baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-909031-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in electric heating elements for furnaces
Inventor: ELLIS CHARLES CLAYDON
IPC: H05B3/06
Filed: 1958-01-22
Abstract: 909,031. Electric heating elements. WILDBARFIELD ELECTRIC FURNACES Ltd. Jan. 21, 1959 [Jan. 22, 1958], No. 2222/58. Class 39 (3). A radiant-heat U-shaped electric element for heating a furnace is isolated from the furnace atmosphere by a surrounding sheathing tube sealed to the furnace. As shown, two tubular U- shaped elements 5 and 6 are housed in a tubular sheath 2, e.g. of metal or non-porous ceramic material, which is closed at one end and sealed at its open end to the furnace lid 1. A central ceramic former 7 and ceramic rings 8 space the elements from each other and from the sheath wall. In another embodiment (Figs. 3 and 4, not shown) the sheath is of elongated oval crosssection and compartmented and houses an element of zig-zag formation. The sheathing tubes may pass right through the furnace, and the exposed ends may be fitted with removable covers. A control such as a thermocouple, welded direct to the element or elements, may be sited within the sheathing tube. The tubes, when they extend through the furnace, may be used also for the passage of cooling air.
Patent GB-778147-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to pulsed radar systems
Inventor: RODGERS JOHN
IPC: G01S7/42
Filed: 1955-01-26
Abstract: 778,147. Pulse radar. MARCONI'S WIRELESS TELEGRAPH CO., Ltd. Oct. 11, 1955 [Jan. 26, 1955], No. 2304/55. Crass 40(7) In a pulse radar system at least two time-displaced pulse trains of the same recurrence frequency but different R.F., are transmitted and the two sets of echoes produced by said pulse trains are separated by frequency sensitive means, one set of echoes being then delayed to make it coincide with the other set. The invention is described as applied to a system in which the two coincident sets of echoes are combined in opposition to discriminate between fixed and moving targets (M.T.I.) and are also combined additively to indicate all targets. When more than two pulse trains, are transmitted the spacing between any two successive pulses is preferably equal. As shown the 250 c/s pulse output from a generator 1 is doubled in frequency at 4 and applied through an amplifier 6 to pulse a klystron oscillator 9 whose frequency is controlled by the amplified 250 c/s sawtooth output from generator 3 triggered by generator 1. The output from klystron 9 thus comprises a pulse train (R.F. = f1) spaced midway between another pulse train (R.F. = f2) the recurrence frequency of both trains being 250 c/s and these pulse trains are applied through a T.R. switch 10 to a rotating directional aerial 11, 12. Echo pulses of R.F. f1 and f2 are separated by filters 17, 18, converted to the same I.F. by frequency changes 21, 22 and applied to detector circuits 23, 24 each of which comprises a simple detector and a phase-sensitive detector. The outputs from the simple detectors are brought into coincidence by a 2 milli-second electrical delay line 25, combined in circuit 26 and applied to a conventional P.P.I. 27. The outputs from the phase-sensitive detectors are amplitude modulated at 30, 31 on to carrier signals from oscillator 32, brought into coincidence by a liquid acoustic delay line 34 and detected at 33, the differential output from 33 being applied to display moving targets on a P.P.I. 29. The timebases for the P.P.I.'s 27 and 29 are supplied by a sawtooth generator 2 and their rotations are synchronized with aerial 11. 12. A modification, Fig. 2 (not shown), employs two magnetrons operating at frequencies f1 and f2 respectively which are pulsed alternatively by two interleaved 250 c/s pulse trains produced by applying the 500 c/s pulse train from generator 4 to two gate valves which are opened ultimately by a 250 c/s square wave from a multivibrator synchronized by the sawtooth from generator 3.
