baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent ES-2508815-B1 (ES)
Title: Tapa estanca para arquetas de registro
Inventor: ALBACETE GARCIA FRANCISCO
IPC: E02D29/14
Filed: 2013-04-16
Granted: 2015-05-28
Abstract: Tapa estanca para arquetas de registro.#La invención se refiere a una tapa para arquetas de registro que comprende una hoja (1) practicable dispuesta sobre una rejilla (2) cerrada de poliéster reforzado con fibra de vidrio; donde dicha tapa comprende, asimismo, un marco (3) fijable a obra mediante medios de fijación (6), donde dicho marco (3) está unido a la hoja (1) por bisagras (4); y donde la tapa comprende un sistema de cierre (5) configurado para permitir el cierre de la hoja (1) en el marco (3) mediante un candado. La tapa de la invención permite obtener un cierre estanco de la arqueta, de gran resistencia y con un peso reducido.
Patent ES-2529698-B1 (ES)
Title: Sistema de mejora de eficiencia energética en plantas de producción de energía
Inventor: PONS BASCONES ANTONIO
IPC: F01K17/06
Filed: 2013-08-21
Granted: 2015-09-24
Abstract: Sistema de mejora de eficiencia energética en plantas de producción de energía.#Sistema en una planta de producción de energía que comprende una turbina (1), un aerocondesador (2), unos hornos y/o calderas de combustión (3), donde adicionalmente se dispone un conducto (4) que capta y aporta el aire caliente de la salida del aerocondensador (2) a la entrada del aire de combustión de los hornos y/o calderas (3), adicionalmente puede comprender unos medios de actuación y control asociados con el conducto (4) y antes de la entrada a las calderas (2), que consistirán en unas válvulas de persiana (10) accionadas por un actuador proporcional, y unos sensores de temperatura (11). Gracias al sistema descrito se consigue, debido a la energía térmica recuperada a través del aire de combustión, que el rendimiento global de la central térmica se vea claramente mejorado.
Patent ES-2537831-B1 (ES)
Title: Dispositivo automático para biopsias cutáneas
Inventor: GRILLO FERNANDEZ EMILIANO
IPC: A61B10/02
Filed: 2013-11-12
Granted: 2016-05-04
Abstract: La invención describe un dispositivo automático para la realización de biopsias cutáneas que comprende una carcasa (2) que aloja un vástago (3) en cuyo extremo distal (3a) hay una cuchilla (4) circular, y medios para provocar un giro y avance longitudinal simultáneos del vástago (3) desde una primera posición retraída en que la cuchilla (4) del vástago (3) no sobresale por el extremo distal (2a) de la carcasa (2) hasta una segunda posición extendida en que la cuchilla (4) del vástago (3) sobresale por el extremo distal (2a) de la carcasa seguido de un giro y retroceso longitudinal simultáneos de dicho vástago (3) desde dicha segunda posición extendida hasta dicha primera posición retraída.#
Patent ES-2462868-B1 (ES)
Title: Sistema de seguridad vial para peatones con discapacidades sensoriales y/o físicas
Inventor: NADAL LATORRE IVÁN
IPC: G09B21/00
Filed: 2013-12-08
Granted: 2015-01-20
Abstract: El objeto de esta invención es un sistema de seguridad vial para peatones con discapacidades sensoriales y/o físicas que comprende unos medios electrónicos vinculados a un microprocesador que gestionan el funcionamiento del sistema, el cual a su vez comprende un sensor emisor (11), un sensor magnético de activación y un módulo receptor vibrador, vinculado a unas luces de señalización viaria mediante señales de radiofrecuencia, Bluetooth o cualquier otra tecnología de conexión inalámbrica, siendo las luces las propias de un semáforo (8) o LED (10) implantados en el pavimento de la calzada, en paralelo a una o ambas bandas señalizadoras del paso de peatones (9), y estando el sensor emisor (11) implantado en el semáforo o en el pavimento próximo a las luces y el modulo receptor vibrador vinculado al bastón auxiliar o un objeto portado por la persona discapacitada.
