Patent GB-1355749-A (GB)
Title: Cascade control system
IPC: F15B5/00
Filed: 1972-07-13
Abstract: 1355749 Fluid-pressure servomotor systems FOXBORO CO 13 July 1972 [19 July 1971] 32742/72 Heading G3P In a process control system in which primary measurement and set point signals are applied to a controller 12 and the output from the controller 12 is applied as a set point signal to a controller 14 to oppose a secondary measurement signal, bumpless transfer to manual from automatic operation is provided by a valve 302 which connects the output from a manually operated valve 306 to a control element 110, maintains the controller 14 functioning to produce an output signal corresponding to the manual signal and maintains the controller 12 functioning with a constant set point to produce an output corresponding to the secondary measurement signal. In the preferred embodiment, the primary measurement signal is provided by a temperature sensing element 44 on a heat exchanger 46 and the secondary measurement signal by a device 104 responsive to fuel flow into the exchanger, the element 110 being a valve to control the flow. The signal from the element 44 is applied to a bellows 62 and opposed by a set point signal manually adjusted at 24 and applied to a bellows 70, the output being taken from a nozzle 76 and applied to a chamber 224 in the controller 14 as well as to a feedback bellows 82 and a reset bellows 98. The secondary measurement signal is applied to a chamber 222 of the controller 14 in opposition to the set point signal from the nozzle of controller 12, the output from the controller 14 being fed through a relay 108 to the valve 110 and through conduits 109 and 252 to apply negative feedback to a chamber 220. This feedback pressure is opposed by pressure in a chamber 218 which is dependent on the ratio of fixed and variable restrictors 270 and 280 and may be varied to adjust the proportional band of the controller 14, the variation being within limits corresponding to the output pressure of the controller and the pressure in a chamber 226 which is equal to the reset pressure applied to a chamber 228 through fixed and variable restrictors 258 and 256 and a capacitor 257A. During automatic operation, a manually-operable valve 306 "tracks" the output from relay 108 so that when the valve 302 is set to manual operation "bumpless" transfer occurs. The valve 302 also connects the output from the valve 306 to the valve 110 and causes fluid operation of switches 86, 94, 342 and 344 and of a spool valve 250. The reset bellows of controller 12 is now connected to a chamber 346 of a force balance unit 348 in which the output of controller 12 is compared with the secondary measurement signal by chambers 352, 354 and the variable restrictor 256 is by-passed by switch 344 so that the pressure in chambers 218, 226 and 228 follows the manually controlled pressure. Since the output from controller 12 and the secondary measurement signal are kept equal by the force balance 348 and the feedback from the nozzle 240 adjusts the pressure in chamber 220 to equal that in chamber 218, the controller 14 is maintained in equilibrium with its output equal to the manually-controlled pressure so that transfer will again be "bumpless" when the valve 302 is returned to automatic setting. The controller 14 and the force balance 348 are constructed as described in Specification 1266211. Pointers 18, 20 and 22 indicate the set point for the controller 12, the temperature sensed by the element 44 and the rate of fuel flow, respectively. A thumb wheel with a serrated edge (310), Fig. 1 (not shown) is brought into engagement with the valve 306 when the valve 302 is set to "manual".