Patent GB-958703-A (GB)
Title: Improved grating apparatus
Inventor: WRIGHT EDWARD JAMES
IPC: F25C5/14
Filed: 1962-01-22
Abstract: 958,703. Graters for ice &c. PEERLESS & ERICSSON Ltd. Jan. 3, 1963 [Jan. 22, 1962], No. 2323/62. Heading A4C. A grating apparatus comprises a cylindrical, perforated, grating drum 9, means for moving material to be grated, more particularly ice, into contact with the interior wall of the drum 9, a screen 21 surrounding and spaced from the drum, and means for moving the screen 21 to prevent the build up of grated material thereon. A shaft 7, journalled in the housing 2 and in a closure plate 10 for the fixedly mounted drum 9, is chain driven by a motor 3 through pulleys 5, 6 and carries an impeller 8 comprising a conical lower disc 25 and vanes 26. The flexible, cylindrical screen 21, e.g. of polyvinyl chloride, is secured at its upper end by a ring 15 to the housing 2 and carries at its lower end a spider comprising a stiffening ring 16, two arms 17 and a centre piece 18, the latter having a bore 19 which receives a pin 20 eccentrically mounted on the end of the drive shaft 7. In operation, ice is fed through an inlet 22 to be thrown centrifugally towards the grating projections on the interior of the drum 9, the grated ice passing at high speed through the perforations in the drum 9 to adhere to the screen 21 prior to becoming detached therefrom, to fall through the open lower end of the screen 21, by the continuous flexing of the screen 21 caused by the orbital movement of its lower end resulting from the movement of the eccentric pin 20. In an alternative embodiment (Figs. 2, 3-not shown), an inclined feed tray is provided which may be movable relative to the housing.
Patent GB-564841-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in furnaces heated by gaseous or liquid fuels
IPC: F23C99/00
Filed: 1943-02-13
Abstract: 564,841. Heat treatment furnaces. FALLON, J. Feb. 13, 1943, Nos. 2403 and 3614. [Class 51 (ii)] In a furnace for the heat treatment of articles contained in an externally heated compartment, heat is transmitted from burners to the compartment through thermal equalization plates arranged intermediate of the walls of the compartment and the walls of the furnace, the source of heat being applied to the lower parts of the plates and transmitted by radiation and convection to the compartment. Fig. 1 shows the invention applied to a nitriding furnace in which the materials to be treated are placed in a compartment c separated by an annular space from the outer walls of the furnace a and in which space segmental thermal equalizing plates b preferably provided with ribs b<1> are arranged. The lower ends of the plates are heated by burners d<1> and gaps f at the lower ends of the plates provide for circulation of the gases up and down the surfaces of the plates. The plates are provided with flanges which contact the furnace walls to form vertical channels for the gases from the burners. Outlets h controlled by dampers are provided for the gases. The plates may be made of metal, silicon carbide or other refractory material.
Patent GB-801324-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to a method of insolubilising artificial filaments, threads, fibres and the like obtained by the spinning of solutions of proteins
Inventor: MCGILLIVRAY ROY
IPC: D01F4/00
Filed: 1956-01-25
Abstract: Insolubilized protein filaments are produced from a bundle of filaments which has been obtained by spinning solutions of protein in aqueous alkaline or other suitable aqueous solvent media into suitable acidified saline coagulating baths, hardening the filaments in the bundle with at least one aqueous saline solution of formaldehyde having a pH up to 7, impregnating the hardened filaments with an aqueous solution of formaldehyde, stretching the filaments, holding the filaments in the stretched condition while drying at a temperature and exceeding 140 DEG C. and at least for such a period of time that they no longer tend to shrink, further heating said filaments to a temperature not exceeding 220 DEG C., and preferably in the relaxed condition and/or at least such a period of time that the filaments are insolubilized, and with or without thereafter subjecting the thus insolubilized filaments to a second impregnation with an aqueous solution of formaldehyde and repeating the drying and further heating steps while the filaments are in the relaxed condition, at least for such a period of time that the filaments are not reduced in dry or wet strengths to any substantial degree on drying after heating in a bath containing 0.1 per cent by weight sulphuric acid and 0.25 per cent sodium sulphate when immersed therein for 90 minutes at 97 DEG C., characterized in that the hardening is effected so that 100 parts by weight of the hardening filaments have a formaldehyde content of 0.2 to 0.5 parts by weight. The hardening solution may contain either sodium chloride or sodium sulphate, preferably in saturated state and the hardening may be effected between 30 DEG  and 70 DEG C.  The pH of the saline formaldehyde solution may be adjusted with sulphuric acid. Preferably the aqueous solution of formaldehyde used for impregnating is free from salts.  It may, however, contain hydrochloric or sulphuric acids, preferably such that the pH is not greater than 1.5. In addition, the bundle of coagulated filaments may be treated with an aqueous solution having a pH up to 4 of a salt preferably selected from the group comprising alkali metal salts of hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid or phosphoric acid, magnesium sulphate, ammonium sulphate, aluminium sulphate and sodium zirconyl sulphate.  Such a treatment would precede hardening of the filaments.  Specifications 741,497, 742,261, 742,890 and 787,588 are referred to.
