Patent GB-1461635-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for cracking hydrocarbons
IPC: F02M27/02
Filed: 1974-03-04
Abstract: 1461635 Cracking hydrocarbons SIEMENS AG 4 March 1974 [6 March 1973] 9714/74 Addition to 1416914 Heading C5E Apparatus for cracking a hydrocarbon which is liquid at ambient temperatures and which is supplied to the apparatus in vapour form, to yield a gas mixture comprising carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane and/or hydrogen, comprises two or more cracking chambers 2 sequentially arranged in the direction of flow, in use, of the hydrocarbon vapour, each being separated from adjacent cracking chambers by either a pair of perforated walls defining therebetween a passage for gas flow or a gaspermeable woven fabric 9, each chamber containing a cracking catalyst; and a duct 6, 7, 8 for supply of an oxygen-containing gas to the passage or to an edge region of the fabric, to pass between the cracking chambers in the passage or in the fabric weave in a direction transverse to the direction of flow through the cracking chambers of the hydrocarbon vapour or a cracked product thereof and to pass into a cracking chamber with the hydrocarbon vapour or cracked product thereof. The catalyst may be a mass of porous hollow balls of ceramic material, e.g. spheroidal corundum, having catalytic activity or acting as support for a catalyst, e.g. platinum, nickel or a platinumnickel mixed catalyst, and may have a wall thickness of 0À1 to 0À5 mm. and a diameter of 1 to 4 mm. The balls in any one mass may be of substantially uniform diameter. The pairs of perforated walls or gas permeable woven fabrics are capable of uniformly distributing the oxygen-containing gas over the entire flow crosssection of the hydrocarbon vapour or cracked product thereof, within the catalyst and within the separate cracking chambers. The chambers may be defined by gas-permeable woven fabric formed from V2A steel wire. The gas-permeable woven fabric may have a linen, twill or lace weave and may be of mesh size that the catalyst material cannot enter the interstices in the fabric. The cracking chambers may be defined by the gas-permeable woven fabric and the porous hollow balls have a diameter greater than the mesh width of the fabric. As shown, the apparatus is cylindrical and comprises a plurality of concentrically arranged pairs of perforated walls or gas-permeable woven fabrics 9 defining therebetween a plurality of cracking chambers 2 of annular cross-section. Ducts comprised by annular pipes 6, 7, 8 at at least one end of the cylinder constituted by the pairs of walls or fabrics and supply oxygen-containing gas to the pairs of walls or fabrics 9, and at that end a plate 3 on which the pairs of walls or fabrics are fixed, has slots forming passages between the annular pipes and the pairs of perforated walls or fabrics. The cracking chambers are enclosed by an indirect heat exchanger 1 which is traversed by part of the duct for oxygen-containing gas to be supplied to the chambers to preheat the gas by exchange with the cracked products of the hydrocarbon vapour before the gas flow is divided by plate 5 into the pipes 6, 7, 8. The hydrocarbon sprayed by nozzle 14 to vaporize on the surface of annular duet 15 through which the cracked gas flows, passes in the direction of arrows 16 through a chamber containing a cracking catalyst to which oxygen-containing gas is not supplied, and which is separated from the first cracking chamber by a pair of perforated walls or woven fabric, prior to passing into the first cracking chamber which chamber serves to prevent a flash-back into the hydrocarbon supply. The pairs of perforated walls or fabrics may be formed of or coated with a cracking catalyst, e.g. nickel, platinum or a nickelplatinum mixture. Exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine may be supplied to the cracking chambers via conduit 13 which may have a throttle valve actuable by a servomotor, as part of the oxygen-containing gas. The cracked gas from the final cracking chamber may be supplied to the combustion chamber(s) of an internal combustion engine by a conduit from the exterior of the cracking chamber.