baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent CS-223660-B1 (CS)
Inventor: PRIESTER JOZEF
IPC: F16C33/12
Filed: 1980-08-29
Abstract: Vynálezom je vyriešené kízné ložisko s
výstelkou zo zliatín CuPb, alebo CuPbSn a
klznou vrstvou zo zliatín SnPb alebo SnCuPb
tak, že sa neznižuje odolnost ložiska oddělováním
klznej vrstvy a zabraňuje sa jeho
korózii.
Podstata vynálezu spočívá v tom, že pod
klznou vrstvou je nanesená medzivrstva kovu
o hrúbke 0,5 až 5 mikronov. Táto medzivrstva
je bud z technicky čistého železa, alebo
z technicky čistého železa s obsahom
niklu.
Vynález je upotřebitelný vo výrobě klzných
ložísk.
Patent CS-265059-B1 (CS)
Inventor: MARUSZAK STANISLAV ING
IPC: B23K15/00
Filed: 1986-08-18
Abstract: Účelem způsobu je při použití
běžného svařovacího zařízení docílit
kvalitního těsného spoje dvou součástí,
zejména přímočarých hydromotorů. Podstatou
způsobu je, že se do otvoru druhé
součásti ne^říve vloží těsnicí vložka,
jejíž tlouštka je menší než délka
otvoru, která se následně přitlačí osaze
ným koncem první součásti. Poté se obě
součásti spojí obvodovým svarem, po jehož
vychladnutí se v první součásti
nebo/a v těsnicí vložce vytvoří průchozí
otvory, navazující na kanály v druné
součásti.
Patent CS-233949-B1 (CS)
Inventor: LANGER OSKAR
IPC: C11D1/86
Filed: 1983-10-17
Abstract: čisticí prostředek určený předeváim
na myti hladkých podlahových krytin,
oken, smaltovaných a lakovaných povrchů,
dlaždiček a jinýoh keramických předmětů.
Prostředek složený z denzidů, hydrofosforečnanu
nebo porofosforečnanu sodného
nebo draselného, n-butanolu, mono-, dinebo
trietylenglykolu, močoviny, sodné
soli fluoresoeinu a parfému. K ulehčeni
úklidové práce v domácnosti i jinde.
Patent CS-273769-B1 (CS)
Title: Tool insert support in mixer body for comestibles treatment
Inventor: KALOUS ZDENEK
IPC: A47J43/04
Filed: 1988-11-29
Abstract: Mounting of blade holder (4) in body (9) of mixer for food processing is designed for mixers, where between the tank (1) and the flange (6) of the mixer body (9) there is the blade holder (4). In the hole of body (9) partition (10) there is a sealing ring (7) with central hole, while the upper part of the sealing ring (7) is equipped on its outer circumference with an overlap (2), whose bottom surface is in contact with upper surface of the circular partition (10) and the upper surface of the overlap (2) is in contact with the bottom surface of the circular blade holder (4).<IMAGE>
Patent CS-273410-B1 (CS)
Title: Heat exchanger with gravitational thermal tubes
Inventor: OSLEJSEK OLDRICH ING CSC
IPC: F28D15/00
Filed: 1988-11-30
Abstract: The solution concerns the heat exchanger with gravity heat pipes, whose heat pipes have an extended surface and are placed by their evaporation ends in the branch of the hot cooling environment and by its condensing end in the branch of the cold cooling environment. The goal of the solution is to increase thermal efficiency of the heat exchanger, which is achieved by the fact that the length of the heat pipes and their number in the parallel rows is increased in the direction towards outputs of flows of both the cooling environments.<IMAGE>
Patent CS-237528-B1 (CS)
Inventor: KALINA RUDOLF
IPC: B65D1/26
Filed: 1983-10-28
Abstract: Řešení se týká zabezpečení kvalitního
svarů mezi obalovou nádobou a víčkem u strojů,
na tvarování, plnění a uzavírání kelímků
z termoplastických fóliových materiálů a zároveň
zabraňuje poškození krycí fólie při
zastavení stroje. Podstata zařízení podle
vynálezu spočívá v tom, že horní vytápěná
část svařovacího nástroje je spojena s předepnutým
nízkozdvihovým, obvykle pneumatickým
válcem, a po dosednutí spodní části
svařovacího nástroje omezuje horní část
svařovacího nástroje přítlak jeho spodní
části. Přítlak je možno regulovat. Při zastavení
stroje vytápěná část nástroje odjede
od fólie na bezpečnou vzdálenost, při
které již nedochází k poškozování obalového
materiálu.
