baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent JP-2023548378-A (JP)
Title: 二次電池
IPC: H01M50/342
Filed: 2022-04-15
Abstract: 本発明は、ベント部材を備える二次電池に関する。前記二次電池は、電極リードが取り付けられた電極組立体と、収納部を含むケースと、を含み得る。前記収納部は、折曲面とシーリング部によって区画され得る。前記収納部は、前記電極組立体を収納して内部に電極組立体を密封するように形成され得る。前記シーリング部は、前記電極組立体の周縁を密封するためにシーラント樹脂を含み得る。前記シーリング部は、前記折曲面と隣接し、前記折曲面から延びる延長部を含み得る。前記ベント部材は、少なくとも部分的に前記延長部に位置し得る。前記ベント部材は、前記シーラント樹脂よりも融点の低いベント樹脂を含むベント部材を含み得る。
Patent JP-2023549217-A (JP)
Title: 還元型酸化グラフェンの製造方法
IPC: C01B32/198
Filed: 2020-11-13
Abstract: 本発明は、キッシュグラファイトを提供し、キッシュグラファイトと過硫酸塩及び酸とを室温でインターカレートして、インターカレートされたキッシュグラファイトを得、インターカレートされたキッシュグラファイトを室温で膨張させ、膨張したキッシュグラファイトを得、膨張ステップ中に発生したガスが少なくとも部分的に存在する間に、膨張したキッシュグラファイトと少なくとも酸及び酸化剤とを混合して、膨張したキッシュグラファイトが同時に酸化、剥離及び還元されて、還元型酸化グラフェンになるようにすることを含む、キッシュグラファイトからの還元型酸化グラフェンの製造方法に関する。
Patent JP-2023550496-A (JP)
Title: グリコシド生成物の生合成及び回収
IPC: C12P19/00
Filed: 2021-11-24
Abstract: 様々な態様及び実施形態では、本開示は、グリコシル化生成物を作製するための方法、ならびにそれに有用な細菌細胞及びウリジン二リン酸（ＵＤＰ）依存性グリコシルトランスフェラーゼ（ＵＧＴ）酵素を提供する。他の態様及び実施形態では、本開示は、微生物培養または無細胞反応によるそのようなグリコシド生成物の高収率及び／または高純度回収のための方法を提供する。様々な態様及び実施形態では、本開示は、所望の基質のグリコシル化、及び／または、グリコシル化生成物の高収率及び／または高純度での回収を含む全細胞生物変換プロセスを提供する。
Patent JP-2023551458-A (JP)
Title: Ｏｐｒｆを介したブロックチェーンネットワークにおける鍵再生
IPC: H04L9/08
Filed: 2021-10-25
Abstract: 例示の動作は、暗号鍵を用いてプライベート鍵を暗号化すること、暗号鍵に基づいて複数の鍵を生成し、秘密入力値に基づいて、複数の鍵を複数の鍵共有に変換すること、暗号化されたプライベート鍵をブロックチェーン上に記憶すること、及びブロックチェーンの複数のブロックチェーンピアに複数の鍵共有を分散させることのうちの１つ又は複数を含んでよく、ここで、分散させることは、複数の鍵共有の中からの異なる鍵共有を、複数のブロックチェーンピアの中の各ブロックチェーンピアに送信することを有する。
Patent JP-2023552589-A (JP)
Title: 幾何学的深層学習を使用する歯科スキャンの自動処理
IPC: G06T19/00
Filed: 2021-12-02
Abstract: 機械学習又は幾何学的深層学習が、様々な歯科プロセス及び５つの解決策に適用される。特に、敵対的生成ネットワークは、スマイル設計（仕上げスマイル）、装具レンダリング、スキャンクリーンアップ、修復装具設計、クラウン及びブリッジ設計、及び仮想デボンディングに機械学習を適用する。頂点及びエッジ分類は、歯肉と歯の検出、歯タイプのセグメント化、並びにブラケット及び他の歯列矯正ハードウェアに、機械学習を適用する。回帰は、座標系、診断、ケース複雑度、及び治療期間の０予測に、機械学習を適用する。自動エンコーダ及びクラスタリングは、医師又は技術者及び選好のグループ化に機械学習を適用する。
Patent JP-2024500901-A (JP)
Title: 光学系
IPC: G02B13/00
Filed: 2021-12-22
Abstract: 本発明の実施例に係る光学系は、物体側から像側方向に光軸に沿って順次配置される第１レンズ、第２レンズ、第３レンズ、第４レンズ、第５レンズ、第６レンズ、第７レンズ、及び第８レンズを含み、前記第１レンズは、正の屈折力を有し、物体側面が凸であり、前記第２レンズは、負の屈折力を有し、像側面が凹であり、前記第６レンズは、物体側面及び像側面のうち少なくとも一つが変曲点を有し、前記第７レンズは、正の屈折力を有し、像側面が凸であり、前記第８レンズは、負の屈折力を有し、物体側面及び像側面が少なくとも一つの変曲点を有し、前記第１乃至第８レンズの中心部の厚さのうち、前記第７レンズの中心部の厚さが最も厚くてもよい。
Patent JP-2024504122-A (JP)
Title: ビーム指示方法及び装置、並びに端末
IPC: H04W16/28
Filed: 2021-01-15
Abstract: この出願は、通信分野に関係し、特に、ビーム指示方法及び装置、並びに端末に関係する。方法は、統合ＴＣＩ状態プールを取得することであって、統合ＴＣＩ状態プールは、別個ＴＣＩ状態プール又は共同ＴＣＩ状態プールに使用される、ことと、統合ＴＣＩ状態プールに基づいて、別個又は共同ＴＣＩ状態指示を実行することと、を含む。したがって、この出願では、統合ＴＣＩ状態プールは、別個及び共同ＴＣＩ状態プール並びに別個及び共同ＴＣＩ状態指示を実装するように設計され、その結果、シグナリング・オーバヘッド及びビーム指示の遅延が低減される。
Patent MX-2007002696-A (MX)
