Patent GB-737092-A (GB)
Title: Fuels and lubricants for internal combustion engines
Inventor: BEYNON JOHN HENRY
IPC: C10L1/30
Filed: 1952-06-23
Abstract: A minor proportion of an organometallic compound of formula MR2, where M is iron, nickel or ruthenium and R is a substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentadienyl radical is added either to the fuel for an internal-combustion engine or to a lubricating oil. Substituents mentioned are hydroxyl, amino, cyano, mercapto, ether, thioether, acyl, keto, carbalkoxy, carboxylic acid and sulphonic acid groups and hydrocarbon groups such as alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl, and aralkyl. Compounds referred to are dicyclopentadienyl iron, diethyl-, dipropyl-, and dibutyl-cyclo-pentadienyl iron, di-(acetylcyclopentadienyl) iron, and dicyclopentadienyl iron carboxylic acid and its salts, esters, amides and cyano compounds. Oil-soluble organic compounds of boron, phosphorus, arsenic or silicon may be added as scavengers.  Boron compounds specified are organic esters of boric acids such as triethyl, tripropyl and tributyl borates, esters of boric acid and diisopropyl carbinol and methyl isobutyl carbinol, di-(methyl isobutyl carbinyl) methylboronate, cyclic esters of boric acid and 2,4-pentane diol, pinacol, 2,4-dimethyl-pentane-2,4-diol and 2,4-dimethyl-hexane-2,4-diol, the cyclic ester of methylboronic acid and 2,4-pentane diol, ethyl 2,4-dimethyl-hexane-2,4-diol borate, ethyl pentane-2,4-diol borate, ethyl 2,4-dimethyl-pentane-2,4-diol borate, ethyl pinacol borate and p  ethyl 2-methyl-pentane-2,4-diol borate.  Phosphorus-containing scavengers referred to are esters of oxyacids of phosphorus, for example trimethyl, triethyl, tripropyl and tributyl phosphates and phosphites, triphenyl, tricresyl, tri - (4 - ethylphenyl), tri - (4 - tertiary butyl phenyl), trixylenyl, tri-2-naphthyl, tri-(4-isopropyl-1-naphthyl), tribenzyl, triphenyl ethyl, tricyclohexyl, tri-(trichlorophenyl) and tri - (4 - chlorobenzyl) orthophosphates, diisoamyl cyclohexyl, dibutyl phenyl and 2-naphthyl diphenyl orthophosphate and triphenyl phosphite. Arsenic compounds analagous to the phosphorus compounds may be used, for example tricresyl arsenite and diethyl phenylarsonate. Silicon-containing scavengers mentioned are esters of silicic acid such as tetramethyl, tetraethyl, tetrapropyl, tetrabutyl, tetraphenyl, tetracresyl, tetraxylenyl silicates, di- and tri-ethyl silicates, di- and tri-cresyl silicates, polymers made by the autocondensation of the partial esters, alkoxyamino silanes, e.g. di - tert. - butoxydiaminosilane and methoxy - tert. - butoxydiaminosilane, and tetrahydrocarbyl silicanes, e.g. ethyl propylbenzylphenylsilicane.  The fuels may contain other additives such as 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary-butyl phenol, hydroquinone, 2,6 - ditertiary - butyl - 4 - methyl phenol, N-phenyl-a -naphthylamine and N,N1 - dibutyl - p - phenylene diamine; and anti-knock additives such as iron carbonyl, tetraethyl lead, ethyltrimethyl lead, diethyldimethyl lead, triethylmethyl lead and tetramethyl lead, halohydrocarbons being also generally present when lead anti-knock agents are used. Fuels specified are straight-run, thermally or catalytically cracked or reformed gasolines, benzene, toluene, alcohols or ethers.  Lubricating oils referred to are mineral or synthetic oils; the lubricating compositions may also contain antioxidants, e.g. aromatic amines, alkylated phenols and aminophenols, corrosion inhibitors, e.g. partial fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols and alkyl substituted succinic acids, detergents, e.g. metal soaps of fatty acids, naphthenic acids or hydroxy aromatic carboxylic acids, pour-point depressants, anti-foam agents and V.I. improvers.  Specifications 722,538, 737,109, 737,110, [all in Group IV (b)], and 737,124 are referred to.  The Provisional Specifications refer also to polyvalent and heavy metal derivatives of cyclopentadiene.