baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-586732-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the nitration of aromatic hydrocarbons
IPC: C07C201/08
Filed: 1944-06-29
Abstract: Metaphosphate catalysts, suitable for nitrating aromatic hydrocarbons in the vapour phase using nitric acid or nitrogen dioxide, are prepared by dissolving the metallic oxides, hydroxides, oxalates or carbonates and sometimes the metals themselves in orthophosphoric acid, evaporating to dryness and drying the solid catalyst at 250 to 400 DEG C.  Phosphoric acid catalysts, for the same purpose, are made by calcining a mixture of a phosphoric acid, e.g., o- or pyro. phosphoric acid and a solid absorbent g. Kieselguhr, at 180 to 400 DEG C.  Specification 463,272 is referred to.ALSO:Mono-nitro derivatives of aromatic hydrocarbons are obtained (in a process which may be used continuously) by nitrating the corresponding hydrocarbon in the vapour phase using nitric acid or nitrogen dioxide and a catalyst selected from the metallic metaphosphates, boron phosphate, solid and sup <PICT:0586732/IV/1> ported phosphoric acid catalysts. Specified products are: mono-nitrobenzene and mononitro alkyl benzenes such as mono-nitrotoluenes, mono-nitro xylenes and mono-nitroethylbenzenes.  Specified catalysts are: calcium, magnesium, cadmium, nickel, ferric, ferrosoferric, strontium, copper and potassium metaphosphates.  The nitrogen dioxide may be used as such, or after having been made in situ by using nitric oxide and oxygen, nitrogen trioxide and oxygen, or nitrogen pentoxide. Advantageously in the production of mononitro benzene, the molar ratio of benzene to nitric acid ranges from 3 : 1 to 1 :.  Generally, the reaction temperature ranges from 130 DEG  to 430 DEG  C., and ordinary or elevated pressure is used.  In examples: (1) an apparatus illustrated schematically, in the Figure comprises nitric acid and benzene feed tanks: (1) and (2) connected to separate vaporisers (3) and (4) leading to a converter (5) of stainless steel provided with a glass liner and connected to a condenser (6).  The condensate-comprising aqueous nitric acid and an oily layer, collects in catch pot 7 while the gaseous products are passed to oxidiser (8) in which the nitric oxide is oxidised to nitrogen dioxide by means of oxygen (e.g. air) and then to the absorber (9) in which the nitrogen dioxide is absorbed in water.  The condensate in 7 is passed to the decanter 10 and there separated into an oily layer and an aqueous nitric acid layer which are passed respectively to the benzene stripping still 12 attached to a condenser 13 (or two condensers in series) for the stripped benzene which is recycled to the feed tank 2; and to the still 17 (to which also that from absorber 9 is led) for concentrating the nitric acid to constant boiling strength and thence to feed tank 1.  In example (2) benzene and 98 per cent nitric acid are vaporised in separate glass vessels and the vapours are heated in a glass converter filled with granules of calcium metaphosphate at a maximum temperature of 175 DEG  C.  The benzene and nitro benzene in the oily layer of the condensate are separated by distillation.  Specification 463,272, [Group III], is referred to.
Patent GB-1035883-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to carding machines
Inventor: MILLAR FREDERICK
IPC: D01G15/50
Filed: 1965-03-24
Abstract: A roller provided with an axially extending peripheral deferal deformation, e.g. a flat is associated with a covered stripper of a jute or like carding machine so that as the roller rotates the gap between the stripper cover and roller widens periodically to clear material that might otherwise form a blockage in the region of the gap.  With a roller having a diameter of 6.4 inches, the maximum depth of the flat may be .06 inch.  For larger rollers, one flat may be provided for every six inches of diameter of the roller.
Patent GB-872949-A (GB)
Title: Process for dyeing cellulose textile materials
IPC: C09B5/62
Filed: 1958-04-18
Abstract: 872,949. Dyeing processes; dyes. ClBA Ltd. April 18, 1958 [April 18, 1957], No 12420/58. Classes 2(4) and 15(2). Cellulosic textile materials are dyed or printed by applying a bath or paste containing a vat dyestuff of the anthraquinone, perinone or pericarboxylic acid imide series having at least one hydrophilic group and at least one group of the formula:- wherein Z represents a chlorine atom or a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, or an etherified hydroxyl group or an unsubstituted hydroxyl group, and n is a number not greater than 5, effecting reduction of the dyestuff to the leuco form on the material by treatment with a reducing agent and also effecting reaction of the dyestuff with the cellulose by treating the material with an alkali, before, together with or after the application of the dyebath or paste. Specified hydrophilic groups are hydroxyl, amino, oxyalkylamino, quaternary ammonium, sulphonamide, methyl-sulphone, carboxylic and sulphonic acid groups. Specified alkalies are caustic alkali, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate. A neutral inorganic salt, such as an alkali metal chloride or sulphate, or urea, may also be added to the dyebath. Reduction of the vat dyestuff may be effected with sodium sulphide, sodium hydrosulphide, sodium hydrosulphite or glucose. Examples of dyeing and printing are given. The following are amongst the dyestuffs specified in the examples, and the preparation of some of these dyestuffs follows the method of Specification 867,571.