Title: Method for producing polyurethane soft foam materials.
Inventor: ELING BEREND
IPC: C08G18/48
Filed: 2005-09-20
Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing polyurethane soft foam materials, in particular polyurethane form soft foam materials, by reacting a) polyisocyanates with b) compounds having at least two hydrogen groups which react with isocyanate groups. The invention is characterised in that the components contain b) b1a) at least one polyether alcohol, which contains an end block which is stored by means of a DMC-catalyst, said end block being made of ethylene oxide-units having a maximum of 10 wt.- %, in relation to the weight of the alkylene oxide stored by means of DMC-catalysts, and/or b1b) at least one polyether alcohol which contains a terminal mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide having a content of ethylene oxide in the mixture of at least 25 wt. %, stored by means of DMC-catalysts, b2a) in addition to at least one polyether alcohol which subsequently contains propylene oxide units, and/or b2b) at least one graft-polyether alcohol.
Patent MX-2007003482-A (MX)
Title: Tool-free depth-of-drive adjustment for a fastener-driving tool.
Inventor: TAYLOR WALTER J
IPC: B25D17/08
Filed: 2005-08-29
Abstract: An adjustable depth of drive assembly (10) for use with a fastener-driving tool (12) includes a workpiece contact element (26) having a contact end (30) and an adjustment end (28), at least one stop (32) configured for being secured to the tool and being normally moveable between an adjusting position in which the workpiece contact element (26) is movable relative to the tool, and a locked position where the adjustment end (28) is secured from movement relative to the tool, and at least one biasing element (34) associated with the stop and configured for urging the stop and the adjustment end into a selected locked position relative to the tool without the use of tools.
Patent MX-2007007860-A (MX)
Title: Oxygen-impervious packaging with optional oxygen scavenger, stabilized thyroid hormone compositions and methods for storing thyroid hormone pharmaceutical compositions.
Inventor: BRINKMAN KYLE R
IPC: A61K31/198
Filed: 2005-12-22
Abstract: Novel packaging, methods of packaging and methods for storing thyroid hormone pharmaceutical compositions, such as levothyroxine (T<sub>4</sub>) sodium and liothyronine (T<sub>3</sub>) sodium, in reduced oxygen conditions for maintaining the stability and potency of the thyroid hormones during extended shelf life are provided.
Patent MX-2007007944-A (MX)
Title: Method and apparatus of reducing transfer latency in an soc interconnect.
