baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent FI-970104-A (FI)
Inventor: SHACKFORD LEWIS D
IPC: D21C9/10
Filed: 1997-01-10
Abstract: A method for bleaching cellulosic and lignocellulosic pulp using hydrogen peroxide as a bleaching reagent, utilizes a three stage reaction, viz. two short high temperature peroxide bleaching steps (50,160) at a pressure sufficient to suppress boiling and an interstage treatment (90) including a longer atmospheric pressure reduced temperature bleaching step. The two short peroxide bleaching stages include the steps of introducing pulp, at a consistency of 10%-18%, to a mixer (20,130) in which the pulp is heated to a temperature above 100 degree Celsius; adding sufficient sodium hydroxide (32,142) to bring the pulp to a pH of 8.5; adding sufficient hydrogen peroxide (33,143) to equal from about 0.5%-5.0%, by weight, of the pulp; passing the pulp through a pressurized reactor column (50,160) at a rate providing a reaction time in the column of less than 45 minutes, cooling the pulp and discharging the cooled pulp to a washer. It may be desirable to introduce the pulp to a mixer and add alkali to reactivate residual hydrogen peroxide by bringing the pulp to a pH of at least 9 after the first bleaching stage, deposit the pulp in a reaction tower and allowing the reaction to proceed until a substantial portion of the residual hydrogen has been consumed. <IMAGE>
Patent FI-973033-A (FI)
Inventor: MAEKIPAEAE RISTO
IPC: H04H20/00
Filed: 1997-07-17
Abstract: A method and a terminal for providing services in a telecommunication network wherein the selection data of a service is formed by using the identification and control date of the services located in the multiplexed frames used for transmitting the services. The terminal is designed to display the selection data of the service, which data is formed from the identification and control date of the multiplexed frames for transmitting the service.
Patent FR-1393113-A (FR)
IPC: H03K3/313
Filed: 1964-05-13
Granted: 1965-03-19
Abstract: 1,007,115. Frequency modulation. HONEYWELL CONTROLS Ltd. May 7, 1964 [May 17, 1963], No. 19628/63. Heading H3R. A generator circuit which supplies a train of output pulses having a frequency representative of the magnitude of an applied D.C. signal comprises a voltage controlled saw-tooth oscillator 15 to which the input signal is applied via amplifier 16, a mono-stable circuit 17 which is triggered by the oscillator output pulses after differentiation, differentiating circuits 22 which receive on lines 21 both positive and negative outputs of the mono-stable circuit and supply on lines 23 and 24 respectively, short positive going pulses spaced 4À5 m. sees. apart corresponding to the leading and trailing edges of the mono-stable circuit output pulses, a second sawtooth oscillator 26 operating at a fixed frequency which develops a short duration positive pulse train at the output of inverter 28 and a frequency difference circuit supplied with the three trains of positive pulses which provides an output pulse train at a frequency equal to the difference between the frequencies of the oscillators. The oscillator 15 comprises a transistor 4 operating in the common base mode having its base connected to a fixed potential, its emitter connected to the applied D.C. input terminal and its collector connected via a Shockley diode 5 to a - 48 V supply and via a capacitor 1 and resistor 2 to ground. Assume the Shockley diode is in its low impedance state, capacitor 1 rapidly discharges to - 48 V with consequent drop in voltage across the diode which then assumes its high impedance state. The capacitor is charged via the transistor circuit at a rate proportional to the value of the voltage applied to its emitter and when charged to a value which produces a voltage drop of 20 V across the diode, the diode switches to its low impedance state to discharge the capacitor. The process repeats at a frequency determined by the capacitor charge rate which is controlled by the D.C. voltage applied to the emitter. The difference circuit, Fig. 3 (not shown) acts to pass the positive pulse on line 24 to the output terminal except when the pulse on line 23 is preceded by a pulse from the fixed frequency oscillator 26. Specification 1,007,114 is referred to.
