baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent JP-S57114288-A (JP)
Title: Manufacture of field effect transistor
Inventor: YAMAMOTO RIYUUICHIROU
IPC: H01L29/417
Filed: 1981-01-07
Abstract: PURPOSE:To improve the yield of manufacturing a field effect transistor by forming a gate electrode metal on a semiconductor crystal layer, then etching it to perform an anodic oxidation for the side face, depositing and removing the ohmic electrode metal on the surface of a wafer. CONSTITUTION:A GaAs crystal operation layer 4 is formed on a GaAs crystal layer 5 fored on a semiconductor crystal layer 6, a gate electrode aluminum 31 is deposited, and a photoresist 32 is formed in the prescribed pattern. With the pattern as a mask the aluminum 31 is selectively etched to form a gate electrode 33 without side etch. Further, an anodic oxidation film 34 is formed of the side face of the electrode 33. Then, an ohmic electrode metal AuGa/Ni 35 is deposited on the overall surface, and the photoresist 32 is then lifted off. Then the ohmic electrode metal thereon is removed. Further, the ohmic electrode metal 35 adhered to the side face of the film 34 is removed to obtain an ohmic electrode 36. Thereafter, the unnecessary part of the metal 31 is removed to obtain a gate electrode 1.
Patent OA-10229-A (OA)
Title: Self-diagnostic system for cellular-transceiver systems
Inventor: ORTIZ LUIS R
IPC: H04M3/08
Filed: 1995-09-18
Abstract: A self-diagnostic system for checking all functions of a cellular-transceiver system having a cellular-interface unit (10), which interface unit (10) couples a standard telephone set (T,R) to a cellular transceiver, which interface unit (10) converts the DTMF or pulse-type dialing signals into digital format for transmission to the cellular transceiver in which, the dialed number made on the landline telephone may be used to call a number over the cellular system. The present invention not only monitors and checks the proper functioning of the transceiver and associated power supply (figure 11), but will also monitor and check the interface unit (10).
Patent PH-23248-A (PH)
Title: Process for the preparation of quinolone-carboxylic acid
Inventor: PETERSEN UWE
IPC: C07D215/56
Filed: 1985-06-17
Abstract: The invention relates to quinolone carboxylic acids, pharmaceutical compositions containing said quinolone carboxylic acids and the use of said compounds and compositions for treatment of bacterial infection. Also included in the invention are process for the manufacture of the active quinolone carboxylic acids.
Patent PH-31286-A (PH)
Title: Process for making polyol fatty acid polyesters having oxidative stability.
Inventor: JOSEPH SARAMA ROBERT
IPC: C07H13/06
Filed: 1992-04-10
Abstract: Polyol fatty acid polyesters having improved oxidative stability are prepared using the addition of an alkaline material to the synthesized crude polyol fatty acid polyesters before conducting the finishing of the crude. The alkaline material is added in an amount such that the finished product has a pH of from about 6.0 to about 8.5.
Patent PH-30132-A (PH)
Title: 1-Substituted 1H-imidazo-[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amines
Inventor: GERSTER JOHN F
IPC: C07D401/12
Filed: 1992-08-31
Abstract: 1-substituted 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amines, active as immunomodulators and antiviral agents. Also, intermediates in the preparation of such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, and pharmacological methods of use.
Patent UY-31864-A (UY)
Title: Derivados de urea hetericíclica y métodos de uso de los mismos-332
Inventor: PAMELA HILL
IPC: A61K31/4709
Filed: 2009-06-03
Abstract: Se describen compuestos de fórmula (I) y sus sales farmacéuticamente aceptables. También se describen procesos para su preparación, composiciones farmacéuticas que los contienen, su uso como medicamentos y su uso en el tratamiento de infecciones bacterianas.
Patent UY-33940-A (UY)
Inventor: JUNG PIERRE JOSEPH MARCEL
IPC: A01N45/00
Filed: 2012-03-08
Abstract: Escanear figura I, página 4/39 SGDD
Patent UY-34936-A (UY)
Title: Composiciones herbicidas que contienen ácido 4-amino-3-cloro-5-flúor-6-(4-cloro-2-flúor-3-metoxi-fenil)piridin-2-carboxílico o un derivado del mismo y un inhibidor de la protoporfirinógeno oxidasa.
