Patent GB-1512441-A (GB)
Title: Radiographic imaging system for high energy radiation
IPC: G03B42/02
Filed: 1975-04-14
Abstract: 1512441 Tomography RAYTHEON CO 14 April 1975 [1 May 1974] 15198/75  Heading G2J [Also in Divisions H4 and H5] In a radiographic imaging system, of the kind wherein a mask is placed between the radio-active body and the detector to spatially encode the radiation falling on the detector - e.g. as in Specification 1339148, the resolution of the decoded image is effectively increased by moving the detector over the mask, or vice versa so that to the detector a larger mask is seen having a relatively finer set of modulating apertures. In the arrangement of Figs. 1-4, an Auger camera 32 orbits an axis 36 by means of drive unit 34, describing an annular path over the body 52 and masks 48, 50. Mask 48 is in the form of arcuate strips 74 of lead on a radiation transparent base 76, the strips and spacings thereof decreasing with radius so as to form an off-axis Fresnel screen. The mask 50 comprises a plurality of evenly spaced parallel lead strips 74 and acts to give an offset from zero in the spatial frequency spectrums set up by mask 48. The x, y, z co-ordinate system carried by the camera 32 rotates relative to the body so that a co-ordinate conversion 98 has to take place on the output signals (42) from the camera before the signals can be displayed together on a CRT 100. A photograph is taken of the display and is seen to be equivalent to an off-axis hologram. It is therefore decoded 106 using illumination by coherent light and off-axis viewing/projection, Fig. 6 (not shown). By rotating the camera as it orbits, Fig. 5 (not shown) the need for the coordinate conversion is removed. The arcuate masks 48, 50 may be replaced with rectangular array masks Figs. 7-9. The upper, coding mask may have apertures 154, Fig. 7 decreasing in size in x and y directions, or areas of opacity 160, Fig. 8 so decreasing in size. The lower, offsetting mask has an array of uniform size areas of opacity 166, Fig. 9. Apart from the co-ordinate conversion (if necessary), the signal processing, Fig. 10 (not shown) is the same as in the system of Fig. 2 of Specification 1339148. By digitizing the signals a digital two dimensional matched filter can be used to process the signals Fig. 11 (not shown). The distribution of the mask areas may be psuedo random. The system of Fig. 1 produces a zone under the turning axis 38 which is scanned less than other areas. To overcome this, the camera support may be cranked, Fig. 12 to bring the turning axis 200 with the camera. It is then advantageous to use an inverse Fresnel zone plate Fig. 13 for the mask 204. Since the mask is not off-axis, the resulting photograph is decoded axially Fig. 14, using an optical cone 224 to focus the image on screen 226. In the system of Figs. 15-17, 22 the body is scanned in raster form by an assembly, Fig. 16 including a collimator 264, focusing along a line 278 in the x direction. The assembly is mounted on a track Fig. 15  for stepping movement - motor 254 - in the y direction. Three photo-multiplier detectors 232A, 232B, 232C are exemplified and the masks 234, 240 each comprise y direction bars of lead of x direction diminishing width and spacing. The lower mask 234, is moved relative to the upper mask 240 so that the widths of the spaces produced by the superimposed masks varies to give pulsed detector outputs as shown in Fig. 22 for two point source 352, 354. The envelope of the output is the Fourier transform of the source distribution, whereby, after detecting the envelope (296) Fig. 17, an inverse Fourier transform 298 is carried out on the envelope and the resultant source distribution, as "seen" from that detector, is stored in a respective memory. As the detectors "see" the source from different angles, parallax information is present and, by feeding the contents of the three memories to a common display via suitable respective delays (in a memory 334, Fig. 19, not shown), the display is of the source distribution in a selected depth plane. Both masks may move, the movement being triangular or sawtooth.