baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-777761-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the production of phthalic, isophthalic, and terephthalic acids
IPC: C07C51/265
Filed: 1955-03-07
Abstract: Phthalic, isophthalic or terephthalic acid is prepared by reacting o-, m- or p-diethyl-benzene respectively with molecular oxygen in the presence of a catalytic amount of a heavy metal compound and an aliphatic mono-carboxylic acid of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, at a temperature in the range of 150-175 DEG  C., and at a pressure of at least 300 p.s.i.g., such that a liquid phase of the monocarboxylic acid is maintained.  Heavy metal compounds mentioned are those of manganese, cobalt, nickel and copper and mixtures thereof.  Metal carboxylates such as manganese cumate or cobalt cumate are preferred. Aliphatic acids specified are acetic and caproic acids.  The diethylbenzene used may contain some isomeric diethylbenzenes, some higher or lower alkylated benzenes and some saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons.  As well as molecular oxygen, mixtures of gases containing molecular oxygen such as air may be used.  During the oxidation, acid vapour may be released from the pressure system, condensed and directly returned, or a portion of the condensate may be freed from water by distillation before return to the system. Crude terephthalic acid obtained from the reaction mixture by filtration may be freed from isophthalic acid by washing with acetic acid, and converted to the dimethyl ester by reaction with methanol and an acid catalyst or by conversion to the acid chloride and reaction with methanol.  The dimethyl terephthalate may be purified by fractional distillation, crystallization or steam distillation. The metal carboxylate catalysts may be prepared by reaction between the appropriate metal oxide and carboxylic acid, or dissolving the acid in caustic alkali, adding the metal acetate and filtering the precipitated metal salt.  The preparation of manganese cumate is described.  In examples: (1) p-diethylbenzene (containing some m-isomer) is oxidized with oxygen in the presence of manganese cumate and acetic acid, the crude terephthalic acid being filtered and washed with acetic acid and with water; other examples illustrate (2) the use of caproic acid and cobalt cumate, and the preparation of (3) isophthalic and (4) phthalic acids.
Patent GB-684091-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the manufacture of synthetic resins
Inventor: BROOKES ALFRED
IPC: C08G12/04
Filed: 1949-03-10
Abstract: Water-soluble cationic condensation products are made by condensing, by boiling at a pH value of 3.5-6, formaldehyde and urea in the ratio of 1.5 to 3 mols. formaldehyde per mol. of urea, or a partial condensate therefrom, in aqueous solution in the presence of a dicyandiamide-formaldehyde-acid condensation product, the amount of the latter being such that 3-100 mols. dicyandiamide are used per 100 mols. urea, and the boiling being continued until a water-miscible colloidal resin solution is obtained, and thereafter neutralizing the acidity of the resin solution.  Formaldehyde polymers may be used, but commercial formalin containing methyl alcohol is preferred. Methanol or other water soluble alcohol may be added during any stage of the process, if desired.  The dicyandiamide-formaldehyde-acid resin may be made from 1-4 mols. of formalin per mol. of dicyandiamide and acids which do not extensively react with urea, dicyandiamide or formalin in aqueous solution so as to form insoluble derivatives, e.g. formic and hydrochloric acids, which may be used in the form of their anhydrides or ammonium salts.  The dicyandiamide-formaldehyde-acid-resin solution may be neutralized and supplementary acid supplied during its reaction with urea and formaldehyde.  The urea and formaldehyde may be added as mixtures (solid or in solution) or as monomeric compounds (methylolureas). Preferably, the dicyandiamide resin is added to a neutral solution of urea in formalin during boiling of the solution; alternatively, solutions of urea and formalin may be added separately, simultaneously or the formalin previously or more rapidly than the urea, to the aqueous dicyandiamide resin solution, and maintaining the reaction mixture at boiling point.  After the desired degree of condensation has been effected and the solution has been made neutral, the resin solution may be diluted with water or other solvents or be concentrated, e.g. by vacuum evaporation or spray drying.  Examples are given.  The resins may be used for the production of wet-strength paper, for impregnation, coating or printing of textiles, fabrics and paper, for treatment of fibres or aqueous dispersions thereof for the production of shaped articles; as adhesives or bonding agents and catalysts to promote hot or cold setting may be used therewith.  If desired, pigments, dyes, plasticizers, fillers, hardeners, lubricants, water-proofing agents, &c. may be added.  The products may also be used as modifying agents for other resins, natural and synthetic. Specifications 314,358, [Class 2 (iii)], 593,111, [Group VIII], and 663,736 are referred to. Specification 605,417 also is referred to.
