baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent JP-S57113935-A (JP)
Title: Phase control for multiple engine system
Inventor: SUGAWARA HAYATO
IPC: F02D25/04
Filed: 1981-01-07
Abstract: PURPOSE: To eliminate the dynamic imbalance between two engines by controlling the coupling and uncoupling motions of an electromagnetic clutch connecting the two engines, thereby to constantly maintain the phase angle between the two engines within a specified range.  
     CONSTITUTION: The signals 22A and 24A, respectively, from the detector 22 which detects the rpm of the first engine 26 and the detector 24 which detects the rpm of the second engine 27 are input to said control circuit 21 and from the output signal is calculated the phase angle of the cranks of the first and second engines. The electric current applied to the electromagnetic clutch 25 is controlled by the control circuit 21 to maintain said phase angle within the specified range, thereby to control the torque transmitted by the clutch 25. 
     COPYRIGHT: (C)1982,JPO&Japio
Patent JP-H05336858-A (JP)
Title: Collar for animal
Inventor: YAMAZAKI HIDENORI
IPC: A01M29/12
Filed: 1993-01-06
Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide the animal collar effective for exterminating flea and ticks by impregnating an artificial leather with phenothrin, the artificial leather having finely porous structure surface layer of a polyurethane and a nonwoven fabric substrate layer produced by adhesively bonding nylon fibers with a polyurethane. CONSTITUTION:Phenothrin (3-phenoxybenzyl chrysanthemate) is dropped and impregnated into an artificial leather substrate having a density of 0.3-0.45g/cm<3> and comprising a polyurethane finely porous structure surface layer and a nonwoven fabric substrate layer produced by adhesively bonding nylon fibers with a polyurethane in a three-dimensional shape. The phenothrin-impregnated substrate, if necessary, is cut into a piece having a proper size and a suitable shape and subsequently bonded to a belt buckle, or the phenothrin is impregnated into a preliminarily produced artificial leather collar, thereby affording the objective animal collar exhibiting excellent effects on the extermination of insect pests such as fleas and ticks living especially in the hair of pets such as dogs and cats.
Patent JP-S60144732-A (JP)
Title: Original press-fitting device
Inventor: KINOSHITA MASAMI
IPC: G03B27/62
Filed: 1984-01-07
Abstract: PURPOSE:To prevent an original inserted onto an original placing table from being pressed by the original and slipped down by opening and closing of an original press- fitting member, by providing a means which retains the original inserted onto the original placing table when the original press-fitting member is opened. CONSTITUTION:Since a pawl 6 has a rectangular plate shape which should be set in a hole in the center of an original placing table 4 and its pivotally sticking part to a shaft 5 is projected partially to the upper face, the lower face of this pawl tries always to be held in the state parallel with the ground. Consequently, a space is provided between the upper face of a platen cover 3 and the upper face of the pawl 6 to make taking-in and-out of the original possible when the platen cover is closed; and when the platen cover is opened, an end 7 nearer to the aperture part of the original placing table 4 approaches the upper face of the platen cover gradually because the pawl 6 holds a certain attitude. The end 7 is brought into contact with the upper face of the platen cover 3 when the platen cover is opened somewhat, and the original is fixed by pressing when it inserted. Thus, the original or the like inserted onto the original placing table is pressed by the pawl 6 and is not slipped down when the platen cover is opened and closed.
Patent JP-H01213270-A (JP)
Title: Novel 3, 5-dihydroxycarboxylic acid and its derivative
Inventor: EKEHARUTO BAADAA
IPC: A61K/
Filed: 1989-01-06
Abstract: NEW MATERIAL: A compd. of formula I (wherein X-Y is CH=CH or CH 2 -CH 2 ; each of R 1  to R 3  is H, 1-6C straight or branched hydrocarbon group, 3-7C cyclic hydrocarbon group, phenyl, furyl, thienyl or pyridyl; R 4  is H, 1-8C straight or branched hydrocarbon group, 1-4C mono- or di-hydroxyalkyl, phenyl, benzyl or the like) or its corresponding lactone of formula II.  
     EXAMPLE: Ethyl 7-[3,4-di(4-fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-pyridazin-5-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-6- heptenoate.  
     USE: It is useful as an inhibitor for HMG-CoA reductase.  
