baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent WO-2020087199-A1 (WO)
Title: Power supply for lamp
Inventor: HE XINGMING
IPC: H05B37/02
Filed: 2018-10-29
Abstract: A power supply for a lamp is provided. An adjustment signal is detected and processed by a first controller (101) on a primary side, and the processed adjustment signal is transmitted to a second controller (102) on a secondary side via an isolator (103). Thus, the quality of the adjustment signal is ensured in the transmission, and the output state of the power supply may be adjusted accurately by the second controller (102) on the secondary side. Furthermore, no additional circuit for translating and encoding or decoding signals is needed.
Patent WO-2019085871-A1 (WO)
Title: 净水器
Inventor: ZHANG XINGZHI
IPC: C02F9/02
Filed: 2018-10-30
Abstract: 一种净水器，该净水器包括复合滤芯（10），复合滤芯（10）包括滤壳（100）、滤芯组件（200）、密封圈（300）以及转接头（400），滤壳（100）设有连通其内腔的第一接头（110），第一接头（110）的内壁面凸设有沿第一接头（110）的周向延伸的第一环形抵接部（111）；滤芯组件（200）包括初级滤芯（210）和次级滤芯（220）；密封圈（300）套设于第二接头（211）上，并与第一环形抵接部（111）密封抵接；转接头（400）与第一接头（110）和第二接头（211）插接配合上；密封圈（300）与第一接头（110）之间设置有第一限位结构，以使得密封圈（300）与第一接头（110）的内壁面间隔设置。
Patent WO-2019096023-A1 (WO)
Title: 一种Pscell的切换方法及设备
Inventor: LIU AIJUAN
IPC: H04W36/00
Filed: 2018-11-05
Abstract: 本申请公开了一种Pscell的切换方法及设备，所述方法包括，辅基站SN确定用户设备UE切换的目标Pscell位于目标分布节点gNB-DU；所述SN将携带隧道端点标识TEID的消息发送给主基站MN，以使得所述MN与所述UE通过所述目标gNB-DU进行数据交换，所述TEID用于标识所述目标gNB-DU与所述MN之间的数据链路。
Patent WO-2020097927-A1 (WO)
Title: 通话控制方法和装置、计算机可读存储介质、电子设备
Inventor: LI YAJUN
IPC: H04M1/725
Filed: 2018-11-16
Abstract: 一种通话控制方法和装置、计算机可读存储介质、电子设备，通话控制方法，应用于具有多个音频传输通道的电子设备，包括：获取电子设备处于通话状态的第一音频传输通道(302)；监听目标应用程序在通话状态中是否产生用于设置第二音频传输通道的操作(304)；当目标应用程序在后台运行且产生操作时，禁止目标应用程序开启第二音频传输通道，以维持第一音频传输通道进行通话(306)。
Patent WO-2019109990-A1 (WO)
Inventor: FENG XU
IPC: H04N5/232
Filed: 2018-12-07
Abstract: La présente invention concerne un procédé de photographie utilisant une image locale comme arrière-plan, un support d'enregistrement et un terminal mobile. Le procédé comprend les étapes suivantes : sélection, lorsqu'une fonction de photographie d'un arrière-plan virtuel est sélectionnée, d'une image locale, prise d'une photographie en plaçant un objet photographié entre une paroi d'arrière-plan solide et un appareil photo, et mise en œuvre d'un traitement DSP sur une image de l'objet photographié, de façon à obtenir une image à effet matifiant de pixels de l'objet photographié; et fusion, sur la base d'un algorithme de Poisson, de l'image à effet matifiant de pixels de l'objet photographié avec l'image locale sélectionnée, de façon à obtenir une image fusionnée en utilisant l'image locale en tant qu'arrière-plan.
