baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-819281-A (GB)
Title: A process for the preparation of terephthalic acid or its salts or derivatives
IPC: C07C51/41
Filed: 1956-04-10
Abstract: Terephthalic acid or its salts or derivatives are prepared by a process comprising heating an alkali metal salt of an aromatic carboxylic acid which contains at least three carboxylic groups in the molecule and thus obtaining an alkali metal salt of terephthalic acid.  Suitable starting materials are hemimellitic acid, trimellitic acid, trimesic acid, mellophanic acid, prehnitic acid, pyromellitic acid, benzenepentacarboxylic acid, and mellitic acid, or mixtures of such acids, as are produced for example by oxidation of alkylbenzenes or by oxidative degradation of higher, in some cases alkylated, ring systems, or from graphite, bituminous coal, brown coal, peat, wood, lignin, coal extracts, tars, pitches, asphalts, coke and petroleum residues. The alkali metal salts of the above mentioned acids may be used alone or in admixture with the salts of e.g. benzoic acid, alpha- and beta-naphthoic acid, diphenylmonocarboxylic, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalic acid, and diphenic acid.  When mixtures of acids are used as starting materials the proportions of carboxylic acids used should be such that on an average there are two carboxyl groups per aromatic ring system as in the terephthalic acid to be prepared.  The lithium, rubidium, caesium, sodium and preferably potassium salts of the acids, or reaction mixture which yield such salts e.g. mixtures of carboxylic acid anhydrides or of carboxylic acid esters with alkali metal carbonates may be used as the starting material.  It is preferable that the salts are in a dry state, and 0-15 per cent by weight of the reaction mixture, of a catalyst may be present.  Suitable catalysts are the carbonates, bicarbonates, halides, sulphates, phosphates, acetates, formates, oxalates, benzoates, terephthalates and trimesates of zinc, cadmium, mercury, iron, lead, manganese and cerium, or mixtures of these. The catalyst may be finely divided, and it may be used on a carrier such as kieselguhr.  An inert liquid or solid may also be present, e.g. sand, active carbon or non-catalytic salts such as potassium or sodium carbonates; diphenyl oxide, diphenyl, benzene and naphthalene. The reaction takes place at temperatures above 300 DEG  C., and the mixture is preferably agitated during the reaction.  Inert gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, methane and carbon monoxide may also be present, and pressures from sub to super atmospheric pressures may be used.  The terephthalic acid may be isolated from the reaction mixture by known methods. Unconverted starting materials may be isolated from the mother liquor and recycled.  Examples are given of the preparation of terephthalic acid using different starting materials and catalysts under varying conditions of temperature. Specification 798,442 is referred to.
Patent GB-1310486-A (GB)
Title: Vehicles of the kind fitted with two working implements
IPC: E02F9/08
Filed: 1971-04-23
Abstract: 1310486 Articulated vehicles KARL SCHAEFF KG MASCHINENFABRIK 23 April 1971 [8 May 1970] 10903/71 Heading B7H [Also in Division E1] A vehicle has two chassis units so connected that relative pivoting movement of the units is prevented about a vertical axis and is permitted about a horizontal axis lying in a vertical plane extending longitudinally of the vehicle. Each chassis unit has one axle, the wheels of at least one of the axles being steerable. A vehicle, Fig. 1, has a chassis unit 13 supporting shovel loader 10 and a chassis unit 19 supporting backhoe 24, the units being pivotally connected by bearing assembly 18. Alternatively, Fig. 4, the units are connected by pivot pins 33, 34. Pin 33 is secured to unit 13 and is supported in bearings mounted on members 35 of unit 19. Two single-acting hydraulic jacks are pivotally connected between the units, and are controlled to allow the units free, clamped or zero relative movement. Alternatively, each jack may comprise a cylinder rigidly attached to unit 19 and a piston extending to abut unit 13, or the two jacks may be replaced by one double-acting jack. Back-hoe 24 may be stowed beside cab 25 for transport. An engine may be mounted on either chassis unit, e.g. beside the cab.
