Patent GB-189913359-A (GB)
Title: Improvements connected with the Manufacture of Carpets.
Inventor: PANITSCHEK HEINRICH
Filed: 1899-06-27
Granted: 1900-03-31
Abstract: 13,359. Panitschek, H., and Ahorn, J. June 27. Weaving pattern fabrics the weft threads of which are to be used to form tufts in the manufacture of Persian carpets. The weft threads are inserted, in the order corresponding to the rows of a diagram divided into strips, into a warp of which the threads, twisted together in pairs, are for each pick untwisted on one side of the shed and additionally twisted at the other to a definite extent, so that the weft threads which have been cut off to the correct length are twisted in the warp and separated from each other by small interspaces. The fabric thus produced is, before being wound upon the beam, cut up in the direction of the warp into bands, from which the pieces of thread can be drawn in succession for forming the tufts. Shuttleless looms for producing such fabrics comprise warp - twisting wheels, a colour - changing: arrangement with a pattern chain for automatically operating it, a weft-carrier in the form of a shuttle with spring tongs for taking the wefts through the shed, means for cutting the wefts, shuttle boxes capable of being raised and lowered to enable the weft-carrier to return below the shed, shears for cutting the fabric into bands, and other details. The coloured wefts 28 pass from a series of bobbins to spring-actuated cylinders 26 on a segment 25, which is oscillated. about a shaft 24 by arms 33 and lifters 34 in accordance with the pattern indicated on a chain 48. A lever 45 operated by this chain selects the lifter 34 to be engaged and actuated by blades 36, 37, levers 41, and connecting-rods 40 from cranks 39 on the main shaft 12. The pattern chain 48 consists of a number of lags with undercut recesses, into one of which a ball is dropped from a hopper 53 by means of slides 52 and keys 51 in accordance with the pattern. In order to prevent two balls from being placed in the same lag, the cylinder 54 is automatically turned immediately after the operation of a key. The used balls drop into a box 65, from which they can be transferred to the hopper 53. The balls are placed in the lags independently of the speed of the loom, and even when the loom is still, the automatic mechanism being always driven from the loose pulley of the loom by having the driving-belt wider than the fast pulley. When the segment 25 is in position, the weft-carrier 66, Fig. 6, seizes the end of weft projecting from the guide 27 by means of spring tongs 68, and, after carrying it through the shed, delivers it to receiving-tongs 69. The weft-carrier then acts upon a feeling-lever in the shuttle box, and causes it to operate a pair of shears for cutting the weft at the opposite side of the loom. The shuttle boxes are then lowered to allow the weftcarrier to return along the race 83 below the shed. A weft detector for stopping the loom on failure of weft comprises a lever extending across the upper race 32 and connected by a link to a catch for operating the stop-rod. The loom is also provided on each side with a shuttle detector, comprising feeling-levers to operate an arm on a shaft which has another arm for putting a catch in and out of action. The shears for cutting the fabric into bands are operated by a spring lever from a cam which is driven by belt gearing from the shaft 12. The breast beam 107 is provided with a positive take-up motion, operated from the batten, and the cloth beam is driven by ratchet gearing, operated non-positively by a weighted lever and a pin on the batten. In order to allow for the twisting of the warp threads the healds are rigid, and are provided with short transverse pins instead of mails. One heald is raised mechanically and falls by its own weight, and the other is lowered mechanically and lifted by springs. In order to render each row in the fabric discernible, a double interval is left between the last pick of one row and the first pick of the succeeding row, by moving the segment 25 to an intermediate position, in which no thread is presented to the weft-carrier.