baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent NZ-758244-A (NZ)
Title: Emergency lighting system
Inventor: SABOURDY ALAIN
IPC: F21S9/02
Filed: 2018-04-20
Abstract: An emergency lighting system comprising a control node and plurality of emergency luminaires, wherein each the plurality of emergency luminaires receives control signals directly from the control node across a LoRa wireless communications network, the control node being configured to transmit test initiation signals to each emergency luminaire.
Patent NZ-758438-A (NZ)
Title: Electronic management of sleep related data
Inventor: LIU NATHAN ZERSEE
IPC: G16H15/00
Filed: 2014-10-24
Abstract: A system and method electronically manages sleep related data obtained by a diagnostic device. The system and method may include collecting sleep data from a patient using a diagnostic device. The sleep data may be stored in a sleep data file and delineated as multiple sleep sessions. A user may access the stored sleep data by selecting a particular sleep session. The sleep data for the selected sleep session may then be extracted from the sleep data file and presented to the user as a combination of image tiles, JavaScript elements, and an event indicator.
Patent NZ-769563-A (NZ)
Title: Spa filtration system and method
Inventor: NATHAN TULETT
IPC: E04H4/16
Filed: 2020-10-30
Abstract: Conventional spa filtration systems of the prior art often cannot be readily cleaned after becoming clogged. This problem is overcome by the present invention of a system for filtering water in a spa, which may include a housing that defines a receptacle for receiving a framework. The housing may include a cover and a back element, the cover and the back element connectable to form the receptacle. The back element may comprise an inlet port and an outlet port. The framework includes a rectangular slot for receiving a rectangular filter media, and one or more openings for receiving one or more mineral cartridges.
Patent PT-103325-A (PT)
Title: Processo para separação de líquidos em emulsão em misturas de líquidos e de gases dissolvidos em misturas de líquidos e gases por redução localizada de pressão e dispositivo para a realização do processo
Inventor: VALENTE ANTONIO JOSE SILVA
IPC: B01D1/28
Filed: 2005-07-26
Abstract: O PRESENTE INVENTO REFERE-SE A UM PROCESSO PARA A SEPARAÇÃO DE FLUIDOS EM EMULSÃO E/OU EM SOLUÇÃO, E/OU PARA A DESTILAÇÃO A BAIXA PRESSÃO, EM PARTICULAR, DE ÁGUA E/OU HIDROCARBONETOS GASOSOS EM SOLUÇÃO EM PETRÓLEO BRUTO, E/OU A SEPARAÇÃO DAS GOTICULAS DE PETRÓLEO BRUTO EM EMULSÃO EM ÁGUA, DE MODO A OBTER ÁGUA COM AS CARACTERÍSTICAS NECESSÁRIAS PARA A SUA INJECÇÃO SEM CONTAMINAÇÃO DOS AQUIFEROS NO SUBSOLO, E/OU NO CASO DE A MISTURA SER DOMINANTE EM PETRÓLEO BRUTO A ACELERAÇÃO DA DEPOSIÇÃO DA ÁGUA NA PARTE INFERIOR DA MISTURA E/OU PARA A DESTILAÇÃO DO PETRÓLEO BRUTO A BAIXA PRESSÃO, CARACTERIZADO POR COMPREENDER A CRIAÇÃO DE UMA ZONA LOCALIZADA DE PRESSÃO REDUZIDA (5) SOBRE UMA PARTE DA SUPERFÍCIE LIVRE DE UM LÍQUIDO A SER PROCESSADO (2), DENTRO DE UM RECIPIENTE DE PROCESSAMENTO FECHADO (1), SEM QUE A PRESSÃO GLOBAL NO INTERIOR DO DITO RECIPIENTE DE PROCESSAMENTO FECHADO (1) SEJA AFECTADA. O INVENTO REFERE-SE TAMBÉM AO DISPOSITIVO PARA A REALIZAÇÃO DO PROCESSO.
Patent PT-103753-A (PT)
Title: Processo de análise da qualidade da água através da projecção estocástico-dinâmica de métricas de ecossistemas aquáticos numa perpectiva multi-escala.