Patent GB-912183-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to ultrasonic viewing devices
IPC: H01J31/495
Filed: 1960-02-25
Abstract: 912,183. Ultrasonic viewing devices. SMYTH, C. N. Feb. 24, 1961 [Feb. 25, 1960], No. 6706/60. Class 40 (7). [Also in Groups XXXIX and XL (a)] In an ultrasonic image pick-up tube such as described in Specifications 801,294 and 841,025, the piezo-electric plate 3 is protected from atmospheric pressure by means of a block of solid material or, as shown, a body of liquid 2. The free end of the liquid vessel 1, or of a solid block of material, may be shaped to form a sound focusing lens surface or may consist of a glass lens. Suitable liquid material is oil, glycerine or mercury. Suitable solid material is crystalline quartz or barium titanate ferro-electric material. The free end of the vessel 1 is covered with a non-sound-reflecting layer 10 of an epoxy resin, an epoxy resin loaded with metal powder or of thin sheets of metal alternating with layers of resin. The piezo-electric plate may be scanned by an electron or light beam or by a mixed beam of electrons and ions.
Patent GB-495282-A (GB)
Title: A process of producing a guard plate for a shaving machine
IPC: B26B19/12
Filed: 1937-05-11
Abstract: 495,282. Grinding. BRUECKER, J. May 11, 1937, No. 6727/38. Divided out of 485,335. [Class 60] [Also in Group XIV] The thin spring steel guard plate of a poweroperated shaver which may be of the kind described in Specification 485,335 is perforated as at 16, 52, 25 while the strip is flat, and a smooth inner surface is then formed by holding the strip in its normal flexed form by means of a spacer 55 and using a cylindrical lapping tool 54 of the same curvature. The weight of the spacer 55 holds the plate against the tool with the same pressure as the plate exerts against the semicircular shoulders 21 of the housing 2 when anchored by spring 11. The oscillating blade 5 co-operates with the cutting edges of the staggered rows of hair-receiving perforations 16, which may have bevelled outside edges. They may alternatively be formed by indenting the strip as at 56, Fig. 5, while flat, and grinding-off, while flexed, to leave narrow slots 58, Fig. 6.
Patent GB-288017-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to ash bins or the like
IPC: F24B15/00
Filed: 1927-03-11
Abstract: 288,017. Butterfield, Ltd., W. P., and Wood, F. March 11, 1927. Reciprocating sieves.-Refuse-bins are provided with a sifter A, Figs. 1. and 3, having one straight side A<1>, supported from the edge of the bin by hooks A<6> or a flange, and provided with an operating handle A<4> adapted to project below the rim of the lid L, which may have a bayonetjoint fastening.
Patent GB-197778-A (GB)
Title: Instructional dummy practice keyboard apparatus
IPC: G09B13/02
Filed: 1922-03-08
Abstract: 197,778. Yelf, H. H. March 8, 1922. Copy-holders.-The lid n of a box b containing a dummy typewriter or like keyboard a, is provided with clips r for securing copy or instruction cards, and is supported by a strut p.
Patent GB-1132982-A (GB)
Title: Coupling device for powered vehicle and trailer
Inventor: GILLERON ANDRE ALBERT
IPC: A63H17/26
Filed: 1965-02-17
Abstract: 1,132,982. Coupling device. MECCANO Ltd. 24 March, 1966 [17 Feb., 1965], No. 6811/65. Heading A6S. A coupling arrangement for coupling two model vehicles consists of a manually operable, spring-biased latch member on one vehicle adapted to latch onto a stud on the second vehicle. The release member for disengaging the latch member from the stud has an operating portion shaped to represent equipment external to the body casting (e.g. an air brake reservoir on a lorry). Figure 1 shows an underside view of the body casting of a model vehicle. The latch member 10 consists of an arm 11 pivotted at pin 12. The arm 11 is provided with a hooked end 14 having a shaped nose 15 and is biased to the latching position by the flat hairspring 16 mounted on pin 17. A release member 19 consists of a stem 20 having an operating head 21 which is located outside the body casting. The body casting is provided with in inwardly directed triangular depression, the apex of which is cut away and the hooked end 14 of the arm 11 projects through the cut-out. A projecting portion is formed at one end of the other vehicle and is provided with a stud.