     PROCESS: An appropriately substd. aldehyde of formula III is converted into a corresponding hydroxyketoester of formula IV, and then converted into a corresponding 3,5-dihydroxy compd., to obtain a compd. of formula I. 
     COPYRIGHT: (C)1989,JPO
Patent JP-H01180202-A (JP)
Title: Distillation device
Inventor: MATSUNAGA HIDEKI
IPC: C01B21/46
Filed: 1988-01-07
Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a high-purity reagent having a low content of impurities by refining by arranging a magnetic field generating means in the vicinity of a container for a soln., and arranging a filter plate above the liq. level in the container. CONSTITUTION:The closed container 1 contg. a soln. 2 is placed on a heater 3 provided with the magnetic field generating member 4 of a permanent magnet. A cooling vessel 8 is inserted from the upper part of the container 1, and a collecting conduit 13 is arranged in the vicinity of the lower part of the tapered part of the vessel 8. The lower end of the conduit 13 is extended downward through the bottom of the container 1, the heater 3, etc. A funneled collecting part 14 is formed on the upper end of the conduit 13. Furthermore, the filter plates 21a and 21b are provided respectively in the soln. 2 in the container 1 and above the liq. surface. The infiltration of ferromagnetics such as Fe and Ni in the mist into the vapor is prevented by the magnetic field generating means and filter plates, and the generation of mist due to bumping is also obviated.
Patent JP-S60146099-A (JP)
Inventor: KAMIJIYOU MASAYASU
IPC: D21H17/67
Filed: 1984-01-09
Abstract: (57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた め要約のデータは記録されません。
Patent JP-H01183037-A (JP)
Title: Light bulb type projection display device
Inventor: MIURA SADATSUGU
IPC: H01J29/12
Filed: 1988-01-06
Abstract: PURPOSE:To realize the extension of the service life of a deflecting plate by making the area of the deflecting plate 1.5 times or more of the area of the shutter of a light bulb, and providing a device to sway or rotate the deflecting plate. CONSTITUTION:A deflecting plate 104 positioned at the incident light side of a light bulb is installed on a driving motor 106 and a rotary disk 107 in order to prevent the temperature rise and the deterioration of the deflection property of the deflecting plate owing to the absorption of the high energy flux of light. In a fixed deflecting plate structure, the temperature of about 80 deg.C is raised by the light absorption. And when a deflecting plate of the outer diameter 16cm furnishing 16 sheets of fan-shape deflecting plates is rotated at 120 RPM, the heat accumulation to the deflecting plate is dispersed, and by the cooling effect of the rotation, the temperature rise amount is restricted about less than 30 deg.C. As a result, even in the ambiant temperature 40 deg.C, the guaranteed operational temperature of the deflecting plate less than 70 deg.C can be accomplished.
Patent JP-S59126748-A (JP)
Title: Vacuum brazing sheet for aluminum
Inventor: KAWASE HIROSHI
IPC: C22C21/00
Filed: 1983-01-07
Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain the titled brazing sheet having improved resistance to erosion groove in vacuum brazing by cladding a core material made of a corrosion resistant Al alloy with a brazing filler metal made of an Al alloy contg. specified percentages of Si, Mg and Bi as a shell material. CONSTITUTION:A brazing filler metal made of an Al alloy consisting of, by weight, 7.0-10.5% Si, 0.4-2.0% Mg, <=0.018% Bi and the balance Al with inevitable impurities is prepd. One side or both sides of a core material made of a corrosion resistant Al alloy are clad with the brazing filler metal as a shell material to manufacture a vacuum brazing sheet for Al.
Patent JP-H01178123-A (JP)
Title: Magnetic recording medium
Inventor: KOTANI TORU
IPC: G11B5/708
Filed: 1988-01-06
Abstract: PURPOSE:To improve durability and wear resistance by incorporating specific compds. and org. compds. expressed by NH2-Q-R<4> into a magnetic layer. CONSTITUTION:One or >=2 kinds of the compds. selected from the compds. expressed by formula I and formula II and 1 or >=2 kinds of the compds. expressed by NH2-Q-R<4> are incorporated into the magnetic layer. In formula I-formula II, R<1>-R<3> denote an alkyl group of 8-30C, aryl group and alkyl aryl group; (n) denotes 4-15 number; Q denotes an org. residues of 4-21C. R<4> of the org. compds. denote >=1 kinds of the groups selected from the group consisting of -SO3M, -OM, -COOM, -CN, etc.; M denotes hydrogen or metal element. The magnetic recording medium having the excellent durability and wear resistance is thereby obtd.
