Patent EA-003825-B1 (EA)
Title: Transmission devices for ground vehicles and more particularly for motors-cars
Inventor: ANTONOV ROUMEN
IPC: F16D41/00
Filed: 2001-11-15
Abstract: 1. A transmission device wherein a differential mechanism (1, 301, 302) comprises : - a casing element (2); - an input rotary connection element (3, 303) and an output rotary connection element (4); - three rotary elements (5, 6, 7; 350, 360, 370) which are rotatable with respect to the casing element (2) and mutually intermeshed; - two friction coupling means (9, 10; 209, 210; 309, 310) between said elements; - a one-way clutch (8; 208; 308) forbidding one direction of relative rotation of a first one (5, 350) of the rotary elements with respect to a second one (2, 330) of said elements; - actuating means (114, 116; 214, 216; 314, 316) for said coupling means; characterized in that - a first one (9; 209; 310) of said selective coupling means is mechanically in parallel with the one-way clutch (8; 208; 308); - a second one (10; 210; 309) of said selective coupling means is operatively mounted between said first element (5; 350) and a third one of said element (3; 2); - said two friction coupling means are coordinated by an inverter control means (11; 211; 311) between two stable states in each which one of the coupling means is engaged and the other is released, respectively. 2. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the inverter control means is a common pressure member (11; 211; 311) which is movable between two end positions, each of which corresponds to one of the stable states, and which is acted upon by the actuating means. 3. A device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the inverter control means is integral with the first element (5; 6; 350). 4. A device according to one of claims 1-3, characterized by comprising, mechanically in series with the one-way clutch (8; 208; 308) between the first rotary element (5; 350) and the second element (2; 330), a means for common rotation with axial displaceability (52, 53; 252, 253; 352, 353). 5. A device according to claim 4, characterized in that the first rotary element (5, 350) is guided for axial sliding independently of the means for common rotation (52, 53; 252, 253; 352, 353). 6. A device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the means for common rotation (52, 53; 252, 253; 352, 353) is mounted operatively between one of the first and second elements and a one-way clutch support (51; 251; 351), and in that an axially unslidable bearing (54; 254; 354) is provided mechanically in parallel with the one-way clutch (8; 208; 308) and between the one-way clutch support and the other of said first and second elements. 7. A device according to one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the actuating means comprise an axial movability of the first element (5; 6; 350) under a tooth reaction thrust (F1, F2). 8. A device according to claim 7, characterized in that the actuating means comprise two antagonistic actuators (114, 116; 214, 216; 314, 316) one of which is capable of an action in the same direction as the tooth thrust. 9. A device according to claim 8, characterized in that one of the antagonistic actuators is at least one spring (114; 214; 314). 10. A device according to claim 9, characterized in that said at least one spring acts in a direction contrary to the tooth thrust. 11. A device according to one of claims 8-10, characterized in that the antagonistic actuator which is capable of an action in the same direction as the tooth thrust is a controllable actuator, preferably an hydraulic actuator (116; 216; 316). 12. A device according to one of claims 1-11, characterized in that the first element is a sun wheel (5; 350) of the differential mechanism (1; 302). 13. A device according to one of claims 1-12, characterized in that the second element is the casing element (2). 14. A device according to one of claims 1-13, characterized in that there is provided axially through the first element (5; 350) a stator shaft (21) belonging to the casing element (2), the latter forming the second element. 15. A device according to claim 14, characterized in that the stator shaft (21) is tubular and surrounds a shaft (31) which is fast with the third element (3). 16. A device according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the stator shaft (21) is surrounded by a tube (41) which is fast with the other connection element (4). 17. A device according to one of claims 1-15, characterized in that the third element is one of the connection elements (3; 330). 18. A device according to claim 17, characterized in that the device comprises a selective dog-clutch device for: - in a forward drive position, connecting a remaining one of the three intermeshed elements of the differential mechanism with the other connection element and the second element at least selectively with the casing element; - in a reverse drive position, connecting said remaining element of the differential mechanism with the casing element, and the second element with the other connection element. 