baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-989131-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electrodialysis
Inventor: SEAMAN PETER HERBERT
IPC: C02F1/46
Filed: 1963-03-06
Abstract: In electrodialysis of a liquid, to reduce polarization due to deposits forming on permeable membranes, an electrically non-conducting gas is mixed with the liquid before passing electric current through it.  Typically the gas is air and volume of air to liquid is in the range of 1:1-3:1 by volume.  Mixing may be effected by introducing the gas into a pipeline along which the liquid is being pumped either by using a slightly higher pressure for the gas than the liquid or by causing the liquid to draw gas into the pipeline or the liquid may be introduced into a pressure gas line. In the production of pure water using a resin-packed electrodialysis stack as in Specification 942,762 the water to be treated may be mixed with compressed air.
Patent GB-510673-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to spray nozzles
IPC: B05B1/34
Filed: 1939-03-21
Abstract: 510,673. Spray-producers. CROMBIE, N. March 21, 1939, No. 8993. [Class 69 (iii)] A spray-producer comprises an externally screwed nipple a, having a screwed flange b containing a washer c, on which screws a hollow body d closed at the upper end except for a spray hole e and provided with thumb pieces f. The upper part of the body d is threaded to receive a plug g<1> having a helical slot h cut on it leading to a conical chamber h. The plug g<1> has attached to it a rod i provided with a thumb piece j. By means of the thumb pieces f and g the nozzle is readily disassembled for cleaning.
Patent GB-856416-A (GB)
Title: Method and apparatus for electrolytic manufacture of alginic acid and its salts
Filed: 1957-03-19
Abstract: 856,416. Electrolytic preparation of alginic acid. TAIHO KOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA. March 19, 1957 [July 14, 1956], No. 9018/57. Class 41 A process for the electrolytic manufacture of alginic acid and its salts is characterised in that brown seaweeds are treated with an acid so as to transform substantially all the amount of the alginic acid salt contained into a free alginic acid without changing the original form of the seaweeds and that the seaweeds are then treated with alkalis to exhaust free alginic acid, giving an alkali alginate solution, further that the said solution, after removal of the impurities contained in it by filtration is subjected to direct current electrolysis in an electrolytic cell wherein the anode is made either of a metal which becomes the metallic component of a salt of alginic acid to be deposited in it as such whilst an auxiliary pole in the form of a stainless steel wire gauze is interposed in the space between the anode and the cathode. As shown, apparatus for carrying out the invention comprises an anode 4 in the form of a rotable drum, a cathode 3, an auxiliary electrode 2 a membrane 9 of unglazed pottery and scraping means 7. Electrolyte is charged into the cell by inlet 1 and discharged through outlet 10. The anode is of zinc, the cathode is an iron plate, the auxiliary electrode is a wire gauze of stainless steel. Zinc alginate is deposited in the anode and continuously scraped off by scraper 7. If stainless steel is used as the anode, alginic acid is deposited thereon.
Patent GB-1455505-A (GB)
Title: Antistatic finishing of shaped polymeric organic material
IPC: D06M13/46
Filed: 1974-02-28
Abstract: 1455505 Antistatic treatment of shaped articles BASF AG 28 Feb 1974 [1 March 1973] 9057/74 Heading D1P Shaped articles are of organic polymeric material, e.g. textiles, rendered antistatic by treatment with a compound of general formula where R and Q independently are hydroxyalkyl (2-3C), alkyl (1-4C) or benzyl and Q can also be the radical in which A is alkylene (216C), and X<SP>(-)</SP> is an organic or inorganic anion, or the n-th part of an n-valent, such anion (n being an integer greater than 1) preferably chloride or methosulphate. Preferably Q is methyl or ethyl. The surface treated may be a textile of natural or synthetic high molecular weight material. The compound may be applied by dipping, or spraying. An example relates to treating a polyamide fabric with a 0.05% strength solution of N - methyl - tri - (2 - hydroxyethyl) - ammonium chloride at a liquor ratio of 30:1 after which the fabric is dried and thermoset at 180‹-200‹C.
Patent GB-263364-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in beams and like structural units
IPC: E04C3/08
Filed: 1926-04-06
Abstract: 263,364. Macomber, S. April 6, 1926. Girders and beams; roofs; reinforced concrete. -Trussed beams suitable for various spans and applicable as floor joists, roof purlins, or reinforcements in concrete floors and roofs, are provided with overhanging ends 10 consisting of flat plates 5 which extend inwards to the first joint of the upper chord and web and are flanged on the lower edge of the outer portion. The chords may consist of pairs of round bars 1, 2, or angle or channel bars, and are bent at the ends and secured to the plates 5. The web consists of a zig-zag bar welded or otherwise joined to the chords.
