baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-909266-A (GB)
Title: Synthetic crystalline zeolite
IPC: C01B39/02
Filed: 1959-04-03
Abstract: A synthetic crystalline zeolitic molecular sieve, designated zeolite Y, having a composition expressed as oxides of:-0,9\sB0,2Na2O:Al2O3:3 to 5 SiO2:0-9 H2O, and having a specified X-ray diffraction pattern, is prepared by forming an aqueous sodium aluminosilicate mixture having a composition, expressed in terms of oxide-mol-ratios falling within one of the following ranges:- <TABS:0909266/III/1> and maintaining the mixture at a temperature in the range of from 20 DEG to 125 DEG C. until the crystals of the zeolite are formed.  If the source of the silica is an aqueous colloidal silica sol., compositions falling within ranges, a, b and c are employed whereas if silica is provided as sodium silicate ranges d, e and f are applicable.  If sodium silicate is used as the major source of silica, the resultant zeolite has a SiO2/Al2O3 ratio from 3 to 3,9 and a unit cell from 24,87 to 24,77  ; the use of colloidal silica sols. allows an SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of above 3,9.  Synthesis also may be effected up to 175 DEG C. if the oxide mole ratios are as follows:- .Na2O/SiO2.0,6\sB0,01 .SiO2/Al2O2.10 to 35 .H2O/Na2O.41\sB0,5 According to a typical example, sodium aluminate and caustic soda were dissolved in distilled water and added to an aqueous colloidal silica sol. to provide a mixture having a mole composition of 13,9 Na2O: Al2O3:28.2SiO2: 471 H2O which was sealed in a glass reaction vessel and placed in a steam bath at a 100 DEG C. p  After crystallation was complete the solids were separated and washed with distilled water until the pH of the effluent was about 10,5.  The powder was dried and had analysis of 0,92 Na2O; Al2O3; 4,00 SiO2:7,0 H2O. The zeolite may be activated by heating in air or under vacuum at temperatures up to 450 DEG C. and may then be used as an absorbent, as such, or pelleted with clay for example.  The zeolite has stability towards steam and may be employed in gas drying.  A table is given showing the absorption capacity of the zeolite for H2O, CO2, n-pentane, (C4F9)3N, (C4H9)3N, krypton, and oxygen.
Patent GB-492616-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to bathing caps
IPC: A42B1/12
Filed: 1937-04-21
Abstract: 492,616. Bathing-caps. JEANS, J. S. April 21, 1937, No. 11396. [Class 63] A bathing-cap comprises a cap proper 1 and two outside sealing straps 2 adapted to be drawn backwardly from the front of the cap and secured tightly round the cap. Preferably, they are crossed at the back and brought forwardly to be fastened together at the front. A strap 3 may be secured to the front of the cap for securing the fastened ends of the straps against displacement. The cap may be worn as an under-cap. According to the Provisional Specification the straps may extend from a piece of material not secured to the cap, which piece of material may be triangular and may extend right over the crown from front to back.
Patent GB-1061772-A (GB)
Title: A process for the roasting of pyrites with the simultaneous reduction of ferric oxides to magnetite in a fluidized bed
IPC: C22B1/14
Filed: 1964-03-18
Abstract: In a process for roasting pyrites with accompanying reduction of ferric oxides to magnetite in a fluidized bed, the starting materials (i.e. pyrites and ferric oxide ores) are simultaneously fed into the reaction zone of a furnace at 600-1000 DEG  C., an amount of fluidizing and combustion air is simultaneously introduced so that there is no excess oxygen and the oxidation of the pyrites is effected partially by atmospheric oxygen and partially by the ferric oxide of the ore according to the equations:-2FeS2 --> S2 + 2FeS FeS + O2 --> SO2 + Fe3O4 Fe2O3 + S2 --> SO2 + Fe3O4 so that the sulphurous gases of the reaction do not contain elemental sulphur and at least 50% of the iron of the pyrites and of the ferric oxide is transformed into magnetite, which can be concentrated magnetically. The feed of ferric oxide and air for fluidization and combustion may be preheated before entering the reaction zone and this ferric oxide may be a pyrites cinder from a roasting carried out simultaneously in an adjacent roasting zone. Part of the sulphurous gases produced by the furnace may be recycled to the furnace after removal of dust. The endothermal character of some of the reaction may be supplemented by the combustion of an auxiliary combustible extraneous to the process, the gases of which, mixed with the solids, contribute to increasing turbulence in the reaction zone.  In a modification of the process, the reaction zone is subdivided into two zones, the upper zone being fed with the ferric oxide ore and the lower with the pyrites.  The hot gases containing elemental sulphur derived from the lower zone pass through the upper zone, where the sulphur is oxidized by means of the ferric oxide, which is transformed into magnetite. The solids of the upper zone leave the furnace either independently or through the lower zone together with the solids produced therein.
