baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent WO-0065104-A1 (WO)
Title: Procede pour durcir des rainures annulaires par faisceau laser
Inventor: WEIS MICHAEL
IPC: C21D1/09
Filed: 2000-03-21
Abstract: Dans un procédé pour durcir les rainures de pistons en acier ou de têtes de pistons en acier, on doit empêcher que le fond de la rainure soit durci. A cet effet, le faisceau laser est dirigé dans le sens sensiblement tangentiel, vers les flancs des rainures.
Patent WO-0113520-A1 (WO)
Inventor: WILHELM HARTMUT
IPC: H03L7/197
Filed: 2000-04-13
Abstract: Procédé de répartition de fréquence, en particulier pour la synthèse haute fréquence à l'aide d'une boucle à phase asservie ou à fréquence asservie, par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif compteur (19, 25) à réglage de la fréquence à l'aide d'un mot de commande. Un opérande (S) est prédéterminé pour le dispositif compteur en tant que puissance de 2 (S = 2<n>) et une valeur d'arrêt de compteur ou plus précisément une zone de comptage maximale est prédéterminée en tant que mot de commande (r). Un dépassement du compteur se produit lorsque ladite valeur ou zone est atteinte et un nouveau cycle de comptage commence.
Patent WO-0149888-A1 (WO)
Title: Verfahren zum bainitisieren von stahlteilen
Inventor: FOERSTER LOTHAR
IPC: C21D1/20
Filed: 2000-10-18
Abstract: Es wird ein Verfahren zum Bainitisieren von Stahlteilen vorgeschlagen. Dazu wird zunächst ein Austenitisieren der Stahlteile und anschließend Abschreckung der Stahlteile auf eine Start-Temperatur (T2) vorgenommen, die oberhalb der Martensit-Starttemperatur (TM) der Stahlteile liegt. Danach erfolgt zunächst ein erstes isothermes Lagern der Stahlteile bei der Start-Temperatur (T2) über einen ersten Zeitraum (Δtiso, 1). Anschließend erfolgt ein zweites, isothermes Lagern der Stahlteile über einen zweiten Zeitraum (Δtiso, 2) bei einer Finish-Temperatur (T3), die oberhalb der Start-Temperatur (T2) liegt. Das vorgeschlagene Verfahren eignet sich besonders zum schnellen Bainitisieren von Stahlteilen, wobei ein reines Bainit-Gefüge erreicht werden kann, und sich die Kernhärte der erhaltenen Stahlteile durch die Start-Temperatur (T2), die Finish-Temperatur (T3), die Dauer des ersten Zeitraumes (Δtiso, 1) und die Dauer des zweiten Zeitraumes (Δtiso, 2) einstellen läßt.
Patent WO-0144652-A1 (WO)
Title: Brennstoffeinspritzventil
Inventor: YILDIRIM FEVZI
IPC: F02M51/06
Filed: 2000-12-14
Abstract: Ein Brennstoffeinspritzventil (1) für Brennstoffeinspritzanlagen von Brennkraftmaschinen besteht aus einer Magnetspule (8), einem in einer Schliessrichtung von einer Rückstellfeder beaufschlagten Anker (21) und einem mit dem Anker (21) kraftschlüssig in Verbindung stehenden Ventilschliesskörper. Dieser bildet zusammen mit einer Ventilsitzfläche einen Dichtsitz, wobei der Anker (21) mit einer Ankeranschlagfläche (42) an einer Magnetpolfläche (44) eines Magnekörpers (43) anschlägt. Die Ankeranschlagfläche (42) weist eine an einen Innenrand (47) angrenzende, innenliegende, ringförmige erste Randzone (31a), die bezüglich einer Ebene senkrecht zur Längsachse (30) des Ankers (21) nach innen geneigt ist, und eine an einen Aussenrand (46) angrenzende, aussenliegende, ringförmige zweite Randzone (31b), die bezüglich einer Ebene senkrecht zur Längsachse (30) des Ankers (21) nach aussen geneigt ist, auf.
