baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-742642-A (GB)
Title: Dimerization of mono-olefins
IPC: C07C2/30
Filed: 1951-06-21
Abstract: Mono-olefins of more than 2 carbon atoms are dimerized by heating at 60-250 DEG  C. in the presence of an activator selected from the hydrides of Be, Al, Ga or In and derivatives thereof wherein one or more hydrogen atoms are substituted by alkyl or monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon radicals.  Suitable activators are, for example: Be(C2H5)2, AlH3, HAl(CH3)2, H2AlC2H5, Al(CH3)3, Al(C2H5)3, Al(C6H5)3, Ga(CH3)3, In(CH3)3, Be(C6H5)2, Al(C6H13)3, Al(C18H37)3, Ga(C6H5)3 or In(C6H5)3. Molecular compounds with, for example, ethers, thioethers or amines, and complexes with alkali metal hydrides, alkyls or aryls may also be used, such as NaBe(C2H)3, LiAlH4, LiAl (C2H5)4 and NaAl(C6H5)4.  a -Olefins up to octadecene-1 react readily to form dimers with isomers as by-products.  Thus butene-1 gives a dibutene and butene-2, hexene-1 gives a dihexene and hexenes-2 and 3, and dodecene-1 a di-dodecene and dodecenes-2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. Dimerization of olefins with intermediate double bonds requires longer and is impracticable for olefins of more than 12 carbon atoms. Branched olefins and aryl substituted olefins such as <FORM:0742642/IV(a)/1> and <FORM:0742642/IV(a)/2> may also be treated.  Mixtures of olefins may be used yielding both simple and mixed dimers.  By choosing an activator such as aluminium trialkyl, the alkyl radical having the same number of C atoms as one olefin reactant, and adding the olefins in different sequence, different products may be produced.  Inert materials, especially paraffins and aromatics, may be present.  Cracked fractions from petroleum, e.g. C3-C6 cuts, may be converted to dimers which yield alcohols, aldehydes, and acids by oxo synthesis.  Pressure may be employed, e.g. up to 2,000 atm. or more.  Polymers may also be formed, for example, if heating is continued.  In examples: (1) and (2) Al(C2H5)3 or Al(CH3)3, pentane, and propylene are heated in an autoclave at 180 DEG  C. and initial pressure of 170 atm. giving mainly 1 - methyl - 1 - propyl - ethylene; (3) propylene and Al(CH3)3 under pressure are heated to 200 DEG  C., raising the pressure to 170 atm.; (4) Al(C3H7)3 or Al(C6H5)3 is substituted for the activator of (1). Continuous reaction may be effected by passing a solution of the activator, about 10-20 per cent, in propylene under pressure into a heated reactor or tubular coil at 200-240 DEG  C., the products leaving at the lower end being recovered, and propylene and activator recycled; (5) dodecene and Al(C2H5)3 etherate are heated at 230 DEG C.; (6) Be(C2H5)2 and propylene are autoclaved; (7) propylene and Al(C3H7)3 is passed down a heated coil under pressure; (8) pentene-1 and Al(C2H5)3 are autoclaved; (9) propylene, pentene-1, and AlH3 are autoclaved to yield a mixture of dimers.
Patent GB-472927-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in prepayment gas meters
IPC: G07F15/00
Filed: 1936-05-26
Abstract: 472,927. Prepayment mechanism for gas meters. METERS, Ltd., and BRADDOCK, T. C. May 26, 1936, No. 14837. [Class 27] In a prepayment gas meter in which the metering mechanisrr drives the index mechanism and a supplementary drive, includ ing a worm and worm wheel, is taken to the quantity differential to close the valve, a freewheel or one-way driving device c, d is provided in the supplementary drive between a shaft a and a worm f freely mounted on said shaft, such one-way drive allowing the worm to be turned by a knurled wheel o to overrun the supplementary drive and close the valve without using the volume of gas for which prepayment is outstanding. The one-way drive comprises a ratchet wheel d carried by a sleeve e formed with the worm f, and a pawl c pivoted to a disc b carried by the shaft a.
Patent GB-167893-A (GB)
Title: An electric battery lamp adapted to be worn on the wrist
IPC: F21L4/00
Filed: 1920-06-01
Abstract: 167,893. Barrow, F. T., and Dayley, L. A. June 1, 1920. Battery lamps.-A lamp adapted to be worn on the wrist is made in the form of a watch, and the metal casing is formed in halves c, c<1> adapted to be snapped together and provided with attachments b, b<1> to which the strap or bracelet is secured. The lamp socket is formed in halves h, h<1> on the respective halves of the casing, and is adapted to enclose the lamp bulb g and to be closed together by the metal ring in which the " bull's eye " is carried. A circular battery a is enclosed in the casing, its terminals d, d<1> cooperating respectively with a sliding switch f and with the central contact of the bulb.
