Patent GB-368425-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture and production of wax-like substances
IPC: C11C3/04
Filed: 1930-12-17
Abstract: Wax-like substances are prepared by displacing the alcoholic groups of waxes of natural origin, containing esters from carboxylic acids of high molecular weight and alcohols of high molecular weight, by alcohols different from those present in the said esters by heating the waxes with the said alcohols.  The alcohols may be aliphatic open chain or cyclic mono- or polyhydric alcohols or aliphatic-aromatic alcohols such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso-butyl, amyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl or benzyl alcohols, glycols such as ethylene, 1 : 2- or 1 : 3-propylene, 1 : 2-, 1 : 3- or 1 : 4-butylene glycols, glycerol, hydroxyl bearing ethers of polyhydric alcohols such as alkyl ethers of glycols or glycerol such as mono-methyl, -ethyl, or -propyl ethers of ethylene glycols or of the aforesaid other glycols or di-alkylethers of glycerol. The reaction may take place in a closed vessel and the usual acid esterification catalysts such as concentrated sulphuric or hydrochloric acids or acid salts such as sodium bisulphate may be used.  The products, which can be homogenized with turpentine or mineral oils, may be bleached by physical or chemical means as for example by means of chromic acid or active charcoal and may be mixed with other wax-like or oily substances, such as fats, oils, resins, hydrocarbon waxes and paraffin oil before, during or after the bleaching.  The products are useful in the textile and leather industries and for the manufacture of boot, furniture or floor polishes, carbon papers, polishing stains or leather grease or polish.  In examples (1) crude montan wax is heated in a lead lined autoclave with ethyl alcohol and concentrated sulphuric acid.  The product is neutralized with alkali, excess ethyl alcohol evaporated and the liquid waxy mass decanted off giving a product suitable as a polishing wax in the preparation of polishing agents.  (2) Carnauba wax is heated with 1 : 2-propylene glycol and concentrated sulphuric acid and the mass is neutralized with alkali and the remainder of the propylene glycol distilled off.  The liquid wax is decanted off and may be mixed with montan wax, paraffin wax, soluble nigrosine base and turpentine oil to give a black shoe cream. (3) Deresinified crude montan wax is heated in an autoclave with methyl alcohol and sulphuric acid and the product is worked up as in example (1).  (4) Crude montan wax is heated with commercial 1 : 3-butylene glycol and sulphuric acid, neutralized with alcoholic potassium hydroxide and the remainders of butylene glycol are then removed by vacuum distillation.  (5) Deresinified crude montan wax, ethylene glycol and concentrated sulphuric acid are heated together and cooled, the mass being neutralized with aqueous caustic potash solution and the excess of ethylene glycol distilled off in vacuo and the wax-like product filtered off.  Specifications 303,890, [Class 91, Oils &c.], and 367,339 are referred to.ALSO:Wax-like substances are prepared by displacing the alcoholic groups of waxes of natural origin, containing esters from carboxylic acids of high molecular weight and alcohols of high molecular weight, by alcohols different from those present in the said esters by heating the waxes with the said alcohols.  The alcohols may be aliphatic open chain or cyclic mono-or polyhydric alcohols or aliphatic-aromatic alcohols such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso-butyl, amyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl or benzyl alcohols, glycols such as ethylene, 1 : 2- or 1 : 3-propylene, 1 : 2-, 1 : 3- or 1 : 4-butylene glycols, glycerol, hydroxyl bearing ethers of polyhydric alcohols such as alkyl ethers of glycols or glycerol such as mono-methyl, -ethyl, or -propyl ethers of ethylene glycols or of the aforesaid other glycols or di-alkylethers of glycerol. The reaction may take place in a closed vessel and the usual acid esterification catalysts such as concentrated sulphuric or hydrochloric acids or acid salts such as sodium bisulphate may be used.  The products, which can be homogenized with turpentine or mineral oils, may be bleached by physical or chemical means as for example by means of chromic acid or active charcoal and may be mixed with other wax-like or oily substances, such as fats, oils, resins, hydrocarbon waxes and paraffin oil before, during or after the bleaching.  The products are useful in the textile and leather industries and for the manufacture of boot, furniture or floor polishes, carbon papers, polishing stains or leather grease or polish.  In examples, (1) crude montan wax is heated in a lead-lined autoclave with ethyl alcohol and concentrated sulphuric acid.  The product is neutralized with alkali, excess ethyl alcohol evaporated and the liquid waxy mass decanted off giving a product suitable as a polishing wax in the preparation of polishing agents.  (2) Carnauba wax is heated with 1 : 2-propylene glycol and concentrated sulphuric acid and the mass is neutralized with alkali and the remainder of the propylene glycol distilled off.  The liquid wax is decanted off and may be mixed with montan wax, paraffin wax, soluble nigrosine base, and turpentine oil to give a black shoe cream.  (3) Deresinified crude montan wax is heated in an autoclave with methyl alcohol and sulphuric acid and the product is worked up as in example (1). (4) Crude montan wax is heated with commercial 1 : 3-butylene glycol and sulphuric acid, neutralized with alcoholic potassium hydroxide and the remainders of butylene glycol are then removed by vacuum distillation.  (5) Deresinified crude montan wax, ethylene glycol and concentrated sulphuric acid are heated together and cooled, the mass being neutralized with aqueous caustic potash solution and the excess of ethylene glycol distilled off in vacuo and the wax-like product filtered off. Specifications 303,890, [Class 2 (iii), Dyes &c.], and 367,339, [Group III], are referred to.