baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1237662-A (GB)
Title: Method for manufacturing semiconductor device with passivation film
IPC: C23C8/00
Filed: 1969-05-02
Abstract: 1,237,662. Semi-conductor devices. HITACHI Ltd. 2 May, 1969 [7 May, 1968 (2)], No. 22634/69. Heading H1K. A method of forming a passivation film to protect the surface of a semi-conductor device comprises the steps of cleaning the surface of a silicon substrate 1 containing base 3 and emitter 4 regions by etching with hydrofluoric acid solution to remove the silicon oxide remaining after the diffusion process, etching with a mixture of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid and washing in alcohol and pure water to clean the surface, drying, heating the device in a tetraethoxysilane atmosphere to form a pyrolytic silicon oxide film 5, heating in an atmosphere containing phosphorus oxychloride and oxygen to form a phosphorus oxide layer over the silicon oxide layer, these two layers combining and forming a glass mixture layer 7a and a surface layer 7b rich in phosphorus oxide, and forming a second pyrolytic layer 8 of silicon oxide by decomposition of tetraethoxysilane as before to isolate the hygroscopic phosphorus oxide from the atmsophere. After provision of aluminium electrodes and leads, the device is embedded in epoxy resin. In a further embodiment, a deposited layer of aluminium is provided in place of the silicon oxide layer 8 and the device is heated to convert the phosphorus oxide layer into a glass film composed of a mixture of alumina, phosphorus oxide and silicon oxide. A final protective layer of silicon oxide, electrodes and leads are provided and the device embedded in epoxy resin as before. A11 depositions of passivating layers and treatments, after diffusion of impurities to form the base and emitter regions, take place at temperatures less than 900‹ C. Other organoxysilanes used in the method may be propoxysilane, methoxysilane or monosilane.
Patent GB-1457994-A (GB)
Title: Method of determining dynamic strains in composite structures
IPC: G01L1/00
Filed: 1975-05-23
Abstract: 1457994 Determining strain in viscoelastic structures ALLIED CHEMICAL CORP 23 May 1975 [2 Dec 1974] 22641/75 Heading G1S [Also in Division B7] To determine the strain amplitudes of the two principal components of a structure such as a vehicle tyre composed principally of two viscoelastic materials A and B one of which shows non-linear viscoelastic behaviour under strain due to cyclic straining with heat generation; (i) the rates of heat generation Q per unit volume of samples of each material, due to cyclic straining, are determined at a set of temperatures by hysteresis measurements at sets of strain amplitudes # A  for material A and # B  for material B; (ii) for each pair of strain amplitudes # A , # B , the steady state temperatures at two selection positions P, P' in the structure are calculated by computer, using finite difference approximations at successive positions through the structure, to solve the heat balance equation. where Q is the heat generation measured in step (i) q is a space co-ordinate, # is density, Cp is heat capacity/unit mass, T is temperature, and K is the coefficient of thermal conductivity; (iii) the computed sets of temperatures at positions P, P' are represented as functions of strain amplitudes # A  for each value of # B ; (iv) the steady state temperatures Tp, Tp' at positions P, P' are experimentally measured, during a specified straining cycle, e.g. using thermocouples embedded in the structure; and (v) the curve of # A  versus # B  at temperature Tp is selected from those drawn up in (iii), as is the curve of # A  versus eg at temperature T p ', and the desired strain amplitudes are determined by observing the intersection of the two curves. The method is useful for determining strain amplitudes in the sidewalls and shoulders of vehicle tyres comprising cross-linked rubbers showing linear viscoelastic behaviour and reinforcing cords of nylon or polyethyleneterephthalate showing non-linear viscoelastic behaviour.
Patent GB-938389-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to apparatus for supplying electric signals which represent digital information read from a perforated tape
Inventor: PENNY MICHAEL FRED
IPC: G06K7/10
Filed: 1961-06-22
Abstract: 938,389. Sensing record tapes. GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. Ltd. Aug. 29, 1962 [June 22, 1961], No. 22649/61. Class 106 (1). Perforated record tape is sensed photoelectrically in an apparatus consisting of a long filament lamp 33, Fig. 2, inside a housing having concave surfaces 34, 35, 36, those 34 and 36 being cylindrical about the axis of the lamp and the surface 35 being elliptical having as foci the axis of the lamp and the point being sensed on the record tape 2. Photodiodes 27 below the tape produce data signals and timing pulses from the perforations and the sprocket tracks on the tape. The tape is fed through the sensing station by rollers 13, 14 which are brought together to initiate the feed. In the open position brake pads 12 and 15 engage the tape. Loops of tape are maintained on each side of the reading position in housings 7 and 8, the loops being sensed by photo-electric means 20, 26 controlling servo mechanism 17, 18 driving the feed rollers 5, 6 and 9, 10.