Patent GB-513706-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in fire extinguishers
IPC: A62C13/00
Filed: 1938-04-14
Abstract: 513,706. Collapsable tubes. SCHNABEL, E. April 14, 1938, Nos. 11555 and 11556. Convention dates, April 17, 1937. and July 1, 1937. [Class 66] [Also in Group XXI] A hand fire-extinguisher in the form of a collapsable tube a is constructed of a resilient, artificial material which is resistant to the extinguishing medium. A polyvinyl derivative, such as alcohol or acetal, is used. The ends of the tube are closed by pressure and 'steam treatment, and a discharge tube b, of similar material, is secured in the end f, preferably at one side thereof. The free end of the tube b is fitted with a closed glass nozzle c which is notched at d so as to be easily broken, and is covered with a sheath g of polyvinyl alcohol. When not in use, the nozzle is secured in a socket h. It is broken at the notch d, and the sheath g is torn, when the extinguisher is to be used. Other polyvinyl derivatives may be used, either alone, or in combination, or in association with softening agents. The tube a may be transparent, and may be formed by moulding, dipping, or otherwise, with or without a fabric core. The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 states that the tube may be enclosed in an outer casing charged with' compressed air, the pressure of which collapses the tube when a valve thereon is opened. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.
Patent GB-778001-A (GB)
Title: Process for the production of permselective membranes and the membranes thus produced
IPC: C08J5/22
Filed: 1955-04-21
Abstract: A film of an organic, polymeric, hydrophobic substance which is of high resistivity and has a length and a breadth which are both at least 100 times the thickness thereof is converted into a permselective membrane by decreasing the electrical resistivity of the film to less than 500 ohm per cm.2, as measured in equilibrium with a 0.1 N aqueous sodium chloride solution, by incorporating in the film ionic groups having a dissociation constant of at least 10-5 in a quantity of at least 0.2 milli-equivalent per gram of dry substance.  The film may be of polyvinyl chloride, a vinyl chloride-vinylidene chloride copolymer, polystyrene or polyethylene. The chlorine atoms of vinyl chloride polymers and copolymers may be replaced by quaternary ammonium groups, guanidinium groups or tertiary sulphonium groups by reaction with tertiary amines, guanidines or organic disulphides; polystyrene may be sulphonated or may be chloromethylated and then treated with trimethylamine. Specification 747,948 is referred to.ALSO:A film of chlorinated rubber or rubber hydrochloride which has a length and a breadth which are both at least 100 times the thickness thereof is converted into a permselective membrane by decreasing the electrical resistivity of the film to less than 500 ohm per cm2, as measured in equilibrium with a 0,1 N aqueous sodium chloride solution, by incorporating in the film ionic groups having a dissociation constant of at least 10-5 in a quantity of at least 0,2 milli-equivalent per gram of dry substance.  The ionic groups may be introduced by replacing chlorine atoms by quaternary ammonium, guanidinium, tertiary sulphonium or sulphonic groups by reacting the film with tertiary amines, guanidines, organic disulphides, concentrated sulphuric acid or chlorosulphonic acid.  Specification 747,948 [Group IV(a)] is referred to.