Patent GB-110402-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to Aerial Ropeways.
Inventor: BROOKES ARTHUR JOHN CHARLES
IPC: B61B12/02
Filed: 1916-10-19
Abstract: 110,402. Brookes, A. J. C. Oct. 19, 1916. Travelling ropeway conveyers. -In aerial ropeways having a single line with detachable boxheads for bringing the carriers to rest upon shunt rails at the terminal stations, the shunt rails and ropes are so arranged and the box heads are provided with sheaves or shoes co-operating with the ropes and with grooved wheels, so that as the box-head a passes from a shunt rail p to an ascending rope o the point of suspension of the load is not raised. Grooves wheels l are mounted upon the caps d, and a sheave or shoe n is mounted at the forward end of the box head.
Patent GB-571292-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the cooling of gases or liquids
IPC: F24F5/00
Filed: 1943-09-11
Abstract: 571,292. Cooling gases and liquids; drying gases. CLIMATOR, Ltd., and BERLOWITZ, M. Sept. 11, 1943, No. 14938. [Classes 34 (i), 64 (i), and 64 (iii)] In an arrangement for cooling gases or liquids in which a gas, before being cooled in a wet cooling stage by heat exchange in one chamber between a liquid and an unsaturated gas, is first cooled in a dry cooling stage by indirect contact in another chamber with a gas or liquid cooled in, and derived from, the wet cooling stage, the two chambers are arranged one on top of the other. Since cooling in the wet stage results from evaporation of the liquid, cooling of the liquid also occurs. In one form, dry air drawn from a room and from the open through inlets 38, 39 is circulated by fans 25, 25' around tubes 31 in a heat exchanger 20, and then through the wet cooling chamber 21 over bodies 35 over which water from a reservoir 29 is circulated by a centrifugal pump 26. The cooled air passes between baffles 28 which trap drops of water, partly to outlets controlled by dampers 30 and partly through the annular passage 27 to the tubes 31 and outlet 34 which discharges into the open. To keep the air passing through the tubes 31 as cool as possible, water may be sprayed through them from jets 36, or supplied to them by wicks from a tank at a higher level. The tubes may contain filling bodies, e.g., of ceramic material or wood or metal scrap, resting on grids, or may contain one or more helical baffles. The air to be cooled may first be dried by being passed through a chamber containing silica gel, a solution of magnesium chloride or other drying agent. This chamber may be co-axial with the heat exchanger 20 and the chamber 21, and may be similar in construction to the latter, with magnesium chloride or other drying solution in circulation instead of water. Cooled water can be drawn from the reservoir 29. or a separate supply of water may be cooled by the cooled air. Specifications 434,671, 448,538, and 456.771. [all in Group XII], are referred to.
Patent GB-154138-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to mantles for gas lighting by incandescence
IPC: F21H1/00
Filed: 1920-06-02
Abstract: 154,138. Stevens, H. R.. June 2, 1920. Mantles. - Mantles for gas lighting are strengthened by coating with a viscous fluid or thin paste formed of kaolin or like clay mixed with phosphoric acid or with phosphoric acid and aluminium silicate, for example in the proportion of nine parts of syrupy phosphoric, and to one part. of aluminium silicate. The composition may be applied by revolving the mantle on a lathe and using a brush. Inverted mantles are coated around the supporting ring, which may be roughened or indented or provided with holes, and upright mantles at the loop and shoulder, preferably on both sides. Mantles, already partly or wholly manufactured, may be coated then dried and baked over a Bunsen flame or in an oven.
Patent GB-333603-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in motor cycles and other motor vehicles as applied to industrial purposes
IPC: B60K25/08
Filed: 1929-05-14
Abstract: 333,603. Hammond, E. V. May 14, 1929. Driving external machines; disconnectible gearing.-An attachment for driving external machines from a two-wheeled or single-track motor vehicle supports the vehicle driving wheel and is interposed between the engine and the machine to be driven. The attachment may also be used with vehicles having three or more road wheels. The invention is shown applied to the motor cycle described in Specification 16942/15, [Class 79 (iii), Motor vehicles, Arrangement &c. of parts of], in which the water cooling system for the engine k comprises an aluminium radiator E which also forms the steering head, and pipes D, D<1> which also act as frame tubes. The attachment comprises wooden blocks a, b secured together by a plate d and carrying a multiplepulley sliaft i driven from the rear wheel of the motor cycle by chain gear r, r<1>, s. The cycle platform h' is provided with a bracket u resting on and bolted to a similar bracket u<1> on the attachment so as to raise the rear wheel p from the ground. Elongated bolt-holes v in the brackets permit the driving chain to be adjusted. A shaft or other form of drive may be used instead of the chain s. The engine k may drive the rear wheel through pulleys m, n, a flat belt o, and a jockey pulley t, adjusted by the means described in Specification 329,825, [Class 80 (ii). Gearing, Variable-speed &c.]. The attachment may be built up of metal castings, pressings, tubes, channel irons or of rolled, drawn, or extruded metal.
