baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent DE-19718729-C1 (DE)
Title: Rotating knife ring for untreated timber chipping machine
Inventor: PALLMANN WILHELM
IPC: B27L11/00
Filed: 1997-05-02
Granted: 1998-03-26
Abstract: The device has cutter sets consisting of chipper knives and slitting tools. The inward directed parallel knife blades have associated chip passage apertures. For chipping of untreated and dirty timber, the passage apertures (13) have gaps (17) and intermediate rails (16) at axial distances. These are relatively offset in an axial direction, so that each rail is followed by a gap in movement direction of the knife ring.  The axial size of the gaps is larger than that of the rails. The passages are formed by recesses on the wearing shoes of the knife ring.
Patent DE-19821539-C1 (DE)
Title: Switching arrangement, and method for recognition and control, of attached electrical load
Inventor: THIEMANN HANS-JOACHIM
IPC: G01R31/00
Filed: 1998-05-14
Granted: 1999-10-07
Abstract: The arrangement uses a capacitor attached to the output of the load switch. A voltage is applied to the capacitor (C) for one time period during which the load is applied at load output (LA). The voltage divider (R1,R2) feeds voltage back to the input port of the microprocessor which recognizes whether a load is attached or not. The port (P) has a digital value which is applied for a second time period.
Patent DE-19822915-C1 (DE)
Title: Hose clip
Inventor: ANTHES STEFFEN JOHN
IPC: F16L33/04
Filed: 1998-05-22
Granted: 1999-09-23
Abstract: The hose clip has a clamping band (1) with two connecting shells (11,12) each rotatably mounted in a tube (3,2). The connecting shells are planar on their sides which have wall sections (18,19) over the same length as the shells, in which threaded apertures (13,14) to receive the tensioning screw are formed. The larger part (20,21) of the wall of the connecting shell is cylindrical.
Patent DE-19857692-C1 (DE)
Title: Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur zellspurbasierten Zelluntersuchung
Inventor: FUHR GUENTER
IPC: C12N5/00
Filed: 1998-12-14
Granted: 2000-08-24
Abstract: Zur zellspurbasierten Untersuchung biologischer Zellen, bei dem die Zellen (16) auf ein zumindest teilweise strukturiertes und/oder oberflächenmodifiziertes Substrat (11) aufgebracht werden und sich adhärent über Bahn-Oberflächenbereiche (13, 15) des Substrats unter Erzeugung von Zellspuren (14a, 14b) bewegen, die aus von den Zellen abgetrennten Materialrückständen bestehen, werden Zelluntersuchungen an den Zellspuren durchgeführt.
Patent DE-19858195-C1 (DE)
Title: Anchor for dental prosthesis has middle section has middle section with legs on ends having fixings to prosthesis
Inventor: ROBBENMENKE DIRK
IPC: A61C5/73
Filed: 1998-12-17
Granted: 2000-05-18
Abstract: The anchor (28) for a dental prosthesis has a middle section (34) and two legs (38) which have fixing ends (46). The middle section has a stop projection (30) from the side of the middle section opposite the legs. The legs have rounded outer edges (52). The outer edges (50) of the ends (46) of the legs are at least partially curved.
Patent DE-19912457-C1 (DE)
Title: Physical exercise apparatus for training back and stomach muscles has frame with large ring member with smaller offset ring inside it encircling user's waist
Inventor: GELFAND IURI
IPC: A63B23/00
Filed: 1999-03-19
Granted: 2000-06-08
Abstract: The apparatus has a large horizontal ring frame (1) set at waist level with an inner ring (10) rotating on rollers (11). A cord (13) going round this ring passes over the roller drive of a brake mechanism (4). The small ring (9) touches the inside of the big ring at one point, and is also braced to it by a strut (12).
Patent DE-19945234-C1 (DE)
Title: Spring assembly for mattress support of bed has horizontal tension devices between two end supports and has tension devices, which are uncoupled in area under person's waist when lying on bed
Inventor: HEERKLOTZ SIEGFRIED
IPC: A47C31/12
Filed: 1999-09-21
Granted: 2001-10-25
Abstract: The spring assembly has horizontal tension devices (5) between two end supports (34), which are connected to a support frame (12) of tension beams (13). Evenly spaced moving parts are arranged in the head and bottom areas of a person lying on the bead. Tension devices are uncoupled from a support surface (8) in at least the area under the person's waist.  The support surfaces of the tension devices are spaced at least 2 cm above support beams (11). At least one transverse beam (2') is arranged in the waist area. The upper side of the tension beams slopes downwards to the opposite side of the tension beam connected by the same tension device.
