baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-366174-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of a mixture containing mineral and bituminous substances
IPC: C04B24/24
Filed: 1930-11-17
Abstract: A cold method for making a road-making &c. composition comprising mineral ballast and bituminous substances consists in adding to the undried mineral ballast, before the mixing operation, a water-insoluble emulsifying agent of high molecular weight in the form of an aqueous paste, and then incorporating road-making tar, petroleum pitch, asphalt solution or the like. In a modification, the emulsifying agent is added during the operation of mixing the ballast and the bituminous substance.  A soluble alkali salt of a water-insoluble acid emulsifying agent may be used if an insoluble salt is formed by reaction when mixed with the mineral ballast. Examples of mineral ballast are stone chips, sand, pulverized minerals, and cement.  Examples of emulsifying agents are lignic acids, humic acids, ground lignite, ground peat, the acid substances obtainable from coal or lignite by treatment with nitric acid, insoluble calcium salts of these acids, and chlorination or oxidation products of humic substances &c.  The soluble alkali salts may be used if the chemical nature of the mineral ballast is such that insoluble alkaline earth or metallic salts are formed.  Hydrous ammonium salts of humic acid, of a resin acid or of a fatty acid may also be used since these salts are converted into an insoluble form by the loss of ammonia.  In an example 900 parts of river sand and 900 parts of basalt chips in their natural moist condition are mixed with 30 parts of an aqueous paste, of about 20 per cent strength, of finely ground lignite rich in humic acid; 80 parts of a cold solution of 4 parts of petroleum pitch in one part of benzene are added and thoroughly mixed.  In another example the mineral ballast comprises river sand, porphyry chips, and cement and the emulsifying agent comprises lignic acid and ammonia.
Patent GB-823048-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the treatment of wool and nylon to improve their resistance to abrasion
Inventor: HARDING ARTHUR JACOB IMMINS
IPC: D06M15/53
Filed: 1955-12-02
Abstract: Fabrics composed of wool and/or nylon are treated with an aqueous liquid having a pH between 2 and 5 and temperature between 150 DEG F. and the boiling point of the liquid, and containing a condensation product of formaldehyde with an aromatic sulphonic acid or a salt thereof and a non-ionic dispersing agent or a liquid polysiloxane. The materials treated may be yarns or knitted or woven fabrics or garments of wool and/or nylon or mixtures thereof with polyester fibres or fibres of cotton, casein, cellulose acetate or regenerated cellulose.  The aromatic acids used to obtain the condensates may be derived from benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, diphenyl or dinaphthyl nuclei and include dinaphthylmethane disulphonic acids, diphenylmethane disulphonic acids, dicresylmethane disulphonic acids, dixylmethane disulphonic acids, diaminonaphthyl methane disulphonic acids, dichloronaphthyl methane disulphonic acids, dinitronaphthyl methane disulphonic acids, dithiolnaphthyl methane disulphonic acids. Sodium, potassium and ammonium salts of various acids are mentioned and also trisulphonic acids of aromatic hydrocarbons and alkylated hydrocarbons and mono, di- or tri-hydric phenols and alkyl substituted phenols.  The condensation products may be made in situ and the liquid may contain a bisulphite or sulphite and also dyestuffs.  The necessary pH may be obtained by addition of acetic, hydrochloric, sulphuric, formic, phosphoric or lactic acid.  The dispersing agent may be a condensate of the general formula <FORM:0823048/IV(c)/1> or H2N(CH2CH2NH)nH where R is a alky group preferably having more than 8 carbon atoms and n is preferably more than 20.  The polysiloxane may have the formula <FORM:0823048/IV(c)/2> After application, the polysiloxane may be made to condense further.