Patent GB-315920-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in change speed gear
IPC: F16H37/04
Filed: 1928-04-14
Abstract: 315,920. Chambers, J. H. April 14, 1928. Divided on 315,476. Variable-speed gearing of the kind in which an epicyclic train d, b, c enclosed in its driving- member e is combined with an external train for giving low speed and reverse, as described in Specification 161,613, uses external gearing h &c. disengageable by radial movement. The external train h, h<2>, n, Fig. 2, is adapted to be moved in a swinging frame i into and out of mesh with a gear m, Fig. 1, on driving-ring e and with a gear g secured to the annulus d of the epicyclic train. Sun wheel c and annulus d are adapted to slide, so that, by means of the external train h &c., first speed and reversal are obtained by clutching sun c to the driver e and to the casing f respectively. The other speeds are obtained as in the Specification referred to. The frame i is operated by a toggle and cam o. In a modification, worm gearing is used in the external train.
Patent GB-717238-A (GB)
Title: Spray drying equipment and method
Inventor: PEEBLES DAVID DART
IPC: B01D1/18
Filed: 1951-06-26
Abstract: In a spray drying method (e.g. for milk or whey) atomized particles are projected horizontally into the upper portion of a drying zone into which the drying gas in introduced as at least four jets which successively intersect at the boundary of or within the drying zone and which are in a common horizontal plane substantially coincident with the plane in which the atomized particles are projected. Particles are projected into a drying chamber 10 by a centrifugal atomizer 21 and hot air is introduced into the chamber as four intersecting jets through apertures 16, 17, 18 and 19.  Hot air is also introduced above the atomizer through inlet 22 whereby fine particles are deflected downwardly. Coarser particles travel horizontally until deflected by hot gas from jets 16-19 and thereafter swirl downwardly about the vertical axis 11 of the chamber.  Spent gas is exhausted through conduit 13 and dried particles through conduit 12.  In a modification additional drying gas is introduced tan <PICT:0717238/III/1> <PICT:0717238/III/2> gentially at a level between the exhaust conduits for the drying gas and the dried particles.
Patent GB-560544-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in electric discharge lamps employing fluorescent material
IPC: C09K11/59
Filed: 1942-10-30
Abstract: 560,544. Fluorescent discharge lamps. COLE, Ltd., E. K., and' EVANS, J. N. I. Oct. 30, 1942, Nos.15242 and 16304. [Class 39 (i)] A fluorescent low pressure mercury vapour discharge lamp employs as fluorescent material a zinc-beryllium magnesium-manganese silicate comprising by weight 2 per cent to 10 per cent BeO, 2 per cent to 8 per cent MnO, one-quarter to twice as much MgO as MnO, and the balance ZnO and SiO2, the proportion of silicon being between the ratios of (a) or (b) where (a) is :- 1 mol SiO2 to 2 mols ZnO, 1 mol SiO2 to 2 mols BeO, 1 mol SiO2 to 1 mol MgO, and 1 mol SiO2 to 1 mol MnO, and where (b) is :-1 mol SiO2 to 2 mols ZnO, 1 mol SiO2 to 2 mols BeO, 1 mol SiO2 to 2 mols MgO and 1 mol SiO2 to 2 mols MnO. A mixture of oxides or other salts from which the material is to be formed may include 0.25 per cent to 2 per cent potassium fluoride or magnesium fluoride to assist the crystallization of the silicate and the mixture is fired by a temperature of about 1100‹ C., which is not too high to result in a material which cannot readily be crushed or ground. A material possessing a yellow fluorescence may comprise BeO 6 per cent to 10 per cent, MnO 2.5 per cent to 3.5 per cent and MgO 1 per cent to 4 per cent by weight, and the Specification includes examples of the preparation of such materials. A material having an orange fluorescence comprises BeO 3 per cent to 6 per cent, MnO 5 per cent to 6 per cent, and MgO 2 per cent to 5 per cent, and an example of such material, as well as one having a red fluorescence, are included. White fluorescence may be obtained by incorporating materials which fluoresce blue, or blue and green, such as magnesium tungstate.
