Patent GB-1033238-A (GB)
Title: Control system for infinitely variable transmission
IPC: F16H47/02
Filed: 1964-10-20
Abstract: 1,033,238. Change-speed control. FORD MOTOR CO. Ltd. Oct. 20, 1964 [Nov. 18, 1963], No. 42710/63. Heading F2D. A vehicle driven by an internal combustion engine through an infinitely variable transmission has the ratio of the transmission controlled in accordance with the pressure in the induction system of the engine and in accordance with the position of the engine throttle valve so as to provide maximum fuel economy at small and intermediate throttle openings. In the embodiment shown in Figs. 3 and 9, a hydromechanical split-torque transmission comprises a primary pump unit 34 of the variablestroke swash-plate type or of the variable-stroke radial cylinder type, connected by gears 56 to the sun 48 of a planetary gear having an input carrier 46 and a ring gear 50 selectively stationable by a brake 72 for reverse drive, and clutchable by a clutch 68 to an output shaft 40 for forward drive. Shaft 40 is connected by gears 37 to secondary pumps 36, 36<SP>1</SP> of the variable stroke swash-plate type. The primary pump 34 supplies liquid to the secondary pumps through a line 82 and receives liquid through a line 84, 196 incorporating a cooler 188. A shut-off valve 136 is operable to prevent flow through the transmission lines, and a by-pass valve 152 is operable to interconnect the line 82 with the return line 84, 196. An input driven swash-plate pump 42 supplies liquid to servos 70, 74 for operating the clutch 68 and the brake 72 and to servos 86, 88 controlling the displacements of the pump units 34, 36, 36<SP>1</SP>, and also supplies liquid to an input driven governor valve 44 and supplies lubricating and make-up fluid. The transmission is under the overriding control of a manual selector valve 104 having RET, D, L, N, R positions corresponding to hill retard, drive, low, neutral and reverse, and has a valve 134 controlling the transmission ratio and subject to engine manifold vacuum applied to a diaphragm 296 and tending to urge the valve to the right against the pressure of a spring 304 which reacts against a lever 308 positioned in accordance with the engine throttle setting by a cam 310 which is connected to the throttle. With the selector valve 104 in neutral, servo pressure is supplied by pump 42 through a line 112 to the selector valve and thence through a line 98 to the pump servo 86 to shift the primary pump 34 to its minimum displacement position (0À7 maximum). By-pass valve 152 is opened by a spring 164 and by the transmission pressure 82 acting on differential lands 156, 158, and the clutch and brake servos are exhausted. In the forward drive D position of the selector valve 104 the passage 98 is open to exhaust 266 so that the pump 34 assumes its maximum displacement position, and servo 112 pressure is supplied through a line 264 to the forward clutch servo 70 and to a chamber at the right-hand side of the valve 134 to shift it to the left so that servo pressure 112 is supplied through this valve and a passage 132 to the piston 124 of the secondary pump servo 88 to give maximum displacement to the secondary pumps 36, 36<SP>1</SP>. Initially, at low engine speeds the governor valve remains closed and the by-pass valve 152 connects the pressure line 82 directly to the return line 84, 196. As the engine speeds up the governor valve feeds an increasing pressure signal through passages 222, 232 to act on a valve 238 which, in turn, feeds an amplified signal, derived from the transmission line 82, through a passage 258 to urge the by-pass valve 152 upwardly against its spring loading to gradually close the by-pass. The governor also supplies pressure through a passage 282 to act on the ratio valve 134 in opposition to the servo pressure 112, and at a certain engine speed, at which the by-pass valve 152 is closed, the governor pressure 222, 282 equals the servo pressure 112 so that the ratio valve 134 is positioned by the engine intake manifold vacuum acting on the diaphragm 296. Rightward movement of the valve 134 tends to close passage 132 and open passage 130 to the servo 88 so that the piston 124 moves downwardly to reduce the secondary pump units displacement. When the displacement of the units 36, 36<SP>1</SP> becomes zero, a land 206 formed on the rod of the servo piston 124 uncovers a passage 214 and servo pressure is supplied beneath a land 140 of the cut-off valve 136 so that pump 34 output is blocked to station the sun gear 48 and torque is transmitted wholly mechanically. A stop piston 120 prevents the servo piston 124 moving beyond its zero stroke position. In the low range setting L of the manual valve operation is as for the D setting except that the pump 34 assumes its minimum displacement position. In the RET position of the selector valve the clutch 68 remains applied, pump 34 assumes its full stroke position and units 36, 36<SP>1</SP> assume a maximum negative displacement position as servo pressure is applied to both sides of the stop piston 120. Passage 214 is connected to passage 212 so that servo pressure is applied to the top of a valve 216 to move it downwardly to cut off governor pressure from valve 238 and hence open the by-pass valve 152. However the extent to which the valve 216 is moved is determined by springs 228, 230, the pressure of spring 230 being adjustable by a lever 234 settable manually so that the operator can control the pressure acting on the valve 238 and hence control the amplified pressure acting on the by-pass valve. Since the units 36, 36<SP>1</SP>, are in their full negative displacement position, with the vehicle driving these units they discharge liquid into the line 82 and the degree of by-pass afforded by the valve 152 controls the pressure in line 82 and hence controls the braking effect. In the R position of the selector valve the clutch 68 is disengaged, the brake 72 is applied and the units 36, 36<SP>1</SP> move to their negative displacement positions so that a wholly hydrostatic reverse drive is obtained. In the embodiment of Fig. 10 (not shown) an engine shaft 328 is connectable by a friction clutch 334 to the input of an infinitely variable friction gear 318 the ratio of which is adjusted by a piston 320. Gear 318 drives the sun 348 of a reverse planet gear having a carrier stationable by a brake 356 for reverse and a ring gear 346 fast with an output shaft 342. The sun 348 is clutchable to the output shaft for forward drive. A parking gear 360 is engageable by a parking pawl 358. The position of the ratio controlling piston 320 is determined by a valve 316 subject to engine vacuum applied to a diaphragm 386 and opposed by a spring 390 the loading of which is varied by a cam 396 connected to the engine throttle. On starting, an engine driven pump 330 supplies servo pressure through a line 374 to act on a land 370 of the valve 316 to shift it fully to the left so that the transmission gives its lowest ratio. A governor valve 332 is initially closed. As the engine speeds up, governor pressure increases until clutch 334 is applied and the governor pressure, which acts on the valve 316 in opposition to the servo pressure, balances the servo pressure so that the valve 316 can be shifted by the engine vacuum. As before, the cam 396 is shaped to give maximum fuel economy for small and intermediate throttle openings.