baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20070026000-A (KR)
Title: Manufacturable and inspectable microcircuit cooling for blades
Inventor: CUNHA FRANK
IPC: F01D5/14
Filed: 2006-08-07
Abstract: A manufacturable and inspectable micro circuit cooling for a blade is provided to easily manufacture an improved and complex cooling micro circuit with superior accessibility, excellent inspectability, and improved casting yields. A method for manufacturing a turbine engine component comprises a first step of forming a first half portion(12) of an air foil portion(10) of the turbine engine component; and a second step of forming a plurality of cooling micro circuits having at least one passageway on an exposed internal wall surface(20) of the first half portion of the air foil portion. In the second step, the cooling micro circuits are formed by casting a plurality of elements forming at least one passageway.
Patent KR-20080014230-A (KR)
Title: An supporting system of parking release for automatic transmission
Inventor: LEE JOO HANG
IPC: F16H63/00
Filed: 2006-08-10
Abstract: An auxiliary parking release system of an automatic transmission is provided to operate a select lever by using oil pressure of a brake as auxiliary operating pressure. A connective member(36) for operating a shift cable(34) is fixed to a hinge part(32) of a select lever(30) of an automatic transmission by using a hinge. A free end part is connected to the shaft cable. An oil pressure cylinder(38) is arranged at the free end part of the connective member in order to be extended in R, N, and D range directions. The oil pressure cylinder is connected to an oil pressure line of a brake system. A two-way solenoid valve(40) is arranged on a path for connecting the oil pressure cylinder and the brake system to each other. The two-way solenoid valve is controlled by using an engine control unit.
Patent KR-20070018744-A (KR)
IPC: C08L23/10
Filed: 2006-08-10
Abstract: 성형시 또는 성형 후 냄새 및 개스(gas) 발생이 극미하고, 내충격성과 인장강도 등의 기계적 물성이 우수한 저취성 고성능 프로필렌계 장섬유 강화 조성물과 이를 이용하여 제조된 저취성 자동차용 및 전자/산업용 성형품을 개시한다. 상기 저취성 고성능 프로필렌계 장섬유 강화 조성물은 3 내지 100mm의 평균길이 및 0.3 내지 30㎛의 평균직경을 가지는 장섬유 강화재 5 내지 85중량% 및; 표면 또는 내부에 미세한 공극을 지닌 미세공 구조체 및 프로필렌 수지로 이루어진 저취성 프로필렌계 수지 15 내지 95중량%를 포함한다. 여기서, 상기 미세공 구조체는 100m 2 /g 내지 100,000m 2 /g의 비표면적을 가지며, 상기 미세공 구조체의 함량은 저취성 프로필렌계 수지 총 함량에 대하여 0.01 내지 12중량%이다.  
     미세공 구조체, 저취성, 충격강도, 강성, 장섬유 강화재, 프로필렌 수지,  활성탄소
Patent KR-20060097100-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM KWAN TAE
IPC: F16B25/00
Filed: 2006-08-24
Abstract: 본 발명은 몸통부(3)를 측면상에서 볼 때 삼각형상이 되도록 구성한 스크류(1)를 작은 힘으로 체결하기만 하면 스크류(1)의 나사산(4)에 의해 체결공(11)에 암나사가 형성되고, 체결 후 스크류(1)의 풀림이 방지되도록 한 삼각형상의 몸통부(3)를 갖는 스크류(1)를 제공코자 하는 것이다. 
     즉, 본 발명은 머리부(2)와 체결축(5) 바깥쪽 둘레에 축방향으로 나선형의 나사산(4)이 형성된 몸통부(3)로 이루어진 스크류(1)에 있어서, 상기 스크류(1)가 체결되는 대상물(10)의 체결공(11)에 별도의 암나사를 탭핑하지 않아도 작은 힘만으로 스크류(1)를 회전시키면 강제 결합되도록 나사산(4)과 체결축(5)이 일체로 형성된 몸통부(3)를 측면상에서 볼 때 삼각형상으로 구성한 것을 특징으로 한다. 