Patent WO-2019128719-A1 (WO)
Title: 把手组件及包括其的吻合器
Inventor: CHEN ZHI
IPC: A61B17/326
Filed: 2018-12-12
Abstract: 一种把手组件及包括其的吻合器，其中包括第一把手(1)和第二把手(2)，第一把手(1)和第二把手(2)均可绕第一销轴(31)旋转，并且第二把手(2)通过第一扭簧(32)复位，第一把手(1)通过把手复位件复位，第一把手(1)或第二把手(2)上设置有滑块(42)和滑槽(41)，当滑块(42)从滑槽(41)的第一段(411)向第二段(412)移动时，第一把手(1)和第二把手(2)从不联动状态进入联动状态。在吻合器未达到可击发状态时，可以按动第一把手(1)，但是第二把手(2)不会旋转，也就不会击发吻合器；通过两个扭簧(32，34)和两个销轴(31，33)的设计，第一把手(1)和第二把手(2)可旋转连接并可以实现复位，并且两个把手(1，2)绕同一个旋转中心旋转，失效状态和击发状态的旋转中心不变，结构更加稳定，操作者的使用体验更好。
Patent WO-2020015296-A1 (WO)
Title: Multi-split cold and hot water unit
Inventor: ZHANG LONGAI
IPC: F25B13/00
Filed: 2018-12-17
Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of refrigeration devices, and provides a multi-split cold and hot water unit. The multi-split cold and hot water unit comprises: an outdoor heat exchanger unit (1), an indoor heat exchanger unit (2), a heating heat exchanger unit (3), and a regulating valve (4); the regulating valve (4) comprises ports which are respectively communicated with refrigerant inlet/outlet pipelines of the outdoor heat exchanger unit (1), the indoor heat exchanger unit (2), and the heating heat exchanger unit (3), and a regulating member for switching the communication relationship of refrigerant flow paths between the plurality of ports. The multi-split cold and hot water unit can realize flexible matching of various water path conveying modes such as refrigeration, heating, and floor heating, thereby greatly simplifying the water path mounting complexity of the multi-split cold and hot water unit; the multi-split cold and hot water unit has the advantages of reducing mounting costs, improving pipeline mounting convenience, greatly reducing water path running resistance, and improving user experience.
Patent WO-2019179186-A1 (WO)
Title: 振膜和扬声器
Inventor: CHANG XIULI
IPC: H04R9/06
Filed: 2018-12-19
Abstract: 本实用新型公开一种振膜和扬声器，振膜包括：碳纤维框架，所述碳纤维框架由多根碳纤维丝共同构成；所述碳纤维框架内分布有若干个填充间隙；以及振膜填料，所述振膜填料填充在所述填充间隙内。本实用新型的技术方案所提供的振膜，同时具备高杨氏模量及低密度，从而可使得具备该振膜的扬声器获得较好的高频频响曲线。
Patent WO-2020124507-A1 (WO)
Inventor: TANG YONGBING
IPC: H01M4/505
Filed: 2018-12-20
Abstract: 本申请提供了一种晶体材料及制备方法和应用、电池正极活性材料、电池正极材料及电池和用电设备，涉及电池正极活性材料技术领域，所述晶体材料的分子式为KLi 3 Tm(C 2 O 4 ) 3 ，所述Tm为过渡金属，所述过渡金属选自Co、Ni、Mn、Cu、Zn、Ti、V和Cr中的至少一种；改善了现有钾离子电池正极活性材料种类有限，其利用其制成的钾离子电池的电化学性能并不理想的技术问题，本申请提供的晶体材料同时具有钾离子和锂离子，既能够应用于钾离子电池作为正极活性材料，也能够用于锂离子电池作为正极活性材料，有效扩大了电池正极活性材料的种类，提高了电池容量。
Patent WO-2020082583-A1 (WO)
Title: Theft and damage insurance claim method and apparatus, and server and medium
Inventor: TANG QI
IPC: G06Q40/08
Filed: 2018-12-26
Abstract: Provided are a theft and damage insurance claim method and apparatus, and a server and a medium. The method comprises: when a theft and damage insurance claim application for a target product is received from a terminal, querying theft and damage insurance information, recorded on a blockchain, of the target product, wherein the theft and damage insurance information of the target product comprises a target product identifier, a target insurance status and target insurance details, the target insurance details comprise the insured amount and an insurance record, and the blockchain is generated according to the theft and damage insurance information of the multiple insured products; when the target insurance status is "claimed", outputting claim rejection prompt information to the terminal; and when the target insurance status is "insured", performing claim settlement processing on the target product according to the target insurance details and registering, on the blockchain, the target insurance status as being claimed. By means of the present application, an insurance fraud behavior such as repeated insurance fraud regarding theft and damage insurance can be effectively avoided by means of theft and damage insurance information of each insured product.
