baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20120024236-A (KR)
Title: Method for separation and purification of egcg from camellia sinensis leaf by ultra high pressure recrystallization
Inventor: JOO CHUL GUE
IPC: B01D9/00
Filed: 2010-09-06
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for isolating and purifying EGCG in green tea using ultra high pressure recrystallization is provided to save time and cost for extraction. CONSTITUTION: A method for isolating and purifying EGCG comprises: a step of adding solvent to dried and cut green tea plants to extract active ingredient EGCG; a step of obtaining powder containing EGCG from a solution; a step of adding two or more kinds of solvent to the powder to obtain a fraction containing active ingredient, EGCG; a step of adding solvent to the fraction containing EGCG; and a step of applying 50-1,000MPa of ultra high pressure.
Patent KR-20120025841-A (KR)
Title: Hand drier
Inventor: KIM SANG KUK
IPC: F24H3/02
Filed: 2010-09-08
Abstract: PURPOSE: A hand dryer is provided to improve cleaning feeling on the hand of a user by effectively eliminating a foreign material and bacteria in air. CONSTITUTION: A hand dryer includes a case(10), a proximity sensor(24), a control unit(40), a fan operating unit(30), and a heater(70), an ion generator(60), and a filter and ultra-violet ray sterilization lamp. The case includes an inlet(13), a discharging hole(12), and an air blowing hole(11). The proximity sensor senses the hand of a user. The control unit receives the sensing signal of the proximity sensor. The fan operating unit inflows air into the inlet.
Patent KR-20110063279-A (KR)
Title: Method and apparatus of mitigating interference in a wireless system supporting heterogeous network
Inventor: AHN JOON KUI
IPC: H04J11/00
Filed: 2010-09-10
Abstract: PURPOSE: An interference mitigating method and an apparatus thereof in a wireless communication system supporting heterogenous kinds of networks are provided to increase flexibility in using resources by determining a PUCCH-less CC(Component Carrier) and a PUCCH transmission CC. CONSTITUTION: Each of upward component carriers generates information on usage of control information transmission in the first network. The information is transmitted to a terminal. One component carrier used in transmitting control information in the first network and another component carrier used in doing in the second network are differently set. The information expresses sets of component carriers not used in transmitting control information in the first network.
Patent KR-20120026867-A (KR)
Title: Method and apparatus for cooling wire-rod coil
Inventor: HWANG JOONG KI
IPC: B21B45/02
Filed: 2010-09-10
Abstract: PURPOSE: A wire-rod coil cooling method and apparatus are provided to keep a pitch between rings of a wire-rod coil by synchronizing the transfer speed of the wire-rod coil with rolling speed, thereby uniformly cooling the wire-rod coil. CONSTITUTION: A wire-rod coil cooling method is as follows. A wire-rod coil(100) rolled and wound is transferred synchronously with rolling speed. The wire-rod coil is transferred while being cooled with a blower unit(30) which is additionally arranged under a conveyor(70).
Patent KR-20120027916-A (KR)
Title: Electric bicycle
Inventor: SONG JOON KYU
IPC: B62M6/90
Filed: 2010-09-14
Abstract: PURPOSE: A motor-driven bicycle is provided to effectively prevent bicycle theft and enable a user to conveniently drive or stop a motor-driven bicycle. CONSTITUTION: A motor-driven bicycle comprises a front frame(10), a central frame(20), a rear frame(40), a motor(440), and an ECU(430). A front wheel and a handle are mounted on the front frame. A pedal is mounted on the central frame. A rear wheel is mounted on the rear frame. The motor is mounted on the rear wheel. The ECU is mounted on one of the front, central and rear frames. A recognition unit is detachably arranged on the handle to make wireless communication with the ECU.
Patent KR-20120030169-A (KR)
Title: System and method for mobile payment using rfid
Inventor: OH BEOUNG JU
IPC: G06Q20/00
Filed: 2010-09-17
Abstract: PURPOSE: A mobile payment system using RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) and method thereof are provided to safely transmit payment information by encoding secret numbers as payment unit information. CONSTITUTION: A product information reception unit(110) records a barcode from a product including the barcode. The product information reception unit extracts product information for the product. A payment unit information storage unit(130) stores payment means information for one or more payment units. A payment related information reception unit(140) receives the payment unit information from the payment unit information storage unit. A payment information creation unit(150) creates the encoded payment information.
