baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent PL-163303-B1 (PL)
Title: Unfoldable container, especially box for bottles
Inventor: UMIKER HANS
IPC: B65D/
Filed: 1990-03-28
Abstract: In a divisible container, especially a bottle crate, with carrying handles (6, 7), in which the crate halves (3, 4) or parts can be locked and unlocked by carrying handles (6, 7) which act on locking elements (10a, 10b, 11) of the crate which can engage in one another, the crate has relatively displaceable carrying handles for unlocking and locking. Of these carrying handles, one carrying handle is preferably assigned to each crate half or each crate part. The unlocking and locking of the crate halves (3, 4) or parts is effected by a displacement movement of the carrying handles (6, 7). 
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Patent PL-164093-B1 (PL)
Title: Device for shaping mats from dispersed chips or fibrous materials coated with glue, as a semi-product in the process of manufacturing press-plates
Inventor: WIESINGER JOSEF
IPC: B27N1/02
Filed: 1990-11-26
Abstract: A device for laying mats of fibrous material impregnated with a binding agent for the production of fibre boards or similar products is disclosed, having a binding-agent applicator (33), conveying means (9; 34, 35, 36), adjacent to the outlet of the binding-agent applicator, for the pourable material impregnated with a binding agent, at least one metering hopper (2, 3) for the material impregnated with a binding agent, at least one laying chamber (4, 5), the base of which forms a conveyor belt (6) running to a platen press (8), and at least one air nozzle (29) opening out into the laying chamber and supplied with compressed air from a ventilator (28). The ventilators (28) are connected by their suction side (37) to a source delivering moist air, so that the moisture content of the pourable material impregnated with a binding agent can be kept at a preset value and drying-out can be prevented. <IMAGE>
Patent PL-165558-B1 (PL)
Inventor: PAWLOWSKI JANUSZ
IPC: B65D81/02
Filed: 1991-01-24
Abstract: 1. Pneumatyczne opakowanie ochronne,
znamienne tym, że stanowi karton o sztywnych
ścianach (1), połączonych ze sobą za pomocą
elastycznych przegubów (2) i zespolonych po
swej wewnętrznej stronie z woreczkami (3)
hermetycznie zamkniętymi i tworzącymi
komorę powietrzną (4), której ścianki są
dodatkowo zespolone punktowymi lub linijnymi
spoinami (5), przy czym każda komora
powietrzna (4) zaopatrzona jest w wentyl (6).
2. Pneumatyczne opakowanie ochronne,
znamienne tym, że stanowi samodzielną, dwuścienną,
elastyczną i hermetyczną powłokę,
zawierającą w sobie komorę powietrzną (4),
której ściany zespolone są ze sobą punktowymi
lub linijnymi spoinami (5), przy czym komora
powietrzna (4) powłoki zaopatrzona jest w
wentyl (6).
Patent PL-168474-B1 (PL)
Title: Method of coding a digital sound signal
Inventor: AKAGIRI KENZO
IPC: H03M7/30
Filed: 1992-03-27
Abstract: An apparatus for highly efficiently encoding digital signals by converting input digital signals into signals on a frequency axis in a blocked form, and encoding the input digital signals with a suitable number of assignment bits for each of said blocks to transmit them, wherein the input digital signals are subjected to the orthogonal conversion and are divided by a critical band, encoded with a suitable number of assignment bits based on an allowable noise level, and are subjected to the floating processing. When the floating processing is to be carried out by a plurality of small blocks of a band narrower than the critical band, information of word length of a small block is transmitted out of the small blocks in the critical bands, in order to reduce the bit number for the word length and to compress the bits. Moreover, when the floating processing is to be carried out by small blocks of bands narrower than the critical bands, allowable noise level and information of word length of a small block are transmitted for each of the critical bands instead of transmitting the floating coefficient for each of the critical bands, in order to decrease the number of transmission bits and to highly compress the bits. When the floating processing is to be carried out by small blocks of bands narrower than the critical bands, furthermore, information of a word length corresponding to the number of assignment bits is transmitted, and information related to allowable noise level whose designated range is deviated toward the lower side from the signal level range within the critical band by a predetermined amount of level, is obtained through a quantization table and is transmitted instead of transmitting the floating coefficient, in order to more highly compress the bits. <IMAGE>
Patent PL-169297-B1 (PL)
Inventor: ZADERNOWSKI RYSZARD
IPC: B02B3/02
Filed: 1993-03-31
Abstract: Obłuskiwaczdo nasion drobnych składający
się z pionowego wału napędowego, osadZonego
na nim wirnika łopatkowego i silnika
elektrycznego, znamienny tym, że na górnym
czopie wału napędowego (2), w komorze (8)
zamocowana jest płaska tarcza (3) z nakładkami
(4)skarawającymi, a nad tarczą (3) znajduje
się pokrywa (9) przymocowana przesuwnie do
komory (8).