Inventor: SAMPAIO EDNA CARLA JANEIRO CABECINHA DA CAMARA
IPC: G01N33/18
Filed: 2007-05-25
Abstract: A PRESENTE INVENÇÃO REFERE-SE A UM PROCESSO DE ANÁLISE DA QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA ATRAVÉS DA PROJECÇÃO ESTOCÁSTICO-DINÂMICA DE VARIÁVEIS FÍSICO¿QUÍMICAS E BIOLÓGICAS EM ECOSSISTEMAS AQUÁTICOS NUMA PERSPECTIVA MULTI-ESCALA. ESTE PROCESSO VISA A PROJECÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA ATRAVÉS DA ANÁLISE DA ESTRUTURA E DA SUA ENVOLVENTE BIOFÍSICA, COMPOSIÇÃO E FUNCIONAMENTO DOS ECOSSISTEMAS AQUÁTICOS, POSSIBILITANDO A OBTENÇÃO DE RESULTADOS DE CARIZ FÍSICO-QUÍMICO E BIOLÓGICO DE MODO EXPEDITO. ESTES RESULTADOS PERMITEM DETERMINAR DE FORMA DINÂMICA E INTERACTIVA O COMPORTAMENTO, NO ESPAÇO E NO TEMPO, DE UM ECOSSISTEMA AQUÁTICO SUJEITO A ALTERAÇÕES NATURAIS OU ANTROPOGÉNICAS E ENSAIAR MEDIDAS CORRECTORAS OU MINIMIZADORAS DOS FENÓMENOS GERADOS PELAS ALTERAÇÕES REFERIDAS, NOMEADAMENTE ALTERAÇÕES DE USO DO SOLO NA ÁREA ENVOLVENTE.
Patent PT-108882-A (PT)
Title: Dispositivo de iluminação com luz branca regulável baseado em nanoestruturas de zircónia
Inventor: FLORINDA MENDES DA COSTA
IPC: H01L33/00
Filed: 2015-10-13
Abstract: A INVENÇÃO APRESENTADA CONSISTE NUM DISPOSITIVO EMISSOR DE LUZ BRANCA. DEPENDENDO DA POTÊNCIA DE EXCITAÇÃO, DO MEIO ENVOLVENTE E DAS MORFOLOGIA/TAMANHO DAS PARTÍCULAS NANOMÉTRICAS DE ZIRCÓNIA, A EMISSÃO DE LUZ DESTAS MESMAS PARTÍCULAS SERÁ DIFERENTE, O QUE PERMITE CONTROLAR A TEMPERATURA DE COR DA EMISSÃO BRANCA. ESTE TIPO DE DISPOSITIVO OFERECE VANTAGENS RELATIVAMENTE AO ESTADO ATUAL DAS DIFERENTES TECNOLOGIAS DE ILUMINAÇÃO, DESTACANDO-SE O ELEVADO ÍNDICE DE QUALIDADE DE COR E A POSSIBILIDADE DE CONTROLO DA TEMPERATURA DE COR, COM MELHORES EFICIÊNCIAS DO QUE AS LÂMPADAS INCANDESCENTES TRADICIONAIS. O INTERESSE DESTA TECNOLOGIA É ESSENCIALMENTE DIRIGIDO AO MERCADO DAS TECNOLOGIAS DE ILUMINAÇÃO, COLMATANDO UM NICHO IMPORTANTE QUE A TECNOLOGIA LED ATUAL NÃO CONSEGUE PREENCHER. A POSSIBILIDADE DE CONTROLAR A TEMPERATURA DE COR DA LUZ EMITIDA POR UM SISTEMA DE ILUMINAÇÃO COM ESTA TECNOLOGIA PERMITE RESPONDER À NECESSIDADE DE ADAPTAÇÃO AO CICLO CIRCADIANO HUMANO DE FORMA A GARANTIR UMA ILUMINAÇÃO AGRADÁVEL E ADEQUADA AO LONGO DO DIA.
Patent PT-110278-A (PT)
Title: Método de detecção, localização e eliminação de espécies invasoras não endémicas.
Inventor: GIL CÉSAR DOS SANTOS
IPC: A01M1/00
Filed: 2017-09-05
Abstract: A PRESENTE INVENÇÃO REFERE-SE A UM MÉTODO DE DETEÇÃO, LOCALIZAÇÃO E ELIMINAÇÃO DE ESPÉCIES INVASORAS NÃO ENDÉMICAS, PARTICULARMENTE DIRIGIDA A ESPÉCIES QUE VIVEM EM NINHOS COMUNITÁRIOS, TAIS COMO, MAS NÃO EXCLUSIVAMENTE, A VESPA ASIÁTICA.
