Patent GB-407956-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in organic lubricants especially with regard to the lowering of the setting point of lubricating oils
IPC: C10M159/14
Filed: 1932-08-17
Abstract: Lubricants are improved, especially as to pour point, by addition of 0.1--40.0 per cent of a substance obtained by condensing an acid chloride of m.w. above 200 and derived from an aliphatic hydrocarbon. Wax may also be added to improve the viscosity index.  The chloride may be condensed alone or with other substances, e.g. liquid olefines, tars, benzol, toluol, xylene, naphthalene, ethyl-naphthalene, phenols, naphthols, aniline, naphthylamine, nitrated-aromatics, cyclic terpenes, coal tar fractions, e.g. crude benzene, middle oil, anthracene oil, aromatics obtained by destructive hydrogenation or by dehydrogenation, and cracking gases containing ethylene, propylene, and butylene.  Acid chlorides specified are those of stearic, palmitic, oleic, erucic, elaidic, linoleic, behenolic, stearolic, and montanic acids and of the acids obtained by oxidizing paraffin wax by air.  The chlorides may be first halogenated and then condensed, or this halogen may be removed to render the chlorides unsaturated prior to condensation.  The condensation is preferably carried out at 30--120 DEG  C. in presence of condensing agents such as chloride of aluminium, zinc, or iron, boron fluoride, phosphorus oxychloride, active aluminium, sodium, zinc dust, active silica, and bleaching earths.  Substances splitting off water, e.g. phosphorus pentoxide, sulphuric acid, may be used when acid chlorides of hydroxy-carboxylic acids are treated.  When strong condensing agents are used retarding agents, e.g. zinc oxide, soda, calcium carbonate, or ammonia may be present.  The chloride may be treated, dissolved, e.g. in kerosene or heavy naphtha, and the condensed product may be treated with active silica or bleaching earths, and may be purified by water, alkali, or diluted sulphuric acid.  The product may be distilled with steam or in vacuo to remove lighter inactive fractions. Products of m.w. 600--2000 are specified. In one example, 100 lb. of stearic acid chloride obtained by acting on stearic acid with thionyl chloride at 80 DEG  C. is dissolved in 100 lb. of kerosene, 20 lb. of naphthalene and 7 lb. of aluminium chloride are added, and the whole is kept at 30 DEG  C. for 24 hours, then at 90 DEG  C. for 1--2 hours.  The product is centrifuged and distilled in vacuo.  0.5 lb. of the waxy residue is added to 100 lb. of machine oil and reduces the pour points 25 DEG  C., and 5 lb. is added to 95 lb. of gear oil.ALSO:Lubricants are improved, especially as to pour-point, by addition of 0.1--40.0 per cent of a substance obtained by condensing an acid chloride of m.w. above 200 and derived from an aliphatic hydrocarbon.  Wax may also be added to improve the viscosity index.  The chloride may be condensed alone or with other substances, e.g. liquid olefines, tars, benzol, toluol, xylene, naphthalene, ethyl-naphthalene, phenols, naphthols, aniline, naphthylamine, nitrated aromatics, cyclic terpenes, coal-tar fractions, e.g. crude benzene, middle oil, anthracene oil, aromatics obtained by destructive hydrogenation or by dehydrogenation, and cracking gases containing ethylene, propylene, and butylene.  Acid chlorides specified are those of stearic, palmitic, oleic, erucic, elaidic, linoleic, behenolic, stearolic, and montanic acids and of the acids obtained by oxidizing paraffin wax by air.  The chlorides may be first halogenated and then condensed, or this halogen may be removed to render the chlorides unsaturated prior to condensation. The condensation is preferably carried out at 30--120 DEG  C. in presence of condensing agents such as chloride of aluminium, zinc, or iron, boron fluoride, phosphorus oxychloride, active aluminium, sodium, zinc dust, active silica, and bleaching earths.  Substances splitting off water, e.g. phosphorus pentoxide, sulphuric acid, may be used when acid chlorides of hydroxy-carboxylic acids are treated. When strong condensing agents are used retarding agents, e.g. zinc oxide, soda, calcium carbonate, or ammonia may be present.  The chloride may be treated dissolved, e.g. in kerosene or heavy naphtha, and the condensed product may be treated with active silica or bleaching earths, and may be purified by water, alkali, or diluted sulphuric acid.  The product may be distilled with steam or in vacuo to remove lighter inactive fractions. Products of m.w. 600-2000 are specified.  In one example, 100 lb. of stearic acid chloride obtained by acting on stearic acid with thionyl chloride at 80 DEG  C. is dissolved in 100 lb. of kerosene, 20 lb. of naphthalene and 7 lb. of aluminium chloride are added, and the whole is kept at 30 DEG  C. for 24 hours, then at 90 DEG  C. for 1--2 hours.  The product is centrifuged and distilled in vacuo.  0.5 lb. of the waxy residue is added to 100 lb. of machine oil and reduces the pour-point 25 DEG C., and 5 lb. is added to 95 lb. of gear oil.