Patent GB-980386-A (GB)
Title: Polymers and copolymers containing reactive groups
IPC: D06M15/347
Filed: 1962-01-17
Abstract: Aqueous polymer dispersions are made by polymerizing, in aqueous emulsion by means of free-radical forming catalysts chloroacetic acid allylamide, N - allyl - N - methyl - N - beta - sulphato - ethylamine, N - allyl - N - methyl - N - beta - chloroethylamine, or a monomer of the formula:- <FORM:0980386/C3/1> wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or methyl group and R2 represents one of the groups:- <FORM:0980386/C3/2> -Ar-SO2-NH-(CH2)n-Y, -CO.NH-Ar.SO2-(CH2)n-Y or -CO.NH-Ar-SO2-NH-(CH2)n-Y; wherein n is 2, 3 or 4, Y represents an -OSO2H group, a chlorine or a bromine atom, Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic nucleus, and R3 represents a hydrogen atom, a C1-C4 alkyl radical or the radical -(CH2)n-OSO2H. Examples of such monomers are mono- and di - N - (beta - chloroethyl) acrylamides and methacrylamides, N - (beta - sulphatoethyl) acrylamide and methactylamide, N-methyl-N-beta - bromoethyl methacrylamide, styrene - N - (beta - sulphatoethyl) sulphonamide, styrene - N - (beta - chloroethyl) sulphonamide, and acrylamides and methacrylamides N-substituted by benzenesulphatoethyl and benzenesulphonamidoethyl groupings.  As comonomers which may be used with the above monomers there are specified unsaturated mono- and di-carboxylic acids and derivatives thereof, vinyl ethers and esters, vinyl and vinylidene halides, styrene and its derivatives and dienes, e.g. methyl and butyl acrylates, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, N-alpha-methyl acryloyl sulphanilic acid, styrene and butadiene. Mixtures of three or more monomers may be copolymerized. Polymerization catalysts specified are alkali metal and ammonium persulphates and mixtures thereof with sulphur compounds of low oxidation stage or amines, organic peroxides and azo compounds.  As emulsifiers in the aqueous medium there may be used long chain sulphates and sulphonates and salts thereof, soaps, salts of fatty acid condensation products with hydroxyalkyl or aminoalkyl carboxylic acids, reaction products of alkylene oxides with phenols and fatty alcohols, and sugar esters and ethers.  The examples describe the aqueous emulsion copolymerization of:  (1) butadiene, styrene, acrylonitrile and N-(beta-sulphatoethyl) acrylamide, (2) butyl acrylate, styrene and N-(beta-sulphatoethyl) methacrylamide, (3) vinyl acetate and N-(beta-sulphatoethyl) methacrylamide, (4) acrylonitrile, styrene and N-(beta-sulphatoethyl) methacrylamide, (5) acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate and N-(beta-sulphatoethyl) acrylamide, (6) butyl acrylate, styrene and N-methyl-N-beta-chloroethyl methacrylamide, (7) styrene and N-methyl-N-bromoethyl methacrylamide, (8) butyl acrylate, styrene, N-methacryloyl sulphanilic acid and either styrene-N-(beta-sulphatoethyl) sulphonamide or styrene - N - (beta - sulphatoethyl) carbonamide, and (9) butyl acrylate, styrene and N-di-(beta-sulphatoethyl) methacrylamide. The resulting copolymer emulsions are used in the treatment of textiles and leather, for which purpose they may be used in conjunction with dimethylol urea or dimethylol ethylene urea to give a finish which is wash-fast on curing.ALSO:The resistance of textiles to rubbing and scouring is improved by applying thereto an aqueous dispersion of a polymer of chloracetic acid allyl amide, N-alkyl-N-methyl-N-beta-sulphatoethylamine, N-allyl-N-methyl-N-beta-chloroethylamine or a monomer of the formula <FORM:0980386/D1-D2/1> wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or methyl group and R2 represents one of the groups: <FORM:0980386/D1-D2/2> or -CO-NH-Ar-SO2-(CH2)n-Y; wherein n is 2, 3 or 4, Y represents an -OSO2 H group, a chlorine or a bromine atom, Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic nucleus, and R3 represents a hydrogen atom, a C1-C4 alkyl radical or the radical -(CH2)n-OSO3H.  (see Division C3).  Examples of such monomers are mono- and di-N-(beta-chloroethyl) acrylamides and methacrylamides, N-(beta-sulphatoethyl) acrylamide and methacrylamide, N-methyl-N-beta-bromoethyl methacrylamide, styrene-N-(beta-sulphatoethyl) sulphonamide, styrene-N-(beta-chloroethyl) sulphonamide, and acrylamides and methacrylamides N-substituted by benzenesulphatoethyl and benzenesulphonamidoethyl groups.  Preferred comonomers for copolymerization with the above monomers are methyl and butyl acrylates, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, styrene and butadiene, and mixtures thereof.  The textile impregnated with the polymer dispersion is dried, and then heated to set the polymer.  If desired, the process may be coupled with the application of a crease-resistant finish to the textile by incorporating dimethylol urea or dimethylol ethylenurea in the polymer dispersion. Specified textiles to which the process may be applied are those made from wool, cotton jute and rayon, polycaprolactam, polyurethanes, polyesters and polyacrylonitrile.