baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1364035-A (GB)
Title: Method for the manufacturing of a zener diode
IPC: H01L29/00
Filed: 1973-02-15
Abstract: 1364035 Zener diodes ITT INDUSTRIES Inc 15 Feb 1973 [18 Feb 1972] 7431/73 Heading H1K A silicon Zener diode comprising a PN junction, the central area of which has a breakdown voltage less than 10 volts and lower than that of the surrounding portion of the junction, is made by diffusing donor impurity into one face of an N-type silicon wafer to produce a zone with a doping concentration between 10<SP>19</SP> atoms/c.c. and the degenerate concentration and then diffusing boron into the wafer to a plane of constant concentration within the donor diffused zone to form the central area of the junction. The wafer may have a resistivity of 10-100 milliohm/cm. due to antimony or phosphorus doping, and antimony contained in a silicon oxide layer is the preferred donor diffusant, though arsenic and phosphorus may be used if the source concentration is suitably controlled. In the preferred embodiment after donor diffusion into the entire surface an oxide mask with an annular aperture is formed on the zone and an acceptor diffused through it to provide a P ring 4 extending through the N+ zone 2. Then the boron is diffused through a mask having an aperture within the outer periphery of the annular aperture to form P + zone 3. In an alternative embodiment the N+ zone is formed by diffusion through a mask. The aperture in this mask is then enlarged and the boron diffused through it.
Patent GB-919210-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to internal combustion engines and a method of operation therefor
IPC: F02M69/00
Filed: 1959-03-04
Abstract: 919,210. Combustion chambers. STUMPFIG F., and BELLWINKEL, C. March 4, 1959 [March 4, 1958], No. 7571/59. Class 7(3) Fuel or rich mixture is introduced into a part-annular evaporation chamber d, open to the main combustion space at each end and through a slot m, in such manner that the fuel is deposited on the outer wall of the chamber, the air entering the chamber d during compression causing the fuel vapour to be concentrated, e.g. at the centre of the chamber where ignition occurs. Air enters the cylinder through an inlet valve e provided with a guide f through which a rich mixture from a carburetter o is guided into the chamber d, the fuel particles being deposited on the outer chamber wall which is kept hot by an air insulating space n so that the fuel evaporates. During compression the air entering the chamber d at each end forces the fuel vapour towards the centre where a spark plug I may be provided. After ignition a stream of burning mixture flows over the outer wall and removes any fuel. remaining thereon.. The fuel may be sprayed directly on to the wall of chamber d or into an air stream entering the chamber so that the particles are deposited on the wall. A raised portion of the piston blocks the aperture m around top dead centre, forcing the combustion products out through the ends of chamber d. Specification 773,583 is referred to.
Patent GB-372469-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in automatic electric switching apparatus
IPC: H05B1/02
Filed: 1932-03-12
Abstract: 372,469. Thermostats. LANDIS ET GYR SOC. ANON., 1, Hofstrasse, Zug, Switzerland. March 12, 1931, No. 7613. Convention date, March 13, 1930. [Class 64 (ii).] A motor-driven switch mechanism 1, e.g. that described ir Specification 292,062, [Class 38 (v), Electric switches &c.], is actu. ated by a thermal switch 16 through an intermediate relay 2. The switch mechanisms 1, 2 each comprise a 2-way switch 3, 4 coacting with c o nductors 5, 6 so as to be switched on alternately. A coil 13 of the intermediate relay 2 is connected to the thermal switch 16 and to a point 19 in the motor circuit. In the position shown it is assumed that owing to excess of temperature, switching off of the main circuit by the motor 22 has just taken place. A fall in temperature then causes the contacts 16, 14 to close and complete the circuit of the coil 13 through the switch arm 12, whereby a step-by-step feed mechanism is actuated to move the arm 12 over to the contact 11. The motor circuit is then closed and the circuit of the coil 13 opened so that the switch of the supply circuit is closed and at the end of the switching operation the contacts 7, 9 are closed and the circuits prepared for the next switching operation. When the maximum temperature is again reached, the thermal switch closes the contacts 16, 15, the relay 2 is energized, and the motor 22 opens the main circuit. A time switch 23 may also be provided, by which at definite times the relay 2 is disconnected from the control by the thermal switch 16 and its circuit is closed through the contact 27 so that a switching operation is started to open the main switch if closed.
