Patent GB-663769-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to methods of printing textile fabrics and to the printing compositions used in said method
Filed: 1948-09-15
Abstract: A textile printing paste comprises a dye and an aqueous solution or dispersion of an ammonium, amine or alkali metal salt of a copolymer prepared by copolymerizing styrene or a nuclear-substituted styrene with maleic anhydride or a partial ester thereof and cross-linking with divinyl benzene.  The copolymer may be prepared by heating the three reactants with, if desired, small amounts of other unsaturated compounds such as vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinyl ethyl ether, indene, vinyl methyl ketone and acrylic esters, in mass or solution. Specified substituted styrenes are methyl, butyl and chloro-styrenes. Partial esters of maleic anhydride include the half esters of methyl, isopropyl and secondary butyl maleates.  The salts are obtained by dissolving the copolymers in aqueous alkali.  A permanent print is obtained by adding formaldehyde, formaldehyde-yielding chemicals or resins such as urea- or melamine-aldehyde resins or their alkylated derivatives to the ammonium salt and curing by heating between 200 DEG  to 300 DEG  F. Alternatively, the printed fabric may be treated with a dilute aqueous solution of a heavy metal salt, e.g. the chloride, acetate or formate of copper, aluminium, calcium or zirconium.  The concentration of the salt in the printing paste is generally p  between 0.5 and 5 per cent.  Specified dyes are Fastusol Blue, Green and Red, Algosol Yellow and Rapidogen Golden Yellow. Small amounts of urea, glycerine and oils, e.g. sulphonated oils, may be included in the pastes and other thickening agents such as starch, dextrin, British gum, locust bean gum, gum tragacanth, gum arabic, gum senegal, albumin, casein and cellulose ethers and esters may be added.  Other ingredients mentioned in the examples are sodium chlorate, ammonium vanadate, ammonium hydroxide and ammonium sulphocyanate.  After printing, the fabrics are steam-aged to transfer the dye from the paste to the fabric and, when sodium or potassium salts are used, washing in warm water removes the resin.ALSO:Textile fabrics are printed by treating, e.g. by a screen or roll printing process, with a paste comprising a dye and an aqueous solution or dispersion of an ammonium, amine or alkali metal salt of a copolymer prepared by copolymerizing styrene or a nuclear substituted styrene with maleic anhydride or a partial ester thereof and cross-linked with divinyl benzene and then steam ageing the fabric.  The concentration of the copolymer salt is normally between 0.5 and 5 per cent of the paste.  The fabric is generally dried before steam ageing and is finally washed in warm water to remove the resin thickener, in which case the sodium and potassium salts are used.  For permanent effects, the ammonium or amine salt is used. Permanency is ensured by adding formaldehyde, formaldehyde-yielding chemicals or resins such as urea- or melamine-aldehyde resins to the paste and curing the printed fabric at 200 DEG  to 300 DEG  F. Alternatively, the printed fabric may be treated with a dilute aqueous solution of a heavy metal salt, e.g. the chloride, acetate or formate of copper, aluminium, calcium or zirconium.  The process is applicable to direct dyes, vat dyes, soluble vat dyes and azoic dyes. Specified are Fastusol Blue, Green and Red, Algosol Yellow and Rapidogen Golden Yellow. Small amounts of urea, glycerine and oils, e.g. sulphonated oils, may be included in the pastes and other thickening agents such as starch, dextrin, British gum, locust bean gum, gum tragacanth, gum arabic, gum senegal, albumin, casein and cellulose esters and ethers may be added.  Other ingredients mentioned in the examples are sodium chlorate, ammonium vanadate, ammonium hydroxide and ammonium sulpho-cyanate.  Fabrics which may be treated include cotton, rayon, wool, mixed cotton and wool, cuprammonium and acetate rayons, nylon, linen, synthetic protein, silk and hemp fabrics.