baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent JP-H09187828-A (JP)
Title: Manufacture of optical film
Inventor: HOSOI MASAHIRO
IPC: B29C41/46
Filed: 1996-01-08
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an optical film having desirable optical characteristics in good productivity by a method wherein a film is sent to a pin tenter, dried by avoiding tention from being applied to a film width direction as far as pos sible under a specific ambient temperature, and cooled to room temperature. SOLUTION: A film is sent to a pin tenter, and carried for 2-6min under a state in which a cross section of a film width direction draws a catenary while both edge parts of the film width direction are held with pin clips under a state wherein a rail width of the pin tender is reduced by 2.5-7.5% from the film width at (Tg-25)∼(Tg-10) deg.C ambient temperature to glass trandition temperature Tg of polycarbonate. After drying, the film is cooled to room temperature. Consequently, an optical film having optical characteristics wherein 10nm<=(nx-ny)×d<=70nm, -5 deg.<= lag axial angle <=5 deg., [(nx+ny)/2-nz]×d<=30nm are satisfied where principal index of refraction in the film surface are nx, ny, principal index of refraction of the film thickness direction is nz, and the film thickness is d, can be manufactured.
Patent JP-S62158727-A (JP)
Title: Prepreg
Inventor: TOKIZANE MASARU
IPC: C08J5/24
Filed: 1986-01-08
Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a prepreg of an excellent reinforcing effect, a light weight and a low manufacturing cost, by adhering a specified woven fabric to one surface of a unidirectional prepreg. CONSTITUTION:Strands 1 of reinforcing fibers (e.g., carbon fiber) fed in parallel with each other in the form of a sheet are sandwiched between a 0.05-0.2mm-thick release paper 2 and a resin-coated release paper 3; heated to 50-150 deg.C on a hot plate 4 to increase the flow of the resin; fed between impregnation rolls at least either of which is heated; given a linear pressure of 3-8kg/cm to widen the strands and to impregnate them with the resin; and fed to a take-up roll 6, where the release paper 2 is peeled off to obtain a unidirectional prepreg 7 supported on the release paper 3. A woven fabric 8 in which the wefts consist of reinforcing fibers and the warps consists of low-melting polymer yarns (e.g., nylon yarn) is adhered to the prepreg 7 so that the direction of the warps may coincide with the direction of drawing of the reinforcing fiber of the prepreg and the direction of the wefts may coincide with the direction of width which is transverse to the direction of drawing, and the assemblage is fed between adhesion rolls 9 at least either of which is heated to 60-140 deg.C; given a linear pressure of 3-8kg/cm to effect adhesion; and wound around a core 11 through a take-up roll 10.
Patent JP-S5494227-A (JP)
Title: Video mixing amplifier
Inventor: SOMEKAWA TAICHI
IPC: H04N9/74
Filed: 1978-01-10
Abstract: PURPOSE: To prevent the occurrence of color shift by eliminating the phase difference between the burst signal and the chroma signal, by mixing process without  the rejection of burst signal in the composite video signal.  
     CONSTITUTION: Composite video signals VBS1 and VBS2 are given to the inputs 1 and 2 and only the synchronizing signal is eliminated with the rejection circuits SE1 and SE2, then the synthesis of the video signal VB1 and VB2 is made with the mixing circuit MIX. Corresponding to the presence period t of the burst signal B at the composite video signal VBS, the control pulse Pc is given to the mixing circuit MIX and the gate G from the pulse generating circuit PG. In the gain control circuit GC, only the burst signal B is subject to the amplitude control, the synchronizing signal is added with the additional circuit SA, and it is delivered to the output 3 as the composite video signal VBSo of perfect form. 
     COPYRIGHT: (C)1979,JPO&Japio
Patent OA-06339-A (OA)
IPC: A61P9/10
Filed: 1979-09-18
Abstract: The (R,R) optical isomer of labetalol, namely 5-[ (R)-1-hydroxy- 2-[(R)-1-methyl- 3-phenylpropyl)amino ]ethyl]salicylamide, and its pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts, in a state substantially free of the corresponding (R,S), (S,R) and (S,S) optical isomers, are novel compounds with favourable therapeutic properties in comparison with labetalol. They can be used in particular in the treatment of hypertension. The novel (R,R) optical isomer and its pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts can be prepared by removal of the protecting groups from an N,O-protected (R,R) optical isomer or acid addition salt thereof, wherein the basic nitrogen atom and the phenolic hydroxy group are protected, preferably by hydrogenolytic removal of hydrogenolysable groups.
