baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-400161-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to electric discharge apparatus
IPC: H01J13/48
Filed: 1932-01-13
Abstract: 400,161. Discharge apparatus. INTERNATIONAL GENERAL ELECTRIC CO., Inc., 120, Broadway, New York, U.S.A. -(Assignees of Allgemeine Electricitats- Ges. ; 2, Friedrich Karl-Ufer, Berlin.) Jan. 13, 1932, No. 1057. Void [Abridged as open to inspection under Sect. 91 of the Acts, Jan. 14, 1932]. [Class 39 (i).] Arc-discharge devices with incandescent cathodes and gas or vapour fillings contain a thermal switch controlled by the temperature of the cathode. The anode circuit may be closed only when the cathode :has reached a sufficient temperature to prevent damage to the cathode by ionic bombardment ; also, when the cathode has reached this temperature, the cathode heating may be reduced either by reducing the current through the heater or by interrupting the circuit of one of two heaters in the cathode. The cathode 4, Fig. 4, carries a bimetallic strip operating contacts 6, 7 in the circuit of a time-delay or other relay closing the anode circuit and reducing the heating voltage. Alternatively, the contacts 6, 7 control the grid voltage of valves 27, 28 controlling the current to a starting heater 26 additional to the normal heater 3. The heating wires 3, 26 may be in a ceramic mass 35. In a modification, Fig. 3, the bimetallic strip contacts with a contact 7 connected directly or through a resistance to a screen 14 around the cathode so that a voltage bias on the screen preventing the starting of the arc is removed when the cathode reaches its temperature. The bias is a direct voltage produced by a battery 16 or rectifier or an alternating voltage in phase opposition to the anode voltage. The screen may be the usual screen preventing heat radiation from the cathode or may be provided with a grid 33. The grid may be used to control the point in each half-wave at which the arc of a rectifier starts, a phase-control 19, 20 being provided. Additional contacts 24, 25 are provided to control the circuit of the heater 26. In a device with several cathodes or a plant with several discharge devices, only one cathode has a bimetallic switch.
Patent GB-513834-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to centrifugal separators
IPC: B04C5/103
Filed: 1938-01-12
Abstract: 513,834. Centrifugal gas cleaners. FEIFEL, E. Jan. 12, 1938, No. 1064. Void. Convention date, Jan. 16, 1937. [Class 23] A centrifugal separator of the cyclone type with a tangential inlet I has an axial outlet 0 provided with means to ensure that the product of the velocity of any part of the gas stream and its distance from the axis of the separator is approximately constant. The pipe O shown in Fig. 3 is provided with a solid core J so that the outlet is formed by the annular space between the parts J, O. The ratio of the cross section of the inlet I to the product of its mean distance from the axis, and the radius of the outlet, is less than 1.5 and the ratio of the diameter of the outlet O to the diameter of the core J is less than 1.5 The solid core may be rotated by means of an external drive and the clean gas passed to a discharge chamber at the top of the separator. In a modification guide blades L, Fig. 8, are provided in front of the outlet O. The height of the blades and the space between them have definite ratios with the other dimensions of the separator plates.
Patent GB-668114-A (GB)
Title: New substance serving as generator for vitamin d2 or calciferol
IPC: C07C401/00
Filed: 1950-01-16
Abstract: The invention comprises a new chemical compound designated precalciferol which is isomeric with calciferol and capable of being converted there into without the action of light further characterized by having an optical notation of +43 degrees in benzene (e=1 per cent) and by forming a 3 : 5-dinitrobenzoate crystallizing in fine very pale yellow needles of m.p. 103-104 DEG  C. and having an optical notation of +30 degrees in benzene and +45 degrees in chloroform and its esters.  These substances are obtained from ergosterol by preparing the resinous irradiation product from ergosterol in the usual manner, separating out the excess of ergosterol, esterifying the resinous product of radiation, preferably with 3 : 5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride at a temperature not exceeding 25 DEG  C. at all stages of the preparation, separating by chromatography the less strongly adsorbed fraction, crystallizing this fraction with the use of a mixture of solvents or a solvent such as lignoin, and recrystallizing the product thus obtained from a mixture of solvents or a solvent such as methylethyl ketone and alcohol in order to isolate the ester of precalciferol, and if the free unesterified substance is desired, saponifying the ester with alkali at a temperature not exceeding 15 DEG  C.  Vitamin D2 may be obtained from the products by heating to a moderate temperature, preferably not exceeding 80 DEG  C. in the presence of a solvent such as benzene, and then separating Vitamin D2.
