baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent JP-2003175037-A (JP)
Title: Ultrasonic probe and ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus
Inventor: SATO SHOHEI
IPC: G01N29/26
Filed: 2001-12-11
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To simultaneously form a plurality of scanning surfaces in the direction of elevation in an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus.  <P>SOLUTION: Refraction layers 52A are respectively formed on the sides of the upper surfaces of respective piezoelectric elements 36. The refraction layers have alternately different changing action, thereby two reception beams can simultaneously be formed per single transmission. It is also possible to inclining the piezoelectric elements themselves without utilizing the refraction layers. In the case of swinging and scanning an oscillation unit 33 in the direction of elevation, the number of scanning surfaces to be formed per the unit time can be doubled.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003186486-A (JP)
Title: Device and method for detecting peak of signal waveform and toy using the same
Inventor: NOKIMURA TAKESHI
IPC: G10L25/90
Filed: 2001-12-17
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To accurately detect periodic peak time by an easy method even when peaks of a time signal having periodic peaks possibly do not have periodicity.  <P>SOLUTION: An electric signal inputted from an external signal source to a signal input part 1 is digitized and has its waveform processed before being inputted to an estimated interval setting part 2. The estimated peak interval setting part 2 produces a frequency distribution by finding peak intervals from the signal waveform and determines temporary peak intervals T. A peak detection part 3 determines aimed peak time from the signal processed by the signal input part 1 and sets a plurality of gates for each temporary peak interval T from the aimed peak time. Then a peak judgment part 33 retrieves a peak in a gate and outputs, when the maximum value of a peak exceeds a peak judgment threshold θ, the time of the peak to a display and operation part 4. Gates are thus set to efficiently detect periodic peaks while aperiodic peaks are removed.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2002249177-A (JP)
Title: Packaging bag for microwave oven
Inventor: OGAWA KATSUYA
IPC: B65D30/10
Filed: 2001-12-18
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a packaging bag for a microwave oven which can carry out a retort sterilizing treatment. SOLUTION: In a packaging bag with a bag seal part which packages food and is heated by a microwave oven, a packaging bag 10 comprises a lamination film 11 in which a base material layer 12 and a sealant layer 13 are laminated, and a seal part 22 for opening which can be peeled and opened by an internal pressure of the packaging bag formed in a part of an area in a back seal part 21 with a narrow seal width is provided. In the back seal part, an easily peeled insertion tape 30 in which a cohesive breaking type CPP film layer 31a is formed on one side face is projected inner side of the packaging body from the back seal part of the packaging bag 10 and inserted the whole area.
Patent JP-2002370028-A (JP)
Title: Method for producing ruthenium catalyst by using oxygen-containing ruthenium compound
Inventor: KIKUCHI HIROTO
IPC: B01J23/46
Filed: 2001-12-19
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a production method not suffering a decrease in an amount of supported ruthenium in producing a residual-chlorine-free ruthenium catalyst by using an oxygen-containing ruthenium compound. SOLUTION: The ruthenium catalyst production method comprises the steps of allowing a carrier to carry an oxygen-containing ruthenium compound, drying the carrier at a temperature at which the oxygen dissociated from the oxygen- containing ruthenium compound does not react with ruthenium, and reducing the ruthenium compound carried by the carrier.
