Patent GB-765855-A (GB)
Title: Synchronizing system
IPC: H04N9/455
Filed: 1953-12-21
Abstract: 765,855. Automatic synchronizing systems. HAZELTINE CORPORATION. Dec. 21, 1953 [Dec. 31, 1952], No. 35443/53. Class 38 (4). In a synchronizing system for an oscillator having an automatic phase control (A.P.C.) circuit a separate auxiliary detecting system coupled to the A.P.C. circuit and insensitive to noise acts to increase the pull-in frequency range of the A.P.C. system, and decrease the pull-in time required, whenever the oscillator is out of frequency synchronism by a predetermined amount. In Fig. 1 a line-frequency generator 34 of a television receiver applies sinewave or sawtooth waves to a phase discriminator 33 having an input of line synchronizing pulses from a sync. separator 19, and the D.C. component representing phase deviation integrated over a smoothing circuit 41, 42 is applied to a reactance tube circuit 44 stabilizing phase synchronism of the generator. In addition, line-frequency blanking pulses from the line output amplifier 21 and synchronizing pulses from the video amplifier 15 are applied to the anode and control grid respectively of a normally blocked coincidence valve 50 so that departure from synchronism produces a decrease in anode current and hence rise in voltage at the output 66 of the anode load resistor, which voltage is applied to render conductive a normally blocked (when in synchronism) valve 68 and energize in its anode circuit a relay 71 to open-circuit a capacitor 43 of smaller value than a larger capacitor 46, both in series shunting the input to the reactance valve 44. The result is then that the retroactive control circuit is more responsive to frequency deviation and acts as an A.F.C. system until the pull-in range is again entered whereupon the capacitor 43 is again short-circuited and the circuit operates to maintain phase synchronism. The valve 50 also operates an A.G.C. circuit having a diode 63, as described in Specification 709,038, [Group XL (c)]. The system of Fig. 1 increases the frequency pull-in range at the expense of increasing the noise pass-band and instability of the system in respect of noise. To avoid this, in the colour television receiving system of Fig. 3, the colour reference phase oscillator 92 is synchronized relative to a reference burst of subcarrier frequency from a gated amplifier 85 by a phase detector 95b whose inputs are in phase quadrature normally and whose filtered D.C. output voltage is applied from a potentiometer 98 to a reactance valve 90 connected through a capacitor 103 to the frequency determining circuit of the oscillator so that automatic phase control (A.P.C.) is obtained. In addition, inputs are applied from the gated amplifier 85 and colour oscillator 92 in phase to a phase detector 95a whose beats are passed through a band-pass filter 96a and 90 degree phase shift network to one control grid of a valve 81 and bears from the detector 95b are passed through a band-pass filter 96b to another grid of the valve 81, so that both inputs to the valve 81 are in phase or anti-phase depending on the sense of the frequency deviation. The filters 96b, 96a of passband, e.g. 100-7500 c/s., pass frequencies no higher than one half line frequency and have low-frequency cut-offs at or near the upper limit of the noise pass-band of the system. Thus for frequency deviations beyond a certain limit a proportionate A.F.C. control voltage is derived from the output of the valve 81, smoothed by the network 87-89 and applied to the reactance valve 90 to extend the pull-in range of the system so that control is effective outside the range of control of the A.P.C. system (phase detector 95b and reactance valve 90). In a modification (Fig. 5, not shown) the output of the integrating network 87-89 is applied in parallel to two valve circuits also connected in cascade so that whenever the output (positive or negative in accordance with the frequency deviation) exceeds a certain value a cathode follower circuit is rendered conductive and an R-C differentiating network in its cathode circuit triggers a bi-stable valve circuit to change over a two-pole double-throw switch and place the charged capacitor 99 of the A.F.C. circuit in the A.P.C. circuit to effect rapid synchronism and the A.P.C. circuit capacitor at the same time being inserted in the A.F.C. circuit. The frequency of the oscillator is thus corrected immediately by an amount proportional to the charge on the A.F.C. circuit capacitor and equal to the frequency error. A shunt capacitor at the input to the cathode follower introduces a short delay in the actuation and restoration of the switch to its normal position. The application of the positive or negative charge at the output of the network 87-89 to the reactance valve permits rapid restoration of automatic phase control. In a final modification the synchronous detectors deriving the colour difference signals for application to the cathode ray tube are employed as the phase detectors 95a, 95b of Fig. 3 and gated amplifiers rendered conductive only during the sub-carrier colour reference burst precede the band-pass networks 96a, 96b their output being then detected as before to alter the characteristic of the reactance valve circuit when the pull-in range of frequency is exceeded. Specification 765,856, [Group XL (c)], also is referred to.