baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1275972-A (GB)
Title: Negative effective electron affinity emitters with drift fields using deep acceptor doping
IPC: H01L29/00
Filed: 1969-08-04
Abstract: 1275972 Cathode materials and processing RCA CORPORATION 4 Aug 1969 [12 Aug 1968] 38929/69 Heading H1D A negative effective electron affinity electron emitter comprises a P-type semi-conductor body 4 having a given energy gap and including a deep acceptor impurity and a layer 5 a few atomic diameters in thickness of an electropositive work function reducing material on a given surface of the body 4, wherein the ionization energy of the deep acceptor, preferably greater than 0À1 ev., does not exceed the difference between the given energy gap and the work function of the layer 5. Further, either a thin P<SP>+</SP> type surface region 3 or a non-injecting Schottky barrier formed by a high work function material is formed on the face of the semiconductor opposite that on which layer 5 is formed to prevent electrons from diffusing away from layer 5. An arrangement, independent of P<SP>+</SP> type region 3 or the Schottky barrier, is provided to bombard the emitter with electrons to excite electrons into the conduction band of the semi-conductor. Emission is thus facilitated since the vacuum energy level at the surface of the emitter, Fig. 2 (not shown), lies below the bottom of the conduction band in the bulk of the semi-conductor body 4 such that an effective negative electron affinity exists at this surface enabling conduction band electrons diffusing to the surface to arrive thereat with sufficient energy to be emitted therefrom. Also, because of sloping of the bands, an internal potential gradient is formed in the semiconductor which impels electrons toward the emitting surface. The semi-conductor body may comprise gallium phosphide and the deep acceptor impurity may be iron, chromium or copper. The work function reducing layer 5 may comprise caesium or caesium and oxygen and the thin P<SP>+</SP> type region 3 formed by a shallow acceptor such as zinc, cadmium or beryllium. As shown, the semi-conductor body is formed with an alumina substrate 2 adjacent to and supporting the P<SP>+</SP> type region 3, and if this substrate 2 is sufficiently thin, e.g. 500 Š or less, and the incident electron energies sufficiently high, e.g. 3000 ev., the emitter may form a transmission type dynode. A polycrystalline (or monocrystalline) gallium phosphide layer 4 doped with iron to a concentration of 10<SP>17</SP>-10<SP>18</SP> atoms/cm.<SP>3</SP>, may be deposited on to a beryllium layer 3 by the vapour phase reaction of gallium chloride, ferrous chloride and phosphine at 800‹ C. During the growth of this layer the beryllium diffuses into a short distance, e.g. 10- 100 Š, into the gallium phosphide to form the P<SP>+</SP> type region. Preferred layer thickness and dopant concentrations are given. Platinum may comprise the high work function metal that is used to provide the Schottky barrier.
Patent GB-972982-A (GB)
Title: Preparation of fluorinated nitroso compounds
Filed: 1959-11-17
Abstract: Fluorine-containing nitroso compounds are obtained by reacting a fluorine-containing bromide with nitric oxide.  Specified bromide reactants or types of reactant are CF3Br, CF2ClBr, CF3CF2Br, CF2ClCF2Br, (CF3)2 CFBr, (CF3)2CClBr, (CF2Cl)2CFBr, (CF3)3C Br, CF3(CF2)6Br, CH2-CFCF2Br, CF2-CFBr, <FORM:0972982/C1/1> RCF2CF2Br, RCF2CFClBr, RR1CFBr, RR0CClBr, R1fR2fRfCBr and R3fBr, where R is a hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radical, R0 is perfluorocarbon, R1 is a substituted hydrocarbon group containing at least 2 fluorine atoms on the a -carbon atom, R1f, R2f and Rf are perfluorocarbon groups, and R3f is a perfluorocarbon group containing a cyclic carbon atom to which the bromine atom is attached. R may be alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl or alkaryl, or any such group substituted by fluorine and/or chlorine; e.g. R may be CH3, CHF2 or -CH2Cr. The reaction may be carried out by heat and/or in the presence of ultra-violet radiation, and preferably in the presence of a bromine acceptor such as mercury, copper or iron, or aqueous potassium iodide. Examples prepare (1) CF3NO; (2) (CF3)2CFNO; (3)(CF3)3C.NO; (4) CF2-CFNO; <FORM:0972982/C1/2> (5) CF2CINO and (6) CF3(CF2)6NO.  Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 943,224.ALSO:An oily 1:1 copolymer is obtained by reacting CF3NO with tetrafluoroethylene for 48 hours at 0 DEG C. and 140 psig initial pressure.  Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 943,224.
