baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent JP-2002179521-A (JP)
Title: Cosmetic composition containing extract of plant or animal
Inventor: KAWAI NORIHISA
IPC: A61K8/00
Filed: 2000-12-13
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cosmetic composition by obtaining a stable extract of a plant or an animal, hardly causing the change of color, or the generation of sediments and bad smell, and forming the resultant stable extract or the plant or the animal into the cosmetic composition. SOLUTION: This cosmetic composition is obtained by obtaining the stable extract of the plant or the animal, containing one or more kinds of organic acids (especially citric acid or succinic acid) and monoaminocarboxylic acids (especially glycine or cysteine), and further forming the resultant stable extract of the plant or the animal into the cosmetic composition containing one or more kinds of the extracts. The extract of the plant or the animal, having excellent color stability against heat, and stability with time (resistance to the generation of the sediments and the bad smell) is not only applied to the cosmetic composition, but also utilized for the preparations in every shapes (medicines, unregulated drugs, cosmetics) having high concentrations of the stable extract of the plant or the animal.
Patent JP-2002180193-A (JP)
Title: Hot rolled steel sheet having excellent stretch-flanging property and its production method
Inventor: KOBAYASHI TAKASHI
IPC: C21D9/46
Filed: 2000-12-14
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a hot rolled steel sheet which has extremely excellent stretch-flanging properties, has tensile strength in a class of 400 to 490 MPa, and is suitable as the stock for automobile parts or the like. SOLUTION: The hot rolled steel sheet has a composition containing, by mass, 0.01 to 0.05% C, 0.2 to 1.0% Si, 0.8 to 2.0% Mn, <=0.05% P, <=0.005% S and 0.01 to 0.10% Al. The steel sheet has a structure consisting of polygonal ferrite having the average crystal grain size of 5 to 20 μm and Vickers hardness of 100 to 150 in >=85% by volume ratio, and the balance either or both of bainite and filmlike cementite present on the crystal grain boundaries. The average size of the bainite and the average cross-sectional length of the filmlike cementite are controlled to less than the average crystal grain size of polygonal ferrite.
Patent JP-2002180633-A (JP)
Title: Resin coated-handrail material and its extrusion molding method
Inventor: YOSHINO SHUJI
IPC: B29C47/02
Filed: 2000-12-14
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a resin coated-handrail material adhered to an outer peripheral face of an annular thin steel pipe, and coated with a resin of two-layer structure, and to provide an extrusion molding method of the handrail material. SOLUTION: The outer peripheral face of the annular thin steel pipe is coated with polyurethane elastomer of hardness of JIS-A80-95 as a first resin, adhered to the steel pipe in a state of a comparatively thick and uniform layer, and an outer peripheral face of the first resin is coated with a non-adhesive polyurethane elastomer as a second resin in a state of comparatively thin and striped in the extruding direction.
Patent JP-2002180128-A (JP)
Title: Induction heating coil
Inventor: KATANUMA HIDEAKI
IPC: H05B6/38
Filed: 2000-12-15
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an induction heating coil capable of increasing the depth of a hardened layer at a corner part in first and second stepped parts of a stepped shaft-like member, and uniforming the depth of the hardened layer formed continuously along a small diameter shaft part, a corner part and a bearing surface part. SOLUTION: A third small diameter shaft part heating conductor 36 which is inclined in a separating direction from a riser part of the small diameter shaft part 3 is disposed on a first small diameter shaft part heating conductor 34 for performing induction heating of the small diameter shaft part 3 of the stepped shaft-like member 2, and the relationship α<=β is satisfied, where αis the arc length (circumferential length) of the first stepped heating conductor 39 arranged corresponding to a first stepped part 1a formed on a shaft part of relatively small diameter, and β is the arc length (circumferential length) of a second stepped heating conductor 41 arranged corresponding to a second stepped part 1b formed on a shaft part of relatively large diameter.
