baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-970010763-B1 (KR)
Title: Device to power on by release switch and the same method for a camera
Inventor: YUN TAE-KYUNG
IPC: G03B19/00
Filed: 1993-03-25
Granted: 1997-06-30
Abstract: Camera making power start by release switch is controlled as follows; (a) After initializing the internal state of camera, discriminate the operating state of source switch(S0), and if SO is operated, discriminate the shuttering state of lens-cap. (b) If lens-cap is closed, drive motor driving part(30) to open lens-cap, and then impress power to each peripheral circuit, if lens-cap is opened, close lens-cap, and then stop the impressment of power. (c) If source switch is not operated, discriminate the operating state of the first lease level switch(S1) and the second lease level switch(S2), and if the first lease level switch(S1) and the second lease level switch(S2) is operated, discriminate the shuttering state of lens-cap. (d) If lens-cap is closed, drive motor driving part(30) to open lens-cap, and then impress power to each composition factor to be operating wait state to photograph.
Patent KR-960004987-B1 (KR)
Title: Electronic abs
Inventor: LEE DONG-JIN
IPC: B60T8/32
Filed: 1993-04-21
Granted: 1996-04-18
Abstract: In the electronic bracke, breaking actions are repeated by one action of stepping pedal. The brake consists of : pistons(2)(2') which are inserted into cylinders(1,1'); a solenoid coil(21) which is inserted into a solenoid core(5); an iron core(8) which is fixed by an eyelet(27) through a hole(17) and contacts with lower piston(2'); a spring holder(18) which is supported by a spring(19) and is connected with lower plate(23) by clip ring(16) which keeps a clearance(6); the lower plate(23) which fixes the solenoid steel core(5) by its projection(26); a control bolt(22) on which absorber(9) is screwed; a sensor cap(20) which is connected with a projected part of the lower plate and in which wire hole(15) is drilled; and a ferrite core(28)(28') which is supported by spring(7') and of which upper part is screwed on spring holder's hole(25'), and lower part is inserted into sensor cap's hole(25'') and fixed by screw(31).
Patent KR-950013469-B1 (KR)
Title: Preparation of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate
Inventor: LEE YUN-SHIK
IPC: C07C67/26
Filed: 1993-05-06
Granted: 1995-11-08
Abstract: This relates to new manufacturing method of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate(2-HEMA). 2-HEMA is prepared by reacting methacrylic acid and ethylene oxide. The using reactor is a stainless(sus-316) pressured reactor and the catalyst is FeCl36H2O or Na2Cr2O7. p-methoxyphenol or 30% nitric acid solution is used as polymerization inhibitor. Ethylene oxide is used as much as 1.1 eq.% of methacrylic acid and catalyst and polymerization inhibitor are used as much as 1.5-5wt.% and 0.2-1.0wt.% respectively. The reaction temp. is 75-120deg.C.
Patent KR-0177045-B1 (KR)
Inventor: WINTER ROLAND A E
IPC: C08F2/40
Filed: 1993-07-28
Granted: 1999-05-15
Abstract: 본 발명은 1 이상의 방향족 니트로 화합물과 함께 1 이상의 안정한 니트록실 화합물의 존재하에 증류 또는 정제중의 스티렌과 같은 비닐 방향족 화합물의 중합반응을 매우 효율적으로 억제하는 것에 관한 것이다.
Patent KR-960008237-B1 (KR)
Title: The back-support device with magnet for the treatment of blood-point
Inventor: KI KUM
IPC: A61N2/08
Filed: 1993-08-05
Granted: 1996-06-21
Abstract: The plate consists of a plate(2) having grooves(3) to receive magnets at corresponding spots for acupuncture and the magnets(4). It covers backside of the body including the shoulder, waist, and hip. The magnets(4) is removable and works corresponding to the condition of a patient.
Patent KR-960004485-B1 (KR)
Title: Liquid detergent composition
Inventor: PARK CHAN-YONG
IPC: C11D3/37
Filed: 1993-08-19
Granted: 1996-04-06
Abstract: This is new cleaner composition The cleaner which comprises anionic 0.1-20wt.%, nonionic 0.1-40wt.% and cationic surfactant 0.1-10wt.%, contains D-limonene 0.1-10wt.%, poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) 0.1-3wt.% and tetrabenzo-tetraazapropine deriv 0.01-0.1wt.%. The anionic surfactant is one kind or its mixture selected from sulfate, sulfonate, phosphate and carboxylate, nonionic surfactant is selected from polyalkylene addition, amine oxide, mono- and diethanol amide type, and cationic surfactant is from C8-C16 alkyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, bromide, and ketylsulfate.
