baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent WO-2022032498-A1 (WO)
Title: Movable platform control method, control terminal and computer-readable storage medium
Inventor: SUN ZHONGJIAN
IPC: G05D3/12
Filed: 2020-08-11
Abstract: The present application provides a movable platform control method, a control terminal and a computer-readable storage medium, comprising: based on a first position relationship between an antenna and a machine body and a second position relationship between the machine body and the ground, controlling a rotation controller to adjust the attitude of the antenna such that a target position relationship between the antenna and the ground is formed (S101); generating multiple positioning points based on the adjusted antenna (S102); and determining a target operation area according to the multiple positioning points, and controlling the movable platform to operate in the target operation area (S103).
Therefore, the antenna can be automatically adjusted, the quality of a signal received by the antenna is guaranteed, and the accuracy and reliability of positioning using the antenna are improved.
Patent WO-2021031950-A1 (WO)
Title: Method and device in node used for wireless communication
Inventor: WU KEYING
IPC: H04W4/40
Filed: 2020-08-12
Abstract: Disclosed by the present application are a method and device in a node used for wireless communication. A first node receives K first-type reference signals; and sends a first signal. The transmission power of the first signal is a first power value, a first reference power value is used to determine the first power value, the first reference power value correlates linearly to first path loss, a measurement of the first reference signal is used to determine the first path loss, and the first reference signal is one K first-type reference signal among the K first-type reference signals; a first index is related to a transmitting antenna port of the first signal, the first index being is used to determine the first reference signal from among the K first-type reference signals; a sender of the K first-type reference signals is different from a target receiver of the first signal. By using the described method, the interference to the cellular network of transmission on a sidelink is more accurately estimated, and the transmission performance and resource utilization of the sidelink is improved.
Patent WO-2022036561-A1 (WO)
Inventor: LIU HAOYUAN
IPC: F21V21/06
Filed: 2020-08-18
Abstract: 本发明属于巡航照明装置技术领域，尤其是一种基于无人机的海洋港口用移动式巡航照明装置。针对现有的海洋港口巡航照明装置需要人工驾驶来对过往军舰等船只进行导航照明，且探照灯只能通过旋转来扩大探照范围，实用性有限的问题，现提出本发明的方案。本发明的移动式巡航照明装置包括升降台，其顶部开设有环形槽，环形槽内滑动设置有移动照明设备，移动照明设备的底部开设有两个第一卡槽，其中转动连接有同一个第一转轴，第一转轴的两端均固定套设有滚轮，在第一滚轴转动时，可以通过第二锥齿轮来转动第一锥齿轮与第一转轴，使得滚轴可以在环形滑轨上滚动，进而可以推动移动照明设备循环移动，增加照明覆盖区域。
Patent WO-2021047425-A1 (WO)
Inventor: CHEN ZHENGHUA
IPC: G06F9/455
Filed: 2020-09-01
Abstract: L'invention concerne un procédé de virtualisation pour une mémoire persistante, comprenant : attribution d'un espace de stockage à une mémoire persistante virtuelle d'une machine virtuelle sur la base d'une mémoire persistante physique, d'une mémoire non volatile et d'une mémoire volatile, la mémoire non volatile fournissant à la mémoire physique persistante un espace de stockage étendu et la mémoire volatile fournissant à la mémoire persistante physique et à la mémoire non volatile un espace tampon de données.
Patent WO-2021135359-A1 (WO)
Title: Unilateral-driven patch-type drug infusion device
Inventor: YANG CUIJUN
IPC: A61M5/172
Filed: 2020-09-08
Abstract: A unilateral-driven patch-type drug infusion device, comprising: an infusion unit, which includes a drug storage unit (1110); a screw (1130) connected to a piston (1120) and a driving wheel (1140) provided with wheel teeth (1141), respectively, the driving wheel (1140) drives the screw (1130) to move by rotation, pushing the piston (1120) forward; at least one driving unit (1150) cooperating with the driving wheel (1140), the driving unit (1150) includes at least one driving portion (1151); a power unit (1180) and a reset unit (1170) coupled to the driving unit (1150), and an infusion tube structure, which includes a base (120) and an infusion needle (130), and the base (120) includes an initial position, a working position, and an intermediate position. This infusion device can output controllable and stable driving force, which eliminates safety hazards and improves user experience.
