Patent GB-1124129-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus providing a directive field pattern and attitude sensing of a spin stabilized satellite
IPC: H01Q1/28
Filed: 1966-07-11
Abstract: 1,124,129. Aerials; radio direction-finders. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS & SPACE ADMINISTRATION. 1] July, 1966 [23 July, 1965], No. 30994/66. Headings H4A and HAD. [Also in Division G3] In a spin-stabilized communication satellite the radiation from axially disposed aerials is concentrated in azimuth by a coaxial directive system which is contra-rotated by a motor so that the radio beam remains pointing in a desired direction. As described with particular reference to a synchronous earth satellite, a central mast 22, Fig. 1, projects from the end surface 15 of a satellite 10 and carries two co-linear arrays 24, 26 each comprising two half-wave dipoles 24a, 24b and 26a, 26b respectively. A motor 16, which may be positioned inside the end surface 15, drives a turntable 18 on which are mounted, on opposite sides, a rod 27 carrying directors 29, 29, and a parabolic cylinder reflector 28. Timing reference pulses which are developed by a sensor 34 control electronic equipment 36 from which power is supplied to the motor 16. The sensor 34 may comprise cadmium sulphide or other photo-sensitive cells, suitably masked, with a narrow slit opening so that an electrical response is produced at every crossing of the sun line, or an infra-red sensor may provide a pulse for every crossing of the earth-sky interface, or a horn or other directive aerial may be used, operating in conjunction with a ground station transmitter. Satellite constructional features, Figs. 2, 3 (not shown).- A synchronous motor (16) is mounted on a bulkhead (15a) inside the satellite and comprises a frame (49) housing stator windings (51) inside which a permanent magnet rotor (46) is mounted on a tube (43) carried on bearings (47). The mast (22) is fixed to the bulkhead (15a) and passes through the tube (43). Transmission lines (53), (55) inside the mast (22) connect the aerials (24), (26) to the satellite electronic equipment. The turntable is divided along a diameter to form two halves (18a), (18b), the one carrying the rod (27), with the directors (29), and the other the reflector (28). Each half has a tapered locating flange (41a) or (41b) which extends into a mating conical receptacle (45) formed at the upper end of the tube (43). A pancake type transformer secondary coil (58) and a shoulder (61) are fixed outside the upper end of the tube (43) and a pancake type transformer coil (64) is mounted under the coil (58) on the motor frame (64). The turntable halves (18a), (18b) are secured by explosive release bolts (57a), (57b) mounted on the coil (58), and the upper ends of the rod (27) and the reflector (28) are held in place by arms (33) having pins which engage in holes in a flange (31) on top of the mast (22). The bolts (57a), (57b) may be sheared by inducing current in the coil (58) from the coil (64) on a signal from the command station. The turntable halves (18a) (18b) are ejected by springs (59a), (59b) and (63), and drift away from the satellite. The aerials (24), (26) then become omni-directional in azimuth. Control electronics, Fig. 4.-The output of the sensor 34 is coupled to the input of a frequency lock loop 66 which generates square wave pulses at a frequency which is normally precisely related by a whole number to the frequency of pulses generated by the sensor 34. The frequency lock loop 66 comprises a chain of multivibrator circuits 67, a discriminator 68 and a voltage controlled oscillator 69. Provision is included for adding pulses from a clock source 79 to compensate for the rotation of the earth about its own axis, and for adding or subtracking pulses from a command receiver 80 for positioning the axis of the radio beam in relation to the sensor 34. The output of the frequency lock loop 66 is fed to a synchronizer 70 and thence to a phase shifter 71, from which two pulse trains in phase quadrature are supplied through linear amplifiers 72a, 72b to the synchronous motor 16. A shaft encoder 73 coupled to the motor 16 is arranged to produce pulses whose frequency is normally the same as that of the pulses produced by the frequency lock loop 66. Comparison is made in a digital comparator 74, and any corrective pulses are fed to the synchronizer 70. A failsafe logic network 78 is actuated by a predetermined output condition of the amplifiers 72a, 72b which is indicative of malfunctioning of the control electronics, or it may be actuated by a signal from the ground station received by the command receiver 80, to trigger an A.C. signal source 77. Current from the source 77 in the primary coil 64 induces current in the secondary coil 58 which fires the explosive bolts (56a), (56b), Figs. 2, 3 (not shown), and separates the azimuth directional elements from the aerial. One aerial may be used for transmitting, for example, at 6 Gc/s. and the other for receiving, for example, at 4 Gc/s. and the directivity of either aerial in the elevation plane containing the axis may be increased by stacking additional dipoles along the central mast and a dielectric lens may be used instead of a reflector. The aerial elements (24a), (24b), Fig. 6 (not shown), may be coupled to the inputs of a hybrid network (82) from which outputs are obtained when receiving a ground station corresponding respectively to the sum (#) of their radiation patterns (E1), (E2) in the elevation plane, and to the difference thereof. The sum signal provides communication data and the difference signal indicates the attitude error in the elevation plane and may be applied to corrective equipment. Additional aerial elements may be installed on either side of the axially disposed aerial elements and signals from all elements may be combined to provide as well as sum signals, error signals in respect of the azimuth plane and the elevation plane (Figs. 7, 8, not shown).