Patent GB-954447-A (GB)
Title: Emergency release system for fluid pressure brakes
IPC: B60T15/18
Filed: 1962-06-05
Abstract: 954,447. Compressed fluid braking systems. BENDIX.WESTINGHOUSE AUTOMOTIVE AIR BRAKE CO. June 5, 1962 [June 28, 1961], No. 21775/62. Heading F2F. In a fluid-pressure braking system for a vehicle there is provided a relay-emergency valve for supplying compressed fluid to a brake and comprising an inlet to which compressed fluid is fed from a local source, an outlet leading to the brake, and an emergency inlet normally connected to a main source of fluid pressure, the valve being adapted to connect the inlet to the outlet whenever the pressure at the emergency port falls below a predetermined value, and a manually operable valve means also being provided having an element movable between positions in which it respectively connects either the main source or an auxiliary source, which may or may not be the local source, to the emergency inlet. By this means, should an emergency brake application occur owing to pressure in the main source falling below the predetermined value, the driver of the vehicle is able to operate the valve means to connect the auxiliary pressure source to the emergency inlet of the relay valve so that the latter operates to release the brakes, e.g. if main pressure cannot be restored and it is desired to tow the vehicle. As shown, Fig. 1, a compressed air installation for a tractor-trailer vehicle comprises a compressor 10 supplying primary and secondary reservoirs 12, 14 and provided with an unloader 18 controlled by a governor 20. The secondary reservoir, in which pressure is maintained for a short time by non-return valve 152 should pressure in reservoir 12 fail, supplies a conventional driver's valve 34 for directly controlling the supply of air to front tractor brake chambers 36, 38 and via relay-emergency valve 41 controlling the supply of air from an auxiliary reservoir 72 to rear tractor brake chambers 42, 46, reservoir 72 being maintained charged from the primary reservoir 12 via line 122 and non-return valve 124. Valve 34 also controls the supply of air via a tractor protection valve 54 of known type to a trailer braking system, preferably one such as is shown in Fig. 3 which also incorporates a relay-emergency valve 154 through which air is supplied from an auxiliary reservoir 164 to brake chambers 170. The relay-emergency valve in each case comprises a self-lapping valve assembly 104, 108, Fig. 5, co-operating respectively with an inlet seat formed on a piston 100, normally depressed by pressure at an emergency inlet 86, and an exhaust seat formed in an aperture in control piston 110 which is subject to control pressure from the driver's valve 34 via inlet 82. Pressure in outlet 76 is therefore determined by control pressure controlling the supply fed to inlet 78 from reservoir 72 except when pressure at the emergency inlet 86 falls below a predetermined value whereupon spring 102 raises piston 100 to the position shown to effect an emergency application. Both tractor and trailer systems include valve means operable manually so that the emergency inlet of the respective relay valve can be disconnected from the main supply reservoir 12 or main supply line 158 on the trailer, respectively, and be connected instead to an auxiliary reservoir, viz. the local reservoir 72, in the case of the tractor system, and a standby reservoir 220 normally inoperative and maintained charged via non-return valve 224, in the case of the trailer system. The auxiliary source can alternatively be an external source, e.g. as shown in Fig. 3, a vehicle tyre 230. In either case a valve 92, 206, respectively, is used, the valve having a manually operable button 138, Fig. 4, attached to a stem 142 which carries a valve member 146 engageable alternatively with a seat 148 or a seat 150 so that either inlet 118 from the main supply or inlet 116 from the auxiliary source is connected to outlet 126. The valve is urged by a spring 144 to the position shown, and the diameters of the seats and stem are such that the pressure at the inlet 116 tends to assist the spring 144 so long as the valve is in the normal position, but if the main supply pressure fails and the valve is manually depressed to connect inlet 116 to outlet 126 the auxiliary source pressure will maintain valve member 146 on seat 150 so long as pressure remains in the auxiliary source, the valve being arranged to be independent of the pressure in inlet 118. The outlet 126 is connected directly to the emergency inlet of the relay valve 154, in the case of the trailer system, and either directly or via a second valve 90 in the case of the tractor system. Valve 90 is identical to valve 92 except that lower port 136 is open to atmosphere, inlet 128 being connected to outlet 126 of valve 92. The purpose of valve 90 is to ensure that an emergency brake application occurs immediately the main supply pressure drops below the predetermined value, since when pressure at the inlet 128 falls below this value the spring 144 of this valve depresses the valve stem to immediately exhaust the emergency inlet of the relay valve 41 via port 136. Conversely, when supply pressure is being established the driver must pull on the button 140 to release the brakes but the button 140 will remain out only if adequate supply pressure is available to operate the brakes normally. To ensure that sufficient pressure is available upon failure of the supply to release the brakes by depressing button 138 of valve 92 the inlet 96 is fed via a double check valve 98 from both reservoir 72 and reservoir 14. Similarly, the inlet 212 of valve 206 is fed via double check valve 216 from both reservoir 220 and the local reservoir 164 which supplies the trailer brake chambers 170, 172 via the relay valve 154. The trailer system may also include fluid-pressure released spring brake applying assemblies 178, 180 acting via lost-motion connections on the brake linkages 174, 176 and normally held released by pressure in reservoir 164. By feeding the release cylinders of the spring assemblies via double check valve 196 the spring assemblies can be released either by pressure in reservoir 164 or by pressure in reservoir 220 or pressure from the external source (vehicle tyre) 230. Specification 944,824 is referred to.