baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent WO-8604887-A1 (WO)
Inventor: SIMONI JEAN-YVES
IPC: C02F1/48
Filed: 1986-02-12
Abstract: Dispositif de conditionnement de l'eau contenant du carbonate de calcium, et installation réalisée avec ce dispositif. La présente invention concerne un dispositif de conditionnement de l'eau contenant du carbonate de calcium, et installation réalisée avec ce dispositif. La présente invention concerne un dispositif de conditionnement de l'eau contenant du calcaire et une installation réalisée avec ce dispositif. Ce dispositif comporte essentiellement un élément tubulaire intérieur (10), un élément tubulaire extérieur (11) et deux embouts d'extrémité (12) et (13). Ces éléments sont agencés de telle manière qu'un espace annulaire (18) est ménagé entre l'élément tubulaire (10) et l'élément tubulaire (11). L'embout d'entrée (12) comporte un alésage central (19) et au moins une ouverture latérale pour faire communiquer l'alésage central avec l'espace annulaire (18). L'embout de sortie (13) comporte un alésage central (21) et au moins une ouverture latérale pour recueillir l'eau circulant à travers l'espace annulaire (18). La ou les ouvertures latérales de l'embout d'entrée sont agencées de manière à générer une circulation hélicoïdale de l'eau dans l'espace annulaire (18) quel que soit le régime d'utilisation.
Patent WO-8907412-A1 (WO)
Title: Handling device
Inventor: SCHREIBER HERBERT
IPC: A47L9/32
Filed: 1989-02-06
Abstract: A holding and handling device (6, 8) for appliances such as vacuum cleaners and the like consists of two supporting bars (1, 5) mutually connected so as to move principally in the lower region (4, 9). Each bar is held by one hand, enabling the operator to remain upright.
Patent WO-9104003-A1 (WO)
Inventor: MEYER GABRIEL
IPC: A61J3/00
Filed: 1990-09-13
Abstract: Le conteneur (10) comporte un premier compartiment (11) et un second compartiment (12) qui sont séparés par un étranglement cylindrique central (13). Le compartiment (11) est prolongé par un col (14) qui comporte une première zone (15) voisine de l'extrémité ouverte supérieure du conteneur et une seconde zone (16) comprise entre la première zone (15) et l'intérieur du conteneur. La zone (15) a une section qui est supérieure à celle de la zone (16). Les deux zones (15, 16) sont sensiblement cylindriques. La section de la seconde zone (16) est sensiblement égale à celle de l'étranglement cylindrique central (13). Un bouchon d'obturation intermédiaire (17) comprimé dans l'étranglement cylindrique central (13) permet un stockage étanche de deux substances différentes dans les compartiments (11) et (12). Un organe d'obturation (23) mis en place dans la zone (15) du col (14) est agencé pour être déplacé entre une première position dite de stockage, dans laquelle il constitue un obturateur étanche, et une seconde position dite d'utilisation.
Patent WO-0140483-A1 (WO)
Inventor: MAO YUMIN
IPC: A61K38/00
Filed: 2000-11-27
Abstract: L'invention concerne un nouveau polypeptide, une lipoprotéine humaine 105 contenant un domaine de cytochrome C, et un polynucléotide codant pour ce polypeptide ainsi qu'un procédé d'obtention de ce polypeptide par des techniques recombinantes d'ADN. L'invention concerne en outre les applications de ce polypeptide dans le traitement de maladies, notamment des tumeurs malignes, de l'hémopathie, de l'infection par VIH, de maladies immunitaires et de diverses inflammations. L'invention concerne aussi l'antagoniste agissant contre le polypeptide et son action thérapeutique ainsi que les applications de ce polynucléotide codant pour la lipoprotéine humaine 105 contenant un domaine de cytochrome C.
Patent WO-2005030231-A1 (WO)
Inventor: SUN SHAOSHENG
IPC: A61K36/00
Filed: 2003-09-28
Abstract: The present invention relates to the extractive of aweto(Cordyceps Sinensis Sacc.) and the process for its preparation and uses. The said process can extract the nutritious components from aweto effectively and economically. The invention also develops the interrelated edible food, healthy food, cosmetics and medicine. These products have the functions of regulating body's immunity, resisting disease, improving the quality of life or making long life.
