baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-447876-A (GB)
Title: A process for the production of halogenated organic acids
IPC: C07C53/19
Filed: 1935-11-08
Abstract: Halogenated organic acids are produced by oxidizing a halogenated ketone containing at least one halogen atom in an alkyl radical with an oxidizing-agent, e.g. nitric or chromic acid, or potassium permanganate, while rapidly dissipating the thermal energy at a rate at which undesired disruption of the ketone molecule is substantially avoided, and carrying out the reaction in the presence of water and/or a non-oxidizing agent. By adding one reactant, preferably the oxidizing agent such as nitric acid, in disseminated form to the other while well stirring, general decomposition is avoided.  By dilution with water, nitration is reduced, and the addition of a non-oxidizing agent, preferably at the start, prevents hydrolysis. Suitable non-oxidizing agents are acids such as sulphuric, phosphoric, hydrochloric, acetic, propionic, isobutyric, and higher carboxylic acids, and their substitution products, acid-acting salts such as CuSO4, Fe(NO3)3, NaHSO4, and KH2PO4 or, preferably, the halogenated acid being made.  This may be added to the diluted ketone at the start of the reaction or the addition omitted, the concentration of the acid product increasing until sufficient to prevent side reactions for the rest of the process.  Halogenated ketones referred to are mono- or poly-chlor-, brom-, or iodo-substituted aliphatic ketones, or aromatic ketones having an alkyl radical with at least one halogen atom.  A number are specified.  When nitric acid is used to oxidize halogenated aromatic ketones, nitration of the cyclic radical may also occur.  The reaction may be effected in the liquid or vapour phase and as a batch, intermittent, or continuous process.  Thus, the reactants may be introduced simultaneously and the products withdrawn at the same rate.  One or both reagents may be atomized by injection through capillary orifices, or diffusion through sintered glass plates.  The oxidant may be used in the form of hot gas or vapour.  Catalysts, such as salts yielding mercuric, cupric, or ferric ions, may be added. The halogenated acids may be recovered by salting out, extraction, or distillation, and may be hydrolyzed to hydroxy acids. In an example, concentrated nitric acid is blown with air through a capillary tube into a mixture of a -chlorethyl methyl ketone, chlorpropionic acid, and water, kept well stirred and at about 80--100, preferably 88--94 DEG  C.  The product is mainly a -chlor-propionic acid, with some acetic acid and nitro derivatives, probably 1.1.1-dinitro-chlor-ethane.  The re-distilled acid is neutralized with dilute caustic soda, further diluted, and autoclaved for 2 hours at 130 DEG  C. to yield lactic acid.  Monochloracetic acid can be made in analogous manner from monochloracetone or a -, b -dichlor-methyl ethyl ketone, a -brom-isobutyric acid from a -brom-isopropyl methyl ketone, and dichloracetic acid from a -, a  - dichloracetone.  Glycollic and a  - hydroxy isobutyric acids may be prepared from these monohalogenated acids.
Patent GB-262778-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to regulatable resistances
Filed: 1926-12-07
Abstract: 262,778. Siemens & Halske Akt.- Ges. Dec. 8, 1925, [Convention date]. Variable resistances. - A helical wire 2 of platiniridium &c. is arranged in a semi-circle inside a hollow glass ring 1 which can turn about a horizontal axis and contains sufficient mercury to short-circuit the wire when this is at the lowest part of tube. The ends of the wire pass through the walls of the tube at 3, 4 and are connected to the ends 6<1>, 6" of the axle 6 about which the tube turns. The two portions 6<1>, 6<11> of the! axle are separated by an insulating piece 9 and are connected to terminals 12.
Patent GB-754998-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in hydraulic valve-operating mechanism for internal combustion engines
IPC: F01L9/10
Filed: 1954-10-28
Abstract: 754,998. Valve gear. CHAUDE, B. J. A. Oct. 28,. 1954, No. 31179/54. Class 7(6) In a hydraulic valve-operating mechanism comprising a piston pump 8 which forces liquid through a pipe 10 into a pressure chamber 11 to act upon the valve stem 12 to open the valve 3 each valveoperating pumping stroke of the piston 8 is succeeded by a non-operative pumping stroke in which liquid is circulated through the pipe 10, chamber 11 and a return pipe 14 back to a reservoir, whereby the liquid in the chamber 11 is constantly changed. In a four stroke engine the piston 8 is actuated by a cam 19 on the crankshaft 5, the pump inlet 15 being connected through a non-return valve 17 to the engine oil sump. The return pipe 14 contains a valve 20, rotating at half crankshaft speed, which opens the pipe 14 on alternate pumping strokes to return the oil forced through the pipe 10 back to the sump 6. In a modification the valve 20 is formed by a hollow ignition cam shaft and in a two-stroke engine the pump 8 is operated by a cam shaft rotating at twice crankshaft speed, the valve 20 rotating at crankshaft speed.
