baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent PE-10799-A1 (PE)
Title: Derivados de vinilpirrolidinon-cefalosporina
Inventor: HEINZE-KRAUSS INGRID
IPC: C07C/
Filed: 1997-11-04
Abstract: SE REFIEREN A COMPUESTOS DE FORMULA (I), EN DONDE: R1 ES HALOGENO, ALQUILO INFERIOR, FENILO, BENCILO, ESTIRILO, NAFTILO o HETEROCICLO OPCIONALMENTE SUSTITUIDOS; R2 ES H, OH, CH2-CONHR6, ENTRE OTROS, DE PREFERENCIA ES METILCICLOPROPILO, 4 HIDROXI-BENCILO, PIRROLIDIN-3-ILO o EL RADICAL DE FORMULA (i), EN DONDE: "Q1" ES CH2; r ES O o 1; R11 ES H, ALQUILO INFERIOR, OMEGA-HIDROXIALQUILO, BENCILO, ALQUIL-HETEROCICLO (ESTANDO EL BENCILO Y HETEROCICLO OPCIONALMENTE SUSTITUIDOS CON AL MENOS UN CN, COOH o OH) o CH2CONR7R10, EN DONDE: R7 ES H o ALQUILO INFERIOR; R10 ES H, OMEGA-HIDROXI-ALQUILO, ENTRE OTROS, o R7 Y R10 FORMAN JUNTOS UN TETRAHIDRONAFTALENO; R3 ES OH, O-, ALCOXI INFERIOR, OM; R4 Y R5 SON H, ALQUILO INFERIOR o FENILO; "M" ES UN METAL ALCALINO; "X" ES S, O, NH o CH2; n ES 0; 1 o 2; m Y s SON O o 1. TAMBIEN SE REFIERE AL PROCEDIMIENTO DE PREPARACION. LOS COMPUESTOS DE FORMULA (I) PRESENTAN UNA ACTIVIDAD ANTIBACTERIANA AMPLIA Y POTENTE, SIENDO UTILES EN EL TRATAMIENTO DE INFECCIONES CAUSADAS POR BACTERIAS GRAM POSITIVAS TALES COMO NEUMOCOCOS, ENTEROCOCOS Y ESTAFILOCOCOS RESISTENTES A METICILINA (MRSA)
Patent PE-129899-A1 (PE)
Title: Biolixiviacion selectiva del zinc
Inventor: LIZAMA HECTOR M
IPC: C22B19/00
Filed: 1998-10-23
Abstract: BIOLIXIVIACION SELECTIVA DEL ZINC A PARTIR DE UN MATERIAL INICIAL QUE CONTIENE ZN, EN FORMA DE SULFURO Y HIERRO, UTILIZANDOSE UN MICROORGANISMO, DE PREFERENCIA TIOBACILOS TIOOXIDANTES, QUE OXIDA EL AZUFRE; O UN CULTIVO MEZCLADO DE MICROORGANISMOS, DE PREFERENCIA TIOBACILOS TIOOXIDANTES Y TIOBACILOS FERROOXIDANTES, QUE OXIDAN EL AZUFRE Y EL HIERRO; EN PRESENCIA DE UNA SOLUCION NUTRIENTE QUE CONTIENE MENOS DE ALREDEDOR DE 15 mg/l DE IONES DE FOSFATO.ADEMAS EL MATERIAL INICIAL PUEDE ESTAR EN FORMA DE UNA SUSPENSION QUE TIENE UNA CONCENTRACION DE SOLIDOS DE POR LO MENOS 25 % SOBRE UNA BASE DE PESO POR VOLUMEN Y UNA SOLUCION NUTRIENTE QUE CONTIENE DESDE ALREDEDOR DE 1 mg/l HASTA MENOS DE ALREDEDOR DE 100 mg/l DE IONES DE AMONIO, DESDE ALREDEDOR DE 0,5 mg/l A MENOS DE ALREDEDOR DE 40 mg/l DE IONES DE MAGNESIO Y DESDE ALREDEDOR DE 2 mg/l A MENOS DE ALREDEDOR 60 mg/l IONES DE FOSFATO
Patent PE-20000997-A1 (PE)
Title: Bloque de revestimiento
Inventor: KNIGHT DAVID W
IPC: E01C5/00
Filed: 1999-10-27
Abstract: SE REFIERE A UN BLOQUE PARA USARSE EN UN SISTEMA DE REVESTIMIENTO QUE COMPRENDE UNA PLURALIDAD DE BLOQUES DISPUESTOS PARA FORMAR UNA PLACA CONTINUA DE CIMENTACION. DICHO BLOQUE TIENE: A) UNA SUPERFICIE SUPERIOR; B) UNA SUPERFICIE INFERIOR; C) PRIMERA Y SEGUNDA SUPERFICIES LATERALES OPUESTAS QUE SE EXTIENDEN ENTRE LAS SUPERFICIES ANTERIORES, DONDE LA PRIMERA SUPERFICIE LATERAL TIENE UN RECESO Y LA SEGUNDA SUPERFICIE LATERAL UNA PROYECCION, DE MODO QUE EL RECESO ES DIMENSIONADO Y CONFIGURADO PARA ENCAJAR CON LA PROYECCION DE UN BLOQUE ADYACENTE EN LA PLACA; Y, D) TERCERA Y CUARTA SUPERFICIES LATERALES OPUESTAS QUE SE EXTIENDEN ENTRE (A), (B) Y (C), Y QUE POSEEN CADA UNA DOS PUNTAS DE INTERCONEXION Y UN CANAL ADAPTADO PARA ENGRANAR POR LO MENOS UNA PUNTA DE INTERCONEXION DE UN BLOQUE ADYACENTE EN LA PLACA. DONDE DICHO BLOQUE TIENE POR LO MENOS UNA ABERTURA EN FORMA DE UNA RANURA ALARGADA ENTRE (A) Y (B) PARALELA A (D) Y PERPENDICULAR A (C); Y ADEMAS UNA PLURALIDAD DE TUNELES, DONDE POR LO MENOS UN TUNEL SE EXTIENDE ENTRE LA PRIMERA Y SEGUNDA SUPERFICIES LATERALES Y POR LO MENOS UN TUNEL SE EXTIENDE ENTRE LA TERCERA Y CUARTA SUPERFICIES LATERALES