Patent OA-07777-A (OA)
Inventor: SALHI ALI
IPC: A61K/
Filed: 1984-05-25
Abstract: The compounds according to the invention correspond to the formula: <IMAGE>  (I)  in which: The COOA group at the 4 position is an acid radical, or an alkaline or alkaline-earth salt, or an amino acid or amine salt, for example triethylamine or ethanolamines, or an easily hydrolyzable or metabolically labile and pharmaceutically acceptable ester radical. X denotes an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom n is zero or 1 R1 and R2 each denote independently hydrogen or a lower alkyl group, preferably a methyl group, or R1 and R2 taken together with the carbon atom to which they are linked form a cyclobutyl or cyclopentyl nucleus. B is the residue of a primary or secondary amine.
Patent OA-07802-A (OA)
Inventor: ANDRE DODIN
IPC: C07K14/28
Filed: 1984-08-29
Abstract: The invention provides a synthetic peptide comprising at least 5 of the 11 amino acids common to the  gamma chain of sub-unit A of the cholera toxin and the  gamma chain of the LT toxin of Escherichia coli. The peptide is preferably constituted by a pentadecapeptide which corresponds to the following formula (I):   <IMAGE>   +TR <IMAGE>  The process of synthesis is by the step by step construction of the peptide chain starting form the C terminal end of said chain, by the successive fixing of the amino acids which constitute the peptide. A novel medicament for the treatment of cholera and infectious gastro-enterites is also disclosed which comprises said synthetic peptide as an active constituent. A diagnosis agent for cholera and/or infectious gastroenterites comprises a sequence of at least the 5 amino acids of the synthetic peptide.
Patent OA-09324-A (OA)
Inventor: JEAN-CLAUDE ALOUP
IPC: A61K31/44
Filed: 1990-10-31
Abstract: Process for preparing (1R,2R)-2-(3-pyridyl)tetrahydrothiopyran-2-carbothioamide 1-oxides of general formula:  <IMAGE>  (R1=alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms), by the action of an alkyl isothiocyanate on the 1R,2R and 1R,2S sulphoxides of formulae:  <IMAGE>  <IMAGE>  employed alone or mixed, the (1R,2R)-2-(3-pyridyl)tetrahydrothiopyran-2-carbothioamide 1-oxides thereby obtained and pharmaceutical compositions containing them. (1R,2R)-2-(3-Pyridyl)tetrahydrothiopyran-2-carbothioamide 1-oxides are especially useful as antihypertensives.
Patent PH-25139-A (PH)
Title: Stone surface treating methods and compositions
Inventor: GEORGE ROGER D
IPC: C04B41/52
Filed: 1986-05-23
Abstract: A process for treating a stone surface is disclosed. Stone floor surfaces, such as, marble and terrazzo, are treated with an acid conditioner followed by buffing with a crystallizing agent whereby a durable, high gloss finish is produced in situ on the floor surface.
Patent PH-26087-A (PH)
Title: Transdermal drug delivery device
Inventor: BANNON YVONNE BRIGID
IPC: A61M37/00
Filed: 1987-07-02
Abstract: A disposable electrode (3) for use in a transdermal device comprises a first surface adapted for contact with human skin and through which a drug substance contained in the electrode passes to the skin under the influence of an iontophoretic or electro-osmotic force and a second surface (4) which is electrically conducting, the electrode has a surface area in contact with the skin, in use, in the range 0.1 to 30 cm<2> and a drug dissolved or dispersed in a hydrophilic medium (5) at a concentration in the range 0.1 to 15% (w/v) based on the hydrophilic medium.
Patent PH-27594-A (PH)
Title: Medicaments for the treatment of asthma and other respiratory disorders
Inventor: PALMER JAMES BARRY DOUGLAS
IPC: A61K31/565
Filed: 1990-09-07
Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions comprising effective amounts of salmeterol (and/or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof) and fluticasone propionate as a combined preparation for simultaneous, sequential or separate administration by inhalation in the treatment of respiratory disorders.