Patent JP-2003188905-A (JP)
Title: System and method for multiplexing tcp/ip communication for server/client system
Inventor: NAMEKAI YUTAKA
IPC: H04L45/247
Filed: 2001-12-20
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a system that can improve the quality and reliability of TCP/IP communications as the communications are multiplexed.  <P>SOLUTION: A server 1 and a client 2 respectively have link establishing sections 1111 and 2111 which check whether or not links and pluralities of spare links to be established in user processing sections 112 and 212 are established upon receiving usage confirmation requests for TCP ports from the processing sections 112 and 212, and link state monitoring sections 1113 and 2113 which perform a health check by transmitting a test message to all destination TCP ports to be established at preset intervals. The server 1 and the client 2 also respectively have state-of-link management sections 1112 and 2112 which manage establishment checking results the health checking results and, upon detecting faults, extract unused high-priority spare links from the pluralities of spare links and inform the user processing sections 112 and 212 of the extracted spare links.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003186266-A (JP)
Title: Image forming device
Inventor: YOSHIKAWA TOMOYASU
IPC: G03G15/00
Filed: 2001-12-21
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make it possible to take out a sheet from the position where the device can be easily operated even by a user in a wheelchair.  <P>SOLUTION: The image forming device has an image forming device main body 1 including an image forming part 11 for forming an image and a sheet post-processing part 14 having vertically movable sheet ejection trays 15. The image forming device also has an image reading part 16 which is supported by a height-adjustable support means 17 and used for reading the image data of an original document and then transmitting the data to the image forming device main body 1. The device further has a height detection means 22 for detecting the height of the image reading section 16, and a control means for controlling the height of each of the paper ejection trays 15 based upon a signal from the height detection means 22.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003193381-A (JP)
Title: Corrosion-resistant pc steel twisted wire
Inventor: INADA TAICHI
IPC: E01D19/16
Filed: 2001-12-21
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a PC steel twisted wire having thinner film thickness than that of a conventional coated film, scarcely attaching stain such as raindrop trace and excellent in acid resistance and alkali resistance.  <P>SOLUTION: This PC steel twisted wire is obtained by coating a wire rod obtained by twisting a plurality of wires together with a plastic outer coat. These wires are each coated with a coating composition composed of (a) 2.5-15 pts.wt. (expressed in terms of SiO<SB>2</SB>) acidic colloidal silica, (b) 0.1-15 pts.wt. amine compound, (c) 10-80 pts.wt. inorganic filler and (d) 17-87 pts.wt. water and/or hydrophilic organic solvent [with the proviso that total of components (a), (b), (c) and (d)=100 pts.wt.]. The thickness of the coating composition is 2-200 μm based on dried film thickness. The plastic outer coat has ≥300 μm thickness and is formed so that twisted parts of the wires appear on the outer surfaces.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2002317470-A (JP)
Title: Power control system
Inventor: CHIU GEORGE T
IPC: E02F9/20
Filed: 2001-12-25
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a system for regulating distribution of power to a device and a power train sub-system based on a desired instruction of an operator. SOLUTION: For a machine which may be subjected to work assignment taxing the available power of the machine is allotted, power is automatically distributed to the sub-system of the machine in accordance with change of a demand for power based on specific algorithm, so that favorable machine performance can be continued by a power controller.
Patent JP-2003195377-A (JP)
Title: Polarization reversal method for ferroelectric substance and method of producing optical wavelength conversion element
Inventor: NIHEI YASUKAZU
IPC: G02F1/37
Filed: 2001-12-25
