baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1015599-A (GB)
Title: Drying liquid materials containing dissolved and/or suspended solids
IPC: F26B21/08
Filed: 1962-10-04
Abstract: 1,015,599. Evaporating liquids ; spray driers ; air - dehumidification / desiccant - regeneration cycle. BIRS BETEILIGUNGSUND VER. WALTUNGSGESELLSCHAFT A.G. Oct. 4, 1962 [April 6, 1962], No. 37592/62. Headings B1B and B1L.  Solid material, dissolved or suspended in liquid, is dried by dispersing the solution or dispersion into the upper part of tower 1 where the dispersion is contacted with dehumidified air at a temperature of 0-60‹C., e.g. 25-35 ‹C., atmospheric air being supplied to the tower via tower-jacket 4, dehumidifier 2a or 2b, tower-jacket 5, and inlet 9. The product, a porous powder, is obtained at the bottom of the tower ; and moist air is discharged at the top via outlet 11. The tower walls and the zig-zag intermediate wall between the jackets are made of cement, or other material of heat-storing capacity; and the intermediate wall is provided with a heatinsulating layer. The dehumidifiers 2a and 2b contain silica gel or a molecular sieve. Dehumidifiers 2a and 2b are operated in alternate cycles; when one of the elements is being used for dehumidification of the air for the tower, the other element is being regenerated by air which has been raised to a temperature between 150 ‹C. and 300 ‹C. in heat-exchangers 6 and 7. The air leaving tower-jacket 4 divides into two streams ; in one cycle part of the air flows via dehumidifier 2a into towerjacket 5, and the remainder of the air flows via heat-storage device 3a and beat-exchangers 6, 7 for use in regenerating dehumidifier 2b, after which this air is discharged via heatstorage device 3b and outlet 10. When the packing of dehumidifier 2a exceeds a predetermined temperature, e.g. 50 ‹C., a thermosensitive relay automatically operates the valves in the air-conduits to direct the fresh air into the regenerated dehumidifier 2b, and to supply hot regenerating air into exhausted dehumidifier 2a. Part of the heat evolved in the final time period of each dehumidification stage is stored in jacket 5, and this heat is returned to the air flowing through jacket 5 in the initial time period of the next dehumidification stage. If desired, the air may be led up and down each tower-jacket several times before it leaves the jacket.
Patent GB-969538-A (GB)
Title: Method of removing volatile constituents and carbon from rice hulls
IPC: C01B33/12
Filed: 1961-10-20
Abstract: <PICT:0969538/C1/1> A method of removing carbon from carbonaceous rice hull ash from which the volatile constituents have been removed comprises forming a bed of the ash, causing an oxygen-containing gas to flow upwardly therethrough at a rate controlled to maintain a temperature between 500 DEG  and 800 DEG  C. in the presence of oxygen-containing gas until the carbon is removed. The oxygen-containing gas may be air, and the preferred rate is between 55 and 174 lb./hour/square foot of bed.  Initially the gas burner 32, Fig. 1, heats the space between the container 34 and the brickwork 12 to 500 DEG -800 DEG  C., and the air supply enters through conduit 22, passes down the paths 14 into the central chamber 29 through passages 30.  The rice hulls are introduced tangentially into the combustion chamber from conduit 42, and air is supplied at a rate sufficient to suspend the rice hulls and move them upward in a time just longer than necessary to consume the volatile parts of the hulls. The heat from the burner is then reduced.  The hulls with the volatile constituents removed are deflected by the baffles 50 over the periphery of the cone 44 and fall down the inside wall of the cone, the majority of the gas escaping up the stack 52. The burnt hulls fall into a bed in container 34 which is supplied with oxygen-containing gas from conduit 66.  A curing period of 20-30 minutes gives a product which is 90-98% amorphous silica.  The ash-product in container 34 is removed through the rotary valve 36.