Patent GB-937258-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in automatic telecommunication systems
Inventor: GRUNDIN IVAN WITALIS
IPC: H04Q3/00
Filed: 1961-04-27
Abstract: 937,258. Automatic exchange systems. SVENSKA RELAFABRIKEN A.B.N. A.B. April 27, 1961, No. 15331/61. Drawings to Specification. Class 40 (4). In a system in which certain substations are provided with individual keys for calling frequently wanted subscribers, the number of selecting signals is reduced by allocating similar signals to several different subscribers and making the selection dependent also on the identity of the calling subscriber. For this purpose there is employed an analysing circuit which may be common to a number of registers and which, when an individual selecting signal is received, determines the destination of the call in accordance with the identity of the calling line as registered on tens and units relays. Alternating current of graduated strength is employed both for the individual selecting signals and for the digital signals, but the individual signals are sent over only one leg of the line. Instead of the identity of the calling line being sent to the analysing circuit, it may receive a signal which may be the same for a number of sub-stations having the same traffic conditions. Connections are established to the calling and called lines over cross-bar switches operating under the control of markers.
Patent GB-625487-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to screw propellers, pumps, turbines, and similar rotary machines
IPC: B63H1/28
Filed: 1946-05-21
Abstract: 625,487. Screw propellers. ERENKEL, M. S. May 21, 1946, No. 15416. [Class 114] [Also in Group XXVI] To utilize the rotary energy in the race from the screw propeller 1, a set of vanes 7 are mounted on a coaxial shaft 3, the power from this being utilized as desired. Any remaining energy is converted into pressure by a set of fixed vanes 9 enclosed in a surrounding casing 11.
Patent GB-714309-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to low emissivity coatings for metal surfaces
Inventor: BRANDES ERIC ADOLPH
IPC: H01J5/08
Filed: 1952-06-19
Abstract: 714,309. Vitreous and like coatings. FULMER RESEARCH INSTITUTE, Ltd. June 8, 1953 [June 19, 1952], No. 15450/52. Class 56 To improve the permanence and adhesion, to metal surfaces, of low emissivity coatings, particularly those of Specification 674,359, before this coating is applied an undercoating of a material impervious to gases and affording a good bond with the metal and the coating is applied to the metal. The undercoating is applied as a water suspension of known frit and mill batches and is then fired at approximately 1000‹C.
Patent GB-841930-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to monoazo dyestuffs and their cobalt and chromium complex compounds
IPC: C09B45/14
Filed: 1958-05-14
Abstract: Compounds of formula :  <FORM:0841930/IV(b)/1> wherein X is an ethylene radical which may contain a methyl group attached to the C-atom next to the N-atom and the nucleus A may be further substituted are prepared by mononitration of the corresponding 2-(41-hydroxyphenyl)-oxazoline and reduction of the nitro group to an amino group.  They are used as diazo components in the preparation of azo dyestuffs (see Group IV(c)). Compounds specified include :-2-(31-amno-41-hydroxyphenyl)- and 2-(31-amino-41-hydroxy-51-acetylamino - or - nitro - or - carbomethoxyamino - or - chloro-phenyl)-oxazolines, 2 - (31-amino - 41 - hydroxyphenyl) - 4-methyloxazoline-5-sulphonic acid and 2-(31-amino-41 - hydroxyphenyl) - oxazoline - 51 - sulphonic acid-(211-hydroxy)-ethylamide.  Similar compounds wherein X is a propylene radical are also specified. Specification 730,192 is referred to.ALSO:The invention comprises monoazo dyes of formula: <FORM:0841930/IV (c)/1> wherein B-Z is the radical of a coupling component, X is an ethylene or propylene radical which may contain a methyl group attached to the C-atom next to the N-atom, Z is a phenolic or enolic hydroxyl group or a primary or secondary amino group in ortho position to the -N=N-group, and the nuclei A and B may be further substituted; and cobalt and chromium complexes thereof. The dyes are prepared by diazotising an aminohydroxy-phenyl-oxazoline or -dihydro-1 : 3- oxazine (see Group IV(b)) and coupling with a suitable azo component.  The metal complexes are prepared by treating the dyes with cobalt- or chromium-yielding agents in known manner, the 1 : 2-complexes being preferred.  The chromed dyes give yellow, red, violet, blue, green, brown and grey shades on wool, silk, leather and synthetic polyamides.  In an example the dye 2-(31-amino-41-hydroxyphenyl)-oxazoline --> 1-acetylamino-7-naphthol is prepared and treated with chromic potassium sulphate in formamide or ammoniacal cobaltous sulphate solution to give the chromium and cobalt complexes.  Many other components are specified in examples, including 2-(31-amino-41-hydroxy-51-acetylamino- or -nitro- or -methyl- or -carbomethoxy-amino-phenyl)-oxazoline, 2-(31-amino-41-hydroxyphenyl) -oxazoline-51-sulphonic acid-(211-hydroxy)-ethylamide, 2-(31-amino -41-hydroxyphenyl)-dihydro- 1 : 3- oxazine and 2-(31-amino -41- hydroxyphenyl) -4- methyloxazoline; 1-hydroxy -2- acetylamino -4- methylbenzene, 2- naphthol, 2- naphthylamine, 1- phenyl-3- methyl -5- pyrazolone -31- sulphonamide, 1-acetoacetyl-amino -2- ethylhexane, 2-[31- hydroxynaphthyl-(21)] -oxazoline, 1-(21-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) -2- ketopiperidine and N-(41-hydroxyphenyl) -1- azo -2- keto -3- oxa-cyclohexane.