Patent GB-1316736-A (GB)
Title: Diffusion apparatus
IPC: B01D59/12
Filed: 1971-08-20
Abstract: 1316736 Separating gases by diffusion COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE 20 Aug 1971 [20 Aug 1970] 39098/71 Heading B1L Apparatus for separating gases or isotopes by diffusion comprises a cylindrical casing 10 containing a central rigid structure 20, which may be a lattice framework of hexagonal section, and an assembly of microporous tubes 32 surrounding the central structure. The bottom ends of the tubes are mounted in apertures in a plate 14 which is fixed to the central structure and casing, and the top ends are mounted in a plate 26 which is slidable on, but not rotatable about, the central structure. The plate 26 is annular as shown and is sealed by bellows 28, 30 to the casing and to a dome 24 in the central structure, but it may be a disc with a sleeve-like arial projection slidable on the control structure. (For Figure see next column)
Patent GB-1075150-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in control devices for electromagnetic devices
IPC: H02P29/00
Filed: 1964-09-25
Abstract: 1,075,150. Transistor switching circuits. ROBERT BOSCH G.m.b.H. Sept. 25, 1964 [Sept. 27, 1963], No. 39182/64. Heading H3T. [Also in Division F2] A transistor switching circuit for operating an electromagnetic clutch 30 with constantduration pulses at low engine speeds and continuous D.C. at high engine speeds comprises a monostable circuit 51, 52 supplied with pulses from the ignition coil 42 and delivering short pulses 53 to a switching transistor 62 which controls a power transistor 60. When transistor 52 conducts, the pulses 53 drive the base of 62 more positive than the line 41 because of the stored charge in capacitor 65, which charge is thereby transferred to capacitor 68. At the end of pulse 53, rectifier 66 blocks the return path to capacitor 65, and the charge on 68 can only leak away through a high resistance 63. At low engine speeds, transistor 62 therefore provides pulses of the same repetition rate as those from the coil 42 but longer than the pulses 53; these long pulses control the power transistor 60 to supply similar pulses to the clutch winding 30. At higher speeds (e.g. above 2500 r.p.m.) transistor 62 does not become conducting before the next pulse 53 arrives, and power transistor 60 conducts continuously.
Patent GB-1026015-A (GB)
Title: Flocculating agent and soil conditioner containing an acetalized polyvinyl alcohol
IPC: C02F1/52
Filed: 1962-10-17
Abstract: Water-soluble mixed acetals of polyvinyl alcohol with (i) an aldehyde, other than formaldehyde, free from amino groups and (ii) an amino aldehyde may be used as flocculating and soil conditioning agents.  The acetals may be prepared by reacting polyvinyl alcohol, partially saponified polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl acetate or a saponified copolymer of vinyl acetate with allyl alcohol or methyl vinyl ether with a mixture of non-amino and amino aldehydes in the presence of mineral acids, e.g. hydrochloric or sulphuric acid. Specified aldehydes are (i) acetaldehyde, butyraldehyde, heptaldehyde, decaldehyde, dodecaldehyde, benzaldehyde and alkyl substituted benzaldehydes and (ii) amino butyraldehyde, b -cyclohexylamino butyraldehyde, dimethylamino pivaldehyde, p - amino benzaldehyde and p-dimethylamino benzaldehyde, those having more than 7 carbon atoms being preferred. When used for soil conditioning the mixed acetals may be mixed with bentonite or vermiculite. Examples describe mixed acetals of polyvinyl alcohol with n-decaldehyde and b -cyclohexylamino butyraldehyde.
Patent GB-1043829-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to gear systems for automobiles
IPC: F16H63/44
Filed: 1964-09-25
Abstract: 1,043,829. Controlling change-speed gearing. DAIMLER-BENZ A.G. Sept. 25, 1964 [Sept. 26, 1963], No. 39279/64. Heading F2D. In a vehicle transmission comprising an automatically controlled main four-speed and reverse planetary gear 10 in series with an overdrive auxiliary two-speed planetary gear 11, arranged near the main gear or remotely in the vehicle axle, both having fluid pressure actuated clutches and brakes, a shift valve 29 for the auxiliary gear is upshifted to high gear or is prepared for subsequent upshift when a main change-speed selector valve 20 establishes top gear of the main gear. The auxiliary gear 11 comprises an input planet carrier 22, an output sun 23, and a braked ring gear 26. The spool of the auxiliary shift valve 29 is spring-urged leftwards to engage a lock-up clutch 28. When pressure from a control member 32 of the main gear automatic selector 20 is applied to engage top gear in the main gear 10, it also acts through a line 33 to move the auxiliary valve 29 rightwards to apply the ring gear brake to upshift to overdrive, the clutch 28 being released. In Fig. 2 (not shown), an output driven governor actuates a blocking valve in the line 33 to prevent rightward upshift movement of the auxiliary shift valve by the main control below a predetermined vehicle speed. This blocking valve may be manually-operated, and may alternatively be in the pressure supply line 34. In this form the overdrive brake is spring applied, and released by pressure from the same line which engages the direct-drive clutch. Accelerator kick-down exhausts the line 33 to establish direct drive.
