed the oil is trapped within the chamber 15, tube 13 and upper cylinder 10 and compresses the air in the vessel 12. When oil delivery is required a valve controlled discharge nozzle, which communicates with the outlet, is opened to allow the air to force the oil through the outlet. An air pressure gauge 23 is used to indicate the quantity of oil in the pump.
Patent GB-875060-A (GB)
Title: N,n-disubstituted ª--aminoalkylethers of alcohols of the aromatic-aliphatic series and a process for the production thereof
IPC: C07D295/088
Filed: 1960-05-27
Abstract: The invention comprises compounds of the formula <FORM:0875060/IV (b)/1> in which R1 represents a dimethylamino, diethylamino, piperidino or morpholino radical; and acid addition salts thereof; and the preparation thereof by reacting 4-chloro-a -methylbenzhydrol with a compound of the formula Hal.CH(CH3).CH2R1, wherein Hal represents a halogen atom, in the presence of sodamide; and, if desired, converting the products into their acid addition salts.  The products have antihistaminic and anticholinergic activity.
Patent GB-866001-A (GB)
Title: Liquid springs
IPC: F16F5/00
Filed: 1959-06-02
Abstract: 866,001. Liquid springs. CLEVELAND PNEUMATIC INDUSTRIES Inc. June 2, 1959 [Nov. 6, 1958], No. 18873/59. Class 108(3). A double-acting liquid spring comprises a main cylinder 10 which telescopes into and out of a cylinder 11 and a plunger 12 projecting into the main cylinder 10. Seal.assemblies 13, 16 define a chamber 18 between them. A seal assembly 19 co-operates with the cylinder 10 to define a fluid cavity 22 which is divided into chambers 23, 24 by a piston head 26 mounted on a plunger 12. The three chambers 18, 23, 24 are filled with liquid under pressure. This pressure tends to force the component parts of the spring into the position shown. When the spring is extended, liquid is forced from the chamber 18 through a damping orifice 28 into the chamber 24. This movement causes the liquid to be resiliently !compressed. When a compressive force is applied to the spring the plunger 12 and the piston head 26 move into the cylinder 10 forcing liquid from the chamber 22 into the chamber 23 through a damping orifice 29.
Patent GB-654655-A (GB)
Title: Electrolytic oxidation process
IPC: C25B3/23
Filed: 1947-07-16
Abstract: 654,655. Electrolytic preparation of quinolinic. acid. MERCK & CO., Inc. July 16, 1947, No. 18887. Convention date, Nov. 6, 1941. [Class 41] A process of preparing quinolinic acid electrolytically comprises reacting quinoline with about four times its weight of 20 per cent oleum, preferably for about twenty minutes at about 180 C. diluting the resulting mixture of sulphonated quinoline and sulphuric acid to approximately twice its volume with water, and delivering it to the anode compartment of an electrolytic cell having a lead anode coated with lead dioxide, oxidizing the quinoline at a current density of 0.5 to 1.5 amperes per square decimetre, until approximately 370 ampere hours per mole. of sulphonated quinoline have been consumed, then reducing the current density to 0.5 to 0.75 amperes per square decimetre for approximately 220 ampere hours per mole., and recovering quinolinic acid from the anolyte. The cathode compartment may be packed with porous acid-resisting substance such as sand and kept filled with sulphuric acid. The cathode may be of acid-resisting metal such as copper, a highly-resistant steel, chromel alloy, or may be of graphite. The anode may be of lead coated with lead dioxide by electrolysis in sulphuric acid electrolyte, and may be a cylindrical sheet, a coil or a series of plates. It may be activated before use either by passing a current through the cell with the anode immersed in sulphuric acid containing a depolarizer such as quinoline or picoline, or by passing a current through the cell and reversing its direction for at least five intervals of ten minutes.
Patent GB-959173-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to percussion boring tools
IPC: B28D1/00
Filed: 1963-05-13
Abstract: 959,173. Percussive drills; hand-tool handles A. FISCHER. May 13, 1963 [May 16, 1962], No. 18920/63. Headings B4C and B4K. A holder, of a resilient synthetic plastic material such as nylon, for holding a percussive tool bit 5 comprises a pair of arms 1, 2, each arm having at least one bore 3, 4 formed with a lateral groove 3a, 4a for engagement with a projection 6 formed on the bit, one arm being adapted to serve as a handle when a bit is fitted in the other arm. The grooves 3a, 4a are made slightly narrower than the corresponding projection on the bit so that the bit is held securely in the holder. The arms 1, 2 may be made of such a length as to allow a number of different sized bores to be formed therein. The bit is formed from a flat plate rolled into a cylindrical shape.
Patent GB-1124277-A (GB)
Title: Frequency discriminating apparatus
Inventor: AVINS JOCK
IPC: H03D3/14
Filed: 1965-08-23
Abstract: 1,124,277. Frequency discriminators. RADIO CORPORATION OF AMERICA. 23 Aug., 1965 [14 Sept., 1964], No. 18975/68. Heading H3A. The description is the same as that of Specification, 1,124,274, but the claims differ.
Patent GB-696221-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to electro-magnetic time delay tripping units
Inventor: WOLFF HERBERT WERNER
IPC: H01H71/44
Filed: 1950-07-31
Abstract: 696,221. Electrically-tripped switches. DORMAN & SMITH, Ltd. July 13, 1951 [July 31, 1950], No. 19008/50. Class 38 (v) [Also in Group XXXII] The plunger 2 of an electro-magnetic time-delay tripping unit is made of magnetic material, is mounted wholly in an enclosed cylinder 1 and incorporates means 7, 8 to permit fluid to pass through or past the plunger during its inward movement (under the action of a spring 5), more quickly than during its movement in the reverse direction. The cylinder 1 is of non-magnetic material and constitutes the fixed core of a solenoid in an electrical cuicuit controlling the tripping mechanism. In operation, when the current in the solenoid reaches a certain value, the soft iron plunger 2 is magnetically attracted upwardly until it effects the trip by attraction of an external armature (not shown). The plunger then descends rapidly to its inoperative position.