baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent EC-SP982649-A (EC)
Title: Proceso de desasfaltado de hidrocarburos pesados con alto contenido de asfaltenos a condiciones de bajas de presion y temperatura
Inventor: GROSSO VARGAS JORGE LUIS
IPC: C10G21/14
Filed: 1998-08-28
Abstract: Un proceso continuo, a baja presión y temperatura de una sola etapa, de alto rendimiento y de minimo mantenimiento, para desasfaltar, demetalizar y desulfurizar parcialmente mezclas de hidrocarburos asfalténicos tales como: crudos pesados asfalténicos y residuos pesados provenientes de la destilación primaria o al vacío, bien sea en un estado original o en forma de emulsiones inversas, hidrocarburo en agua, con alto contenido de asfáltenos. El proceso comprende las siguientes fases: 1.- Una etapa de descabezado donde se separan las fracciones más pesadas del hidrocarburo asfáltico de aquellas fracciones con punto de ebullición iguales o menores a las del solvente utilizado en la presente invención. 2.- Una estapa de mezclado del hidrocarburo o de su emulsión inversa (hidrocarburo en agua), con un solvente líquido o mezcla de solventes alifáticos líquidos de bajo peso molecular de cadena entre C5 y C7, utilizando mezcladores estáticos, de diseño especial, y una relación de hidrocarburo a solvente en rango de 1/3 a 1/8. 3.- Una etapa de separación de fases que emplea un sedimentador horizontal o vertical en donde se obtiene; una fase liviana rica en crudo desasfaltado (DAO) y solvente y otra fase pesada asfáltica que puede ser acuosa si la carga se ha introducido al proceso como emulsión inversa. En esta etapa se pueden utilizar acelerantes de la sedimentación tales como: carbón pulverizado o polielectrolitos. 4.- Una etapa de recuperación del solvente a partir de la fase rica en crudo desastaltado por medio de destilación, obteniendo el crudo mejorado y solvente que es retornado a la primera fase del proceso. 5.- Una etapa de separación del solvente de la fase pesada asfáltica de la cual se obtiene asfaltenos y solventes que es recirculado a la primera fase del proceso. Si la carga se ha introducido al proceso como emulsión inversa, se requiere adicionalmente de una etapa de separación del agua por deshidratación.
Patent GB-1050689-A (GB)
IPC: B23K13/02
Abstract: 1,050,689. Welding by pressure. INTERTHERM Ltd. Nov. 5, 1964 [Dec. 16, 1963], No. 49585/63. Heading B3R. In electric welding apparatus for welding the seam of a tube and the like utilizing high frequency energy supplied through a primary coil and a member including an impedance core coaxially placed in the tube, the member is provided at each opposite end with an end piece of magnetizable material and magnetic means are provided to magnetically influence the end pieces to hold the member against longitudinal movement. Strip aluminium is formed by rollers into an open seamed tube 1, Fig. 1 (not shown), the edges of which are held apart by a guide 2 after passing the final forming rollers and the tube is passed through an induction coil 4 supplied with R.F. current. Rollers 6 beyond the coil applies pressure to the heated edges which weld. The welded tube is then scarfed, possibly drawn and then cut into storage lengths. A ferrite rod core 7 contained in a P.T.F.E. tube 8 is provided to lie within the tube coaxially of the coil 4 and steel caps 10, 11 are provided at the ends of the P.T.F.E. tube, a tube 9 being provided in the upstream end of the tube 8 to provide coolant flow through the tube 8. Coolant, e.g. water soluble oil is also flowed through the tube 1 to be welded about the P.T.F.E. tube 8. A coil 12 on slides is arranged about the tube 1 adjacent the end cap 10 and a similar coil is arranged adjacent the end cap 11 and D.C. current is supplied to these coils to maintain the end caps in the desired position. A permanent magnet may replace coils 12, 13. The ferrite core may not be enclosed in a P.T.F.E. tube when it is of greater length to extend between the caps 11, 12 or of shorter length with quartz rod spacers adjacent the end caps. Ferrous tubes may be welded.