Patent GB-695192-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the production of gases rich in hydrocarbon by the hydrogenation of carbonaceous materials
IPC: C10G1/06
Filed: 1947-04-30
Abstract: 695,192. Gasifying solid carbonaceous material. GAS RESEARCH BOARD, and DENT, F. J. June 27, 1949 [April 30, 1947], No. 11609/47 Class 55(i) A process for the production of gases rich in hydrocarbons by heating coal or other carbonizable solid carbonaceous material in a current of hydrogen or gases containing hydrogen (e.g. water-gas) at a temperature of about 800‹C or higher and under superatmospheric pressure comprises, passing the carbonaceous material in particulate form in countercurrent to the hydrogenating gas successively through two or more zones in which the carbonaceous material is maintained in the fluidized state, and maintaining the zones at different temperatures, which temperatures progressively increase in the direction of travel of the carbonaceous material from a temperature at which destructive distillation occurs or predominates to a temperature at which hydrogenation occurs or predominates. The process may be carried out in an apparatus comprising three chambers 1, 2 and 3, solid carbonaceous material being fed to the chamber 1 through the conduit 4 while the hydrogenating gas is supplied to the lowermost chamber 3 through the line 11 gases containing e.g. up to 60-70 per cent methane leaving by the line 6. Fluidized beds having upper levels A<SP>1</SP> A<SP>2</SP> and A<SP>3</SP> are formed in the chambers and carbonaceous material flows downwardly through the apparatus by means of the pipes 8 and 10, and the gases passing upwardly through the zones are arranged to pass through restricted throats 5 and 9 to promote the flow of carbonaceous material by an injector effect. Residues from the third chamber are removed through the pipe 12 and conditions of the process may be adjusted so that the residue contains sufficient residual carbon to supply by a further gasification e.g. by the process described in Specification 695,191 water gas to be used as the hydrogenating gas. The temperatures of the three beds may be e.g. 700-800‹C, 800-900‹C and 900-1200‹C and the operating pressure 10-50 atmospheres. The temperature in a particular zone may be controlled by cooling means and the desired temperature of the hydrogenating gas achieved by heat exchange with the gases leaving the chamber 1 or with the hot solid residue from the chamber 3. Once the reaction is initiated the process becomes thermally self-sufficient. The reaction may be initiated by (a) preheating the hydrogenating gas or (b) combustion of a gaseous or solid fuel within the various chambers or (c) heating the chambers electrically. In a modification the process is carried out in a two chamber apparatus and the solid carbonaceous material is injected into the upper chamber in the gases rising from the lower chamber. Specification 503,183 also is referred to.
Patent GB-844048-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in grinding machines
IPC: B24B49/16
Filed: 1959-04-07
Abstract: 844,048. Grinding. EDQUIST, F. E. April 7, 1959, No. 11703/59. Class 60. The wheel 4 of a grinding machine is movable towards and away from the work 1 by a pneumatic double-acting piston and cylinder 7, 8, a substantially constant pressure being maintained in a chamber 8a on one side of the piston while the chamber 8b on the other side of the piston is connected to an air tank 18 of considerable volume and is of adjustable pressure, for maintaining the required pressure between the wheel and work, by a variablereducing valve 14 located in compressed air supply lines 9, 13a, 13b ; a two-way valve 15 being inserted in the line 13b and operable by an air link 23 from a control valve 21 is arranged to open to exhaust the chamber 8b through an outlet 15a of the valve 15. A valve 17 connected between the chamber 8b and tank 18 is also operable by the control valve 21 so that the connection between the tank and cylinder is interrupted as the valve 15 opens the chamber 8b to exhaust. The workpiece 1 is clamped to a table 2 which is displaceable along a track in a plane parallel with the axis of the motor-driven grinding wheel 4. In addition to movement of the wheel about the pivotal point 5 of a lever 6, it may be displaced transversely of the work in a known manner. When the control valve 21, which may be operated by a pedal 21a, is open the valves 14, 15, 17 will be held open to admit compressed air to the cylinder chamber 8b and to the tank 18 ; the pressure in the cylinder chambers may be checked by gauges 25 and 26 and adjusted by reducing valves 11 and 20 to provide the desired pressure of the wheel on the workpiece. A spring-loaded relief valve 27 vents excess pressure from the chamber 8a. Because of the relatively large volume of the air tank 18 pressure variations in the chamber 8b will normally be small but if, due to irregularities in the surface of the workpiece, the piston 7 is moved upward to an extent that the pressure above the piston tends to increase, the reducing valve 14 is so adjusted that it will open under excess pressure and discharge through an outlet 14b, thus permitting the wheel to follow surface irregularities whilst under constant grinding pressure. When the control valve 21 is closed, valves 14, 15 and 17 will close and the chamber 8b is vented through the outlet 15a of the valve 15 so that the piston will be raised by the excess pressure in chamber 8a until a cam 28 at the end of the lever 6 remote from the grinding wheel closes a valve 12 in the air supply line to the chamber 8a. A similar automatic cut-off is operable by a vertically-adjustable cam 32 at the other end of the lever 6 when the wheel moves below a predetermined level.
