Patent GB-580134-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the treatment of fabric
IPC: D06M15/423
Filed: 1944-05-18
Abstract: Rubber or a water-insoluble synthetic plastic material is deposited on a fabric, particularly a knitted fabric, by immersing the fabric in an aqueous dispersion of the rubber or other plastic material and causing the dispersed particles to deposit on to the fabric by coagulation, and the fabric is then rinsed with an aqueous liquid containing a cation-active substance.  The treatment improves the feel and handle of the fabric, imparts increased strength and wearing properties, and in the case of a knitted fabric reduces the tendency to ladder.  The rinsing with a cation-active substance removes the tendency of the fabric, e.g. a knitted stocking, treated with rubber or other plastic, to stick or drag in the wet state, particularly when being pulled on to a drying former.  The rubber or other plastic material may be p  present in the aqueous dispersion in colloidal or flocculated condition.  Natural rubber latex or an artificially produced dispersion of reclaimed rubber, or an aqueous dispersion of a vulcanizable synthetic rubberlike material, e.g. a butadiene polymer, a copolymer of butadiene and styrene or acrylic nitrile, or a copolymer of isobutylene and 1.3-butadiene or isoprene may be used. The dispersion may be of an organic polysulphide polymer, a phenol-formaldehyde, urea-aldehyde, melamine-aldehyde, aromatic amine-aldehyde, organic polyamide, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, alkyd resin, polyterpene resin, polyvinyl acetal, polyvinylidene ester, copolymer of a vinyl ester with a vinylidene ester, polystyrene, polyvinyl naphthalene, sulphurized vegetable oil (factice), cellulose ester, or cellulose ether. The cation-active substance may be lauryl trimethyl ammonium bromide, lauryl pyridinium chloride, lauryl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, N-lauryl betaine, N-stearyl betaine, or a compound of the formula <FORM:0580134/IV/1> where Y is hydrogen or the group CH3, and Z is chlorine or the group -SO4CH3 or -OOC,CH3, or the cation active substance may be an amide, amine, diamine, or glyoxalidine having a straight chain aliphatic group containing at least 6 carbon atoms, e.g. oleyl amide, stearyl amide, diethylethylene-oleyldiamine,m -heptadecyl N-hydroxyethyl glyoxalidine, or m -heptadecyl N-amino-ethyl glyoxalidine.  The cation-active agent may be present in the rinsing bath to the extent of 0.2 to 2 parts per 100 parts by weight of fabric, and rinsing may be effected at room temperature or elevated temperature.  The fabric may be of silk, wool, cotton, linen, viscose rayon, acetate rayon, or nylon.  In an example, viscose rayon stockings in damp condition are placed in a paddle-type dyeing machine which contains a suspension of flocculated rubber particles.  The rubber suspension is made by mixing latex with vulcanizing ingredients and a stabilizer, diluting with water and adding a solution of ammonium sulphate.  The stockings are stirred with the rubber suspension for about one hour, additions of formic acid solution being made at intervals.  The liquid is drained off and there is added a warm aqueous solution of the acetic ester of m -heptadecyl N-hydroxyethyl glyoxalidine containing formic acid.  After several minutes, the stockings are removed, centrifuged, boarded and dried.  Specifications 403,121, 403,394 and 508,136, 508,137 and 554,572, [all in Group V], are referred to.