Patent GB-459457-A (GB)
Title: A process for softening textiles, leather, paper and like fibrous materials
IPC: C11D3/00
Filed: 1935-07-09
Abstract: Textiles, paper, leather, and other fibrous substances are softened by treatment in baths which contain (a) sulphonic acids or sulphuric esters or salts thereof containing an aliphatic chain of at least ten carbons whose solutions in hard water become at the most turbid in the presence of soap, and (b) a product having the formula HOCO.A.Y.Z or a salt thereof in which A represents an alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl residue, Y a --CO.O-- group, which may be connected to the residue A by means of the carbon or the oxygen atom and Z an aliphatic residue which contains at least eight carbon atoms and may contain at most two divalent atoms interrupting the carbon chain.  In examples: (1) a bath made up with hard water for dyeing viscose artificial silk with Direct sky blue green shade contains Glauber's salt, the disodium salt of the mono ester of sulphophthalic acid with a commercial mixture of hexadecyl and octadecyl alcohols and also the ammonium salt of the mono ester derived from phthalic acid anhydride and the said mixture of alcohols; (2) viscose fabric is treated in a bath which contains the sodium salt of sulphonated n -hetadecyl-N-benzimidazole and the ammonium salt of the mono ester derived from phthalic anhydride and the commercial mixture of hexadecyl and octadecyl alcohols or the mono ester derived from hexahydrophthalic anhydride and oleyl alcohol or the ammonium salt of stearylsalicylic acid; (3) dyed copper artificial silk is softened by means of the sodium salt of n -heptadecylbenzimid azolesulphonic acid and the ammonium salt of the mono ester of phthalic anhydride with oleyl alcohol; (4) a bath for dyeing viscose artificial silk stockings with direct dyestuffs comprises the ammonium salt of the mono ester of phthalic anhydride with a mixture of hexadecyl and octadecyl alcohols and a product obtained by sulphonating castor oil in the presence of sulphophthalic anhydride; (5) dyed cotton or woollen fabrics or viscose stockings are softened by treatment with a liquor to which a paste has been added containing the disodium salt of the monoester of sulpho phthalic acid with a mixture of octadecyl and hexadecyl alcohols and the sodium salt of the mono ester of phthalic anhydride with a mixture of oleyl and cetyl alcohols; (6) viscose stockings are dyed in a bath which contains the paste used in example 5, magnesium sulphate, Glauber's salt and Direct sky blue green shade; (7) silk stockings are dyed in a bath which contains Orange II, Roccelline, Xylene blue VS, Glauber's salt, acetic acid and the paste used in example 5; (8) viscose artificial silk is dyed with Direct sky blue green shade in a bath containing Glauber's salt and the disodium salt of the monoester of sulphophthalic acid with a mixture of octadecyl and hexadecyl alcohols and the sodium salt of the mono ester of adipic acid with crude oleyl alcohol. The following compounds which prevent the precipitation of lime soaps are mentioned: alkalimetal or ammonium salts of oleic acid isethionic acid ester, oleyltaurine, sulphonated n -undecyl and n  - heptadecenyl - benzimidazoles and esters formed from aromatic sulphodicarboxylic acids and alcohols of high molecular weight, e.g. esters formed from sulphoterephthalic acid and lauryl or oleyl alcohol, stearyleneglycol, hexadecylmono glycolether or stearic acid monoglyceride.  Other compounds having the formula HOCO.A.Y.Z which may be used are: mono esters of succinic acid, isophthalic and chlorphthalic acids and ethylene-a : b -dicarboxylic acid with higher alcohols such as those obtained by the reduction fatty acids or their esters, by the scission of waxes or oxidation of paraffins, the higher glycols, halogenated higher alcohols and other substituted alcohols, e.g. castor oil and oxystericethyl ester, secondary alcohols such as are obtained by the reduction of palmitone, pentadecylmethylketone, tertiary higher alcohols and polyglycols and glycerines containing not more than two oxygen or sulphur atoms interrupting the carbon chain, e.g. diethylene glycolmonobutylether. Compounds having the formula HOCO.A.Y.Z in which Y is bound to the residue A by means of oxygen, are esters of aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic oxycarboxylic acids, e.g. glycollic, lactic, hexahydrooxybenzoic, and oxynaphthoic acid with aliphatic carboxylic acids having at least eight carbon atoms.  Examples of such compounds are lauryl, palmityl, stearyl and oleyl glycollic acid, laurylhexahydrosalicylic acid and palmitylsalicylic acid.  When the products are used for treating textiles, in baths made up with soft water, soluble salts of polyvalent metals, e.g. calcium chloride or barium or magnesium sulphate may be added.