Patent GB-635821-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to scanning devices
IPC: H01Q3/08
Filed: 1943-02-13
Abstract: 635,821. Aerials ; radiolocation. SPERRY GYROSCOPE CO., Inc. Feb. 13, 1943, No. 2431. Convention date, April 10, 1942. [Class 40 (vii)] Scanning apparatus for radiolocation purposes is provided with driving means whereby the axis of a radio beam may be swept spirally over a relatively large solid angle or alternatively in a conical path having a small fixed apex angle. For spiral scanning, the beam is oscillated slowly about one axis which is simultaneously spun rapidly about a second axis at right angles. For conical scanning, the oscillatory movement is stopped and the beam continues to spin with its axis. making a small fixed angle with the spin axis. The apparatus is particularly suitable for use in the radiolocation system described in Specification 621,485, in which, when a target has been located during the spiral searching movement, the directive beam is given a " tracking " movement over a small conical space, including the target. Construction of scanning apparatus. In one construction, Fig. 1, a housing 29 carrying the radiator 59 is adjustable in elevation about axis 27 by a worm-wheel 33 engaging a sector 31 and driven from a motor 18. The housing 29 is carried by a mount 1 which is adjustable in azimuth about axis 3 by a pinion 11 engaging a fixed sector 9 and driven from a second motor 20 through a shaft 13 passing through the mount 1. The radiator 59 is spun about the axis 61 by a motor 41 driving a gear 48 which carries a hub 51 to which is secured a yoke 53. Motor 41 also oscillates or " nods " the radiator 59 about axis 55 through gearing 65, 69, 71 and 74, two clutch plates 75, 77, and an eccentric 79 on plate 77 which engages a slide 83 carrying a rack 85. Self-synchronous transmitters 97, 103 may be provided to transmit the instantaneous positions of the " nod " and " spin " axes 55, 61 to a distant point. The connection between clutch-plates 75, 77 comprises a spring-controlled sliding pin 131 on plate 77 engaging a hole 132 in plate 75. To change over from spiral searching to conical tracking, the nod motion is stopped by withdrawing pin 131 from hole 132 by means of a bevelled member 127 engaging a slanting slot in pin 131. Member 127 is connected through a bell-crank lever 123 to an arm 119 riding on a ring 113 which surrounds housing 29 and is displaceable axially along it by a solenoid 109. Ultra-high frequency energy may be supplied to the radiator 59 through cylindrical and rectangular wave-guides 139, 141, 147, 149, with suitable rotary joints 145, 151 of the kind described in Specification 579,763. In a second construction, Fig. 2, the elevation and nod axes are combined. The radiator 59 is mounted on a shaft 153 which is oscillated to give the nod motion, the shaft 153 being mounted on a casing 157 which is rotated within a housing 161 to give the spin motion. For spiral searching, motor 159 drives gear 165 through a magnetic clutch 167, gear 165 being connected through a sleeve 179 to the casing 157. During this motion, pinion 199 rotates round stationary gear 177 mounted on a stanchion 169 and, through a differential 201, worm gearing 211, and crank 215 oscillates shaft 153. To change over from spiral searching to conical tracking, magnetic clutch 167 is operated to couple motor 159 to gear 163 connected through a sleeve 171 to gear 175. A spring-controlled brake 217 is effective to stop the rotation of casing 157. The rotation of gear 175 is transmitted through gears 183, 191, and differential 185 to a flexible shaft 195 which rotates the radiator 59 about an axis 62. The beam axis 60 is slightly offset from axis 62 to provide the conical scanning over a small angle. The housing 161 may be adjusted in azimuth during scanning by a servo-motor 170 geared to a housing support 164. The axis 62 may also be adjusted in elevation during the conical scanning by operation of servo-motor 221. This operates through a differential 225, sleeve 227, gearing 229, 231, shafts 233, 237, differential 245, gears 253, 255, 259, 261, differential 201 and gear 211 on crank 215. Differential 225 prevents operation of shaft 233 during an azimuth adjustment. In a further construction, Fig. 5 (not shown), similar to that shown in Fig. 2, but with a fixed housing 161, the elevation and nod axes are combined, servomotor 221 operating directly on gear 253 through a differential, and the azimuth and spin axes are also combined, servo-motor 170 acting on gear 165 through a differential. The spring brake 219 is replaced by a momentarilyoperated magnetic brake acting on sleeve 179. In a modification, Fig. 9 (not shown), generally similar to Fig. 5, the magnetic clutch comprises two alternatively-energized coils. Arrangements for controlling change-over. The magnetic clutch 167 is controlled by a relay 277, Fig. 4, operated when the control switch 279 is in searching position S. On throwing the switch 279 to tracking position T, clutch 167 is operated to change over the drive and relay 283 is connected up but is not operated until the closure of contacts 286. These are closed when an echo pulse is received, indicating that the beam is at that instant directed towards a target. Relay 283 then operates magnetic brake 218 (replacing spring brake 217, Fig. 2) to stop the spiral motion. Relay 287 also operates to change over other control circuits. A modified circuit, Fig. 6 (not shown), provides for momentary operation only of brake 218. In another arrangement, change-over is automatically effected when the orientation of the scanning beam corresponds to that of a shaft which may be manually set in accordance with the indication of a cathoderay tube indicator or may be part of a telescope, sound locator, gun director, &c. Servo-motors 309, 311, Fig. 8, associated with this shaft are connected respectively with servo-motors 313, .315 associated with the scanner so as to give, after rectification, direct current outputs proportional to the differences of elevation and azimuth respectively. The clutch magnet is operated over leads 331 when relay 321 falls back due to equality of elevation and the brake is operated over leads 334 when relay 323 also falls back due to equality in azimuth. The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 comprises also a statement that the scanner is applicable to the directive transmission and reception of light, sound and infrared rays. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.