Patent GB-842417-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to electric cable couplings
Inventor: JAMES WILLIAM CHARLES
IPC: H01R13/52
Filed: 1956-12-11
Abstract: 842,417. Two-part couplings. SIMMONDS & STOKES (NIPHAN) Ltd. Dec. 9, 1957. [Dec. 11, 1956], No. 37790/56. Class 38(1). In a plug and socket coupling comprising outer metal casings 1, 1A containing insulating contact-carrying blocks 3, 3A, said blocks are held against means limiting their forward movement in the casings, e.g. screws 5, 5A, by insulating sleeves 7, 7A, which line the interior of the casings. The blocks may thus be assembled to the casings after connection to the cable conductors. The casing 1 is shown attached to a panel 8 with the sleeve 7 abutting against a washer 9 held captive in a counterbore 10, whilst the sleeve 7A, in casing 1A, abuts a washer 12 forming, together with a washer 13, a recess for a sealing ring 15 adapted to seal against the inner cable sheath 14B. The washers 12, 13 and a flanged adaptor 16 carrying a gland 18 are clamped together and to the casing 1A, with the cable armouring 14A trapped between washer 13 and the adaptor, by bolts 17. Casings 1, 1A, are drawn together, with the interposition of a sealing washer 20, by bolts 19 or a ring nut. Where T.R.S. or P.V.C. sheathed cable is used, the washers 12, 13 may be replaced by a washer 9 as in casing 1 and on to which the adaptor 16 bears. Fig. 2 shows a modification wherein provision is made for the block 3 to be withdrawn from the front of the casing by using a removable screw-threaded ring 21 as the means for limiting forward movement of the block. A disc, apertured for the passage of cable conductors, may be provided at the inner end of the sleeve 7 or 7A and in abutment with the block 3 or 3A (Fig. 4, not shown). This disc may replace the washer 9. Specifications 735,937 and 842,418 are referred to.
Patent GB-1366354-A (GB)
Title: Production of polyesteramides from aziridine salts
IPC: C07C63/26
Filed: 1971-08-16
Abstract: 1366354 Aziridine salts; polyesteramides VULCAN MATERIALS CO 16 Aug 1971 [31 Aug 1970 (2)] 38367/71 Heading C2C [Also in Divisions B5 and C3] The invention comprises aziridine salts of formula in which R<SP>1</SP> is alkylene, arylene or aralkylene optionally substituted by fluorine, chlorine or bromine, or C 1 -C 15  alkyl or C 1 -C 15  alkoxy groups; and R<SP>2</SP> and R<SP>3</SP> are hydrogen, alkyl or aryl. They may be prepared by reacting a dicarboxylic acid of formula HOOC-R<SP>1</SP>-COOH with an aziridine compound of formula Suitable acids are, for example, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, biasoylic acid, phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, 1,8-naphthalene-dicarboxylic acid, p,p<SP>1</SP>-benzophenonedicarboxylic acid, 3-methylphthalic acid, hemipic acid, 3-bromophthalic acid, 4-chloroisophthalic acid, tetrabromophthalic acid, tetrachlorophthalic acid and chlorendic acid. The preferred aziridine compound is ethylene imine. The aziridine salts may be further reacted with at least one polyhydric alcohol and at least one polycarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof to give, for example, polyesteramides having repeating units of the formula in which R<SP>4</SP> is an aminoalkyleneoxy group derived from the aziridine nucleus, R<SP>5</SP> is derived from a dicarboxylic acid R<SP>5</SP>(COOH) 2  and R 6  is derived from a dihydric alcohol R<SP>6</SP>(OH) 2 . Preferably R<SP>5</SP> is a divalent radical -CH = CR<SP>8</SP>- in which R<SP>8</SP> is hydrogen or lower alkyl. Other polyesteramides which may be found are those having repeating units of formula
Patent GB-369297-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture and production of vinyl ethers
IPC: C07C43/16
Filed: 1930-12-24
Abstract: Vinyl ethers are obtained by the action at 80-250 DEG  C. of acetylene on liquefied monomeric hydroxy-compounds in the presence of alkaline agents capable of forming alcoholates or pheno-1 ates, or in the form of such alcoholates or phenolates.  The hydroxy-compound may contain other substituent groups, such as carboxyl, ester, amino, oxyalkylamino, hydroxyether or alkyloxyether groups, but should not contain groups sensitive to alkali, e.g. easily exchangeable halogen atoms, ketone, aldehyde, or nitro groups.  The alkaline agents may be alkali or alkaline earth metal oxides, hydroxides and cyanides, and may be incorporated with mercury compounds, and may be used in conjunction with mercury compounds.  The reaction may carried out at ordinary or increased pressure, and may be continuous or discontinuous.  The acetylene may be diluted with inert gases such as nitrogen, methane, ethane, hydrogen, or mixtures thereof, in order to prevent explosions, but this end may also be attained by working continuously in narrow pipes consisting of materials of good heat-conductivity.  If unnecessarily elevated temperatures are used in the production of monovinyl ethers of polyhydric alcohols, cyclic acetals may also be formed.  Saturated ethers may be obtained from the vinyl ethers by catalytic hydrogenation in the liquid or vapour phase.  The examples describe the preparation of vinyl ethers from methanol, ethanol, propanol, and isopropanol, n-butanol, n-pentanol, cyclohexanol, mono-, di-, tri-, and poly-ethylene glycol, monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol, phenol, m-cresol, b -naphthol, octanol, octodecanol, decanol, dodecanol, tetradecanol, montanol, di and tri-ethanolamine, and ricinoleic acid.  The Specification refers to the preparation of alkyl ethers from vinyl sulphuric acid, and to the use in the production of acetals from acetylene and alcohols of boron fluoride, silicon fluoride and, for vapour-phase operation, of metals or their oxides or salts as catalysts.  Specifications 14246/13 and 231,841, [both in Class 2 (iii), Dyes &c.], are referred to.