Patent GB-734118-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to process for the production of furfuryl alcohol
Inventor: SWADESH SAMUEL
IPC: C07D307/44
Filed: 1952-05-01
Abstract: A process for the production of furfuryl alcohol from furfural comprises the reduction of said furfural while in the vapour phase with hydrogen in the presence of a reduced copper catalyst containing from about 5 per cent to about 20 per cent by weight of anhydrous sodium silicate.  The invention further includes a catalyst particularly adapted to the quantitative reduction of furfural to furfuryl alcohol which comprises reduced copper promoted by the presence in the catalyst of from about 5 per cent to about 20 per cent by weight of anhydrous sodium silicate.  The catalyst may be prepared by pelletizing a reducible copper oxide with from about 5 per cent to about 20 per cent by weight of anhydrous sodium silicate and reducing the resulting pellets in a gaseous stream containing hydrogen at a temperature not exceeding about 400 DEG  C.  In examples: a catalyst is prepared by heating in a hydrogen-nitrogen mixture briquettes comprising cupric oxide, sodium silicate solution and graphite; the use of finely-divided copper or any copper compound forming cupric or cuprous oxide on ignition alternatively to cupric oxide is mentioned (1); and furfuryl alcohol is obtained by passing furfural vapour and excess hydrogen over the heated catalyst in a continuous process with recycling of the hydrogen.  Other experiments are made to enable the yields obtained using catalysts containing various proportions of sodium silicate and in the absence of sodium silicate to be compared.ALSO:A catalyst particularly adapted to the quantitative reduction of furfural to furfuryl alcohol (see Group IV (b)) comprises reduced copper promoted by the presence in the catalyst of from about 5 per cent to about 20 per cent by weight of anhydrous sodium silicate.  The catalyst may be prepared by pelletizing a reducible copper oxide with from about 5 per cent to about 20 per cent by weight of anhydrous sodium silicate and reducing the resulting pellets in a gaseous stream containing hydrogen at a temperature not exceeding about 400 DEG  C.  In an example a catalyst is prepreared by heating in a hydrogen-nitrogen mixture briquettes made from cupric oxide, sodium silicate and graphite. Finely divided copper or any copper compound forming cuprous or cupric oxide upon ignition may be employed alternatively to cupric oxide.  Catalysts containing various proportions of sodium silicate are employed in the reduction of furfural.
Patent GB-742010-A (GB)
Title: Control device for lock hoppers of skip winding installations
Inventor: FELGER GEORGE
IPC: B65G60/00
Filed: 1953-04-22
Abstract: 742,010. Operating doors of skips and loading receptacles. SKIP CIE GES. , April 22, 1953, No. 11102/53. Class 78 (4). An electric time delay automatically closes the entry gate 5 or 6 of a lock hopper 3 a predetermined time after they have been opened automatically by arrival of the corresponding skip 1 or 2 at the discharge position while a gate 7 through which the hopper 3 discharges is automatically opened after the entry gates have been closed and closed before they re-open. The gates 5, 6, 7 are operated by pneumatic rams 25, 26, 27 controlled by electromagnetically operated valves. The valves are controlled by switches 11, 12 closed by arrival of the skips 1, 2 at their discharge positions, by switches 15, 16, 17 operated by the gates 5, 6, 7 and by switches 13, 19 operated respectively by material in the hopper 3 and by material remaining on a conveyer 9 to which the hopper delivers. The Specification shows circuits embodying these switches and so arranged that on arrival of a skip 1, 2 at its discharge position the corresponding gate 5, 6 opens for a predetermined period and then closes whereupon the gate 7 opens and remains open until all the material in the hopper 3 has been conveyed away by the conveyer 9. Interlocks ensure that the gate 7 cannot be opened at the same time as one of the gates 5, 6. Further switches operated by the usual indicator showing the positions of the skips, and by detector devices on the conveyer 9 and on the gate 7, serve to sound a warning or to stop winding should the gate 7 still be open or material still be present on the conveyer 9 when one of the skips approaches its discharge position. The invention may be modified for use with a winding system employing a single skip. The pneumatic rams 25, 26, 27 may be replaced by electric motors or magnets and the switches may be replaced by light-sensitive electrical devices.
Patent GB-127755-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Carburetters for Internal Combustion Engines.
