Patent GB-1221209-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in hydraulic braking systems for vehicles
Inventor: WILSON ALEXANDER JOHN
IPC: B60T8/172
Filed: 1968-09-11
Abstract: 1,221,209. Anti-skid devices. GIRLING Ltd. 28 Aug., 1969 [11 Sept., 1968], No. 43124/68. Heading F2F. In an hydraulic braking system for a vehicle and of the kind in which a slave cylinder for applying the brakes on at least one wheel of the vehicle is supplied with fluid under pressure from a high pressure source through a control unit, the latter comprises a housing incorporating a bore 20 in which is located an axially movable piston 32 or plunger, means for moving the piston or plunger axially in the bore, a first valve 59a controlling communication between the bore and a first passage for connection to a return line to a reservoir, a second valve 61a controlling communication between the bore and a second passage for connection to the high pressure source, and an outlet connection 41 leading from the bore for connection to a slave cylinder 10 to apply the brakes on at least one wheel of the vehicle, the arrangement being such that upon operation of the means for moving the piston or plunger axially the piston or plunger is moved in the bore in one direction to close the first valve and open the second valve to permit high pressure fluid to be supplied to the outlet connection; the unit incorporates an anti-skid device responsive to the deceleration of the braked wheel and adapted to move the piston or plunger in a reverse direction to close the second valve and open the first valve when the deceleration of the braked wheel exceeds a predetermined value. As shown, the braking system comprises a master cylinder 13 for supplying pressure fluid to the unit 12 which is connected to wheel brake slave cylinders 10 and a pump 18 via a tank or reservoir, the pump being connected to the unit through an accumulator 11 divided by a floating piston 15 into compartments 16, 17 respectively containing a gas under pressure and hydraulic fluid. In the normal operation of the brakes which are connected to outlet passage 41, actuation of a pedal-operated master cylinder causes fluid under pressure to be delivered to bore section 21 and to act on piston 32 so that the assembly of the piston, piston-rod 33 and its extension 50 moves away from plug 26, whereby flange 56 moves out of engagement with the stem of spring-loaded tipping valve 59 so that the valve closes to cut off communication with the tank or reservoir; further movement of the piston causes flange 56 to engage the stem of spring- loaded tipping valve 61 to open this valve and to allow fluid under pressure from the hydraulic accumulator 11 to flow past check valve 67 and port 62, into bore 20 and via the passage 41 to the brake slave cylinders. The high pressure fluid in bore section 23 reacting on the rod 33 opposes the force applied on the piston 32 to cause the latter to force fluid back to the master cylinder via connection 43 such reverse fluid flow being resisted by a restrictor opening in a plate valve 46 and to prevent oscillation of the differential piston assembly 32, 33 occurring. The reverse flow of fluid continues until a balanced condition is reached and both valves 59, 61 are closed. When the rate of deceleration of a braked wheel or wheels sensed by an electrical pick-up device attains a predetermined valve, the output of an amplifier energizes the windings 92 of the anti-skid control device 90 of which the core 98 advances to engage the collar 55 and move the collar relative to the extension 50 towards plug 26 compressing the spring 53 whereby the flange 56 engages the stem of valve 59 which is opened to release the braking pressure by placing bore 20 in communication with the tank or reservoir. When the braking pressure is relieved, the assembly 32, 33 under the influence of the master cylinder pressure moves in a direction away from the plug 26 until the collars 51, 52 abut each other with restoration of the wheels to the normal speed of rotation thereof; the current to the windings 92 is cut off and the spring 53 moves the collars 51, 52 apart to close valve 59 and open valve 62 so that the brakes are re-applied. In the event of failure of the high pressure fluid source, the master cylinder pressure acts on conical sleeve 71 to move the sleeve downwardly from engagement with a sleeve 63, contact between a sleeve 73 and electrical brush gear controlling operation of the anti-skid device being broken to render the device inoperative; simultaneously, the master cylinder pressure is applied to the brakes through passage 82, port 62 and bore 20, and high pressure fluid from the master cylinder is prevented from returning to the accumulator 11 by check valve 67. In a modification, the anti-skid device (130), Fig. 5 (not shown), is in the form of a rotary solenoid which operates a cam (142), the latter actuating a push rod (143) that moves a spool (128) engageable with one or other of the valves 59a, 61a and the piston 32 and rod 33 are replaced by a piston (123) and a plunger (127) engaging the spool.