baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent NZ-716268-A (NZ)
Title: Manufacturing method for artificially grafted plants and artificially grafted plants
Inventor: JIANG PEILIN
IPC: A01G23/00
Filed: 2013-11-22
Abstract: Disclosed is a manufacturing method for artificial plants, comprising: making a three-dimensional fixed frame, and pre-embedding a part of the three-dimensional fixed frame underground; setting several temporary annular growing zones from the bottom to the top on the peripheral surface of the three-dimensional fixed frame which is above the ground; grafting saplings into predetermined shapes to make them into grafted saplings; planting several of the grafted saplings in each temporary annular growing zone, and fixing the grafted saplings onto the three-dimensional fixed frame; grafting the grafted saplings in adjacent temporary annular growing zones to make them into re-grafted saplings; after a predetermined time, making them into artificial plants after the re-grafted saplings have matured.
Patent NZ-719418-A (NZ)
Title: High protein, fruit flavoured beverage; high protein, fruit and vegetable preparation; and related methods and food products
Inventor: TINGLEFF MORTEN
IPC: A23L2/68
Filed: 2014-10-23
Abstract: The present invention pertains to a new type of high protein, fruit flavoured beverage comprising fruit flavouring agents and high protein denatured whey protein compositions, and to a method of producing the beverage. The invention particularly pertains to fruit flavoured beverages having a protein content of at least 4% (w/w). The invention furthermore relates to high protein fruit and/or vegetable preparations which e.g. are advantageous for the production of high protein, fruit and/or vegetable-flavoured yoghurt. The invention also relates to food products containing the high protein fruit and/or vegetable preparations and to method for producing these.
Patent NZ-723317-A (NZ)
Title: Freight restraint
Inventor: Daniel Mcnaulty
IPC: B62D33/02
Filed: 2016-08-16
Abstract: A restraint gate for an open sided vehicle or container having a roof and a floor, the gate including a rigid frame supported by a post; the post having an upper end adapted to be hung from the roof at an open side of the vehicle or container; a lower end of the gate adapted to engage the floor or a coaming associated with the floor to locate the gate in position between the roof and the floor or coaming so that the gate acts as a restraint against lateral displacement of a load on the vehicle or container; and a biasing means connected between the post and the frame, the biasing means adapted to bias the frame in a upwardly direction relative to the post to facilitate disengagement of the lower end of the gate from the floor or coaming.
Patent NZ-723836-A (NZ)
Title: Teat cup liner
Inventor: HAPPEL WERNER
IPC: A01J5/08
Filed: 2015-02-10
Abstract: The invention relates to a teat cup liner to provide a gentle milking process. The teat cup liner comprises a teat cup liner head and a tube part delimiting an interior space into which a vacuum connection adapted to be closed against the vacuum opens, wherein the tube part includes a tube part rear wall extending approximately from the teat cup liner head into the area of the vacuum connection over more than 30% of the peripheral area of the tube part. The wall thickness of the tube part rear wall is definitely larger than the wall thickness of a massage wall. Said wall together with the rear wall form the tube part in a teat-receiving area. The massage wall includes at least two stabilizing strips, wherein the rear wall extends on the side of the teat cup liner head approximately along half of the periphery of the tube part and on the side of the vacuum connection along a smaller peripheral portion.
Patent NZ-727820-A (NZ)
Title: Wire heated tube with temperature control system for humidifier for respiratory apparatus
Inventor: HUBY RONALD JAMES
IPC: H05B3/40
Filed: 2014-01-30
Abstract: Disclosed is a control system for a heated conduit for use in a respiratory apparatus. The control system comprises a power supply (440) to provide power to the heated conduit, a heating control circuit, and a sensing circuit (428) includes a sensing resistor (426). The heating control circuit is configured to control heating of the heated conduit to obtain a predetermined temperature. The sensing resistor (426) is configured to provide an output to indicate the temperature of a sensor positioned in the heated conduit. A direction of the voltage drop across the sensing resistor (426) changes when the heating is on compared to when the heating is off.
Patent NZ-735127-A (NZ)
Title: Rebaudioside-d containing sweetener compositions
Inventor: PANARISI JOSEPH
IPC: A23L27/20
Filed: 2016-03-03
Abstract: A rebaudioside D containing sweetening composition exhibiting taste like sugar erythritol, sugar, rebaudioside A, and rebaudioside D is disclosed. A method of making the rebaudioside D containing sweetening composition; and a method of using the rebaudioside D containing sweetening composition are also disclosed.