Patent PL-170550-B1 (PL)
Title: Plastizole composition
Inventor: RUCH KLAUS
IPC: H01L23/10
Filed: 1991-10-31
Abstract: Plastisol compsns. (I) are claimed, based on styrene copolymers (II), plasticisers (III) and inorganic fillers. (II) are copolymers produced by emulsion polymerisation, contg. (A) styrene, alpha-methylstyrene and/or p-methylstyrene and (B) 3-20 wt.% (meth)acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid. - The styrene component of (II) contains up to 45 wt.% (w.r.t. styrene) butadiene, isoprene, piperylene and/or other rubber-forming comonomer, part of component (B) is replaced by methyl (meth)acrylate or (meth)acrylamide, and (II) contains 5-10 wt.% comonomer (B); (II) is in the form of powder with mean prim. particle size 0.3-1.5 microns and mean sec. particle size below 100 microns, and the copolymer has a core-shell structure with the polar gps. mainly on the outside; (I) also contain crosslinkers for (II) which react at the gelling temp., pref. long-chain epoxy cpds., epoxidised polybutadiene, epoxidised natural oils, di- or poly- OH-functional polyethylene or polypropylene glycols or copolymers thereof, OH-functional polybutadienes or SH-terminated liq. polymers; (I) also contain catalysts, pref. substd. imidazoles, tert. amines, tetramethylenediamine, urea derivs., alkylbenzenesulphonic acids or titanates, together with glycidyl (meth)acrylate as a further comonomer, and di- or poly-amines, di- or poly-carboxylic acids or mercapto cpds. to crosslink the epoxide gps.; (I) also contain, dissolved in (III), small amts. of polyurethane-formers, i.e. isocyanate prepolymers (IV) and (cyclo)aliphatic diamines, which react at gelling temp. to form PU; pref., (IV) have blocked NCO gps., and (I) contains up to 30 wt.% (IV) and up to 5 wt.% low-mol. wt. (cyclo)aliphatic diamine (mol. wt. about 500) or up to 30 wt.% high-mol. wt. diamine; (I) also contain up to 700 pts. wt. inert fillers pr 100 pts. wt. (II).
Patent PL-170749-B1 (PL)
Title: Method of obtaining novel derivatives of 1,3-dihydro-2h(4,5-b)quinolin imidazone-2
Inventor: FREYNE EDDY J E
IPC: C07D401/12
Filed: 1992-10-27
Abstract: Novel 1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazoÄ4,5-bÜquinolin-2-one derivatives of formula <CHEM> wherein R is hydrogen, C<5> PI 1/4 alkyl, C<7> PI 1/4 cycloalkyl, phenyl optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents each independently selected from halo, hydroxy, C<5> PI 1/4 alkyloxy, C psi  PI 1/4 cycloalkyloxy, C<5> PI 1/4 alkyl or trifluoromethyl; pyridinyl; thienyl optionally substituted with halo or C<5> PI 1/4 alkyl; and     +C=X is a radical of formula    +C=O   (a),    +C=N-O-R<1>   (b), or    +C=CH-R<2>   (c);   the pharmaceutically acceptable addition salts and stereochemically isomeric forms thereof, said compounds being potent inhibitors of both phosphodiesterase III and IV, which are useful in the treatment of allergic disorders, atopic diseases and related afflictions. Intermediates in the preparation thereof. Pharmaceutical compositions containing said compounds as an active ingredient. Methods of preparing said compounds and pharmaceutical compositions.