Patent GB-583049-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electrically driven vehicles
IPC: B60K1/00
Filed: 1944-04-25
Abstract: 583,049. Motor wheels. MORRISON, A. C., and MORRISON, A. E. April 25, 1944, No. 7677. [Classes 79 (ii) and 79 (iii)] In an electrically driven vehicle wherein the motor is attached to a gear casing and wheel hub, a single stage reduction gear is provided consisting of a pinion on the armature shaft and a gear associated with the wheel hub, the gearing being wholly enclosed in a casing which maintains the centres of the pinion and gear. The casing may act as an oil bath for the transmission. gearing, means being provided for preventing oil from reaching the electric motor. Attached to the fixed axle 1 is a gear casing 12 having a front cover plate 13 and to which is attached the electric motor 8. A pinion 9 is bolted to the armature shaft 10, and meshes with the internal gear 11 bolted to the hub 2, which is rotatably mounted by ball and roller bearings 3, 4 on the fixed axle 1. The casing 12 may be used as an oil bath, leakage of oil to the electric motor being prevented by the flange 18 and disc 20, and to the brake drum 5 by peripheral grooves 22, 24 in the central boss 13a of the fixed cover plate 13. Drain holes 21, 25 are also provided. In Fig. 2 (not shown) the invention is applied to a conventional steerable front wheel. The pinion 9 may be integral with the armature shaft. In a vehicle having a pair of such motorised wheels the motors may be connected in series to produce a differential effect.
Patent GB-526190-A (GB)
Title: Improvements connected with flotation reagents
IPC: B03D1/001
Filed: 1939-03-09
Abstract: 526,190. Flotation reagents. AMERICAN CYANAMID CO. March 9, 1939, No. 7709. Convention date, Aug. 24, 1938. [Class 82 (ii)] [Also in Group III] A readily dispersible flotation reagent in the form of a free-flowing powder comprises thiocarbanilide in finely-divided form, the individual particles of which are coated with a film of a hydrophilic, readily rehydratable protective agent such as hydratable carbohydrate colloids, alcohol slops, lignin sulphonates and saponin-containing materials, e.g., liquorice root and soap bark. Preferably a wetting agent is also present, e.g., soaps, sulphonated alkylnaphthalenes, sulphated esters or esters of sulphosuccinic acid. The compounds may be mixed in the form of a stiff paste and dried at a temperature below that at which the protective agent loses its rehydratable characteristics. Examples describe (1) thiocarbanilide mixed with alcohol slops or molasses (2) finely-divided soap bark and sodium isopropylnaphthalene sulphonate used as protective agents. The product may be dried under vacuum and contains more than 95 per cent. thiocarbanilide. (3) Calcium lignin sulphonate and sodium isopropylnaphthalene sulphate as the protective agents. (4) Liquorice root and soap solution mixed with finely-divided thiocarbanilide.
Patent GB-677997-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to fence electrifying apparatus
IPC: H05C1/02
Filed: 1949-03-22
Abstract: 677,997. Electromagnetic interrupters. COLLINS, L. G. March 22, 1950. [March 22, 1949] No. 7783/49. Class 38 (v). [Also in Group XXXV] An oscillatory switching member in a fence electrifying system comprises an oscillatory moving member 10 which forms part of the magnetic circuit of a transformer comprising primary and secondary windings 3, 4. The oscillatory member 10 is initially biased by means of a spring 21 so that it takes up the position indicated in Fig. 2, the contacts 6, 7 being closed in this position. When a source of direct current is applied to the system the transformer is energized thus urging the member 10 into the position of minimum reluctance, i.e. when the member 10 is normal to the core member 2. The plate 12, rigidly fixed to the oscillatory member 10 is thus carried around taking with it the abutment plate 18 until it engages the tail 20a of an arm 20 which is freely pivoted about a spindle 9. The momentum acquired by the member 10 causes the arms 20 to move and break the contacts 6, 7 thus deenergizing the transformer and allowing the member 10 to travel on until it reaches a position about 300 degrees from the position shown in Fig. 2. This movement takes place against a flat spiral spring which then returns the member 10 to its initial position thereby closing contacts 6, 7 once more and thus cause the cycle of operations to be repeated. In another embodiment the initial spring biased position may be arranged such that the contacts 6, 7 are open in which case a spring-loaded plunger must be used to start the apparatus.