Patent GB-1427022-A (GB)
Title: Roofing tile fastener
IPC: E04D1/34
Filed: 1972-08-22
Abstract: 1427022 Roofing tile fastener, hooks BURLINGTON SLATE Ltd 12 July 1973 [22 Aug 1972] 38972/72 Headings E1B and E2A A roofing tile fastener consists of a double ended hook 10 comprising a shank 14 having at one end a tile-tail receiving hook portion 12 and at the other end a pointed slat-engaging hook portion 18 constituted by a linear end section extending laterally from the shank at an acute angle e.g. 50‹-55‹, the length of which is such that the hook portions do not overlap in the longitudinal direction of the shank. The tile-tail receiving hook portion is preferably curved back to extend parallel to the adjacent part of the shank to give a J-shaped configuration and the terminal part 16 is conveniently shaped to curve away from the shank to facilitate entry of the tail of the tile. The sharpened point 36 can either be hooked over the slat or caused to penetrate into it. The shank may be of wavy or undulating form. The fastener may be made of copper, plastics material or preferably of stainless steel wire.
Patent GB-1374803-A (GB)
Title: Fluorinated organic compound mixtures
IPC: C07B61/00
Filed: 1971-08-19
Abstract: 1374803 Proofing against oil and water UGINE KUHLMANN 19 Aug 1971 [20 Aug 1970] 39032/71 Addition to 1218759 Heading D1P [Also in Divisions C2 and C5] The invention comprises a mixture of a compound of the formula: and a compound of the formula: where C n F 2n+1  and C n-1 F 2n-1  each represent a straight or branched perfluorinated chain, n is 1 to 20, R 2  is hydrogen or a C 1 -C 3  alkyl radical, Q is -(CHR 2 ) b <SP>-</SP> where b is 1 to 10 and R 1  is hydrogen, a C 1 -C 20  alkyl radical, a C 3 -C 10  alkenyl radical, a C 3  to C 12  cycloalkyl radical, an aryl radical, a C 5  to C 12  cycloalkenyl radical, -(CHR 2 ) b OH or the radical C n F 2n+1  (CR 2 R 2 ) a  where a is 2 or 4 and Q and R 1  may form an alkylene radical (CHR 2 ) n  where p is 2 to 6. The mixtures can be used as oil proofing, water proofing or anti stain agents for textiles. The exemplified mixtures are those where n=4, 6, 8 or 10, R 2  is hydrogen, Q is C 2 H 4  and R 1  is hydrogen, methyl or hexyl.
Patent GB-1031290-A (GB)
Title: Process for preparing a polyester
IPC: C08G63/183
Filed: 1963-10-04
Abstract: Terephthalic acid is purified by forming an aqueous solution of its alkali metal salt, adding inorganic acid thereto and washing the precipitate with water at 50-200 DEG  C. until its ash value is not more than 0.01%.