Patent GB-680238-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to plant for converting kitchen and offal waste and the like into animal feeding stuffs
IPC: A23N17/00
Filed: 1950-01-31
Abstract: 680,238. Apparatus for preparing animal food. DOSSOR, J. Dec. 7, 1950 [Jan. 31, 1950], No. 2463/50. Class 5(ii) [Also in Group XXIX] Plant for converting kitchen and offal waste &c. into animal feeding stuffs comprises a pulverizer 10 with an outlet 14 situated above an opening 15 in a blow tank 16 in which air pressure can be established for forcing the pulverized waste into a further container, and a conical, fluidpressure actuated, valve member 29 (see Group XXIX) for closing the opening in the tank during the pressure discharge of the waste therefrom.
Patent GB-1158709-A (GB)
Title: Process for the preparation of Chloroalkyl-S-Alkyl-and Aryl-Mono- or Di-Thiolphosphoric Acid Diester and Ester Amide Chlorides
Inventor: HOFFMANN HELLMUT
IPC: C07F9/26
Filed: 1968-01-17
Abstract: 1,158,709. Chloroalkyl-S-alkyl- (or aryl) mono- (or di-) thiolphosphoric acid diester or ester amide chlorides. FARBENFABRIKEN BAYER A.G. 17 Jan., 1968 [13 Feb., 1967], No. 2521/68. Heading C2C. Chloroalkyl - S - alkyl- or -aryl - mono- or di-thiolphosphoric acid diester or ester amide chlorides are obtained by reacting a 2-chlorophospholane or -phosphorinane derivative of the general formula with an aliphatic or aromatic sulphenic acid chloride of the formula R 7 -S-Cl, in which R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5  and R 6  are hydrogen atoms, alkyl, alkoxyalkyl or haloalkyl radicals, R, is an alkyl, alkenyl, or aryl radical (which may be substituted), X is an oxygen or sulphur atom or a N-alkyl- or N-aryl-amino group, n is 0 or 1, and if n is 1, then the radicals R 3  and R 4  together with the 5-carbon atom may also form a further heterocylic ring of the structure R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5  and R 6  are preferably hydrogen atoms or alkyl radicals with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which may be substituted by halogen or lower C 1  to C 6  alkoxy groups such as methyl, chloromethyl or methoxymethyl radicals. A large number of possible substituents for the group R 7  are listed, and in the examples the following sulphenic acid chlorides are used; methyl-, 4-tolyl-, 4-chlorophenyl-, 2-nitrophenyl- and phenyl-, and also 2-chlorosulphenylisobutyraldehyde. The process may be carried out in the presence of solvents or diluents at -20‹ to +50‹ C., preferably at -10‹ to +30‹ C., and the molar ratio of the 2-chlorophospholane or -phosphorinane to the sulphenic acid chloride is preferably 1 : 1.
Patent GB-485689-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to syphonic closets
IPC: E03D5/02
Filed: 1937-01-28
Abstract: 485,689. Sanitary closets. HOWSON & SONS, Ltd., G., and HOWSON, G. Jan. 28, 1937, No. 2555. [Class 26] In a water closet with a siphonic double trap discharge pipe in which the air between the traps is withdrawn during a flush by a suction air pipe leading to the flush pipe, the short straight flush pipe is provided on its inner surface, immediately below the inlet of the air pipe, with baffle or choke means for a length sufficient to check the flow of water through the flush pipe sufficiently to ensure that the suction pipe operates. The air tube k is formed with downwardly turned elbows l, m, at each end. The choke may be in the form of a wire spiral n, soldered or otherwise secured to the inside of the flush pipe g, or resting loosely therein ; or of a series of horizontal rings, secured to vertical wires, or of a cylindrical tube formed with annular or helical or other substantially horizontal indentations and secured within the flush pipe. In a further modification the flush pipe itself may be corrugated, in which case it is sheathed in metal, earthenware, phenol-formaldehyde moulded material, or wood. The diameter of the flush pipe may be reduced between the connection to the cistern and the choke.
