baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-378556-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in thermally-operated overload switches
IPC: H01H71/20
Filed: 1931-05-21
Abstract: 378,556. Thermal switches; mercury switches. BULLEN, A. G., 29, Newstead Road, Sefton Park, Liverpool. May 21, 1931, No. 15004. [Class 38 (v).] An overload cut-out specially designed for small currents comprises a metallic member held in position by a liquifiable non- conducting substance until the latter melts when the metallic member changes its shape and the circuit is opened. The metallic member may consist, Fig. 1, of a coating 2 electroplated upon or wrapped round a rod 1 of the liquifiable substance which may be of wax or of a substance which undergoes chemical change with heat. When the rod 1 melts owing to the heating effect of current in the coating 2, the coating 2 collapses, and the circuit between terminals 5 is broken. The wax 1 flows into the wide portion 4 of a glass container 3. In other constructions the metallic member is a spring immersed under tension in the liquifiable substance when this is liquid and held there while it sets. Fig. 4 shows one such construction in which the current passes through the spring 16 and heats the wax 1 in which the spring is immersed. When the wax melts a piston 15 is pulled down and mercury which has bridged contacts 22 in a cup 19 flows out through a tube 20 breaking the circuit. The wax flows out through a tube 21. In other modifications the heating is produced by eddy currents.
Patent GB-1009646-A (GB)
Title: Demodulators of frequency modulation receivers
IPC: H04J9/00
Filed: 1962-04-18
Abstract: 1,009,646. Frequency modulation. WESTERN ELECTRIC CO. Inc. April 18, 1962 [April 25, 1961], No. 15004/62. Heading H3R. In a frequency modulation receiver with feedback of the discriminator output to frequency modulate a local oscillator and thereby reduce the I.F. frequency swing, the I.F. pass-band is given a single tuned circuit characteristic and a second filter between the discriminator and oscillator passes the modulation signal bandwidth. The I.F. filter pass-band, although narrow, is made as wide as possible consistent with its not creating a carrier-to-noise power threshold for the receiver in receiving a weak carrier and so that a second threshold is produced with the feed-back loop closed which governs the performance, this threshold being due to higher order sidebands of the modulated local oscillator being produced when a large modulation index is used. According to the invention, the feed-back filter is adjusted in pass-band to ensure that the second threshold is reduced to coincide with the first threshold. Preferably, the maximum R.M.S. phase variation of the modulated local oscillator due to noise is 3À11 + 7% radians. Specification 489,636 is referred to.
Patent GB-403570-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to a device for grinding and sharpening razor blades
IPC: B24D15/08
Filed: 1933-05-24
Abstract: 403,570. Sharpening razors. SOUCZEK, F., Br³sau, Czecho-Slovakia. May 24, 1933, No. 15010. Convention date, May 31, 1932. [Class 60.] A device for sharpening double-edged razor blades comprises two casings 1, 2 having therein grooves 3 in which are slidably and rockably mounted grinding-members 4 pressed upwards by springs 5 and provided with teeth 7 between which is placed a grinding-powder, and arranged so that the teeth of one grinding member may engage the gaps of the opposing member. The members 4 are guided by extensions 7, and their rocking movement is limited by slots in cover plates 10 secured to the casings ; the casings carry locating-pins 11 which fit in holes 12 in the opposing casing, shoulders on the pins serving to determine the space between the casings. In the lower casing 2 are three pins 13, carrying grooved rollers 15 and an intermediate grooved roller 16, an operating cord 17 being guided round the rollers, which also are geared together. The rollers 15 carry pins 18 engaging in the outer holes of a blade 14, thereby carrying the blade round in a circular path with its edges between the pairs of members 4, the setting of the members being such that as a blade edge moves outwardly, the part away from the edge is ground, as shown in Fig. 9, and as the edge moves inwardly, the extreme edge is ground, as shown in Fig. 10. In a modification, the grinding-members may be in the form of groups of teeth ; and in a further modification the grooves 3 are not inclined, the grinding surfaces being formed with their operative surfaces at the required inclination.