Patent KR-20100111656-A (KR)
Title: Objective lens and optical pickup apparatus
Inventor: KIMURA TOHRU
IPC: G11B7/1392
Filed: 2010-09-27
Abstract: PURPOSE: An objective lens and an optical pickup device are provided to secure an operating distance to an optical disk having a thick protection substrate. CONSTITUTION: An optical pickup device comprises first through third light sources. The first light source generates a flux having a wavelength of λ1 to perform information reproduction and recording on a first optical recording medium having a first protection substrate with a thickness of t1. The second light source generates a flux having a wavelength of λ2 to perform information reproduction and recording on a second optical recording medium having a second protection substrate with a thickness of t2. The third light source generates a flux having a wavelength of λ3 to perform information reproduction and recording on a third optical recording medium having a third protection substrate with a thickness of t3. The optical pickup device uses a common objective lens for information reproduction and recording on the first through third optical information recording media.
Patent KR-20120031806-A (KR)
Title: Mobile terminal and operation method thereof
Inventor: PARK SUNG KYUN
IPC: H04M1/72403
Filed: 2010-09-27
Abstract: PURPOSE: A portable terminal and operation method thereof are provided to promote the convenience of a user by controlling a touch signal in a touch lock area. CONSTITUTION: In case a portable terminal is gripped by a user, a control unit determines the reception of a touch signal during a predetermined time through a predetermined area(S420, S430). In case a touch signal is received during the predetermined time in the predetermined area, the control unit establishes a touch lock area including the gripped area(S440). In case a grip shape is changed, the control unit determines the reception of the touch signal during the time in the area(S450, S460). The control unit changes the touch lock area(S470).
Patent KR-20120032986-A (KR)
Title: Disk type roller table for preventing partial sub colling of slab
Inventor: HAM YOON JIN
IPC: B21B39/12
Filed: 2010-09-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: A disk-type roller table is provided to prevent partial over-cooling of a plate by increasing the time disks contact the same portion of the pate being transferred from one roller table to the next one. CONSTITUTION: A disk-type roller table(100) comprises rotating units(110), driving motor units(120), and disks(130). The rotating units are arranged in a specific direction. The driving motor units transmit power to the rotating units to be rotated. The disks are formed around the peripheral surface of each rotating unit and interlock with the rotating units according to the operation of the driving motor units, thereby transferring plates. The disks are arranged in an oblique direction in order to prevent over-cooling of the plates being transferred.
Patent KR-20120035255-A (KR)
Inventor: HO YU MI
IPC: A61H39/04
Filed: 2010-10-05
Abstract: 본 발명은 휴대폰의 외부에 붙여서 사용하는 PAD와 휴대폰 외부재질자체에 관한 것으로써, 지금까지의 휴대폰에 붙여서 사용하는 지압용돌기는 수직형 층지압용돌기 밖에 없었다. 수직형단층형지압용돌기를 휴대폰외부에 부착하는 방법은 봉재로 휴대폰용집을 만들어서 휴대폰을 집속에 넣거나, 단층지압용돌기가 부착된 PAD 밑에 접착테이프를 부착하여 사용하게 하였다. 휴대폰용집이나 접착테이프형은 휴대폰 충전시 휴대폰집은 벗겨야 되고 접착테이프형은 접착력 때문에 떼어내기가 어렵고 몇 번 사용하지 않아서 망가지는 등 사용방법이 크게 불편하다. 이러한 필요에 의해 휴대용으로 지압이 가능한 휴대폰에 부착 가능한 지압용 PAD가 발명되었다. 
       
     휴대폰, 지압용돌기
Patent KR-20120045917-A (KR)
Title: Specific primers for rapid detection of bakanae disease pathogen(fusarium fujikuroi) and method for detection using the same
Inventor: CHOI HYO WON
IPC: C12R1/77
Filed: 2010-11-01
Abstract: PURPOSE: A specific primer for detecting Fusarium fujikuroi and a detection method using the same are provided to enable species-specific detection. CONSTITUTION: A specific primer for detecting Fusarium fujikuroi is denoted by sequence number 1 or 2. A method for detecting Fusarium fujikuroi using the specific primer comprises: a step of isolating genome DNA from Oriza sativa seeds; a step of performing PCR using the genome DNA as a template and forward and reverse primers; and a step of detecting PCR product.