Patent GB-1051571-A (GB)
IPC: H02P25/024
Abstract: 1,051,571. Commutation arrangements for dynamo-electric machines; control of A.C. motors; inverting. F. LINGER. Feb. 17, 1964. No. 6597/64. Headings H2A, H2F and H2J. The electric motor has a distributed stator winding with equi-angularly spaced tappings which are connected through an inverter to a D.C. voltage supply where the inverter is controlled either in response to the rotor position or from an external source so that the current is supplied to different combinations of tappings in turn whereby the axis of the stator magnetic field steps round by an angle not more than half the angular spacing between adjacent tappings when the combination of tappings supplied is changed. Furthermore the speed of the motor is varied by changing the voltage of the D.C. supply. As shown, a variable ratio transformer T and rectifiers G are used to provide the D.C. supply. Additional controllable rectifiers, e.g. thyratrons, are connected as shown and are controlled for motor and generator operation by a device (not shown) which monitors the direction of current. The D.C. current is fed through inverter S, comprising a number of thyratrons, to the tappings on the motor stator winding. To ensure that the thyratrons are extinguished at the correct time circuits Z1, Z2 comprising a resonant circuit producing negative-going pulses is connected between the supply lines and the centre taps of a choke OD connected to diametral tappings on the motor stator. Commutating capacitors may be connected between the stator winding tappings. The motor may have either a polarized rotor or an asynchronous wound or short-circuited rotor and the A.C. supply can be either single or 3-phase. The stator winding is wound with two equal parallel portions so that the impedance connected to the inverter output is constant and no assymetry can arise, Fig. 5 (not shown). The polarized rotor of the machine may have in addition to the field winding a compensating winding for neutralizing armature reaction and a commutating pole winding, the latter may eliminate the need for a quenching circuit for the thyratrons. In one form of rotor construction the field winding is housed in large square slots with the bottom of the slot openings filled with the commutating pole winding, and with the compensating winding housed in the mouths of the slots around the periphery of the rotor, Fig. 6a (not shown). Alternatively the rotor may have deep slots carrying the exciting winding with the over-excited compensating winding carried in shallow slots around the rotor, Fig. 6b (not shown). Metal slot wedges may be used and combined with end-plates to provide a short-circuited damping winding.
Patent GB-1051659-A (GB)
IPC: C01F5/14
Abstract: 1,051,659. Electrodialysis. ASAHI KASEI KOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA. Nov.20, 1963 [Nov.22, 1962; March 12, 1963], No.45898/63. Heading C7B. In an electrodialysis apparatus comprising dilution and concentration chambers defined by alternating anion - and cation-selective membranes forming a horizontal stack, preferably with chamber defining separators, and with electrodes at each outer end of the stack in separate electrode chambers; supply and exhaust conduits situated at the lower and upper parts of the chambers to carry concentration and dilution solutions for passage through alternate chambers and means for supplying the electrode compartments either in series or parallel with a rinsing solution along the length of the electrodes either from an external source or from one of the exhaust conduits, preferably that for the concentration stream; at least one of the electrodes is composed of a plurality of substantially vertical conducting cords 1 having a maximum transverse dimension of 5 mms and spaced by 0À5 to 50 mms, the upper and lower parts of the cords being mechanically connected to at least one electrode plug connection as at 3. As shown the cords 1 are threaded through apertures 10 in flow alignment plates 9 attached to spacers 11 rinsing solution being fed in at 7a or 5a and removed at 7 or 5. Insoluble compounds formed at the electrodes are removed by the rinsing solution and may be recovered in external precipitation tanks. Thus Mg (OH) 2  may be recovered from the cathode rinse solution when sea water is treated and stearic acid may be recovered from the anode rinse solution when a solution of sodium stearate is treated. The electroconductive cords, which may be curved or non parallel used in the cathode may be of Cu, Al, Ti, Pb, Fe, Ni, Pt or alloys of Pb-Sb, Pb-Ag, Fe-Si, stainless steel, or Pt-plated Ti, while cords of anodically insoluble metals may be used in an anode. If desired only the electrode at which an insoluble compound is formed need be of the cord form described, the counter electrode being a plate of graphite or platinum. Reversal of applied potential and flow path of the concentration and dilution solutions may be effected at intervals for flushing the membranes and chambers.
Patent GB-1053660-A (GB)
IPC: G09F13/16
Abstract: 1,053,660. Advertising sign. DAW CORPORATION. Dec. 10, 1963 [Aug. 21, 1963], No. 48732/63. Heading G5C. An advertising legend is spelt out by sequins 23, either selectively hung on a complete panel of structure 10 of contrasting colour, or hung on strips of structure 10 (Figs. 8, 9, not shown), sequins 23 being loosely supported on tongues 13 arranged in rows and columns on a sheet 10 of aluminium alloy (Fig. 1, not shown), which can be cut along slots (31), (32). Tongues 13 are cut by roller dies in sheet 10 and may be bent outwards then, or left in the plane of the sheet and bent out when required. Each tongue comprises a cylindrical part 20 on which the sequin is hung and arms 24, 25 retaining the sequin thereon, arms 25 being bent out after placing the sequin (Figs. 4 . . . 6, not shown). Single strips may be bent round curved surfaces (Figs. 8, 9), as may a complete panel.
