Patent GB-1018581-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in aircraft jet propulsion nozzles
Inventor: MARCHANT FRANCIS CHARLES IVOR
IPC: B64C29/00
Filed: 1961-01-12
Abstract: 1,018,581. Jet-propelled aircraft. BRISTOL SIDDELEY ENGINES Ltd. Jan. 11, 1962 [Jan. 12, 1961], No. 1343/61. Heading B7G. [Also in Division F1] A jet propulsion nozzle assembly includes relatively rotatable elbow nozzle and supply duct parts each including a main and a secondary fluid flow passage, like passages of the parts being in communication throughout the range of relative rotation, the nozzle part main passage having a throat, means including a cascade of guide vanes in the nozzle part, which, when supplied with fluid through a secondary passage, changes the restricting action of the throat and means mounted on one part for controlling the flow of fluid in the secondary passage. The gas turbine engine of Fig. 1 comprises a low-pressure compressor section 1 feeding air to a high-pressure compressor 4 which is followed by combustion equipment and high- and low-pressure turbines, and to a plenum chamber 6 in which fuel may be burned. Each of two stub ducts 7 (one shown) disposed symmetrically about the engine axis E, supports an elbow nozzle 23 by a ball bearing, Fig. 2 (not shown), so that the nozzle is rotatable about axis N. A cascade of fixed guide vanes 25 extend across the bend of the nozzle and form a set of throats. Air is tapped from the highpressure compressor 4, and led through valve 35 and duct 36 to an annular manifold 38 surrounding duct 7. From there the air flows through an annular passage between the bearing and the inner end of the nozzle, to a manifold 43 surrounding the nozzle. This air flow cools the bearing. Each blade is hollow, and its interior communicates with manifold 43 through an aperture 27. The air is discharged from each blade through a slit 31 in an upstream direction, so as to restrict the free flow passage through the corresponding throat, as shown by arrows 34. Valve 35 has two positions, one permitting restricted air flow, just sufficient to cool the nozzle bearing, the flow from slits 31 then being insufficient to restrict the throats significantly. This valve position is used when fuel is burned in chamber 6. When fuel is not so burned, a smaller nozzle throat area is appropriate, and valve 35 is moved to a position permitting greater air flow. A similar nozzle arrangement is used for the turbine exhaust gases, the throats being restricted or not according as to whether an afterburner is inoperative or operative. In alternative arrangements, the two different airflows through the slits are obtained by connecting them to higher or lower pressure tapping points on the compressor 4. In another arrangement, the area of each slit is varied by a bimetallic strip, so that the throat area is automatically increased when the flow temperature increases. In Fig. 3, the'nozzle part is in two relatively movable sections 50 and 52, pivoted together at 54, and having telescoping double walls 64, 65, and 62, 63 mating as shown and having appropriate sliding seals. Where telescoping movement takes place, the two sections are of mating circular toroidal form. Downstream of the telescoping part, section 52 has a section composed of opposed pairs of large radius arcs joined by smaller radius corner arcs. The vanes 56 are mounted on pivots 57 and joined by a tie rod 58 to a pivot 60 fixed relatively to section 50. As the nozzle section 52 telescopes, the vanes are moved to the positions shown in broken lines, where the flow passage is more restricted, but the vanes discharge in the same direction. The aerodynamic forces acting on the vanes tend to move the section 52 to the telescoped position, adopted when fuel is not burned in the airflow. When highpressure air tapped from compressor 4 is led to the space between walls 64 and 65, the section 52 is moved to the position shown, used when fuel is burned in the airflow. The tapped air may be led through the interior of the vanes as in Fig. 1, for cooling but is discharged through slots in the trailing edges of the vanes.