baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-489302-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to processes and apparatus for the extraction of cellulosic fibres from vegetable material
IPC: D21C3/18
Filed: 1937-01-23
Abstract: <PICT:0489302/IV/1> Semi-pulp suitable for paper-making and cardboard is prepared from fibrous vegetable matter such as straw of wheat, barley, rice, rye and other cereals, stalks of flax, cotton or hemp, canes such as sugar cane, Danube cane, or bamboo, grasses such as esparto, sisal, tambuski, tatching, or elephant grass, wood, bagasse or tow by treating it with alkali, e.g. NaOH of 1 per cent or less, at a temperature between 75 and 100 DEG  C. and then with chlorine without application of heat and if desired with cooling, the quantities of reagents employed being not more than sufficient to remove a part only of the non-cellulosic constituents.  The chlorine reaction is preferably followed with another treatment with very dilute alkali solution, e.g. caustic soda of ,2 per cent or less. The reagents may be prepared by the electrolysis of common salt solution.  The chlorine is preferably moist and diluted with air. Straw or stalks cut to a few inches are loaded into hoppers 10 which deliver it to an apparatus 11 comprising screw conveyers working in a V-shaped chamber 14 to feed the straw mixed therein with the desired quantity of alkali to two towers 12.  An adjustable deflector controls the amount of material fed to each tower.  3 Parts of 1 per cent caustic soda solution are used for 1 part of straw.  The temperature in the tower is 75-100 DEG  C. maintained by steam fed in by pipes 24.  The material descends by gravity becoming compacted to form a seal as it descends.  The interlaced fibres are removed from the bottom by an extractor 27 the speed of which is adjustable to control the reaction time which may be 1-4 hours. The extractor comprises oppositely rotating parallel shafts fitted with interweaving projecting star-shaped members.  Fibres and spent liquor are separated by screens 31 and screw conveyers 32, the fibres being washed in the second part of the screening device.  The fibres are then flocculated in an opener 43 having spiked rollers, and raised by air blowers 44 to chamber 46 where a plate 48 deflects it into chlorinating tower 47.  Moist chlorine mixed with the desired quantity of air is introduced one third of the way down this tower by pipes 49, the descending material acting as a seal to prevent chlorine leakage.  About 4-5 parts by weight of chlorine are used to 100 parts of straw.  The chlorine-air mixture passes at 1/10 -\ba1/5 lb. per hour per pound of fibrous material.  Chlorination takes 1/2 -3 hours, and is immediately followed by immersion in water in tank 60 with stirrers 61 to minimize the effect of the hydrochloric acid formed on the fibres.  Thereupon the material is treated in the cold with 5-20 parts by weight of dilute alkali to 1 part of fibrous material washed and sorted to remove knots.  Thermometers and inspection windows are provided in the towers.  U.S.A. Specification 1,932,904 is referred to.  Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to British Specification 415,224, [Group VIII].
Patent GB-1254891-A (GB)
Title: Control method and apparatus for a particle analyzer
Inventor: HOGG WALTER ROBERT
IPC: G01N33/49
Filed: 1969-01-14
Abstract: 1,254,891. Counting particles. COULTER ELECTRONICS Ltd. 14 Jan., 1969 [15 Jan. 1968], No. 2078/69. Heading G4D. [Also in Division G1N] Analysis of particle.bearing liquid, e.g. by Coulter apparatus, is improved by passing the liquid through parallel channels A, B, C and accumulating pulse counts separately, comparing the counts. so as to discard any count which differs markedly from the others, and averaging the counts which are not discarded. Pulse count accumulators 24, 26, 28 apply potentials increasing with count to comparator amplifiers 80, 90, 100 where each channel is compared with another to give a differential output to threshold devices 84, 94, 104. At the same time the outputs of each pair are added and computed to an allowable standard deviation in parabolic networks 124, 136, 148 which control the threshold devices. Assuming a trouble-free operation the line 64, Fig. 2, shows how voltage increases with time between allowable voltages 208, 210. If, however, one channel is blocked so that its voltage follows the line 66 then the average count voltage follows the line 214. When this voltage crosses the lower limit line 210 then the related threshold device operates. A voting logic network 88 comprises three AND gates, one of which then opens to open the switch 42, 44 or 46 corresponding to the blocked channel so that the averaging network 54 discards the unwanted count. In a modification (Fig. 6, not shown) the allowable deviation is computed from all the channels the counts in which are compared individually with the accumulated average. The threshold devices are therefore individual to the channels. A matrix (231) permits one defective channel to be discarded but if a second channel becomes defective the test is voided.