Patent PL-285814-A1 (PL)
Title: Device for testing printed circuit boards and its application to testing printed cardboards constituting assemblies of a digital signal
Inventor: BEAUFILS JEAN-MARIE
IPC: G06F11/273
Filed: 1990-06-27
Abstract: This test device for a printed circuit board includes a printed circuit board, termed a test card, capable of being connected to the printed circuit board to be tested. At least one of these two boards is equipped with circuits for selecting the type of signals processed by the board to be tested. These circuits are capable of putting the board to be tested either in the test configuration or in the normal configuration. The test card is fitted with configuration control ports and is equipped with circuits for connecting these ports to the said selection circuits. 
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Patent PL-286476-A1 (PL)
Title: Method of polymerizing plefins and catalytic sysytem therefor
Inventor: REAGEN WILLIAM KEVIN
IPC: C08F4/42
Filed: 1990-08-10
Abstract: Novel chromium-containing compounds are prepared by forming a mixture of a chromium salt, a metal amide, and an ether. These novel chromium-containing, or chromium pyrrolide, compounds can be used as a cocatalyst in the presence of an olefin polymerization catalyst to produce a comonomer in-situ. The resultant polymer, although produced from predominately one monomer, has characteristics of a copolymer.
Patent PL-292275-A1 (PL)
Title: Method of removing sulfur dioxide from gases using a modified lime
Inventor: BENSON LEWIS B
IPC: B01D53/50
Filed: 1991-11-04
Abstract: A wet scrubbing process for removing sulfur dioxide from combustion gases uses an aqueous slurry containing calcium components resulting from the slaking of lime, with the slaked lime formed by mixing lime with water containing a calcium sulfur-oxide salt. The presence of the calcium sulfur oxide salt in the slaking water results in a more easily dewatered sludge that is subsequently removed from the wet scrubbing system. <IMAGE>
Patent PL-314679-A1 (PL)
Title: Mist remover for a gas scrubber
Inventor: WOLF HUBERT
IPC: B01D47/06
Filed: 1996-06-07
Abstract: The droplet separator for a gas washer or similar process has a lower and upper separator in the direction of gas flow. Each consists of one or more rows of V-shaped or inverted V-shaped droplet separator profiles. In each case, one row of the first and second separators in the direction of gas flow are aligned without any lateral transposition. The droplet separators are cleaned from time to time on the in-flow and out-flow sides by an assembly. The profiles (22) of the lower and upper rows (21, 20) are aligned in exact opposition, in the direction of gas flow. The profile (22) in the lower (21) droplet separator is in the form of a V, while that of the upper profile (20) is an inverted V.
