Patent GB-1515148-A (GB)
Title: Combustion in an internal combustion engine
IPC: F02P23/04
Filed: 1975-08-11
Abstract: 1515148 Treating IC engine charges M A V WARD 11 Aug 1975 [12 Aug 1974] 33352/75 Heading F1B [Also in Division H1] An I.C. engine having a combustion chamber, means for producing a combustible mixture therein and means for igniting the mixture is combined with apparatus comprising means for generating electromagnetic energy at an operating frequency fo of the order of the plasma frequency fps, of a species s of charged particles of the mixture, where and where ns is the species number density of the mixture, ms is the species mass, e is the charge of an electron and E o  is the dielectric constant of free space, and for conducting the energy to the chamber for at least one millisecond following ignition of the mixture to couple the energy to charged particles of said species in the mixture during combustion thereof. The energy has a frequency in the range 10<SP>6</SP> to 10<SP>12</SP> Hz and may be coupled to the chamber continuously or at periods both before and after ignition. The r.f. energy is coupled to the mixture within the cylinder by either loop or probe coupling. Fig 1 shows a sparking plug having electrodes 6 and 7 which form a spark gap which is fed with D.C. from a separate source and a coupling loop 5. The spark gap may be situated half-way along the loop; either of the electrodes 6 and 7 may be pointed. Fig. 5 shows a coupling probe 10 which forms a spark gap with body opening 11. Points may be formed on probe 10 or body opening 11. The R.F. power is generated by a magnetron or microwave solid state device, although a travelling wave tube or klystron may be used. In a four-cylinder engine the R.F. power is fed to a four throw switch which is connected to the sparking plugs and is actuated by a signal from a conventional distributer so that R.F. power is fed to a sparking plug at the same time as it receives D.C. power. Alternatively, Fig. 11B, both the D.C. and the R.F. power are fed to a distributer, the rotor of which is similar to the El section of a transmission line. The rotor is eccentrically driven so that the rotor tip dwells or travels slowly to extend the time for which energy is fed to each sparking plug. A conventional manual rotary coaxial switch may be modified to be driven by the distributer shaft so as to produce a similar effect. Each of the previously described devices necessitates the use of low-pass filters and light voltage D.C. blocking capacitors, these may be replaced by the device shown in Fig. 12 in which micro-wave energy is coupled by loop 27a to the D.C. conductor feeding the sparking plug, whilst preventing D.C. reaching the micro-wave source. Filter 28À2 prevents micro-wave energy reaching the distributer or environment. Such a device may be combined with the sparking plug, Fig. 13 (not shown). Alternatively, Fig. 14 (not shown) the micro-wave power may be coupled to the mixture in the cylinder by a coupling loop device independent of the sparking plug and mounted in the cylinder head adjacent the sparking plug. In a modification Fig. 15, a solid state micro-wave generator 32 is mounted in an adaptor 31 which is screwed into the cylinder head and which receives the sparking plug 101. The coupling loop 102 may be combined with the sparking plug points, Fig. 16 (not shown). The small size of micro-wave solid state devices makes it possible to use a distributer as shown in Fig. 18 (not shown) in which a solid state device 32c is fitted in each quadrant of the distributer and is probe coupled via D.C. block 41 to coaxial cable.