Patent KR-20120046662-A (KR)
Title: 화학합성 석회질성 음식물성 환경오물 구분수집 운반용 간편한 규격 포대 끈
Inventor: KIM JOON KI
IPC: B65D33/28
Filed: 2010-11-02
Abstract: 필자의 본 고안은 개인 주거지와 아파트와 관공서 등의 각 구간에 화학합성 석회질성 음식물성 환경오물 구분수집 운반용 간편한 규격포대 끈에 관한 것으로 환경 청소인은 원목 및 비닐봉투에 혼합 환경오물로 수집을 하여 집어 넣은 아가리에 규격봉함 단속이 없어 환경오물 구분수집 운반용 손수레 운반에서 옷자락 및 골목에 미세한 혼합 환경오물가지도 질질 흘리어 환경 위생에 장애 또는 환경오물로 구분수집 운반 하차 지정 저장 장소 없어 혼합 환경오물로 이곳 저곳에 저장되어 썩어가는 각종 악취로 동물들의 호흡장애 또는 토질성분 변태기로 식물들의 성장에 장애 또는 흩어진 혼합 환경오물이 6,7,8월 우천일기 빗물에 하천수로 밀려들어가 수위에 불결하고 또는 혼합 환경오물로 저장되어 썩어가는 빗물이 침수으로 오?폐수는 하천수로 흘러 수질에 오염 또는 혼합 환경오물은 재생활용에 용이하지 않고 또는 지하에 매립하기에 불편한 문제점을 해결하고자 제2도 굴색 피지 규격포대 제1호 만을 수집하여 집어넣어 제1도 아가리 세로 10cm⑨ 굴색 피지 아가리 원 157cm⑩를 오른손으로 오그라지게 지어잡아 놓고 제2도 아가리 좌우편 굴색 피지 봉함 끈 10cm⑮를 오른손과 왼손으로 잡아 당기어 아가리를 단단히 묶어놓고 또는 제2도 붉은 보라색 피지 규격포대 제2호 만을 수집하여 집어 넣어 제1도 아가리 10cm⑨ 붉은 보라색 피지 아가리 원 157cm⑩를 오른손으로 오그라지게 지어잡아놓고 제2도 아가리 좌우편 붉은 보라색 피지봉함 끈 10cm 를 오른손과 왼손으로 잡아 당기어 아가리를 단단히 묶어놓고 또는 제2도 백색 피지 포대 제3호 만을 수집하여 집어넣어 제1도 아가리 세로 10cm⑨와 백색 피지 아가리 원 157cm를 오른손으로 오그라지게 지어잡아놓고 제2도 아가리 좌우편 백색 비닐봉함끈 10cm 를 오른손과 왼손으로 잡아 당기어 아가리를 단단히 묶어놓고 매주 일요일을 공제한 홀수일에는 제2도 굴색 비닐 규격포대 제1호 를 짝수일 오전반에는 붉은 보라색 비닐 규격포대 제2호  오후반에는 백색 피지 규격포대 제3호 를 구분수집운반을 하는 질서의식을 가지고 오른손은 환경오물 피지 규격포대 제1도⑨?⑩ 아가리 봉함면을 잡고 왼손은 환경오물 규격포대 밑면 중심을 받어 몸 중심의 힘으로 들어 환경오물 구분수집운반용 손수레에 환경오물을 위생적으로 구분 운반 하기에 옷자락 및 골목에 미세한 혼합 환경오물을 질질 흘리지 않고 또는 화학합성 석회질성 음식물성 환경오물로 구분수집 운반 하차 지정 저장 장소 없어 혼합 환경오물로 썩어가는 각종 악취로 동물들의 호흡에 장애를 예방 또는 토질성분 변태기 및 불모지로 식물들의 성장에 장애예방 또는 흩어진 혼합 환경오물이 6,7,8월 우천일기 빗물에 하천수로 밀려 들어가지 않아 수위에 불결하지 않고 또는 혼합 환경오물이 지상에 저장되어 썩어가는 혼합 환경오물에 빗물이 침수으로 오?폐수는 하천수로 흘러 들어가지 않아 수질에 오염을 예방 또는 제2도 제1호  제2호  제3호 로 구분 운반 하차 지정 저장 장소에 저장된 환경오물은 환경오물자재별로 구분 처리가 다양하게 용이 하므로 재생활용 가공업 영리목적에 가치성과 또는 제2도 제1호  제2호  제3호  환경오물을 재생활용을 할 수 없는 찌꺼기는 제2도 제1호  제2호  제3호  피지(皮紙) 포대에 집어 넣어 지하에 구분 매립하기에 비닐 포대에 비해 썩는 비율이 좋다.