Patent PL-327502-A1 (PL)
Title: Hypochlorite bleaching compositions
Inventor: SCIALLA STEFANO
IPC: D06L3/08
Filed: 1996-12-13
Abstract: Liquid aqueous bleaching compositions are disclosed which comprise a pH buffering means with low sensitivity to water hardness and an alkali metal hypochlorite. A method of treating fabrics with said compositions is also disclosed.
Patent PL-332989-A1 (PL)
Title: Beverage
Inventor: DECHENT HANS-MARIO
IPC: A23L33/105
Filed: 1999-05-06
Abstract: Antioxidant herbal beverage having cardioprotective and collagen-stabilizing effects and lowering blood homocysteine levels containing B vitamins, folic acid and colorless polyphenols. Beverage based on plant extracts contains vitamin B6 (0.8-30 mg/100 kcal), vitamin B12 (0.5-20  mu g /100 kcal), folic acid (0.1-6.5 mg/100 kcal) and colorless polyphenols (at least 10 mg /100 kcal) and has a trolox equivalent antioxidative capacity (TEAC) of 0.5-15, where the ratio of total hydroxycinnamic acids (calculated as caffeic acid)) to total colorless polyphenols is 1:1-20 and the ratio of total flavonol derivatives (calculated as quercetin-3-glucoside) to total colorless polyphenols is 1:1-20.
Patent PL-334915-A1 (PL)
Title: Pyrrolidine derivatives exhibiting phospholipase a2 inhibiting activity
Inventor: SENO KAORU
IPC: A61P29/00
Filed: 1998-01-27
Abstract: A compound represented by the formula (I): <CHEM> wherein, for example, R<1> is optionally substituted aralkyl, Z is nitrogen atom which optionally substituted with alkyl, X<1> is -CH2NHCO-, X<2> is phenylene, X<3> is a bond, Y<2> is optionally substituted aryl, B is oxygen atom, its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or hydrate thereof and a pharmaceutical composition which contains them as an active ingredient.
Patent PL-335053-A1 (PL)
Title: Method of obtaining 4-amino 1-hydroxybutylyidene-1,1-bisphosphonic acid
Inventor: KUBELA RUDOLF
IPC: C07F9/38
Filed: 1998-02-06
Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of 4-amino-1-hydroxybutylidene-1,1-bisphosphonic acid or salts thereof which comprises of: a) reacting 4-aminobutyric acid with phosphorous acid and phosphorus trichloride in the presence of a polyalkylene(glycol); and b) recovering said 4-amino-1-hydroxybutylidene-1,1-bisphosphonic acid or salts thereof.
Patent PL-340553-A1 (PL)
Title: Transient compounds and method useful in semi-synthesising paklitaxeel and analogues thereof
Inventor: BOMBARDELLI EZIO
IPC: A61K31/337
Filed: 1998-11-19
Abstract: The semisynthesis of paclitaxel and its analogs using new intermediates which are derivatives of 10-deacetyl-baccatin III, as well as to a method for preparing these derivatives. These novel derivatives have alkyl carbonate or alkyl carbonyl substituents in the 7 position.
Patent PL-341933-A1 (PL)
Title: Method of obtaining aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide directly from elementary oxygen and hydrogen and apparatus therefor
Inventor: DEVIC MICHEL
IPC: C01B15/029
Filed: 1999-01-29
Abstract: A catalytic process and a device for preparing, in absolute safely, aqueous hydrogen peroxide solutions at high concentration levels directly from hydrogen and oxygen; more particularly, a method whereby hydrogen and oxygen are injected, into the aqueous medium in proportions corresponding to the flammability range of the hydrogen-oxygen mixture, and are present in proportions outside the flammability range in the continuous gas phase. The invention also concerns a device for implementing the method.
