baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-783608-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to processes of digestion of fibres of raw material for the production of pulp or cellulose
IPC: D21C1/00
Filed: 1954-04-13
Abstract: A process for producing chemical or semi-chemical pulp from fibrous raw materials having a moisture content of 10-12 per cent, such as bamboos, grasses and bagasse, comprises rapidly impregnating chips or stems of the raw material, before the major chemical or mechano-chemical treatment of digestion and delignification, by preheating the cooking liquor, which contains 20-70 grams or more per litre of alkaline or neutral reagents, such as a mixture of caustic soda and sodium sulphide, to an elevated temperature, e.g. 162-170 DEG  C., before forcing it under steam pressure into a digester containing the chips or stems.  The temperature in the digester is raised to the optimum for impregnation, and simultaneously the steam pressure is boosted to over 100 p.s.i., the temperature and pressure being maintained, with circulation of liquor, for a period sufficient for the chips or stems to become substantially impregnated and softened, whereafter the boosted pressure is relieved and the chips or stems are subjected to the chemical or mechano-chemical processes of digestion and delignification to produce hard bleaching or semi-chemical pulp.  Preferably the charge of raw material in the digester is subjected to steam or acid hydrolysis before the cooking liquor is forced into the digester and, after the impregnation is complete, the boosted steam pressure is relieved only to the optimum conditions for digestion and the chips or stems are digested with the liquor for a period sufficient to produce pulp of the desired characteristics.  This pulp may then, as before, be mechano-chemically defibred and delignified, and may be subsequently processed for washing, screening, and bleaching.
Patent GB-1040502-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for automatically controlling exposure in photographic printing machines
IPC: G03B27/73
Filed: 1964-03-13
Abstract: 1,040,502. Printers. GRETAG A. G. March 13, 1964 [March 15, 1963], No. 10807/64. Heading G2A. [Also in Divisions G1 and H3] Exposure control apparatus for a photographic printer comprises a photo-cell on to which is alternatively directed printing light and light from a reference light source, means separating the pulses due to printing light and reference light into two pulse trains and means integrating at least the picture pulses and feeding the integrated picture signal and the reference pulses to a comparator. The output from the photo-electric cell is divided by the synchronous switch 5 (see Division H3) into a picture pulse train 6 and a reference pulse train 7. The picture pulse train is passed through amplifiers 8 to 16, a non linear circuit 33 and a rectifier to a Miller integrator 17. The integrated signal is compared with the rectified reference signal in a comparator 25 which emits a signal to terminate the exposure when the two signals are equal. The apparatus is set up as follows. First, with switch 27 closed and no negative in position the meter 28 is zeroed by adjusting the gain of amplifiers 4, 8 and 9 to allow for variation in lamp brightness and sensitivity to different colours. A standard negative is then inserted and with switch 26 closed in place of 27 amplifiers 10 and 11, which form a two order decadic system, are adjusted to give zero deflection of meter 25. The gain of amplifiers 12, 13 and 14 is adjusted in accordance with the characteristics of individual negatives to be printed. The non linear element 33 produces a desired degree of "over correction" or "undercorrection".
Patent GB-808855-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electromagnetic clutch control systems for sewing and the like machines
IPC: F16D67/06
Filed: 1956-04-10
Abstract: 808,855. Gearing for stopping machinery. PFAFF A.G., G. M. April 10, 1956 [April 13, 1955], No. 10836/56. Class 80 (2). In a magnetic clutch 11 and brake 15 control system for a sewing machine, an auxiliary switch 31 controlled in response to operation of the main clutch 27, 28 switch automatically disconnects the brake winding 17 when the clutch winding 16 is energized and also disconnects the brake winding by further operation of the main switch when in the clutch-disengaged position. Current is fed to slip rings 22, 23 of the clutch 11 from a supply 24 through a starting variable resistance 27, 28 which constitutes the main control switch. Current is also fed to the brake winding 17 through the auxiliary switch 31 which comprises contacts 32, 33 bridged by a contact 36 when the control 28 is in the normal de-clutched position. Movement of the control 28 to engage the clutch allows a spring 38 to move the contact 36 to the right to open the brake circuit. Movement of the control 28 in the opposite direction opens the contacts 32, 33, 36 to disengage the brake without engaging the clutch and allow hand adjustment of the machine.