Patent GB-1084101-A (GB)
IPC: H01L31/12
Abstract: 1,084,101. Semi-conductor devices. MULLARD Ltd. March 13, 1964 [Dec. 21, 1962], No. 48360/62. Heading H1K. A semi-conductor device consists of a semiconductor body including a PN junction at which under suitable forward bias conditions emitted minority carriers are converted to photons with a quantum efficiency greater than 0À1, and a PN junction more than one diffusion length from it at which the photon energy is transformed into electrical energy. A typical device, Fig. 4, is made by diffusing zinc from a gaseous atmosphere containing zinc and arsenide into a monocrystalline tellurium doped N- type gallium arsenide wafer to a depth of 10 Á to provide a superficial P-type layer, etching the resulting body to the form shown and then alloying tin pellets 36, 37 to the remaining P zones and tin annulus 38 to the re-exposed N- type part of the wafer. A reflector consisting of aluminium deposited on an insulating silicon oxide layer may be provided on zone 34 to improve the efficiency of the device. In operation, which is enhanced by cooling to liquid nitrogen temperatures, photon generation occurs at zinc centres adjacent the forward biased smaller junction 32 and transformation at zinc centres in the depletion region of reversebiased junction 31. An operationally similar device is constructed by epitaxially depositing first gallium arsenide heavily doped with tellurium and then gallium arsenide lightly doped with zinc on opposed faces of a high resistivity or intrinsic gallium arsenide wafer to form a PNINP structure. In such a device the intrinsic region effectively decouples the input and output junctions. Since it is at the zinc atoms that most of the photons are generated and absorbed the zone resistivities are so related that almost all the current traversing the forward biased junction is in the form of electrons entering the zinc doped zone. A simpler device is made by merely depositing zinc doped P regions or opposed faces of an N-type wafer. Devices with several photon generation and absorption regions are also envisaged. In all cases since photons travel at the speed of light the distance between photon generation and absorption regions is not critical to the highfrequency performance. If desired material with a smaller energy gap, produced by epitaxial growth, may be used for the absorption region.
Patent GB-1084112-A (GB)
IPC: B02C19/00
Abstract: 1,084,112. Mixing appliances; grinding apparatus. SILVERSON MACHINES Ltd. March 11, 1964 [March 11, 1963], No. 9639/63. Headings B1C and B2A. Apparatus for mixing a liquid or suspension with reduction in the particle size of solid materials consists of a stator 1 comprising an annular plate 3 fixed to the bottom of a tank by means not depicted and having two depending concentric rings of teeth 4, 6, and a rotor 2 comprising a circular plate 9 having two upstanding rings of teeth 13, 14 interdigitating with the rings 4, 6; the rotor also has four blades 12 within the central opening of the stator. In operation, the blades 12 draw material into the centre of the mixing head and expel it through the rows of teeth with consequent shearing effect. The teeth may be formed by uniformly spaced slots 16 each of constant width, and the slots in the stator and rotor rings may be inclined oppositely as shown, or in the same direction. A screen 7 may be fixed to the stator. The blades 12 are inclined at 10 to a radius and the teeth may be replaced by circular apertures or meshes. The apparatus may alternatively be inserted in a conduit, and may be used in medical research for disintegrating a solid body containing material juices.
Patent GB-1143806-A (GB)
IPC: G01C13/00
Abstract: 1,143,806. Measuring liquid waves. SIR B.G. WHITE, A.H. BECKETT, W.E. GELSON and J.W.T. TAPP. July 26, 1967 [Aug.4, 1966], No.34984/66. Heading G1N . An oscillating probe is used to measuring travelling waves in a hydraulic model to reduce errors due to surface tension which are experienced with a stationary probe. A motor driven cam 12 imparts oscillations to a platinum probe wire 23 mounted on a spring- loaded rod 22, via arm 14 and tappet 20 (tappet positions 20', 20", provide for varying amplitudes of oscillation). A disc 10 driven with the cam, carries a neon tube energized through the probe/ liquid contact. The probe is first set with midtravel of its oscillation co-incident with the stationary liquid so that the neon lamp appears as a semicircular band of light. With waves present the band varies in length and may be measured against an outer scale 40. The lamp may be viewed through a variable speed strobe disc to determine the wave frequency, or the probe signal may be displayed on a cathode ray tube. Alternatively the probe frequency may be changed to produce a non-varying signal when the wave frequency will equal the probe frequency or a sub-multiple thereof.