Patent CU-21960-A1 (CU)
Inventor: PRENDERGAST GAVAN JAMES JOSEPH
IPC: B04C5/081
Filed: 1985-01-24
Abstract: SE DESCRIBE UN SEPARADOR DE CICLON PARA SEPARAR UNA MEZCLA SON UN                                   COMPONENTE MAS DENSO Y UNO MENOS DENSO; EL SEPARADOR TIENE UNA CAMARA Y                             UNO MENOS DENSO; EL SEPARADOR TIENE UNA CAMARA SEPARADORA AXIAL, MEDIOS  DE                         ENTRADA PARA ADMITIR LA MEZCLA LIQUIDA CON UN COMPONENTE DE FLUJO                                   TANGENCIAL; UNA SALIDA DE FLUJO SUPERIOR Y UNA SALIDA INFERIOR, EN  DONDE                           EL COMPONENTES MAS DENSO ES DIRIGIDA A LA SALIDA DEL FLUJO  INFERIOR PARA                           QUE INCLUYA UN CENTRO INTERIOR DEL COMPONENTE MENOS  DENSO, QUE SE SOMETE A                         UN DIFERENCIAL DE PRESION, HACIENDOLO FLUIR A LA  SALIDA DE FLUJO SUPERIOR.
Patent CU-21966-A1 (CU)
Inventor: BROSSARD PEREZ LUIS E
IPC: C08B11/12
Filed: 1986-06-12
Abstract: El procedimiento consiste en la utilización del aceite fusel proveniente de la fabricación por vía fermentativa de etanol, para la obtención de carboximetilcelulosa en forma de sal soluble (CMC) de baja y media viscosidad, útil para ser empleada en las industrias de perforación de pozos de petróleo, química farmacéutica, alimenticia y en todas aquellas en que se requiera un agente suspensante, dispersante o aglutinante en medio acuoso. Mediante este procedimiento es posible obtener carboximetilcelulosa de baja y media viscosidad en tiempos muy breves, y altas eficiencias con relación a la conversión del ácido monocloroacético empleado como agente eterificante. El aceite fusel empleado, recuperado después de la síntesis de CMC, reempleado en un porciento elevado para posteriores obtenciones resulta en su conjunto un procedimiento altamente eficiente técnica y económicamente.
Patent WO-0113391-A1 (WO)
Title: Anschlussschienen für elektrische geräte und apparate für verschiedene nennströme
Inventor: BACH MICHAEL
IPC: H01H1/58
Filed: 2000-08-11
Abstract: Die Erfindung betrifft Anschlußschienen (1; 4; 7; 13; 31; 43) für elektrische Geräte und Apparate, für verschiedene Nennströme, die hohl ausgebildet sind. Sie können nur einen oder mehrere Hohlräume (2; 5; 8; 18-20; 24-26; 32) aufweisen. Die Anschlußschienen (1; 4; 7; 13; 31; 43) haben für alle Stromstärken den gleichen äußeren Querschnitt, sie weisen für unterschiedliche Stromstärken unterschiedliche Wandstärken und damit unterschiedlich große Hohlräume (2; 5; 8; 18-20; 24-26; 32) auf. Somit können die Durchführungsöffnungen für die Anschlußschienen in den jeweiligen Schaltergehäusen einer Typenreihe alle gleich, entsprechend den Abmessungen für die Anschlußschienen der maximalen Stromstärke, ausgebildet sein.
Patent WO-0174728-A1 (WO)
Inventor: GEIER HEINZ
IPC: C03C8/02
Filed: 2001-02-24
Abstract: A glass, in particular, a glass powder is disclosed, fused from a starting mixture containing 38 wt. % to 48 wt. % SiO2, 15 wt. % to 19 wt. % Al2O3, 4.5 wt. % to 11 wt. % TiO2, 0 wt. % to 1.5 wt. % Na2O, 0 wt. % to 1.5 wt. % K2O and 23 wt. % to 30 wt. % CaO. Furthermore, a glass powder is disclosed, containing a first such glass powder with a mean particle size of 150 um, in particular, of 10 um to 70 um, carbon powder and an organic binder. Said glass or glass powder is particularly suitable for the production of a glass ceramic, in particular in the form of a resistance seal and/or a gas-tight glass ceramic weld in a spark plug.
