Patent GB-649934-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the polymerisation of compounds containing the ethylenic double bond
IPC: C08F4/04
Filed: 1948-03-22
Abstract: The process of the parent Specification is modified by effecting the polymerization in the presence of an azo compound having a saturated aliphatic chain of at least four carbon atoms attached to each nitrogen atom of the azo group, the carbon atom alpha to each of the nitrogen atoms bearing a negative group, e.g. cyano, carbalkoxy, carbonamide, and the carbon atom gamma to each of the nitrogen atoms bearing one hydrogen atom only.  Specified azo compounds are alpha, alpha1-azo bis (alpha, gamma dimethylvaleronitrile); alpha, alpha1-azobis (alpha, gammadimethylcapronitrile) and alpha, alpha1-azobis (alpha - isobutyl - gamma - methylvaleronitrile). Specified unsaturated compounds are acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, styrene, ethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, vinyl and vinylidene halides, vinyl acetate, diacrylic esters of glycols and polyethylene glycols, tetraethylene - glycol dimethacrylate, diallyl diglycolate, diallyl carbonate, diallyl phthalate, ethylene bis-(allyl maleate).  Styrene may also be copolymerized with minor amounts of maleic anhydride.  The polymerization may be effected in bulk or in the presence of a solvent, e.g. cyclohexane.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 comprises also as unsaturated compounds butadiene and chloroprene.  This subject-matter does not occur in the Specification as accepted.ALSO:Azo compounds of the formula R.R1CH.CH2 C.(CN).R2.N=N.C.(CN).R2.CH2.R1.R, wherein R, R1 and R2 are alkyl radicals, preferably of one to four carbon atoms, are made by the general process of reacting hydrazine with a ketone of the general formula R.R1.CH.CH2. CO.R2, where R, R1, and R2, are lower aliphatic radicals, separating the azine, reacting it with hydrogen cyanide to form the hydrazo compound, and then oxidizing the latter, preferably with bromine or chlorine, to give the desired azo compound.  If desired, the above cyano group may be replaced by carbalkoxy groups, e.g. carbethoxy or carbonamide, by treating the azo compounds with methanolic hydrogen chloride, followed by reaction with alcohol or ammonia. The cyano compounds may be used as intermediates in the preparing of the corresponding dinitriles by decomposition by heat. According to the above general method the preparation is described of (1) alpha,alpha1-azobis-(alpha,gamma - dimethyl - valeronitrile), made by reacting, in a closed vessel, hydrazine dihydrochloride with sodium cyanide, ethyl alcohol and isobutyl methyl ketone.  The separated azo compound metls at 47 DEG C., but by fraction cyrstallization two forms may be obtained melting at 78 DEG  C. and 49-51 DEG  C; (2) alpha,alpha1 - azobis - (alpha, gamma - dimethylcapronitrile, melting range 35 DEG  to 40 DEG  C., obtained by reacting 4-methyl-2-hexanone with hydrazine hydrate; (3) alpha,alpha1-azobis-(alpha - isobutyl - gamma - methylvaleronitrile), melting point 90 DEG  C., made by reacting di-isobutyl ketone with hydrazine hydrate.  The azo compounds are used as polymerization catalysts (see Group IV (a)).