Patent GB-705224-A (GB)
Title: Hydraulic and lubricating fluids
IPC: C10M169/00
Filed: 1951-12-18
Abstract: A lubricant (see Group III) or a hydraulic fluid (see Group XXIX) consists of or comprises a compound of the general formula <FORM:0705224/IV(b)/1> wherein X represents a radicle R or a radicle Or and -Y- represents -R1-, -O-R1-, -R1 -O-, or -O-R1-O-, R and R1 representing hydrocarbon radicles and X and Y being chosen so that the compound contains at least one carbon-to-phosphorus bond.  Bis (dialkyl phosphono) alkanes of the general formula <FORM:0705224/IV(b)/2> wherein R1 represents an alkylene radicle and the various radicles R represent the same or different alkyl radicles, are prepared by suspending sodium in a solvent such as heptane, refluxing with a dialkyl phosphite to form sodium dialkyl phosphite and then refluxing with a dibromoalkane to form the bis (dialkyl phosphono) alkane.  The preparation of bis-1, 4-(dibutyl phosphono) butane is described in detail.  Tetraalkyl alkylene diphosphine oxides of the general formula <FORM:0705224/IV(b)/3> are prepared by reacting a bis (dialkyl phosphono) alkane with phosphorus pentachloride to form a tetrachloro diphosphonoalkane and treating this with an organo magnesium halide Grignard reagent to form the tetraalkyl alkylene diphosphine oxide.  The preparation of tetrabutyl hexamethylene diphosphine oxide is described in detail.  Bis-(alkyl alkane phosphinico) alkanes of the general formula <FORM:0705224/IV(b)/4> are prepared by reacting a dialkyl alkane phosphonite with a dibromoalkane under the conditions of the Arbuzov reaction.ALSO:A lubricant consists of or comprises a compound of the general formula <FORM:0705224/III/1> wherein X represents a radicle R or a radicle OR and -Y- represents -R1-, -O-R1-, -R1-O-, or -O-R1-O-, R and R1 representing hydrocarbon radicles and X and Y being so chosen that the compound contains at least one carbon-to-phosphorus bond.  Compounds mentioned are (a) bis (dialkyl phosphono) alkanes of general formula <FORM:0705224/III/2> wherein R1 represents an alkylene radicle and the various radicles R represent the same or different alkyl radicles, (b) alkane diol bis-(dialkane phosphinates) of the general formula <FORM:0705224/III/3> , (c) tetraalkyl alkylene diphosphine oxides of the general formula <FORM:0705224/III/4> , (d) alkane diol bis-(alkyl alkane phosphonates) of the general formula <FORM:0705224/III/5> and (e) bis-(alkyl alkanephosphinico) alkanes of the general formula <FORM:0705224/III/6> , and the preparation of each of these types of compounds is described (see Group IV (b)). Other compounds mentioned are 1-(butyl butane phosphinico)-2-(di-sec-butyl phosphono) ethane and 1-(di-2-ethylhexane phosphinate)-5-(di-butyl phosphate) pentanediol. Unsaturated hydrocarbon radicles are especially to be desired in the molecules of the compounds when they are directly attached to a phosphorus atom since their presence has been found to improve the corrosion characteristics of lubricants prepared therefrom.  The compounds of the general formulae mentioned above may be blended with other substances such as polymerized esters of the acrylic acid series, epoxy compounds, sulphur-containing organic compounds and gelling agents.  The polymerised esters of the acrylic acid series may be polymers or copolymers of esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and may be added in kerosene solution.  Suitable epoxy compounds are epoxy ethers, particularly glycidyl ethers, isobutylene oxide, pentadiene monoxide, styrene oxide, 2, 3 - epoxy - pentane and epichlorohydrin.  The sulphur-containing organic compounds may be dialkyl or diaryl disulphides.  The gelling agents, which may be added in sufficient quantity to give a grease structure, may be sodium stearate, lithium hydroxystearate, calcium oleate, aluminium palmitate, silica, magnesia, alumina and oleophilic clay-like materials, the inorganic gelling agents being in aerogel form.  The compounds of the general formulae mentioned above may be employed to improve other lubricating compositions.  Thus they may be mixed with glycols, phosphorus esters, alkene oxide polymers, esters of dicarboxylic acids and hydrocarbons. Specific materials to which they may be added are monoethyl ether of triethylene glycol, methylethyl ether of diethylene glycol, poly oxypropylene glycol, tricresyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, di-2-ethyl-hexyl sebacate, light mineral lubricating oils and kerosene.  A series of tests are described which are carried out on the following substances of the above general formulae:-bis-1, 2-(di-n-butyl phosphono) ethane, bis-1, 3-(di-n-butyl phosphono) propane. bis-1, 4-(di-n-butyl phosphono) butane, bis- 1, 6-(di-n-butyl phosphono) hexane and 1, 5- pentanediol-bis (di-2-ethylhexanephosphinate).