Patent GB-281288-A (GB)
Title: Process for extracting ammonia from gases, more particularly from coke-oven gas
IPC: C10K1/04
Filed: 1927-11-21
Abstract: 281,288. Ges. f³r Linde's Eismaschinen Akt.-Ges. Nov. 27, 1926, [Convention date] . Condensing and washing processes.-Coke oven &c. gases from which tar and dust have been removed, are compressed and cooled to about normal temperature after separation of naphthalene in liquid form at 40 to 50‹ C. together with ammonia water that separates out during compression. While the cooling is continued to about 0‹ C. the gases are washed with a small quantity of fresh water in counter current. The pressure and temperature of the gases are utilized in further processes involving compression and cooling; in an example the gases are compressed to 4 atmospheres and passed at about 140‹ C. through a coil in a column 2 and then through a water cooler 3 in which the temperature falls from 105‹ to 50‹ C. Naphthalene is continuously discharged as liquid through a valve 5 and dilute ammonia liquor passes into the gas stream entering a parallel-flow washer 6. A 10 per cent ammonia solution collects in a separator 7 and the gas at about 15‹ C. passes into a counterflow washer 9 receiving a small quantity of water through a valve 8. Residual ammonia is removed and the gas at about 2‹ is further cooled to about 20<0> in a counterflow cooler 10 as described in Specification 275,633 for removing benzol. It passes through a separator 11 to an expansion cylinder 12 and then at 60‹ through the cooler 10. It is then fed through coolers 9, 6, mixed with water introduced through valves 14, 15 leaving the cooler 6 at 40‹-50‹. The ammonia liquor from the separator 7 is heated in the column 2 and evolves ammonia gas, carbonic acid and hydrogen sulphide. Specification 258,856 is referred to.
Patent GB-226035-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to loose leaf binders
IPC: B42F13/04
Filed: 1923-12-13
Abstract: 226,035. Carver, E. A. Dec. 13, 1923. Flexible-band files; clamping-devices. - In a loose-leaf binder of the thong type, the ends of the thongs are attached to a cross-bar c by folding each thong back on itself to form a loop, and introducing the double portion into the channel between the sides of the bar through an aperture c<1>, a short wire e<1> having bent extremities being inserted through the loop to prevent it from passing through the aperture. The thongs may be additionally secured by rivets e, or by stitching the folded parts together. The cross-bar is operated by a screw f housed in a tapped block f', which is secured by rivets f<2>, and the binder covers are hinged to the clamping-bars by loop members h engaging slotted lugs g.
Patent GB-1280677-A (GB)
Title: Article designating and identification system
IPC: G06K7/10
Filed: 1969-06-20
Abstract: 1280677 Sensing records RCA CORPORATION 20 June 1969 [27 June 1968] 31338/69 Heading G4M A code comprising cells of first and second light reflecting properties is scanned to provide a read-back signal which includes first and second levels corresponding to the reflecting properties, and a detector responds to transitions between the levels in either sense to provide timing or information signals. Label, Fig. 2.-In the preferred embodiment each bit cell comprises a pair of concentric rings of different reflectance, the transition in the centre of the cell, e.g. black/white or white/ black, denoting the value of the corresponding binary digit. In another embodiment, each cell comprises a ring having one of two widths with adjacent contrasting rings on each side. Alternatively different reflectances may represent different bits. System, Fig. 1.-A laser beam is scanned across a label on the bottom of an article 16 by a rotating faceted mirror 32. Differential amplifiers 58, 72 compare the output of photomultiplier 42 with the same signal delayed at 52 to detect positive and negative transitions. Gates 86, 94 and one-shot 88 extract the significant transitions so that the data is shifted into register 96. Counter 98 transfers the reverse order complement of the data in register 96 to register 102 at the end of the inward scan of the label, and the data read during the following outward scan and shifted into register 96 is compared at 104 before transfer to a decoder 108 and computer 110 can take place. The computer adds prices corresponding to articles identified by the labels and maintains a current stock inventory. Circuit 112 clears counter 98 and registers 96, 102 if extra wide pulses are detected in response to scans which do not pass through the central area of the label or in response to scanning of spurious marks on the label.
