baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-484132-A (GB)
Title: Process for the production of valuable hydrocarbon products from bituminous coal by destructive hydrogenation
IPC: C10G1/00
Filed: 1937-01-26
Abstract: Bituminous coals containing more than 84 per cent and preferably over 88 per cent carbon are pretreated prior to destructive hydrogenation with oxides of nitrogen at elevated but below combustion temperatures, e.g. at 50-200 DEG  C. for about half an hour or more. Finely ground bituminous coal is exposed to a nitric oxide atmosphere for 4 hours at 70 DEG  C. the alteration in the composition of the coal being ..Before.After ..treatment..treatment .C.87,62 per cent.85,33 per cent .H.5,37.5,03 .O.4,05.6,40 .N.2,13.2,40 .S.0,83.,084 The coal thus treated is pasted with an equal amount of heavy oil obtained from the same coal by destructive hydrogenation and with 0,06 per cent tin oxalate and 0,75 chlorine as ammonium chloride.  The paste is treated with hydrogen at 450 DEG  C. and 250 atmos., 96 per cent of the coal being converted into an oil comprising 95 per cent benzine and middle oil and into gases in amount equal to 13,6 per cent of the constituents obtained boiling up to 325 DEG  C.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 described the pretreatment of coal in presence of oxidizing agents comprising oxygen, halogens, hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate.  This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.
Patent GB-628633-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in hydraulic weighing scales
IPC: G01G5/00
Filed: 1947-01-25
Abstract: 628,633. Weighing apparatus. AVERY, Ltd., W. & T. (Williams, L. S.). Jan. 25, 1947, No. 2365. [Class 143] A hydraulic weighing scale incorporating a hydraulic capsule 1 serving as a support for the load receiver of the scale, is characterised by a sheet of deformable, non- resilient material 14 interposed between the capsule and its support 13. The lead sheet 14, which is designed to yield under the pressure of the ribbed base 12, of the capsule 1 at its first loading, so as to provide a uniform support .for the capsule at all subsequent loadings, is corrugated and may be either square or circular. Since the support is necessary at the capsule edges only the central portion of the sheet may either be removed or left uncorrugated.
Patent GB-929219-A (GB)
Title: Synthetic rubber latex suitable for use in the production of foamed articles
IPC: C08F36/04
Filed: 1962-01-23
Abstract: A synthetic rubber latex comprises a rubber component the major proportion of which is a copolymer of a conjugated diene and a monovinyl-substituted aromatic compound in a weight ratio of from 50:50 to 90:10 which copolymer has been prepared by emulsion polymerization in which all the aromatic compound is present initially and the conjugated diene is added in a plurality of portions or continuously at a fluctuating rate during the polymerization reaction.  The conjugated diene may be present initially in amount from 10 to 20 parts per 100 of total monomer, and may be added in at least three portions.  Butadiene and styrene are the specified monomers.  Peroxides, redox catalysts, organo-metallic catalysts, emulsifying agents (sulphonates &c.) and modifying agents (e.g. mercaptans) may also be present.  The product may be gelled and vulcanized and may be used in the production of foamed articles.ALSO:Foamed articles are made from a rubber latex component the major proportion of which is a copolymer of a conjugated diene and a monovinyl-substituted aromatic compound in a weight ratio of from 50 : 50 to 90 : 10 which copolymer has been prepared by an emulsion polymerization in which all the aromatic compound is present initially and the conjugated diene is added in a plurality of portions or continuously at a fluctuating rate during the polymerization reaction.  Butadiene and styrene are specified. The latex may be foamed by any conventional procedure.  In a typical process, a latex of butadiene-styrene (68,7-31,3) of 61% solids is mixed with 2,5 parts sulphur (50% dispersion) and 0,75 parts zinc diethyl-dithiocarbamate and 1 part of the zinc salt of mercaptobenzothiazole (50% dispersion), set, 0,5 styrenated phenol, 0,75 parts mixture of ethyl chloride, ammonia and formaldehyde and 0,15 part methocel added, whipped to a foam gelled with zinc oxide and sodium silicfluoride and vulcanised in moulds.