Patent GB-1068317-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to solvent recovery apparatus
Inventor: FOXCROFT JOHN RONALD
IPC: D06F43/08
Filed: 1964-06-02
Abstract: 1,068,317. Adsorption apparatus for solvent recovery. CROFTSHAW (ENGINEERS) Ltd. Aug. 31, 1965 [June 2, 1964], No. 22863/64. Heading B1L. A solvent recovery apparatus comprises a bed adsorpent material supported in a mesh or gauze basket 4 in a casing 3 with inlet 6 and outlet 7 for solvent-laden gas and inlet 31 for regenerating medium (e.g. steam), the casing being surrounded by housing I with inlet 9 and outlet 11 for gas and inlet 13 from trough 12 for water by which the gap between the casing and the housing may be flooded to seal off 9 and 11 and turn the casing into a condenser. Condensed steam and solvent may be removed at 19 to separator 24 by overflow pipe 28. Specified adsorbents are active carbon and silica gel. Heating coils 5 are to heat the incoming solvent laden gas so as to drive off any condensed steam remaining on the adsorbent which would impair its efficiency.
Patent GB-338934-A (GB)
Title: Process for the manufacture of reinforced concrete
IPC: B28B23/12
Filed: 1929-07-25
Abstract: 338,934. Freyssinet, E., and Seailles, J. Nov. 19, 1928, [Convention date]. Addition to 338,864. Moulding reinforced concrete.-The process described in the parent Specification for reinforcing concrete articles by using high tensile steel reinforcing members subjected to an initial tension substantially greater than the elastic limit of the steel normally used for reinforcing concrete is applied to the reinforcing of concrete structures generally. Grooves or pipes may be left in the structure to form housings for the reinforcing members, which may then be tensioned after the concrete has set. The application of the process to various structural elements is described in the Specification.
Patent GB-485551-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in vacuum cleaners
IPC: A47L5/36
Filed: 1936-08-20
Abstract: 485,551. Vacuum cleaners. COOPERSTEWART ENGINEERING CO., Ltd., and REYNOLDS, A. Aug. 20, 1936, No. 22919. [Class 8 (i)] Comprises a valve casing attachment for a vacuum cleaner or other apparatus of the type adapted at will to be used for suction or blowing. The-casing comprises a chamber 20 containing a rotatable, ported cylindrical valve, which is connected by branches 13, 14 to the inlet and outlet branches 4, 5 of the cleaner, &c. and which has a branch 15 for suction or blowing connected by a pipe 16 to the top of the casing. A cylindrical casing 1 with a motor 2 and fan 3 has a suction inlet 4 and a blowing outlet 5. The pipe 4 is connected to a pipe 6 bent round to lie in close juxtaposition to the outlet 5. The curved section constitutes a, handle. The pipes 5, 6 are connected by pipes controlled by a valve 8 with through-ways 17, 18, 17a, 18a respectively arranged at right-angles and furnished with a gauze, grating 19, &c. In one position the vacuum cleaner operates normally, When. the valve is turned through 90‹ or other desired angle, the connections are changed over so that the suction pipe will serve as a blower. In a modification, the byepass 16 may be eliminated, and one of the through-ways inclined. The apparatus may be employed as an attachment for a large factory compressor whereby it may be converted into a suction plant or vice versa.
Patent GB-402552-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in hank-twisting machines
IPC: B65H54/56
Filed: 1932-08-16
Abstract: 402,552. Twisting hanks. CAZZADORI, V., Rivarolo Canavese, Turin, Italy. Aug. 16, 1932, No. 22980. [Class 120 (iii).] A mechanically operated hank-twisting machine starts work automatically when a hank hung upon its hook is stretched with a pre-determined force. The machine is provided with means for adjusting the number of twists imparted to the hank, and means for automatically stopping the machine, when twisting is completed, and for resetting it. Mechanism may also be provided for counting the number of hanks treated. The hank M is looped over the hook 11 and pulled, this displaces the spindle 10, which is slidably mounted in and keyed to the screwed shaft 6, whereby the clutch member 14 is brought into engagement with the rotating clutch member 16, also the lever 19 is rocked and the rod 20 withdrawn from the path of the pin 21 mounted on the wheel 22. The latter immediately rotates, and the cam 24 allows a pin 25, rods 26, 29, and roller 30 to fall and so maintain the clutch members 14, 16 in driving engagement. The drive is transmitted through the clutch to the hooked spindle 10 and screwed shaft 6, whereby the hank is twisted and the weight P raised. The nut 7 travels along the screwed shaft 6 until it encounters an adjustable stop 9b, whereupon rotation of the screwed shaft is prevented and the driving belt slips on the pulley 16, whilst the operative removes the hank. The wheel 22 and cam 24 continue to rotate until the roller 30 is lifted clear of the clutch member 14, when the spring 17 returns the parts to their starting positions, the weight P runs down, rotates the spindle 10 and screwed shaft 6 and returns the nut 7 to its original position, as shown. Counting mechanism may comprise a ratchet and pawl actuated for every lift of the rod 26.
