baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-565337-A (GB)
Title: Process for treating textiles containing cellulose with formaldehyde
Filed: 1942-09-14
Abstract: Textiles containing cellulose fibres are impregnated with formaldehyde solutions containing less than 10 per cent of formaldehyde and with stiffening or loading finishing agents from vegetable or animal colloids, or conversion products thereof, capable of forming condensation products with formaldehyde, and the impregnated materials are then subjected to a heat treatment at about 70-160 DEG  C. in the presence of a catalyst having an acid reaction. Preferably, the impregnated materials are subjected to a drying treatment prior to the final heat treatment.  The treatment reduces the swelling properties of the cellulose materials and improves the resistance to shrinking and stretching. At the same time the materials are stiffened and their resistance to abrasion is improved. Textile materials of natural or regenerated cellulose may be treated and they may be fabrics, yarns, or fibres, alone or mixed with other fibres.  Formaldehyde or its polymers or hexamethylene tetramine which readily yields formaldehyde, may be used.  The acidic catalyst may be an organic or inorganic acid of dissociation constant of about 3 X 10-1 to 10-4, or an acid salt of such acid, or an ammonium or other salt which dissociates at elevated temperature and gives an acid reaction.  Buffer substances or swelling agents, e.g. zinc chloride, may be present during the treatment.  The stiffening or loading agent may be starch, soluble starch, carob-bean flour, gum tragacanth, gum arabic, dextrin, sugar, or gelatine.  Fabrics may be impregnated with the solution of formaldehyde and stiffening agent, squeezed, stretched in a stenter and maintained at the desired dimensions during the drying and heating treatments.  The treatment improves the wet strength of artificial silks and staple fibres of regenerated cellulose.  In an example, a viscose staple fibre fabric is impregnated with a solution containing soluble starch, formaldehyde, zinc chloride and potassium alum.  It is removed from the solution and dried at 70 DEG  C.  It is heated to 130 DEG  C., and then washed and dried.  In another example, cotton fabric is treated with a solution containing wheat starch, formaldehyde, and aluminium thiocyanate.  Dyed staple fibre gabardine is treated with a solution of tragacanth, formaldehyde and hydrochloric acid, and after the heat treatment is treated with water containing a fatty-alcohol sulphonate and sodium carbonate.  Viscose voile is treated with a solution containing potato starch, formaldehyde, a cation-active softener and ammonium chloride.  Tartaric acid and acetic acid are further examples of acidic catalysts.  Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 452,150.
Patent GB-552471-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to belt conveyors
IPC: B65G21/06
Filed: 1941-10-07
Abstract: 552,471. Conveyers. OSWALD, R. D. Oct. 7, 1941, No. 12921. [Class 78 (i)] Idler rollers 19 for endless-belt conveyers are so mounted that the roller spindles 20 may be moved out of one slotted end bearing 21 to facilitate dismantling of the conveyer, while the spindle is still retained against complete removal from the other slotted end bearing 22. The conveyor is of the type in which a succession of U-shaped transverse members 11 are spaced apart by sheet metal skirts 14, 15 one at each side, the lower rollers 13 being carried by the U-shaped members and the upper rollers 19 by the skirts. The retained end of spindle 20 is bent round and provided with a stop 23 so that roller 19 can be turned round approximately parallel with skirt 15 but cannot be completely disengaged. Roller 19 is retained in the upper or the lower position shown in chain lines in Fig. 1.
Patent GB-143715-A (GB)
Title: An improved progress clock or chart for use in workshops, offices and the like
IPC: G07C3/12
Filed: 1919-05-22
Abstract: 143,715. Mann, Egerton, & Co., and Drummond, A. B. May 22, 1919. Displaying information.-A device for indicating the progress of work passing through workshops, offices, &c. comprises a disk 1 mounted on a stand 2 and having movable pointers of different lengths. The disk 1 has mounted on it a smaller disk 3 hav. ing radial nicks or grooves 4 in which the ends of the pointers engage, both disks 1, 3 being mounted on a spring-pressed spindle so as to be independently rotatable. The pointers are spring- pressed and arranged one above the other so as to be capable of passing one another in both directions. The outer part of the disk 1 is covered by a removable surface 8 bearing annular columns 10 carrying information which is diagnosed by one or more rotatable arms 11 similarly divided. The surface 8 is held on the disk 1 by a clamping-ring 7 formed in halves. Coloured identification disks 13 may be placed on the pointers, which approximately equal in number the columns 10. A graph chart may be fixed beneath the disk 1.
