Patent GB-671380-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to fuel oils
IPC: C10L1/24
Filed: 1949-03-28
Abstract: Oil-soluble petroleum sulphonates are derived from non-paraffinic oils, particularly naphthenic oils, by sulphonation with sulphuric acid, oleum, chlorosulphonic acid, sulphur trioxide or mixtures thereof, removing the sludge and neutralizing the acid-treated oil with sodium hydroxide or other alkali hydroxide such as potassium, lithium, rubidium or casium hydroxide.  The alkali solution formed is extracted with alcohol and the alcohol layer distilled to recover the sulphonates, which may be purified by mixing with a light hydrocarbon, such as a highly paraffinic hydrocarbon having a boiling range of 100-260 DEG  F. and distilling the hydrocarbon layer; alternatively, the sulphonic acids may be separated from the acid sludge, treated with the aqueous alcohol, the alcohol solution mixed with the paraffinic hydrocarbon and the mixture then neutralized. Specifications 587,624, [Group III], and 613,424 and U.S.A. Specifications 2,236,933, 2,334,532, 2,357,866, 2,368,452, 2,395,713, 2,406,763, 2,413,199, 2,414,773 and 2,416,397 are referred to.ALSO:A non-clogging fuel oil comprises a cracked hydrocarbon fuel oil and an oil-soluble alkali metal salt of a petroleum sulphonic acid derived from a non-paraffinic petroleum stock, i.e. a naphthenic oil.  The fuel oils used may have a boiling range of 340 DEG F to 700 DEG F and may be thermally or catalytically cracked hydrocarbon oils or mixtures of these oils with straight-run fuel oils.  Detergents and solutizers may be added to the composition, and also foam inhibitors such as dimethyl silicone, fluoro organic compounds and salts of the alkyl esters of alkylene diphosphates. Detergents specified are the alkali, alkaline earth, heavy metal and organic nitrogen base salts of organic acids various types of which are mentioned, including salts of aromatic and hydroxyaromatic carboxylic acids and aliphatic acids, carbamates, thiocarbamates and xanthates; phenates and alcoholates may also be used.  Specific detergents mentioned are barium tertiaryoctyl phenol sulphide and disulphide, barium di-tertiary-amyl phenol sulphide, calcium iso-hexadecyl phenol sulphide, magnesium tertiary-amyl phenol sulphide, cobalt tertiary-amyl phenol sulphide, barium dodecyl salicylate sulphide, the sulphide of the barium salt of the amyl ester of p-hydroxy dithiobenzoic acid and calcium octyl phenol selenide.  Neutral or basic salts may be used.  Solutizers mentioned are the glycol-ethers and alcohols such as the glycols, examples of which are given.  The fuel oil may contain from 0.005-0.01 per cent of the petroleum sulphonate, 0-0.005 per cent of the detergent and 0-0.025 per cent of solutizer; a concentrate of these ingredients in the oil may also be made up and added to more fuel oil to obtain the above proportions. Specifications 587,624 and 613,424 and U.S.A. Specifications 2,236,933, 2,334,532, 2,357,866, 2,368,452, 2,395,713, 2,406,763, 2,413,199, 2,414,773 and 2,416,397 are referred to.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91, refers also to the use of hydrocarbon fuel oils in general and to the use of naphthenates as detergents.  This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.