Patent GB-731930-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to filaments of organic thermoplastic material
Inventor: FINLAYSON DONALD
IPC: D01D5/08
Filed: 1952-02-26
Abstract: <FORM:0731930/IV (a)/1> <FORM:0731930/IV (a)/2> <FORM:0731930/IV (a)/3> <FORM:0731930/IV (a)/4> <FORM:0731930/IV (a)/5> <FORM:0731930/IV (a)/6> <FORM:0731930/IV (a)/7> <FORM:0731930/IV (a)/8> An unplasticized fibre-forming thermoplastic organic derivative of cellulose is melt-spun in such a way that each filament is formed from material extruded through a non-circular orifice or non-circular group of orifices and is drawn down, the draw-down being at least 100 and being effected at a temperature and speed such that the resulting filaments can be crimped by immersion for less than one minute in boiling water.  The cellulose derivative may be urged in powder form against one side of a heated plate having a spinning orifice therein so that the powdered material is fused by heat supplied from the plate and the fused material may be continuously drawn away through the orifice in filament form. Preferably spinning orifices of elongated cross-section are used, and preferably the length of the orifice is at least 2.5 times the width at a certain distance from one end, this distance being greater than one-third and not greater than half the length.  A high ratio of length to average width, e.g. 5 : 1 or 10 : 1 or higher, is conducive to obtaining the desired asymmetry of cross-section.  Preferably an orifice is used in which the width varies along the length and has a maximum, a minimum and a second maximum value, the greatest width being at least 1.5 times the minimum.  The shape of the orifice may be that of a plurality of intersecting circles.  Figs. 1-8 indicate suitable profiles for the orifices.  Orifices with areas ranging from 0.001 to 0.005 square inches and with minimum thicknesses ranging from 0.008 to 0.015 inches may be used.  A single filament may be drawn from a group of orifices which are arranged so close together that the material from all of them can be brought together while it is still sufficiently fluid to coalesce.  The draw-down, i.e. the ratio of the area of the die orifice to the cross-sectional area of the filament where it first contacts the draw-roller or other device that draws it away from the die, is preferably above 500, e.g. up to 3000.  The draw-down should be such that the filaments are elongated in cross-section and preferably more elongated than the orifice as well as being asymmetrical.  To assist in obtaining the desired asymmetry and anisotropy, the filaments may be drawn away from the die aperture at an angle, e.g. so that their path makes an angle of less than 45 degrees with the die face.  The spinning temperature should be well above the minimum at which the material can be melt-spun.  With orifices formed from intersecting circular holes of different diameters there is an optimum temperature above which the crimpability of the resulting filaments decreases.  In the case of secondary cellulose acetate, this optimum temperature is at about 280 DEG  C.  In an example, cellulose acetate containing 53 per cent of combined acetic acid is melt-spun through orifices, each having a profile as shown in Fig. 4, in a plate kept at 280 DEG  C., and the draw roller is run at a speed giving a filament denier of 10.  The twistless tow obtained is immersed in hank form in cold water and then for 5 seconds in water at 95 DEG  C.  This treatment gives the material a subdued lustre and a crimp in which the distance between successive peaks is about 0.1 inch.  In another example, each orifice is in the form of a slit of dimensions 0.22 inch by 0.02 inch, as shown in Fig. 1, and the extrusion plate is kept at 260 DEG  C.  The cellulose derivative may be cellulose triacetate, cellulose propionate, cellulose aceto-butyrate, or benzyl cellulose.  Orifices in the form of curved or sinuous slits or slits running into circular holes may be used.  The draw-off may be periodically increased or diminished so as to produce filaments having periodic variations in cross-sectional area along their length.  Other methods of crimping may be used, e.g. the filaments as they are formed may be laid in open coils on a perforated belt and carried by the belt first through a zone in which they are exposed to the hot aqueous medium such as hot water or steam, and then through a drying zone.  The filaments may first be cut into staple fibres and the fibres may then be crimped by subjection to hot water or steam treatment.  The water employed in the crimping operation may contain wetting or swelling agents for enhancing the crimping effect, or it may contain sodium sulphate or other substances which repress swelling and delustring of the filaments.  The crimping may be effected in the course of saponification, dyeing, bleaching or other aqueous treatment of the materials, e.g. saponification and crimping may be effected by treatment with a 0.5 per cent aqueous solution of caustic soda containing 5 per cent of sodium acetate.  Instead of hot water, swelling agents such as alcohols, methylene chloride or ethylene chloride may be used as crimping liquid.  Crimping may also be effected by heating the filaments in hot air or in a hot inert liquid such oil.  Specifications 677,573, [Group IV (c)], 719,853 and 721,674 are referred to.  The Provisional Specification refers also to the production of filaments of other thermoplastic organic substances such as copolymers of acrylonitrile with vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride or methacrylonitrile; copolymers of vinylidene chloride with vinyl chloride; polyamides, polyurethanes, polyaminotriazoles, polyethylene terephthalate, or polystyrene.  The thermoplastic substance may contain a plasticizer.