Patent GB-360630-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to thermionic amplifiers
IPC: H01J31/04
Filed: 1930-10-20
Abstract: 360,630. Valve amplifying circuits. MARCONI'S WIRELESS TELEGRAPH CO., Ltd., Marconi House, Strand, London. - (Assignees of Hansell, C. W. ; Port Jefferson, Long Island, New York, U.S.A.) Oct. 20, 1930, No. 31442. Convention date, Oct. 18, 1929. [Classes 39 (i) and 40 (v).] A thermionic valve designed to eliminate valve noise due to variation in filament emission comprises two anodes spaced equidistant from the cathode, one or more electron-deflecting control electrodes and a screening grid. As shown, the valve comprises three insulating portions 5, 6, 7 connected by metal tubes 11, 12. To the portion 5 are attached the filament 8 and a pair of electron-deflecting control electrodes 13, 13<1> extending into the metal tube 12, and not more than half a wavelength long at the frequency to be amplified. A screening grid 10 is attached to the tube 11, to which is fixed an external screen 14 provided with fixing holes 15. A pair of anodes 9, 9<1>, equidistant from the filament 8, are attached to the portion 7. In use, as a highfrequency amplifier, incoming oscillations from a circuit I are transferred to a tuned centre-tapped coil 1, whose ends are connected to the control electrodes, and the centre tapping to the earthed biasing battery C, additional bias for the tube 12, which concentrates the electron stream, being provided by battery E. The screen 14, tube 11, and grid 10 are raised to a positive potential by a battery D, an additional potential being supplied from battery B to the anodes 9, 9<1> through the centre tapping of a tuned coil 3 coupled to the output circuit O. Impulses applied to the electrodes 13, 13<1> swing the electron stream from one anode to the other at signal frequency, and corresponding impulses pass to the circuit 0, whilst variations in space current cancel out in the two halves of the coil 3 and produce no effect in the output circuit.
Patent GB-751358-A (GB)
Title: A process and apparatus for printing a design in colour multiples on agents such as currency paper
Inventor: BEAUNE SERGE VIRGILE
IPC: B41F9/02
Filed: 1953-11-13
Abstract: 751,358. Printing processes and apparatus. SOC. DES PROCEDES SERGE BEAUNE. Nov. 13, 1953, No. 31585/53. Class 100 (2). [Also in Groups XIII and XV] Rotary offset machines; multi-colour printing; inking-apparatus; drying-apparatus.-A process for printing a design in multiple colours on bases such as currency papers from several engraved polychrome components comprises the steps of copper-plate engraving each component, each component being inked with a primary colour relating to each component and with derived or weaker colours, wiping the component to leave ink only in the etched lines, and transferring the components successively on to the base so that a reproduction is finally obtained in which the primary and derived colours remain separately visible between the interlines of the reproduced design. Printing on a paper strip S is performed in succession by the elements A, B, C for yellow, red and blue. Each element comprises a cylinder 1 on which is the engraved plate, inking rollers 2 covered with a layer of plastic material cut off in sections each correspondng to a band of inking, as described in Specification 610,943, a cleaning cylinder 4 dipping into a vessel of dissolvent 5, and a cylinder 9 fitted with a lining of elastic plastic material for transferring the impression to the paper S. The three colours of ink used for each element are: A-primary yellow, cadmium lemon, Indian yellow; B-primary red, cadmium red, purple madder; C-primary blue, ultramarine, greenish-blue. Roller brushes 6 remove ink from the roller 4, and the wiping off is completed by a rubber blade 7, the liquid falling back into the vessel 5. The paper is pressed against the cylinder 9 by a gripping cylinder 10 of ground and polished steel, and is guided by rollers 14 and tensioned by pivoted forks 16, registration for each impression being effected by electronic devices 17. The inks are dried between each impression by infra-red heating tubes 12, and tubes 13 radiating ultra-violet rays producing an increase in the oxygen content of the air. In the element C, the paper is parted directly from the plate. Specification 334,183, [Class 100 (ii)], is referred to.
