Patent GB-1454266-A (GB)
Title: Business calculator
IPC: G06Q40/00
Filed: 1973-10-30
Abstract: 1454266 Calculators HEWLETT PACKARD CO 30 Oct 1973 [30 Oct 1972] 50372/73 Heading G4A An electronic calculator comprises a keyboard having numeric and function keys, a store for storing numerical data entered by the keyboard, processing means coupled to the keyboard and store for performing a mathematical operation in response to actuation of one or more numeric and function keys and successive actuation of more than one function key, an output indicating the value of the variable associated the last function key operated. As well as performing the basic arithmetic operations the calculator will compute inter alia compound interest, and calendar functions, future values of an annuity, loan repayments, depreciation amortization, price of a bond, yield to maturity of a bond, discounted cash flow, mean and standard deviation and trend lines. The pocket calculator includes keyboard 12 (Fig. 2) for entering instructions and data, seventh segment light emitter diode display 14, a MOS control and timing circuit 16, a MOS read-only memory unit 18 including seven 2,560 bit memories, a MOS arithmetic and register circuit 20, a bipolar clock unit 22 and a solid state power supply 24. It processes 14 digit binary coded decimal words in a digit-serial, bit-serial manner in a 56 bit word cycle b 0 -b 55 . In response to an address on I a  line 32 from circuit 16, a 10 bit instruction is read out during bit times b 45 -b 54  from the read-only memory on to I s  bus 28 and fed to the arithmetic unit and timing circuit 16 for decoding locally, the implementation of an instruction being delayed one word time from its receipt. The timing circuit scans a 5 x 8 keyboard matrix to determine which input key is actuated and the arithmetic unit 20 time-multiplexes display data on to line 38 connected to the anode driver of the display, which comprises an 8 x 15 array displaying 14 characters and a decimal point, the rows of the array being scanned by the anode driver and the columns by the cathode driver.  Keyboard (Figs. 23, 24, not shown).-The keyboard comprises metal strips (102) having slots (104) etched or punched out, the strips being spot welded to a printed circuit board. The keyboard includes function and numeric keys, performing more than one function when used in conjunction with a command key which is colour coded to match legends above the dual process keys. Five financial keys representing a number n of periods, and interest rate i, a periodic payment amount PMT, a present value PV of principal and a future value FV of principal. In conjunction with the command key the second, third and fourth financial keys represent yield and maturity of a bond, accrued interest and a bond price.  Control and timing circuit (Fig. 4, not shown).-The control unit of the circuit is a microprogrammed read-only memory controller (46) with part of each output word being fed back to provide the next address. A counter (42) counts to 56 with a sync signal being fed during bit times b 45 -b 54  to all circuits in the system. The three most significant bits of the counter are fed to a 1 out of 8 decoder (48) to select a keyboard row and the three least significant bits are fed to a decoder (52) to scan the five rows, if a count is actuated the count in the counter when it is detected being fed to key code buffer (56). The circuit also includes 28 bit shift register which recirculates twice each word time, 8 bits, 12 bits and 8 bits forming respectively a read-only address register (58), a status register (62) and a sub-routine return address register (60). The status register holds for example decimal point and carry information. Sub-routine return register allows one level of sub-routine call. A 4 bit pointer (44) permits operation on a single digit or a group of digits. Read only memory circuit (Fig. 6, not shown).-Each of the read only memories receive the same 8 bit address, only one enable flip-flop (70) receiving a signal to enable read out from the associated memory. Each memory has its own 56 state counter (72) synchronized with the counter in the timing circuit 16 to provide the bit counts for reading instruction addresses and for read out of the instruction. Arithmetic and register circuit (Fig. 10, not shown).-This includes a serial binary coded decimal adder/subtractor (84) and seven 14 digit (10 mantissa, mantissa sign, two exponent, exponent sign) dynamic registers (A-F, M) with 3 registers (A, B, C) forming working registers, 4 registers (C, D, E, F) a stack and 1 register (M) communicating only with one of the working registers (C). Decimal point information is stored using one of the registers (B) as a masking register with a nine at each position except the decimal point location which holds a two. The adder/subtractor includes a 4 bit holding register (86) used to correct the binary coded decimal sum when it exceeds 9. The circuit responds to only two of ten types of instruction-arithmetic and register instructions and data entry/display instructions. Instruction set.-If the least significant bit in an instruction is a "one" it represents the sub routine jump or conditional branch, in dependence on the value of the next bit, the remaining 8 bits forming the address. If the least significant bit is a "zero" followed by a "one" it belongs to the arithmetic set, the 5 most significant bits then being decoded in a decoder (92, Fig. 10, not shown) in the arithmetic and register circuit to form one of 32 instructions (e.g. A-B, shift A right). When the four least significant bits are 0100 the instruction relates to status operations (e.g. clear). When they are 1100 they relate to pointer operations (set pointer, decrement pointer). When they are 1000 they relate to data entry/display. When the 5 least significant bits are 10000 the instruction relates to a read-only memory selection.