Patent GB-1058792-A (GB)
Title: Servo autodistributor for trailer vehicles equipped with a pneumatic brake system
IPC: B60T15/60
Filed: 1963-11-11
Abstract: 1,058,792. Fluid-pressure brakes. FABBRICA ITALIANA MAGNETI MARELLI S.p.A. Nov. 11, 1963 [Nov. 17, 1962; May 7, 1963], No. 44355/63. Heading F2F. A distributer valve assembly for the trailer vehicle of a tractor-trailer comprises three valves, viz. a first valve operated by means responsive to pressure in the service line, fed by a compressed air system on the tractor via the driver's valve, and operable to connect the trailer brakes to an auxiliary reservoir on the trailer or to atmosphere, a second valve responsive to loss of pressure in the emergency supply line from the tractor on the occurrence of breakaway of the trailer to connect the auxiliary reservoir to the pressure responsive means of the first valve to cause the brakes to be applied, the pressure responsive means of the second valve including a part adapted to throttle the flow of air from the auxiliary reservoir in this event so that braking is gradual, and a third manually operated valve for effecting subsequent release of the brakes by shutting off the flow of air from the auxiliary reservoir and venting the pressure responsive means of the first valve. In one embodiment, shown diagrammatically in Fig. 1 (Figs. 2-4, not shown, illustrate a practical construction), the first valve is operated by a diaphragm 14 responsive to the difference between the pressure in a chamber A, which is connected via normally open valve element 86 of the manually operable third valve, chamber H, and a restricted passage in a piston member 42 to service line connector G, and a chamber B which is connected via outlet B1 to the trailer brake actuators. The first valve comprises a hollow plunger 20 slidable within a casing 22, sealed by seal 36, an extension 18 of the plunger being positioned to be contacted by the diaphragm on downward movement when pressure in chamber A exceeds that in chamber B whereby the diaphragm seals against the edge of a cup' 12 to isolate chamber B from chamber A and subsequently seals the exhaust passage through plunger 20 to exhaust 26. It then depresses plunger 20 against pressure of a spring 34 to open communication, by cracking valve element 32, between chamber B and a chamber C which is connected via a chamber E to auxiliary reservoir connection Cl, causing the brakes to be applied to an extent determined by the pressure in chamber A which is connected to the service line, balanced by the pressure built up in chamber B. Reduction of pressure in the service line exhausts the brakes in the usual way via chamber B and exhaust 26. The second valve comprises a valve element 62 normally held on its seat to close communication between chamber E and chamber H by a spring K. It is operable by the piston 42 when pressure in a chamber D, connected by passage 50 to emergency line connection F, falls owing to trailer break-away. When this happens, reservoir pressure acting in chamber E moves piston 42 to the left whereby an extension 44 in hamber H lifts valve element 62 so that air flows from chamber E via passage 66 to chamber H and thence to chamber A to activate the diaphragm 14 to apply the brakes. Application is made gradual by the provision on piston 22 of flange 46 which moves into chamber E to restrict the space 48 and throttle the flow of air from the reservoir to chamber A. The third valve comprises normally open valve element 86 which is movable by spring 88 on operation of a handle P which is lockable by rotation in a position wherein a hollow rod 82 is withdrawn, allowing closure of the valve and providing an exhaust passage to exhaust chamber A to release the brake after an emergency application. The locking means comprises a pin 102 engageable with groove 104 or 105. The assembly also includes a supply valve for replenishing the auxiliary reservoir, comprising non-return valve element 70 allowing air to flow from emergency line connection F to chamber C. In a second embodiment, Fig. 6, the diaphragm is replaced by a hollow piston 124 which responds to the difference between the pressures in chambers A and B to operate an inlet/exhaust valve formed by hollow stem 130 of the piston and valve disc 132 to connect the brake actuator connection B 1  to reservoir conneetion C 1 , to apply the brakes, or to exhaust 28, to release the brakes. Apart from the different arrangement of the remaining parts (Figs. 7-9, not shown, illustrate a practical arrangement) this embodiment functions exactly as the first embodiment. The embodiment of Fig. 5 (not shown) is that of Fig. 1 but with the first and second valves duplicated to feed two independent trailer brake systems, the chamber (A) being disposed between the diaphragms (14), (15) of the two first valves to operate both simultaneously, the second valves operating independently to operate the brakes of the two systems on break-away of the trailer, and the manually operated valve being operable to release the brakes of both systems by virtue of chamber (A) being common to the two diaphragms. Fig. 10, not shown, is a corresponding embodiment using pistons as in Fig. 6. In the modification of Fig. 11 (not shown), an additional piston (150) is provided on the extension (44) of the piston (42) in the chamber (H) which is formed within a cylinder (152), so that in addition to the second valve being operable to apply the brakes on break-away of the trailer, it may be used to apply the brakes to a controlled degree by use of an additional valve operated by the driver and controlling the pressure in the emergency line, whereby a given reduction in pressure in chamber (D) applies the brakes to an extent limited by rising pressure in chamber (H) balancing the force urging piston (42) to the left.