baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-888941-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in liquid level indicators
Inventor: FISHER DALZIEL
IPC: G01F23/292
Filed: 1959-06-22
Abstract: 888,941. Indicating and regulating liquid levels. DE HAVILLAND AIRCRAFT CO. Ltd. Sept. 21, 1960 [June 22, 1959], No. 21358/59. Class 123(1). The contact of liquid with the surface 2 (Figs. 4 to 7) of a totally internally reflecting prism changes the critical angle and allows light from a source 8 to pass through surface 2. In the arrangement of Figs. 4 and 5 this effectively interrupts the light path to a photoelectric detector 10 whilst, in the arrangement of Figs. 6 and 7 the change in the critical angle allows light to fall on the detector 7. The light source comprises a compound of phosphor and kripton and the photo-electric detector is, preferably, of the photo-conductive or photo-voltaic type. In one application the prism is mounted at the top of a tank with the surface 2 facing downwards so that when the tank is full of liquid (up to the surface 2) interruption of a voltage from the detector 10 operates via a transistor amplifier to cause a fluid inlet valve to close (Fig. 1, not shown). In a second application two prisms 1, 1a (Fig. 2) are positioned at different levels in a tank 3. A current due to prism 1a (fluid below its level) maintains contacts 14 in the circuit of the solenoid inlet valve 5 closed and allows the solenoid to be energized through an electromagnetic switch 11 operated by current through winding 12 due to prism 1. When the fluid reaches the lower surface of prism 1 the coil 12 of switch 11 is de-energized and the circuit of the solenoid via switch 11 is interrupted resulting in closure of valve 5. If additional "topping-up" is required the switch 11 is moved manually into the position shown so that the solenoid valve circuit again operates to allow fluid to enter the tank 3. The flow of fluid continues until it reaches the lower surface of prism 1a resulting in the deenergization of coil 13 and the opening of contacts 14 in the circuit of the solenoid valve 5 which again closes. Fig. 3 shows a further application in which a plurality of vertically mounted elongated prisms 1 are employed the photo-electric detector for each prism comprising a plurality of separate units arranged one above the other so that the number of units which are operative depends on the depths of fluid in the tank 3. When re-filling is necessary switch 16 is put in the "R/F" position and relay 13 and contact 14 then operate (due to the currents of the photoelectric detectors) causing solenoid operated inlet valve 15 to open. As the level of the fluid rises the voltage across relay coil 13 drops and when this falls to a value predetermined by the setting of potentiometer 15 and representative of a certain level of fluid in the tank, contact 14 opens and allows valve 5 to close. With switch 16 in the "indicator" position an indication of the quantity of fluid in the tank is shown on an indicator 19.
Patent GB-1415455-A (GB)
Title: Dynamic operation of deep-depletion transistors
IPC: H01L27/12
Filed: 1973-05-04
Abstract: 1415455 Field effect transistor switching circuits RCA CORPORATION 4 May 1973 [7 Aug 1972] 21363/73 Headings H3T [Also in Divisions G4 and H1] A deep-depletion type field-effect transistor is operated at a frequency having a period less than the relaxation time of the cut-off condition. It is explained that deep depletion transistors have source and drain regions of the same conductivity type as the substrate and that although a reverse gate drive together with the gate contact potential will cut off the transistor a surface condition adjacent the sapphire support relaxes and a leakage path develops if the cutoff condition is not restored. In the shift register gate shown the P-type transistors are of deep-depletion type and the N-type of conventional enhancement type, the use of the two types allowing the circuit to be formed with only one polarity of substrate. When the clock is positive and clock is negative P 3  and N 3  are conductive so that the data at 12 is transferred to the gate of N 1 . When the clock reverses P 1  becomes conductive and as its resistance is much larger than that of N 1  when on and much lower than N 1  when off, point 15 takes up the inverse data condition. N 4  and P 4  are also conducting so that the inverse data is transferred to the gate of N 2  of an inverter P 3  N 3  for inversion at the next reversal of the clock. The clock wave provides overdrive in the cut-off direction and the frequency of the clock is such that the next operation occurs before the cutoff condition relaxes. In Fig. 2A (not shown) the inverter stages are coupled by a single transistor and offset in the coupling transistors is avoided by overdriving the transistors in the switch-on direction. Fig. 4 shows an alternative shift register using deep depletion type transistors of N conductivity operated in accordance with the invention.
