baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent DE-10317102-A1 (DE)
Title: Verfahren zum Ermitteln einer Position einer Unterbrechnung in einem Schaltkreis
Inventor: HSU HSIN CHOU
IPC: G01R31/11
Filed: 2003-04-14
Abstract: Verfahren zum Ermitteln einer Position einer Unterbrechung in einem Schaltkreis. Ein Verfahren zum Ermitteln der Position einer Unterbrechung in einem Schaltkreis ist bereitgestellt, mittels dessen der Bereich eines Verbindungsfehlers zwischen Komponenten in einem System auf einem nichtzerstörerischen Wege ermittelt und analysiert werden kann. Ein Zeitbereichsreflektometer wird verwendet, um eine reflektierte Wellenform einer Mehrzahl von Standardfehler-Mustern zu messen und zu speichern. Als Nächstes wird dann eine reflektierte Wellenform eines zu testenden Objekts gemessen und aufgezeichnet. Schließlich wird die reflektierte Wellenform des zu testenden Objekts mit denen der Muster verglichen, um die Position einer Unterbrechung zu ermitteln.
Patent DE-10317133-A1 (DE)
Inventor: HABERMANN JUTTA
IPC: A47C3/04
Filed: 2003-04-14
Abstract: The chair is assembled of a seat (1) and a backrest (2) made all of a piece and a metal frame (3) with two u-shaped units (4, 5) of a front and a rear leg. The units (4, 5) are joined with two transversal bars (7) located underneath the seat (1). A horizontal bar (8, 9) inserted into each of the leg units (4, 5) slightly below the horizontal u-segment (6) is fitted with two inwards pointing projections (10) keeping the seats (1) at a distance when several chairs are stacked. The outer surfaces of the bars (8, 9) are provided with hook elements (12), socket elements (11) respectively, to be engaged in order to join two adjacent chairs.
Patent DE-10317323-A1 (DE)
Title: Wärmetauscher mit vorstehendem Fluidkanal
Inventor: YAMAUCHI YOSHIYUKI
IPC: B23K1/00
Filed: 2003-04-15
Abstract: Ein Wärmeaustausch-Plattenelement (12) weist ein Paar Wärmeaustausch-Platten (12a, 12b) auf, deren jede vorstehende Rippen (14, 140) und einen Fluidkanal bildende Bereiche (15) aufweist, die abwechselnd angeordnet sind. Die Platten des Paars sind miteinander derart verbunden, dass die vorstehenden Rippen, die in den Platten ausgebildet sind, nach außen gewandt sind, und die vorstehenden Rippen, die in einer der Platten ausgebildet sind, sind mit den einen Fluidkanal bildenden Bereichen, die in den anderen Platten ausgebildet sind, bei einer Temperatur verbunden, bei der die Festigkeit des Materials bei einem Verbindungsvorgang nicht herabgesetzt wird.
Patent DE-10318605-A1 (DE)
Title: Tragbares Gerät
Inventor: HIRUNUMA KEN
IPC: G03B13/06
Filed: 2003-04-24
Abstract: Ein tragbares Gerät umfasst einen Rahmen (48), ein an dem Rahmen (48) angebrachtes Gehäuse (10) und ein Anzeigefeld (83). Das Anzeigefeld (83) ist direkt mit dem Rahmen (48) verbunden und zwischen einer eingeklappten Stellung und einer Anzeigestellung bewegbar. In dem Gehäuse (10) ist eine Durchtrittsöffnung (87) ausgebildet. Wird das Anzeigefeld (83) in eine vorbestimmte Stellung zwischen der eingeklappten Stellung und der Anzeigestellung gebracht, so kann es durch die Durchtrittsöffnung (87) geführt werden, um das Gehäuse (10) an dem Rahmen (48) anzubringen oder von diesem zu lösen.
Patent DE-10319373-A1 (DE)
Title: Selbstbräuner enthaltende kosmetische Stifte
Inventor: MUELLER ANJA
IPC: A61K8/04
Filed: 2003-04-30
Abstract: Stiftförmige kosmetische Zubereitungen, die ein oder mehrere selbstbräunende Substanzen und gegebenenfalls weitere kosmetische und/oder dermatologische Wirk-, Hilfs- und Zusatzstoffe enthalten.
