Patent GB-642255-A (GB)
Title: Lubricating compositions
IPC: C08G65/22
Filed: 1947-09-24
Abstract: Liquid polymers suitable as lubricants and having molecular weights from 150 to over 1500 are produced by heating at a temperature above 25 DEG  C. in the presence of a catalyst one or more ethers containing (a) epoxide, or (b) glycol substituents, in case (b) to a temperature between 150 DEG  and 300 DEG  C.  Ethers specified are (a) glycidyl methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, allyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, amyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, and dodecyl ethers; 2,3-epoxy-4-methoxybutene, -4-ethoxybutane and -4-isopropoxybutane; 1,2-epoxy - 3 - methyl - 3 - methoxypropane, - 3-methyl - 3 - butoxypropane, - 3,3 - dimethyl-3 - isopropoxypropane, - 3 - isopropyl - 3 - isopropoxypropane, - 2 - methyl - 3 - isopropoxypropane and - 3 - n - amyl - 3 - isopropoxypropane; and 4,5-epoxy - 6 - methyl - 6 - isopropoxyhexane; 1,2-epoxy-4-methoxybutane, -4-isopropoxy-butane, - 5 - ethoxypentane and 4 - methyl - 5 - tert-butylpentane; and 2,3-epoxy-5-isopropoxypentane; (b) 1,2-dihydroxy-3-methoxypropane and - 4 - isopropoxybutane, 2,3 - dihydroxy - 5-butoxypentane, 1,3 - dihydroxy - 4 - methoxybutane and 2,4 - dihydroxy - 5 - isopropoxypentane; 1,3 - dihydroxy - 2 - methoxymethylpropane and 1,4 - dihydroxy - 3 - isopropoxymethylbutane.  Suitable catalysts for (a) are sodium and potassium hydroxides, stannic and aluminium chlorides and boron trifluoride and its ether complexes; for (b) are iodine, hydrogen chloride, bromide and iodide, sulphuric acid, p-toluenesulphonic acid, benzene sulphonic acid, sodium bisulphate, aluminium sulphate and potassium acid sulphate. Polymerization may be effected in liquid, solution, emulsion or gaseous phases.  Methane, ethane, propane, butane, dihydronaphthalenes, cycloheptane, 2-methylnonane, 2,6-dimethyloctane, 2,2,3 - trimethyl - pentane, 2 - methyl - 3-ethylpentane, 2 - methyloctane, 2,4 - dimethylheptane, 4 - ethylheptane, dihexyl, 2,4,5,7-tetramethyloctane and water may be present.  Additional reactants, e.g. methyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, amyl mercaptan, di-isopropylamine and bis-(b -hydroxyethyl) sulphide may may be present to react with the terminal hydroxyls.  After removal of catalyst, the polymer is dehydrated, e.g. by distillation under reduced pressure and, if desired, decolourized by bleaching, hydrogenation using Raney nickel, nickel sulphide, copper, palladium or platinum catalysts, or percolation of a solution in benzene, toluene, xylene or hexane through fuller's earth.  The terminal hydroxyl groups may be etherified by methyl bromide or iodide, ethyl chloride, propyl iodide, benzyl chloride, methyl-benzyl chloride, methoxyethyl chloride, sodium monochloracetate or allyl chloride in the presence of sodium hydroxide, liquid ammonia or quaternary ammonium bases or salts; or esterified with formic, acetic, propionic, butyric, hexoic, 2-ethylhexoic, lauric, stearic, myristic, palmitic and capric acids in the presence of sulphuric or phosphoric acids.  The etherification or esterification may take place during or after polymerization.  The lubricating composition may contain oxidation inhibitors, e.g. phenyl-b -naphthylamine, corrosion inhibitors, e.g. organic acids capable of forming water-insoluble metal soaps, gelling agents, e.g. metallic soaps and extreme pressure agents.ALSO:Liquid polymers suitable as lubricants and having molecular weights from 150 to over 1500 are produced by heating at a temperature above - 25 DEG  C. in the presence of a catalyst one or more ethers containing (a) epoxide, or (b) glycol substituents, in case (b) to a temperature between 150 DEG  and 300 DEG  C.  Ethers specified are (a) glycidyl methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, allyl, n-butyl, sec.-butyl, tert.-butyl, amyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, and dodecyl ethers; 2,3-epoxy-4-methoxybutane, -4-ethoxybutane and -4-isopropoxybutane; 1,2-epoxy-3-methyl - 3 - methoxypropane, - 3 - methyl - 3 - butoxypropane, -3,3 - dimethyl - 3 - isopropoxypropane, - 3 - isopropyl - 3 - isopropoxypropane, -2-methyl-3-isopropoxypropane and -3-n-amyl-3-isopropoxypropane; and 4,5-epoxy-6-methyl-6-isopropoxyhexane; 1,2 - epoxy - 4 - methoxybutane, - 4 - isopropoxy - butane, - 5 - ethoxypentane and -4-methyl-5-tert.-butylpentane; and 2,3 - epoxy - 5 - isopropoxypentane: (b) 1,2-dihydroxy - 3 - methoxypropane and - 4 - isopropoxybutane, 2,3 - dihydroxy - 5 - butoxypentane, 1,3-dihydroxy-4-methoxybutane and 2,4-dihydroxy - 5 - isopropoxypentane; 1,3 - dihydroxy-2-methoxymethylpropane and 1,4-dihydroxy - 3 - isopropoxymethylbutane.  Suitable catalysts for (a) are sodium and potassium hydroxides, stannic and aluminium chlorides and boron trifluoride and its ether complexes; for (b) are iodine, hydrogen chloride, bromide and iodide, sulphuric acid, p-toluenesulphonic acid, benzene sulphonic acid, sodium bisulphate, aluminium sulphate and potassium acid sulphate. Polymerization may be effected in liquid, solution, emulsion or gaseous phases.  Methane, ethane, propane, butane, dihydronaphthalenes, cycloheptane, 2-methylnonane, 2,6-dimethyloctane, 2,2,3-trimethylpentane, 2-methyl-3-ethylpentane, 2-methyloctane, 2,4-dimethylheptane, 4 - ethylheptane, dihexyl, 2,4,5,7-tetramethyloctane and water may be present.  Additional reactants, e.g. methyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, amyl mercaptan, diisopropylamine and bis-(b -hydroxyethyl)-sulphide may be present to react with the p  terminal hydroxyls.  After removal of catalyst, the polymer is dehydrated, e.g. by distillation under reduced pressure and, if desired, decolourized by bleaching, hydrogenation using Raney nickel, nickel sulphide, copper, palladium or platinum catalysts, or by percolation of a solution in benzene, toluene, xylene or hexane through fuller's earth.  The terminal hydroxyl groups may be etherified by methyl bromide or iodide, ethyl chloride, propyl iodide, benzyl chloride, methyl-benzyl chloride, methoxyethyl chloride, sodium monochloracetate or allyl chloride in the presence of sodium hydroxide, liquid ammonia or quaternary ammonium bases or salts; or esterified with formic, acetic, propionic, butyric, hexoic, 2-ethylhexoic, lauric, stearic, myristic, palmistic and capric acids in the presence of sulphuric or phosphoric acids.  The etherification or esterification may take place during or after polymerization.  The lubricating composition may contain oxidation inhibitors, e.g. phenyl - a  - naphthylamine, corrosion inhibitors, e.g. organic acids capable of forming water-insoluble metal soaps, gelling agents, e.g. metallic soaps and extreme pressure agents.