Patent GB-1315408-A (GB)
Title: Variable ratio transmission
IPC: F16H47/08
Filed: 1970-10-30
Abstract: 1315408 Change-speed control CHRYSLER CORP 30 Oct 1970 [22 Dec 1969] 51802/70 Heading F2D In a torque-converter driven three speeds and reverse planetary gear on a motor vehicle, with hydraulically applied selector clutches and brakes automatically controlled in response to output speed and engine throttle setting, the force applied to one (second ratio) brake, and hence its torque capacity, is regulated during ratio shift, into one of three stages 1, 2, 3, Fig. 13, depending on engine throttle setting, stage 1, light throttle, having a steeper pressure rise than stage 2, mid-range; and stage 3, corresponding to full throttle, being a constant. These torque-capacity lines correspond closely to the required torque-capacity curve RT for a 0À3 second speed change. Curves showing the manner in which the torque capacity increases during such a shift are given in Fig. 12, not shown. System, general.-1-2 and 2-3 automatic shift valves 140, 240 are subject to opposing pressures provided by an output-driven governor G (not described) and a TV valve 120, loaded through a spring by an accelerator-operated kickdown valve 230, to regulate TV pressure from zero to 90 p.s.i. A governor-controlled limit valve 403 cuts off the supply of TV pressure 125i to the 2-3 shift valve 240 above 40 m.p.h., so that downshift by part throttle depression is prevented. At speeds below 25 m.p.h. full throttle kickdown produces 3-1 downshift instead of 3-2 above that speed. A shuttle valve 130 also takes part in engagement rate control during shift. Gear arrangement.-The gear, Fig. 2, not shown, is the usual torque-converter-driven Simpson planetary gear-set controlled by a forward clutch C1, a direct-reverse clutch C2, a second-ratio band-brake applied by the servo 58, a manual low and reverse band-brake applied by a servo 59, and a one-way brake for automatic low. Engagement of the clutches is cushioned by wavy springs between friction disc packs and their backing plates. Fluid pressure supply and regulation.- Pressure from a single input-driven pump 33 is regulated to line 191 at 55-90 p.s.i. by a regulator valve 185 with TV pressure loading 125a. A torque-converter control valve 197 regulates torque-converter pressure at 30-55 p.s.i. Three-stage pressure loading of the secondratio brake-servo 58 is as follows. When the 1-2 shift valve 140 supplies line pressure through a line 140e to the brake-apply chamber 58a, this pressure also passes to an upper space 358c of an accumulator 358, an intermediate space 358d of which receives pressure 125k regulated by the 1-2 control valve 100 from TV pressure 125a, 125b, 125d. This intermediate-space pressure 358d, plus line pressure acting in a lower space 358b, oppose the downward pressure of the accumulator spring 358e and servo apply pressure 140e. The accumulator regulation provided by the 1-2 control valve 100 is such that the curve of brake-pressure against throttle opening, Fig. 13, rises steeply over a light throttle range, stage 1, less steeply over a middle range, stage 2, where pressure 358d is held more constant, and has a stepped increase at full throttle (e.g. 3-2 kickdown), stage 3, when the 1-2 control valve 100 moves fully left and supplies full line pressure to the accumulator space 358d. 3-2 downshift overlap between direct-clutch release and second brake engagement, forming the subject-matter of Specification 1,315,409 is produced by a brake servo 58, Fig. 11, having a small inner piston 58k secured to a brakeapplying stem 581, and sliding in a bore in a larger outer piston 58n. In third gear, chambers 58a and 58b of the servo are at line pressure, maintaining brake release and direct-clutch engagement. The chamber 58a is the apply chamber, and pressure therein passes through an opening 58t to provide an upward force on the inner piston 58k equal to the product of line pressure and the area of the stem 58l, so that the inner piston 58n is maintained up against a stop 58q, but does not apply brake torque. The 3-2 downshift is initiated by exhausting brake-release pressure 58b, and with it clutchengaging pressure, permitting apply pressure 58a to start moving both pistons 58k, 58n upwards as a unit. As brake application commences, the inner piston 58k is arrested by the brake band and moves relatively downwards from the stop 58q, forcing fluid outwards through the passage 58t into the apply chamber 58a. The continuing movement of the large piston 58n applies additional load to the smaller piston 58k, increasing the brake pressure, and also maintains a moderate pressure on the disengaging direct clutch C2, thus producing a controlled overlap between brake engagement and clutch release. Brake engagement rate Fig. 12, not shown, is also controlled in three stages by the use of the compound brake-apply piston 58, by a TV and governor controlled shuttle valve 130, and by the accumulator 358. The second-ratio brake is initially applied by the inner piston 58k, Fig. 11, which receives increasing apply pressure 140e (Fig. 5) through the opening 58t, until, at the end of a first stage, the inner piston reaches the stop 58q on the large outer piston 58n, which thereafter applies the brake at constant pressure, until the piston of the accumulator 358 moves, with its spring 358c expanding to its free height, after which pressure is again constant in stage 2. When the accumulator piston reaches the end of its stroke, pressure again rises and becomes constant as line pressure for stage 3. During normal throttle shifts, TV pressure 125g holds an end-plug 130f of the shuttle valve 130 in a rightward position (shown) against a stop. A spring 130i then biases the spool of the shuttle valve rightwards against a spring 130z, governor pressure 140d, and (when present) brake-release pressure 240d. A by-pass 240c around a restrictor E is open so that 2-3 upshift is rapid, with clutch engagement cushioned by a restrictor A2. During a closed throttle 2-3 upshift, TV pressure 125g is zeroized, permitting the end plug 130i and shuttle valve spool to be moved left by governor pressure 140d, brake servo release pressure 240d and a spring 130y, thus connecting the brake servo release line 240d with its apply line 140e, regulating both apply and release pressures until the brake releases by its spring. After this delay, engaging pressure 240e builds up on the direct-drive clutch C2. During a 3-2 kickdown, the reduction in second-ratio brake release pressure 240d, 400 permits the 1-2 control valve 100 to move leftwards to uncover a restrictor J2 through which TV pressure, now at full line value, reaches an end chamber to shift the 1-2 control valve 100 fully left, supplying line pressure to the chamber 358d of the accumulator 358, which then strokes upwardly, to pump liquid into the brake-apply line 140e, thus reducing shift time.