baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20170117017-A (KR)
Title: 캐뉼라를 제조하기 위한 방법 및 장치
Inventor: BAUER PHILIPP
IPC: A61M5/32
Filed: 2015-11-05
Abstract: 본 발명은 캐뉼라를 제조하기 위한 방법 및 방법을 이용하여 제조된 캐뉼라에 관한 것이다. 또한, 본 발명은 방법을 이용하여 캐뉼라를 제조하기에 적합한 장치에 관한 것이다. 방법은 중공 튜브 세그먼트(1)로 캐뉼라의 제조에 관한 것으로, 상기 캐뉼라는 전방 관통부와 후방 개구부를 가진 사선 관통 단부를 포함하고, 이 경우 전방 관통부는 경사면을 갖고, 이 경사면은 관통 팁으로부터 후방으로 연장되고 내부 측면 에지를 가지며, 후방 개구부는 경사면을 갖고, 이 경사면은 전방부의 경사면으로부터 후방으로 연장되고 내부 측면 에지와 라운드된 후방 에지(10, 12)를 가지며, 후방 에지(10, 12)의 라운딩은 전해질의 존재하에서 전해 가공(ECM)에 의해 생긴다.
Patent KR-20170096626-A (KR)
Inventor: AGIWAL ANIL
IPC: H04W84/18
Filed: 2015-12-21
Abstract: 본 개시는 롱 텀 에볼루션(long term evolution: LTE)과 같은 4세대(4 th -generation: 4G) 통신 시스템 뿐만 아니라 보다 높은 데이터 전송률을 지원하기 위해 제공되는 5세대(5 th -generation: 5G) 또는 프리-5G(pre-5G) 통신 시스템에 관련된 것이다. 본 개시의 다양한 실시 예들은 디바이스-대-디바이스(device-to-device: D2D) 통신 시스템에서 소스 사용자 단말기(user equipment: UE)에서 릴레이를 선택하는 방법을 개시한다. 상기 방법은 한 개 이상의 사용자 단말기-네트워크(user equipment-network: UE-NW) 릴레이들로부터 릴레이 발견 메시지를 수신하는 과정과; 상기 소스 UE에 의해 발견되는 상기 한 개 이상의 UE-NW 릴레이들에 대해 상기 소스 UE 및 UE-NW 릴레이간의 무선 링크의 무선 링크 품질을 측정하는 과정과; 상기 릴레이 발견 메시지에 포함되어 있는 정보와, 상기 소스 UE와 UE-NW 릴레이간의 무선 링크의 무선 링크 품질 및 상기 UE-NW 릴레이와 기지국(base station: BS)간의 무선 링크의 무선 링크 품질을 사용하여 UE-NW 릴레이를 선택하는 과정을 포함한다.
Patent KR-20170085598-A (KR)
Inventor: CHUN JONG YOON
IPC: C12Q1/68
Filed: 2015-12-09
Abstract: 본 발명은 상이한 검출 온도 및 기준값을 사용한 타겟 핵산 서열의 검출에 관한 것이다. 상이한 검출 온도 및 기준값을 이용하는 본 발명은 하나의 반응 용기에서 단일 유형의 표지만을 사용하여 종래의 실시간 방식으로 복수의 타겟 핵산 서열을 검출할 수 있다.
Patent KR-20170095342-A (KR)
Inventor: AVIDOR YOAV
IPC: A61L9/03
Filed: 2015-12-17
Abstract: 향을 릴리즈하기 위한 시스템이 개시된다. 시스템은 : 각각의 캡슐(capsule)이 내부에 향 물질을 함유하는, 각각의 복수의 캡슐(capsule)들을 수용하도록 적응되는 복수의 격벽들; 하나 이상의 향 물질로부터 얻어지는 유체를 환경으로 분배하도록 구성되는 분배기(dispenser) 시스템; 및 격벽들 중 2 이상의 선택에 관련된 데이터를 수신하고 선택된 격벽들의 캡슐들에 함유되는 향 물질들로부터 얻어지는 유체들을 분배하도록 분배기 시스템에 신호를 발송하도록 구성되는 제어기를 포함한다.