Patent GB-499178-A (GB)
Title: A process for improving bast fibres
IPC: D01C1/02
Filed: 1938-05-02
Abstract: Bast fibres are subjected to a refining process wherein they are first impregnated with a dilute solution of a metal salt derived from a metal capable of forming more than one stage of oxidation, the texture of the fibres being practically unchanged by this impregnation, and they are then subjected to an oxidation treatment. The fibres may be rinsed between the impregnation step and the oxidation treatment but hydroxides or oxides of metals deposited in the materials are not removed.  Chrome alum, iron alum, ferric chloride, potassium permanganate, nickel sulphate, cobalt nitrate, or copper sulphate may be used as the metal salt. The oxidation may be conducted at increased or reduced pressure and the oxidizing agent may be hydrogen peroxide, sodium peroxide, p-toluene-sulphodichloramide, chlorine, sodium hypochlorite, or hypobromite.  The treated fibres may be carded and used alone or with other textiles.  They may be treated with softening agents. In examples, crude hemp fibres, or hemp waste, are impregnated with ferric chloride solution, or with potassium permanganate solution, in most cases after a pretreatment with a hot or boiling solution of dilute caustic soda or sodium carbonate.  The fibres after steeping for several hours are rinsed and then introduced into a solution of sodium p-toluenesulpho-chloramide, or hydrogen peroxide, or a solution of sodium peroxide and sodium acetate just rendered feebly acid to litmus paper but not to congo paper, or a solution of sodium hypochlorite with or without acetic acid.  The treatment with oxidizing agent is carried out at room temperature or at raised or boiling temperature.  The material may then be washed, and bleached with sodium hydrosulphite.  It may then be treated with a solution of 4-stearoyl-amino-phenyl-trimethyl-ammonium sulphomethylate. Before treatment with this softening agent the material may be treated with a hot dilute solution of caustic soda and then washed.  The process may be applied to the treatment of unretted hemp material.
Patent GB-257863-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in dough dividing machines
IPC: A21C5/00
Filed: 1926-05-21
Abstract: 257,863. Dorn, C. May 21. 1926, Stream-cutting machines. - Apparatus for dividing portions from a column of dough extended vertically from a hopper comprises a cutter carried by a vertical spindle having loose frictional engagement with a driving gear, a catch normally arresting the spindle adapted to be disengaged through lever mechanism operated by the dough column, and means for positively engaging the spindle and gear during the cutting operation. As shown, dough extruded from a hopper a is severed by a cutter d secured to a spindle c normally held against rotation by a lug on a lever o engaging a projection n on a member m fast with the spindle. A coned member i, splined to the spindle, engages a coned surface on a constantly running gear e and is also furnished with a pawl l adapted to engage teeth h on the gear hub normally disengaged by a fixed bracket k. The lever o is balanced by an adjustable weight and is adjustably linked by a coupling u to a lever s carrying a roller t which is depressed by the descending dough and frees the projection n permitting the spindle c to make one revolution. A spring y engaging the projection n prevents retrograde movement.
Patent GB-1042613-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to steam turbines
IPC: F01K7/24
Filed: 1963-04-02
Abstract: 1,042,613. Steam turbine plant. MASCHINENFABRIK AUGSBURG-NURNBERG A.G. April 2, 1963 [April 13, 1962], No. 13043/63. Heading F1T. A steam turbine plant comprises a boiler K and associated superheater HU, high and low pressure turbine stages HD, ND, driving a generator G, interstage reheater ZU and a condenser. Admission control and reheat intercept valves RV, JV respectively, connected by a converter UW, control the turbine inlet pressures. High pressure valve R.St. and blowdown valve UL control the bypasses. The turbine and bypass steams are represented by broken and chain dotted lines respectively. The bypass steam is measured at DU in branch b and the turbine steam at D1, both values being fed to an addition unit I, to give the total boiler steam DU + D1, and to a division unit II to give the quotient DU/D1+DU The pressure in reheater ZU is maintained at a normal value by blowdown valve UL. A decrease in turbine load causes a simultaneous closing of the valves RV, JV so as to maintain an equal output distribution between the turbines HD, ND. When the steady state is reached a pulse corresponding to the quotient D1/D1+DU determines the degree of opening of the intercept valve JV and the converter UW continuously varies the stroke ratio between the valves RV and JV such that these valves would reach the closed position simultaneously. The degree of closing of the valve JV, DU/D1+DU, may be used instead of the degree of opening. With a constant boiler output, closing of valves RV and JV causes a corresponding opening of the blow-down valve UL. To provide a reserve in the reheater ZU, the intercept valve JV may be partly throttled in the steady state with no bypassing by superimposing an auxiliary signal on the controlling quotient with or without imposing another auxiliary signal to raise the nominal pressure in the reheater ZU. The auxiliary signal may simulate an increase in the boiler steam flow.
