Patent GB-728605-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to polymerization products
IPC: D01F6/18
Filed: 1952-08-21
Abstract: Amides or cyclic imides of polymerizable ethylenic acids and amino tertiary bases are polymerized to produce polymers having a plurality of repeating units of the formula <FORM:0728605/IV (a)/1> in which R is hydrogen, the cyano group, or the -CO-(a) group; R1 is hydrogen, the methyl group, or, when R is hydrogen, the -CH2-CO-(a) group, and P is the residue of an amino tertiary nitrogenous base having its tertiary nitrogen attached to a double bonded ring carbon atom, the valence (a) being satisfied by an ester, acid, or amide-forming group, and the valence (b) being otherwise satisfied by the hydrogen or alkyl group.  The amides and cyclic imides used are those obtained by reacting polymerizable ethylenic acids such as acrylic, methacrylic, cyanoacrylic, cyanomethacrylic, maleic, fumaric, citraconic, mesaconic, and itaconic acids, half esters, and amic acids with tertiary nitrogenous bases which contain a condensable amino group and a basic tertiary nitrogen atom which is linked to a double-bonded ring carbon atom, such as aminopyridine, amino-quinoline, amino-pyrimidine, amino - quinazoline, and amino - N,N - dialkylanilines, and their chloro, bromo, amino, hydroxyl, alkyl, and aryl derivatives, and guanazole and its alkyl and aryl derivatives.  Numerous examples of amides and cyclic imides are provided in the Specification which may be polymerized alone or together with one or more copolymerizable monomers such as vinyl acetate, styrene, alpha-methyl styrene, ortho-, meta-, and para-chloro, -fluoro, -cyano, and-trifluoromethyl styrenes, dichlorostyrenes, trichlorostyrenes, dicyanostyrenes, mono- and di-methyl, -ethyl, and -isopropyl styrenes, para-phenyl styrene, para-cyclohexyl styrene, difluorostyrenes, di-(trifluoromethyl)-styrenes, vinyl naphthalenes, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, methyl beta-cyano acrylate, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrylamide, methacrylamide, beta-cyano-acrylamide, dimethyl and diethyl itaconates, itaconamide, fumaronitrile, vinyl and vinylidene chlorides and fluorides, tetrafluoroethylene, and trifluorochloroethylene.  Polymerization may be carried out in mass, solution or emulsion, for example in an aqueous medium of pH3, with the aid of catalysts such as benzoyl, naphthyl, phthalyl, and hydrogen peroxides, tertiary butyl and cyclohexyl hydroperoxides, tertiary butyl perbenzoate, ammonium persulphate, a mixture of ammonium persulphate and sodium bisulphite, and azo catalysts.  The amides and cyclic imides are preferably employed to impart dye susceptibility to acrylonitrile polymers, either by copolymerization with acrylonitrile, or by blending homopolymers or copolymers of the amides or cyclic imides with acrylonitrile homopolymers or copolymers; the copolymers and blends are soluble in solvents such as dimethyl formamide, diethyl formamide, dimethyl acetamide, diethyl acetamide, dimethyl methoxyacetamide, dimethyl methyl urethane, dimethyl cyanoacetamide, dimethyl cyanamide, ethylene carbonate, ethylene carbamate, butyrolactone, ethyl propionamide, tetramethyl urea, methylene dinitrile, tetramethylene sulphone, methylene dithiocyanate, formyl caprolactam, and nitromethane; these polymer solutions may be formed into films and fibres which are orientable and dyeable with acetate, basic, acidic, and vat dyestuffs.