Patent CS-243282-B1 (CS)
Inventor: RICHTER OTAKAR
IPC: G01T1/20
Filed: 1984-11-07
Abstract: Způsob zhotovení detekčního pole detekční
jednotky pro rtg. diagnostiku spočívá v
tom, že za studená tvrditelnou pryskyřicí se
zalévají scintilační detekční elementy s optickými
vlnovody, které jsou prostorově
rozmístěny v detekční ploše podle požadavků
vyhodnocování. Uvedený způsob zhotovení
detekčního pole zajišťuje požadovanou
homogenní absorpci v celé ploše, zabezpečuje,
aby se scintilační detekční elementy s
optickými vlnovody nezobrazily v obrazovém
poli rtg přístroje, přitom vzniklý celek
se stává mechanicky pevnou a stabilní jednotkou.
Patent CS-212058-B1 (CS)
Inventor: MORISAK ZDENEK
IPC: F16D19/00
Filed: 1979-12-20
Abstract: Účelem vynálezu je vypínací mechanismus
dvojité spojky, umožňující vypínání
obou spojek, s výhodou používaný zejména
u traktorů a samohybných zemědělských
strojů.
Uvedeného účelu je dosaženo ovládacím
pedálem, dosedajícím na spínač, který je
jednak propojený vedením se zásobníkem
energie a jednak dalším vedením s elektromagnetickým
ovladačem ventilu. Elektromagnetický
ovladač je dále propojen druhým
vedením se zásobníkem energie. Ventil
je připojený potrubím k zásobníku a dalším
potrubím s pracovním válcem. Píst pracovního
válce je spojen s koncem vahadla,
jehož druhý konec je propojen seřizovacím
táhlem s vypínací pákou spojky vývodu.
Ventil je opatřen výfukovou tryskou, jejíž
vnitřní průřez je menší než vnitřní průřez
potrubí. Spínač je připevněn proti ramenu
ovládacího pedálu ke karosérii.
Patent CS-257417-B1 (CS)
Inventor: LEBL PAVEL
IPC: F16K1/06
Filed: 1986-12-11
Abstract: Účelem řešení .Je snížení hydraulického
odporu průtočného kanálu tělesa ventilu,
v němž Je upraven lomený kanál tv§-
ru dvou válcových ploch, z nichž alespoň
Jedna Je ukončena kuželovou ploohou, tím,
že hodnota vrcholového úhlu kuželové plochy
Je v rozsahu od 125 do 140°, přičemž
průnik kuželové plochy a válcové plochy
Je zaoblen poloměrem. Jehož hodnota Je v
rozsahu od 0,2 do 0,4 připojovacího průměru
průtočného kanálu.
Patent CS-265618-B1 (CS)
Inventor: PICHLER EVZEN ING CSC
IPC: E02D17/20
Filed: 1987-12-15
Abstract: Vynález sa týká nástrojových držiakov
radiálně mikrometricky nastavitelných pre
sústružnícke automaty. Výhodou vynálezu
je, že nástavec je rozoberatelne a oddělitelně
spojený so základným telesiom, čo umožňuje
upnúť v základnom telese rožne druhy
nástavcov. Takto vytvořené držiaky sú
menšie ako1 pri doterajších konštrukciách.
Podstatou predmetu vynálezu je, že nástrojový
držiak má v základnom telese vytvořený
jednak rybinovitý výstupek pre rybinovitú
drážku nástavca a jednak vnútorný
mikrometrický závit pre miknometrdckú
skrutku nastavovacej jednotky, ktorá je otočne
uložená v spojovacej doske rbzoberatelne
pripevnenej k nástavců a mikrometrická
skrutka nastavovacej jednotky má vytvořenu
jednak hlavu s návinem a jednak
drážku pre výstupek prechádzajúci v osadenie
unáša-cej skrutky, pričom medzi mikroímetrickou
skrutkou a hlavou unášacej
skrutky je na osadení uložená predpatá pružina.
