Patent GB-369915-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture and production of aqueous dispersions of water-insoluble materials
IPC: C09K23/00
Filed: 1930-11-14
Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of water - insoluble materials are made by incorporating such materials with water-soluble amorphous derivatives of polymeric carboxylic acids of the acrylic acid series or of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids containing a double linkage between two carbon atoms, at least one of which is connected with a carboxyl group, e.g. maleic and itaconic acids, including complex polymerization products obtained by simultaneous condensation and polymerization of polymerizable vinyl compounds, such as styrene, chlorstyrene or vinyl acetate, with the said acids.  The water-soluble derivatives in question include the salts of the polymerized acids with alkalies, ammonia, water-soluble amines including alkylolamines, e.g. mono-, di- or triethanolamine, and their esters, especially with fatty acids, and ethylene polyamines, and also the products from polymerized acrylic nitrile which have been incompletely saponified, e.g. by heating with ammonia under pressure.  When dissolved in water, either alone or mixed with other substances, such as starch, dextrin, British gum, gum arabic or tragacanth, the viscous masses may be used for dispersing dyestuffs or pigments, to form preparations which may be used as printing pastes, inks or coating preparations.  The polymerized substances may also be used in the production of colloidal pastes of colouring materials by rolling or kneading with water-soluble resinous and tenacious plastic materials in accordance with the process described in Specification 314,451, [Class 1 (i), Chemical processes &c.], the products obtained being particularly suitable for the production of pastes for printing textiles.  The viscous aqueous solutions of the polymerized substances may also be employed, if desired in conjunction with wetting agents or soaps, for emulsifying hydrocarbons, such as benzine, hydrocarbon oils, vegetable or animal oils or fats, rubber latex, varnishes, lacquers, waxes, and other film-forming substances, for the production of preparations suitable for impregnating or coating textiles, leather, paper or other fibrous materials.  In examples (1) olive oil is emulsified with a solution containing sodium di-isopropylnaphthalene sulphonate and the incompletely saponified nitrile of polymerized acrylic acid (made by heating polymerized acrylic nitrile, obtained according to example 8 of Specification 358,534, with ammonia under pressure), (2) the calcium compound of Lithol fast scarlet R is rolled in a mill into an aqueous solution containing polymerized acrylic acid (made by heating an aqueous solution of acrylic acid with sulphuric acid, formaldehyde, and hydrogen peroxide) and monoethanolamine; the paste obtained, on dilution with water, yields a solution suitable for spraying, e.g. on to leather, (3) a coarsely disperse dyestuff powder, e.g. dimethoxydibenzanthrone is worked up on a roller mill with a paste containing dextrin, inspissated sulphite cellulose waste liquor neutralized with soda, and the sodium salt of polymerized acrylic acid; the product is dried and ground, the resulting powder being readily dispersible in water with the formation of a stable colloidal solution, (4) the product obtained by conjoint polymerization of vinyl acetate and maleic anhydride in presence of benzoyl peroxide is dissolved in ammonia, incorporated with sodium thiosulphate and mixed with sulphuric acid; a stable emulsion of sulphur is obtained which may be used as an insecticide and for destroying pests, and (5) linseed oil is emulsified in an aqueous solution of the sodium salt of polymerized acrylic acid. Specifications 351,508 and 359,643, [Group IV], also are referred to.ALSO:Aqueous dispersions of water-insoluble materials are made by incorporating such materials with water-soluble amorphous derivatives of polymeric carboxylic acids of the acrylic acid series or of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids containing a double linkage between two carbon atoms, at least one of which is connected with a carboxyl group, e.g. maleic and itaconic acids, including complex polymerization products obtained by simultaneous condensation and polymerization of polymerizable vinyl compounds, such as styrene, chlorstyrene, or vinyl acetate, with the said acids.  