Patent GB-654533-A (GB)
Title: Metal lubricating base compositions
IPC: C10M157/10
Filed: 1948-07-22
Abstract: A lubricating composition comprises from 1-50 per cent by weight, based on the whole composition, of an associated or polymerized silicon-containing organic compound of the general formula <FORM:0654533/IV (a)/1> p  in which R is the same or different unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbon radical having less than 20 carbon atoms and n is at least 2, and from 5 to 80 per cent by weight of a reaction product obtained by treating a polymer and/or co-polymer of a hydrocarbon having an unsaturated aliphatic bond with a sulphurizing agent or an analagous compound suitable for introducing selenium or tellurium.  The radical R of the silicon compound may be alkyl, alkenyl, aralkyl, alkaryl or heterocyclic, but is preferably a straight chain or cycloaliphatic radical, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, butyl, amyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, bornyl and fenchyl; these radicals may be substituted by halogen or alkoxy radicals. Silicones containing different alkyl radicals may also be used. Preferred silicones are dialkyl silicones such as dimethyl, di-n-propyl, di-isopropyl, dilauryl and dicetyl silicones, or a mixture of a silicone having short alkyl radicals with one having long alkyl radicals may be used.  The silicon-containing compounds may be prepared in the usual manner, and association or polymerization may be promoted by carrying out the reaction in the presence of oxygen with an acidic agent such as hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid, boron trifluoride or bromine, at elevated temperature.  The hydrocarbon polymer or copolymer may be obtained from olefinic or acetylenic hydrocarbons such as olefines obtained by dehalogenation of halogenated paraffins or by cracking of paraffin waxes; other unsaturated hydrocarbons mentioned are ethylene, propylene, butene-1, butene-2, isobutylene, the amylenes, hexene-1, 4-methyl-pentene-1, 4,4-dimethyl-pentene-1, 4-methyl-pentene-2, octene-1,decene-1,cetene-1, styrene, cyclohexene, 3-methyl-cyclohexene, 1,4, diphenyl butene-2, butadiene-1,3, pentadiene-1,3, pentadiene-1,4, hexadiene-1,5, hexadiene-1,4, pentadecene-8, heptadecene-1, hexadecene-1, tridecene-7, nonadecene-10, 3,9-diethyltridecene-6, dodecene-1, triacontene-14, pentatriacontene-17, olefines obtained by dehydration of high molecular weight saturated alcohols, acetylene, propyne, butyne-1, pentyne-2, hexyne-1, cetyne-1, octyl acetylene and phenyl acetylene. Copolymers of olefins such as isobutylene, 2 - methylbutene - 1, 2 - ethylbutene-1, secondary and tertiary amylenes and hexylenes with butadiene, isoprene, cyclopentadiene-2,3, dimethylbutadiene-1,3, pentadiene - 1,3, hexadiene - 2,4, di - isobutenyl, acetylene and vinyl acetylene are also mentioned.  Sulphurizing agents and analogous materials specified are sulphur, sulphur mono-and di-chloride, sodium polysulphides, e.g. sodium tetra- and penta-sulphide, sulphur dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, selenide and telluride, ammonium hydrosulphide-hydrogen sulphide, phosphorus penta-, tri- and heptasulphides, phosphorus pentaselenide and phosphorus pentatelluride.  The polymerization or copolymerization may be carried out in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst, and the product may be sulphurized in the presence of a catalyst such as 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, tetramethylthiuram, iodine, zinc chloride, zinc oxide and organic amines such as hexamethylenetetramine.  The composition may contain up to 25 per cent by weight of a non-abrasive mineral filler such as bentonite, pulverized clay, colloidal clay, tungsten sulphide and disulphide, titanium sulphide, stannic sulphide, molybdenum sulphide and disulphide, zirconium selenide, titanium telluride, lead iodide, cadmium iodide, silver sulphate and borax.  A preferred composition contains 5-25 per cent of silicon compound, 30-60 per cent of the sulphurized hydrocarbon polymer and 10-20 per cent of the mineral filler.  