Patent GB-944036-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in fluid flow installations and parts therefor
Inventor: COOPER HARRY CHRISTOPHER
IPC: B08B9/032
Filed: 1959-06-22
Abstract: 944,036. Cleaning milk tanks. A.P.V. CO. Ltd. June 22, 1960 [June 22, 1959], No. 21396/59. Heading B8T. For cleaning milk tanks 1, 2, 3, to which milk is supplied through a valve controlled conduit 4 and branches 5 and withdrawn through branches 7 and a valve controlled conduit 6, the tanks are isolated from the milk conduits 4, 6 by removing sections X, Y in the branches 5, 7 and using them to complete a flow system for detergent solution by placing them in gaps in branches 10 leading to the tanks from a supply conduit 9 for the solution. Branches 12 connect the tanks 1, 2, 3 with a discharge conduit 11 for the solution. To ensure that the sections X, Y are correctly disposed in the various branches, flanges 14, 15, Fig. 2, are provided thereon for engagement in notches 18 in fixed plates 16. The sections when fitted may actuate an electric switch controlling a pump for forcing the appropriate liquid through the sections. An alternative installation is described which comprises a single milk tank and only one removable pipe section.
Patent GB-239216-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electrical resistance units
IPC: H05B3/06
Filed: 1925-08-26
Abstract: 239,216. American Resistor Corporation, (Assignees of Duersten, W. E.). Aug. 29, 1924, [Convention date]. Resistances, self-supporting. - An electric resistance unit comprises a body portion 10 containing a carbon compound, such as silicon carbide, and a terminal portion of greater conductivity than the body of the unit and formed with a screw thread 21 or the like. In the firing process the terminal portion is burned to a greater degree than the body portion 10 and its conductivity may be further increased bv coating and impregnating it with metallic particles forced in heated streams under considerable pressure. Suitable metals for the metallic coating are brass, monel metal and aluminium. A terminal cap 24 engages with the screw threads 21 and may be formed with heat dissipating flanges. The Specification, as open to inspection under Sect. 91 (3) (a) describes a form in which the terminal portion is smooth and is surrounded by a cap 13 having a split screw-threaded sleeve which is tapered for engagement by an adjustable collar 14 provided with heat dissipating flanges 15. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.
Patent GB-363306-A (GB)
Title: Improved method of increasing the creep limit or strength of metals and alloys
IPC: C21D1/26
Filed: 1930-07-15
Abstract: The creep limit or strength of iron, nickel, chromium, iron nickel-chromium alloys containing over 50 per cent of nickel and 12-30 per cent of chromium, and iron-chromium alloys containing 20-40 per cent of chromium, for use as machine elements or furnace parts at temperatures above the recrystallization temperature, is increased by preheating or pre-annealing the metals or alloys at temperatures between 1100 DEG  C. and the melting-point of the metal or alloy and cooling at such a rate so as to avoid internal stresses.  The temperature used may be 30-50 DEG  below the melting-point, and the alloys may contain up to 10 per cent of molybdenum, up to 8 per cent of aluminium, up to 10 per cent of tungsten or up to 6 per cent of manganese.  Examples of alloys are-(1) chromium 15 per cent, nickel 61 per cent, iron 20 per cent and manganese 4 per cent.  (2) Chromium 20 per cent, nickel 73,5 per cent, iron 1,5 per cent, manganese 3 per cent, molybdenum 2 per cent.  Specification 342,676 is referred to.