Patent GB-241605-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the cooling and freezing of fish and other food substances
IPC: A23B4/06
Filed: 1924-06-21
Abstract: 241,605. Petersen,P.W. June 21, 1924. Cooling fish &c.-Units of food substances to be frozen, particularly individual fish, are placed in open-mouthed containers of waterproof deformable material, preferably thin sheet metal, which are immersed in cold brine and by manipulation or under the pressure of the brine conform to the shape of the fish, so as to avoid an insulating layer of air around the fish. The container may be formed by bending a sheet of metal to form a rounded edge 15, Fig. 1, the meeting edges 11, 12 being closed watertight by seaming or otherwise, leaving an open top 13 which may have a rolled or beaded rim 14. The tail of the fish, for example a salmon, occupies the tapered lower part of the container and the edge 10 may be tapered to fit closely to the stomach portion, while the edge 15 fits the rounded back. A container for halibut or similar flat fish may be made by folding a blank to form a bottom narrow edge, the sides being closed by seaming. A fish may be supported within a container by an obliquely disposed plate 23, Fig. 6, formed by bending a blank having a middle slot through which the fins and tail of the fish may project. A container may also be formed by two plates having embossed parts shaped to conform to the unit, as shown in Fig. 9, or several embossed parts may be formed in large sheets to provide for a number of fish in one container, the open side of which is closed by clips after the fish have been placed in position.
Patent GB-861530-A (GB)
Title: Improved gas turbine engine fuel system
Inventor: JOHNSON CHRISTOPHER LINLEY
IPC: F02C7/22
Filed: 1958-05-10
Abstract: 861,530. Gas turbine fuel systems. ROLLSROYCE Ltd. May 11, 1959 [May 10, 1958], No. 15038/58. Class 110 (3). A gas turbine fuel system comprises a metering orifice through which pressurized fuel may flow to the engine, first orifice adjustment means for varying the size of the orifice in accordance with engine rotational speed, second orifice adjustment means for varying the size of the orifice in accordance with another engine variable and limit means for limiting the maximum size of the orifice, the arrangement being such that, when the second orifice adjustment means has increased the size of the orifice to a predetermined extent, the limit means opposes further increase in the orifice size by the second orifice adjustment mass and simultaneously alters the operation of the first orifice adjustment means so that the engine rotational speed at which the latter restricts the size of the orifice is increased. The fuel system has an orifice through which the fuel is metered which comprises a variable width rectangular slot 26 and a relatively movable triangular slot 27. The slot 26 is formed between a fixed edge 28 and a relatively movable edge 29 carried by a frame 30 actuated by engine-driven governor weights 34 through a collar 32 and shaft 31. The slot 27 is actuated by a bellows 27a which is subjected to an air pressure proportional to P 1 F(P 2 /P 1 ), where P 1  and P 2  are the compressor intake and outlet pressures and F any desired function. To retain the maximum fuel flow and prevent overfuelling of the engine, a lever 105 mounted on a point 106 has its forward end arranged so as to be in the path of travel of the plate 24. The other end of the lever 105 is connected through a link 108 and a second pivoted lever 107 to the frame 30. When the plate 24 abuts the lever 105, the lever 105 applies an additional load to the frame 30 and so to the governor which has to be overcome before the governor can reduce the width of the slot 26 and so reduce the fuel flow. A practical form of the orifice and control gear is also described. Specification 850,477 is referred to.
Patent GB-398294-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to safety guards for guillotine cutting and like machines
IPC: B26D7/22
Filed: 1932-05-27
Abstract: 398,294. Interconnecting machinery guards with starting-gear. DAWSON, PAYNE, & ELLIOTT, Ltd. and PAYNE, R., Atlas Works, Otley, Yorkshire. May 27, 1932, No. 15048. [Class 80_(iv).] The safety-guard 9 of a guillotine cutting or like descending-tool machine, of the kind which is associated with the machine starting-handle 1 in such a way that the handle cannot be moved to start the machine until the guard has been moved to the protective position, is so constructed that the operator has to stand back out of reach of the tool in moving the guard into the operative position, in which it is about chest-high, as shown dotted in Fig. 2. The guard is locked in the operative position by a spring-pressed latch 16 released either manually or automatically by a moving part of the machine at the end of the power stroke to allow it to return by gravity to the inoperative position. The guard is formed as a bar 9 carried on angled and slotted side-arms 10 pivotal and slidable on studs 11 on the work-table 2 and pivoted at their lower ends to levers 11x mounted on a rock-shaft 12 carrying an obstruction 13 which is rocked out of the path of an arm 14 on the starting - handle 1 when the guard is swung to the operative position. One of the levers 11 has a bell-crank extension carrying a pin 15 which, in the operative position of the guard, snaps over and is retained by a spring-loaded latch 16. In the form shown in Figs. 1 and 2, this latch is tripped at the end of the working stroke automatically by the rocking-lever 6 which oscillates the cutting-knife 3 of the machine. In the modification shown in Fig. 4, the latch 16 is tripped by a manually-operated push-rod 17, and means are provided whereby the guard cannot move back to the inoperative position, even if the latch is manually released, unless the machine has reached the end of its working stroke. Such means comprise a pin-and-slot connection 19 between the bell-crank lever 11x supporting the guard 9, and a rod 20 slidable in bushings 21 and carrying a collar 22 which is prevented from moving into a position corresponding to the return of the guard, Fig. 4, until it registers with the enlarged end of an arcuate slot 23 in a lever 24 which is rocked through a link 25 by the rocking-lever 6 of the machine. According to the Provisional Specification, the latch 16 may be counterweighted instead of spring-pressed.