Patent GB-164848-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in draw gear for railway and tramway vehicles
IPC: B61G11/00
Filed: 1920-03-16
Abstract: 164,848. Thorpe, A. N., and Hooper, G. G. March 16, 1920. Combined buffer and draw-gear.-The connection of the draw-bar to the vehicle is made through a ball-and-socket joint combined with one spring so that in draught or buffing the draw-bar is free to move in either a vertical or horizontal direction, but when at rest is free to move in an horizontal direction only, the vertical movement being made against the action of a spring. Segments 2, 2, separated by a spring 3 under compression on the draw-bar 1, are mounted in a casing 4, 4 secured to the vehicle and have internal faces corresponding to the curvature of the segments 2, 2. The radius of each segment 2, 2, lying in an horizontal plane is greater than the radius lying in a vertical plane, the horizontal sections of the segments 2,. 2 'having their arcs 8 struck from a common centre which is the centre of the casing 4, 4. When a pull or thrust is on the bar 1, one segment is withdrawn from its seating and free movement of the bar in either a vertical or horizontal direction can take place. When at rest, the bar 1 can move freely in the horizontal direction but if moved in a vertical direction, the segments tend to close together and compress the spring 3. In the event of the spring 3 not being sufficiently strong to centralize the bar 1, the spring-operated guide 5 retains it in the horizontal position.
Patent GB-821886-A (GB)
Title: Watertight wrist-watch case
IPC: G04B37/08
Filed: 1957-03-08
Abstract: 821,886. Watches. STILA S. A. March 8, 1957 [March 10, 1956], No. 7821/57. Class 139 In a watchcase the movement 1, Fig. 1, is supported by an enlargement ring 2 fixed to the part 3 which is snap-fitted at 17, 18 within the combined back and caseband 15. The glass 7 is held within a groove 5 of the part 3 by a ring 8 which abuts the dial 9. A crown 11 is fixed to the winding and setting stem 4 which extends through a sleeve 10 in a bore in the part 3 and through a slot in the part 15. The sleeve 10 may be omitted. A plastic gasket 14 is located below the stem 4 in a groove in either of the parts 3 or 5 and engages a conical surface 19 on the other part 5 or 3. The strap attachment lugs 16, Fig. 2, extend from the part 15. If the part 15 is of gold, a gold bezel Fig. 5 (not shown) may be attached thereto and the glass receiving groove may be external of the part 3, Fig. 4. A gold ring 25 may as shown be located on the shoulder 26. In an example comprising an alarm watch, Fig. 6, the watch-case is similar to that of Fig. 1, but the back 28 is made thinner and carries a stud 30 which is repeatedly struck by the alarm hammer (not shown). An additional back 31 having openings 32 is snap fitted to the back 28.
Patent GB-330579-A (GB)
Title: Process for the manufacture of water soluble leuco esters of vat dyestuffs
IPC: C09B9/00
Filed: 1929-03-11
Abstract: 330,579. Carpmael, A., (I. G. Farbenindustrie Akt.-Ges.). March 11, 1929. Addition to 324,119. Leuco compounds of vat dyes, esters of.- Leuco compounds of vat dyes are converted into water-soluble derivatives, which are probably carboxylic esters containing free sulphonic groups, by treating them with a benzoic acid sulphohalide in the presence of a tertiary base. The products, like those of the parent Specification, are saponified not only by acids but also by alkalies, yielding, in the latter case, vats which can be used directly for dyeing purposes. In examples, products are, obtained from thioindigo, N-dihydro-1 : 2 : 2<1> : 11-anthraquinoneazine, and Caledon jade green, by converting them into the leuco compounds and treating the latter with benzoic acid m-sulphochloride in the presence of pyridine. Other benzoic acid sulphohalides may be used, such as the p-sulphochloride, and the m- and p-sulphobromides; indigoid dyes are also specified as parent materials. Specification 186,057 also is referred to.
