Patent GB-906091-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to diffractometers
Inventor: ARNDT ULRICH WOLFGANG
IPC: G01N23/207
Filed: 1957-10-04
Abstract: 906,091. Diffractometers. NATIONAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION. Oct. 6, 1958 [Oct. 4, 1957], No. 31197/57. Class 98 (1). A diffractometer, as for surveying X-ray diffraction patterns, comprises a holder for supporting a specimen in a beam of radiation, a radiation detector, means for constraining the detector for movement at a constant distance from the specimen, means for supporting the detector comprising a system of at least two slides each providing linear movement in a different direction, the slide system being mounted for rotation about an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the specimen holder, and coupling means for producing rotation of the specimen in response to rotation of the slide system. When a system of two slides only is provided, the detector is constrained to move in a circular arc centred on the specimen, but when the system includes a third slide, a third dimension of movement is added so that the detector can move over a spherical surface centred on the specimen. In the embodiment of Fig. 6, the crystal 10 or other specimen under examination is mounted on a head 11 on the lower end of a shaft 13. The shaft is carried by bearing members 14, 15 which are joined by side members 17 to form a rigid assembly pivotally mounted between cross-members 18 on a frame 18, 18, 19, 19; the assembly can rotate about axis 20. The frame itself is pivoted on uprights 21 so that it can rotate about axis 23 which also passes through the point 10. The system of slides 24, 25, 26 is pivotally mounted on a bar 27 for rotation about an axis 28. The bar 27 is secured with uprights 29 to form a second frame, so pivoted as to rotate about an axis 31, which intersects axes 12 (representing the incident beam of X-rays) and 28 in the point 48; this point, the central point of the instrument, represents the effective centre of the counter or detection device 47. The first and second mentioned frames are connected by links 32 so that they remain parallel as they both tilt relative to the base 22 of the instrument. The lower slide 24 is fast with a shaft 34, and carries a saddle 35 which can move along  the slide under the action of a screw mechanism 36. The saddle is secured to the second slide 25, shown as at right angles to the first, although this is not essential. The second slide also carries a saddle 37, similarly adjustable along its length by screw 38. Saddle 37 carries a bearing for a shaft 39 on which the third slide, comprising a rigid assembly of members 40-44, movable by a wheel 45, is mounted. This assembly is connected to assembly 14-17 by links 46. The links ensure that the axis of the third slide 26 is always parallel to the axis of rotation 20 of the specimen, and that the point 48 is constrained to remain at a fixed distance from the specimen 10, thus moving over a spherical surface centred at 10. Any rotational movement of the slide system on shaft 34 is transmitted through gears 50 and shaft 51 to shaft 54 and so to shaft 13 and the crystal head 11, thus producing in the crystal specimen a corresponding rotation. In intially setting up the apparatus, the shaft 13 may be " declutched " from the connected mechanism for independent rotation. Assuming the apparatus to be used for surveying the diffraction pattern of an orthorhombic crystal, this latter is set with its a, b and c axes parallel respectively to axis 20 (or 28), slide 24, and slide 25. A particular line of the reciprocal lattice is scanned by moving the counter central point 48 along slide 24, locating by reflection the lattice points, corresponding to the h00 planes. For lattice points corresponding to the h10 planes, the centre point 48 is moved a set distance along slide 25, and then again moved along slide 24. In similar fashion the whole reciprocal lattice level hk0 may be scanned systematically. For scanning the level hk1, the counter 48 is centred on slides 24, 25, and then moved a set distance along slide 26. This causes the frames to tilt, which tilt may be fixed by a locking screw 58. The level hkl can then be surveyed in the same way as the zero level hk0, and similarly the levels hk2, hk3, and so on, so that the whole diffraction pattern is ultimately surveyed. Dependent on the range of observations required, the instrument may be simplified by omitting the facility for tilting the slide system, and further simplified by omitting the third slide 26. The slightly modified arrangement of Fig. 5 (not shown) is described in the Provisional Specification only.