Patent GB-505784-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the production of sliver, yarn and the like from glass or like fibres
IPC: D02G3/18
Filed: 1937-11-17
Abstract: 505,784. Slivers, yarns, &c. of glass &c. fibres. NAAMLOOZE VENNOOTSCHAP MAATSCHAPPIJ TOT' BEHEER EN EX. PLOITATIE VAN OCTROOIEN. Nov. 17, 1937, Nos. 31602 and 31603. Convention dates Nov. 17, 1936 and March 18, 1937. [Classes 120 (ii) and 120 (iii)] In a device for producing slivers or yarns from glass and like fibres comprising a movable support on which the fibres are deposited in the form of a fibrous web which is gathered together and continuously withdrawn from the support as a band and fed to a winding device, the support consists of a rigid rotating body revolving at regulable speed, e.g. a revolving drum 3, Fig. 1, the shell of which constitutes the surface of deposition for the fibres, or a disc 13, Fig. 3. The fibres 2 fall on to the surface of the slowly revolving drum 3 and form a web 4 which is drawn off as a band or sliver 5 and wound up at 6. To cause the fibres to adhere thereto a suction is maintained inwardly through perforations 12 in the drum 3. If desired the operative area may be limited by an internal shell 7 having a slot 8. The disc 13, Fig. 3, is also perforated at 12 and is mounted above a suction chamber 17, the suction effect being masked by a disc 18 except for the part 19 above which, the fibres rare deposited. The fibres are collected through a funnel 14 and formed into a sliver 5. The drum 3 may alternatively be formed as a truncated cone, the fibres being withdrawn in the axial direction at the smaller end. In a further modification, the fibres are collected in a conical hollow drum 3, Fig. 6, and withdrawn through the lower end.
Patent GB-209551-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to petrol and other cans
IPC: B65D25/48
Filed: 1922-11-20
Abstract: 209,551. Melmore, W. M. Nov. 20, 1922. Spouts.-A detach. able pouring spout for petrol or like tins is provided with means enabling it to fit tightly, internally or externally threaded openings of varying size. The means shown in Fig. 1 comprises an indiarubber band 2 adapted to be compressed, to engage the opening, by a sliding washer 4 forced downwardly by the actuation of a pivoted lever 5, the lower edge of. the band bedding on a flange 3 at the lower edgeof the spout. In the form of spout shown in Fig. 7 a supplementary indiarubber band 9 is arranged between the washer 4 and a second washer 10 separating it from the band 2, to permit full downward movement of the lever in cases where complete distortion of band 2 is not permitted by the construction of the opening. Additional adjustment of the rubber band or bands may be attained by means such as springs, or by means of a screw collar. The spouts are provided with an air tube 8.
Patent GB-324673-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in apparatus for sound recording and reproduction
IPC: G11B7/00
Filed: 1928-10-31
Abstract: 324,673. Robertson, J. R., and Vielle, J. Oct. 31, 1928. Optical apparatus. - In sound recording or reproducing apparatus wherein a strip or band record a travels past a light slit c in a plate d, a vacuum is created on that side of the record which is towards the slit, whereby the record is held against the plate and dust is drawn away from the slit. As shown in Figs. 1, 2, passages f, g leading from the faces of side cheeks d<1> on the plate and from the recess h behind the slit, communicate by passages e and pipes i with a vacuum pump k. The recess h is closed at the back by a sheet l of glass. In the form shown in Fig. 4, the plate is hollow and slots p are formed on both sides of the light slit. Pipes s, u leading from a vacuum pump communicate with the interior of the plate and with the recess behind the slit. An auxiliary slot t, provided on both sides with velvet or like strips w for wiping the record, is provided, so that the record is drawn against the plate before reaching the first slot p.
Patent GB-1149032-A (GB)
Title: Curable compositions
IPC: C08C19/25
Filed: 1966-07-14
Abstract: 1,149,032. Diolefin polymers containing organosilyl groups. GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. 14 July, 1966 [26 Aug., 1965], No. 31749/66. Heading C3P. [Also in Division B2] A homopolymer or copolymer with styrene or acrylonitrile of a diolefin of the formula where T is H, Cl or CH 3 , which homopolymer may contain hydroxyl, C 3-10  alkenyl or cycloalkenyl radicals linked by an ether, urethane or carbonate linkage, has chemically combined units of the formula where V is a halogen atom, alkoxy, hydrocarbon or halogenohydrocarbon radical and G is a hydrolysable monovalent acyloxy, ketoximato or aminoxy group, and a is 0, 1 or 2. The polymers may be cured by exposure to moisture and may be compounded prior to curing with curing accelerators, fillers, reinforcing materials, pigments, heat stabilizers, and plasticizers. In the Examples, (1) an 80% butadiene-20% styrene copolymer is treated with diacetoxymethylsilane in the presence of Pt-ethylene and allowed to cure, (2) polybutadiene is treated with diacetoxymethylsilane, in the presence of Pt-ethylene, mixed with carbon black, stannous octoate, poured on to a tin plate and allowed to cure, (3) polybutadiene containing hydroxy groups is treated with allyl chloroformate and pyridine followed by dimethoxymethyl silane, in the presence of Pt-ethylene, and then diethylhydroxylamine, poured on to a tin plate and allowed to cure, (4) polybutadiene containing some hydroxyl groups is reacted with allyl isocyanate in the presence of dibutyl tin dilaurate, followed by diacetoxymethylsilane, in the presence of Pt-ethylene, and the resulting polymer mixed with stannous octoate, poured on a plate and allowed to cure, and (5) an 85% butadiene-15% acrylonitrile copolymer having hydroxy groups is reacted with allyl isocyanate in the presence of dibutyl tin dilaurate, followed by diacetoxymethylsilane, in the presence of Pt-ethylene, the product poured on to a tin plate and allowed to cure.