Patent ES-2583178-B1 (ES)
Title: Cerveza obtenida mediante fermentación con Saccharomvces boulardii
Inventor: MARIN INIESTA FULGENCIO
IPC: C12C12/04
Filed: 2015-03-17
Granted: 2017-07-24
Abstract: Cerveza obtenida mediante fermentación con Saccharomyces boulardii.#La invención se define como una bebida con aporte importante de microorganismos probióticos a la microflora intestinal. Esta bebida es el resultado de la fermentación alcohólica, mediante la utilización de la especie de levadura probiótica Saccharomyces boulardii, de un mosto procedente de malta de cebada, sola o mezclado con otros productos amiláceos (trigo, arroz, maíz, etc.) transformables en azúcares por digestión enzimática, adicionado con lúpulo y/o sus derivados y sometido a un proceso de cocción. La fermentación con S. boulardii antes y después del embotellado permite obtener una cerveza con dicho microorganismo probiótico en suspensión a una concentración mayor de 10{sup,5} ufc/ml (células viables) mediante la refermentación de la cerveza en su propio envase lo que a su vez aporta el CO{sub,2} encargado de la carbonatación y la formación de la espuma en este tipo de bebidas.
Patent ES-2586395-B1 (ES)
Title: Sistema ecológico para cultivar en alfeizares de ventanas
Inventor: PINAN GONZALEZ GEMA
IPC: A01G9/02
Filed: 2015-04-11
Granted: 2017-07-21
Abstract: Sistema ecológico de cultivo dispuesto de forma segura en los alfeizares (fig. 7-1) de las ventanas (fig. 7-2) mediante un soporte metálico (fig. 7-3) que proporciona seguridad al sistema, siendo "invisible" desde el exterior y evitando impacto óptico en las fachadas. Contiene unas perforaciones (fig. 7-4) en las que se enroscan unas varillas metálicas (fig. 7-5) y se insertan en el lateral (fig. 7-6) de un contenedor compacto. Este contenedor comprende: una zona de cultivo (fig. 7-7) y otra recoge aguas (fig. 7-8). Está pensado para cultivar, en pequeños espacios, verduras y hortalizas orgánicas. Es altamente eficiente, permitiendo el óptimo desarrollo de los vegetales, obteniéndose alimentos orgánicos de primera calidad y siendo una ayuda para la economía doméstica. Los materiales utilizados son ecológicos: reciclados o/y bioplásticos y/o naturales. Todos respetuosos con el medio ambiente.
Patent ES-2610971-B1 (ES)
Title: Proceso de grabación de superficies de aluminio
Inventor: SANCHEZ MARTINEZ SEGUNDO ANTONIO
IPC: B21H8/00
Filed: 2015-09-30
Granted: 2018-02-09
Abstract: El proceso consiste en un gofrado muy superficial combinado con un laminado superficial, que implica una pequeña reducción de espesor, aplicado tanto a láminas con espesores de varios milímetros, como a hojas de aluminio de espesor inferior a 0,3 mm, suministradas, en cualquiera de los dos casos, tanto en láminas independientes como en bobina continua.
Patent ES-2654912-B1 (ES)
Title: Sistema levitador, estabilizador y propulsor para vehículos que circulan por conductos de aire
Inventor: MUNOZ SAIZ MANUEL
IPC: B61B13/00
Filed: 2016-07-14
Granted: 2018-11-30
Abstract: El sistema levitador, estabilizador y propulsor para vehículos que circulan por conductos de aire, consiste en un conducto por cuyo interior circulan unos vagones de igual forma pero de menor sección, con una separación entre conducto y vagones de 0.1 a 10 cm. esta separación se consigue con unos medios levitadores mediante canales o cámaras de aire separadoras, unos chorros de aire, distribuidos longitudinal y transversalmente, del tipo de colchón de aire. Con un sistema propulsor por succión e insuflado de aire mediante fanes, ventiladores o turbinas accionados con motores eléctricos y unos sistemas de estabilización automática por chorros de aire periféricos añadidos a la estabilización creada con la succión e insuflado. Puede añadir un sistema secundario de propulsión, levitación y estabilización, del tipo de imanes permanentes giratorios accionados por motores eléctricos.
