Patent GB-1158854-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to a Regenerable CO2 Scrubber System
IPC: B01D53/14
Filed: 1968-03-29
Abstract: 1,158,854. Separating carbon dioxide from gas mixtures. UNITED AIRCRAFT CORP. 29 March, 1968 [30 March, 1967], No. 15206/68. Heading B1L. [Also in Divisions Cl and C7] Carbon dioxide is removed from gas streams, e.g from the circulating air 12 in nuclear submarines or spacecraft, ,by absorption in alkali metal, preferably potassium, hydroxide solution in scrubber 10, the carbonate laden solution being then passed by line 42 to the anolyte compartment 30 of fuel cell 20; the carbonate ions are therein discharged at anode 22 and the carbon dioxide evolved as a result is carried away for disposal with the fuel gas stream of hydrogen passing over the anode, while the potassium ions pass to catholyte compartment 32 containing cathode. 24 over which a fuel gas stream of oxygen (as air) passes and is there converted into hydroxyl ions. The periodically or continuously reconstituted absorbent solution is then passed back to scrubber 10 by line 45 for re-use. Fuel cell 20 preferably contains a barrier 28 to separate compartments 30 and 32; such a barrier is suitably constituted by an anion permeable membrane or by a porous diaphragm such as an asbestos sheet, and if desired may be contiguous, and in contact, with the anode (see Fig. 2, not shown). Other embodiments described include a continuous regeneration system (see Fig. 3 not shown) in which the spent absorbent solution (112) is passed upward through anolyte compartment (108) where part of the evolved carbon dioxide is swept away with the hydrogen stream passing over anode (102), then through chamber (116), which is heated to above 50C and sparged with an inert gas such as nitrogen, and where the rest of the carbon dioxide is removed, before being returned downwardly through catholyte compartment (110), the reconstituted absorbent solution being obtained at the base thereof. In Fig. 4 (not shown), a series of regenerating fuel cells of diminishing size are shown operating in cascade, excessive dilution of electrolyte being thereby avoided and more economical working achieved as a result. In Fig. 5 (not shown), the fuel cell comprises horizontal electrodes. In Fig. 6 .(not shown), the cathode (194) is an amalgam electrode, and the anode (192) to which hydrogen or oxygen are alternatively supplied, is reversible. After operating as described above until evolution of carbon dioxide is completed, the polarity of the electrodes is reversed so that K+ ions are released by the emalgam electrode and the alkalinity of the electrolyte thereby increased. Two such cells in opposite modes of operation are preferably operated in series. If desired, the continuous absorption of carbon dioxide may be performed in the anolyte compartment itself; when the electrolyte of one cell is saturated, it is regenerated and the gas stream to be purified then directed to the anolyte compartment of a regenerated cell. In another continuous mode of operation, reversible electrodes are employed and the influent gas stream is switched; from compartment to compartment when the polarity is reversed. A further mode is to feed spent absorbent to the anolyte compartment at such a rate as to maintain a pH of about 9 therein, regenerated solution being continuously withdrawn from the catholyte compartment. Electrolyte depletion may be avoided by inclusion of potassium fluoride or sulphate in the absorbent solution.