Patent GB-984221-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to tools
IPC: E04G21/12
Filed: 1961-03-24
Abstract: 984,221. Twisting wires together. L. F. WORKING. March 24, 1961, No. 10852/61. Heading B3E. A wire tying tool comprises a magazine for storing generally U-shaped ties, an ejector for ejecting the ties one at a time from the magazine and a rotary twister for engaging and twisting together the legs of an ejected tie. Cross rods 11, 13 are connected together by a U-shaped tie element 15 ejected from a magazine 16 of a wire tying tool 10 which then twists the legs of the tie together by a rotating twister element 17. In operation a trigger 21 is closed to close a switch to energize a solenoid 50 and cause an ejector blade 52 on the solenoid armature 51 to push the end tie 15, of a row 60 of ties stuck together and urged forward by a spring 63, out through a slot 55 to straddle the crossed rods 11, 13 with its legs engaging the S-shaped twister element 17. The trigger 21 also starts a motor 23 to rotate the element 17, through gearing, to twist the legs of the tie together and thus secure the rods 11 and 13. The motor 23 may be started after the tie has been ejected. In a modification, Fig. 8, an ejector 70 is moved down by pinions 74 (not shown) and 75 engaging racks 72 (not shown) and 73 on the ejector and driven by gears 85, 84 from the shaft 32<SP>1</SP> of the motor 23. When the ejector 70 reaches its lower position the pinions 74, 75 ride against the upper ends of the racks; alternatively the gear 84 may slip on its shaft. a catch 96 may hold the ejector 70 in its lowest position until the trigger is released. The pinions 74, 75 may be replaced by friction wheels bearing on the ejector 70. In another embodiment, Figs. 19, 27, a tool 100 has an air motor 101, adapted to rotate a twisting chuck 106, and V-shaped locator means 170, 171, Fig. 20 (not shown) to locate it relative to the rods to be tied. When a trigger 108 is depressed to open a valve 116 in the air supply line, a tie 107, Fig. 23, is pushed out through an aperture 128 by an ejector 126 moved forward by compressed air. The legs of the tie 107 are thrust between a ridged cylinder 140 and a plug 135 of the twisting chuck 106 which is then rotated to twist the legs together.
Patent GB-332194-A (GB)
Title: Method and apparatus for making dental castings and molds for the same
IPC: A61C13/20
Filed: 1929-04-09
Abstract: 332,194. Meyer, F. S. April 0, 1929. Moulding processes ; patterns ; flasks; moulds.- In order to compensate for contraction during solidification of dental castings of gold, such as inlays and crowns, the plaster mould is made of a harder plaster than usual and at an elevated temperature so that the wax pattern is expanded. The wax model is carried by sprue former 12<c> adjustably secured in a chuck 11 of a recess former 10<a>, having a groove 10<b> filled with wax &c. to make a water-tight joint with the mould-ring. Mould materials. - The model is first coated with plaster of Paris containing 10 to 55 per cent of silica by means of a 'brush, the former 10<a> being rasped to eliminate bubbles from this coating I. The mould-ring 13, having a rib or groove 13<a>, is then heated and placed in position and filled with previously prepared fluid plaster containing a large proportion of silica and at a temperature of 110‹ to 125‹ F. The whole is then subjected to a temperature of about 110‹ to 130‹ F. and the plaster allowed to harden. The formers 10<a>, 12<c> are then removed and the mould is clamped by a flanged ring 16, Fig. 6, to a vessel 14 filled with water which is slowly heated until it boils the steam and water forcing the wax of the pattern out and into a trough 18. The mould is then dried at 300‹ F., preceded by a short period at 700‹ to 900‹ F. if desired, and cast without cooling. Treating mould materials.-Fig. 8 shows an oven for carrying out the process having an electric heater 26 for the 'vessel 14, an electrically heated chamber A at the higher temperature, a chamber B heated indirectly, and a top plate C for lower temperatures for drying, heating flasks, keeping fluid plaster o hot &c. The sprue former may comprise nested rod and tubes, that of the required size being slid out for use.
Patent GB-255932-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in atomizers
IPC: F02M67/10
Filed: 1925-04-28
Abstract: 255,932. O'Brien, H. S. F. R. April 28, 1925. Air and gas pressure sprayers. - In an atomizer comprising two coaxial tubes a, b forming an annular passage through which liquid is supplied, the inner air tube b being provided with a constricted outlet d leading to a diverging conical cavity f, the outer member a is provided with a nozzle element j formed with a conical cavity k and an inwardly directed cone l from which a second conical cavity m leads to an axial bore n so that the liquid is first projected forwardly, then rearwardly into contact with air issuing from the inner tube and finally forwardly into the orifice n. The inner end of the tube a is provided with a slot p through which liquid is admitted.
