baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-573340-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the production of an aviation or motor fuel or an aviation or motor fuel constituent
IPC: C07C13/10
Filed: 1942-07-01
Abstract: Cyclopentane is produced by the hydrogenation of cyclopentadiene in the presence of a temperature-moderating diluent, for example hydrogen in excess of that used as reactant, benzol or cyclopentane or mixtures thereof.  Benzol forerunnings of coal tar distillates may be treated to polymerize the cyclopentadiene to dicyclopentadiene, the crude concentrate obtained which boils at about 75-175 DEG  C. being freed from carbon disulphide and topped to remove light ends, boiling range 78-80 DEG  C., consisting of benzene, with some unsaturated hydrocarbons and sulphur compounds.  The residue is mainly dicyclopentadiene. Conversion to dimer may also be effected by contact with acid and pure dimer obtained by fractionation under vacuum.  The dicyclopentadiene or residue containing it is depolymerized, for example in a column packed with iron or steel turnings or wool at 200-300 DEG  C., the overhead product at a column head temperature of 40-42 DEG  C. being sulphur-free cyclopentadiene. The rates of feed and distillation are adjusted to the rate of hydrogenation in the subsequent hydrogenation unit to reduce formation of higher polymers.  Hydrogenation may be effected in the vapour phase at 400 DEG  C. and 200 lbs./sq. in. with a 5 per cent molybdenum oxide on alumina catalyst and an oil feed rate of 1.0 vol./vol./hr. with a hydrogen recycle rate of 5000-6000 c. ft. per barrel of oil feed. The feed is advantageously diluted with the previously removed light ends when the benzene is refined in the same operation and the complete preliminary removal of carbon disulphide is unnecessary.  The mixture of cyclopentane and benzene obtained, after removal of the small amount of high boiling residue produced, may be used as an aviation spirit blending constituent. Where sulphur-sensitive catalysts are used, such as Raney nickel, materials must be sulphur-free and hydrogenation may be effected in the liquid phase with a nickel catalyst at 50-100 DEG  C. using cyclopentane as diluent.  In examples: (1) benzene is distilled from the crude concentrate of benzol fore-runnings and the residue heated to 160-180 DEG  C. to distil cyclopentadiene which is diluted with four times its volume of the light ends and hydrogenated, using molybdenum oxide-alumina as above.  The product is used as diluent in subsequent hydrogenations, the cyclopentadiene content in the feed being always 20 per cent by volume, and the final product contains 60 per cent cyclopentane; (2) the crude material is dropped into a flask heated to 240-250 DEG  C. and the vapours passed through an iron tube packed with steel wool.  The properties of the product at different temperatures and rates of feed are tabulated.  The product is hydrogenated as before to give cyclopentane and refined benzol.
Patent GB-936397-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the preparation and purification of methacrylates of higher alphatic alcohols
IPC: C07C67/20
Filed: 1960-03-15
Abstract: A methacrylic ester of an aliphatic primary alcohol having 8-18 carbon atoms is separated from a mixture including the higher alcohol and said ester thereof by treating the mixture at an elevated temperature with a calculated quantity of sulphuric acid so as to transform the free alcohol into its hydrogen sulphate and separating the methacrylate by washing with an aqueous solution of a water-miscible organic solvent which dissolves the hydrogen sulphate of the higher alcohol and decanting.  The method is particularly useful in a preparation of the above methacrylates which comprises treating methacrylamide with water, sulphuric acid and the higher alcohol at an elevated temperature, separating the resulting liquid into an organic phase containing the methacrylate of the higher alcohol, free higher alcohol and methacrylic acid and an aqueous phase containing sulphuric acid, and ammonium sulphate, esterifying in the organic phase the free methacrylic acid with higher alcohol and transforming the excess higher alcohol into its hydrogen sulphate, by treating the organic phase at an elevated temperature with a calculated amount of sulphuric acid, and washing and decanting the methacrylate as above.  The methacrylamide may be obtained by hydrolysing acetone cyanhydrin with sulphuric acid.  The crude esters containing free higher alcohol may also be those obtained by esterification of methacrylic acid or by interesterification of methyl methacrylate.  The separation processes may be effected in continuous manner.  The sulphuric acid using in the sulphation may be in the form of oleum.  In examples, acetone cyanohydrin is heated with excess 100% sulphuric acid, the reacted mixture is heated with water and technical lauryl alcohol, the product is settled, the organic phase comprising lauryl methacrylate, lauryl alcohol and methacrylic acid is heated with 100% sulphuric acid, the resulting organic phase is separated from an aqueous sulphuric acid phase, washed twice with aqueous methanol and then stripped of solvent to leave purified lauryl methacrylate.  Technical stearyl methacrylate may be obtained in like manner.  The methanol may be replaced by ethanol or acetone.
