Patent GB-469457-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in dyeing
IPC: C09B29/30
Filed: 1936-01-25
Abstract: Acid wool dyes, dyeing with; cellulose acetate, dyeing.--To improve the fastness to water and washing of dyeings on goods containing basic nitrogen, e.g. wool, leather, or acetate artificial silk containing a basic artificial resin or a basic cellulose derivative, the dyed goods are treated, in the absence of any other alkylating agent, with an alkylene oxide, sulphide or imine which reacts with opening of the ring, or with a compound yielding such under the conditions of treatment.  The treatment agent is advantageously applied in a gaseous medium, especially in an atmosphere having a high moisture saturation.  Specified treatment agents are ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, 1 : 2-butylene oxide, butadiene dioxide, epichlorhydrin, the sodium salt of 1 : 2-propylene oxide-3-sulphonic acid, diethylaminopropene oxide, piperidopropene oxide methoiodide, ethyl-b -chlorethyl-ethyleneiminium chloride, methyl-(g  - chloro - b - hydroxypropyl) - b  - hydroxytrimethyleneiminium chloride, ethylbenzylethyleneiminium chloride, the product of reaction of potassium hydroxide (2 mols.) on cyclohexyltris - (g  - chloro - b  - hydroxypropyl)ammonium chloride (1 mol.) and the spirocyclic diquaternary ammonium chloride from N : N<1>-di-(g -chloro-b -hydroxypropyl)-piperazine.  Specified compounds yielding such agents under the conditions of treatment are chlorhydrins in the presence of bases and compounds containing g -chloro-b -hydroxypropyl groups attached to pentavalent nitrogen, e.g. hexa(chlorhydroxypropyl) - ethylenediammonium chloride (cf. Specification 454,320) which in presence of a weak alkali, such as magnesia, liberates epichlorhydrin.  The dyed goods are advantageously subjected to a preliminary treatment with a reagent which swells the material or enhances the speed of the reaction, e.g. with formamide, acetamide, salicylic acid, p-phenolsulphonates, sulphocyanides, lithium chloride or dodecyltrimethylammonium iodide; alternatively, such reagents may be incorporated in the treatment liquor.  The treatment may also be effected in presence of vapour of a volatile swelling agent, e.g. pyridine or trimethylamine and/or in presence of a bleaching agent such as formaldehydesulphoxylate or hydrogen peroxide (stabilized with the sodium salt of a fatty alcohol sulphuric acid ester and sodium pyrophosphate) or a fibre-protecting agent, e.g. an oxyalkylated protein substance, a tertiary amino-acid, a condensation product of p-phenolsulphonic acid with formaldehyde, or a magnesium salt.  In the treatment of cotton or artificial silk impregnated with a basic artificial resin, a pre-treatment of the dyed goods with acid, e.g. formic, lactic or tartaric acid, or treatment in presence of carbon dioxide, is advantageous.  The fastness of the dyeings may be further improved by an after-steaming, if desired in presence of acid.  The following examples are specified: (1) wool, dyed with Alizarine direct blue A or Alizarine cyanine green G, is treated for 8 hours with moist air which contains epichlorhydrin and is subjected to rhythmical variations of pressure; (2) the epichlorhydrin in (1) is replaced by propylene oxide; (3) wool, dyed with Orange II, is impregnated with an aqueous solution of the spirocyclic diquaternary ammonium chloride from N : N<1>-di-(g -chloro-b -hydroxypropyl)-piperazine and treated for 14 hours with moist air at 80 DEG  C.  1 : 2 - Propylene oxide - 3 - sulphonic acid is obtained by action of potassium hydroxide on g -chloro-b -hydroxypropane-a -sulphonic acid.  Ethyl - b  - chlorethyl - ethyleneiminium chloride is obtained by intramolecular alkylation of b  : b <1>-dichlorodiethyl-ethylamine.  Methyl-(g -chloro-b -hydroxypropyl)-b -hydroxytrimethyleneiminium chloride is obtained by intramolecular alkylation of di-(g -chloro-b -hydroxypropyl)-methylamine.  Ethyl-benzylethyleneiminium chloride is obtained by intramolecular alkylation of b -chlorethyl-ethyl-benzylamine.  Cyclohexyl-tris-(g -chloro-b -hydroxypropyl)-ammonium chloride is obtained by reaction of cyclohexylamine hydrochloride (1 mol.) with epichlorhydrin (3 mols.) in aqueous alcohol (cf. Specification 454,320).