Patent WO-0188909-A1 (WO)
Title: Gestaltung der führung einer optischen abtastvorrichtung
Inventor: HERMANNS INGO
IPC: G11B7/085
Filed: 2001-05-11
Abstract: Die Erfindung schafft eine optische Abtastvorrichtung (1) zum Lesen von auf einem rotierenden Aufzeichnungsträger (2) gespeicherten Daten mit: einem Abtastkopf (10); mindestens einer Führungseinrichtung (11) zum Führen des Abtastkopfes (10) entlang einer vorbestimmten Bahn; mindestens einer mit dem Abtastkopf (10) verbundenen Lagereinrichtung (12) zum Lagern der mindestens einen Führungseinrichtung (11); und mit mindestens einer elastichen Vorspanneinrichtung (13) zum Aufbringen einer statischen Vorlast auf die mindestens eine Führungseinrichtung (11) zum Verspannen derselben und der mindestens einen mit dem Abtastkopf (10) verbundenen Lagereinrichtung (12) gegeneinander zum Eliminieren einer Relativbewegung.
Patent WO-02086320-A1 (WO)
Inventor: ROTHKOPF JOHANN
IPC: F04B1/107
Filed: 2002-04-22
Abstract: Die Verdrängerpumpe weist einen in einer Pumpenkammer (18) angeordneten, umlaufend angetriebenen Pumpenrotor (16) auf, der über seinen Umfang verteilt mehrere zumindest annähernd radial zu seiner Drehachse (22) verlaufende, an dessen Mantel offene Führungen (34) aufweist, in denen Verdrängerelemente (38) dicht geführt sind, die radial nach aussen an einer exzentrisch zur Drehachse (22) des Pumpenrotors (16) ausgebildeten Laufbahn (40) abrollen, wobei durch die Verdrängerelemente (38) in den Führungen (34) radial innen liegende Arbeitsräume (39) begrenzt werden, die beim Saughub der Verdrängerelemente (38) mit wenigstens einer Ansaugöffnung (42) und beim Förderhub der Verdrängerelemente (38) mit wenigstens einer Auslassöffnung (44) verbunden sind. Die Arbeitsräume (39) sind mit beiden Stirnseiten des Pumpenrotors (16) über jeweils einen Durchbruch (36) verbunden, wobei die wenigstens eine Ansaugöffnung (42) und die wenigstens eine Auslassöffnung (44) in einander gegenüberliegenden, die Pumpenkammer (18) jeweils in Richtung der Drehachse (22) des Pumpenrotors (16) begrenzenden Pumpenkammerwänden (26, 24) ausgebildet sind.
Patent WO-03066239-A1 (WO)
Title: Verfahren zum auftragen von farben oder lacken
Inventor: BUESTGENS BURKHARD
IPC: B05D1/02
Filed: 2003-01-22
Abstract: Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Auftragen von Farben oder Lacken mit Hilfe einer Auftragseinrichtung zur farblichen Gestaltung von Objektflächen des Hoch-, Tief- und Ingenieurbaus gemäß einer zuvor vorgenommenen Implementierung einer digitalen Bildvorlage in ein zuvor erfasstes, die Objektfläche repräsentierendes digitales Flächenobjekt. Erfindungsgemäß wird die Auftragseinrichtung im Kontakt mit der Oberfläche über die Ob-jektfläche bewegt, kontinuierlich die Position der Auftragseinrichtung gemessen oder unter Hinzuziehung von Bewegungssensoren errechnet und in Abhängigkeit der so bestimmten Position Farbe entsprechend der Implementierung abgegeben. Dabei wird durch die Auftragseinrichtung der Farbauftrag automatisch dann unterbunden, wenn die Position der Auftragseinrichtung hinsichtlich einer vorgegebenen Akzeptanzschwelle für einen Positionsfehler nicht hinreichend genau bestimmbar ist oder wenn an der Position der Farbauftragelemente die entsprechende Farbe oder der Lack schon vollständig aufgetragen worden ist.
Patent WO-03078992-A1 (WO)
Inventor: GRASER THEODOR
IPC: G01N27/409
Filed: 2003-02-17
Abstract: L'invention concerne un élément détecteur (10), de type stratiforme, servant à détecter une propriété physique d'un gaz ou d'un liquide, notamment à détecter la concentration d'un composant d'un gaz ou la température des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne. L'élément détecteur (10) comprend une première et une deuxième couche (21, 22) ainsi qu'au moins une surface de contact (30) placée dans un plan situé entre la première et la deuxième couche (21, 22). La première couche (21) présente un évidement (40, 41, 42) dans la région de la surface de contact (30).