Inventor: FAGARD JULES
IPC: F02M7/00
Filed: 1918-07-06
Abstract: 127,755. Fagard, J. July 6, 1918. Addition to 119,508. Spray carburettors.- The parent Specification describes a carburettor in which an auxiliary nozzle is supplied from a well open to the atmosphere through a restricted aperture, and in which the fuel reaches the auxiliary nozzle only at the higher speeds, being unable at medium speeds to reach the top of a tube through which the well is fed from the float chamber. The invention consists in dispensing with the tube and connecting the well a with the auxiliary nozzle f by a pipe h which enters the well above the level assumed by the fuel during medium speeds. The well is open to the atmosphere at a<1>, and is fed from the float chamber d through an aperture b. In a modification, the well communicates directly with the float chamber. In a further modification, the pipe h enters the well below the normal float-chamber level, so as to ensure that the auxiliary nozzle is also in action at starting and accelerating and at low speeds, a constriction in the passage from the float chamber causing the level to fall at medium speeds. When used on aeroplanes, the aperture a<1> may be controlled mechanically or automatically according to altitude. The well may supply a pilot-jet.
Patent GB-679609-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to target electrodes for use in television camera tubes and storage tubes
IPC: H01J29/41
Filed: 1951-05-11
Abstract: 679,609. Cathode-ray tubes. COMPAGNIE POUR LA FABRICATION DES COMPTEURS ET MATERIEL D'USINES A GAZ. May 11, 1951 [May 12, 1950], No. 11141/51. Class 39 (i). A target electrode for use in a television camera tube or in a storage tube comprises a conductive layer 1 and a multiplicity of small insulating elements 2 disposed over a surface of the layer with their exposed surfaces substantially coplanar with the layer surface; the insulating elements are preferably of alumina and may be covered with photo-sensitive material. The insulating elements may be charged positively by the optical or electron image and raised to a higher potential by a high velocity scanning beam, the supporting plate being negative with respect to the anode; they are discharged by secondary electrons emitted from the metallic parts and in addition the target may be uniformly flooded with slow electrons or the insulating material may be made slightly conducting. Alternatively, the insulating elements may be charged negatively by accelerating an electron image on to them with a high voltage (about 10 kv.) and discharged by a lower velocity scanning beam (about 1000 volts).
Patent GB-1420057-A (GB)
Title: Esters of pyrazine-tetracarboxylic acid and their preparation
IPC: C07D241/24
Filed: 1974-03-13
Abstract: 1420057 Pyrazine-tetracarboxylic acid esters SOC NATIONALE DES POUDRES ET EXPLOSIFS 13 March 1974 [15 March 1973] 11222/74 Heading C2C [Also in Division C5] Novel pyrazine-tetracarboxylic acid esters having the formula wherein X is an alkyl radical containing at least 3 carbon atoms, may be prepared by a novel process for preparing such esters wherein the alkyl groups may be optionally substituted with one or more functional groups which are stable to boiling H 2 SO 4 , and which comprises reacting the di-potassium salt of pyrazinetetracarboxylic acid with concentrated H 2 SO 4  and an alcohol of the formula XOH, at an elevated temperature. The substituents in the alkyl groups are suitably ether, ketone, sulphoxide or phosphine oxide groups. The reaction is suitably carried out at the reflux temperature of the acid/alcohol mixture. The novel esters may be used as the base in lubricants.
Patent GB-376820-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to telegraph systems
IPC: H04L25/04
Filed: 1931-04-16
Abstract: 376,820. Code telegraphy. STANDARD TELEPHONES & CABLES, Ltd., GROVE, S. H., FEDERICI, M. E., SANDEMAN, E. K., and CURRAH, L. E., Columbia House, Aldwych, London. April 16, 1931, No. 11266. Addition to 353,515. [Class 40 (iii).] Lost dots are reinserted at a receiving station by means of a thermionic flip-flop device of the kind shown in Fig. 4 of the parent Specification and at the top of the accompanying Fig. 1. The present invention provides means A, B for bringing the inserted dots into phase with the received signals. Locally generated impulses of the form f, Fig. 2, are applied at terminals F, Fig. 1. The frequency of these impulses is double the dot frequency, and the connections are such that in the absence of received signals the valves V3, V5 become operative alternately, one being jammed while the other is operative. The impulses f therefore pass alternately through the pairs V3, V4 and V5, V6, so that the pulses of current through condensers C1, C2 respectively are represented by graphs c1, c2, Fig. 2. To produce this result the alternating pairs of valves interact with the flip-flop device, which feeds their input terminals through leads p1, p2, and is fed by their output terminals through leads q1, q2. The output of the flip-flop device at terminals O in the absence of received signals is shown at o, and comprises a succession of dots. Signals whose original form was a, Fig. 3, arrive in the distorted form b through terminals L and are applied to resistance R4. So long as their strength lies within the limits x, a; the system continues to insert dots ; but the stronger signals J, H, due to blocks of two or more impulses of the same polarity, overpower in R4 the effect of the locally-generated impulses and delay the operation of the valves V1 .. V6, which afterwards resume work in the correct phase. The impulses of current through condensers C1, C2 and at terminals O, as affected by signals b, are shown at c<1>1, c<1>2, o<1>.