Patent PL-174120-B1 (PL)
Inventor: WOWK JOZEF
IPC: F16K15/06
Filed: 1994-05-23
Abstract: Zespół zamykający zaworu grzybkowego,
zwłaszcza zaworu grzybkowego zwrotnego
zawierający trzpień połączony z
grzybkiem, siedlisko oraz sprężynę dociskową
grzybka, znamienny tym, że trzpień stanowi
element sprężysty (1), korzystnie w
postaci drutu sprężynowego połączony
sztywno z grzybkiem (2), przy czym element
sprężysty (1) ma ugięcie w granicach swojej
sprężystości o kąt większy niż maksymalna
odchyłka błędu położenia równoległości
przylgi grzybka (2) do gniazda siedliska (4).
Patent PL-176179-B1 (PL)
Title: Notching and clamping contact element
Inventor: JANCZAK ANDRZEJ
IPC: H01R43/16
Filed: 1995-01-27
Abstract: The electrical blade contact element is produced as a metal pressing from thin sheet material. The contact is produced with a narrow centre slot (4) that has a width marginally smaller than the diameter of the wire core (7). The general form of the unit is `U' shaped such that the insulated core can be pressed into the slot from the open end. The arms deflect slightly and the insulation is penetrated to make contact with the wire. An alternative version has the end edge, but with sufficient space to insert the wire. A number of variations are possible.
Patent PL-183018-B1 (PL)
Inventor: BEDNARSKI ALFRED
IPC: C10M169/04
Filed: 1996-08-08
Abstract: Olej smarowy, znamienny tym, że składa się z 60 do 90% masowych rafinowanego furfurolem, odparafinowanego
rozpuszczalnikowo i dorafinowanego wodorem destylatu pózniowego o temperaturze wrzenia
w granicach 310 do 540°C w przeliczeniu na ciśnienie normalne otrzymanego z rozdestylowania parafinowej
ropy naftowej charakteryzującego się lepkościąkinematyczną50 do 130 mn?/s w temperaturze 40°C i wskaźnikiem
lepkości powyżej 90, pozostałościąpo koksowaniu poniżej 0,07% i zawartościążywicponiżej 3,5%,
5 do 40 procent masowych odasfaltowanej propanem, rafinowanej furfurolem, odparafinowanej rozpuszczalnikowo
i dorafinowanej wodorem pozostałości próżniowej o temperaturze wrzeniapowyżej 500°C w przeliczeniu
na ciśnienie normalne, otrzymanej z rozdestylowania parafinowej ropy naftowej charakteryzującej się lepkością
450 do 670 mm//sw temperaturze 40°C, wskaźnikiem lepkości powyżej 90, pozostałościąpo koksowaniu poniżej
0,6% i zawartością żywic poniżej 4,0%, 0,5 do 2,5% masowych dodatku siarkowo-fosforowego zawierającego
12 do 25% siarki i 1,5 do 2,3% fosforu, 0,03 do 0,5% masowych alkoholu alifatycznego zawierającego
10 do 18, korzystnie 12 do 14 atomów węgla w cząsteczce, 0,001 do 0,006% masowych polimetylo - siloksanu
o lepkości kinematycznej 220 do 450 mmvs w temperaturze 20°C.
Patent PL-178684-B1 (PL)
Title: Method of and apparatus for heating asphalt surface
Inventor: WILEY PATRICK C
IPC: E01C23/14
Filed: 1995-09-01
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/CA95/00505 Sec. 371 Date Feb. 27, 1997 Sec. 102(e) Date Feb. 27, 1997 PCT Filed Sep. 1, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO96/07794 PCT Pub. Date Mar. 14, 1996A process for heating an asphalt surface and an apparatus therefor. The process comprises the steps of: igniting in a burner (30) a combustible mixture comprised of a fuel (50) and oxygen (60) to produce a hot gas; and feeding the hot gas to an enclosure having a radiative face (200) disposed above the asphalt surface (280). The asphalt surface heating apparatus comprises a hot gas producing burner (30) and an enclosure (25) comprising an inlet (120) for receiving hot gas from the burner and a radiative face (200) having a plurality of apertures. The apertures in the radiative face are of a dimension such that the hot gas: (i) heats the radiative face to provide radiation heat transfer to the asphalt surface; and (ii) passes through the apertures to provide convection heat transfer to the asphalt surface.