Patent GB-1293774-A (GB)
Title: Purification of carboxylic acids
IPC: C07C51/487
Filed: 1971-04-19
Abstract: 1293774 Carboxylic acid purification MONSANTO CO 19 April 1971 [2 Feb 1970] 20708/71 Heading C2C In the purification of a carboxylic acid containing a halide impurity, the acid is contacted with an inorganic oxidizing agent, and distilled to obtain the purified acid as the overhead product. Acids with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, e.g. acetic, and in particular those prepared by the reaction of carbon monoxide with an alcohol or olefine, are treated and oxidizing compounds are potassium permanganate and dichromate, sodium dichromate, chromium potassium oxalate, potassium chlorochromate, potassium chlorate and chromate and chromium trioxide. The treatment may be by mixing in one or two stages.
Patent GB-1032853-A (GB)
Title: Cholane derivative
IPC: C07J9/00
Filed: 1963-01-17
Abstract: The invention comprises a process for preparing 24,24 - diphenyl - 3a ,6a  - dihydroxy - 24-methoxy-cholane by treating a solution of 24,24 - diphenyl - 3a ,6a ,24 - trihydroxycholane with methanol at temperatures up to the boiling point of methanol and in the presence of an acid catalyst.  The solution of starting material may be that obtained by reaction of hyodesoxycholic acid with a phenyl magnesium halide.
Patent GB-1139885-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to thermodynamic reciprocating machines
IPC: F02G1/053
Filed: 1966-01-17
Abstract: 1,139,885. Hot gas engines. PHILIPS' GLOEILAMPENFABRIEKEN N. V. Jan. 17, 1966 [Jan.20, 1965], No.2101/66. Heading F1S. [Also in Division F4] In a hot gas reciprocating machine the piston or piston like member 73, 74 which varies the volume of the expansion space 75, 76 and/or the cylinder wall co-operating therewith is provided with two seals separated by a space 89, 90 which has communication with a space in which a pressure variation occurs such that at any instant the pressure differential with respect to the pressure prevailing in the space on one side of the piston or piston like member is smaller than the pressure differential with respect to the pressure in the space on the other side of the piston or piston like member, the arrangement being such that the medium between the two seals has a temperature which is substantially equal to the temperature in that space in which pressure prevails which at any instant has the greater difference with respect to the pressure in the space between the seals. The invention is described as applied to cold gas refrigerators. The construction shown in the Fig. can also be readily applied to hot gas engines. The application to a V-cylinder and a multi-stage cold gas refrigerator is described. In one embodiment the space between the seals communicates with the expansion space through ducts in the displacer and through a regenerator mounted in or on the displacer and having a low resistance to flow. In another embodiment the displacer consists of two parts of different diameters and the refrigerator has two expansion spaces.
Patent GB-848188-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in self-regulating piston pumps and in particular fuel injection pumps
IPC: F02M59/00
Filed: 1959-01-20
Abstract: 848,188. Fuel injection pumps. BESSIERE, P. E. Jan. 20, 1959 [Jan. 28, 1958], No. 2133/59. Class 102(1). A fuel injection pump comprises a piston 1, Fig. 1, which divides a cylinder 2 into a pumping chamber 2a and a regulation chamber 2b interconnected by a conduit 14. The piston is mechanically actuated on the pump delivery stroke by any suitable means such as a cam 7 and is acted upon by resilient means such as a spring 6. In operation on the delivery stroke of the piston fuel is delivered from the pumping chamber 2a past non-return valve 5 and fuel flows from the supply past valve 16 to chamber 2b, a non-return valve 23 prevents back flow from the chamber 2b and the delivery is ended by the opening of by-pass conduit 22 by groove 20. On the return stroke fuel is transferred from chamber 2b to 2a through conduit 14 provided with a throttle 3, adjustable by hand or automatically, which brakes the flow of fuel. When the speed of the engine increases above a predetermined value the cam moves a slider 11 to commence the delivery stroke before the piston 1 reaches its lowermost position thus reducing the effective delivery stroke of the piston. Fig. 3 shows an alternative control in which the throttle is replaced by a slide valve 25 actuated mechanically to close the conduit 14 during the delivery stroke of the pump. The valve is urged into an open position by a spring 26 and is attached to a piston member 32 which opens a conduit 31 when the valve is closed and allows liquid to flow into the cylinder 30. During the return stroke of the slider 11 the liquid in cylinder 30 escapes past a throttle valve 27 which delays the opening of the conduit 14 by the valve 25 and thus delays the transfer of fuel from chamber 2b to chamber 2a, thus above a predetermined engine speed the effective stroke of the piston 1 is reduced as above. An extension 17 may be fitted to the upper side of the piston of the same diameter as the slider 9 thus equalising the volume change in the chambers 2a, 2b.
