baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20010055606-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM BYEONG IN
IPC: D06C15/08
Filed: 1999-12-11
Abstract: PURPOSE: The titled heating roll reduced in surface temperature deviation much more by adopting an induction coil of an induction-heating roll and core to a three-phase method is provided. Therefore, the heating roll is higher in power efficiency than single phase such that it can reduce the capacity of an induction coil. CONSTITUTION: In an induction-heating roll by an induction coil, three-phase induction coils(5)(6)(7) and a core(3) insertion structure or a changeable block structure thereof are installed on a heating roll to reduce surface temperature deviation and improve power efficiency. The rings(8)(9)(10)(11) using a ferromagnetic body such as pure iron are inserted into between each block to compose an independent magnetic circuit by each induction coil and core.
Patent KR-20010055861-A (KR)
Title: Semiconductor memory device
Inventor: CHOI EUN JU
IPC: G11C11/407
Filed: 1999-12-13
Abstract: PURPOSE: A semiconductor memory device is provided to prevent the data output buffer from being pre-charged during refresh operation, in order to reduce current dissipation. CONSTITUTION: The memory device includes a plurality of memory cell array banks(10-1,10-2,10-3,10-4), a plurality of sense amplifiers(12-1,12-2,...,12-m), a plurality of data output buffers(14-1,14-2,...,14-m) and a data output buffer control circuit(30). The sense amplifiers amplify each of the plural-bit data output from the memory cell array banks and output the result. The data output buffers perform pre-charge operation with response to a control signal, buffer the data output from each of the sense amplifiers and output the result. The data output buffer control circuit generates the control signal during a normal read operation exclusive of a refresh operation. The data output buffer control circuit further includes the first signal generator and a control signal generator which generates the control signal at the first state when an inverted refresh control signal is of the first state and generates the control signal at the second state when an inverted refresh control signal is of the second with response to the inverted refresh control signal.
Patent KR-20000062214-A (KR)
IPC: A61Q19/00
Filed: 1999-12-20
Abstract: 본 발명은 인산 지방 에스테르 및 그의 옥시에틸렌화 유도체에서 선택된 음이온성 계면활성제, 및 분자량이 400 이상인 하나 이상의 오일을 함유하며, 계면활성제의 양에 대한 오일상의 양의 중량비율이 2 내지 10인 것을 특징으로 하는, 오일 구(球)의 수평균 크기가 100 nm 미만인 나노에멀젼에 관한 것이다. 
     사용되는 음이온성 계면활성제는 예를 들면, C 9 ~C 15 알킬 포스페이트의 칼륨염, 스테아릴/이소스테아릴 알콜과 인산의 에스테르, 세틸 알콜과 인산의 에스테르 ,트리데실 알콜과 인산의 에스테르, 이들 에스테르의 옥시에틸렌화 유도체, 그리고 이들의 혼합물로부터 선택된다. 
     수득되는 에멀젼은 투명하며, 저장에 대해 안정하다.   이들은 우수한 투명도를 유지하고 우수한 화장 특성을 가지면서 다량의 오일을 함유할 수 있다. 이들은 국소용 조성물, 약학용 조성물 또는 안과용 조성물을 구성할 수 있다. 
     본 발명은 또한, 본 발명에 따른 나노에멀젼의, 화장 및 피부 분야에서의 용도, 특히 피부 및/또는 점막의 보습, 및 모발의 트리트먼트를 위한 용도, 및 눈의 트리트먼트를 위한 아이로션으로서 안 분야에서의 용도에 관한 것이다.
Patent KR-20010060396-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM YUN CHEOL
IPC: A61K36/41
Filed: 1999-12-21
Abstract: PURPOSE: A composition for inhibiting liver fibrosis containing a freeze dried product of a Rhodiola sachalinensis A. bor extract as an effective component is provided, which inhibits liver fibrosis, together with protecting the liver and can be safely used because of generating no liver toxicity. CONSTITUTION: This liver fibrosis inhibiting composition contains a freeze dried product of a Rhodiola sachalinensis A. bor extract as an effective component, wherein the freeze dried product contains 7.5 to 8.5% by weight of salidroside. The Rhodiola sachalinensis A. bor extract is obtained by drying a root of Rhodiola sachalinensis A. bor, cutting and extracting with water at 60 to 90deg.C for 2 to 4 hr.