Patent CS-253169-B1 (CS)
Inventor: MICULEK JIRI
IPC: C22C38/42
Filed: 1985-12-17
Abstract: Řešení se týká oboru práškové metalurgie,
kde řeší práškovou směs pro vytvoření
spoje mezi ocelovou objímkou a polykrystalickým
diamantovým jádrem v tvrdokovové
objímce respektive ocelovou objímkou
a diamantovým jádrem. Podstatou řešení
je, že prášková směs obsahuje 30 až
50 % hmot. železa, 2 až 15 % hmot.
silicidu železa, 40 až 60 % hmot. mědi
a 2 až 10 % hmot. cínu.
Patent DK-172362-B1 (DK)
Inventor: KONGSGAARD BJARNE
IPC: A01K1/015
Filed: 1996-10-24
Granted: 1998-04-14
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/DK97/00469 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 4, 1999 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 4, 1999 PCT Filed Oct. 24, 1997 PCT Pub. No. WO98/17953 PCT Pub. Date Apr. 30, 1998A heating element (12) is described for use in flooring, preferably for pigstys (3). The heating elements consist of a liquid filled chamber (16). The liquid in the chamber is brought into heat transmitting connection with a conduit (24) connected with a heat source. The connection between the conduit (24) and the chamber (16) do not have to be pressure tight, as no pressure occurs in the chamber (16). Therefore, a relatively simple connection may be established and there will only be a small risk of leakage.
Patent DK-171609-B1 (DK)
Inventor: HARRIS JOHN
IPC: B65F1/16
Filed: 1990-08-16
Granted: 1997-02-24
Abstract: A container for contaminated materials having an upper entry chute (29) and a hinged door (12) which normally hangs vertically closing the inner end of the chute. When the container is full the door (12) can be lifted until hooks (39) at its lower end engage in apertures (42) in the lid of the container and the whole door can then be pivoted into a closed position closing the entry opening to the chute and thus providing protection from the contaminated chute surface (29). The door has barbed detents (44) which engage in apertures (48) to hold the door positively sealed in its final closed position. In the example illustrated in Figure 6 there is a separate hinged closure (72) for closing the outer end of the entry chute.
Patent FI-102744-B1 (FI)
Inventor: JAERVELIN HARRI
IPC: C07C41/06
Filed: 1995-12-22
Granted: 1999-02-15
Abstract: A process for producing tertiary alkyl ethers by reacting an olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock, which contains a mixture of reactive C4-C7 isoolefins, with an alkanol in the presence of a catalyst that will enhance the reaction between the isoolefins and the alkanol. By adjusting the weight ratio of the isobutylene to the reactive C6 isoolefins of the feed to a value of about 0.2 to 10, it is possible to increase the conversion of reactive C4's to over 95%, of reactive C5's to over 85% and of reactive C6's to over 57%.
Patent FI-102603-B1 (FI)
Title: Arrangement for removing binding wires from around cross- bound bales after the wires have been cut
Inventor: VEHVILAEINEN KEIJO
IPC: B65B69/00
Filed: 1997-06-13
Granted: 1999-01-15
Abstract: The invention concerns an arrangement 1 for removing binding wires 5, 6 bound around cellulose bales 4 or similar bales. An arrangement 1 in accordance with the invention comprises a centring device 2 which can be placed in the centre of a lateral surface 10 of the bale 4 and by which the severed wires 5, 6 can be moved essentially in the direction of the edges 11; 12 of the said lateral surface 10 to the centre section of lateral surface 10, and a coiling device 3 for coiling up the wires 5, 6 collected in the centre section. The removal arrangement 1 can be moved sideways for bale 4 in order to remove the coiled-up wire ball 9 from the coiling device 3 to a convenient place. <IMAGE>
Patent IE-37839-B1 (IE)
Title: Process for the conversion of 3-methyl-3-hydroxycepham compounds
IPC: C07D501/22
Filed: 1973-06-22