The composition may be dispersed in a diluent such as kerosene, gas oil, petroleum naphtha, kerosene sulphur dioxide extract, aromatic solvents, petroleum ethers and light lubricating oil fractions.  Fatty oils such as castor oil, palm oil, peanut oil and lard oil, synthetic lubricants such as those produced by the polymerization of olefines or those of the synthetic ester or ether type, may also be added.ALSO:A lubricating composition comprises from 1-50 per cent by weight, based on the whole composition, of an associated or polymerized silicon-containing organic compound of the general formula <FORM:0654533/III/1> or <FORM:0654533/III/2> in which R is the same or different unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbon radical having less than 20 carbon atoms and n is at least 2, and from 5 to 80 per cent by weight of a reaction product obtained by treating a polymer and/or copolymer of a hydrocarbon having an unsaturated aliphatic bond with a sulphurizing agent or an analogous compound suitable for introducing selenium or tellurium.  The radical R of the silicon compound may be alkyl, alkenyl, aralkyl, alkaryl or heterocyclic, but is preferably a straight chain or cycloaliphatic radical, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, butyl, amyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, bornyl and fenchyl; these radicals may be substituted by halogen or alkoxy radicals. Silicones containing different alkyl radicals may also be used. Preferred silicones are dialkyl silicones such as dimethyl, di-n-propyl, di-isopropyl, dilauryl and dicetyl silicones, or a mixture of a silicone having short alkyl radicals with one having long alkyl radicals may be used. The hydrocarbon polymer or copolymer may be obtained from olefinic or acetylenic hydrocarbons, such as olefines obtained by dehalogenation of halogenated paraffins or by cracking of paraffin waxes; other unsaturated hydrocarbons mentioned are ethylene, propylene, butene-1, butene-2, isobutylene, the amylenes, hexene-1, 4-methyl-pentene-1, 4,4-dimethyl-pentene-1, 4-methyl-pentene-2, octene-1, decene-1, cetene-1, styrene, cyclohexene, 3 - methyl - cyclohexene, 1,4-diphenyl butene-2, butadiene-1,3, pentadiene-1,3, pentadiene-1,4, hexadiene-1,5, hexadiene-1,4, pentadecene-8, heptadecene-1, hexadecene-1, tridecene - 7, nonadecene - 10, 3,9 - diethyltridecene-6, dodecene-1, triacontene-14, pentatriacontene-17, olefines obtained by dehydration of high molecular weight saturated alcohols, acetylene, propyne, butyne - 1, pentyne - 2, hexyne-1, cetyne-1, octyl acetylene and phenyl acetylene.  Copolymers of olefins such as isobutylene, 2-methylbutene-1, 2-ethylbutene-1, secondary and tertiary amylenes and hexylenes with butadiene, isoprene, cyclopentadiene, 2,3-dimethylbutadiene-1,3, pentadiene-1,3, hexadiene-2,4, di-isobutenyl acetylene and vinyl acetylene are also mentioned.  Sulphurizing agents and analogous materials specified are sulphur, sulphur mono and dichloride, sodium polysulphides, e.g. sodium tetra and pentasulphide, hydrogen sulphide, selenide and telluride, ammonium hydrosulphide-hydrogen sulphide, phosphorus penta-, tri- and heptasulphides, phosphorus pentaselenide and phosphorus pentatelluride.  The composition may contain up to 25 per cent by weight of a non-abrasive mineral filler such as bentonite, pulverized clay, colloidal clay, tungsten sulphide and disulphide, titanium sulphide, stannic sulphide, molybdenum sulphide and disulphide, zirconium selenide, p  titanium telluride, lead iodide, cadmium iodide, silver sulphate and borax.  A preferred composition contains 5-25 per cent of the silicon compound, 30-60 per cent of the sulphurized hydrocarbon polymer and 10-20 per cent of the mineral filler.  The composition may be dispersed in a diluent such as kerosene, gas oil, petroleum naphtha, kerosene sulphur dioxide extract, aromatic solvents, petroleum ethers and light lubricating oil fractions.  Fatty oils such as castor oil, palm oil, peanut oil and lard oil, synthetic lubricants such as those produced by the polymerization of olefines or those of the synthetic ester or ether type may also be added.