     상술한 본 발명은 원형이던 종래 스크류(1)보다 체결공(11)의 내면과의 접촉면적이 현저히 좁아져 마찰응력이 극감함으로 작은 힘으로 스크류(1)를 회전시키더라도 별도의 암나사를 탭핑하지 않은 대상물(10)의 체결공(11)에 체결되면서 암나사를 생성시키고, 체결 작업이 용이하여 작업자의 피로감과 작업에 소요되는 시간을 현저히 줄이며, 절삭분의 생성을 경감시키며, 체결 후 진동이나 충격 등의 외력에 의한 스크류(1)의 풀림이 방지되며, 시간적으로나 경제적으로 매우 효율적인 작업을 행할 수 있는 등 다수의 효과를 기대할 수 있는 것이다. 
       
     삼각, 스크류, 머리부, 몸통부, 나사산, 체결축, 대상물, 체결공
Patent KR-20070035416-A (KR)
IPC: H01L21/31
Filed: 2006-08-31
Abstract: 도포 시스템(1)은, 처리 유닛군(2), 인덱서(3) 및 멀티 반송 로봇(4)을 구비하고, 처리 유닛군(2)은, 유기 EL 테이프 유닛(26), 유기 EL 도포 유닛(24), 및, 유기 EL 베이크 유닛(25)을 포함한다.  도포 시스템(1)에서는, 처리 유닛군(2)에서, 유기 EL 테이프 유닛(26)에 의해 기판의 도포 금지 영역에 제2 마스킹 테이프가 접착되고, 유기 EL 도포 유닛(24)에 의해 도포 금지 영역을 포함하는 기판상의 영역에 유기 EL액이 도포된다.  그리고, 유동성 재료 제거 유닛인 유기 EL 테이프 유닛(26)에 의해 제2 마스킹 테이프가 박리(剝離)됨으로써, 도포 영역에만 유기 EL액이 도포된 기판을 용이하게 얻을 수 있다.  그 후, 유기 EL 베이크 유닛(25)에 의해 기판에 대한 가열 처리가 행해짐으로써, 유기 EL액이 기판상에 정착하여 유기 EL층이 형성된다.
Patent KR-20060101373-A (KR)
Inventor: BAE HEUNG KYUNG
IPC: E02D17/20
Filed: 2006-09-04
Abstract: 본 발명은 자연적인 비탈면이나 도로, 철도, 제방 등의 조성을 통해 인위적으로 발생한 비탈면의 지반붕괴를 막기 위해 축조되는 견치블록에 있어서, 조립식으로 시공할 수 있도록 상하로 삽입부와 삽입홈이 형성되고, 높은 지지력을 가짐으로써 지반의 붕괴를 방지하며, 충분한 공간의 식생부를 가지는 견치블록 및 이를 이용한 견치블록의 축조방법에 관한 것으로서, 본 발명에 대해 대략 설명하면, 견치블록의 일면은 표면을 형성하는 전면부를 형성하고, 타면은 토사와 접하는 후면부를 형성하며, 상기 전면부의 후방으로는 식생 가능한 일정 깊이의 홈에 좌우측면과 상부가 개방된 식생부를 포함한다. 
     이때, 상기 식생부 후방으로는 좌우측면과 상부가 개방되어 형성된 다수개의 상부삽입홈과, 이에 의해 각 상부삽입홈 전후방으로 돌출되는 상부돌출부가 형성되며, 상기 견치블록의 하부로 각 상부삽입홈과 동일한 갯수와 간격으로 돌출된 하부삽입부와, 이에 의해 하부삽입부 사이로 좌우측면과 하부가 개방된 하부끼움홈이 형성되며, 상기 후면부와 식생부 사이 및 하부끼움홈과 식생부 사이로는 일정공간이 관통된 홈이 형성된다. 
     이와 같이 형성된 식생공간을 포함하는 견치블록은 지반에 타설된 기초콘크리트 위에 견치블록을 계단식으로 차례로 적층하고, 후면은 토사로 다짐한 후 상부 를 마무리하는 방법으로 축조되는데, 이때, 상기 다수층으로 적층된 견치블록의 식생부의 하부에 모르타르를 타설함으로써, 각 견치블록이 상하좌우로 일체로 형성되어 비탈면을 지지한다. 
     그리고 상기 견치블록이 일정높이 이상 적층되면 견치블록의 후면부 쪽에 견치블록을 지지하는 지지용블록을 지지봉으로 연결함으로써, 토사와 함께 견치블록을 지지하여 견치블록의 지지력을 더욱 증대시킬 수 있다. 