Patent GB-1111753-A (GB)
Title: A method and a device for cutting and hf-welding of thermoplastic sheets
IPC: B31B50/66
Filed: 1966-01-10
Abstract: 1,111,753. Seaming non-metallic sheet material; cutting sheet material. O. FRIDLUND. 10 Jan., 1966 [8 Jan., 1965], No. 1119/66. Headings B5A and B5K. Thermoplastic sheets 6, 7 are cut and welded by disposing the sheets 6, 7 between parts 1, 2 of a cutting and welding device, moving the part 2 towards the part 1 to cause a cutting edge 9 on the part 2 to act on the sheets 6, 7, and passing a high-frequency current through electrical conductors of the parts 1, 2, the part 1 comprising a conductor 4 and electrical insulation 3, 5 both so arranged that the action of the high-frequency current occurs over certain portions of the working area of the parts 1, 2 but does not occur over other portions of the working area. The insulating layers 3, 5 of the part 1 comprise thin sheets of a phenolformaldehyde plastic and the conducting layer 4 may be a thin metal sheet or may be formed by a printed-circuit technique. The layer 4 is suitably shaped to the desired weld area and may reach the correct potential either in a capacitive way or by being directly connected to the work-table 1. The tool 2 may be made of copper and comprises welding portions situated just inwardly of the cutting edge 9. In use, the sheets 6, 7 are intermittently advanced and the tool 2 is lowered so that a bag 10, Fig. 2 (not shown), is cut out at 10b and simultaneously welded at 10a. A second cutting edge (not shown) may be provided so as to penetrate only the upper sheet 6 to form a bag having one wall longer than the other. In modifications, the part 2 is fixed and the part 1 is movable or both parts 1, 2 are movable.
Patent GB-820322-A (GB)
Title: Improved methods of preparing silver halide dispersions and photographic emulsions
IPC: G03C1/047
Filed: 1956-01-13
Abstract: 820,322. Photographic silver halide emul. sions. KODAK Ltd. Jan. 13, 1956 [Jan. 17, 1955], No. 1179/56. Addition to 796,401 and 807,894. Class 98(2) Emulsions or dispersions which may be of high silver halide concentration are made by adding peptized silver halide to, or precipitating silver halide in, an aqueous solution comprising a graft polymer prepared by the method of Specification 807,894, usually emulsion polymerization of a saturated protein material with a monomeric hydrophilic or hydrophobic material, adjusting the pH to 3.5 to 5 to cause coagulation, separating the liquid and redispersing the coagulum in aqueous liquid. The coagulum may be washed before redispersing, but the normal setting, noodling and washing process may be avoided. Emulsions of different speeds, contrasts and other characteristics may be so made. In Example 1 silver bromoiodide is precipitated into an aqueous solution of a graft polymer, prepared from gelatin and acrylic acid according to Example 12 of Specification 807,894, at pH 6 and 60C.; the pH is adjusted to 4 to form coagulum, the mother liquor is poured off, the coagulum redispersed in water at pH 6 and 40C., recoagulated at pH 3.7 and the liquid portion is removed; redispersal in water at pH 6 and 40C. is effected followed by additions including gelatin and allylthiourea, and the emulsion is heat-ripened, coated on cellulose acetate base, exposed and processed normally. Three further examples refer to Example 1 and describe minor variations thereof, and sensitometer results are quoted.