Inventor: REMAKLUS PERRY WILLMANN JR
IPC: G06F13/364
Filed: 2005-12-23
Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to a method and apparatus for reducing transfer latency in a system on a chip, the system on a chip comprising a bus master, a bus slave and an arbiter, wherein the bus master, bus slave and arbiter are in electronic communication therebetween. A request is transmitted from the bus master to the arbiter, wherein a priority signal is associated with a latency requirement. The arbiter reviews the latency requirement prior to transmitting the request to the bus slave and determines whether to elevate the priority signal. The request signal is then transmitted from the arbiter to the bus slave. The bus slave fulfills the request and transmits a response to the request, wherein the transmission includes the priority signal.
Patent MX-2007008858-A (MX)
Title: Feeding implements for children of different stages of development.
Inventor: BRANDT THORSTEN
IPC: A47G19/22
Filed: 2006-01-23
Abstract: An array of feeding implement products including a first feeding implement adapted for use during a first stage of development, a first package enclosing the first feeding implement, and a first pictorial representation disposed on the first package. The first pictorial representation depicts the first feeding implement, a caregiver, and a first baby, wherein the first baby is represented as corresponding to the first stage of development. The array further includes a second feeding implement adapted for use during a second stage of development, a second package enclosing the second feeding implement, and a second pictorial representation disposed on the second package. The second pictorial representation depicts the second feeding implement, a caregiver, and a second baby, wherein the second baby is represented as corresponding to the second stage of development.
Patent MX-2007008975-A (MX)
Title: Valnemulin salts with organic acids.
Inventor: RAKOCZI FERENC JOZSEF
IPC: A61K31/22
Filed: 2006-01-26
Abstract: The invention relates to the production of a new salt form of valnemulin, a compound of formula I, which is notable for its good crystallinity in higher purity, its simpler technical usability and improved storage stability.
Patent MX-2007009518-A (MX)
Title: Airflow diverter.
Inventor: WONG ALEC C
IPC: B60K11/00
Filed: 2007-08-07
Abstract: In a vehicle (10) of the type having an engine (12) and a radiator (14), an airflow diverter (20) is attachable in fluid receiving communication with the radiator. The airflow diverter generally includes a formed foil (22) having an arcuate portion (24), the formed foil, when placed in an airstream (16), is capable of redirecting the airstream from a first direction (32) to at least a second direction (34).
Patent MX-2007010119-A (MX)
Title: Composite bat having a multiple tube structure.
Inventor: DAVIS STEPHEN J
IPC: A63B59/06
Filed: 2007-08-20
Abstract: A structure for a bat is described by using multiple composite tubes bonded to one another, wherein apertures, or "ports", are molded between the tubes to improve the stiffness, strength, aerodynamics and comfort of the bat.
Patent MX-2007011448-A (MX)
Title: Evaporator fan/motor assembly support bracket.
Inventor: DADDIS EUGENE DUANE JR
IPC: F01D25/26
Filed: 2005-09-16
Abstract: A refrigerated merchandiser (10) includes a cabinet (20) having a top wall (22), a lower wall (24), a rear wall (34), and side walls (36, 38) defining an interior product display space (100) housing a product (110) on shelves (112) in a refrigerated environment intended for selection by consumers. A refrigeration unit cassette (50) is disposed in operative association with the interior product display space in a compartment (55) beneath the lower wall (24). An evaporator fan (63) and its associated fan motor (61) are supported by a bracket (80) having a generally T-shaped body (82) with three legs (85, 87, 89) extending therefrom and mounted to a housing (96) of an evaporator (60) housed within the refrigeration unit cassette (50).
Patent MX-2007011566-A (MX)
Title: Flat-belt-like supporting and drive means with tensile carriers .
Inventor: ANGELIS CLAUDIO DE
IPC: D07B1/02
Filed: 2007-09-20
Abstract: This supporting and drive means (11) has the geometry of a belt consisting of a belt body (12) or sheathing (12) which encloses the tensile carriers (1). The running surface (16) of the belt can be flat and parallel to the belt back (13) or have trapezium- shaped or semicircular ribs (14) and grooves (15), wherein the profile of a drive pulley or of a deflecting pulley is approximately complementary to the running surface of the belt. One or more tensile carriers (1) are provided for each rib (14), wherein the tensile carriers (1) are laid or stranded alternately in Z direction and S direction.