Patent DE-10319868-A1 (DE)
Title: Fuel pressure control valve for motor vehicle fuel injection has piezo-electric element to move closure forming part of spring mass system
Inventor: JAENKER PETER
IPC: F02M59/46
Filed: 2003-05-03
Abstract: The fuel pressure control valve (1) has a through flow opening (22) with a movable closure (24) with a piezo-electric element (25) to actuate it. A spring (27) forms a spring-mass system with the closure and piezo-electric element so that the closure is pressed against a seat (31) in the through flow opening. The closure, the piezo-electric element and an additional mass (26) can be arranged in a row.
Patent DE-10321119-A1 (DE)
Title: Marker for identifying functional points on implants, is arranged on catheter within functional point area of implant e.g. stent for easy arrangement and positioning of implant in human or animal body
Inventor: ANHALT HOLGER
IPC: A61F2/00
Filed: 2003-05-09
Abstract: The marker (4) is arranged on a catheter (1) within the functional point area (3) of an implant (2) e.g. stent for easy arrangement and positioning of the implant in a human or animal body. End markers (5,6) are added to tag the beginning (7) and the end (8) of the catheter. The implant is removably arranged on the catheter. An independent claim is included for the catheter and implant set.
Patent DE-10321129-A1 (DE)
Title: Sleeping aid for baby, comprising rotating drums accommodated inside housing and moving pram
IPC: B62B9/22
Filed: 2003-05-14
Abstract: The wheels (2) of the pram with the baby accommodated inside are positio guned on top of a housing (1) equipped with a drive (3) moving several rotating drums (4, 6) at an adjustable speed (5) and provided with non-slip elements at the bottom. The drums (4, 6) can be of various irregular shapes in order to imitate the pram being pushed across an uneven surface. The unit can be additionally equipped with a baby-monitor and/or a video camera and operated with a remote control.
Patent DE-10322344-A1 (DE)
Title: Verfahren zur Erwärmung von Bauteilen
Inventor: CZERNER STEFAN OLIVER
IPC: H05B3/00
Filed: 2003-05-17
Abstract: Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Erwärmung von Bauteilen vor und/oder während einer weiteren Bearbeitung derselben. DOLLAR A Erfindungsgemäß wird zur Erwärmung als Energiequelle mindestens eine Lasereinrichtung verwendet (Fig. 1).
Patent DE-10323010-A1 (DE)
Title: Air-cooled electrical machine with ventilation fan fitted to rotor shaft and separate cooling paths for stator and rotor
Inventor: EL FALAKI MAHMOUD ADEL
IPC: H02K9/06
Filed: 2003-05-21
Abstract: The electrical machine has a stator (3) enclosing a coaxial rotor (2), mounted on a rotor shaft (1), fitted with an axial ventilation fan (9) for cooling the stator. The hub (10) of the ventilation fan has one or more axial openings (13) for feeding cooling air to the rotor. An independent claim for a method for cooling an electrical machine is also included.
Patent DE-10329915-A1 (DE)
Title: Vorrichtungen und Verfahren für die Bestimmung einer zulässigen Bestrahlung der menschlichen Haut mit UV-Strahlung
Inventor: HAHL MARKUS
IPC: A61B5/103
Filed: 2003-07-02
Abstract: Um verifizierbare und reproduzierbare Aussagen hinsichtlich der maximalen Strahlendosis und/oder der maximalen Bestrahlungszeit eines Probanden mit einer UV-Stahlungsquelle vornehmen zu können, wird eine Vorrichtung für die Bestimmung der zulässigen Bestrahlungsdauer und/oder Bestrahlungsdosis vorgeschlagen, die einen UV-Strahler 7 für die Abgabe einer UV-Strahlung, einen UV-Sensor 8 für die Aufnahme der in und/oder an der Haut remittierten UV-Strahlung und eine Auswertevorrichtung für die Bestimmung der Strahlungsabsorption aufweist. Insbesondere mit einer derartigen Vorrichtung erfolgt eine individuelle Vermessung der Absorption der Erythem wirksamen UV-Strahlung in einer eine Lichtschwiele ausbildenden Schicht der Haut eines Probanden, wobei eine Zuordnung eines Schwellenwertes einer UV-Bestrahlung erfolgt.