Patent KR-970001524-B1 (KR)
Title: Process for the preparation of silicon carbide powder
Inventor: CHOE DUK-SOON
IPC: C01B31/36
Filed: 1993-08-31
Granted: 1997-02-11
Abstract: Silicon carbide(SiC) powder having particle distribution of less than 0.5um is manufactured in the following way. (1) Mixing one mol of SiO2 of less than 200mech, 1.5-3.0 mol of carbon source and 2.0-2.7 mol of Mg of less than 50mesh to generate a molding body. (2) Getting the molded body to be chemically exothermic reacted, then performing acid rinsing, rinsing, filtrating, drying and roasting to eliminate glass carbon. (3) Adding compound solution of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid to a composite devoid of the glass carbon and heating, filtrating, rinsing, drying the composite, then performing grinding the same. The silicon carbide manufactured in this way is easy to suppress and eliminate generation of impurity, with transformation ratio of SiC improved.
Patent KR-970003688-B1 (KR)
Title: Prealignment method of wafer in exposure apparatus
Inventor: HWANG JOON
IPC: G03F7/20
Filed: 1993-09-23
Granted: 1997-03-21
Abstract: A pre-alignment method of a wafer in a photo-exposed device which is used in  photolithography process during manufacturing a semiconductor is disclosed. In the method, a wafer(2) is loaded on a stage of a photo-exposed device. A photo detector(15) scans a light on a plurality of predetermined points of the wafer(2) and detects the amounts of light reflected from each of the points. X, Y, and    stages(7,8,9) are controlled until the amounts of reflected light are identical with one another.
Patent KR-100296832-B1 (KR)
IPC: H04L7/00
Filed: 1993-11-03
Granted: 2001-10-24
Abstract: A discrete-time signal processing system includes a signal sampling circuit controlled by a sampling signal generator in which a clock signal is derived from an oscillation signal having a higher frequency by means of a switchable frequency divider which is driven by a sigma-delta modulator. By alternately switching from one dividend n to the other dividend n+1 and vice versa, an effective dividend m, where n</=m</=n+1, is realized, so that a very fine frequency tuning can take place. The use of the  SIGMA - DELTA  modulator is advantageous in that the frequency spectrum of the sampled signal is not corrupted by the frequency spectrum of the sampling signal (clock signal) generated by way of the switching frequency divider.
Patent KR-970002494-B1 (KR)
Title: Recovering method of the ice forming protein from ice forming microorganisms and increasing methed of the activity of ice forming protein
Inventor: SO SUNG
IPC: C12P21/00
Filed: 1993-11-12
Granted: 1997-03-05
Abstract: a dump auxiliary device(3) mounted in front part of prior crane ship(1); a hydraulic cylinder(7) mounted to the end of a dump auxiliary device(3); a hinge(8) coupled to a shaft pin(12) by the cylinder(7); and a wire rope(6). Reaction force submerging the front part of the crane ship is transferred to the end of the dump auxiliary device(3) to push down the other side of the barge ship(9). Thereby, it is possible to dump the cargo on board by only a weak power.
Patent KR-100198069-B1 (KR)
Inventor: CHOW PAK-LIM
IPC: B65D19/00
Filed: 1993-11-17
Granted: 1999-06-15
Abstract: 제1시이트(10), 제2시이트(20) 및 지지수단(30)을 포함하는 종이 팰릿에 있어서, 지지수단(30)은 혀들(35)(37)을 절단, 주름, 접힘 및 결합함으로써 형성되는 제1, 제2 시이트(10,20)의 부분인 것을 특징으로 하는 종이 팰릿이 개시된다. 혀(35)는 혀(37)와 90°의 각도로 교차하고 플랜지(32)는 슬롯 인 로킹수단을 형성하는 슬롯(34)에 결합된다. 본 발명의 강도는 지지수단(30) 내부의 중공의 공간의 내부에 강화코어(36)를 부가함으로써 더욱 증대될 수 있다. 또한, 강화코어(36)는 지지수단(30)을 형성하기 위하여 결합된 혀들(35)(37)을 감쌀 수도 있다. 본 발명은 지지수단(30)의 치수, 높이 및 수들의 면에서 변화할 수 있다.