Patent MX-2007013171-A (MX)
Title: Method of altering the binding specificity of proteins by oxidation-reduction reactions.
Inventor: MCINTYRE JOHN A
IPC: G01N33/53
Filed: 2006-04-06
Abstract: The binding specificity of at least one protein suspended or dissolved in a liquid medium is reversibly altered by exposing the protein to an oxidizing agent or an electric current. A masked protein such as an autoantibody can be detected, isolated and recovered from a biological fluid by subjecting the biological fluid to an oxidizing agent or an electric current to change the binding specificity of masked proteins contained therein.
Patent MX-2007014808-A (MX)
Title: Spray head with a flexible nozzle insert.
Inventor: BURGHAUS JOHANNES
IPC: B05B15/528
Filed: 2006-05-15
Abstract: A spray head (1) with a nozzle insert (2) for atomizing a fluid, which tends to gum up or harden, from a reservoir, wherein the nozzle insert (2) is substantially designed as a hollow cylinder that is open on one side and has, on the other side, a nozzle opening (4) towards the outside, and the nozzle insert (2) is connected to a nozzle insert receptacle (5) , which has a channel (6) for the fluid, wherein the channel (6) corresponds to the nozzle opening (4). The nozzle insert (2) consists of an elastic material (7) and, in this manner, is connected to the nozzle insert receptacle (5) so that an external, free section of the nozzle insert (2) along with the nozzle opening (4) is at least partially manually compressible and/or is designed to be manually bendable from its standby position, whereby hardened resin residue (12) can be removed from the nozzle opening (4).
Patent MX-2008000174-A (MX)
Title: Method and apparatus for forming a reinforcing bead in a container end closure.
Inventor: JENTZSCH KEVIN REED
IPC: B21D3/02
Filed: 2006-06-29
Abstract: A metallic container end closure is provided which includes a channel or groove in a predetermined location in at least one of an inner panel wall, outer panel wall, or chuckwall, and which is formed by a shaping tool. An apparatus and method for spin-forming the end closure with the improved geometry is also provided herein.
Patent MX-2008001728-A (MX)
Title: Penetration resistant composite and article comprising same.
Inventor: CHIOU MINSHON J
IPC: F41H5/04
Filed: 2006-08-09
Abstract: Penetration resistant composites and articles that are lightweight and ultraviolet light stable. One penetration resistant composite has a plate and a plurality of fibrous layers disposed adjacent at least one major surface of the plate. At least one of the fibrous layers includes a polymer fiber that is ultraviolet light stable. The composite has an areal density of less than about 25 kilograms per square meter, and is non-penetratable in accordance with standard NIJ- 0101.04 level III dated September 2000.
Patent MX-2008001969-A (MX)
Title: Compounds and compositions as protein kinase inhibitors.
Inventor: ZHANG GUOBAO
IPC: C07D471/04
Filed: 2006-08-09
Abstract: The invention provides a novel class of compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and methods of using such compounds to treat or prevent diseases or disorders associated with abnormal or deregulated kinase activity, particularly diseases or disorders that involve abnormal activation of the Abl, Bcr-Abl, BMX, BTK, CHK2, b-RAF, c-RAF, CSK, c-SRC, Fes, FGFR3, Flt3, IKK??, IKK??, JNK2??2, Lck, Met, MKK4, MKK6, MST2, NEK2, p70S6K, PDGFR??, PKA, PKB??, PKD2, Rsk1, SAPK2??, SAPK2??, SAPK3, SGK, Tie2 and TrkB kinases.
Patent MX-2008002305-A (MX)
Title: A solid laundry detergent composition comprising alkyl benzene sulphonate, carbonate salt and carboxylate polymer.