Patent DE-10330887-A1 (DE)
Title: Laderaumsystem für Kraftfahrzeuge
Inventor: ALLIGER ROLF
IPC: B60R5/04
Filed: 2003-07-09
Abstract: Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Abdeckelement (1) für Kraftfahrzeuge mit zwei Längsseiten (3.1, 3.2) und zwei hierzu quer verlaufenden Querseiten (4.1, 4.2) sowie mindestens einem ersten Schwenkscharnier (2.1). Das Abdeckelement (1) ist zumindest über einen Teil der Längsseiten (3.1, 3.2) im Bereich einer Kraftfahrzeugseitenwand (5) in etwa parallel zu einem Kraftfahrzeugboden (6) mit einem ersten Lager (8.1) verbindbar, wobei das parallel zur Querseite (4.1) angeordnete erste Schwenkscharnier (2.1) das Abdeckelement (1) in ein erstes Abdeckteil (1.1) und ein zweites Abdeckteil (1.2) gliedert. Zumindest das erste Abdeckteil (1.1) ist über ein zweites Lager (8.2) an einer Kraftfahrzeugseitenwand (5) und/oder über ein drittes Lager (8.3) am Kraftfahrzeugboden (6) verbindbar und in etwa rechtwinklig zum Kraftfahrzeugboden (6) innerhalb des Laderaums als Trennwand fixierbar. Das zweite Abdeckteil (1.2) ist dabei zwischen zwei horizontalen Positionen von vorne nach hinten um 180 DEG verschwenkbar.
Patent DE-10332855-A1 (DE)
Title: Verfahren zum Bilden einer Mikrostruktur auf einem Substrat unter Verwendung einer Resiststruktur, und Restistoberflächenbehandlungsmittel
Inventor: ISHIBASHI TAKEO
IPC: G03F7/38
Filed: 2003-07-18
Abstract: Eine Resistschicht (1) wird auf einen Siliciumwafer (W) aufgebracht. Dann wird eine Belichtung durch eine Belichtungsmaske (M) hindurch vorgenommen, gefolgt von einem Nachbelichtungs-Härten. Nach dem Nachbelichtungs-Härten wird auf den Siliciumwafer (W) eine Resistoberflächenbehandlungsmittel-Membran (2) aufgebracht, wonach Mischhärten durchgeführt wird. Beim Mischhärten wird ein resistverstärkter Bereich (R) gebildet. Anschließend wird ein nichtumgesetzter Bereich (2a) entfernt, und der Siliciumwafer (W) wird getrocknet. Der Siliciumwafer (W) wird einer Plasma-Trockenentwicklung unterzogen, um eine vorbestimmte Resiststruktur zu bilden.
Patent DE-10332893-A1 (DE)
Title: Electrical connector has plug and socket units pulled together by a manual lever and cam mechanism
Inventor: RIMKE KERSTEN
IPC: H01R13/629
Filed: 2003-07-19
Abstract: A pair of electrical connection plug and socket parts [2,3] are pulled into engagement by operating a manual lever mechanism[7]. This is hinge mounted onto one of the connectors and has a pair of cam tracks [13,13']. The tracks engage pins [14,14'] on the base part. When the lever is moved through an arc the parts are pulled into engagement.
Patent DE-10334023-A1 (DE)
Title: Verfahren zum Herstellen von Nadeln unterschiedlicher Dicken und Nadelsystem
Inventor: MOERTL GERHARD
IPC: D05B85/00
Filed: 2003-07-25
Abstract: Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von Nadeln unterschiedlicher Dicke, die einen Nadelkolben sowie einen mit einer Hohlkehle für den Greifer versehenen Schaft aufweisen, welches dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß die Nadeln derart geformt werden, daß der zumindest teilweise parallel zur Mittelachse des Nadelkolbens verlaufende Grund der Nadelhohlkehle jeder Nadel zumindest im Angriffsbereich des Greifers einen gleichen Abstand X zur Mittelachse des Nadelkolbens aufweist. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung muß der Greifer in vorteilhafter Weise bei einem Nadeldickenwechsel nicht neu in Bezug auf die Nadel justiert werden. Dies ermöglicht eine erhebliche Zeiteinsparung beim Nadelwechsel. Ferner wird ein entsprechendes Nadelsystem zur Verfügung gestellt.