Patent KR-20170106381-A (KR)
Title: 전기활성 터폴리머를 기반으로 한 조성물
Inventor: DOMINGUES DOS SANTOS FABRICE
IPC: C08L27/16
Filed: 2016-01-11
Abstract: 본 발명은 적어도 하나의 전기활성 불소화 터폴리머, 및 전기활성 불소화 터폴리머와 상용성이고, 전기활성 불소화 터폴리머의 유리 전이 온도보다 낮은 유리 전이 온도를 지니는 적어도 하나의 제 2 폴리머를 포함하는 조성물에 관한 것이다.  본 발명은 또한 상기 조성물을 생산하는 방법, 및 기판 및 상기 언급된 조성물의 필름을 포함하는 액추에이터와 같은 장치에 관한 것이다.
Patent KR-20170102557-A (KR)
Title: 검출 장치
Inventor: HORI JUNJI
IPC: G01B11/30
Filed: 2015-03-27
Abstract: 검출 장치는 센서 헤드(2), 기억부(7), 데이터 처리부(8), 유사도 산출부(9) 및 위상 산출부(10)를 구비한다. 센서 헤드(2)는 장척체의 표면 데이터를 취득한다. 기억부(7)는 제1 레퍼런스 데이터 및 제2 레퍼런스 데이터를 기억한다. 데이터 처리부(8)는 표면 데이터로부터 처리 데이터를 생성한다. 유사도 산출부(9)는 제1 유사도 및 제2 유사도를 산출한다. 위상 산출부(10)는 제1 유사도 및 제2 유사도를 요소로 하는 유사도 벡터의 위상을 산출한다.
Patent KR-20180044839-A (KR)
Title: 임플란트 도포기 및 임플란트들을 투여하는 방법
Inventor: NAVRATIL TOMAS
IPC: A61F9/007
Filed: 2016-03-04
Abstract: 본 명세서에 기재된 실시예들은 일반적으로 의료 임플란트 전달 장치들 및 방법들에 관한 것이다. 몇몇 실시예들에서, 장치는 제 2 캡, 제 2 캡 내에 적어도 부분적으로 배치된 바늘 허브, 바늘 허브 내에 배치된 푸셔 와이어 및 푸셔 와이어 연결기, 바늘 및 제 1 캡을 포함한다. 제 2 캡은 근접 단부, 말단 단부, 및 길이방향 축을 포함한다. 바늘은 임플란트를 수용하도록 구성된 제 1 경사진 단부, 및 바늘 허브의 허브 포켓 내에 배치된 제 2 단부를 포함한다. 제 1 캡은 바늘 허브에 연결되고, 제 2 캡의 근접 단부에 배치된다. 푸셔 와이어, 푸셔 와이어 연결기, 및 바늘은 제 2 캡의 길이방향 축을 따라 서로 실질적으로 정렬된다. 몇몇 실시예들에서, 푸셔 와이어는 바늘의 보어에 수용되도록 하는 크기를 갖는다.
Patent KR-20170128513-A (KR)
Title: 마이크로파를 이용한 열적 접합에 의해 열가소성 엘라스토머를 기초로 하는 입자 폼을 제조하는 방법
Inventor: PRISSOK FRANK
IPC: C08J9/232
Filed: 2016-03-11
Abstract: 본 발명은 열가소성 엘라스토머, 특히 열가소성 폴리우레탄을 기초로 하는 폼 비드로부터 비드 폼을 제조하는 방법으로서, 폼 비드를 극성 액체로 습윤시키고 고주파 전자기 방사선, 특히 마이크로파 방사선에 의해 몰드에서 열적으로 함께 접합하는 단계를 포함하는 제조 방법, 그리고 이로부터 수득 가능한 비드 폼에 관한 것이다.
Patent KR-20180015149-A (KR)
Title: 개스킷 및 그 제조방법
Inventor: SASO HIDETOSHI
IPC: F16J15/10
Filed: 2016-05-12
Abstract: 본 발명은 러버 온리 타입 개스킷의 취급 작업성을 향상시키는 것이다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여, 러버 온리 타입의 개스킷 본체와, 이 개스킷 본체를 비접착 상태로 유지하는 수지 필름으로 이루어지는 캐리어 시트의 조합으로 이루어지며, 캐리어 시트로부터 개스킷 본체를 떼어낼 때에 캐리어 시트 및 개스킷 본체 사이에 에어를 유입시키기 위한 에어 유입구를 캐리어 시트에 형성한 것을 특징으로 한다. 캐리어 시트에 있어서의 개스킷 본체와 평면상 겹치는 부위에는, 개스킷 본체의 외형 형상을 따라 변형된 입체 형상의 개스킷 유지부가 설치되고, 개스킷 본체는 그 두께 방향 일부가 개스킷 유지부에 수용되어 있다. 개스킷 본체는, 연료 전지 스택에 도입되는 연료 전지용 개스킷으로서 이용된다.