Patent DE-19953933-C1 (DE)
Title: System for regulating IC engine with gas changing valves with variable control for variable adjustment of combustion air amount to be supplied with throttle operable independent of valves with regulating-control unit
Inventor: WUNDERLICH KLAUS
IPC: F02D13/02
Filed: 1999-11-10
Granted: 2001-02-15
Abstract: The system is designed so that with the failure to reach the reference pressure in the regulating and control valve, a control signal activates the throttle unit in the engine suction pipe, and with the exceeding of the reference pressure in the regulating and control valve, at least one control signal is producible, activating a gas exchange valve. The actual accelerator setting is assigned a desired air mass (L soll,O) and a desired pressure (P soll,O P soll,k). The desired pressure is compared with a reference pressure (P a). With the failure to reach the reference pressure, the control of the desired air mass results across the throttle unit in the engine suction pipe. The exceeding of the reference pressure results in the control of the desired air mass across the gas change valves.
Patent DE-19961985-C1 (DE)
Title: Flexibler Leitungsstrang und Leitungstrommel zur Aufnahme des Leitungsstrangs
Inventor: GLUECKHARDT REIMUND
IPC: B65H75/26
Filed: 1999-12-22
Granted: 2001-09-27
Abstract: Ein flexibler Leitungsstrang (1) ist auf eine Leitungstrommel spiralförmig wickelbar, wobei seine der Achse der Leitungstrommel zugewandte Unterseite (7) gegensinnig zu seiner radial äußeren Oberseite (8) ausgebildet. Die Unterseite (7) und die Oberseite (8) zweier benachbarter Wickellagen (12, 13) des Leitungsstrangs (1) greifen durch auf den Ober- bzw. Unterseiten (7, 8) in Längsrichtung verlaufende Zentriernuten (10) und Zentrierrippen 89) formschlüssig ineinander.
Patent MD-4417-C1 (MD)
Title: Ball game simulator
Inventor: BERECHELEA Sergei Anatolievici
IPC: A63B69/34
Filed: 2015-04-07
Abstract: The invention relates to sports equipment, in particular to ball game simulators, and can be used in technique practicing by the footballer.The ball game simulator comprises a connecting cable, which consists of an elastic shock absorber (1), made of textile gum, the ends of which are fixed in the upper and lower fasteners (2), made in the form of metal brackets and equipped with rings. The absorber (1) is connected to a flexible inextensible thread (3) of synthetic material, one end of which is passed through the ring of the lower fastener (2) and fixed by means of a clamp (7) with the possibility of adjusting the length of the thread (3). At the other end of the thread (3) is fixed a grid (4), in which the ball (5) is placed. In the middle part of the thread (3), in two points, is fixed by ends a stretcher (6), passed through the rigidly fixed ring of the upper fastener (2).
