Patent GB-816049-A (GB)
Title: A method of manufacturing starch products
IPC: C08B30/14
Filed: 1955-11-15
Abstract: In making a starch product, a suspension of a granular starch material, in an aqueous solution containing at least 5 per cent, based on the weight of starch material, of an organic thickener or binder, is heated and simultaneously dried, in the form of a thin layer, at a temperature above the gelatinizing point of the starch material but not above 180 DEG  C., to distend substantially all the granules of the starch material until their polarization crosses disappear and cement them together to form a film, which is then comminuted into small flakes.  Suitable starch materials are: starch, thin-boiling starch and dextrin, wheat, rye and buckwheat flour, ground cassava or manioc root and starch derivatives retaining the granular structure of starch and exhibiting a polarization cross, e.g. methyl starch, carboxyalkyl ethers of starch and starch acetate or sulphate.  Suitable thickeners or binders are: non-degraded or degraded gelatinized starch, cold-swelling starch, starch esters or ethers, e.g. cold-swelling starch hydroxyethylether, as described in Specification 685,959, [Group V], starch ethers or esters soluble in cold or warm water, as described in Specification 601,374, [Group V], amylopectin, sodium alginate, sodium polyacrylate, glucose syrup, cellulose esters or ethers, e.g. carboxymethylcellulose, gum arabic and carob-bean gum.  An organic liquid such as cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, triethanolamine and benzylamine and/or a water-soluble salt such as sodium sulphate, tartrate or stearate and potassium oxalate may be added to the aqueous solution.  The granular starch material, prior to or during the heating and drying treatment, may be reacted with 0.1 to 5.0 per cent, based on the weight of starch material, of one or more polyfunctional agents each capable of reacting with at least two of the hydroxyl groups present in each molecule of the starch material.  Suitable polyfunctional agents are: 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane, ethylene oxide, glycerol dichlorohydrin, epichlorohydrin, b ,b 1-dichlorodiethyl ether, butadiene dioxide, phosphorus oxychloride, hexamethylene and toluene di-isocyanate, synthetic resin pre-condensates such as dimethylol urea, dimethylol acetone and trimethylol melamine and aldehydes such as formaldehyde and glyoxal.  Borax, pine oil, paraffin wax, stearin and sulphates of aliphatic alcohols may be mixed with the starch product when it is used as a laundry starch.  In examples: (1) a suspension of maize starch in caustic soda solution is treated with 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane at 40-50 DEG  C., the suspension is neutralized, gum arabic is added and the mixture is heated and dried in a thin layer on a rotating drum at 145-150 DEG  C.; (2) maize starch pretreated with 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane, with degraded cold-swelling starch hydroxyethyl ether as additive, is drum dried as in (1); (3) wheat starch is added to a solution of starch hydroxyethylether and dried on a rotating drum at 130-140 DEG  C.; (4) maize starch is dispersed in a mixture of starch hydroxyethylether solution and sodium sulphate and heated in a thin layer on a rotating drum at 140 DEG  to 150 DEG C.; (5) cassava starch is mixed with cyclohexanol, dispersed in a solution of starch hydroxyethylether and drum dried at 120 DEG  to 130 DEG  C.; (6) potato starch in caustic soda solution is treated with epichlorhydrin at 25 DEG  to 30 DEG  C., neutralized, a commercial carboxymethylcellulose is added and the suspension is heated at 65 DEG  to 70 DEG  C. and then dried in a thin layer on a rotating drum at 130 DEG  to 140 DEG  C.; (7) cassava starch in caustic soda solution is treated with phosphorus oxychloride at room temperature, the temperature is raised to 35 DEG  to 40 DEG  C. while ethylene oxide is added, the suspension is neutralized and then dried in a thin layer on a rotating drum at 150 DEG  C.ALSO:In making a size or adhesive or a laundry starch, which can be added in the dry state to wet laundry, a suspension of granular starch material, in an aqueous solution containing at least 5 per cent, based on the weight of starch material, of an organic thickener or binder, is heated and simultaneously dried, in the form of a thin layer, at a temperature above the gelatinizing point of the starch material but not above 180 DEG C., to distend substantially all the granules of the starch material until their polarization crosses disappear and cement them together to form a film, which is then comminuted into small flakes. These flakes, when stirred in cold water immediately disintegrate into separate swollen granules.  Suitable starch materials are:-wheat, cassava and potato starch, thin-boiling starch and dextrin, wheat, rye and buckwheat flour, ground cassava or manioc root and starch derivatives retaining the granular structure of starch and exhibiting a polarization cross, e.g. methyl starch and starch acetate or sulphate.  Suitable thickeners or binders are: non-degraded or degraded gelatinized starch, cold-swelling starch, starch esters or ethers, e.g. cold-swelling starch hydroxyethylether as described in Specification 685,959, starch ethers or esters soluble in cold or warm water as described in Specification 601,374, amylopectin, sodium alginate, sodium polyacrylate, glucose syrup, cellulose esters or ethers, e.g. carboxymethyl-cellulose, gum arabic and carob-bean gum.  An organic liquid such as cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, triethanolamine, and benzylamine and/or water-soluble salt such as sodium sulphate, tartrate, or stearate and potassium oxalate, may be added to the aqueous solution.  The granular starch material, prior to or during the heating and drying treatment, may be treated with 0,1 to 5,0 per cent, based on the weight of starch material of one or more polyfunctional agents each capable of reacting with at least two of the hydroxyl groups present in each molecule of the starch material.  Suitable polyfunctional agents are:-1, 2, 3, 4-diepoxybutane, ethylene oxide, glycerol dichlorohydrin, epichlorohydrin, b b 1-dichlorodiethyl ether, butadiene dioxide, phosphorus oxychloride, hexamethylene and tuluene diisocyanate, synthetic resin pre-condensates such as dimethylol urea, dimethylol acetone and trimethylol melamine and aldehydes such as formaldehyde and glyoxal.  Borax, pine oil, paraffin wax, stearin, and sulphates of aliphatic alcohole may be added to the laundry starch.