Inventor: CARLA YERKES
IPC: A01N43/40
Filed: 2013-07-23
Abstract: Se proporcionan, en el presente documento, las co mposiciones herbicidas que contienen una cantidad  herbicidamente efectiva de (a) un compuesto de l a fórmula (I)o un éster o una sal agrícolamente aceptable del mismo y (b) un inhibidor de la proto  porfirinógeno oxidasa. Las composiciones también  pueden contener un adyuvante o vehículo agrícolam ente aceptables. En el presente documento se desc riben también los métodos para controlar la veget ación no deseada, que comprende la aplicación de  (a) un compuesto de la fórmula (I) o un éster o u na sal agrícolamente aceptable del mismo y (b) un  inhibidor de protoporfirinógeno oxidasa, por eje mplo, acifluorfen, azafeniden, bifenox, etilcarfentrazona,  flumioxazina, ipfencarbazona,  oxadiargilo, oxadiazón, oxifluorfén, pentoxazona,  piraclonil, piraflufeno y saflufenacil, o una sal o éster  agrícolamente aceptable de los mismos.  Varias realizaciones se enumeran a continuación. En las fo rmas de realización, la relación del compuesto (a ) al compuesto (b) puede ser expresada en unidade s de peso a peso (g a g),  gae/ha a gae/ha o gae/ha a gai/ha.
Patent UY-35428-A (UY)
Title: ?azoles n-,c-disustituidos y composiciones y métodos para controlar plagas de nematodos?.
Inventor: URSZULA SLOMCZYNSKA
IPC: A61P33/10
Filed: 2014-03-14
Abstract: En la presente se proveen nuevos azoles N-,C-disustituidos y derivados de los mismos que exhiben actividad nematicida y son útiles, por ejemplo, en métodos para controlar nematodos no deseados.
Patent UY-37468-A (UY)
Title: Combinaciones fungicidas
Inventor: SHROFF JAIDEV RAJNIKANT
IPC: A01N47/14
Filed: 2017-11-03
Abstract: Una combinación que comprende un fungicida de ditiocarbamato, un fungicida de succinato deshidrogenasa y al menos uno de un inhibidor de la biosíntesis de ergosterol fungicida o un fungicida inhibidor exterior de quinona.
Patent UY-39129-A (UY)
Title: Derivados de biarilo como inhibidores de la interacción proteína-proteína de yap/taz-tead
Inventor: LORTHIOIS EDWIGE LILIANE JEANNE
IPC: C07D405/02
Filed: 2021-03-12
Abstract: La presente invención proporciona un compuesto de la fórmula (I) o una sal farmacéuticamente aceptable del mismo; (I) un método de elaboración de dicho compuesto, y sus usos terapéuticos. La presente invención proporciona además una combinación de agentes farmacológicamente activos y una composición farmacéutica que comprende dicho compuesto.
Patent YU-27797-A (YU)
Inventor: BOGDAN STANIC
Filed: 1997-06-27
Abstract: Uredjaj za zalivanje pogonjen pomoću hidro turbine predstavlja novo konstruktivno rrešenje u oblasti uredjaja za zalivanje. Konstrukcija uredjaja se sastoji u tome što se komplet sklopa turbine postavlja i fiksira u branu (1) i spoji sa pumpom (11). Uredjaj funkcioniše tako što se otvaranjem zatvarača (6) u smeru strelice (A) voda pušta u uvodni difuzor (2), prolazi kroz sprovodno kolo (3) do rotora turbine (4) delujući na lopatice (20), okreće vratilo (9), a preko spojnice (10) i vratilo (17) pumnpe (11) koja potiskuje vodu kroz odvodnu cev (14) do potrošača.
Patent YU-28594-A (YU)
Inventor: PAVLE JUGOVIC
Filed: 1994-05-19
Abstract: Kombinovani prekidač "JUGOP" je konstruktivni spoj radijalnog utikača i prekidača. Pronalazak ima cilj da reši problem isključivanja brojnih električnih aparata koji se nalaze u upotrebi a nemaju na adekvatan način rešen prekidač. U nacrtu pronalaska saglediva je suština tehničkog rešenja. Kod montaže kabla broj radnih operacija je isti kao i kod običnog utikača. Ukupna visina u odnosu na standardni radijalni utikač povećana je za 13 mm. Modifikovani poklopac 4 je preko zavrtnja i čaure 5 u čvrstom spoju. Poklopac 1 koji predstavlja celinu sa obrtnim prekidačem je rotaciono pokretljiv. Ova mogućnost obezbedjuje tehničko rešenje prekidača.