Patent KR-20190083854-A (KR)
Inventor: JEONG YONG HWAN
IPC: B01D53/78
Filed: 2018-01-05
Abstract: The present invention discloses a water-cooling type air cleaner capable of removing ultrafine dust. In the present invention, by using a multi-stage water film screen, the contact time with air is increased while delaying the movement of the introduced air, thereby securing the time for effectively removing the ultrafine dust (PM-2.5) contained in the air. Accordingly, the removal efficiency of ultrafine dust (PM-2.5) which is difficult to be visually checked is increased.
Patent KR-20180081468-A (KR)
Inventor: THOLLABANDI MADHAN
IPC: G02B27/28
Filed: 2018-01-05
Abstract: The present invention aims at providing a method and system for identifying a macro-bend in at least one test fiber. The method includes generating a modulated optical pulse and scrambling the polarization state of the modulated optical pulse into a random polarization state. The method includes the injection of a modulated optical pulse into at least one test fiber, the reception of backscattered optical pulse, and the division of the backscattered optical pulse into a first light component and a second light component. The method includes measurement of a first power of the first light component and a second power of the second light component in the backscattered optical pulse. The method includes the calculation of a discrete value of polarization dependent loss, which is a function of distance, and the identification of macro-bend through peak analysis for one or more coordinate values of one or more traces.
Patent KR-20180109669-A (KR)
Inventor: MUN MYEONG IL
IPC: G02B27/22
Filed: 2018-01-12
Abstract: Disclosed are smart glasses capable of processing a virtual object while having a display. The smart glasses comprise: a frame assembly forming a shape of glasses by multiple frames; an electronic component mounted on the frame assembly; first and second display devices controlled by a control device of the electronic component, and disposed on central-upper and central-lower sides of the frame assembly, respectively; and an optical system for transferring and projecting a first image output by the first display device and a second image output by the second display device respectively onto first and second main lenses while enlarging or reducing a size of the images or focusing the images, wherein a user sees the first image and the second image on the first main lens and the second main lens, respectively.
Patent KR-20190087065-A (KR)
Title: Laser Cutter and Engraver
Inventor: WOO CHOONG CHAE
IPC: B23K26/70
Filed: 2018-01-16
Abstract: The present invention relates to a laser engraving and cutting device, and more specifically, to a laser engraving and cutting device, which can perform engraving and cutting with respect to materials of various sizes and shapes, and has a minimized volume to be carried. To this end, the laser engraving and cutting device comprises: a laser head moving unit movable in upper and lower directions, and right and left directions; a carbon dioxide laser head attached to the laser head moving unit, and including a laser focal lens; a laser shielding pipe attached to the laser head moving unit, and shielding a carbon dioxide laser projected by the carbon dioxide laser head; and a control unit receiving a control command before controlling the position of the laser head moving unit and the intensity of laser projection of the carbon dioxide laser head according to the received control command.
Patent KR-20190091695-A (KR)
Title: robot control method
Inventor: NAM SANG JUN
IPC: B25J9/16
Filed: 2018-01-29
Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method for controlling a robot relates to a method for controlling the robot in which a plurality of arms are sequentially connected, comprising: a step of calculating the mass of the load by calculating a maximum torque value of two arms among the plurality of arms when driving a robot equipped with the load; and a step of calculating a center of gravity of the load using the estimated mass. Therefore, an objective of the present invention is to provide the method for controlling the robot which can automatically calculate the mass and center of gravity of the load mounted on the robot.