Patent GB-1090867-A (GB)
Title: Improved contrivance for transferring free-flowing bulk or granular material
IPC: B28C7/16
Filed: 1966-03-14
Abstract: 1,090,867. Feeding concrete. H. STEINER and W. STEINER. March 14, 1966 [March 26, 1965], No. 11009/66. Heading B8S. A device for feeding concrete delivered by a lorry to a building site comprises three elements: hopper 4 which pivots at 3 and the discharge of which is controlled by gate 12 pivoted at 11; curved portion 6 pivoted at 3 and separating hoppers 4 and 5; and hopper 5, the arms 25 of which are pivoted at 3 and operated by cylinders 36, 37. Concrete is to be transferred from hopper 5 to hopper 4. Operation in two stages. Stage one.: Cylinders 36, 37 are operated. Hopper 5 engages partition 6 by lever-and-pin 29, 21; and engages hopper 4 by means of link 42, so that all three elements pivot anticlockwise as a unit to the upper position. At this position hopper 4 is secured by link 43 (Fig. 3, not shown) and partition 6 and hopper 5 are lowered to the ground position. Stage two. A lorry delivers concrete into hopper 5. Cylinders 36, 37 are operated to raise partition 6 and hopper 5 containing the concrete to the upper position above hopper. Operation of partition 6 by handle 23 upon release of lever and pin 29, 21 permits the discharge of concrete into hopper 4 (Fig. 4, not shown), and release of cylinders 36, 37 permits the descent of partition 6 and hopper 5 for the feeding of a further load of concrete.
Patent GB-560294-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to conveyors
IPC: B65G23/44
Filed: 1942-08-07
Abstract: 560,294. Ensilage cutters. FAIRMILE ENGINEERING CO., Ltd., and CULL, W. Aug. 7, 1942, No. 11036. [Class 5 (i)] [Also in Group XXX] Feed mechanism for an ensilage cutter comprises upper and lower conveyers between which the ensilage passes to the cutter, the upper conveyer 1 being mounted upon a pair of positively driven rollers 2,. 3 which, in order to cope with irregularities in quantity or quality of the material being fed, are freely movable respectively relatively to the lower conveyer in vertical and horizontal guides 4, 7 and which are connected by a link 6 to ensure that as the roller 2 moves vertically the roller 3 moves horizontally. For tensioning purposes the link 6 may be positively adjustable lengthwise or may embody a spring and plunger 8, 9.
Patent GB-958915-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in carburettors for internal combustion engines
Inventor: MENNESSON ANDRE LOUIS
IPC: F02D9/00
Filed: 1962-03-22
Abstract: 958,915. Spray carburetters. SOC. INDUSTRIELLE DE BREVETS ET D'ETUDES. March 22, 1962 [July 19, 1961], No. 11077/62. Heading FIB. In a carburetter having the fuel flow to a nozzle 5, situated between a main throttle valve 2 and an auxiliary throttle valve 3 opened automatically by the air flow, controlled by a metering valve 4 actuated by the auxiliary throttle 3, an air bleed passage 20 supplying aerating air to the fuel passage is controlled by means 16 operated by the throttle 3. In Fig. 1 the means 16 forms part of the linkage connecting the valve 4 to the throttle 3 and is arranged to open the passage 20 when the throttle 3 is near closing. The passage 20 is also controlled by a valve 21, operated by a lever 24 on the main throttle spindle 6, which opens the passage 20 when throttle valve 7 is nearly wide open. In a modification the means 16 is arranged to close passage 20 when throttle 3 is near wide opening and closed positions and to open it in intermediate opening positions thereof. The valve 3 may be a piston valve or a spring- loaded valve. Specification 958,914 is referred to.
Patent GB-1012022-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to end fittings for flexible metal pipe units and flexible metal pipe units incorporating such fittings
Inventor: WOODWARD JAMES HENRY
IPC: F16L33/26
Filed: 1961-03-27
Abstract: 1,012,022. Welding by fusion. H. K. PORTER CO. (GREAT BRITAIN) Ltd. March 27, 1962 [March 27, 1961], No. 11136/61. Heading B3R. [Also in Division F2] In an end fitting for a reinforced, flexible corrugated metal tube, a sleeve 1 is secured to the end of the tube by welding or brazing at 3. A retaining member 5 comprising a band or collar, split or otherwise is secured to a tube reinforcement 4, a tubular connector 6 and the sleeve 1 by welding as at 7 and 8. In a further embodiment the tubular connector only is welded to the sleeve, the retaining member being in two parts and being held by complementary screw-threads and shoulders on these parts (Fig. 5, not shown). of the tube and reinforcement are of stainless steel and argon shielded arc welding is employed.