Patent KR-20010057922-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE EUN GU
IPC: G09F9/00
Filed: 1999-12-23
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided is an advertizing method by using a portable electronic book to advertise a specific enterprise or a specific good to users. CONSTITUTION: The method comprises steps of: (i) determining present power source state of the portable electronic book; (ii) displaying advertizing information stored in a first memory of the portable electronic book on a flatbed displaying device when the power source of the portable electronic book changes from "off" state to "on" state; and (iii) if the advertizing information is displayed, displaying information stored in an additional second memory.
Patent KR-20010063694-A (KR)
Inventor: JUN JUNG HWAN
IPC: B23K26/32
Filed: 1999-12-24
Abstract: PURPOSE: A laser welding method is provided to improve the quality by minimizing a transformation. CONSTITUTION: Fixing devices(20,21) are installed in a material for a fuel cell to press the material with appropriate load by having the excellent thermal conductivity and maintaining the appropriate mechanical strength. Passages of protecting gas are formed inside the fixing devices to cool excessive heat and to prevent an oxidation. A curvature is given to the fixing devices to prevent a cold transformation of the material. A small ventilation space(50) is formed in a contacted portion of the upper fixing device(20). A large ventilation space(50) and a cooling space are formed in the lower fixing device(21). A protruding still is formed in the lower fixing device(21).
Patent KR-20010064104-A (KR)
Inventor: HONG HAN GI
IPC: F16H57/04
Filed: 1999-12-24
Abstract: PURPOSE: A lubricating oil informing device is formed on an oil hole formed in a shaft to smoothen the supply of lubricating oil. CONSTITUTION: A spiral lubricating oil guiding device(53) is installed on an inlet of an oil passage(61) of a shaft(60) to guide lubricating oil to flow into the oil passage(61). When a transmission is operated, oil flows between an oil guide(53) and a rear cover(51) along an upper guide(52). The oil flows into the oil passage(61) of the input shaft(60) through a flow guiding tube(53a). The oil is supplied to a synchromesh(62), a speed gear(63), a needle bearing(64) and so on through the oil passage(61) and each oil hole(60a). Then, the oil flows into the inside of the oil passage(61) along a spiral guiding portion(61a) formed on the inlet of the oil passage(61). Therefore, the guiding portion(61a) prevents the oil from leaking to the outside.
Patent KR-20010061483-A (KR)
Inventor: PARK IN SEON
IPC: H03K19/00
Filed: 1999-12-28
Abstract: PURPOSE: An input buffer for a flash memory device is provided to prevent an error in a data input corresponding to a rise of a power supply voltage source. CONSTITUTION: In an input buffer, a part for detecting a level of a power supply detects the level of the power supply. A control part outputs the first or second voltage according to the output from the part for detecting a level of a power supply. An inverting part inverts the signal input to an input pad according to the output from the control part. A resistor is connected between the power supply and the first node. A PMOS transistor is parallel-connected between the resistor and the first node to operate according to the output from the part for detecting a level of a power supply. Also, the inverting part inverts the signal input to the input pad according to the level of the first node.
Patent KR-20010065548-A (KR)
Inventor: SON YOUNG SUK
IPC: G07F11/00
Filed: 1999-12-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided is an ascidian vending machine for conveniently supplying various kinds of ascidians to consumers at a near area of one's residence in order to meet various tastes of consumers. CONSTITUTION: When a consumer pushes a selection button, a withdrawing means(18) is rotated so that an operating plate(22) installed movably at the lower part of each separating plate for preventing the dropping of an ascidian is opened. Right after dropping an ascidian corresponding to cash input, a solenoid valve(21) regulates an interrupter plate(24) to exactly control the number of ascidians to be vented. In the case that the bottom of a casing(25) is closed with upwardly drawing the operating plate(22), the solenoid valve(21) operated by electric force draws the interrupter plate(24) so that another ascidian is placed between the interrupter plate(24) and the operating plate(22) for the next vent.