Patent WO-2021135383-A1 (WO)
Inventor: LIN XIXIN
IPC: H01R43/00
Filed: 2020-09-11
Abstract: 本发明涉及智能温控领域，且公开了一种排针生产设备，包括工作台，所述工作台的一侧安设有第一震动盘，所述工作台的上方设置有连通于第一震动盘输料端的输料轨道，所述工作台的上端外表面靠近输料轨道的前方且向远离第一震动盘的一侧依次设置有插针机构、打点机构、后插针机构、打K机构、打弯机构、检针机构、排废机构与记数包装机构。插针作业前设置了探针和检测机构，用以判断针体是否缺针，从而控制插针作业的电源用来人工排查及补针，提高了全自动流水线的可行性，大大减少了人工排查的工作强度，配合流水线中用以检测针体长短的捡针机构和将不合格产品进行剔除的排废机构，形成了完整的流水线作业，工作效率高，人工成本大大降低。
Patent WO-2022052096-A1 (WO)
Inventor: MA XIAOJUN
IPC: H04L5/00
Filed: 2020-09-14
Abstract: A data processing method, a device, and a computer-readable storage medium. When a radio link is released, a CSI-RS resource configuration is carried in a radio link release message sent, by a network device, to a user equipment, so as to configure a CSI-RS resource for the UE, and the CSI-RS is sent to a UE in an inactive state, such that the UE in the inactive state can also use effective CSI-RS resources for measurement according to the CSI-RS resource configuration. In this way, the UE can perform measurement not only by relying on an SSB in the inactive state, such that the UE does not need to wake up multiple times or stay in a wake-up state for a long time, thereby reducing the power consumption of the UE.
Patent WO-2022061517-A1 (WO)
Inventor: PAN QIHUI
IPC: H02H7/18
Filed: 2020-09-22
Abstract: 本申请公开了电池的保护电路、方法、电池及介质。电池的保护电路耦接电芯，保护电路包括：充电开关器件，充电开关器件的漏极耦接电芯的正极；放电开关器件，放电开关器件的漏极耦接充电开关器件的源极；检测电路，耦接电芯的正极、充电开关器件的栅极和放电开关器件的栅极；控制电路，耦接检测电路和放电开关器件的源极；其中，检测电路检测到电芯的电量参数低于阈值时，控制放电开关器件关断，以使得控制电路处于断电状态；或控制电路判断电池与用电设备的连接断开时间超过预设时间时，控制放电开关器件关断，以使得控制电路处于断电状态。通过上述方式，能够降低电池闲置时的功耗，降低电池过放电的风险，延长电池的存储时间。
Patent WO-2022061665-A1 (WO)
Inventor: XIONG GUO HUI
IPC: B25D17/00
Filed: 2020-09-24
Abstract: A multi-function handheld electric tool (10) including a motor housing (11) receiving motor (11a); a settable clutch (30) coupled with a speed reduction transmission (25); a transmission housing (19) coupled to the motor housing and having a first housing portion coupled to the motor housing, and a second housing portion extending from the first portion towards a chuck; and a setting collar (18) which is rotatably fit over the second housing portion of the transmission housing and rotatable between a plurality of predetermined angular positions of which at least one corresponds to a non-torque limited first operation mode of the tool and the remaining positions correspond to different torque output levels of a torque limited second operation mode of the tool. The settable clutch includes a clutch face having a plurality of clutch ramps extend a fixed axial distance from a linear portion of the clutch face, a clutch washer and a clutch sleeve. the clutch sleeve is rotationally fixed with the setting collar and rotatable therewith to move axially on the second portion of the transmission housing such that the variable axial distance is dependent on a respective one of the plurality of predetermined angular positions of setting collar, and wherein in the at least one angular position of the setting collar that corresponds to the non-torque limited first operation mode of the tool the fixed axial distance is greater than the variable axial distance, and in the remaining predetermined angular positions of the setting collar the variable axial distance is greater than the fixed axial distance. A single mode setting collar that can be rotated to one of a plurality of positions to engage two or more torque clutch limited screwing modes, or non-torque limited dill or hammer drill modes provides a quick and easy mode setting means for a user.
