Patent GB-492742-A (GB)
Title: Self-emulsifying compositions and aqueous emulsions thereof
IPC: C09K23/00
Filed: 1937-01-21
Abstract: Self-emulsifying compositions comprise alkyl cyclohexylamine derivatives of an alcohol sulphate ester, preferably of an alcohol having 10-20 carbon atoms, together with one or more alcohols, aliphatic acids or esters as solubilizing agents, and one or more aliphatic hydrocarbon oils, or waxes or halogen derivatives thereof. Oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions may be formed. The alcohols added are preferably aliphatic and contain 8-20 carbon atoms and may contain more than one hydroxy group and/or double bonds.  Suitable examples are butanol, pentanol, hexanol, octanol, decanol, dodecanol, tetradecanol, hexandecanol, octadecanol, octadenenol, oleyl alcohol, ricinoleyl and linoleyl alcohols, as the normal and branched chain isomers and as the primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols. Cyclohexanol, methylcyclohexanol, terpineol and substituted alcohols, e.g. ethylene glycol mono-butyl ether may also be added.  Suitable acids are caproic, caprylic, pelargylic, capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids.  The esters which may be in the form of commercial fats and oils are preferably those from mono- and polyhydric alcohols containing ,3 or more carbon atoms and aliphatic carboxylic acids containing two or more carbon atoms in which all the carboxy groups are esterified, e.g. hexyl acetate, octyl acetate, oleyl acetate, di(methyl cyclohexanyl) adipate and cyclohexanyl acetate.  The alcohols are preferred to the acids, since they are not precipitated by heavy metal ions, and they are more resistant to oxidation.  They are also preferred to the esters.  The hydrocarbons which are emulsified are non-aromatic and are liquid or solid at ordinary temperatures, e.g. solvent naphthas, white spirits, light and heavy mineral oils, petrolatums and paraffin waxes, together with halogen derivatives thereof.  The alkyl-cyclohexylamine salts of the alcohol sulphate esters used as emulsifying agents include those of the mono- and di-methyl and ethyl cyclohexylamines, di-n-propyl, di-isopropyl, di-n-butyl and di-iso-butyl cyclohexylamines.  The di-alkyl derivatives are preferred and the substituent groups may be dissimilar.  The alkyl cyclohexylamine derivatives of dodecyl sulphate, myristyl sulphate, cetyl sulphate, oleyl sulphate and stearyl sulphate are referred to.  According to examples: (1) a textile coning oil was obtained by warming together 1 pt. diethylcyclohexylamine derivative of dodecyl sulphate and 2 pts. oleyl alcohol.  14 pts. of this mixture were added to 86 pts. mineral oil.  In place of the above compounds, dimethylcyclohexylamine derivatives of dodecyl sulphate and n-hetanol, terpineol, octyl acetate, cyclohexanyl acetate, oleic acid or stearic acid may be used; (2) a self-emulsifying wax is obtained by mixing 1 pt. diethylcyclohexylamine derivative of dodecyl sulphate and 2 pts. stearyl alcohol.  23 pts. of phis composition is mixed with 77 pts. of paraffin wax.  The product may be used for treating textiles, either alone or with starches.  For the preparation of thread sizing compounds, or floor waxes, carnauba wax or beeswax may be substituted in part for the paraffin wax; (3) a self-emulsifying wax was prepared by mixing 5 pts. of diethylcyclohexylamine derivative of stearyl sulphate, 2,5 pts. stearyl alcohol and 92,5 pts. paraffin wax; (4) a readily-emulsifiable cotton spinning oil consisted of 99 pts. light petroleum oil with 1 pt. of a mixture of 5 pts. diethylcyclohexylamine derivative of dodecyl sulphate and 6 pts. oleyl acetate; (5) a textile softening agent comprised 2 pts. diethylcyclohexylamine derivative of myristyl sulphate, 1 pt. stearyl alcohol and 3 pts. white mineral oil.  On dilution, it forms emulsions which are stable to boiling; (6) a textile lubricant comprised 35 pts. diethylcyclohexylamine derivative of myristyl sulphate, 10 pts. cetyl alcohol and 55 pts. white mineral oil. Dilution with water gives emulsions which are stable to boiling and also to calcium chloride; (7) a textile finishing oil consists of 70 pts. diethylcyclohexylamine derivative of dodecyl sulphate, 24 pts. white mineral oil and 6 pts. stearyl alcohol.  A 5 per cent emulsion is formed in the presence of 10 per cent of Epsom salt which is stable to boiling; this emulsion is also suitable for weighting textiles; (8) water may be incorporated into dry-cleaning solvents such as naphtha or tri-chlorethylene. 12 pts. of water may be incorporated with 950 pts. naphtha, 24 pts. dimethylcyclohexylamine derivative of dodecyl sulphate and 17 pts. oleyl alcohol to form a water-in-oil emulsion.  The products may be used also as liquid fuels containing dispersed water, lubricants for wire and tube drawing, textile softening and finishing agents, water paints, coating mixtures for carbon paper, and in the production of pharmaceutical products, cosmetics or cold creams.  Buffing compositions may also be obtained by incorporating abrasive material into a suitable self-emulsifying composition of the kind described.ALSO:Self-emulsifying compositions comprise alkyl cyclohexylamine derivatives of an alcohol sulphate ester, preferably of an alcohol having 10-20 carbon atoms, together with one or more alcohols, aliphatic acids or esters as solubilizing agents, and one or more aliphatic hydrocarbon oils, or waxes or halogen derivatives thereof.  Oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions may be formed. The alcohols are preferred to the acids since they are not precipitated by heavy metal ions, and they are more resistant to oxidation.  They are also preferred to the esters.  According to examples: (5) a textile softening agent comprised diethylcyclohexylamine derivative of myristyl sulphate, stearyl alcohol and white mineral oil; (7) a textile finishing oil consists of diethylcyclohexylamine derivative of dodecyl p  sulphate, white mineral oil and stearyl alcohol.  An emulsion is formed in the presence of 10 per cent of Epsom salt. This emulsion is also suitable for weighting textiles.