Patent PH-25986-A (PH)
Title: Toilet bar composition containing cationic guar gum
Inventor: KNOCHEL JOHN ROBERT
IPC: C11D9/26
Filed: 1989-10-30
Abstract: Toilet bar compositions containing alkali metal soap and cationic guar gum provided by a fast hydrating cationic guar gum. The bars exhibit improved bar feel. The formulations of the bars have improved processability. The toilet bars comprise alkali metal soap and from about 0.2% to about 5% by weight of the fast hydrating cationic guar gum.
Patent PH-31225-A (PH)
Title: Reconstituted tobacco product.
Inventor: LITZINGER ELMER F
IPC: A24B3/14
Filed: 1994-04-22
Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a reconstituted tobacco product wherein the process comprises extraction of tobacco furnish with an aqueous solvent in the presence of at least one ammonium salt or urea or a urea derivative or a mixture of urea or a urea derivative and at least one ammonium salt to provide an aqueous solvent extract and a fibrous material and forming the fibrous material into a sheet-like product using the papermaking process. The aqueous extract is then applied to the formed sheet-like material and further processing provides a reconstituted tobacco product having improved smoke quality.
Patent UY-32560-A (UY)
Title: Inmunoconjugados de antimesotelina y usos de los mismos
Inventor: KAHNERT DR ANTJE
IPC: A61K39/395
Filed: 2010-04-13
Abstract: Se proporciona inmonoconjugados compuestos por anticuerpos, por ejemplo anticuerpos monoclonales, o fragmentos de anticuerpos, que se unen a mesotelina,que están conjugados con agentes citotóxicos, por ejemplo maitansina, o sus derivados, y/o se co-administran o formulan con uno o más agentes anticancerosos adicionales. Los inmunoconjugados pueden usarse en procedimientos mencionados para tratar y/o diagnosticar y/o monitorizar cánceres, por ejemplo regiones de unión al antígeno recombinantes de tumores sólidos y anticuerpos y fragmentos funcionales que contienen dichas regiones de unión al antígeno que son específicas del polipéptido de mesotelina de 40 kDa anclado a membrana, que se sobreexpresa en varios tumores.
Patent UY-34700-A (UY)
Inventor: CASTRO JOSE AGUSTIN ROGELIO MAGANA
IPC: A61K9/06
Filed: 2013-03-20
Abstract: Escanear figura de pagina 15/49 y ambas figuras de pagina 19/49 del SGDD.
Patent UY-35019-A (UY)
Title: Loci de performance de fad3 y proteínas de unión específicas de un sitio objetivo correspondiente capaces de inducir rupturas direccionadas
Inventor: NOEL COGAN
IPC: A01H5/00
Filed: 2013-09-06
Abstract: Se revela un método de edición génica o apilamien to génico dentro de loci FAD3 mediante escisión,  de manera dirigida al sitio, de una ubicación en  un gen FAD3 en una célula, para generar una ruptura en el gen FAD3 y luego ligar en la ruptura una  molécula de ácido nucleico asociada con uno o más  rasgos de interés.
Patent UY-35564-A (UY)
Title: Método para elaborar celulosa nanofibrilar y para elaborar un producto de papel
Inventor: JUHA TAMPER
IPC: D21H11/20
Filed: 2014-05-13
Abstract: Un método para elaborar celulosa nanofibrilar que comprende - mezclar fibras de celulosa anionizadas o cationizadas (A) y pulpa de celulosa (P) para formar una mezcla que comprende al menos 1% y menos de 90% en peso de pulpa de celulosa, sobre la base del peso seco, - someter la mezcla a una etapa de refinación (R) en la que las fibras de celulosa anionizadas o cationizadas se reducen, al menos en parte, a celulosa nanofibrilar, y la pulpa de celulosa actúa como pulpa auxiliar, y - obtener una mezcla de celulosa nanofibrilar y pulpa de celulos a (P+NFC) a partir de la etapa de refinación. La mezcla puede utilizarse para fabricar papel agregándola a la pulpa base.