Patent WO-2021057950-A1 (WO)
Inventor: YU SHUISHENG
IPC: B60L53/00
Filed: 2020-09-27
Abstract: A fixing module (200) is provided for fixing an element (12) onto a heat sink (20) of an electronic device (10); the fixing module (200) includes an element holder (40) for installing said element (12) thereon; a first fixing element (71), disposed on said element holder (40); and a second fixing element (72), disposed on a support plate (16) that is adjacent to said heat sink (20), wherein said second fixing element (72) is complementary to and cooperates with said first fixing element (71) to attach said element holder (40) to said support plate (16), so that said element (12) is fixed against said heat sink (20).
Patent WO-2021083336-A1 (WO)
Inventor: ZI ZHENTAO
IPC: A61P1/00
Filed: 2020-10-30
Abstract: 式（I）所示的胆汁酸及其衍生物在制备GPR39激动剂中的用途，以及含有这些胆汁酸及其衍生物作为活性成分的药物组合物，其用于预防、治疗和/或缓解与GPR39活性相关的疾病。
Patent WO-2021196594-A1 (WO)
Inventor: SONG XIAOBO
IPC: G06N3/08
Filed: 2020-10-30
Abstract: An attachment force adjustment method and apparatus, a device, and a storage medium, relating to the technical field of smart devices. Said method comprises: acquiring data acquired by a first sensor in a smart display terminal (S101); according to the data acquired by the first sensor, determining a behavior state of an attachment contact on the smart display terminal by using a pre-trained behavior prediction model (S102); and according to the behavior state of the attachment contact, adjusting the magnetic force of an electromagnet corresponding to the attachment contact in the smart display terminal, so as to adjust the attachment force of the attachment contact (S103). Compared with the prior art, the present invention avoids the problem in the prior art that the behavior state of the contact cannot be predicted, resulting in consumption of great effort for a user to take down the attachment contact, or a weak attachment force of the attachment contact during static adsorption.
Patent WO-2021238074-A1 (WO)
Title: Application device
Inventor: LIU CHUNFA
IPC: H04R9/02
Filed: 2020-11-07
Abstract: Disclosed in the present is an application device, comprising a plurality of elastic components; each elastic component comprises a first connection portion, a second connection portion, and a deformation portion located between the first connection portion and the second connection portion; the first connection portion and the second connection portion are respectively connected to different components in the application device, and the different components can move relative to each other, or the different components are relatively static; the deformation portion is formed by extending from a first end to a second end in a straight line and/or a curved line along the same direction or different directions; and all the elastic components are integrally stamping-formed by a sheet-like structure. The elastic components of the application device are integrally stamping-formed, being easy and convenient to manufacture, being easier to manage and control the flatness and size tolerance of the stamping-formed elastic components, and having a high product yield. Furthermore, the elastic components occupy a small space, facilitating the thinness of the product. In addition, even when a vibration unit has a large vibration displacement, the elastic components maintain a good compliance, and can provide a sufficient displacement.
Patent WO-2022099588-A1 (WO)
Title: 字符输入方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质
Inventor: CHEN WENQIANG
IPC: G06K9/00
Filed: 2020-11-13
Abstract: 本文公开了一种字符输入方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质。所述方法包括：确定通过手势执行凌空书写字符过程中产生的初始手势振动信号；从所述初始手势振动信号中，提取用于有效表征凌空书写字符信息的目标手势振动信号；通过对所述目标手势振动信号进行振动特征识别，确定凌空书写字符时的手势类型，以基于手势类型执行字符输入操作。
Patent WO-2021098603-A1 (WO)
Inventor: ZHOU WEIWEI
IPC: H04N5/232
Filed: 2020-11-13
Abstract: La présente divulgation concerne, dans ses modes de réalisation, un procédé d'affichage d'image de prévisualisation et un dispositif électronique. Le procédé comprend les étapes consistant à : lorsqu'une première image de prévisualisation d'un appareil de prise de vues contient un objet cible, acquérir un premier paramètre de l'objet cible ; et si le premier paramètre satisfait une condition prédéterminée, alors afficher une seconde image de prévisualisation de l'objet cible dans une région d'affichage cible. La résolution de la seconde image de prévisualisation est supérieure à la résolution de la première image de prévisualisation.