Patent GB-185505-A (GB)
Title: Changeover valve for hot water
IPC: F16K11/052
Filed: 1921-06-06
Abstract: 185,505. Nickels, A. C. June 6, 1921. Manually-actuated multiple-way valves. - A change-over valve for hot-water-supply systems whereby the water may be diverted to either of two pipes, comprises a casing 6 having an inlet 2 and two outlets 3. A spindle 4 carries a flap 10 having washers 12 of woodite which are adapted to close either of two ports 8.
Patent GB-665773-A (GB)
Title: Method and apparatus for forming container closures
IPC: B21D51/46
Filed: 1949-06-10
Abstract: <PICT:0665773/III/1> <PICT:0665773/III/2> Linings, formed of a non-volatile paste of resinous material and plasticizer, for container closures are fluxed, without damaging the protective or lithographic coating, by heating a volume of air to a temperature not substantially less than 300 DEG  F and not greater than the temperature at which the closure coating would discolour within a heating time of two minutes, imparting a high velocity to the heated air, and causing it to impinge on the closures at such velocity that the closure attains a temperature sufficient to effect the fluxing and within 5 DEG  F of the maximum air temperature within a period not exceeding 60 seconds, then removing the fluxed closures from the heated air so that their overall time of exposure therein is less than two minutes, and cooling.  Figs. 3 and 5 show an oven for carrying out the fluxing formed of a channel iron framework covered on both sides with sheet metal and packed with insulating material, the base section 6 being wider than the top section 7.  A centrifugal fan 13 is mounted on a shaft 11 supported on bearings 12a, 12b on a pedestal 10 and is driven through pulley 16 and belt 15 by the motor 14.  The fan casing 17 is mounted adjacent the side wall 7b with the discharge opening 17a facing downwardly and fitted with a diffuser 18a, 18b, and the inlet opening 17b facing and spaced from the wall 7a.  Deflecting vanes 19 mounted adjacent the lower edge of the diffuser are adjusted by shafts 19a extending through the wall 7a. The air is heated by a gas fired heater 20 which has a heater tube 20a extending into the housing between the fan casing 17 and wall 7a, and space is provided so that air from the base section passes on both sides of the tube 20a on its way to the inlet.  An air vane switch 21 and thermostat bulb 22 of the control system are mounted adjacent the fan discharge.  The hinged door 23 has explosion latches 23a and is counterbalanced by weight 23b.  Similarly doors in the base section (e.g. 24a) have like latches.  The open mesh horizontally disposed conveyer belt 25 is carried by rollers 26, 27 and supported in the base section by an open framework 31.  The belt 25 is driven by a reduction geared motor 31a through sprockets 33, 35 and chain 34.  Hoods 36 provided above the openings through which the conveyer passes, communicate with the interior through openings 37 and reduce the loss of heated air.  A control system is described (see Group XI) which serves to maintain the temperature in the oven, provide safety features to prevent explosion if gas accumulates before operation, and to shut down the burner in the event of mal-functioning, and includes solenoid operated pilot valves, and burner valves, a thermostatic control element, shut off valves, spark igniters, a control electrode, a purging clock, an amplifier, a relay, and an alarm bell.  Specifications 645,318 and 660,361, [Group XXIX], are referred to.