Patent GB-679918-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the control of tap changers for electric transformers
Inventor: PEEL ROBERT FREDERICK CRESWELL
IPC: H01F29/04
Filed: 1949-05-10
Abstract: 679,918. Transformer arrangements. METROPOLITAN-VICKERS ELECTRICAL CO., Ltd. March 30, 1950 [May 10, 1949], No. 12473/49. Class 38 (iv). To ensure that a transformer tap changer does nor move more than one position at each operation an electric control circuit therefor comprises two stop-by-step control devices alternatively energized by a switch operated by the tap changing mechanisms so that one device effects even number and the other device odd number tapping position changes, the particular device which is energized completing a control circuit for the tap changing mechanisms initiating means. As shown, the switch S at rest in one tapping position closes a control supply circuit to energize one, CO, of two relay or contactor coils CO, CE having contacts COa ... COc, CEa ... CEc which respectively open the circuit of the other coil, maintain their own coil circuit when push-button contacts PBRa, PBLa are opened, and supply, via raise and lower push-buttons PBR, PBL, the mechanism motor M. Thus, energization of coil CO opens contacts COa, closes contacts COb, and closes contacts COc to permit raising or lowering of the tapping position and, on completion of the movement the mechanism operates the switch S to open circuit the coil CO and to energize the coil CE ready for the next operation. In a modification to ensure that once a tap changing operation is commenced it is continued even if the push-button is released, two additional relays maintain the push-button circuit. Automatic control may replace the push-buttons.
Patent GB-501388-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the preparation of compositions containing urea-formaldehyde condensation products
IPC: C08G12/42
Filed: 1938-04-26
Abstract: 501,388. Urea-formaldehyde condensation products. SAUNDERS, S. L. M., and COVENEY, L. W. April 26, 1938, No. 12493. Addition to 484,200. [Class 2 (iii)] Consists in employing as starting-material a product of urea and /or thiourea and /or derivatives thereof with formaldehyde which has been condensed beyond the point of water solubility but which is still soluble or solubilizable in the monohydric alcoholic solvent.. In an example, moist dimethylolurea is melted and heated to 95‹ C., with addition of a small amount of phthalic acid, for half an hour or until it gels, the gel is cooled and powdered and refluxed with n-butyl alcohol and paraformaldehyde; after dissolution the liquid is distilled to remove water and alcohol, yielding a product soluble in xylol.
Patent GB-839252-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to high-vacuum electric circuit-breakers
Inventor: REECE MICHAEL PETER
IPC: H01H33/66
Filed: 1956-04-24
Abstract: 839,252. Vacuum switches. BRITISH ELECTRICAL & ALLIED INDUSTRIES RESEARCH ASSOCIATION. April 16, 1957 [April 14, 1956], No. 12544/56. Class 38 (5). A high vacuum A.C. circuit-breaker has a " main " pair of co-operating electrodes 1a, 1b and two or more " auxiliary " pairs of cooperating electrodes 2a, 2b, the auxiliary pairs being of lower arcing voltage than the main pair and connected in parallel with the main pair, the arrangement being such that when the circuit-breaker is opened, the auxiliary electrodes open first so that bridges of electrode metal first form and then explode between these co-operating electrodes, the main electrodes then separate and the arc at the main electrodes or an arc at any one of the auxiliary pairs causes the formation of arcs at all the auxiliary pairs. In the arrangement shown, eight upper auxiliary copper electrodes 2a co-operate with six lower auxiliary copper electrodes 2b, the fourteen electrodes cooperating at twelve places to produce, in effect, twelve auxiliary pairs. The upper electrodes 2a are screwed into a fixed conducting hanger 15 and the lower electrodes 2b are mounted on a conducting disc 8 secured to a movable copper stem 3 carrying the lower main tungsten electrode 1b. The upper main tungsten electrode 1a is also carried by a movable copper stem 16 so that when the stem 3 is moved downwardly to open the circuit-breaker, the stem 16 moves downwardly under the force of a spring 20 until it is arrested by a collar (not shown) engaging a fixed stop 31, so that the main electrodes 1a, 1b remain in engagement until after the downward movement of the disc 8 has caused the separation of the auxiliary electrodes. Coaxial cylindrical shields 35, 36 adsorb energy emitted on arcing to reduce the risk of re-ignition over long paths, the inner shield 35 having openings 38 to allow the passage of energy from the arc at the main pair to the contact surfaces of the auxiliary pairs to start arcs there, if these do not already exist. In a modification, Figs. 3 and 4 (not shown), the auxiliary electrodes are arranged as separate pairs, each pair being surrounded by a shield. The Provisional Specification states that the auxiliary electrodes may be fixed so as to provide a number of fixed arc gaps and also refers to the use of other contact materials.
