Patent GB-371396-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture and production of polymerisation products
IPC: C08F212/08
Filed: 1930-11-14
Abstract: Coatings and priming compositions may be prepared from polymerization products of mixtures of acrylic acid, an acrylic ester and/or acrylic nitrile with styrene.  Softening agents, such as dibutyl phthalate or triphenyl phosphate, and resins, such as the condensation product of p-toluenesulphamide and formaldehyde may be added to the polymerization products, and fillers, such as chalk or barium sulphate, colour pigments, such as iron oxide, or soluble dyestuffs, such as aminoanthraquinones may be incorporated before polymerization or with the lacquer solutions. Valuable lacquer coatings may be obtained by employing several layers adapted in their properties to the requirements of the single layers, e.g. on very smooth surfaces a thin coating of pure polymerized acrylic acid may be applied, followed by an elastic intermediate layer of a mixed polymerization product of styrene and acrylic acid methyl ester and finally by a film of hard mixed polymerization product of acrylic nitrile and acrylic acid methyl ester.  Individual layers may be replaced by the usual oil varnish or cellulose lacquer layers.  In an example a mixture of acrylic acid methyl ester and styrene is polymerized in the presence of cellulose benzyl ether yielding a product which may be employed for coating purposes.  In another example a mixture of styrene and acrylic acid n-butyl ester is polymerized in the presence of toluene to produce a viscous solution which may be directly employed for coating purposes or for the preparation of lacquers. Specifications 313,569, [Class 95, Paints &c.], 351,508, 355,712, [Group IV], 357,173, and 358,534 are referred to.ALSO:Polymerization products are manufactured by polymerizing a mixture of acrylic acid, an acrylic ester and/or acrylic nitrile with styrene, without emulsification in a non-solvent liquid, preferably with the addition of a peroxide polymerization accelerator, such as hydrogen peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, or acetone peroxide.  As acrylic esters may be employed those with mono- or polyhydric alcohols or their substitution products, such as ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, glycol chlorhydrin, or esters and like derivatives of polyhydric alcohols containing at least one free hydroxyl group.  The acrylic compounds and the styrene may be employed in about equimolecular proportions or in mixtures containing about 20-80 per cent of either component.  A small addition of anhydrides of organic acids, e.g. acetic anhydride, accelerates the polymerization, which is usually carried out at or near the boiling-point of the reaction mixtures. Softening agents, such dibutyl phthalate or triphenyl phosphate, and resins, such as the condensation product of p-toluenesulphamide and formaldehyde may be added to the final products, which are insoluble in water and differ from the polymerization products of the pure components.  Threads, films, coatings, and priming compositions may be prepared from the products, if desired with the addition, before the polymerization or to the spinning, film and lacquer solutions, of fillers, such as chalk or barium sulphate, colour pigments, such as iron oxide, or soluble dyestuffs, such as aminoanthraquinones.  The threads may be spun or woven alone or with other threads, and may, on account of their different tinctorial behaviour, be employed as effect threads in fabrics from natural fibres.  The films may be employed for transparent protective coverings for food and other articles, as intermediate sheets between printed pages, as substrata for emulsions for photographic purposes, and in part as intermediate layers for sticking together metals, wood, leather, and similar materials.  Valuable lacquer coatings may be obtained by employing several layers adapted in their properties to the requirements of the single layers, e.g. on very smooth surfaces a thin coating of pure polymerized acrylic ester may be applied, followed by an elastic intermediate layer of a mixed polymerization product of styrene and acrylic acid methyl ester and finally by a film of hard mixed polymerization product of acrylic nitrile and acrylic acid methyl ester.  Individual layers may be replaced by the usual oil varnish or cellulose lacquer layers.  In examples: (1) a mixture of styrene and acrylic acid ethyl ester is polymerized by means of benzoyl peroxide; (2) a mixture of styrene and acrylic acid is polymerized by means of hydrogen peroxide; (3) a mixture of acrylic nitrile, acrylic acid ethyl ester and styrene is polymerized by means of benzoyl peroxide and acetic anhydride; the product may be employed as a substitute for nitrocellulose in the production of coating and insulating preparations or of artificial masses; (4) a mixture of acrylic nitrile, acrylic acid methyl ester, acrylic acid and styrene is polymerized by means of benzoyl peroxide; the product may be pressed into artificial masses; (5) a mixture of acrylic acid methyl ester and styrene is polymerized in the presence of cellulose benzyl ether by means of benzoyl peroxide; the product may be employed for coating purposes; (6) a mixture of styrene and acrylic acid n-butyl ester is polymerized in the presence of toluene by means of benzoyl peroxide, yielding a viscous solution which may be directly employed for coating purposes or for the preparation of lacquers. Specifications 313,569, [Class 2 (iii), Dyes &c.], 351,508, 355,712, 357,173, and 358,534 are referred to.ALSO:Films prepared from polymerization products of mixtures of acrylic acid, an acrylic ester and/or acrylic nitrile with styrene, with or without the addition, before polymerization or to the film solution, of fillers, pigments, or dyestuffs, may be employed as intermediate layers for sticking together metals, wood, leather, and similar materials. Specifications 313,569, [Class 22, Cements &c.], 351,508, 355,712, 357,173, [all in Group IV], and 358,534 are referred to.