baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20050001492-A (KR)
Inventor: CHOE JEONG DONG
IPC: H01L21/336
Filed: 2003-06-25
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method of manufacturing an MOS(Metal Oxide Semiconductor) FET(Field Effect Transistor) is provided to restrain a channel region from being shortened due to over-diffusion of impurities by obtaining a raised source/drain structure using a groove. CONSTITUTION: An impurity layer is formed in a semiconductor substrate(100). A mask pattern(130) for exposing a predetermined portion of the impurity layer is formed thereon. A groove(155) is formed by etching the exposed impurity layer. A channel region(150) is formed in the substrate under the groove, so that the impurity layer seems to be relatively raised compared to the channel region. A gate electrode structure is filled in the groove.
Patent KR-20050001992-A (KR)
Inventor: SONG IN YONG
IPC: B27D1/00
Filed: 2003-06-28
Abstract: PURPOSE: An art board having a patterned wood panel is provided which is manufactured as prefabricated products by adhering the art board to a surface and four edges of a medium-density fiber(MDF) panel to be advantageously used for interior decoration with a shortened construction period, ultimately leading to a considerable reduction in the construction cost, and which is capable of minimizing fire damage by applying a flame retardant treatment to the wood panel. CONSTITUTION: The art board comprises: a medium-density fiber(MDF) panel(14) cut in a predetermined size; and a thin patterned wood panel(12) adhered to the MDF panel(14) by applying an adhesive agent(13) to a surface and four edges of the MDF panel(14) and heating and compressing the adhered panels(12,14), the patterned wood panel(12) having a flame retardant(11) applied thereon.
Patent KR-20050005085-A (KR)
Inventor: JUNG SUNG JAE
IPC: H05B33/06
Filed: 2003-07-01
Abstract: PURPOSE: An organic electroluminescence device and a method are provided to achieve improved adhesive force between a sealant and a substrate by forming an inorganic insulation film on a pad electrode. CONSTITUTION: An organic electroluminescence device comprises a pad electrode(118) for applying voltages to an anode and a cathode; a sealing cap having a sealing surface adhered to a sealing portion(120) formed on a certain part of the pad electrode; and an inorganic insulation film(130) formed on the pad electrode. The inorganic insulation film is made of SiO2.
Patent KR-20050007053-A (KR)
Inventor: AN BYUNG OK
IPC: A61L9/012
Filed: 2003-07-11
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided is a spray-type aromatic composition which is sprayed onto wall paper, and emits aroma at any time for extended period of time by touching the wall paper with hand, and prevent occurrence of insects. CONSTITUTION: The spray-type aromatic composition for wall paper is obtained by adding 2% of fixing binder, 83% of water and 5% of insect repellent into 10% of microcapsule perfume and mixing them at room temperature. The microcapsule perfume consists of different aroma for diet, insect repellent and the like according to the desired application. As the binder for fixing the microcapsule perfume, animal or vegetable natural material based adhesives and synthetic polymer based adhesives are used. As synthetic polymer based adhesives, phenol resin, urea resin, melamine resin, xylene resin, epoxy resin, isocyanate-based resin, vinyl acetate, polyester, polyvinylalcohol, acrylate, synthetic rubber or the mixtures thereof can be used.
Patent KR-20050007680-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE IN HWAN
IPC: H04B1/40
Filed: 2003-07-11
Abstract: PURPOSE: An optical zoom structure of a camera installed at a mobile communication terminal is provided to provide an optical zoom function for realizing remote photographing and close-up photographing functions and to prevent damage and reduction in resolution of pixels generated when only digital zoom is used. CONSTITUTION: A mobile communication terminal has a lens(20) and a camera module(10). A zoom lens part(40) moves separately from or closely to the lens(20) for providing optical zoom. A lever(30) is combined with the zoom lens part(40) through a screw for moving the zoom lens part(40) by right and left rotation. The zoom lens part(40) includes a zoom lens housing(42) moving back and forth by rotation of the lever(30), and a zoom lens(44) mounted in the center of the zoom lens housing(42) for providing optical zoom according to a distance with the lens(20).
