baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1412870-A (GB)
Title: Process and device for use in photoelasticity
IPC: G01B11/16
Filed: 1973-03-21
Abstract: 1412870 Photo-elasticity CENTRE TECHNIQUE DES INDUSTRIES MECANIQUES 21 March 1973 [27 March 1972 24 May 1972] 13521/73 Heading G2J A method of visualizing maximum shear lines as isostatics by observation of isoclinic lines produced by double refractions in a photo-elastic material under polarized light comprises (1) producing moirÚ images between the isoclinic lines and a grid having a set of lines oriented parallel to the plane of polarization of the polarized light or at 45 degrees to the plane, (2) forming an optical image of either of the grid or the material in the plane of the other and (3) super-imposing together successive moirÚ images produced with different successive orientations of the plane of polarization with respect to the material. In one form of polariscope for carrying out the method, light from lamp 4, Fig.1, illuminates the grid 10 and is polarized at 6 before illuminating a film 3 of photo-elastic varnish on a reflective layer 2 applied to the structure 1 under observation. The reflected light falls on a photographic plate 5 after passing through a crossed analyzer 7. The grid 10 is orientated so that its lines are either parallel or at 45 degrees to the planes of polarization of the polarizer 6 and the analyzer 7 which, with the grid 10, may be rotated together around the optical axis to obtain a succession of different moirÚ fringe patterns. When these are combined on the plate 5, two groups of orthogonal curves appear which correspond to either the maximum shear lines or the isostatic lines, depending on the orientation of the grid. In a modification, Fig. 1a (not shown), the structure is transparent and is viewed by transmission and in another, Fig.2 (not shown), a plane mirror between the lamp 4 and the polarizer 6 renders the apparatus more compact. In another embodiment, Fig.6, a transparent photo-elastic model 24 is arranged between a polarizer 21 and an analyzer 22 and is illuminated by a lamp 23. The image of the model is formed in the plane of a translucent screen 26 against which is placed the grid 27 which may be a single grid of orthogonal parallel lines or may be formed by the moirÚ fringe pattern of two such grids superimposed at a slight relative angular displacement. The analyzer 22 screen 26 and grid 27 may be rotated together with the polarizer 21 by means of a synchronizer 29. The succession of images on screen 26 may be recorded one by one by a camera or lamp 23 may be a stroboscope having a frequency of e.g. 16,400 and the polarizer/ analyzer/grid assembly is rotated continuously at such a speed (e.g. 410 r.p.m.) that different successive images are produced on the screen which persist on the observer's retina so that he sees directly the isostatic or maximum shear lines. This method may also be used for opaque structures. In a modification, the screen is stroboscopically illuminated and not the structure 24.
Patent GB-384553-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to pistons for internal combustion engines of the diesel
IPC: F02F3/28
Filed: 1931-10-19
Abstract: 384,553. Oil engines. FRANKS, E. A., 5, Caegwyn Road, Whitchurch, Glamorgan, and FRANKS MOTORS, Ltd., 9, Western Mail Chambers, Cardiff. Oct. 19, 1931, No. 13622/32. Divided application. [Class 7 (iii).] A piston 6, for use in an internal-combustion engine, having formed therein a chamber 36 which constitutes a mixing and burning chamber for injected combustible mixture, accommodates a block 36<1> of refractory material for forming a hot spot.
Patent GB-452327-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to wash tubs and the like
IPC: D06F1/00
Filed: 1935-05-09
Abstract: 452,327. Wash-tubs. BUTTERFIELD, Ltd., W. P., and WOOD, F., Otley Road, Baildon, near Shipley, Yorkshire. May 9, 1935, No. 13648. [Class 138 (ii)] An internally arranged antisplash device for a wash-tub comprises a depression A either formed in a rim R or in the wall of the tub itself. In either form the depression is situated some distance below the top of the tub and the top may be provided with a rim R<1> for facilitating handling of the tub, and such rim may be flattened.