Patent WO-0175298-A1 (WO)
Title: Kraftstoffeinspritzventil für brennkraftmaschinen
Inventor: WAGNER WERNER
IPC: F02M61/12
Filed: 2001-03-29
Abstract: Kraftstoffeinspritzventil mit einem Ventilkörper (1), in dem eine Bohrung (6) ausgebildet ist, die am brennraum-seitigen Ende geschlossen ist und dort einen Ventilsitz (22) bildet. In der Bohrung (6) ist ein kolbenförmiges Ventilglied (9) angeordnet, das sich dem Brennraum zu unter Bildung einer Druckschulter (13) verjüngt und das mit einer am brennraum-seitigen Ende ausgebildeten Ventildichtfläche (20) mit dem Ventilsitz (22) zusammenwirkt. Die Druckschulter (13) ist in einem im Ventilkörper (1) ausgebildeten Druckraum (28) angeordnet, der mit Kraftstoff unter hohem Druck befüllbar ist. Das Ventilglied (9) ist in einem brennraumabgewandten ersten Abschnitt (106) in der Bohrung (6) geführt und weist dem Ventilsitz (22) zu eine durch eine radiale Erweiterung (10) ausgebildete zweite Führung auf, die in einem zweiten Abschnitt der Bohrung (206) angeordnet ist. Der Ventilkörper (1) ist zweiteilig aufgebaut, wobei der erste Abschnitt (106) der Bohrung (6) im ersten Ventilkörperteil (101) angeordnet ist und der zweite Abschnitt (206) der Bohrung (6) im zweiten Ventilkörperteil (201), so daß die beiden Ventilkörperteile (101, 201) separat gefertigt werden können und sich der Druckraum (28) leichter und damit kostengünstiger ausbilden läßt.
Patent WO-0181273-A1 (WO)
Title: Verfahren zum betreiben eines antriebes
Inventor: AUNER NORBERT
IPC: C06D5/10
Filed: 2001-04-24
Abstract: Es wird ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Antriebes, insbesondere Flugkörperantriebes oder Wellenantriebes, beschrieben. Bei diesem Verfahren werden Stickstoff und/oder Stickstoffverbindungen mit Hilfe eines Nebengruppenelementes oder Nebengruppenelementoxides mit Silicium und/oder Siliciumverbindungen in einer Reaktionskammer unter Bildung von Siliciumnitrid umgesetzt und die dabei freiwerdende Energie wird zum Betreiben des Antriebes verwendet.
Patent WO-0230650-A1 (WO)
Inventor: KRUEGER JENS
IPC: B29C45/17
Filed: 2001-09-12
Abstract: The invention relates to a mold closing device for injection molding machines, especially for plastics, comprising a fixed tool clamping plate and a tool clamping plate that is displaceably mounted on a machine slide, whereby the machine slide runs on the rails by means of guide shoes. The invention is characterized in that each guide shoe (26, 27), on the side of the displaceable tool clamping plate (12) located furthest from the fixed tool clamping plate (11), is joined at both corners to the displaceable tool clamping plate (12) via a bracket-shaped flexural element (31, 32). In addition, the flexural element (31, 32) has a shape, which renders it rigid perpendicular to the guide rail (13, 14) and has, in an axial direction, a predeterminable elasticity at least in one flexural area (33, 34).
Patent WO-02063587-A1 (WO)
Title: Aktualisierung von routen- und verkehrsflussdaten sowie fahrzeugnavigationsgerät
Inventor: FRIEDRICHS ARNE
IPC: G01C21/00
Filed: 2002-01-17
Abstract: Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Aktualisieren von Routendaten, die in einem Fahrzeugnavigationsgerät, insbesondere einem Offboard-Fahrzeugnavigationsgerät, gespeichert sind, wobei die Routendaten beim Auftreten von zumindest einem vorherbestimmten Ereignis aktualisiert werden. Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass das Verfahren den folgenden Schritt umfasst: Übermittlung von Routenanfragedaten an zumindest eine Zentrale, wenn zumindest ein vorherbestimmtes verkehrsflussinduziertes Ereignis auftritt. Ferner betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung ein Fahrzeugnavigationsgerät und ein Verfahren zum Aktualisieren von Verkehrsflussdaten.