Patent WO-2004044446-A1 (WO)
Inventor: WITTENBECHER WOLFGANG
IPC: F16D3/84
Filed: 2003-11-07
Abstract: L'invention concerne un soufflet de protection composé d'un soufflet (1) et d'une douille (2), notamment destiné à des systèmes de transmission de force dans un véhicule. Selon l'invention, le soufflet (1) et la douille (2) sont conçus et reliés l'un à l'autre de manière que leur liaison reste étanche indépendamment des contraintes et des influences à long terme.
Patent DE-1902176-A1 (DE)
Title: Prepn of aryl mercaptides
Inventor: FLORIAN DR WERNER
IPC: C07F9/18
Filed: 1969-01-17
Abstract: A diaryl disulphide is reacted with 1-1.2 moles zinc dust per mole of diaryl disulphide, optionally in the presence of a Lewis acid or Ansolvo acid, in an organic solvent or solvent mixture at between room temperature and the b.p. of the mixture. As Ansolvo acid, aluminium-, zinc-, or tin-tetra- or antimony-penta-chloride or boron trifluoride may be used. The zinc aryl mercaptides obtained are intermediates for herbicides, pharmaceuticals, dyestuffs and rubber auxiliaries.
Patent DE-1902274-A1 (DE)
Title: 1,2,7,8-tetramethyltricyclo-/2,2,2,o2,6/- - octene-7 from a mixture of butadiene
Inventor: RING DR WOLFHARD
IPC: C07C13/605
Filed: 1969-01-17
Abstract: Title cpd. is produced by reacting amixt. of butandiene-(1, 3) and butine-(2) in a pref. molar ratio of 4:1 to 2:3, in the presence of Ticl4 and alkyl aluminium sesquichloride (where the mol. concn. ratio of Al to Ti cpds. is 40:1 to 70:1) at 35-65 degrees C in different diluents (benzene, toluene ethylbenzene) in a continues operation in the presence of 10-100 ppm water. At higher monomer concn., the application of higher pressure is favourable. The product, after isomersn. is slightly acid media is a co-monomer in the manuf. of butyl rubber from isobutylene or of ethylene-propylene rubber.
Patent DE-1902446-A1 (DE)
Title: Heat cureable p t f e dispersions for non- - slip coatings
IPC: C08J3/03
Filed: 1969-01-18
Abstract: Heat cured PTFE dispersions have composition: (i) 25-75% of a mixture of 55-80% water and 20-45% water miscible solvent; (ii) 15-50% PTFE; (iii) 15-50% of a condensation product prepared by reaction of a trifunctional phenol and at least one aldehyde in the ratio 1:(1.2-3.0) in presence of oxides or hydroxides of metals of Group II of the periodic table. The condensate is modified by introduction of 0.02-0.2 g. atoms of N. Such dispersions may be cured at low temps. enabling them to be used on temp. sensitive substrates. They give hard abrasion and chemically resistant non-slip coatings.
Patent DE-1934540-A1 (DE)
Title: Prepn of a crude detergent mixture of non- - ionic cpds
Inventor: ASAO HIROSHI
IPC: C07H15/08
Filed: 1969-07-08
Abstract: A crude detergent mixture of at least one fatty acid ester, a saccharose alkylene oxide condensation prod and one fatty acid ester of an alcohol-alkylene oxide condensation prod is obtained by dissolving saccharose in water and/or mono-or poly-valent alcohol(s) suitable for forming a condensation prod esterifying the resulting condensation prod mixture with fatty acid(s) or lower alkyl ester(s) of fatty acid(s).
Patent DE-1934937-A1 (DE)
Title: Vacuum deposition control glass changer
Inventor: JENNE RUDOLF
IPC: C23C14/56
Filed: 1969-07-10
Abstract: The changing mechanism for control glasses, described in 67, 07048, used to follow the vacuum deposition of multilayer systems (such as infra red reflection filters) can give difficulties when operated above 150 degrees C, but is now improved to allow operation at 200-400 degrees C, by providing a lifting stud for the control glass pick-up tongue and by providing a guide to prevent the raised glass from escaping sideways, is now hinged by a bolt in a blind hole.