Patent PL-342236-A1 (PL)
Title: Bicycle seat
Inventor: BAVARESCO ROBERTO JOSE
IPC: B62J1/08
Filed: 1999-02-18
Abstract: The invention realizes a saddle (1) for bicycles including two separate seats (2, 3) supported by a supporting unit (4) fixed to the bicycle frame. Each one of said seats (2, 3) includes at least a first part (2', 3'), fixed with respect to said supporting unit (4) and at least a second part (2'', 3''), movable with respect to said first part (2', 3'). Said second part (2'', 3'') is revolvingly connected to a gudgeon (10, 11) defining an axis (10a, 11a) substantially horizontal placed substantially orthogonally to the advancement direction (6) of the bicycle.
Patent PL-350335-A1 (PL)
Title: Credit card system and method
Inventor: FLITCROFT DANIEL IAN
IPC: G06Q20/38
Filed: 2000-02-18
Abstract: A credit card system is provided which has the added feature of providing additional limited use credit card numbers and/or cards. These numbers and/or cards can be used for a single or limited use transaction, thereby reducing the potential for fraudulent reuse of these numbers and/or cards. The credit card system finds application to "card remote" transactions such as by phone or Internet. Additionally, when a single use or limited use credit card is used for "card present" transactions, so called "skimming" fraud is eliminated. Various other features enhance the credit card system which will allow secure trade without the use of elaborate encryption techniques. Methods for limiting, distributing and using a limited use card nubmer, controlling the validity of a limited use credit card number, conducting a limited used credit card number transaction and providing remote access devices for accessing a limited use credit card number are also provided.
Patent PL-352028-A1 (PL)
Title: Composition for powder coating
Inventor: CORDINER ANDREW GEORGE
IPC: C09D5/03
Filed: 2000-03-09
Abstract: The invention provides a powder coating composition in which powder particles are an agglomerate of individual particulate components fused or bonded together into composite particles. Maximizing the amount of larger-sized uncolored component(s) gives cost advantages, and the invention allows a rapid and flexible manufacture of a range of colored powder coating compositions.
Patent PL-354574-A1 (PL)
Title: Method for producing an electrolytically coated cold rolled strip, preferably for use in the production of battery sheaths, and battery sheath produced according to said method
Inventor: SCHMIDT FERDINAND
IPC: H01M50/528
Filed: 2000-10-13
Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing an electrolytically coated cold rolled strip, preferably for use in the production of battery sheaths. The cold rolled strip is provided with a cobalt or a cobalt alloy layer by an electrolytic method. The aim of the invention is to provide a battery sheath with low values for the electric contact resistance between the cathode substance of the battery and the inner surface of the battery sheath. To this end, organic substances m added to the electrolyte during coating that produce decomposition products, said decomposition produces and/or reaction products of said decomposition products with other components of the electrolytic bath being deposited on the strip material as a brittle layer along with the cobalt or the cobalt alloy.
Patent PL-357953-A1 (PL)
Title: Composite profile and method for producing a composite profile
Inventor: HABICHT SIEGFRIED
IPC: E06B3/273
Filed: 2001-03-26
Abstract: The invention relates to a composite profile and to a method for the producing a composite profile. The profile is configured as an assembly with at least one metal profile and at least one insulating profile, wherein a tolerance-compensating gap is located between a metal profile and an insulating profile.
Patent PL-361700-A1 (PL)
Title: Methods of synthesizing an oxidant and applications thereof
Inventor: CIAMPI LEE EDWARD
IPC: B01D21/01
Filed: 2001-07-12
Abstract: Novel methods and devices for synthesizing ferrate and uses thereof are described. One aspect of the invention relates to synthesizing ferrate at a site proximal to the site of use, another aspect of the invention relates to devices and methods for synthesizing ferrate.
Patent PL-362567-A1 (PL)
Title: Nonabrasive media with accelerated chemistry
Inventor: HOLLAND JERRY DWAYNE
IPC: B24B31/06
Filed: 2002-01-07
Abstract: The invention is an improvement in the metal finishing processes disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,818,333. The improvement arises in the use of nonabrasive media, such as stainless steel or plastic, in combination with chemicals that are reactive to the metal surface processed. The invention also includes metal articles finished using this process.
Patent PL-364458-A1 (PL)
Title: N-(2-arylethyl)benzylamines as antagonists of the 5-ht6
Inventor: CHEN ZHAOGEN
IPC: C07D471/04
Filed: 2002-03-15
Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of formula (I), which are antagonists of the 5-HT6 receptor.