Patent WO-03018269-A1 (WO)
Inventor: MUELLER ROLF
IPC: B25D11/10
Filed: 2002-03-14
Abstract: The invention relates to a machine-tool, in particular a drilling and/or chipping hammer. Said machine-tool comprises a percussion mechanism, with a drive bearing (12, 58), rotatably mounted on an intermediate shaft (10) and by means of which a piston (14) can be driven back and forth in the axial direction. According to the invention, said drive bearing (12) is supported on a radial bearing (16) in at least one axial direction on the intermediate shaft (10).
Patent WO-03042532-A1 (WO)
Inventor: GROEZINGER STEFAN
IPC: H01T13/44
Filed: 2002-11-13
Abstract: The aim of the invention is a bar coil (11) for ignition units, embodied such as to have a high efficiency. Sad bar coil (11) comprises a core (14) in a central position as inner magnetic iron core and a return body (18) in the form of an external magnetic iron core on a housing (13). In order to minimise eddy current losses in the return body (18), said return body (18) comprises several partial pieces (22), electrically insulated from each other, mounted on a support (23) which is fixed to the housing (13). The bar coil (11) is preferably for application in the automobile industry.
Patent WO-03077514-A1 (WO)
Inventor: SCHLEGEL THOMAS
IPC: B60R11/02
Filed: 2003-03-05
Abstract: L'invention concerne un dispositif téléphonique mobile se présentant sous la forme d'un dispositif mains libres d'un véhicule automobile. L'extension des fonctions et fonctionnalités des dispositifs téléphoniques mobiles connus est limitée puisqu'elle nécessite le raccordement d'appareils périphériques comme, par exemple, des combinaisons écouteur-microphone. L'invention vise à produire de nouveaux dispositifs téléphoniques mobiles qui peuvent bénéficier d'une extension de composants et de fonctionnalités de manière flexible. A cet effet, un élément de base (1) présente un logement (8) destiné à recevoir une unité module (20). Cette unité module (20) est raccordée de manière conductrice à un dispositif de commande à l'aide d'un dispositif de liaison (21) qui est équipé d'éléments de contact au niveau du module et du logement. L'unité module (20) présente des unités fonctionnelles analogiques et/ou numériques et/ou des unités mémoire analogiques. L'unité module peut, par exemple, être réalisée sous forme de carte d'extension ou de carte mémoire. L'utilisation d'une unité module (20) dans le dispositif téléphonique mobile permet l'extension de ce dernier de la fonction prédéfinie dans l'unité module (20) respective. La sélection des fonctions disponibles du dispositif téléphonique mobile peut être modifiée de façon flexible par le changement d'unités modules.
Patent WO-2004025831-A1 (WO)
Inventor: ENGEL GUENTER
IPC: H03H7/01
Filed: 2003-09-09
Abstract: L'invention concerne un filtre de résonance multiple se présentant sous la forme d'un composant multicouche et comprenant au moins trois condensateurs multicouche (K1, K2, K3, K4) qui sont juxtaposés et présentent au moins deux capacités différentes (C1, C2, C3). Selon l'invention, les deux condensateurs multicouche extérieurs (K1, K4) ont la même capacité (C1). De manière avantageuse, ledit filtre présente de meilleures valeurs d'affaiblissement d'insertion.
Patent DE-1808506-A1 (DE)
Title: Metal wall or ceiling tiles
Inventor: HARTE LOTHAR
IPC: E04F13/12
Filed: 1968-11-13
Abstract: Wall or ceiling covering consisting of single tile with prismatic formations, deep drawn from metal sheet, pref. copper, anodised aluminium or refined steel, the prism surfaces having rectangular edges protruding rectilinearly outwards, whilst the cavity between tile and surface to be covered is pref. filled up with an expandable plastic such as polyurethane.
Patent DE-1809881-A1 (DE)
Title: Apparatus for retaining plant feedstuff
Inventor: TAUSCHKE OTTO
IPC: A01G27/04
Filed: 1968-11-20
Abstract: APPARATUS FOR GROWING SEEDS OR PLANTS. comprising a vessel with feed pipes and and distribution layer above which the plants or seeds are set in a layer of earth or in pots of earth with perforated bases, characterised by using a mould-proof, synthetic fibre mat as distributing layer. Pref. the mat thickness is over 2mm. and the weight is 100-1000 g/m2, placed over a layer of sand. The device is similar to known apparatus which uses sand; this sand layer rapidly becomes coated with algae which prevent flow of nutrient solution to the plant growth zone.
