Patent GB-745925-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to radar systems
Inventor: RUST NOEL MEYER
IPC: G01S13/36
Filed: 1953-04-16
Abstract: 745,925. Automatic frequency-control systems. MARCONI'S WIRELESS TELEGRAPH CO., Ltd. March 17, 1954 [April 16, 1953], No. 10473/53. Class 38 (4). [Also in Group XL (c)] Relates to C.W. radars of the type in which the frequency of the signal transmitted from T, Fig. 1, is modulated by the output from a sinusoidal ranging oscillator RO whose frequency is adjusted so that the modulation component of the received echo signal is in phase with the output from the ranging oscillator RO, the frequency of the ranging oscillator being then inversely proportional to the range of the reflecting target. According to the present invention the frequency adjustment is effected automatically by modulating the frequency of the ranging oscillator sinusoidally at a low " wobble " frequency, e.g. 50 c/s., heterodyning the received and transmitted signals and extracting from the resultant beat signal a component of wobble frequency which is compared with a reference wobble frequency signal to give an error signal which controls the mean frequency of the ranging oscillator. The Doppler effect is utilized to select reflections from targets whose radial velocities lie within predetermined limits by applying the beat signal from the receiver RM through a Doppler frequency filter DF. The output from filter DF is applied to a suitable display and to a detector WD comprising a tuned circuit WD1 resonant at the Doppler frequency, a rectifier WD2 and a tuned circuit WD3 resonant at the wobble frequency. Neglecting the effect of the wobble oscillator, when the transmitted and received modulations are co-phasal the frequency of the beat output from receiver RM will be constant and equal to the Doppler shift frequency, and the D.C. output from rectifier WD2 will be a maximum, but when the modulations are dephased, i.e. when there is a range error, the frequency of the beat output will be modulated at the ranging frequency and the output from filter WD1 will be intermittent, resulting in a decreased D.C. output from rectifier WD2, as shown in Fig. 4 (c). The wobble oscillator WO in effect causes a small cyclic variation in the relative phase of the transmitted and received modulations. If the mean frequency of the ranging oscillator is correctly adjusted this variation, curve 1, Fig. 4 (d), will be centred about the peak A of the rectifier output, Fig. 4 (c), and the D.C. output will have a symmetrical amplitude modulation, curve 1, Fig. 4 (e), the modulation frequency being equal to twice the wobble frequency. When the mean ranging frequency is incorrect, the periodic phase variation will be centred on points on the sloping portions of the rectifier output curve, Fig. 4 (c), and will result in an unsymmetrical modulation of recurrence frequency equal to the wobble frequency. Curves 2-5, Fig. 4 (e), show the modulation caused by the cyclic phase variation of curves 2-5, Fig. 4 (d), which are centred on points F, H, B and C respectively on the rectifier output curve, Fig. 4 (c). The wobble frequency component of the rectifier output is selected by filter WD3, and applied to transformer PC5 of discriminator PC, a reference signal obtained by squaring at L an output from the wobble oscillator WD being applied to transformer PC1 of the discriminator. The ranging oscillator is preferably of the resistancecapacity type in which case its mean frequency is controlled by applying the D.C. error voltage from discriminator PC to control a motor which adjusts a frequency-determining resistor and the frequency wobble is effected by applying the output from the wobble oscillator WO to drive a further motor which continuously rotates frequency-determining capacitors. The system is set up by adjusting the frequency of the ranging oscillator RO manually until an output is obtained from filter DF. When the automatic control is switched on the frequency deviation of the carrier is caused to increase exponentially by biasing the amplitude of the ranging oscillations by a charged resistancecapacity circuit of long time constant.