Patent GB-987474-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to film evaporators
Inventor: GULL HERBERT CHARLES
IPC: B01D1/28
Filed: 1962-07-03
Abstract: 987,474. Evaporating milk and other liquid food products; cyclone separators. BURNETT & ROLFE Ltd. May 31, 1963 [July 3, 1962; Jan. 4, 1963], Nos. 25487/62 and 520/63. Headings BIB and B2P. In a method of evaporating liquid food products, such as milk or gelatine solutions, in a calandria comprising a heating jacket 80, Figs. 2 and 3, surrounding tubes 81 to 85 which extend in a horizontal direction, or at an angle up to 20 degrees to the horizontal, each tube being between ¥ inch and 1# inches in internal diameter and between 8 feet and 16 feet long, the liquid is introduced into each tube through a separate passage at such a rate that a film of liquid travels along the inside wall of each tube. The liquid is distributed to the tubes by a jet plate which has inclined bores, one bore for each tube. In an example, milk is pumped through a first preheater where it is heated to 99 ‹F. The milk then flows through a second preheater where it is raised to 150 ‹F. The preheated milk flows to the calandria, passes through the jet plate, where there is a pressuredrop of about 5 p.s.i., and travels along each tube in the form of a film while undergoing partial evaporation at a temperature of 140 ‹F. and a pressure of about 2À9 p.s.i.a. The mixture of vapour and concentrated milk is discharged from the tubes into cyclone separator. Concentrated milk is withdrawn from the separator by a pump. The separated vapour flows into a mechanical compressor where the pressure is increased to 4À9 p.s.i.a., superheat being prevented by injection of water. The compressed vapour is blown into the shell of the second preheater whence it passes into the heating jacket of the calandria, where the vapour condenses. Some of the condensate leaving the calandria is passed through the first preheater, and some of it is injected into the inlet pipe of the compressor. The bulk of the condensate is pumped into a waste tank through jets, which maintain the calandria and the separator under reduced pressure. Instead of conducting the vapour from separator to a compressor, it may be passed to the heating jacket of a second effect, if the evaporator is of the multi-effect type. When this is done, the calandria is heated with live steam, which may be mixed with some of the exhaust vapour from the separator, or with steam from the last effect of the evaporator. The cyclone separator, Fig. 5, comprises a cylindrical housing 109 with a truncated conical section 110 at one end. The angle between the conical surfaces and the longitudinal axis is 15 degrees, i.e. the angle of conicity is 30 degrees. The mixture of boiling liquid and vapour discharged from the evaporator is passed into the left-hand end of cylindrical housing 109 through a tangential pipe (not shown). The mixture follows a helical path through the main part of the separator, and the liquid is flung outwards and collects in sump 111. Residual liquid is separated from the vapour in pipe 124, where the rotational velocity is destroyed. The liquid separated in pipe 124 collects in gutter 126 whence it trickles back into sump 111. The vapour leaves the separator through pipe 125 which has a rightangled bend at the top part of the upwardlyextending portion of the pipe.