Patent DE-1817114-A1 (DE)
Title: Hardening of fluorocarbon plastics by - three dimensional cross-linking
Inventor: HEINRICH SCHMIDT-BRUECKEN DIPL
IPC: C08K3/105
Filed: 1968-12-27
Abstract: The fluorocarbon resins are treated with alkali metals or substances liberating alkali metals when heated, as in DT 1694003, alkaline/rare earth metals, or substances liberating these. Preferred substances used to treat the fluorocarbon resin (e.g. PTFE), before or during the sintering process, are alkaline earth azides (esp. barium azide), magnesium cpds. or cerium hydride.
Patent DE-1907176-A1 (DE)
Title: Emergency power supply for nuclear power - stations
Inventor: OTTOMAR APELT DIPL-ING
IPC: G21D1/02
Filed: 1969-02-13
Abstract: When a SHUT-OFF signal causes the safety rods to enter the reactor core and the auxiliary power supply for the station fails, the major part of the energy stored in the battery normally used for the actuation of the regulating rods is switched to the emergency supply bus. This battery is normally separate from the station batteries but assists the latter in case of SHUT-OFF. As soon as the emergency generating sets have run up to speed, the regulating rod battery is disconnected from the station batteries.
Patent DE-1947165-A1 (DE)
Title: Carbonated drinks container level control
Inventor: HERMANNI JOACHIM
IPC: B01F15/00
Filed: 1969-09-18
Abstract: Carbonated drinks dispenser container uses an electrode with tube and plastics sheath as level control, operated off the distance between this and the container as counter-electrode and the conducting surface of the electrode. Once a portion is tapped, the fluid drops to minimum level at the bottom of the electrode and this feeds back along a line to an electronic regulator which trips the magnetic valve and replenishes the tank with the equivalent amount of fluid.
Patent DE-1955073-A1 (DE)
Title: Arylazolactams, their preparation and use
Inventor: FREITAG DIETER DR
IPC: A45D20/18
Filed: 1969-11-03
Abstract: Arylazolactams, their preparation and use Cpds of the formula (I): where Ar is a (substd) phenyl or naphthyl gp and n=2 or 3. Pref. I is prepd by coupling lactam II (where m=3 or 4) with a diazonium salt of the corresp aromatic amine in the presence of a tertiary organic nitrogen base or in an acetate buffered soln at -20 to +25 degrees C. The title cpds may be used as photosensitisers in photopolymerisation of e.g. styrene acrylic acid etc.
Patent DE-2021194-A1 (DE)
Title: Low stress denture moulding process
Inventor: HEYNOLD WOLFGANG
IPC: A61C13/14
Filed: 1970-04-30
Abstract: Protheses, esp. dentures are thermally polymerised from plastically workable synthetic resins by contacting the moulding which is placed in a pressure sealed, pressure resistant, heatable vessel, with a liquid at a temp. 40-70 degrees C below the polymerisation temp., heating the liquid to the polymerisation temp., maintaining at polymerisation temp. until polymerisation is effected, and slowly cooling the liquid. Avoids the formation of stresses in the moulded dentures, without considerably lengthening the heating and polymerising period.
Patent DE-2064099-A1 (DE)
Title: 1-methyl-3-phenylindanes prodn - by dimerization of styrenes
IPC: C07C2/42
Filed: 1970-12-28
Abstract: Cpds. of formula (I): (where R1 and R2 are H or alkyl and R3 is H, alkyl or halogen) are prepd. by dimerisation of styrene cpds. of formula (II): in the presence of B cpds. as catalyst. Pref. catalysts are inorganic cpds. of trivalent B. Reaction temp. is generally 100-600 degrees C, pref. 200-350 degrees C. The products are inters. for dyes and pesticides.