Patent GB-731858-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to photographic apparatus
IPC: B26D3/08
Filed: 1953-01-29
Abstract: 731,858. Photographic apparatus. INTERNATIONAL POLAROID CORPORATION. Jan. 29, 1953 [March 20, 1952], No. 2575/53. Class 98 (2). Photographic apparatus having a chamber for advancement of a sheet therethrough has stop means adapted, when actuated, to cooperate with an aperture in the sheet to arrest advancement of the sheet and a movable closure for an exit of the chamber adapted by its movement to de-actuate the stop means. The chamber may be a processing chamber of an exposing and processing apparatus or camera having pressure applying members by which an exposed photosensitive sheet and the said sheet carrying containers of processing fluid may be superimposed and pressed to rupture the container, spread the fluid and effect processing. The stop means may be a pin or pair of pins connected to the closure by a link. A brake adapted to act on the said sheet may be present. As described with reference to drawings, the apparatus comprises a collapsible hand camera similar to that of Specification 731,859, having provision for parallelism of pressure rollers constituting the pressure applying members and having the closure, with the additional features of the stop means and brake, and link from the closure thereto. As shown, portion 116 is the back of a camera as of 731,859 with pressure rollers 106, 108 lying in a processing chamber bounded by the portion 116 and a leftward portion 118 (not shown), and bar 196 is the closure for such chamber, its edge 202 serving as a cutting blade for severing portions of the sheets after their withdrawal from the chamber, the bar being in the closed position with the stop means actuated to arrest the sheet in Fig. 10 and being in the open, de-actuated position in Fig. 11. Operation or closure of the bar causes upward movement of a pair of links 280 and hence rotation of cranks 274 with cam portions 276 which latter effect rotation of bridge 262 and consequentially projection of stop pins 256 through slots 257 (not shown) in a shield 240 to enter apertures arranged in the container-carrying sheet and thus arrest advancement of both this sheet and the photosensitive sheet. Bridge 262 may be operatively interconnected with a brake 246 (not .shown) to cause on first engagement of at least one of the pins 256 with the advancing portion of the container carrying sheet adjacent the aperture therein, and by downward movement of the bridge 262, braking of the container carrying sheet before actual arrest thereof. Specifications 677,228 and 684,592 also are referred to.
Patent GB-407807-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in connection with the purification of liquids
IPC: C02F1/52
Filed: 1933-01-26
Abstract: 407,807. Purifying water or sewage. SMITH, M. C., 313, North Granby Street, Richmond, Virginia, U.S.A. Jan. 26, 1933, No. 2580. Convention date, March 16, 1932. [Classes 46 and 111.] In purifying liquids, such as water or trade wastes, by flocculation previously formed floes are continuously circulated in the body of liquid under treatment so that they are intermingled with freshly formed flocs in suspension. A zone of concentrated turbidity is maintained in the flowing liquid and the previously formed flocs are caused to repeatedly traverse this zone. With the apparatus shown, the liquid is treated with alum or other congulant in a tank 11, and passed through circuitous channels 22 and spouts 23 into the treatment basin 12. It flows as an upper stream through the basin and deposits sediment on a stack F. A portion of the liquid removes previously-formed flocs from the front of the stack and returns as a lower stream in the opposite direction, the previously formed flocs being lifted and intermingled with the upper stream by groups of paddles 16, 17. Adjacent members of each group of paddles are at right angles to each other and the paddles towards the entrance end are wider than those nearer the outlet. All the paddles are driven at the same speed from a motor 34.
Patent GB-620831-A (GB)
Title: Foot measuring device
IPC: A43D1/02
Filed: 1947-01-28
Abstract: 620,831. Foot-measuring devices. SCHOLL MANUFACTURING CO., Ltd. (Scholl Manufacturing Co., Inc). Jan. 28, 1947, No. 2634. [Class 17 (iii)] A foot - measuring device comprises a stick 1 carrying slides 13, 14 movable be tween stops 4, 5 anc haying marked on its upper face scales 7, 8 indicating size length and width measure. ments. In use, the heel is placed against the face 15 of the slider 13 when this is in its extreme positior against the stop 4 and with a spring-pressed finger thereon in engagement with a slot 20 on one side edge of the stick 1. The slide 14 is moved to engage the big toe extremity and size length is read against the scale 7. The slide 13 is then moved to bring its face 15 against the corresponding size length indicia 9 on scale 8 and, the foot being positioned transversely of the stick against the face 15 of slide 13, which is held in position by engagement of the finger with one of a series of notches 11 in the edge face of stick, the position of opposite side of foot on size indicia 10 of scale 8 is noted, to give the size width. In a modification, the slide 13 is fixed at one end and the scale 8 is slidable in a longitudinal groove in the stick.
