Patent GB-1045727-A (GB)
Title: Method and apparatus for forming hollow articles
IPC: B21K1/64
Filed: 1964-09-10
Abstract: 1,045,727. Forging nuts; extruding; shearing. NATIONAL MACHINERY CO. Sept. 10, 1964 [Sept. 18, 1963], No. 37071/64. Headings B3H, B3P and B3W. In the manufacture of tubular articles such as nuts, solid stock 19, Fig. 2, is pierced by a tool 22 to form a blind passage 88 therein, and a workpiece is then severed from the stock along a plane intersecting the passage. Circular bar stock 19 is fed into a nut-making machine, Fig. 1, by intermittently rotating rollers 154 driven through linkage and a oneway clutch, Fig. 5 (not shown), by a cam on shaft 15. Feed adjustment is provided. Before piercing, the stock 19 is pushed slightly below the level of the die face, Fig. 3a (not shown), to allow for its expansion, by a sleeve 57, Fig. 2, actuated by a pivoted lever 61 operated through linkage, Fig. 6 (not shown), by a cam on shaft 15. The stock is then tightly clamped between a fixed die 31 and a transversely movable die 32 actuated by a double-acting fluid cylinder 193, Fig. 1, controlled by valves 194, 195 operated by cams 194a, 195a on side shaft 45a. Further clamping jaws 70 are also provided. The dies 31, 32 define a square or preferably hexagonal section die cavity 33. The machine slide 12 is driven by a crank-shaft C and carries the piercing tool 22 which pierces the stock to form the blind passage 88 and simultaneously upsets it to fill the hexagonal die cavity. Backward extrusion occurs during the piercing. After withdrawal of tool 22, a transversely movable carrier 42 is moved to the right by a cam mechanism 45 to position a hexagonal shape die 46 into alignment with the die cavity 33. The die 32 is then released and the pierced stock moved upwardly by the rollers 154 into the shear die 46 which contains an ejector sleeve 48 and an expandible stock gauge 51 which fits into the blind passage 88 and locates the stock axially. Alternatively, the stock may be locatad by the ejector sleeve 48. Lever 61 is then operated to depress a conical-ended pin 66 which expands the stock gauge into tight engagement with the blind passage whilst the carrier 42 is moved to the left to shear-off a workpiece 91 and move it to a transfer station 25. Sleeve 48 operated through knock-out rods 62 by an abutment 60 on the slide 12, removes the workpiece from the shear die 46 to the transfer station 25 where it is held by a spring-loaded ball 55 and from which it is subsequently ejected by an ejection pin 92 into a transfer mechanism T. Fig. 1. This is operated through rack T2 by a cam T1 on the shaft 15 and has a further rack T3 meshing with pinions T4 on pairs of transfer fingers T5 which transfer the blank through further die stations 14, 16, 17 and turn it endwise during transfer. At station 14 the workpiece is pressed on to a tapered mandrel 97, Fig. 8 (not shown), by a tool 24. At station 16, internal chamfers are formed at both ends of the bore and an external chamfer is formed at one end, Fig. 9 (not shown). At station 17, Fig. 10 (not shown), a shouldered washer face is formed on the opposite end of the workpiece. Ejector sleeves operated by cams 105, 120, 135 are provided at the die stations. The invention may also be used for forming roller chain bushings and pipe couplings. The operations may be performed hot or cold or the piercing may be performed on hot stock and the subsequent operations performed cold. The stock may be of medium or high carbon or stainless steel or of non-ferrous alloy.