Patent GB-436468-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to method and apparatus for the blasting and breaking down of material such as coal
IPC: F42B3/06
Filed: 1934-05-05
Abstract: 436,468. Blasting with compressed gas. SAFETY MINING CO., 307, North Michigan Avenue, Chicago, U.S.A. May 5, 1934, Nos. 13675 and 13676. Convention dates, May 27, 1933 and June 17, 1933. [Class 9 (i)] Coal or the like 2, Fig. 1, is blasted or broken down by means of a container 1 inserted into a bore-hole and supplied with a charge of compressed gas from a remote source 4, after which the supply is discontinued and the gas is released under remote control. The release may be effected in a succession of distinct discharges. The source 4 may be a compressor and may be connected to the container 1 by a pipe 3 provided with a valve 5 and a pressure gauge 6. One form of container, Fig. 3, comprises a body 7 containing a piston 16 acting as a valve for an outlet nozzle 15 and itself containing a spring loaded valve 17 normally shutting off a byepass 22. When compressed gas is admitted by pipe 3, the piston closes the nozzle 15, then valve 17 opens and the gas passes through the byepass 22 so that the container is filled on both sides of the piston and the valve 17 again closes. The release is brought about by venting the pipe 3 to the atmosphere. The drop in pressure on the rightside of the piston causes it to move and open the nozzle 15. In a modification, the inner valve 17 is dispensed with, and the piston is given a loose fit so that the compressed gas can leak past it to fill the whole container. In another modification, Fig. 4, compressed gas from a source 29 is admitted by a valve 40, pipe 38 and narrow port 36 to a small chamber 31 in the container 7 where it closes a discharge valve 29 and then leaks into the main chamber 41 through ports 32, and check valve 33. The release is performed by turning the valve 40 to vent the pipe 38 to the atmosphere. The drop in pressure in the chamber 31 causes the opening of the valve 29; but in this case, because of the narrowness of the port 36, the pressure in the chamber 31 is still strong enough to cause the valve 29 to shut again after a partial discharge, and when the pressure in the chamber 31 has fallen still more, another partial discharge occurs. In this way four or five distinct discharges diminishing in force and volume may be obtained.
Patent GB-960504-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to water extractors
Inventor: FROST RAYMOND GODFREY HAMPSON
IPC: B01D45/06
Filed: 1962-04-10
Abstract: 960,504. Centrifugal separators. NORMALAIR Ltd. April 8, 1963 [April 10, 1962], No. 13695/62. Heading B2P. A separator for removing liquid from a moisture-laden gas and having no moving parts comprises a duct 8 provided with swirl-imparting vanes and with at least one channel 16 having one or more openings 17 for discharging the separated liquid into a collector chamber 7 in which the pressure is less than that within the duct in the region of the channel 16. The swirl-imparting vanes are mounted in openings 10 in the cylindrical wall of the duct and may also be provided in its base 9. The moist air is introduced through an inlet 1 into a casing 2 and passes through a conical condenser made of perforated sheet metal or gauze 5 surrounded by porous cloth 6. During passage through the condenser wall the moisture in the gas coalesces into droplets which are entrained in the gas stream through the duct. Water separated out on the walls of the casing is drained into the chamber 7 through an orifice 4A which may be fitted with a cap 4B. The water from the chamber 7 is removed through a drain 14 which may be connected to a Venturi or a suction pump which maintains low pressure in the chamber. The walls of the duct and of the dry gas outlet duct portion 11 are preferably lagged. The separator may be used in connection with air conditioning or supplying upturns, particularly on pressurized aircraft in which case the drain 14 is connected to a suitable point of low pressure outside the aircraft. In modifications, referred to in the Provisional Specification, (a) the channel 16 is replaced by a continuous narrow gap in the duct 8 ; (b) the gap is made wider and the ends of the two portions of the duct are interconnected by a gauze in tubular form. Specification 789,275 is referred to.