Patent NZ-739181-A (NZ)
Title: Anti-pyroglutamated amyloid beta humanized antibodies
Inventor: SCHILLING STEPHAN
IPC: C07K16/18
Filed: 2016-07-15
Abstract: The invention relates to humanized antibodies that bind to an epitope at the N-terminus of pyroglutamated amyloid beta (Αβ N3pE) peptide and to preventive and therapeutic treatment of diseases and conditions that are related to accumulation and deposition of amyloid peptides, such as amyloidosis, a group of disorders and abnormalities associated with pyroglutamated amyloid peptide, like Alzheimer’s disease, Down’s syndrome, cerebral amyloid angiopathy and other related aspects. More specifically, it pertains to the use of humanized monoclonal antibodies to bind pyroglutamated amyloid beta peptide in plasma, brain, and cerebrospinal fluid to prevent accumulation or to reverse deposition of Αβ N3pE within the brain and in various tissues in the periphery, and to alleviate amyloidosis. The present invention further pertains to diagnostic assays for the diagnosis of amyloidosis using the humanized antibodies of the invention.
Patent NZ-764183-A (NZ)
Title: Cable securing device
Inventor: CROMPTON DAVID B
IPC: B66F3/00
Filed: 2018-10-01
Abstract: A cable securing device facilitates secure connection to a cabling end, and employs a retaining cap, a compression member, a barrel with a tapered interior wall and a fastening device. The retaining cap is secured to the barrel and includes a body segment extending into the interior cavity of the barrel, the body segment having a radially extending edge. The compression member has first and second ends, and is maintained within the barrel interior cavity between an expanded position and a compressed position. The fastening device is axially movable within the barrel interior cavity. The fastening device includes a leading edge at a first axial end, a trailing edge at a second axial end and a radially interior surface including a gripping segment. A retaining ring is slidingly engaged with the barrel interior surface between the compression member and the fastening device. The compression member is compressible into the compressed position by the radially extending edge of the retaining cap body segment at the compression member first end and by the trailing edge of the fastening device at the compression member second end. The fastening device comprises a radially outer surface. The radially outer surface at the first axial end of the fastening device is not engaged with the barrel interior surface when the compression member is in the compressed position. The cable securing device facilitates the secure connection of cabling ends for pulling the cabling through a conduit without damage to the cabling while minimising risk of detachment during the pulling process.
Patent PT-103522-A (PT)
Title: Método para a preparação de novos complexos de níquel (ii) e imidoilamidinas assimétricas com o grupo isoindolinona, e seu uso como materiais corantes
Inventor: KIRILLOV ALEXANDER M
IPC: C09B57/04
Filed: 2006-09-06
Abstract: A INVENÇÃO REFERE-SE A UM MÉTODO SIMPLES E CONVENIENTE PARA A PREPARAÇÃO DE NOVOS COMPLEXOS DE NÍQUEL(II) E IMIDOILAMIDINAS ASSIMÉTRICAS, DE FÓRMULAS I-V, CARACTERIZADO PELA CONVERSÃO, NUM SÓ PASSO E MEDIADA POR UMA OXIMA, DE UMA MISTURA DE FTALONITRILO E UM ALQUILNITRILO NA PRESENÇA DE UM SAL DE NÍQUEL, E AO USO DOS COMPOSTOS I-V COMO MATERIAIS CORANTES RELACIONADOS COM PIGMENTOS DE ISOINDOLINONA E CORANTES DE FTALOCIANINAS.
Patent PT-103817-A (PT)
Title: Diferencial electrónico.
Inventor: ARAUJO RUI MANUEL ESTEVES
IPC: B60L15/20
Filed: 2007-09-03
Abstract: A presente invenção é aplicada na indústria automóvel e consiste num diferencial electrónico (3) para o controlo multi-motor e controlo de tracção diferencial. A invenção é usada em veículos eléctricos os quais podem ser ou não autónomos. No presente pedido é apresentado um novo sistema de controlo inteiramente integrado num "System-on-Chip" (15), adequado para implementar o controlador (4,5) para um veículo eléctrico baseado na tecnologia FPGA ("Field Programmable Gate Array"). O controlador (4,5) usa técnicas de controlo por orientação de campo com identificação de parâmetros dos motores (2) para melhorar o seu desempenho e incorpora um método de optimização energética.