Patent GB-1403041-A (GB)
Title: Annular hole cutters or trepanning tools
IPC: B23C5/10
Filed: 1972-07-25
Abstract: 1403041 Trepanning tools E D HOUGEN 25 July 1972 [29 Dec 1971] 34672/72 Heading B3C An annular hole cutter or trepanning tool 12 comprises cutting teeth 20 each tooth being provided with two radially extending cutting edges 22, 24 one edge 22 extending outwardly from the inner periphery of the tool body 16 and the other edge 24 extending inwardly from the outer periphery of the body, the cutting edges being offset circumferentially and are interconnected by a shoulder 26. Adjacent the cutting edges are provided chip conveying grooves 44, 46, respectively, groove 44 being in the form of a gullet and the outer groove 46 being formed as a helical slot along the outer surface of the body 16. The chips produced by both the cutting edges during operation are directed by appropriate rake and clearance angles from the gullet into the outer helical grooves 46 and carried away therein. The rake and clearance angles relating to the cutting edges and the relationship between the cutting edges are shown generally in Figs. 2 and 5 and are indicated by surfaces 48, 46, and 34, 38 and 32, the intersection of the clearance surfaces at 36  forming a cutting point on the outer cutting edge. In addition, the outer corners of each cutting edge 22, 24 may be chamfered as shown at 76 and 78 in Fig. 10, to prevent possible chipping of the edge corners when in use. Other embodiments described merely indicate slight variations in the form and relationship between the cutting edges.
Patent GB-282755-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of sulphate of ammonia and cement
IPC: C01C1/244
Filed: 1927-12-22
Abstract: 282,755. Soc. Anon. de MatÚriel de Construction. Dec. 29, 1926, [Convention date]. Void [Published under Sect, 91 of the Acts]. Cements, Portland, materials and compositions for.-The decomposition of calcium sulphate by ammonium carbonate to form ammonium sulphate and calcium carbonate is carried out in presence of clay, kaolin, bauxite or other substances containing silica, alumina and oxide of iron, so that the pasty residue after separation of ammonium sulphate solution is suitable for making Portland cement. A mixture with water of gypsum, clay, kaolin, &c. is treated with ammonia gas or mixed with ammoniacal liquor, and carbon dioxide under pressure is passed through. The temperature is maintained preferably at 34-45‹ C. at the commencement and is regulated so as not to rise above 75‹ C. Carbon dioxide recovered in the making of cement may be used again in the process.
Patent GB-487388-A (GB)
Title: An improved adhesive containing glue
IPC: C09J189/00
Filed: 1936-12-18
Abstract: A neutral or slightly acid, non-corrosive adhesive comprises 1 or more parts of glue to 4 parts of other organic gel-forming substances, which substances will not sediment after stirring up the adhesive with water and will increase the viscosity of the glue solution.  The added substance may be starch converted into soluble form by means of alkali and then neutralized.  The materials may be mixed in solution and then dried, or may be mixed dry.  To produce a cold adhesive, liquefying substances such as potassium thiocyanate, sulphonic acids or their salts, or thiourea or other urea derivatives may be added.
Patent GB-1298113-A (GB)
Title: Electronic image-producing apparatus
Inventor: WITMER WARNER H
IPC: H01J17/49
Filed: 1970-07-17
Abstract: 1298113 Gas discharge display panels W H WITMER 17 July 1970 34870/70 Heading H1D [Also in Division H4] Electronic signal responsive apparatus for production of images comprises a light amplifier having first and second electrodes 39, 35, means 18, 19 for applying energizing potential between said electrodes, a multiplicity of electron discharge cathodes in a mosaic pattern substantially parallel to and spaced behind said first electrode 39, a low-pressure gaseous medium extending to said cathodes wherein electronic glow discharge may occur, and an anode system in said gaseous medium co-operating with said cathodes to establish a localized glow discharge transferable from cathode to cathode in a predetermined raster pattern for activating said light amplifier in the immediate region of the glow discharge and thereby causing the effective light output to correspond to a scanned picture signal. The light amplifier comprises an electroluminescent layer 36, an opaque layer 37 of moderate resistance, and a photoconductive layer 38, between the electrodes 35 and 39 which are transparent aluminium layers. A transparent insulating layer 41 of glass or quartz covers the electrode 39. The cathode mosaic (Fig. 3, not shown) is fixed to a glass plate 31 which is sealed to a glass viewing panel 32 by parts 33 to form the envelope of the image reproducer 11. The anode system comprises four inter-digitated grids (Fig. 4, not shown). The image reproducer is connected to a television receiver (Fig. 1, not shown, see Divisions H3-H5) which supplies pulses to the anodes and cathodes to step the discharge, and supplies video signals to the terminals 18 and 19. The p.c. layer 38 and opaque layer 37 may be omitted from the light amplifier, to provide higher frequency response with lower light sensitivity.
