Patent GB-969006-A (GB)
Title: Method and apparatus for shaping and stretching beaded edge films
IPC: B29C48/08
Filed: 1962-09-25
Abstract: 969,006. Films. FMC CORPORATION. Sept. 25, 1962 [Jan. 3, 1962], No. 36436/62. Heading B5B. A film having enlarged hollow beads along its opposite longitudinal edges is made by shaping a flowable film-forming material into two independent and laterally spaced hollow streams of desired cross-section, concomitantly shaping the material into a flat stream extending between and spaced from the hollow streams of film-forming material, the flat stream being of substantially uniform cross-section throughout its width and of less thickness than the hollow streams of film-forming material, engaging said hollow streams with the longitudinal edges of said flat stream and setting the same, for instance by cooling, in their engaged positions to form a unitary structure. As shown in Fig. 3, a single stream of a molten polymer e.g. polypropylene is delivered through a supply conduit into an elongated housing 15 and is separated into three independent streams which move respectively into the extrusion orifice 69 (Fig. 5) and the end block channels 85 (Fig. 3). In passing through the extrusion orifice 69 the melt is shaped by the co-operating blades 53 (Figs. 3 and 5) into a flat stream 115 of uniform thickness along its width. The streams of melt forced outwardly from the ends of the feed chamber 65, however, are shaped by the walls of the channels 85, in the end blocks 57, and the walls of the gas delivery pipes 59 into continuous hollow beads 117, each thicker than the film 115. On starting-up, gas is not supplied through pipes 59, so that the hollow beads collapse and coalesce on passing the pipe outlets 91 to form a solid bead seal. Thereafter, gas supplied through pipes 59 inflates the hollow beads. The outlets 91 are aligned longitudinally with the orifice 69 so that the beads 117 engage with the adjacent edges of the film 115 immediately as they move beyond the notched edge 113 of the plates 55 (Figs. 1 and 7). Setting of the beaded film is effected by cooling, e.g. in a quench tank 17 (Fig. 2). The blades 53 are held in place on the housing 15 by bolts 75 and can be adjusted towards and away from each other by tension screws 77 and nuts 79. A valve 103 extends through each of the end blocks 57 for regulating the flow of melt into the channels 85. Merging of the beads and the flat film at any desired location may be achieved by the use of plates 55 of differing lengths. Thus the free edges of the plates may be within the nozzle itself or under other conditions may project beyond the outer surface of the blades 53. As shown, the outlets of the pipes 59 may be formed with inclined surfaces 91 and may be bent towards each other as at 92 so that the gas issuing therefrom urges the hollow streams 117 into contact with the flat stream 115. Seals 93 permit adjustment of the tubes 59 in the axial direction so that the outlets of the pipes may be positioned at various locations relative to the edges of the adjacent divider plates 55. The nozzle of Fig. 9 includes a main housing 151, shaping blades 153, divider plates 155 and end blocks 157 having inclined channels 185 through which extend gas delivery tubes 159. Seals 193 and valves 203 serve the same functions as the corresponding parts of the nozzle of Fig. 3. In operation, melt issuing from the end block channels 185 as hollow shaped streams 217 is directed toward the adjacent edges of a flat stream 215 shaped by the blades 153 thus providing a more snug engagement of the separately shaped streams, which is advantageous in highspeed operation. Films made as described are of uniform thickness across their entire width right up to their beaded edges, and the hollow beaded edges are sufficiently large to facilitate further processing of the film, yet can be more easily maintained at a desired temperature and elongated during stretching operations owing to their hollow construction. After quenching (Fig. 2) the film is advanced between nip rolls 35, 37 to preheater 23 and biaxially stretched by means of rolls 39, 41 and 27, 29 and tracks 25 which engage the beaded edges of the film and diverge in the direction of its travel. Specification 969,005 is referred to.