Patent GB-139320-A (GB)
Title: The transmission of sound through head and throat
IPC: G09B23/32
Filed: 1919-03-19
Abstract: 139,320. Drew, V. March 19, 1919. Addition to 109,708. Transmitters and receivers; sets.-Apparatus for assisting hearing comprises a sound-receiver, Fig. 1, connected to a battery and fitted with an ear piece, and a " sound terminal, " Fig. 2, worn behind the other ear and fitted with a return wire to the battery, the circuit being completed through the head of the wearer. The sound-receiver comprises a box O with ear piece P and perforated base O<1> and fitted internally with a screw B, an insulated metal tube L containing iron rods K, an annular bobbin C, a disk D with serrated edge, a soft iron coil V, metal disks E, H, I, J<1>, and Z, springs R, S. T, a, U, hollow carbon blocks F, J containing carbon granules G, metal disks M supporting carbon rods Q forming a cage, metal domes X, Y connected by springs to the inside of the box O, and wires N connecting the disk J' to the ear-piece. The sound terminal comprises a box g perforated at top and bottom and fitted with a screw j carrying a metal disk b, spring d, drum f containing carbon granules c and a spring e. The terminal is connected by a wire i to a head band not forming part of the circuit.
Patent GB-414162-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electrically operated wind screen wipers
IPC: H02K33/14
Filed: 1933-03-07
Abstract: 414,162. Reciprocating machines. JABLONSKY, B., 19, Belsize Crescent, Hampstead, London. March 7, 1933, No. 6896. [Class 35.] An electrically-driven wind-screen wiper is characterized in that the drive comprises a solenoid, Fig. 5, divided into sections, groups of these being energized alternately to reciprocate a core E, one end of which is connected to a wiper arm H. The sections may also be arranged in a circle as in Figs. 6, 7. In Fig. 5, three sections are shown, I, II, III, the middle one being connected with the first or third by an automatic switch. In this way the core E is reciprocated and transmits its movement to the lever H pivoted at I and carrying a wiper arm K. In Fig. 6, circular solenoids C, D are employed and a core E is attached to a lever arm H pivoted at U. In Fig. 7, three solenoids I, K, L are used. The Provisional Specification describes also coils C, D, Fig. 1, or sets of coils arranged on opposite sides of a core which is centrally connected to a wiper arm H.
Patent GB-609096-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in roofs for garages, sheds and the like buildings
IPC: E04B1/20
Filed: 1946-03-06
Abstract: 609,096. Roofs. BATLEY, E. March 6, 1946, No. 6905. [Classes 20(iv) and 87(i)] A roof for a garage, shed, &c., is formed of precast concrete slabs having grooves 3 at their ends as shown in Fig. 2, so that they interlock to form a continuous surface substantially in one plane, and lateral ridges 6, Fig. 3, which engage longitudinal grooves 7 in roof beams 2. Any moisture collecting in the grooves 3 is thus drained away along the beams 2 which may be as described in Specification 609,095. The ridges 6 may be formed by means of lateral grooves near the sides of the slabs, and the slabs may be connected at the ridge of the roof by an inverted concrete channel member. Specification 609,097 is referred to.
Patent GB-720203-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in twist barrier for double twist spindles
Inventor: BLEY RUDOLPH SCHILTECK
IPC: D01H13/10
Filed: 1952-03-18
Abstract: 720,203. Double twist spindle. NORTH AMERICAN RAYON CORPORATION. March 18, 1952, No. 6980/52. Class 120 (2). A double twist spindle in which yarn cord or thread is drawn thr ugh a passage extending axially through the spindle and tension is applied to the yarn at its entry into the passage, is provided with a pair of members having portions adjacent to each other, urged together without external mechanical means applied to them, and means for supporting the members in the spindle to engage the yarn between them at a point within the spindle to prevent the twist from running back to the tensioning device and without diverting the yarn from a straight line of travel through the spindle. As shown in Fig. 1, yarn 1 is withdrawn from the package 2 and passes to the thread tensioning device 4 and then downwardly through aligned thread passages in the spindle emerging from one of a number of ports 9 and then passing upwardly around the bowl 11 in normal manner. The twist barrier used in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 is illustrated in greater detail in Fig. 2 and comprises small rollers 19 carried by yokes 20 pivoted to lugs 21 on the walls of a casing 22, stops 23 and 24 being provided to limit the movement of the yokes 20. Since the yokes 20 are pivoted the rollers 19 are brought into contact by the action of gravity. This latter action is preferably supplemented by magnetic attraction between the rollers by making them of suitable material. The casing 22 forms a cartridge like member which is readily insertable in and removable from the spindle. One or both of the rollers 19 may be provided with flanges to prevent the yarn from escaping from between the rollers. Instead of providing rollers the twist barrier elements may be constituted by two blade like members resting on the yarn. In a further embodiment the twist barrier is constituted by two mutually facing discs which are offset from the line of travel of the yarn so as to be rotated thereby as it passes through. In another type of construction two rollers running in rectangular chutes which slant downwardly and are open ended at the bottom form the twist barrier. In an alternative of this construction the rollers may be replaced by rectangular blocks having a rounded edge.