Patent GB-896808-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to a device for controlling the pressure in rolling machines
IPC: C14B1/30
Filed: 1960-11-17
Abstract: 896,808. Linkwork. STROJOSVIT, NARODNI PODNIK. Nov. 17, 1960 [Feb. 29, 1960], No. 39515/60. Class 80 (3). [Also in Group XXIX] A device for controlling the pressure of a rolling drum 1 in tannery and other machines, comprises compression-springs 3, 3<SP>1</SP> which act in opposite directions to apply pressure to the drum and are subject to control by the simultaneous displacement in opposite directions of fluid-pressure cylinders 15, 15<SP>1</SP> on adjustable pistons 10, 11. The pistons are in the form of nuts on a screw 9 which has right and left-hand threads and is rotatable by a handle 12 to vary the compression of the springs, the force of which react against casings 13, 13<SP>1</SP> secured to links 4, 5 connected by spherical joints 6 to the bearings of the shaft of the drum and to the frame of the machine. The screw 9 is hollow and connected to the interior of the cylinders 15 and by a member 14, line 18 and non-return valve 17 to a source A of fluid pressure, such as a pump or accumulator. The line 18 is also connected by a by-pass valve 23 and line 22 to a container B. The pressure of fluid supplied to the cylinders, which is indicated on a gauge 19 and controlled by a valve 20, displaces the cylinders 15, 151 on the pistons 10, 11 to increase the compression of the springs and the force applied thereby to the drum. The pressure in the system can be relieved by the by-pass valve 23. If the source A is operative during regulation only, the system may include a non- return valve 24, pipe 25 and by-pass valve 26.
Patent GB-1125735-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of pyridine or substituted pyridines
Inventor: CORRAN JOHN ANTHONY
IPC: C07D213/133
Filed: 1966-09-05
Abstract: 1,125,735. Pyridines. IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES Ltd. 21 Aug., 1967 [5 Sept., 1966], No. 39582/66. Heading C2C. Pyridine or substituted pyridines are prepared by reacting piparidine, a tetrahydropyridine or a substituted derivative thereof with molecular oxygen in the vapour phase at elevated temperature. Preferably, at least 0.5 mol. of oxygen is used for each mol. of hydrogen to be removed from the starting material. It is preferred to carry out the process in the presence of a catalyst, e.g. silica, alumina or silica-alumina, with or without metals, oxides or salts as impregnants.
Patent GB-1334089-A (GB)
Title: Rotary pumps
IPC: F04C2/107
Filed: 1971-08-24
Abstract: 1334089 Rotary positive-displacement pumps ENVIRONMENT/ONE CORP 24 Aug 1971 [31 Aug 1970] 39591/71 Heading F1F In a Moineau pump the stator 16 is connected to a casing 1 of iron, aluminium or P.V.C. by a resilient annular wall 14 of e.g. rubber, the casing having a liner 20 of anti-friction material, e.g. nylon, PTFE or stainless steel. The casing 1 has an inwardly directed flange 8 at the inlet end 2 forming an arcuate surface 18 over which the liner 20 extends to protect the end 15 of the wall 14.
Patent GB-904886-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to plate steel and to articles made therefrom
Inventor: BARDGETT WILLIAM EDWARD
IPC: C21C7/00
Filed: 1957-12-20
Abstract: A method of making weldable carbon steel having a grain size smaller than 5 on the A.S.T.M. rating comprises raising the active nitrogen content to over 0.005% in aluminium-killed open-hearth steel by the addition of nitrogen to the steel.  The nitrogen may be added in the ladle or mould by the addition of a manganese-nitrogen alloy containing 95% Mn.  The steel may contain 0.35% max C: 1.2% max Mn: up to 0.35% Si: up to 0.05% each of S and P: the balance being iron and an active nitrogen content of more than 0.005%.  It is stated that the steel has an impact transition temperature below 0 DEG  C. and a high resistance to creep.