Patent KR-20010059520-A (KR)
Inventor: LIM GEUN
IPC: H01L21/28
Filed: 1999-12-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing a contact hole of a semiconductor device is provided to connect stably one device with the other device by reducing a contact resistance. CONSTITUTION: An active/passive device is formed on a silicon substrate. An interlayer dielectric(11) is formed on the silicon substrate. A contact hole for connecting the active/passive device with an upper metal layer is formed by patterning the interlayer dielectric(11). A polysilicon is deposited on the whole structure. A polysilicon layer(13) is formed within the contact hole(12). A barrier metal layer(14) and a metal layer are formed by laminating a Ti/TiN and a tungsten. A metal line layer(16) and anti-reflective layer(17) are formed by depositing an aluminium and the Ti/TiN. The contact hole is buried by etching back the barrier metal layer(14) and the metal layer.
Patent KR-20010087456-A (KR)
Inventor: JUN CHEOL JU
IPC: G06F1/16
Filed: 1999-12-31
Abstract: PURPOSE: A mobile information processing device is provided to decrease a thickness of the device by removing a used cover of an upper case. CONSTITUTION: An upper case(8) is fixed to a main body by a hinge, and is piled to the main body and makes the rear end of the main body be opened as more than 90 degree. The upper case(8) has a buffering member(10) being mounted at the right and left ends portion of the lower surface thereof or the edge portion thereof. A plurality of penetrating holes are formed at the side wall of the upper case(8). The buffering member(10) is formed by an elastic material for absorbing an impact being pressed in a liquid crystal display device being installed at the upper portion of thereof. A frame(12), a reflection sheet(14), a back light unit(16), light sheets(18), a liquid crystal panel(20), and the upper polarizing plate(22) are piled at the upper portion of the buffering member(10). The frame(12) supports the reflection sheet(14), a back light unit(16), the light sheets(18), a liquid crystal panel(20), and the upper polarizing plate(22) as a shape of surrounding the side surfaces thereof. A top case(24) is installed at the upper of the upper case(8). The top case(24) makes the edge portion of a surface of the upper polarizing plate(22) and sidewalls of the upper case(8) be received in the upper case(8).
Patent KR-20000030012-A (KR)
Inventor: CLARK ROBERT H
IPC: F26B21/06
Filed: 1997-08-14
Abstract: PURPOSE: A superheated vapor dryer system is provided for a superheated vapor dryer device and process in which a superheat is used to heat vapor above a saturation temperature to clean and dry parts and for use with flammable solvents such as isopropyl alcohol and equivalent low flash point solvents for precision removal of water and other contaminants from parts. CONSTITUTION: In a vapor drying system, solvents such as isopropyl alcohol (IPA) are boiled and condensed to provide a means of removing water and other contamination from process parts loaded into the equipment. The parts enter the apparatus via an automated lift assembly. Upon entering the vapor zone, solvent condenses on the parts and fixtures due to a temperature differential, displacing the contaminants. This condensate/contaminant waste stream gravity drains to a buffer tank below via a sloped, temperature-controlled drip tray. After vapor condensation on the parts ceases, drying is accomplished using superheated vapors formed in a stabilized zone generated by one or more offset boil sumps and separate vapor heat exchangers. Any liquid solvent remaining on the parts is flash-dried in the vapor zone, so that parts emerge clean and dry. The system incorporates a computer-implemented PLC to control process parameters, cover mechanism, transport mechanism, safety features during operating, idle and standby conditions.
Patent KR-19990046153-A (KR)
Title: 프로포폴및에데테이트를함유하는수중유에멀션
Filed: 1999-03-05
Abstract: 본 발명은 2,6-디이소프로필페놀(프로포폴)을 포함하는 약학적 조성물의 마취제로서의 용도에 관한 것이다. 일반적인 마취의 유발 및 유지와 진정 작용을 비롯하여 마취를 일으키는데 이를 사용하기 위한 제조 방법에 관한 것이다.
