Patent GB-394906-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture and production of nickel carbonyl
IPC: C01G49/16
Filed: 1933-01-24
Abstract: Nickel carbonyl is obtained by acting directly with carbon monoxide or carbon monoxidecontaining gases at elevated temperature and preferably elevated pressure on nickel-containing mattes or stones or like products obtained by a melting operation and which contain nickel and sulphur with or without other metals such as noble metals or heavy base metals capable of combining with sulphur, e.g. iron, copper, cobalt or molybdenum. Temperatures between 50 and 325 DEG  C. and pressures from atmospheric to above 200 atmospheres may be used. An increase in temperature should be attended by a corresponding increase in pressure.  The carbon monoxide may be in the form of water gas, producer gas or illuminating gas.  The gases may be led in a cycle, impurities such as carbon oxysulphide being removed and carbon monoxide being regenerated therefrom.  The initial matte may be crude matte, concentrated matte, or refined matte, for example, matte from which copper has been removed by fusion with sodium sulphide, refined matte which has been treated with copper chips, products obtained by smelting iron-containing refined matte with wastes of the alloy known under the registered Trade Mark " Monel metal," products obtained by smelting iron sulphide or pyrites or copper sulphide with nickel or nickel alloys, products obtained by fusing a copper-sulphur residue with nickel, nickel oxide or mixtures of nickel and copper salts, and the product obtained by fusing a refined nickel matte, nickel sulphide, iron sulphide, other sulphides or sulphur with impure metallic nickel.  This last modification may be employed instead of the direct treatment of impure nickel with carbon monoxide for refining impure nickel by the carbonyl process. The initial materials may be treated to enlarge their surface before the reaction.  For example, they may be given a blistered or foamy structure, may be granulated by pouring the molten material into water or by spraying, or may be ground to powder.  If iron is present, the reaction may be so conducted that the nickel only is attacked or mixtures of carbonyls may be obtained which may be subsequently separated, for example by fractional condensation or distillation or as described in Specification 301,099, [Class 1 (ii), Inorganic compounds, other than &c.].  The process may be conducted at 200 atmospheres in a reaction vessel provided with a sieve plate at one third of its height, the upper part being filled with the matte and heated electrically to 220 DEG  C., and the lower part being cooled by the atmosphere.  The liquid carbonyls are continuously withdrawn from the lower part.  If only nickel and sulphur are present in the matte, the formation of nickel carbonyl proceeds readily until the nickel content is so reduced that the material corresponds to the formula NiS, further progress necessitates the use of pressures of 1000 atmospheres or more.  If the matte also contains sufficient copper or like metal to combine with the sulphur, the nickel carbonyl formation proceeds readily to completion.  Examples are given.ALSO:In refining impure nickel by the carbonyl process, the impure nickel is fused with nickel sulphide or iron sulphide or with other sulphides or sulphur and the resulting matte is subjected to the action of carbon monoxide.