19. A device according to claim 18, characterized in that the device comprises a third friction coupling means (210; 10) by which the third element (3) is selectively connected to a fourth one of the elements which is formed by one of the rotary elements (6; 5) other than the first element (5; 6). 20. A device according to claim 19, characterized in that the device comprises: - between the fourth element (6; 5) and another one (2) of the elements, a fourth friction coupling means (209; 9) in parallel with a second one-way clutch (208; 8); and - a second inverter control means (211; 11) which coordinates the third and the fourth coupling means between two stable conditions in each of which one of the third and fourth coupling means is engaged and the other one disengaged, respectively. 21. A device according to claim 20 in combination with claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the spring is mounted operatively between both inverter control means. 22. A device according to claim 20, characterized by said actuating means comprising a controllable actuator mounted operatively between said two inverter control means. 23. A device according to one of claims 20-22, characterized in that the second inverter control means (211; 11) is subjected to a tooth reaction thrust of said fourth element (6; 5), which is mounted for displacement under tooth thrust. 24. A device according to one of claims 19-23, characterized in that said other element to which said fourth element can be connected for rotation by the fourth coupling means is said second element (2). 25. A device according to one of claims 19-24, characterized in that one of the connection means (3) is adapted to be coupled with an engine shaft, without interposition of any starting clutch. 26- A device according to one of claims 1-25, characterized in that one of the connection means (41) is connected to a mechanism (302) providing at least two ratios. 27. A device according to claim 26, characterized in that the two-ratios mechanism transfers a motion from a differential mechanism axis to a second, parallel, axis. 28. A device according to claim 27, characterized in that the two ratio-mechanism comprises: - two toothed wheels rotatively mounted onto a first connection shaft; - a second connection shaft having two pinions rigidly mounted thereon and having different diameters: - a clutch selectively coupling one of the toothed wheels with the first shaft; - a one-way clutch coupling the other toothed wheel with the first shaft when the clutch is deactivated; - an auxiliary clutch in parallel with the one-way clutch. 29. A device according to claim 28, characterized in that the toothed wheel associated with a clutch has a possibility of axial movement so that its tooth reaction participates to actuation of the clutch. 30. A device according to one of claims 27-29, characterized by comprising a reverse drive device which once activated by a dog-clutch, selectively by-passes the differential mechanism and the two ratio mechanism. 31. A device according to one of claims 27-29, characterized by comprising a reverse drive device which once activated by a dog-clutch, selectively by-passes the two-ratio mechanism between the axis of the differential mechanism and the second, parallel axis. 32. A device according to claim 26, characterized in that the mechanism having at least two ratios and the differential mechanisms are arranged along two different parallel axes (X1, X2). 33. A device according to claim 32, characterized by comprising a supplemental connection member which is coaxial with the two-ratio mechanism and coupled with the connection element of the differential mechanism other than that which is coupled with the two-ratio mechanism, whereby input and output of the transmission device are co-axial. 34. A device according to claim 33, characterized by a reverse drive mechanism mounted between the two-ratio mechanism and the supplemental connection member, reverse control means being provided for selectively activating the reverse, drive device and jointly deactivating the differential mechanism. 35. A device according to claim 33, characterized in that the differential mechanism and the supplemental connection member are connected by selective dog-clutch means causing the differential mechanism to operate either with several forward drive ratios, or with a reverse drive ratio. 36. A device according to claim 32, characterized in that the mechanism having at least two ratios (302) moreover provides a reverse drive ratio. 37. A device according to one of claims 26-36, characterized in that the two-ratio mechanism (302) is a second differential mechanism according to anyone of claims 1-9. 38. A device according to claim 37, characterized in that, in the second mechanism, the second element (330) is a connection element, and the third element is a casing element (2), the remaining one (360) of the three rotary elements of the second differential mechanism (302) being connected to the other connection element (4). 39. A device according