Patent GB-852972-A (GB)
Title: Production of xylylene diamines
Inventor: ADAM KARL
IPC: C07C209/48
Filed: 1959-04-02
Abstract: Xylylene diamines are prepared by catalytic hydrogenation under increased pressure of a phthalonitrile in dissolved form in the presence of a cobalt catalyst which contains, in addition to chromium and/or manganese, 0,05 to 5% based on the total weight of the catalyst, of a pyro or poly form of phosphoric, sulphuric or boric acid.  The reduction is preferably carried out at 50-85 DEG C. and 100-500 atmospheres using a supported catalyst containing 10-20% Co, 0,03-5% Cr and/or 0,1-2% Mn and 0,3-1,5% of the pyro or poly acid. The solvent used may be ammonia or the corresponding xylylene diamine or preferably a mixture of both containing 55% ammonia which may be obtained as a discharge from the hydrogenation.  In examples : (1) p-phthalonitrile in liquid ammonia is reduced in the presence of a Co, Cr and polyphosphoric acid on silica string catalyst, (2) and (4) m-phthalonitrile in liquid ammonia and m-xylylene diamine is reduced in the presence of a Co, Mn and polyphosphoric acid on silica string catalyst, and (3) m-phthalonitrile in liquid ammonia and m-xylylene diamine is reduced in the presence of a Co, Mn and polyphosphoric acid on Al2O3 catalyst.ALSO:A catalyst, used in hydrogenating phthalonitrile to xylylene diamine, comprises cobalt together with chromium and/or manganese and from 0.05 to 5%, based on the total weight of the catalyst, of a pyro or poly form of phosphoric, sulphuric or boric acid.  The catalyst preferably contains 10-20% wt. of cobalt, 0.03 to 5% wt. chromium and/or 0.1 to 2% wt. manganese and 0.3 to 1.5% wt. of the pyro or poly acid, and may be unsupported or supported, e.g. on Fuller's earth, silica strings, silica gel, aluminium oxide or mangesium silicate.  The catalyst may be prepared from water-soluble salts of the metal and the acid added and converted to the pyro or poly form by heating; alternatively the metal salts may be heated alone, the mass cooled, the acid then added and the mass reheated to convert the acid to the pyro or poly form.
Patent GB-1504065-A (GB)
Title: Headphone
IPC: H04R1/22
Filed: 1976-01-13
Abstract: 1504065 Headphones MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO Ltd 13 Jan 1976 [27 May 1975 29 May 1975 (2) 30 May 1975 25 June 1975] 01233/76 Heading H4J Each earpiece of a headphone has a frequency response exhibiting two peaks between 1À5 and 5 kHz at a level 6-17 dB above that below 1 kHz to correspond to normal hearing and thus improve the subjective effect of headphone listening. The transducer has a ring magnet 31, dome and cone diaphragm 36 and damping material 41 and is fitted bayonet-fashion to the baffle. The pads 46, 47, 48 are apertured 44, 45 to define inertances m 1 , m 2  which combine with that m A  of the pole structure aperture 27 to produce the response peaks, whilst the level difference arises from the acoustic resistances r a , r b , r c  of the pads 41, 46 and damping material 28 respectively.
Patent GB-865249-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the production of elemental silicon
IPC: C01B33/033
Filed: 1958-01-14
Abstract: <PICT:0865249/III/1> In the production of hyperpure elemental silicon (i.e. 99.99 + % pure) by passing silicon halide vapour and zinc or cadmium vapour into an enclosed reduction zone at a temperature above the boiling point of the metal and below the melting point of silicon, an enclosed purification zone is maintained in communication with the entrance of the reduction zone.  This purification zone contains a pool of the boiling metal.  The level of this pool is maintained by the addition of fresh molten metal and at least a part of the silicon halide vapour is passed at a temperature of at least 600 DEG C. through this zone thereby mingling with the metal vapours prior to their introduction to the reduction zone.  The silicon formed in the purification zone absorbs impurities from the metal vapours, and is deposited in and about the pool.  The silicon halide is preferably the tetrachloride.  In the Figure, a reservoir 1 contains molten zinc, preferably at 800 DEG C.-900 DEG C. or molten cadmium, preferably at 700 DEG C.-760 DEG C., and this metal is supplied to the pool 9 in the purification zone 7.  Silicon halide vapour is supplied from boiler 10, the vapour preferably entering the purification zone at 800 DEG C.-1000 DEG C. in the case of silicon tetrachloride.  The mixed vapours enter the main reduction zone 12, which for zinc is preferably maintained at 907 DEG C.-1100 DEG C. Hyperpure silicon is deposited, and by-products collect in zone 17 or escape via exit 18.  When the reactor is almost full of silicon, the metal feed is stopped and the silicon halide flow is continued for some time.  The reactor is then cooled preferably to 50 DEG C.-200 DEG C. and the silicon removed.  The apparatus is preferably constructed of silica.  If desired, the silicon halide vapour may be introduced both into the purification zone and directly into the reduction zone, and the vapour entering the purification zone may be bubbled through the metal pool.ALSO:In the production of silicon of at least 99.99% purity by passing a silicon halide vapour and zinc or cadmium vapour into an enclosed reduction zone at a temperature above the boiling point of the metal and below the melting point of silicon, at least a part of the silicon halide vapour is passed at a temperature of at least 600 DEG C. either through or over a pool of the boiling metal, thereby mingling with the metal vapour before entering the reduction zone.  A small quantity of silicon is thereby formed in and about the metal pool, and this silicon formed absorbs impurities from the vapours.