Patent UY-39731-A (UY)
Title: Derivados microbiocidas de 3-(3,4-dihidroisoquinolin-1-il)quinolin/quinoxalina sustituidos como agen
Inventor: WEISS MATTHIAS
IPC: C07D217/22
Filed: 2022-04-19
Abstract: <p>Compuestos de fórmula (I): (I) en donde los sustituyentes son como se definen en la reivindicación 1, útiles como plaguicidas, especialmente como fungicidas.</p>
Patent YU-25195-A (YU)
Title: Sistem bezgotovinskog plaćanja telefonskim putem - struktura sistema - postupak primene i poseban uređaj prilagođen za rad u sistemu
Inventor: Dejan Petkov
Filed: 1995-04-19
Abstract: SISTEM BEZGOTOVINSKOG PLAĆANJA TELEFONSKIM PUTEM - STRUKTURA SISTEMA - POSTUPAK PRIMENE I POSEBAN UREĐAJ PRILAGOĐEN ZA RAD U SISTEMU - Bezgotovinska naplata, odnosno prebacivanje novca sa računa na račun se vrši u trenutku zaključenja trgovine, korišćenjem kreditnih kartica i čekova na kojima je odštampan bar-kod ili nanet magnetni zapis sa identifikacionim brojem korisnika sa čijeg se računa vrši isplata. Naplata se obavlja tako što se telefonskim putem uspostavlja veza između prodavnice i centra sistema (6), a zatim prema njegovim zahtevima šalju relavantni podaci za naplatu: identifikacioni brojevi prvog i drugog korisnika, suma koja se isplaćuje i lozinka korisnika sa čijeg se računa isplaćuje novac. Pošto su svi podaci koji se šalju numeričke prirode, za njihovo prenošenje od terminalnog uređaja (8) do centra (6) se koristi jedna od dve standardne telefonske signalizacije za biranje brojeva: impulsna ili ton-frekventna, a brojevi se generišu na tastaturi običnog telefonskog aparata ili posebnog uređaja prilagođenog za rad u ovom sistemu.
Patent YU-34999-A (YU)
Title: Lyophilized composition of bone morphogenetic factor human mp52
Inventor: HIDEKI ICHIKAWA
IPC: A61K47/26
Filed: 1998-01-29
Abstract: A stable freeze-dried composition of a bone morphogenetic protein human MP52 wherein coloration and shrinking of MP52 during storage and aggregation at the re-dissolution can be prevented. The composition is obtained by mixing MP52 with mannitol at a weight ratio of 1 : 5 to 1 : 50 followed by freeze-drying.
Patent YU-39499-A (YU)
Title: Dispensing razor blade cartridges used with a handle
Inventor: METCALF STEPHEN C
IPC: B26B21/52
Filed: 1998-02-18
Abstract: A cartridge dispenser (10) for razor blade cartridges (12), including latches (22) that retain cartridges in predetermined positions permitting connection to a handle connecting structure (64) on a handle (63), as the handle is moved toward the cartridge; each latch (22) having a latch camming structure (54) that is shaped and positioned to interact with corresponding handle camming structure (69), so as to cause the latch (22) to be deflected and to unlatch a cartridge (12), as the handle is moved toward and connected to cartridge connecting structure (16) of a cartridge. The dispenser (10), also has blade unit dividers (36) that extend from the base (34), is substantially perpendicular to the base, and define blade unit regions in which the blade units are received, and angled dividers (42) that extend from the ends of respective blade unit dividers (36) at acute angles with the base, and define angled regions through which the blade units pass in delivery to and removal from the blade unit regions, and in which the cartridge connecting structure is received.
Patent YU-50393-A (YU)
Title: Nova vakcina protiv besnila
Inventor: BENEJEAN J
Filed: 1993-07-20
Abstract: NOVA VAKCINA PROTIV BESNILA koja se sastoji od avirulentnog mutanta SAD soja virusa besnila, čiji glycoprotein ima u poziciji 333 prirodnu amino kiselinu čiji se kodon razlikuje od kodona arginina za najmanje dva nukleotida. Vakcina iz pronalaska koristi se u vakcinaciji protiv besnila.
