Patent GB-1097124-A (GB)
Title: Novel blends of fibres and methods of forming such blends
IPC: D02G3/16
Filed: 1965-12-29
Abstract: A blend of fibres including high temperature resistance mineral filres is incorporated with a resin matrix and articles such as rocket nose cones, shaped from the resin fibre mass.  The high temperature resistant mineral fibres of short length (e.g. asbestos, alumino-silicate, aluminium oxide, glass fibres of flame attenuated type, of silica or of silica made by leaching glass fibres to remove non-silica constituents) are blended with lower temperature resistant, heat softenable fibres of at least 1/2 inch length and preferably 1 to 4 inches and not exceeding 0.00018 inches diameter (e.g. fibres of glass having a low alkali content or of soda glass). With soda glass the fibres tend to become coated with sodium silicate which when heated fuses to provide a bonding agent in the blend.  The blend preferably has at least 10% of each type of fibre but for greater temperature resistance more than 90% of asbestos may be incorporated.ALSO:Staple high temperature resistant fibres of length too short to be processed are blended with lower temperature resistant, heat softenable fibres at least 1/2 inch long (e.g. 1 to 4 inches) and not exceeding 0.00018 inches diameter.  The short fibres may be of asbestos, alumino-silicate, aluminum oxide, glass fibres of the flame attenuated type, of silica or of silica made by leaching glass fibres to remove non-silica constituents.  The heat softenable fibres may be of glass having a low alkali content or of soda glass. With soda glass the fibres tend to p  become coated with sodium silicate which when heated fuses to provide a bonding agent in the blend.  The blend preferably has at least 10% of each type of fibre but for greater temperature resistance more than 90% of asbestos may be incorporated.  Some organic fibres may be added to the blend such that the first time a cloth woven from yarn made from the blend is subjected to sufficient heat such fibres are burnt out to leave an incombustible product.  The blend may be formed by taking an aqueous slurry of asbestos fibres, adding the glass fibres, adding a friction agent such as colloidal silica to counteract the low coefficient of friction of the glass fibres, mixing the fibres together, forming into a loose mat, removing water and carding the mat in preparation for spinning.  Alternatively the asbestos may be added to a slurry of glass fibres or both types of fibre may be added to an aqueous medium.  Alternatively the fibres may be blended in dry form in a drum tumbler or a picker.  Addition of the friction agent can be done at the fibre forming stage or during the blending in which case a spray or mist of the friction agent is directed over the fibres in the blending vessel.  The glass fibres may have their surfaces in nascent form to increase friction.  Other friction agents are sodium silicate or organic materials, e.g. aqueous phenolic resin. In addition the glass fibres may be crimped or curled.  A fibre dispersant may be added with the drag agent to control static electricity and to act as a solvent for the size added during strand forming.  Before blending the chopped glass fibres may be passed through a high velocity, turbulent air stream, e.g. in a vortex blower, to be opened.