Patent YU-34588-A (YU)
Title: Avtomatska vpenjalna naprava za kontejner
Inventor: CIGAN M
Filed: 1988-02-22
Abstract: AVTOMATSKA VPENJALNA NAPRAVA ZA KONTEJNER Standardni zabojnik (kontejner) s prigrajeno vpenjalno napravo je namenjen množičnemu prevozu blaga po sistemu od vrat do vrat v železniškem in cestnem prometu. Značilnost zabojnika je, da ga je mogoče z dvigalom z dvigom ali odlaganjem istočasno vpeti ali izpeti na tovorno ploskev vagona ali kamiona. Za varen in zanesljiv prevoz v najtežjih prometnih pogojih zabojnika ni potrebno dodatno zavarovati ali vezati. Sama vpenjalna naprava in njeno delovanje je opisano v priloženem opisu in rizbah zabojnika.
Patent YU-51196-A (YU)
Inventor: UROS KOBILAROV
Filed: 1996-05-24
Abstract: Predmet prijave patenta odnosi se na Infuzionu cediljku za čaj loptastog oblika sa drškom, potpuno izrađene od određene vrste plastike. Rešen je problem stabilnosti čaja i bolja cirkulacija vode kroz unutrašnjost cediljke sa čajem, pri čemu je praktično sprečeno ispadanje trunja iz cediljke. Suština pronalaska je u posebno konstruisanoj kaloti (1) sa središnom drškom (2) i kalotom (3), pri čemu kalote (1, 3) imaju nekoliko podjednako i simetrično razmaknutih radijalnih otvora (4) preko kojih je ulivena sitasta mreža (5). Na kaloti (3) su izvedeni isprekidani ivični kratki navoji (6) za spajanje sa kalotom (1). Da infuzor ne bi potonuo na dno suda za kuvanje čaja, koristi se račvasti graničnik (7) koji obuhvata račvom (8) dršku (2) a krakom (9) se osloni na ivicu suda. Postoje još dva varijantna rešenja spajanja kalote (10) sa bočnom drškom (2) i kalote (11) posredstvom račvaste zakačke (13) i poluloptaste zakačke (17), odnosno kružno-prstenaste zakačke (23) na kaloti (21), uz konusna ispupčenja (19) na kalotama (10) i konusna udubljenja na kalotama (11, 21) za nerazdvojni sklop.
Patent YU-54886-A (YU)
Title: Process for optic separating of racemic mixtures of alpha-naphtylpropionic acids
Inventor: CANNATA V
IPC: C07C51/487
Filed: 1986-04-07
Abstract: A new process for the optical resolution of racemic mixtures of a-naphthylpropionic acids of formula
Patent AT-A110390-A (AT)
Inventor: MATHIS HUGO DIPL ING
IPC: E04G11/28
Filed: 1990-05-17
Abstract: The arrangement is provided on a form for erecting a concrete wall, the form having at least one working platform (3) and large-area form panels (24), which are preferably of storey height and/or are difficult to handle. To erect the wall, the form panels (24) and the working platform (3) are progressively displaced in height by the height of the form panels (24). Rails (16) running horizontally at horizontal distances from one another and pivotable about a vertical axis are provided on a supporting frame (6) located above the form panels (24) of a form section and extending parallel to the working platform (3). A slide or carriage (18) is movably mounted on each of these rails (16). This slide or carriage carries on its side facing the form panel (24) a suspending anchor (22) which can be connected to the upper edge (23) of a form panel (24). The rail (16) is arranged on a gallows-like bracket (11) pivotable about a vertical axis. The gallows-like bracket (11) is articulated in the manner of a hinge on the supporting arm (6) provided above the working platform (3). 
