Patent GB-1370253-A (GB)
Title: Method of brazing
IPC: B23K35/22
Filed: 1972-04-20
Abstract: 1370253 Brazing ROLLS-ROYCE (1971) Ltd 11 April 1973 [20 April 1972] 18351/72 Heading B3R [Also in Division B2] In protecting a surface of a metal from contamination by products of a subsequent brazing operation, said surface is coated with at least one layer of a composition comprising a mixture of an organophilic cation-modified clay and one or more volatile organic vehicles, substantially all of said vehicle(s) being removed from said coating, prior to said brazing operation, to leave a film of said clay on said surface. The composition may also contain one or more dry-filmforming, adhesive, non-volatile, organic substances, one or more covering-power improving, dry-film-forming, filling, non-volatile, simple or complex, refractory oxides, and coveragewitnessing, oil soluble dye. The ratio of said clay to non-volatile organic substance may be 1 : 1 to 1: 4. A preferred composition has 200 grams of said clay perlitre of volatile organic vehicle. The composition may include titanium dioxide and zirconium silicate. The Specification refers to low and intermediate temperature brazing at 600-900‹ C. by torch or induction heating in air and high temperature brazing above 900‹ C. in a furnace with hydrogen or vacuum atmospheres. Organophilic cation-modified clay is defined as a clay modified by covering the greater part of the surface of the particles thereof with alkyl or aryl organic radicals coupled to the clay ionically by means of an onium base. Said clay may be produced by converting the organic bases to the salts formed by the addition of an acid, such as hydrochloric or acetic, dissolved in water, and added the selected onium compounds to an aqueous clay dispersion. An organophilic cation-modified clay may be one obtained by reacting a clay, in which at least some of the exchangeable ions, other than sodium, have been replaced by sodium ions, with an onium compound. Clays used in the preparation of said organophilic cation-modified clay are preferably those which originally exhibit a base exchange capacity of at.least 40 millilitres per 100 grams of the clay, e.g. the bentonite group composed principally of minerals of the montmorillonite group (including moritmorillonite, hectorite, saponite, montronite). Examples of organophilic cation-modified clays are dimethyldioctadecyl ammonium montmorillonite, dodecylamine montmorillonite, dimethyldioctadecyl ammonium hectorite, and zeolitic clay. Said volatile liquid organic vehicle preferably has a low boiling point (under 100‹ C. at atmospheric pressure), e.g. aliphatic and alicyclic compounds such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, methyl acetate, butyl chloride, trichloroethylene, 1 : 1 : 1 trichloroethane, acetane and cyclohexane, and aromatic compounds such as benzene and petroleum naphtha, or a medium boiling point (100-150‹ C. at atmospheric pressure), e.g. n-amyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, n-butyl acetate, cyclohexane, toluene, xylenes, monochlorobenzenes, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol. High boiling point vehicles include acetonyl acetonate, butyl butyrate, benzyl alcohol.  Said adhesive non-volatile organic substance may be an acrylic resin, conveniently in an organic solvent.  The composition may comprise, by weight, 2-50 parts organophilic cation-modified clay, 50-300 parts volatile organic vehicle, 0-50 parts non-volatile organic substance, 0-50 parts non-volatile refractory oxide. The film of the dried coating should be not less than 5, and preferably 15-40, microns thickness. The coating may be applied by painting, spraying or dipping, and there may be more than one coat. In preparing the compositions, the organophilic cation-modified clay is milled with the dye (if used), the non-volatile refractory oxide (if used) and three-fifths of the volatile liquid organic vehicle in a stainless steel ball mill for 4 hours. The mixture is then diluted with the remaining volatile liquid organic vehicle and the adhesive non-volatile organic substance (if used), and milled further for ¢ hour. In examples of tests, workpieces include 18% Cr, 8% Ni steel, nickel based alloys, cast nickel based alloy containing 16% Cr, 10% Co, 8% Mo, 4% Al, and 3¢% Ti, and steel containing C, Mn, B, Mo. Workpiece preparation is by paraffin washing, degreasing with triohlorethylene vapour, and paint stripping. The coating is dried in air (10 minutes). The brazing operation may comprise (i) application of a suspension of brazing alloy powder (by hypodermic syringe) heating in a vacuum furnace, in the range of 1050-1120‹ C., for 10 minutes, under 5 Î 10<SP>-4</SP> mm. mercury, and cooling under vacuum, below 960‹ C., with nitrogen gas, (ii) said application of brazing alloy powder, application of flux over said brazing alloy and the protective coating, heating in a hydrogen retort furnace at 1120‹ C. for 10 minutes, and cooling first in hydrogen to 150‹ C. and then in nitrogen to room temperature, and (iii) heating the uncoated surface with an oxy-coal gas torch, melting flux (potassium fluoro-silicate/potassium fluoro-borate) on to said surface, feeding a brazing alloy rod into the flame and on to said surface, and, after cooling, removing the flux by immersion in phosphoric acid/wetting agent mixture at 60‹ C. or in boiling water. The clay film may be removed, after brazing, as by abrasion, e.g. sand or vapour blasting.