Patent DE-2108976-A1 (DE)
IPC: F24D19/10
Filed: 1971-02-16
Abstract: Adjuster for a weather-dependent heating regulator for setting the linear characteristic line and simultaneous indication of at least two points of the line, has the course of the line reversible variable by at least two mechanically displaceable electrical circuit elements of the regulator circuit which differently affect the characteristic line; these elements are linearly displaceable resistors with insulated sliding contacts, as in 2025677. Both resistors are stationary. More particularly, the difficulties of attaching the resistor to the displaceable insulating part is avoided. Additional sliders can be used together with or in place of the slider for connection to the regulator measuring bridge, opening up further applications.
Patent DE-2126897-A1 (DE)
Title: Adhesive tape - of paper fibres in flexible binder with pressure sensitive adhesive
IPC: C09J7/21
Filed: 1971-05-29
Abstract: Adhesive tape, e.g. for surgical use, has a micro-pleated paper based backing web of randomly dispersed paper fibres together with 10-50% hemp fibres and 4 to 20% rayon fibres, all the fibres being is not >0.5 in. long, dispersed in a flexible binder, e.g. polyethyl acrylate, forming about 20 to 60 wt.% of the web. The web is linearly micropleated without creeping to a length 96% of its unpleated length to provide an extensibility of >=8%. The web has a pressure sensitive coating on one side and may have a release coating on the other surface.
Patent DE-2150679-A1 (DE)
Title: Waste disposal - partic the rapid and efficient disposal of waste from salt -bath hardening plants
Inventor: MOHR EKKEHARD
IPC: C21D1/607
Filed: 1971-10-12
Abstract: Waste materials from salt bath hardening plants are rendered harmless by adding a mineral aggregate and smelting, sintering or burning the mixture. The mixture is burnt with finely granular chalk, limestone or marble or gypsum.
Patent DE-2153007-A1 (DE)
Title: Pipe welding clamping unit - esp for holding large thermoplastics pipes for welding in trenches
IPC: B29C65/20
Filed: 1971-10-25
Abstract: A pipe holding and guiding apparatus comprises pairs of upper and lower shells to hold the pipe ends, the upper shell being of smaller arc (e.g. 120 degrees). The lower shell is suspended from the upper, the upper from a rigid frame by pivoting links permitting the axial approach of the pipes. A connecting rod linking two cranks, one attached to a pivoting arm of one pipe support, the other to a pivoting arm of the other pipe support, ensures symmetrical approach of the pipes ends towards each other under the action of rams. The lower shells (of larger arc) are closed around the pipe in a pincer action by lever arms extending above the pipe from the sides of the shell and pulled together by hydraulic jacks.
Patent DE-2157349-A1 (DE)
Title: Impulse piston drive - with reduced hydraulic pressure loss
Inventor: STRISCHENKO WITALIJ EWGENEWITS
IPC: B21J7/26
Filed: 1971-11-19
Abstract: Impulse piston drive comprises an impulse chamber with a guide chamber for the piston and a chamber for the energy carrier, which, to permit flow of the energy carrying medium, is normally connected with the guide chamber through an opening, which can be closed by a special drive. The valve closure member consists of a hollow piston, which is housed in the chamber for the energy carrying medium, there being sufficient play to permit displacement of the piston by the carrier medium overflow, whence it subdivides the chamber into one part, which is connected through passages in the walls of the hollow piston with its interior cavity, whilst the other part contains the drive for closing the valve piston. The system reduces hydraulic pressure losses normally encountered in this type of system, which is employed for plant in which pressure is applied to metals.
Patent DE-2206873-A1 (DE)
Title: Mouthwash contg vitamin b12 - for treating the gums and oral mucosa
Inventor: KOEHLER VALENTIN DR MED
IPC: A61Q11/00
Filed: 1972-02-14
Abstract: Compsn. for treating oral mucosa and the gums consists of an aq. soln. of Vitamin B12 contg. 30-60 gamma/cc. Soln. prevents bleeding of the gums, strengthens the dental tissue and prevents periodontosis (a cause of tooth-decay) and gives more complete coverage of the mucosa etc. than toothpastes. Pref. compsn. contains 2-4wt.% nicotinic acid amide as deodorant.
Patent DE-2210574-A1 (DE)
Title: Tennis racquet - with longitudinally oriented glass fibre/polyester frame core
IPC: A63B49/10
Filed: 1972-03-04
Abstract: Racquet, as in DT P2,139,785.3, has the core surrounded on all sides by a glass fibre mat which forms a solid unit with the core. The core also continues into the regions where the handle joins the frame.