Patent GB-307650-A (GB)
Title: Lubricator for use on rotating parts
IPC: F16N7/12
Filed: 1928-04-17
Abstract: 307,650. Alvis Car & Engineering Co., Ltd., Clarke, G. T. Smith-, and Dunn, W. M. April 17, 1928. Universal joints.-In a universal joint for driving a steerable wheel of a motor-vehicle, wherein the part-spherical end 6 of a driving shaft 2 enters a recess 3 in the stub axle 4 and is provided with a pin 7 carrying rollers 8 engaging grooves 9 in the recess, the concave inner end 14 of a lubricant container 10 screwed into the outer end of the axle 4 pressed a stop for the shaft end 6, the position of the container being adjustable so as to bring the centre of the end 6, which is pressed against the stop by spring pressure, coincident with the steering axis. Specification 312,760, [Class 79 (ii), Motor vehicles, Driving &c.], is referred to.
Patent GB-846734-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to bottles
Inventor: WILLIAMS JAMES GLYNDWR
IPC: B65D1/02
Filed: 1957-04-08
Abstract: 846,734. Container closures. THOMAS & EVANS Ltd. July 7, 1958 [April 8, 1957], No. 11331/57. Class 125(3). A bottle neck 10 has a beaded rim 13 to receive a crown cork or other capsule and an enlargement 15 provided with diametricallyopposed downwardly-opening recesses 16 to receive the pivot projections of a swing type stopper which can be applied after the initial opening of the bottle.
Patent GB-1100944-A (GB)
Title: Polishing and abrading materials
IPC: B24D11/00
Filed: 1965-03-17
Abstract: A polishing and abrading material comprises a thick, lofty, open, non-woven web containing a plurality of crimped, continuous, synthetic filaments and abrasive grains, the crimps in each filament interlacing with the crimps in adjacent <PICT:1100944/C4-C5/1> filaments, and a coating of adhesive on the filaments to bond them to one another and to the abrasive grains.  As shown, filaments 11 are drawn over a heated sharp-edged blade 18 and then through a roll-coating bath 20 when they are coated with adhesive and abrasive. They then pass between squeeze rolls 25 and 26 and are allowed to relax so that they crimp and interlock with one another.  The web 27 so formed is deposited on a conveyer 28 which carries it through a heating zone 29 to set or cure the adhesive. Additional webs 271 made similarly may be laid on top of the web 27 either parallel or at an angle to it, or the filaments in some or all of the subsequent layers may be laid in a twisting or sinusoidal path. The crimps of the filaments in each layer may interlock with those of adjacent layers as well as with those of their own layers.  If the web is rolled up while the adhesive is still tacky, the convolutions will bond together.  The roll so formed can be sliced normally to its axis to form abrasive discs. Reference is also made to crimping in a stuffer box or between gears. Short fibres or flock may also be added.  The filaments may be of nylon or polyester.  The adhesive may be a polyurethane or phenol-aldehyde.
Patent GB-1418513-A (GB)
Title: High molecular weight copolyesters
IPC: C08G64/20
Filed: 1973-03-09
Abstract: 1418513 Copolyesters E I DU PONT DE NEMOURS & CO 9 March 1973 [10 March 1972] 11447/73 Heading C3R Segmented thermoplastic copolyesters including a multiplicity of recurring long chain ester units and short-chain ester units joined head-to-tail and having the formulµ in which R is the divalent radical of a dicarboxylic acid having a molecular weight up to 300 of formula HOOC-R-COOH and G is the divalent radical of a poly (1,2-propylene oxide) glycol HO-G-OH having a molecular weight of from 400 to 4000 and D is the divalent radical of a diol having a molecular weight up to 250 of formula HO-D-OH, are made in the presence of a diaryl ester of a dicarboxylic acid or carbonic acid to form the copolyester, the diaryl ester being present when the copolyesterforming components have an inherent viscosity of at least 0À5 dl/g. as measured in m-cresol at 30‹ C. The latter may be derived from the reaction of dicarboxylic acids with phenol, cresols, xylenols, o- and p-chloro- and phenylphenols, p-isopropylphenol, α-naphthol, #-naphthol and p-benzylphenol. Long lists of dicarboxylic acids and diols are given from which the copolyester itself may be made.