Patent DE-10335415-A1 (DE)
Title: Wälzlager
Inventor: NEDER GUENTER
IPC: F16C19/34
Filed: 2003-08-02
Abstract: Die Erfindung betrifft ein Wälzlager (1) mit einem Außenring (2), einem Innenring (3) und zwischen diesen angeordnete Wälzkörper (4), wobei die Wälzkörper (4) durch einen Käfig (5) auf Abstand gehalten werden und wobei der Käfig (5) aus einer Anzahl einzelner Käfigsegmente (6, 6', 6'', 6''') gebildet wird. Zur Verbesserung des Laufverhaltens des Wälzlagers (1) ist vorgesehen, dass es als Kreuzkegelrollenlager ausgebildet ist, wobei jedes Käfigsegment (6, 6', 6'', 6''') zwei gegenüberliegende Führungsabschnitte (7, 8) für eine Kegelrolle (4') aufweist, die diese zumindest teilweise beidseitig umfassen, und wobei das Käfigsegment (6') für die an die beidseitig umfasste Kegelrolle (4') angrenzenden Kegelrollen (4'', 4''') jeweils einen Führungsabschnitt (9, 10) aufweist, der im Zusammenwirken mit einem entsprechenden Führungsabschnitt (11, 12), der an das Käfigsegment (6') angrenzenden Käfigsegmente (6'', 6''') die angrenzenden Kegelrollen (4'', 4''') zumindest teilweise beidseitig umfassen.
Patent DE-10342534-A1 (DE)
Title: Ultrasonic assembly, to compress and/or weld the wires of an electrical lead, has a compression zone defined only by three moving limit surfaces including the sonotrode and a counter electrode
Inventor: STEINER CHRISTIAN
IPC: B23K20/10
Filed: 2003-09-12
Abstract: Ultrasonic welding assembly has a sonotrode (12), to compress and/or weld electrical leads and especially to form passage or end knots in the wires (10). One section of the sonotrode has a limit surface (18) to define one side of the compression zone (20) which takes the lead, and the other limit surface (22) is a counter electrode (14), together with a third limit surface (24) formed by a limit unit (16). The limit surfaces form a compression zone with an open triangular cross section. As the limit surfaces are moved, the edge (30) of the counter electrode moves along the first limit surface to maintain a constant gap during compression or welding. The first limit surface is at an angle to the horizontal, and the third limit surface is vertical with the counter electrode projecting from it in a sliding movement.
Patent DE-10345011-A1 (DE)
Title: Verwendung von an Metaring bindenden Substanzen zur Diagnose und Behandlung von Krebs
Inventor: GOTTLOB KATHRIN
IPC: C12Q1/68
Filed: 2003-09-22
Abstract: Die Erfindung betrifft das neue Protein Metaring und Verwendungen von Metaring zur Diagnose und Behandlung von Krebs sowie zum Screenen nach Substanzen für solche Zwecke.
Patent DE-10346629-A1 (DE)
Inventor: KELLER REINHARD
IPC: B31B50/00
Filed: 2003-10-08
Abstract: The control (10) is for a machine comprising a drive motor, which transports sheets of paper from shaping device. Here the sheets of paper are shaped into paper packing material, which is then cut to the desired length in the cutting device. The control provides for the automatic memorization of a manually selected storage length.
Patent DE-10349874-A1 (DE)
Title: Connector for ribbon cable has two sections with lead-in slopes that engage each other in starting position and generate force perpendicular to longitudinal direction when sections are moved relative to each other longitudinally
Inventor: CADUS BERND
IPC: H01R12/24
Filed: 2003-10-25
Abstract: The device has a first section (10) for inserting the cable (16) and a second section (12) associated with a component (42) contact section (43). Both sections have a lead-in slope (24,26) that engage each other in a starting position when assembling the sections together and generate a force perpendicular to the longitudinal direction when the sections are moved relative to each other longitudinally so the cable is pressed against the contact section of the second connector section while moving longitudinally.