Patent RU-2035566-C1 (RU)
Title: Floor heating panel
Inventor: KIM KLIMENTIJ N
IPC: E04F15/00
Filed: 1992-10-20
Granted: 1995-05-20
Abstract: FIELD: construction. SUBSTANCE: floor heating panel has reinforced concrete slab with grooves and electroheating element embedded in grooves. Panel has reinforced concrete covering and electric insulating layers. Covering is made in form of box embracing reinforced concrete slab chamfered over its periphery at one of supporting faces, and grooves are made on slab opposite face. Electric insulating layers are located on contacting each other longitudinal and side faces of reinforced concrete slab, box and in grooves. Electric heating element is made of concrete with electric conduction of 0.1 to 50 S/m. Provision is made of reinforced concrete slab from concrete with heat conduction below 0.3 kcal/m h C and covering from concrete with heat conduction of above 1.3 kcal/m h C. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 2 cl, 2 dwg
Patent RU-2077892-C1 (RU)
Title: Method for treating recidivating pulmonary edema
Inventor: SIRENKO YURIJ NIKOLAEVICH
IPC: A61M1/36
Filed: 1992-10-15
Granted: 1997-04-27
Abstract: FIELD: medicine; cardiology. SUBSTANCE: catheter is introduced into femoral vein of patient under aseptic conditions. Patient is subjected to local anesthesia. Catheter made of cuprophan is inserted through adapter element into aperture of femoral vein, while other end of catheter is connected with pump. Ultrafiltration process is carried out for 1-8 days under depression 350-500 mm Hg until clinical manifestations of pulmonary edema are eliminated. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 1 tbl
Patent RU-2053037-C1 (RU)
Inventor: TETERIN EVGENIJ P
IPC: B21D26/02
Filed: 1992-11-24
Granted: 1996-01-27
Abstract: FIELD: machine engineering. SUBSTANCE: method comprises steps of feeding a working liquid along a line, being tangent relative to a surface to be worked; performing the feed with a rate, providing an interaction of the liquid with the surface, being worked, over a time period, being less, than a relaxation interval of the liquid; at a time moment of contact of the liquid with the surface, being worked, subjecting the liquid to forced compression. EFFECT: enhanced quality of finish treatment of material surface. 1 cl, 2 dwg
Patent RU-2073002-C1 (RU)
Inventor: RADISSON XAVIER
IPC: A61P31/04
Filed: 1991-07-15
Granted: 1997-02-10
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/FR91/00579 Sec. 371 Date Jan. 4, 1993 Sec. 102(e) Date Jan. 4, 1993 PCT Filed Jul. 15, 1991 PCT Pub. No. WO92/01692 PCT Pub. Date Feb. 6, 1992.Method for preparing (dialkylamino-2 alkyl)sulphonyl-26 pristinamycin IIB having general formula (I)    <IMAGE>  (I)  by oxidation of (dialkylamino-2 alkyl)thio-26 pristinamycin IIB with 3,5 to 20 of hydrogenperoxide equivalent, in the presence of alcaline metal tungstate, in a 2-phase medium, at a temperature between 10 DEG  and 25 DEG  C.
Patent RU-2081285-C1 (RU)
Inventor: SUKHORUKOV BORIS I
IPC: E06C1/04
Filed: 1993-02-02
Granted: 1997-06-10
Abstract: Использование: подъем грузов на значительную высоту. Сущность изобретения: лестница содержит П-образную площадку, ступени большие и малые, строповочное приспособление, подъемное устройство в виде навесного крана с четырехрядным роликовым блоком. Леса и люльки расположены между гибкими элементами со ступенями. На лесах размещена лебедка с редуктором. Верхние концы гибких элементов закреплены на ловителях, взаимодействующих со сбрасывателями. Нижние концы закреплены на опорной раме. 8 ил.
Patent RU-2044869-C1 (RU)
Title: Oil flow switch
Inventor: KHAZIEV NAGIM N
IPC: E21B21/10
Filed: 1993-03-10
Granted: 1995-09-27