Patent KR-0129497-B1 (KR)
Title: Sensing device and method of facsimile
Inventor: KIM MOON-KYU
IPC: H04N1/00
Filed: 1993-11-18
Granted: 1998-04-10
Abstract: An apparatus and method for recognizing door open of facsimile is disclosed. The apparatus for recognizing door open of facsimile comprises: document presence sensing means(103) for sensing whether the document is present or not; place recongnition sensing means(104) of sensing whether the moved document is placed on a reading location or not; and central processing means(114) for determining whether a door of the facsimile is open or not, in accordance with two signals from the document presence sensing means and the place recongnition sensing means. Thereby, the door open of the facsimile can be recognized without additional sensor.
Patent KR-0133970-B1 (KR)
Inventor: MORIGA NAMIGI
IPC: H01L23/10
Filed: 1993-12-15
Granted: 1998-04-18
Abstract: 플라스틱-몰드형 중공 반도체장치가 베이스와 커버의 본딩 표면 뿐만 아니라 커버의 전체 가장자리 표면에 적용되는 열경화성 수지 접합재에 의하여 서로 결합되는 베이스와 커버를 포함한다. 
     열경화성 수지 접합재는 커버를 베이스상에 형성하고 동시에 그들을 예열한후 적용되고, 따라서 베이스와 커버사이에 있는 내부 가스는 팽창되지 않게 되고 쓰루-홀의 생성이 제거되어 핸들링 특성과 신뢰성이 높은 반도체장치를 얻을 수 있다.
Patent KR-100211914-B1 (KR)
Title: Products containing verapamil and trandolapril
Inventor: ECKARDT ALBIN
IPC: A61K31/135
Filed: 1992-03-07
Granted: 1999-08-02
Abstract: A combination of verapamil and trandolapril which is very useful for lowering blood pressure is described.
Patent KR-100196084-B1 (KR)
Title: Aqueous phase removal of nitrogen from nitrogen compounds
Inventor: FASSBENDER ALEXANDER G
IPC: C02F1/58
Filed: 1992-01-16
Granted: 1999-06-15
Abstract: A method is disclosed for denitrification of compounds containing nitrogen present in aqueous waste streams. The method comprises the steps of (1) identifying the types of nitrogen compounds present in a waste stream, (2) determining the concentrations of nitrogen compounds, (3) balancing oxidized and reduced form of nitrogen by adding a reactant, and (4) heating the mixture to a predetermined reaction temperature from about 300 DEG  C. to about 600 DEG  C., thereby resulting in less harmful nitrogen and oxygen gas, hydroxides, alcohols, and hydrocarbons.
Patent RO-119763-B1 (RO)
Title: Multifunction rucksack
Inventor: ZOICA CONSTANTIN
IPC: A45F4/02
Filed: 2000-09-13
Abstract: The invention relates to a multifunction rucksack meant for trip-goers or field-service soldiers, and which can also be used as a bath basin, stretcher, sleeping bag, or bad weather shelter. According to the invention, the multifunction rucksack comprises an impermeable cover (1) inside of which a nylon or plastic bag (2) is fixed with a view to storing water when the rucksack is employed as a basin, the bag (2) being provided at its lower part with a nozzle (6) and a plug (7), penetrating the impermeable cover (1) through an orifice and permitting the basin to be emptied, the rucksack body having a greater functional size than the classic rucksack, comparable with a sleeping bag, the upper part being rolled up during transportation and secured in said position by means of a strap (4), while the width is folded by means of some ropes (5) and a braid (10).
Patent RO-118571-B1 (RO)
Title: Tridimensional logical game
Inventor: RĂDUŢ CĂTĂLIN FLORIAN
IPC: A63F9/12
Filed: 2001-02-01
Abstract: The invention relates to a tridimensional logical game comprising a game table (a) provided with some holes (b) orderly arranged according to some grids (k, l, m and n) having square, hexagonal, triangular or combined shape, wherein there may be introduced the cylindrical shaped mobile rods (c), said rods having an extremity longer than the maximum number of pieces allowed on a rod, and the other extremity having a collar (i) with a stabilizing role and a cylindrical part (j) having its length equal to or smaller than the depth of the holes (b) where they are to be introduced, on the said rods there gliding the pieces (d) of the game, said pieces having cylindrical or prismatic shape these being provided with a hole (e) along the central axle, the entire game being covered with a transparent cover (f).