Patent GB-790953-A (GB)
Title: Production of tetracycline by fermentation
IPC: C12P29/00
Filed: 1956-01-11
Abstract: Tetracycline is produced by culturing a tetracycline producing strain of Actinomyces P4871 (described) in a medium containing a source of assimilable carbon, a source of assimilable nitrogen and mineral salts, the medium being dechlorinated by dialysis through a semi-permeable membrane before the essential mineral salts are added. The carbon source is preferably sucrose, glucose and dextrin but starch, galactose and other mono- and disaccharides may be used.  The nitrogen source is preferably barley, wheat and oats malt extracts, but soybean flour, corn steep liquor, yeast extract, meat extracts or casein hydrolysates may be used.  Specified inorganic salts are ammonium sulphate, calcium carbonate, sodium sulphate, magnesium sulphate, manganese sulphate and zinc sulphate.  The pH of the fermentation is 6.0 to 7.0 and the temperature is 25 DEG  to 35 DEG C.  Tetracycline is recovered from the filtered broth by extraction with butanol in the presence of sodium chloride, concentration and extraction of the butanol concentrate with acidified water at pH 2.5. Specification 773,453 is referred to.
Patent GB-959883-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to elements for constructing convertible, extensible, juxtaposable, quick-assembly and disassembly rack-type and like structures or units
Inventor: JACQUES DENNERY
IPC: A47B96/14
Filed: 1963-01-09
Abstract: 959,883. Racks. SOC. ANON. DES ETABLISSEMENTS DENNERY. Jan. 9, 1963 [July 26, 1962], No. 1006/63. Heading A4B. An upright for shelving, racks &c. has a core consisting of an I-section steel member with flanges 7 folded inwardly to form recesses 2a opening to the outside through rectilinear gaps, the assembly being effected by bolting or welding two plate elements 1, 1 symmetrically. In each recess 2a a double rack section 3a is slidably engageable and is of U-section with spaced slots 4 to receive the suspension hooks of brackets and has a central rib 6. Specification 916,961 is referred to.
Patent GB-473687-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the exhaust passages of two-stroke internal combustion engines
IPC: F02B25/00
Filed: 1936-01-11
Abstract: 473,687. Two-stroke engines. KADENACY, M., and ARMSTRONG WHITWORTH SECURITIES CO., Ltd. Jan. 11, 1936, No. 1020. [Class 7 (ii)] In an engine in which the mass exit of the burnt gases is utilized to induce a fresh charge into the cylinder, the return of the mass is prevented or reduced, by causing the whole of the mass, and the gases in front of it, to gyrate at a point, up to which the gases have unrestricted flow. This point may be the point of return of the mass, or selected so that subsequent action on the contents of the cylinder is prevented.. Specification 473,684 is referred to as setting out how this point may be determined. The gyration of the gases is produced by helical vanes 20 separating a chamber 17 receiving the gases from an annular chamber 18 into which they are discharged. Specification 448,526 also is referred to. The Provisional Specification describes a similar device with the closure plate 21 omitted. It may be placed adjacent the cylinder port. Specification 431,857 also is referred to.
Patent GB-423465-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to balls for playing games
IPC: A63B41/08
Filed: 1934-01-12
Abstract: 423,465. Balls for games. JENNINGS, H. W. K., 51, Chancery Lane, London.- (Caro et Lambet; 1, Place Passerelle, Theux, Belgium) Jan. 12, 1934, No. 1231. [Class 132 (ii)] A football bladder 2 is inserted into the cover 3 through an aperture 4 and inflated through an opening 11. A piece of flexible material 23, shaped like a doubleheaded arrow, is secured to the cover and its pointed ends are passed through holes in a flexible collar 25 attached to the bladder. The ends of the " arrows " project through the holes and the bladder is thus connected to the cover. As the bladder is inflated it depresses a flap 13, containing a mica plate 14, to close the aperture 4.
Patent GB-157334-A (GB)
Title: Means for self-balancing of centrifugal separators
IPC: B04B9/12
Filed: 1921-01-10
Abstract: 157,334. Maskin Aktiebolaget Kosmos. March 30, 1914, [Convention date]. Void [Published under Sect. 91 of the Act]. Drawings to Specification. Driving.-A self-balancing bowl for a centrifugal separator is supported on the spindle by spherical bearing surfaces. The bowl is carried directly or indirectly by a tubular piece surrounding the top of the spindle but below the centre of gravity of the bowl; this piece has a spherical bearing surface resting on a corresponding surface on a disc or ball fixed to the spindle.