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent crystal fracture in a portion of a local polarization reversal portion facing a connecting electrode in a method for forming the local polarization reversal portion responding to the shape of a pattern electrode on a ferroelectric substance crystal by forming the pattern electrode having a prescribed pattern and the connecting electrode connected to the pattern electrode on one surface of the mono-polarized ferroelectric substance crystal and by applying an electric field through the pattern electrode to the top side and the back side of the ferroelectric substance crystal.  <P>SOLUTION: In the method for forming the local polarization reversal portion 7 on the ferroelectric substance crystal 1 by forming the pattern electrode 2 and the connecting electrode 8 connected to the pattern electrode 2 on one surface 1a of the mono-polarized ferroelectric substance crystal 1 and by applying the electric field through the electrode 2 to the top side and the back side of the ferroelectric substance crystal 1, the electric field is applied to the top side and the back side of the ferroelectric substance crystal 1 with a state interposing an insulator 9 on a position facing at least part of the connecting electrode 8 on the other surface 1b of the ferroelectric substance crystal 1.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003192283-A (JP)
Title: Attaching structure of top cove for forklift
Inventor: NAGATA KAZUNORI
IPC: B66F9/075
Filed: 2001-12-25
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an attaching structure of a top cover for a forklift requiring no specific adjustment operation for attaching the top cover on a vehicle body frame allowing attachment with good appearance.  <P>SOLUTION: This structure is for attaching the top cover 15 for covering an upper part of the vehicle body frame 14 for storing a driving control part of the forklift. Either of a peripheral lower part of the top cover 15 or a peripheral lower part of the vehicle body frame 14 is provided with position limit members 27 for positioning the top cover 15 to the vehicle body frame 14 at a plurality of positions along the surrounding direction. In addition, the top cover 15 is fixed to the vehicle body frame 14 by bolts 28, screws 29 and insert nuts 30.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2002290331-A (JP)
Title: Optical add drop multiplexer node unit
Inventor: MIYAJI MASAHIDE
IPC: H04B10/27
Filed: 2001-12-25
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an optical ADM(add drop multiplexer) node unit that can effectively reduce the effect of noise caused by an ASE(Amplified Spontaneous Emission) of an optical amplifier. SOLUTION: The optical ADM node provided with an optical amplifier 11 that amplifies a wavelength multiplex signal light sent via an optical transmission line 10, an optical demultiplexer 12 that demultiplexes the amplified wavelength multiplex signal into signal lights with each wavelength and demultiplexes a signal light with a specific wavelength, an optical receiver 16 that receives the demultiplexed signal light, an optical transmitter 19 that outputs the signal light with the specific wavelength, and an optical multiplexer 13 that multiplexes the signal light demultiplexed by the optical demultiplexer 12 and the signal light from the optical transmitter 19 and transmits the multiplexed light to the optical transmission line 10,  includes an optical demultiplexer control section 51 that detects the received light power of the signal light received by the optical receiver 16 and controls the transmission wavelength characteristic of the optical demultiplexer means so as to maximize the optical power, with an optical power detection section 42 that detects the output power of the signal light with each wavelength outputted from the optical multiplexer 13 and controls the transmission wavelength characteristic of the optical multiplexer 13 to maximize the output power and with an optical multiplexer control section 526.
Patent JP-2003197836-A (JP)
Title: Spacer for pressure welding structure and manufacturing method therefor
Inventor: YAMAGUCHI HARUHIKO
IPC: C04B35/584
Filed: 2001-12-27
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce breakage of a spacer at screwing for pressure welding by using the spacer comprising a silicon nitride sintered compact of high heat dissipation characteristics and strength.  <P>SOLUTION: Related to a spacer for pressure welding structure, a ceramics sintered compact contains silicon nitride as a main component. Its heat conductivity is 60 W/mK or more, destructive toughness value is 6.0 MPam<SP>1/2</SP>or more, and thickness is 0.7 mm or less. The ceramics sintered compact has a through hole. In a method for manufacturing the space for pressure welding structure, after the through hole is formed in a ceramics molded body, the space for pressure welding structure is degreased and sintered. The through hole is formed by performing laser processing for the ceramics molded body.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003198206-A (JP)
Title: Laminated dielectric filter
Inventor: MIZUTANI YASUHIKO
