Patent GB-1360092-A (GB)
Title: Method and system of liquid scintillation counting
IPC: G01T1/204
Filed: 1971-09-10
Abstract: 1360092 Liquid scintillation counting; combusting radio-active samples for analysis INTERTECHNIQUE SA 10 Sept 1971 [11 Sept 1970] 42331/71 Headings G1A and G1B In a method and apparatus for making a liquid scintillation count on a plurality of radio-active samples the samples which may be encapsulated in combustible material are successively introduced into a combustion chamber 12, a sample being automatically introduced when the combustion product from the preceding sample has been removed from the chamber; each sample is combusted in the chamber; the combustion products from each sample are passed to an absorber 26 wherein volatile oxides are removed to be combined with a scintillator to produce at least one liquid sample per radio-active sample; and each liquid sample is conveyed to a detection chamber 116 where its radio-activity is determined by scintillation counting. Fig. 1 shows apparatus for measuring samples each containing <SP>3</SP>H and/or <SP>14</SP>C. After combustion, the products flow to an HTO absorber 26 via valves 24 and 25. Oxygen flowing into the furnace can be vented to atmosphere via 24 when a sample is not being burned, and valve 25 directs the products to a <SP>14</SP>CO 2  absorber 52 when <SP>3</SP>H is not being monitored. A scintillator suitable for HTO, e.g. dioxane, naphthalene, PPO, PPOP is pumped into the absorber 26 from a reservoir 96. Mixing of scintillator and combustion products takes place, to produce a fist liquid test sample. This sample plus residual gases, comprising unabsorbed combustion product and excess oxygen, together are directed to which ever of stores 36 and 40 is vacant following the preceding combustion operation. While the appropriate store is being filled nitrogen is flowed therethrough to sweep all the gaseous components into a CO 2  absorber 52 via lines 46 and 50. At the same time that store 36 is being filled, store 40 is being washed by washing agent pumped from a reservoir 104 by a pump 94 via valve 32, and vice versa. Thus one of stores 36, 40 is always clean and ready to receive a test sample. The test sample is next passed to detector 116 where a scintillation count is made of its radio-activity. After this the sample passes to a waste reservoir 140 from which any gaseous residue is extracted by a vacuum source 127 to pass to a scrubber 88 which removes any noxious products. The measurement of <SP>14</SP>CO 2  is carried out in parallel with that of HTO by a corresponding series of operations, i.e. the counts in HTO detector 116 and <SP>14</SP>CO 2  detector 126 are made simultaneously. The scintillator mixed with the <SP>14</SP>CO 2  in absorber 52 may be toluene, phenylethylamine, methanol, PPO and PPOP. All the valves in the system are operated by a programme control unit so that the sequence of operations is carried out in a pre-selected manner, starting from the time when a radioactive sample is photo-electrically detected, Fig. 8 (not shown) adjacent the mouth of the furnace 12 on a conveyor. This conveyor comprises a plurality of compartments (166) each capable of carrying a single sample. These compartments travel over a solid flat plate which has an aperture through which the sample drops adjacent the mouth of the furnace, Figs. 2, 3 (not shown). The furnace comprises a vertical tube (172) surrounded by a heating jacket (176). It is packed with a catalyst, e.g. a mixture of copper oxide and hopcalite. The HTO absorber, Fig. 4 (not shown) has a conical entrance portion (191), through which flow the combustion products including HTO, surrounded by an annular channel (192) through which flows the scintillator. Products and scintillator are intimately mixed in a coil (196) surrounded by a cooling chamber (198). The <SP>14</SP>CO 2  absorber, Fig. 5 (not shown) includes a flat metal sheet (204) which is rotated in an elongated, cooled tube (203) in which the scintillator and combustion products are mixed. The detecting arrangement includes two photomultipliers, Fig. 6 (not shown). Their output pulses are summed at 252 amplified logarithmically at 254 and fed to a gate 256 which is opened only by coincident pulses. This gate feeds a single channel analyzer 258 whose output is counted at 262. The count is displayed visually at 264 and printed out at 266. Modifications The apparatus of Fig. 1 may be used to measure either HTO alone or <SP>14</SP>CO 2  alone in a sample by using the appropriate absorber and adjusting the programme control unit accordingly. For counting both <SP>3</SP>H and <SP>14</SP>C in a sample without separate absorption steps, the apparatus of Fig. 11 (not shown) may be used. A single absorber collects and traps both HTO and <SP>14</SP>CO 2  and mixes them with a suitable scintillator. In this case the output of the gate 256 is applied to two single channel analyzers (280, 282) set to the two pulse amplitude ranges associated with the two isotopes. Among other isotopes which may be detected are <SP>32</SP>P and <SP>35</SP>S.