Patent KR-20050010118-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM JUNG SIK
IPC: H01M2/10
Filed: 2003-07-18
Abstract: PURPOSE: A battery mounting structure for electrical appliances is provided to easily exchange batteries without disassembling a battery cover or applying excess force to the battery cover. CONSTITUTION: The battery mounting structure for electrical appliances comprises a main body(32) in which a battery accommodating space(34) is formed; a door(50) which is installed to the main body(32) in such a movable manner to open and close the battery accommodating space(34) and is equipped with at least one terminals(51) and which has always a resilient force in a direction of being opened; and a locking member for hooking up the door(50) to the main body(32) so as to keep the battery accommodating space(34) being in closed state, which includes a hooking spring(60) and a hooking groove(55).
Patent KR-20050011165-A (KR)
Inventor: CHOI DOO JIN
IPC: B01D39/06
Filed: 2003-07-22
Abstract: PURPOSE: To provide a method for manufacturing a ceramic monolithic filter, which is able to increase surface area and provide strength-increased ceramic monolithic filter by growing various silicon carbide crystals at inner pores of the ceramic monolithic filter through flow and temperature control of dilute gas and carrier gas. CONSTITUTION: The method comprises the steps of (a) preparing a ceramic monolithic filter and then heating it; and (b) allowing dilute gas and carrier gas to flow in the ceramic monolithic filter to deposit silicon carbide on the surface of grain of the ceramic monolithic filter, thereby forming β-silicon carbide layer thereon.
Patent KR-20050011215-A (KR)
Inventor: CHOI MAN SOO
IPC: B01J2/04
Filed: 2003-07-22
Abstract: PURPOSE: To provide a process and an apparatus for preparing composite nano particles, which are able to perform a forming step and a coating step of nano particles by using flame of a flame burner having a coating device. CONSTITUTION: The process comprises the steps of (a) contacting vaporized chemical materials or sprayed, liquid-droplet form of chemical materials with flame to form nano particles; and (b) injecting isolating gas around precursor with injecting vaporized precursor of coating materials into the flame including the nano particles to form a coating layer on the surface of the nano particles. In the apparatus, a coating device (24) having a coating material precursor injection part (22), a coating material precursor discharge part, an isolation gas injection part (23), and an isolation gas discharge part (27) is coupled to an outlet of a flame burner (21) for preparing nano particles and perpendicularly-movable thereto.
Patent KR-20050011956-A (KR)
Inventor: SONG KUN HO
IPC: H01L21/60
Filed: 2003-07-24
Abstract: PURPOSE: A bump forming apparatus and a semiconductor package device having the same are provided to homogenize sizes and shapes of sturdy bumps by adjusting sizes of balls formed by a bonding wire using a cavity in a capillary tip. CONSTITUTION: A bump forming apparatus includes a capillary body(102), a cavity, and a chamfer area(108). The capillary body includes a wire feed bore(104) feeding a bonding wire and a capillary tip(106) forming a ball on an end of the bonding wire. The cavity is formed by being coupled with a lower end of the wire feed bore in the capillary tip. The cavity has a proper shape size to form a sturdy bump during coupling of the ball formed on the end of the bonding wire and the bonding pad. The chamfer area couples the lower end of the wire feed bore with the cavity.
Patent KR-20050014220-A (KR)
Inventor: CHOI SUNG HO
IPC: H04L12/56
Filed: 2003-07-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: A device and a method for setting a header compression context in accordance with a channel change are provided to use the same header compression context regardless of a channel for supporting a packet data service, thereby effectively using radio resources while reducing time for resetting a system in accordance with a channel change. CONSTITUTION: An RNC(905) supplies an MBMS(Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service) to a UE(910)(915), and determines to change a channel for supplying the MBMS into a PTP channel while determining to use an HC(Header Compression) context in the PTP channel(920). The RNC(905) transmits an RB(Radio Bearer) setup message to the UE(910)(925). The UE(910) configures a PTP RB by using RB information(930), and sends an RB setup complete message to the RNC(905)(935). The RNC(905) transmits the HC context to a header compressor of the newly configured PTP RB(940). The RNC(905) sends MBMS data by using the newly configured PTP RB(945).