Patent WO-2019144912-A1 (WO)
Inventor: WU YUCHUAN
IPC: A61K31/46
Filed: 2019-01-24
Abstract: 提供了一种式（I）所示的β-内酰胺酶抑制剂或其酯、立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐及其制备方法，以及包含式（I）所示的β-内酰胺酶抑制剂或其酯、立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐的药物组合物；和治疗细菌感染导致的疾病的方法，包括向有需要的患者或受试者施用式（I）所示的β-内酰胺酶抑制剂或其酯、立体异构体、以及药学上可接受的盐。
Patent WO-2019154133-A1 (WO)
Inventor: ZHANG QIANG
IPC: A61K31/519
Filed: 2019-01-25
Abstract: 本发明公开了具有式（I）的二噁烷并喹啉类化合物或其可药用盐。本发明还提供了一种式（I）所述化合物及其可药用盐的制备和作为药物的应用，所述药物作为酪氨酸激酶（例如VEGFR-2和c-MET）抑制剂用于治疗与酪氨酸激酶相关的疾病。
Patent WO-2019157996-A1 (WO)
Title: Data transmission method, communication device, and storage medium
Inventor: XUE YIFAN
IPC: H04W72/12
Filed: 2019-02-01
Abstract: Embodiments of the present application provide a data transmission method, a communication device, and a storage medium. The method comprises: a network apparatus transmitting with a terminal apparatus, on a first frequency resource, first data; the network apparatus sending control information to the terminal apparatus, the control information being used to schedule the network apparatus and the terminal apparatus to transmit, on a second frequency resource, a part or all of the first data, a first transmission type supported by the first frequency resource being different from a second transmission type supported by the second frequency resource, or the first transmission type being the same as the second transmission type, but a first feedback quantity supported by the first frequency resource being different from a second feedback quantity supported by the second frequency resource. In the method provided by the embodiments of the present application, the network apparatus configures different transmission parameters (namely transmission type and feedback quantity) for different frequency resources. Therefore, the network apparatus flexibly schedules the terminal apparatus to use different frequency resources for data transmission in different scenarios, thus improving transmission efficiency and transmission performance.
Patent WO-2019192405-A1 (WO)
Title: Method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving uplink signal, storage medium, and electronic device
Inventor: WANG YUXIN
IPC: H04L5/00
Filed: 2019-03-29
Abstract: Provided in the present disclosure are a method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving an uplink signal, a storage medium, and an electronic device, wherein the transmission method comprises: a second communication node receiving configuration information that is transmitted by a first communication node by means of physical downlink control signaling or high-layer signaling, and the second communication node transmitting an uplink signal to the first communication node on the basis of the configuration information; or the second communication node transmitting the uplink signal to the first communication node according to a rule appointed with the first communication node. The technical problem in related technology in which different uplink signals transmitted by different antennas are not able to be smoothly switched in a time domain is solved by means of the present disclosure.
Patent WO-2020024630-A1 (WO)
Title: Eyeglasses and display device
Inventor: LOU QIQI
IPC: G02B27/01
Filed: 2019-04-25
Abstract: Eyeglasses and a display device. The eyeglasses comprise: a lens assembly having a positive focal power or a negative focal power, wherein the lens assembly comprises at least two lenses including a first lens (10) and a second lens (20) sequentially arranged in a direction toward an image source; a reflective linear polarizer provided at one surface of the first lens close to the image source or provided at one surface of the second lens; a reflective circular polarizer provided at one surface of the first lens, the reflective circular polarizer being positioned at one side of the reflective linear polarizer away from the image source; and a one-quarter wavelength (1/4λ) plate provided between the reflective linear polarizer and the reflective circular polarizer, wherein the first lens has a positive focal power or a negative focal power, the second lens has a negative focal power, an Abbe number of the material of the first lens satisfies Vd1 > 50, and an Abbe number of the material of the second lens satisfies Vd2 < 30. The eyeglasses have a shorter working distance and comprise smaller lenses, thereby realizing a compact lens assembly, and enhancing imaging quality.