Patent RU-94005014-A (RU)
Inventor: IVANOV V I
IPC: A61N1/30
Filed: 1994-02-10
Abstract: FIELD: medical equipment. SUBSTANCE: apparatus has: ultrasonic emitter, hollow cylindrical body ((of which serves as active electrode, in which piezocell is located, on outer surface of which in respect to surface of patient body to be subjected to electroultrasonic action there is protecting member of ultrasound conducting material; mean of acoustic contact between protecting member and surface of body to be subjected to electroultrasonic action; mean to minimize curing preparation introduced in cavity formed by protecting member and surface of body to be subjected to electroultrasonic action, that serves simultaneously as mean of acoustic contact; and passive electrode placed on body of patient. As a version the mean has semipermeable membrane and spring loaded bellows. EFFECT: improved design.
Patent RU-94008704-A (RU)
Inventor: EHNDRJU ROBERT MAKKLARRON
IPC: C07C53/08
Filed: 1994-03-16
Abstract: FIELD: chemical processes. SUBSTANCE: removal of corrosion metal impurities from liquid compositions including carbonic acid and/or its anhydride, rhodium catalyst for carbonizing and copromoter of carbonizing catalyst with the use of chelating resin which is selective in removal of corrosion metals instead of carbonizing catalyst and copromoter. EFFECT: higher efficiency.
Patent RU-94011014-A (RU)
Inventor: TOLSTENKO S A
IPC: C21D8/00
Filed: 1994-03-31
Abstract: FIELD: metallurgy. SUBSTANCE: method involves melting steel having predetermined chemical composition; providing austenitization, preliminary and final deformation in resersing mode, ultimate cooling, with final terminating deformation temperature Ar(3) being -50 C, ultimate deformation initial temperature Ar(3) being +100 C, time between rolling process passes ranging between 3 and 15 sec. Cooling upon termination of ultimate deformation is conducted at cooling rate of 5-20 C/sec within temperature range of 780-600 C and further cooling to ambient medium temperature is conducted at cooling rate of 0.5-3.0 C/sec. EFFECT: improved quality of rolled product made from low-pearlitic steel with high strength, plasticity and cold resistance and with high values of low-temperature toughness of thermal action zone upon welding.
Patent RU-94038378-A (RU)
Inventor: GERASIMOV V I
IPC: C25C3/20
Filed: 1994-10-11
Abstract: FIELD: electrolytic metal production. SUBSTANCE: before and after each displacement of anode, one determines initial and final values of reduced voltage U(in) and U(fin) and coefficient K as ratio of voltage increment to anode displacement time K = [U(fin) - U(in)]/Δτ. When K is less than its threshold value, one states the fact of "clamping" of electrolyzer and setting is increased by about 50 mV. About 12 h later, one calculates K and, if it does not exceed threshold value, setting is increased once again by about 50 mV. If after 12-24 h two-fold change of setting does not lead to K exceeding its threshold value, electrolyzer is switched to manual mode to restore its operational state. If 2-4 days later, K exceeds its threshold value, abandonment of operating irregularity is stated and initial value of reduced voltage is restored. EFFECT: facilitated electrolyzer operation control.
Patent RU-94039928-A (RU)
Inventor: MIKHAEHL SHINK
IPC: C09D5/25
Filed: 1992-12-01
Abstract: FIELD: lacquers for wires. SUBSTANCE: lacquers contain, mass%: polyester modified by tris-2-hydroxyethylisocyanurat, 20-50; bismaleinimide resin, 2-35; catalyst, titanium one preferably, 0.1-3; organic solvent 35-77, with respect to total mass of lacquer for wire, equal 100 mass%. The invention also refers to method for production of lacquers for wire. EFFECT: increased efficiency.
Patent RU-94041967-A (RU)
Inventor: SHKLJAROV M I
IPC: F01D21/08
Filed: 1994-11-22
Abstract: FIELD: turbine repair engineering. SUBSTANCE: method is based on stress relaxation at high temperature and under effect of straightening load. Used as the latter are centrifugal forces of one or more correcting weights mounted in turbine rotor. High temperature is ensured while turbine runs at rated load; mass of correcting weights is chosen so as to ensure rotor straightening within scheduled maintenance period of turbine. EFFECT: facilitated procedure.