Patent GB-628145-A (GB)
Title: Improved method of and apparatus for the continuous production of a strip or web of glass fibres
IPC: C07D295/15
Filed: 1947-01-23
Abstract: 628,145. Glass fibres. VERREET, J. Jan. 23, 1947, No. 2167. Convention date, Jan. 30, 1946. [Class 56] In the continuous production of a strip or web of fibres from threads of glass or other similar thermoplastic material wound on a drawing drum 15, the threads are removed by mechanical means, preferably a knife edge 5 forming an acute angle with the tangent at the point of contact, before they have once completely encompassed the drum, and the wind produced by the rapid rotation of the drum conveys the fibres to a collecting point at which the strip or web is formed. In the form shown in Fig. 1 the fibres are carried by the wind into a substantially semi-circular channel 6 formed by a guide plate 7 and an endless conveyer 12. In the form shown in Fig. 5 the collecting receptacle comprises a conical casing 18, the wind escaping at the larger open end and the tubular web of fibres being drawn off by traction through the smaller open end.
Patent GB-539419-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electron discharge devices
IPC: H01J31/40
Filed: 1940-02-05
Abstract: 539,419. Cathode-ray tubes. BROWN, W. S. Feb. 5, 1940, No. 2184. [Class 39 (i)] In a television device comprising a perforated screen on which a charge image corresponding to an optical image is formed, and which is scanned by a cathode ray which is modulated by the charge image, the ray is caused to impinge on the screen in a direction parallel to its'original direction by a magnetic field, in the manner described, for example, in Specifications 530,409 and 542,219, Fig. 1 shows an arrangement with a photo-electric or photo-voltaic screen 6, such as that described in Specification 510,696, which receives an optical image from a projection device 7 and is scanned by a ray from a cathode 2 so deflected by plates 9 and a coil 8 as always to strike the screen 6 perpendicularly. The signal may be transmitted by electrons passing through the screen and collected by an electrode 10, or by electrons repelled and collected by an anode 5, or the electrodes 5, 10 may be connected in push-pull. The screen 6 may also be made of photo-conductive material on a foundation which is biased slightly above cathode potential. In a modification an electron image formed by projecting an optical image is focused on to the screen 6. In this case the arrangement may be such that the necessary potential distribution on the screen 6 is produced by the emission of secondary electrons, either greater or less in number than the primary electrons. In the la.tter case the screen is of semi-conducting material on a conductive base kept at a slightly higher potential then the cathode. In a further modification the screen 6 is scanned by a second cathode-ray modulated in accordance with an optical image to be received and the first cathode-ray, modulated by the screen 6, falls on a fluorescent screen.
Patent GB-1180831-A (GB)
Title: Measuring System and Method.
Inventor: SUTTERFIELD GERALD T
IPC: B29C48/92
Filed: 1967-01-16
Abstract: 1,180,831. Measuring and recording. INDUSTRIAL NUCLEONICS CORP. Jan.16, 1967. No. 2242/67. Heading G1A. In a method of presenting information from two gauges which scan separate adjacent sections of a product and respond to a property thereof, the gauge outputs are sequentially transmitted to a device to present a continuous visual indication of the property profile across the product. In a blown film extruder in which a bubble is flattened by a pinch roller and split along the folds the resulting running sheets are measured as regards thickness by passing between two radiation sources and detectors which are inter-connected and scan the respective widths. The outputs are sequentially applied to a recorder which may be continuously running, and provide an operator with information for the adjustment of bubble thickness to produce a uniform profile in each sheet section, or may be applied as desired to a circular recorder to reproduce the thickness variations round the bubble, separate circular plots being made one within the other. In a further recording arrangement a strip chart is intermittently fed and the two half scans are recorded in line across it. The different types of gauges may be used in any combination. The gauge outputs may be used for retroactive control of the extruder pump or rollers to achieve a desired thickness and the system may include an adder whereby the two signals are combined. The average is determined by integrator over a predetermined period which may be the scanning time and in such a system the control signal is fed to the controller when the heads dwell momentarily at the edge. The gauges need not be inter-conntected and may scan sequentially.