Abstract: FIELD: oil producing industry. SUBSTANCE: oil flow switch has body with branch pipes. Installed in body is turning plug with spherical working surface and movable bushings with sealing members located in its branch pipes for interaction by its sealing members with spherical working surface of turning plug. There are immovable bushings installed in body branch pipes and rings with sealing members and shims. Rings with sealing members are installed on movable bushings to form closed space. Springs and shims are arranged between rings with sealing members and closed space between rings with sealing members is filled with lubricant. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 2 dwg
Patent RU-2066292-C1 (RU)
Title: Ozonizer
Inventor: TSYPKIN VALENTIN YU
IPC: C01B13/11
Filed: 1993-03-10
Granted: 1996-09-10
Abstract: FIELD: production of ozone from non-dried air to disinfect, deodorize, antiseptize space and foods. SUBSTANCE: ozonizer has dielectric tube and electrodes pressed to its inner and outer surfaces. Electrodes are made of electroconductive band. They are placed along spiral and one edge of each band is bent out and located correspondingly over pressed edge of other band. Bent out edge is toothed and inclined to tube surface an angle of 3 - 60 deg. and has spaces from sharp tops of teeth to tube surface are 0.5 - 10 mm. Each band is pressed to tube inner and outer surfaces by current conducting bus. EFFECT: increased productivity. 2 cl, 1 dwg
Patent RU-2086160-C1 (RU)
Title: Juice concentration apparatus
Inventor: IGNATCHENKO IVAN F
IPC: A23L2/08
Filed: 1993-03-18
Granted: 1997-08-10
Abstract: FIELD: equipment for mechanized reprocessing of agricultural raw material, may be used in low-capacity enterprises. SUBSTANCE: apparatus has heater with inlet and outlet ends interconnected via circulation product guide, charging and discharge branch pipes and steam pipe connected with circulation product guide. Closed circuit positioned in circulation product guide is connected with drive and provided with product remover. Closed circuit is extending through reservoir divided by wall into two cavities. Heater is formed as inductor embracing closed circuit. EFFECT: increased efficiency, simplified construction, wider operational capabilities and enhanced reliability in operation. 4 cl, 6 dwg
Patent RU-2065875-C1 (RU)
Inventor: PSHENICHNOV ROBERT A
IPC: C12R1/19
Filed: 1993-04-19
Granted: 1996-08-27
Abstract: FIELD: medicinal microbiology. SUBSTANCE: new natural strain Escherichia coli ("ЛЭГМ"-18) "ВКПМ" B-6240 is proposed for colibacterin producing - highly effective biological agent. Strain is from family Enterobacteriaceae, genus Escherichia and a typical representative of Escherichia coli commune. Strain "ЛЭГМ"-18 shows the enhanced reproductive properties, high antagonistic activity with regard to Flexner and Zonne shigellas, enhanced resistance to colicins and antibiotics as compared with the strain M-17. Strain does not show pathogenicity, it nontoxic, shows increased resistance to active chlorine action and UV-irradiation. Colibacterin obtained from the strain "ВКПМ" B-6240 can be used for treatment of chronic colitis, intestine disbacteriosis, for dysentery prophylaxis and other enteric sicknesses. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of colibacterin. 1 tbl
Patent RU-2073661-C1 (RU)
Title: Raw materials mixture for manufacturing of cellular concrete
Inventor: MOGUNOV VIKTOR V
IPC: C04B38/02
Filed: 1993-04-27
Granted: 1997-02-20
Abstract: FIELD: porous building materials. SUBSTANCE: proposed mixture contains (%): portland cement 4.7-55, lime 7.8-30, ground zeolite 37-64, aluminium powder 0.07-0.29, superpeptizer 0.13-1.2. EFFECT: increases coefficient of constructive quality of desired concrete. 2 tbl
Patent RU-2116081-C1 (RU)
Title: Cyclic inhibitors of adhesion
Inventor: AL FRED JONCHIK
IPC: A61K38/12
Filed: 1993-07-05
Granted: 1998-07-27