Patent GB-1452227-A (GB)
Title: Production of maminobenzenesulphonic acids
IPC: C07C309/46
Filed: 1974-01-11
Abstract: 1452227 m-Amino-benzene sulphonic acids BASF AG 11 Jan 1974 [13 Jan 1973] 01353/74 Heading C2C An m-aminobenzene sulphonic acid wherein the benzene ring may be fused to a further benzene ring to form a naphthalene nucleus or may be halogen-, hydroxy-, carboxy- and/or alkyl-substituted is obtained by reduction with hydrogen of a m-nitrobenzene sulphonic acid or a water-soluble salt thereof in aqueous solution in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst and boric acid or a substance yielding boric acid. Specified hydrogenation catalysts are Raney nickel and platinized or palladized animal charcoal. Specified compounds which yield boric acid are borates. Examples are given which illustrate the process.
Patent GB-100043-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to Automatic Pianos.
Filed: 1915-01-04
Abstract: 100,043. Marks, E. C. R., (Auto Pneumatic Action Co.). Jan. 4, 1915. Player-pianos; expression-controlling; winding - mechanism. - The tracker-bar 25 of an horiontal playerpiano is carried by a frame 24 which slides in guides 26 beneath the key-bed of the instrument; the take-up roller 28 is carried by depending brackets 27 of the frame, and the music roller 31 is carried by a pair of arms 29 pivoted on the driving-shaft 148. The arms 29 are held in operative position, as shown in Fig. 6, by spring catches 33, and in retracted position, as shown in Fig. 3, by catches 34. The tempo and reversing levers are carried at the side of the frame 24 by shafts 130 with bent-over ends 76 sliding through levers 128 connected to the corresponding valves and pivoted in a fixed bracket 149. The roller 28 is driven by a pinion 153, and the roller 31 by a sprocket on the shaft 148 and a chain. Guard-plates 36, 37 are provided for the rollers.
Patent GB-537952-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to colour-forming developers and processes of colour development
IPC: G03C7/36
Filed: 1940-01-03
Abstract: 537,952. Substituted aromatic sulphonic acid chlorides and esters ; synthetic resins; cellulose derivatives. KODAK, Ltd. (Eastman Kodak Co.). Jan. 3, 1940, No. 1393/41. Divided out of 537,696. [Classes 2 (ii) and 2 (iii)] [Also in Group XX] Sulphonic esters of the formula RSO  3 R<SP>1</SP>, wherein R is an aryl group connected to the carbonyl group of a cyanacetyl group and R<SP>1</SP> is a monovalent organic radical, for example alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, aryl, or a heterocyclic ring, are prepared by condensing the corresponding sulphonyl chlorides with substances containing hydroxyl groups, such as alcohols. Hydroxyl compounds of high molecular weight such as polyhydroxystyrene, polyvinyl alcohol and cellulose and its derivatives, also may be employed. The sulphonyl chlorides may be prepared by reacting the parent cyanacetylaryl compound with chlorsulphonic acid. Thus, 2-cyanacetylcoumarone- 5-sulphonyl chloride is prepared by reacting 2-cyanacetylcoumarone and chlorsulphonic acid at a temperature below 10‹ C. 3-Cyanacetyldiphenyleneoxide-6-sulphonyl-chloride, 1- or 2-cyanacetylnaphthalenesulphonyl chloride and 4-cyanacetyldiphenyl-4<SP>1</SP>-sulphonyl chloride are prepared similarly. The sulphonyl chlorides may be condensed with alcohols in acetic acid solution containing sodium acetate. With higher water-insoluble alcohols, the condensation may be effected in the alcohol itself. The cyanacetyl derivatives may also be prepared by reacting 2-acetylnaphthalene-sulphonylchloride (from 2-acetylnaphthalene and chlorsulphonic acid) with an alcohol, brominating to give the #-bromacetyl derivative, and reacting with potassium cyanide. The sulphonic esters are useful as couplers in colour photography.
Patent GB-652638-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in self-aligning motor drives for rolls or other directly driven machine members
IPC: B21B39/00
Filed: 1948-01-16
Abstract: 652,638. Motor driving arrangements. MOSSAY, P. A. H. Jan. 16, 1948, No. 1412. [Class 35] [Also in Group XXII] A twin electric motor drive has the two electric motor units mounted on the casing of a reduction gear-box so as to be supported wholly by an extension of a shaft to be driven. A roller 3, Fig. 2, has a neck 2 projecting beyond the bearing 10 and formed with seatings 4, 5 for a sleeve 1 running in bearing 12, 13 of a two-part gear-box 11. The sleeve carries a spur or helical wheel 14 driven by pinions 15 on the armature shafts 16 of twin motors 17 bolted on on each side of the gear-box which has a torque rod 19 connected to the machine frame. An axial screw 6 engages the tapped end of the neck 2 and has a head 9 and collar 7 engaging respectively the end of the sleeve 1 and a shoulder 8, to facilitate mounting and removing the gear-box drive from the spindle end. In a modification the sleeve carries a worm-wheel, the driving-shaft is at right angles to the driven shaft, and carries a motor at each end with intermediate worm-wheel. In another form axially opposite motors carry bevel pinions, on their shafts, driving a crown-wheel on the sleeve.