Patent GB-167817-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in direction and turning indicators for road vehicles
IPC: B60Q1/34
Filed: 1920-05-06
Abstract: 167,817. Wheaton, A. May 6, 1920. Road-traffic signals on vehicles.-A turning-indicator for road vehicles comprises a coloured arrow a mounted in an appropriate part of the vehicle on a vertical shaft b, which is operated by a weighted hinged lever l moving over a quadrant m having slots which receive the end of the lever and hold the arrow in the position to which it has been rotated.
Patent GB-779354-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to mechanical indicating apparatus
Inventor: QUINQUE WERNER CLEMENS
IPC: G05G25/00
Filed: 1954-04-30
Abstract: 779,354. Visible signalling apparatus. ENGLISH ELECTRIC CO., Ltd. April 29, 1955 [April 30, 1954], No. 12594/54. Class 118 (2). [Also in Group XXXVII] A mechanical indicating device, suitable for use in switchgear, comprises an indicating member 1 which is connected to a moving member 6 by means of a pin 5 engaging a slot and being normally held in the bottom of the slot by a spring 7. Movement of the member 6 causes the indicating member 1, which is pivoted at 3, to move from one extreme position to another, the movement being limited by a frame 2. Further movement of the member 6 in the direction of the arrow causes the pin to ride upwards in the slot and so prevent damage. The indicating member is viewed through a window in a case 4.
Patent GB-1041833-A (GB)
Title: Container-emptying roll-over frame with gas-fluidizing cap
IPC: B65D88/72
Filed: 1963-03-22
Abstract: 1,041,833. Fluidizing apparatus. GRANUFLOW EQUIPMENT Ltd. March 22, 1963 [March 23, 1962], No. 12613/66. Divided out of 1,041,831. Heading B8A. The whole of the subject-matter of this divided Specification is included in the original Specification 1,041,831.
Patent GB-528098-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in automatic speed control systems for dynamo electric machines
IPC: H02P5/50
Filed: 1939-04-27
Abstract: 528,098. Automatic control systems. BRITISH THOMSON-HOUSTON CO., Ltd. April 27, 1939, No. 12640. Convention date, April 28, 1938. [Class 38 (iv)] Speed.-The speed of a motor 14 is rapidly restored to normal on sudden change of load by means of an auxiliary dynamo 36 in series with it which is controlled by the current in a further machine 35 mechanically coupled to the motor. In a paper-making machine the motor 14 drives, for example, a drying roll stand 11 and may act as a braking generator when operating on heavy stock passing to calender rolls 12 driven by a motor 15. Should breakage of stock occur the machine 14 may be required immediately to take up the load to prevent looping of stock in advance of the drying rolls. A machine 35 is coupled to the motor 14 and connected in parallel with it, suitable adjustment of relative field strengths being made on a resistance 55, preferably so that the machine 35 is motoring under normal conditions. The current of the machine 35 energizes the torque motor of a regulator 37 whereby resistors 46, 47 are adjusted under normal conditions to balance a bridge completed by two resistors 51, 52, across which is connected the field of the auxiliary dynamo 36, which may be driven by the main motor generator of the system (not shown). A change in speed of the machines 14, 35 will also cause an excitation change in the machine 36 which will establish in the machine 14 the current necessary to sustain the load change and substantially correct the speed. Hunting is prevented by a transformer 49 in the circuit of machine 14 supplying a winding on the torque motor. The torque motor is arranged to have a drooping characteristic to effect stable control and in the system illustrated this may be effected by a winding 50 in the field circuit of the motor 14. In the proportionate speed control system shown the action of the speed comparison device 29 in response to speed variation of the motor 14 is such as to recalibrate the regulator 37 in effecting the final correction of speed to normal. Specification 525,563 is referred to.