Patent GB-662057-A (GB)
Title: Acoustic matching system
Inventor: GIBSON BRENDAN
IPC: G10K11/175
Filed: 1949-01-27
Abstract: 662,057. Acoustic impedances. BRITISH THOMSON - HOUSTON CO., Ltd., and BAKER, B. S. Jan. 19, 1950 [Jan. 27, 1949], No. 2295/49. Class 40 (viii). A matching system for an acoustic generator or detector coupled into a medium, comprises a reflector or reflectors immersed in the medium for obtaining a reflected wave of equal magnitude and opposite phase to that produced by reflection at the interface between the generator or detector and the medium. The result is to substantially neutralize reflected waves. As shown, a quartz crystal A supplies wave energy to water in space F. A reflector glass plate G with surfaces parallel to those of the crystal is mounted in a tube H adjustably mounted in the channel of the wave energy. Further telescopically arranged tubes may be provided bearing further reflectors.
Patent GB-1011107-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the reproduction of images
IPC: G03B27/30
Filed: 1963-01-18
Abstract: 1, 011, 107. Thermal development apparatus. KOPIA KABUSHIKI KAISHA. Jan. 18, 1963 [Feb. 24, 1962], No. 2339/63. Heading G2A. An apparatus for thermal development of exposed diazotype materials comprises a cylinder of a glass which is transparent to infra-red rays but opaque to light rays of activic wavelength, means for holding and guiding the material over the outer surface of the glass cylinder and a source of infra red radiation inside the cylinder. As shown, the exposed diazotype sheet 3 is guided round a rotatable cylinder 1 containing an infrared lamp 2 rotatable with the cylinder by a heatresistant cover sheet 4 which is suspended on a rod 6 and anchored by rod 5. The cylinder 1 is rotated by driving rollers 11 and 12 and supported by idler rollers 13 and 14. The surface temperature of the cylinder 1 is kept constant by having thermostat 8 connected to the infra-red lamp 2. This apparatus may be combined with a contact printing apparatus comprising a glass cylinder 22 with a mercury vapour tube 23 and reflector 24 arranged within. The diazotype material 3 and the original 26 are guided by plate 25 on to the cylinder which is rotated by belt 27 and supported by idler rollers 28, 29, and 30. Guide plate 31 and suction tube 32 separate the original and exposed material, the latter being carried to the developing apparatus.
Patent GB-881708-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to an optical accessory device for photogrammetric plotting instruments
IPC: G01C11/00
Filed: 1959-01-22
Abstract: 881,708. Photogrammetric plotting instruments. WILD HEERBRUGG Ltd. Jan. 22, 1959 [Jan. 22, 1958], No. 2395/59. Class 97(1). An auxiliary device for photogrammetric plotting instruments has a projection system connected with the pencil holder which projects a magnified image of the horizontal drawing surface on to a vertical ground glass plate. The transparent plate a resting on the drawing table has marked on its underside the graduated plan line b of the profile to be measured. The pencil c is carried in a holder (not shown), and passes through a hole in a mirror d. Light reflected from the drawing surface is reflected by mirror d, through an objective e and a pentagonal prism f, again reflected by a further mirror g through a field lens h to form on the ground glass surface i a magnified image of the drawing surface a.
Patent GB-1396620-A (GB)
IPC: E06B5/12
Filed: 1973-01-17
Abstract: 1396620 Glass/metals seals VERELEC SARL 17 Jan 1973 [19 Jan 1972] 2515/73 Heading C1M A window comprises a metal part 5 located within the thickness of a metal frame 1 and having inwardly and outwardly directed collars 7, 9 respectively lying in opposite side planes of the frame 1 and respectively welded to the glass pane and the frame, the part 5 having a coefficient of expansion substantially the same as the pane. The part 5 has a cylindrical portion 6. The frame 1 is of steel and the part 5 of an alloy of Ni, Co and Fe, and the pane 4 of borosilicate glass which will withstand 400‹ C. during creation of a vacuum on one side of the window.
Patent GB-121399-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the Cooling of Alternating Current Motors.
Inventor: HIGGS WALTER FRANK
IPC: H02K9/06
Filed: 1918-02-13
Abstract: 121,399. Higgs, W. F. Feb. 13, 1918. Motors, cooling.-The casings of alternating-current motors are provided at one or both ends with a chamber b, and in one chamber is arranged a centrifugal fan c of such a size that the discharge edges of its blades rotate in a circle of larger diameter than the stator of the motor a, all the air drawn into the fan being caused to pass first through and between the stator and the rotor windings and the rotor core, and the air being discharged from the fan chamber through openings b<2> therein or through tangential discharge pipes.