Patent GB-527674-A (GB)
Title: Improved reinforced paper or cardboard
IPC: D21J1/16
Filed: 1939-04-19
Abstract: 527,674. Compound sheet materials. POWELL, G. A. R. April 19, 1939, No. 11752. [Class 140] Laminated paper or cardboard with an intermediate layer of fabric is formed by waterproofing the layers with a solution known as " Grangersol" and consisting of a solution of metallic soap in white spirit, and uniting them with an aqueous emulsion of polymerized vinyl resins. Pressure and a temperature of about 50‹C. are used to effect bonding.
Patent GB-732294-A (GB)
Title: Device for regulating temperature of permanent wave appliances
IPC: G05D23/275
Filed: 1953-04-28
Abstract: 732,294. Electrically heated rods; current supply. WELLA AKT.-GES. April 28, 1953 [April 28, 1952 ; June 10, 1952], No. 11752/53. Class 39 (3). [Also in Group XXXVII] The temperature of a permanent-wave appliance is regulated by a thermal switch actuated by the expansion, relative to a non- expanding rod 13, of two of the heating rods 14, 15 of the appliance or rods in close contact with the heating rods. In the form shown, the rod 13 is adjustably mounted in a cross-bar 17 and bears at its lower end on a bar 25 which loosely rests in bores 23, 24 in caps 21, 22 fixed on the rods 14, 15. Studs 26, 27 bear on faces on the rod 25 and in combination with the pointed end of the rod 13 and a retractive spring cause the rotation of the rod 25 about its axis with change of temperature. Rise of temperature of the rods 14, 15 thus causes a contact arm 28 on the rod 25 to move away from a contact 29. In a modification, Figs. 6-9 (not shown), the caps 21, 22 are fixed not to the heating rods 14, 15 but to other rods lying in grooves in the rods 14, 15. In a further modification, Figs. 10-14 (not shown), the rod 13 is adjusted by a cam and lever and the rotation of the rod 25 operates a mercury switch.
Patent GB-1337045-A (GB)
Title: Continuous break-spinning unit with a rotaryspinning chamber operating at subatmospheric pressure
IPC: D01H4/08
Filed: 1971-04-28
Abstract: 1337045 Fibre entry duct for break-spinners VYZKUMNY USTAV BAVLNARSKY 28 April 1971 [6 May 1970] 11791/71 Heading DID In a break-spinning unit the spinning rotor 8 is fed with fibres 5 by an entry duct 6 which emerges from a projection 16 into the spinning rotor 8. The lower duct wall 19 merges into the cylindrical or conical side surface 20 of the projection and the upper duct wall 17 joins the extremity of the projection at edge 18. A side wall of the duct 24 has concave curvature and fairs into or meets at an obtuse angle with the projection side surface 20. The rotor spindle 10 is driven by a belt 12 and is supported in bearings 9, 9'.
Patent GB-459636-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to methods of making coloured photographs and apparatus therefor
IPC: G02B27/14
Filed: 1936-04-25
Abstract: 459,636. Colour photography. AZZONI, O., 2, Via Benedetto Costa, Santa Margherita Ligure, Genoa, Italy. April 25, 1936, No. 11855. Convention date, April 25, 1935. [Class 98 (ii)] In apparatus of the kind in which during the exposure period light from a common objective falls during one fraction of the exposure time directly on one light - sensitive surface, while during two or other fractions it is deviated by rotatable mirrors on to two or more other light-sensitive surfaces, a different colour filter being employed for each surface, the mirrors are of such a size and shape as to be capable of intercepting at one moment during each revolution the greater part, and preferably substantially the whole of the light from the objective, and are driven by mechanism disposed on the opposite side of the lightsensitive surfaces to the objective. As shown light passing through the objective O strikes the sensitive layer N2 directly, and the sensitive layers N1, N3 when intercepted by the mirrors S1, S3 respectively, both of which are driven by the motor M. The mirrors are trapezoidal, the wider ends being nearer the axis of rotation.