Patent PL-369453-A1 (PL)
Title: Methods for improving the aesthetic appearance of skin
Inventor: PTCHELINTSEV DMITRI S
IPC: A61K8/00
Filed: 2002-12-12
Abstract: There are provided methods and compositions for improving the aesthetic appearance of akin, treating rosacea and/or telangiectasia, and treating the signs of dermatological aging. The method is directed to topically applying to an affected area an effective amount of mangostin, an analog thereof, or a combination thereof.
Patent PL-371104-A1 (PL)
Title: Method for making a mould and for producing an elastomeric skin
Inventor: DE WINTER HUGO
IPC: B29C33/38
Filed: 2003-03-25
Abstract: A method for making a mould (26) for producing an elastomeric skin which shows a texture. The required negative of this texture is provided on the mould surface by cutting the desired texture in the liner structure (24) used to form the mould surface; and/or by providing a master model (14) and by making the liner structure as an impression of the master model (14). The master model itself is provided with the desired texture by cutting this desired texture in the master model (14) or by using an elastic sheet material (12) forming the surface of the master model. The desired texture is either cut in the elastic sheet material (12) or the elastic sheet material (12) is made as an impression of a starting material (1) by moulding a flowable impression material having a Brookfield viscosity at application temperature smaller than 100 Pa.s, preferably smaller than 50 Pa.s, or even lower. By the use of such low viscous impression materials, a texture of a better quality can be achieved on the mould surface.
Patent PL-395303-A1 (PL)
Title: Method and system for controlling access to sensitive digital image content
Inventor: DZIECH ANDRZEJ
IPC: G06F12/14
Filed: 2011-06-16
Abstract: The method for restricting access to sensitive contents of digital images using the digital watermarking technique for encoding and decoding sensitive contents of images is characterized in that the sensitive contents of an image are obscured, and the information necessary for the high quality reconstruction is encoded in the insensitive area of the transmitted image by modification of the DCT spectrum coefficients. The information concerning the obscured contents is retained by means of transform coefficients and processed independently. Noise with statistics identical to that of the digital watermark is inserted into the image after decoding. The system contains encoding unit including acquisition module connected with sensitive contents encoding module through sensitive patterns automatic detection module with attached memory buffer. Also, acquisition module is connected directly with sensitive contents encoding module and with compression module. In the decoding unit, stream decoding module is connected with image sensitive contents decoding module.
Patent PL-397001-A1 (PL)
Inventor: GRZEBYK WIESLAW
IPC: E21F17/18
Filed: 2011-11-17
Abstract: Sposób kontroli statecznosci warstw stropowych w kopalniach podziemnych, scisle zwiazany ze zmianami nachylenia otwartej powierzchni stropu, polega na tym, ze w wybranych lokalizacjach stropu montuje sie za pomoca róznych technik dwu lub trójosiowe czujniki nachylenia do stropu wyrobiska. W wersji podstawowej czujniki te orientuje sie jedna z osi pomiarowych prostopadle do osi wyrobiska, w bliskiej odleglosci od punktów podparcia odslonietej warstwy stropu. Zasada prostopadlosci obowiazuje takze w innych przypadkach, tzn. wzgledem potencjalnej osi najwiekszego ugiecia warstw stropowych, wynikajacych np. z ich niejednorodnosci. Ocene statecznosci warstw stropowych dokonuje sie poprzez pomiar wielkosci przyrostu zmian mierzonego kata nachylenia warstw stropowych, przy czym wartosc kryterialna wyznacza sie indywidualnie dla kazdego rejonu eksploatacyjnego, na podstawie obserwowanych uprzednio przejawów niestatecznosci. Dla celów ruchowych przekroczenie wartosci kryterialnej sygnalizowane jest migotaniem diody sygnalizacyjnej o okreslonej barwie. Aparature pomiarowa stanowi dwu lub trójosiowy czujnik nachylenia w ksztalcie prostopadloscianu, o dlugosci boków wynoszacych kilka centymetrów, skladajacy sie z przetworników nachylenia, mikrokontrolera zarzadzajacego, pamieci statycznej, wymiennej baterii zasilajacej, diody sygnalizacyjnej, zegara czasu rzeczywistego oraz przewodu sygnalowego. Nastawianie parametrów pracy czujnika i odczytywania danych pomiarowych dokonuje sie za pomoca komputera poprzez koncentrator komunikacyjny.