Inventor: BROOKER ALAN THOMAS
IPC: C11D3/37
Filed: 2006-08-17
Abstract: The present invention relates to a solid laundry detergent composition in particulate form comprising a plurality of particulate components, the composition comprises: (i) alkyl benzene sulphonate anionic detersive surfactant; (ii) carboxylate polymer; (iii) carbonate salt; (iv) from 0% to less than 5%, by weight of the composition, of zeolite builder; (v) from 0% to less than 5%, by weight of the composition, of phosphate builder; and (vi) optionally, from 0% to less than 5%, by weight of the composition, of silicate salt; wherein: (a) any particulate component that comprises at least 5%, by weight of the particulate component, of alkyl benzene sulphonate anionic detersive surfactant also comprises carbonate salt, wherein the weight ratio of the carbonate salt to the alkyl benzene sulphonate anionic detersive surfactant present in the particulate component is greater than 1: 1 ; (b) any particulate component that comprises at least 5%, by weight of the particulate component, of alkyl benzene sulphonate anionic detersive surfactant also comprises carboxylate polymer, wherein the weight ratio of the alkyl benzene sulphonate anionic detersive surfactant to the carboxylate polymer present in the particulate component is in the range of from 0.2: 1 to 5: 1 and (c) any particulate component that comprises at least 5%, by weight of the particulate component, of alkyl benzene sulphonate anionic detersive surfactant also comprises from 0% to 10%, by weight of the particulate component, of silicate salt; and (d) the weight ratio of carbonate salt to carboxylate polymer present in the composition is in the range of from 1 : 1 to 30: 1.
Patent MX-2008003008-A (MX)
Title: Mechanism for fastening the hook in locks of sliding doors and/or windows.
Inventor: VITAS EMILIO MARIANO BUJARRABA
IPC: E05B65/00
Filed: 2008-03-03
Abstract: The lock where the inventive mechanism is applied comprises a housing (1) wherein a manual-actuated handle is located (3), this latter element being related to a removable piece (5) by one end portion thereof, and to a fixed blocking member (4) by the opposite end portion thereof. The removable piece (5) has a groove (10) wherein a hook (6) is mounted. The inventive mechanism is characterised in that the hook (6) is a rectangular-shaped piece having toothed side portions (12) which are complementary to a toothing (13) pertaining to a tightening mechanism (14) located adjacent to the hook (6), the tightening piece having a trapezoidal protrusion (15), opposite the toothing (13), which forms two oblique end portions that are brought into contact with threaded pivots (16), the thread of said pivots being useful for pushing the same over the side portions of the trapezoidal protrusion (15), therefore also pushing the tightening mechanism (14) over the toothed side portions (12) of the hook (6), thus originating the immobilisation of the hook inside the groove (10) of the removable piece (5).
Patent MX-2008003058-A (MX)
Title: A method and apparatus for allocation of radio resources.
Inventor: FURUSKAR ANDERS
IPC: H04W72/04
Filed: 2006-09-25
Abstract: An estimate of a cost of allocating radio resources available for allocation to the at least one radio link within a cell is generated in dependency 5 of which radio resources have been used within the cell at previous times. This cost estimate can be compared to a quality gain of allocating the radio resources to the radio link, and an allocation decision can be made in dependency of the comparison result.
Patent MX-2008011432-A (MX)
Title: Vane machine with stationary and rotating cylinder parts.
Inventor: BOSKOVIC NEBOJSA
IPC: F01C1/348
Filed: 2006-03-06
Abstract: Vane machine with cylinder stationary and rotating parts is intended for use as a driving or a working machine, utilising compressible or non-compressible media as the working fluid. The vane-machine basic embodiment comprises: cylinder stationary part (A), cylinder rotating parts (B)1 rotor (C), covers (D), and vanes with grooves (F). The cylinder stationary part has the shroud (1) in which rotates the rotor with the vanes. In the shroud there are radial rectangular openings (5 and 6), letting the media in and out, which openings may be of other shapes as well. The inner ring (8) of roller or sliding bearing, rotate driven by the vanes. The rotor is positioned eccentrically relative to the shroud axes. At the rotor there are firmly fitted lateral plates (14) that rotate jointly with the rotor. The vane-machine working chamber is delimited with the shroud, the inner rings, the vanes and the plates. The described machine is better charged and discharged with the working media, its volumetric efficiency is improved, and its sealing is more efficient. Losses resulting from friction between surfaces in contact are decreased whereby the mechanical efficiency of the machine is enhanced.
Patent MX-2008016413-A (MX)
Title: Hydraulic pump.