Patent GB-759753-A (GB)
Title: Mechanism for controlling turbine driven vehicles
IPC: G01P1/10
Filed: 1952-04-09
Abstract: 759,753. Operating clutches; reverse gear control. REGIE NATIONALE DES USINES RENAULT. April 9, 1952 [June 20, 1951], No. 9147/52. Class 80(2) [Also in Groups XXIX and XXXI] A turbine-driven road vehicle includes a mechanism for interrupting the drive between the turbine shaft and the wheels, the mechanism comprises a rod 3, moved by the turbine speed and actuating a compressed air servo-motor to disengage a clutch or to set into neutral a reversing gear in the drive. The clutch may be arranged to re-engage automatically when the turbine speed drops or it may be necessary to operate a manual switch to effect clutch re-engagement. In Fig. 1 the invention is applied to spring-engaged clutch 39 which is disengaged pneumatically from a cylinder 41 which is connected to compressed air supply pipe 44 by downward movement of a regulator 42, such movement being effected by movement of the rod 3 functioning in the manner disclosed in Specification 759,586 [Group XXXI]. In Fig. 2 (not shown), the regulator 42 is replaced by an electromagnetic valve in circuit with a switch controlled by the rod 3. In Fig. 3 (not shown), the clutch is engaged by pneumatic pressure and disengaged by a spring, the pneumatic pressure being controlled by an electromagnetic valve in circuit with a switch controlled by the rod 3 and a manually operated switch 50. In a modification of the arrangement shown in Fig. 1 (Fig. 4, not shown), the regulator 42 is held in its uppermost position by a rod connected through a lost motion connection with the rod 3, downward movement of the rod 3 causing the regulator to be spring- urged downwardly and subsequent upward movement of the rod 3 when the turbine speed drops being accommodated in the lost motion connection, so that the clutch is only re-engaged by manual operation of the regulator. In Fig. 5 the invention is applied to a reversing gear, and the rod 3 controls a switch 69 which is made when the speed is excessive to operate a relay 68 which opens a switch 67 and closes a switch 70. The switch 67 is in circuit with electromagnetic valves which when operative pressurize cylinders 57, 58 containing pistons 59, 60 which are connected by a common rod 61 to a pivoted lever 62 acting on the selector lever of the reversing gear. The lever 62 is connected to a spring 63, which when the switch 67 is opened places the reversing gear in neutral. Closing of the switch 71 causes the relay 68 to remain operative irrespective of the switch 69, the relay being de-energized by a manually operated switch 72.
Patent GB-722043-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to internal shoe drum brakes for vehicles
IPC: F16D51/20
Filed: 1952-04-10
Abstract: 722,043. Internal shoe-drum brakes. MANLEY, G. E., and FAZEKAS, G. A. G. June 1, 1953 [April 10, 1952]. No. 9153/52. Class 103 (1). In an internal shoe-drum brake of the type in which one or both shoes are arranged to be in light rubbing contact with the brake drum, as described in Specification 519,787, when the brakes are released, the leading shoe 30 and trailing shoe 31, Fig. 3, are coupled by links 34 and 35 to a balance lever 36 pivoted on the backplate, such that when the brake is inoperative the trailing shoe 31 is in light contact with the drum, but the leading shoe 30 is held just clear of the drum. This effect may be obtained by making the arms of the lever 36 of different length or by arranging the links 34, 35 at different angles to the lever 36. A spring 41 between abutment 42 on the back plate and shoe 30 provides the necessary bias to hold the trailing shoe 31 in light contact with the drum. Alternatively this may be produced by locating the main retraction spring 42 radially outwardly of the abutment pins 32, 33 as in Fig. 5. Instead of a fluid pressure actuator, a bell crank lever 60 pressing against the web of a shoe through a steel insert 65 in a slide 62 and operated by a cable attached to a lever'66 may be used, the crank 60 and lever 66 being coupled by an adjustment mechanism comprising a threaded tappet 69 with ratchet and pawl detent. Two further forms of lever operating mechanism are described. The arrangement of the anchor pins may be as described in Specification 675,579.