Patent PL-184129-B1 (PL)
Title: Method of and apparatus for reducing abrasive wear of frictionally engaging wheels
Inventor: GUSE ANDREAS
IPC: E21F13/02
Filed: 1997-09-12
Abstract: Wear is reduced by continuously adjusting the contact pressure of the friction wheels (40) on the rail (11). It is adjusted according to a stored programme curve of permissible friction wheel contact pressure per specific velocity. The velocity of the transportation system (1) is constantly measured. The velocity specific contact pressure adjustment also depends on the rail gradient and on the transportation system mass. The speed of the friction wheels and the system momentary velocity are determined. They are compared and the contact pressure is increased if the speed is too high.  The system drive unit (3) contains a velocity sensor and device (43) providing contact pressure, coupled to the stored programme control. A gradient detector, measuring element (48) for detecting downward drift force and speed counter for motor speed are coupled to the control device.
Patent PL-184508-B1 (PL)
Inventor: MIERNIK LECH
IPC: F27B14/00
Filed: 1998-08-17
Abstract: 1. Piec grzewczy, a zwłaszcza piec tyglowy, zaopatrzony
w trzon wykonany z ażurowych kształtek
ceramicznych, zewnętrznej warstwy betonu izolacyjnego,
konstrukcji wsporczej, urządzeń grzewczych,
znamienny tym, że ma przenośny korpus (1) zaopatrzony
w pierścieniowy kołnierz wzmacniający (19)
z utworzoną w nim niszą nośną (20) pokrywy zamykającej
(21), który w przekroju poprzecznym ma kształt
łączonego wieloboku (2), którego boki (3) mają wyłożenie
izolacyjne (15), korzystnie, w postaci włóknistych
modułów izolacyjnych (16) przytwierdzonych
poprzez warstwę pośrednią (17) progowymi uchwytami
izolacyjnymi (18), przy czym boki (3) są wzajemnie
połączone uformowanymi kołnierzami (4), a pokrywa
zamykająca (21) zaopatrzona w izolacyjną warstwę
(22) ma punktowe stopy nośne (23).
Patent PL-190997-B1 (PL)
Title: Modular face-plate assembly with hidden fixing elements
Inventor: MAKWINSKI MARK W
IPC: H02G3/14
Filed: 1998-02-20
Abstract: A modular faceplate assembly (10) having a faceplate (12) and at least one modular panel (14) received and supported within a frontal opening (22) in the faceplate and releasably secured to the faceplate by concealed latches (16) hingedly connected to the modular panel rearward of the faceplate for flexure between latching and releasing positions relative to keepers (19) carried by the faceplate and resiliently biased to the latching positions. When the latches are in latching positions latch operators (44) carried by the latches form closures for latch operating apertures (17) opening through the frontal surface of the faceplate assembly. Cam surfaces (50) on the latch operators facilitate operation of the latches to release the panel from the faceplate in response to insertion of an operating tool into the latch operating apertures.
Patent PL-187627-B1 (PL)
Title: Laminate for plain bearings with lead-free bearing surface
Inventor: HUHNE HANS-ULRICH
IPC: C25D3/60
Filed: 1998-12-04
Abstract: A composite plain bearing material has an electroplated sliding layer of a tin-copper-cobalt alloy. A composite plain bearing material consists of a backing layer, a bearing metal layer of a copper alloy (50-95 wt.% Cu) or an aluminum alloy (60-95 wt.% Al), a diffusion barrier layer and an electroplated sliding layer of a lead-free tin-copper alloy which contains 8-30 wt.% Cu, 60-97 wt.% Sn and 0.5-10 wt.% Co.
