Patent GB-913790-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in dietary supplements
IPC: A23L1/305
Filed: 1961-03-09
Abstract: A human or animal dietary supplement for use with a fixed diet comprises a mixture of essential amino acids in nutritionally available form and in such proportions that the daily consumption of a unit quantity of the supplement will bring the relative proportions of at least the first three limiting amino acids of the fixed diet into conformity with the respective proportions of these limiting amino acids in the fasting plasma of the recipient of the diet.  The amino acids in the fasting plasma are those in the plasma of pooled samples of blood from a homogeneous group of the animals 18 hours after they have eaten.  The supplement may be advantageously used with cereal grains in animal feed to conserve the available protein. Corn, cottonseed, soybean, peanut, sesame and sunflower meals, alfalfa, casein, milk, wheat, gluten and gelatin are referred to as protein sources.  The first limiting amino acid is that present in the basic diet in the smallest proportion relative to that of the same amino acid in the fasting plasma; the diet is supplemented to the extent that the total proportion of this first limiting amino acid will balance the proportion of the second limiting amino acid, and, this achieved, supplementing with both the first and second limiting amino acids follows in quantity sufficient to balance the proportion of the third limiting amino acid.  The concept is illustrated by progressive improvement of feed efficiency for laboratory rats, after ascertaining the rats' fasting plasma concentrations of arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine with cystine, phenylalanine with tyrosine, threonine, tryptophan and valine, by feeding the animals peanut meal of known concentrations of these amino acids, the meal being supplemented first by L- (+) lysine monohydrochloride and then by tryptophan and threonine with further lysine.  An example is of rendering corn meal feed for chickens more efficient by supplementing it with lysine hydrochloride, threonine and arginine hydrochloride after determination of the amino acid concentrations in fasting chicken plasma.  Another example is of enritching casein for human feeding, e.g. feeding of premature infants, by addition of lysine hydrochloride, methionine, threonine, tryptophan and valine, knowing the concentrations of isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, theonine, tryptophan and valine in starving human plasma.  A further example is of a sterile aqueous solution, for intravenous human feeding, of a formulation, based upon the amino acid concentrations in starving human plasma, of isoleucine, leucine, lysine, hydrochloride, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine and arginine hydrochloride, which solution may include alcohol and/or dextrose.ALSO:A human or animal dietary supplement for use with a fixed diet comprises a mixture of essential amino acids in nutritionally available form and in such proportions that the daily consumption of a unit quantity of the supplement will bring the relative proportions of at least the first three limiting amino acids in the fixed die into conformity with the respective proportions of these limiting amino acids in the fasting plasma of the recipient of the diet.  The amino acids in the fasting plasma are those in the plasma of pooled samples of blood from a homogeneous group of the animals 18 hours after they have eaten.  The supplement may advantageously be used with cereal grains in animal feed to conserve the available protein.  Corn, cottonseed, soybean, peanut, sesame and sunflower meals, alfalfa, casein, milk, wheat gluten and gelatin are referred to as protein sources.  The first limiting amino acid is that present in the basic diet in the smallest proportion relative to that of the same amino acid in the fasting plasma; the diet is supplemented to the extent that the total proportion of this first limiting amino acid will balance the proportion of the second limiting amino acid, and, this achieved, supplementing with both the first and second limiting amino acids follows in quantity sufficient to balance the proportion of the third limiting amino acid.  The concept is illustrated by progressive improvement of feed efficiency for laboratory rats, after ascertaining the rats' fasting plasma concentrations of arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine with cystine, phenylalanine with tyrosine, threonine, tryptophan and valine, by feeding the animals peanut meal of known concentrations of these amino acids, the meal being supplemented first by L - (+) lysine monohydrochloride and then by tryptophan and threonine with further lysine.  An example is of rendering corn meal feed for chickens more efficient by supplementing it with lysine hydrochloride, threonine and arginine hydrochloride after determination of the amino acid concentrations in fasting chicken plasma.  Another example is of enriching casein for human feeding, e.g. feeding of premature infants, by addition of lysine hydrochloride, methionine, threonine, tryptophan and valine, knowing the concentrations of isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan and valine in starving human plasma.  A further example is of a sterile aqueous solution, for intravenous human feeding, of a formulation, based upon the amino acid concentrations in starving human plasma, of isoleucine, leucine, lysine hydrochloride, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine and arginine hydrochloride, which solution may include alcohol and/or dextrose.