Patent YU-61492-A (YU)
Title: Novi sulfonamidi
Inventor: BURRI K
IPC: C07D239/46
Filed: 1992-06-12
Abstract: NOVI SULFONAMIDI, novi sulfonamidi prema formuli I, u kojoj simboli R1-R9, Ra, Rb, X, Y i n imaju značenje dato u opisu, i njihove soli, koje se mogu koristiti kao aktivna materija kod proizvodnje lekova za tretman oboljenja krvotoka, posebno povišenog krvnog pritiska, ishemije, vazospazmi i angine pektoris.
Patent YU-79789-A (YU)
Title: Naprava za prekidanje protoka tople i hladne vode kod tuša baterija-vodoekonomik
Inventor: NIKAS PEROVIC
Filed: 1989-04-18
Abstract: NAPRAVA ZA PREKIDANJE PROTOKA TOPLE I HLADNE VODE KOD TUŠA BATERIJA-VODOEKONOMIK, pronalazak se odnosi na napravu za prekidanje protoka tople i hladne vode kod tuša baterije, koja se sastoji iz krstastog šupljeg tela (1) u koje je umetnut aksijalno pokretni umetak (2) na kojem su izvedeni žljebovi (7) u koje su postavljene gumene zaptivke (7'). Cilindrični delovi (8) i (9) pokretnog umetka (2) služe za otvaranje i zatvaranje protoka vode, a na krajevima umetka (2) navučeni su čaurasti delovi (12).
Patent AT-A169098-A (AT)
IPC: B30B11/24
Filed: 1998-10-09
Abstract: The longer drive shaft (1) is fitted with a gear wheel (5) meshing with an intermediate gear wheel (4) turning the shorter drive shaft (2) Preferred features: Near the two power take-off shafts (7), a further take-off shaft drives the wheel (4) of the shorter drive shaft. Both drive shafts (1, 2) lie in a common plane of separation of the gear casing.
Patent BE-800615-A (BE)
Title: Mercury cathode electrolytic cell - for prodn of chlorine from alkali metal chlorides
Inventor: GRASSI B
IPC: C25B13/04
Filed: 1973-06-07
Abstract: Also for prodn of amalgam of the alkali metal, the cell is a tank with a sloping floor over which the Hg cathode flows from inlet at upper end to amalgam drain at lower end. The tank has anodes suspended from the cover, gas outlet in the cover and fresh soln feed and exhausted soln drain in the walls. At intervals, with the current switched off and/or the anodes raised clear, the floor is vibrated either in its own plane along the direction of flow of the mercury or transverse to it, or in a perpendicular plane. Mechanical, electromagnetic, piezoelectric or magnetostructure vibrators may be used. Better extraction of amalgam and replacement by fresh Hg.
Patent BE-821664-A (BE)
Title: Non-inflammable polyurethanes and polyureas - with 2,3-dibromo-2-butene 1,4-diol as reactant and opt. epoxy stabiliser
IPC: C08G18/67
Filed: 1974-10-30
Abstract: A non-inflammable polyurethane or polyurea compsn. contains (A) the reaction prod. of (a) a cpd. with gps. contg. reactive H, (b) an organic polyisocyanate, and (c) 2,3-dibromo-2-butene 1,4-diol, where this prod. contains 4-22 (10-14) wt. % Br and has ratio NCO:OH of 0.95-1. 15:1 (0.98-1.02:1), and (B) as stabiliser, 0-7 (0.5-5)% of where Y is H, 1-12C alkyl, 1-4C alkoxy or halogen, X = 0-4 and n = 0-25. The compsn. has stability to heat, and to solar and ultraviolet light is improved. The physical and mechanical properties of the polyurethanes are retained. The polyurethanes may be rubbers, foams, varnish films, or fibres.
Patent BE-896072-A (BE)
Title: Frame for manhole cover - uses openings and notches in outer leg to allow flow of concrete into inner cavity
IPC: E02D29/14
Filed: 1983-03-03
Abstract: The frame is used to mount a manhole cover and has a rim of U shape in cross section, being designed to key into a carriageway surface. The outer leg of the U incorporates openings or notches which serve to aid the flow of concrete into the cavity. The openings and notches occupy the major part of the leg surface and form frame-retaining ears, the internal leg terminating in a square internal return. The frame may be of a segmental construction, or may be in one piece.