Patent GB-1047777-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in pneumatic tyres for automobiles
IPC: B63B34/56
Filed: 1963-08-12
Abstract: 1,047,777. Pneumatic tyres. COMPAGNIE GENERALE DES ESTABLISSMENTS MICHELIN RAISON SOCIALE " MICHELIN ET CIE ". Aug. 12, 1963 [Sept. 3, 1962], No. 31764/63. Heading B7C. A pneumatic tyre is provided with a tread reinforcement extending over substantially the whole axial width of the tread and imparting to the tread a transverse rigidity which differs on opposite sides of the midcircumferential plane of the tyre. The reinforcement may comprise a number of superimposed plies of parallel cords. The number of plies may differ on opposite sides A<SP>1</SP>B<SP>1</SP>, B<SP>1</SP>C<SP>1</SP> of the midcircumferential plane X-X to provide the difference in transverse rigidity. Alternatively, the cords in the region A<SP>1</SP>B<SP>1</SP> may be of rayon while those in the region B<SP>1</SP>C<SP>1</SP> may be steel cables; or the angle made with the midcircumferential plane X-X by the cords of each ply may be larger in the region A<SP>1</SP>B<SP>1</SP> than in the region B<SP>1</SP>C<SP>1</SP>, thus providing the greater rigidity in the region B<SP>1</SP>C<SP>1</SP>. In a further embodiment, Fig. 7, a single ply of an elastomer tapers in radial thickness across the axial width of the tread to give greater rigidity in the region A<SP>1</SP>B<SP>1</SP>.
Patent GB-286801-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in hat and like cases
IPC: A45C11/02
Filed: 1926-12-15
Abstract: 286,801. Lansdowne, A. Dec. 15, 1926. Hat boxes and cases. - The side walls of a hat box are fitted with means for holding hats in place by the edges of the brim, and means are provided on the underside of the cover for holding a flat hat. The holding means for the sides of the case comprise for hard hats two sheet metal slides b suitably spaced apart, each slide being associated with a spring c for engaging the brim of a hat and pressing it against the slide and either a bowed spring d, secured to the slide at one end, or coiled springs for holding the brim against endwise movement. The slides and springs may be covered with leather or velvet. For soft hats the slides have enclosed pads e, Fig. 2, of rubber sponge to press the hat brim against the side of the box. On the cover a pair of pivoted hookended arms h and a pair of fixed hooks k are provided to hold a flat hat. A strap-and-buckle or a pocket f for a cap may be provided on one side of the case, and at hat-brush strap g may be provided.
Patent GB-511597-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to gas turbine driven blowers
IPC: F04D25/02
Filed: 1937-11-19
Abstract: 511,597. Elastic-fluid turbines; centrifugal blowers. BUCHI, A. Nov. 19, 1937, No. 31850. Convention date, Nov. 24, 1936. [Classes 110 (i) and 110 (iii] In a turbine-driven blower, the rotor 1 and impeller 6 are connected by a hollow shaft 7 surrounding a stub member 11 supported from outside and carrying the bearings 12, 13 for the central shaft 14 connected to the rotor 1. An additional bearing 15 with radial play functions only when the rotor does not run true. The shaft 14 is hollow for cooling medium supplied through pipe 18 from a pump 17 driven by belt and worm gearing from shaft 14. The rotor may be driven by exhaust gases from an internal-combustion engine and the blower provide air to the cylinders. The cooling system may be independent or combined with that of the turbine or the engine. The bearings 12, 13 may be roller bearings and the bearing 15 a plain bearing with clearance. The shaft 14 may be dispensed with and a sleeve member, carrying one or more of the bearings, may be placed between shaft 7 and member 11, the cooling medium circulating through member 11. The blower may be multistage.