Patent GB-575329-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to wireless receivers
IPC: H03J5/32
Filed: 1943-12-21
Abstract: 575,329. Wireless receiving systems. COSSOR, Ltd., A. C., and BELL, D. A. Dec. 21, 1943, No. 21422. [Class 40 (v)] A wireless receiver with two tuned stages arranged for either manual or pre-set pushbutton control, in which simultaneous depression of a pair of .push-buttons can permit of manual control in one stage at the same time as pre-set control in another stage. In the Figure, one stage terminates on the point 1, 2 and the other at the points 7, 8, the circuits 3, 4, 5, 6 forming the alternative elements of the first stage and the circuits 9, 10, 11, 12 the elements of the second stage. Of these circuits, 3 and 9 are continuously variable and the rest pre-set. The push-button switches 21, 22, 23, 24 are arranged so that each of the moving contacts, such as contact 25 of the switch element 13, has a back-contact, as 26 and a forward contact, as 27. Each back-contact is connected to the following moving contact, as in the Figure, the order of connection being in the opposite direction for the switches 14, 16, 18, 20 of the second stage. Thus, if switch 21 is depressed so that manually-tuned circuit 3 is connected to the points 1, 2, the connection 25, 26 is broken, so that depression of a second switch such as 23 has no effect on this stage. In the second stage, however, this action connects circuit 11 to the terminals 7, 8, since the throwing of switch 18 renders switch 14 inoperative. Thus, when adjusting the preset controls, manual control can be retained in the first stage while the pre-setting adjustments are being made in the second.
Patent GB-454737-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to boxes and cases
IPC: B65D5/02
Filed: 1935-07-27
Abstract: 454,737. Cardboard &c. boxes. DAVIES, W. T. WIGGINS-, and DAVIES, W. W., 37, Great Charles Street, Birmingham. July 27, 1935, Nos. 21423 and 29214. [Class 18] A box of the kind comprising a collapsable tubular shell 10, Fig. 4, having a closure piece 14 secured permanently to the inner face of wall 15 and adapted to be secured also to the inner face of wall 21, is arranged so that after setting up the [box the closure piece 14 is permanently secured to wall 21, a flap 17 then serving as a lid. The piece 14 may be of stout flexible paper carrying panels 16, 17 and the securing means may be glue or other adhesive which adheres after moistening. Alternatively, the piece 14 may be formed only partially of flexible material, the remainder being rigid and the adhesive may be carried by the flexible part only. Also the part 17 may be connected directly to the piece 14, flap 18 being omitted. In another form the closure piece 14 is of rigid material and is secured to wall 15 by staples or wire stitching and to wall 21 by glue &c., or by permanent fastening means such as staples. In this form a crease 26, Fig. 7 is provided to facilitate folding. A tab 28 may be provided and in either form a thumb opening 27 may be provided. In either form the closure piece 14 may be forwarded separate from the shell, and the adhesive may be on wall 21 of the shell or on both this and the closure piece. The adhesive may be carried on both sides of a separate piece of thin paper &c. The box may be of cardboard, strawboard, mill. board &c., and may be utilized as a transfer case for storing documents, or as a boot box or a chocolate box. A box of elongated form with small openings is contemplated.
Patent GB-658623-A (GB)
Title: Conveyor chains
IPC: B65G19/24
Filed: 1948-08-13
Abstract: 658,623. Endless chain conveyers. CLARKSON, J. L. Aug. 13, 1948, No. 21458. [Class 78 (i)] In an endless chain flight conveyer in which the flights are secured to members arranged at intervals in the conveyer chain, these members each comprising two units arranged end-to-end but spaced apart to receive the teeth of the sprockets supporting the chain between them, each unit comprises a pair of elements arranged endto-end and pivotally connected to swivel relative to each other in one plane, a pair of flights extending outwardly from the opposite sides of the chain in said plane with their bases overlapping adjacent elements of the two units, pivot pins extending through aligned apertures in said bases and elements to provide for swivelling of the units transversely of said plane. As shown in Figs. 1, 3, the chain unit to which the flights 3 are secured comprises a pair of universal joint units A, B, each consisting of elements 1, 2. Each element 1 is secured to the flights 3 by a pin 5 and is formed with a tongue 12 apertured to receive a pin 4. Each element 2 is connected by a pin 6 to chain links 7 and is shaped to form jaws 15 which receive the tongue 12 and pin 4 of the element 1. The chain links 7 with links 8 and rollers 9 form the chain structure between successive pairs of flights and their associated units A, B. The flights may be welded to the pins 5. In a modification, Fig. 5, the flights 23 are secured to flanges 24 on the universal joint elements 21 by nuts 28 on pins 26 extending through the elements 21.