Patent GB-745811-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to electron multipliers
Inventor: MCGEE JAMES DWYER
IPC: H01J43/28
Filed: 1951-03-27
Abstract: 745,811. Electron multipliers. ELECTRIC & MUSICAL INDUSTRIES, Ltd. March 17, 1962 [March 27, 1951], No. 7006/51. Class 39 (1). An electron multiplier comprising within an evacuated envelope a photo-electric cathode deposited on the inner wall of the envelope, an electron collector and therebetween a plurality of dynode electrodes which are so arranged that there is substantially no straight line passage for light from the cathode to the collector, has light attenuating means disposed between the photo-cathode and collector in the wall of the envelope wall or around the latter so as substantially to reduce the passage of light undergoing multiple internal reflections in the envelope wall. In the construction shown in Fig. 1 the envelope 1 is formed with a reentrant portion 15, the inner and/or outer surfaces of which are rendered opaque by painting. The re-entrant portion 15 may be of glass of dark colour and extends into the envelope sufficiently to obscure the ends of the glass rods 12 supporting the dynodes 6 from the photocathode 3. The photo-cathode 3 is provided with a contact member 4. Each of the dynodes 6 comprises a box 8 having a plurality of obliquely disposed louvres 10 and a wire mesh 9. In the construction shown in Fig. 2 an annular metal ring which may be of " Kovar " (Registered Trade Mark) is sealed into the wall of the envelope 1 and obscures the ends of the rods 12 from the photo-cathode 3. The metal ring 16 may be connected to the photo-cathode 3 either internally or externally of the envelope. In the construction shown in Fig. 3 part 22 of the envelope wall is formed of a light attenuating glass and a cylindrical shield electrode 17 is supported from the glass rods 12 by eyelets 20 and has a circular aperture 19. The electrode 17 is connected to the photo-cathode 3 by a connecting strip 21. According to the Provisional Specification the material of the photo-cathode 3 deposited on the end wall of the envelope may extend along part of the cylindrical surface of the envelope.
Patent GB-1253459-A (GB)
Title: Plastics container suitable for liquid pesticides
IPC: B65D85/00
Filed: 1969-02-10
Abstract: 1,253,459. Laminates. PEPRO SOC. POUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT ET LA VENTE DE SPECIALITES CHIMIQUES. 10 Feb., 1969 [12 Feb., 1968], No. 7025/69. Heading B5N. [Also in Division B8] A laminate suitable for the construction of containers for solutions of pesticides in organic solvents comprises (i) a polyamide e.g. nylon, nylon 11, (ii) a regenerated cellulose e.g. viscose, (iii) a vinyl polymer e.g. vinylidene chloridevinyl chloride copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol and (iv) a polyolefin e.g. polyethylene, polypropylene. The layers may be welded or adhered together and adjacent intermediate layers may be partially or wholly mixed. The layers may be in any sequence but the order shown above is preferred, the polyamide forming the outside of the container. A layer of aluminium may be included or one or more layers may be treated to provide resistance to radiation. The specified laminates are nylon 11/viscose/vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride copolymer/polyethylene and nylon 11/viscose coated or impregnated with vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride copolymer/polyethylene.
Patent GB-1307392-A (GB)
Title: Infusibilization treatment of pitch articles
IPC: C10C3/00
Filed: 1970-02-13
Abstract: 1307392 Treating pitch KUREHA KAGAKU KOGYO KK 13 Feb 1970 [13 Feb 1969] 7030/70 Heading C5E [Also in Division C1] Shaped articles of pitch, e.g. films or fibres, are rendered more durable for subsequent carbonization by being heat-treated at a temperature below the softening temperature of the article in an atmosphere of NO 2 , N 2 O 4 , SO 3  or a halogen, optionally with one or more non-reducing gases, e.g. N 2 , O 2 , air, A, or CO 2 . Temperatures range from 0‹ to 350‹ C. and times from 5 minutes to 5 hours. NO may be the treating gas if air is present.