Patent GB-555752-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in chucks or the like
IPC: B23B31/28
Filed: 1942-06-11
Abstract: 555,752. Electromagnetic switches. WARNER & SWASEY CO. June 11, 1942, No. 7999. Convention date, June 7, 1941. [Class 38 (v)] [Also in Groups XXII and XXIV] Fig. 20 shows an arrangement of electrical control whereby a motor may be stopped when an adjustable load due to tightening a chuck is reached so that the chuck may be set to grip comparatively fragile articles without damage as well as heavy articles without slip and in each case without the necessity of employing a starting motor. A hand operated reversing switch 111 is set so that the automatic switch 112 drives the motor in the tightening direction and the switch 113 in the releasing direction according to whether the chuck is gripping externally or internally. Press button switches 114, 115 start up the motor in tightening and release directions respectively. On closing the switch 114 a circuit is completed through the normally closed switch 116 to energise the coil 131 and close the switch 112. The current surge on starting is prevented from operating the overload relay 117 by means of the series coil 122 in one of the motor phases by a latch 123, controlled by a shunt coil 125 of high resistance and self induction so that the coil 125 does not build up sufficient field to release the latch till the surge has passed. The armature 118 of the relay is pivoted to the magnet core and has its air gap adjusted at 119 and is spring loaded at 120 with adjustment at 121. When chucking is completed the use of current causes attraction of the now free armature closing a switch 126 energising a coil 127 to remove a detent 128 and permit the switch 116 to open, stopping the motor even though the switch 114 be still held closed. Closing the switch 115 to release the chuck energises the coil 130 closing the switch 116 and altering a spring to reset the detent 128. The motor continues to run in reverse as long as the switch 115 is held closed. In a modified form of relay the spring 120 is dispensed with.
Patent GB-1045019-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to uranium alloys
IPC: G21C3/60
Filed: 1964-02-26
Abstract: A quaternary alloy of U with 0.1-0.4% total of Cr, Si and Zr has the following minima for the alloying elements:- .Cr.0.02% .Si.0.02% .Zr.0.01% On cooling at the rate of 3-80 DEG C per minute from the casting temperature the alloy gives a fine grain structure.
Patent GB-1371700-A (GB)
Title: Method of purifying propylene oxide
IPC: C07D301/32
Filed: 1972-02-22
Abstract: 1371700 Purifying propylene oxide BADISCHE ANILIN- & SODA-FABRIK AG 22 Feb 1972 [25 Feb 1971] 8032/72 Heading C2C Propylene oxide containing as impurities one or more C 5  to C 7  hydrocarbons, methyl formate and/or one or more carbonyl compounds is purified by extractive distillation using an aqueous alkaline solution as extracting agent, wherein (a) the crude propylene oxide is subjected in a first stage, to extractive distillation in which, by weight, from 2 to 20 parts of aqueous alkaline solution pass continuously downwards through a column per part of propylene oxide passed upwards therethrough, the concentration of said solution being such that the pH of the bottoms is from 7 to 11 and (b) the bottoms obtained in the-first stage and containing prepurified propylene oxide are subjected in a second stage either (b 1 ) to extractive distillation in which by weight, from 1À5 to 6À5 parts of aqueous alkaline solution flow counter-currently to propylene oxide down through the column per part of propylene oxide fed to the first stage, the concentration of said solution being such that the pH of the bottoms is from 7 to 11, the purified propylene oxide being recovered as overheads, or (b 2 ) in cases where it is not necessary to remove carbonyl compounds, to fractional distillation, propylene oxide being recovered as distillate. The aqueous alkaline solution may be caustic soda, caustic potash or milk of lime solution.
Patent GB-493267-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to sleeping bags
IPC: A47G9/06
Filed: 1938-03-15
Abstract: 493,267. Sleeping-garments. KULCZYCKI, J. March 15, 1938, No. 8052. [Class 141] [Also in Group XVII] A sleeping-bag is composed of pentagonal front and back portions, the front part being provided with a slit 9 extending from the apex 5 of the top edge to a point 10 from <2>/3rds to <4>/5 ths of the distance towards the foot part, the slit being closable for part of its length by a sliding-clasp fastener or by means of buttons &c. Buttons and buttonholes 11 to 13, provided at the top of the bag at either side of the slit 9 and on the front and back portions respectively, enable the top part of the bag to be transformed into various forms of hood or collar. The bag may serve as a covering garment for use in a sitting position.
Patent GB-725716-A (GB)
Title: Process for the manufacture of containers of the bulb and neck type for storing gases under high pressure
IPC: B21D51/24
Filed: 1953-03-24
Abstract: 725,716. Making pressure gas containers. MANNESMANN AKT.-GES. March 24, 1953 [April 15, 1952], No. 8125/53. Class 83 (2). A pressure gas container having a plurality of bulbs or spheres arranged in series and connected by intermediate neck portions is made by the following steps: a tube whose diameter is about <SP>1</SP>/5 to <SP>1</SP>/ 3  greater than the diameter of the neck portions, about half as large as the maximum diameter of the spheres and about 1.3 to 1.8 times the length of the finished container, is reduced by rolling to form the neck portions which have an increased wall thickness ; the tube is then heated, inserted in a die and inflated by pressure gas so as to expand the portions between the necks to form the spheres; during the inflation the workpiece is subjected to axial compression.