Patent RU-94042675-A (RU)
Inventor: GRITSENKO A G
IPC: A23C9/13
Filed: 1994-11-30
Abstract: FIELD: dairy industry. SUBSTANCE: method involves mixing whole and dried milk. The mixture is pasteurized for 10 min, cooled, fermented for 4-5 h, cooled down to room temperature, and cooled in a refrigerator until the product temperature is 6-8 C. EFFECT: longer shelf life.
Patent RU-94044699-A (RU)
Inventor: KALUGIN A S
IPC: C22C38/28
Filed: 1994-12-19
Abstract: FIELD: metallurgy. SUBSTANCE: ferrite steel comprises chromium, aluminium, manganese, sulfur, phosphorus, yttrium and iron and further comprises zirconium and titanium carbonitrides, the ratio of components is as follows (wt%): 18.5-20.5 chromium; 4.5- 5.5 aluminium; 0.01-0.5 manganese; 0.001-0.005 sulfur; 0.001-0.025 phosphorus; 0.004-0.08 yttrium; 0.002-0.015 titanium and zirconium carbonitrides, and the iron balance. EFFECT: improved properties of the ferrite steel.
Patent RU-95103646-A (RU)
Inventor: BELEN KIJ JU S
IPC: B62D55/08
Filed: 1995-03-14
Abstract: FIELD: transport engineering, agriculture; crawler tractors with elastic suspension using fully articulated bogies coupled with frame. SUBSTANCE: running gear has fully articulated bogies with external and internal equalizers 1 and 2, respectively which carry road wheels. Equalizers are hinge-coupled by rocking axle 3 and interact through compression spring. External equalizer is arranged on hollow trunnion 4 secured in frame. Opposite end of trunnion is provided with inner thread and radial slots. Slots accommodate projections of thrust washer 13 held on trunnion 4 by bead of bushing 14 turned into trunnion. Torsion bar 8 with splined ends is placed inside trunnion. One of torsion bar ends is coupled with trunnion 4, and other end, with splines of cover 9. The latter is held by bolts on external end face of equalizer 1. Equalizer 1 has inner bore whose end encloses, with preset clearance, a pack of washer 13 and bead of bushing 14 which are put in contact. Relative angular arrangement of splines on torsion bar 8 and coupling of splines with trunnion 4, cover 9 and equalizer 1 provide zero angle of preliminary twisting of torsion bar under action of static load of tractor weight onto trunnion. EFFECT: reduced longitudinal vibrations of tractor under any road conditions. 4 dwg
Patent RU-95108613-A (RU)
Inventor: GUMEROV A G
IPC: F17D1/16
Filed: 1995-05-26
Abstract: FIELD: transportation of high-paraffin oils. SUBSTANCE: after preliminary extraction of gas, high-paraffin oil is directed to special device where it is subjected to electric spark treatment, thus disturbing the crystal lattice of paraffins with no limitation of restoration time. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of prevention of paraffin deposition on inner walls of pipe lines. 2 cl
Patent RU-95113497-A (RU)
Inventor: DZHON MAKMILLAN MKIVER
IPC: A61K38/08
Filed: 1993-12-16
Abstract: FIELD: organic chemistry. SUBSTANCE: product: compounds of the formula (I)where: a) X means cyclic alkyl containing 4-15 carbon atoms; branched alkyl containing 6-15 carbon atoms, or aryl containing 6-15 carbon atoms; b) n = 0-2; c) V means -OC(O)-, -N(Q)C(O)-, -N(Q)C(S)-, -C(O)-, -S-O- or P(O)(OH)-; d) Q means hydrogen or alkyl with linear or branched chain, saturated or unsaturated with 1 or 2 double bonds and containing 1-6 carbon atoms; or Q and X were linked covalently and form cyclic group that involves nitrogen atom to which -Q is bound and that has 5-20 carbon atoms; e) Z means -O- or NH; when V means -OC(O) then Z means -NH-; f) Rmeans hydrophobic group; g) Rmeans hydrophobic group; h) -Rmeans -(CH)-A-NHor -(CH)-A-B-C(NH)=NH where m = 1-6; A means covalent bond or p-phenyl or p-cyclohexyl, and B means covalent bond or -NH-; i) Rmeans hydrophobic group; j) -Rmeans -(CH)-A-NHor -(CH)-A-B-C(NH)=NH where m = 1-6; A means covalent bond or p-phenyl or p-cyclohexyl, and B means covalent bond or -NH-; and k) Y means methyl. Invention involves also pharmaceutical compositions containing above indicated compounds that can be used as antiinflammatory and analgetic agents. EFFECT: improved method of synthesis.