Patent DE-10360253-A1 (DE)
Title: Valve for controlling of especially gas has fluid flow controllable through outlet orifices formed on perforated disc installed in recess formed in valve cartridge
Inventor: MILLER FRANK
IPC: F16K31/06
Filed: 2003-12-20
Abstract: The valve for the controlling of a fluid, and especially a gas, includes a shut-off component (19) which interacts with a valve seat (21) in such a way that a fluid flow is controllable through outlet orifices (29) leading to an outlet side (12) of the valve. The outlet orifices are formed on a perforated disc (27) which is installed in a recess formed in a valve cartridge (22). The perforated disc is a stamped out component or may be formed according to a micro-galvanic process.
Patent DE-10360353-A1 (DE)
Title: Laser cutting nozzle for range of materials has a tapered profile with a concave outer surface
Inventor: JAEGER HORST
IPC: B23K26/14
Filed: 2003-12-22
Abstract: The nozzle used for laser cutting has a section [A] that is used for mounting and a focussing section [B] that has a concave shape [D]. Internally the unit has a central channel that has a cone shaped profile [3]. The external angle of the nozzle should be approximately 30 degrees.
Patent DE-10360789-A1 (DE)
Inventor: LOHMANN LUTZ
IPC: F16P3/14
Filed: 2003-12-23
Abstract: The device (1) for the monitoring of a coverage area (2) of a working equipment has a lighting unit (3) emitting light beams (6) to illuminate the coverage area, and a camera (4) for the establishing of two dimensional pictures of the coverage area. The camera has a line-form arrangement of receiving elements, the output signal of which are evaluated in a computer. For each receiving element a distance value is determined from the light transit time of the light beams emitted by the lighting unit and reflected back from the coverage area. The working equipment is set in operation only when there is no object in the coverage area.
Patent DE-10360929-A1 (DE)
Title: Reciprocating saw for cutting material e.g. metal conduit, has adjustment assembly to adjust range of movement of counterweight relative to housing and counterweight drive mechanism operated to move counterweight relative to housing
Inventor: JAMES THOMAS P
IPC: B23D51/16
Filed: 2003-12-23
Abstract: A counterweight assembly (135) is supported when moved relative to a housing. The movement of counterweight assembly balances at least a portion of movement of a spindle. A counterweight drive mechanism is operated to move the counterweight relative to the housing. An adjustment assembly (40) is operated to adjust the range of movement of counterweight relative to the housing. A spindle drive mechanism, connected between a motor and a spindle, is operated to reciprocate the spindle. Independent claims are also included for the following: (a) a reciprocating saw operation method; and (b) a reciprocating device.
Patent DE-19503430-A1 (DE)
Title: Synthetic material pillar warning sign
Inventor: RINN HELMUT
IPC: E01F9/20
Filed: 1995-02-03
Abstract: The pillar sign (1) has a luminescent panel integrated in to it formed from at least one fibre optic cable (3) with several fibre cores. An external light source directs light through the optical fibres to illuminate the luminescent panel. The pillar can be cast in synthetic stone or similar material with the emitting end of the cable flush with the pillar surface. The optical cable can be inserted in recesses and not permanently cast into the sign.
Patent DE-19504332-A1 (DE)
Title: Injection moulding and assembling of prods. with several parts
Inventor: SIEWERT GEORG
IPC: B29C45/00
Filed: 1995-02-10
Abstract: A claimed process for injection moulding and assembling of a prod. having several parts uses a tool (A1,A2), also claimed, with alternating positions for injecting and assembling the parts. Process stages involve injecting parts in the injection cavities (C1,C3,C5,C7,C9), moving the tool and assembling the parts in the assembling cavities (C2,C4,C6,C8,C10) on to a previous part or assembly of parts.
Patent DE-19505431-A1 (DE)
Title: Power control system for hybrid-drive motor vehicle with power-converting elements
Inventor: GOETZ GEORG
IPC: B60W20/00
Filed: 1995-02-17
Abstract: The elements concerned are e.g. the combustion engine, generator, traction motor, stepped or continuously variable transmission (CVT), or an electrical energy reservoir (battery, gyroscope or supercapacitor). Factors influencing their efficiency include rotational speed and power or torque, transmission ratio, battery charge, and temp. The control system determines the overall efficiency from the efficiencies of the individual elements. It calculates and adjusts a value for each influencing factor and each element in order to arrive at the optimum.
