Patent GB-343098-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture and production of wetting, cleansing and dispersing agents
IPC: C11D1/12
Filed: 1929-08-07
Abstract: Open chain aliphatic or monocyclic aliphatic ketones containing at least eight carbon atoms in the molecule, or substitution products thereof free from aromatic nuclei and carboxy groups, are converted, by sulphonation, into products which are stable on heating with 10 per cent aqueous hydrochorlic acid and may be used as dispersing and scouring agents.  Suitable starting materials specified are stearone, halogenated, amino and hydroxy ketones, oximes, hydrazones and bisulphite compounds of ketones and mixtures thereof.  The sulphonic acids or their salts may be used in association with soaps, turkey red oils, sulphuric esters of high molecular alcohols, sulphonic acids of aliphatic or aromatic p  compounds, particularly polynuclear compounds, hydroxyalkylamines, quaternary ammonium bases or salts, protective colloids, e.g. glue, gelatine or vegetable mucilages or gums, salts, e.g. soda, sodium bicarbonate, waterglass, common salt, normal or acid sodium sulphate, organic solvents, e.g. ethylene glycol monocresylether, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, trichlorethylene or bleaching agents, e.g. perborates, percarbonates, or sodium-p-toluene-sulphonic chloramide.  In examples: (1) oleone, prepared by heating oleic acid with iron shavings is treated with oleum; (2) a solution of oleone in carbon tetrachloride is sulphonated with chlorsulphonic acid; (3) a solution of palmitone in carbontetrachloride is treated with gaseous sulphur trioxide.  The product gives a foam suitable for washing: (4) a mixture of ketones prepared by reducing tall oil with iron powder is sulphonated with chlorsulphonic acid in the presence of ether.ALSO:Wetting, cleansing, and dispersing agents are obtained by sulphonating aliphatic or monocyclic aliphatic ketones, containing at least eight carbon atoms in the molecule or substitution products thereof, free from aromatic nuclei and carboxy groups, under such conditions that sulphonic acids are formed which are not substantially saponified by heating with a 10 per cent aqueous hydrochloric acid solution.  This is effected by using temperatures above 40 DEG  C. when sulphuric acid is employed, and in the case of sulphonating ketones containing double bonds or hydroxy groups, using more than one molecular proportion of sulphonating agent for each molecule of ketone.  Mixtures of compounds containing the ketones may be used as starting material and halogen, hydroxy and amino ketones and oximes, hydrazones and bisulphites of ketones are also specified as suitable.  The sulphonation may be effected in the presence of inert diluents, e.g. carbon tetrachloride, trichlorethylene, nitrobenzene or acetic acid and of water binding agents, e.g. anhydrides or chlorides of organic or inorganic acids such as acetic anhydride, acetyl chloride or chlorides of phosphoric acids.  The products may be used in the textile, leather, and artificial silk industries, e.g. in dyeing, carbonizing, tanning, or spinning artificial silk.  They may be used as washing agents and for emulsifying and dispersing insoluble liquids or solids.  The sulphonic acids or their salts may be used in association with soaps, turkey red oils, sulphuric esters of high molecular alcohols, sulphonic acids of aliphatic or aromatic compounds, particularly polynuclear compounds, hydroxy-alkylamines, quaternary ammonium bases or salts, protective colloids, e.g. glue, gelatine, or vegetable mucilages or gums, salts, e.g. soda, sodium bicarbonate, water glass, common salt, normal or acid sodium sulphate, organic solvents, e.g. ethylene glycol monocresylether (obtained from ethylene chlorhydrin and crude sodium cresolate), cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, trichlorethylene or bleaching agents, e.g. perborates, percarbonates, or sodium p - toluenesulphonic chloramide.  In examples: (1) oleone, prepared by heating oleic acid with iron shavings is treated with oleum; (2) a solution of oleone in carbon tetrachloride is sulphonated with chlorsulphonic acid; (3) a solution of palmitone in carbontetrachloride is treated with gaseous sulphur trioxide.  The product gives a foam suitable for washing; (4) a mixture of ketones prepared by reducing tall oil with iron powder is sulphonated with chlorsulphonic acid in the presence of ether. The product emulsifies tetrahydronaphthalene in water. Specifications 246,507, 269,917, [both in Class 15 (ii), Dyeing, Processes &c. for], 303,281, [Class 2 (iii), Dyes &c.], 304,608, 313,861, [both in Class 15 (ii), Dyeing, Processes &c. for], and 343,872 are referred to.