Patent GB-205446-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to glues insoluble in water
IPC: C09J101/18
Filed: 1923-04-28
Abstract: An adhesive for use with materials such as leather, indiarubber, wood, or porcelain comprises gum ammoniac and nitrocellulose, or products such as celluloid made from nitrocellulose, dissolved in a solvent such as acetone or wood spirit; colouring or filling materials may be added.  An example of suitable proportions is given. Specification 27534/97 is referred to.
Patent GB-259136-A (GB)
Title: Hot-water bottles, or the like
IPC: A61F7/08
Filed: 1926-05-01
Abstract: 259,136. Ebmeier, W. May 1, 1926. Heating-appliances. - Hotwater bottles of rubber, rubber composition, or the like for personal use are provided on the surface which is to be applied to the body with ribs, ripples, &c. a and with an edge or border c which protects the body against air currents. Small air ducts d may be arranged in the border to conduct away perspiration. Instead of heated liquid, other heating means, such as an electric resistance wire covered with asbestos, may be employed.
Patent GB-888408-A (GB)
Title: Indoles and their preparation
Filed: 1958-04-11
Abstract: The invention comprises 6-chloro-tryptamine of the formula <FORM:0888408/IV (b)/1> and the preparation thereof by catalytically hydrogenating 6-chloro-3-indolyl-acetonitrile. The process may be combined with that of Specification 888,425 and further with that of Specification 888,424.  Specification 868,475 also is referred to.
Patent GB-795377-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to alloys
Inventor: HARRIS GEOFFREY THOMAS
IPC: C22C19/00
Filed: 1954-04-22
Abstract: The alloys of the parent Specification are modified by the addition of cerium in amounts up to and including 1.0 per cent. The cerium may be added as ferro-cerium, misch metal, or other cerium-rich alloy, or as mixed rare earth oxides with a suitable deoxidant.  Specification 708,820 also is referred to.
Patent GB-883213-A (GB)
Title: Method of producing moulded bodies
IPC: B29C41/04
Filed: 1959-04-07
Abstract: 883,213. Moulding plastic materials. STRAUB, L. April 7, 1959 [April 10, 1958], No. 11717/59. Class 87(2). [Also in Group XXII] A moulded article, e.g. a die, an optical mirror, or a grinding wheel, is produced by casting a settable liquid or plastic mass in a mould on the surface of a uniformly rotating liquid. The moulding material may consist of paraffin wax, a resin, lacquer, collodion, molten metal, or a cement composition, and the liquid on which it is cast may be mercury, oil, water, or a silicone rubber. For manufacturing a grinding wheel abrasive particles may be sprinkled on to the liquid surface before the moulding material is applied. In the manufacture of such wheel the supporting liquid 2 is placed in a container 1 which is rotated about a vertical axis to form a parabolic surface on the liquid 2. Abrasive particles 10 are applied to this parabolic surface followed by a layer 7 of a varnish or collodion. The rotation is continued until the layer 7 has set when further layers 8, 9 of the same or a different moulding material may be applied if desired.
Patent GB-130725-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Laminated Propellers for Aircraft.
Inventor: SAUNDERS SAMUEL EDGAR
IPC: B64C11/22
Filed: 1919-02-19
Abstract: 130,725. Saunders, S. E. Feb. 19, 1919. Screw propellers.- Relates to aircraft propellers having three or more blades composed of laminµ of wood glued or cemented together. The blades a, a<1>, a<2>, a<3>, Fig. 2, are composed of laminµ b, b<1>, b<2> b<3>, each of which forms part of two adjacent blades, as shown. Other laminµ c are added to each blade to give the required conformation. The boss of the propeller is in the form of a steel box made in two sections d, d<1>, Figs. 7 and 9, which fit over the roots of the blades from opposite sides, the projecting pieces c, e<I> fitting between adjacent blades. The two sections are clamped together by bolts passing through holes g. The space in the centre of the propeller may be filled with hard wood h.