Patent GB-426785-A (GB)
Title: Process for the manufacture of wetting and emulsifying agents
Filed: 1933-07-07
Abstract: Sulphonic acids or salts thereof are recovered from acid tar, of the kind obtained in refining mineral or tar oils with oleum, by any of the following methods: (1) osmosis against water; (2) extraction with a nonalcoholic solvent such as ether, preferably after the tar has been diluted with water; (3) salting-out by addition of a saturated sulphate solution.  A modification of method (3) consists in treating the diluted tar with a salt such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, or ammonium chloride, whereby hydrochloric acid and alkali or ammonium sulps of the sulphuric and sulphonic acids of the tar are formed, and the alkali or ammonium sulphonates are salted out by the sulphates or bisulphates; the process may be repeated, and traces of free acids in the products may then be neutralized with a carbonate or hydroxide.  The sulphonic acids and their ammonium, alkali, alkaline earth, and heavy metal salts (copper, mercury and silver salts are specified) have wetting and emulsifying properties, and the following applications of those properties are referred to: (1) use as foaming agents in extinguishing fires; (2) use of solutions of the alkali sulphonates for extinguishing fires, e.g. bituminous coal or brown coal fires, or for quenching coke; (3) use of the alkali salts for wetting and precipitating dust, e.g. blast-furnace dust, brown-coal dust, or flue dust; (4) use of the acids or their salts as wetting agents in bleaching cotton; (5) manufacture of drilling oils comprising salts of the sulphonic acids, lubricating oil, and a weakly alkaline substance such as di- or tri-sodium phosphate; (6) use of the sulphonic acids as emulsifying agents for bituminous substances; (7) use of the salts of the acids (which may be formed in situ) as emulsifying agents for solvents such as benzene, chlorobenzenes, carbon tetrachloride and trichlorethylene; emulsions containing about 80 per cent of benzene are stated to be obtainable; the emulsions may be thickened by addition of soap, and scouring agents such as magnesium carbonate may also be added; (8) use of the acids or their salts in preparing aqueous paraffin emulsions useful for impregnating purposes or in the manufacture of matches; (9) manufacture of vermin-destroying emulsions by adding poisonous substances such as p-dichlorobenzene, chlorophenols or suitable plant extracts to aqueous emulsions of solvents, e.g. an emulsion of trichlorethylene, benzene and petroleum, prepared with the aid of the salts of the acids; emulsions applicable by spraying may be produced; (10) use of the acids or their salts as dispersing agents in the manufacture of distempers and oil paints; for example, a foundation mixture may be produced by adding turpentine to a mixture of lamp black with benzene and the sodium salts of the acids.  The ammonium salts of the acids are useful also as fireproofing agents. Specifications 148,579, 300,264, 319,623, [all in Class 2 (iii)], and 400,009 are referred to.ALSO:Sulphonic acids or salts thereof recovered from acid tar, of the kind obtained in refining mineral or tar oils with oleum, are used as wetting emulsifying, or dispersing agents.  The following applications are referred to:--(1) manufacture of drilling oils comprising salts of the sulphonic acids, lubricating oil, and a weakly alkaline substance such as di- or tri-sodium phosphate; (2) use of the sulphonic acids as emulsifying agents for bituminous substances; (3) use of the salts of the acids (which may be formed in situ) as emulsifying agents for solvents such as benzene, chlorobenzenes, carbon tetrachloride and trichlorethylene; emulsions containing about 80 per cent of benzene are stated to be obtainable; the emulsions may be thickened by addition of soap, and scouring agents such as magnesium carbonate may also be added; (4) use of the acids or their salts in preparing aqueous paraffin emulsions useful for impregnating purposes or in the manufacture of matches; (5) manufacture of vermin-destroying emulsions by adding poisonous substances such as p-dichlorobenzene, chlorophenols or suitable plant extracts to aqueous emulsions of solvents, e.g. an emulsion of trichlorethylene, benzene and petroleum, prepared with the aid of the salts of the acids; emulsions applicable by spraying may be produced; (6) use of the acids or their salts as dispersing agents in the manufacture of distempers and oil paints; for example, a foundation mixture may be produced by adding turpentine to a mixture of lamp black with benzene and the sodium salts of the acids. Reference is made to the use of the ammonium, alkali, alkaline earth, or heavy metal salts of the acids, copper, mercury, and silver salts being specified.  Specifications 148,579, 300,264, 319,623, [all in Class 2 (iii)], and 400,009 are referred to.ALSO:Sulphonic acids or salts thereof recovered from acid tar, of the kind obtained in refining mineral or tar oils with oleum, are used in the manufacture of vermin-destroying emulsions by adding poisonous substances such as p-dichlorobenzene, chlorophenols or suitable plant extracts to aqueous emulsions of solvents, e.g. an emulsion of trichlorethylene, benzene and petroleum, prepared with the aid of the salts of the acids; emulsions applicable by spraying may be produced.  Reference is made to the use of the ammonium, alkali, alkaline earth, and heavy metal salts of the acids, copper, silver and mercury salts being specified. Specifications 148,579, 300,264, 319,623, [all in Class 2 (iii)], and 400,009, [Group XII], are referred to.