     이렇게 형성된 식생공간을 포함하는 견치블록은, 지반정리 및 기초콘크리트 타설단계(S1); 최하단 블록 설치단계(S2); 토사 채움 및 다짐단계(S3); 블록 다단설치단계(S4); 지지용블록 연결단계(S5); 식생부 모르타르 타설단계(S6); 반복수행단계(S7); 블록상부 마무리 및 식생부 채움단계(S8)를 통해 축조하는데, 상기 지지용블록 연결단계(S5)는 견치블록(10)의 축조높이가 낮을 때는 생략이 가능하다. 
     이와 같이 본 발명은, 조립식으로 간편하게 축조할 수 있고, 충분한 식생공간을 통해 견치블록의 전면부가 식물로 덮여짐으로써, 친환경적인 미관을 형성할 수 있으며, 관통홈을 통해 식생부와 토사 사이로 수분이나 생물이 순환한다. 
     또한, 본 발명은 비탈면에 식생부 만큼 물러나는 계단식으로 경사를 주어 식생부 폭의 조절을 통해 비탈면의 경사를 조절하고, 식생부에 모르타르를 타설하여  견치블록을 좌우방향과 상하방향으로 일체로 형성하여 충분한 지지력과 안정성을 가지며, 견치블록의 축조높이가 높을 때, 지지봉을 이용하여 견치블록을 지지함으로써, 견치블록의 지지력을 더욱 향상시킨다 
       
     비탈면, 토사, 견치블록, 식생부, 지지용블록
Patent KR-20080022351-A (KR)
Title: Electron emission device
Inventor: HAN SAM IL
IPC: H01J1/30
Filed: 2006-09-06
Abstract: An electron emission device is provided to improve electron emission uniformity by forming a resistor layer on a cathode electrode. An electron emission device includes a substrate(2), a cathode electrode(6), plural electron emitters(12), a gate electrode(10), and a first insulation layer(8). The cathode electrode is formed on the substrate. The electron emitters are electrically connected to the cathode electrode. The gate electrode is arranged on the cathode electrode. The first insulation layer is arranged between the cathode and gate electrodes. The gate electrode includes an opening, which corresponds to plural electron emitters. The first insulation layer includes an opening, which is connected to the opening of the gate electrode.
Patent KR-20080023502-A (KR)
Title: Adhesive composition for polyester having the excellent transmittance
Inventor: HWANG JEOUNG JUN
IPC: C09J127/12
Filed: 2006-09-11
Abstract: An adhesive composition for polyester is provided to improve light transmittance by preventing the phase separation of solvents and to enhance chemical resistance. An adhesive composition for polyester comprises 100 parts by weight of a solvent composition which comprises 2-98 wt% of trichloroethane, o-chlorophenol or their mixture, and 2-98 wt% of hexafluoroisopropanol, tetrafluoro acetic acid or their mixture; 5-30 parts by weight of polyester. Preferably the polyester is noncrystalline and has an intrinsic viscosity of 0.55-0.85 dl/g.
Patent KR-20080028565-A (KR)
Title: Liquid crystal display panel
Inventor: KIM JAE HYUN
IPC: G02F1/1343
Filed: 2006-09-27
Abstract: An LCD(Liquid Crystal Display) panel is provided to control the array direction of liquid crystal molecules within a liquid crystal layer according to the array direction of branch electrodes. A pixel electrode is formed on the first substrate and includes plural sub electrodes(181,182) for partitioning each unit pixel into plural domains. The first substrate includes plural branch electrodes extended from a body electrode(184) among the plural sub electrodes. The second substrate includes a common electrode and is combined with the first substrate. The common electrode has a hole corresponding to the center of each domain. A liquid crystal layer is interposed between the first and second substrates. The branch electrodes are formed with the same width. The body electrode is formed at the center of the domain and the branch electrodes are radially arrayed with the body electrode as the center. The first substrate includes lower and upper storage electrodes for forming a storage capacitor and overlapped within a unit pixel.