Patent WO-2020199299-A1 (WO)
Inventor: CHEN DA
IPC: H03H3/02
Filed: 2019-05-05
Abstract: A method for manufacturing a piezoelectric thin film resonator on a non-silicon substrate. The method comprises the following steps: depositing a copper thin film (202) on a silicon wafer (201); coating a photoresist (203) on the copper thin film (202) and carrying out photoetching, and removing the photoresist in an air gap region below the piezoelectric thin film resonator to be arranged; electroplating and depositing a copper layer (204), and removing the photoresist to obtain a stripped sacrificial layer with a step; coating polyimide, performing heat treatment on the polyimide, performing imidization, and manufacturing a piezoelectric thin film resonator sandwich structure (206) above the polyimide; etching the polyimide layer in the coverage area of the non-piezoelectric thin film resonator by using oxygen plasma; placing the obtained device in a copper corrosion solution, dissolving copper around the piezoelectric thin film resonator and below the piezoelectric thin film resonator, pasting the device above the piezoelectric thin film resonator by using a roller (207) coated with polyvinyl alcohol glue, releasing and stripping the device from the silicon wafer (201), and transferring the device to a required non-silicon substrate (208); and flushing the roller (207) with hot water, so that the roller (207) is separated from the piezoelectric thin film resonator, and the manufacturing process can be completed. In this method, the process of preparing the main device on the silicon substrate can improve the processing accuracy and the quality of a piezoelectric thin film (101), and an air gap region fabricated under the piezoelectric thin film resonator improves device performance; using polyimide as the supporting layer and using the roller (207) for device transfer does not require accurate control of the adhesive force, the number of devices transferred at one time is large, the device surface is not damaged, and the reliability is good.
Patent WO-2020057147-A1 (WO)
Inventor: LI XIBIN
IPC: F25B49/02
Filed: 2019-05-14
Abstract: A heat exchange system and a miniature air conditioner. The heat exchange system comprises a water tank (60), an evaporator (30), a condenser (40), a compressor (20), and a water pump (80); a water inlet of the water tank (60) communicates with an air-conditioning jacket by means of a pipeline, a water outlet of the water tank (60) communicates with an inlet of the water pump (80), an outlet of the water pump (80) communicates with an inlet of the evaporator (30), and a water outlet of the evaporator (30) communicates with the air-conditioning jacket by means of a pipeline. The evaporator (30) communicates with the condenser (40) by means of a capillary tube, and the evaporator (30) further communicates with the compressor (20) by means of a pipeline; the condenser (40) communicates with the compressor (20) by means of a pipeline; a refrigerant is discharged from the compressor (20), then enter a capillary tube, enters the evaporator (30), and performs cooling and heat exchange on water in the evaporator (30). Therefore, a refrigerant channel and a water channel are separated, and the two parts are connected by means of the evaporator (30). The water tank (60) is not used to cover the evaporator (30) and the condenser (40). The evaporator (30) has a good cooling effect, and the condenser (40) has a significant heat dissipation effect.
Patent WO-2020133891-A1 (WO)
Title: 芯片组件、封装结构及其成型方法
Inventor: ZHOU QINGYUN
IPC: H01L21/56
Filed: 2019-05-17
Abstract: 本发明揭示了一种芯片组件、封装结构及其成型方法，芯片组件包括芯片及屏蔽层，芯片包括相对设置的芯片正面、芯片背面及设置于芯片正面及芯片背面之间的芯片侧面，芯片正面设有芯片连接端子，屏蔽层包括背面屏蔽层、侧面屏蔽层及正面屏蔽层，背面屏蔽层覆盖芯片背面，侧面屏蔽层覆盖芯片侧面，正面屏蔽层位于芯片正面且正面屏蔽层与芯片连接端子相互间隔分布。本发明的芯片正面、芯片背面及芯片侧面均设置有屏蔽层，可将电磁信号对芯片的干扰降至最低。
Patent WO-2020001390-A1 (WO)
Title: 一种通信方法、设备及系统
Inventor: WANG HONGXING
IPC: H04L9/32
Filed: 2019-06-23
Abstract: 本申请实施例公开了一种通信方法、设备及系统，以解决解决现有IMS注册流程与业务处理流程需经过同一功能节点处理所带来的问题。该方法包括：终端发起第一业务，确定第一业务是否为非代理业务，在第一业务为非代理业务的情况下，终端获取第一业务对应的业务处理节点的地址信息以及Token，根据业务处理节点的地址信息，向业务处理节点发送包括用户ID、第一业务的ID和Token的第一业务请求，请求业务处理节点对第一业务进行业务处理；当第一业务为代理业务时，终端向注册节点发送第二业务请求，注册节点接收到第二业务请求后，向业务处理节点请求对第一业务进行业务处理。