Patent KR-20180038424-A (KR)
Inventor: SHIN HYUN TAIK
IPC: E02D29/02
Filed: 2018-01-29
Abstract: The present invention relates to a strand tensioner and, more specifically, relates to a strand tensioner which comprises: a cylinder; a rod inserted into a front end of the cylinder to move in a front and rear direction of the cylinder, and having a through hole into which a strand is inserted in a front and rear direction; a rear side wedge inserted into the through hole to support the strand; a stopper of which a portion is placed at a rear side of the rear side wedge; an arrangement plate placed at a front side compared to the rod, and into which the strand is inserted in a front and rear direction; a head placed at a front side of the arrangement plate; and a front side wedge placed between the arrangement plate and the head to support the strand. The through hole is formed in a protrusion protruding in a side direction at a front side of the rod, and as stated above, use of the strand for tensioning the strand is reduced. Moreover, when tensioning the strand, possibility of bending the strand is little.
Patent KR-20180090195-A (KR)
Inventor: HATANAKA NOBUYUKI
IPC: G02B5/30
Filed: 2018-01-30
Abstract: A composite polarizer having improved polarization performance is provided. The composite polarizer has an absorptive polarizing film, an orientation film for orienting the absorptive polarizing film and a reflective polarizing plate. An angle between the reflective axis of the reflective polarizing plate and the absorptive axis of the absorptive polarizing film is 8 degrees or less. Moreover, the reflective axis of the reflective polarizing plate faces a roll conveying direction and has in-plane direction 90 ± 8 degrees. The absorptive axis of the absorptive polarizing film is in-plane direction 90 ± 8 degrees with respect to the roll conveying direction. The angle formed between the reflective axis of the reflective polarizing plate and the absorptive axis of the absorptive polarizing film is 8 degrees or less.
Patent KR-20190092063-A (KR)
Title: Frame packageing box
Inventor: KIMGYENGJOONG
IPC: B65D25/10
Filed: 2018-01-30
Abstract: The present invention relates to a frame packaging box for packaging a frame, which includes: a box having a receiving space receiving frames; a plurality of supporters vertically stacked in the receiving space and supporting a certain section of the frames; and a guide rail provided on an inner side wall of the box and guiding vertical movement of the plurality of supporters.
Patent KR-20190092715-A (KR)
Title: Worm Gear Assembly having backlash control structure And pop-up antenna
Inventor: PARK CHAN GOO
IPC: H01Q3/06
Filed: 2018-01-31
Abstract: The present invention relates to a worm gear assembly having a backlash adjustment structure and a popup antenna having the same. More specifically, provided are the worm gear assembly having a backlash adjustment structure prevents vibration caused by backlash due to driving of the worm gear assembly, by having the backlash structure provided on one side of a worm shaft and being installed in the body for receiving a worm shaft and a worm wheel, applying elastic force to squeeze between a worm of the worm shaft and the worm wheel, and properly adjusting the backlash which occurs between the worm and the worm wheel, and the popup antenna having the same.
Patent KR-20180092875-A (KR)
Title: Article transport facility
Inventor: TAKAHARA MASAHIRO
IPC: H01L21/677
Filed: 2018-02-08
Abstract: A traveling path has a first path and a second path that branches or merges with respect to the first path at a connection position of the first path. A management region and a confirmation region are set with respect to the first path. The management region has a range of a first set distance to an upstream side from the connection position and a range of a second set distance to a downstream side from the connection position. The confirmation region has a range of a fourth set distance to the upstream side from a set position. A control unit of a product conveyance vehicle determines whether or not the current state is a leading state where another product conveyance vehicle positioned in the confirmation region in front of the host vehicle is absent in a state where the host vehicle, which is the product conveyance vehicle provided with the control unit, is positioned in the confirmation region. In the case of the leading state, permission requirement information is transmitted that asks for management region passage permission. In the case of a non-leading state, no permission requirement information is transmitted.
Patent KR-20190097945-A (KR)
Title: Self-assembly hot water mat
Inventor: KIM JUNG NAM
IPC: A47C27/00
Filed: 2018-02-13
Abstract: The present invention relates to an assembly type hot water mat which can be expanded through assembly and, more specifically, to an assembly type hot water mat which can be assembled with another assembly type hot water mat, and has four side surfaces including a route through which hot water is circulated. The assembly type hot water mat comprises: a plurality of hot water passages formed in the assembly type hot water mat to provide a plurality of hot water flow paths; a plurality of inlets formed on each of the four side surfaces, and into which hot water is introduced; and a plurality of outlets formed on each of the four side surfaces and discharging the hot water along with the inlets. The inlets and outlets are connected to the hot water passages, and hot water introduced into an inlet of one selected from the four side surfaces can be discharged to an outlet of one selected from the four side surfaces through the hot water passages.