Patent TR-28894-A (TR)
IPC: C14C9/02
Filed: 1995-02-16
Abstract: Sulfonated substances useful for stuffing leather are obtained by reacting monohydric or polyhydric alcohols (a) with 12 to 36 C atoms with a sulfonating reactive (b), then by neutralising them. As sulfonating reactive (b) a combination of at least one organic sulphonic acid (b1) and sulphuric acid (b2) is used, the proportion of sulphuric acid in relation to the sum of organic sulphonic acid and sulphuric acid amounting to 0.5 to 80% by weight.
Patent TR-23546-A (TR)
IPC: B61H13/02
Filed: 1989-02-22
Abstract: With a brake valve, the pressure in a brake line is to be controllable in a linear and continuous manner in as large a range as possible, from for example 0 - 5 bar, by swivelling a lever. The use of the previously customary screw to change the spring pretensioning is only possible for small pressure ranges. With the aid of a lever (20), the ratio between the force (A) of the spring (16) and the force (B) brought about by the brake line pressure is controlled, the effective lever arm lengths (I1, I2) being adjustable by means of a brake lever (10, 46). The spring (16) rests on a circular segment- shaped support face (22) by means of a roller (18) in such a way that the spring force remains constant during the swivelling of the brake lever (10, 46). <IMAGE>
Patent UY-32182-A (UY)
Title: Célula de planta híbrida y proceso para su preparación
Inventor: PEER SCHENK
IPC: A01H5/00
Filed: 2009-10-16
Abstract: Célula de planta híbrida y proceso para su preparación, en donde la célula de planta es el producto de la fusión de un primer protoplasto que exhibe un carácter codificado por un gen mitocondrial tal como la esterilidad citoplasmática masculina y un segundo protoplasto que exhibe un carácter codificado por un gen de cloroplastos como el de resistencia a herbicida, donde el núcleo de uno u otro protoplasto está inactivado.
Patent UY-34689-A (UY)
Inventor: STEVEN BOWE
IPC: A01N25/00
Filed: 2013-03-19
Abstract: SIN ESCANEO
Patent UY-38404-A (UY)
Title: Composición nutracéutica que combina probióticos, vitaminas y minerales
Inventor: ITZAINA SANCHEZ FERNANDO GABRIEL
IPC: A61P17/10
Filed: 2019-10-07
Abstract: La presente invención se refiere a un complemento alimenticio en forma de dos comprimidos, uno recubierto con minerales quelatos de zinc y cobre, vitaminas A, B3 y B6 y otro comprimido único que contiene los probióticos Lactobacillus acidophilus y Bifidobacterium lactis. Además, la presente invención se refiere a un proceso para la preparación de dichos comprimidos y su uso para controlar la disbiosis y el acné.
Patent UY-39438-A (UY)
Title: Combinaciones de herbicidas de triazinona con protectores
Inventor: FERDINANDO MARCOS LIMA SILVA
IPC: A01N43/653
Filed: 2021-09-27
Abstract: La presente invención describe una combinación para el control selectivo de las malas hierbas; más particularmente, la presente invención se refiere a una combinación de uno o más herbicidas de triazinona con uno o más protectores para el control selectivo de las malas hierbas.
Patent YU-48995-A (YU)
Title: Zidno pokretno postolje sa dvostrukim pomeranjem
Inventor: SLOBODAN SEDIC
Filed: 1995-07-18
Abstract: ZIDNO POKRETNO POSTOLJE SA DVOSTRUKIM POMERANJEM - učvršćuje se za zid preko nosača (1). Postolje za vertikalno pomeranje ima klizni sklop između zavrtnja (11) i nosača (9) i ostvaruje se preko (10). Horizontalno pomeranje se vrši u kliznom sklop u između čaura (6) i zavrtnja (5).
Patent YU-73493-A (YU)
Title: Spajanje samocentrirajuće elektrode
Inventor: STEWART J R
Filed: 1993-11-24
Abstract: SPAJANJE SAMOCENTRIRAJUĆE ELEKTRODE, zavrtanj sa navojima za spajanje dva dela elektrode obezbedjen je sa integralnim bregom u sredini njegovih navoja za centrianje elektroda u koaksijalnom položaju.