Patent WO-2021000329-A1 (WO)
Inventor: SUN ZHIWEI
IPC: H04L29/06
Filed: 2019-07-04
Abstract: 一种多方量子密钥协商方法、计算机终端及存储装置，包括N个协商交互端，分别记为P i，每个P i各自制备一个信息编码态 |Φi+1 i>，以及窃听检测态；然后将所述信息编码态随机插入到所述窃听检测态中，得到新的量子态序列 Gi i，每个P i各自将得到的 Gi i发送给P i+1；P i+1与P i进行信道安全检测，完成第一轮循环，若判断信道安全则进行下一轮循环直到完成N轮循环，最后，所有协商交互端随机公布各自随机选择的数值，基于酉操作的性质，计算得到N个交互端的秘密协商密钥。上述方案在单量子系统即可实现，利用超密编码技术提高了密钥生成效率，基于量子力学理论可以提供比经典秘钥协商更高的安全性，而且可以有效的保护参与方的公平性，防止恶意用户控制密钥的生成。
Patent WO-2020015610-A1 (WO)
Title: Positioning method, apparatus and device
Inventor: WANG YI
IPC: H04W64/00
Filed: 2019-07-15
Abstract: The present application provides a positioning method, apparatus and device. The method comprises: receiving a first positioning reference signal (PRS) on a first frequency domain resource, wherein the first frequency domain resource is a frequency domain resource in an unlicensed frequency spectrum; receiving a second PRS on a second frequency domain resource, wherein the second frequency domain resource is a frequency domain resource in a licensed frequency spectrum; determining, according to the first PRS and the second PRS, a first positioning measurement result corresponding to the first PRS and a second positioning measurement result corresponding to the second PRS; and determining the position of a terminal according to the first positioning measurement result and the second positioning measurement result. The invention can be used to quickly and accurately determine the position of a terminal where a large number of frequency domain resources in a licensed frequency spectrum are not occupied.
Patent WO-2020015624-A1 (WO)
Title: Double-manipulator ultrasonic testing system and method
Inventor: XU CHUNGUANG
IPC: G01N29/04
Filed: 2019-07-16
Abstract: A double-manipulator ultrasonic testing system and method, for use in testing the surface quality and internal quality of a workpiece. The double-manipulator ultrasonic testing system comprises: an extension rod disposed between the tail end of a master manipulator (7) and a transmitting probe (4) or/and disposed between the tail end of a slave manipulator (8) and a receiving probe (3); and one or more connected extension rod rotating shafts (6) disposed between the extension rod and the transmitting probe (4) or the receiving probe (3). According to the double-manipulator testing method, discrete point attitude data in a trajectory file of a tested workpiece is converted into Euler angles by using an X-axis constraint method, and moreover, the X axis of an auxiliary coordinate system is constrained, so that the forward direction of the X axis of the auxiliary coordinate system is the tangential direction of a trajectory, the transmitting probe (4) and the receiving probe (3) are kept perpendicular to the surface of the tested workpiece, and the manipulators do not collide with the detected workpiece.
Patent WO-2020024796-A1 (WO)
Title: Photodiode chip and manufacturing method thereof
Inventor: LIU HONGLIANG
IPC: H01L31/0224
Filed: 2019-07-17
Abstract: The invention discloses a photodiode chip and a manufacturing method thereof. The photodiode chip comprises: a chip substrate, an epitaxial functional layer disposed on a side surface of the chip substrate, in which the epitaxial functional layer has a negative electrode protrusion on a surface of the chip substrate and a positive electrode protrusion on a side surface of the negative electrode protrusion facing away from the chip substrate, a surface of the negative electrode protrusion facing away from the chip substrate has a first region and a second region surrounding the first region, and the positive electrode protrusion is located in the first region; a first electrode ring located on a side surface of the positive electrode protrusion facing away from the negative electrode protrusion, and a second electrode ring located in the second region, in which the first electrode ring is connected to a soldering pad, and the second electrode ring is connected to two soldering pads. The second electrode ring can be connected to other components through two parallel metal wires. When connected to other components, the inductance is lower, and the two-metal-wire connection can improve the reliability of the device connection.