Patent GB-723419-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to gas turbine plant providing a continuous supply of hot compressed air
Inventor: GREY JOHN CONSTANTINE
IPC: F02C6/06
Filed: 1951-06-08
Abstract: 723,419. Gas-turbine plant. POWER JETS (RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT), Ltd. May 21, 1952 [June 8, 1951; June 28, 1951; Sept. 13, 1951], Nos. 13703/51, 15362/51 and 21555/51. Class 110 (3). A gas-turbine plant providing a continuous supply of hot compressed air comprises a rotary air compressor the discharge of which is divided into separate streams, one stream of which is passed directly through a turbine and then through an indirect air heater to provide the hot-air supply, a heat source for the air heater and a combustion chamber, supplied with a second stream of air from the compressor, feeding a turbine which drives the compressor. In the arrangement shown, Fig. 1, the air compressed by the compressor 1 and heated in a heatexchanger 2 after which it is divided and part is heated in a heater 7 and then expanded in a turbine 4. The exhaust of the turbine 4 is reheated in the heater 7 and then led to the point of use through the duct 8. The second stream is led to a combustion chamber 6 and burnt with combustion gas supplied by a compressor 9, the combustion gases being led to a gas turbine 11 driving the compressor 4, 9. The exhaust of the turbine 11 is passed to the heater 7 in which combustible gas and air supplied by the conduits 19, 20 is burnt. The exhaust gases from the heater are utilized in the heat exchanger 2. In a modification, the size of the heater 7 is reduced by omitting the heating of the air before it enters the turbine 4. In another modification, Fig. 3, the size of the heater 7 is further reduced by putting it under pressure. In this the combustion chamber 6 is so arranged so that the gases leaving it pass through the heater 7 before entering the turbine 11. A further combustion chamber 10 is provided to reheat the gases. To improve the part-load performance air may be passed through a connection 12 controlled by a valve 13. In a modification the combustion chamber 10 has its own combustible gas and air supply and the combustion gases are mixed with the combustion gases leaving the heater 7. In the second Provisional Specification there is described an arrangement the same as that described with reference to Fig. 3 but with the air turbine 4 omitted.
Patent GB-661806-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the production of dichlorobutenes
IPC: C07C17/02
Filed: 1949-05-23
Abstract: Dichlorobutenes are made by the vapour phase reaction between preheated butadiene and preheated chlorine, the chlorine and at least one mol. of butadiene per mol. of chlorine are introduced into an unpacked initial reaction zone wherein the reactants are thoroughly and rapidly mixed during a relatively short contact time, the temperature in said zone being controlled at a level somewhat above that required to insure a completely vaporous reaction system and the resultant gaseous mixture is subjected in a final reaction zone and during a relatively longer contact time, to a temperature appreciably higher than that of the initial reaction zone but below that at which substantial substitution chlorination of the butadiene takes place. The latter temperature is defined as that temperature at which more than about 5 per cent of the reaction takes place via substitution. 1,4-Dichlorobutene-2 and 3,4-dichlorobutene-1 are the primary products. At pressures of 0.5-2.0 atmos. the mol. ratio of butadiene to chlorine may be 1 : 1 to 16 : 1, temperatures 140-220 DEG  C. in the initial and 200-450 DEG  C. in the final zones, space velocities of 1500-100,000 and 30-300 vols. of gas at N.T.P. per vol. of initial and final reaction zones per hour respectively and a volume ratio of initial to final reactor of 1 : 10 to 1 : 1000. Preferably the mol. ratio of butadiene to chlorine is 3 : 1 to 6 : 1, initial and final temperature ranges of 160-190 DEG  C. and 250-350 DEG  C. respectively, and of initial to final reactor volume of 1 : 50 to 1 : 300. The mixing of the preheated reactants must not result in a temperature higher than that to be used in the initial zone. Inert diluents may be used to absorb heat. Products may be isolated by fractional distillation, approximately equal amounts of the two specified compounds being obtained. Unreacted butadiene may be recycled after removal of hydrochloric acid. Elongated or tubular reactors are preferred and the connections between vessels should be conical or graduated to avoid dead spaces. Water should be absent. Chlorination catalysts and packing or contact materials may be used in the final zone. Downflow operation is preferred. Chlorine may be injected at several points in the system including the final reactor. In examples: (1) butadiene at 140 DEG  C. and chlorine at 124 DEG  C. are thoroughly mixed by means of a tee mixer and reacted at 175 DEG C. in the initial and 250 DEG  C. in the final zones to yield dichlorobutadienes, and examples (2)-(8) illustrate the effect of varying the temperatures and space velocities in the reaction of (1).
Patent GB-1118824-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to cladding systems
Inventor: PARRY-HUSBANDS WILLIAM MORGAN
IPC: E04F13/12
Filed: 1965-03-31
Abstract: 1,118,824. Wall, ceiling and tunnel linings. MARSLAND & CO. Ltd. 29 March, 1966 [31 March, 1965], No. 13746/65. Headings E1B, E1F and E1W. A lining for walls, ceilings and tunnels comprises plates 11 having sockets 17 at or adjacent one edge 19 and a nose 23 at the other edge adapted to engage the socket of an adjacent similar plate, and gaskets 12. The plates each comprise an aluminium sheet having sides covered by foils of polyvinylchloride, and the gaskets are of neoplene or polyvinylchloride.