Patent GB-1348563-A (GB)
Title: Lockers boxes or the like
IPC: E05B47/06
Filed: 1971-08-25
Abstract: 1348563 Locks R ALKAN & CIE 25 Aug 1971 [10 Sept 1970 10 Feb 1971 (2)] 39871/71 Headings E2A and E2B A locker, box or the like comprises a door fastening device operable automatically and manually, the device consisting of a guide sleeve 9 secured to an inner wall of the locker, box or the like and a plunger 10 slidably mounted in the sleeve under the control of a solenoid or a fluid under pressure, the plunger being operable through contact of its lateral surface with at least one fastening member movable laterally in the locker, box or the like and engageable in a recess in a retaining member rigid with the door for fastening or releasing the door according to whether the plunger is in a projected or retracted position respectively, the door having an opening 21 for the passage of a rod manually operable to engage the free end of the plunger and move it to its retracted position ensuring the release of the door if manual actuation is required in case of an emergency. The solenoid is mounted in a support 3 secured to the locker 1. The plunger 10 is urged downwardly by a spring 11 so that a ring 15 surrounding a reduced portion of the plunger urges a ring of balls 16 outwardly of holes 17 in the sleeve into engagement with the inner wall of a keeper 18 on the door to fasten the door. The door is released by operating the solenoid to withdraw the plunger so that a reduced portion 14 thereof aligns with the balls to allow their inward movement into the holes 17 thus disengaging the keeper. Manual release of the door may be effected by a bent rod 26 Fig. 4 (not shown)- inserted between the free edge of the door and the locker and passing through an opening in the edge of the door and in the side of the keeper into engagement with the free end of the plunger to withdraw it. Instead of balls the fastening members may comprise lugs- Fig. 2 (not shown) secured by spring blades to the sleeve and movable in apertures in the sleeve to release the door. Fig. 5 shows a pivoted pawl 118 engaging a stud and retained by a plunger 115. The stud may be released manually by inserting the rod through an opening 108 in the door, through a resilient washer 106 and through an axial passage 107 in the stud into contact with the free end of the plunger. The passage 107 may be closed by a shutter 123 pivoting on the door and projecting beyond it for manual operation to bring an aperture therein in line with the opening 108. A plurality of the pawls may engage the stud. The bent rod may withdraw the plunger indirectly through a rod with oppositely offset end portions. The circuit for the solenoid may be closed automatically dependent on a reduction of pressure in an aircraft to which the locker is fitted.
Patent GB-1298471-A (GB)
Title: Multiplex switching systems
IPC: H04L25/48
Filed: 1968-08-21
Abstract: 1298471 Multiplex pulse signalling INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP 21 Aug 1968 [15 Sept 1967] 39907/68 Headings H4L H4P and H4R A multiplex switching system having a high degree of information security comprises a number of input lines 35, 45, 55, 65 receiving messages M1, M2, M3, M4 in either digital or sampled analogue form. Combining means 37, 47, 57, 67, which may be either multipliers or modulo-two adders, each has as an input one of the messages M1 . . . M4 together with a further input on a line 33, 43, 53 or 63 receiving a signal from a pseudo-noise generator PNG1, PNG2, PNG3 or PNG4. The pseudo-noise generators PNG1 ... PNG4 are driven synchronously by a clock CL and each is initialized to a given state over a code select line to generate an orthogonal pseudo-noise sequence. The outputs on lines 39, 49, 59, 69 are fed to a linear multiplexer 68, e.g. a Kirchoff adder, the multiplexer output on line 70 being fed to combiners 77, 87, 97, 107 of the receiver. These combiners, which may be multipliers or modulo-two adders, have further inputs on lines 75, 85, 95, 105 from pseudonoise generators PNGl<SP>1</SP> ... PNG4<SP>1</SP>. The generators PNG1<SP>1</SP> ... PNG4<SP>1</SP> are driven by the clock CL synchronously with the generators PNG1 ... PNG4 and each is initialized over a code select line to generate an orthogonal pseudo-noise sequence corresponding with the desired generator PNG1, PNG2, PNG3 or PNG4. Thus, as shown, it is desired to receive message M1 on line 81 and PNG2<SP>1</SP> is made to correspond with PNG1. Similarly, message M4 is received on line 91 and PNG3<SP>1</SP> corresponds with PNG4. The combiner outputs on lines 76, 86, 96, 106 are supplied to integrators 79, 89, 99, 109 driven by the clock CL to generate the messages M1 ... M4. In another embodiment (Fig. 5, not shown) the linear multiplexor 68 is replaced by a non-linear multiplexer, viz., a majority logic combiner, and the integrators 79 ... 109 are replaced by up/down counters. In a further embodiment (Fig. 6A, not shown) the individual messages M1 ... M4 are replaced by groups of messages.