Patent GB-835972-A (GB)
Title: Method and apparatus for dispelling fog
IPC: A01G15/00
Filed: 1957-12-18
Abstract: 835,972. Dispersing fog. BOUCHER, R. M. G. Dec. 18, 1957 [Dec. 18, 1956], No. 39320/57. Class 6(2). [Also in Group XXXVIII] A method of dispersing fog comprises a physical or chemical method of agglomerating the fog droplets together with an intense acoustic field of an intensity between 100 and 180 decibels to complete the agglomeration. Any known method of inducing condensation may be used, such as the emission of hygroscopic nuclei either thermally or by spray, sudden cooling by liquid air, solid CO 2  or propane, or the dispersion of substances such as silver iodide or wetting agents. In the form shown, hot-gas blowers 2 are interspersed with acoustic generators 3 (see Group XXXVIII) along an aircraft runway 1. Each hot-gas blower, Fig. 3, comprises an evaporator chamber 9 into which a solution of calcium chloride is sprayed, through nozzles 12, and which receives a hot blast of gas from an oil-burner 8. The chamber opens into a duct 13 through which passes a blast of cold air from a fan 10. The whole assembly is mounted on wheels 16. Fog-detecting instruments 7 are connected to the control tower, from which the blowers and acoustic generators are remotely controlled, through electric power-lines 6 and compressedair conduits 4. Each acoustic generator is of the type described in Specification 752,795 and has an output intensity of 110 decibels at a point 25 ems from the source and a maximum frequency 500 Kcs. The distance between each siren and the adjacent burner lies between 10 and 100 metres. Specification 445,775 also is referred to.
Patent GB-345626-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the production of saturated fatty acids
IPC: C11C1/04
Filed: 1929-12-24
Abstract: Saturated fatty acids are produced by the simultaneous hydrolysis and catalytic hydrogenation of fatty acids, fats, or esters.  Mixtures of saturated and unsaturated acids containing any desired proportion of saturated acids may be obtained by stopping the reaction before complete hydrogeneration.  For example, a mixture of steam and hydrogen or gas containing hydrogen is circulated through fat charged with nickel as catalyst, or a mixture of fat and catalyst is atomized in a mixture of steam and hydrogen; the product is filtered hot, allowed to settle, and the solidified acids separated.  Or 10 lb. of methyl ester of oleic acid, 5 lb. of water, 0,2 lb. of magnesium oxide, 2 lb. of nickel-kieselguhr or of a palladious chloride catalyst, and hydrogen at 10 atmospheres are heated in a stirring autoclave to 200 DEG  C., hydrogen being added as used.  The product is acidified, and the stearic acid formed is extracted by ether. Examples are also given of the treatment of cottonseed oil, earthnut oil, and linseed oil, water or water and zinc oxide being used to effect hydrolysis, and nickel-carbon or nickel-kieselguhr being used as catalyst.  Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specifications 5112/82, 2798/83, 3658/83, 5715/09, and 16260/09, [all in Class 91, Oils &c.].ALSO:Fatty acids are produced by the simultaneous hydrolysis and catalytic hydrogenation of fats or fatty acid esters.  Mixtures of saturated and unsaturated acids containing any desired proportion of saturated acids may be obtained by stopping the reaction before complete hydrogenation.  For example, a mixture of steam and hydrogen or gas containing hydrogen is circulated through fat charged with a nickel catalyst, or a mixture of fat and catalyst is atomized in a mixture of steam and hydrogen; the product is filtered hot, allowed to settle, and the solidified acids separated.  Or the methyl ester of oleic acid, a nickel-kieselguhr or a palladious chloride catalyst, magnesium oxide, water, and hydrogen at 10 atmospheres are heated in a stirring autoclave to 200 DEG  C., hydrogen being added as used.  The product is acidified, and the stearic acid formed is extracted by ether.  Examples are also given of the treatment of cottonseed oil, earthnut oil and linseed oil, water or water and zinc oxide being used to effect hydrolysis, and nickel carbon or nickel-kieselguhr being used as catalyst.  Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specifications 5112/82, 2798/83, 3658/83, 5715/09 and 16260/09, [all in Class 91, Oils &c.].
Patent GB-1163610-A (GB)
Title: Process and Apparatus for Deboning Meat.