Patent GB-281551-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the manufacture of sulphuric acid
IPC: C01B17/82
Filed: 1927-06-07
Abstract: 281,551. Petersen, H. June 7, 1927. Sulphuric acid. - In manufacturing sulphuric acid in towers or the like packed with small grains of quartzite, denitration is effected by means of cold sulphurous gases in one of the towers. The gases from the roasting ovens are cooled by being used in an apparatus for concentrating sulphuric acid, and may be passed through cooling or condensing devices to separate acid-containing water prior to use in the denitrating tower.
Patent GB-640927-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to building materials
IPC: B32B5/26
Filed: 1947-06-09
Abstract: 640,927. Compound sheet materials. KENTILES, Ltd., COLLEDGE, I. H., and YOUNG, A. P. June 9, 1947, No. 15151. [Class 140] Compound sheet materials are produced by impregnating layers of woven mineral or vegetable fibres such as jute, metal wool or glass wool, with a cement slurry, superimposing the layers and subjecting them to pressure. The article may be dried with or without the application of heat. An outer layer may be provided composed of a sheet of paper, woven material such as butcher's linen or rayon cloth, wood veneer or metal foil which is subjected to the consolidating process and which may have a pattern printed or embossed on it. The impregnated material may be wound on a mandrel to produce a hollow laminated column or pipe.
Patent GB-1429599-A (GB)
Title: 8-aza-11,12-secoprostaglandins
IPC: C07C233/47
Filed: 1974-04-05
Abstract: 1429599 11,12-Secoprostaglandins MERCK & CO Inc 5 April 1974 [12 April 1973] 15153/74 Heading C2C The invention comprises 11,12-secoprostaglandins of the Formula I: wherein R is COOR<SP>5</SP> or CONR<SP>6</SP>R<SP>7</SP>, where R<SP>5</SP> is H or C 1-10  alkyl and R<SP>6</SP> and R<SP>7</SP> each are H, C 1-4  alkyl or dialkylaminoalkyl having 4-7 carbon atoms, A is ethylene, trimethylene, α- or #- methylethylene, α,α- or #,#-dimethylethylene or oxymethylene; R<SP>1</SP> is formyl, acetyl, propionyl, acryloyl, hydroxyacetyl or trifluoroacetyl; Z is ethylene, vinylene, or ethynylene, R<SP>2</SP> is H or C 1-5  alkanoyl, each R<SP>3</SP>, which is the same or different, is H or methyl, and R<SP>4</SP> is H, C 1-5  alkyl, vinyl or 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, and salts thereof when R<SP>5</SP> is H and their preparation. The compounds are obtained by reacting compounds of the formula where R<SP>8</SP> is C 1-5  alkyl, with sodium hydride in solvents, followed by compounds of the formula wherein R<SP>9</SP> is C 1-5  alkanoyl and X is halogen, recovering the products of the formula and subjecting them to mild basic hydrolysis. Compounds of the Formula I above in which R<SP>4</SP> is H, C 1-5  alkyl or 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, Z is ethylene and R<SP>3</SP> is H, may also be obtained by reacting compounds of the formula where THP is 2-tetrahydropyranyl and R<SP>12</SP> is H, C 1-5  alkyl or 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, with compounds of the formula recovering the resulting compounds of the formula subjecting these to mild acid hydrolysis to remove the tetrahydropyranyl group and then to mild basic hydrolysis to remove R<SP>8</SP>. The resulting acids may be converted to esters, salts and amides by standard methods. N - [4 - (2 - Tetrahydropyranyloxy)nonyl]acetamide is prepared by acetylating 4-(2-tetrahydropyrenyloxy)nonylamine, obtained by reacting hydrazine with N-[4-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)- nonyl]phthalimide, which is made by reacting sodium phthalimide with 1-chloro-4-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)nonane, resulting from the etherification of 1-chloro-4-hydroxy-nonane. Amides of the formula are prepared by acylating the corresponding amino acids. Ethyl 7 - [N - (4 - acetoxynonyl) - 2 - chloroacetamido]heptanoate is obtained by reacting 1-chloro-4-acetoxynonane with ethyl 7(2-chloroacetamido)heptanoate, resulting from the reaction between ethyl 7-aminoheptanoate and chloroacetic acid anhydride.  2 - t - Butylamino - 1 - methylvinyl 7 - [N - (4- hydroxynonyl)acetamido]heptanoate is obtained by reacting 7-[N-(4-hydroxynonyl)acetamido]- heptanoic acid with N-t-butyl-5-methylisoxazolium perchlorate.  Pharmaceutical compositons, suitable for oral, topical, rectal or parenteral administeration, contain the above 11,12-secoprostaglandins in admixture with non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. The compounds can be used to improve renal function, for treatment of hypertension, for fertility control and prevention of thrombus formation.