Patent GB-822946-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in pointer type indicating instruments and in burst testers
IPC: G01N3/06
Filed: 1957-01-23
Abstract: 822,946. Speedometers; testing strength of paper, pressure gauges. SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS (GLASGOW) Ltd., and DREWELL, C. H. Jan. 24, 1958 [Jan. 23, 1957], No. 2466/57. Classes 106 (2) and 106 (3). A pointer type instrument for indicating the speed of rotation of a rotary member comprises a pointer 15, Fig. 1, carried by a sleeve or ring 13 mounted on said member, a silicone or other viscous film 14 introduced between said member and the sleeve or ring, spring means 18 to oppose movement of the pointer and sleeve or ring when the member is rotated, and a graduated scale 16 over which the pointer 15 moves when the drag transmitted by the member through the film to the sleeve or ring overcomes the biasing of the spring, the construction being such that the drag, and therefore the movement of the pointer 15, is dependent on the speed of rotation of the member. The spring 18 is a hair-spring attached at one end to a fixed pin 17 and at the other end 19 to the pointer 15. The rotary member is the spindle of an hydraulic pressure gauge, and carries a pointer 12 moving over the scale 16 to indicate the pressure. A burst tester, Fig. 3, for measuring the strength of paper comprises an hydraulic cylinder 21 with a ram 22 operated by a handle 23. A flexible diaphragm 27 surmounted by a ring 28 seals an opening 26 in the discharge end of the cylinder, and a paper sheet 29 to be tested is clamped on the ring 28 by a clamp 30 operated by a hand-screw 31, calibrated to indicate the clamping force. The cylinder communicates through a pipe 33 and non-return valve 34 with the tube 34a of the pressure gauge. The spindle 10 carrying the pointer 12 has secured on it a pinion 40 meshing with a pivoted toothed quadrant 41 with a radial arm 42, the end of which is connected by a link 43 to the tube 34a, so that a change of pressure therein rotates the spindle. The handle 23 is turned to increase the pressure in the cylinder to inflate the diaphragm and eventually burst the paper, when the pressure is read by means of the pointer 12, and a needle valve 37a opened to release the pressure before any subsequent test. It is necessary, in order to get an accurate result, to obtain a uniform increase in pressure, and this requires a non-constant rotation of the handle 23. The handle 23 is turned while watching the pointer 15 and so as to hold the latter stationary, indicating constant speed of movement of the pointer 12.
Patent GB-1022061-A (GB)
Title: Solutions for immersion plating gold and silver
IPC: C23C18/42
Filed: 1963-06-21
Abstract: A gold-plating aqueous solution for immersion plating gold contains a soluble gold compound, a compound forming complex ions with metallic ions originating from the foundation metal to be plated, a buffer solution and added active metal ions e.g. Cu, Ni, Co, added as salts. A silver-plating solution for immersion plating silver comprises an aqueous solution consisting of a silver compound, a cyanide, a compound for forming complex ions with metallic ions originating from the foundation metal to be plated and a soluble salt of at least one element from copper, nickel, cobalt, zinc and gold.  The added active metal ions are added to the gold or silver plating solutions to change the electrode potential of the foundation metal to be plated by at least 150 millivolts as measured before and during plating operation.  Suitable soluble gold compounds include gold-potassium cyanide; suitable complexing agents are ethylene diamine 2-sodium tetraacetate, citric acid, salicylic acid, mandelic acid and tartaric acid.  As the buffer solution a mixture of NH4OH and NH4Cl may be used for the pH range 8-11 and a mixture of triethanolamine and its chloride for the pH range 6.5-8.  The solution may contain from 0.003-0.1 mol/litre of soluble Au compound, from 0.004-0.08 mol/litre of active metal salt, from 0.27-0.027 mol/litre of complexing agent, and from 1-120 c.cs./litre of buffer solution for setting the pH value from 5-11.  Preferably the foundation metal e.g. nickel to be plated with Au or Ag is preliminarily dipped in 1:1 HCl at 80  DEG C. for 1 minute.
Patent GB-864726-A (GB)
Title: Mixer
Inventor: BARNETT DONALD K
IPC: B01F7/16
Filed: 1960-01-22
Abstract: 864,726. Mixing appliances. WINKEL MACHINE CO. Inc. Jan. 22, 1960, No. 2509/60. Class 86 A machine for mixing lead oxide and sulphuric acid to form battery paste comprises a container 11 resting on a plate 31 rotatable about an axial shaft 28 by means of a motor 22 acting through gear box 23 and gears 26, 27. Stirrers 71 are rotated about an axis eccentric to that of the container 11 by means of a motor 64 and gearbox 67. Motors 51, 59 drive fans 52, 58 respectively. Fan 52 forces cooling air into the container 11 through duct 54; fan 58 exhausts air and fumes from the container duct 63. Fan 58 is of greater capacity than fan 52 and therefore removes a greater quantity of air from the container than is forced in by fan 52; air is consequently drawn into the container under the loose-fitting hood 36, thus ensuring that no toxic fumes escape into the workplace. The hood, fans and stirring apparatus are mounted on a cylinder 41 which is vertically slidable on a fixed piston 42 and may be raised by the admission of pressure fluid through the pipe 45, thus raising the stirrer assembly so that the stirrers are clear of the container. The hood also carries hooks 82, 83 which may be engaged with a flange 84 on the container, whereby the container may be raised from the plate 31 for exchange or replacement.