Patent KR-20000048496-A (KR)
Inventor: MURAI YASUSHI
IPC: A61P31/04
Filed: 1997-09-19
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided is a new, crystalline substance of Cefditoren pivoxyl which has a high purity and an enhanced thermal stability on storage. CONSTITUTION: A crystalline Cefditoren pivoxyl is prepared by a process comprising a step of dissolving amorphous substance of Cefditoren pivoxyl in an anhydrous, first organic solvent capable of dissolving said amorphous substance well therein, and steps of replacing the first organic solvent component of the resulting solution by an anhydrous alkanol of 1 to 5 carbon atoms as a second organic solvent, in such a manner that the firstly prepared solution of Cefditoren pivoxyl in the first organic solvent is mixed with a volume of the alkanol and then is concentrated below 15°C under reduced pressure, and so on. Thereby, the process proceeds so as to produce a solution containing 50 mg/ml to 250 mg/ml of Cefditoren pivoxyl dissolved in the alkanol alone. From the latter solution, crystals of Cefditoren pivoxyl are induced to deposit by addition of water at a temperature of 0 - 10°C The resulting admixture of the concentrated solution of Cefditoren pivoxyl in alkanol with added water and the deposited Cefditoren pivoxyl is then agitated 10°C or below, to effect a complete crystallization of Cefditoren pivoxyl.
Patent KR-20000048999-A (KR)
Title: Substituted benzoylaminothiazole derivatives and drugs containing the same
Inventor: NAGASAWA MASAAKI
IPC: C07D417/12
Filed: 1997-10-20
Abstract: PURPOSE: Substituted benzoylaminothiazole derivatives or salts thereof and drugs containing the same as the active ingredient are provided which improve digestive motions. CONSTITUTION: Substituted benzoylaminothiazole derivatives are represented by general formula (I). In the formula, X represents imino optionally substituted by lower alkyl, or oxygen; R1 represents cyano, lower alkoxycarbonyl, lower alkoxycarbonyloxy, lower alkylsulfonylamino, optionally halogenated lower alkanoyl or lower alkylsulfonyl, 1-ureido, halogenated lower alkyl, or 2-pyrrolylimino; R2 and R3 are the same or different and each represents hydrogen or lower alkyl; and m is an integer of 2 to 4. Because of having an excellent effect of improving digestive motions, these compounds are useful as preventives and remedies for unidentified epigastric complaints, vomiturition, vomiting, heartburn, anorexia, abdominal pain, abdominal swelling feel, chronic gastritis, etc.
Patent KR-20000068756-A (KR)
Title: 자동차 유리 세척용 와이퍼 블레이드
IPC: B60S1/38
Filed: 1998-07-09
Abstract: 본 발명은 안전대(24)가 세척살(18)과 견고히 연결되며, 최소한 아암(26, 28)에 설치된 하나의 고리(30, 32)를 사용하여 잠금 장치 형태로 지지 고리(14)를 감싸게 함으로써, 판재 가공된 안전대(24)에 의해 헤드부(16)가 길이 방향으로 고정되며, 고리테(84)에 설치된 지지 고리(14)를 사용하여 탄성 소재로 된 세척살(18)의 헤드부(16)를 감싸는 하나의 운반 시스템(12)을 가지는 와이퍼 블레이드(10)에 관한 것이다. 상기 고리(30, 32)는 아암을 굽힘 가공 또는 각인 가공하여 제조하며, 조립 방향(60)으로 조립면(40, 42)을 연결하는 것을 제안한다.
Patent KR-20000057441-A (KR)
Title: Novel cephem derivatives
Inventor: KOBAYASHI KAZUKO
IPC: A61P31/04
Filed: 1997-12-08
Abstract: PURPOSE: Compounds represented by general formula (I). These compounds have broad and potent antibacterial activities on gram-positive bacteria including those producing beta-lactamase and gram-negative bacteria. In particular, these compounds are superior to the existing cephem derivatives of the onium salt type in the antibacterial activities on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP) and imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which makes them highly useful as remedies for infectious diseases caused by various pathogenic bacteria. CONSTITUTION: In said formula, X represents CH or N, R1 represents hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl or cycloalkyl, one of R2, R3, R4 and R5 represents R6R7NSO2NHC1-6 (wherein R6 and R7 may be the same or different from each other and each represents hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl), and n is 0 or 1.