Patent GB-1225749-A (GB)
IPC: E04B2/78
Filed: 1969-02-21
Abstract: 1,225,749. Releasable fastenings. C. HOLZAEPFEL JR. and A. HOLZAEPFEL. 21 Feb., 1969 [22 Feb., 1968], No. 9397/69. Heading E2A. A fitting for hanging a member 11 on an upright support 10 comprises an angled sheet metal part 13 having two arms 13', 13" at right angles to each other, one 13' of which is adapted to be mounted on and secured to the member 11 whereas the other arm 13" which in use projects at right angles to the member is provided with an outwardly opening slot 16 for the engagement of a pin 12 anchored to the upright support and carries a catch 18 which is pivotable over the slot and which has a recess 19 defined by two parallel arms 20; 21 which extend from a body of the catch and which are adapted to enclose between them the pin when the catch is in a fastening position and to release the pin when the catch is in a releasing position the catch being pivotable from its releasing position to its fastening position and from its fastening position to its releasing position by pressure applied to respective edges of the parallel arms on opposite sides of the recess. In the construction shown the catch is pivoted to the arm 13" by means of a rivet 17 passing through the body and the catch is located in both the fastening and releasing positions by a pair of projections 23 (not shown), and 24 pressed out of the arm 13" and engageable with an opening 22 in the arm 21 of the catch. To lock the catch in the fastening position a locking element can be inserted into a slot 26 in the arm 43"; the locking element when in position abuts against the free end of the arm 21 and thus prevents pivoting of the arm 21. The member 11 shown is a screen which it is designed to hang from the upright support which can be clamped between the ceiling and floor of a room and the arm 13' of the catch is secured to the member 11 by screws 14 and by claws 15 which engage into a groove 11' in the member 11.
Patent GB-1228905-A (GB)
IPC: C08F2/46
Filed: 1968-04-23
Abstract: 1,228,905. Cold-cathode tubes; vacuum switches. GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. 23 April, 1968, No. 19192/68. Headings H1D and H1N. Slots 11, 12 are provided in at least one of the two sets of interdigitated vane electrodes 2, 3 of the vacuum switches and triggered vacuum gap devices described in Specifications 1,162,423 and 1,163,153 to force the arc current to follow paths such that the magnetic fields generated spread the arc over the surfaces of the vanes and prevent a sufficient current concentration to cause hot spots. The slot 11 is two-thirds the axial length of a vane from the end at which the arc is initiated, and the slot 12 is two -thirds the radial width of the vane from the face edge. Alternative slot configurations are described (Figs. 5, 7, 8 and 9, not shown).
Patent GB-1231479-A (GB)
IPC: A47B88/16
Filed: 1968-11-14
Abstract: 1,231,479. Rectilinear motion bearings. F. WRIGHTON & SONS Ltd. 14 Nov., 1969 [14 Nov., 1968], No. 54128/68. Heading F2A. [Also in Division A4] A runner and slide assembly, particularly for drawers but also stated to have application in supporting horizontal panels or vehicle seats, comprises a runner 1 with an upwardly open channel 4, a slide 14 with a downwardly open channel 17 delimited by a flange 16 which bears slidably on the base of the runner channel 4, and a stop 9 extending laterally from the runner 1 to overlie the slide 14 to be engageable by an abutment 18 on the end of the slide 14, the stop 9 being adjustably mounted to vary its clearance over the upper surface of the slide 14. As shown, the slide 14 is formed integrally with the side wall 15 of a plastics drawer and the runner 1 has locating dowels 8 engaged in a cabinet wall 21 to which the runner 1 is screwed. The stop 9 comprises a cylindrical dowel portion 19 engaged in the runner 1 and an eccentric, cylindrical portion 20. The stop 9 is rotatable about the axis of the dowel portion 19 to give the desired clearance between the portion 20 and the slide 14 and then secured by a screw 22.