Patent GB-950415-A (GB)
Title: A syringe device for measuring electrochemical potentials
IPC: G01N27/30
Filed: 1962-01-24
Abstract: 950,415. Electrolytic testing apparatus. BECKMAN INSTRUMENTS Inc. Jan. 24, 1962 [Feb. 3, 1961], No. 2548/62. Heading G1N. A device for anaerobically taking small samples of a body fluid (e.g. blood) and serving to determine an electrochemical potential, comprises a syringe, and an indicating electrode and a reference electrode forming a unitary assembly constituting the plunger of the syringe. The indicating electrode includes a glass tube 17 having a membrane 18 at one end and containing an electrolyte 19, e.g. aqueous potassium chloride. Immersed in the electrolyte is a half cell element 20, e.g. of a silver-silver chloride mixture. Surrounding tube 17 is a tube 25 sealed by seal ring 26, which also bears on the body 10 of the syringe. Ring 26 may be of silicone rubber, nylon, P. T. F. E. or rubber. The space between tubes 17 and 25 contains electrolyte 30 and half-cell element 31 (e.g. of Ag-AgCl or Hg-HgCl) defining the reference electrode. A thread 34, or a capillary tube, extends between seal 26 and the indicating electrode.
Patent GB-652993-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to connecting rods for internal combustion engines
Inventor: BARLOW BENJAMIN WILLIAM
IPC: F16H21/34
Filed: 1948-12-22
Abstract: 652,993. Connecting rods. NAPIER & SON, Ltd., D. Dec. 22, 1948, No. 2559. Addition to 633,934, [Group XXXIV] '[Class 122(i)] [Also in Group XXXIV] The connecting rods 11, 12 of an opposed cylinder internal-combustion engine are provided with forked ends 13, 16 bearing on a crank pin 10, and having bearing strips 15, 18 which are a force fit in concave recesses in the forks between abutments 10- 43. The rods 11, 12 are held in contact with the pin 10 by bolts 21, 22 passing through bosses 19, 20 in the rod 11 and holding in place a pair of capping pieces 23 embracing bearing surfaces 25 on the rod 12. A coating of a bearing metal may be provided on the surface 25 or the inner surfaces of the capping pieces 23. Lubricating oil is pumped through a bore 27 in the pin 10, during rotation of which it passes through a passage 28 to grooves 29, 30 in the strips 15, 18 and through holes 31, 32 therein to grooves 33, 34, from which it passes through passages 35, 36 to lubricate the piston. The bearing surfaces 25 are also lubricated by passages connected to the groove 34.
Patent GB-1371466-A (GB)
Title: Drink dispensing machines
IPC: B67D1/00
Filed: 1973-01-18
Abstract: 1371466 Dispensing beverages BOOTH DISPENSERS Ltd 18 Jan 1973 2560/73 Heading A4T [Also in Division B1] A machine for dispensing carbonated drinks from carbonated water and syrup comprises a carbonator tank 10, having a water supply line 18, 22, an injection means 48, 52, 54 for injecting carbon dioxide gas under pressure into the tank, two or more mixing and dispensing stations 42 connected to a single syrup tank or two or more syrup tanks and two or more supply means 60, 66 for independently supplying carbonated water from the carbonator tank to one of the two or  more dispensing stations. The carbonator tank is surrounded by a refrigerator coil 12 around which a fresh water cooling coil 20 is mounted; the outlet pipe 22 from the coil 20 leads to a dispensing station 30 for non-carbonated drinks and, via a spray valve 26, into the tank 10. Coils 36, 38 are fed with different syrups via pipes 32, 34, the outlet pipes 40, 44 from the coils leading to two independent dispensing stations 42. The pressurized carbonated water is fed to the two dispensing stations via independent pipes 60, 66.