Patent WO-2020048257-A1 (WO)
Title: Two-balloon perfusion catheter with adjustable spacing and usage method thereof
Inventor: TANG ZHI
IPC: A61M25/00
Filed: 2019-07-30
Abstract: Disclosed is a two-balloon perfusion catheter with adjustable spacing, comprising a first catheter (1, 11, 21, 31, 41, 51), a second catheter (2, 12, 22, 32, 42, 52), a proximal balloon (3, 13, 23, 33, 43, 53) fixed at a distal end of the first catheter (1, 11, 21, 31, 41, 51) and a distal balloon (4, 14, 24, 34, 44, 54) fixed at a distal end of the second catheter (2, 12, 22, 32, 42, 52). The first catheter (1, 11, 21, 31, 41, 51) is internally provided with a liquid injection cavity (112, 212, 312, 412, 512), an inflation cavity (111, 211, 311, 411, 511) passing through the first catheter (1, 11, 21, 31, 41, 51), and a cavity duct passing through the second catheter (2, 12, 22, 32, 42, 52). The second catheter (2, 12, 22, 32, 42, 52) is internally provided with an inflation cavity (121, 221, 321, 421, 521). The cavity duct extends in a coaxial direction of the catheter. The spacing between the proximal balloon (3, 13, 23, 33, 43, 53) and the distal balloon (4, 14, 24, 34, 44, 54) can be adjusted by moving the first catheter (1, 11, 21, 31, 41, 51) and the second catheter (2, 12, 22, 32, 42, 52) relative to each other.
Patent WO-2020244045-A1 (WO)
Inventor: MENG LEI
IPC: H05K5/02
Filed: 2019-08-01
Abstract: La présente invention concerne un boîtier de commande de dispositif électrique, qui comprend un ensemble corps de boîtier et un couvercle de boîtier ; l'ensemble corps de boîtier comprend un corps de boîtier avant et un corps de boîtier arrière ; le corps de boîtier arrière est pourvu d'une surface ouverte de corps de boîtier arrière qui est ouverte, le corps de boîtier arrière est relié de façon amovible au corps de boîtier avant, et le corps de boîtier avant recouvre la surface ouverte de corps de boîtier arrière. Le boîtier de commande de dispositif électrique de la présente invention possède une structure à boîtier multiples, occupant une zone de ventilation relativement petite sur le côté avant d'un climatiseur tout en satisfaisant aux exigences d'installation d'autres dispositifs, et en facilitant l'installation et l'entretien desdits dispositifs ; l'installation et l'entretien des dispositifs sont mis en œuvre sur le côté avant ; le corps de boîtier avant peut tourner autour d'un arbre de rotation pour faciliter l'installation et l'entretien d'un dispositif dans le corps de boîtier arrière ; le boîtier de commande de dispositif électrique présente les caractéristiques suivantes : une large plage d'applications, un moindre coût et une portabilité élevée.
Patent WO-2020224072-A1 (WO)
Inventor: WU XIAOLING
IPC: G09G3/3208
Filed: 2019-08-06
Abstract: A pixel drive circuit and a display panel. Using a pixel drive circuit of 3T1C structure, and by means of detecting a threshold voltage of a drive transistor in each pixel, effective compensation is performed. The compensation structure of the present pixel drive circuit is simple and thus does not need to occupy a large area during design.
Patent WO-2020030117-A1 (WO)
Title: Method and apparatus for determining power control parameter, and storage medium and electronic device
Inventor: YAO KE
IPC: H04W52/42
Filed: 2019-08-09
Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for determining power control parameters, and a storage medium and an electronic device. The method comprises: acquiring spatial domain resource information of a first transmission and spatial domain resource information of a second transmission; adjusting at least part of the spatial domain resource information of the first transmission according to the following objects: the spatial domain resource information of the second transmission, or the spatial domain resource information of the first transmission and the spatial domain resource information of the second transmission, or a set of spatial domain information resources associated with the first transmission and the spatial domain resource information of the second transmission; and determining at least some power control parameters of the first transmission according to the adjusted spatial domain resource information of the first transmission.