Patent GB-1123639-A (GB)
Title: Inking system for marking apparatus
Inventor: GOTTSCHO IRA SAMUEL
IPC: B41F31/02
Filed: 1967-02-27
Abstract: 1,123,639. Ink-supply device. ADOLPH GOTTSCHO Inc. 27 Feb., 1967, No. 9188/67. Heading B6C. A marking apparatus which contains an ink reservoir and a duotor roller also comprises an ink supply container which may be manually swivelled so that either ink is supplied by the container to the reservoir via a tube, or ink is allowed to drain, when not in use, from the reservoir to the container. Fig. 3 illustrates a marking device mounted in a frame comprising side members 12 and a base-plate 14 wherein a marking wheel 16 is rotatably mounted on an axle 20, type (18) carried on the wheel making inked impressions on e.g. a web. The inking system includes an ink reservoir 24 (Figs. 3 and 4) resting on the base 14, a ductor roller 26 and a transfer roller 28, the rollers being driven by bearer rims in contact with the moving web (Fig. 2, not shown). A doctor blade 34 may be used to regulate the thickness of the ink layer on the transfer roller 28; the rolling contact pressure may also be altered by laterally shifting the reservoir 24 and hence the axis of rotation of the transfer roller 28, which is journalled in the reservoir on a shaft 30, locking screw 40 holding the reservoir in its adjusted position. The ductor roller 26 on axle 50 can also be adjustably mounted by means of yoke 52 pivoted at 54 and held by adjustment screw 56, The inking system further includes a preferably horizontal tube 58 extending from the bottom of the reservoir; a mounting member 62 (Fig. 4) is axially constrained between a collar 66 secured to tube 58 and a retaining rim 68 fixed to the outer portion of the tube, and is formed with a bore 64 so that it can rotate about the tube 58. An ink supply container 74 having a threaded neck 76 is received in a threaded socket 78 formed in the mounting member 62, a radial passage 80 connecting the neck to a number of holes 82 in the periphery of tube 58. Thus, when the container 74 is erect and inverted, the ink level in the reservoir is maintained by the pressure of ink in the container; when the mounting member 62, and hence the container, is rotated through at least 90 degrees, preferably 180 degrees, ink drains from the reservoir into the container.
Patent GB-1441110-A (GB)
Title: Shuttlecocks
IPC: A63B67/00
Filed: 1973-02-24
Abstract: 1441110 Shuttlecocks DUNLOP Ltd 6 Feb 1974 [24 Feb 1973] 9206/73 Heading A6S Shuttlecock striking-caps are made by moulding a semi-rigid polyurethane foam, the foam having an indentation hardness in the range 30 to 75 units (ASTM D 2240). The foam-forming reaction may be carried out in a single stage, the reaction mixture comprising a suitable polyol, a polyisocyanate, a crosslinking agent, a catalyst, and a blowing agent. The polyol may be a polyether polyol e.g. a polyoxyalkylene trio], of molecular weight not exceeding 6000, or a polyester polyol e.g. a partially crosslinked diethylene glycol adipate, of molecular weight not exceeding 3000, these polyols all possessing a high proportion of primary hydroxyl end groups. The polyisocyanate, used in 5% stoichiometric excess based on polyol, is preferably a liquid at temperatures above 20‹C and may be a suitably modified diphenyl, methane diisocyanate or tolylene diisocyanate. The crosslinker may be a diol e.g. butane-1, 4-diol, or a triol e.g. glycerol, whilst the catalyst may be tetraethylene diamine or triethylene diamine. The blowing agent may be water and, if desired, a polysiloxane-oxyalkylene block copolymer may be added as surfactant. Reaction temperature may 'be between 20 and 65‹C as appropriate, mouldings being removable after 5 minutes curing time. The mouldings do not shrink appreciably after 7 days at 50‹C. A "two-stage process" involving prepolymers may also be used.
Patent GB-1261102-A (GB)
Title: Transparent heat-developable photosensitive sheet material
IPC: G03C11/12
Filed: 1969-02-20
Abstract: 1,261,102. Heat-developable photo-sensitive materials; stripping films. MINNESOTA MINING & MFG CO. Feb.20, 1969 [Feb. 21, 1968], No.9319/69. Heading G2C. A heat-developable, light-sensitive material comprises a transparent support coated with a layer containing a catalytic amount of silver halide, a light-stable organic silver salt and a reducing agent for the silver salt, the material also containing in the same or a separate layer, a coloured material which is present in an amount to provide an optical density of 0À1 and which absorbs radiation to which the silver halide is sensitive. The addition of coloured material is stated to improve image resolution of the light-sensitive materials of Specification 1,110,046. The coloured material may be in the light-sensitive layer, in a layer between the support and the light-sensitive layer or in a layer coated on the back of the support. If it is on a layer on the back of the support, this layer may be stripped off after exposure or development or a stripping layer may be applied to the support before the coloured layer and both layers stripped off. To facilitate stripping the coloured layer may be overcoated with an adhesive layer so that onheat development, this adhesive layer is applied to a paper sheet and both adhesive and coloured layers are removed. Preferred coloured substances are carbon black and dyes. The stripping layer may be chlorinated rubber, carnauba wax or a cellulose ester and an acrylic copolymer containing plasticizer. The adhesive layer may be an acrylic copolymer and an epoxy resin. Alternatively a coloured non-stripping nitrocellulose layer may be applied to the back of the support.
