Patent GB-710140-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to hydrocarbon oil compositions
IPC: C10M159/12
Filed: 1951-11-15
Abstract: A material for use as an additive to hydrocarbon oils (see Group III) is obtained by reacting a phosphorus sulphide with a hydrocarbon and neutralizing the acidic reaction product thus formed with a metallic or non-metallic base.  Alternatively the neutralization may be effected with a metallic base and the neutralized product treated with a salt of guanidine or of a substituted guanidine to form the double-decomposition product. Phosphorus sulphides mentioned are P2S3, P2S5, P4S3, P4S7 or other phosphorus sulphide or mixtures of sulphides.  The hydrocarbons may be paraffins, olefins, olefin polymers, diolefins, acetylenes, petroleum fractions, cracking or condensation products of petroleum fractions, or aromatic hydrocarbons, and examples of the various types are given.  Thus, an aliphatic hydrocarbon may be heated with a phosphorus sulphide, if desired under a non-oxidizing atmosphere, for example of nitrogen. The odour of the acidic reaction product may be improved by blowing with steam, alcohol, ammonia or an amine.  The neutralization of the acidic product is preferably effected with a nitrogen gase such as ammonia, amines or amine derivatives, guanidine or guanidine derivatives, morpholine, pyridine, quinoline, biguanide, dicyandiamide or dicyandiamidine.  The guanidine derivatives may be of the formula: <FORM:0710140/IV (b)/1> in which R1, R2 and R3 are hydrogen or hydrocarbon groups containing 1-20 carbon atoms, and many examples of these derivatives are given.  Instead of these derivatives, their salts, particularly their carbonates, may be employed.  The neutralization, which may be partial or complete, may be carried out under a non-oxidizing atmosphere and may be carried out in presence of a solvent such as naphtha or water.  In an example, a petroleum bright stock is heated with P2S5 in presence of nitrogen and a methylphenyl silicone antifoam agent.  After filtering, the acidic reaction product is heated with an aqueous solution of guanidine carbonate in presence of nitrogen.  The neutralized product is finally filtered.ALSO:Hydrocarbon oils contain, as detergent and antioxidant, 0.1-50 per cent. by weight of a mixture of (A) a product obtained (see Group IV(b)) for preparation details) by reacting a phosphorus sulphide with a hydrocarbon and neutralizing the acidic reaction product thus formed with a metallic or non-metallic base and (B) a zinc thio-carbamate of the formula <FORM:0710140/III/1> in which R and R1 are hydrogen or hydrocarbon radicles, at least one of them being an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic radicle, and the total number of carbon atoms in the R and R1 radicles attached to a single nitrogen atom being at least 6, the proportions of ingredients A and B being 1-20 parts by weight of A to 1 part by weight of B.  Instead of ingredient A, there may be employed a product obtained by reacting a phosphorus sulphide with a hydrocarbon, neutralizing the acidic product thus formed with a metallic base, and treating the neutralized product with a salt of guanidine or of a substituted guanidine to form the double-decomposition product.  Hydrocarbon oils mentioned include mineral lubricating oils, olefin polymers, and oils obtained by the reaction of oxides of carbon with hydrogen or by the hydrogenation of coal.  The mixture of additives may also be incorporated in hydrocarbon oil compositions such as motor fuels, heating oils, hydraulic fluids, torque converter fluids, cutting oils, flushing oils, turbine oils, transformer oils, industrial oils, process oils, gear lubricants and greases.  Hydrocarbon oil compositions containing ingredients A and B may also contain detergents such as metal soaps, metal petroleum sulphonates, metal phenates, metal alcoholates, metal alky phenol sulphides, metal organo phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates and thiophosphites, metal xanthates and thioxanthates and metal thiocarbamates. Other ingredients which may be present are phenols, phenol sulphides, dyes, pour point depressants, heat thickened fatty oils, sulphurized fatty oils, sludge dispersers, antioxidants, thickeners, viscosity index improvers, oiliness agents, resins, rubber, olefin polymers, plasticizers and defoamers such as the higher alcohols.  In the examples, mineral lubricating oil compositions containing (A) P2S5-treated petroleum bright stock neutralized with guanidine carbonate and (B) zinc dibutyl dithiocarbamate are described.  Tests are described in which the compositions of the examples are comprised with similar compositions from which either ingredient A or ingredient B is omitted.