Inventor: FRONZONI GIAN CARLO
IPC: F04B53/16
Filed: 2007-07-03
Abstract: Axial piston hydraulic pump, comprising at least one piston (2), coupled by suitable transmission means (103, 113) to drive means (3) and slidable with a reciprocating motion inside a cylinder (101), the said cylinder (101) communicating with a fluid intake passage (151) and a fluid delivery passage (161, 301), one-way means (121, 501) of controlling the flow of the fluid being provided in both passages; the said delivery passage (301) communicates, downstream of the said one-way flow control means (501), with a constricted flow discharge member (401, 411, 431, 441).
Patent MX-2008016446-A (MX)
Title: Phenylpentadienoyl derivatives and their use as par 1 antagonists.
Inventor: PEREZ MICHEL
IPC: C07D213/74
Filed: 2007-06-19
Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of general formula (I): wherein: R<sub>1</sub> and R<sub>2</sub>, identical or different, represent: an atom of hydrogen or halogen, CN or NO<sub>2</sub>, with R<sub>1</sub> and R<sub>2</sub> not representing hydrogen simultaneously, m represents: 1 or 2 n represents: 0, 1 or 2 R<sub>3</sub> represents: phenyl substituted or not by one or more residues chosen among halogen, hydroxyl or C<sub>1</sub>-C<sub>6</sub> alkyl; C<sub>2</sub>-C<sub>6</sub> alkyl substituted or not by one or more residues chosen among halogen or hydroxyl; cycloalkyl; pyridine; thiophene; pyrrole substituted or not by C<sub>1</sub>-C<sub>6</sub> alkyl; thiazole or furan; or the therapeutically-acceptable salts or solvates thereof.
Patent MX-2009002116-A (MX)
Title: Reinforced composite manhole cover assembly and components thereof.
Inventor: BRADY ROBERT C
IPC: B65D45/24
Filed: 2007-08-27
Abstract: A lightweight manhole cover assembly includes a cover and a base, with the cover including an inner surface having a plurality of ribs extending therefrom. The base includes an inner surface having a plurality of receptacles extending therefrom. The receptacles of the base have a layout that corresponds to the ribs of the cover, such that the ribs are adapted to be inserted into the receptacles. Latching and clamping or sealing assemblies are adapted to retain a lightweight manhole cover assembly in a desired position over an opening.
Patent MX-2009006020-A (MX)
Title: Removable rivets and related methods.
Inventor: FERRIS DARREN S
IPC: F16B39/04
Filed: 2009-06-05
Abstract: A rivet assembly includes a tube with first and second ends and a spiral thread formed on an inner surface extending from the first end to a first axial extent, and a bolt formed to engage the tube thread to a second axial extent less than the length of the tube.
Patent MX-2009008662-A (MX)
Title: Method for producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.
Inventor: PUY MICHAEL VAN DER
IPC: C07C21/18
Filed: 2009-08-13
Abstract: A method for preparing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene comprising contacting a reactant comprising CCl2â?ÉCFCH2Cl with a fluorinating agent, such as HF, under conditions effective to produce a reaction product comprising CF3CFâ?ÉCH2.
Patent MX-2009009339-A (MX)
Title: Reservoir stimulation while running casing related applications.
Inventor: CLARK BRIAN
IPC: E21B7/20
Filed: 2008-02-28
Abstract: A method for stimulating a reservoir formation while running a casing string into the wellbore includes the steps of: connecting a stimulation assembly to a casing string, the stimulation assembly including a packer actuator in operational connection with a packer and a logging sensor; running the casing string into the wellbore and positioning the logging assembly proximate to a selected reservoir formation; logging the reservoir formation; positioning the stimulation assembly proximate to the reservoir formation; actuating the packer to substantially isolate the reservoir formation from the wellbore; performing the stimulation operation; releasing the packers from sealing engagement with the wellbore; positioning the logging assembly proximate to the reservoir formation; logging the reservoir formation; and disconnecting the stimulation assembly from the casing string.
Patent MX-2009010883-A (MX)
Title: Toner compositions.
Inventor: KUMAR SAMIR
IPC: C08L25/14
Filed: 2009-10-08
Abstract: Single component toners are provided with at least one surface additive including a large polymeric spacer, and processes for producing the same. In embodiments, the toner is a non-magnetic single component toner produced by emulsion aggregation methods. The large polymeric spacer additives provide excellent flow characteristics to the resulting toners, and reduce the incidence of clogging failure and print defects such as ghosting, white bands, and low toner density compared with conventionally produced toners.