Patent GB-981524-A (GB)
Title: Antioxidant compositions
IPC: C10L1/14
Filed: 1961-04-06
Abstract: The invention comprises a composition containing (a) an antioxidant mixture of (1) an organic diallyl phosphonate, having a hydrogen atom bonded to phosphorus, in an amount from 0.005% to 1.5% and (2) 0.01 to 5% of a phenol mono-, di-, or tri-sulphide, wherein the phenol nuclei are bridged by Sx, where x is from 1 to 3, both percentages being based on the weight of the composition, and (b) an organic material subject to oxidation by air oxygen or ozone. Examples of organic materials are: diester lubricants formed by the reaction of dibasic C4 to C16 carboxylic acids with monohydric C1 to C10 alcohols; chlorinated organic compounds such as chlorodiphenyls, chloronaphthalenes and chlordiphenyl acids; phosphate esters, which are prepared by the reaction of an alcohol with phosphoric acid, and have the general formula <FORM:0981524/C2/1> wherein R, R1 and R11 are hydrogen or an organic radical provided that at least one is an organic radical, a typical example is tricresylphosphonate; Vitamins A, D, E and certain of the B class or compositions containing these vitamins; tetra alkyllead anti-knock compositions which, in addition to the lead tetra alkyls containing 4 to 12 carbon atoms may contain scavengers, dyes, phosphorus compounds and additional organometallic compounds; halogen containing compounds such as triethyl lead bromide; fats and fatty oils, including foodstuffs based thereon (see Division A2); metallic soaps (see Division C5); organic polymeric material (see Division C3); hydrocarbon waxes and fuels (see Division C5); lubricating and other industrial oils and greases based on hydrocarbons (see Division C5), polyesters (see Division C3), polyalkylene glycols (see Division C3) or silicones (see Division C3).ALSO:The invention comprises a composition containing (a) an antioxidant mixture of (1) an organic dialkyl phosphonate having a hydrogen atom bonded to phosphorus in an amount from 0.005 to 1.5% and (2) 0.01 to 5% of a phenol mono-, di-, or trisulphide, wherein the phenol nuclei are bridged by Sx, where x is from 1 to 3, both percentages being based on the weight of the composition and (b) one of the following polymeric materials: polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate and chloride, polyalkylene glycols, various epoxide resins, polyester resins and the alkyds, hydrocarbon polymers such as those derived from the polymerization of an aliphatic mono-olefin having preferably up to 5 carbon atoms to give homopolymers or copolymers, e.g. polyethylene and polypropylene, also GR-S and GR-N rubbers, natural rubber, oil-extended rubbers, sulphur vulcanized rubbers, butyl, polybutene, dimethyl butadiene and butadiene rubbers, piperylene rubbers, polyisobutylene, isobutylene-styrene copolymer and in general elastomeric hydrocarbon polymers such as unsaturated hydrocarbon polymers derived from naturally occurring sources and those synthetically prepared, "silicone" lubricants ("silicone" is defined as synthetic compound containing silicon and organic groups) including those based on polysiloxanes of the classes polyalkyl-, polyaryl-, polyalkoxy- and polyaryloxy-, silicate ester oils, e.g. tetraalkyloxy and tetraaryloxy silanes also included are halogen substituted siloxanes, e.g. chlorophenyl polysiloxanes, linear fluorochlorocarbon polymers of the unit <FORM:0981524/C3/1>ALSO:The invention comprises a composition containing (a) an antioxidant mixture of (i) 0.005-1.5% of an organic dialkyl phosphonate having a hydrogen atom bonded to phosphorus and (ii) 0.01-5% of a phenol mono-, di- or trisulphide, wherein the phenol nuclei are Sx, where x is 1-3, both percentages being based on the weight of the composition, and (b) a paraffin or microcrystalline wax, or one of the following types of fluid:-animal fats and oils, fish oils, vegetable oils, e.g. castor, soya bean, rapeseed, coconut, olive, palm, corn, sesame, peanut, babassu, citrus and cottonseed oils, fuel oils, mineral and synthetic lubricating oils and transmission fluids, and greases made from such lubricating oils.  Mineral oils include crankcase lubricating oils, transformer and turbine oils, cutting and glass annealing oils, gear oils, mineral white oil and other industrial oils de-rived from petroleum.  Synthetic lubricating oils mentioned include diesters, polysiloxanes which may be halogen substituted, silicate esters, certain organic halogen compounds (e.g. chlorodiphenyls and oxides thereof, chlorinated waxes, and fluocarbon polymers), polyalkylene glycols and organic phosphates.  Examples of all of these oils are given.  Optional additives which may be present in the lubricating compositions (which in most cases are also suitable as hydraulic fluids) include detergent additives, e.g. aluminium naphthenates, calcium phenyl stearates, calcium alkyl salicylates, alkaline earth metal petroleum sulphonates and alkyl phenol mono- and di-sulphides, overbased phenates and sulphonates, and metal salts of wax substituted phenol derivatives; antisquawk additives, e.g. sulphurized sperm oil, sulphurized lard, sulphurized vegetable oil, sulphurized glyceride or sulphurized fatty acid ester; pour-point depressants, e.g. wax substituted naphthalenes, ester of wax substituted wax phenol, polyacrylates and polymethacrylates; foam inhibitors, e.g. fatty acids, fatty acid esters, pine oil, alkyl lactates, C5- 20 ethers, 2 - (di - tert. - amylphenoxy) - ethanol, and mixtures of glycerol and sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl)-sulphosuccinate; rust preventives, e.g. alkylated succinic acids, esters and partial esters of di- and poly-carboxylic acids, including those which are hydroxysubstituted, hydroxyamines, hydroxy amidines, amine salts of partial ester of phosphorus acids, hydroxy amine salts of oxidized petroleum acids and fatty acids, C12- 20 alkyl amines, sulphonates, ketones, phosphates, and lecithin; and viscosity index improvers, e.g. a polyolefin.  Any of the lubricating oils may be thickened to greases, e.g. by lead oleate, lithium stearate, aluminium tristearate, or sodium oleate, and those greases made from polyesters may contain fat, fatty acids, glycerol, fatty alcohols, rosin or wool grease and water.  Fuels mentioned include gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene and fuel oil. In the case of gasoline lead antiknock agents and scavengers may be present, scavengers mentioned including CCL4, and chlorinated or brominated hydrocarbons and ethers, examples being given.ALSO:Fat-fortified animal feeds, fish meals used as animal feeds, peanut butter, salad dressings, margarine, vegetable oils or shortenings, peanuts and other nuts, lard butter and other animal fats and oils are stabilized against oxidation by air, oxygen and ozone by incorporating a phenol mono-, di-or tri-sulphide wherein the phenol nuclei are bridged by Sx, where x is 1 to 3 (0.01-5%) and a diallyll phosphonate having a hydrogen atom attached directly to phosphorus (0.005 to 1.5%P).