Patent GB-326287-A (GB)
Title: Process for the manufacture of light-sensitive surfaces for use in colour photography
IPC: G03C1/494
Filed: 1929-01-15
Abstract: 326,287. Bialon, K. Jan. 15, 1929. Colour photography; colour-sensitive emulsions; plates, films, and papers. - A light-sensitive surface is manufactured by spreading on a support a carrier, such as gelatin, containing in solution a compound formed by the chemical combination of a dyestuff with the components of sensitive salts, a non-granular layer, transparent like coloured glass, being obtained. The sensitizers may be dyestuffs, including dyestuffs which are fast to light such as violamine acid dyestuffs, combined with silver and bromine to give compounds soluble in dilute ammonia solution and sensitive only to the region of the spectrum absorbed by the dyestuff. In the gelatin dry plate process, compounds of non- bleaching acid dyestuffs are preferably used. Series of such dyestuff compounds chosen to supplement each other and so absorb all the colours of the spectrum may be combined either as a single composite emulsion on a support such as glass or as separate superposed emulsions all on a single or each on a separate support. By way of example the combination of compounds containing the non-bleaching dyestuffs acid, green, brilliant blue, acid violet, violamine, ponceau, and azo yellow, is given. When necessary a filter is used to absorb non-visible rays. On exposure, the compounds are decomposed by the separation of silver, and the separated silver and unexposed dyestuff compound are then removed with known, preferably acid, developing media, leaving a dyestuff image complementary as to light and colour to the original. The negative may be used to produce positive prints on glass, paper, or celluloid coated with a similar sensitive layer. In an example of a method of making surfaces according to the invention, an aqueous solution of dyestuff is mixed with silver nitrate solution, and potassium bromide is added. The precipitate is washed, a little acetic acid being added, mixed with an aqueous solution of gelatin containing ammonia solution, heated from ¢ to 1 hour at a temperature of 33‹ C. and poured on glass plates. Layers sensitized for sharply-defined regions of the spectrum, such as are used in printing-plates for colour photography, may be made according to the invention.
Patent GB-1434864-A (GB)
Title: Up-and-over doors
IPC: E05D15/40
Filed: 1974-01-11
Abstract: 1434864 Up-and-over doors H HORMANN [trading as HORMANN KG] 11 Jan 1974 [12 Jan 1973] 01454/74 Heading E2M In an up-and-over door connectors 7, for suspending door mounting assemblies 5, 8 from the top region of a door frame, are substantially rigid against deformation in directions parallel to the width of the door but are flexible perpendicularly to these directions, i.e. in vertical planes. The connectors 7 comprise spring-steel strips, the upper end of each strip being rigidly secured to the door frame 2 at two spaced points (14, 15), Fig. 2 (not shown), and the lower end being turned over to form a bearing 19 for a pivot pin secured to the support arm 8. Spacers (17) are also attached to the frame at the spaced points (14, 15), these spacers being aranged to space adjacent doors and frames when stacked during storage. The connectors 7 may alternatively comprise a number of rigid metal strips (not shown), articulated together to provide the required flexibility in vertical planes.
