Patent GB-1402745-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for automatic measurement of the video signal-to-noise ratio in a television channel
IPC: G01R29/02
Filed: 1972-10-03
Abstract: 1402745 Measuring signal to noise ratios M I KRIVOSHEEV R L MAREIN A A AVSEEVICH and J B ZVEREV 3 Oct 1972 45591/72 Heading G1U A system for measuring the video signal-to-noise ratio in a television channel comprises a circuit 2 for measuring the peak-to-peak amplitude of the video signal, a function generator 12 including a digital squarer 13 and a digital integrator 14 for determining the r.m.s. value of the noise, and a digital display 16 for indicating in decibels the ratio of the peak-to peak amplitude of the video signal to the r.m.s. value of the noise. The video signal is fed from an input 1 to the circuit 2 which includes a variable gain amplifier and to a separator 3 which feeds the synchronizing pulses in the video signal to a control circuit 17. A reference "white" pulse is added to the video signal of the test line containing a "white" pulse and a gating circuit alternately supplies the reference pulse and the video signal pulse via a relay switch 7 to a pulse stretcher 8. A circuit 9 produces two groups of pulses the number of pulses in each group being proportional to the amplitude of the reference pulse and the video signal pulse respectively. If the numbers of pulses in the two groups are not equal a circuit 10 supplies a signal on a lead 28 to alter the gain of the amplifier in the circuit 2. The control circuit 17 receives a signal from the circuit 10 to stop the video signal measurement cycle when the amplitude of the video signal "white" pulse at the output of the amplifier has been adjusted to be equal to the amplitude of the reference "white" pulse. The noise measurement cycle is then begun by feeding the video signal from the circuit 2 to a circuit 4 which separates the noise signal from the video signal, and a gating circuit forms noise packets. The noise packets are amplified and fed through a weighting filter to a pulse amplitude modulator 6. The pulses from the modulator 6 have amplitudes which depend on the magnitude of the instantaneous noise voltage and are supplied to the circuit 9 via the switch 7 and the pulse stretcher 8. A pair of counters in the circuit 10 compares the numbers of pulses in successive groups and the difference number of pulses is gated through to a circuit 11 in which a further gate delivers the pulses to a circuit 13 which squares the number of pulses. The circuit 11 blocks the transmission of pulse groups the number of pulses in which exceeds the previous pulse group by more than a pre-set number thereby preventing errors in the noise measurement due to rapid changes in brightness of the video signal e.g. for a moving picture. A logarithmic circuit 15 and an integrating circuit 14 enable a digital display 16 or a digital printer to indicate the signalto-noise ratio in decibels. The system may be used to monitor remote television channels of satellite, radio-relay and cable communication links and video channels of television stations. The system also enables the measurement of noise in television cameras, television projectors and video tape recorders.