Patent GB-1210217-A (GB)
Title: Radio navigation system
Inventor: EARP CHARLES WILLIAM
IPC: G01S1/30
Filed: 1967-02-03
Abstract: 1,210,217. Radio navigation systems. STANDARD TELEPHONES & CABLES Ltd. 1 Feb., 1968 [3 Feb., 1967; 6 April, 1967], Nos. 5311/67 and 15796/67. Heading H4D. Specification describes a phase comparison navigation system of the Omega type, and is particularly concerned with errors due to wave propagation property variations along the wave paths. In the system using the receiver shown in Fig. 1, two spaced transmitters (A and B) simultaneously radiate equal frequency-phase locked signals, at successive frequencies f 1 , f 2  and f 3 . These signals are received and processed in respective r.f. stages 1A, 1B; 2A, 2B; 3A, 3B. A digital differential phase measuring device 1D determines the phase A difference between the f 1  signals and feeds a resultant signal to subtractors 5 and 9 and adder 7. If the differential distance between the transmitting stations and the receiver is D then if # 1  is the wavelengths of the f 1  signal for an assumed (standard) ionospheric height of h 0  If however the ionospheric height (i.e. propagation properties) along the wave path becomes non-standard at h 1 , then the phase difference A will change by an "error" # 1 , such that:- Similar phase difference measurements are determined for frequencies f 2  and f 3  in devices 2D and 3D respectively, whence So that all measurements are based on a common wavelength, sealers 4 and 8 multiply the outputs of devices 2D and 3D respectively by # 2 /# 1  and # 3 /# 1 , such that the outputs of the sealers can be represented as:- These signals are subtracted from signals Ah 0  and A h1  as appropriate, in subtractors 5 and 9, whence the outputs of 5 and 9 are. and respectively. The outputs of the subtractors are multiplied in sealers 6 and 10 by factors x and y respectively, and the resultant signals added to signals A h1  in adder 7, whence the output of the adder 7 is, for the error propagation condition h 1  Thus to remove the phase error # 1 , x and y are chosen such that If the procedure is repeated for an ionospheric height h 2  then similarly Thus two simultaneous equations are provided, enabling x and y to be obtained. A numerical example is given, TABLE B. Use of a large multiple such as x = 16À05 may lead to errors in the case of rapidly fluctuating ionospheric heights. A smoothing integrator (12) (Fig. 2, not shown) may be provided at the output of an adder (11) summing the outputs of the sealers 6 and 10 and the integrator output then feeds adder 7. If only frequencies f 1  and f 2  are used Fig. 3 (not shown) items 3A, 3B, 3D, 8, 9 and 10 may be disposed with, the equation to be solved now becoming This may result in a very high value of x, and to overcome this the second differential phase measurement may be at the difference frequency f 1 -f 2 , Fig. 4, where the equation becomes and scaler 26 has a multiplying factor of (# 1 -# 2 )/(# 1 ). With all three frequencies f 1 , f 2 , # 3  being used, both differential phase measurements may be at respective difference frequencies (f 1 -f 2 ) and (f 2 -f 3 ), Fig. 5. Sealer 18 having the factor (f 2 -f 3 )/(f 1 -f 2 ).