Abstract: FIELD: chemistry of peptides. SUBSTANCE: composition has cyclopeptide taken from the following groups: cyclo-(-Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Val-Ala); cyclo-(-Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Leu-Ala); cyclo-(-Arg-Gly-Asp-Phe-Val-D-Ala); cyclo-(-Arg-Gly-Asp-Phe-Leu-D-Ala); cyclo-(-Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Val-Gly); cyclo-(-Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Leu-Gly); cyclo-(-D-Arg-Gly-Asp-Phe-Val-Ala); cyclo-(-D-Arg-Gly-Asp-Phe-Val-Gly); cyclo-(-Arg-Gly-Asp-Phe-Pro-Gly); cyclo-(-Arg-Gly-Asp-Phe-D-Pro-Gly); cyclo-(-Arg-Gly-Asp-Phe-Pro-Ala); cyclo-(-Arg-Gly-Asp-Phe-D-Pro-Ala); cyclo-(-D-Arg-Gly-Asp-Phe-Val); cyclo-(-Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Val); cyclo-(-Arg-Ala-Asp-D-Phe-Val); cyclo-(-Arg-Gly-Asp-Phe-D-Val); cyclo-(-Arg-Gly-D-Asp-Phe-Val) or its salt. Indicated composition can be used in medicine for treatment and prophylaxis of thrombosis, myocardium infarction, hemorrhage, arteriosclerosis, inflammation, stenocardia and/or tumors, osteoporosis. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of composition. 6 cl, 7 ex, 1 tbl
Patent RU-2041294-C1 (RU)
Inventor: GOKHSHTEJN ALEKSANDR YA
IPC: C25C3/12
Filed: 1993-07-02
Granted: 1995-08-09
Abstract: FIELD: aluminum electrolysis. SUBSTANCE: element of a continuous anode looks like burnt carbon block 1 with channel 2 for threaded spindle. Graphite sleeve 4 is built in the block, and the channel is made inside it, and along it. Channel wall is smooth along its length. The sleeve consists of two graphite chutes of semi-circular cross section. Outer lateral surface of the sleeve may have cross ribs to engage the block. The sleeve may be made either of graphite or graphitized carbonic material. EFFECT: high productivity. 5 cl, 6 dwg
Patent RU-2101967-C1 (RU)
Inventor: STARTSEV VLADIMIR VITAL EVICH
IPC: A23C1/12
Filed: 1993-07-07
Granted: 1998-01-20
Abstract: FIELD: domestic equipment. SUBSTANCE: apparatus has product vapor pumping out unit, vapor separator and calorizator. Product vapor pumping out unit has surface condenser connected in series with water jet ejector. Calorizator has vessel-evaporator with electric heaters, outer and inner containers defining heat-carrier circuit. Vessel-evaporator is communicated with heat-carrier circuit and positioned below it. Vapor separator is formed as annular chamber positioned in inner cavity of calorizator. EFFECT: increased efficiency, simplified construction, enhanced reliability in operation. 3 cl, 1 dwg
Patent RU-2072281-C1 (RU)
Title: Filler granule for combined electric treatment
Inventor: SMOLENTSEV VLADISLAV PAVLOVICH
IPC: B23H5/12
Filed: 1993-07-14
Granted: 1997-01-27
Abstract: FIELD: dimensional combined electric treatment of parts, in particular, thin-walled parts in electrolyte. SUBSTANCE: parts are treated with granules formed as hollow or porous cores covered with metal layer. Core may be made from plastic (hollow) or from foam plastic. Metal layer thickness is within the range of 0.2-0.3 mm. EFFECT: increased efficiency, improved quality of treated parts. 2 dwg
Patent RU-2042284-C1 (RU)
Inventor: ZAGVAZDIN VALENTIN P
IPC: H04S3/00
Filed: 1993-08-16
Granted: 1995-08-20
Abstract: FIELD: domestic appliances. SUBSTANCE: sound-reproduction stereo system includes attenuators connected through adder and amplifier to low-frequency radiator. Acoustic wide-band radiators are linked through high-frequency filters to information inputs of system which are coupled to one of attenuators directly and to others through high-frequency filters. EFFECT: expanded application range. 1 dwg
Patent RU-2089173-C1 (RU)
Title: Face cream
Inventor: KISEL ANDREJ ALEKSANDROVICH
IPC: A61K8/92
Filed: 1993-11-03
Granted: 1997-09-10
Abstract: FIELD: cosmetics. SUBSTANCE: cream contains ingredients in the following ratio, mas.%: olive oil, 4.0-6.0; emulsion wax, 1.5-2.5; beeswax, 1.0-2.0; glycerine stearate, 1.0-2.0; cosmetic stearin, 1.0-2.0; triethanolamine, 0.5-0.7; glucose, 1.0-2.0; methyl ether of paraoxybenzoate acid, 0.15-0.2; propyl ether of paraoxybenzoate acid, 0.05-0.2; 20-% alcohol solution of ginseng biomass infusion, 0.05-0.2; distilled glycerine, 4.0-5.0; flavor, 0.5-2.0; water, the balance. EFFECT: higher biological value.