Patent GB-509622-A (GB)
Title: Improved means for preventing the formation of ice on the wings of aircraft
IPC: B64D15/02
Filed: 1938-01-27
Abstract: 509,622. Preventing formation of ice on aircraft wings. COWDREY, C. L. Jan. 27, 1938, No. 2665. [Class 4] Means for preventing the formation of ice on an aircraft wing comprise a conduit connected to the engine exhaust manifold and having a. part of its wall formed by the leading edge, and a second conduit extending along, the wing behind the exhaust-gas conduit and arranged to lead air along the back of the latter. In a preferred form, the manifold is arranged inside the engine cowling and the air conduit is connected to a jacket surrounding the manifold. In the form. shown in Figs. 2 and 3, exhaust gases are led from the engine manifold 10 through a conduit 16 formed between the leading edge 13, which may be formed of a heat-resisting material such as nickel-chrome steel, and a partition 15 riveted to it, and are discharged through a nozzle 17 located beneath the wing tip. The partition 15 is provided with perforations 18 to allow the gases to pass into a silencer 19 filled with heat-insulating and sound-deadening material and formed between the partition 15 and a partition 20 also riveted to the leading edge, Air enters through a divergent inlet 25, is heated by passage through a jacket 24 and passes along a conduit 23, formed between the partition 20 and a partition 22, to an outlet nozzle 26 surrounding the nozzle 17. The exhaust gases leaving the nozzle 17 exert an ejector effect on the air. The leading edge and conduits are formed as a unit which is attached to the main part of the wing at 21. In a modification, Fig. 7, the air and exhaust gases are discharged through nozzles 31, 30 at the trailing edge. In a further modification, Fig. 9, the exhaust gases are discharged through a nozzle 40 before reaching the end of the wing and the air is discharged at the end of the wing through a nozzle 41. In this form, the outboard portion of the wing is heated by the air alone. The exhaust gas discharge nozzle may be designed as set forth in Specification 471,177 to give a jet reaction propulsive effect.
Patent GB-294079-A (GB)
Title: Method of producing aluminium oxide from aluminium sulphide or mixtures containing same
IPC: C01F7/40
Filed: 1928-01-27
Abstract: 294,079. Metallbank und Metallurgische Ges. Akt.-Ges., and Girsewald, Conway, Baron von. Jan. 27, 1928. Alumina; calcium sulphide. - Aluminium sulphide, or a mixture thereof with alumina resulting for example from an eleotrothermic process for extracting alumina from aluminiferous materials, is reacted with calcium oxide or a calcium compound such as the carbonate to convert the sulphide to oxide, and the calcium sulphide formed is removed from the product by leaching as with a dilute acid. A mixture of the solid sulphide and calcium oxide may be heated say to 800-900‹ C. and carefully stirred, the reaction being then completed by the heat of reaction; or a melt of the sulphide or of a sulphide-oxide mixture may be run on to powdered calcium oxide with stirring. In the first case the product is boiled first with water and then with hydrochloric acid, and in the second washed with dilute acid, to remove the calcium sulphide.
Patent GB-617063-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to aneroid type instruments responsive to ambient gaseous pressure
IPC: G01L7/00
Filed: 1945-02-05
Abstract: 617,063. Indicating-apparatus; pressure gauges. WALLACE & TIERNAN PRODUCTS, Inc. Feb. 5, 1945, No. 2852. Convention date, Jan. 7, 1944. [Classes 106 (ii) and 106 (iv)] Movement-multiplying mechanism for an aneroid-type pressure gauge comprises a lever 40 rocked about a pivot 36 by the capsule 26, a gear segment 42 on the lever meshing with a pinion 43 on the pointer spindle, back-lash being eliminated by a thread 60 passing round a pulley 56 on the spindle and maintained under constant tension by a spring 57 fixed to the gear segment. A stud 30 on the aneroid capsule 26 is connected by a resilient link 35 to the lever 40, the pivot of this lever being second resilient link 36 acting as a ligament hinge. The zero reading is adjusted by varying the tension of a spring 68 bearing on the capsule, the spring being attached to a segment 70 adjusted by a pinion 72, the shaft of which is turned by a screw (not shown) having a projection engaging a slot 74 in a head on the top of the shaft.