Inventor: BROWN FRANK MCGHINNIS
IPC: A22C17/00
Filed: 1967-08-29
Abstract: 1,163,610. Deboning meat. GEO. A. HORMEL & CO. 29 Aug., 1967, No. 39445/67. Heading A2U. In a process for deboning meat, a chunk of meat is positioned against an apertured barrier or plate such that the bone in the meat projects through the aperture and the bone is subsequently simultaneously forced through the aperture and subjected to high velocity jets, e.g. of water, to strip the meat from the bone, the meat not passing through the aperture but being retained by the barrier or plate. A suitable apparatus for deboning meat comprises a number of deboning units 23. Each unit 23 comprises a lower and upper cylindrical cabinet 24, 25, each cabinet comprising a movable section 24b, 25b which is hinged to a fixed section 24a, 25a and is under the control of a double acting pneumatic cylinder 29, 33. Between the cabinets 24, 25 is a device 38 comprising a vertically adjustable barrier assembly 63 with aperture 72 and horizontally adjustable jet means 44 and jet means 56 arranged above and around the aperture 72. The barrier comprises segments 64 yieldable under the action of pneumatic cylinders 81. Arranged in the cabinets is a vertically movable and rotatable spindle 121 which is adapted to engage a pinning mechanism 130 which holds the meat to be boned. The spindle 121 is connected by an arm 108 to a carriage 100 which is movable up and down by the action of piston 97 in cylinder 96. The apparatus comprises rotatably mounted electromagnetic means 145, 154 for supplying to, and removing from, the spindle 121 a pinning mechanism 130, and pneumatic cylinders for aligning the pinning mechanism 130 to allow its removal from the spindle 121. In use a pinning mechanism 130 holding the meat by its pins 133 being in the bone of the meat, is engaged by electromagnetic means 145 and is positioned in the lower cabinet 24 below device 38 and spindle 121. The spindle 121 is moved down to engage the pinning mechanism 130 and the means 145 are deenergized. The spindle 121 is moved up and the bone is simultaneously pulled through the aperture 72 and subjected to high velocity water jets from jet means 44 and 56. The meat is retained against the under-side of barrier 63. When the bone is completely removed the upward movement of spindle 121 is stopped and the meat falls on to rods 165 which convey it to conveyer 166. The water draining through rods 165 is conveyed to drain 167. The pinning mechanism 130 with the bone is removed from the spindle 121 by electromagnetic means 154 and, on the deenergization of the means 154, is discharged on to a conveyer.
Patent GB-1454960-A (GB)
Title: Pigment-free coating compositions
IPC: C03C17/30
Filed: 1974-09-11
Abstract: 1454960 Coated products DOW CORNING CORP 11 Sept 1974 [25 June 1974] 39547/74 Heading B2E [Also in Division C3] Coatings are obtained from pigment-free aqueous compositions comprising a dispersion of colloidal silica in a C 1 -C 4  aliphatic-alcoholwater solution of the partial condensate of a silanol of the formula RSi(OH) 3  where R is selected from C 1 -C 3  alkyl, vinyl, 3, 3, 3-trifluoropropyl, gamma-glycidoxypropyl and gamma-methacryloxypropyl radicals, at least 70% wt of the silanol being (CH 3 )Si(OH) 3 , said composition containing 10-50 wt % solids consisting essentially of 10-70 wt % colloidal silica and 30-90 wt % of the partial condensate, said composition containing sufficient acid to provide a pH of 3-6. The alcohol preferably comprises 20-75 wt % of the cosolvent and preferably at least 40 wt% of the alcohol is isopropanol. The solvent may comprise up to 20 wt % of another water-miscible polar solvent e.g. acetone or 2-butoxyethanol. The particle size of the colloidal silica is preferably 10-30 millimicrons. The acid may be inorganic or organic and is preferably acetic, formic, propionic or maleic acid. The composition may contain 0.05-1.5 % wt of a buffered latent silanol condensation catalyst e.g. the sodium salt of the organic acid, an amine carboxylate or a quarternary ammonium carboxylate e.g. benzyltrimethyl ammonium acetate. The compositions may be prepared by adding trialkoxysilanes e.g. RSi(OCH 3 ) 3  to colloidal silica hydrosols and adjusting the pH with the organic acid. The compositions can be applied to synthetic organic polymeric substrates in sheet or film form e.g. acrylic polymers, polyesters, polycarbonates, polyamides, polyimides, copolymers of acrylonitrile-styrene, styreneacrylonitrile-butadiene copolymers, polyvinyl chloride, polybutyrates and polyethylene; wood metal, printed surfaces, leather, glass, ceramics and textiles, and can be air-dried, and cured by heating to 50-150C. In the examples coating compositions prepared as above are applied to biaxially oriented stretched panels of poly- (methylmethacrylate), glass reinforced polyester panels, spodiumene ceramic and cordierite heat exchanger core samples, poly(diethyleneglycolbisallyl) carbonate panels, silvered acrylic panels, panels of polycarbonate primed with a silane-modified epoxy resin, the silane being #- aiminoethyl - gamma - aminopropyl - trimethoxysilane, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, silicone resin and rubber, cellulosic thermoplastics, polyesters, aluminium panels, and styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer mouldings primed with the above silane modified epoxy resin. The coatings are then cured by heating.