Patent PT-104182-A (PT)
Title: Uso de resíduos vinícolas como fonte de carbono e de energia para bactérias sulfato-redutoras
Inventor: BARROS RAUL JOSE JORGE DE
IPC: C02F3/34
Filed: 2008-09-24
Abstract: A PRESENTE INVENÇÃO DESCREVE A APLICAÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS VINÍCOLAS COMO FONTE DE CARBONO E ENERGIA PARA BACTÉRIAS SULFATO REDUTORAS, PODENDO PORTANTO SER USADOS EM PROCESSOS QUE REQUEIRAM UMA FONTE DE CARBONO E DE ENERGIA PARA AQUELAS BACTÉRIAS, COMO POR EXEMPLO OS PROCESSOS DE BIORREMEDIAÇÃO PARA TRATAMENTO DE ÁGUAS OU EFLUENTES CONTENDO SULFATOS E METAIS. A UTILIZAÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS VINÍCOLAS ASSEGURA O FORNECIMENTO DE UMA FONTE DE CARBONO ATRAVÉS DO ETANOL NELES CONTIDO. A ADIÇÃO CONJUNTA DE UMA SUBSTÂNCIA (EX. CALCITE, LAMA DE MÁRMORE, ETC) CAPAZ DE ASSEGURAR E MANTER CONDIÇÕES DE PH DO MEIO ADEQUADAS À ACTIVIDADE BACTERIANA PODE SER NECESSÁRIA. A PRESENTE INVENÇÃO DEMONSTRA QUE O USO DE RESÍDUOS VINÍCOLAS COMO FONTE DE CARBONO PERMITE ASSEGURAR O CRESCIMENTO E ACTIVIDADE DAS BSR, O QUE SE TRADUZ POR UMA REDUÇÃO EFICIENTE DE SULFATOS (OU DE OUTRO ACEITADOR DE ELECTRÕES QUE AS BACTÉRIAS USEM EM ALTERNATIVA) E PELA PRECIPITAÇÃO DE SULFURETOS METÁLICOS. O BAIXO CUSTO DOS RESÍDUOS VINÍCOLAS E A AMPLA DISSEMINAÇÃO GEOGRÁFICA DAS INDÚSTRIAS QUE GERAM ESTE TIPO DE DESPERDÍCIOS FACILITAM A SUA OBTENÇÃO E CONTRIBUEM PARA BAIXAR OS CUSTOS DE PROCESSOS BASEADOS NO USO DE BSR, COMO POR EXEMPLO OS UTILIZADOS PARA A DESCONTAMINAÇÃO DE ÁGUAS OU EFLUENTES CONTENDO SULFATOS E METAIS.
Patent PT-107149-A (PT)
Title: Tampa aspersora para temperos liquidos
Inventor: GONÇALVES CARLOS ALBERTO SILVÉRIO MENDES
IPC: B65D47/08
Filed: 2013-09-03
Abstract: A PRESENTE INVENÇÃO DESTINA-SE A UMA TAMPA ASPERSORA DE TEMPEROS LÍQUIDOS, APROPRIADA PARA GARRAFAS, COMPOSTA PELO CORPO PRINCIPAL EM FORMA CILÍNDRICA E POR UMA TAMPA ACOPLADA ATRAVÉS DE UMA DOBRADIÇA FLEXÍVEL, COM DOZE ORIFÍCIOS (1) DISTANCIADOS IGUALMENTE DO EIXO CENTRAL. A FUNÇÃO PRINCIPAL DA TAMPA APRESENTADA É A DE ASPERGIR DE UMA FORMA AMPLA E HOMOGÉNEA OS TEMPEROS LÍQUIDOS. NA POSIÇÃO VERTICAL, COM A TAMPA VIRADA PARA BAIXO, O PRODUTO FICA ESTANQUE NA EMBALAGEM POIS É CRIADO VÁCUO NO INTERIOR DO MESMO SEMPRE QUE É UTILIZADO, IMPEDINDO ASSIM QUE O REFERIDO PRODUTO SAIA, MANTENDO A TAMPA LIMPA E PERMITINDO TAMBÉM UMA MAIOR POTENCIALIZAÇÃO DOS AROMAS DO PRODUTO BEM COMO UMA MAIOR POUPANÇA, DO PRODUTO, POR PARTE DOS CONSUMIDORES.