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Patent AT-A128690-A (AT)
IPC: H04M19/08
Filed: 1990-06-13
Abstract: Described is a communications-transmission system, in particular a telephone system, in which subscribers are connected by a line with an exchange, a bidirectional multiplexer or demultiplexer (4, 4') being connected via a bidirectional modem (5, 5') at the exchange end and at the subscriber end, respectively, of the line (6), the modem modulating and demodulating the data, depending on the transmission. Connected to the multiplexers and demultiplexers (4, 4') are, respectively, bidirectional compressor and decompressor circuits (3, 3') to which the subscribers are connected via bidirectional analog/digital converters (2) or a switching device (11; 11') at the exchange via control circuits (2', 12, 13). Alternatively, the invention can call for a bidirectional modem (5, 5') to be connected at the exchange end and the subscriber end of the line (6), the modem modulating and demodulating the data depending on the transmission, a bidirectional compressor or decompressor circuit (17, 17') being connected to the modem and a bidirectional multiplexer or demultiplexer (18, 18') being connected to the compressor circuit or decompressor circuit, the subscribers being connected to the multiplexer or demultiplexer via bidirectional analog/digital converters (2) or a switching device (11; 11') at the exchange via control circuits (2'; 12; 13).
Patent BE-901424-A (BE)
Title: Cooking of food with oil - applied as fine droplets
IPC: A23L5/10
Filed: 1984-12-28
Abstract: In a process for cooking food, esp. for roasting meat, oil is projected in fine droplets onto the surface of the food to be cooked. - Specifically, the oil is dispensed from an aerosol can as an emulsion contg. 1-10% (esp. 1-4%), EtOH. The EtOH may contain 3-15% (esp. 4-8%) H2O. The oil is a vegetable oil, esp. soya, sunflower or ''cathane'' oil.
Patent BE-903644-A (BE)
Title: Filtre a cigarette
Inventor: SILBERSTEIN D A
IPC: A24D3/04
Filed: 1985-11-14
Abstract: Un filtre de cigarette (10) a un tampon filtrant poreux (12) avec un conduit longitudinal (14). A l'extrémité du filtre au contact du boudin de tabac se trouve une cloison (18) ayant un orifice traversant (20) de plus petite section transversale que celle du conduit (14). La cloison permet également à la fumée sortant du boudin de tabac de passer dans le tampon filtrant où la fumée est filtrée et diluée par de l'air de ventilation pénétrant dans le tampon filtrant en traversant une manchette (22) entourant le tampon filtrant.
Patent BE-904116-A (BE)
Title: Tissu non tisse.
IPC: D04H1/54
Filed: 1986-01-28
Abstract: Tissu non tissé pour essuyage comprenant : une couche interne (10) de fibres pratiquement thermoplastiques, choisies parmi les fibres d'acétate, les fibres acryliques, les fibres de vinyon, les fibres de polyoléfines, les fibres de polyamides, parmi lesquels le Nylon 6, et des mélanges de celles-ci,et au moins une couche externe (12) de fibres de longueur textile pratiquement non-thermoplastique, les fibres de ladite couche interne (10) ayant un point de fusion plus bas que les fibres de ladite couche externe (12) lesdites couches internes et externes étant liées thermiquement ensemble en une pluralité de points de liaison séparés (20), en retrait.
Patent BE-904800-A (BE)
Title: Stratifie de polymere de chlorure de vinyle.
IPC: D06N3/06
Filed: 1986-05-21
Abstract: Une couche de polymère de chlorure de vinyle plastifié et mise en composition, éventuellement sur un support tel qu'une étoffe, porte une couche extérieure durable, souple, adhérente et résistante aux souillures qui comprend le produit de réaction réticulé d'une résine de polyester réactif à radicaux carboxyle libres et d'une résine benzoguanamine-, urée ou mélamine- formaldéhyde alcoylée. La couche de polymère de chlorure de vinyle peut etre imprimée ou gaufrée ou bien imprimée et gaufrée.
