Patent GB-824302-A (GB)
Title: Epoxy resin compositions
IPC: C08G59/14
Filed: 1956-04-13
Abstract: Epoxy resin compositions of low viscosity which in the presence of metallic driers dry in air to give flexible coatings on paper, metals, glass fabrics, &c. and when mixed with curing agents and fillers, e.g. glass fibres, asbestos, &c. cure to hard products suitable for use as electric insulation, transformer casings, clutch facings or brake linings consist of (a) 1 part by weight of a glycidyl ether of a polyhydric compound, and (b) not more than 3 parts of a glycidyl ether of a monohydric phenol having attached to its nucleus an ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon chain of 10-28 C atoms.  Specified as (a) are products obtained by reacting epichlorhydrin with polyhydric phenols in the presence of alkali; similar products from polyhydric alcohols, e.g. glycerol and glycols; glycidyl ethers of the reaction products of saturated monhydric phenols and a phenol having an ethylenically unsaturated side chain as described in Specification 726,830, and as (b) are the glycidyl ethers of cardanol, geranyl phenol and gingkol obtained by alkaline etherification with epichlorhydrin, e.g. as described in Specification 651,334.  In Example 1 the glycidyl ether of cardanol is mixed with glycidyl polyethers of bis-phenol; cardanolhydroxy benzene; bisphenol; resorcinol or glycerine.  In Example 2, cashew nut shell liquid consisting essentially of cardol with some cardanol is directly etherified with epichlorhydrin in the presence of 50% NaOH to yield a composition already containing some glycidyl polyether.  The compositions may be cured by interaction of the components (a) and (b) in the presence of alkaline or acid catalysts, e.g. boron trifluoride or NaOH.  The rate of cure can be accelerated by addition of (1) amines, e.g. propylamine, diethylamine, methyl benzylamine, aniline, naphthylamine, dimethyl aniline, cyclohexylamine, N,N-diethylcyclohexylamine, pyridine, alkyl pyridines, quinoline, N,N-dimethyl alpha benzylamine, ethyl morpholine, phenyl morpholine, piperidine, melamine, dialkylamine, dicyandiamide, ethylene or propylene-diamine, 1,6-hexamethylene diamine, diethylentriamine, dipropylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, 3,3-diethylaminopropylamine, 4,41,411 - methylidine - tris - (N,N - dimethylaniline), 4,41 - methylene - bis - (N,N-dimethyl aniline), dimethyl aminomethyl phenol, tri - (dimethylaminomethyl) - phenol, tributylamine, N,N-dimethyl alpha benzylamine; (2) dibasic aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acid and their anhydrides including maleic anhydride adducts many of which are specified.  Combinations of amines and dicarboxylic acids may be used.  Compositions, including such curing agents are exemplified with details of the Shore hardness of compositions of a glycidol ether of cardanol (B) mixed with cardanol glycidol polyethers of (A1) bisphenol, (A2) cardanol-hydroxybenzene bisphenol, (A3) resorcinol, (A4) glycerine, and with curing agents, (C1) triethylene tetramine, (C2) hexahydrophthalic anhydride.  In Example (3) a glycidyl polyether derived from a cardanolphenol reaction product, mixed with cardanol ether and triethylene tetramine, is made into discs and cured at 120 DEG  C.  In Example (5) a glycidyl polyether of glycerol was mixed with cardanol ether and hexahydrophthalic anhydride.  Other examples are similar.