Patent KR-20050015113-A (KR)
Inventor: PYO DAE IL
IPC: H01L21/205
Filed: 2003-08-02
Abstract: PURPOSE: An apparatus for atmosphere pressure chemical vapor deposition is provided to prevent vortex of an air curtain gas due to shortage of gas injecting holes by using plural injecting holes on a baffle. CONSTITUTION: An apparatus for atmosphere pressure chemical vapor deposition includes a plurality of injectors for injecting gases required for a thin film vaporization operation. A plurality of baffles(205) are implemented in a predetermined frame among the injectors and inject an air curtain gas having a predetermined pressure high enough to prevent reaction gases from being mixed with one another. More than five gas injecting holes(206) supply the air curtain gas to each of the baffles and are formed with a predetermined shape on the predetermined frame implemented on each of the baffles.
Patent KR-20030069153-A (KR)
Inventor: YOON SEOK MANN
IPC: G09F13/20
Filed: 2003-08-04
Abstract: PURPOSE: A luminous sign for finding an exit within a building under interruption of electric power and a fabricating method thereof are provided to prevent an accident by indicating correctly a present position and inducing a direction of the exit under the interruption of electric power. CONSTITUTION: A luminous sign for finding an exit within a building under interruption of electric power includes a green sign board using a luminous paint. A plurality of characters and a plurality of numbers are formed on the luminous sign in order to indicate a present position and guide a direction of an exit in the dark.
Patent KR-20050015320-A (KR)
Inventor: BAEK NAK BUM
IPC: G09B29/00
Filed: 2003-08-05
Abstract: PURPOSE: A map manufacturing method using a national base map and picture data and a map book manufactured thereby are provided to reduce the cost necessary for manufacturing the map by correcting partially only corresponding layers. CONSTITUTION: A national base map is read by using a raster such as a scanner and an original map is generated by a vectorising process. The original map is inputted into a database. Vector data stored in the database are manufactured in each layer(41-45) according to a predetermined rule(40). The layers are integrated in block units and the layers integrated in block units are stored in the database(50). The data stored in the database are divided in size units and in scale units according to usages and purposes(60). A book is manufactured by editing divided sides(80).
Patent KR-20040018171-A (KR)
Title: Image display device, image display method, and image display program
Inventor: KURUMISAWA TAKASHI
IPC: H04N9/64
Filed: 2003-08-21
Abstract: PURPOSE: To provide a resolution conversion method of image data for creating comfortable high resolution image data by improving an angle of field, when low resolution image data is displayed by converting the resolution. CONSTITUTION: An image display device generates resolution converted image data which increases the resolution by increasing a pixel number by creating a plurality of pixels from each pixel comprising acquired original image data. To pixels among the resolution converted image data adjacent in an upper and a lower direction, each gradation value is set by the adjustment of the angle of field so that both of the gradation values are different. Thereby, a bright pixel and a dark pixel are arranged adjacent in the upper and the lower direction. Thereby, the angles of field in the upper and the lower direction are expanded so that the resolution converted image data is displayed on a display part. Thus, when a conversion process of the resolution is applied to the original image data, the resolution converted image data may increase the angle of field of the image data after conversion.
Patent KR-20050021114-A (KR)
Inventor: SEO CHI MIN
IPC: H04B7/14
Filed: 2003-08-26
Abstract: PURPOSE: An interference signal removing circuit of an in-phase removing wireless repeater using a reference signal is provided to use a reference signal which perfectly removes interference signals by comprising plural interference signal synthesizers, thereby effectively removing the interference signals. CONSTITUTION: An in-phase distributor(100) receives mixed original and interference signals, and distributes the received signals. The first interference signal phase controller and a reference signal phase controller(111,112) perform a phase shift process for each of the distributed original/interference signals. A reference signal synthesizer(116) outputs an original signal component as a reference signal. The first interference signal synthesizer(115) outputs the interference signal at more than a certain value. The second interference signal phase controller(117) receives each signal component, and carries out a phase shift. The second interference signal synthesizer(118) removes the interference signal, and extracts the original signal component.