Abstract: 1382756 Reacting 3-methyl-3-hydroxycepham compounds ELI LILLY & CO 18 June 1973 [30 June 1972] 28799/73 Heading C2C A process for treating a cepham compound comprises reacting a 3-methyl-3-hydroxy cepham compound of formula with a halogen reagent which is PX 5 or SOX 2 (X = Cl or Br) in the presence of at least one mole of an alkaline agent which is a tertiary amine or an inorganic alkaline salt per mole of the cepham compound and at 60-150‹ C., to form a mixture comprising a compound of formula a compound of formula and a compound of formula wherein R is the residue of an imide derived from a dicarboxylic acid, and R 1 is a carboxy protecting group. The halogen reagent is preferably present in an amount from 1À1 to 2À0 moles per mole of cepham compound and the tertiary amine is preferably present in an amount from 1À0 to 2-0 moles per mole of cepham compound. The tertiary amine is preferably triethyl amine. The following reactions are exemplified (i) the conversion of methyl 7-phthalimido-3α- methyl - 3# - hydroxycepham - 4 - carboxylate to a mixture of methyl 7-phthalimido-3α-methyl - 3# - chlorocepham - 4 - carboxylate, methyl 7 - phthalimido - 3α - methyl - 3 - cepham - 4- carboxylate and methyl 6 - phthalimido - 2α- chloromethylpenam - 2# - methyl - 3 - carboxylate, (ii) the conversion of p-nitrobenzyl 7- phthalimido - 3α - methyl - 3# - hydroxycepham- 4-carboxylate to compounds analogous to those obtained in (i), and (iii) the conversion of pmethoxybenzyl 7 - phthalimido - 3α - methyl- 3# - hydroxycepham - 4 -carboxylate to compounds analogous to those obtained in (i).
[GB1382756A]
Patent IE-39799-B1 (IE)
Title: Improvements in pneumatic tyres
IPC: B60C9/28
Filed: 1974-06-11
Abstract: 1477210 Pneumatic tyres MICHELIN & CIE (COMPAGNIE GENERALE DES ETABS MICHELIN) 11 June 1974 [12 June 1973] 25912/74 Heading B7C A pneumatic tyre comprises at least one parallel cord carcass ply, the cords of which form an angle of 70 to 90 degrees with the circumferential direction in the sidewalls and in the crown a smaller angle with the circumferential direction, and three superposed oblique parallel cord breaker plies making respective angles with the circumferential direction, wherein the direction of the cords of the breaker ply next adjacent the carcass differs by at most approximately 30 degrees from the perpendicular to one diagonal of a parallelogram with sides parallel to the cords of the other two breaker plies, the other diagonal being parallel to the circumferential direction. As illustrated in Fig. 3, angles α, #, γ are + 23, - 16, and + 31 degrees respectively. The embodiment of Figs. 4 and 5 comprises a rayon cord carcass ply 1, and a breaker consisting of a rayon cord ply 53, a polyvinyl alcohol cord ply 4, and a steel cord ply 5. Initially the plies are wound in a cylindrical drum with cord angles #=80 degrees (the carcass ply has same cord angle over its whole width prior to shaping), α= +38, #= -31, γ= + 73 degrees. After shaping (with the tyre diameter being 1À5 times the diameter of the cylindrical blank) the cord angles were #= -55¢, α= +23, # = - 16, and γ= +31 degrees. Rubber strips 55 are positioned beneath folded edges 54.
[GB1477210A]
Patent IE-48608-B1 (IE)
Title: Medicinal formulation
IPC: A61K9/08
Filed: 1979-08-08
Abstract: 1. A stable liquid formulation containing 2,6-diamino-5-(3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzyl)-pyrimidine (trimethoprim) and a sulfonamide of the formula I see diagramm : EP0009559,P6,F1 in which R is 6-chloro-2-pyrazinyl or 6-chloro-3-pyridazinyl, or a salt thereof, in the quantity ratio of 1 : 1 to 1 : 20, preferably 1 : 4 to 1 : 5, with a total proportion of 15 to 25 per cent by weight being dissolved in a physiologically compatible, watermiscible solvent, a solubility-promoting agent and a surfactant, and a base in the case where the sulfonamide is not used as a salt, in which composition the solvent used is N-methylpyrrolidone, the surfactant used is bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-Na-sulfosuccinate or poly-oxyethylene-sorbitan monolaurate (polysorbatum 20), the solubility-promoting agent used is hydroxyethyltheophylline or polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25, and the base used is ethenolamine.