Patent GB-1320674-A (GB)
Title: Hydraulic brake system
IPC: B60T13/18
Filed: 1971-01-12
Abstract: 1320674 Hydraulic systems; full-face or disc brakes ROBERT BOSCH GmbH 12 Jan 1971 [21 Feb 1970] 1462/71 Headings F2E and F2F A disc 4 attached to two differential pistons 5, 6 by the piston-rods thereof is movable against a braking surface 2 in a cylindrical recess 1 of a vehicle wheel 3. The pistons 5, 6 are contained in cylinders 7, 11 respectively and divide these cylinders 7, 11 into chambers 8, 9 and 12, 13 respectively and to move the pistons 5, 6 the pressures in chambers 8, 12 are reduced. The pressures in chambers 9, 13 are increased and the pistons 5, 6 are thereby moved in a brake actuating direction by virtue of the difference in pressures and also by springs 10, 14 in the chambers 9, 13 respectively. This difference in pressures is established by operation of a brake pedal 30 which acts via a linkage 29 on two adjustable pressure regulating valves 18, 25 and two variable cross-section throttles 24, 28: the valve 18 and the throttle 24 are included in a circuit comprising lines 15, 17, 19, 21 which circuit is connected to the chambers 8, 12 and the valve 25 and the throttle 28 are included in a circuit comprising lines 16, 26, 27 which circuit is connected to the two chambers 9, 13 and the pressure in these circuits are derived from a pump 23. When the pedal 30 is operated the valve 25 is loaded to a higher pressure and the flow cross-section of the throttle 28 is increased while the opposite actions occur to the valve 18 and the throttle 24 respectively; this causes a decrease in pressure in chambers 8, 12 and an increase in pressure in chambers 9, 13 and consequentially a brake application. The hydraulic system also includes a pressure accumulator 31 and a pressure regulating valve 33 which changes over when a predetermined pressure is built up in the system to return fluid unpressurized to a reservoir 20 and there are also pipes 19, 26 from the valves 18, 25 to this reservoir 20. The system further includes an arrangement whereby a locked brake may be released if the pump 23 fails: in such an event a rotary slide valve 36 is operated to connect a line 35 to the pipe-line 15 and a hand pump 40 is used to pump pressure medium through the lines 35 and 15 to the chambers 8, 12 to thereby release the brakes. The pump 40 is connected to the line 35 through a line 39 containing a non-return valve 38 and a pressure-relief valve 42 is also connected to the line 39. The brake system can also be utilized as a parking brake by lowering the pump delivery pressure through the valve 33 so reducing the pressure in the chambers 8, 12, to a level at which the disc is forced against the surface 2.
Patent GB-230420-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in optical-projection apparatus
IPC: G03B21/00
Filed: 1925-01-17
Abstract: 230,420. Gees, H. March 7, 1924, [Convention date]. Prisms and like elements, rotating; opticalprojection aparatus, applications of.-A plate b has projection screens a depending from its edges and a projector c diametrically opposite each screen, mechanism for feeding a film or slide holder being mounted on the plate. As shown, the plate b is pentagonal and a film k passes through all the projectors and over intermediate guiding rollers. The film is intermittently fed by ratchet mechanism e in each projector operated through spring-pressed rods d by a cam f driven by a motor g. The film may be replaced by a rotary ring carrying slides, only one operating means being provided. The apparatus may be enclosed in an apertured casing h having the appearance of a chandelier &c., lamps l being suspended from it.
Patent GB-1306911-A (GB)
Title: Compounds in sulphur plant effluent
IPC: C01B17/04
Filed: 1971-01-12
Abstract: 1306911 Sulphur recovery AMOCO PRODUCTION CO 12 Jan 1971 [22 May 1970] 1533/71 Heading C1A Elemental sulphur is produced from hydrogen sulphide and sulphur dioxide contained in an effluent gas stream by (1) passing the latter through a reactor 2 containing a catalyst bed 6 via lines 4 and 5 at a temperature of 250‹ to 400‹ F. whereby sulphur is deposited on the catalyst, continuing step (1) until the hydrogen sulphide and sulphur dioxide content of the effluent therefrom increases to a level indicating the deactivation of the catalyst, (2) closing lines 5 and 8 and opening lines 12 and 44 so that reactor 14 becomes the operative reactor of step (1), (3) regenerating the catalyst bed 6 of reactor 2 by vaporizing the sulphur deposit using a gas at 450‹ to 700‹ F. introduced via lines 16 and 18, (4) recovering the vaporized sulphur via lines 20 and 22 in the condenser 24 and continuing step (3) until the catalyst 6 has been reactivated, (5) separating the liquid sulphur via line 26 and removing gas from the condenser at 450‹ to 700‹ F. via line 28, blower 30, heater 34 and line 38 to form the regenerating gas of step (3) and then (6) cooling catalyst bed 6 after regeneration by passing the recycled gas of step (5) at 250‹ to 400‹ F. around heater 34 via lines 32, 36 and 38 and into hot bed 6. This cycle is repeated with each reactor in turn and while reactor 14 is being used to remove the H 2 S and SO 2  from the effluent gas stream, reactor 2 is being regenerated and cooled so as to be available for the gas removal process when 14 has been deactivated.