Patent CA-1038683-A (CA)
Inventor: BOLLEN ROMAIN H
IPC: G03C5/17
Filed: 1974-09-06
Granted: 1978-09-19
Abstract: ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE     A combination of photosensitive materials suited for radiography comprising : (1)  a photosensitive silver halide recording material, which comprises a support and incorporates at least one silver halide emulsion layer, and (2)  at least one X-ray fluorescent intensifying screen material comprising a phosphor layer, characterised in that the screen contains (a) a phosphor or a phosphor mixture consisting wholly or mainly of a rare earth metal-activated lanthanum oxyhalide, said phosphor or phosphor mixture having more than half its spectral emission above 410 nm, more than half its visible light spectral emission between 400 and 500 nm, and its maximum of emission in the wavelength range of 400-500 nm and said phosphor layer having a coverage of 200 to 800 g of said lanthanum oxyhalide phosphor per sq.m, and (b) (a) dye(s) and/or pigment(s) absorbing light within the emission spectrum of said phosphor.
Patent CA-1048034-A (CA)
Title: (thiono)phosphoric(phosphonic) acid esters, their preparation and their use as insecticides and acaricides
Inventor: HOFFMANN HELLMUT
IPC: A01P7/04
Filed: 1974-10-08
Granted: 1979-02-06
Abstract: Abstract O-[3-methyl-1,2,4-triazole-(2,3-b)-thiazol(6)-yl]-(thiono)-phoshoric(phosphonic) acid esters of the formula                    (I) in which R is alkyl with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R' is alkyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkoxy with 1 to 6 carbon atoms or phenyl, R" is amino, monoalkylamino or dialkylamino with 1 to 4 carbon atoms in each alkyl moiety or alkoxy with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and X is oxygen or sulfur, which possess insectic?dal and acaricidal properties.
Patent CA-1048770-A (CA)
Title: Method for inhibiting spontaneous ignition in phosphides developing hydrogen phosphides
Inventor: WOLF FRIEDRICH
IPC: A01N59/26
Filed: 1974-11-13
Granted: 1979-02-20
Abstract: ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE:       Method for inhibiting spontaneous ignition of hydrogen phosphide arising from phosphides when hydrolysed comprising mixing with said phosphides organic compounds containing oxygen or nitrogen atoms or both bonded to their aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic carbon structures. This method permits a safe use of phosphides as fumigating agents against animal pest.
Patent CA-1052953-A (CA)
Inventor: VON DER ELTZ HANS-ULRICH
IPC: D06B15/00
Filed: 1975-01-17
Granted: 1979-04-24
Abstract: ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE         It is known to dye synthetic or natural fibers by the application thereto of a foam containing a dyestuff, a finishing agent or a mixture thereof.  In the known method the foam contains a relatively high water content resulting in uneven dying from squeezing the material so treated, or foam migration.          Furthermore in the prior art it was necessary to dry the fiber prior to foam impregnation.  The present invention overcomes these drawbacks by utilizing an impregnation foam having a water content of from 1 to 8% by weight.
Patent CA-1047050-A (CA)
Inventor: NISHIMURA KENJI
IPC: C07C/
Filed: 1975-01-24
Granted: 1979-01-23
Abstract: METHOD FOR ISOLATING        ITS AMMONIUM SALT            ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE 11-cyano-undecanioc acid is isolated in its ammonium salt in a high purity from a crude material by the method wherein the crude material containing 11-cyano-undecanoic acid is dissolved in an organic solvent consisting of one or more aromatic hydrocarbons having 6 to 8 carbon atoms, ammonium gas is introduced into the crude material solution to convert 11-cyano-undecanoic acid its ammonium salt, the resultant ammonium salt is crystallized from the solution and, thereafter, the crystallized ammonium salt is separated from the solution.
Patent CA-1048196-A (CA)
Inventor: SCHLESINGER SHELDON I
IPC: C08F2/48
Filed: 1975-01-30
Granted: 1979-02-06
Abstract: ABSTRACT     Polymerization of epoxides and mixtures of epoxides with lactones and vinyl compounds, polymerizable through the action of cationic catalysts, is controlled by pro-viding, in association with a radiation-sensitive catalyst precursor, a gelation inhibitor in the form of a cyclic amide in which the amide nitrogen atom contains unsubsti-tuted hydrogen.