Patent SA-98190417-A (SA)
Inventor: CHAMPANELLA S JOSEPH
IPC: H04B7/185
Filed: 1998-08-19
Abstract: يتعلق الاختراع الحالي بنظام بث رقمي والذي يقوم على استخدام نظام بث راديو مباشر بالقمر الصناعي ذات اختيارات وصلة سفليه مختلفه بالاتحاد مع شبكة معيد ارضي وذلك باستخدام اختيارات اعادة بث مختلفه لتحقيق امكانية استقبال عاليه بواسطة راديو متحرك وراديو ستاتي وراديو محمول في المناطق الحضريه والمدنيه والمناطق الريفيه الجغرافيه التي تتميز بتضاريس ذات ارتفاعات عاليه . ويتم توفير مستقبلات ذات ذراعين او ثلاثة اذرعه حيث يشتمل كل واحد على هندسة معماريه مدمجة لاستقبال كلا من الاشارات الارضيه والفضائيه لأقصى احتمالية ، فيتم دمج الاشارات المستقبله لاغراض متنوعه .ويتم توفير معيد ارضي لاعادة تجزئة اشارة القمر الصناعي TDM كإشارة ارضيه مضمنه لمتعدد الحامل . ويتم ايضا توفير اشكال لمعيدات ارضيه داخليه وخارجيه . شكل (٢)
Patent TW-200409634-A (TW)
Title: Novel compounds
Inventor: PAPE ANDREW
IPC: A61K31/506
Filed: 2002-12-02
Abstract: The invention provides compounds of formula, in which R1, R2 R3 and R4 have the meanings defined in the specification; processes for their preparation; pharmaceutical compositions containing them; a process for preparing the pharmaceutical compositions; and their use in therapy.
Patent TW-200410078-A (TW)
Title: A method accelerating color processing and device thereof
Inventor: Zhang hui-huang
IPC: G06F17/00
Filed: 2002-12-10
Abstract: A method accelerating color processing utilizes a cache memory and similar characteristics of surrounding image to reduce circuit area and increase color processing speed. The device comprises a color processor processing conversion among colors and computation, a color conversion table storing all color information and a cache memory in connection with the color processor and color conversion table for temporarily storing partial color information, providing color information to the color processor and updating the stored color information at the right time.
Patent TW-200412520-A (TW)
Title: Three-way participation monetary control scheme on internet
Inventor: LIN CHIH-MING
Filed: 2003-01-03
Abstract: A three-way participation monetary control scheme on Internet is disclosed. The system controls the monetary transactions from at least a payer to at least a payee caused by at least one purchase of product and/or service by a purchaser. The system comprises an identification, authentication and payment allowance inspector, a payment granter, and a payment releaser. The identification, authentication and payment allowance inspector accepts remote log-in of a purchaser via network after successful identification and authentication. The inspector further grants the authenticated purchaser's purchase request to at least a payer for the purchase of product and/or service. The payment granter inspects the purchase request submitted by the authenticated purchaser and grants the permission upon affirmative inspection result according to pre-set conditions. The payment releaser releases the payment to be paid by the at least one payer for the granted purchase to the payee entitled to this purchase. The payment releaser computes and summarizes all purchases recorded after a pre-set period of time for the control of all monetary transactions from payers to payees and substantiates the actual payment after all payers have cleared all their outstanding payment conditions.