Patent YU-79393-A (YU)
Inventor: VALTUENA J P
IPC: A61K38/21
Filed: 1993-12-20
Abstract: The present invention relates to a therapeutic combination therapy involving the use of human interferon. The therapy involves the treatment of conditions susceptible to treatment with human interferon, with a combination of a human interferon and a free radical scavenger or precursor or inducer.
Patent YU-79791-A (YU)
Title: Postupak proizvodnje lakog gradjevinskog materijala
Inventor: DERBY-LEWIS G A
IPC: C04B14/12
Filed: 1991-03-14
Abstract: POSTUPAK PROIZVODNJE LAKOG GRADJEVINSKOG MATERIJALA, kao što je agregat, sadrži mešanje glinenog praha sa visokim procentom ugljene prašine da bi se obrazovale oblasti uglja u smeši koja pretstavlja željenu gustinu šupljina, obrazovanje tableta od smeše u slučaju agregata, i njihovo zagrevanje radi sagorevanja uglja i očvršćavanja gline. Sagorevanje uglja ostavlja šuplje oblasti u očvrsloj glini da bi se formirao laki gradjevinski materijal ili agregat.
Patent YU-81092-A (YU)
Inventor: BERES Y
IPC: A61K33/24
Filed: 1992-09-02
Abstract: The subject-matter of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition suitable for influencing the reticuloendothelic system and for treating mucoviscidosis and chronic pain syndromes deriving from degenerative locomotor diseases or accompanying the diseases of tumorous origin, containing   i) one or more pharmaceutically acceptable, water-soluble compounds of boron, fluorine, magnesium, vanadium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc and molybdenum, which compounds do not precipitate with each other or with the other components of the composition and exhibit a neutral or acidic pH in an aqueous medium,   ii) glycine,   iii) glycerol,   iv) L-(+)-ascorbic acid, vi) a neutral or acidic and water-soluble, pharmaceutically acceptable salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid,     and   vii) potassium sodium tartrate, Optionally together with one or more usual pharmaceutical carrier(s), diluent(s) and/or auxiliary agent(s) characterized in that they also contain   v) succinic acid     and   viii) L-(+)-tartaric acid.
Patent YU-93392-A (YU)
Title: Bacač projektila sa puške i pištolja
Inventor: BORIVOJ PANIC
Filed: 1992-10-23
Abstract: Bacač projektila sa puške i pištolja, prema pronalasku, se postavlja na oružje na izlaznom delu (4), kroz koju prolaze barutni gasovi, koji vrše pritisak na projektil (8), u cevi (1) bacača iz koje se projektil usmerava prema određenom cilju-meti. Bacač se postavlja na cev oružja, sastavno-rastavnom vezom postolja (2) bacača osigurava osiguračem (3), i tako omogućava stabilnost bacača na cevi (4) oružja. Kada se bacač odvoji od cevi, nosi se u torbi, futroli ili rancu.
Patent AT-A133594-A (AT)
Inventor: LORETH WOLFGANG DIPL ING DR
IPC: B60C13/00
Filed: 1994-07-06
Abstract: A vehicle tyre has markings, e.g. trade marks or decorative designs on the sidewall (1) created by a flocked layer (2). <IMAGE>
Patent AT-A204898-A (AT)
IPC: C02F3/30
Filed: 1998-12-07
Abstract: Biological treatment of phosphate-containing waste water, optionally after denitrification, in which the waste water is passed through a circuit comprising an anaerobic treatment stage followed by an aerobic treatment stage and resulting phosphate-depleted water is discharged from the circuit, comprises adding a readily biodegradable carbon source to the waste water in the anaerobic stage in admixture with a primary flocculant based on polyaluminum hydroxychloride.