Patent GB-727946-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to hand tools
IPC: B67B7/44
Filed: 1953-05-16
Abstract: 727,946. Opening and closuring bottles. ALEXANDER STAIR CLIPS, Ltd., and MIERS, F. W. Sept. 22, 1953 [May 16, 1953 ; July 21, 1953 ; July 31, 1953 ; Aug. 21, 1953], Nos. 13765/53, 20153/53, 21230/53 and 23061/53. Class 125 (2). [Also in Groups XIV, XXIII and XXV] A combination hand-tool for cutting wire, flower stalks &c. removing crown corks and vacuum closures, re-corking bottles by recrimping the skirts of crown corks, tightening and removing nuts and screws and stripping insulation from cables, comprises a pair of recessed pincer arms 1 extended beyond the pivot 2 to form cutters 3, recesses 11 being provided for re-crimping crown corks, each recess having on one side a prizing lug 12 and opposed inwardly directed flange 13 adapted, in conjunction, for removing crown corks. The meeting edges of the flanges 13 are each provided with a recess 14 for gripping and stripping insulation from cables. Recesses 15, 16 near the pivot are adapted for tightening and loosening nuts and screws. Inwardly directed tongues 17 at the ends of the arms may be engaged under the skirt of a vacuum seal cap to remove it by a levering action.
Patent GB-600481-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to subgrading machines
IPC: E02F3/76
Filed: 1945-06-01
Abstract: 600,481. Earth excavators. STEVENS, A. H. (Blaw-Knox Co.). June 1, 1945, No. 13789. [Class '68 (i)] [Also in Group X] A machine for levelling the sub-grade of a road surface comprises a wheeled carriage 1 from which is suspended a plurality of subframes 49, which support a number of cutting blades 57 or a single flexible blade. The blade or blades oscillate in a horizontal plane about a mean position under the action of rotating eccentrically mounted masses housed in casings 64. The width of the frame 1 is varied by building it in three sections, the two outer sections telescoping within the centre section, whilst the blade can be raised or lowered by adjusting jacks 29 so causing the frame to pivot about the rear axle 19. The earth loosened by the blade is piled in front and above the blade by a pusher board 108 and is discharged from a shoot at one side by a transversely operating drag scraper type conveyer 90. The cutting blades can be adjusted to any desired contour with respect to the main frame by adjusting bolts 52, 53 supporting the sub-frames, the conveyer which is also supported from the sub-frames taking up the same contour. The blade can oscillate either in a direction parallel to or transverse of the motion of the vehicle depending how the eccentric masses are arranged, whilst the earth is prevented from passing beneath the pusher board by a wiper strip 109. The drive for the conveyer, the eccentric masses and winches 40 which haul the frame forward, is taken from an engine on the main frame.
Patent GB-982491-A (GB)
Title: Excavator dipper doors
IPC: E02F3/40
Filed: 1963-04-08
Abstract: 982,491. Shovel excavators. RUSTONBUCYRUS Ltd. April 8, 1963 [May 2, 1962], No. 13824/63. Heading E1F. The door 21, 26 of a dipper bucket of a shovel excavator is secured to a or to each hinge bar 22 pivotally mounted on the bucket by a threaded pin 29 associated with a resilient pad 41 that is enclosed on both axial and transverse sides so that it is compressed as a nut 37 or nuts are threaded on to the pin 29 to resiliently thrust the pin to bind against the aligned apertures in the door and hinge bar through which the pin passes. In addition to the pin and block means shown three other arrangements of pin and block are described.
Patent GB-138267-A (GB)
Abstract: 138,267. Soc. A. Camion et Cie. March 5, 1919, [Convention date]. Moulding-machines in which the pattern to be drawn is raised by rams or lifting devices attached to table D mounted on rods a guided vertically, and lifted by cranked rods E and cranks H, have an abutment H<1> formed by a recess in the crank-shaft, and an abutment H<3> on the frame, to hold the parts in the extreme positions. The raising of the table may be assisted part of the way by springs e in adjustably mounted tubes' C, bearing on the lower ends of the rods.