Patent DE-19508531-A1 (DE)
Title: Dual use of combustible gas as diluent and energy source or raw material
Inventor: HEFNER WERNER DR
IPC: C07C51/25
Filed: 1995-03-10
Abstract: Continuous gas phase partial oxidn. of an organic cpd. (I) with heterogeneous catalyst in an oxidn. reactor uses a charge gas mixt. contg. (I) O2 and an inert diluent gas (II), which consists partly of combustible gases (IIA). The novelty is that the (IIA) fraction of (II) in the prod. gas stream leaving the oxidn. reactor is not recycled to partial oxidn. but used in another chemical reaction.
Patent DE-19517085-A1 (DE)
Title: Impulse detector for nuclear physics applications
IPC: G01R19/04
Filed: 1995-05-14
Abstract: In nuclear physics measuring techniques the electrical loadings produced through particle detectors are very small and of very short duration. However an impulse detector with a storage capacitor and a switching circuit over three transistors will measure pulses in the pico- and nano-second amplitude ranges and millivolt region. The detector has no capacitor for the collector and the voltage serving the storage capacitor is virtually nil. All channels are supplied by only one load voltage source and by first, second and third management voltage sources. All output channels are connected to a switching circuit which produces a voltage value from their voltage maxima. The minimum number of inexpensive components is used.
Patent DE-19529573-A1 (DE)
Title: Method and appliance for producing laminates, esp. furniture - involve roll wound from paper, cardboard or fibreboard, glue and core
Inventor: MOESSNER EUGEN KARL
IPC: B32B29/00
Filed: 1995-08-11
Abstract: Paper, cardboard or fibreboard is coated with glue and wound into a roll (2), and then compacted and or moulded, and hardened in a press. The roll is wound onto a core (3) made of lightweight material, and remaining in the moulding. The core is mainly made of honeycomb paper material (4) and consists of an inner hollow roll and at least one layer of the honeycomb paper on top of it. the separate paper layers are at right angles to the outer surface of the inner roll.
Patent DE-19530910-A1 (DE)
Inventor: MAIER HORST R PROF DR ING
IPC: G01N27/411
Filed: 1995-08-23
Abstract: In order to be able to measure the concentration of fluorine ions or a metallic fluoride ratio in a melt (18) or gas mixture, the invention proposes a device which comprises a solid electrolyte (1) of calcium fluoride, a reference electrode (2) made of a metal and the corresponding metallic fluoride, and a voltage-measuring device (3) which can be connected both to the reference electrode (2) and to the melt (18) or gas mixture acting as the working electrode via a diverter (4 and 5).
Patent DE-19533667-A1 (DE)
Title: Tunnel drying kiln for ceramic mouldings
Inventor: BERENTELG RAINER DIPL ING
IPC: C04B33/20
Filed: 1995-09-12
Abstract: A tunnel dryer has, at its side and adjoining the drying space, auxiliary air supply systems which include one or more fans and which are connected and locally laterally delimited by air inlet and outlet openings of the drying space. The novelty is that (a) the auxiliary air supply systems (4) are in the form of air circulators, through which an air sub-stream (B) is bled from the main drying air stream (A) through a single air entry opening (6) contiguous with the drying space and is returned to the main drying air stream (A) at a downstream point through a single contiguous outlet opening (7) so that an internal horizontal circulating flow is created in a partial width region of the drying tunnel (1).
Patent DE-19533692-A1 (DE)
Title: Security device for cycles and motorcycles
Inventor: SPORER ROBERT
IPC: B62H5/20
Filed: 1995-09-12
Abstract: Security device in which the blocking member (6) contains a fluid held under negative pressure. The alarm device (18) is set off by a pressure drop in the blocking member. An end section (5) of the blocking member is fixed to the hub (3) of a spring loaded restraint drum (2). The interior of the blocking member is connected to a cylinder (10) containing a piston (9) which in the extended state actuates a microswitch (8).
Patent DE-19534533-A1 (DE)
Title: Domed roof made from small copper sheets
IPC: E04G23/03
Filed: 1995-09-08
Abstract: The roof structure (2) is made up of copper sheet sections (4) with the folded joints (5) distributed in a pattern over the entire surface of the roof. Each joint is formed using a spreader wedge (6) and a tensioning piece (8).  The wedge acts on the sheet surface above the formwork (3) which determines the shape of the roof, and an array of joints (14) is created on the underside.