Patent GB-964571-A (GB)
Title: Salts of surface active agents and their use in stabilising polymers
Inventor: BECKER EWALD GEORG
IPC: C08L27/06
Filed: 1960-03-18
Abstract: The invention comprises the barium and cadmium salts of a surface-active agent which is an ester composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen alone, the molecule of which contains at least 2 ester linkages and 1 to 3 free carboxyl groups, the remainder of the molecule being composed of aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon groups, said groups comprising at least 2 lipophilic groups each containing 12 to 30 carbon atoms, the ratio between the total number of carbon atoms and the number of free carboxyl groups being between 45:1 and 80:1 and the molecular weight being between 600 and 2000. The suitable surface-active agents are those described in Specification 930,371. The cadmium salts are made by adding an aqueous solution of cadmium acetate to a suspension of the surface-active agent in an aqueous lye followed by washing and drying the resultant precipitate. The barium salts are made similarly, barium chloride being used instead of cadmium acetate. Examples describe the preparation of the barium and cadmium salts of the products of Examples 7, 21, 22 and 23 of Specification 930,371.ALSO:The invention comprises polymers of vinyl chloride containing a small amount of a barium and/or cadmium salt of a surface-active agent which is an ester composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen alone, the molecule of which contains at least 2 ester linkages and 1 to 3 free carboxyl groups, the remainder of the molecule being composed of aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon groups, said groups comprising at least 2 lipophilic groups each containing 12 to 30 carbon atoms, the ratio between the total number of carbon atoms and the number of free carbonyl groups being between 45:1 and 80:1 and the molecular weight being between 600 and 2000 (see Division C2). The surface-active agents are those described in Specification 930,371.  The polymers of vinyl chloride are heat-stabilized by the incorporation therein of the barium and cadmium salts of the surface-active agents. In Example 1 a plasticized, heat-stabilized film is made by working 100 parts of polyvinylchloride and 50 parts of dioctyl phthalate on a roller mill at 170 DEG C. with 2 parts of the cadmium salt of the reaction product of an isomerised soyabean oil, maleic anhydride and stearyl alcohol described in Example 7 of Specification 930,371. The barium salt may be used instead of the cadmium salt. Examples 2 and 3 are similar but use the barium or cadmium salts of the products of Examples 21-23 of Specification 930,371, these being, respectively, adducts of (21) refined castor oil and maleic anhydride, (22) maleic anhydride and an interesterified mixture of refined castor and groundnut oils, and (23) succinic anhydride and an interesterified mixture of refined castor and palm oils. According to the Provisional Specification the adducts described in Specification 930,371 or their sodium or potassium salts may be used as emulsifiers for the emulsionpolymerization of vinyl or vinylidene compounds such as vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, styrene, acrylonitrile, butadiene or vinylidene chloride.ALSO:According to the Provisional Specification the compounds disclosed in Specification 930,371 may be used to keep difficulty dispersable pigments such as carbon black and Prussion Blue in a dispersed state.  They also prevent settling and formation of hard sediments of pigments in ready-for-use non-aqueous paints and are effective in preventing the de-mixing of nonaqueous dispersions of different pigments, such as yellow and blue pigment in green paints. The compounds can also be used for the preparation of non-aqueous pigment dispersions from their aqueous suspension by displacement of the aqueous phase from the surface of the pigment particles by an organic medium.  The compounds disclosed in Specification 930,371 are esters composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen alone, the molecule of which contains at least 2 ester linkages and 1-3 free carboxyl groups, the remainder of the molecule being composed of aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon groups, said groups comprising at least 2 lipophilic groups each containing 12-30 carbon atoms, the ratio between the total number of carbon atoms and the number of free carboxyl groups being between 45 : 1 and 80 : 1 and the molecular weight being between 600 and 2000.ALSO:According to Example 1 of the Provisional Specification cakes baked from a mix containing margarine with 3% of a condensation product of mallic anhydride with isomerized soy-bean or caster oil retain their freshness longer than cakes baked from the same mix containing the same margarine with none of the condensation product. Specification 930,371 is referred to.ALSO:According to the Provisional Specification, the compounds disclosed in Specification 930,371 may be used for dispersing disinfectants, insecticides and herbicides in aqueous and non-aqueous media.  Example 4 describes an emulsion stated to be suitable as a basis for pesticidal, particularly herbicidal, compositions, the emulsion comprising paraffin oil, water and the sodium salt of a condensation product of maleic anhydride with re-esterified castor oil.  The compounds may also be used as emulsifiers in cosmetic creams such as cold creams, shaving creams, deodorant creams and suntan creams.  Example 2 describes the preparation of a cleansing cream comprising Vaseline oil ("Vaseline" is a Registered Trade Mark), water and a condensation product of maleic anhydride with castor oil.  The compounds disclosed in Specification 930,371 are esters composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen alone, the molecule of which contains at least 2 ester linkages and 1-3 free carboxyl groups, the remainder of the molecule being composed of aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon groups, said groups comprising at least 2 lipophilic groups each containing 12-30 carbon atoms, the ratio between the total number of carbon atoms and the number of free carboxyl groups being between 45 : 1 and 80 : 1 and the molecular weight being between 600 and 2000.ALSO:In Example 3 of the Provisional Specification an emulsion for use in the sizing of paper comprises paraffin wax, colophonium, benzene, water and a condensation product of maleic anhydride with reesterified castor oil.