Patent GB-687668-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to colorless sterile invert sugar and processes of producing the same from sucrose
IPC: C13K3/00
Filed: 1950-04-14
Abstract: Colourless solutions of invert sugar are produced by hydrolysing sucrose with a non-oxidizing acid e.g. HCl at a pH of 0-3.0 at temperature of 0-125 DEG  C. so that at least 98 per cent and not more than 99.9 per cent of the sucrose is hydrolysed.  If the hydrolysis is conducted within the range 2.3-3.0 the oxygen in the solution prior to inversion is removed by adjusting the solution to pH2 or lower with a non-oxidizing acid e.g. HCl, followed by addition of an alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate or an alkali earth metal carbonate or bicarbonate until the pH is 2.3 to 3.0.  The solution is then inverted and afterwards the pH is brought within the range 2.5-4.9 by adding alkali metal bicarbonate.
Patent GB-308321-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the pointers or indicating devices of measuring instruments and apparatus
IPC: G01R1/02
Filed: 1929-03-21
Abstract: 308,321. Schurz, W. March 21, 1928, [Convention date]. Indicating.-The indicating pointer of a measuring-instrument is actuated magnetically by means of a spiral shaped magnetic member arranged on the pointer spindle and co-operating with a magnet movable in accordance with the quantity being measured. In the form shown in Fig. 1 the magnet is rotatable around an axis 5 and carries a pole-piece 7 in the form of a spiral of Archimedes to co-operate with the. screwshaped member 3. The pole-piece 7 permits the use of a uniformly graduated scale. The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 (3) (a) describes a form as shown in Fig. 1, (Cancelled) wherein the magnet is movable in the direction of the arrows parallel to the spindle 2 of the pointer 4 and co-operates with the screw-shaped member 3 mounted on the spindle. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.
Patent GB-437107-A (GB)
Title: Methods and means for carrying out processes involving the presence of gas or vapourparticularly of a noxious or dangerous nature
IPC: B29C35/02
Filed: 1934-03-24
Abstract: 437,107. Confining fumes on generation. DUNLOP RUBBER CO., Ltd., 32, Osnaburgh Street, London, WILLSHAW, H., TWISS, D. F., GOODHALL, S. N., and JONES, F. A., c /o Fort Dunlop, Birmingham. March 24, 1934, No. 9299. [Class 8 (ii)] [See also Groups II and V] A chamber 1 in which articles such as golf balls are treated, e.g. by carbon bisulphide, by processes involving the presence of noxious gases is made substantially gas-tight and enclosed in an outer chamber 2 through which air or neutral gas is drawn by a fan communicating with a duct 3. The air &c. may be delivered to atmosphere or may be cleaned and returned to the, outer chamber. The balls enter by shoots 28 having flaps 29 forming gas-tight closures in the absence of the balls, and leave by shoots 14 having detents 17 and valves 27 which allow the balls to pass singly. The detents 17 and valves 27 are actuated against springs by pistons 23 subject to pressure controlled by an electrical timing device. The balls fall into nearly closed boxes 30 which may be removed from the outer chamber through traps 32 or may be shifted and stored in the outer chamber. The lids of the inner and outer chambers fit loosely, that of the inner chamber being water sealed, to provide for explosions. Specifications 407,928 and 437,106, [both in Group V], are referred to.
Patent GB-853418-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to prestressed concrete slab structures such as airfield runways and the like
IPC: E01C7/16
Filed: 1958-03-24
Abstract: 853,418. Prestressed concrete structures; runways &c. LEE, D. H. March 24, 1959 [March 24, 1958], No. 9302/58. Class 20(4) In the prestressing of concrete slab structures such as airfield runways, roads or the like, the or each slab is lifted, as by jacking means, so that it is supported clear of the ground and a prestress is applied to the slab after or during lifting of the slab. The jacking means may be applied to lift and support each slab by forming a plurality of holes in spaced positions in each slab through which jacking thrust bars can project down to the surface of the ground beneath the slab or preferably on to a bearing plate on the ground. The jacking means may comprise a block 25, Fig. 3 secured on the underside of the slab 2 when cast, and having a threaded bore 26 adapted to receive a screw threaded lower end 29 of a rotatable thrust bar 28. The block 25 is located at the lower end of a steel lining tube 27. Alternatively hydraulic or pneumatic jacking means 16 may be applied between the upper end of the thrust bar 9, Fig. 1 and a stirrup 10 which is wedged into a steel tube 3 lining the hole 1 in the slab 2. After the jacking operation is completed the stirrup 10 and the bar 9 may be locked together by means of a clamp 17 and opposed serrated surfaces 18, so as to enable the jacking means 16 to be removed whilst maintaining the support of the slab at this point. In an alternative embodiment, each slab is lifted by water injected under pressure underneath the slab through non-return valves 36, Fig. 4 and tubes 35a lining holes 35 in the slab. In order to prevent escape of water from beneath the slab a thin waterproof membrane 38, e.g. of polyethylene sheet is provided. A layer of coarse sand 39 is laid over the membrane 38 and is covered by a layer of building paper 40. The membrane 38 is turned back inwardly at its margins 41 to overlie the margins of the building paper 40. A number of drainpipes 42 are provided for draining water from below the slab after the lifting operation.