Patent GB-221848-A (GB)
Title: Process of and apparatus for the reduction of ores
IPC: C25C3/34
Filed: 1923-06-11
Abstract: 221,848. Marks, E. C. R., (Cobb Electro Reduction Corporation of Canada, Ltd.). June 11, 1923. Drawings to Specification. Dry processes of extracting tin.-Into a bath formed by melting a flux are introduced a tin ore, a siliceous or other material having a greater affinity for iron than for tin, in sufficient quantity to combine with all the iron present, and a reducing agent such as coke or culm, and the bath is then electrolyzed so that reduction is partly chemical and partly electrolytic. The siliceous material may be the gangue of the ore. To prevent contamination of the reduced metal by iron, about 9-10 per cent of the tin is left unreduced in the slag. Old slag is returned to the furnace with the ore. Limestone may also form part of the charge, particularly when the proportion of iron is low. The temperature should be 1500-1800‹ C. A suitable flux for the initial step consists of fluorspar, coke, and old slag. Further slag is added until the bath is sufficiently large. Any arsenic, antimony, and bismuth not removed by ore dressing are volatilized during the furnace treatment, and may be collected. Cassiterite is a suitable ore. Metal tapped off at intervals is received in a buggy, and is accompanied by some slag; it is stated that these materials retain a polarized and stratified condition. Before the slag hardens a hook or bail is inserted in it, so that it can be removed while most of the tin is still liquid; the slag thus removed is crushed and reintroduced into the furnace, in conjunction with the ore or separately. The furnace may be lined with acidic material when the ore is basic and with basic material when the ore is acidic, the molten bath being of the same character as the lining. Specification 176,819 is referred to.
Patent GB-515033-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the manufacture of carbonised fuel
IPC: C10B1/10
Filed: 1938-05-21
Abstract: 515,033. Materials for making coke; retorts. ROBERTS, J. May 21, 1938, No. 15246. [Classes 55 (i) and 55 (ii)] A continuous process for making semi-coke comprises circulating a heated bed of semicoke through a retort, and continuously adding pitch, tar, or bitumen which is carbonized by contact with the semi-coke to form a carbonized product part of which is removed and the remainder recirculated through the retort, the pitch being first passed through a preheating zone and then through a carbonizing zone. Coke is fed from a hopper 1 into a retort 3 rotatable about a hollow shaft 8 on which are mounted vanes 9 provided in the upper part of the retort. The shaft 8 may be moved longitudinally by rotating a squared end 11, so that the whole of the inner surface of the retort may be traversed by the vanes. Pitch &c. from a tank 13 is fed to a hollow shaft 12, and flows out through openings 14, 15 on to the bed of coke below. The mixture passes by a pipe 20 into a rotary carbonizing retort 19 from which it is discharged through pipe 21 into a separator 22, part of the residue passing through an outlet 23 to storage, and part being recirculated by a conveyor 25 back to the hopper I for re-use in the preheating retort 3. The retorts are heated by burners 29, the semi-coke entering retort 3 at about 400 or 500‹ C. The proportion of pitch added is increased with the increase of melting point, and the carbonizing temperature may be increased up to 800‹C. Specification 494,676 is referred to.
