Patent GB-493765-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the removal of paints, lacquers and varnishes
IPC: C09D9/00
Filed: 1937-04-09
Abstract: Paints, lacquers, and varnishes are removed from surfaces by treating the latter with a composition comprising (a) an organic solvent of the type suitable for the removal of paints, lacquers and varnishes from surfaces, e.g. benzene, tetrahydronaphthalene, ethyl alcohol or methylene chloride, and (b) an alkali, alkaline-earth, magnesium, aluminium or zinc alcoholate derived from an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or araliphatic hydroxy compound containing at least six carbon atoms in the molecule.  The hydroxy compounds from which the alcoholates may be prepared include (a) higher aliphatic alcohols such as lauryl, myristyl, cetyl, stearyl or oleyl alcohol, or the alcohols obtainable by reducing oils, fats or waxes such as coconut oil, tallow, castor oil, linseed oil, wood oil, sperm oil, spermaceti, carnauba wax, beeswax or wool fat; (b) ethers or esters containing free hydroxyl groups obtainable by partial etherification or esterification of lower polyhydric alcohols, such as glycol or glycerol, with higher aliphatic alcohols or with carboxylic acids of high molecular weight; (c) cycloaliphatic hydroxy compounds such as cyclohexanol, methylcyclohexanols, ac-tetrahydronaphthols, decahydronaphthols, hydrogenated dicresylmethanes, and cycloaliphatic alcohols obtainable by reducing naphthenic acids or resins or resin acids, such as colophony, copal or dammar-resin; (d) partial etherification products of glycol or glycerol with the specified cycloaliphatic hydroxy compounds; (e) benzyl alcohol or phenylethyl alcohol.  In the examples, (1) a mixture of cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol is treated with sodium, the product is dissolved in tetrahydronaphthalene, and the solution is mixed with benzene, ethyl alcohol and methylene chloride; a gelatinous paste is obtained, and is applied to surfaces from which oil lacquers or oil or varnish colours are to be removed; (2) a mixture of cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol is heated with calcium oxide, and the alcoholate mixture so obtained is dissolved in tetrahydronaphthalene; the solution is then mixed with castor oil, with or without kieselguhr or powdered chalk, to yield a gelatinous paste which is used for cleaning surfaces or enamel, glass, wood or artificial masses.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 mentions rapeseed oil and montan wax as additional materials from which suitable alcohols are obtainable by reduction, and states that the alcoholates may be used in the manufacture of polishing waxes, shoe creams and polishes, furniture polishes, abrasives, candle-hardening agents, lubricants, rustproofing agents and washing and cleansing agents.  For these purposes the alcoholates may be mixed, as may be appropriate, with other substances such as oils, fats or waxes of vegetable, animal, mineral or synthetic origin, synthetic resins such as phenol-formaldehyde and glyptal type resins, factice or other rubber substitutes, and organic solvents in general.  The following examples are given: (1) octadecyl alcohol is heated with sodium, and the product is fused with a natural wax such as carnauba wax, beeswax or montan wax; the final product may be dissolved in turpentine oil or heavy benzene to yield a polishing composition; (2) the glycerol monoester of hydroxystearic acid is heated to 125 DEG  C. with calcium hydroxide, and the alcoholate so obtained is fused with hardened castor oil and bleached montan wax; a product suitable for making polishing waxes and shoe creams is obtained; (3) a polyglycol monoester of montanic acid is heated to 130 DEG  C. with calcium oxide, and the product is fused with the butylene glycol ester of montanic acid to yield a waxy product; (4) octadecanediol is heated to 250 DEG  C. with calcium, and the alcoholate so obtained is dissolved in tetrahydronaphthalene; (5) an alcohol mixture obtained by the reduction of sperm oil is heated to 220 DEG  C. with sodium; the product may be added as a hardening agent to compositions for making candles; (6) colophonium resin acid (sic) is heated to 300 DEG C. with calcium to yield an "alcoholatelike reaction product," which may be fused with resin alcohol and then emulsified in an aqueous liquid to yield a composition suitable for producing water-repelling dressings on textiles; (7) ricinoleic alcohol, or a resin alcohol obtained by reducing colophony, is heated to 180-200 DEG  C. with sodium, and the product is dissolved in spindle oil to yield a jelly useful as a lubricant.  This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.ALSO:Paints, lacquers, and varnishes are removed from surfaces by treating the latter with a composition comprising (a) an organic solvent of the type suitable for the removal of paints, lacquers and varnishes from surfaces, e.g. benzene, tetrahydronaphthalene, ethyl alcohol or methylene chloride, and (b) an alkali, alkaline-earth, magnesium, aluminium or zinc alcoholate derived from an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or araliphatic hydroxy compound containing at least six carbon atoms in the molecule.  