IPC: H01P1/205
Filed: 2001-12-27
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve attenuation characteristic at spurious bands by enabling reduction of electrical length at the shorting terminal side, without changing resonant electrode length.  <P>SOLUTION: The filter comprises a plurality of internal layer ground electrodes 22A, 22B, 24A, and 24B formed to contain each open end of resonant electrodes 14A, 14B, 14C, 16A, 16B, and 16C so as to sandwich in the laminating direction of dielectric layers. The dielectric ratio of a third to a sixth dielectric layers, S3 to S6 contained among these internal layer earth electrodes 22A, 22B and 24A, and 24B, is set higher than these of other dielectric layers (a first and a second dielectric layers S1 and S2, a seventh to ninth dielectric layers S7 to S9).  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003193520-A (JP)
Title: Boom work vehicle
Inventor: KAMEI KENJI
IPC: E21B7/00
Filed: 2001-12-28
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a boom work vehicle capable of preventing deviation of actual construction position and locus of a work device controlled by a vertical travel controller and increase of the deviation due to repeated reciprocating operation and repeated interruption and restart during work in vertical travel work of the boom work vehicle.  <P>SOLUTION: A linear travel controller 70 has a memory 71 capable of storing a home position when operating the linear travel controller 70 to use a vertical straight line passing the home position as a reference line when moving the work device vertically using the linear travel controller 70. Even if the construction position does not coincide with the reference line, minute adjustment of the vertical travel reference line can be performed by a construction position minute adjustment lever 24a.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003164312-A (JP)
Title: Purse adaptable for proximity type non-contact ic card
Inventor: NISHIDA SHINICHI
IPC: B42D15/10
Filed: 2001-11-30
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an art of a purse which makes a proximity type non- contact IC card (JR eastern Japan SUICA card or the like) electronically recognizable as intact as housed in a purse along with ease of handling.  <P>SOLUTION: The purse S is provided with a housing part 4 exclusively used for non-contact IC cards and the part thereof is foldably provided protruding outside the body.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003505346-A (JP)
Title: 化粧用組成物
IPC: A61P3/02
Filed: 2000-06-27
Abstract: (57)【要約】
【解決手段】  本発明によれば、（ａ）少なくとも１種の４級アンモニウム剤；及び（ｂ）０．５％より多いパントテン酸又はパントテン酸誘導体、及びそれらの混合物；を含有する化粧用組成物が提供される。本発明の組成物は、パントテン酸又はパントテン酸誘導体に関連する利益、例えば、損傷の治療及び皮膚の保護を、刺激性、粘着性及び／又は粘稠性のような関連する欠点を減少させながら、与える。
Patent JP-2003509096-A (JP)
IPC: A61B1/04
Filed: 2000-09-13
Abstract: A miniature endoscope (10) for imaging comprising a base unit which includes a handle (16), an imaging device , an imaging channel, an annular illumination channel (34) and in which the imaging device is in the handle (16); the imaging channel (12) is optically coupled to the imaging device and has a first lens and a second lens at the distal end; the annular illumination channel (34) surrounds the imaging channel to provide a probe having a diameter of 2 mm or less.
Patent JP-2003512919-A (JP)
IPC: B01D25/172
Filed: 2000-08-18
Abstract: The invention relates to a filter press (1) for filtering suspensions. Said press consists of a holder (2), a support plate (3) fixed thereto, a displaceable pressure plate (5) and a packet of vertical filter plates (6) that are arranged between the support plate (3) and the pressure plate (5). Each filter chamber that is situated between two filter plates (6) is defined by at least one filter cloth (7K) which is guided in an S-shaped manner around two horizontally oriented reversing bodies (10). The reversing bodies (10) can be moved vertically and in relation to the allocated filter cloth (7) by means of two lifting elements (14) of a lifting device. Said elements are arranged on two opposite longitudinal sides of the filter press (1) and can be coupled to carriers (21) which protrude on the face and pertain to the reversing bodies (10). The aim of the invention is to improve access to the filter plates (6) and reduce the constructional complexity of the lifting device. To this end, the length of the lifting device only amounts to a fraction of the length pertaining to the filter plate packet, whereby said first length is parallel in relation to a longitudinal axis of the filter press (1). The lifting device can be moved in parallel to the longitudinal axis of the filter press (1) and is rigidly connected to the lifting elements (14) in said direction.