Patent TW-200301719-A (TW)
Title: Method and apparatus for preparing slurry for CMP apparatus
Inventor: KOBAYASHI SHIGEKI
IPC: H01L21/304
Filed: 2003-01-10
Abstract: The method and apparatus are provided for preparing a slurry for a CMP apparatus with which mixing accuracy for a slurry is improved and accurate measurement is automatically accomplished for H2O2 as a small amount of additive. A slurry preparation apparatus for a CMP apparatus comprises a tank for preparing the slurry, a stock solution feeder for the slurry which feeds a stock solution for the slurry into the tank, and a concentration measurement instrument located outside the tank, which is capable of measuring an additive concentration in the slurry in the tank. The concentration measurement instrument measures the additive concentration in the slurry in the tank, and the amount of the stock solution for the slurry to be supplied is controlled according to the measurements.
Patent TW-200414094-A (TW)
Title: Label
Inventor: ZHU ZHAO-DIAN
IPC: G09F19/14
Filed: 2003-01-22
Abstract: The present invention relates to a label, wherein one surface of the transparent plate has a convex lens arranged in a row, and the other surface of the plate has a compressed pattern (or character) which is arranged continuously with some spacing. The compressed pattern (or character) and the said convex lens formed in a row are arranged asymmetrically. That is, there is a phase difference between the both. The compressed pattern (or character) is magnified after being refracted by the convex lens, and several compressed patterns (or characters) are overlapped to form a pattern (or character). By varying the viewing angle (e.g. moving the eyesight or flip the plate for an angle), the fantastic effect of continuous movement generated by the pattern (or character) formed on the plate can be seen.
Patent TW-200417822-A (TW)
Title: Reduced striae extreme ultraviolet elements
Inventor: HRDINA KENNETH EDWARD
IPC: C03B20/00
Filed: 2003-03-04
Abstract: Titania-containing silica glass bodies and extreme ultraviolet elements having low levels of striae are disclosed. Methods and apparatus for manufacturing and measuring striae in glass elements and extreme ultraviolet elements are also disclosed.
Patent TW-200401453-A (TW)
Title: Manufacturing method of semiconductor device, semiconductor device, optoelectronic device, electronic machine
Inventor: HARA HIROYUKI
IPC: H01L21/20
Filed: 2003-03-14
Abstract: The subject of the present invention is to provide a kind of manufacturing method of semiconductor apparatus capable of increasing the characteristic of each semiconductor device, which forms the semiconductor apparatus, and suppressing the characteristic deviation. When forming a thin film circuit arranged with plural pixel circuits on a glass substrate 10, plural recess portions 112 are at first formed on the glass substrate 10 through a separation manner capable of forming positive integer number times (one time as shown in figure 2) of the arrangement separation P1 for plural pixel circuits. After that, amorphous silicon film is formed on the glass substrate 10 that is formed with the recess portion 112, and is then crystallized through a thermal processing so as to form approximately single crystallized silicon film within the range that uses the recess portion 112 as the center. In addition, by respectively using the silicon film, which is formed to show approximately single crystal characteristic by using each recess portion 112 as the center, pixel circuit is formed.
Patent TW-200418608-A (TW)
Title: Base seat of pneumatic grinder
Inventor: LIN FREDDY
IPC: B24B23/02
Filed: 2003-03-19
Abstract: Base seat of pneumatic grinder, including an air way and a water way disposed in the base seat to respectively communicate with an air chamber and a water chamber formed in the base seat. Several water outlets and a predetermined number of air rooms are disposed on bottom face of the base seat. The water outlets communicate with the water chamber, while the air rooms communicate with the air chamber. Multiple ball bodies are respectively rollably disposed in the air rooms, the bottom edge of the ball bodies protrude from the bottom face of the base seat. When high pressure air and water are conducted into the air way and water way, the air is conducted by the air way to flow into the air chamber and to blow to the ball bodies in the air rooms making the ball bodies rolling easily. The water flows through the water way into the water chamber and then flows through the water outlets out of the bottom face of the base seat to reduce frictional force against the bottom face of the base seat.
Patent TW-200306326-A (TW)
Title: Silane-modified oxidic or siliceous filler, process for its production and its use
Inventor: KORTH KARSTEN
IPC: C09D7/62
Filed: 2003-04-21
Abstract: Silane-modified oxidic or siliceous filler with a bead fraction below 75 μ m of less than 15 wt.% and a median particle size distribution between 150 and 500 μ m, which is produced by the reaction of at least one microbeaded or microgranular, oxidic or siliceous filler in a compressed gas with at least one silane. The silane-modified oxidic or siliceous fillers are used in rubber compounds.