Patent BE-894732-A (BE)
Title: Refractory material fabrication - by exothermic partial vapour phase reaction of volatilised metal cpd. with oxide particles and oxidising agent
IPC: C04B35/66
Filed: 1982-10-19
Abstract: Process comprises depositing onto a hot surface, a pulverulent mixt. of one or more oxides, one or more volatised cpds. and one or more oxidising agents. The vaporised metal cpds. are oxidised and are impregnated into the oxide particles. The metal cpds. have compsn. such that their heat of combustion give increased temp. and a ompact refractory mass is formed on the surface. The volatilisable metal cpds. may consist of SiCl4, AlCl3, SnCl4, ZrCl4 or other halides, pref. dissolved in a combustible solvent such as methyl, ethyl or isopropyl alcohol, or benzene. The oxides pref. consist of oxides of Si, Al, Zr, Ca, Cr or their mixts. Process is used in the fabrication of refractory articles, repairing of damaged or corroded mould or furnace linings, or for producing special refractories having anionic or cationic conducting properties, e.g. Al2O3. The heat given off during reaction of the metal cpd. and combustion of the solvent raises the temp. in the reaction zone, so that the oxide particles bond together and form a coherent and resistant solid deposit.
Patent BE-899854-A (BE)
Title: Procede pour fabriquer du tube d'acier cintre ayant une resistance mecanique et une tenacite a basse temperature excellentes.
Inventor: TAIRA T
IPC: C22C38/58
Filed: 1984-06-07
Abstract: Procédé pour fabriquer un tube d'acier cintré  ayant une résistance et une ténacité à basse température excellentes, suivant lequel on exécute une opération de cintrage sur un tube fait d'une tole d'acier comprenant au moins une couche, tandis qu'on soumet le tube à un traitement thermique dans les conditions suivantes : température de chauffage comprise entre 900 et 1150 degrés C, temps de séjour jusqu'à 15 minutes et allure de refroidissement de 5 à 100 degrés C par seconde.
Patent BE-900478-A (BE)
Title: Balai d'essuie-glace avec dispositif deflecteur d'air.
IPC: B60S1/38
Filed: 1984-08-31
Abstract: Balai d'essuie-glace, notamment pour véhicules à moteur, comportant un élément d'essuyage (6) relié à une superstructure, qui est elle-meme composée d'un pont principal (1) et d'un ou de plusieurs balanciers intermédiaires (2) et (ou) d'un ou de plusieurs balanciers secondaires, sur lequel un ou plusieurs des composants de ladite superstructure sont remplacés par un ou plusieurs dispositifs déflecteurs de l'air (14).
Patent BE-905932-A (BE)
Title: Engin de levage pour invalide.
Inventor: DAVID RICHARD JAMES
IPC: A61G7/12
Filed: 1986-12-16
Abstract: L'engin de levage pour invalide comprend un bras de levage (4), un support (12) pour dispositif de suspension monté de façon à pouvoir tourner autour d'un palier rigide d'axe vertical (V) à l'extrémité libre du bras (4), et un dispositif de suspension (10) pour sangle pivotant autour d'un axe horizontal (H). Le dispositif de suspension (10) présente des points d'attache pour sangle espacés l'un de l'autre, situés de part et d'autre de l'axe (H), pour assurer la liaison avec une paire d'attaches de sangles (41) d'un coté de l'axe (H) et la liaison d'une seconde paire d'attaches de sangle (41) du coté opposé de l'axe (H).
Patent BE-782431-A (BE)
Title: Fuel and water emulsions for furnaces - formed by fuel and water vapour passed through porous elements
IPC: D06P1/649
Filed: 1972-04-20
Abstract: Method of forming a fuel/water emulsion e.g. for shaft, esp. blast furnaces, is by passing liqd. fuel in a suitable enclosure and pref. as a thin sheet, immediately adjacent or in contact with a porous material, through which water vapour is blown towards the fuel. The water vapour is blown in proportions of mass, temp and pressure such that it condenses rapidly after reaching the fuel, to form an emulsion.