Patent GB-221454-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in fire alarms
IPC: G08B17/04
Filed: 1923-03-12
Abstract: 221,454. Simpson, C. A., and Marklund, C. O. March 12, 1923. Fire-alarm systems and apparatus.-Electric fire alarm apparatus is energized by alternating current from a main source of supply reduced in voltage and used in combination with means for changing over automatically tu a stand-by on the main current failing. Means to test the installation is also provided. A rise of temperature in a room causes air in a bulb to expand and this expansion is communicated by tubing through ball valves to a diaphragm chamber 16 which makes a contact, causing current to pass from a transformer 12 on the annunciator board to operate an indicator 6, a transmitter drop switch 5, 5<A>, 5<B>, and a bell relay 4. The indicator 6 brings a lamp 7 into circuit by a knife switch 6<A>, 6<B>. The transmitter drop switch 5, 5<A>, 5<B> causes the transmitter 10 to send a message to the fire station. Bell relay 4 operates a make and break to ring an alarm bell 9. An adjustable leak member for natural rises of temperature is provided on the temperature bulbs. Any number of temperature bulbs may be used, the number of the diaphragm chambers 16, indicators 6, lamps 7, and testing instruments being increased accordingly. When the lighting circuit fails a change-over switch 2 is operated and brings into circuit the battery 11 and also a lamp 3 which indicates that the change has occurred. A machine regulating the testing of the apparatus, shown in Fig. 7, is adapted to bring resistance coils successively into circuit and thus heat air in oases, connected to each temperature-sensitive system by tubing, ball valves, &c., thus causing each diaphragm chamber to make contact in turn. The opening of the door of the instrument case is arranged to close a circuit for energizing a coil 26 which attracts a bar 26<A> and swings a lever 22 pivoted on a rod 21<B>; a spindle 23 and thus a governor 24<B> and a train of clockwork mechanism 19 are in this way released. Also a pin 22<A> is withdrawn from a hole in a disc 20H which is turned by the clockwork mechanism and makes contact with a brush which is normally opposite a notch in the edge of the disc. The brush is in communication with the fire station by leads 48, 48A, Fig. 1, and the transmitter 10. The disc 20H turns until pin 22A is forced by spring 25 into a second hole in it which synchronizes with a contact being made by one of the shoe-pieces 20F with a contact 20E on the commutator, thus bringing a resistance coil of one of the temperature-sensitive systems into circuit when the corresponding push-button 8, Fig. 1 is depressed. Circuit is thus made through the coil 26 which restarts the clockwork apparatus and the cycle is repeated until the disc 20H has made a complete revolution. Ratchet mechanism on the end of the lever 22 drives a drum 27D drawing a tape 28C under a punch 30 which records each test. Pointer 20G indicates the position of contacts 20E.
Patent GB-973331-A (GB)
Title: Method of producing anisotropic permanent magnets
IPC: H01F1/113
Filed: 1963-02-22
Abstract: 973,331. Moulding magnetic material. MAGNETFABRIK GEWERKSCHAFT WINDHORST. Feb. 22, 1963 [April 26, 1962], No. 7225/63. Heading B5A. [Also in Division H1] A method of producing an anisotropic permanent magnet with a desired preferred direction of magnetization from a coherent mass of magnetic material, comprises producing a different preferred direction of magnetization in the mass and subsequently so permanently deforming the mass as to change the preferred direction to the desired preferred direction. As shown, magnetic particles with or without a binder are subjected to an extrusion process through a nozzle such that on passing through the first part I which has a cross-section as shown at 3 the particles are subjected to a transverse magnetic field producing a magnetization as shown in dashed lines. On passing further through the nozzle the mass is " unbent " producing magnetization as shown in the cross-section 4. The mass may be barium ferrite suspended in water, and after extrusion it may be dried and sintered. In another embodiment the mass is compressed in a first die under a magnetic field and is then placed in a second die where the shape and hence the direction of magnetization are changed. In further disclosures rollers are used to effect the shaping, the change of shape and the magnetic orientation. The magnetic material may be barium ferrite, alnico, manganese-bismuth alloy and manganese-aluminium alloy. The binder if used may be a thermoplastic material.