Patent DE-1935308-A1 (DE)
Title: Alkyl derivatives of mitomycin b,potent bacteriostatics, - intermediates of valuable antibacterial compounds
Inventor: UZU KEIZO
IPC: C07D487/04
Filed: 1969-07-11
Abstract: Alkyl derivs. of mitomycin B of the general formula: (where R is C1-C5 alkyl), are produced by reacting mitomycin B, at a temp. between 0 degrees C and the b.pt. of the applied solvent, which is inert to the reactants and consists pref. of at least one aromatic hydrocarbon and at least one polar aprotic solvent, with an alkali (Na, K or Li) hydride, and subjecting the reaction mixture to alkylation with, e.g. methyl iodide, ethyl iodide or dialkyl sulphate. Generally about 10 hr. are required for the procedure. The product is isolated by chromatography on silica gel.
Patent DE-1937748-A1 (DE)
Title: Baking fat in flake or film form for cracker - biscuit continuous production
IPC: A23D9/013
Filed: 1969-07-25
Abstract: Baking fat in flake, leaf or granulated condition consists of 1-10% by wt. vegetable oil, 20-80% unsolidified vegetable or animal fat and 10-70% solidified fat having a melting point between 38 and 44 degrees C, together with up to 5% by wt. fatty acid monoglycerides. These compounds with added leavening agents are formed into a film which is cut up and passed to a beater for crushing, cooling and packing.
Patent DE-1949300-A1 (DE)
Title: Device for forming selvedges on heavy duty - tufted webs woven in shuttleless looms
IPC: D03C7/00
Filed: 1969-09-30
Abstract: Device for forming selvedges on heavy duty tufted webs in which twisted yarns are looped about the selvedge yarns of the upper and lower sheds by thread guides passed through the upper and lower sheds from above or below the canvas in which the twisted yarns are interlocked comprises a head frame on which the upper and lower thread guides are disposed in pairs in a vertically spaced arrangement and the selvedge yarn guides for alternate lateral displacement of the selvedge yarns to the right and the left are controlled by a cam.
Patent DE-1954546-A1 (DE)
Title: N-mono-and n,n'-bis-hydroxy alkyl piperaines - prodn using inert polar solvents
Inventor: ADAM KARL DR
IPC: C07D295/088
Filed: 1969-10-30
Abstract: High yields of pure N-mono- and N,N'-bis-hydroxyalkylpiperazines for use as pharmaceutical intermediates are obtained by reacting piperazine with alkylene oxides, esp ethylene oxide in inert polar solvents, b.p. 130-170 degrees at ordinary pressure (an alcohol, an ether or ether alcohol e.g. ethylene-glycol-mono-n-propylether, or an ester e.g. isoamylacetate), and dissolving at least 5 w/% piperazine at 50 degrees. Slightly raised pressures and temp. of 80-120 degrees are favoured. No catalysts are required.
Patent DE-1964359-A1 (DE)
Title: Concrete slab
Inventor: DROEGE JOSEF
IPC: C04B28/02
Filed: 1969-12-23
Abstract: Concrete slab for floor covering comprises cement and additives, such as gravel, stone chippings, quartz sand etc., together with embedded glass fibres and/or plastics fibres. Pref the fibres are chopped into short lengths. This improves the physical properties of a low weight slab.
Patent DE-2017570-A1 (DE)
Title: Ice cream block stick inserter
IPC: A23G9/26
Filed: 1970-04-13
Abstract: Sticks are inserted in heart or ball shaped ice-cream blocks when these are chopped after extrusion. Sticks are fed from a vibro-bin into grooves on a drum via fingers which are swung into the cross grooves or a peripheral groove on the drum so as to feed sticks in or block their entry depending on signals from detector cells or switches arranged in the path of the sticks. The detectors check stick presence or absence to maintain flow. A tray ahead of the conveyor belt takes sticks over from the drum and lines these up by means of sprung hoops above the tray, and the sticks are pushed via rollers and lever at the far end of the belt into the ice blocks in synchronism with the block progress from extruder through chopper, for movement onward through cooling and packing stations.
Patent DE-2026696-A1 (DE)
Title: Withdrawing fibres or fibre tows - of moderate strength - using an ejector nozzle
IPC: D01D5/098
Filed: 1970-06-01
Abstract: Highly texturised polyester fibres are withdrawn using an ejector nozzle as in the parent patent by supplying the ejector nozzle with compressed air at pressures varying between 0.3 and 4 atm.