Patent GB-368653-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to television systems
IPC: H04N5/265
Filed: 1931-08-14
Abstract: 368,653. Television transmitters. MARCONI'S WIRELESS TELEGRAPH CO., Ltd., Marconi House, Strand, London.-(Assignees of Goldsmith, A. N. ; 450, West End Avenue, New York, U.S.A.) Aug. 14, 1931, No. 22999. Convention date, Aug. 14, 1930. [Class 40 (iii).] The transmission of one object A is faded out and transmission of another object B simultaneously faded in. Each object is transmitted by a separate scanning disc 29, 63, lightsensitive cell 31, 67, and amplifier 41, 77. The plates of the amplifying valves are connected to the common primary 57 of a transformer 59 through a potentiometer with resistances 47, 82 so arranged that, when a control element 51 inserts a maximum resistance in series with the one valve, a minimum resistance is in series with the other, and vice versa. According to modifications the control is effected by varying the current supplied to illuminants 1, 3, Fig. 2 (not shown), or by inserting discs of variable transparency and with a common control between the illuminants and the objects, Fig. 3 (not shown), or between the objects and the light-sensitive cells, Fig. 4 (not shown).
Patent GB-1060631-A (GB)
Title: Detachable bull-dozer attachment for dumper vehicles
Inventor: ENGLAND REGINALD JOHN
IPC: E02F3/76
Filed: 1963-06-10
Abstract: 1,060,631. Dozers. WINGET Ltd. June 9, 1964 [June 10, 1963], No. 23005/63. Heading E1F. Dozer unit for association with a dumper vehicle comprises a dozer blade-carrying frame that is to be pivoted to the chassis of the vehicle outwards of the adjacent road wheels of the chassis and to the skip of the vehicle by a link disposed outwards of the pivot between the skip and the chassis so that swinging of the skip will cause vertical adjustment of the blade.
Patent GB-242603-A (GB)
Title: Liquid and air or other gas separator
IPC: B05B7/24
Filed: 1925-09-15
Abstract: 242,603. Binks, H. D. Nov. 10, 1924, [Convention date]. Separators.-In a separator intended particularly for removing oil and water from compressed air used in paint and like spraying apparatus, the mixture of air and liquid is projected in a hollow conical spray from a spraying device 10 at the top of the inlet pipe 6 against conical baffle 13, the separated air being led off by a pipe 14 at the top of the baffle. The spraying device gives the mixture a whirling motion, and is preferably of the kind described in Specification 130,113, [Class 69 (iii), Spray-producers &c.]. The interior surface of the baffle is of step formation. A depending flange 19 at the bottom of the baffle fits closely against the separator casing, vertical slots being formed in the flange to allow separated liquid to pass from the upper part of the casing to the lower part. The air passes through small apertures 16 in the pipe 14 and is taken off through pipes 17 projecting into the casing below the apertures.
Patent GB-897161-A (GB)
Title: Photographic recording of physical variables
IPC: G01D15/14
Filed: 1960-07-01
Abstract: 897,161. Photographic recording means. SKALD, E. July 1, 1960 [July 10, 1959], No. 23074/60. Class 97(1). Means for photographically recording two physical variables comprises a casing 1 containing two mirrors 2, 3 rotatable about parallel axes and controlled respectively by said variables, a light source 4 for producing two beams of light 5, 6 each being reflected by a mirror on to a photographic screen 7, and two parallel pins 8, 9, rotatable about an axis 10 and positioned so that the light beam 5 is intermittently cut off by both pins and the light beam 6 by pin 9 only.