Patent JP-2003512189-A (JP)
Title: 電気化学的機械加工
IPC: B23H7/28
Filed: 2000-10-20
Abstract: (57)【要約】
電気化学的機械加工技術は、被加工物（１）に向う陰極（２）の移動を含む。被加工物（１）から材料を電解的に除去するように、陰極（２）と被加工物（１）との間に流れる電解液を介して電流が流れる。振動運動が陰極（２）上に加えられ、陰極（２）と被加工物（１）との間を通る電流も変化する。振動運動は、主たる正弦波振動と副となる超音波振動とからなり、電流の変化は、主振動と同期するので、電流パルス及び超音波振動パルスは、予め定めた小さい位相のシフトを伴って、陰極（２）と被加工物（１）との間の最小の間隔に対応する主振動のピークと一致する。
Patent JP-2003513578-A (JP)
IPC: H04R19/01
Filed: 2000-11-06
Abstract: An acoustic element comprising a platelike active element. The platelike active element comprises creases. The creases can be produced such that the platelike active element forms a space comprising at least one opening and/or gap, whereby the space and the opening and/or the gap constitute a Hemholz resonator.
Patent JP-2004510689-A (JP)
Title: スタチンナトリウム塩の製法
IPC: C07C69/732
Filed: 2000-12-14
Abstract: コンパクチン、ロバスタチン及びプラバスタチンのごときスタチンのナトリウム塩の製法が開示されている。
Patent JP-2003530084-A (JP)
Title: ヒトリアーゼおよび関連タンパク質
IPC: A61P29/00
Filed: 2000-12-13
Abstract: (57)【要約】
本発明は、ヒトリアーゼおよび関連タンパク質（HLYAP）と、HLYAPを同定及びコードするポリヌクレオチドとを提供する。本発明はまた、発現ベクター及び宿主細胞、抗体、アゴニスト、アンタゴニストを提供する。更に、本発明は、HLYAPの発現に関連する疾患の診断・治療・予防方法を提供する。
Patent JP-2003523804-A (JP)
IPC: A61M5/28
Filed: 2000-08-30
Abstract: The invention relates to a single-use syringe comprising:  a shield; a barrel containing medicament and mounted for axial reciprocation within the shield; and wherein a locking member initially mounted on the barrel, wherein the locking member engages the shield during expression of medicament from the barrel, and subsequent to said engagement is dismounted from the barrel, the dismounted locking member thereafter preventing reciprocation of the barrel within the shield.  <IMAGE>
Patent JP-2003523154-A (JP)
IPC: G10L19/02
Filed: 2001-02-10
Abstract: The invention relates to a device for receiving digital radio signals. The device has a digital receiving appliance comprising a tuner and a demodulator that is connected to said tuner. The device also contains a first microcomputer. The demodulator and the first microcomputer are connected to a supplementary module by an appliance interface of the digital receiving appliance. Said supplementary module has a second microcomputer and a signal processing unit which is controlled by said second microcomputer and which is connected to the appliance interface at the output end. The supplementary module also contains at least one other signal output through which the signals that are processed in the signal processing unit can be output.
Patent JP-2003523393-A (JP)
Title: 呼吸器疾患治療用メタロプロティナーゼ阻害剤
IPC: A61K31/522
Filed: 2001-02-26
Abstract: (57)【要約】
組織破壊を伴う呼吸器疾患治療用薬剤を製造するための化合物の使用であって、該化合物は酵素分析において濃度１００μＭ以下で、ＭＭＰ１またはＭＭＰ２またはＭＭＰ８またはＭＭＰ９を５０％以上阻害する阻害活性を示し、かつ、１００μＭでＣＯＰＤ肺組織中でＭＭＰ１またはＭＭＰ２またはＭＭＰ８またはＭＭＰ９を未治療濃度の５０％以下にまで下方制御する。
Patent JP-2003533079-A (JP)
Title: Ｒｆ通信システム用チャネル仮選択方法
IPC: H04W72/08
Filed: 2001-04-07
Abstract: (57)【要約】
本発明は、各加入者局（Ｓ１乃至Ｓｎ）は送信機及び受信機を具備した複数の加入者局（Ｓ１乃至Ｓｎ，ｎ≧２）を含むＲＦ通信システム、特に、屋内ネットワークのため、情報が加入者局（Ｓ１乃至Ｓｎ）の間で、夫々の送信機及び受信機と、ＲＦ通信システム内でＲＦ通信のため利用できる複数のチャネルとを用いて交換されるチャネル申し込み方法に関する（図２）。
Patent JP-2003531597-A (JP)
Title: ニンニク含有飼料組成物を使用するイヌ科動物免疫応答増強法
IPC: A23K1/16
Filed: 2001-04-27
Abstract: (57)【要約】
有効量のニンニクを飼料１kg当り約1〜10gの量で含有する飼料組成物をイヌ科動物に与えることを含む、イヌ科動物の免疫応答を増強させ総合健康状態を改善するための組成物および方法が提供される。この飼料組成物はイヌ科動物に与えたときに抗酸化、抗癌および免疫調節の諸利益をもたらす。イヌ科動物は有効量のニンニクを含有する飼料を彼等の栄養必要分に適する量および頻度で与えられると、その結果として、増加したリンパ球芽体発生によって増強された免疫応答を生じ、そして動物の総合健康状態を改善する。
Patent JP-2004517297-A (JP)
IPC: C12Q1/02
Filed: 2001-03-14
Abstract: A biochip for diagnostic purposes comprises a sample carrier made of a solid matrix, on the surface of said sample carrier is bound the sample material to be analysed which originates from a biological organism.