Patent DE-2063146-A1 (DE)
Title: Light concrete - contg foamed plastic added to initial component mixt as unfoamed plastic granulate
IPC: C04B16/08
Filed: 1970-12-22
Abstract: Plastic to be foamed is added as granulate to mixt. of remaining mixing components for concrete prodn., and foaming is effected during and/or after mixing by supplying heat, pref. as steam. Light concrete prod. is suitable for building materials.
Patent DE-2105355-A1 (DE)
Title: Benzylamino-cyclohexanes and - tetrahydropyrans - having antipyretic, secretolytic and antitussive action
IPC: C07D309/14
Filed: 1971-02-05
Abstract: Title cpds. are of formula (I) : (where R1 and R2 are each H, halogen, lower alkyl or lower alkyloxy, or R1 + R2 is methylenedioxy; R3 is H, lower alkyl or NH2; R4 is H or lower alkyl; R5 is H, lower alkyl or acyl; and X is CH2 or O) and with their acid addn. salts have antipyretic, secretolytic and antitussive action.
Patent DE-2130069-A1 (DE)
Title: Plasma fusion reactor - acceleration system for copper-carbon ion plasma
Inventor: BLUM JUERGEN
IPC: G21B1/00
Filed: 1971-06-18
Abstract: A powder mixt. (Cu + C) is ionised and divided into two upper and lower streams in an accelerator. Each of the plasma streams is divided by a magnetic system and the divided streams impinge in the energy converter. Residual plasma is pumped back to the ioniser. The ionised mixt. is pumped as the upper or lower stream alternating 50 times each sec.
Patent DE-2134854-A1 (DE)
Title: Phosphoric acid esters - as anti-statics and anti-oxidants for synthetic fibrous material
Inventor: KOLBE JOACHIM DR
IPC: C08K5/521
Filed: 1971-07-13
Abstract: Cpds. have the formula (I): ( R1-(O-CH2-CHR2)a-O xPO (O-CH2-CHR3)b-O pPO(OM)q (where R1 is 4-20 C alkyl, 10-20C alkenyl or 4-12C (alkyl)-aryl; R2 and R3 are each H, CH3 or C2H5; a is 0-20; b is 1-8; M is a cation; x is 1 or 2; x + y is 3; p is 1 or 2; p + q is 3. Prepared by reacting an OH-contg. phosphoric acid ester of formula (II): R1-(O-CH2-CHR2)a-O xPO (O-CH2-CHR3)b-OH y with P2O5 in such a mol. ratio that 3-6 OH gps. of (II) are present for 1 molecule P2O5. Reaction is effected at 20-100 degrees C, pref. 40-70 degrees C. Thus P2O5 is reacted at 70-80 degrees C, with a phosphoric acid ester contg. tert. OH gps. obtd. by ethoxylating dibutylphosphate with ethylene oxide, the prodt. obtd. being neutralised with NaOH to give a colourless, slightly viscous liq.
Patent DE-2160723-A1 (DE)
Title: Mechanically strong glass vessel - produced by surface treatment
Inventor: BUDD SIDNEY MAURICE
IPC: C03C17/25
Filed: 1971-12-07
Abstract: Prodn. of high strength and wear resistant glass vessels, in which the formed hot vessel is brought into contact with a thermally stable organo-metallic cpd. to obtain a diffused layer in the glass surface of the products of reaction, following which the vessels are treated at >=450 degrees C with a liquid, or vapourised metal cpd. which on rapid decomposition forms a surface oxide layer on the vessel, the metal org. cpd used for the pre-treatment being cpds. of Co, Mn or Cr. The prefd. org. cpds. are acetyl acetonates of these metals, which are dissolved in butyl acetate. The two treatments may be combined when using Al cpds. with others to produce an Al-oxide rather than an Fe-oxide layer as is done when using the first three metals.
