Patent GB-612965-A (GB)
Title: An improved additive for lubricants
Filed: 1946-06-11
Abstract: A mineral lubricating oil composition contains, as a detergent, an alkaline earth metal salt of a sulphonated tertiary olefin.  Suitable tertiary olefins are triisobutylene, tetraisobutylene, and other polymers of isobutylene, debutanizer bottoms and olefin polymers obtained as by-products in the conversion of olefins to alcohols in the presence of sulphuric acid.  The lubricating oil composition may also contain other detergents, dyes, pour depressors, heat thickened fatty oils, sulphurized fatty oils, organo-metallic compounds, metallic or other soaps, sludge dispersers, antioxidants, thickeners, viscosity index improvers, oiliness agents, defoaming or antifoaming agents, resins, rubber, olefin polymers, voltolized fats, voltolized mineral oils, voltolized waxes, colloidal solids such as graphite or zinc oxide, and solvents and assisting agents such as esters, ketones, alcohols, aldehydes or halogenated or nitrated compounds. Assisting agents which are particularly suitable are alcohols such as octyl, lauryl, cetyl, stearyl or oleyl alcohol, naphthenic alcohols, phenyl octyl alcohol, octadecyl benzyl alcohol, natural alcohols such as those obtained from wool fat or sperm oil and synthetic alcohols such as those obtained by the oxidation of petroleum hydrocarbons such as paraffin wax or petrolatum.  Instead of the alcohols, materials containing them such as wool fat or sperm oil may be employed. Other detergents which are mentioned are metal sulphonates, metal soaps, metal phenates, metal alcoholates, metal phenol sulphonates, metal alkyl phenol sulphides, metal organophosphates, thiophosphates, phosphites and thiophosphites, metal salicylates, metal xanthates, metal thioxanthates, metal thiocarbamates and reaction products of metal phenates or metal phenol sulphides with sulphur or phosphorus sulphides.  Specific detergents mentioned are nickel oleate, barium octadecylate, calcium phenyl stearate, zinc diisopropyl salicylate, aluminium naphthenate, calcium cetyl phosphate, barium di-tert. amyl phenol sulphide, calcium petroleum sulphonate, zinc methyl cyclohexyl thiophosphate and calcium dichlorostearate.  In an example, a mineral lubricating oil composition containing barium tetraisobutenyl sulphonate is described.ALSO:Alkaline earth metal salts of sulphonated tertiary olefins are employed as lubricating oil additives.  Suitable tertiary olefins are triisobutylene, tetraisobutylene, and other polymers of isobutylene, debutanized bottoms and olefin polymers obtained as by-products in the conversion of olefins to alcohols in the presence of sulphuric acid.  The olefins may be sulphonated by treatment with chlorsulphonic acid-ether complex, chlorsulphonic acid-dioxane complex, sulphur trioxide-ether complex or sulphur trioxide-dioxane complex, the sulphonation being followed by neutralization with the appropriate metal oxide or hydroxide.  In an example, sodium-dried ether is treated with chlorsulphonic acid at -40 DEG  C. to give the chlorsulphonic acid-ether complex and this is used to sulphonate tetraisobutylene.  The sulphonation product is neutralized with barium hydroxide to give barium tetraisobutenyl sulphonate.