Patent JP-2002177852-A (JP)
Title: Lens coating apparatus for lens of spectacles
Inventor: OZAWA TAKESHI
IPC: B05C9/12
Filed: 2000-12-15
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a lens coating apparatus for a lens of spectacles capable of continuously performing the work from the coating of a coating solution to the drying thereof by compact constitution. SOLUTION: The lens coating apparatus consists of a pair of lens holders 14 reciprocating between a coating position and a curing position to hold a pair of lenses of spectacles while rotating them, a holding body 7 for holding a pair of the lens holders 14 in a rotatable manner and locating one of a pair of the lens holders at the coating position while locating other one of them at the curing position, a plurality of dispensers 21A-21D arranged at the coating position above the holding body 7 to coat the surfaces of the lenses 15 of the spectacles with the coating solution and a light irradiating means 34 arranged at the curing position above the holding body 7 to irradiate the coating solution applied to the surfaces of the lenses 15 of the spectacles with light to cure the same. This coating apparatus is provided in a clean room 1.
Patent JP-2002180392-A (JP)
Title: Apparatus for washing wire
Inventor: SHIINA TORU
IPC: D21F1/32
Filed: 2000-12-15
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus for washing a wire capable of efficiently carrying out washing of a transported wire used for forming a fibrous beltlike material in a papermaking unit of papermaking machinery and readily maintaining washing functions. SOLUTION: This apparatus for washing the wire comprises a wire guide part composed of a board on the upstream side and a board on the downstream side arranged parallel and respectively provided with a slit and a jetting box having a mixing means provided with a spatial part connecting to the slits and mixing compressed air with water and installed in the spatial part. Since the water accompanied with the compressed air is forcibly jetted from the slits, foreign materials sticking to the wire part are removed. Even dropped foreign materials in the slits can be removed.
Patent JP-2001252054-A (JP)
Title: Food composition
Inventor: IKEMOTO TAKESHI
IPC: A23L19/00
Filed: 2000-12-15
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a food composition good for human health containing polyphenols by making use of vegetation water considered as a waste through preventing liking decline due to the flavor peculiar to such vegetation water. SOLUTION: This food composition is characterized by containing either a concentrate or a dried and solidified product of an aqueous solution obtained by squeezing olive fruits.
Patent JP-2002176815-A (JP)
Title: Riding paddy field implement
Inventor: MIKI HIROYUKI
IPC: A01C11/02
Filed: 2000-12-15
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To attach and remove a front step with a simple operation. SOLUTION: This paddy field implement is configured by installing a connecting part 14 for a body frame at both sides of the front end of the front step 13 and a connecting part 15 for an operating step at both sides of the rear end thereof. The connecting part 14 for the body frame and the connecting part 15 for the operating step are connected with a step supporting arm of the body frame or a step supporting part 17 of the operating step 12 and separated therefrom by operating to move the front step 13 in the back and forth direction of the body. A lock mechanism equipped with a lock pin 21 and a hook is installed between one place in the intermediate part of the front end of the front step 13 in the right and left direction and the body frame.  The lock mechanism locks the connecting part 14 for the body frame and the connecting part 15 for the operating step so as to be a connected condition and releases the lock by hooking and detachment of the hook to the lock pin 21.
Patent JP-2002161197-A (JP)
Title: Flame resisting resin composition, prepreg and laminated sheet using the same
Inventor: TOBISAWA AKIHIKO
IPC: H05K1/03
Filed: 2000-12-18
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a resin composition, a prepreg and a laminated sheet having an excellent flame resistance without using a halogenated flame retardant. SOLUTION: The flame resisting resin composition comprises (A) a non- halogenated epoxy resin having two or more epoxy groups in a molecule, (B) a curing agent consisting of a triazine modified novolac resin, (C) a carboxylic acid having two or more carbonyl groups in a molecule, and (D) 9, 10-dihydro-9- oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide, as essential ingredients. The prepreg and the laminated sheet are prepared using the flame resisting resin composition.