Patent KR-20070061320-A (KR)
Title: System for managing power in operation of application program and method thereof
Inventor: SON DONG HWAN
IPC: G06F1/32
Filed: 2006-09-29
Abstract: A system and a method for managing power required for executing an application program are provided to minimize the power consumption required for executing the application program by determining an optimal operation clock frequency of a CPU and a memory based on CPU/memory usage prediction of the application program. A requirement predicting module(211) predicts CPU/memory requirement required for executing the application program(21). An operation clock determiner(22) determines the optimal CPU/memory operation clock required for executing the application program based on the requirement. A clock frequency/operation voltage generator(23,24) generates the optimal CPU/memory operation clock and voltage level required for executing the application program based on the determined operation clock.
Patent KR-20080041763-A (KR)
Title: Message with font codec, transmitting system and method thereof
Inventor: LEE JAE HYUK
IPC: H04W4/18
Filed: 2006-11-08
Abstract: A text message with a font codec, and a system and a method for transmitting the same are provided to enable a caller to send a text message with desired fonts to a receiver and enable the receiver to receive the text message with the fonts which the caller transmits, thereby completely conveying the contents of the text message. A text message includes message data and a font codec. The contents of characters inputted by a caller are recorded in the message data. The font codec displays the message data by fonts assigned by the caller. The font codec is integrally combined with the message data and is transmitted to the terminal of a receiver through a mobile communication network. The font codec combines the message data and the fonts in the terminal of the receiver to display a text message with the fonts assigned by the caller.
Patent KR-20080044579-A (KR)
Title: Liquid crystal display panel and a fabricating method with the same
Inventor: KIM JAE HYUN
IPC: G02F1/1335
Filed: 2006-11-17
Abstract: An LCD(Liquid Crystal Display) panel and a method of manufacturing the LCD panel are provided to form a transparent conductive layer on a color filter substrate after the color filter substrate is bonded to a thin film transistor substrate to prevent generation of defects caused by static electricity. An LCD panel includes a thin film transistor substrate(40) on which a thin film transistor array, a common electrode(145) and pixel electrodes(140) are formed, a color filter substrate(100) having a color filter array(130) and a transparent conductive layer(150), and a liquid crystal layer(30) interposed between the thin film transistor substrate and the color filter substrate. The color filter array is formed on one side of the color filter substrate and the transparent conductive layer is formed on the other side of the color filter substrate. The transparent conductive layer is formed of a polymer.
Patent KR-20080046439-A (KR)
Title: Method of preparing solar cell and solar cell prepared thereby
Inventor: LEE SEONG EUN
IPC: H01L31/042
Filed: 2006-11-22
Abstract: A method for fabricating a solar cell is provided to make an emitter layer function as an etch stop layer and embody a uniform surface of a wafer by performing a texturing process on a silicon wafer after an emitter layer is formed by an implantation process. On a semiconductor substrate(301) of a first conductivity type, a semiconductor layer(302) of a second conductivity type opposite to the first conductivity type is formed by an implantation process so that a p-n junction is formed on the interface between the semiconductor substrate and the semiconductor layer. The upper part of the semiconductor layer is processed to be textured in an alkaline solution. An ARC(anti-reflective coating) is formed on the textured semiconductor layer. A front surface electrode penetrates a partial region of the ARC to be connected to a part of the semiconductor layer. A back surface electrode is formed in an opposite surface to the front surface electrode to be connected to the semiconductor substrate wherein the front surface electrode and the back surface electrode are positioned at both sides of the semiconductor substrate. The semiconductor substrate can be a p-type silicon substrate, and the semiconductor layer can be an n-type emitter layer.
Patent KR-20060128806-A (KR)
Title: Ic module examination apparatus for printed circuit board
Inventor: KIM BYUNG GYU
IPC: G01R1/06
Filed: 2006-11-25
Abstract: An IC module examination apparatus for a printed circuit board is provided to facilitate installation of test pins on an installation plate by using elastic test pins for testing high-integrity IC module. An IC module examination apparatus for a printed circuit board includes a test pin having a contact unit(152), an elastic unit(154), and a cable connector(156), which are integrated therein. The contact unit is extracted to an upper surface of an installation plate and contacted with a test point of a PCB(Printed Circuit Board) or an IC module circuit. The elastic unit is formed at the lower part of the contact unit with a predetermined length and fixed on a pin hole of the installation plate, so that a vertical elastic force is applied on the contact unit. The cable connector is formed at the lower part of the elastic unit with a predetermined length and extracted to a lower portion of the installation plate, so that the cable connector is coupled with an electric cable.