Patent KR-20050022912-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE BYOUNG GON
IPC: H04N5/225
Filed: 2003-08-27
Abstract: PURPOSE: A sliding mobile communication terminal having a camera interworking device is provided to expose a camera module by a sliding action of a sliding unit which slides down a body, in order to receive a lens unit of the camera module inside the terminal, thereby minimizing external influence while preventing the camera module from being damaged. CONSTITUTION: A main PCB(110) converts an input signal into an electric signal. A body unit(100) includes a predetermined input button. A sliding unit(200) slides down the body unit(100), and includes a display(210) and a predetermined function button. A camera module(300) is comprised on an upper side of the body unit(100). An upper opening and a rear opening are formed on an upper side and a rear side of the body unit(100), respectively, and wherein the camera module(300) is exposed. An interworking unit rotates the camera module(300) when the sliding unit(200) vertically slides down the body unit(100), so that a lens unit of the camera module(300) can be located in the upper opening or the rear opening.
Patent KR-20050023560-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM IL SIK
IPC: G02F1/1337
Filed: 2003-08-28
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for reproducing an alignment film and an LCD(Liquid Crystal Display) panel comprising the reproduced alignment film are provided to selectively remove a defective alignment film except a pattern spacer, thereby preventing the damage on the pattern spacer during removal process and maintain a desired cell gap by using a screen mask overlapping the pattern spacer. CONSTITUTION: A pattern spacer(128) and the first alignment film(124) are sequentially formed over a substrate(101). When it is determined that the first alignment film has a defect, the first alignment film is to be removed. The first alignment film is selectively removed using a screen mask, which has a block region(130b) overlapping the pattern spacer. The second alignment film is formed on the resultant substrate where the first alignment is selectively removed.
Patent KR-20050022633-A (KR)
Inventor: MOON KANG YUN
IPC: H04N5/50
Filed: 2003-08-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: A channel switching method for a TV is provided to register name to a desired channel by a user and to switch the channel by using the registered name. CONSTITUTION: When registering a name to a channel, in a number input mode state, a user selects the corresponding channel by inputting a desired channel number, switches a present mode into a character input mode by pressing down a mode key, selects and stores a name capable of memorizing easily such as 'FOOD' to the present selected channel. When tuning a channel, a user inputs a specific character such as 'FOOD' in the character input mode. Thereafter, a CPU(Central Processing Unit) checks whether there is a channel registered by the name of 'FOOD' and switches the present channel into the channel number of 50 as the 'FOOD' mapping channel when there is the channel registered by the name of 'FOOD'.
Patent KR-20050028557-A (KR)
Title: Method of erasing and printing images in rewritable card processing apparatus
Inventor: KANG SEUNG IL
IPC: B41J2/315
Filed: 2003-09-18
Abstract: A method of erasing and printing images in a rewritable card processing apparatus is provided to minimize a size of the rewritable card processing apparatus at a low cost by using one thermal sensitive recording device. Thermal energy is controlled by adjusting a strobe pulse width or voltage applied to a heating member of a thermal sensitive recording device. The strobe pulse is intermittently applied with a predetermined frequency in order to apply the strobe pulse for a long period of time, thereby improving erasing effect. During applying the strobe pulse(306), recording data stored in a line memory is synchronized with a clock signal(3-1) so that the recording data are transmitted to a shift register of the thermal sensitive device. An additional strobe pulse(307) is applied to latched data.
Patent KR-20050029452-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus for sorting out of spinach
Inventor: CHOI HEE SEOK
IPC: A23N15/00
Filed: 2003-09-23
Abstract: An apparatus for trimming leaves and roots of spinach comprising a transfer part, a cutting part and a leaf removing part that are driven by an electric machine to automatically remove roots and lower leaves of spinach is provided. It reduces labor power, working time and cost, thereby improving working efficiency. The apparatus for trimming leaves and roots of spinach consists of: a transfer part(14) containing a first conveyor belt(10) that is rotated in a parallel direction to the ground according to a predetermined trajectory and a second conveyor belt(12) that is adhesively disposed to the upper surface of the first conveyor belt while being rotated in the same direction and transfers the upper leaves of spinach; a cutting part(20) containing a cutter(16) that is disposed apart a predetermined distance from the side part of the transfer part to cut the roots of spinach while being coaxially rotated in the same direction as the travelling direction of the transfer part; and a lower leaf removing part containing a first and second lower leaf removing roller(22) that is adhesively disposed to the side part of the cutting part while being axially rotated in the orthogonal direction of the travelling direction of the transfer part to catch and pull the lower leaf of spinach.