Patent JP-2002185412-A (JP)
Title: Radio equipment having testing function
Inventor: WATABE MASAYUKI
IPC: H04B17/29
Filed: 2000-12-19
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable testing of distortion characteristics without using a measuring instrument in a radio equipment having a testing function by applying a space diversity system. SOLUTION: The radio equipment having the testing function comprises first and second receivers having a delay circuit 24 connected to one or both of first and second antennas and variable gain amplifiers 11 and 21 for amplifying received signals from the first and second antennas, a phase detector 2 for detecting the phase difference of the output signals of the first and second receivers, a phase shifter 25 for controlling the phases of the output signals of the first and second receivers according to the detection signal of the detector 2, and a synthesizer 1 for synthesizing the output signals of the first and second receivers controlled in phases by the shifter 25. The delay circuit 24 can set and change to a delay time according to the width of a distortion at the testing time by a set value (d).  The amplifiers 11 and 21 have gain controllers 13 and 23 for controlling the gain according to the depth of the distortion at the testing time, and a phase controller 26 for controlling the phase of the shifter 25 according to the frequency of the distortion at the testing time.
Patent JP-2002188526-A (JP)
Title: Egr device
Inventor: UEMATSU SHINICHIRO
IPC: F02M25/07
Filed: 2000-12-20
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To lower a temperature of an exhaust gas recirculated to the intake side below the one in the past. SOLUTION: A water-cooled EGR cooler 17 is provided in the halfway of an EGR pipe 11 drawing out partly exhaust gas 8 from the exhaust side recirculated to the intake side, additionally an air-cooled EGR cooler 18 is provided in the downstream of this water-cooled EGR cooler 17. In this way thus constituted, the exhaust gas 8 recirculated to the intake side, after it is cooled in the water-cooled EGR cooler 17 by a heat exchange with cooling water 14 to about hundred and several tens deg.C, can be cooled in the air-cooled EGR cooler 18 by a heat exchange with the outside air to several tens deg.C, a temperature of the exhaust gas 8 can be reduced to the temperature lower than a temperature (about 80 deg.C) of the cooling water 14 for cooling an engine.
Patent JP-2002195762-A (JP)
Title: Heat treatment apparatus
Inventor: KUMAGAI YOSUKE
IPC: F27D3/12
Filed: 2000-12-20
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a heat treatment apparatus wherein an opening adjustment with adjusting means is facilitated. SOLUTION: A mounting plate (mounting means) 7, insertable into a heating chamber 5, is provided, on which there are mounted a plurality of adjusting plates (adjusting means) 9 which adjust the volume of hot air flowing in the heating chamber 5, by performing at least one opening adjustment of an inlet hole 5a1 and an exhaust hole 5b1 for uniformizing the temperature distribution in the heating chamber 5.
Patent JP-2002188386-A (JP)
Title: Underwater drilling machine
Inventor: YOSHIDA TOSHIHIRO
IPC: E21B7/28
Filed: 2000-12-22
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve workability and safety in drilling work for forming a developed space at a bottom part of a vertical hole drilled in the ground. SOLUTION: In this invention, a worm type elevation device is employed for eliminating problems due to elongation of a flexible suspension member or need for much time and labor in attachment and detachment of a link chain in conventional underwater drilling machine in accordance with progress of drilling work using the flexible suspension member such as a wire rope, the link chain, or the like from a truck crane or the like on the ground.
Patent JP-2001324960-A (JP)
Title: Display system and display management method
Inventor: TAKEUCHI YUKIHISA
IPC: G09G3/20
Filed: 2000-12-25
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a display system capable of displaying a still picture and a moving picture at the same time. SOLUTION: This display system is provided with an interface circuit 706 for receiving each kind of data from a network 704 and outputting it to subsequent circuit systems, a data separation circuit 708 for separating the data outputted from the interface circuit 706 into the files (a still picture file and a moving picture file) concerning pictures and control data, an output control circuit 710 for controlling a display controller 228 for example in units of display elements 14 (the control corresponding to still picture and the control corresponding to moving picture) based on the control data from the data separation circuit 708, and a compressed file decoder circuit 712 which is arranged at the preceding stage of a picture data processing circuit 224 and extracts the file concerning the compressed picture to restore it to still picture data and moving picture data.