Patent GB-659737-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electron discharge devices
IPC: H01J21/06
Filed: 1947-08-20
Abstract: 659,737. Thermionic valves. STANDARD TELEPHONES & CABLES, Ltd. Aug. 20, 1947, No. 23094. Convention date, Aug. 20, 1946. [Class 39 (i)] A pentode comprises a screen grid G2 mounted upon an annular disc SG2 intermediate vitreous portions B1, B2 of the envelope, an anode A sealed to the other end of the vitreous portion B2, a cathode F and control grid G1 mounted on leads SF, SG1 sealed in the vitreous portion B1, , and a suppressor grid G3 mounted on a lead SG3 passing through and supported by the anode. If the output circuit is enclosed within a screen connected to the screen grid, the suppressor grid may be biassed negatively with respect to the anode without interrupting the screening between the input and output circuits. The anode has an end portion of smaller diameter coaxially surrounding the suppressor grid lead SG3 and supporting it by means of a glass collar B3. The anode carries cooling fins.
Patent GB-982814-A (GB)
Title: Fluorine-containing polymers for dental purposes
IPC: C08F259/08
Filed: 1961-06-26
Abstract: A fluorine containing polymer or copolymer for dental purposes is made by adding a copolymer of vinyl fluoride and perfluoropropene to methacrylic acid methyl ester or acrylic acid ethyl ester.  Powdered polymethacrylic acid methyl ester in pearl form mixed with benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide or chlorobenzoyl peroxide, or benzoyl peroxide together with cumolhydroperoxide are also added. Polymerization is carried out at a raised temperature or room temperature.ALSO:Dental prostheses, tooth fillings, maxillary orthopaedic devices and materials for linings and repairs are made of fluorine-containing polymers and copolymers.  A copolymer of vinyl fluoride and perfluoropropene dissolved in methacrylic acid methyl ester is made into a paste with powdered polymethacrylic acid methyl ester in pearl form into which benzoyl peroxide and lauryl peroxide are mixed.  The paste is moulded into a dental plate and polymerized. The fluorine-containing copolymer mixed with acrylic acid ethyl ester, benzoyl peroxide and cumol hydroperoxide may be rolled into plates which are stored in metal foil.  When desired the material is mixed with powdered polymer paste and polymerized.  The fluorine polymers and copolymers which may alternatively be used in a quantity up to 75% by weight of the resulting composition are polymers or copolymers of fluoro-olefines such as perfluorobutadiene, fluorized phenyl ethylene or fluorized vinyl and acrylic compounds.  The fluorine-containing copolymers are used with vinyl and/or acrylic compounds including acrylic nitrile, vinyl ester, vinyl ether and allyl compounds which may be added before or during polymerization.
Patent GB-620597-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to means for determining the thickness of surface coatings
IPC: G01B7/06
Filed: 1946-08-03
Abstract: 620,597. Magnetic tests and measurements. BIRMINGHAM SMALL ARMS CO., Ltd., SMYTH, C. N., BENNETT, R. S., and WALTON, K. Aug. 3, 1946, No. 23178. [Class 37] Apparatus for determining the thickness of a non-magnetic coating on a magnetic base comprises an electromagnet with a movable core 3 having a contacting face 4 ground to a hemispherical shape, connected by a spring 9 to a calibrated cylindrical bar 11, so that in operation the spring 9 is extended to pull the core 3 away from the coated base, and the force required to do so is indicated on the calibrated bar 11. The magnet is A.C. energized and causes a chattering sound just before the armature leaves the surface.
Patent GB-1182155-A (GB)
Title: Purifying and Refining Steels
Inventor: CORRADINI DANTE
IPC: C21C7/06
Filed: 1967-05-19
Abstract: 1,182,155. Refining steels with Al alloys. D. CORRADINI. May 19, 1967 [April 7, 1967], No.23327/67. Headings C7A and C7D. Carbon steels and alloy steels are refined by adding to the molten steel 0.01 - 0.16% of an alloy comprising: - Al 50 - 99.7% Li 0.3 - 8% rare earth(s) 0 - 13% Ca 0 - 8% Ba 0 - 2% Fe 0 - 20% B 0- 1.7% The alloy may be added to the bottom of the ladle before the steel is poured, may be plunged to the bottom of a filled ladle, or may be added in the furnace or ingot mould in shapes such as stars, grains or wires. The examples relate to the treatment of steels containing specified proportions of C, Mn, Si, P and S; and of 12/14 Mn steel.