Patent WO-2021109841-A1 (WO)
Inventor: WU ANPING
IPC: G06K9/00
Filed: 2020-11-16
Abstract: 一种光线准直元件、指纹识别装置(100)及电子设备(200)，光线准直元件包括层叠设置的导光层(110)和光阻层(120)，光阻层(120)具有光线通道(121)，导光层(110)包括第一弧形面(111)和第二弧形面(112)，第一弧形面(111)与第二弧形面(112)相对且间隔开，第一弧形面(111)和第二弧形面(112)构造出光路整形装置，光线经光路整形装置整形后形成平行光，并进入到光线通道(121)内。
Patent WO-2021120971-A1 (WO)
Title: 一种基于fmcw的vr环境交互系统及方法
Inventor: ZHAO YANCHAO
IPC: G06F3/01
Filed: 2020-11-19
Abstract: 一种基于FMCW的VR环境交互系统及方法，该系统包括手套、信号接收节点(H)、信号发生器(S1,S2,S3)，其中：所述信号发生器(S1,S2,S3)为多个，用于发送FMCW信号；所述手套用于供用户佩戴在手上；所述信号接收节点(H)为多个，布置于手套上，用于接收信号发生器(S1,S2,S3)发出的FMCW信号；当信号接收节点(H)接收到FMCW信号时，通过FMCW技术测出一维距离，即信号接收节点(H)到信号发生器(S1,S2,S3)之间的距离；在测量出一维距离后，计算出信号接收节点(H)在信号发生器(S1,S2,S3)的坐标系中的位置；通过信号接收节点(H)位置的变化，追踪佩戴手套的手的位置的变化；通过输出的信号接收节点(H)组成的坐标点矩阵的变化，提供VR交互，为VR系统提供了更加贴合实际的人机交互方式。
Patent WO-2021068990-A1 (WO)
Inventor: YANG DAN
IPC: H04W72/08
Filed: 2020-11-20
Abstract: 本公开提供一种波束赋型报告传输方法、通信节点及计算机可读储存介质，所述传输方法包括：第一通信节点接收第三通信节点发送的包含所述第三通信节点与至少一个第二通信节点之间的波束赋型结果和/或信道质量测量结果的波束赋型报告。本公开的实施例中第三通信节点在第一通信节点的请求下或者是主动发送承载有其与至少一个第二通信节点之间的波束赋型结果和/或信道测量结果的波束赋型报告给第一通信节点，实现获取第三通信节点与至少一个第二通信节点之间的波束赋型结果和/或信道测量结果的功能，以满足多通信节点架构下的波束赋型需求，多通信节点协作传输时的干扰消除需求，及多通信节点之间数据传输需求，从而提高网络传输效率。
Patent WO-2021169449-A1 (WO)
Title: 空调室外机
Inventor: ZHOU XUEMING
IPC: F24F1/24
Filed: 2020-11-26
Abstract: 一种空调室外机(1)，包括：壳体(100)；控制板(200)，控制板(200)设于壳体(100)内；风道盖板(300)，风道盖板(300)设于壳体(100)内且在壳体(100)内限定出散热风道(301)；热管(400)，热管(400)具有蒸发部(410)和冷凝部(420)，蒸发部(410)与控制板(200)接触导热，冷凝部(420)设于散热风道(301)内；翅片(500)，翅片(500)设于热管(400)的冷凝部(420)且位于散热风道(301)内，翅片(500)开设有散热窗口(510)；第一导风装置(600)，第一导风装置(600)安装于壳体(100)内。
Patent WO-2021110041-A1 (WO)
Inventor: DIAO HONGHAO
IPC: H04N13/122
Filed: 2020-12-02
Abstract: 本申请涉及3D影像领域，公开多视点3D显示屏，包括：显示面板，包括多个复合像素，每个复合像素包括多个复合子像素，每个复合子像素包括对应多个视点的多个子像素；多个光栅，并列设置在多个复合像素上，光栅包括第一斜边和第二斜边并倾斜覆盖在多个复合像素上，使第一斜边和第二斜边与复合子像素相交以限定出倾角；复合子像素中与第一斜边相交或临近的子像素构成第一端子像素，与第二斜边相交或临近的子像素构成第二端子像素；倾角使得：沿第一斜边的延伸方向，至少部分相邻复合像素中与光栅具有最大重叠面积的第一端子像素的颜色不相同。本申请能去除3D显示的泛红晕或其他颜色的问题。本申请还公开一种多视点3D显示终端。
Patent WO-2021135798-A1 (WO)
Title: Application of mulberroside a and derivatives thereof in preparation of drugs for protecting intestinal barrier
Inventor: KONG LINGDONG
IPC: A61K31/05
Filed: 2020-12-03
Abstract: A novel application of Mulberroside A and the derivative resveratrol thereof in the preparation of drugs for protecting the intestinal barrier, Mulberroside A or a derivative thereof being the active ingredient in the drugs. The effects of Mulberroside A and derivatives thereof on neuroinflammation of the hippocampus of high-fructose diet mice, on intestinal barrier damage of high-fructose diet mice, and on intestinal flora disorders of high-fructose diet mice were studied by means of pharmacological experiments, and it was found that Mulberroside A and derivatives thereof can significantly inhibit central microglia activation and inflammatory factor levels in high-fructose diet mice, proving that Mulberroside A and derivatives thereof have the function of protecting the intestinal barrier and can be used for the preparation of drugs for the prevention and/or treatment of central nervous system inflammation and related neurodegenerative diseases caused by intestinal barrier damage, and can also reshape intestinal flora disorders caused by a high fructose diet and can be used for the preparation of drugs for regulating intestinal flora disorders.