Patent JP-2002192918-A (JP)
Title: Anti-slip device
Inventor: ISHIBASHI YOSHINOBU
IPC: A43B13/26
Filed: 2000-12-26
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an anti-slip device capable of being mounted on tires of a vehicle and soles only when necessary, and being demounted when unnecessary. SOLUTION: This anti-slip device has a case 12 buried in the tire or the sole, the case has a recessed part 14 formed by two first side walls opposite to each other, second side walls orthogonal to the first side walls, and a bottom wall formed by a slant face, the first side walls are provided with grooves 12d in parallel with the bottom wall, and have the shape to be mutually compensated with the first recessed parts of the case, a spike pin structure 20 is fitted in the first recessed part of the case, a spike pin 20a is mounted on a top face of the structure, and projecting parts 20b corresponding to the grooves of the case are formed on a side wall of the structure, whereby the structure is slid and accommodated in the first recessed part of the case in a state that the projecting parts are fitted into the grooves,  and a stopper means 22 is mounted for preventing the demounting of the structure from the recessed part of the case.
Patent JP-2002195212-A (JP)
Title: Removing equipment for foreign matter of magnetic fe- alloy
Inventor: KONDO SHINICHI
IPC: B03C1/28
Filed: 2000-12-26
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To remove and clean metal foreign matters, added and attracted by a bar magnet tube, with an easy structure. SOLUTION: When Fe-alloy foreign matters C are attracted on the periphery of the bar magnet tube 1, the bar magnet tube 1 is drawn inside a cylinder 4 by injecting pressurized air from an inlet and outlet port 9. Then, since the magnetic flux of the bar magnetic tube 1 is short-circuited by an eliminating ring 20, the magnetic flux flows to the eliminating ring 20 that is a magnetic material. Therefore, the short-circuited spacer 16 loses the magnetic flux. Fe- alloy foreign matters such as an iron powder, attracted on the periphery of the bar magnetic tube 1, moves to the front end face of the eliminating ring 20 by the magnetization of a magnetic material, and thereby, the foreign matters are removed.
Patent JP-2002195899-A (JP)
Title: Trouble preventing device
Inventor: KIKUCHI SHIRO
IPC: H02G11/00
Filed: 2000-12-27
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent occurrence of trouble such as the disconnection of a connecting wire or the damage of peripheral parts by detecting the degree of load applied to the connecting wire, and generating an abnormality detection signal in the case of determining abnormality, and to stop the operation of a mobile part. SOLUTION: This trouble preventing device 10 is provided with a detecting part 15 and an abnormality detection signal output part 22 (24). A piezoelectric element 18 is used as the detecting part. The piezoelectric element with one face 18a bonded to a substrate 32, a connector 36 bonded to the other face 18b of the piezoelectric element, the abnormality detection signal output part and a control main part 34 are provided on the substrate 32. A cable 16 is connected to the face 36b of the connector. The abnormality detection signal output part has an amplifier for amplifying voltage generated according to load applied to the piezoelectric element, and a comparator for comparing the amplified voltage with a specified voltage value and outputting the abnormality detection signal when the value of the amplified voltage is large.  The outputted abnormality detection signal is transmitted to the mobile part 14 through the cable, and the operation of the mobile part is stopped.
Patent JP-2002193750-A (JP)
Title: Overcoat for lipstick
Inventor: SEI EMI
IPC: C08L83/08
Filed: 2000-12-28
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an overcoat for lipstick capable of improving persistency of makeup effect of lipstick and imparting excellent bleeding-preventing effect, water-repellent and oil-repellent effects and secondary adhesion-preventing effect to lipstick, free from powder floating and dry feeling and capable of obtaining light spread and young and fresh gloss in use by applying lipstick to the lip and then applying the over coat thereon. SOLUTION: This overcoat for lipstick is characterized by including (a) a liquid-like fluorine-based oil solution and (b) silica powder used as a gelling agent and surface-treated with a reactive alkylpolysiloxane having 1-200 polymerization degree and having a halogen atom at either one molecular chain end.