The hydroxy compounds from which the alcoholates may be prepared include (a) higher aliphatic alcohols such as lauryl, myristyl, cetyl, stearyl or oleyl alcohol, or the alcohols obtainable by reducing oils, fats or waxes such as coconut oil, tallow, castor oil, linseed oil, wood oil, sperm oil, spermaceti, carnauba wax, beeswax or wool fat; (b) ethers or esters containing free hydroxyl groups obtainable by partial etherification or esterification of lower polyhydric alcohols, such as glycol or glycerol, with higher aliphatic alcohols or with carboxylic acids of high molecular weight; (c) cycloaliphatic hydroxy compounds such as cyclohexanol, methylcyclohexanols, ac - tetrahydronaphthols, decahydronaphthols, hydrogenated dicresylmethanes, and cycloaliphatic alcohols obtainable by reducing naphthenic acids or resins or resin acids, such as colophony, copal or dammar-resin; (d) partial etherification products of glycol or glycerol with the specified cycloaliphatic hydroxy compounds; (e) benzyl alcohol or phenylethyl alcohol.  The alcoholates of these compounds, in so far as they are novel products, are produced analogously to the known higher alcoholates.  In the examples: (1) a mixture of cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol is treated with sodium, the product is dissolved in tetrahydronaphthalene, and the solution is mixed with benzene, ethyl alcohol and methylene chloride; a gelatinous paste is obtained, and is applied to surfaces from which oil p  lacquers or oil or varnish colours are to be removed; (2) a mixture of cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol is heated with calcium oxide, and the alcoholate mixture so obtained is dissolved in tetrahydronaphthalene; the solution is then mixed with castor oil, with or without kieselguhr or powdered chalk, to yield a gelatinous paste which is used for cleaning surfaces of enamel, glass, wood or artificial masses.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 states that the alcoholates may be prepared by the action of the specified metals or their amalgams, oxides, hydroxides or reactive salts on the specified hydroxy compounds at atmospheric or raised temperature and pressure and optionally in the presence of a solvent such as a hydrocarbon. Rapeseed oil and montan wax are additional materials from which suitable alcohols are stated to be obtainable by reduction.  The alcoholates may be used in the manufacture of polishing waxes, shoe creams and polishes, furniture polishes, abrasives, candle-hardening and wick-impregnating agents, fireproofing agents, synthetic resins, dressing or impregnating agents for textiles, vermin-destroying compositions, lubricants, insulating compositions, rustproofing agents, salves, adhesives, and washing and cleansing agents, and for these purposes the alcoholates may be mixed, as may be appropriate, with other substances such as oils, fats or waxes of vegetable, animal, mineral or synthetic origin, synthetic resins such as phenol-formaldehyde and glyptal type resins, factice or other rubber substitutes, and organic solvents in general.  The following examples are given: (1) octadecyl alcohol is heated with sodium, and the product is fused with a natural wax such as carnauba wax, beeswax or montan wax; the final product may be dissolved in turpentine oil or heavy benzine to yield a polishing composition; (2) the glycerol monoester of hydroxystearic acid (obtainable by heating hydroxystearic acid with excess of glycerol in the presence of a catalyst) is heated to 125 DEG  C. with calcium hydroxide, and the alcoholate so obtained is fused with hardened castor oil and bleached montan wax; a product suitable for making polishing waxes and shoe creams is obtained; (3) a polyglycol monoester of montanic acid (obtainable by heating montanic acid with an excess of polyglycol to 200 DEG  C.) is heated to 130 DEG  C. with calcium oxide, and the product is fused with the butylene glycol ester of montanic acid to yield a waxy product; (4) octadecanediol is heated to 250 DEG  C. with calcium; a solution of the alcoholate in tetrahydronaphthalene may be used for impregnating wicks; (5) an alcohol mixture obtained by the reduction of sperm oil is heated to 220 DEG  C. with sodium; the product may be added as a hardening agent to compositions for making candles; (6) colophonium resin acid (sic) is heated to 300 DEG C. with calcium to yield an "alcoholate-like reaction product" which may be used for hardening natural resins; the product may also be fused with resin alcohol, and then emulsified in an aqueous liquid to yield a composition suitable for producing water-repelling dressings on textiles; (7) montan wax alcohol (obtained by catalytic reduction from montanic acid) is heated to 250 DEG  C. with calcium, and the product is added to a varnish comprising nitrocellulose, an ordinary solvent mixture and (as a softening agent) adipic