Patent KR-20060129149-A (KR)
Title: Process for production of a borohydride compound
Inventor: CHIN ARTHUR ACHHING
IPC: C01B6/23
Filed: 2006-11-28
Abstract: A method for manufacturing boro-hydride compound is provided to maximize the reaction efficiency by selecting the metal with the minimum x/y ratio. A boron-containing salt, metal oxide catalyst for promoting the formation of the surface hydride from gaseous hydrogen and at least one of metal and hydride thereof are mixed. The formed compound is ground so that the compound containing the boro-hydride anion is formed. The metal and at least one metal in the metal and the hydride is selected from a group consisting of La, Y, Sc, Ti, Zr, Al or Si. The compound containing the boro-hydride anion is the sodium boro-hydride.
Patent KR-20080051847-A (KR)
Title: Circuit for generating sense amp control signal of semiconductor memory apparatus
Inventor: KIM DAE SUK
IPC: G11C7/06
Filed: 2006-12-07
Abstract: A circuit for generating a sense amplifier control signal of a semiconductor memory apparatus is provided to generate timing for a sense amplifier to perform sensing operation more rapidly and stably rather than the prior sense amplifier control signal generating circuit. A timing control unit(100) generates a timing control signal at sensing timing for a sense amplifier to start sensing by modeling data transmission path for data of a memory cell to be transmitted to the sense amplifier through a bit line. A sense amplifier control signal generating unit generates a sense amplifier control signal by inputting the timing control signal. The timing control unit includes a signal amplification part(160) and a comparator(COM). The signal amplification part generates an amplification signal to sense the sensing timing by inputting an active signal. The comparator generates the timing control signal by comparing the amplification signal with a reference voltage.
Patent KR-20080053074-A (KR)
Title: The system and method of optical label swaping and payload regenerating and optical switch using the system
Inventor: CHUNG HWAN SEOK
IPC: H04L12/28
Filed: 2006-12-08
Abstract: An apparatus and a method for optical label exchange and payload reproduction, and an optical switch apparatus using the apparatus are provided to pass a signal, which is not diverged or combined in a node, in an optical signal format without converting into an electric signal, and convert a label signal into an electric signal to recognize and update path information, thereby exchanging a label efficiently, and reproducing, switching, and transmitting a payload signal on an optical burst signal transmission network. An apparatus(220) for optical label exchange and payload reproduction comprises an envelope detecting unit(222), a payload processing unit(221), and a label processing unit(223). The envelope detecting unit converts the phase of two signals to output the payload of an optical burst or the envelope of a label. The two signals are signals that the optical burst signal is converted into an electric signal. The payload processing unit synchronizes the optical burst signal with the envelope detected in the envelope detecting unit, extracts a payload signal included into the optical burst signal, and reproduces the extracted payload signal optically or converts the wavelength of the extracted payload signal. The label processing unit synchronizes the optical burst signal with the envelope detected in the envelope detecting unit, extract a label signal included into the optical burst signal, and converts the extracted label signal according to a path through the optical burst signal is transmitted.
Patent KR-20080053550-A (KR)
Title: Brake resistor for fuel cell vehicle
Inventor: JUNG TAE YOUNG
IPC: H01C1/08
Filed: 2006-12-11
Abstract: A braking resistor for a fuel cell vehicle is provided to effectively prevent shutdown of the vehicle and fail of a resistor due to overheating of the braking resistor and improve the entire braking efficiency by enhancing performance of the resistor. A braking resistor(22) for a fuel cell vehicle includes an auxiliary cooling device which cools the braking resistor or a cooling water line for cooling the braking resistor when a temperature of the braking resistor exceeds a predetermined temperature. The auxiliary cooling device includes a cooling module(45), a reservoir(41), a cooling water line(42) for the cooling module, a magnetic valve(44), a water pump(43), a temperature sensor(46), and an ECU(Engine Control Unit)(47) for the cooling module.
