Patent GB-191508890-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Apparatus for Raising or Forcing Liquids or Elastic Fluids.
Inventor: HUMPHREY HERBERT ALFRED
Filed: 1915-06-16
Abstract: 8890. Humpbrey, H. A., and Ruadell, W. J. June 16. Actuating by gas-engines; actuating by weights; air-vessels; concussion-preventing devices; mountings; single-acting bucket pumps; diaphragm pumps; double-acting piston pumps; single-acting piston pumps; valves, arrangement of.-In an internal-combustion pump or compressor without a fly-wheel, one or more separate cushions are provided to absorb energy when the stroke exceeds the normal, and assist the compression stroke, which is effected by an adjustable weight 41. The pump may be twocycle as shown in Fig. 1, or four-cycle as shown in Fig. 4; in the latter case, preferably two units are combined and operate alternately so that each outstroke is a power stroke. In the two-cycle pump shown in Fig. 1, the power cylinder 1 is surrounded by a casing, the lower part of which forms a water jacket, and the upper part a chamber 5 into which air is admitted by a valve 6. During the downstroke, air passes by a port 11 into the cylinder, and during the up-stroke, this air is compressed and enters the power chamber 19 by a port 12, scavenging the combustion products through a port 13, and providing air for the next charge of fuel, which is injected at 18. The piston may be so shaped that the air entering at the port 12 is deflected downwards. The spark magneto is actuated by a pawl 46 on a reciprocating part, such as the cross-head 39, striking the magneto lever 47 near the end of the downstroke. The fuel pump 45 is similarly actuated by a reciprocating striker. If the stroke exceeds the normal, the piston 7 passes the port 11 and compresses the air above the port, which thus absorbs energy and assists the compression stroke. This compressed air may be used for governing the engine by connecting the cylinder above the port 11 with a cylinder 69, Fig. 2, containing a spring-pressed piston 70 connected to the throttle. A regulating- valve 78 controls the return of the piston 70 and throttle. An alternative means for controlling the engine comprises a lever 80, Fig. 3, pivoted to the cylinder of a dash-pot 82 and adapted to be actuated by a collar 79 on a reciprocating member when the stroke exceeds the normal. The valve 6 may admit combustible mixture instead of air, in which case the pump 45 and injection nozzle can be dispensed with. The exhaust port 13 may be dispensed with and replaced by a mechanically-operated exhaust valve at the point where the sprayer 18 enters the cylinder. The pump unit comprises a bucket piston 21 working in a chamber 20 provided with a suction valve 25 and surrounded by a suction air vessel 29. Another air vessel 31 is provided on the delivery side. The pump piston is coupled to the weight 41 by two rods 40 and a cross-head 39. The four-cycle pump shown in Fig. 4 comprises two power units 93, 94 working alternately and both coupled to the pump unit by rods and cross-heads 96, 97, 98. When the stroke is abnormal, the air above the ports 108 is compressed as before. Air cushions 109 are also provided above the cylinders to prevent an excessive down-stroke. The pump is supported on two beams 117, 118. The motor valves are actuated by a cam-shaft 105, which derives its motion from a reciprocating part of the motor, preferably by the mechanical gearing shown in Fig. 5. This gearing comprises a cam 136 rotatably mounted on a reciprocating member and engaged by a roller 135, which is carried by a cylinder 131 and pressed against the cam by springs 128. A second cylinder 137 is slidably mounted in the cylinder 131 and is pressed against a shoulder on the latter cylinder by a spring 139. The cylinder. 137 carries a crank-pin 137<2> connected to a shaft 141 mounted in a fixed casting 123 and carrying a spur-wheel 143 in gear with a toothed wheel on the cam shaft 105. The spur-wheel 143 also gears with a pinion 144 provided with a pin 147, which is pulled by a spring 149 to prevent the crank-pin 137<2> from stopping on a dead-centre. The pump unit shown in Fig. 4 comprises a plunger 95 working in a liner in a casting 194, which has an air chamber 195 communicating with another air chamber 197. The lower part of the casting forms a circular valve chamber provided round its circumference with a number of hinged suction and delivery valves. A diaphragm 201 may be inserted between the plunger and the valve chamber, and clean water is placed in the space 200 and may also be placed above the piston to prevent leakage of air from the chamber 195 into the pump chamber. During the up-stroke, the pressure of the air in the vessels 195, 197 forces the liquid out of the pump. When used as a compressor for elastic fluids, the compressor piston may be coupled to the cross-head by a right and left handed screw coupling so as to adjust the volume of clearance between the top of the compressor cylinder and the piston. The compression may take place on the up-stroke or down-stroke or on both.