Patent ES-2578915-B1 (ES)
Title: Procedimiento para proporcionar contenidos informativos sobre productos, dispositivo, sistema y programa de ordenador correspondientes
Inventor: POIRIER FRANCK
IPC: G06Q30/02
Filed: 2016-01-22
Granted: 2017-03-16
Abstract: Procedimiento para proporcionar contenidos informativos sobre productos, dispositivo, sistema y programa de ordenador correspondientes. El procedimiento utiliza un dispositivo que comprende: una superficie de posicionamiento de productos, unos medios de detección de contacto, un módulo de control, por lo menos una entrada de contenidos informativos, por lo menos una salida de contenidos informativos. Partiendo de unos productos colocados previamente sobre dicha superficie de posicionamiento, comprende las fases de: detectar un toque en uno de dichos productos, notificar cuál es el producto tocado a dicho módulo de control, seleccionar por lo menos un contenido informativo relativo al producto tocado de dicha por lo menos una entrada de contenidos informativos, y enviar dicho por lo menos un contenido informativo a dicha por lo menos una salida de contenidos. En el que dicha detección de un toque del producto se realiza sin necesidad de tocar ningún otro elemento.
Patent ES-2648862-B1 (ES)
Title: Procedimiento para hacer funcionar y dispositivo para hacer funcionar un número n de bujias de incandescencia
Inventor: MOENSTER MATHIAS
IPC: H05B39/04
Filed: 2016-11-07
Granted: 2018-11-30
Abstract: Procedimiento y aparato de control de tiempo de precalentamiento (2) para un número n de bujías de incandescencia que se excitan con una señal modulada por ancho de pulsos con periodo predeterminado, aplicando tensión a cada bujía de incandescencia (1) durante una fracción de encendido del periodo y no aplicando tensión durante el resto del periodo. Las fracciones de encendido de las bujías de incandescencia (1) se disponen durante el periodo para aplicar la tensión simultáneamente a un número mínimo de bujías de incandescencia (1) para que una corriente añadida a través de todas las bujías de incandescencia (1) permanezca uniforme. Además, están previstos medios que, cuando la fracción de encendido es menor que un del periodo, miden una diferencia de voltaje de las bujías de encendido (1) mientras a una bujía de incandescencia (1) se le aplica tensión.
Patent JO-2282-B1 (JO)
Title: Oxazol derivatives
Inventor: FABIENNE RICKLIN
IPC: C07D263/22
Filed: 2002-05-13
Granted: 2005-09-12
Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) wherein R1 to R7 are as defined in the description and claims, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof. The compounds are useful for the treatment of diseases such as diabetes.
Patent KR-800000501-B1 (KR)
Title: Purification of acrylamide solution
Inventor: SHIZUKA KOHEI
IPC: B01D15/04
Filed: 1977-01-24
Granted: 1980-06-12
Abstract: After removal unreacted acrylonitrile(I) from aq. acrylamide(II) solns. contg Cu catalyst by distn. in a nonxidizing atm., the soln. was treated by ion exchanger and with O or an O-contg. gas. Thus, an aq. I soln. contg. Raney Cu was fed to a reactor and fitered. The filtrate was distd. invacuo to give an aq. II soln. contg. 33% II,<0.1 % I, and 120 ppm Cu. The soln. was treated with air to provide a dissolved O content of ε ppm and passed through an ion exchange column. The soln. contg. <= 0.05 ppm Cu was polymd. in the presence of a redox catalyst to give polyacrylamide with mol. wt. 10300000.
Patent KR-810001050-B1 (KR)
Title: Crosslinked stylene polymer foam having suppressed ignition properties
Inventor: CORBETT J
IPC: C08J9/14
Filed: 1977-11-05
Granted: 1981-09-07
Abstract: Halogen-contg. styrene copolymer foams were prepd. which were self-extinguishing and did not melt or drip on exposure to a flame.  Thus, 10parts maleic anhydride-bromostyrene copolymer was mixed with 10 parts Mecl, enclosed in an ampoule and explosively foamed by heating 2 hr at 190oC, cooling to 170oC and breaking the ampoule.  The foam, having a fine cell structure, was exposed to ethylenediamine vapors overnight.  The crosslinked foam, when exposed to a flam, did not melt or drip, and extinguished immediately on removing the flame.