Patent JP-2004507456-A (JP)
Title: 成長ホルモン分泌促進薬として有用なテトラヒドロイソキノリン類縁体
IPC: C07D405/12
Filed: 2001-05-07
Abstract: 成長ホルモンの内因性産生または放出の刺激および肥満、骨粗鬆症（骨密度の改善）の治療および筋肉量および筋肉強度の改善に有用なテトラヒドロキノリン類縁体を提供する。テトラヒドロキノリン類縁体は構造式（Ｉ）： 【化１５１】     ［式中、Ｒ １ 、Ｒ ２ 、Ｒ ３ 、Ｒ ３   ａ 、Ｘ １ 、Ｘ ２ 、Ｘ ３ 、Ｘ ４ 、ｍおよびｎは明細書の記載と同意義である］。
Patent JP-2003533635-A (JP)
IPC: F02M47/00
Filed: 2001-03-23
Abstract: The invention relates to an injection assembly for an accumulator fuel-injection system comprising an injection nozzle (18) which projects into a combustion chamber (16) and which can be supplied with fuel from a high-pressure fuel distributor (12) via a high-pressure fuel supply route and a nozzle needle (32) which opens and closes the injection nozzle depending on the pressure in a valve control chamber (58). The fuel is supplied to the valve control chamber by a supply channel (60) branching off from the fuel supply route and opening into said control chamber. The fuel flows out of the valve control chamber via an outflow route (64) originating from said chamber. In addition, an auxiliary channel (72), which opens into the outflow route, branches off from the fuel supply. The outflow route can be shut off downstream of the mouth of the auxiliary channel to prevent the outflow of fuel, using a shut off device (68). To avoid leakages which cannot be used for control purposes, the shut-off device is configured to shut off the auxiliary channel to the outflow of fuel, in such a way that when the outflow route is shut off, the auxiliary channel is open and vice versa.
Patent JP-2003200818-A (JP)
Title: Portal car washing device
Inventor: KUROBA HIDEAKI
IPC: B60S3/06
Filed: 2002-01-09
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a portal car washing device that can accurately control vertical motion of an air jet nozzle along a car shape by reliably detecting the car shape by means of blower sensors in a drying process.  <P>SOLUTION: The portal car washing device comprises a car washer body 11 movable in reciprocating fashion on rails by a moving motor and internally having a car washing mechanism, an air jet device 20 for jetting air supplied from air blowers 24 as moving the air jet nozzle 21 vertically via a lifting/ lowering mechanism 16 of the car washer body 11, the blower sensors 25 mounted on the lifting/lowering mechanism 16 and having sensor elements for detecting the shape of an automobile, and a car washing controller 90 for controlling the vertical motion by the lifting/lowering mechanism 16 according to signals detected by the sensor elements of the blower sensors 25. The blower sensors 25 are provided with cleaning means 29 for removing soil adhering to detection surfaces of the sensor elements.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO