baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent NZ-743288-A (NZ)
Title: Beverage that contains microbial cells
Inventor: SHIBATA YUSUKE
IPC: A23L2/70
Filed: 2016-12-15
Abstract: The present invention addresses the problem of providing an effective means for improving the dispersibility of the precipitation product or aggregation product of a microbial cell such as a lactic acid bacterium which is generated during production and storage of a beverage containing the microbial cell. The present invention provides a microbial cell-containing beverage characterized by comprising (A) a microbial cell powder and (B) a polyglycerin fatty acid ester obtained by ester linkage of a polyglycerin having a degree of polymerization of 3 to 10 and a C10-18 fatty acid.
Patent NZ-750474-A (NZ)
Title: Compositions and methods for treating and repairing tendons
Inventor: HOFFMANN ROLF
IPC: A61P19/04
Filed: 2014-02-12
Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods utilizing hair follicle derived Non-Bulbar Dermal Sheath cells for use in the treatment or prevention of the tendon injuries.
Patent NZ-750901-A (NZ)
Title: Method for purification of animal or vegetable fats
Inventor: MALM ANNIKA
IPC: C11B3/16
Filed: 2017-09-28
Abstract: Present invention relates to a novel process for purification of lipid material for further use as such as e.g. a source of fuel or chemicals.
Patent NZ-751704-A (NZ)
Title: Embolisation systems
Inventor: ALLEN WAYNE
IPC: A61B17/12
Filed: 2014-03-14
Abstract: There is provided herein an embolization device for promoting clot formation in a lumen. The embolization device comprises at least a stem and a bundle of flexible bristles extending outwardly from the stem. The bristles have a contracted delivery configuration and a deployed configuration in which the bristles extend generally radially outwardly from the stem to anchor the device in a lumen. The embolization device has a length L and a diameter ø, where L/ø is greater than or equal to 1. Further, the embolization device comprises at least two groups of bristles. The embolization device comprises an anchoring group of bristles adapted for anchoring the bristle device to a body lumen. The embolization device comprises an occlusion group of bristles for occlusion of a lumen to create an embolization. In addition, a plurality of the bristles of the embolization device are configured to contact the lumen to cause denudation of an endothelium layer of the lumen. There is also provided herein a loading system for such an embolization device. The loading system comprises at least a bristle embolization device, a loading tube and a loading element for loading the bristle device into the loading tube.
Patent NZ-767740-A (NZ)
Title: Insulated trimming device
Inventor: JAMES PATRICK SOKALSKI
IPC: F16P3/00
Filed: 2020-08-21
Abstract: A system (100) for trimming vegetation or other materials can comprise a mobile vehicle, a telescopic assembly which can comprise one or more first members (140) operative to be coupled in use to the mobile vehicle and one or more second members (110) configured to be coupled to the one or more first members at a first end and to a cutting member at a second end opposite to the first end, where the one or more second members can comprise an electrically non-conductive material so as to electrically insulate the one or more first members from the cutting member and an earthing member configured to electrically ground the mobile vehicle and the telescopic assembly.
Patent PT-107296-A (PT)
Title: Sistema integrado de comunicação dinâmico com controlo remoto em tempo real, com capacidade de interatividade, reconhecimento e interação humana
Inventor: REINA ALEXANDRE DE MEDEIROS
IPC: G09F27/00
Filed: 2013-11-13
Abstract: A INVENÇÃO É UM SISTEMA INOVADOR DE EXIBIÇÃO DE PUBLICIDADE, APRESENTAÇÃO DE PRODUTOS, PROMOÇÕES E CONCEITOS DE MARCA EM MONTRAS DE LOJAS E OUTROS ESPAÇOS UTILIZANDO CONTEÚDOS VÍDEO. COM OPÇÃO PARA MÓDULOS INTERATIVOS, TEM A CAPACIDADE DE RECONHECIMENTO HUMANO, GÉNERO, IDADE E INTERAÇÃO COM UTILIZADOR. CONFIGURA CRIAÇÃO DE NOVO MEDIA, POSSIBILITANDO QUE A VENDA DE ESPAÇO PUBLICITÁRIO A CLIENTES FORA DA REDE POSSA GERAR RECEITAS AOS UTILIZADORES. O SISTEMA É COMPLEMENTADO COM ESTRATÉGIAS DE FIDELIZAÇÃO ATRAVÉS DE UMA APLICAÇÃO PARA DISPOSITIVOS INFORMÁTICOS MÓVEIS. A INVENÇÃO É CONSTITUÍDA POR UM SISTEMA COM SERVIDOR LOCAL, SERVIDOR CENTRAL, CENTRAL DE SERVIÇOS E UMA INFRAESTRUTURA INFORMÁTICA DE GESTÃO DO SISTEMA QUE UTILIZARÃO APLICAÇÕES PROPRIETÁRIAS, CONTROLO E EMISSÃO E ATUALIZAÇÃO REMOTA DOS CONTEÚDOS E APLICAÇÕES, ATRAVÉS LIGAÇÃO AO SERVIDOR CENTRAL.
Patent PT-108333-A (PT)
Title: Atractivo para libertação controlada de agentes de atracção de insectos
Inventor: RICARDO JOSÉ FERREIRA NETO
IPC: A01N25/28
Filed: 2015-03-31
Abstract: ATRACTIVO (1) PARA LIBERTAÇÃO CONTROLADA DE AGENTES DE ATRACÇÃO (4) DE INSECTOS QUE COMPREENDE, UM INVÓLUCRO EXTERNO (2) POLIMÉRICO COM UMA POROSIDADE ENTRE 1 E 5%; UMA MATRIZ SÓLIDA INTERNA INORGÂNICA, QUE SERÁ COLOCADA NO ESPAÇO (3), COM POROSIDADE ENTRE 30 A 70% QUE CONTÉM NANOPARTÍCULAS ESFÉRICAS DE POLI(1-METIL PIRROL-2) ESQUARAÍNA, COM UM DIÂMETRO ENTRE 0,5 E 5 M; PROCESSO DE OBTENÇÃO DO ATRACTIVO (1) EM QUE SÃO EFECTUADOS OS PASSOS DE PREPARAÇÃO DE UMA SOLUÇÃO CONCENTRADA DO ATRACTIVO SEXUAL OU ALIMENTAR NUM SOLVENTE ADEQUADO À MESMA E NA CONCENTRAÇÃO PRETENDIDA CONFORME O FIM A QUE O OBJECTO SE DESTINA E ADEQUADO AO INSECTO ALVO SEGUIDO DE IMPREGNAÇÃO PRÉVIA COM A INTRODUÇÃO DO ATRACTIVO SEXUAL OU ALIMENTAR NAS NANOPARTÍCULAS ATRAVÉS DA SUA IMERSÃO NA SOLUÇÃO PREVIAMENTE PREPARADA E A APLICAÇÃO DE ULTRA-SONS EM VÁRIOS PERÍODOS, POSTERIOR EXTRACÇÃO DAS NANOPARTÍCULAS IMERSAS, SEGUIDA DA CRIAÇÃO DA MATRIZ INTERNA ATRAVÉS DE UMA MISTURA DE PARTÍCULAS POLIMÉRICAS IMPREGNADAS, SULFATO DE CÁLCIO HIDRATADO E ÁGUA E POR ÚLTIMO COLOCAÇÃO DA MISTURA PREPARADA NO INTERIOR DO INVÓLUCRO EXTERNO (2) PREVIAMENTE FABRICADO COM POSTERIOR PERÍODO DE SECAGEM.
Patent PT-109770-A (PT)
Title: Consola digital tactil com sistema facilitador e de acompanhamento de clientes durante o processo de selecção, registo e pagamento de productos em espaços comerciais
Inventor: RODRIGO MIGUEL COUTINHO DA ROCHA PEREIRA
IPC: G07G3/00
Filed: 2016-11-30
Abstract: CONSOLA DIGITAL TÁCTIL COM SISTEMA FACILITADOR E DE ACOMPANHAMENTO DE CLIENTES DURANTE O PROCESSO DE SELECÇÃO, REGISTO E PAGAMENTO DE PRODUTOS EM ESPAÇOS COMERCIAIS. A CONSOLA É CONSTITUÍDA POR UM COMPUTADOR COM SOFTWARE, ECRÃ TÁCTIL(1), PISTOLA DE LEITURA DE CÓDIGOS DE BARRAS(2), BOTÃO ON/OFF(3), INTERFACE PARA LIGAÇÕES USB(4), INTERFACE PARA LIGAÇÃO DE CARREGADOR DE BATERIA(5), INTERFACE PARA LIGAÇÃO DO CABO DA PISTOLA DE LEITURA DE CÓDIGO DE BARRAS(6), ANTENA WIFI, UMA TAG RFID, BASE DE ENCAIXE RÁPIDO(7) APLICÁVEL EM QUALQUER CARRINHO DE COMPRAS CONVENCIONAL POR INTERMÉDIO DE UMA ABRAÇADEIRA METÁLICA REGULÁVEL(8). O EQUIPAMENTO AGREGA HARDWARE E SOFTWARE E TEM AS SEGUINTES FUNCIONALIDADES: · IMPORTAÇÃO (APPLE/ANDROID), VISUALIZAÇÃO, EDIÇÃO E CONTROLO DE CHECK-LIST DE COMPRAS. · LOCALIZAÇÃO DE PRODUCTOS. · REDUÇÃO DO TEMPO DE ESPERA EM FILAS NAS CAIXAS. · EVITA O TRANSBORDO DE COMPRAS ENTRE CARRINHO-TAPETECARRINHO. · AUMENTO DO FLUXO DE CLIENTES POR UNIDADE DE TEMPO. · REDUÇÃO DE CUSTOS DO HIPERMERCADO. · PUBLICIDADE A PRODUTOS.
Patent RU-94018035-A (RU)
Inventor: SHCHANKIN M M
IPC: B61H5/00
Filed: 1994-05-12
Abstract: FIELD: railway transport; brake systems. SUBSTANCE: disk brake has hinge joint with two degrees of freedom connecting the shoe with caliper type mechanism lever. One of axes of joint should be parallel to axis of suspension of caliper mechanism from frame, providing self-alignment of shoe at axial directed movement of wheelset relative to bogie. The other should be parallel to car axis providing self-alignment of shoe at heeling movement of bogie relative to wheelset. Hinge joint is most efficient at intersecting axes. EFFECT: enhanced reliability of operation.
Patent RU-94027970-A (RU)
Inventor: BASINSKIJ S N
IPC: A61F9/00
Filed: 1994-07-25
Abstract: FIELD: medicine; ophthalmology. SUBSTANCE: method involves implantation of a silicon tube fixed directly to the choroid by means of collagen sponge. The tube is lead through the conjunctiva to the forehead and fastened with a piece of plaster. Drugs are administered daily through the tube directly to the choroid, and the sponge provides a depot for the drugs. The sponge also has a biostimulating effect during the early postoperative period. EFFECT: shorter treatment period.
Patent RU-94028518-A (RU)
Inventor: ANIKEJCHEV V S
IPC: G01P21/00
Filed: 1994-07-27
Abstract: FIELD: measurement technology. SUBSTANCE: proposed method consists in positioning of accelerometer on vertical base, turn of base about horizontal axis through angles 0, 90, 180, 270 deg from initial position. Apart from this accelerometer is turned about sensitivity axis on base through angle 180 deg. Errors of accelerometers base and deformation angle of base are separately calculated by its output signals. EFFECT: enhanced reliability of method.
Patent RU-94033510-A (RU)
Inventor: POPOV JU V
IPC: G11B27/36
Filed: 1994-09-14
Abstract: FIELD: digital information recording. SUBSTANCE: monitored information is stored by on- board unit to magnetic carrier. This information is encoded as code without self-correction capability. When information is read, errors of second type could occur (signal which carries 1 is read, while signal which carries 0 is not). Sometimes such errors in read information is impossible to detect. Difference between adjacent measurements and transition matrices are used for detection of error in code information. EFFECT: increased reliability.
Patent RU-94036128-A (RU)
Inventor: MILJUSHIN N N
IPC: G01L5/22
Filed: 1994-09-27
Abstract: FIELD: pulse equipment. SUBSTANCE: invention can be used for realization of devices of industrial automatics and of automatic control over production processes. Contactless position pickup includes two inductive generators, register in which capacity phase comparator, for instance, D flip-flop is used. Output of each generator is connected to proper input of flip-flop. Novelty of pickup consists in incorporation of commutator placed into circuit of positive feedback into circuit of generator. Controlling input of it is connected to output of second generator in this case. EFFECT: enhanced functional reliability of pickup.
Patent RU-94036843-A (RU)
Inventor: MEL NIKOV B S
IPC: A63H15/06
Filed: 1994-09-30
Abstract: FIELD: production of "vanka-vstanka" type toys. SUBSTANCE: toy has integral body made from light material and spherical member rolling within channels and cavities made in doll body. Rolling of spherical member within body may create three types of toy body rocking, each being finished with respective stable state. The purpose of the toy is to reach one of these states. EFFECT: simplified construction, increased entertaining and teaching effect and enhanced reliability in operation.
Patent RU-94036848-A (RU)
Inventor: ELISTRATOV V G
IPC: B64C29/00
Filed: 1994-09-30
Abstract: FIELD: aviation. SUBSTANCE: aeroplane has triangular fuselage with cabin, engine plant, lift propeller located in through hole of middle fuselage; on either side from it through holes are symmetrically arranged which receive axles mounted in horizontal plane connected with drives for their synchronous turn from horizontal plane of rotation to vertical; propellers are located in through holes; swivel stabilizers are arranged symmetrically relative to vertical axis after tilt propellers; engine plant is made in form of turbines located at axes of turn and in central hole; propellers are secured on shafts of respective turbines. EFFECT: increased lift force and speed and enhanced efficiency of handling. 2 cl, 3 dwg
Patent RU-94039160-A (RU)
Inventor: LEJBIN M A
IPC: F41A27/06
Filed: 1994-10-18
Abstract: FIELD: armored vehicles. SUBSTANCE: process may be used for installation of gun in tank. Journals are made on gun on which cassings with bearings are put. Bores are made in separable part of turret, locating surfaces on separable and main parts of turret are manufactured in the form of two planes arranged at angle to each other and in parallel to axis of journals. Gun is attached to separable part of turret for movement with the help of journals and casing with bearings. Then separable and main parts are fastened together. Realization of proposed process makes it possible to replace gun 8 times quicker than by the prototype process. mentioned replacement of gun can be performed in the field (prototype process considers conditions of repay unit or works). EFFECT: considerably decreased time of reconditioning of fighting capacity of object of armored engineering if gun or front part of turret are damaged, reduced mass of tank, improvement of its key characteristics.
Patent RU-94041218-A (RU)
Inventor: DVEJN LEROJ KLASTROM
IPC: C22C19/03
Filed: 1993-02-26
Abstract: FIELD: nonferrous metallurgy. SUBSTANCE: corrosion resistance and high heat stability in alloys with high molybdenum content is provided by controlling atom concentrations in the alloy formula NiMoXYZe where a is more than 73 and less than 44%; b = 18-23%; X is one or more alloy substitution elements selected from VI, VII, and VII groups of periodic system; c does not exceed 5% for any individual element; Y is one or more optional alloy substitution elements; d does not exceed about 1% for any individual element; Z is one or more inclusion elements; e is as low content as possible and does not exceed 0.2% for the sum of elements; and c + d = 2.5-7.5%. EFFECT: increased heat resistance.
Patent RU-94042883-A (RU)
Inventor: AGANIN L G
IPC: B60R19/04
Filed: 1994-12-05
Abstract: FIELD: automotive industry; automobile bumpers. SUBSTANCE: bumper 1 has inner panel 3 and outer panel 2 which have upper edges 4, 5 and lower edges 6, 7 overlapped and fixed by bolts 9 to form box section. Inner panel 3, made of plastic, is connected to support surface of body 1. It hassection open at side of outer panel 2. EFFECT: increased shock absorbing properties of bumper; possibility of arrangement of electric wires and connectors and working liquid tanks inside bumpers. 4 cl, 4 dwg
Patent RU-94043752-A (RU)
Inventor: SIROTINKIN V V
IPC: H05H5/02
Filed: 1994-12-14
Abstract: FIELD: plasma engineering; charged-particle accelerating devices; radiation technology; gas lasers with non-self-maintained discharge. SUBSTANCE: accelerator has vacuum chamber accommodating bushing-mounted secondary-emission cathode, anode, and near-anode plasma space, as well as outlet window with supporting grid. The latter is formed by ribs equally spaced apart. Supporting grid is built integral with anode flat metal plates installed on insulators in center of inter-rib clearances in parallel to ribs are connected to high-frequency power supply. Such design enables elimination of drift gap thereby reducing beam energy loss and use of high-stability high-frequency glow discharge. EFFECT: improved efficiency and operating stability, enlarged control range of accelerator electron beam power.
Patent RU-94044755-A (RU)
Inventor: PETROV A B
IPC: H04B3/46
Filed: 1994-12-19
Abstract: FIELD: communication. SUBSTANCE: method refers to means measuring characteristics of communication lines and may be used in two-way communication lines with centralized control. Method consists in sending of quasi-periodic signal from nearest end of communication line with subsequent relaying of it back with change of spectrum at far end. During conversion of spectrum initial phases of harmonics of returned signal are allocated phases of harmonics of first signal at end of communication line. Two group delays in forward and backward directions are calculated by results of measurements at nearest end. EFFECT: enhanced authenticity of method.
Patent RU-94046293-A (RU)
Inventor: KHANS-JOKHOM RIBEL
IPC: C07D251/16
Filed: 1993-05-17
Abstract: FIELD: organic chemistry, chemical technology. SUBSTANCE: product: derivatives of sulfonylamino(thio)carbonyl of the general formula (I)where Q, Rand Rhave values indicated in claim 1 of invention and synthesized by method indicated in claim 2. Also, the proposed herbicide agent has at least one carrier and an active substance, derivative of sulfonylamino(thio)carbonyl of the formula (I) indicated above. Agent is prepared by mixing an active substance with at least one carrier. Derivative of sulfonylamino(thio)carbonyl of the formula indicated above (I) can be used for struggle against weeds by treatment of weeds or soil with derivatives of sulfonylamino(thio)carbonyl. EFFECT: improved method of synthesis, enhanced effectiveness.
Patent RU-95100020-A (RU)
Inventor: BOBKOVA O S
IPC: C21C7/00
Filed: 1995-01-05
Abstract: FIELD: ferrous metallurgy. SUBSTANCE: method involves smelting steel in steel pouring unit; alloying and treating with slag. In the process of smelting and/or steel discharge oxide mixture is introduced into furnace or is added in the process of steel discharge. Oxide mixture contains manganese and calcium oxides, with CaO/MnO ratio being equal to 0.6-1.2. Manganese is reduced by silicon and aluminum solved in metal and steel is hold under slag in ladle produced upon reduction of manganese, with basicity of CaO/SiObeing equal to 0.7-1.8. Oxide mixture is introduced into molten metal together with silicon-bearing reducer. EFFECT: reduced consumption of material, increased extraction of manganese and increased content of manganese in steel, improved quality of steel by reduced content of aluminum and nonmetal alumina-based inclusions.
Patent RU-95109205-A (RU)
Inventor: VOLKOV M G
IPC: B23D45/04
Filed: 1995-06-05
Abstract: FIELD: mechanical engineering, wood-working industry, apparatuses for blanks production operations, in which cutting tool is rotating disk. SUBSTANCE: abrasive-cutoff machine has table with cantilever, on axis of which traverse is fixed with capability to turn. On one end of traverse electric motor is mounted, on shaft of which main and additional pulleys of V-belt transmission are fixed. Intermediate shaft is passing through axis of cantilever, on ends of which pulleys of V-belt transmission are fixed in pairs. Composite operational shaft is mounted on second end of traverse, on outside ends of which pulleys of V-belt transmission are fixed, and on adjacent ends pressing disks for cutting tool holding are mounted. Pressing disk of one part of shaft is fixed on it rigidly and pressing disk of second part of shaft is put on it by two-sided center boss and has outer edge contacting nut. Nut is located on outer surface of stop bushing fixed on second part of shaft. Elastic member is located between inner butt surfaces of stop bushing and the pressing disk. Main and additional pulleys of electric motor and main and additional pulleys of operational table are in symmetry to each other in respect to axis of machine. All pulleys of V-belt transmission have different diameters. Abrasive-cutoff machine allows to exercise successive stepped adjustment of operational shaft rotation speed in direction of its increase during cutting tool diameter decrease caused by wear and allows to stabilize productivity of machine, to increase service life of cutting tool. Fast readjustment of V-belt transmission, convenience and speed of cutting tool change allow to decrease idle time duration used for maintenance. Cutting tool cantileverless fixation provides improvement of cutting surface shape. Machine has simple design and due to that - moderate cost. EFFECT: increased service life of cutting tool, decreased idle duration used for maintenance, simplified design, moderate cost.
Patent TW-200301712-A (TW)
Title: Composition for rendering surfaces microbial resistant
Inventor: SANDUJA MOHAN L
IPC: A01N25/24
Filed: 2002-11-19
Abstract: The invention provides a water-based composition for grafting an antimicrobial agent onto a substrate. The composition includes a salt of a polymerizable anionic monomer or prepolymer, a graft initiator, a catalyst, and an amount of an cationic antimicrobial agent sufficient to provide an effective concentration in a polymerized graft coating, that is dissolved or dispersed in a compatible water-based solvent system. Substrates treated with the composition and methods of treating substrates with the composition of the invention are also provided.
Patent TW-200301052-A (TW)
Title: Execution control system of communication module, execution control method of communication module, application execution control system and application execution control method
Inventor: TSUDA MASAYUKI
IPC: G06F9/445
Filed: 2002-12-06
Abstract: The mobile phone 2 capable of downloading application software A from web server to execute provides communication module control execution system 1. The judgment part 132 acquires attribute information file 14 as references. When the judgment part 132 find that the record (UseTelephone=call) is available in the attribute information file 14, determine that the calling part 102 is executed by application software A. When the judgment part 132 finds no UseTelephone key presenting, determine that the calling part 102 is executed not by application software A. When the judgment part 132 finds that the value of UseTelephone value is not identical to call, determine the downloading of application software A as impossible. The control part 136 follows the judgment of the judgment part 132 to control the download and execution of application software A.
Patent TW-200304199-A (TW)
Title: Barrier stack with improved barrier properties
Inventor: NAGEL NICOLAS
IPC: H01L21/8246
Filed: 2002-12-26
Abstract: An improved barrier stack for inhibiting diffusion of atoms or molecules, such as O2 is disclosed. The barrier stack is particularly useful in capacitor over plug structures to prevent plug oxidation which can adversely impact the reliability of the structures. The barrier stack includes first and second barrier layers having mismatched grain boundaries. The barrier layers are selected from, for example, Ir, Ru, Pd, Rh, or alloys thereof. By providing mismatched grain boundaries, the interface of the layers block the diffusion path of oxygen. To further enhance the barrier properties, the first barrier layer is passivated with 02 using, for example, a rapid thermal oxidation. The RTO forms a thin oxide layer on the surface of the first barrier layer. The oxide layer can advantageously promote mismatching of the grain boundaries of the first and second barrier layer.
Patent TW-200412867-A (TW)
Title: Food composition containing mythic fungus and bitter tea
Inventor: Wu shu-fen
Filed: 2003-01-23
Abstract: A food composition containing mythic fungus and bitter tea is made by mainly adding a small amount of mythic fungus with 35g of bitter tea oil, 15g of sojutsu var, and 5g of liquorice; boiling and concentrating the resulting mixture to ten folds concentration; adding powder mythic fungus to the mixture until the mixture containing 45g of mythic fungus; baking dry the resulting mixture and grinding the dried mixture to powder, thereby forming a health food composition which can be made into powder, pellets, capsules, or solution and is easy to take and has a unique flavor.
Patent TW-200305505-A (TW)
Title: Stacked phase shift sheet, stacked polarizing plate including the same and image display
Inventor: HAYASHI MASAKI
IPC: G02B5/30
Filed: 2003-02-18
Abstract: The present invention provides a stacked phase shift sheet that exhibits excellent viewing angle characteristics and enables a thickness reduction when used in a liquid crystal display. The stacked phase shift sheet is formed by stacking together an optically anisotropic layer of polymer (A) exhibiting an in-plane phase shift of 20 to 300 nm and a ratio between the thickness-direction phase shift and in-plane phase shift of 1.0 or greater, and an optically anisotropic layer of non-liquid-crystal polymer such as a polyimide (B) exhibiting an in-plane phase shift of 3 nm or greater and a ratio between the thickness-direction phase shift and in-plane phase shift of 1.0 or greater. This stacked phase shift sheet exhibits such excellent optical characteristics that the in-plane phase shift (Re) is 10 nm or greater while the difference between the thickness-direction phase shift and in-plane phase shift is 50 nm or greater.