Patent GB-752976-A (GB)
Title: Process and apparatus for making additions to liquid metal
IPC: C21C1/10
Filed: 1954-07-22
Abstract: 752,976. Adding materials to molten metals. MOND NICKEL CO., Ltd. July 22, 1954 [Aug. 3, 1953; Oct. 19, 1953; April 1, 1954], No. 21462/54. Classes 72 and 82(1). A method of introducing an additive having a low boiling or decomposition temperature to a molten metal comprises introducing the additive in or on a plunger which is inserted into a pressure vessel and which has means for closing the inlet through which it is inserted. As shown, applied to the addition of magnesium to cast iron, a ladle 1 has, fixed to it by wedges 7, a cover 3 having an aperture into which is inserted a sleeve 12 with a conical opening. A hollow plunger 13 filled with sticks 35 of magnesium is attached by a threaded spigot 22 to a cover 14 which mates with the opening in the sleeve 12. The cover 14 is bolted to a weight 18 which acts as a safety valve. The sticks of magnesium are held in place by a wooden plug 23 which is sufficiently thick to prevent its burning away before the opening is closed. The closure may be sealed by placing a thermosetting resin, e.g. phenol-formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde, or melamine-formaldehyde, containing an accelerator, e.g. hexamethylene tetramine, on the mating faces, the heat of the metal and the pressure of the weight being sufficient to set the resin. In a modification, Fig. 3 (not shown), the ladle may be in the form of a pressure vessel with a manhole which is fitted with a cover having an aperture for the insertion of the plunger, the manhole being off-set from the centre of the vessel. The plunger may be of metal lightly welded to the cover, or may be of a refractory material having a hollow end.
Patent GB-860420-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to motor vehicle heating systems
IPC: B60H1/00
Filed: 1959-06-23
Abstract: 860,420. Vehicle ventilation. DAIMLERBENZ A. G. June 23, 1959 [June 24, 1958], No. 21475/59. Class 137 A motor vehicle heating system comprises an air inflow duct 1, a heat exchanger 2, an inflow 10 and outflow 11 for engine, cooling water and a thermostat 13 in a water chest 12 on the outflow side of the heat exchanger. The heated air is delivered partly through an opening 3 into the vehicle footspace, partly through a nozzle 4  against the windscreen 5, and partly through a nozzle 7 against side windows of the vehicle. The air outflow is controlled manually by means of flaps 8, 9. The thermostat 13 controls adjusting means 14 operating a throttle valve 15 in the outflow 11, the member 14 being further influenced by a thermostat 16 in the duct 1 and a thermostat 17 on the vehicle roof.
Patent GB-780587-A (GB)
Title: Improved apparatus for dewatering stock on a fourdrinier type paper or board making machine
Inventor: THOMAS REGINALD JAMES
IPC: D21F1/00
Filed: 1954-07-23
Abstract: 780,587. Fourdrinier paper-making machines. ST. ANNE'S BOARD MILL CO., Ltd. June 16, 1955 [July 23, 1954], No. 21505/54. Class 96. In a Fourdrinier paper- or board-making machine, the flow of pulp water is restricted by leading it into a tapering gap between the wire cloth 2 and an upper permeable member, e.g. a short upper wire cloth 19, movable therewith, and some of the water is withdrawn upwardly through the upper cloth as disclosed in Specification 748,597, and is assisted by a current of air in its flow into and along a sloping passageway 35 leading to a suction enclosure 21 from which a high-speed current of low pressure air is withdrawn. Suction is also applied to a box 36 within the roll 8.
Patent GB-319868-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to means for opening the lids of metal and other tins and the like
IPC: B65D41/04
Filed: 1928-07-25
Abstract: 319,868. Walkden, R. July 25, 1928 Stoppers secured by bayonet joints. - The upper end of the body portion of a tin, bottle, or similar container is encircled externally by a sinuous groove comprising a. number of sinuosities 3 formed at their upper parts with open slots 5 so that notches 4 projecting inwardly from the flange of the lid or cover 1 can be engaged with the groove, the cover then being given a partial rotation to draw it down into close engagement with the container.