Patent KR-20040028540-A (KR)
Inventor: SAMATA SHUICHI
IPC: G05B23/02
Filed: 2003-09-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: A system for predicting the life of a rotating machine, a method for predicting the life of a rotating machine, and a manufacturing machine having a rotating machine are provided to easily and accurately predict the life of a rotating machine with high reliability and high precision. CONSTITUTION: A vibration meter(7) measures time series acceleration data of the vibration of a rotating machine(3). A band pass filter(8) filters an analog signal of the measured time series acceleration data in a frequency band containing a first analytic frequency expressed by a product of an expression containing the number of rotor vanes of the rotating machine, and by multiplication with an original reference vibration frequency of the rotating machine. A data processing unit(6) predicts the life of the rotating machine on the basis of a characteristic rate of the time series acceleration data of the filtered first analytic frequency.
Patent KR-20050034364-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE AN NA
IPC: A63H27/28
Filed: 2003-10-09
Abstract: 본 발명의 비행체를 위한 자세제어장치는, 서보혼이 구비된 서보; 일단이 상기 서보혼에 연결되고, 상기 타단이 서보혼을 통하여 상기 꼬리날개에 연결된 연결부재; 및 상기 서보혼과 상기 꼬리날개 사이에 설치되며, 상기 동체축을 골짜기로 하는 홈이 형성된 피치제어부재를 구비하여, 상기 서보혼이 상기 동체축 위치로부터 좌우로 움직임에 따라, 상기 연결부재에 의해 연결된 상기 꼬리날개가 좌우로 움직임과 동시에, 상기 꼬리날개의 앙각이 상승하도록 작동된다. 본 발명의 자세제어장치에 의하면 첫째, 방향 선회시, 하나의 서보에 의하여 수직꼬리날개의 각도 조정에 의한 요우축 제어와 수평꼬리날개의 각도 조정에 의한 피치축 제어가 동시에 이루어짐으로써, 날개짓 비행체의 방향 선회 조종이 용이하고, 선회시 고도 침하에 의한 자세 불안정 문제가 해결된다. 둘째, 방향 선회시, 수평꼬리날개 전체가 선회하고자 하는 방향으로 이동하므로, 선회 중 비행체의 좌우 공력중심점도 선회 방향으로 이동하게 되므로, 선회 중 발생하기 쉬운 롤축 불안정도 상쇄되는 효과가 있다. 세째, 하나의 서보모터 및 그 작동 기구에 의하여 비행체의 방향 선회를 제어하므로, 비행체 전체 무게를 감소시킨다. 따라서, 날개짓 비행체의 날개폭 및 전체 크기를 소형화할 수 있다. 네째, 날개짓 비행체의 제조에 있어서, 서보모터 및 그 작동 기구의 간소화로 인하여 비용감소의 효과가 있다.
Patent KR-20050037617-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE HAN SUEK
IPC: G02B6/10
Filed: 2003-10-20
Abstract: 광섬유 코어의 중심부를 희토류 원소 첨가영역에서 제외한 구조, 예를 들자면 환(環) 구조로 희토류 원소를 첨가한 광섬유 및 이를 이용한 광섬유에 대해 개시하고 있다. 본 발명의 광섬유 및 증폭기에 의하면, 종래의 에르븀 첨가 광섬유 증폭기에서 이득매질을 제외한 구조나 소자를 변경하지 않고, 즉, 종래의 원(圓) 구조의 에르븀 첨가 광섬유를 본 발명의 에르븀 첨가 광섬유로 바꾸어 주는 것만으로, 상당히 개선된 L-band (Longer wavelength Band) PCE (Power Conversion Efficiency)를 얻을 수 있다.