Patent RO-120744-B1 (RO)
Title: Synergistic insecticidal-acaricidal compositions
Inventor: ROIBU CONSTANTIN
IPC: A01N43/88
Filed: 2001-08-02
Abstract: The invention relates to synergistic insecticidal-acaricidal compositions based on 2-tert-butylimino-3 isopropyl-5- phenyl-1,3,5-thiadiazin-4-one (buprofezin) as component A and mineral oil as component B, meant for the control of Quadraspidiotus perniciosus and Panonichus ulmi in fruit tree orchards, and comprising 1...10% component A, 35...70% component B, 8...15% surfactants, 0...20% cosolvents and solvent for the remainder to 100%, the percentage being expressed by weight.
Patent RO-121194-B1 (RO)
Title: Air cushion vehicle with unitary sustentation and propulsion system
Inventor: BELDEAN VASILE
IPC: B60V1/15
Filed: 2002-10-07
Abstract: The invention relates to an air cushion vehicle, driven by a unitary sustentation and propulsion system, meant for transportation. The vehicle comprises a frame consisting of a tubular body (3) mounted between two platforms, one upper (9) and one lower (7) having an inflatable skirt (6) mounted around. The engine (1) driving the compressor (2) is mounted on the lower platform (7), the resulting compressed air being directed towards the tubular body (3) and towards sustentation and propulsion units (5) through a distributor (4), said units comprising a double action pneumatic cylinder (a) mounted by means of a spherical joint (b) which is guided and borne on the lower platform (7) by means of some pieces (c), inside which a piston (d) integral with the rod (e) glides, said piston being driven upwards and downwards by the air introduced through some nozzles (f) thereby achieving the moving away from/bringing nearer to the environment where it displaces.
Patent RO-122530-B1 (RO)
Title: Process for obtaining a chemically modified cell-ligninic material
Inventor: CONSTANTINESCU GABRIELA LILIANA
IPC: B27K3/02
Filed: 2006-05-05
Abstract: The invention relates to a process for obtaining a chemically modified cell-ligninic material, wherein a mixture consisting of wood dust and epichlorohydrine is epoxidated, at a weight ratio of 1:10, in 20% concentration sodium hydroxide solution, at a temperature of 40...70A C, for 3 h, it is neutralized with 20% concentration sodium monophosphate solution, it is washed with distilled water up to a neutral pH and it is dried at the room temperature, then it is esterified with stearoyl chloride, at a molar ratio of 1:1.2, in pyridine medium, at a temperature of 80A C, for 2 h, and it is neutralized with sulphuric acid 1M, it is washed with distilled water up to a neutral pH and it is dried at the room temperature.
Patent RO-123004-B1 (RO)
Title: Process for stopping infiltrations into buildings
Inventor: BALABAN MIHAIL CONSTANTIN
IPC: E02D31/02
Filed: 2007-10-23
Abstract: The invention relates to a process for stopping infiltrations into existing buildings, process which is applied in particular to the buildings which exhibit a high level of dampness, such as churches. The process comprises the following stages: carrying out a trench (s) in front of the walls to be hydroinsulated while ensuring the flatness; tracing a guiding line (t) at a height of about 20 cm in relation to the level of the natural ground; digging a channel (c) having a height of about 5 to 10 cm by cutting the wall across the entire thickness (g) on sections with a length of about 150 cm; removing the degraded masonry elements and cleaning the dug channel (c); applying a layer of hydroinsulating material (1) at the lower part of the channel (c); introducing a stopping framework (o) across the entire thickness (g) of the wall, and some side frameworks (l) on the two internal and external faces of the wall, leaving a slit (f) for the supply; applying a concrete layer (2) into the dug channel (c); carrying out the removal of shuttering when the concrete is hardened; further cutting the wall across the following section of about 150 cm, followed by the same operations up to the hydroinsulation of the wall on the entire length thereof; draining the foundation by fixing a drain tube (3) into the dug trench (s) on a sand layer (4) with a thickness of 6 cm and later by filling up the trench (s) with a layer (5) of river stones.