Patent KR-820001780-B1 (KR)
Title: Constant pressure printing mechanism for hand labeler
Inventor: SATO YO
IPC: B41J5/00
Filed: 1978-03-13
Granted: 1982-10-02
Abstract: A contact press. printer is for use with a hand labeler.  An actuating lever(10) is divided into a hand lever(3) & a printing lever(4), and both of these levers are also connected to move as a unit,  A snap mechanism includes a press. roller(15) & a snap bail(18).  The press. roller is rotatably mounted to either the hand lever or the frame of the hand labeler while the snap bail is mounted to the other.  As the squeezing of the hand lever increases, the operating lever snaps past the snap mechanism and urges the printing lever toward the platen.
Patent KR-830000556-B1 (KR)
Title: 소맥을 정제하는 방법
IPC: A23K1/14
Filed: 1979-05-07
Granted: 1983-03-12
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-820001932-B1 (KR)
Title: Process for the preparation of disperse dyestuffs
Inventor: BAUMANN W
IPC: C09B23/00
Filed: 1979-07-27
Granted: 1982-10-20
Abstract: Disperse dyes of 3-dicyanomethylidene-2,3-dihydorthiophene 1,1-dioxides(I; R = a group derived from benzene, indoline, or hydroquinoline; Z = the atoms required to complete an aromatic ring) were prepd. by condensation of II with aldehyde.  Thus, condensation of 3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1-benzo thiophene 1,1-dioxide with malononitrile in EtOH contg. piperidine and HOAc gave 3-(dicyanomethylene)-2,3-dihydrobenzo thiophene 1,1-dioxide, which was subsequently treated with C6H4(CH3)N1(CH2)5Me 2 and HCON(Me)2 to form III, a brilliant blue dye for polyester fibers.
Patent KR-810000977-B1 (KR)
Title: Process for preparing 5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-1,4-oxathiine-4-oxide derivatives
Inventor: LEE HWA SEOK
IPC: C07D327/06
Filed: 1980-03-13
Granted: 1981-08-25
Abstract: R1,R2 = H, C<6 alkyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl, phenyl, nitrophenyl, C<4 alkoxyphenyl, biphenyl, naphtyl or furfuryl; R3 = C<6 alkyl; n = 1 or 2) were manufd. by oxidation of 5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-1,4-oxathiine derivs. with hydroperoxide in the presences of aryl selenic acid or diaryl diselenide catalysts.
Patent KR-850001959-B1 (KR)
Title: Preparation for potasium sulfate
Inventor: KAZUO KOBAYASHI
IPC: C01D5/06
Filed: 1980-07-07
Granted: 1985-12-31
Abstract: Potassium sulfate is prepd. from sulfuric acid and potassium chloride in a dry process. Sulfuric acid and potassium chloride are mixed together in the ratio of 1 to 2.0 - 2.2 M. The mixt. produces potassium hydrogen-sulfate, with some remaining potassium chloride between room temp. and 100≰C. Secondly, potassium sulfate is produced from potassium hydrogen-sulfate and the remaining potassium chloride at 300 - 400  C without addnl. potassium chloride. The process takes about an hour.
Patent KR-870000808-B1 (KR)
Title: Process for sythesizing urea
Inventor: INOUE SHIGERU
IPC: C07C239/00
Filed: 1981-09-11
Granted: 1987-04-20
Abstract: Urea is prepd. from NH3 and CO2.  The synthesis process comprises (a) reacting NH3 and CO2 at mole ratio  3-5:1 and 170195≰C and 160-190kg/ cm2  (b) stripping the effleunt with 60% of the make-up CO2 at urea- synthesis pressure and 170-205cm2 to separate NH3 and CO2 and reduce total and NH3 content to 14-30 wt.% (c) high-pressure decomposition of effluent from (b) at 12-25kg/cm2  to eliminate more CO2 and NH3, using the condensation heat of the gaseous mixt. sepd. in (b) to reduce total CO2 and NH3 content to 5-12 wt.%. The consumption of high-pressure steam is minimized in the synthesis.