Patent KR-20120048826-A (KR)
Title: Process for preparing nanostructure of metal oxide and nanostructuring metal oxide thin film
Inventor: SONG JAE YONG
IPC: C23C14/58
Filed: 2010-11-08
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing a nano structure of metal oxide and a nano-structured metal oxide thin film are provided to control the density or size of an ITO nano structure according to deposition time by adjusting the speed of reaction occurring on an ITO thin film. CONSTITUTION: A method for manufacturing a nano structure of metal oxide comprises the steps of: supplying gas composed of elements having larger oxidizing potential than metal elements of a high-temperature metal oxide thin film in order to reduce metal ion of metal oxide and obtain a nonequilibrium state in reaction rate, heating the metal oxide thin film, and supplying gas composed of elements having larger oxidizing potential than metal elements of the thin film to the heated thin film.
Patent KR-20120049517-A (KR)
Title: Touch screen of cognition system and method therefor
Inventor: KIM OG JU
IPC: G06F3/038
Filed: 2010-11-09
Abstract: PURPOSE: A touch screen recognition system and a method thereof are provided to extend the lifetime of a touch screen by processing data of coordinate input values of an effective area location. CONSTITUTION: A TSP(Touch Screen Panel)(5) detects a coordinate value of a touch location and is installed to one side of a display panel(3). A CPU(2) controls the TSP and the display panel. The CPU classifies TSP on an X/Y coordinate into an effective area and an ineffective area. The CPU recognizes the detected coordinate value and performs operation according to the detective coordinate value. The CPU performs error process by ignoring the detected coordinate value.
Patent KR-20120053145-A (KR)
Title: Methods of controlling the connection on network
Inventor: HAN YUN HEE
IPC: H04L45/125
Filed: 2010-11-17
Abstract: PURPOSE: A connection establishment method of networks is provided to control intent values based on data processing speed by establishing a manager according to the intent values. CONSTITUTION: A list-up creation unit reads stored priority list(S210). The list-up creation unit compares the priority list with a searched external apparatus(S220). The list-up creation unit creates lists according to the priority list(S230). The list-up creation unit displays the created list on the screen of a television(S240). Intent values are acquired from a first electronic apparatus. The acquired intent values are compared with the intent values of a second electronic apparatus.
Patent KR-20120054162-A (KR)
Title: Method of preparing polyvinyl chloride comprising butyl acrylate
Inventor: OH KYOUNG SHIL
IPC: C08F20/18
Filed: 2010-11-19
Abstract: PURPOSE: A manufacturing method of a vinyl chloride polymer is provided to improve polymerization conversion rate and polymerization productivity, and to manufacture a vinyl chloride polymer with excellent physical properties safely and efficiently. CONSTITUTION: A manufacturing method of a vinyl chloride polymer comprises: a step of increasing temperature in initial polymerization and decreasing temperature; and a step of adding butyl acrylate together with increasing temperature again; when the polymerization conversion ratio arrived at 70-57%. The added amount of the butyl acrylate is 0.1-2 parts by weight based on 100.0 parts by weight of the vinyl chloride monomer continuously. A dispersant is protective colloid aid, and the amount of the dispersant is 0.05-5 parts by weight, on the basis of 100.0 parts by weight of the vinyl chloride monomer.
Patent KR-20120054901-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus and method for providing augmented reality user interface
Inventor: KIM KI NAM
IPC: H04N5/262
Filed: 2010-11-22
Abstract: PURPOSE: An apparatus and method for providing augmented reality user interface are provided to facilitate a search process by storing an augmented reality image including object information which is previously searched. CONSTITUTION: A display unit(120) outputs an augmented reality image. An image obtaining unit(110) adds augmented reality information related to one or more objects to the augmented reality information. A control unit(170) outputs two or more augmented reality images to an output unit through a screen-divided user interface.