Patent IE-65574-B1 (IE)
Title: Improved process for producing a dietary corn fibre
Inventor: GIESFELDT J E TODD
IPC: A23L1/308
Filed: 1991-05-02
Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for producing corn fiber having a high total dietary fiber content and a reduced SO2 content. A dilute aqueous slurry of the corn fiber obtained from the corn wet-milling process is separated by means of a hydroclone to give a fiber fraction of enhanced total dietary fiber content. This fiber fraction is then passed into a first centrifugal paddle screen followed by two stages of washing, including washing with a second centrifugal paddle screen. Fiber from the second centrifugal paddle screen, which is optionally pressed to remove water that contains dissolved SO2, is dried to make the final product. Heated water can be used during washing to remove additional SO2 more effectively.
Patent IE-39063-B1 (IE)
Title: Stone faced surface element and method and apparatus for the manufacture thereof
IPC: B28D7/04
Filed: 1973-09-03
Abstract: The invention provides surface elements such as tiles or panels consisting of a thin lamina of natural stone bonded to a backing consisting of a multicellular paper core material of substantially greater thickness than said lamina which at least on the side remote from the stone lamina has a skin of tenacious sheet material bonded thereto. The resultant composite element is extremely rigid, light and cheap to produce in comparison with solid stone and may be cut into any desired shape and used as a substitute for solid stone, but with the advantages of lightness, strength and low cost thus enabling such surface elements to be used for many purposes where the use of solid stone would be economically or practicably prohibitive.
[US3963846A]
Patent IE-46040-B1 (IE)
Title: Container closure units
IPC: B67D1/08
Filed: 1977-08-18
Abstract: The bung is fitted on the inside with an outer cylinder (116). The cylinder fits underneath a collar (114) which is screwed into the bung. The cylinder has a glange (119) at the top end and a base (122) resting on a support (121). An inner cylinder (123) passes through the base and is held against the flange (119) by a coil spring (136) acting against the base. The inside of the cylinder has another plug (113) which is also spring loaded by a coil spring (144). The barrel may be pressurised with carbon dioxide passing through the inner valve and the fluid may be expelled from the barrel by depressing the outer valve.
Patent IE-51970-B1 (IE)
Title: Elastic bandages
IPC: B32B25/10
Filed: 1981-07-30
Abstract: Moisture vapour transmitting elastic bandages which comprise an inner layer of fabric and an outer layer of fabric bonded to a central layer characterised in that the central layer comprises an elastomeric film are described.
Patent IE-47886-B1 (IE)
Title: Coffee product and process
IPC: A23F5/38
Filed: 1978-10-27
Abstract: Coffee prod. consists of free-flowing agglomerates contg. soluble coffee particles and finely ground, roasted coffee. Finely ground, roasted coffee proportion is 2-20 (8-12) wt. % w.r.t. the 2 coffee components, and has a particle size such that 90 wt. % of the ground coffee can pass through a 75 (25) mu screen. Granular, soluble coffee obtd. yields min. sediment on preparing beverages.
Patent IE-56452-B1 (IE)
Title: Image processors
IPC: G06T5/00
Filed: 1983-09-27
Abstract: A system is provided which separates line image data from a complex background by analyzing both contrast and shape characteristics of the image data. The system inherently provides image rotations and compression, Image quality monitoring is also provided.