Patent RO-125913-B1 (RO)
Inventor: AVATAJI NECULAI
IPC: E21B43/12
Filed: 2009-06-25
Abstract: Prezenta invenție se referă la o
cizmă de protecție, pentru vânătorii de munte,
împotriva substanțelor toxice de luptă, a
preparatelor microbiene, în fază lichidă, cu care vin
în contact, și a radiațiilor emise de armele -de
nimicire în masă. Cizma de protecție este alcătuită
dintr-un carâmb de pânză cauciucată (1), prevăzut,
la partea anterioară, cu un burduf etanș (3) și dintro
talpă antiderapantă (6), având forma
corespunzătoare pentru a fi îmbrăcată peste
bocancul de schi, prevăzută cu parașocuri la vârf
(7) și spate (8) și locașuri laterale (a), pentru
fixarea legăturilor de schiuri, precum și cu pinteni (9) pentru ușurarea descălțării.
Patent RO-125953-B1 (RO)
Title: Phytotherapeutic body detoxification product
Inventor: ANDRONOVICI LIVIU
IPC: A61K36/67
Filed: 2009-07-22
Abstract: The invention relates to a product for the detoxification of the human body. According to the invention, the product consists of 10...15 parts of box thorn and basil, St. John's wort, juniper, marsh mallow, willowherb, respectively, 5...10 parts of garden sage and mistletoe, celandine, garlic, peppermint, respectively, and agents for conditioning it as capsules.
Patent RO-126153-B1 (RO)
Title: Method and equipment for dynamically testing vertical alignments of highways
Inventor: STOICA AXENTE
IPC: G01B11/30
Filed: 2009-09-02
Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an equipment for dynamically testing the longitudinal uniformity of road pavements on which a motor vehicle runs. According to the invention, the method consists in that a laboratory vehicle moves on the pavement to be tested, said vehicle being provided with measuring equipment to determine the uniformity of the alignment to be tested by computing international values for non-uniformity estimation. The claimed equipment comprises a laboratory-vehicle on which an oscillating platform (PO) is fixed and maintained in a horizontal position, irrespective of the pitching oscillations of the vehicle longitudinal axis, provided with a measuring equipment comprising two laser sources (SL), a video camera (CV) with in-line photoelectric sensors and a transducer (Acm) for measuring the distance travelled by the vehicle.
Patent RO-126792-B1 (RO)
Title: Articulated device for performing tensile tests on test pieces sampled from membrane walls
Inventor: FLEŞER TRAIAN
IPC: G01N3/08
Filed: 2010-04-15
Abstract: The invention relates to a device employed for performing tensile tests on test pieces sampled from membrane walls, using a multi-functional machine. According to the invention, the device comprises two bolt joints (5) ensuring a uniform strain applied to some corner welded joints (3), where, in order to prevent ovalization of some pipes (1) in the corner welded joints (3) during the tensile test, some steel bushings (4) are introduced into every pipe (1) of a piece to be tested, the mobility of the test piece being provided by some joints (6) allowing the strain along the length of the weldings to be uniform throughout the duration of the tensile strength.
Patent RS-54174-B1 (RS)
Inventor: CHOO SO MI
IPC: C07D211/90
Filed: 2005-10-26
Abstract: Postupak dobijanja amorfnog lerkanidipina koji obuhvata korake: (1) rastvaranja lerkanidipina u organskom rastvaraču da bi se dobio rastvor; (2) obrazovanja taloga ukapavanjem rastvora u organski rastvarač izabran iz grupe koju čine cikloheksan, ciklopentan, heksan i petoleum-etar i mešanja; i (3) ceđenja taloga, ispiranja sa organskim rastvaračem korišćenim u koraku 2 i sušenja u vakumu. Prijava sadrži još 11 patentnih zahteva.