Patent BE-896391-A (BE)
Title: Manual propulsion for water craft - has hinged blades attached to handle operated with pumping action or used as paddle
IPC: B63H16/04
Filed: 1983-04-07
Abstract: The manually operated drive for propelling a surf board on light craft in water, has a handle with a set of blades attached to it. All the blades are secured by couplings at right angles to the handle, acting as hinges so that they can be swung from a vertical closed position to a horizontal open position. When the blades are closed, the drive can be used as a paddle, all the blades forming a single large area surface. Alternatively a pair can be used as oars, and in another method, the handle can be reciprocated vertically forming a pumping action, the blades being raised and lowered.
Patent BE-900704-A (BE)
Title: Plaque de parement isolante et procede pour la fabrication de celle-ci.
IPC: E04F13/08
Filed: 1984-09-28
Abstract: Une plaque de parement isolante (1) qui consiste en un panneau (2) en une matière synthétique isolante, sur lequel est déposée une couche de colle (4) permettant l'adhésion de plaquettes (3) de faible épaisseur, qui procurent l'aspect d'un parement de briques, de pierres de taille, de moellons, de pierres bleues ou autres.
Patent BE-901538-A (BE)
Title: Dispositif de determination de micro-organismes.
Inventor: BRUSEWITZ G
IPC: C12M1/00
Filed: 1985-01-21
Abstract: Un dispositif de détermination de micro-organismes consiste en un récipient (1) obturable par un couvercle (3) et logeant un chassis allongé (2) qui supporte des couches nourricières et comporte plusieurs cuvettes (10,11) réceptrices de substances nutritives, dont les faces supérieures possèdent un système de recouvrement amovible. Au moins un raccord de remplissage obturable (19,20) élaboré sur ledit chassis (2) débouche dans chaque cuvette (10,11).
Patent BE-903844-A (BE)
Title: Nouvelles amino-2, nitro-4 hydroxyalkyl-6 anilines, leur procede de preparation et leur utilisation en teinture des fibres keratiniques.
Inventor: JUNINO A
IPC: A61K8/34
Filed: 1985-12-12
Abstract: Amino-2, nitro-4, hydroxyalkyl-6 anilines de formule I dans laquelle X désigne un radical alkylène ramifié ou non, avec de 2 à 6 atomes de carbone, l'un de ces atomes pouvant etre substitué par un ou plusieurs radicaux hydroxyle; R1 et R2 désignent indépendamment l'un de l'autre un atome d'hydrogène, un radical alkyle, nono- ou polyhydroxyalkyle ou aminoalkyle dont la fonction amine peut etre substituée par un radical alkyle ou mono- ou polyhydroxyalkyle, l'atome d'azote pouvant faire partie d'un hétérocycle, les radicaux alkyle ayant 1 à 4 atomes de carbone; R' désigne un atome d'hydrogène ou un radical alkyle comportant 1 à 4 atomes de carbone.
Patent BE-904457-A (BE)
Title: Livestock building manure scraper system - has ratchet drive system of rods with pawls interacting with ratchet mechanisms in scrapers
IPC: A01K1/01
Filed: 1986-03-21
Abstract: The livestock building manure scraper system consists of reciprocating rods (7) with scrapers (11), set lengthwise in the manure channels. The rods have ratchet pawls a which interact with ratchet mechanisms in the scrapers to convert the rods' reciprocating motion into a lengthwise movement of the scrapers which is reversed at the ends of the channels. - The reciprocating motion of the rods is provided by an alternating hydraulic cylinder (3). The cylinder is driven e.g. from a tractor hydraulic system through a distributor (4), or by a separate electric drive unit. (25pp Dwg.No.1/8)
Patent BE-904544-A (BE)
Title: Dispositif a microcanaux a memoire d'image.
IPC: H01J43/24
Filed: 1986-04-02
Abstract: Dispositif qui produit une trace ou une image ou qui stocke une telle trace ou image au moyen de deux galettes de microcanaux. Une première galette de microcanaux en série avec une seconde autre galette de microcanaux provoque sélectivement une multiplication électronique dans cette dernière qui, elle-meme, provoque une réaction dans la première. La sélection que l'on vient d'évoquer est assurée par des valves appropriées.