Patent JP-2002202499-A (JP)
Title: Lcd display device and cooking utensil provided with lcd display device
Inventor: MIYAKE KAZUYA
IPC: G02F1/1335
Filed: 2000-12-28
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make a complicated display part easy-to-see though being the same display apparatus. SOLUTION: When one liquid crystal display apparatus 35 is viewed from a surface side, only a place where a colored sheet 39A is arranged can be partially made to have an optional color of a background. Accordingly in the liquid crystal display apparatus 35, a part where the display is wanted to be especially prominent and a part where the display is wanted to be distinguished from other display are made to have the optional color of the background by arranging the colored sheet 39A. Thereby the part can be distinguished from other parts and easiness to see of the complicated display part can be improved.
Patent JP-2002200159-A (JP)
Title: Sterilization processing device for medical wastes
Inventor: OSHIMA HIDEYO
IPC: A61L11/00
Filed: 2000-12-28
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a device which can sterilization-process medical wastes discharged from hospitals and nursing facilities on the spot, and also, can continuously and simply perform the process. SOLUTION: This sterilization-processing device for medical wastes is a processing machine equipped with a body section 13 wherein a charging port 11 and a discharging port 12 are formed on the front and the rear, and the medical wastes are extrusion-processed in order by providing a screw shaft 15. In such a processing machine, the screw shaft 15 is formed of a hard plastic or ceramic through which a high frequency can transmit. At the same time, the internal wall of the body section is coated with a reflective material for the high frequency. Then, the irradiation antenna 21 of a magnetron device which irradiates the medical wastes under the extruding process with the high frequency is made to attend at a part of the body section.
Patent JP-2001509458-A (JP)
Title: コンテナ
IPC: B65D5/74
Filed: 1998-07-07
Abstract: (57)【要約】
底板上面を横切る方向にある程度延在する窪み（８）を有する四辺形底板（２）と、ライナーバッグノズル（１８）の液体排出孔部分が前記底板の前記上面の高さより低くなるように窪み（８）の窪み口内に該ライナーバッグノズル（１８）を支持するための窪み口におけるノズル支持体（１６）と、底板の４辺に直立する４つのコンテナ側面パネル（９、１０、１１）と有するコンテナであって、該側面パネルの１つ（１１）がノズルパネルとなるコンテナ。ノズルパネル（１１）が底板上に直立するとき、窪み口と一直線となるように位置決めされた前記ノズルパネル（１１）内のノズル開口（２４）、および、ノズルパネル上の解放可能なノズル保持器手段（２５、２６）。
Patent JP-2001512783-A (JP)
Title: 洗濯した布地の外観および状態を改良する、アミノ酸系重合体を含む洗濯用洗剤
IPC: C11D1/72
Filed: 1998-08-07
Abstract: (57)【要約】
布地処理剤として特定のアミノ酸系重合体、オリゴマーまたは共重合体材料を使用し、その様な材料を含む洗浄溶液で洗濯した布地や織物の外観および状態を改良する組成物。
Patent JP-2001517750-A (JP)
Title: 可撓性ドアパネルを備えたローリングドア
IPC: E06B9/80