Patent GB-1249170-A (GB)
Title: Feed mechanism
Inventor: VILEN ERIK OLAVI
IPC: B65B41/16
Filed: 1969-07-07
Abstract: 1,249,170. Feeding webs to wrapping machines. TRIANGLE PACKAGE MACHINERY CO. 7 July, 1969, No. 2580/70. Divided out of 1,249,169. Headings B8C and B8R. A wrapping machine has a web feeding mechanism comprising three vertically spaced pairs of drive and idler shafts 234, 235-238, 239 adjacent three spaced pairs of roll-supporting rods 228-230, so that when a roll is required for use it can be moved from one of the pairs of rods to the adjacent drive and idler shafts. Each pair of rods 228-230 supports a roll of different width. The drive shafts 234, 236, 238 are interconnected by belts and are driven from a main shaft 24 by means of belts and pulleys connecting the main shaft 24 to the drive shaft 236 via an electric clutch (Fig. 4, not shown). The web passes between the shaft 259 and an associated shaft 262 and over a shaft 268 to below a web tensioning bar 269, and thence over a shaft 273 to the wrapping station of the machine. The tensioning bar 269 slides in a guide 271 between microswitches 274, 275 which control the electric clutch.
Patent GB-324523-A (GB)
Title: Process of and apparatus for blending textile fibers
IPC: D01G9/00
Filed: 1929-01-25
Abstract: 324,523. Stevens, D. Jan. 25, 1929. Feeding openers etc.; lap-forming apparatits.- A continuous process for mixing or blending fibres comprises separating the fibres into small, light flocks and automatically showering such flocks over, and allowing them to settle in superposed layers on a predetermined space. The heap so formed is moved forward bodily at a uniform rate and the fibres constituting the advancing edges of the superposed layers are removed continuously, whilst further fibres are being continuously deposited on the heap. The fibres after being opened for example by passing through a hopper feeder and a picker are projected at high speed by a current, preferably of hot air, through an opening 33, Fig. 2, into a chamber 1, the floor of which is an endless belt or creeper 11 of canvas with slats 12. The belt fits snugly against the side walls, and packing material may be employed to prevent the escape of air or fibre. The fibres are deposited lightly on the belt and form a drift 39 which is carried forward by the belt to an upwardly-moving spiked apron 29 which removes the end fibres from the drift. The fibres are doffed by a roller from the apron 29 and passed forward along a conduit as desired. The fibres may be projected mechanically into the chamber and means other than the spiked apron may be used to remove, the fibres from the drift 39. The apron 29 may move horizontally transversely to the movement of the belt 11. The chamber 1 preferably stands on feet 6 and is higher at the delivery end than at the end at which the fibres enter. A main drive shaft 18, Fig. 4, with fast and loose pulleys, drives by a belt 20 a shaft 21 journaled in a frame 8 forming an end casing for the chamber. The shaft 21 drives, through a chain 23 and gearing 25, 26, the spiked apron 29. The belt 11 is driven from the, lower shaft of the apron 29 through speed reducing gearing 30. Specifications 12665/99, 16894/14 and 163,860 are referred to.
Patent GB-703394-A (GB)
Title: An improved fibrous insulating material
Inventor: VINCENT RUSSELL SWALE
IPC: C03C25/305
Filed: 1950-02-01
Abstract: A flexible electric insulating material, e.g. for use as a dielectric in a capacitor, is prepared by mixing together a major proportion of glass fibres and a minor proportion of polytetrafluorethylene, forming the mixture into sheet or tape, with or without the application of pressure, and heating it to soften the polymer and bind the glass fibres together.  The polymer may be added in the form of dry fibres, filaments, threads or as a latex or slurry in water or other heat-removable liquids. Pressure may be applied before or after the softening, and fillers, e.g. titanium dioxide and titanates, wetting agents, e.g. sodium and ammonium salts of higher alkyl sulphates, cetyl ammonium and pyridinium bromides, and derivatives of polyethylene glycol, together with binders, e.g. ethyl silicate, butyl titanate, colloidal aluminium hydroxide and those used in cellulose paper manufacture, may be present.  Certain of the binders may leave residues such as silica, titania or alumina after the heating stage.
Patent GB-304796-A (GB)
Title: Method and apparatus for hydrogenation and distillation of hydrocarbon oils and other carbonaceous material
IPC: C10G47/00
Filed: 1929-01-26
Abstract: 304,796. Standard Oil Development Co., (Assignee of Clark, E. M.). Jan. 26, 1928, [Convention date]. Hydrogenation, destructive; hydrocarbons, distilling.-Light hydrocarbons are obtained from oils by heating the oil under a pressure of at least 50 atmospheres in presence of hydrogen, withdrawing the vapours and liquids produced, and continuously distilling the liquids in a plurality of distillation zones the residual oil being returned to the hydrogenation zone. The apparatus comprises a series of stills 1 - - 5 provided with fractionating heads 6 - - 10, a heating coil 31, primary hydrogenating drums 33 and secondary drums 45. The crude oil preheated by passage through coils 12 and heat exchanger 26 is mixed with hydrogen in a mixer 29 and then - passed through the heating coil 31 to the reaction drums 33. The latter are insulated but may be heated internally by electric heaters or by injecting hot hydrogen through sprayers 38. The products pass to the secondary hydrogenation drums 45 filled with catalytic masses 50 where they are further heated with hydrogen preheated in exchangers 48, 48<1>. The vapours produced are used to preheat the crude oil and hydrogen in exchangers 26, 53 and are then passed to condensers 54 and separator 55 from which the liquid products are led through a pipe 58 to the stills 6 - - 10. The latter are heated progressively to higher temperatures and fractions corresponding to gasoline, kerosene &c. pass off through pipes 16 - - 20. The hydrogen is recirculated through the apparatus and is kept pure by passage through purifiers 60, 66. In a modification the stills 1 - - 5 are replaced by heating coils and fractionating columns. Specifications 295,142 and 304,301 are referred to.