Patent GB-541529-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electron discharge apparatus
IPC: H01J25/12
Filed: 1940-05-28
Abstract: 541,529. Electron oscillators. STANDARD TELEPHONES & CABLES, Ltd., and GIBSON, W. T. May 28, 1940, No. 9355. [Classes 39 (i) and 40 (v)] In an oscillator wherein an electron stream is velocity modulated in one resonator 41 and gives up energy to standing waves in a second resonator 51, feed back is effected by an auxiliary velocitymodulated stream. The output from an auxiliary cathode 101 is controlled by an electrode 102, the stream passing through the gaps 103, 105 in the two resonators. The tubes 104, 106 &c. maybe inclined to give an equal coupling between the stream and resonators. Flattened resonators may be used. Power is taken from the oscillators by the loop 101 which with the tube 121 forms a concentric line.
Patent GB-146633-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to heat exchangers or regenerators
IPC: F28F21/04
Filed: 1919-04-12
Abstract: 146,633. Thompson, W. P., (Fours et ProcÚdÚs Mathy Soc. Anon.). April 12, 1919. Tubes of special materials. - Heat is interchanged between fluid streams circulating parallel to one another through and around connected refractory pipes in superposed tiers. The waste gases for example, used for heating, flow from the interior 4 of one layer of pipes to another by means of headers. The air &c. being heated passes through the spaces 10 outside the pipes from layer to layer by means of gaps 21 in the edges 3 of the refractory sections 12 at the points where communication is desired. The pipes may be of triangular cross-section or may be rectangular without ribs or flanges 3, the passage of air from one tier to another being effected by bevelling a corner of an element at the desired place.
Patent GB-357947-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to magnetic materials
IPC: C22C19/00
Filed: 1930-03-24
Abstract: The manufacture of a magnetic nickel iron alloy containing more than 30 per cent of nickel comprises incorporating in the alloy an additional element whose solid solubility in the nickel iron increases with temperature and is not more than 4 per cent at room temperature, in an amount exceeding its limit of solid solubility at temperatures such as 300-500 DEG  C., but not so much exceeding, if at all, its limit of solubility at a temperature such as 900 DEG  C. as to produce an embrittling effect on the alloy, and, after working the alloy, heating to an annealing temperature or above, cooling from that temperature or an intermediate temperature sufficiently rapidly to obtain a supersaturated solid solution of the element, and thereafter soaking the material at about 300-500 DEG  C. for a substantial period of time.  Suitable additional elements are silver, antimony, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, sulphur, and carbon.  The customary addition of manganese may be necessary when sulphur and phosphorus are used, to obtain workability.  The amount of silver added is 0,4-5 per cent, and in this case the soaking temperature is about 350-375 DEG  C.  The alloy may be heated at 900 DEG  C., cooled slowly to 600 DEG  C., and then quenched. Specification 288,579, [Class 82 (i), Metals, Extracting &c.], is referred to.
Patent GB-1451594-A (GB)
Title: Process for the preparation of unsaturated cyanocarbonyl com pounds
IPC: C07C/
Filed: 1975-03-06
Abstract: 1451594 Cyanocarbonyl compounds STAMICAKBON BV 6 March 1975 [11 March 1974] 9400/75 Heading C2C Cyano compounds of the formula wherein R 1  and R 2  are hydrogen atoms or C 1-5  alkyl or C 5-10  cycloalkyl groups or R 1  and R 2  together complete a C 5-12  saturated ring, are obtained by reacting together acrylonitrile and isobutyraldehyde in the liquid phase and reacting the resulting reaction product in the liquid phase with carbonyl compounds of the formula R 2 -CO-CH 2 -R 1 , both reactions being carried out with piperidine and/or primary amines and/or Schiffs bases as catalysts and in the presence of acid compounds. 2,2 - Dimethyl - 4 - cyanobutyraldehyde may be obtained as an intermediate in the above process.