Patent KR-20120055377-A (KR)
Title: Sheet for solar cell sealing and method of manufacturing thereof
Inventor: LEE JONG HUN
IPC: C09J7/10
Filed: 2010-11-23
Abstract: PURPOSE: A sheet for a sealing material of a solar cell and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to easily discharge toxic gas by including a plurality of air gaps. CONSTITUTION: A thermal adhesive resin is mainly made of olefin-based resin. The thermal adhesive resin is pulverized and scattered. The pulverized thermal adhesive resin is heated at temperatures less than the melting temperature of resin powder. A sheet(4) is formed with a plurality of air gaps. The olefin-based resin comprises ethylene-based resin or propylene-based resin.
Patent KR-20120056459-A (KR)
Title: Multiband switching doherty amplifier
Inventor: KIM YONG DUCK
IPC: H03F1/07
Filed: 2010-11-25
Abstract: PURPOSE: A multiband switching Doherty amplifier is provided to correct a phase difference according to frequency changes by arranging one or more parallely connected first tuning circuits. CONSTITUTION: A hybrid connector(100) divides an input signal into a plurality of signals having a 90° phase difference. A main amplifier(200) respectively amplifies the plurality of signals divided through the hybrid connector. A peaking amplifier(300) amplifies the signal amplified through the main amplifier. A Doherty amplifier combines each amplified signal with a microstrip line. A first or second tuning circuit(510,520) is connected to the microstrip line. The first or second tuning circuit includes a PIN diode. The first or second tuning circuit respectively prevents phase difference and leakage currents generated according to the frequency changes.
Patent KR-20120057019-A (KR)
Title: Mat for golf practice
Inventor: KWON KU MAN
IPC: A63B69/36
Filed: 2010-11-26
Abstract: PURPOSE: A mat for golf practice having an advertisement function is provided to display a stop image and a moving image. CONSTITUTION: A mat for golf practice having an advertisement function comprises an image projector(10), a display panel(20), and a control panel. The image projector projects an advertisement image to the mat. The display panel performs the role of a safety fence and magnifies and displays the image information projected from the image projector. The control panel provides at least one of stop image or moving image advertisement information, or moving image for golf teaching. The control panel and image projector are connected by a wired network.
Patent KR-20110065346-A (KR)
Title: Image processing apparatus and image processing method
Inventor: IWASE YOSHIHIKO
IPC: A61B3/113
Filed: 2010-11-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: An image processing apparatus and an image processing method are provided to generate a tomographic image of high resolution and low noise while minimizing the rapid movement of an eyeball and head. CONSTITUTION: In an image processing apparatus and an image processing method, detection units(113,114) takes a tomographic image and detects the displacement of an eye to be inspected using the tomographic image. A determination unit(115) determines the number of a scanning line for taking a tomographic image through detected displacement.
Patent KR-20120060476-A (KR)
Title: Method of nano composite
Inventor: LEE KYU MANN
IPC: B01J19/10
Filed: 2010-12-02
Abstract: PURPOSE: A manufacturing method of nano-composite is provided to prevent aggregation due to specific gravity difference within aluminum and CNT/Cu nano-composite liquid through ultrasonication. CONSTITUTION: A manufacturing method of nano-composite comprises the following steps: manufacturing a mixture containing 65-75 wt% of H2SO4 and 25-35 wt% of HNO; mixing 0.01-2 parts by weight of CNT with 100.0 parts by weight of the mixture; dispersing the mixture for 22-26 hour under ultrasonic wave processing; diluting the mixture in distilled water; filtering the dispersed CNT using a filtering paper; ultrasonic wave processing the filtering paper for 1-3 hours after putting into an ethanol; adding Cu(C2H3O2)2·H2O the ethanol solution and processing with ultrasonic wave; stirring at 98-100 deg. Celsius; and reducing at 380-420 deg. Celsius for 1-3 hours and cooling for 5-7 hours.
