Patent GB-1299737-A (GB)
Title: An improvement in or relating to electric arc welding
Inventor: CHARLESWORTH ERIC
IPC: B23K9/12
Filed: 1969-06-10
Abstract: 1299737 Welding by fusion ROBERT JENKINS & CO Ltd 9 June 1970 [10 June 1969] 29389/69 Heading B3R [Also in Divisions G3 and H2] In non-consumable electrode arc welding particularly circumferential TIG welding of tubes to a tube plate in heat exchangers, the electrode movement is modulated by being varied at regular time intervals, e.g. stopped, slowed or slowly reversed, so that the electrode moves in regular increments to produce a continuous weld comprising a series of overlapping fusion spot welds. The electrode movement modulation may be accompanied, in phase, by current modulation, the current peaks occurring when the electrode is stationary or moving slowly. Spot overlap may lie between 10 and 90% of spot size according to workpiece composition and thickness and electric power. Electrode angular and time incremental ranges may be 0À25-20 degrees and 1/50-4 seconds respectively. Electrode movement modulation may be achieved mechanically, as by a constant speed motor acting through variable speed gearing and a Geneva mechanism, or, as particularly described, electrically. In Fig. 1, a non-consumable electrode 12 is carried by a holder 10 which is rotatable by an electric motor 14 via a gearbox 16. The motor is controlled by a translator 18 controlled by a control logic 20 having three adjustable controls, via electrode speed 22, modulation cycle time  24 and modulation bias 26. A programme logic 28 is associated with the translator and the control logic. A tachometer 30 and a dial indicator 32 respectively show electrode holder speed in degrees/second and electrode position. A welding current source 34 is connected to the electrode by a cable 36. The motor may be a stepping motor, and the arrangement may be such that with modulation, the electrode movement alternates between twice an unmodulated speed and (i) zero speed, with Zero bias on, (ii) slow speed, with Forward bias on, or (iii) slow reverse speed, with Reverse bias on. In Fig. 3, wherein both electrode movement and welding current are simultaneously modulated, a torch 40 having interchangeable water-cooled electrode holders is driven by a stepping motor 42 energized via a motor control translator 44 and a power amplifier 43. A command logic 46 comprises a programme logic 46a having an input socket 62 accepting either a programme plug 64 or a programme simulator 66, operator controls 46c and a control logic 46b. The latter has outputs connected to a changeover switch 45 selecting between outputs respectively from a gate 68 and a dividing circuit 69, an electrode speed control 48 comprising a voltage/frequency pulse generator 50 and control potentiometer 52, a current control amplifier 71 connected to a transductor controlled current source 38, an HF arc startet 39 and, via a cable C, the electrode for adjustment thereof towards and away from the workpiece. Feedbacks are provided from the current source to the control logic 46b and the amplifier 71. An electrode movement modulation control 54 comprises a control potentiometer 56 and a modulation control unit 55 connected to the gate 68. The output from the pulse generator 50 is connected to the modulator control unit 55, the gate 68, the dividing circuit 69, an electrode speed tachometer 58 (via an integrating circuit 57) and, via a dividing circuit 61, a decimal counter 59 which has a numerical readout 60 showing electrode position and is connected to the programme logic 46a. The stepping motor at 200 per revolution and comprises a permanent magnet rotor and a stator having windings energized in a sequence deciding rotational direction. The motor control translator 44 converts incoming control pulses into a correct sequence to energize the stator windings of the motor. Forward and reverse input lines select the correct sequence for directional control and the frequency of the signal pulses to the translator determine the actual speed of the motor. The motor power amplifier 43 (Fig. 4) has four identical sections respectively energizing individual stator windings, each section comprising signal-responsive and power output transistors TR2, TR1 respectively. The part of the command logic 46 regulating arc current (Fig. 5) comprises "increase" and "decrease" signal receiving gates G1, G2 one input of each being connected via a multivibrator to the pulse generator via the counter 59 and the programme logic 46a. The gates control switches S1, S2 arranged between potentiometer-adjustable constant current supply circuits and arranged to charge and discharge, in steps, a capacitor 70 the voltage across which is taken through an amplifier 72 to the current control amplifier 71. The latter (Fig. 6) is powered via a transformer T1 having windings 80, 81 respectively connected to a phase-shift control 79 receiving a control signal from the command logic, and across a rectifier 82 connected across a control winding of a transductor 83 in series with a pre-set variable resistor R8 and a thyristor 84. The latter is protected by a reverse biased diode D2 and controlled from the phase-shift control. The output of the transductor 83 is connected to the current source 38. In operation, depending on whether modulation ON or OFF is selected by the switch 45, the pulse output from the generator 50 controls the motor 42 via the gate 68 which allows or inhibits pulse passage, or via the dividing circuit which preserves average speed under unmodulated operation. The different steps in the programme are triggered by the counter 59. Fig. 8 shows a typical welding programme. A suitable programme may be established by using the programme simulator 66 which is a pluggable patch board permitting selection of programme positions, electrode traverse speed, modulation, arc current and electrode position, the programme plug 64 being subsequently wired with suitable links.