The water-soluble derivatives in question include the salts of the polymerized acids with alkalies, ammonia, water-soluble amines, including alkylolamines, e.g. mono-, di-, or tri-ethanolamine, and their esters, especially with fatty acids, and ethylene polyamines, and also the products from polymerized acrylic nitrile which have been incompletely saponified, e.g. by heating with ammonia under pressure.  When dissolved in water, either alone or mixed with other substances, such as starch, dextrin, British gum, gum arabic, or tragacanth, the viscous masses may be used for dispersing dyestuffs or pigments, to form preparations which may be used as printing pastes, inks, or coating preparations.  The polymerized substances may also be used in the production of colloidal pastes of colouring materials by rolling or kneading with water-soluble resinous and tenacious plastic materials in accordance with the process described in Specification 314,451, [Class 2 (iii), Dyes &c.], the products obtained being particularly suitable for the production of pastes for printing textiles.  The viscous aqueous solutions of the polymerized substances may also be employed, if desired, in conjunction with wetting agents or soaps, for emulsifying hydrocarbons, such as benzine, hydrocarbon oils, vegetable or animal oils or fats, rubber latex, varnishes, lacquers, waxes, and other film-forming substances, for the production of preparations suitable for impregnating or coating textiles, leather, paper or other fibrous materials.  In examples: (1) Indanthrene scarlet G is pasted with an aqueous solution of the sodium salt of polymerized acrylic acid, made by saponifying polymerized acrylic nitrile with aqueous caustic soda, and mixed with wheat-starch thickening, glycerine, potassium carbonate and sodium formaldehydesulphoxylate to form a paste which is printed on to a cotton fabric, steamed, and finished in the usual manner; (2) olive oil is emulsified with a solution containing sodium di-isopropylnaphthalene sulphonate and the incompletely saponified nitrile of polymerized acrylic acid (made by heating polymerized acrylic nitrile, obtained according to example 8 of Specification 358,534, with ammonia under pressure); (3) the calcium compound of lithol fast scarlet R is rolled in a mill with an aqueous solution containing polymerized acrylic acid (made by heating an aqueous solution of acrylic acid with sulphuric acid, formaldehyde, and hydrogen peroxide) and monoethanolamine; the paste obtained, on dilution with water, yields a solution suitable for spraying, e.g. on to leather; (4) a coarsely disperse dyestuff powder, e.g. dimethoxydibenzanthrone is worked up on a roller mill with a paste containing dextrin, inspissated sulphite cellulose waste liquor neutralized with soda, and the sodium salt of polymerized acrylic acid; the product is dried and ground, the resulting powder being readily dispersible in water with the formation of a stable colloidal solution; (5) the product obtained by conjoint polymerization of vinyl acetate and maleic anhydride in presence of benzoyl peroxide is dissolved in ammonia, incorporated with sodium thiosulphate, and mixed with sulphuric acid; a stable emulsion of sulphur is obtained which may be used as an insecticide and for destroying pests; and (6) linseed oil is emulsified in an aqueous solution of the sodium salt of polymerized acrylic acid.  Specifications 181,304, 306,116, 337,737, [all in Class 2 (iii), Dyes &c.], 351,508, and 359,643 also are referred to.ALSO:Aqueous dispersions of water-insoluble materials are made by incorporating such materials with water-soluble amorphous derivatives of polymeric carboxylic acids of the acrylic acid series or of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids containing a double linkage between two carbon atoms, at least one of which is connected with a carboxyl group, e.g. maleic and itaconic acids, including complex polymerization products obtained by simultaneous condensation and polymerization of polymerizable vinyl compounds, such as styrene, chlorstyrene or vinyl acetate, with the said acids.  The water-soluble derivatives in question include the salts of the polymerized acids with alkalies ammonia, water-soluble amines including alkylolamines, and their esters, especially with fatty acids, and ethylene polyamines, and also the products from polymerized acrylic nitrile which have been incompletely saponified, e.g. by heating with ammonia under pressure.  In an example, the product obtained by conjoint polymerization of vinyl acetate and maleic anhydride in presence of benzoyl peroxide is dissolved in ammonia, incorporated with sodium thiosulphate and mixed with sulphuric acid; a stable emulsion of sulphur, which may be used as an insecticide and for destroying pests, is obtained.