Patent GB-977276-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to closures for containers and methods of forming such closures
Inventor: ERICSON SWEN HAROLD
IPC: B21D51/38
Filed: 1963-02-28
Abstract: 977,276. Assembling container closures; jointing. AMERICAN FLANGE & MANUFACTURING CO. Inc. Feb. 28, 1963, No. 8174/63. Headings B3A and B3Q. [Also in Division B8] A shallow cupped sheet steel closure member 2 comprises an inside wall 4 and a beaded outside wall 6 flanged at 8 which form an annular channel 7 which is filled with a gasket 9, preferably a fluid gasket compound which subsequently sets. The member 2 is supported by a magnet 16 seated in the end face of a conical actuating spindle 17 of a crimping tool which also comprises an anvil 23 in which a plurality of radially slidable members 20 are positioned and to which are attached a plurality of segmental expanding jaws 19. The tool located within a vacuum chamber, is lowered so that the closure channel 7 engages a cylindrical neck portion 13, e.g. 6 inches in diameter, formed about an opening in a container wall and compresses the gasket therein to ensure a positive seal until the flange 8 contacts an annular inclined face 12. The spindle 17 is raised to radially expand the jaws 19, the projecting portions 21 of which expand and incline the wall 4 of the closure beneath the inclined face 12 of the container. The walls 4, 6 and neck 13 are also outwardly inclined between the jaws and the annular face 27 of the anvil. A small closure member may be fitted within the base 3 of the member 2.
Patent GB-607671-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to band or hose clips
IPC: F16L33/08
Filed: 1945-03-15
Abstract: 607,671. Band clips. O'SHEI, W. E. March 15, 1945, No. 8198/46. Divided out of 6469/45. [Class 44] In a band-clip of the kind in which one end of the band is formed with serrations or partthreads adapted to be engaged by a screw carried by the other end of the band, the teeth or serrations extend across or partly across the band at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the latter which is less than the helix angle of the thread of the screw. Preferably the teeth are at right angles to the axis. On tightening the teeth become formed to the angle of the thread. Preferably the teeth are formed slightly to one side of the centre line of the band. The screw may be mounted in a fixed housing, as described in Specification 203,262, [Class 44], or in a pivoted trunnion housing as described in Specification 602,458. The teeth may be formed by a pressing operation, as described in Specification 607,595.
Patent GB-1196455-A (GB)
Title: Process for the Recovery of Pilosine and Isopilosine from the Leaves of the Jaborandi Microphylus
IPC: C07D405/06
Filed: 1967-06-28
Abstract: 1,196,455. Pilosine compounds. PLANTEX Ltd. 28 June, 1967 [3 July, 1966], No. 8444/69. Divided out of 1,196,454. Heading C2C. Pilosine and isopilosine are recovered in a process which comprises dissolving the extract residue prepared from the leaves of Jaborandi Miorophylus in acetone containing sufficient hydrochloric acid until the pH of the solution becomes substantially 5; cooling the solution to a temperature sufficient to crystallize pilocarpine hydrochloride, and removing the crystallizate; evaporating the mother liquor to dryness, dissolving the residue in acetone containing nitric acid, cooling the solution to a temperature sufficient to crystallize isopilocarpine nitrate and removing the crystallizate; alkalifying the mother liquor to a pH between 7.5 and 8 and extracting said mother liquor with a halogenated hydrocarbon solvent, removing the solvent from the separated extract by evaporation, dissolving the residue in an organic polar solvent and crystallizing from said organic polar solvent a mixture of pilosine and isopilosine. Purification of the mixture may be effected by crystallization and active carbon. The purified mixture, if desired, may be dissolved in aqueous alkali metal hydroxide, heated to substantially 100‹ C., acidulated to substantially 1, again heated to substantially 100‹ C., cooled and the pH adjusted to 7À2-7À8 thereby to isomerize the pilosine to isopilosine and the isopilosine crystallized from the solution.