Patent GB-836720-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to lubricants
Filed: 1956-08-31
Abstract: A lubricating composition comprises an oleaginous lubricant and a vinylic filler which consists of substantially rigid particles of a polymeric material derived from the polymerization of one or more ethylenically unsaturated materials.  The polymerization is conducted so that there is cross-linking within the particles to such an extent that the particles are substantially completely insoluble in the lubricant.  Oleaginous lubricants mentioned are mineral and fatty oils; oils derived from coal tar or from the hydrogenation of coal, peat, asphalt or petroleum residues; olefin polymers and condensation products of these with aromatic hydrocarbons, and oxidation products of such polymers and condensates; voltolization products of fatty oils or unsaturated hydrocarbons; hydrogenated, hydroxylated, epoxidized or oxidized fatty oils; blends of fatty oils with fatty acids or the corresponding mono- or di-glycerides; alkyl esters of mono-or di-carboxylic acids; organic esters of acids of phosphorus; phosphene oxides; polyglycols or alkylene oxide polymers, and ethers thereof; polymers formed between hydrogen sulphide and unsaturated alcohols or ethers; sulphurized metal soaps of unsaturated fatty acids and selenium or tellurium analogues thereof; fluorocarbons including polymers of chlorotrifluoroethylene; fluorinated mono- or di-carboxylic acids; fluorinated alcohols and esters thereof with phosphorus acids or with fluorinated phosphorus acids; silicone and metasilicate ester polymers, which may contain sulphur, selenium, tellurium, halogen, or sulphonic acid, alkoxy or nitro groups. The lubricating composition may contain additional ingredients such soap thickneners (e.g. soaps of Group I, II, III, IV or VIII metals with fatty, naphthenic or resin acids, including hydroxylated, oxidized or epoxidized fatty acids, and/or soaps or amines such as stearylamine and triethanolamine), salts of petroleum sulphonic acids, other thickening agents (magnesia, alumina, and other metal oxides, hydroxides and sulphides, and the thickening agents known under the Registered Trade Mark "Bentone"), emulsifiers (e.g. the soaps mentioned above as thickeners) and basic hydrophobic cationic surface-active agents (e.g. amines, amides, heterocyclic nitrogen compounds and quaternary ammonium salts and bases).  The vinylic filler may be a homopolymer, copolymer or graft polymer, and may comprise polar or reactive surface atoms or groups, for example, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur or halogen, especially in the form of amine, hydroxyl, mercaptan, acyl, carboxyl, thiocarboxyl, esterified carboxyl, esterified thiocarboxyl, etherified hydroxyl or corresponding thioether, sulphone, sulphonic, nitro, nitrile, isonitrile, cyanate or isocyanate groups.  Alternatively, the vinylic filler may be surfaced with organic materials including amines, alcohols, phenols, acids, esters, ethers, acetals, nitro-compounds, nitriles, isonitriles, mercaptans, thioethers, sulphones, or sulphonic acids, or surfaced with inorganic materials including metal salts or metal complexes.  In the examples, monomers mentioned in connection with the preparation of the vinylic fillers are styrene, divinyl benzene, vinyl toluene, acrolein, methacrolein, maleic anhydride, methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate.  The preparation of lubricating compositions, including lubricating greases, is described. Specification 799,043 is referred to.