Patent DE-2211925-A1 (DE)
Title: Laminated corrugated packing - with sinusoidal corrugations
Inventor: HARSCH ROLF E
IPC: B31F1/28
Filed: 1972-03-11
Abstract: The prodn. of multilayer corrugated packing material partic. corrugated paper or cardboard comprises utilising pairs of co-operating fluted rolls and more esp. first and second roll pairs, by forming differently running, mutually intersecting corrugations in at least two strips of material, glued to smooth outer, inter. and inner covering sheets. At least one of the strips of material is formed into corrugations, running along linear wave-shaped curves lying symmetrically with respect to lines of symmetry running transversely to the direction of passage of the strip through the nip positions of the aligned roll pairs, and is glued with the other corrugated strip via inter. layers of a smooth inter. covering to form honeycomb-type stabilising zones, the angular points of which are formed by the positions where oppositely situated corrugated parts of the two corrugated strips are adhered to each other.
Patent DE-2215839-A1 (DE)
Title: Electrolytic capacitor - with resilient press ribs
Inventor: GESCHKA HANS
IPC: H01G9/06
Filed: 1972-03-30
Abstract: Capacitor is wound in a cup and the ribs are on a closure disc, of elastic, pref. polyacetal resin, which presses against the cup's floor. Pref. the ribs' spring force is such that under max. permissible conditions of vibration they are held with double security.
Patent DE-2220352-A1 (DE)
Title: Finely divided materials drier - using auxiliary carrier material
Inventor: BONGERT WILHELM
IPC: F26B3/20
Filed: 1972-04-26
Abstract: Plant is based on a conventional vibratory trough conveyor through the perforated floor of which hot gases and/or vapours are blown and with an upper feed hopper for the material, esp. basic or luxury food (potato flour etc.) near the upstream end of the conveyor. Recirculated coarse particles extracted from the prods. or a completely different but inert material, are fed into the trough up-stream of the main feed and extracted, esp. by a rotary drum sieve, for recirculating.
Patent DE-2222047-A1 (DE)
Title: Partitioned mixing silo - having vertical outlet shaft eccentric from shell operating by gravity discharge
Inventor: ROEBIG WALTER
IPC: B65D88/32
Filed: 1972-05-05
Abstract: Silo esp. for plastics chips, consists of a number of partitioned chambers for different rates of feed, all in one outer silo casing and of equal height but differing cross-sections; all the chambers discharge into a common outlet. The axis of the common outlet shaft runs vertically at least in the bottom region, and is offset from the axis of the main silo casing, the partitions intersect in a vertical axis, which coincides with the axis of the common outlet. The prefd. shape is a cylindrical casing and outlet, with a steep conical transition piece between them.
Patent DE-2223203-A1 (DE)
Title: Plastic film carrier bag - with peripherally welded reinforced handle opening in the side walls
IPC: A45C3/00
Filed: 1972-05-12
Abstract: The handle opening is peripherally welded to a width of at least double the wall thickness. Pref. the peripheral welding is approx. 5mm wide. To form a sealed bag the handle openings are peripherally welded by one seam passing through both sidewalls to seal the bag contents whilst forming an inner filling space which extends from the base up to over the handle opening.
Patent DE-2237014-A1 (DE)
Title: Web flattening device - has controllable drive rollers feeding web onto needled belt
Inventor: BECKER ARNO
IPC: D06C3/00
Filed: 1972-07-27
Abstract: A web flattening device includes a series of straightening rollers altermating pref. with tension bars, a driven web feed roll downstream of the straightening rollers at a series of axially aligned depositing rollers which apply the web onto a needled conveyor. A sensor is provided to detect the positions of the edges of the web and pref. the feed roll is in several separately drivable sections whose speed is selectively controlled in dependence on the detected positions of the web edges to maintain the web flat as it is applied to the needled conveyor. Pref. the depositing rollers form nips with respective sections of the feed roll whereby they are driven by the respective sections. The devive can be controlled accurately to ensure that the web is perfectly flat.
Patent DE-2255766-A1 (DE)
Title: Double cone centrifuge with quick action - double cone forms barrel with hydraulic closing, rapid opening by spring and large vent valve
Inventor: WIMMER OTTO
IPC: B04B1/18
Filed: 1972-11-14
Abstract: Novel feature of this centrifuge is that hydraulic cylinder is attached to the moving core while the piston is a flange on the shaft. In closed position, core compresses spring and when the exhaust valve on the cylinder is opened, the spring pushes the core back and thus opens the centrifuge. The opening action is accelerated by use of an extra relief valve and/or a large extra exhaust line. Rapid opening ensures that centrifuge is off stream for a minimum time.