Patent GB-1065242-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to aircraft instruments
Inventor: KENDALL ERIC RAYMOND
IPC: G05D1/06
Filed: 1963-05-16
Abstract: 1,065,242. Aircraft take-off instruments. SMITHS INDUSTRIES Ltd. May 12, 1964 [May 16, 1963], No. 19399/63. Heading B7W. An aircraft take-off instrument comprises means producing signals dependent upon distance travelled and forward velocity, and an indicator having a two dimensional display divided into regions each representing a different potential situation, and an index movable relatively to the regions in accordance with the signals, whereby the index lies in that region which is appropriate to the current situation, and its rate and direction of movement indicate the likely future situation. In Fig. 1, the display is divided into regions 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D by cursors 11, 12, and tapes 6, 7 extend across the display, each having an area 8 of one colour and an area 9 of another colour. Each of these four elements is moved by a servomechanism responsive to an analogue output signal from a digital computer similar to that of Specification 909,175. Tape 6 is driven so that the displacement of its boundary 1 from a datum position in the bottom lefthand comer represents 5, the distance travelled along the runway, obtained by counting the revolutions of the nose wheel as in Specification 909,175. The position of the boundary 2 on tape 7 similarly represents S I , the predicted distance to be travelled to obtain a given speed increase v, say 10 knots, derived from the equation where V is the instantaneous ground speed, a is the forward acceleration, and H is an approximation to a function which takes into account increase in drag with V and such like effects, and given by where V c  is the velocity at which the scheduled graph of velocity against distance during takeoff intersects the corresponding graph for braking to a standstill at the end of the runway, b and b<SP>1</SP> are functions of V c , and c and c<SP>1</SP> are function of wind velocity V w . The relative displacement between boundaries 1 and 2 thus indicates the predicted distance required to achieve a speed increase v. Alternatively, V c -V may be used instead of a fixed arbitrary v, so that the displacement between boundaries 1 and 2 shows the distance to be travelled before V c  is attained. The cursor 11 is driven in accordance with S v , the minimum distance that should have been travelled if the take-off is to be completed safely in the event of a specified emergency, e.g. failure of one engine, given by where SL is the scheduled distance from start to lift-off, V L  is the scheduled lift-off velocity, and p is the drop in acceleration expected in the emergency. The cursor 12 is driven in accordance with S H , a prediction of the maximum distance from the start at which take-off can safely be abandoned, given by where Á is the coefficient of friction between the aircraft and the ground and L is the lift, each a function of V, and S E  is the runway distance available from the start. The significance of the location of the boundary 1 in the regions 3A ... 3D is then, that in region 3A, it is not safe to continue if the emergency arises, but it is safe to abandon take-off, in region 3B these operations are safe and safe, in region 3C safe and unsafe respectively, and in region 3D unsafe and unsafe. Additional cursors may define regions taking into account such possibilities as safe to continue take-off with one engine failed only if after-burning is used, or safe to abandon take-off only if reverse thrust or an arrester barrier is available. The boundaries 1 and 2 may be off the display throughout the initial part of the take-off run. In the instrument of Fig. 3, the regions are defined by fixed colour boundary lines 75, 76, and an index 72 is mounted on crossed cursors 70, 71 driven by servo mechanisms in accordance with the computed values of S v  - S and SH - S respectively, so that on line 75, S v  = S and on line 76, SH = S. The scale is such that the display does not operate the initial part of the take-off run, the index 72 being located at 77 by limiting the values of S v - S and SH - S. Since SH - S may fall below its limit before S v  - S, so that index 72 initially moves vertically and gives a false impression that the index will move into the dangerous area 74D, a mask 78 obscures an appropriate part of the display. The velocity information for the computer may be provided by sonic Doppler or an inertial system instead of from the nose-wheel.