Patent GB-385448-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the spring suspension of motor-cycles, cycles and other vehicles
IPC: B62K25/28
Filed: 1932-01-16
Abstract: 385,448. Spring frames for cycles. ADDIS, F. H., Westbury, Hornyold Road, Malvern, Worcestershire. Jan. 16, 1932, No. 1335. [Class 136 (iii).] In spring frames for motor and other cycles of the type in which the rear wheel is carried by a frame 3, 4, 5 pivoted at 8 to the main frame 1, the pivotal movement is controlled by arcuate leaf springs 9 which tend to straighten out under road shocks, as described in Specification 261,586, [Class 136 (iii), Cycles &c., Kinds &c. of], and lateral movement is prevented by a roller 13 adapted to co-operate with guiding-means, such as the arms of a stirrup-shaped member 14. The roller 13 may be carried by a bridge member 11 mounted on a crossbar 6 of the pivoted frame, and the guide 14 bolted at 16 to the main frame 1 ; or the guide 14 may be on the movable part and the roller 13 carried by a bracket fixed to the main frame. The rear ends of the springs 9 are attached to a carrier or pillion seat 10 rigid with the main frame.
Patent GB-1156383-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to Thermocouples
Inventor: BAKER BRIAN
IPC: G01K7/04
Filed: 1967-01-10
Abstract: 1,156,383. Thermocouples. BRISTOL AEROJET Ltd. 5 Jan., 1968 [10 Jan., 1967], No. 1361/67. Heading H1K. The hot junction of a thermocouple is formed by welding the metal limbs of the couple to an intermediate member having a melting point above 2000‹ C. but lower than that of either limb. A preferred method involves resistance welding tungsten-rhenium wires containing 5 and 26% by weight of rhenium respectively to one face of a disc-shaped tantalum shim and then directing an electron beam on the other face of the shim to melt it about the wires. Finally ceramic leads are threaded on the wires and the assembly placed in a tantalum tube. The junction at one end of the tube is surrounded with powdered ceramic and after the end has been sealed by welding in a plug the tube is swaged to compact the ceramic. An alternative metal for the intermediate member is niobium.
Patent GB-227854-A (GB)
Title: Dyeing artificial silk
IPC: D06P3/40
Filed: 1925-01-16
Abstract: Artificial silk is dyed with black polyazo and other substantive dyes in a bath containing sodium carbonate and sulphate; the goods are entered at 50 DEG  C., the temperature is raised to 70 DEG  C.; the goods then withdrawn, the bath cooled to 40 DEG  C., acetic acid added, the goods re-entered, and the temperature raised to 65 DEG  C. to produce a glossing effect.
Patent GB-157733-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the connections of electric discharge vessels for amplifying electric currents and potentials
IPC: H03F3/36
Filed: 1921-01-10
Abstract: 157,733. Massolle, J., Engl, J., and Vogt, H. April 16, 1919, [Convention date]. Thermionic amplifiers. - The grid-filament space of each succeeding valve in a multi-valve amplifier is connected in series with the anodefilament space of the preceding valve. Two valves I and II are so connected in the arrangement shown in the Figure, positive potential being applied to the anodes a<1>, a<2> by batteries b<1> and b<2> respectively. The grids g<1>, g<2> are also arranged to have a positive potential with respect to the filaments k<1>, k<2>. When, as a result of a change of illumination, the resistance of the selenium cell z varies, a change in the potential of grid g<1> is accompanied by a corresponding variation in the anode-filament resistance of valve I, which causes a change in the distribution of the potential of battery b<1> across the anode-filament space a<1>-k<1> and the grid filament space g<2>-k<2>. The potential of grid g<2> is thereby modified and corresponding variations occur in the anode current of valve II which may be used to influence an indicator R, or submitted to further amplification by a third valve. A resistance w may be inserted in parallel with the grid-filament space g<2>-k<2> of the valve II to modify the potential of the grid g<2> so that the valve II works on a straight portion of its anode current curve.