Patent KR-840000883-B1 (KR)
Inventor: SO GIL-TAEK
IPC: A47J27/14
Filed: 1981-10-13
Granted: 1984-06-26
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-840001058-B1 (KR)
Title: Apparatus for manufacturing slide fastener chains with gaps
Inventor: SHIMAI HIDEO
IPC: F04D3/00
Filed: 1982-02-11
Granted: 1984-07-30
Abstract: Continuous slide fastener chain(f) is gapped by an appts. that has a stationary die(5) with a long slot(11) that underlies the fastener teeth(e), and a co-acting reciprocal punch blade(3) with cutting edges that enter the slot. The punch blade is relieved at both ends to form respective wings(10) and the die slot has a lateral branch at each end to accommodate the wings as the punch blade enters the die slot. Fastener teeth at the gap ends are undamaged, since the wings operate to tilt them into the lateral branches of the die slot.
Patent KR-850000309-B1 (KR)
Title: Displacement sensor
Inventor: KIM MUN-KYONG
IPC: G01R5/20
Filed: 1983-04-21
Granted: 1985-03-18
Abstract: A small dispalcement of magnetic substance moving horizontally is detected without contact by using the proximity principle. The proximity sensors consist of a couple of windings on the magnetic core, which thin electrical properties identical, and are arranged in parallel with a shield except for the front side. The sensors are connected with a bridge circuit comprising an inductive resistor, and receive sinusoidal input having a high frequency of 1-100kHz. They then provide the output, which is converted to a peak voltage and is amplified with differential voltages.
Patent KR-880001049-B1 (KR)
Title: Process for preparing propynylamino-thiazole derivatives
Inventor: MAKISUMI YASUO
IPC: A61P31/04
Filed: 1983-12-21
Granted: 1988-06-18
Abstract: The title derivs. of formula (I) having an antibacterial activity are new.  In (I), R1 is H, C1-4 alkyl, carboxy, formyl, hydroxy-C1-4 alkyl, mono- or di-C1-4 alkyl- aminomethyl, C1-4 alkoxy-carbonyl, hydroxyiminomethyl, phenyl or -CON-Y-Z; Y is H or C1-4  alkyl, Z is H, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, hydroxy-C1-4 alkyl or carboxy-C1-4 alkyl; R2 is H, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy-carbonyl or halogen; R3 is H or C1-4 alkyl; X is H or I.  (I) can be used in medicine and agriculture.
Patent KR-880000157-B1 (KR)
Title: Process of heating and cooling charges in batch-process industrial furnaces
Inventor: EBNER PETER
IPC: C21D9/67
Filed: 1984-06-30
Granted: 1988-03-12
Abstract: Method for cooling the charge in a non-continuously working industrial furnace where by the protection gas at the start and/or during the cooling stage is changed in the sense of reducing the specific gravity of the gas.  Pref. the volume reduction of the gas resulting during cooling is compansated by the addition of a gas with a lower specific gravity.  Alternatively the protection gas prior to cooling is at least partially exchanged for gas with a lower specific gravity.  The H2 is used as the replacement or exchange gas, and at the end of the cooling stage the furnace is washed or cleaned with N2.
Patent KR-860001687-B1 (KR)
Title: Linear slide bearing
Inventor: TERAMACHI HIROSHI
IPC: F16C29/00
Filed: 1984-08-11
Granted: 1986-10-17
Abstract: The linear bearing is for reciprocating movement along a guide rail, and absorbs downward, upward and horizontal loads via the skirts of a housing. A groove (7a) accommodating a ball-race is formed in the inside surface of one of the skirts (6a,6b) of the housing (1), being open diagonally downwards. Another such groove (7b) open diagonally upwards is formed in the other skirt. Races (2a,2b) with ball grooves (9) opposite other grooves (11) in the guide rail (5) fit in the grooves in the skirts.
Patent KR-890003147-B1 (KR)
Title: Gate array
Inventor: MONDA HIDEO
IPC: H01L27/118
Filed: 1984-09-17
Granted: 1989-08-23
Abstract: A gate array formed in a semiconductor substrate chip having an inner region and an outer region, characteristed in that the gate array comprises; a plurlaity of first basic cells each including a transistor having relatively higher gm; and a plurality of second basic cells each including a transistor having relatively smaller gm; wherein the first basic cells form a plurality of basic cell arrays disposed in parallel to one another in the inner region of the semiconductor substrate chip, and each of the second basic cell is formed to replace the first basic cell at each of specified positions in the basic cell array.