Patent GB-768517-A (GB)
Title: Cooling system for induction apparatus
IPC: H01F27/12
Filed: 1955-04-18
Abstract: 768,517. Transformers and inductors. GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. April 18, 1955 [April 19, 1954], No. 11140/55. Class 38 (2). Associated with motors which drive fans for cooling transformers or inductors and which are energized from a current transformer whose primary winding is one of the leads to the apparatus, are one or more saturable reactors to limit the motor voltage and thereby the fan speed. One saturable reactor may be connected across the supply from current transformer 21 to several fan motors 18 energized in parallel, or a separate reactor may be connected across the terminals of each motor, Fig. 3 (not shown). The fans may blow air over pipes external to a transformer casing through which the dielectric liquid is circulated by a pump or by convection, Fig. 1 (not shown). A reactor comprising windings cast in concrete columns may be cooled by air blown through by a centrifugal blower, Fig. 4 (not shown).
Patent GB-258198-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in valves
IPC: F16K31/122
Filed: 1926-04-29
Abstract: 258,198. Synthetic Ammonia & Nitrates, Ltd., and Burstall, A. F. April 29, 1926. Pistons; packing.-A valve-actuating piston 3 operated by oil pressure is provided with packing rings 9, 10 arranged back to back, the space between them being connected through radial and axial passages to a zone of low pressure. The axial leakage discharge passage communicates with atmosphere through a small bore tube 6 screwed to the piston and adapted to slide through a stuffing box 7.
Patent GB-182244-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in telephone repeaters
IPC: H04B1/58
Filed: 1921-04-19
Abstract: 182,244. Western Electric Co., Ltd., (Western Electric Co., Inc.). April 19, 1921. Phantom-circuit systems; thermionic repeaters; simultaneous telegraphy and telephony.-A phantom circuit is provided with a repeating-element 40, one side of which is associated in shunt relationship with the line conductors 1, 2, 3, 4 whilst the other side is coupled with coils in series in the conductors, the arrangement being such that both pairs of lines are metallically continuous to allow the passage of direct current for telegraphic or other signalling purposes. One - side of the repeating element 40 is connected through a transformer 21 to the mid-points of inductance coils 15 bridged across the conductors. The other side of the element 40 is connected to coils 33, 34 of a transformer 20, the other winding of which comprises coils 25, 26 - - 32 symmetrically arranged in series in the lines. When the circuits are properly balanced, the transformers 20, 21 are conjugate and there is no reaction between the input and output circuits. The inductance coils 15 may form the primary windings of input transformers for line repeaters 40<1> coupled in the usual balanced fashion. Condensers 16, 17 prevent the short-circuiting of direct currents, and also in combination with retardation coils 48 form filter circuits to prevent low-frequency ringing current and telegraphic pulsations from passing to the repeaters.
Patent GB-792738-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to pipes for the pneumatic conveyance of solid materials
IPC: B65G53/52
Filed: 1956-04-13
Abstract: 792,738. Pipes. GEWERKSCHAFT REUSS. April 13, 1956 [April 19, 1955], No. 11337/56. Drawings to Specification. Class 99(2). A section of a pipe for the pneumatic conveyance of solid materials, e.g., a waste stowing pipe for use in mining works, the section being from two to four metres in length and having means at each end for connecting it to further sections of the pipe, is characterized in that the internal diameter increases from the inlet end to the middle by about ten millimetres and decreases from the middle to the outlet end. The section may be made of longitudinallywelded sheet metal and may be in two parts connected by a circular weld or may comprise two parts each of conical shape. A barrelshaped pipe section may have a lining of uniform thickness applied by centrifuging, or may be cylindrical or slightly conical and the lining shaped. The lining may be alloyed or unalloyed chilled cast iron or may consist of ceramic material or melted basalt.
Patent GB-503121-A (GB)
Title: Process for purifying beet sugar juice
IPC: C13B20/02
Filed: 1938-04-14
Abstract: 503,121. Clarifying sugar solutions. ZIMMERMAN, B. April 14, 1938, No. 11529. [Class 127] Beet sugar juice is treated with excess lime and a part or whole of the precipitated and suspended matter is removed before saturating with carbon dioxide and used again for clarifying fresh sugar juice. If desired the loss of lime alkalinity in the second clarification is compensated for by the addition of fresh lime.