Patent GB-1336423-A (GB)
Title: Support structure for a machine tool and method of making the same
IPC: B23Q1/00
Filed: 1972-08-31
Abstract: 1336423 Machine tool beds; boring machines SAN ROCCO SpA 31 Aug 1972 [7 Sept 1971] 40404/72 Headings B3B and B3C A support structure for a machine tool comprises a base or bed including a row of large diameter pipes attached together. Pipes 17, 18, 19 consist of outet and inner pipes 23, 24, with the cavity therebetween filled with an expanded or foam type cement mix 27 comprising one or more aggregates, a binder and water. The aggregates are selected from expanded clay, sand and vermiculite. Vertical column 22 is similarly constructed. The pipes are joined together and seat on flanges 20. Saddle 12 mounts a transverse slide 13 which carries a rotatable table 14. A movable rest 15 carries a tailstock.
Patent GB-885524-A (GB)
Title: Cyclopentadiene derivatives
Inventor: LEIGH THOMAS
Filed: 1958-12-17
Abstract: The invention comprises cyclopentadiene derivatives of the formula <FORM:0885524/IV (b)/1> wherein R stands for an alkyl radical, preferably methyl, ethyl or n-butyl.  The novel compounds may be prepared by reaction below 20 DEG C. of a cyclopentadiene Group I or Group II metal derivative and an ether of the formula X.CH2.OR wherein X stands for a halogen atom.  Suitable cyclopentadiene metal derivatives are those of sodium or lithium, di-cyclopentadienyl calcium and cyclopentadienyl metal halides such as cyclopentadienyl zinc chloride and cyclopentadienyl magnesium bromide.  The process may be effected in an inert non-hydroxylic organic solvent or diluent, e.g. diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran, at temperatures, for example, between about -20 DEG C. and 10 DEG C.  The products are intermediates in the manufacture of ferrocene derivatives, for example, 1,1-dineopentyl ferrocene.
Patent GB-1400205-A (GB)
Title: Board game and apparatus for playing the same
IPC: A63F3/00
Filed: 1972-09-02
Abstract: 1400205 Board games TINTAGEL HOUSE (SHEFFIELD) LTD 2 Sept 1972 40787/72 Heading A6H Apparatus for playing a board game, comprising a board marked with a plurality of distinctively designated territorial areas, a plurality of target locations, a plurality of intersecting paths divided into sections and interconnecting each of said areas and locations, and instruction and informative matter at various positions on said paths areas and locations; counters (five for each player) respectively representing [participants in the game and intended for movement along said paths, random number selection means (a die) for governing the extent of movement of said counters along said paths, means (five "prince" cards) whereby each participant is identified (initially secretly) with a character, means for disting- uishing (initially secretly) one of the participants from the others (four blank cards and a "Black Magician" card, a plurality of outwardly similar tokens or cards for placement one at each target location for acquisition or display singly by participants upon arrival at a respective target location (eight cards representing 6 magic devices and two places and four "Nature Ring" cards); and a further plurality of outwardly similar articles, tokens or cards for placement in a common storage area for acquisition singly or in multiples by participants arriving at specified positions on said paths (six "ring" cards of the princes and magician and 18 cards to overcome hazards, including a 7-league boots card, six horse cards, eight weapon cards, five henchman cards bearing "points" values, and three disaster cards). Other cards may be used for "Black Magician's Familiars". The board may consist of 4 sections taped together.
Patent GB-1017329-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to a burner
IPC: F23D14/12
Filed: 1964-10-06
Abstract: 1,017,329. Burners. SELAS CORPORATION OF AMERICA. Oct. 6, 1964 [Nov. 18, 1963], No. 40796/64. Heading F4T. An oil burner comprises a pressure-type atomizer 22 located inside a Venturi-shape distributer 4 supplied with air by a straight pipe or an elbow 11 and having a closed end projecting into a cup-shaped depression 3 in a ceramic block 2 inside a furnace, the mixture of oil and air being discharged through angular passages 9 in the end of the distributer along the surface of the cup. Gas may be supplied through an opening 32 in the elbow. The air supply is controlled by a damper 23.