Patent PL-192792-B1 (PL)
Inventor: GRONOWSKA IRENA
IPC: G11C11/42
Filed: 2001-06-07
Abstract: 1. Układ do nanoszenia kodu paskowego zawierający
laser wysyłający wiązkę świetlną na
produkt kodowany oraz układ sterujący wiązką
laserową, znamienny tym, że układ sterujący
stanowi źródło wiązki modulującej (l) padającej
wraz z wiązką modulowaną dj) na modulator (K),
który jest elementem o nieliniowości optycznej
trzeciego rzędu i usytuowany jest na drodze
wiązki świetlnej przed deflektorem (Df), za którym
jest produkt kodowany (PK)
Patent PL-198120-B1 (PL)
Inventor: STAFIEJ ANDRZEJ
IPC: A63B69/18
Filed: 2001-06-12
Abstract: 1. Urządzenie do treningu narciarskiego i rehabilitacji
posiadające podstawę ramową zaopatrzoną w zespół
napędowy sprzężony mechanicznie z wałem napędowym
przednim i tylnym, oraz w zespół jezdny wyposażony
w rolki obrotowe przysłonięte matą z włosiem, którego
płaszczyzna górna usytuowana jest pod kątem ostrym
w stosunku do płaszczyzny dolnej podstawy urządzenia,
mający możliwość zmiany swego położenia w płaszczyźnie
pionowej, znamienne tym, że ma zespół zjazdowy (21)
posiadający układ rolek obrotowych (24) ułożyskowanych
w obejmach zewnętrznych (19 i 20) oraz w belce środkowej (25)
tak, że ich osie obrotu leżą w jednej płaszczyźnie
o zarysie łukowym, przy czym belka środkowa (25) podparta
jest na swych końcach amortyzatorami (26), a końce
obejm zewnętrznych (19 i 20) połączone są przegubowo
z jednej strony z korbowodami krótszymi (17 i 18) o zmiennej
ich długości, a z drugiej strony z korbowodami dłuższymi
(22 i 23) o zmiennej ich długości, których drugie końce
połączone są obrotowo z odpowiednimi tarczami kół przekładni
(12, 13, 14 i 15) osadzonych na wale napędowym
przednim (10) i wale napędowym tylnym (11), a ponadto
obejmy zewnętrzne (19 i 20) połączone są przegubowo
z wahaczami (33 i 34) połączonymi z siłownikami (35) zamocowanymi
w podstawie ramowej (1) urządzenia, natomiast na
bieżni (29) zespołu zjazdowego (21) w postaci pasa z włosiem
opasującego łukowo rolkę napędową górną (31) i rolkę ...
Patent PL-198596-B1 (PL)
Inventor: WIRPSZA ZYGMUNT
IPC: C07D273/01
Filed: 2001-09-17
Abstract: 1. Sposób wytwarzania 1-N-3,5-dioksano- wych pochodnych melaminy, znamienny tym, ze roztwór wodny od 8 do 10, korzystnie 9 mol (270 g) formaldehydu w postaci formaliny mie- sza si e z 1 mol (126 g) melaminy, ogrzewa do temperatury od 60 do 100, korzystnie 80°C i utrzymuje w tej temperaturze a z do wytr acenia sie nie mniej ni z 308 g osadu lub do zaniku co najmniej 90% formaldehydu, daj acego si e oznaczy c metod a siarczynow a, po czym tak otrzymany sta ly produkt oddziela od ciek lej pozosta lo sci i suszy znanymi sposobami. PL PL
Patent PL-199838-B1 (PL)
Title: Improved tamper-evident form
Inventor: SCHEGGETMAN BERNARD WILLEM WIM
IPC: B42D15/00
Filed: 2000-03-14
Abstract: Confidential information is printed on an upper transparent laminate. A scrambling pattern is associated with a lower laminate. The upper surface of the lower laminate and the lower surface of the upper laminate are complementary in shape such that the upper laminate appears transparent, but alters to appear translucent when separated from the lower laminate. This provides a tamper-evident mechanism for indicating separation of the laminates.
Patent PL-200254-B1 (PL)
Title: Group of at least two windmills
Inventor: HERBST MANFRED
IPC: F03D9/25
Filed: 2001-01-25
Abstract: A group of at least two windmills (1) respectively consisting of a rotor (6) provided with blades (9) whose position can be adjusted for optimum wind usage and which are used to convert wind energy into rotational energy, and also comprising a generator (4) to which the rotational energy of the rotor (6) can be transferred  and by means of which the rotational energy transferred thereto can be converted into electric power. The generator of each windmill (1) in each group is embodied as an a synchronous generator (4) or as an asynchronous cage-generator and the synchronous generators (4) or asynchronous cage-generators of the windmills (1) of each group are coupled to each other according to the electric wave principle.