Patent PT-107920-A (PT)
Title: Carrinho monobloco e sua utilização
Inventor: ANTÓNIO SOARES RIBEIRO
IPC: A61G7/015
Filed: 2014-09-25
Abstract: O PRESENTE PEDIDO DIZ RESPEITO A UM CARRINHO MONOBLOCO E SUA UTILIZAÇÃO. A PRINCIPAL VANTAGEM DESTE CARRINHO MONOBLOCO É O FACTO DE ESTAR EQUIPADO COM UM SISTEMA DE QUATRO RODAS GIRATÓRIAS, PERMITINDO O SEU BLOQUEIO OU DESBLOQUEIO ATRAVÉS DO ACIONAMENTO DE MANETES DE COMANDO. NUMA FORMA DE REALIZAÇÃO, O CARRINHO PODE SER UMA MACA FIXA REPARTIDA EM QUATRO PARTES, SENDO O SEU ACCIONAMENTO MANUAL OU ELÉTRICO. DO PONTO DE VISTA PRÁTICO, O CARRINHO AGORA DIVULGADO PODE SER UTILIZADO NO TRANSPORTE DE PESSOAS COM DIFICULDADES DE LOCOMOÇÃO E CONDIÇÕES DE PÓS-OPERATÓRIO.
Patent PT-108751-A (PT)
Title: Dispositivo de rectificação/melhoramento de rolhas de cortiça.
Inventor: HUGO GUIMARÃES
IPC: B27K7/00
Filed: 2015-08-04
Abstract: O PRESENTE INVENTO DIZ RESPEITO A UM DISPOSITIVO DE RECTIFICAÇÃO/MELHORAMENTO DE ROLHAS DE CORTIÇA, QUE COMPREENDE PELO MENOS TRÊS MEIOS ROTATIVOS DE FORMATO CILÍNDRICO (5), APTOS A RECEBER UMA ROLHA DE CORTIÇA QUE ENTRA NUM MOVIMENTO DE ROTAÇÃO COM E LIGEIRA PRESSÃO, ROLHA ESSA QUE É INSERIDA ATRAVÉS DE UM DISPOSITIVO TUBULAR DE INSERÇÃO (1)AUXILIADA POR DOIS PNEUMÁTICOS (2 E 3). O DISPOSITIVO COMPREENDE AINDA DOIS ORIFÍCIOS, UM DE ENTRADA (4) E UM DE SAÍDA (S), DOIS MOTORES ELÉTRICOS/REDUTORES (6 E 8), UM SEM-FIM (9), UMA CORRENTE (7) E UMA TANQUE (10) QUE CONTÉM UMA SUBSTÂNCIA, CONSTITUÍDA POR UM AGLUTINANTE COM UM TEOR DE SÓLIDOS SITUADO ENTRE OS 50 E 100% E PÓ DE CORTIÇA.
Patent RO-84277-A (RO)
Inventor: RAMBE THOMAS
IPC: C07D237/22
Filed: 1981-12-21
Abstract: Basically-substituted pyridazines of the formula:    <IMAGE>  (I) wherein R1, R2 and R3, independently of one another, denote hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, nitro, trifluoromethyl, alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, phenyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkoxy, alkoxy-alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, cycloalkoxy, phenalkoxy, alkanoyl, alkanoylamino and -NH-CO-R9, R9 representing morpholino, piperidino or 1-pyrrolididinyl, or an optionally substituted ureido radical, R4 denotes hydrogen or lower alkyl and W denotes hydrogen, chlorine or bromine; and the acid-addition salts thereof are useful alone or in pharmaceutical preparations for treating cardiac complaints, circulatory complaints and high blood pressure. Several methods for preparing the basically-substituted pyridazines are also provided.