Patent KR-20000069449-A (KR)
IPC: C07D285/00
Filed: 1997-12-22
Abstract: 본 발명은 일반식(I)의 화합물에 관한 것이다: 
     
       
     
     상기 식에서, 
     R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 는 서로 독립적으로 각각 수소, 임의로 치환된 알킬, 알케닐, 알키닐 또는 아릴을 나타내고, 
     Ar은 임의로 치환된 아릴을 나타낸다. 
     이들 화합물은 강력한 살미생물 작용을 갖고, 바람직하지 않은 미생물, 바람직하게는 진균 및 박테리아를 구제하는데에 사용될 수 있고, 따라서 식물 및 물질 보호에 사용될 수 있다.
Patent KR-20000069512-A (KR)
Title: 담배 타작 처리 장치 및 방법
IPC: A24B5/10
Filed: 1997-12-12
Abstract: 본 발명의 담배잎 타작 장치는 회전가능한 스트리핑 수단(3)과, 담배잎을 상기 스트리핑 수단에 분배하기 위해 한쌍의 상호협력하는 역회전 요소(1, 2)를 구비한 피더를 포함한다.  상기 피더와 스트리핑 수단은 사용시 담배잎이 상기 역회전 요소 사이로부터 스템으로부터 주맥을 적어도 부분적으로 벗기는 회전 스트리핑 수단을 통과할 때 전단력을 받도록 배치된다.
Patent KR-20000062311-A (KR)
Title: 여과 및 흡착에 의해 극저온 유체를 정제시키는 방법
IPC: B01D53/04
Filed: 1997-12-18
Abstract: 본 발명은  액체 상태, 2상 상태, 기체 상태 또는 초임계적 상태이고 비등점 Pe를 갖는 헬륨, 수소, 중수소, 아르곤, 네온, 크세논 또는 크립톤으로 이루어진 군 중에서 선택된 극저온 유체를 비등점 Pe'(Pe'＞Pe)을 갖는 상기 극저온 유체 중에 함유된 1종 이상의 불순물로부터 정제시키는 방법으로서, 기계적 필터를 사용하여 고체 상태의 불순물 중 1종 이상을 여과시키는 단계, 액체 상태 또는 기체 상태의 불순물 중 1종 이상을 흡착시키는 단계, 및 불순물을 약 1 ppb 이하로 함유하는 적어도 부분 정제된 극저온 유체를 적어도 일부 회수하는 단계를 적어도 포함하는 것이 특징인 방법에 관한 것이다. 또한, 본 발명은 상기 방법을 수행하는 장치에 관한 것이다.
Patent KR-20000070483-A (KR)
IPC: A61P25/28
Filed: 1998-01-09
Abstract: 하기 화학식 1의 화합물 또는 약제학적으로 허용되는 이의 염은 유전분증 치료에 유용하다. 
     화학식 1 
     
       
     
     상기 화학식 1에서, 
     R 1 및 R 2 는 독립적으로 수소 및 유기 잔기로부터 선택되고, 
     R 3 은 화학식 OR 6 또는 NR 7 R 8 의 그룹이다.
Patent KR-20010068446-A (KR)
Title: The Mobile Subscriber Roaming Control of CDMA WPBX/Keyphone System
Inventor: JUNG YONG JU
IPC: H04B7/26
Filed: 2000-01-05
Abstract: PURPOSE: A subscriber roaming control method of a CDMA(Code Division Multi Access) wireless PBX(Private Branch Exchange)/keyphone system is provided to construct the CDMA wireless PBX/keyphone system in a service region as an overlay cell. CONSTITUTION: A mobile terminal receives a pilot channel signal(2) transmitted to a CDMA(Code Division Multi Access) wireless PBX(Private Branch Exchange)/keyphone system by a larger determined level than a level of a pilot channel signal(1), and is turned into an idle hand off(3). The mobile terminal transmits a location register requesting message(4) when a part of location register related to parameters are changed. A system controller receiving the location register requesting message transmits a location register responding message(6) and a channel assigning message(7) if the mobile terminal is a home subscriber(5). The system controller transmits the only location register responding message when the location register requesting message is received from the outer subscriber. If a receiving call for the home subscriber(5) is generated, the system controller converts the receiving call into an inner calling message(9) of the CDMA wireless PBX, and transmits the inner calling message(9) to the mobile terminal. A channel converting commander induces the idle hand off from a mobile communication network base station to the CDMA wireless PBX.
