Patent GB-982092-A (GB)
Title: Subscription-television system
IPC: H04N7/16
Filed: 1961-03-14
Abstract: 982,092. Secret and subscription television systems; multiplex radio signalling. BRITISH TELEMETER HOME VIEWING Ltd. March 14, 1961 [Oct. 4, 1960], No. 9256/61. Headings H4F and H4L. In a subscription television system, the video signal is transmitted with grey-level signals instead of both vertical and horizontal blanking and synchronizing signals and synchronizing-insertion control signals are transmitted over a separate channel to permit a subscriber to the system to re-insert the synchronizing signals in the video signal so that it may correctly operate a conventional receiver. Fig. 2 illustrates the application of the invention to a positive modulation system. The suppressing function at the transmitter is the conventional blanking signal and operates to produce a grey level (i.e. 50% carrier amplitude) throughout the whole of both the vertical and horizontal blanking intervals. The augmenting function or synchronizing-insertion signal for the receiver is the conventional vertical and horizontal synchronizing pulse waveform. The synchronizing signal reinsertion is carried out in a receiver attachment which is connected between the aerial and normal receiver input terminals, and is effected by pulsing the gain of an amplifier through which the video signal passes whilst still modulated on a carrier. Fig. 11 illustrates the application of the invention to a negative modulation system. The operation is generally similar except that at the receiver the synchronizing-insertion control signal is employed to control a modulator, chopper or gate which functions to suppress the received signal to zero (whilst still modulated on a carrier) so as to re-introduce conventional synchronizing signals. Fig. 1 shows an arrangement for transmitting the synchronizing-insertion control signals in a system based in United States television standards. The video signal 10, which may include a colour subcarrier, is transmitted normally on a vision carrier C, but the programme audio carrier Ca 1 , which is frequency modulated, is positioned in the vestigial sideband. The normal audio carrier position is then occupied by a further carrier Ca 2  which is frequency modulated by a " barker " signal, i.e. a signal giving information about the subscription video programme, and is amplitude modulated (50%) by the composite synchronizing signal. Additionally, the carrier is amplitude modulated (10%) by a sub-carrier conveying a control signal for establishing a price demand at the receiver and identifying the associated subscription programme. The final form of carrier Ca 2  is as shown in Fig. 6. The control signal, which repeats at six second intervals throughout the programme, is as shown in Fig. 5, and comprises in each cycle, a start pulse 50, a predetermined number of price control pulses 54, and a group of programme identification pulses 58-62 consisting of full amplitude pulses 60 and half amplitude pulses plus a superposed sine wave 62. The control signal modulates a sub-carrier having one frequency during pulses and another frequency between pulses. The two frequencies are chosen to be low odd harmonics of half-line scanning frequency. In the attachment with a subscriber's receiver, the general procedure is to reduce the received signal to an intermediate frequency and then to reconvert it to the frequency of a vacant one of the normal television channels. Until the subscriber decides to subscribe to the programme the attachment merely supplies the video carrier signal without synchronizing and the " barker " sound carrier Ca 2 . The normal sound carrier Ca 1  is suppressed by traps, but is also separated out and transposed to its correct position, i.e. position Ca 2 , so as to be available for addition in the signal fed to the receiver. Additionally, the " barker " carrier is amplitude demodulated to obtain the control signal, which establishes and causes the display of a price demand, and the synchronizing-insertion signal which is made available to control an amplifier to re-insert the synchronizing signal. As soon as the price demand is met, either by an actual coin deposit or an indication of willingness to pay, the transposed programme carrier is added to the signal fed to the receiver and the synchronizing-insertion signal is allowed to reinsert the synchronizing signals. At trap circuit is also brought into the circuit to attenuate the " barker carrier before the transposed programme audio carrier is added. The receiver thus receives both " barker " and programme audio carriers at frequency Ca 2  but due to the " F.M. capture " effects responds to the stronger signal. Satisfaction of the price demand also causes a recording to be made of the programme identification signal. Block diagrams of a transmitter and receiver attachment for the arrangement described above are disclosed, Figs. 7 and 8 (not shown). A detailed circuit for the receiver attachment is also disclosed, Fig. 9 (not shown). The individual circuits are conventional. According to a modification, Fig. 10 (not shown), the " barker " carrier is dispensed with and the synchronizing insertion and control signals are conveyed by amplitude modulation of the sound programme carrier. The carrier is located at position Ca 1 , Fig. 1, for transmission and transposed to position Ca 2  in the receiver attachment. The application of the invention to a signal according to British television standards is described with reference to Fig. 11 and Figs. 12 and 13 (not shown). The arrangement is generally similar to that described above for a signal according to the United States standards except that the " barker " carrier is amplitude modulated with the " barker " sound and frequency modulated with the synchronizing-insertion and control signals. Since with amplitude modulation detector no " capture " effect operates to select a stronger signal, extra precautions by way of additional trap circuits are taken in the receiver attachment in order adequately to attenuate the " barker " carrier when the transposed audio programme carrier is added to the signal. Specifications 914,328 and 917,591 are referred to.