Patent GB-912234-A (GB)
Title: An improved holder for the stub of an electric lamp bulb or other cylindrical part or member
Inventor: COOKE ROBERT SEYMOUR
IPC: H02B1/048
Filed: 1960-07-05
Abstract: 912,234. Lamp-holders. COOKE & CO. Ltd., HOWARD S. July 3, 1961 [July 5, 1960], No. 23393/60. Class 75 (4). [Also in Group XXV] A holder for a cylindrical member such as the stem of an electric lamp bulb comprises a slightly tapering tubular member a of resilient spring sheet material split along its length and provided at the mouth with outwardly directed lugs a2 which can rest on the front surface of a panel b and outward protrusions :a3. to engage the rear of the panel, inwardly directed protrusions a4 being provided at the opposite end to engage in a groove in the stem of the lamp.
Patent GB-1130598-A (GB)
Title: Extruded sheet
Inventor: KOMOLY THOMAS JOHN
IPC: B29C48/08
Filed: 1966-05-25
Abstract: 1,130,598. Extruding tunnelled sheeting. IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES Ltd. 14 April, 1967 [25 May, 1966], No. 23405/66. Heading B5A. [Also in Division E1] A sheet of thermoplastic polymeric material comprising face layers interconnected by struts is made by feeding polymer at 2 to a sheeting die 1 and extruding the material from the adjacent orifice around strut-forming mandrels 10, the struts so formed being given a corrugated form along the length of the sheet by transverse oscillation of the mandrels. Such sheeting may be used as a building material. The mandrels are mounted on a bar which extends outside the die and is connected by a link 9 to a wheel 8, see also Fig. 1 (not reproduced), and are adjustable longitudinally, individually or otherwise, so that tapered ends 14 create different strut thicknesses, Fig. 3 (not shown). The lips of the die may be adjusted by means not shown to vary the thickness of the sheet. The sheet is cooled internally by air admitted via inlet 15 and transmitted to the sheet via conduits 13 in the mandrels and is cooled externally by aircooled chambers (17), Fig. 2 (not shown), which preferably have porous contact plates (19), e.g. of sintered bronze. The external cooling may alternatively be effected by water bath, chilled rolls or air blowers. The sheet may be cut into lengths as at (5), Fig. 1 (not shown), downstream of draw-off means (6). Numerous thermoplastic polymers are mentioned, those specially preferred being polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC, polymethyl methacrylate, poly 4-methyl pentene 1 and high molecular weight polyamides and polyesters. The polymer may be foamed and additives such as fillers and reinforcing fibres may be incorporated.
Patent GB-1310469-A (GB)
Title: Process for production of cationic monoazo dyestuffs
IPC: C09B44/18
Filed: 1971-04-19
Abstract: 1310469 Preparation of basic monoazo dyes CIBA-GEIGY AG 19 April 1971 [9 March 1970] 23431/71 Heading C4P Basic monoazo dyes of formula wherein R 1  represents hydrogen or the methyl group, R 2  and R 3  represent, independently of each other, a phenyl group, a benzyl group, a lower alkyl or a lower #-hydroxyalkyl group, or R 2  and R 3  together with the nitrogen atom represent a morpholino group, X represents a charge equivalent of an anion and the benzene ring A is not further substituted or is further substituted by chlorine, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group, are reppared by a process wherein an azo dye of formula wherein A and R 1  to R 3  have the meanings given under Formula I is alkylated and quaternated at temperatures of 60-130‹ C. with dimethylsulphate in the presence of an at least hemistoichiometric amount of magnesium oxide in an aliphatic ketone with a boiling point of 60-130‹ C. as reaction medium, and the organic solvent then removed, at a pH-value of below 5, by steam distillation. The dyes give red shades on polyacrylonitrile fibres.
Patent GB-875486-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in cold-cathode stepping tubes
Inventor: HART MICHAEL JAMES
IPC: H01J17/48
Filed: 1957-07-24
Abstract: 875,486. Multi-gap cold-cathode tubes. MULLARD Ltd. May 8, 1958 [July 7, 1957], No. 23437/57. Drawings to Specification. Class 39(1). In a cold-cathode stepping tube as described in Specification 875,484 the marker electrode or electrodes is/are made shorter than the remaining outer electrodes.
Patent GB-258089-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in apparatus for indicating the position and speed of trucks, cages andthe like in mines
IPC: B66B3/02
Filed: 1925-09-21
Abstract: 258,089. Evans, D. Sept, 21, 1925. Index attachments. -A board 5 in the engine room on which the up and down shafts 7, 8 of a mine are depicted, has a series of adjustable pointers 9 mounted in front of it for indicating junctions, headings, &c. The shafts may be indicated by thin metal rods or tubes which can be bent to any desired shape. A speedometer 22 is driven from the shaft 14 of the cage or truck position indicator 21.