Patent GB-295223-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to signal apparatus associated with electrically controlled machinery
IPC: F16P3/00
Filed: 1927-04-05
Abstract: 295,223. Billingsley, A. E. April 5, 1927. Lamp signals.-In machinery controlled electrically by push buttons &c. warning of the starting, stopping or other operation is given prior to the operation by the lighting or dimming of electric lamps connected to a switch or switches automatically operated by the electrical control means. Fixed and rotary discs 1, 2 mounted coaxially carry insulated contacts and brushes 6 respectively so that when the disc 2 is rotated by the motor 3 through a worm gear the contacts co-operate in certain positions to allow the machinery to be started &c. In the present apparatus, the machines cannot be started until the disc 2 is rotated through 180‹ from the position shown. The disc 2 has insulated conducting rings 7, 10 which are electrically connected. The brushes are so shaped and mounted that they engage the face of the discs at their tips only. The brush 8 always engages the ring 7 and the brushes 11, 12 engage the ring 10 except when the insulated gap 13 passes. The brushes 11, 12 are connected to the starting switches (not shown) by leads 11<1>, 12<1>, the brush 8 being connected to the armature of the motor 3. With the parts as shown in Fig. 3, when a switch or push button is depressed the master circuit is closed through the brushes 8, 11 and the ring 10 and the disc 2 is rotated until the insulated piece 13 moves under the brush 11. When the current to the machine is cut off prior to stopping, the circuit of the motor 3 is closed through the brushes 8, 12 and the disc 2 rotated to its original position. The disc 2 is provided with insulated segments 17, 27, 28 which are adapted to co-operate with brushes 15 and 23-26 in the circuit of signal lamps. On starting the motor 3 the segment 27 leaves the brushes 23, 24 breaking the circuit of white lamps 19 which passes through main leads 22, 30 and a fuse board 20, the stop 28 remaking the circuit immediately through brushes 25. 26 and resistance 19 causing the lamps to dim. At the same time the segment 17 makes the circuit of red lamps 14 through brushes 15. The red lamps remain lighted and the lamps 19 dimmed until the disc 2 has rotated through nearly 180‹ when the segment 17 breaks contact with brushes 15 and segment 28 breaks contact with brushes 25, 26, the segment 27 remaking contact with brushes 23, 24, restoring the white lamps to original brilliance.
Patent GB-984399-A (GB)
Title: Estrene derivatives
IPC: C07J17/00
Filed: 1963-03-08
Abstract: The invention comprises 3-(21-tetrahydropyranyloxy) - 17a  - ethynyl - estra - 2,5(10) dien - 17b  - ol and 3 - (21 - tetrahydropyranyloxy) - 17a  - vinylestra - 2,5(10) dien - 17b  - ol, and a process for preparing 17a -vinylestra-5(10) - en - 17b  - ol - 3 - one by reducing 3-(21 - tetrahydropyranyloxy) - estra - 1,3,5(10)-trien - 17 - one or 3 - (21 - tetrahydropyranyloxy) - estra - 1,3,5(10 trien - 17b  - ol in liquid ammonia by an alkali metal in the presence of an alcohol to give 3-(21-tetrahydropyranyloxy)-estra - 2,5(10) dien - 17b  - ol, oxidizing this product with aluminium isopropoxide and cyclohexanone in a nitrogen atmosphere to give 3 - (21 - tetrahydropyranyloxy) - estra - 2,5(10)-dien - 17 - one, treating this product with acetylene and potassium tertiary amylate or tertiary butylate to give 3-(21-tetrahydropyranyloxy) - 17a  - ethynylestra - 2,5(10)-dien - 17b  - ol, hydrogenating this product with palladium in dioxane and pyridine to give 3 - (21 - tetrahydropyranyloxy) - 17a  - vinyl-estra - 2,5(10 - dien - 17b  - ol, and treating this product with oxalic acid in an alcohol to give the desired 17a -vinylestra-5(10) en-17b -ol-3-one.  17a  - Ethynylestra - 5(10) - ene - 17b  - ol - 3-one is obtained by treating 3-(21-tetrahydropyranyloxy-) - 17a  - ethynylestra - 2,5(10)-dien-17b -ol with oxalic acid in an alcohol. Specification 863,400 is referred to.
