Patent GB-390517-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to coating, dressing and other treatment of textile materials
IPC: D06M15/05
Filed: 1931-07-04
Abstract: Textile material, in the form of woven fabrics or yarns, is coated, impregnated, filled, dressed, weighted, sized, or printed with a lather formed from a solution or paste of cellulose or a cellulose compound.  The treated material is then dried or chemically treated to solidify the lather.  The cellulosic paste or solution may be obtained by dissolving cotton linters or wood pulp in cuprammonia, zinc chloride solution, caustic alkali with guanidine urea thiourea or derivatives thereof, or thiocyanate solution.  Mercerized cellulose or other conversion or oxidation product of cellulose may be used.  As cellulose compounds there may be used ethyl or methyl celluloses, cellulose esters, cellulose thiourethanes, cellulose xanthate, cellulose xantho-fatty acids, products obtained by treating cellulose xanthate with an etherifying agent or other agent which replaces the hydrogen of the hydroxyl groups in the cellulose molecule by an organic group, or products obtained by xanthation of a cellulose ether or other cellulose compound.  The cellulosic solution or paste may be converted into a lather by violent mechanical agitation or beating, or by blowing a very violent current of air, nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide or other gas through it.  The formation of a lather is assisted by the presence of saponins such as quillajin, or githagin, proteins, peptones, albumoses, soaps, "Solvenol," "Monopole" soap or oil, Turkey-red oil, sodium carbonate, or lather-creating dyestuffs. In an example, viscose solution containing Marseilles soap is filtered and then whisked or beaten until it is transformed into a dense and stiff lather.  Cotton material is impregnated one or more times with the lather in a backfilling or padding machine and then treated with a precipitating bath such as one containing dilute sulphuric acid and sodium, ammonium, or zinc sulphate if desired with glucose.  The coagulating bath may be followed by or replaced by a bath having a plasticizing as well as a coagulating effect, such as sulphuric acid of at least 30 per cent containing if desired salts, glycerine, glucose, alcohols, aldehydes, organic acids, aniline, pyridine, or boric acid. Instead of sulphuric acid, an equivalent of another strong mineral acid such as hydrochloric, phosphoric, or nitric acid may be used. Instead of strong mineral acid there may be used acid esters of aliphatic or aromatic alcohols and polybasic inorganic acids such as methyl or ethyl sulphuric acid, glycerophosphoric acid or glycerosulphuric acid, aliphatic or aromatic sulphonic acids, carboxy-organo mineral acids, or zinc halides.  Regeneration of the cellulose may also be effected by heating or steaming or by allowing it to take place spontaneously at room temperature.  The material is washed, desulphurized, bleached, and dried in known manner.  French chalk, china clay, or other filler may be added to the cellulosic paste or solution.  In other examples, solutions of cellulose phenyl thiourethane, water-soluble methyl or ethyl cellulose, water-soluble cellulose acetate, water-insoluble ethyl cellulose, and of compounds obtained by treating viscose with chlorohydrines are employed instead of viscose.  The volume of the lather may be more than three times that of the original solution.  The treated fabrics or yarns may subsequently be treated with tanning agents to render the dressing resistant to water.  Specifications 216,475, 217,166, 231,801, 302,115, 320,062, 335,906, 335,993, 335,994, [all in Class 2 (ii), Cellulose &c.], 341,843, 341,930, 357,121, 357,154, 357,167 357,190, 357,526, 357,527, 357,595, 368,288, 385,979, 385,980, 390,516, 390,518, and 390,519 are referred to.  The Provisional Specification refers also to the production of artificial filaments, films, plastic compositions, thickening agents for pigments, adhesives, and other artificial materials from lathery solutions or pastes of cellulose or cellulose compounds.ALSO:Textile material, in the form of woven fabrics or yarns, is coated, impregnated, filled, dressed, weighted, sized, or printed with a lather formed from a solution or paste of cellulose or a cellulose compound.  The treated material is then dried or chemically treated to solidify the lather.  The cellulosic paste or solution may be obtained by dissolving cotton linters or wood pulp in cuprammonia, zinc chloride solution, caustic alkali with guanidine, urea, thiourea, or derivatives thereof, or thiocyanate solution.  Mercerized cellulose or other conversion or oxidation product of cellulose may be used.  As cellulose compounds there may be used ethyl or methyl celluloses, cellulose esters, cellulose thiourethanes, cellulose xanthate, cellulose xantho-fatty acids, products obtained by treating cellulose xanthate with an etherifying agent or other agent which replaces the hydrogen of the hydroxyl groups in the cellulose molecule by an organic group, or products obtained by xanthation of a cellulose ether or other cellulose compound.  The cellulosic solution or paste may be converted into a lather by violent mechanical agitation or beating, or by blowing a very violent current of air, nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide or other gas through it.  The formation of a lather is assisted by the presence of saponins such as quillajin, or githagin, proteins, peptones, albumoses, soaps, "Solvenol," "Monopole" soap or oil, Turkey-red oil, sodium carbonate, or lather-creating dyestuffs. In an example, viscose solution containing Marseilles soap is filtered and then whisked or beaten until it is transformed into a dense and stiff lather.  Cotton material is impregnated one or more times with the lather in a backfilling or padding machine and then treated with a precipitating bath such as one containing dilute sulphuric acid and sodium, ammonium, or zinc sulphate if desired with glucose.  The coagulating bath may be followed by or replaced by a bath having a plasticizing as well as a coagulating effect, such as sulphuric acid of at least 30 per cent containing if desired salts, glycerine, glucose, alcohols, aldehydes, organic acids, aniline, pyridine, or boric acid.  Instead of sulphuric acid, an equivalent of another strong mineral acid such as hydrochloric, phosphoric, or nitric acid may be used.  Instead of strong mineral acid there may be used acid esters of aliphatic or aromatic alcohols and polybasic inorganic acids such as methyl or ethyl sulphuric acid, glycerophosphoric acid or glycerosulphuric acid, aliphatic or aromatic sulphonic acids, carboxy-organo mineral acids, or zinc halides.  Regeneration of the cellulose may also be effected by heating or steaming or by allowing it to take place spontaneously at room temperature.  The material is washed, desulphurized, bleached and dried in known manner.  French chalk, china clay, or other filler may be added to the cellulosic paste or solution.  In other examples, solutions of cellulose phenyl thiourethane, water-soluble methyl or ethyl cellulose, water-soluble cellulose acetate, water-insoluble ethyl cellulose, and of compounds obtained by treating viscose with chlorohydrines are employed instead of viscose.  The volume of the lather may be more than three times that of the original solution.  The treated fabrics or yarns may subsequently be treated with tanning agents to render the dressing resistant to water.  Specifications 216,475, 217,166, 231,801, 302,115, 320,062, 335,906, 335,993, 335,994, [all in Class 2 (ii), Cellulose &c.], 341,843, 341,930; 357,121, 357,154, 357,167, 357,190, 357,526, 357,527, 357,595, 368,288, [all in Group IV], 385,979; 385,980, 390,516, [both in Group IV], 390,518; and 390,519, [Group IV], are referred to.  The Provisional Specification refers also to the production of plastic compositions, thickening agents for pigments, and other artificial materials from lathery solutions or pastes of cellulose or cellulose compounds.