Patent WO-2021121045-A1 (WO)
Title: 一种化学机械抛光液
Inventor: YU XIAYING
IPC: H01L21/304
Filed: 2020-12-03
Abstract: 一种化学机械抛光液，包括：研磨颗粒、催化剂、稳定剂、交联大分子表面缺陷抑制剂、氧化剂、水和pH调节剂。上述化学机械抛光液实现了同时抛光钨、氧化硅和氮化硅，保证高的钨的抛光速度的同时兼具中等的氧化硅速度和低的氮化硅速度，大大降低了抛光后氮化硅表面的表面缺陷，实现快速平坦化。
Patent WO-2022116130-A1 (WO)
Title: Reprise sur incident de faisceau basée sur ce mac dans un scénario multi-trp
Inventor: LIU BINGCHAO
IPC: H04B7/0408
Filed: 2020-12-04
Abstract: L'invention concerne des procédés et des appareils pour une reprise sur incident de faisceau basée sur CE MAC dans un scénario multi-TRP. Dans un mode de réalisation, un procédé comprend la transmission d'un rapport de capacité sur la configuration de support de multiples ensembles RS BFD pour une cellule de desserte ; et la réception d'une configuration comprenant au moins deux ensembles RS NBI (nouvelle identification de faisceau) et deux compteurs BFI (indication d'incident de faisceau) pour la cellule de desserte.
Patent WO-2021147534-A1 (WO)
Title: Self-cleaning control method for air conditioner
Inventor: XU LEI
IPC: F24F11/41
Filed: 2020-12-08
Abstract: A self-cleaning control method for an air conditioner. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a first heat exchange pressure of an outdoor heat exchanger (S100); acquiring a second heat exchange pressure of an indoor heat exchanger (S200); determining whether a first difference value between the first heat exchange pressure and a first preset pressure threshold value is greater than a first preset difference threshold value (S300); determining whether a second difference value between the second heat exchange pressure and a second preset pressure threshold value is greater than a second preset difference threshold value (S400); and selectively making an air conditioner enter a self-cleaning mode according to a determination result of whether the first difference value is greater than the first preset difference threshold value and that of whether the second difference value is greater than the second preset difference threshold value (S500), so that whether the indoor heat exchanger and/or the outdoor heat exchanger needs to be cleaned can be accurately determined.
Patent WO-2021129412-A1 (WO)
Inventor: LI ZHAOHUA
IPC: G09G3/32
Filed: 2020-12-11
Abstract: Un procédé et un appareil anti-diaphonie de ports de sortie d'écran d'affichage. Le procédé anti-diaphonie consiste : à calculer la largeur d'ouverture du courant de sortie de chaque port pendant une sous-période d'affichage, selon des données d'échantillon (S1) ; à déterminer l'instant d'ouverture de port et l'instant de fermeture de port de chaque port pendant une sous-période d'affichage, selon la valeur de réglage de temps d'ouverture et la largeur d'ouverture du courant de sortie (S2) ; et à commander l'ouverture et la fermeture du port correspondant, selon l'instant d'ouverture de port et l'instant de fermeture de port (S3). Différents ports commencent à transmettre un courant en différentes positions pendant une période d'affichage, sans affecter la largeur de temps d'affichage, afin d'empêcher l'ouverture simultanée de différents ports, ce qui permet de réduire la diaphonie de signaux sur un écran d'affichage et d'atténuer les EMI.