Patent KR-20120062457-A (KR)
Title: Print circuit board for semiconductor package improving a solder joint reliablity and semiconductor package having the same
Inventor: CHOI JUN YOUNG
IPC: H05K3/34
Filed: 2010-12-06
Abstract: PURPOSE: A printed circuit board for a semiconductor package for improving solder joint reliability and a semiconductor package therewith are provided to absorb stress generated between the printed circuit board and a semiconductor chip using a lower protrusion unit. CONSTITUTION: A printed circuit board(100A) for a semiconductor package for improving solder joint reliability comprises a substrate for a semiconductor package(200A), first and second connection pads, a resin through hole, and one or more resin fixing holes. The substrate comprises metal wires, and first and second surfaces. The first connection pad is formed on the first surface of the substrate and is connected to a semiconductor chip. The second connection pad is formed on the second surface of the substrate and extends the function of the semiconductor chip to the outside. The resin through hole is formed at the center of the substrate and penetrates through the substrate. The resin fixing holes are formed at the edges of the center part of the substrate and penetrate through the substrate.
Patent KR-20120062567-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus and mehtod for supporting hetreogenious os api to an os
Inventor: BAEK CHANG WOO
IPC: G06F9/44
Filed: 2010-12-06
Abstract: PURPOSE: An apparatus and a method for supporting a heterogeneous OS API are provided to support the heterogeneous OS API without performance reduction which supports a protection mode. CONSTITUTION: A linking unit(400) links an OS(Operating System) application unit(600) and an OS API(Application Program Interface) calling unit(601). A loading unit(500) loads the other OS application unit. An exception comparing unit(201) distinguishes a general exception within an OS kernel and an exception for calling an OS API processing unit. The OS API processing unit processes exception for processing the other OS API.
Patent KR-20120063945-A (KR)
Title: Printing apparatus and method for forming pattern using the same
Inventor: LEE EUN HA
IPC: H01L21/027
Filed: 2010-12-08
Abstract: PURPOSE: A printing device and a pattern formation method using the same are provided to prevent an exhilaration phenomenon of PDMS(Polydi-methylsiloxane) by improving height and slipping difference between a print area and a non print area. CONSTITUTION: A roll(103) is rotated by a rotary shaft(101). A blanket(105) is attached to the roll. The blanket is composed of a print area(B) and non print areas(A1, A2). The blanket is composed of a PDMS layer and a cushioning layer in which force of restitution is strong. The cushioning layer is formed in an area except for the non print area of the blanket. The PDMS layer comprises a PET layer. The PDMS layer is installed to the roll by a tension unit formed on a supporting stand. Ink is coated on the PDMS layer.
Patent KR-20120064330-A (KR)
Title: Method of manufacturing ferritic stainless steel with improved ridging property
Inventor: PARK SOO HO
IPC: C22C38/18
Filed: 2010-12-09
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing ferritic stainless steel with high ridging resistance is provided to reduce ridging defects on the surface of ferritic stainless steel by controlling the annealing temperature of a hot rolled stainless steel sheet through two or more times of annealing to micronize crystal grains. CONSTITUTION: A method for manufacturing ferritic stainless steel with high ridging resistance is as follows. A hot rolled stainless steel sheet comprises C(Carbon) of 0-0.05wt.%(except 0), Si(Silicon) of 0-1.0wt.%(except 0), Mn(Manganese) of 0-1.0wt.%(except 0), P(Phosphorus) of 0-0.05wt.%(except 0), S(Sulfur) of 0-0.02wt.%(except 0), Ni(Nickel) of 0-2.0wt.%(except 0), Cr(Chromium) of 15-25wt.%, Cu(Copper) of 0-1.0wt.%(except 0), Nb(Niobium) of 0.1-0.5wt.%, Al(Aluminum) of 0-0.10wt.%(except 0), and N(Nitrogen) of 0-0.05wt.%(except 0). The hot rolled stainless steel sheet selectively comprises one or more among Mo(Molybdenum) of 0-1.0wt.%(except 0), V(Vanadium) of 0.01-0.30wt.%, Zr(Zirconium) of 0.01-0.30wt.%, and B(Boron) of 0.0010-0.0100wt.%, and Fe(Iron) and inevitable impurities. The hot rolled stainless steel sheet is annealed, cold-rolled, and annealed. The annealing temperature after cold rolling is controlled to a range of 950-1000°C.