Patent GB-898965-A (GB)
Title: New or improved means for attaching hollow or cavitied members to structures
Inventor: FROSH SIDNEY
IPC: F16B12/52
Filed: 1959-10-16
Abstract: 898,965. Furniture joints. GREENMAN Ltd., S. Oct. 6, 1960 [Oct. 16, 1959], No. 35094/59. Class 52(2) A device for securing a hollow or cavitied leg to a table or other furniture comprises a block of rubber or the like of square or othernon- circular cross-section and a bolt 2 extending axially through the block 1 to engage a nut 6 incorporated with an anchoring plate 7 secured to the furniture, the block 1 being inserted into the cavitied leg 5 as a close fit and the member 5 being then rotated to cause block 1 to be compressed axially between a washer 4 and bolt head 3 and thus expand radially to grip the sides of the cavity.
Patent GB-619244-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to high frequency heating apparatus
IPC: H05B6/62
Filed: 1946-11-27
Abstract: 619,244. Dielectric heating. LUDLOW, J. H., and METROPOLITAN-VICKERS ELECTRICAL CO., Ltd. Nov. 27, 1946, No. 35183. [Class 39 (iii)] Apparatus comprising a valve oscillator 1 in a metal screening box A and having a vertically mounted inductance 6 with a lead 9 passing through the top of the box from the upper end of the inductance to one of the heating electrodes 12. A silver-plated copper cylinder 16 is located within the lower part of the inductance coil and is arranged so that the reaction may be controlled by varying the position of the cylinder within the coil. Cooling air may. be blown into the screening box via passages 17, 20 and allowed to escape through an aperture 19.
Patent GB-1194543-A (GB)
Title: Ultrasonic Holography
Inventor: BRENDEN BYRON BYRNE
IPC: G02F1/13
Filed: 1967-08-01
Abstract: 1,194,543. Ultrasonic holography. BATTELLE DEVELOPMENT CORP. 1 Aug., 1967 [3 Aug., 1966], No. 35227/67. Heading H4D. [Also in Division G2] Ultrasonic holograms are produced by directing a first ultrasonic beam to an object and thence to a hologram detecting surface and directing a second beam to interfere with the first beam at the hologram detecting surface. The detecting surface may be either a liquid/air interface or a liquid/liquid interface. In the Fig. 6 embodiment, an object 23 to be inspected is immersed in water and is illuminated with ultrasound from transducer 11 to provide an "object beam" which interferes with a "reference beam" from transducer 13 immersed in a chlorinated difluoromethane liquid to form a standing-wave hologram at interface 19<SP>1</SP>. Ultrasonic reflectors 61, 63, provide a forcebalancing arrangement. The hologram is illuminated with light from source 31 (which can, but need not, be coherent) to provide an image beam 69 from which the zero-order and one firstorder image reconstruction beams can be eliminated by a mask (Fig. 4, not shown) prior to viewing or recording on film. In the Fig. 11 embodiment the object and reference beams are provided by transducers immersed in the same liquid 15 and the hologram is formed in a detector cell 71<SP>11</SP> comprising a liquid layer of cholesterol chloride sandwiched between glass plates. The cell isolates the hologram from disturbances of the free surface of liquid 15. The optical properties of the cholesteric layer (reflection, transmission, birefringence, circular dichroism, optical activity and colour) are modified according to the intensity distribution in the ultrasonic hologram, and the hologram is illuminated by plane-polarized light to provide an image beam from which one first-order reconstruction beam 35 may be isolated by a mask 53<SP>1</SP>, as before, for viewing or recording. Details of alternative detector cells, comprising an oil layer below a glass plate, are given. A single transducer and a reflector may be used instead of two transducers to produce the hologram. The ultrasonic beams may be pulsed to reduce the effects of vibrational disturbances of the hologram detecting surface.
Patent GB-1513400-A (GB)
Title: Typing machines
IPC: B41J5/28
Filed: 1975-08-28
Abstract: 1513400 Selective printing SCM CORP 28 Aug 1975 [28 Aug 1974] 35573/75 Heading B6F A key action produces a single action when key 12 is partly depressed and a repeat action when fully depressed. To effect single action (Fig. 3), the depressed keylever 14 moves its heel 94 to press on spring 32. This pulls a single action interposer 28 so that its ledge 96 falls off the shelf 78. The top of the opening 32 then pivots about the heel 94 to snap the interposer 28 against the pivot 38 and so make it engage the power roll 40. The roll 40 then drives the pawl 38 and its actuator 42 to effect a type lever impression. Depressing the keylever 14 fully (Fig. 5) tensions spring 70 and this moves crank 66 to pivot about its finger 102. The crank 66 as a result pivots forked lever 72 about the shelf 78 so that its upper prong 74 holds the interposer 28 clear of the pawl 38 and its projection 80 releases a latch 82. The release of the latch 82 permits spring 86 to urge a cam follower surface 106 of repeat interposer 90 against the roll 40. When the surface 106 contacts portion 108 of the roll the interposer 90 is moved to make the pawl 38 re-engage the roll 40. This is repeated once every revolution of the roll 40.
