Patent GB-1217641-A (GB)
Title: Output-transformerless static inverter
IPC: H02M7/49
Filed: 1969-02-10
Abstract: 1,217,641. Static invertors. UNITED AIRCRAFT CORP. 10 Feb., 1969 [28 March, 1968], No. 6998/69. Heading H2F. In an invertor, a step approximated alternating sine wave (staircase) output is produced, e.g. at 400 Hz, by selectively and sequentially switching a plurality of D.C. potentials to the input of a transistor switching bridge the alternating staircase output of which is fed to a filter circuit wherein it is transformed into a substantially smooth sine wave. Production of D.C. potentials (Figs. 1 and 3).- Current from a D.C. source 10 is repeatedly gated by a transistor 12 through the primary of a transformer 16. The transistor is controlled by pulses from a driver 22 governed by an oscillator 24, at 32 KHz. By varying the pulse width the maximum current reached in the primary during any one cycle is controllable and hence also the voltages induced in tapped secondary 18 when the field collapses each time transistor 12 ceases conduction. Capacitors 42-45 (Fig. 3) in a step generator are thereby charged repeatedly, via diodes 38-41, respectively, eighty times/cycle of the invertor output, the diodes preventing charging when the source current is flowing to the primary. The voltages in the capacitors are successively and additively applied to terminals 46, 48 by transistors 54, 60, 70 controlled via gates 134 by pulses P2, P3, P4 from a driver 136 timed by a frequency multiplier 138 at eight times the invertor frequency output of 400 Hz. Thereby eight distinct voltage steps are produced for each half-wave input to a smoothing filter 11. The width of each step is dependent on the width of each pulse P1-P4. The pulse width is controlled by a comparator 140 which compares the invertor output voltage, after rectification, with a voltage reference 28 (e.g. a Zener diode). The charge on C45 is conducted to the terminals 45, 46 by a diode 50, the transistor 64 being provided to conduct out-of-phase current for an inductive load. Production of alternating staircase waveform.- The sequence of voltage steps which appear at terminals 45, 46 of the step generator are applied to the input diagonal of a transistor switching bridge 80 (detailed in Fig. 4, not shown), the output diagonal of which is connected to the filter circuit 11. The bridge transistors are controlled by a square wave form at 400 Hz from a driver 82 so that opposite pairs conduct alternately to produce full alternating staircase waveform output. Anti-parallel diodes are connected across each transistor switch to permit current to flow round them when the current is out of phase with the voltage (lagging current). Short circuit conditions.-A sensor 130 (Fig. 1) produces an output, in response to excess invertor output current, to block gates 134 and prevent pulses P2, P3, P4 reaching the transistor switches in the step generator. Only the P1 signal is not blocked and transistor 64 can still be turned ON to by-pass lagging current around diode 50. The diode 50 otherwise maintains conduction from C45 to terminal 46. Thus a low voltage output is provided under short-circuit conditions. Three-phase output is obtainable by using three-step generators, three switching bridges &c.