Patent GB-1410354-A (GB)
Title: Text processing system
IPC: G06F17/24
Filed: 1972-09-25
Abstract: 1410354 Text processing ING C OLIVETTI & C SpA 25 Sept 1972 [29 Sept 1971] 13878/75 Divided out of 1410353 Heading G4H In a text processing system, text information from manual input means can be stored on a record medium and read out to a second store in which it can be justified prior to printing, justification being by adding width elements to space signals in the second store with incrementing of a count of width elements in the line until an entered line length is reached. The disclosure is as in the parent Specification
Patent GB-1410357-A (GB)
Title: System for automatically recording and searching information
IPC: G06F17/24
Filed: 1972-09-25
Abstract: 1410357 Text processing ING C OLIVETTI & CO SpA 25 Sept 1972 [19 April 1972] 13881/75 Divided out of 1410353 Headings G4H and G4C A system for recording a file of information and for searching the information in the file, comprises input means for entering the information, record processing means for storing and reading information on a record medium, printing means controlled by the input means for printing the entered information, first means for indicating a file heading recording mode of the system, means enabled by the first indicating means and by the input means for controlling the record processing means to record in a predetermined location of the record medium a plurality of entered heading words for the file under which the file information will be subsequently entered and the printing means to print the heading words. The system of the parent Specification is described with particular reference to its use for information retrieval. The format of a file can be recorded on the record medium (tape), consisting of key words, e.g. document number, date, firm etc., with tab stops, then the documents of the file can be recorded. A series of blocks is used, with each block containing the address of the next, the addresses of the first and last blocks of the series being stored in a predetermined location on the tape. Documents can be subsequently retrieved and printed out on the typewriter (used as input means and printing means) by the operator causing the system to print out the format, then himself entering the sets of keywords to be looked for (with gaps and alternatives if necessary), the system then comparing them with keywords from the tape, printing out the documents having matching keywords. Programmes to control the system can come from the tape or from a read-only memory.
Patent GB-880123-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to gas cleaning apparatus
IPC: B01D47/06
Filed: 1959-04-23
Abstract: 880,123. Purifying gases. KOPPERS CO. Inc. April 23, 1959 [Oct. 8, 1958], No. 13954/59. Class 55 (2). A gas-washing apparatus comprises a conduit with a constricted orifice therein, a source of cleaning liquid arranged to supply liquid to the conduit for flow with the gas through the orifice and means for automatically adjusting the size of the orifice in accordance with changes in the flow of gas to the orifice. The size of the orifice may be adjusted to maintain a predetermined back pressure in the conduit or to maintain a predetermined constant pressure drop across the orifice. The apparatus may be used to wash dust-laden blast furnace gases with water. The conduit may have a plurality of automatically adjustable constricted orifices arranged in series therein, used cleaning liquid from the first orifice being reused in the latter orifices. In Fig. 1, gases from blast furnace 1 pass through conduit 2 to dust catcher 4, and then through conduit 6, past rectangular orifice 13, to outlet 8. Washing water is introduced into the gases through pipes 17 and passes to the water separator 7. The crosssectional area of orifice 13 is adjustable by means of hydraulically-operated sliding panels 19 which can move towards or away from each other. The system whereby panels 19 move automatically is described.
Patent GB-675546-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to esters of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid
Inventor: BRITTON EDGAR CLAY
IPC: C07C69/712
Filed: 1950-06-05
Abstract: The invention comprises esters of 2 : 4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid of the general formula <FORM:0675546/IV (b)/1> where n is 1 or 2 and R is hydrogen or a lower alkyl radical containing from 1-4 carbon atoms.  The esters are made by reacting a molecular proportion of 2 : 4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid and at least a molecular proportion of an aryl mono-ether of mono-, or di-propylene glycol of the formula <FORM:0675546/IV (b)/2> in the presence of a dehydration catalyst such as sulphuric acid. The reaction may be carried out in the presence of a water immiscible solvent such as ethylene dichloride or the reactants may be heated together and a water immiscible solvent added and the water immiscible solvent added later.  In each case the solvent and water are distilled off.  In examples the preparation of the following esters are described: (1) the 1-phenoxy-2-propyl ester; (2) the 1-(2-methyl-phenoxy) ester; (3) the 1-(1-phenoxyisopropoxy)-2-propyl ester; (4) the 1-(4-tertiary-butylphenoxy)-2-propyl ester; (5) the 1 - [1 - (4 - secondary butyl phenoxy)-isopropoxy] - 2 - propyl ester; (6) the 1 - (2-secondary butyl phenoxy)-2-propyl ester.  The mono-, and di-propylene glycol aryl ethers employed in the esterification may be obtained by the reaction of propylene oxide with phenol or an alkyl phenol in the presence of sodium hydroxide as a catalyst.