Patent KR-20050038530-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM HYUNG KEE
IPC: F02D41/22
Filed: 2003-10-22
Abstract: 본 발명은 낮은 엔진 회전수 영역에서 제어 토크량 조정이 가능하므로 엔진 스텀블과 엔진 시동 꺼짐 현상을 방지할 수 있는 풀 트랙션 제어 시스템 차량의 엔진 토크 제어방법 및 풀 로드(Full Load)에서 풀 트랙션 제어시 배기가스와 촉매 온도 상승 방지에 관한 것으로, 트랙션 제어 시스템(TCS) 작동 조건을 판정하는 단계와; 트랙션 제어 시스템 작동 조건이면, 엔진 회전수를 검출하고 검출된 엔진 회전수와 목표 회전수를 비교하는 단계와; 엔진 회전수가 목표 회전수를 초과하면 요구 토크량을 연산하는 단계와; 제어 토크량을 연산하는 단계와; 점화 시기 토크량을 연산하는 단계와; 점화 시기 토크량에 따라 점화 시기를 연산하는 단계와; 연료 토크량 연산 조건을 판정하는 단계와; 점화 시기 토크량 최대치를 연산하는 단계와; 연료 토크량을 연산하는 단계와; 풀 로드(Full Load) 등에 따른 엔진 운전 조건에 따라 람다 셋 포인트를 독출하는 단계와; 트랙션 제어 시스템 작동 시간을 연산하는 단계와; 연산된 트랙션 제어 시스템 작동 시간과 설정 시간을 비교하는 단계와; 트랙션 제어 시스템 작동 시간이 설정 시간 이상이면 람다 셋 포인트를 변경하는 단계와; 최종 제어 토크량을 연산하는 단계와; 연산된 최종 제어 토크량을 기준으로 점화 시기 지각으로 요구 토크를 실현하고, 점화 시기 지각과 더불어 최종 제어 토크량에서 연산된 연료 토크량에 따라 실린더별 연료 차단을 실현하는 제어동작을 수행하는 단계를 포함하여 이루어진다.
Patent KR-20050037930-A (KR)
Inventor: KO KYUNG YONG
Filed: 2003-10-20
Abstract: 본 발명은 사용자의 핸드폰번호를 포함하는 가상계좌를 설정함으로써 핸드폰번호만 아는 개인이나 업체로 손쉽게 송금이나 기부를 할 수도 있도록 한 인터넷송금시스템에 관한 것으로, 이 시스템은 월드와이드웹(World Wide Web;WWW)을 토대로 한 데이터통신망인 인터넷과, 가입자간 음성 및 데이터의 통신경로를 제공하는 공중전화망과, 상기 인터넷에 연결되어 송금 및 기부를 위한 금융서버와, 상기 인터넷에 연결되어 송금 및 기부를 하기 위한 사용자단말기인 적어도 하나 이상의 사용자PC와, 상기 공중전화망에 연결되어 이를 통해 가입자간 음성통화를 수행하는 적어도 하나 이상의 전화와, 상기 금융서버에 연결되어 오프라인을 통해 은행원에게 위임된 송금 및 기부업무를 수행하기 위한 은행단말기인 은행PC를 포함하고; 상기 전화번호를 은행계좌번호로 설정하고, 사용자가 원할 경우에 송금 혹은 수금시 소정 비율만큼을 기부금으로 설정하여 기부할 수가 있는 것을 특징으로 한다.
Patent KR-20030088885-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM HYEON MOK
IPC: B60N5/00
Filed: 2003-10-24
Abstract: PURPOSE: A safe mirror for getting off a bus is provided to prevent accidents by easily informing passengers of cycles or two-wheeled vehicles traveling at the rear of the bus when passengers get off the bus, to reduce breakages of the mirror by housing the mirror in the side of the bus when a door is closed, and to easily mount the mirror to an existing bus. CONSTITUTION: A safe mirror(4) for getting off a bus is composed of a fixed part(7) and a fixing frame(11) integrated; the fixing frame and an opening and shutting frame(13) combined by a spring(12); a mirror bottom surface integrated with the opening and shutting frame; a roller(9) mounted at the lower part of the mirror bottom surface; and a reflecting mirror(5) and a reflector(6) arranged at the upper part of the mirror bottom surface.
Patent KR-20050041070-A (KR)
Inventor: JEONG JAE SEOK
IPC: H01J17/16
Filed: 2003-10-29
Abstract: 플라즈마 디스플레이 패널과, 상기 플라즈마 디스플레이 패널에 연결 설치되어 이를 지지하는 샤시 베이스 및 상기 샤시 베이스에 설치되고 기공이 존재하는 소음 흡수층을 포함한다.