Patent IE-66693-B1 (IE)
Title: Macrocyclic polyaza compounds containing 5 or 6 rings process for producing them and pharmaceutical media containing them
Inventor: PLATZEK JOHANNES DR
IPC: C07D513/08
Filed: 1989-07-19
Abstract: Macrocyclic compounds of the general formula I <IMAGE>  in which  @is a single or double bond,  q is the numbers 0-5, A and B, which are identical or different, are each a straight-chain or branched alkylene group with 2 to 6 carbon atoms, D is a nitrogen, oxygen atom, the group =C=O, =NR<2> with R<2> being a hydrogen atom or a C1-C6-alkyl group, the group <IMAGE> with R<3> being a hydrogen or halogen atom, a phenyl, a C1-C6-alkyl group which is optionally substituted by one or more phenyl and/or hydroxyl group(s), being the radical OR<5> where R<5> is a C1-C6-alkyl radical which is optionally substituted by 1 to 3 hydroxyl groups, being the substituent <IMAGE> where l is the numbers 0 and 1 and R<6> and R<7> are, independently of one another, hydrogen atoms, the radical R<5>, phenyl or benzyl radicals which are optionally substituted by 1 to 3 hydroxyl groups, or R<6> and R<7> are, together with the nitrogen atom, a saturated or unsaturated, 5- or 6-membered ring which optionally contains another nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur atom or a carbonyl group and which is optionally substituted by 1 to 3 radicals R<5>, or one of the substituents R<6> or R<7> is the radical <IMAGE> or being the substituent G where G is a second macrocycle which is bonded via a direct bond, a bis(carbonylamino) group (-NH-CO-CO-NH-) or via a C1-C20-alkylene group which optionally carries at the ends carbonyl (> CO) or carbonylamino (-NH-CO-) groups or oxygen atoms and optionally contains one or more oxygen atom(s), Z-, acyl- or hydroxyacyl-substituted imino groups or one to two C-C double and/or C-C triple bonds, and has the general formula II <IMAGE> in which D<1> has the same meaning as D with the exception that D<1> does not contain the substituent G, or is the radical -CH-, =C- or -N- and F<1> has the same meaning as F with the exception that F<1> does not contain the substituent G, or is the radical -CH-, or =C-,  E is a nitrogen, sulphur, oxygen atom, the <IMAGE> or >NR<4> group with R<4> being a hydroxyl group, being R<2> or being an optionally hydroxylated or carboxylated C1-C6-alkyl group, F is (-CHR<8>-)n or (=CR<8>)n with n being the numbers 0 or 1 and R<8> being R<1> or G,  R<1> is a hydrogen or halogen atom or a C1-C6-alkyl group, Z is a hydrogen atom or the group -CH2COOY with Y being a hydrogen atom and/or a metal ion equivalent of an element of atomic numbers 21-29, 31, 32, 37-39, 42-44, 49 or 57-83, with the proviso that at least two of the substituents Z are the radical -CH2COOY and that the macrocyclic compound of the general formula I does not contain more than one radical G, and the salts thereof with inorganic and/or organic bases, amino acids or amino amides are valuable diagnostic and therapeutic agents.
Patent IE-56023-B1 (IE)
Title: Topically administrable anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical compositions
IPC: A61K47/00
Filed: 1983-10-06
Abstract: Novel topically administrable pharmaceutical composition containing, as active ingredient, from approximately 0.1 to approximately 10% by weight of a non-steroidal, anti- inflammatorially active compound having at least one acidic group, from approximately 10 to approximately 50% by weight of a water-soluble, volatile lower alkanol having from 2 up to and including 4 carbon atoms, from approximately 3 to approximately 15% by weight of an optionally self-emulsifying lipid or a mixture of lipids, from approximately 0.5 to approximately 2% by weight of a gel structure former, from approximately 1 to approximately 20% by weight of a co-solvent, from approximately 40 to approximately 80% by weight of water, optionally from approximately 0.5 to approximately 5% by weight of an emulsifier if the lipid phase is not self-emulsifying and, if desired, non-essential constituents.
Patent IE-56438-B1 (IE)
Title: Modified strains of bovine viral diarrhoea virus,preparation thereof and vaccines containing them
IPC: A61K39/155
Filed: 1983-10-12
Abstract: A live bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) virus vaccine capable of producing immunity in bovines without causing significant side effects comprising a temperature sensitive (ts) mutant of BVD virus which is obtained by mutating a strain of BVD virus with nitrous acid. The temperature sensitive mutants show a replication ability considerably limited at the animal body temperature of 39.5 DEG  C. The vaccine may be combined with other live bovine vaccines such as respiratory virus vaccines and then administered to bovines.
Patent IE-58245-B1 (IE)
Title: Micro-encapsulation of medicaments
IPC: A61K9/16
Filed: 1985-10-07
Abstract: The microencapsulation of medicamentous water-soluble substances is carried out by phase separation. The operations of the hardening step take place at a temperature comprised between about 0 DEG and about 25 DEG C., the non-solvent used during this step being an aliphatic fluorinated or fluorohalogenated hydrocarbon or a mixture of such hydrocarbons. Further, the non-solvent is used in an excess with respect to the volume of solvent and non-solvent resulting from the phase-separation step.