Patent GB-398993-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to variable pitch airscrews
IPC: B64C11/36
Filed: 1932-07-30
Abstract: 398,993. Air-screws. FAIREY AVIATION CO., Ltd., Cranford Lane, Hayes, Middlesex, and FORSYTH, A. G., Venlaw, Burdon Lane, Cheam, Surrey. July 30, 1932, Nos. 21575 and 27060. [Class 114.] An air-screw, the pitch of the blades of which can be altered by power derived from the engine, includes a gearing mechanism brought into operation by means of a cam or cams. Disposed within the hollow propeller shaft e is a central shaft 11 having at its inner end a gear-wheel 12 meshing with a controlling quadrant 13. At the other end the shaft carries three eccentrics 14, 15, 16, the sheaves of which are connected with cams in the form of arcuate strips 17, 18, the eccentric 14 being common to a cam 17 and a cam 18. When a cam 17 or 18 is brought into operative position by rotation of the shaft 11, it acts upon a tappet 19 or 20. The tappets are carried round bodily with the air-screw and have pawls 21 co-operating with ratchet wheels 22, 23. These ratchet wheels 22, 23 rotate in one with a gear-wheel 24 meshing with pinions 25, 26. The gear-wheel 26 meshes with pinions which are splined on the shafts which operate the mechanism for altering the blade pitch. In order to prevent undue wear of the pawls 21 which are inoperative, the tappets 19, 20 are mounted in guides 37 tiltable about pivots 38 which tends to move the guides toward the ratchet wheels 22, 23 which are in operation and awav from the ratchet wheels whose tappets are to be inoperative. In a modification, solid cams 44, 45 are mounted on the ends of two coaxial shafts 46, 47 which take the place of the single shaft 11, and these shafts are restrained against rotation alternatively by means of friction discs 48, 49 engageable with a slidable sleeve 50 under the control of a lever 51. Alternatively the shafts may be restrained by means of spring-influenced pawls capable of being rocked to or from notched discs on the shafts. In a further modification, the controlling shaft is adapted to be slidable and carries upon its outer end a multiple set of cam surfaces which can be brought into operative connection with the tappet members.
Patent GB-460044-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to voltage regulation in alternating current distributing systems
IPC: H01F29/02
Filed: 1935-07-30
Abstract: 460,044. Transformers ; automatic regulation of electromotive force. HAUGAARD, F. B. July 30, 1935, Nos. 21587/35 and 24042 /36. Convention dates, Aug. 1, 1934 and Sept. 14, 1934. [Classes 38 (ii) and 38 (iv)] Equality of voltage between the neutral N and the several phase conductors A, B, C of a polyphase distribution system is maintained by the use of transformers AT having automatic tap changing gear associated with each phase winding, each tap changing gear being responsive to conditions in the corresponding phase of the system. Each phase winding is further provided with tappings TP1, TP2, TP3 whereby for each setting of the automatic tap changing gear, a number of different phase voltages are made available on the output side. The transformers AT may be auto-transformers as shown or they may have two separate windings ; also they may be replaced by a single polyphase transformer.
Patent GB-1184571-A (GB)
Title: Sheet Materials with a Microporous Structure and Method for their Manufacture.
Inventor: KOUTNY KVETOSLAV
IPC: D06N3/00
Filed: 1967-05-10
Abstract: 1,184,571. Microporous coatings. CESKOSLOVENSKE ZAVODY G UMARENSKE A PLASTIKARSKEOBOROVE REDITELSTVI. 10 May, 1967 [25 May, 1966], No. 21610/67. Heading B2E. [Also in Divisions B5 and C3]  A method of forming a sheet material having a microporous structure includes forming a layer of a polymer solution in which the polymer concentration progressively decreases from face to face of the layer and coagulating the polymer in a layer to form pores of sizes progressively decreasing from face to face of the layer. The coagulation may be effected by means of a non-solvent agent miscible with the polymer solvent but not dissolving the polymer. The progressively decreasing concentration gradient may be achieved by partially evaporating the solvent from the polymer layer, applying layers, by e.g. spraying, brushing or extrusion, of varying concentration, by applying a layer of polymers in solution on the substrate impregnated with a solvent so that solvent penetrates into the solution, spraying a solvent on the surface of the applied layer, applying two layers of different polymers forming different structures, by partially eliminating the solvent and exposing the layer of polymer solution to a conditioning .or curing treatment at normal temperature in a medium having a relative humidity of 10-30% or by a combination of these. methods. Numerous suitable solvents are specified. Backings of woven, knitted or non-woven fibres, which may be needled-punched may be used. The fibres may be of synthetic or natural, organic or inorganic materials. Exemplified are fibres of polyamide, polyesters, albumen or collagen or mixtures of these. The coating material may be a polyurethane.