Patent GB-574732-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to self-locking nuts
IPC: F16B39/38
Filed: 1944-02-15
Abstract: 574,732. Self-locking nuts. ROBERTSON, J. H., and CHILDS, J. H. Feb. 15, 1944, No. 2776. [Class 89 (i)] Relates to self-locking nuts of the type in which the upper part of the nut is cross-slotted and closed in to afford a frictional grip on the bolt and consists in making one or more of the cross slots e in a plane oblique to the axis and in undercutting the slotted portion at c. Deformation may take place both in the direction of the arrows f and the arrow g. To avoid damage to the threads of the bolt particularly when of soft metal with a protective coating the outer thread of the deformed part may be well rounded and in a modification this rounding is continued so that the end of the nut is of toroidal form b, Fig. 8, and the undercut c is extended to chamber out the toroidal end. To reduce the formation of burrs in the threads, due to the cross slotting, the thread is sizetapped after the slots have been cut. When more than one cross slot is employed some of the slots may be in planes parallel to the axis.
Patent GB-564706-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to apparatus for capping or closing phials and other containers
Filed: 1943-02-20
Abstract: 564,706. Capping glass phials &c. BOOTS PURE DRUG CO., Ltd., and OSCROFT, F. Feb. 20, 1943, No. 2864. [Class 125 (ii)] A phial or like-container 1, Fig. 9, e.g. for insulin, is closed by a rubber cap 3 by stretching the cap by hand over three arms 29 pressed resiliently by a spring 31, and forcing the phial &c. upwards so that the arms spread, the container neck enters the cap and the flange of the cap wraps itself closely round the container head. The phials &c. 1 are carried in turn between the pegs 37, Fig. 2, of an intermittently moving conveyer to a platform 46, Fig. 5, which is vertically reciprocated at intervals by a cam 16 engaging a roller 50 mounted on a main table 47 carrying platform 46 to carry the phial &c. through the capping process described. The container is then carried round on a rotating table 4 which has two further stations, at one of which a cap is placed on the arms, and at the other of which the closed container is removed. The table 4 is held stationary during the dwell at the three stations by a stop 6 connected by elements 23, 20 to a roller 19 actuated by a cam 18. Element 23 also carries a capping stop 26 which is brought down on the rubber cap 3 after the phial &c. has been pushed up through arms 29.
Patent GB-214358-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the production of compounds of sulphur with alkali or alkaline earth metals
IPC: C01B17/22
Filed: 1923-01-31
Abstract: Alkali and alkaline earth sulphides, hydrosulphides and thiosulphates are produced by heating alkali or alkaline earth thiosulphate with a hydrocarbon, and sulphur or iron pyrites or other heavy metal sulphide such as copper or lead sulphides and with or without a catalyst such as finely-divided iron, nickel, or copper or their sulphides; or by heating a mixture of an alkali sulphate, bisulphate, sulphite, or thiosulphate and an alkali or alkaline earth oxide hydrate or carbonate with a hydrocarbon and sulphur or iron pyrites. The heating is effected in a reducing atmosphere with exclusion of air and may be under pressure. Examples describe the production of alkali hydrosulphide from alkali sulphate sulphur and heavy oil; alkali thiosulphate from alkali sulphate, sulphur, and heavy oil at a lower temperature; alkali hydrosulphide from the alkali thiosulphate reaction product by further heating with more hydrocarbon; alkali hydrosulphide from alkali sulphite; alkali sulphide by reducing the quantity of hydrocarbon in the above examples; calcium and barium sulphides from the corresponding sulphates hydrocarbon and sulphur; alkali hydrosulphide from alkali bisulphate, hydrocarbon and sulphur or iron pyrites with or without a catalyst.  Specifications 168,097, 169,247, 169,764, and 173,337 are referred to.