Patent RU-2065958-C1 (RU)
Title: Device for simulation of electrical properties of rock
Inventor: LEBEDEV VLADIMIR VLADIMIROVICH
IPC: E21B47/00
Filed: 1993-12-14
Granted: 1996-08-27
Abstract: FIELD: geophysical investigations. SUBSTANCE: device is used for checking characteristics of downhole equipment. For simulation of electrical properties of rock it has external tube filled with electrolyte. One part of tube is made of metal, other part - of dielectric. Located inside of this tube is a set of dielectric tubes with through holes. Internal tubes are installed at different clearances relative to each other. Dielectric tubes are of different thickness. Bore area of holes at local sections is various. Through holes of adjacent tubes are shifted. EFFECT: high accuracy. 1 dwg
Patent RU-2067840-C1 (RU)
Title: Line for rubbing fruits with sugar and producing canned foods
Inventor: KVASENKOV OLEG I
IPC: A23L19/00
Filed: 1994-06-29
Granted: 1996-10-20
Abstract: FIELD: canned food industry. SUBSTANCE: line has inspection conveyor, washing machine and cylindrical-conical rotor, positioned in succession along production line. Washing machine fruit exit end is connected with cylindrical part of rotor- cavitation extractor shell divided into two sections. Cylindrical part of rotor is separated from its diffuser part by bead on its inner surface and is positioned in shell section connected with steam source. Production line is further provided with aseptic filling and capping automatic machine, whose product inlet end is connected with shell section of extractor, and with sugar solution preparing container connected with cylindrical part of extractor rotor. EFFECT: increased capacity, simplified construction and wider range of high-quality canned products. 2 dwg
Patent RU-2083189-C1 (RU)
Title: Crank knee block with controlled breaking and lock for lower limb prosthesis
Inventor: FARBER BORIS S
IPC: A61F2/64
Filed: 1994-07-12
Granted: 1997-07-10
Abstract: FIELD: medicine, prosthetic design. SUBSTANCE: crank knee block contains a socket with two internal reverse cones inside the crank, balls, supporting disks, a spring, a pusher, a lever, lower and upper caps, fastening elements. The balls are situated in a space between the cones of socket and plunger, one cap is tightly connected with a crank. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 2 dwg
Patent RU-2101241-C1 (RU)
Inventor: TOROPINA LARISA VLADIMIROVNA
IPC: C08J5/08
Filed: 1995-02-01
Granted: 1998-01-10
Abstract: FIELD: chemical industry; production of glass fibres intended for manufacturing technical fabrics. SUBSTANCE: proposed oiling agent comprises following components: gamma-aminopropyl triethoxy silane, vinyl triethoxyethoxy silane, emulsol T, dicyanodiamide formaldehyde resin, dibutyl sebacinate, preparation OC-20, acetic acid and water. Inventive novelty of proposed oiling agent resides in fact that it additionally comprises effluents resulting from production of soap, said components being present in following weight ratio, wt.%: gamma-aminopropyl triethoxy silane 0.35-0.4; vinyl triethoxyethoxy silane 0.35-0.5; dicyanodiamide formaldehyde resin 1.9-2.3; emulsol T 0.5-1.0; dibutyl sebacinate 1.0-2.0; preparation OC-20 1.2-2.0; acetic acid 0.1-0.15; effluents resulting from soap production 1.5-2.5, water being balance. EFFECT: glass plastics based on fabrics treated with proposed oiling agent feature enhanced strength and water resistance. 5 tbl
Patent RU-2109305-C1 (RU)
Title: Radar device for checking of speed of band conveyers and moving (rotating) assemblies of mechanisms
Inventor: ASONOV V K
IPC: G01S13/00
Filed: 1995-02-10
Granted: 1998-04-20
Abstract: FIELD: speed-control systems. SUBSTANCE: device is made as series-connected speed transducer, amplifier-differentiator, tracking filter, null-comparator, frequency-to-voltage converter, comparison device, and unit which forms command to switch off belt conveyers or mechanisms. EFFECT: improved checking process. 2 dwg
Patent RU-2052627-C1 (RU)
Inventor: BIKCHENTAEV RAFIK M
IPC: E21B17/01
Filed: 1995-04-11
Granted: 1996-01-20
Abstract: FIELD: manufacture of oil field machinery. SUBSTANCE: sucker rod additionally has fixing cylindrical zone of collar bushing inner hollow, longitudinal recesses on outer surface of each end of glass-reinforced plastic rod. Axes of receesses are parallel to rod axis, and length of longitudinal recesses is larger than length of fixing cylindrical zone. Inner surfaces of rod longitudinal recesses together with surfaces of fixing cylindrical zone and working cylindrical zone of inner hollow of collar bushing installation part form longitudinal channels. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 3 cl, 5 dwg