Patent GB-655989-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to thermostatic control systems for ovens and the like
Inventor: WALTON GORDON HERBERT FRANCIS
IPC: H05B1/02
Filed: 1948-04-30
Abstract: 655,989. Automatic temperature control systems. DIAMOND H SWITCHES, Ltd. April 30, 1948, No. 11860. [Class 38 (iv)] [Also in Group XXXVII] In order to minimize temperature overshoot in an ambient temperature compensated heat control system employing fluid as a heatsensitive medium, for an electric oven, refrigerator, or other appliance, an auxiliary heater is provided, the output of which varied with the energy supply to the oven and produces a displacement of the thermostat additional to that produced by the normal thermally-responsive device situated in the oven, the resultant displacement actuating an electric switch. The system comprises a liquid-filled phial 3 connected to a bellows 5 which is heated by the auxiliary heater coil 19 in series (or parallel), with the oven-heating resistance 2. The bellows 5 operates a contact-carrying, spring- loaded, bell-crank lever 9, 10 through a heatinsulating plate 20 and ambient-temperature compensating bimetallic strip 7 shielded by the plate 20 from the coil 19. Alternatively, the compensating device may be of such mass that it is unaffected by the temperature fluctuations of the coil 19. A pivoted spring-loaded contact 13 presses against a cam 16 adjustable by the calibrated dial 17 and engages the contact 12 to energize the resistance 2 and coil 19. As the oven heats up, the lag between the oven temperature and that of the liquid in the phial 3 is counteracted by the expansion of the bellows 5 due to the coil 19, and the contacts 12, 13 separate when the oven temperature is slightly below that set by the dial 17. Similarly, as the oven cools, the bellows temperature falls a greater amount than would have been the case without the coil 19 and the contacts 12, 13 re-engage sooner to prevent undershoot of the oven temperature. The operating differential of the system may be adjustable by having interchangeable coils 19 of varying wattages.
Patent GB-255972-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and connected with head lights
IPC: F21S8/10
Filed: 1925-05-07
Abstract: 255,972. Stoddart, J. May 7, 1925. Motor-vehicle and like head lamps.-In a head lamp, a horizontal electric filament 5 is arranged transversely to and symmetrically with the focal axis of a Mangin mirror 1 and at about its focus so that a narrow intense beam of oblong crosssection is produced surrounded. by a weak light. A spider-holder for supporting the mirror is carried by a hollow sleeve 12 engaging a milled nut 11 at the back of the lamp, the limbs 6 of the spider-holder bearing against the hemispherical surface 9 of the lamp casing. The socket 8 of the lamp bulb is secured, preferably adjustably, to an extension of one of the limbs 6.
Patent GB-907286-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to windings for magnetic structures
Inventor: HODGETTS GRAHAM BENSON
IPC: H02K3/48
Filed: 1958-04-15
Abstract: 907,286. Insulating and securing coils for dynamo-electric machines. ENGLISH ELECTRIC CO. Ltd. April 10, 1959 [April 15, 1958], No. 11938/58. Class 35. Strip or bar conductors 3 carried in core slots 2, e.g. in an electromagnetic pump, are insulated and spaced from the slot walls by spherical spacers 6, e.g. of ceramic material. The conductors may be laminated as shown, with mica strips between layers, or they may be solid. The spherical spacers may present a continuous surface (Figs. 1 and 2, not shown) or they may be disposed in notches 9 provided in the conductor strips. As shown, the notches are staggered, but they may be in alignment from top to bottom. The notches are long enough to allow movement of the spacers due to differential expansion between the conductor and slot. Further spacers are provided between conductors and at the bottom of the slot; these may comprise spherical ones only, spherical ones located by longitudinal rods 18, transverse rods 19, or solid ceramic blocks (Fig. 6, not shown). The conductors are retained by slot wedges 14 which may contain a spring 16 to allow for expansion.
Patent GB-106380-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to Electrical Stop Motions for Knitting Machines.
IPC: D04B35/10
Filed: 1916-08-23
Abstract: 106,380. Spencer, W. H. C., and Collins, Ltd., H. Aug. 23, 1916. Stop motions.-An electric stop-motion, particularly for circular machines, comprises a metal box 1 carrying a series of pivoted fingers or wires 2, 3, having arms 2a, 3<a>, extending through apertures 1<a> in the box and adapted to engage with notched or V-shaped members 17, 18, extending from an insulated plate 16. The fingers 3 are provided with slotted plates 12 through which the yarn 9 passes and are rocked to close the circuit by a knot, &c. The wires 2 are held up by the yarn within forks 11 and drop to close the circuit upon breakage or failure of the yarn. The box is closed by cover-plates 20, 21, and is mounted by means of an arm 6 upon a rod 7 having an extension provided with yarn guides 8 being situated at a sufficient distance from the needles that sufficient yarn is provided to prevent press-offs. According to the Provisional Specification, the members 17, 18, are formed on insulated cover-plates which are secured to the box bv a bolt.