Patent PL-218432-B1 (PL)
Title: Selective heteroaryloxy−acetamide−based herbicides
Inventor: FEUCHT DIETER
IPC: A01P13/02
Filed: 2001-05-09
Abstract: The invention relates to novel herbicidal, synergistic active agent combinations which consist of heteroaryloxy acetamides and known herbicidal compounds and/or safeners as listed in the description and which can be used particularly effectively for selective weed control in various crop cultures.
Patent PL-202970-B1 (PL)
Title: Combined railway/road transport car comprising two end platforms supporting a pivoting railway structure bearing the road car load
Inventor: LOHR ROBERT
IPC: B61D3/18
Filed: 2001-06-20
Abstract: The invention concerns a combined railway/road transport car comprising a pivoting railway structure bearing (6) the road car load detachably assembled by its ends to two end platforms (2) and (3). The invention is characterised by a detachable and locking assembly transmitting all the loads between the carrier structure (6) and the en platforms (2) and (3), by at least a lifting means and at least a pivoting means of the carrier structure co-operating with a support and running track present on the underside of at least one of its ends and by means retaining (23) the end platforms (2) and (3) in their original position. The invention is of interest for manufacturers of combined railway/road transport equipment.
Patent PL-215305-B1 (PL)
Title: Method for preparation of 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxy-5h-dibenz/b,f/azepine-5-carboxamide and 10,11-dihydro-10-0x0-5h-dibenz/b,f/azepine-5-carboxamide
Inventor: LEARMONTH DAVID ALEXANDER
IPC: C07B61/00
Filed: 2002-05-22
Abstract: A process for the preparation of 10,11-dihydro-10-oxo-5H-dibenz/b,f/azepine-5-carboxamide (2) from 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxy-5H-dibenz/b,f/azepine-5-carboxamide (1), comprising oxidising 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxy-5H-dibenz/b,f/azepine-5-carboxamide (1) by reaction with peroxyacetic acid in the presence of a metal catalyst in a substantially inert solvent.
Patent PL-205571-B1 (PL)
Title: Process for the preparation of 3-spiro[cyclohexam-1,3'-(3h)indolin-2'-one] derivatives
Inventor: CSIKOS EVA
IPC: C07D413/12
Filed: 2002-07-25
Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a compound of the formula (I) by reacting a compound of the formula (II) with a compound of the formula (III) characterized by dissolving the compounds of the formula (II) and formula (III) in a water-inmiscible organic solvent in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst, reacting with a.) an aqeuos solution of a base, or b.) a base in solid form directly and if desired transforming the compound of formula (I) thus obtained into its salt.
Patent PL-205473-B1 (PL)
Title: Orodispersible pharmaceutical composition comprising perindopril
Inventor: WUTHRICH PATRICK
IPC: A61P9/00
Filed: 2003-01-22
Abstract: The invention relates to an orodispersible solid pharmaceutical composition comprising perindopril which is characterised in that it contains perindopril or one of the pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof and granules consisting of co-dried lactose and starch.
Patent PL-215878-B1 (PL)
Title: Heat treatable coated article with zinc oxide inclusive contact layer(s)
Inventor: NEUMAN GEORGE
IPC: C03C17/36
Filed: 2004-03-19
Abstract: A coated article is provided so as to have a fairly high visible transmission (TY or Tvis) to sheet resistance (Rs) ratio (i.e., a ratio Tvis/Rs). The higher this ratio, the better the coated article's combined functionality of providing for both good solar performance (e.g., ability to reflect and/or absorb IR radiation) and high visible transmission. In certain example embodiments, coated articles herein may be heat treatable. Coated articles herein may be used in the context of insulating glass (IG) window units, architectural or residential monolithic window units, vehicle window units, and/or the like.
Patent PL-209542-B1 (PL)
Title: Flow distributor for die tooling of pipe mold equipment with remote extruder
Inventor: LUPKE MANFRED A A
IPC: B29C48/09
Filed: 2003-12-19
Abstract: Equipment ( 1 ) used in the molding or plastic pipe includes die tooling ( 3 ) provided with a plastic flow distributor ( 25 ) at the upper end of the die tooling. The plastic flow distributor has adjustable flow to provide an even distribution of plastic from an extruder into at least one die passage ( 9 ) within the die tooling.