Patent GB-101958-A (GB)
Title: A Process for Making Luminous Signs.
Inventor: CHAPPUIS HENRI JEAN
IPC: G09F13/20
Filed: 1916-09-16
Abstract: 101,958. Chappuis, H. J., and Theurillat, A. Sept. 16, 1916. Signs.-Luminous signs are made by dipping in varnish a plate in which the required design is formed by perforations so as to form a skin over the perforations, then covering the skin with sticky matter through a stencil plate perforated to agree with the sign, and finally sprinkling a luminous composition on the sticky part.
Patent GB-578767-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the interpolymerisation of vinyl acetate and methyl methacrylate
IPC: C08F220/14
Filed: 1942-09-18
Abstract: Vinyl acetate and methyl methacrylate are emulsified in an aqueous medium containing a dissolved salt of perdisulphuric acid and a dispersing agent consisting of an alkali metal salt of an alkyl sulphate or sulphonate containing 12-18 carbon atoms whose activity is unaffected at pH values between 3 and 5 and polymerized in a closed vessel containing a substantially oxygen-free gas space at a temperature between the freezing point of the aqueous medium and 80 DEG  C., preferably between 20 DEG  and 60 DEG  C.  The polymer may be hydrolysed to yield a modified polyvinyl alcohol and this, whether isolated or not, may be further reacted with an aldehyde to yield an acetal, e.g. a butyral.  Suitable perdisulphates are sodium, potassium or ammonium.  The amount used may vary from 0.1 to 10 per cent based on the quantity of monomer. Suitable dispersing agents are alkali metal salts of dodecyl-1 acid sulphate, tetradecyl-1 acid sulphate, octadecyl-1 acid sulphate, oleyl-1 acid sulphate, cetyl sulphate, dodecane-1 sulphonic acid, tetradecane-1 sulphonic acid, hexadecane-1 sulphonic acid, octadecane-1 sulphonic acid and sulphonated paraffin oil hydrocarbons.  The agent is used in an amount varying from 0.2 to 5 per cent of the weight of the aqueous medium.  The reaction medium is agitated during the reaction.  It may be acid, neutral, or alkaline.  Preferably, it has an initial pH of 4 to 5 and may be buffered to avoid changes.  The ratio of non-aqueous phase in the reaction medium may vary from 10 : 1 to 1 : 1.  The air in the polymerization vessel may be swept out by nitrogen, carbon dioxide, methane or helium, or sufficient inert gas may be introduced to make the partial pressure of oxygen negligible.  The reaction vessel may be of stainless steel, nickel, silver or lead or may have a glass or enamel liner.  The polymer may be isolated by drying the dispersion in spray form, by cooling it below the freezing point, or by addition of a lower aliphatic alcohol or of an electrolyte, followed by washing and drying.  The emulsion of polymer may be used directly as a coating composition.  The polymer may be combined with or prepared in the presence of plasticizers, stabilisers, fillers, pigments, dyes, softeners or natural or synthetic resins.  Hydrolysis of the interpolymer may be performed in aqueous or organic media with acids such as hydrochloric, sulphuric, phosphoric, isobutyl-naphthalenesulphonic acid or with alkalies such as sodium, potassium or ammonium hydroxide or sodium or potassium carbonate.
