Patent GB-1127313-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to double beam spectrometers
Inventor: HASWELL RONALD
IPC: G01J3/42
Filed: 1964-10-08
Abstract: 1,127,313. Photo-electric spectrometers. SIR HOWARD GRUBB PARSONS & CO. Ltd. Sept. 29, 1965 [Oct. 8, 1964], No. 41159/64. Heading G1A. In a double beam spectrometer, during a selected wavelength or wavenumber scan, any difference in the energies of the sample and reference beams paths is detected to produce electrical pulses of constant amplitude, having a polarity dependent on the relative energies of the two paths, the pulses being used to restore energy balance between the two paths. As the scan proceeds, the difference between the summation of all positive pulses and the summation of all negative pulses generated is recorded as a function of wavelength or wavenumber. Radiation from a source 1 is directed towards a sample, the transmission spectrum of which is to be obtained, and the radiation emitted by the sample passed to a rotating chopper 4. The reference beam 3 is also directed to the chopper 4, which passes the reference and test beams 3, 2 alternately to a monochromotor 5. This includes a slowly rotating wavelength selection device e.g. a prism or grating, so that a spectrum is traversed across the monochromotor output slit. The radiation is detected at 6 to produce an approximately sinusoidal electrical signal. This signal is used to control the movement in or out of the reference beam 3 of an attenuator 7 in order to equalize the intensities of reference and test beams. The variable attenuator 8 in the test path is used for the initial equalizing of the beam intensities before test. The detector output signal is passed to a voltage amplifying transformer 9 and then to amplifier 10 incorporating a synchronous rectifier, supplied by the reference generator 17 which is coupled to the chopper driving motor 16. The output signal from amplifier 10 is a D. C. voltage which may be positive when, for example, the reference beam intensity is higher than the test beam intensity and negative when it is lower. The D.C. signal is then chopped, at a frequency which is a multiple of the reference generator frequency, by a multiplier 11 and the resulting pulses fed to a separator circuit 12 in which any positive pulses are guided to one channel for transmission to a logic unit 13, and negative pulses are inverted and fed to the unit 13 through a separate channel. The logic circuit acts to control rotation of a stepping motor, which through gear-box 15 moves the attenuator 7 in discrete steps, in a clockwise or anti-clockwise direction, depending on the polarity of the pulses being transmitted to it. The movement of the attenuator is always to balance the intensities of the two beams. The numbers of negative and positive pulses produced between positions of balance can be counted, for example by a multi-channel binary counter, feeding a paper tape punch, which forms a record for storage, digital processing or automatic conversion into a graphical record. The pulses can feed a motor controlling a pen recorder, in which case a step drive for the monochromotor prism or grating rotation may be used. Pulse counts at successive wavelength steps may be taken, allowing determination of the area under a chosen part of the spectrum curve. Movement of the attenuator itself may be monitored.