Patent WO-2022095230-A1 (WO)
Inventor: FU CHUNYAN
IPC: G06Q30/06
Filed: 2020-12-16
Abstract: L'invention concerne un procédé d'affichage d'informations de produits basé sur un accessoire intelligent, comportant les étapes consistant: lorsqu'une connexion à un accessoire intelligent ou l'obtention d'informations de produit est nécessaire, à entrer dans une page d'accueil d'un client, la page d'accueil comportant une zone d'affichage d'informations de produit et une zone de connexion pour l'accessoire intelligent; à afficher au moins un élément d'informations de produits au moyen de la zone d'affichage d'informations de produit, les informations de produits comportant des informations de produits d'accessoires intelligents; lorsqu'une instruction de déclenchement correspondant aux informations de produits est obtenue au moyen de la zone d'affichage d'informations de produit, à entrer dans une page d'informations correspondant aux informations de produits; et lorsqu'une instruction de connexion correspondant à un accessoire intelligent à connecter est obtenue au moyen de la zone de connexion, à établir, selon l'instruction de connexion, une connexion de communication entre le client et l'accessoire intelligent à connecter.
Patent WO-2022140900-A1 (WO)
Inventor: YIN SHI
IPC: G06F16/953
Filed: 2020-12-28
Abstract: A method for constructing and updating a personal knowledge graph in the field of artificial intelligence, the method comprising: acquiring an initial user static attribute and an initial user behavior attribute, and constructing a personal knowledge graph architecture according to the initial user static attribute and the initial user behavior attribute; acquiring initial user portrait data, initial user behavior data and an entity relationship set; obtaining M initial static entity triplets according to the initial user portrait data and the entity relationship set; obtaining E initial behavior entity triplets according to the initial user behavior data and the entity relationship set; and generating a personal knowledge graph according to the M initial static entity triplets, the E initial behavior entity triplets and the personal knowledge graph architecture. By means of the method, a personal knowledge graph that is highly related to user personal features can be constructed, so as to provide an intelligent recommendation service to users according to the personal knowledge graph.
Patent WO-2022134204-A1 (WO)
Title: Novel method for preparing glycollic amide and preparation of catalyst therefor
Inventor: YU FUHONG
IPC: B01J31/02
Filed: 2021-01-04
Abstract: Disclosed are a novel method for preparing glycollic amide and the preparation of a catalyst therefor. The present invention belongs to the technical field of coal chemical engineering and catalysts. The present invention involves preparing a high-activity metal catalyst by means of a high-temperature molten salt method using a distinct precursor, and at the same time, adding a liquid catalyst to form a solid-liquid mixed catalyst; and then reacting methyl glycolate, which is an intermediate product during a coal-to-ethylene glycol production process and acts as a starting raw material, with a primary amine compound under the action of the prepared catalyst to generate glycollic amide. The method for preparing glycollic amide as proposed by the present invention is novel and has a relatively high yield, and the method with the prepared catalyst is unique and exhibits a high activity during the reaction process.
Patent WO-2022048098-A1 (WO)
Inventor: WU YUEXIN
IPC: A63F13/45
Filed: 2021-01-07
Abstract: A game screen rendering method and system based on multiple graphics cards, the method comprising: identifying M physical graphics cards on a physical host; determining a rendering task and segmenting the rendering task into at least one rendering portion; determining a target physical graphics card according to the at least one rendering portion, the target physical graphics card being one or more of the M physical graphics cards; rendering the at least one rendering portion by means of the target physical graphics card; and outputting a rendering result by means of an output device. Fully using multiple physical graphics cards in a physical host to complete a rendering task in a single-process game process serving multiple users may involve each access user respectively using different graphics cards to render a game screen, and may also involve a single user simultaneously using multiple graphics cards to render a game screen, so that resources of multiple graphics cards can be fully used, the rendering capability is improved, and a higher frame rate is achieved.