Patent GB-689359-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to flint dispenser
IPC: B65D83/00
Filed: 1951-04-23
Abstract: 689,359. Flint dispensers. ZIPPO MANUFACTURING CO. April 23, 1951 [May 26, 1950], No. 9372/51. Class 18 A flint dispenser comprises one or more tubes 16 fitting into bores 14 in a holder 10, the tubes carrying the flints 13 and seating on ejecting rods 15. In ejecting a flint, the holder is placed with the end of a tube 16 entering the flint tube of a lighter and pressed downwardly. Whereby the tube 16 is forced further into the bore 14 and the rod 15 ejects the flint. The tubes 16 may be semitransparent and the holder may be of moulded plastic.
Patent GB-1418075-A (GB)
Title: Self advancing support device for coal and ore extraction works
IPC: E21D23/04
Filed: 1973-02-26
Abstract: 1418075 Advancing mine roof supports CHARBONNAGES DE FRANCE 26 Feb 1973 [28 Feb 1972] 9400/73 Heading E1P In an advancing mine roof support system for a longwall face incorporating supports of lift and "walk" construction each roof beam 1 is connected to a continuous supporting shaft 11 extending along the face by means of a sliding coupling disposed inside the said beam. The bottom of the beam forms a slide 5 slidably received in stirrups 6, 7 which are interconnected by a bar 8 and have elongated holes 10 to receive shafts 11, 12. A continuous shield 23 is provided on the goaf side connected to lifting jacks 24; bracing jacks and bracing rods 17, 18 also being provided, as shown. In a modification, see Fig. 3 (not shown), each support is provided with an adjustable front shield to support the coal face and the system is provided with a shield in the form of a curtain fixed to an articulated frame.
Patent GB-310465-A (GB)
Title: Delivery mechanism for goods piled in crosswise formation
IPC: G07F11/04
Filed: 1929-03-23
Abstract: 310,465. Ramsey, A. R. J., (Briefpapier- Automaten-Ges. R. Sch÷pf & Co). March 23, 1929. [A Specification was laid open to inspection under Sect. 91 of the Acts, April 27, 1929]. Delivery of articles stored in piles. - Paper goods are piled cross-wise in a magazine and are supported by rollers 25, Fig. 2, which are conical in shape or are mounted in an inclined position to allow for the central sag of the articles. The rollers are swivelled, to allow one article at a time to drop, by a rod 29, the rod acting through a lever system 30 - - 35. The Specification, as open to inspection under Sect. 91 (3) (a) comprises also coin controlled mechanism for actuating the rod 29. Coin action, mechanical-connection.-By means of a handle 12, Fig. 1 (Cancelled), and gears 10, 11 a shaft is rocked, the shaft carrying a clutch disc 13, Fig. 5 (Cancelled), which is provided with a slot 14 for a coin 19 and with a weight 18. The disc 13 works between stops and, when it is rocked by the handle, a spring 16, tending to return it to its initial position, is put under tension. The coin in the slot 14 rests on either of two springs 20, 20<a> on a member 6 fixed to a shaft 2, the member 6 having wings 7, 7a one of which is engaged by the coin so that the shaft 2 is given a half-revolution for each coin inserted. The upper edge of the coin engages a guard 17 which keeps the coin in position and compresses the spring on which it is resting. This spring ejects the coin when the clamping pressure between the disc 13 and the member 6 is released. When the handle 12 is released, the weight 18 acts first against the spring 16 to delay the return of the dics 13 and allow time for the coin to be discharged so that it does not strike the lower end of the guard 17. When the weight 18 has passed its highest point, it assists the spring 16. Unidirectional movement of the shaft 2 is ensured by a pawl and ratchet 4, and the shaft 2 has a crank disc 1 for operating the delivery mechanism. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.