Patent GB-355700-A (GB)
Title: Improved method of propagating endothermic reactions in electric arc furnaces
IPC: F27D11/08
Filed: 1930-05-19
Abstract: <PICT:0355700/III/1> Boron compounds such as boron silicide, and carbon compounds such as calcium carbide, tungsten and other heavy metal carbides, and silicon carbide are made by forcing an intimately mixed charge into a conduit 16 so that it substantially fills the bore 26, the conduit being horizontal or at such an angle as to require continued force to move the charge and terminating in or adjacent to an electric arc, and the intermediate portions of the conduit are maintained at elevated temperatures so that the charge reacts and becomes fluid before it reaches the arc.  The conduit may form an electrode of the arc and its intermediate portions are situated in the furnace.  The mixture is supplied by a worm conveyer 32 which contains a bore 35 with openings 36 so that a trace of gas, which may be diverted from the exit gases leaving the furnace through flue 17, may be mixed with the charge.  The method may be applied to the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen by the cyanamide method.
Patent GB-1497215-A (GB)
Title: Forming glass bodies by flame hydrolysis
IPC: C03B37/014
Filed: 1975-04-15
Abstract: 1497215 Forming glass by flame hydrolysis CORNING GLASS WORKS 15 April 1975 [22 April 1974] 15412/75 Heading C1M In making a glass body by flame hydrolysis, glass soot 18 produced in the flame 16 is deposited as a porous preform 10 on a carrier 12, and the preform 10 heated to a temperature (e.g. 1250-1700 C.) and for a time sufficient to consolidate the soot to a dense glass layer, the consolidation being conducted in a dry chlorine-containing atmosphere such that hydroxyl ions in the preform are replaced by chloride ions, thereby resulting in a glass that is substantially water-free (i.e. contains less than 10 p.p.m. by weight of water). The consolidation atmosphere preferably contains up to 5 vol. per cent chlorine and the balance comprises helium (although 0À5 vol. per cent of the helium may be replaced by oxygen). The preform 10 may be deposited on a carrier 12 of graphite or fused silica, the preform consisting of, e.g. 100 wt. per cent SiO 2  or 90 wt. per cent SiO 2  and 10 wt. per cent GeO 2 . The preform 10 and carrier 12 may then be progressively heated and consolidated, moving gradually from one end of the preform to the other. He, Cl 2  and O 2  may be supplied to consolidation muffle furnace 34 from respective supplies 38, 46 and 58. The chlorine may be derived from a decomposable chlorine compound (e.g. SiCl 4 , BCl 3  or CCl 4 ), in which case O 2  is bubbled through the compound 68. An optical waveguide may be formed by forming (by flame hydrolysis) a layer of lower refractive index glass on a cone layer. The further layer may be deposited prior to the consolidation, the layers consolidated together, the carrier removed, and the hollow member produced drawn down to collapse the central hole. Alternatively, the core layer may be consolidated, a further (cladding) layer of glass soot applied by flame hydrolysis, and the further layer consolidated in a similar way.
Patent GB-1248636-A (GB)
Title: Medical applicator
IPC: A61J7/00
Filed: 1969-03-25
Abstract: 1,248,636. 636. Syringes. ORTHO PHARMACEUTICAL CORP. March 25, 1969 [March 25, 1968], No.15447/69. Heading F1R. [Also in Division A5] An applicator 1 comprises a hollow elongate body 2 open at both ends consisting of integral nozzle and medicament reservoir sections 3, 4, a piston 6 slidable within and closing the outer end of the reservoir section a hollow plunger 7 of a size to fit over the nozzle and within the reservoir having one open and one closed end 8, 9 mounted telescopically over the nozzle with a projection 11 centrally located and projecting inwardly from the closed end 9 having fastening means in engagement with complementary fastening means on the inner surface of the nozzle, the projection plugging the ejector nozzle, the open end of the plunger and outer face of the piston being adapted for mutual engagement when medicament is to be applied. Piston 6 may have a spigot 13 on the outer face to mate with the open end of the plunger, and an inner face 14, 16 shaped to match the inner surfaces of the intermediate part of the body to achieve maximum expulsion of medicament.