Patent GB-602225-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to furnaces
IPC: C03B5/03
Filed: 1946-01-25
Abstract: 602,225. Furnaces. SOC. ANON. DES MANUFACTURES DES GLACES ET PRODUITS CHIMIQUES DE ST.-GOBAIN, CHAUNY & CIREY. Jan. 25, 1946, No. 2588. Convention date, May 22, 1944. [Class 51(ii)] Glass, melted by heating gases, e.g. from an oil burner 3, is subjected to further localized electrical heating, the electricity being generated by means deriving heat from the waste gases from the first melting. In Fig. 1, the combustion products leave the melting compartment 1a through the flue 5 in which the boiler 6a is situated. The steam-electric generating apparatus 6b, 6c is connected to horizontal electrodes 8 in the fining compartment 1b. The invention may be applied to the intermittent process described in Specification 589,117, the electrical energy for the firing stage being obtained from the heat of waste gases from the melting stage. Preferably a number of furnaces, e.g. two, for intermittent operation work in alternation, i.e., melting in one simultaneously with fining in another and vice versa. Each furnace may have its own steam-electric generator, or one generator may be served by all the waste gas flues. In a modification, a melting compartment is fired reversibly from the ends, the waste gases passing through one regenerator or the other according to the direction of flow, before passing to the steam-electric generator. The electrodes are immersed in the glass in the melting compartment. Specifications 589,117, 597,678, 597,838, 597,841, 597,842, 597,843, 597,844 and 600,958 also are referred to.
Patent GB-1180523-A (GB)
Title: Process for Labelling Hollow Objects
IPC: B65C3/26
Filed: 1968-01-17
Abstract: 1,180,523. Sheet forming. E.R.C.A. S.A. 17 Jan., 1968 [18 Jan., 1967], No. 2596/68. Heading B5A. [Also in Division B8] At least one part of the edge of a label 6 is thermostuck at 3 to one face of a thermoplastic band 1 prior to plunger assist vacuum moulding the band at 10 into a hollow object 7 so that the label 6 appears on the outside of the hollow object 7 once formed. Preferably the label edge is fixed perpendicular to the direction of band molecular flow and at the end of the band where the flow of material is at a minimum. In an alternative embodiment the label is fixed to the preheated band by placing the labelling machine 3 intermediate between the heating station 9 and the moulding station 10.
Patent GB-1490571-A (GB)
Title: Electric sockets
IPC: H01R13/453
Filed: 1975-01-14
Abstract: 1490571 Two-part coupling J A CRABTREE & CO Ltd 14 Jan 1975 [19 Jan 1974] 02606/74 Heading H2E A shutter 24 for the live and neutral terminals of a socket comprises two resiliently deformable end pieces 26, 36 preferably of a thermoplastics material. The shutter is urged by spring 50 to a closed position where shoulders 34, 44 engage with the housing to prevent opening. Two pins of a plug inserted into apertures 18, 20 bend sections 30, 40 out of engagement with the housing and forces produced on cams 32, 42 open the shutter. In a second embodiment (Fig. 6) the base 66 of the shutter is curved and insertion of pins into apertures 18b, 20b flattens the base to bring shoulders 58, 64 out of engagement with the housing. In the second embodiment the shoulders may be of metal and the base of thermoplastics, and in the first the shoulders may be faced with metal or a hard-wearing thermoplastics.
Patent GB-620871-A (GB)
Title: Rotary pumps, motors or meters
IPC: G01F3/20
Filed: 1947-01-28
Abstract: 620,871. Rotary pumps, motors, and meters. BOGOSLOWSKY, B. Jan. 28. 1947, No. 2645. Convention date, Aug. 8. 1945. [Class 110(ii)] The flexible working chamber 16 is formed preferably of rubber or polyvinyl alcohol of elliptical section, with beads 17, 17<1> secured to inner and outer support members. The latter are made up of pieces 20, 21, 22 or 24, 25, 26 with helical ends, preferably grooved, which grip the beads, and are held in position by screwed rings 27, 28. The inner support is gyrated by bearings 9 on a crank-shaft 7. To prevent relative rotation of the inner and outer support members, a floating member 11 has arms 12, 12', 13, 13<1> which slide in guide brackets 14. 15, mounted on the stationary and movable support members, respectively.