Filed: 1998-09-02
Abstract: (57)【要約】
本発明は、巻き上げ可能であって、ドア開口の上方に回転可能に取り付けられ、かつ、巻上げ軸（１５）によって、駆動される可撓性ドアリーフを備えたローリングドアに関するものである。ドアリーフの下端部には、ドア開口に隣接する側方異形部品（ｌａｔｅｒａｌ  ｐｒｏｆｉｌｅｓ）の間の間隙幅よりも小さな長さを有する閉鎖ストリップ（１６）が固定されている。ケーブル（１８）の両端部には、固定具（１７）が設けられており、ケーブルは床領域に取り付けられた反転ローラ（２１）の上方に延びており、かつ、ドアリーフを緊締している。側方異形部品内では、キャリジ状ブロック（５）が垂直方向に変位可能な態様で案内される。ブロック（５）は、保持手段により、閉鎖ストリップ（１６）の端部に対して着脱可能に連結され、かつ、ブロック（５）には、床上に配置された反転ローラ（２１）から閉鎖ストリップ（１６）まで延びているケーブルのための開口（２０）が設けられている。クラッシュの後に、ローリングドアを、できる限り容易に、かつ、自動的に、作動状態にするため、保持手段はキャッチング装置を有し、キャッチング装置は、横方向の力がキャッチング装置に加えられたとき、および、ブロック（５）が押し下げられてキャッチング装置と再係合するときに、閉鎖ストリップ（１６）を解放する。
Patent JP-2001519271-A (JP)
Title: 電子制御可能なブレーキブースタ
IPC: B60T13/72
Filed: 1998-09-30
Abstract: (57)【要約】
この発明は、可動壁により互いに区画された負圧室及び圧力室と、電磁制御装置を利用して制御可能であり、かつ圧力室と負圧室との間の、ある圧力差により調整可能である制御弁配列とを備えた電子制御可能なブレーキブースタであって、前記制御弁配列が保持位置を離れることなく、前記制御弁配列が電磁制御装置を通って流れる電流に依存して、前記電流がより高い値とより低い値との間の領域にある保持位置と、前記電流が前記のより高い値よりも大きい上昇位置と、前記電流が前記のより低い値よりも低い減少位置とを有し、２つの異なる圧力レベルで負圧室と圧力室との間の圧力差を特徴づける量が圧力室内で検出され、制御弁配列が、それぞれ保持位置にあり、かつこの保持位置から出発してそれぞれ電磁制御装置を通る電流が、前記制御弁配列が圧力上昇位置へ、また圧力減少位置へ達するように変化され、かつ高い圧力レベルで保持位置から圧力上昇位置へ移行し、低い圧力レベルで保持位置から圧力上昇位置へ移行し、及び／又は高い圧力レベルで保持位置から圧力減少位置へ移行し、かつ低い圧力レベルで保持位置から圧力減少位置へ移行する電流値が、ブレーキブースタを操作するための特性曲線を算出するために評価され、前記特性曲線により種々の圧力レベルで制御弁配列の保持位置の上限及び下限の電流値が変化されることを特徴とする。
Patent JP-2002502136-A (JP)
IPC: H05K13/04
Filed: 1999-01-28
Abstract: A component placement apparatus including a head mount having at least one pick and place head; component carrier; and component receiver, the at least one pick and place head being arranged to pick up a component from the component carrier and place it on the component receiver, wherein the head mount is movable to move the at least one pick and place head in a single plane; the component carrier is movable in a plane transverse to the at least one pick and place head at a pick up position; and the component receiver is movable in a plane transverse to the at least one pick and place head at a placement position.
Patent JP-2002503809-A (JP)
Title: 平面クロマトグラフィー用多孔質薄膜
IPC: G01N30/93
Filed: 1999-01-19
Abstract: (57)【要約】
本発明は、薄層クロマトグラフィー用の新規分離材料に関する。これらの分離材料は、支持体基体および分離媒体の膜からなり、下記工程によって得ることができる：ａ）支持体基体を洗浄し；ｂ）この支持体基体上に、ポリケイ酸エステルを含有する液状薄膜を施用し、ｃ）この液状薄膜を有する支持体を、ポリケイ酸エステルの加水分解および引続く重合が行なわれる雰囲気中に導入し、ｄ）このポリケイ酸エステルを、一定温度において加水分解させ、次いで重合させ、ｅ）このケイ酸膜を洗浄し、次いでｆ）このケイ酸膜を乾燥させる。本発明によって提供される分離材料のシリカゲル表面は、分離エフェクターを用いる誘導体化に付すことができる。
Patent JP-2002506054-A (JP)
Title: メタノールからホルムアルデヒドを非酸化的に製造する方法
IPC: C07C45/00
Filed: 1999-03-08
Abstract: (57)【要約】
本発明は、３００〜１０００℃の範囲の亘る温度で、キャリヤーガスにより反応器に入れられる触媒の存在下、反応器中で脱水素反応によりメタノールからホルムアルデヒドを製造する方法に関し、そして脱水素反応によりガス混合物が生成する。前記方法は、それが前記ガス混合物からホルムアルデヒドを分離し、残留ガス混合物を少なくとも部分的に反応器に戻しそしてカーボンフリーガスもしくはガス混合物をキャリヤーガスとして用いることを特徴とする。