Patent GB-185383-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in regenerators for furnaces or the like
IPC: F23L15/02
Filed: 1922-01-17
Abstract: 185,383. Aktiebolaget Ljungstr÷ms Angturbin. Sept. 1, 1921, [Convention date]. Regenerators.-Fans or the like are combined with a regenerator for forcing the air and waste gases through the passages thereof, dampers being provided to control the passage of the waste gases. Fig. 1 shows a rotary regenerator 1 arranged within a casing 7 provided with partitions 18, 19. Air and gases are forced through the regenerator by fans 24, 25 mounted on a common shaft. Air entering the casing 7 at 13 passes through the regenerator and conduit 15 to the furnace. By adjusting the position of dampers 6, 9, 12, the waste gases may be led direct to the chimney or through the regenerator or partly to the chimney and partly to the regenerator. The regenerator may be driven from the same source of power as the fans.
Patent GB-157827-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to coke ovens
IPC: C10B5/20
Filed: 1921-01-10
Abstract: 157,827. American Coke & Chemical Co., (Assignees of Roberts, A.). June22,1916,. [Convention date]. Gaseous-fuel furnaces.-In a coke oven, unocoled waste gases are returned to the heating- walls, along with the air for combustion, which is heated thereby. As shown in connection with a coke oven of the kind in which the heating- walls are built up of notched blocks, as described in Specification 1570/15, and in which a "recuperator" wall 12 is interposed between the heating-walls 9, 10 of adjacent ovens, as described in Specification 103,168, a portion of the waste gases is drawn from the main flue 17 through the conduit 21 by the action of an air blast delivered through the nozzle 28 of a superposed cone ejector device 24. The mixture of air and combustion products passes up the vertical flue 23 to the wall 12, and thence to the burners at the top of the heating-wall. The temperature to which the air is heated is controlled by varying the proportions of air and waste gases in the mixture. The flue 17 is situated under the ovens at the midpoint of their length, so that the connections 18 to the heating. walls will be unaffected by the expansion of the ovens lengthways. According to the Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 (3) (a), in an oven which can be heated alternatively by gases of high and low calorific value, the quantity of gases in the heating-walls can be maintained constant under all circumstances by returning more or less of the waste gases. The waste gases may, moreover, be introduced into the heating-flues otherwise than through the burners, and they may also be used for heating any of the constituent gases for combustion. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.
Patent GB-1366621-A (GB)
Title: Device for permitting or facilitating the handling of the elements which form a nuclear reactor core
IPC: G21C13/073
Filed: 1973-01-12
Abstract: 1366621 Reactors COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE and SOC CREUSOT LOIRE 12 Jan 1973 [20 Jan 1972] 1692/73 Heading G6C The handling of the elements of a nuclear reactor core is facilitated by closing the core containment vessel 1 by a shield slab 2 within which is mounted a first rotatable plug 5 of large diameter which is centered on the axis of the reactor core 3, a second rotatable plug 6 mounted eccentrically with respect to the plug 5, and a third rotatable plug 7 mounted eccentrically with respect to the plug 6, the eccentric displacement of plug 6 with respect to plug 5 being equal to the eccentric displacement of plug 7 with respect to plug 6 so that a core lid 12 suspended beneath plug 7 can be placed directly above and in axial alignment with the core 3 during reactor operation. A fourth rotatable plug 8 is mounted eccentrically with respect to the plug 6. Plug 8 has a smaller diameter than plug 7 and both plugs 7 and 8 have access openings 9 and 10 respectively. These openings 9, 10 are located eccentrically with respect to the corresponding axes of the plugs 7, 8 and are each fitted either with a grappling and transfer unit 40 which serves to handle the core assemblies 3a, or with seal plugs. In addition, an opening 30 in the plug 6 is associated with a charge/discharge hood 11 in order that fresh or spent fuel assemblies may be introduced into or withdrawn from the vessel 1 via a guide tube 30a, either from or back to a charge/discharge station 19 provided in a storage zone 15 which surrounds the core 3. The core 3 comprises a central portion 13 formed by fissile assemblies and surrounded by an annular array 14 formed first by fertile assemblies and then by dummy assemblies. Finally the annular array 14 is surrounded by the storage zone 15 which is reserved for positioning certain fuel assemblies prior to their transfer either into the core 3 or towards the charge/discharge hood 11. The charge/discharge station 19 within the zone 15 has a free compartment in which a refuelling flask 20 is placed, this flask being removable from the vessel 1 through the opening 30 of the plug 6. The grappling and transfer unit 40 mounted in the opening 9 of the plug 7 serves to transfer the elements between their positions within the core 3 and the storage zone 15, while the corresponding unit 40 mounted in the opening 10 of the plug 8 serves only to transfer the elements between their positions within the zone 15 and the station 19.