Patent KR-20180021038-A (KR)
Inventor: JEONG SE YOON
IPC: H04N19/176
Filed: 2018-02-14
Abstract: The present invention relates to an image information coding method. The method comprises: a step of predicting information of a current coding unit and generating prediction information; and a step of determining whether the information of the current coding unit is the same as the prediction information. When the information of the current coding unit is the same as the prediction information, a flag indicating that the information of the current coding unit is the same as the prediction information is coded and transmitted. When the information of the current coding unit is not the same as the prediction information, a flag indicating that the information of the current coding unit is not the same as the prediction information and the information of the current coding unit are coded and transmitted. In the step of generating the prediction information, the prediction information may be generated by using information about coding units around the current coding unit.
Patent KR-20190062105-A (KR)
Title: Cable provided with braided shield
Inventor: HUANG DETIAN
IPC: H01B9/00
Filed: 2018-02-19
Abstract: The present invention provides a cable with a braided shield which is excellent in shielding characteristics, flex resistance and twisting resistance. The cable with a braided shield comprises: a conductor (2); an insulation layer (3) arranged to cover a periphery of the conductor (2); a braided shield layer (4) arranged to cover a periphery of the insulation layer (3); and a sheath (5) formed to cover a periphery of the braided shield layer (4). The braided shield layer (4) includes a braided shield braided to cross a copper tinsel wire and a metal wire. An outer diameter D1 of the copper tinsel wire is larger than an outer diameter D2 of the metal wire.
Patent KR-20180101183-A (KR)
Inventor: YU JIN HO
IPC: C11D3/32
Filed: 2018-02-22
Abstract: The present invention relates to a resist stripper solution composition, and more specifically, to a photoresist removing stripper solution composition which does not contain toxic materials harmful to the human body, and has excellent dissolving capability of stripped resists, thereby minimizing the generation of processing problems including clogged filters, etc. and minimizing the corrosion of metallic wires. The photoresist removing stripper solution composition of the present invention contains N-ethylformamide, a first amine compound, and a first polar solvent.
Patent KR-20190101123-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM JONG CHEOL
IPC: C11B1/04
Filed: 2018-02-22
Abstract: The present invention an extraction method of Camellia sinensis L. seed oil with increased squalene content, which comprises a first step of washing Camellia sinensis L. seeds; a second step of crushing the washed Camellia sinensis L. seeds; and a third step of extracting oil from the crushed Camellia sinensis L. seeds.
Patent KR-20180103746-A (KR)
Title: Thermoplastic polyurethane particles and method for preparing the same
Inventor: SONG JAE HAN
IPC: C08L23/08
Filed: 2018-03-08
Abstract: The present invention provides thermoplastic polyurethane particles which effectively prevent the introduction of impurities. The thermoplastic polyurethane particles are formed in a continuous matrix shape from a thermoplastic polyurethane resin, and have a particle diameter larger than or equal to 1 μm but smaller than 200 μm. The thermoplastic polyurethane particles exhibit a peak of a cold crystallization temperature (T_cc) at a temperature between a glass transition temperature (T_g) and a melting point (T_m) on a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curve derived from rising temperature analysis of DSC at 10°C/min. The thermoplastic polyurethane particles have an aspect ratio of higher than or equal to 1 but lower than 1.05, and a spheroidization degree of 0.95-1. The compressibility of the thermoplastic polyurethane particles is 7-15%.
Patent KR-20180033470-A (KR)
Inventor: YON JUNG HEUM
IPC: E01D101/28
Filed: 2018-03-14
Abstract: A precast concrete slab of a partial non-composite continuous bridge and a construction method thereof are disclosed. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the construction method comprises the following steps of: installing a fixed panel of the slab at an internal point of an upper unit of a girder of the bridge; installing at least one non-composite panel on each of both sides of the fixed panel symmetrically; and installing the plurality of precast slabs in the upper unit of the girder of the bridge at a unit where the fixed panel and the non-composite panel are not installed.