Patent SA-121430410-B1 (SA)
Inventor: Ahmad Ali Mohammed Alhartomy
IPC: A61B5/107
Filed: 2021-12-08
Abstract: يتعلق الاختراع الحالي بجهاز الكتروني لأخذ قياسات فرق الطول بين أجزاء الطرف السفلي لجسم الانسان حيث يعمل جهازنا على تحديد نقاط مرجعيه على جسم المريض كما في الرسم الشكل الرئيسى رقم (1) بواسطة خطوط ضوئية ليزرية طوليه مستعرضه على جسم المريض أحدهم ثابت على نقطه مرجعيه ثابته (9) يختارها ويحددها المختص أثناء القياس والأخرى متحركة (10) تُصدر الخطوط الليزرية (3) من صندوقين (1) و(2) مثبتين على عمود انزلاق تثبت بالجدار أعلى سرير الكشف (14) ليتمكن من تحريكهم وتعديل المستويات والمسافات بينهم. يصدر الصندوق الأول موجات صوتيه تردديه (4) تصطدم بالصندوق الثاني لترتد معطيتاً قياس مسافه تترجم رقمياً تظهر على شاشه عرض (13) مقرونه بالصندوق الأول تكون هذه العملية على الطرف السليم من الجسم ومن ثم تعاود العمليه على الطرف المعتل لاستنتاج الفرق المحتمل بين الطرفين حيث تؤخذ هذه العمليه والمريض (8) مستلقي على سرير الكشف (7) يتكون الصندوق من وحده طاقه بطارية شحن (6) تغذي الجهازين بالطاقه التشغيليه و خليه الكترونيه تعالج البيانات وتربط الدائره الكهربائيه (5) وأزرار تشغيل وأغلاق لجميع الصندوقين (12 ,11)
Patent SA-517382104-B1 (SA)
Title: Deployment Method for Coiled Tubing
Inventor: Rod William SHAMPINE
Filed: 2017-08-10
Abstract: [0001] Methods include providing a first portion of a tool string including a tool, a deployment bar, and at least one deployment valve, where the deployment valve includes a valve therein which is operable under wellbore pressure and further comprises a fluid passageway there through. The first portion of the tool string is connected to a conveyance device in a riser, and then moved into a blowout preventer body having at least one sealing ram for engaging with a neck on the deployment bar, where the valve is in an open position and the riser is under wellbore pressure during the moving. The at least one sealing ram is closed on the neck, valve closed, and pressure reduced in the riser. In some cases, the valve is pressure tested before pressure is reduced in the riser.
Patent SA-517382302-B1 (SA)
Title: A method and device for detecting a material
Inventor: KRUGEL DANIEL RUDOLPH
Filed: 2017-09-13
Abstract: THIS INVENTION relates to a method and a device for detecting a target material at a distance. The device includes a means for indicating the direction to the target material, a primary energy source for subjecting a sample material to energy and a means for sensitising the device, and specifically an indicating means thereof, such that the indicating means detects target material similar to the sample material [Figure for abstract – Figure 10].
Patent AU-2013204471-B1 (AU)
Title: Electronic ophthalmic lens with eye gaze sensor
Inventor: PUGH RANDALL BRAXTON
IPC: G02C7/10
Filed: 2013-04-12
Abstract: A gaze direction tracking system for an ophthalmic lens comprising an electronic system is described herein. The gaze direction tracking system is part of an electronic system incorporated into the ophthalmic lens. The electronic system includes one or more batteries or other power sources, power management circuitry, one or more sensors, clock generation circuitry, control algorithms and circuitry, and lens driver circuitry. The gaze direction tracking system is utilized to determine pupil position and use this information to control various aspects of the ophthalmic lens.
Patent AU-2017201154-B1 (AU)
Title: Golf club head with structural columns
Inventor: SELUGA JAMES A
IPC: A63B53/04
Filed: 2017-02-21
Abstract: GOLF CLUB HEAD WITH STRUCTURAL COLUMNS A golf club head (10) having multiple structural columns (50, 52) is disclosed herein. A body (20) comprises a face section (30), a sole section (22), and a crown or return section (32), and defines a hollow interior (27). Each of the structural columns (50, 52) extends from the crown or return section (32) to the sole section (22) within the hollow interior (27) to reduce stresses placed on the face section (30) during impact with a golf ball. The structural columns (50, 52) are all located within 1 inch of a rear surface of the face section (30) measured along a plane normal to the center of the face, and are spaced a distance of 0.500 to 2.00 inch from one another within the hollow interior (27).