Patent GB-463624-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture and production of washing, cleansing, dispersing, solvent and like agents
IPC: C11D1/34
Filed: 1935-08-02
Abstract: Products stated to have wetting, foaming, washing, dispersing, and solvent properties are obtained by introducing into aliphatic alcohols containing at least six carbon atoms in the molecule or into cycloaliphatic alcohols, di-or-tri-alkylene glycol radicles derived from glycols having at most four carbon atoms and subjecting the resulting oxyethers when necessary to secure solubility to the action of sulphonating or phosphating agents. Solubility may also be effected by introducing thiosulphuric ester groups.  The alkylene-glycol radicles may be introduced into the alcohols by treating them with alkylene oxides, e.g., ethylene or propylene oxides or by converting the alcohols into mineral acid esters and reacting the latter with polyglycols in the presence of sodium carbonate, sodium acetate or calcium or magnesium oxide.  The polyglycols may also be converted into p  their mineral acid esters and one or more of the ester radicles replaced by higher alcohol radicles.  Mineral acid ester groups may be replaced by sulphonic acid groups by treatment with salts of sulphurous acid, and by thiosulphuric ester groups by treatment with salts of thiosulphuric acid.  Specified higher alcohols which may be used as starting material are: wax alcohols, alcohols obtained by the catalytic hydrogenation of fats, oils or waxes or fatty, resin or naphthenic acids, such as oleyl alcohol 7 : 18-octodecandiol, montanic alcohol, di-and tetra-hydroabietinol, alcohols obtained by the oxidation of paraffins or by the reduction of ketones such as dodecyl methylketone, cycloaliphatic alcohols obtained by condensing higher alcohols with cyclohexanol or by condensing aliphatic carboxylic acid chlorides with phenols and hydrogenating the products or by condensing halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons with phenols and hydrogenating the alkylated phenols.  Alcohols substituted by halogen atoms or nitro, ether, ester or sulphuric or phosphoric ester groups and those having chains interrupted by oxygen or sulphur atoms or ester or carboxylic amide groups are mentioned.  The products may be used in the textile, leather, paper, rubber, lacquer and wax industries, alone or in association with soaps, turkey red oils, fatty alcohol sulphonates, alkylated aromatic sulphonic acids, condensation products of fatty acid chlorides with amine or oxyalkyl sulphonic acids, reaction products of ethylene oxides with organic compounds of high molecular weight which contain hydroxy, carboxylic, amino or mercapto groups, Glauber's salt, ortho-, meta- and pyro-phosphates, sodium acetate, active earths, water-glass and perborates.  In examples, the following products are sulphonated with chlorsulphonic acid in ether: (1) dodecyltriethylene glycolether; (2) a mixture of octodecyl di-and tri-ethylene glycolether: (3) octodecyltriethyleneglycolether (obtained from octodecylchloride or octodecylsulphuric ester and tri-ethyleneglycol): (4) the product obtained by treating dihydroabietinol with ethylene oxide.  Samples have been furnished under Sect (2) (5) of sulphonation products of abietinyltripropylene glycol and of g -dodecyloxy - g <1> - chlordibutyl-ether.  Specification 443,559 is referred to.ALSO:Products stated to have dispersing and solvent properties are obtained by introducing into aliphatic alcohols containing at least six carbon atoms in the molecule or into cycloaliphatic alcohols, di- or trialkylene glycol radicles derived from glycols having at most four carbon atoms and subjecting the resulting oxyethers when necessary to secure solubility to the action of sulphonating or phosphating agents.  The alkyleneglycol radicles may be introduced into the alcohols by treating them with alkylene oxides, e.g. ethylene or propylene oxides or by converting the alcohols into mineral acid esters and reacting the latter with polyglycols.  The polyglycols may also be converted into their mineral acid esters and one or more of the ester radicles replaced by higher alcohol radicles.  Mineral acid ester groups may be replaced by sulphonic acid groups by treatment with salts of sulphurous acid, and by thiosulphuric ester groups by treatment with salts of thiosulphuric acid.  Specified higher alcohols which may be used as starting material are: wax alcohols, alcohols obtained by the catalytic hydrogenation of fats, oils or waxes of fatty, resin or naphthenic acids, such as oleyl alcohol, 7 : 18-octodecandiol, montanic alcohol, di- and tetrahydroabietinol, alcohols obtained by the oxidation of paraffins or by the reduction of ketones such as dodecyl methylketone, cycloaliphatic alcohols obtained by condensing higher alcohols with cyclohexanol or by condensing aliphatic carboxylic acid chlorides with phenols and hydrogenating the products or by condensing halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons with phenols and hydrogenating the alkylated phenols.  Alcohols substituted by halogen atoms or nitroether, ester, or sulphuric or phosphoric ester groups and those having chains interrupted by oxygen or sulphur atoms or ester or carboxylic amide groups are mentioned.  The products may be used alone or in association with soaps, turkey red oils, fatty alcohol sulphonates, alkylated aromatic sulphonic acids, condensation products of fatty acid chlorides with amino or oxyalkyl sulphonic acids, reaction products of ethylene oxides with organic compounds of high molecular weight which contain hydroxy, carboxylic, amino or mercapto groups, Glauber's salt, ortho, meta- and pyrophosphates, sodium acetate, active earths, water glass and perborates.  In examples, the following products are sulphonated with chlorsulphonic acid in ether: (1) dodecyltriethylene glycolether: (2) a mixture of octodecyl di- and tri-ethylene glycolether: (3) octodecyltriethyleneglycolether: (4) the product obtained by treating dihydroabietinol with ethylene oxide.  Samples have been furnished under Sect. (2) (5) of sulphonation products of abietinyltripropylene glycol and of g -dodecyloxy-g <1>-chlordibutylether.  Specification 443,559 is referred to.