Patent KR-900001475-B1 (KR)
Title: Contactless starter
Inventor: SHIMODA TOSHIO
IPC: H01C7/02
Filed: 1985-02-25
Granted: 1990-03-12
Abstract: The contactless starting device is assembled from static heat- sensitive resistance elements, and used for starting a motor compressor of a refrigerator.  In the contactless starting device, V- shape bent parts (9a,10a) are prepared in the ending parts of two electrodes (8a,8b) of the static heat-sensitive resistance elements which are contained within a frame (6).  The ending parts of the U- shape bent parts are made to be in touch with beakshape bent parts (9d,10d) of elastic bodies (9,10).  An insulation wall stands up from the cover between the elastic bodies and constricted portion provided at a torso.
Patent KR-870001828-B1 (KR)
Title: Picture frame of machine style
Inventor: HAN WON-GIL
IPC: B42F17/08
Filed: 1985-06-11
Granted: 1987-10-15
Abstract: This invention relates to the manufacturing method of mechanical photo album.  The display plate(1a) which is made of plastic or glass is located in the front of body (1) and photographs are stored in the keeping box(2) and transported to the display plate automatically. Exchange of photograph is accomplished by a transporting unit which consists of motor(4), gear(5)(6),pulley (6a)(8a)(11b) and rubber roller(7)(8)(9)(10)(11').  The power is generated in the motor and the photograph is transported by rollers.
Patent KR-920007846-B1 (KR)
Inventor: BERNARD FRANCOIS
IPC: C23C2/26
Filed: 1985-06-21
Granted: 1992-09-18
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-890005209-B1 (KR)
Inventor: GATER ANNOLD C
IPC: E05B55/00
Filed: 1985-08-28
Granted: 1989-12-18
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-870001648-B1 (KR)
Title: Process for preparing 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid
Inventor: HIRAI YUDAKA
IPC: C07D475/04
Filed: 1985-10-22
Granted: 1987-09-18
Abstract: 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid (I) is prepd. for use as a coenzyne. Folic acid is dissolved into aquous soln. containing inorganic base. This soln. is made to contact with hydrogen at pH 5-9 to give the compd. (I).  This hydrogenation reaction is catalized by platinum or rhodium.  An inorganic base is added into the soln. to main tain proper pH range (pH 5-9).  The inorganic base is ammonium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate.
Patent KR-940006462-B1 (KR)
Title: Crosslinking dompositions
Inventor: BERTA DOMINIC A
IPC: C08K5/47
Filed: 1986-01-13
Granted: 1994-07-20
Abstract: Disclosed are cross-linking compositions having both sulfur and nonsulfur curative systems which are particularly adapted for cross-linking rubber blends of (a) from about 35% to about 85% halobutyl rubber or a mixture of butyl rubber and halobutyl rubber wherein the halobutyl rubber is at least 50% by weight of the mixture and (b) from about 15% to about 65% of an epihaiohydrin rubber, and to the rubber materials cross-linked therewith. The rubber materials cross-linked with these cross-linking compositions have an excellent balance of cure rate, cure state and scorch safety; have improved tire carcass adhesion and good impermeability to gases; and are useful in tire Inner tubes and inner liners.
Patent KR-890002345-B1 (KR)
Title: Apparatus for quantitatively food material
Inventor: HAYASI DORAHIKO
IPC: A23L35/00
Filed: 1986-10-02
Granted: 1989-07-01
Abstract: An apparatus for quantitatively extruding food material 1 comprises a hopper 3 having mounted therein at least one food material feeding means such as a driven roller 5 having a vane 9 mounted in a diametrically extending slot in the roller for sliding movement and which produces from the cylinder under the control of cam surfaces 11 to feed food material 1 into a cylindrical food containing means which comprises a longitudinal groove 1 in the base of the hopper and a cylinder 17 slidably rotatable therein and having a rectangular opening in one side thereof to leave a semi-cylindrical wall 19 so as with the opening uppermost to admit food material fed by said roller 5 and with the cylinder rotated so that said wall 19 forms with groove 15 a containing cylinder enclosing food material to enable a piston to extrude such material from the apparatus.