Patent GB-1232140-A (GB)
IPC: B24B41/00
Filed: 1969-08-29
Abstract: 1,232,140. Grinding. FRIEDRICHDECKEL PRAZISIONS MECHANIK & MASCHINENBAU. 29 Aug., 1969 [6 Sept., 1968], No. 43243/69. Heading B3D. A machine tool, e.g. a grinding machine, comprises an epicyclically rotatable tool spindle 26, driven by an air turbine 24 whose casing is mountable on the end of a shaft 18, which is free to rotate during operation of the turbine. For low tool speeds a tool spindle is attached directly to the shaft 18, which bears a rotor 20 of an electric motor 12, the motor 12 being operated while simultaneously rotating at an adjustable radius on a machine tool spindle 10. For high tool speeds, the motor 12 is deactivated to free the shaft 18, and the turbine 24 bearing the tool spindle 26 is attached.
Patent GB-1234074-A (GB)
IPC: H04B3/10
Filed: 1968-05-01
Abstract: 1,234,074. Automatic gain control. SOC. ITALIANA TELECOMUNICAZIONI SIEMENS S.p.A. 1 May, 1968 [2 May, 1967], No. 20561/68. Heading H4R. In a communication system in which a pilot signal is transmitted to control the gain of a receiver amplifier the pilot signal is transmitted at one or other of two discrete levels to convey signalling information, and the receiver, on detecting the signalling level, inserts the appropriate attenuation factor in the gain regulating [loop to maintain the system gain constant. Fig. 1 shows a system in which a speech signal from line m is fed via hybrid F 1  and band-pass filter PB 1  to a modulator M 1  for transposition to the appropriate transmission band. A pilot signal from generator G is added to the speech signal before modulation, the level being switchable between two values dependent on signalling information, e.g. calling, selection, replay, or end of conversation, to be transmitted. At the receiver the incoming signal is amplified in variable gain amplifier AR demodulated in M 2  and the pilot signal extracted and rectified by detector D. A trigger circuit T discriminates between the two signalling levels of the pilot signal to operate relay H when the higher level signal is detected and as well as feeding the appropriate information to line U 1  the gain of the amplifier, AC, in the gain regulator loop of amplifier AR, is varied to compensate for the increased pilot level. Alternatively the level of the reference voltage from generator Z may be changed by relay H to a value corresponding to the nominal high level of the pilot signal from the nominal low level. The gain of the control amplifier AC may be varied by switching in or out, by contacts of relay H, a negative feedback resistor in the emitter circuit of a transistor amplifier, Fig. 2 (not shown). Alternatively the gain may be controlled electronically by a transistor shunting part of a potential divider in the control signal path, the transistor being switched between saturation and cut-off by the control voltage variation between the two signalling levels, Fig. 3 (not shown). Similarly the level of the reference voltage may be changed by a relay contact operated by relay H, Fig. 4 (not shown), or by a transistor switched between saturation and cut-off, Fig. 5 (not shown). During periods when no speech signal is being sent signalling may be transmitted by switching between low level pilot and no pilot.
Patent GB-1238504-A (GB)
IPC: H01C17/12
Filed: 1968-07-18
Abstract: 1,238,504. Resistors. L.C.C.-C.I.C.E. COMPAGNIE EUROPEENNE DE COMPOSANTS ELECTRONIQUES. 18 July, 1968 [19 July, 1967], No. 34408/68. Heading H1S. [Also in Division C7] A method of making tantalum nitride film resistors in the shape of a predetermined pattern α including terminals # on an insulating substrate, e.g. of glass, ceramic or enamelled aluminium, comprises the following steps- (i) Depositing a layer of metal, e.g. by evaporation of copper, on the substrate; (ii) Removing the metal in the shape of the desired pattern, e.g. by using photo-resist techniques; (iii) Covering with a tantalum nitride layer, e.g. by cathodic sputtering to form a compact layer on the exposed substrate and a porous layer on the metal surface; (iv) Finally removing said metal and its porous tantalum nitride covering e.g. by etching. The substrate is made very smooth and chemically reduced or etched by acids to improve nucleation and obtain the necessary compactness of the tantalum nitride deposit on it. The metal surface is activated or oxidized to obtain the opposite effect. Between stages (iii) and (iv) gilded terminals 6 may be produced by coating with non-polymerizable varnish between the lines 5 and evaporating the solvent thus forming a plastics film having superficial cracking. A layer of gold preferably preceded by a layer of chrome or chrome alloy is deposited on the substrate, and said plastics film is removed, leaving gilded zones 6 and 7 of which 7 is removed along with the metal in stage (iv).