Patent GB-806828-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the cartridge guiding means of firearms
IPC: F41A9/55
Filed: 1957-04-25
Abstract: 806,828. Cartridge guiding means for firearms. BOFORS, A. B. April 25, 1957 [April 26, 1956], No. 13216/57. Class 92 In a firearm, and particularly an automatic firearm with a breech ring 3 Fig. 2 and transversely movable breech block 5, cartridge guiding means 6 in the form of a tube is arranged adjacent the cartridge chamber 2 with its axis 10 above the axis 4 of the barrel so as to avoid injurious contact between the cartridge and the lower edge 9 of the cartridge chamber. A recess is provided in the lower part of the breech ring 3 so that in the last stage of insertion of the cartridge, its axis can coincide with the axis of the barrel. In another form, Fig. 4, the guide tube 6 is associated with a ramming tube 16 each with its axis 10 above the axis of the barrel but a cartridge deflector 13 is arranged in the upper part of the tube 6. The deflector 13 is pivoted at 14 and urged downwardly by a spring 19 so that the front lower edge 20 of the deflector urges the cartridge downwardly and thus prevents injurious contact between the cartridge and the upper edge of the cartridge chamber also. The tube 16 is pivoted at 17 and is fed with cartridges when in its vertical position. After movement to the horizontal position a spring-actuated rammer 18 is released to move the cartridge by its own inertia into the cartridge chamber. In a modification Fig. 3 (not shown) a spring-actuated tongue 15 is provided on the deflector 13 for urging the cartridges downwardly.
Patent GB-132422-A (GB)
IPC: D21C5/00
Abstract: 132,422. Stockton, F. W. Dec. 31, 1918. Materials, fibrous; pulp, preparation of; pulping-engines.- Relates to the purification of cotton-seed hull fibre, that is to say, the crude fibre obtained from ground cotton-seed hulls after decortication and containing about 25 per cent. of crushed hulls, the object being essentially to remove the hull particles from the fibre. The hull particles are softened by boiling for about 5 hours in a 4 per cent. solution of caustic soda, or by other suitable means, after which the material is mashed by passing several times between powerful steel rolls by which the fibre is detached from the hull particles, and the latter are finely disintegrated. The material is then washed in an apparatus shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and consisting of a tank 1 having a central partition 3 incomplete at the ends, a heating drum 6 with longitudinal blades working in conjunction with an elevated and toothed bed plate 5, and a revolving strainer 8 of .wire gauge having about 60 mashes to the linear inch. Through the hollow bearing 10 of the straining drum pass outlet and inlet pipes 11, 13, the former being connected to a suction pump for removing water and hull particles from the interior of the drum, and the latter to a force pump for spraying water on to the interior of the drum through nozzles 14. The fibres may be subsequently filtered from the water and dried. If desired, the fibre may be subjected to further known purification processes, such as further boiling with lye, and bleaching with chlorine, hypochlorite, etc.; or treatment with benzine &c. to remove waxy matter. &c
Patent GB-179951-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the process of manufacturing formic aldehyde
IPC: C07C45/49
Filed: 1922-05-11
Abstract: Formaldehyde is produced by passing carbon monoxide, hydrogen and water vapour over a contact substance at a temperature of 240-350 DEG C.  Suitable contact substances are unburnt porcelain, pumice, asbestos, coke or charcoal, preferably coated with a metallic deposit of copper, nickel, &c.  Specifications 20488/13, 108,855, 157,047, and 180,016 are referred to.
Patent GB-133834-A (GB)
IPC: E01H5/06
Abstract: 133,834. Shield, T. Dec. 11, 1918. Snow ploughs; sweeping- machines; scraping-machines. -Relates to machines in which the scraper, brush, or squeegee is carried by a bar which is pivoted to the fore-carriage and adjustable for various widths of road or path, and consists in the use of interchangeable rods of different lengths for adjusting the angle of the bar to the line of draught. As shown in plan in Fig. 1, the scraper or the like is carried by a bar 4 pivoted at 6 to the carriage 1 and secured in any adjustment by interchangeable rods 16, 17, which are hooked at 15 to the bar 4 and passed through swing catches 18 on a cross-bar 2. Auxiliary wheels 22 carried by bell-cranks 21 are raised and lowered in known manner by rocking the bellcranks by means of a screwed rod 23 working through a fixed nut 25. The draught attachment comprises a pulley-block 19 on a wire rope 20 or the like. The bar 4 has rollers 14 at its ends which act as side buffers. According to the Provisional Specification, the bar may also be secured in adjusted position by a pin passed through one of a series of holes in a semicircular plate on the bar. The bar may also be provided with a rack or row of teeth or pegs over which the loops of the traces are passed and adjusted.