Patent GB-115296-A (GB)
IPC: A41F11/12
Abstract: 115,296. Russ, F. A. May 17, 1917. Clips, lever.-A sheet-metal buckle, having a clipping-lever B pivoted in ears 3 on a backplate A, is provided with a depression 6 at the top of the back-plate to form a shoulder past which the lever snaps, and the web C is secured to the back-plate by the folded lower end 8 thereof. Specification 28038/07 is referred to.
Patent GB-216121-A (GB)
Title: Improved means for fixing tiles, slates and the like
IPC: E04D1/34
Filed: 1924-05-09
Abstract: 216,121. Cauchemont, A. May 15, 1923, [Convention date]. Void [Published under Sect. 91 of the Act]. Roofing.-For securing slates, tiles, and the like to roofs, hookshaped wire clips a are employed each of which is provided at its lower end with a metal plate b. The clip is secured to the plate b by means such as soldering, clamping, or riveting; or, as shown in Fig. 3, it may be threaded through an opening c in the plate. The upper end of the clip may be hook-shaped to engage the batten. Flanges may be provided on the lower sides of the plate b adapted to support tiles of square shape laid in lozenge formation.
Patent GB-350131-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in recording electricity meters
IPC: G01R13/04
Filed: 1930-04-11
Abstract: 350,131. Supply meters. ASSOCIATED ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES, Ltd., Bush House, Aldwych, London.-(Assignees of Smith, B. H. ; 56, Mountain Avenue, Maplewood, New Jersey, U.S.A.) April 11, 1930, No. 11561. Convention date, April 11, 1929. [Class 37.] An alternating-current meter for recording the maximum value of volt-amperes averaged over a predetermined time interval has a shaft 8<1> carrying a disc driven by a current magnet 10<1> and a pressure magnet 12<1> fed from the secondary winding 17<1> of a phase-shifting transformer 3<1>, which is continuously driven by a synchronous motor 40 so that the phase difference between the voltage fed to the pressure magnet 12<1> and the current in the line C<1> steadily progresses through the complete cycle and starts again. Backward rotation of the shaft 8<1> due to the negative torque produced during onehalf of this cycle is prevented by means of a ratchet wheel 41, the meter, consequently registering ampere hours. The meter shaft 8<1> drives a stylus 5<1> which records on a chart 4<1>. The drums 31, 32<1> on which the chart 4<1> is wound are driven from the shaft 251 of the motor 40, which shaft also carries a cam 241 which periodically disconnects the worm wheel 21<1> from the worm 20<1> and allows the stylus 51 to return to zero under the action of a weight 23<1>. In a modification the meter has two driving-discs mounted on a sleeve which drives the shaft in one direction through a ratchet. The driving magnets are connected as in the two wattmeter method of power measurement, the pressure windings being fed from the three-phase secondary winding of a phase-shifter, which also serves as a motor to drive the chart and the zeroizing cam. An escapement mechanism ensures a constant speed of rotation.
Patent GB-728790-A (GB)
Title: Electronic lighting system for the recording and projection of motion pictures
IPC: G03B21/20
Filed: 1953-04-27
Abstract: 728,790. Kinematograph apparatus. CELESTIN, W. E. April 27, 1953 [Feb. 28, 1953], No. 11588/53. Class 97 (1). A device for illuminating a scene to be kinematographically recorded or a film in a motion picture projector by means of flashes of light of short duration is characterized in that it comprises at least two rotary members arranged coaxially and carrying each a set of electric discharge lamps, each lamp in a set being arranged to be lit in succession, the lamp sets on these rotary members being displaced circumferentially with respect to one another so that the lamps belonging to two adjacent rotary members are staggered circumferentially relative to each other. As shown, sets of vapour discharge lamps 6, 7, 8, 9 are mounted on carriers 2, 3, 4, 5 secured on a shaft 14 driven by an electric motor in synchronism with the film feeding means of a continuous feed kinematograph camera or projector, the carriers 3, 5 holding standby lamp units 7, 9 so as to illuminate either the scene to be taken or the projection film. Since the lamps in the identical sets 6, 7 are staggered peripherally of the carriers relatively to the sets 8, 9, pairs of flashes of light are received by each frame area of the film. A concave reflector is disposed behind each lamp which is fed by brush contacts 20 on the shaft 14.