Patent RU-94007465-A (RU)
Inventor: MELIKOV EH N
IPC: B44B3/02
Filed: 1994-03-01
Abstract: FIELD: wood-working industry, medical engineering. SUBSTANCE: method includes heating of wood, its disposition among members of power action and realization of power action with simultaneous displacement at angle of 90 towards member drawing together. Device realizing this method contains charging sector, section of wood heating and mechanism for power action having at least two synchronized between themselves systems of flexible endless driving organs with punches attached to one system and with dies to the other one. The systems are disposed at angle to each other. The device is used for ornamental wood-processing, for application of relief volume patterns to wood surface. The innovation is used for producing semifinished and finished products in furniture and medical industries as well as in building during finishing of walls, windows, cornices, doors and during shaping of different interiors. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency.
Patent RU-94014460-A (RU)
Inventor: STAVROVSKIJ V V
IPC: E02B7/20
Filed: 1994-04-14
Abstract: FIELD: hydraulic engineering. SUBSTANCE: assembly floor where new leaves are manufactured is organized on the bank at any point of particular water system (reservoir) near servicing region of floating crane; leaf is assembled on assembly floor in vertically mounted jig. Leaf ready for assembly is mounted by means of floating crane into tipper mounted on barge, then it is transferred by tipper to horizontal position with guide support on other barge positioned in parallel to first barge. Barges joined by leaf mounted on them make up stiff floating assembly transported by water to lick where leaf is set vertically by means of tipper and mounted by means of the latter directly from barge. EFFECT: reduced labour consumption and scope of operations within lock chamber when replacing large gates by using floating crane at any clearance gage of headrace canal. 8 dwg
Patent RU-94025152-A (RU)
Inventor: BELJAEV V S
IPC: A61F9/007
Filed: 1994-07-04
Abstract: FIELD: medicine; ophthalmology, medical equipment. SUBSTANCE: device has a handle and an operating part. The operating part is an incomplete ring 6-8 mm in diameter. The external part of the ring is thinner than its internal part. The free end of the ring is wider, and it is provided with a thread-fixing device. The device is intended for surgical correction of acute myopia and myopic astigmatism. EFFECT: convenience in operation; enhanced operating capability.
Patent RU-94039285-A (RU)
Inventor: PARK TAE DZHOO
IPC: C02F3/02
Filed: 1994-10-28
Abstract: FIELD: methods and devices for sewage water treatment with use of biological fixed film system. SUBSTANCE: method for treatment of sewage waters includes stages of introduction of sewage waters into biological reactor with fixed film (medium) open from atop and having conical bottom; spraying of introduced sewage water from the reactor lower part upward by means of diffuser installed under the means with medium in the reactor lower part for contacting of sewage with microorganisms in reactor; unloading of biologically treated water through outlet located in the reactor upper part; removal of sediments from the reactor bottom through valve located on the reactor bottom; separation of excessive mass of microorganisms from the medium by spraying of compressed water or by supply of air upward through spraying nozzles located below the films in the reactor lower part; processing of sediments removed from the reactor of definite stage, in reactor of anaerobic digestion of sediments. The device for embodiment of the offered method consists of (a) many reactors having inlets and outlets located in the upper part of reactor and pipe for discharge of sediments on the reactor bottom. Reactors are open from atop and having conical bottom and arranged so that liquid moves from the upper part of one reactor to the upper part of the next reactor; (b) many means installed vertically in reactor and arranged parallel with media containing microorganisms; (c) partitions for direction of introduced sewage water to reactor bottom and formation of passage for supplied water together with reactor wall; (d) diffuser for spraying upward of sewage water located under the medium; (e) spraying nozzles for spraying of compressed water or supply of air upward for separation of excessive microorganisms from the medium; (f) reactor for anaerobic digestion of sediments where sediment discharged through pipe subjected to processing located beyond the reactor. EFFECT: higher efficiency of sewage waters containing high concentration of organic matter and heavy metals.
Patent RU-95101860-A (RU)
Inventor: RENATO PALUDETTO
IPC: C07C43/04
Filed: 1995-02-10
Abstract: FIELD: petrochemical processes. SUBSTANCE: method includes introducing stream of C-hydrocarbons into etherification unit, recycling residual stream into the same unit after possible separation of 1-bytene, transforming remaining butenes into isobutylene in isomerization section, and separating hydrocarbons in vapor phase with aid of molecular sieves. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of process.