Patent GB-134921-A (GB)
IPC: B64B1/40
Abstract: 134,921. Abell, G. H., and Wheelwright, J. S. Nov. 13, 1918. Hydraulic rams and momentum apparatus.- A pump for supplying water ballast to airships is towed by the ship, the motion through the water operating a motor for driving the pump, and the complete unit is maintained beneath the water by a hydroplane or a weight. The hose may also act as the towline. A skimming plane A, Fig. 1, has secured to it the pump casing C, the tow line G, the pump delivery pipe F, and hose F<1>. A propeller D drives the pump, the intake for which is at E. In a modification, the plane carries a tube C, Fig. 4, having an inner tube C<1> and a valve J at the rear end. When towed through the water, the water closes the valve J and flows between the two tubes, past the ball valve K, to the hose F; the forward movement in the casing results in a diminution of pressure on the valve J which again opens, and a further rush of water into the tube occurs, thus recommencing the pulsation cycle. The plane carries an air vessel for the purpose of producing a steady flow up the hose.
Patent GB-1485983-A (GB)
Title: Bearing assemblies
IPC: F16C32/06
Filed: 1975-03-11
Abstract: 1485983 Bearings FEDERAL-MOGUL WESTWIND AIR BEARINGS Ltd 11 March 1975 [27 March 1974] 13543/74 Heading F2S [Also in Division B3] A bearing assembly comprises a member 1 rotatable about a first axis and supported at its ends from a stationary member 4 by first and second bearings 2, 3 respectively, the first bearing 2 having adjusting means which allows an axis of the rotatable member 1 to be adjusted from coincidence with the first axis to a position where the rotatable member 1 nutates as it rotates. In the embodiment, a shaft 1, e.g. a boring bar, is supported on air bearings 3, 2, the former being conventional, and the latter 2, having firstly two sets of three air jets 9 and 10, supplied from an inlet 13, via passage 14, a chamber 12 and three galleries 11, and secondly two sets of five jets supplied from an inlet 17 via an air slip-ring 20, an annular passage 16 and five galleries 15. In use, a reduction in the air pressure at the inlet 13 causes the shaft 1 to move radially upwards, Fig. 1, in order to maintain equilibrium and the resulting eccentricity will rotate with the shaft 1. The embodiment may be a boring bar carrying a cutter which runs concentrically during the boring process but is caused to run eccentrically during removal of the bar from the bore in order to break contact between the bore and the cutter. The jets 5, 6, 9, 10, may all be within the shaft 1, or, in the case where the shaft 1 is stationary and the housing 4 rotates, the jets 5, 6, 9, 10 may be located within the housing 4. The fluid bearing 2, 3, may be replaced by ball bearings, one of which has freedom to move radially relative to the rotating member when acted on by an air jet. Reference is made to Specification 1,294,378.
Patent GB-378448-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to electric induction furnaces
IPC: H05B6/24
Filed: 1931-05-08
Abstract: 378,448. Electric induction furnaces. ELECTRIC FURNACE CO., Ltd., 17, Victoria Street, London.-(Assignees of Northrup, E. F. ; Ajax Park, Trenton, New Jersey, U.S.A.) May 8, 1931, No. 13668. Convention date, May 22, 1930. [Class 39 (iii).] In Fig. 1 magnetic supporting members 19 arranged on opposite sides of the furnace are shielded from the stray field by separate flat sheets 16 of copper or other non-magnetic material. The thickness of the sheets is greater than the depth of penetration of the field. The coil 10 is supported from the outer casing by struts 12 and the sheets 16 are held at the edges by brass angles 18. The coil is surrounded on all sides by asbestos 15. The supports 19 consist of diagonally arranged strips to which are bolted plates 20 carrying trunnion pins 21. The bolts 22 pass through the plates 20, the upper half of the strips 19, the shields 16 and the asbestos. The lower ends of the strips 19 are bolted to flanges 24 on an angle 25 and are provided with lifting eyes 26 to facilitate tilting. The distance between the frame and coil is sufficient to allow an immediate return circuit for the field. The bolts 22, nuts 29 and washers 30 are made from a non-magnetic iron alloy containing 8 per cent nickel and 18 per cent chromium. The shields may also be made of this alloy. In a modification, Fig. 5, the non-magnetic shields consist of a copper covering 16<1> arranged on the supports 19, 20. The washers 28<1> are made of the alloy previously referred to.