Patent GB-433034-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in jet-impact pulverizers
IPC: B02C19/06
Filed: 1935-04-27
Abstract: 433,034. Jet pulverizers. ANGER, P., 59a, Beseler Allee, Kiel, Germany. April 27, 1935, No. 12680. [Class 59] In a jet pulverizer in which material is fed to the bottom of a funnel-shaped vessel where it is blown by an air jet through a mixing tube onto an impact member, the discharge of the pulverized material takes place principally at the sides of the pulverizer. As shown in Fig. 2 material fed in at f is carried by the jet issuing from the nozzle c through the mixing tube d onto the impact plate e where it is crushed, the coarse material falling back to the jet and the fine material being discharged through lateral outlets i. The valve p in the cover regulates the fineness of the crushed material. The outlets may be circular and vanes may deflect the material to the sides. In Fig. 4 the crushed material passes over conical members m, n arranged at different levels whereby a classifying action is obtained. In Fig. 6, an adjustable sieve q regulates the fineness of the material, the sieve may be placed below the block e which may also be adjustable in height.
Patent GB-1389727-A (GB)
Title: Method of re-processing soiled oil impregnated cleaning implements
IPC: D06F43/00
Filed: 1972-03-17
Abstract: 1389727 Rotary drum filter for oil WASHEX MACHINERY CORP 17 March 1972 [29 March 1971] 12709/72 Heading B1D [Also in Division D1] A filter for dirty oil from a dry cleaning process (see Divisions D1-2) comprises an evacuated rotary drum 35 having a porous periphery supporting a substantial layer 35a of a diatomaceous earth/oil filter aid applied by head 39. Dirty oil is delivered to the drum from a spray head 34a and also from a tank 47 enclosing the lower portion of the drum. The filtered oil is drawn from the interior of the drum into a separator 43 by a vacuum pump 40. A screw adjustable doctor blade 53 skins off the top layer of soil and filter aid which drops into a bag 54.
Patent GB-212785-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to road construction
IPC: E01C9/02
Filed: 1923-05-11
Abstract: 212,785. Alison, G. B., and White & Co., Ltd., J. G. May 11, 1923. Wheel tracks flush with the road surface are formed of a load-supporting comporient 5 of reinforced concrete and a readily removable wearing-surface 10 of concrete, asphalt, or wood blocks. The members 5 are preferably constructed as reinforced concrete beams formed or laid on a foundation of broken stone rammed firm in trenches. The beams are reinforced with longitudinal rods 6, 7 connected by stirrups 9, wires 8 being grouted into the wearing-surface 10. A thin coating of tar is applied to the upper face of the beam to facilitate removal of the wearing surface.
Patent GB-510567-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to pouring devices for bottles and like vessels
IPC: B65D47/12
Filed: 1938-04-28
Abstract: 510,567. Pouring devices. PRYOR, H. W. April 28, 1938, No. 12731. [Classes 125 (i) and 125 (iii)] A pouring device formed so as to be insertable in a bored cork occupying the neck of a bottle or like container, or adapted to have a screw thread engagement with the bottle neck, comprises a hollow tubular spout 4, surrounded by a drip retaining cup 2, and is closed by a stopper 10 with a plug member depending from the cap portion, the said plug member being adapted to engage the tubular spout 4, and thereby seal the bottle. The stopper, which may be permanently attached to the pouring device, has a screw thread engagement with the cup 2, or alternatively, the plug may have a screw thread engagement with the hollow 'spout. The tubular spout is cut away to provide a channel 15 (Fig. 3) through which drips received in the cup may be returned to the bottle whilst a protruding step 16, surrounding the spout, diverts any drips towards the channel 15.
Patent GB-493885-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in methods of and apparatus for interlaced scanning
IPC: H04N3/38
Filed: 1937-05-04
Abstract: 493,885. Television. CLOTHIER, S. L., and HOGENCAMP, H. C. May 4, 1937, No. 12746. Convention date, May 9, 1936. Drawings to Specification. [Class 40 (iii)] A mechanical scanning device provides a frame component of scanning in a direction opposite to that of a continuously moving film to effect double scanning of each frame, while a second mechanical scanner resolves each frame into an odd number of lines to provide interlacing. The frame scanner may be a rotating mirror drum or an oscillating mirror, while the line scanner may be an apertured drum or a mirror drum. The light source is preferably imaged on the line scanner. Specifications 455,146 and 485,622 are referred to.