Patent GB-1136562-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture of pile fabrics
Inventor: RUSHTON ALLAN EDWARD JOHN
IPC: D04H11/04
Filed: 1965-03-05
Abstract: 1,136,562. Pile fabrics. DEBRON CARPETS Ltd. 4 March, 1966 [5 March, 1965], No. 9552/65. Heading D1K. To prevent the pleated pile yarns 12 from rising off the base plate 16 as they emerge from the tunnel 18, an open mesh fabric 30 is laid on top and incorporated in the backing material supplied from a hopper 22. The pile yarns are also supported as described in Specification 1,117,732 by an interleaved sheet of paper 14 which enables suction to be applied by a manifold 29, the paper being removed through a slot 28. The open mesh fabric 30 may be fed through the tunnel 18 or through a slot in the top of the tunnel; a sheet of yarns may be used instead of a fabric. Backing material may be subsequently applied to the other side of the pleats and the structure then cut into two pile fabrics.
Patent GB-128251-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to Projectiles.
Inventor: CLOSE JAMES BROOKS
IPC: F42B30/04
Filed: 1917-07-03
Abstract: 128,251. Close, J. B. July 3, 1917. Projectile fuses.- Relates to percussion fuses for rifle grenades and the like, of the kind comprising locking members, such as balls, held in engagement with a striker by a movable sleeve. According to the invention, the fuse comprises a direct-action striker G having a projecting mushroom head or the like G<1>, balls or the like E located in holes in a fixed sleeve D in which the striker is mounted, a movable sleeve H which normally holds the parts E in locking engagement with the striker, and means, such as one or more shear wires J, for preventing rearward movement of the sleeve H until the projectile is discharged. In the grenade shown in Fig. 2, the sleeve H sets back on discharge, shearing the ends of the wire J. The central part of the wire continues to hold the striker until it is driven in by impact. The sleeve H is prevented from rebounding, after setting back, by jamming on an enlarged part D<1> of the fixed sleeve. Instead of having the ends of the wire J extended through the sleeve H, blade springs may be provided to support the sleeve in its normal position. Fig. 6 shows a modification in which the movable sleeve H is screwed on to the fixed sleeve and is provided with vanes H<1> so as to be screwed back to the armed position by air resistance during Sight. The casing of the detonator B which is preferably employed is a small-arm carriage. The Provisional Specification 9566/17 also describes a fuse in which ball safety-members are not provided, the striker being normally held by a shear wire and a creep spring. Modifications are also described in which various friction devices are employed for holding an inertia sleeve which controls balls for locking the striker. The Provisional Specification 11005/17 describes, in addition, arrangements in which the movable sleeve is held by one or more wires which offer greater resistance to shearing than the wire by which the striker is retained.
Patent GB-255142-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to gas and liquid contact apparatus and methods
IPC: B01J19/32
Filed: 1925-04-14
Abstract: 255,142. Jackson, W. J. Mellersh-, (Koppers Co.). April 14, 1925. Scrubbers and washers.-A scrubbing tower for treating gases with liquids, e.g. purifying coal gas from hydrogen sulphide &c. contains filter material comprising alternate strata of distributive and contact elements 22, 28. The elements 22 comprise trays of superposed layers of bars diamond-shaped in cross section, and having surfaces oblique to the flow of the media; the contact elements 28 comprise bars of rectangular cross section and having surfaces parallel to the flow of the media. The bars are stacked so that those of each tray run at 45' to those of the next tray, and are supported on circumferential ledges 26 and diametral beams 21, Fig. 7. The gases are led into the tower through a pipe 14 and are bubbled into a sump of the purifying liquid through a manifold 141 and " cracker " pipes 140. Spray is prevented from reaching the filter material by a baffle plate 142. The purifying liquid is supplied from sprayers 16 and when spent is removed for regeneration by a pump 20. The apparatus may be used in the processes described in Specifications 238,172, 241,248, 255,140, 255,141 and 255,144.
Patent GB-943069-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to receivers for space vehicles
IPC: B64G3/00
Filed: 1962-03-13
Abstract: 943,069. Radio receiving systems; radio relaying systems. CSF-COMPAGNIE GENERALE DE TELEGRAPHIE SANS FIL. March 13, 1962 [March 20, 1961], No. 9718/62. Heading H4L. A space missile comprises a receiver for detecting solar spectral energy. One antenna 3 may be responsive to a spectrum frequency Fs of the sun, and another 4 to a frequency Fo equal to about ¢ Fs radiated from the ground to the missile. A local oscillator 6 of frequency Fe beats down Fs, Fo in a pair of mixers 7, 8 to frequencies (Fs-2Fe) and 2(Fo-Fe), whereupon the difference frequency Fs-2Fo is taken in a further mixer 9 so that any variations of oscillator frequency Fe is eliminated from the I.F. output. The local oscillator may be stabilized by an A.F.C. loop.