Patent GB-929417-A (GB)
Title: Composition for and method of applying ceramic colour
IPC: C04B41/50
Filed: 1961-02-16
Abstract: A thermo-fluid vehicle for application of ceramic colours including a pigment and a flux to a surface upon which the colour is subsequently fired comprises 70 to 95% by weight of a wax-like aliphatic alcohol, acid or amide in which the longest carbon chain contains 12 to 20 carbon atoms and 5 to 30% by weight of a thermoplastic resin comprising rosin or a derivative thereof. Preferably the wax-like material and thermoplastic resin are solid at temperatures below 100 DEG F.  In use the vehicle contains one or more ceramic pigments and one or more ceramic fluxes and is spread on the receiving surface from a heated reservoir at 100 DEG  to 500 DEG F., repeated applications being used for different colours, the surface is then heated to a temperature in excess of 800 DEG F. The pigment and flux/vehicle ratio is preferably 3,0 to 4,5:1. The pigments used are pigment metal oxides.  Specified wax-like materials are stearyl alcohol, palmityl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, stearic acid, palmitic acid and lauric acid and amides of fatty acids of 16 to 20 carbon atoms such as the amides of the fatty acids which correspond to hexadecane, octadecane and octadecene. Polyalkylene glycol ethers having a molecular weight of 1000-6000, preferably 3000-5000, in which the alkylene groups contain 2 to 3 carbon atoms and mixtures thereof including "Carbowax 4000" can replace in part said wax-like materials p  provided that they do not constitute more than 50% of the thermo-fluid vehicle.  Specified thermoplastic resins are rosin, limed rosin, hydrogenated rosin, limed hydrogenated rosin, polyhydric alcohol ester of hydrogenated rosin, a "polymerized rosin" obtained by polymerizing the unsaturated resin acids (pimaric and abietic acid) contained in rosin and limed "polymerized rosin".  Ethyl cellulose having a viscosity of at least 100 centipoises per second in 5% solution in 80:20 toluene: ethanol solution at 25 DEG C. can replace in part said thermoplastic resins provided it does not constitute more than 10% of the thermo-fluid vehicle.  The examples disclose mixtures of paraffin wax or chlorowax together with polymerized rosin or hydrogenated rosin and ethyl cellulose.  The colour compositions containing pigment, flux and vehicle are used for decorating glass and porcelain enamel surfaces.ALSO:A thermo-fluid vehicle for application of ceramic colours including a pigment and a flux to a surface upon which the colour is subsequently fired comprises 70 to 95% by weight of a wax-like aliphatic alcohol, acid or amide in which the longest carbon chain contains 12 to 20 carbon atoms and 5 to 30% by weight of a thermoplastic resin comprising rosin or a derivative thereof. Preferably the wax-like material and thermoplastic resin are solid at temperatures below 100 DEG F.  In use the vehicle contains one or more ceramic pigments and one or more ceramic fluxes and is spread on the receiving surface from a heated reservoir at 100 DEG  to 500 DEG F., repeated applications being used for different colours, the surface is then heated to a temperature in excess of 800 DEG F. The pigment and flux/vehicle ratio is preferably 3,0 to 4,5:1. The pigments used are pigment metal oxides.  Specified wax-like materials are stearyl alcohol, palmityl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, stearic acid, palmitic acid and lauric acid and amides of fatty acids of 16 to 20 carbon atoms such as the amides of the fatty acids which correspond to hexadecane, octadecane and octadecene. Polyalkylene glycol ethers having a molecular weight of 1,000-6,000, preferably 3,000-5,000, in which the alkylene groups contain 2 to 3 carbon atoms and mixtures thereof including "Carbowax 4000" can replace in part said wax-like materials provided that they do not constitute more than 50% of the thermo-fluid vehicle.  Specified thermoplastic resins are rosin, limed rosin, hydrogenated rosin, limed hydrogenated rosin, polyhydric alcohol ester of hydrogenated rosin, a "polymerized rosin" obtained by polymerizing the unsaturated resin acids (primaric and abietic acid) contained in rosin and limed "polymerized rosin".  Ethyl cellulose having a viscosity of at least 100 centipoises per second in 5% solution tion in 80:20 toluene:ethanol solution at 25 DEG C. can replace in part said thermoplastic resins provided it does not constitute more than 10% of the thermo-fluid vehicle.  The examples disclose mixtures of paraffin wax or chlorowax together with polymerized rosin or hydro genated rosin and ethyl cellulose.  The colour compositions containing pigment, flux and vehicle are used for decorating glass and porcelain enamel surfaces.