Patent GB-313149-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the construction of aircraft wings
IPC: B64C3/00
Filed: 1929-04-24
Abstract: 313,149. LepÞre, E. M. G. June 9, 1928, [Convention date]. Planes and wings, construction of. -An aircraft wing comprises a covering forming a tubular beam and a longitudinal internal structure connected together by means of members adapted rigidly to transmit the stresses whose direction is substantially perpendicular to the plane of the wing and to yield under the action either of the torsional or of stresses whose direction is substantially parallel to the plane of the wing, so that the covering forming the tubular beam may be devised to withstand alone and only the torslonal and trailing stresses while the internal structure may be designed to resist only the lifting stresses. The wing is composed of a number of sections 3 threaded upon a main spar 1, each section comprising a covering of sheet metal or laminated wood, stiffened by corrugations or and fixed to a leading edge member 4 and to a sectioned dummy spar 13, or to a trailing edge member if no aileron is fitted at that point. Marginal angle strips 6 provide attachment for closing plates 7 winch complete each section. The plates 7 are reinforced by vertical members 8, Fig. 6, and are pierced with apertures 9 for tlie insertion of the spar 1, which is accommodated in channel guides 10 riveted to the covering. Each section is located by angle plates 11 of light gauge metal riveted to the plates 7 and to gussets 13 on the spar web. The various sections are secured to one another by riveting together the marginal angle strips 6 of adjacent sections and by connecting the leading and trailing edges or in the portion where an aileron is fitted by the use of a rear spar, Fig. 5.
Patent GB-1182237-A (GB)
Title: A Process for Ion-Exchange in Liquids.
Inventor: MARTINOLA FRIEDRICH
IPC: B01D15/04
Filed: 1968-03-18
Abstract: 1,182,237. Ion-exchange. FARBENFABRIKEN BAYER A.G. 18 March, 1968 [22 May, 1967], No. 12879/68. Heading B1J. Aqueous liquids are deionised using exchangers with a grain size of less than 0.1 mms and at the start of the deionisation containing less than 30 percent by weight of water.
Patent GB-352133-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the vulcanisation of rubber and rubber like substances
IPC: C08K5/00
Filed: 1930-04-26
Abstract: 2-Mercaptothiazole derivatives.-A 2-mercaptoarylenethiazole is condensed with a halogenated benzoquinone containing reactive halogen atoms.  In an example 2-mercaptobenzthiazole is condensed with chloranil in alcohol, and the use of substituted mercaptoarylenethiazoles, such as methyl- and chloroderivatives, is also referred to.  These substances effect "delayed" action in the vulcanization of rubber, acceleration only being rapid above a temperature of about 140 DEG  C.  They are particularly of use in conjunction with a basic organic accelerator, such as diphenylguanidine.  Examples of the use of the above-mentioned product in vulcanization are given.ALSO:Vulcanization accelerators exhibiting "delayed" action are formed by reacting a 2-mercaptoarylenethiazole with a halogenated benzoquinone containing reactive halogen atoms.  Such products are of particular use in conjunction with a basic organic accelerator, such as diphenylguanidine, acceleration only being rapid above a certain temperature.  Examples describe the use of a reaction product of 2-mercaptobenzthiazole and chloranil alone, and with diphenylguanidine in the vulcanization of rubber.
Patent GB-1376854-A (GB)
Title: Cigarette decelerating and braking device
IPC: A24C5/35
Filed: 1973-03-16
Abstract: 1376854 Delivering cigarettes AMF Inc 16 March 1973 [18 March 1972] 12922/73 Heading A2C Cigarettes S, issuing from the cut-off of a continuous-rod making-machine and advancing after acceleration into peripheral flutes 2 of a rotating catcher drum 1, are braked by suction applied through a rotating decelerator 5. The decelerator 5 comprises a hollow cone 105 having a re-entrant peripheral surface that closely follows the surface of the drum 1 along the line of their nearest approach, and is provided with rows of suction openings 6 arranged in spiral helices. As a cigarette S enters a flute 2 it is slightly decelerated as its front part is pneumatically engaged against a leading suction opening 6 of a row, and subsequently progressively slowed as it meets successive openings 6 of the same row which rotate at progressively reducing peripheral speeds as they approach the vertex 305 of the cone 105. Final braking of the cigarettes S is effected by suction applied through openings 202 in the bottom of the flutes 2.