Patent GB-508084-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to bottom constructions of shoes
IPC: A43B13/32
Filed: 1937-12-24
Abstract: 508,084. Soles and heels for boots and shoes. UNITED SHOE MACHINERY CORPORATION. Dec. 24, 1937, No. 35748. Convention date, Dec. 28, 1936. Addition to 501,057. [Class 17 (ii)] The heel end por, tion of a sole 7 is adapted for attachment to a heel 21 constructed in accordance with the parent Specification by splitting it into an anchoring portion 14 and a thinner and narrower flap 13, a forwardly projecting lip 20 on the breast of the heel being housed between the sole flap and the anchoring portion, with the rear end of the latter received in a channel 22 in the breast face of the heel. The channel 22 may be curved and its ends terminate in the attaching face of the heel. The flap 13 is shorter and narrower than the attaching face of the heel so as to be entirely concealed in the completed shoe, and it may contain an indication, such as a perforation or spotting hole, to assist in correct positioning of the sole in a sole-laying machine.
Patent GB-1056480-A (GB)
Title: Process for preparing epsilon-caprolactams
IPC: C08J11/10
Filed: 1965-08-20
Abstract: An e -caprolactam is prepared by reacting with aqueous ammonia or a primary aliphatic amine, under pressure and between 250- 475 DEG  C., a polyester of an e -hydroxy caproic acid having the formula <FORM:1056480/C2/1> or <FORM:1056480/C2/2> in which R is H, lower alkyl, cycloalkyl; X is H, lower alkyl or hydroxyalkyl; X1 is C2- 6 alkylene, and n or (n1 + n11) does not exceed 40, and extracting the caprolactam formed with a solvent.  By "lower" alkyl is meant radicals of 1-8 C atoms.  Suitably 1-10 mols of ammonia or amine are used for each recurring e -oxycaproyl unit of the ester, and the water concentration is such that the total polyester concentration in the total mixture is 5-40% by weight.  Suitable extraction solvents are hydrocarbons, optionally halogenated, e.g. CHCl3.  The polyester used may be a by-product from the preparation of e -caprolactones, or may be prepared by esterifying 6-formyloxycaproic acid or 6-acetoxycaproic acid (see Division C3).ALSO:Polyesters of e -hydroxycaproic acid having the formula <FORM:1056480/C3/1> are prepared by heating in the presence of an esterification catalyst, either 6-formyloxycaproic acid, or 6-acetoxycaproic acid, or mixtures containing them
Patent GB-381790-A (GB)
Title: Improved manufacture of hollow ingots
IPC: B22D27/11
Filed: 1931-12-29
Abstract: 381,790. Making cased and other tubes. JONES, E. F., Victoria Station House, Victoria Street, London. Dec. 29, 1931, No. 35903. [Classes 83 (i) and 83 (ii).] Casting-machines ; castings ; cores.- In making ferrous metal tubes a definite quantity of molten metal is poured into a mould 2, a plunger 3 is inserted to form a sleeve or a thimble 6a which is compressed during solidification as by a collar 4. When cool enough to be self-supporting the plunger is withdrawn and then the hollow ingot is extracted and rolled or drawn into a tube, preferably without reheating. To form a lined tube the plunger 3 may carry a sleeve 7 of non-corroding or other metal separated therefrom by a layer 8 of non- conducting material such as asbestos. The plunger is cooled by fluid circulated at a controlled rate through a pipe 5.