Patent CA-1041782-A (CA)
Inventor: WILLITTS BENJAMIN R
IPC: F25B47/02
Filed: 1975-08-13
Granted: 1978-11-07
Abstract: AUTOMATIC DEFROST CONTROL FOR REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS                 ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE     A defrost control scans, in a predetermined sequence, the several evaporators of a refrigeration system of the type that is installed in a supermarket and that typically comprises a series of refrigerated food display cases in which the evaporators are mounted.  Individual to each evaporator is a defrosting means and a sensing device that operates to put the defrosting means in a standby, ready-to-operate condition whenever it senses that the evaporator is in need of defrost.          When the control means reaches, in the scanning sense, an evaporator whose defrosting means has been placed in a ready-to-operate condition, it acts to initiate actual operation of the defrosting means associated with that evaporator.  In these circumstances, the scanning of evaporators that follow in the predetermined sequence is temporarily arrested.  This assures against overloading of the defrosting means, which may typically be of the "hot gas" type, and hence particularly sensitive to overloading.
Patent CA-1046036-A (CA)
Inventor: KUHNEMANN KLAUS D
IPC: B65H54/32
Filed: 1975-11-12
Granted: 1979-01-09
Abstract: ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE         A vertically mounted high speed winding device for parallel piled textured yarns is disclosed,  The device has a vertical friction roller driven at a constant high speed and adapted to rotate a package by surface contact.  The device also includes a traversing mechanism embodying a L-shaped lever rotatably attached at its apex to a layrail which is adapted to reciprocate longitudinally of the package at a constant stroke length.  One arm of the L-shaped lever carries a traverse modulating yarn guide e.g. an eccentrically mounted rotatable disc.  The other arm of the L-shaped lever is pivotably connected to a slide block slidable in a U-track which is pivotable about a horizontal axis.  A cam means is provided for changing the angular position of the U-track with increasing package diameter for the production of conical ended packages.  The winding device is useful for the high speed winding of parallel plied textured yarn in packages from which the yarn may be fed directly to knitting machines and in which the yarn wound thereon exhibits high bundle cohesion.
Patent CA-1065517-A (CA)
Title: Thermoplastic moulding compositions consisting of organic cellulose esters and copolymers of olefinically unsaturated nitriles and conjugated diolefins
Inventor: PRINZ RICHARD
IPC: C08L33/02
Filed: 1976-03-10
Granted: 1979-10-30
Abstract: THERMOPLASTIC MOULDING COMPOSITIONS CONSISTING OF ORGANIC CELLULOSE ESTERS AND COPOLYMERS OF OLEFINICALLY UNSATURATED         NITRILES AND CONJUGATED DIOLEFINS              Abstract of the Disclosure Thermoplastic moulding compositions comprising A) 1 to 99 % by weight of at least one cellulose ester of an aliphatic carboxylic acid, B) 99 to 1 % by weight of a copolymer of olefinically unsatu-rated nitriles and conjugated diolefins and which may optionally be modified with C) up to 35 % by weight of a low molecular weight plasticiser, the sum total of components A, B and C amounting to 100 % by weight.
Patent CA-1043752-A (CA)
Inventor: CHERIS ALBERT B
IPC: A47G27/02
Filed: 1976-03-30
Granted: 1978-12-05
Abstract: ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE      An improved carpet runner for self-service sales in dis-count stores or the like without the need for assistance of a clerk.  The runner includes an elongated web of flexible, liquid-impervious plastic material having on one side thereof a plurality of projections for gripping the nap of an underlying carpet.  The improved runner includes a plurality of substantially equally spaced, liquid-impervious, transverse lines of weakening extending across the web so that a desired predetermined length of the web may be easily separated from the remainder of the web along a de-sired one of the lines of weakening without the use of a tool.
Patent CA-1053361-A (CA)
Inventor: KIRKLAND ROBERT E
IPC: G01S3/46
Filed: 1976-04-20
Granted: 1979-04-24
Abstract: BEAM FORMER UTILIZING GEOMETRIC SAMPLING         Abstract Samples of signals received by elements responsive to incident radiation, such as an array of sonar transducers, are obtained as exponents of the base two by a successive approxi-mation register and decoder coupled together in a feedback loop by a comparator and a digital-to-analog converter.  Weighting of samples from the individual transducers is obtained by adding scaling exponents to the sample exponents.  Combining of samples to form a beam of received radiation is accomplished by summing together the antilogarithms of selected weighted samples.