Patent CA-1048058-A (CA)
Title: 14-oxobicyclo(10.4.0)hexadec-1(12)-ene, 14-oxobicyclo(10.4.0)hexadec-12-ene, 14-oxobicyclo(10.4.0)-hexadecane and processes for their preparation
Inventor: LEMBERG SEYMOUR
IPC: C11B9/00
Filed: 1974-04-08
Granted: 1979-02-06
Abstract: ABSTRACT 14-Oxobicyclo [10.4.0] hexadec-1 (12)-ene (I) which has an extremely strong, sweet musk odor and is useful in the perfume art as an odorant, is prepared by reaction of cyclododecane with morpholine to produce 1-morpholinocyclodo-decene, reaction of this product with methyl vinyl ketone followed by acid hydrolysis to form 2-(3-oxobutyl) cyclodo-decanone, and base-catalyzed cyclization of this diketone to a mixture of (I) and its isomer 14-oxobicyclo[10.4.0] hexadec-12-ene (II) containing less than about 10% of (I).  A product enriched in (I)is obtained by distillation of this mixture in the presence of base, or by ketallization of (I) and (II) followed by hydrolysis.  Hydrogenation of (I) or (II) or hydrogenation of their ketals followed by hydrolysis yields 14-oxobicyclo[10.4.0] hexadecane, which has a musky odor and, like (I) is useful as an odorant.
Patent CA-1039591-A (CA)
Inventor: TAJKOWSKI EDWARD G
IPC: F28F13/18
Filed: 1974-10-10
Granted: 1978-10-03
Abstract: INVENTION:  A TREATED SUBSTRATE FOR THE FORMATION OF DROP-WISE    CONDENSATES AND THE PROCESS FOR PREPARING SAME  INVENTOR:   EDWARD GEORGE TAJKOWSKI     ABSTRACT OF THE INVENTION     A novel treated metal surface for promoting drop-wise condensation and the process for treating same.          The process comprises applying a first solution comprising chromate ions to a metal substrate followed by applying a small water-repellent effective amount of a saturated fluorinated compound selected from carboxylic acids and phosphate esters.
Patent CA-1057454-A (CA)
Inventor: SCHAAR CHARLES H
IPC: A61F13/494
Filed: 1974-11-18
Granted: 1979-07-03
Abstract: Abstract of the Disclosure A diaper having a longitudinal axis, lateral margins, front and back waistline portions with a crotch portion there-between, an inner surface for contact with the wearer and an outer surface.  A longitudinally extending fold is provided on each said of the diaper axis and a portion of the outer surface in the diaper crotch portion adjacent one of the folds is secured to a similarly disposed outer surface portion ad-jacent the other fold.
Patent CA-1067386-A (CA)
Inventor: FONTVIEILLE ANDRE
IPC: B30B5/02
Filed: 1975-01-21
Granted: 1979-12-04
Abstract: TITLE OF THE INVENTION METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FABRICATING                 ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE         The invention concerns a method and a press arrangement in which a panel is compressed between two heated plates of a press, and in which a vacuum is created between the two plates of the press during compression, one of the plates being flexible along one direction, wherein the curved flexible plate is applied to the panel to be pressed so that it contacts the panel on an elongated surface near a generatrix, the air pressure in the press around the panel is gradually lowered while the flexible plate is progressively developed to shape it into planar form, pressure is exerted on more and more surface starting from the surface of initial pressure so as to exert pressure over the entire surface of the flexible plate in order to shape it into planar form when the desired low pressure is attained.
Patent CA-1039282-A (CA)
Inventor: WITTE ERNST-CHRISTIAN
IPC: C07D295/096
Filed: 1975-02-12
Granted: 1978-09-26
Abstract: ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE            New 1-[3-(naphth-1-yloxy)-2-hydroxypropyl]-piperazine derivatives and their process of preparation are provided of the formula:                                    (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable, pharmacologically compatible acid addition salts; the new derivatives possess anti-hypertensive properties.
Patent CA-1047488-A (CA)
Inventor: MORY RUDOLF
IPC: C08L27/00
Filed: 1975-02-26
Granted: 1979-01-30
Abstract: NOVEL AZO PIGMENTS AND PROCESS FOR THEIR MANUFACTURE      Abstract of the Disclosure Azo pigments of the formula                       (1) wherein Q, X, Y and Z represent hydrogen or halogen atoms, alkyl or alkoxy groups of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, aryl or aryloxy groups which can be substituted by halogen atoms or alkyl or alkoxy groups of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and where-in Q and X and Y and Z can also be closed via vicinal car-bon atoms to form an isocyclic ring which are useful for pigmenting printing dyes and high molecular organic material.