Patent GB-1048146-A (GB)
Title: Antistatic agents and their use
Inventor: CLACHAN MARGARET LOUDON
IPC: C08J7/044
Filed: 1964-10-21
Abstract: The invention comprises resins of formula R-(O-A-SO3M)n, where R is a residue on removal of OH groups from a phenol/formaldehyde resin, A is aliphatic, M is H, alkali metal, NH4 or substituted ammonium and n is an integer.  It may be prepared from the corresponding novolak or resole resin and a sultone, e.g. propane-1,3- or butane-1,4-sultone. In Example 1 the phenol/formaldehyde resin dissolved in MeOH is treated first with a solution of Na in MeOH and then with the sultone also in MeOH.  The product precipitates on heating and is filtered off.  In Example 2 the starting resin is derived from p-chlorophenol. The resins so produced may be cross-linked by adding further formaldehyde in the case of a novolak and by heating in the presence of an acid catalyst in the case of a resole.  The materials may be used to form antistatic coatings on plastics fibres.  For this purpose they may be applied as a 0.1-5% solution in water or a water miscible solvent which may also contain a colloid, e.g. gelatine, an anionic, cationic or non-ionic surface active agent, LiNO3, CaCl2, other resins, humectants and/or silver halides.  In examples the coating composition is an aq. MeOH solution and contains p-toluene sulphonic acid (5) and sodium lauryl sulphate (6).  The dry coating may contain 1.0-25% antistatic agent.ALSO:Films of hydrophobic plastics material are rendered antistatic by application of a layer of a compound of formula: R (OASO3M)n where R is a residue of a phenol/formaldehyde resin, A is aliphatic, M is H, an alkali metal or an ammonium or substituted ammonium radical and n is an integer.  R may be a resole or novolak residue and may be cross-linked.  A may be tri- or tetramethylene.  The antistatic layer may be colloidal and may constitute 1.0-25% of the film.  It may be applied as a 1.1-5% solution in water or in a water miscible solvent, which solution may also contain gelatin, an anionic, cationic or non-ionic surface active agent, an inorganic salt, e.g. LiNO3 or CaCl2, a humectant or another synthetic resin.  The layer may be temporary, being subsequently washed away.  In typical example (2) an antistatic agent derived from a chlorophenol/formaldehyde resin and propylene sultone was dissolved in 15% aqueous methanol and applied with a doctor roller to the secondary cellulose acetate side of a cellulose triacetate film covered on both sides with secondary cellulose acetate and then on one side only eith gelatin.  In other examples (3) the antistatic agent was derived from a high molecular weight phenol condensed with formaldehyde, (5) the antistatic solution contained p-toluene sulphonic acid, (6) the film was covered with gelatin on both sides, (7) polyethylene terephthalate film coated with plasticized introcellulose containing finely divided silica was rendered antistatic, (9) the antistatic solution also contained an acrylic copolymer and isopropanol, (10) an antistatic solution containing sodium lauryl sulphate was applied to poly-ethylene terephthalate film and (12) an antistatic solution containing LiNO3 glycerol and methanol was applied to polyethylene terephthalate having a coating of gelatin.