Patent RU-95105310-A (RU)
Inventor: SAMOTSVETOV A R
IPC: C08F36/06
Filed: 1995-04-07
Abstract: FIELD: production of polymers. SUBSTANCE: method is carried out at 35-90 C in solution of toluene being transfer agent. The process takes place in uninterrupted regime in the presence of modified organolithium initiator. Rate of supplying monomer is 70-80 moles per 1 mol of said initiator. Mentioned above organolithium compounds are modified by sodium or potassium alcoholate of bis-propylene glycol glycerine ether or tris-propylene glycol glycerine ether or sodium or potassium alcoholates of ethylene diamine-N,N, N′,N′-tetra(hydroxymethyl ethylene) or their mixture with substituted phenolates of potassium or of sodium. Molar ratio of alkali metal or its sum of said modifying agent to said organolithium initiator is 0.05-1.5:1. Molar ratio of potassium and sodium in mixture of alcoholates is 1:1-3. EFFECT: decreases expense of organolithium initiator.
Patent RU-95110126-A (RU)
Inventor: KOMAROV I A
IPC: A61B17/00
Filed: 1995-06-14
Abstract: FIELD: medicine, surgery. SUBSTANCE: during conducting combined phlebectomy varicose vein lumen is obturated to necessary length with a fragment of previously removed part of great subcutaneous vein. EFFECT: lower traumaticity and risk of local postoperative complications, improved functional and cosmetic results.
Patent RU-95118949-A (RU)
IPC: H05B7/14
Filed: 1995-11-16
Abstract: FIELD: electrothermy; assembly and repair of electrodes for electric melting furnace. SUBSTANCE: method for assembling electrode of sections by using fitting involves coating fitting surfaces to be joined and fitting seals with phenolformaldehyde base adhesive with metal powder filler, and remaining surface, with silicone base adhesive with metal filler followed by heat treatment by local heating of electrode external surface on either side of joint of sections on length equal to fitting embedding depth; treatment is carried out at a rate of 80-100 deg/h to temperature (169+0.28d)-300 C, where d is electrode diameter, mm. EFFECT: facilitated procedure.
Patent TW-200303691-A (TW)
Title: Cognition models for wireless communication systems and method and apparatus for optimal utilization of a radio channel based on cognition model data
Inventor: CHITRAPU PRABHAKAR R
IPC: H04B17/40
Filed: 2002-11-29
Abstract: Classes of cognition models which may include: 1) Radio Environment models, 2) Mobility models and 3) Application/User Context models are utilized in a wireless communications network. Radio Environment models represent the physical aspects of the radio environment, such as shadowing losses, multi-path propagation, interference and noise levels, etc. Mobility models represent users motion, in terms of geo-coordinates and/or logical identifiers, such as street names etc. as well as speed of user terminal etc. The context model represents the present state and dynamics of each of these application processes within itself and between multiple application processes. These data are employed to optimize network performance.
Patent TW-200409743-A (TW)
Title: Process for preparing succinonitrile and use of succinonitrile
Inventor: OEVERING HENK
IPC: C07C255/04
Filed: 2002-12-05
Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing succinonitrile by contacting acrylonitrile (ACN) with hydrocyanic acid (HCN) in a reactor in the presence of a tertiary amine. The invention also relates to the use of succinonitrile prepared according to the process of the invention, for preparing diaminobutane. Succinonitrile is prepared by contacting ACN with HCN in the presence of a tertiary amine and a compound chosen from the group consisting of water, aliphatic alcohols, aromatic alcohols, carboxylic acids and mixtures thereof.
Patent TW-200305184-A (TW)
Title: Electrode assembly for processing a semiconductor substrate and processing apparatus having the same
Inventor: KO HO
IPC: H01J37/32
Filed: 2002-12-09
Abstract: An electrode assembly connected to a radio frequency electrical power source transforms process gas into plasma for processing a semiconductor substrate. The electrode assembly includes a first and a second electrode made of aluminum (A1), and a third electrode made of silicon (Si). A plurality of first bolts connect the first electrode to the second electrode, and a plurality of second bolts connect the second electrode with the third electrode. The bolts are either made of or coated with a metal having an electric conductivity that is no less than that of the aluminum (A1). Furthermore, a conductive film and/or adhesive is interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The conductive film includes metal having an electric conductivity more than the aluminum (A1). The conductive film and the bolts reduce the electrical resistance throughout the assembly, and the adhesive fills minute apertures in the surfaces of the electrodes. Accordingly, are discharges are prevented from occurring within the electrode assembly.