Patent GB-1479319-A (GB)
Title: Process and apparatus for heating gases
IPC: C01B13/28
Filed: 1975-05-21
Abstract: 1479319 Heating gases for vapour phase oxidation LAPORTE INDUSTRIES Ltd 21 May 1975 [14 June 1974] 26413/74 Headings C1A and ClN [Also in Division H5] Apparatus for heating gas comprises a heating zone 1, a plurality of adjacent conduits 8 for supplying gas to the heating zone 1 in the form of a plurality of parallel gas streams, and upstream and downstream electrodes 16, 5 for establishing a distributed electrical discharge in the heating zone 1, the upstream electrodes 16 being positioned in respective conduits 8. and having flat trailing end faces transverse to the direction of gas flow so as to form with the conduits, "bluff body flame holders". A "bluff body" is a body having a transverse flat trailing end surface and a "bluff body flame holder" is a conduit having a bluff body so positioned therein that on ignition a combustible gas passing therethrough anchors on the flat trailing end face of the bluff body. Heated gas is exhausted through outlets 6 in downstream electrode 5. The distributed discharge is stated to comprise a plurality of substantially parallel distributed electrical discharges extending between the upstream electrodes 16 and "anchor points" formed by replaceable copper, silver or silver aluminium alloy annular spool pieces which line the sides of apertures through the copper downstream electrode 5. There may be fewer "anchor points" than parallel discharges in which case two or more discharges may terminate on an "anchor point". Each upstream electrode comprises a cylindrical tip 16 screw threaded to a metal tube 15. An open topped pipe 17 inside tube 15 supplies coolant to the anode via inlet and outlet 19, 20. Gas to be heated is introduced to the conduits 8 via three of four equispaced radial pipes 23. The fourth pipe 23 has a bursting disc which ruptures on excess pressure rises. Gas from the pipes 23 enters a chamber surrounding the anodes 15 and enters the conduits 8 via passages in annular copper inserts 24 provided in a plate 10 which supports the conduits 8. The conduits 8 and a central ignition tube 7 are enclosed in a coolant jacket 12 supplied with coolant via inlet 13 and outlet 14. The heating zone 1 is enclosed by a cylindrical gas permeable wall 2 of ceramic fibre, by a polished stainless steel heat shield 30, by an insulating layer 32 and a casing 33. Cooling gas introduced via inlet 39 passes through the heat shield 30 which is perforated and is forced through the porous wall 2. The heat insulating layer 32, casing 33 and heat shield 30 may be replaced by a mild steel casing if the cooling gas flow is sufficient to maintain the temperature of wall 2 at a suitable level. Coolant is supplied to downstream electrode 5 via inlet and outlet 26, 27. Discharge may be initiated by seeding with readily ionizable materials, e.g. caesium chloride or potassium carbonate, by use of a chemical combustion flame, by use of burning magnesium ribbons, or by intermediate electrodes. In one arrangement a gaseous fuel/oxidizing gas mixture is supplied via pipes 23 and ignited through ignition tube 7 to form a flame at the mouth of each conduit 4. A closure 37 in tube 7 is shut, a seed material in aerosol form is introduced through pipes 23 and a potential is applied across the upstream and downstream electrodes. Rectified A. C. is preferred with the current to each upstream electrode being regulated by a choke or resistor. A stable discharge in pure oxygen may be maintained providing the diameters of the conduit and the upstream electrode 15, and the distance of the electrode tip 16 from the mouth 4 of the conduit 8 meet specified requirements. Seed material and combustion flames which contaminate the oxygen are no longer required. The heated pure oxygen may be utilized in the formation of metal oxides by the oxidation of a chloride of a metal selected from titanium, iron, aluminium, silicon and zirconium in the vapour phase.