Patent GB-1387073-A (GB)
Title: Dry cell
IPC: H01M6/08
Filed: 1972-08-01
Abstract: 1387073 Dry cells SOC ANON POUR L'EQUIPEMENT ELECTRIQUE DES VEHICULES SEV MARCHAL 1 Aug 1972 [5 Aug 1971 5 July 1972] 35940/72 Heading H1B A dry cell having an aqueous electrolyte comprises a cylindrical cathode casing 21, at least the inner surface of which is of copper, and which is closed at one, a depolarizing mass 22 formed of a mixture of a carbonaceous or graphite substance, an aqueous electrolyte and a reducible mineral or organic compound and being in direct contact with the copper surface of the positive electrode, at least one negative anode electrode 23 made of Mg, Al, Zn or an alloy thereof, an ion-permeable film or layer 32 surrounding each anode 23 and separating it from the depolarizing mass, and a cover 30 closing the open end of the casing and providing an anode terminal. As shown, the anode 23 is a cylindrical bar which rests on an insulating disc 27 and which may be circular, triangular, square, rectangular or cruciform in cross-section, In Fig. 7 (not shown), the anode is a tube with regularly distributed radial holes therein. alternatively in Figs. 8, 9 (not shown), the anode comprises two separate parallel strips riveted to a conductive terminal disc and in Fig. 10 (not shown), the two strips are joined into a U- shape. Each anode may be recessed parallel or perpendicular to its axis to increase its contact area with the depolarizing mass. The anode material is preferably a Mg alloy containing up to 15% Al and/or Zn. The cathode casing 21 may comprise a Cu sheet 0À1-0À5 mm. thick, a steel or Al casing lined with Ca or a plastics sheath lined with a Cu layer 20-100 microns thick. The ion-permeable film 32 surrounding the anode comprises kraft paper, a microporous substance, an ion-exchange diaphragm, a cellulose substance or an electrolyte gell. The depolarizer 22 may additionally contain up to 15 wt. per cent of at least one metal oxide and/or salt. In the depolarizer the reducible organic compound is preferably a chlorodinitrobenzene such as 1-chloro, 2-nitrobenzene, but may also be a chloronitrobenzene, dinitrobenzene, dichloronitrobenzene or dinitrotoluene, and the carbonaceous or graphite substance is preferably a black obtained by cracking oily hydrocarbons or it may be acetylene black or an active carbon. The aqueous electrolyte is a solution containing several mols/litre of perchlorates and/or bromides of alkali and/or alkaline earth metal with the possible addition of up to 0À2 mol/litre of chromate or bichromate of an alkali or alkaline earth metal. The preferred electrolyte is magnesium perchlorate with added ammonium chromate. The cell performance of a number of specific examples is given.
Patent GB-848872-A (GB)
Title: A method of and means for setting the contact points of the distributor of an internal combustion engine
IPC: F02P7/063
Filed: 1955-12-14
Abstract: 848,872. Slip and ring gauges. TOOKE, E. Dec. 14, 1956 [Dec. 14, 1955; June 13, 1956], No. 35941/55. Class 106 (2). An ignition gauge for setting the contact points of the distributer of an internal combustion engine comprises in combination a cylindrical sleeve a having a predetermined wall thickness and a limit gauge b also of a predetermined thickness, the two dimensions being related in accordance with the required gap between the contact points of the distributer. In operation, the sleeve a is placed on the cam of the distributer, the limit gauge b is introduced between the contact points and the " fixed " point is released and then closed on to it. The " fixed " point is then secured again. This gives the required setting. Various types of sleeve are described. That shown in Fig. 4 may be produced by rolling a length of strip spring steel, one edge h of which may be beaded or radiused for ease of handling, and then hardening and tempering. The sleeve shown in Fig. 3 may be produced from a cylindrical section, the slit f being made, so that it can accommodate slightly differing sizes of cam.
Patent GB-1429477-A (GB)
Title: Spraying substances
IPC: B05B7/16
Filed: 1972-08-02
Abstract: 1429477 Coating apparatus IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES LTD 23 July 1973 [2 Aug 1972] 36013/72 Heading B2L  Apparatus for coating particles of urea in a rotating drum 2 comprises a pipe 3 for air and a pipe 4 for molten sulphur which lead to a nozzle 8 the pipes being surrounded by steam jackets 5, steam entering through a pipe 6 into the jacket surrounding pipe 3, passing to the other jacket 5 by a suitable steam connection beyond the nozzle 8 and exiting at a temperature above the melting point of sulphur through a pipe 7. In the nozzle a hollow pipe 9 surrounds and is connected to a hollow apertured spindle 10 the delivery end of which extends into the nozzle 8 so that the sulphur is delivered into the incoming gas stream.