Patent KR-20190113220-A (KR)
Title: Electric Vehicle Power System Using Battery Balancing Circuits
Inventor: KIM JAE KUK
IPC: B60L50/50
Filed: 2018-03-28
Abstract: Provided by the present invention are an EV power system using a battery balancing circuit and a method of operating the same. The EV power system using a battery balancing circuit proposed in the present invention includes a high DC-DC converter (HDC) for supplying power generated from the high voltage battery of the battery unit to a motor, and a battery unit. The battery unit includes: a high voltage battery which generates power to drive a motor; a low voltage battery which is to provide power to an electric field load; a first balancing circuit for a battery management system (BMS) of a high voltage battery; and a second balancing circuit for a battery management system (BMS) of a low voltage battery. The state of charge (SOC) of the high voltage battery and the low voltage battery is balanced through the first balancing circuit and the second balancing circuit. The present invention is able to lower price.
Patent KR-20180035767-A (KR)
Inventor: NA EUN KIM
IPC: D06F33/02
Filed: 2018-03-29
Abstract: According to the present invention, a washing machine may comprise: an external tub in which water is put; an internal tub accommodating washing water, and rotating about a vertical axis within the external tub; a circulation nozzle spraying water to the inside of the internal tub; a circulation hose guiding the water discharged from the external tub to the circulation nozzle; and a pump having a pump motor of which a rotating speed can be controlled, and an impeller rotating by the pump motor and transferring the water in the circulation hose to the circulation nozzle.
Patent KR-20190115580-A (KR)
Title: Optical Connector
Inventor: KIM YOUNG HO
IPC: G02B6/38
Filed: 2018-04-03
Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical connector, which comprises: an optical element coupled to one surface of a sub-substrate; a control element coupled to one surface of the sub-substrate at a separated position; a receptacle assembly coupled to the sub-substrate to cover the optical element and the control element; and a plug assembly coupled to the receptacle assembly on a main substrate to which the sub-substrate is coupled. The receptacle assembly includes a receptacle main body forming a closed space with the sub-substrate and accommodating the optical element and the control element in the closed space, and a coupling groove formed in the receptacle main body. The plug assembly includes a plug main body into which an optical transmission cable is inserted, and a coupling member formed to protrude toward a first direction from the plug main body. The coupling member is inserted into the coupling groove as the plug main body moves toward the first direction and fixes the plug main body.
Patent KR-20190117888-A (KR)
Inventor: YUN SEOK SU
IPC: A01C11/02
Filed: 2018-04-09
Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for cutting off power transferred to a rotor output shaft as an elevation link is lifted, which elevates a planting unit of a rice transporter. According to the present invention, the apparatus comprises: a coupler (32) supported to a rotor casing to be interlocked with a rear driving shaft outputting power from a transmission and having a gear unit (32a) formed on the outside; a transfer gear (34) engaged with the gear unit (32a) to be rotated and supported by the rotor casing; a first dog clutch (42) interlocked with the transfer gear (34) and supported to the rotor output shaft in an idling state; a second dog clutch (44) elastically supported in the direction coupled to the first dog clutch (42) by an elastic member and coupled to be interlocked with the rotor output shaft; and a control shaft (22) having an eccentric protrusion end part (22a) coming in contact with the outer flange part (44a) of the second dog clutch, and rotating when the elevation link of the rice transporter is lifted by a predetermined section. Moreover, when the eccentric protrusion end part presses the outer flange part of the second dog clutch by rotation of the control shaft to separate the second dog clutch from the first dog clutch, it is possible to cut off power transfer to the rotor output shaft.
Patent KR-20180118048-A (KR)
Inventor: OGAMI SATOSHI
IPC: C03C21/00
Filed: 2018-04-16
Abstract: The present invention provides chemically tempered glass, which can sufficiently exhibit the performance inherent in glass. The chemically tempered glass is chemically tempered glass in which lithium-containing aluminosilicate glass is chemically tempered, and when the plate thickness of the chemically tempered glass is t (μm) and the internal stress at the depth x (μm) from the surface of the chemically tempered glass is σ(X)(MPa), the ratio of rE (kJ/m^2) obtained from a predetermined formula and rE_limit=16xt/1000+3, C=rE/rE_limit, is 0.7 or more and less than 1.0.