Patent KR-20070062917-A (KR)
Title: Composition for polishing semiconductor layers
Inventor: BIAN JINRU
IPC: C09K3/14
Filed: 2006-12-11
Abstract: An aqueous polishing composition useful for polishing a semiconductor substrate is provided to control a rate for removing a silicon oxide-containing layer and optionally a blocking layer from an internal connection structure of an integrated circuit. The aqueous polishing composition comprises 0.05-50wt% of an abrasive and 0.001-2wt% of a lambda type carrageenan, wherein the lambda type carrageenan has a concentration useful for accelerating a TEOS removal rate. The abrasive is at least one selected from inorganic oxides, metal borides, metal carbides, metal nitrides, and polymeric particles. The lambda type carrageenan is useful for reducing a removal rate of at least one coating selected from the group consisting of SiC, SiCN, and Si3N4.
Patent KR-20080054264-A (KR)
Title: Method of managing automobile with rfid system and computer-readable medium having thereon program performing function embodying the same
Inventor: PARK BONG HWAN
IPC: G06K17/00
Filed: 2006-12-12
Abstract: A method for managing a vehicle with RFID(Radio Frequency IDentification) and a computer-readable recording medium storing a program thereof are provided to facilitate vehicle management such as part replacement and check detached of the vehicle by receiving an RF signal from an RFID tag attached to important parts of the vehicle through an RFID reader attached to the vehicle, and storing repair details in a database based on the received RF signal. An RFID reader transmits an activation signal to an RFID tag attached to each important part of a vehicle. Information of each part is received from each RFID tag by responding to the activation signal(S110). Information of the replaced part is read again from the RFID tag attached to the replaced part when the part is replaced. The part information is periodically read from each RFID tag. Vehicle management information is updated based on the read part. It is checked whether or not the replaced part is a genuine part based on the read part information(S120). A warning message is generated whet the replaced part is not the genuine part. The warning message is output through a display device or a speaker embedded in the vehicle.
Patent KR-20080055191-A (KR)
Title: Method for minimum over scan of image signal
Inventor: HWANGBO SANG KYU
IPC: H04N7/01
Filed: 2006-12-14
Abstract: A method for minimum over scan of an image signal is provided to display image data fully without data loss by minimizing the over scan through investigating the existence of the effective image data at the edge of the image data. At least one area having predetermined size is set with regard to upper, lower, left and right image data toward the center of a screen(S22). An over scan area is decided to display all effective image data by investigating the effectiveness of the image data of each area. The over scan is performed corresponding to the decided over scan area(S23). The investigating process investigates each upper-lower area and left-right area in order until finding the area having the effective image data. The area just prior to the found upper-lower area and left-right area is determined as the over scan area. The effectiveness of the image data is determined by the measured an APL(Average Picture Level) value of each pixel of the corresponding area.
Patent KR-20080057464-A (KR)
Title: Device for undercoating in car
Inventor: NO MYEONG GWAN
IPC: B05B7/02
Filed: 2006-12-20
Abstract: An undercoating device of a vehicle is provided to improve convenience for workers by letting the worker perform undercoating while holding only a pressure gun with hands. In an undercoating device of a vehicle, a pressure tank(100) is composed of an air inflow pipe(130) storing a solvent and receiving the compressed air from a compressor; an air outflow pipe(140) for ejecting the compressed air; and a solvent ejection pipe(150) jetting the stored solvent. The pressure tank jets the solvent by generating pressure difference between the inner and outer sides in some of the compressed air. A pressure gun(200) receives and delivers the compressed air and solvent ejected from the pressure tank. An extended part(300) is combined with the front end of the pressure gun and extended toward the work position, in order to jet the compressed air and solvent delivered from the pressure gun. One end of an air hose(510) is connected to the air outflow pipe and the other end is connected to the pressure gun. One end of a solvent hose(520) is connected to the solvent ejection pipe and the other end is connected to the pressure gun.
Patent KR-20060119856-A (KR)
Title: Method of manufacturing multi-level contacts by sizing of contact sizes in integrated circuits
Inventor: HELLIG KAY
IPC: H01L23/522
Filed: 2003-12-30
Abstract: A method [600] for forming an integrated circuit includes etching a first opening [228] [338] [402] to a first depth in a dielectric material [322] over a semiconductor device [317] on a first semiconductor substrate [202] and etching a second opening [230] [340] [404] to a second depth in the dielectric material [322] over the first semiconductor substrate [202]. The first and second openings [228] [338] [402] [230] [340] [404] are differently sized to respectively etch to the first and second depths in about the same time due to etch lag. The first and second openings [228] [338] [402] [230] [340] [404] are filled with conductive material.