Patent GB-1144121-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to equipment housings
Inventor: GILES ALAN ROBERT DOUGLAS
IPC: H01F27/02
Filed: 1965-03-05
Abstract: 1,144,121. Transformers; mounting electrical equipment. PLESSEY - U.K. Ltd. 1 March, 1966 [5 March, 19651, No. 9427/65. Headings H1R and HIT- [Also in Division H2]  A housing for e.g. a transformer (7), reactor (7c), rectifier (7d) equipment consists of a rigid carrier framework 3, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6 to which is attached a thin-walled enclosing structure 8. The (stainless steel or aluminium) structure 8 may be made as a complete enclosure using sealing rings and gaskets with glass-to-metal seals at the connections and contain oil, a fluorochemical liquid or other suitable coolant. Alternatively air may be blown through it for cooling purposes. The wall thickness of 8 may be from 0.006 inch to 0.05 inch for a 6-inch diameter spherical enclosure.
Patent GB-177809-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of cellulose derivatives
IPC: C08B13/02
Filed: 1922-04-01
Abstract: Initial materials for the manufacture of cellulose esters and ethers are the derivatives of cellulose containing alkyl or aralkyl groups, which are insoluble in water but soluble in alkali solutions, and which are obtained by treating cellulose or a derivative thereof with alkali and an alkylating- or aralkylating-agent.  Methods of preparing these derivatives are described in Specifications 177,810, 203,346 and 203,347.  Either the whole reaction mixture or solution is treated with the esterifying or alkylating, &c. agent, optionally after first freeing the mixture wholly or partly from water; or the alkali soluble derivative is first isolated and is then treated for the production of the cellulose ester or ether.  The esterification and alkylation, &c. is effected according to the usual methods and with the usual reagents except that by the use of these derivatives the large excesses of the latter usually employed, become unnecessary.  In the case of the more highly-alkylated cellulose ethers, the alkylation may be completed in one stage, or may be effected in two steps, the product of the first step being a low-alkylated ether, for example, an ethyl ether soluble in water, which is further alkylated preferably after complete or partial removal of the water from the reaction mixture.  Examples are given of the manufacture of the initial cellulose derivatives and of acetates, formates, nitrates, and ethyl ethers therefrom.
Patent GB-769249-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to automatic fire alarm installations
IPC: G08B17/06
Filed: 1955-04-01
Abstract: 769,249. Electric fire alarms. TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET L. M. ERICSSON. April 1, 1955 [April 1, 1954], No. 9596/55. Class 118 (1). A fire alarm system comprises a two-wire circuit a, b connected by parallelled normally open alarm contacts 7, a control relay 1 directly operating a lamp 14, signal relays 11, 12 13 operating lamps 15, 16, 17, and switches 5, 8, 9 and 10. If fire conditions at one of the sections protected by a contact 7 causes that contact to make then the relay 1 is shorted and the switches 5, 8, 9 and 10 move over from the Fig. 1 position to connect the signal operating relays 11, 12 and 13 into circuit, the lamp 14 is lit, and the made contact 7 allows current to pass through its respective signal relay to light its warning lamp. A short-circuit between the wires a and b operates similarly to a made contact 7, but if a break occurs in the wires no current will flow to the signal relays as the con. tacts 7 are still open and only the lamp 14 will light. In Fig. 1 a direct short-circuit between lines a and b may cause a false alarm signal but if a half-wave rectifier 18 is connected with each of the contacts 7, Fig. 2, and the signal relays and main supplies are connected to a variable or A.C. voltage, then if an alarm contact 7 is made current will only flow in one direction to operate the signal relays while if a short-circuit between a and b occurs current will flow through the relays in both directions. If therefore the signal relays are polarized then alarms may be registered but direct shortcircuiting will be marked as a line fault by the relay 1 and lamp 14. In Fig. 3 a varistor 19 is put in circuit with each contact 7 and release of the relay 1 is arranged to vary the voltage of the D.C. source of Fig. 1 or the source may be varied continuously. Thus the current in a signal relay will be directly proportional to the source voltage on short-circuit, but it will increase disproportionately due to the varistors 19 when alarm contacts are closed. The signal relays can then be made responsive to rates of change of current to operate only on alarm. Several two-wire circuits may be used in each installation, each circuit having its control relay. The signal relays may however be common to a number of circuits.