Patent KR-20010073670-A (KR)
Title: Method for controlling the program using account program
Inventor: KWON JEONG SUK
IPC: G06F9/46
Filed: 2000-01-19
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for managing an external program for a banking system is provided to enable a user to easily register or erase an external program just by clicking on buttons over a banking program so that it makes it easy the user managing the external program though the user is not familiar with an operating system. CONSTITUTION: The method comprises steps of a user executing an operating system and then a banking program(1), the user positioning a mouse pointer at a transaction area and clicking a right button(2), an external program management module generating a floating pop-up menu offering a program registration, a program erasing, an execution or a registered program list menu(3), the user selecting one among a pop-up menu displayed on the screen(4), and the external program management module executing a routine corresponding to the menu selected by the user(5). In the case that the user selecting a registration of an external program, a dialogue box for registering the external program is displayed on the screen. In the case of an external program erasing menu, a list box for erasing the external program is displayed on the screen.
Patent KR-20010073708-A (KR)
Title: Output driver capable of reducing parasitic capacitance of pad
Inventor: LIM SEONG MIN
IPC: G11C11/4063
Filed: 2000-01-19
Abstract: PURPOSE: An output driver for reducing a parasitic capacitance of a pad is provided to reduce parasitic capacitance of the pad connected to an output driver terminal. CONSTITUTION: In an output driver for reducing parasitic capacitance of a pad, transistors for forming an output driver are serial-connected between the pad and a ground terminal. The transistors are formed in a Pwell(8) surrounded with a deep Nwell(4) and a barrier Nwell(6) formed in a semiconductor substrate(2). A plug(12) of the Pwell is connected to a negative bulk voltage terminal. The transistors has the lower threshold voltage than that of a normal transistor formed in the semiconductor substrate. The bulk voltage is a back bias voltage used to prevent leakage current of the memory cell.
Patent KR-20010076698-A (KR)
Inventor: PARK BYUNG MU
IPC: E02D29/045
Filed: 2000-01-27
Abstract: PURPOSE: An underground roadway is provided to improve the combining force with a near underground roadway unit, to reduce the breakage of a coupling portion and to prevent a leakage of water. CONSTITUTION: Connecting cables(19) are penetrated and inserted in each cable combining slot(15) of both side walls(3) and an intermediate partition(5). Both side walls(3) and the intermediate wall(5) are combined by straining the connecting cables(19). An upper plate(7) is combined thereon. A lower plate portion is formed by pouring and curing a concrete in an area between a lower flange(11) of the intermediate partition(5) and a lower flange(11) of the side portion(3). A post-grouting side wall is formed between a side wall reinforcing member(30) and the side walls(3). A post-grouting upper plate is formed between the side reinforcing members from the surface of the upper plate(7) to the height of the side wall reinforcing member(30).
Patent KR-20010044013-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM DONG JUNG
IPC: B29C45/18
Filed: 2000-01-28
Abstract: PURPOSE: A material supplying and mixing proportion adjusting device always maintains the amount of material supplied to a hopper to improve convenience and efficiency of injection molding. CONSTITUTION: A device comprises a first and a second material supplying pipes(10-1, 10-2), a first and a second suction pipes(20), material amount detecting sensors "B"(50), a warning indicator(60), a first and a second air supplying devices(30-1, 30-2), timers(T1, T2), a material amount detecting sensor "A"(40) and a control part(70). The material supplying pipes(10-1, 10-2) supply material into a hopper(80). The suction pipes(20) are connected with the material supplying pipes(10-1, 10-2) to suck in material in a material storage(110). The material amount detecting sensors "B"(50) are installed under the suction pipes(20) to detect the amount of material in the material storage(110). The warning indicator(60) shows the amount of material in the material storage(110). The air supplying devices(30-1, 30-2) supply compressed air to the suction pipes(20) to supply material in the material storage(110) to the hopper(80). The timers(T1, T2) control the driving of the air supplying devices(30-1, 30-2) independently to adjust the mixing proportion of the material supplied to the hopper(80). The material amount detecting sensor "A"(40) is installed in the hopper(80) to detect the amount of material inputted.