Patent GB-537891-A (GB)
Title: Method and machine for finishing gears and the like by shaving
IPC: B23F19/06
Filed: 1940-04-05
Abstract: 537,891. Finishing toothed gears. FELLOWS GEAR SHAPER CO. April 5, 1940, No. 6200. Convention date, April 8, 1939. [Class 83 (iii)] Milling-cutters.-In a method of and apparatus for finishing toothed gears a shaving cutter having a series of cutting edges of gear form conjugate to the gear to be produced and spaced apart in tandem in the axial direction, is arranged on an axis parallel to the work axis, the gear and blank being rotated together in pressure mesh while the tool is relatively reciprocated rapidly in the axial direction. The work gear G, Fig. 5, is mounted between centres 1, 2 on a table 5. The conjugate tool T is rotated and drives the work gear and is also reciprocated axially and fed transversely to depth. The tool and its operating mechanism are carried on a transverse depth feed slide 7 and carries a longitudinally-movable tool slide 8 fitted with a tool holder 12 having a housing portion 17 in which the tool spindle 13 is mounted. A motor 18 on the slide 7 is connected by belt gearing 21, shaft 19, change gears 23, 24, shaft 25, gear 27, double face-gear 29, Fig. 8, and gear 30 to the tool spindle. The tool may be adjusted about the axis of the face gear to correct errors of angularity in the work gears. This adjustment which is small (about 5 degrees) and is limited by stops, is effected from a shaft 36. The tool spindle is provided with face cams 41, 42 engaged by rolls so that as the spindle rotates the tool is positively reciprocated a short distance one or more times in each revolution. The main tool reciprocation is effected from a motor 49, Fig. 3, connected by belt gearing to a shaft 54 in the feed slide. This shaft is connected by change gearing 58, pinion 61, and face gear 62 to an adjustable crank disc 64 which drives a rack bar 67 to oscillate a shaft 69 connected by rack gearing 71 to the carriage 8. The depth feed of slide 7 is derived from the shaft 50 driven by motor 49. This shaft is connected through planetary reducing gear 74 to a shaft 79 which drives the shaft 82 of the depth feed cam 83. This cam, Fig. 3, operates a lever 84 geared to a rack 90 on the feed slide. The feed slide may also be adjusted manually by a crank applied to the shaft 92. The work support comprises a centre 1 mounted in a holder 101 moved by rack and pinion mechanism 102, Fig. 5, and a centre 2 similarly actuated by mechanism 105. The head and tail stocks are adjustable on ways 110, 111 on the table. The table 5 is shiftable about a vertical pivot 117 to correct for taper or to give a crowning effect to the work gears, the axis of the pivot intersecting the line joining the tool centres. The centre of the table is recessed to accommodate work gears of large diameter. Oscillation of the table to crown the work gear is effected by a crank pin adjustable on a disc carried by a shaft 123 driven at the same speed as the shaft 63 so that the table is oscillated in time with the reciprocation of the tool. The crank pin may be removed for finishing uncrowned gears. Alternatively the table may be adjusted to a fixed angle to the tool path by means of worm gearing 131. To arrange the machine for finishing internal gears, Fig. 12, the tool holder 138 carries a shaft 140 connected by change gears 141 to the tool spindle and driven from the motor by a pulley 143. The secondary tool movement is imparted as before by face cams. The work gear G<SP>1</SP> is mounted on a fixture 144. For finishing helical gears the tool has a helical angle equal to that of the work gear. The tools may be solid or laminated and the cutting edges may be formed by grooves cut in the sides of or entirely through the teeth. In one form, Fig. 14, the tool consists of aligned discs d clamped together by bolts 146 and nuts 147. The teeth have side clearance at opposite sides, Fig. 15, so that they engage the work alternately on the edges e, e<SP>1</SP> during strokes in opposite directions. The teeth of the discs may also be provided with top rake. For helical tools the cutting edges e and e<SP>1</SP> are arranged in helical alignment. Preferably the number of teeth in the tool is prime to the number of teeth of the gears being finished.