Patent GB-1189847-A (GB)
Title: Hydraulic Transmission System
IPC: F04B1/32
Filed: 1967-06-07
Abstract: 1,189,847. Hydrostatic transmissions. CESSNA AIRCRAFT CO. 7 June, 1967 [8 Aug., 1966], No. 26247/67. Headings F2C and F2D. [Also in Division F1] To ensure that the continuous lubrication of the working parts of a pump and/or motor of an hydrostatic transmission, the housing(s) of said pump and/or motor is/are maintained completely full during operation by controlling the egress of fluid from said housing(s). Exemplary pump or motor construction (Fig. 1). A swash-plate pump or motor (shown " overcentre " reversible) comprises slippers 25 balljointed to pistons 15 received in cylinders 14 of a rotary barrel 13 splined on a pump or motor shaft 10. The slippers engage the ground planar face 24 of a tiltable swash-plate 22. The swash-plate engaging faces of the slippers have pressure balancing recesses 26 oil-fed from the cylinder 14, during piston pressure strokes, through duets 28, 29 respectively in the piston ball ends and the slippers. Continuous contact of the slippers with the swash-plate, and the cylinder barrel with the usual fixed kidneyported plate 16, is maintained by springs 30 acting on the barrel and on a part-spherical member 21 longitudinally slidably splined on the shaft 10, and engaging an annular, floating, slipper-contacting spider 31. Swash-plate tilt is adjusted by an hydraulic servomotor 33, 35 acting through links 32. Leakage from between the cylinder barrel 13 and the valve plate 16 and the pistons and cylinders accumulates in the cavity 36 of a housing 11 and escapes to the low-pressure line of the transmission circuit through a housing port 37. In Fig. 2, wherein a variable displacement transmission pump 40 is in " open " circuit with a transmission motor 43, pump and motor housing ports 54, 56 are connected to the transmission low-pressure line by lines 53, 55. An auxiliary centrifugal charging pump 51 capable of delivering to the transmission pump 40 a volume greater than that acceptable by said transmission pump is disposed between a reservoir 49 and the line 53 and maintains the transmission pump housing back-pressurized and completely filled. The transmission motor housing also may be similarly back-pressurized by eliminating the line 55 and connecting the port 56 to the line 53. In Fig. 3 (not shown), a variable displacement pump (59) is in " open " circuit with a motor (65) which is selectively rendered reversible by operation of a reversing valve (60) across the transmission high and low-pressure lines. A reservoir (58), an auxiliary positive displacement charging pump (156), and the interior of the transmission pump housing are disposed in series in the transmission low-pressure line, a transmission pump housing port being connected to the transmission pump inlet and also to a relief valve (57) relieving to the transmission low-pressure line before the reservoir. In Fig. 4, a transmission motor 101 is in closed circuit with an " overcentre " reversible transmission pump 100. An auxiliary pump 108 draws from a reservoir 109 and is connected to the transmission pressure lines 102, 105 through one-way valves 114, 115 so as to charge the prevailing low-pressure line. The transmission motor housing is filled from the lowpressure line through a pressure responsive shuttle valve 118, and is connected to the reservoir 109 through a relief valve 121. The transmission pump housing discharges directly to the reservoir. The flow through the motor housing flushes the latter and helps cool the transmission oil, the housing being used as a heat exchanger. To protect the auxiliary pump and circuit against excessive pressure during momentary flow blockage caused by shuttle valve change-over, a relief valve 125 is connected across the auxiliary pump. The embodiment of Fig. 5 (not shown), is similar to that of Fig. 4 with the addition of the following features: (a) the transmission pump and motor housings are connected in series between the shuttle valve and the motor housing relief valve so that both housings are filled; (b) the flow delivered by the auxiliary charging pump may be used additionally to operate a separate device or system (241) through a manual control valve (240); (c) for auxiliary pump and circuit protection during shuttle valve change-over flow blockage, a relief valve (246) is connected between the auxiliary pump and the housing of the transmission pump; (d) to provide for failure of the auxiliary pump a leakage-loss-return line (249), including a one-way valve (248), connects the motor housing and the low-pressure line; and (e) to prevent excessive pressure in the highpressure line, opposed relief valves (251), (256) with parallel one-way valves (258), (254) are disposed across the high and low-pressure lines.