Patent PL-399209-A1 (PL)
Inventor: BANACH MARCIN
IPC: B82Y40/00
Filed: 2012-05-17
Abstract: Sposób modyfikacji ksztaltu nanoczastek srebra polega na tym, ze wodny roztwór soli srebra miesza sie z roztworem stabilizatora, ustala pH, a nastepnie taka mieszanine ogrzewa sie do temperatury od 100°C do 200°C, podnosi cisnienie do wartosci nie wiekszej niz 20 bar, po czym miesza z roztworem reduktora i ogrzewa ciagle mieszajac od 1 do 60 minut.
Patent PL-401146-A1 (PL)
Inventor: FRĄCKOWIAK PAWEŁ
IPC: A01F12/40
Filed: 2012-10-10
Abstract: Przedmiotem wynalazku jest sposób cięcia brykietów ze słomy do standaryzowanej długości, znajdujący zastosowanie jako wyposażenie stacjonarnych i polowych urządzeń technologicznych do wytwarzania ekologicznego paliwa z biomasy. Sposób polega na tym, że wysuwający się sprasowany wałek słomy (23) jest podawany na walcowe obrotowe rolki (19), a po osiągnięciu założonej długości włącza się siłownik elektrohydrauliczny z tłokiem dwustronnego działania, gdzie w pozycji początkowego cyklu pracy pociąga za sobą karetkę posuwem wzdłużnym z szybkością wysuwającego się wałka sprasowanej słomy 23. Stałą pozycję karetki zapewnia pręt stabilizujący (18), połączony z korpusem, którego obejmują widełki (14) dźwigni (13) karetki. Razem z karetką przesuwa się ruchem zwrotnym i poprzecznym nadbudowana na karetce obrotowa tuleja wraz z piłą tarczową (1), silnikiem, ramieniem piły tarczowej (3), dźwignią sterującą (5) wzornika, sprężyną powrotną (6) piły tarczowej (1) i widełkami (14). Przedmiotem wynalazku jest również przyrząd do cięcia brykietów ze słomy o standaryzowanej długości.
Patent PL-402820-A1 (PL)
Inventor: Cieślak Henryk
IPC: F03B1/00
Filed: 2013-02-18
Abstract: Urządzenie wykorzystujące energię pływu fal morskich do napędu prądnic spoczywa na czterech palach stalowych (1) o profilu zamkniętym wbitych w dno morza. Do czół przednich pali od strony morza przymocowane są panwie (3), w których spoczywa na łożyskach wał napędowy (4). Urządzenie wykorzystujące energię pływu fal morskich do napędu prądnic, charakteryzuje się tym, że do wału napędowego (4) na pewnej jego długości dospawane są cztery łopaty (5) otrzymujące napęd od każdej dopływającej fali powodującej ich prawoskrętny obrót. Na końcach wału napędowego osadzone są na stałe koła zębate (7), które za pomocą łańcuchów przenoszą napęd na koła zębatek (8), które mają tylko obroty prawe robocze i współpracujące z kołami zamachowymi (9). Każde koło zamachowe spoczywa na ułożyskowanej osi w piaście, której końce są nagwintowane i zamocowane nakrętkami w wycięciach tarcz (10). Tarcze (10) przyspawane są do obu boków przedniego i tylnego pala - po lewej i prawej stronie urządzenia. Z kół zamachowych (9) napęd przenoszony jest za pomocą pasków klinowych na prądnice (11), które przymocowane są śrubami do grubej blachy (12).
Patent PL-403217-A1 (PL)
Inventor: GRZEGOREK JAN
IPC: H04L12/00
Filed: 2013-03-19
Abstract: Opracowany sposób prognozowania dynamicznego wykorzystuje funkcję logistyczną, funkcję Gompertza, model Dwuinercyjny, które to modele zostały empirycznie dobrane jako najlepiej oddające dynamikę zjawiska. Ponieważ zjawisko penetracji społecznej nowych technik charakteryzuje się opóźnieniami i bezwładnością i procesy te przebiegają powoli, możliwe jest ich stosunkowo wiarygodne prognozowanie.