baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20020067551-A (KR)
IPC: A61J1/03
Filed: 2000-12-11
Abstract: 피검자에게 치료제를 수송하기 위한 투약 제형이 개시된다.  상기 투약제형은 다음을 포함한다: 
     (a) 내부 구획을 경계짓는 외부벽; 
     (b) 내부 구획 내의 치료제; 
     (c) 약제의 방출을 위해, 외부벽의 레이저 절제에 의해 형성된 하나 이상의 레이저 형성 출구 구멍; 및 
     (d) 하나 이상의 출구 구멍에 대응하는 하나 이상의 영역에서, 외부벽과 내부 구획 사이에 배치된 방벽층.  상기 방벽층은 외부층에서 하나 이상의 출구 구멍의 레이저-형성 동안에 상기 방벽층이 온전하게 유지되게 하는 물질을 포함한다.  또한, 본 투약 제형의 외부 벽에서 출구 구멍의 레이저 형성 동안에, 투약 제형의 레이저 절개의 깊이를 조절하는 방법이 개시된다.
Patent KR-20020070362-A (KR)
IPC: H04N7/24
Filed: 2000-04-10
Abstract: 본 발명은, 시뮬캐스트 코딩(400) 또는 공간 스케일성 코딩(100)이 특정 통신링크의 클라이언트에 대한 비디오를 인코딩하도록 사용되었는지의 여부를 결정하기위한 최적의 시스템을 제공한다.   시뮬캐스트 코딩 및 공간 스케일성 모두에 대한 동작점(A', B')도 결정된다.   관련된 저해상도 데이터의 비트할당에 기초하여 고해상도 데이터의 품질을 최적화하도록 스위칭을 안내하도록 이용되는 결정경계 및 동작점에 따라 적절한 스위칭(3130, 3140)이 제공된다.   또한, 시뮬캐스트 및 공간 스케일성 코딩의 양 층의 동일한 품질의 점(A', C')을 결정하기 위한 시스템이 제공된다.   동일한 품질을 달성하기 위해 베이스층에 할당된 비트의 비율은 본질적으로 시뮬캐스트 및 공간 스케일성에 대한 총 비트율과 독립된다.
Patent KR-20020081425-A (KR)
Title: 엔진의 작동 방법
IPC: F02D41/40
Filed: 2001-01-30
Abstract: 본 발명은 엔진, 특히 직접 분사식 엔진의 작동 방법에 관한 것이다.  본 발명에 따르면, 분사 밸브(10)의 개방 시간(t_i)은 축압기(8) 내에 형성된 축압기 압력(p_r)에 따라 계산되고, 연료가 적어도 하나의 펌프(3, 7)를 통해 축압기(8)로 공급되고 연료는 축압기(8)로부터 분사 밸브(10)를 통해 연소실로 분사된다. 
     특히 축압기 압력(p_r)의 압력 변동이 매우 심할 때 분사되는 연료량을 가능한 한 정확하게 측정하기 위해, 적어도 두 개의 측정 압력값으로부터 예상 압력값(p_r_est)이 계산되고, 축압기 압력 진행 곡선의 경사(dp_r_syn) 값이 사전 설정된 임계값을 초과할 때 축압기(8)에 형성된 축압기 압력(p_r)으로서 분사 밸브(10)의 개방 시간(t_i)의 계산에 사용되는 것이 제안된다.
Patent KR-20020084266-A (KR)
Title: 연료 셀과 병용하는 연료 처리 장치의 다단계 연소 방법
IPC: H01M8/04
Filed: 2001-03-28
Abstract: 본 발명은 통합 연료 처리 장치 및 연료 셀의 작동 안정성의 개량, 제어의 간단화 및 열회수율의 개량에 관한 것이다. 본 발명에 의하면, 개질 영역은 제1 연소 유출물 스트림과의 간접 열 교환에 의해 가열되어 냉각된 제1 연소 유출물 스트림을 제공한다. 냉각된 연소 유출물 스트림은 적어도 추가의 연소 영역에서 연료 셀로부터의 애노드 폐가스 중 적어도 일부에 의해 재가열되어 재가열된 연소 유출물 스트림을 제공한다. 재가열된 연소 유출물 스트림은 개질 영역을 더 가열하는 데 사용된다.
Patent KR-20020087138-A (KR)
Title: 펄프 몰드 성형체의 제조방법
IPC: D21J3/10
Filed: 2001-04-06
Abstract: 본 발명은 흡인로(14)를 구비한 스플릿 몰드(11, 12)를 조립하여 초지 몰드(10)로 하고, 초지 몰드(10)의 캐버티(13) 내에 소정의 설정 공급 농도의 펄프 슬러리의 공급을 개시한 후에, 흡인로(14)를 통하여 펄프 슬러리를 흡인하여 초지 몰드(10)의 내면에 펄프층(15)을 형성하는 초지 공정을 구비한 펄프 몰드 성형체의 제조방법을 제공한다. 초지 공정에 있어서의 펄프층(15)의 형성 초기 또는/및 말기의 캐버티(13)내의 펄프 슬러리의 농도를 상기 펄프 슬러리의 상기 설정 공급 농도보다 낮게 한다.
Patent KR-20040063236-A (KR)
Inventor: YOON JIN SAN
IPC: C08G63/02
Filed: 2003-01-06
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided is a process for producing a biodegradable polylactic acid having high molecular weight and excellent in biodegradability, tensile property, and formability by a direct bulk polycondensation. CONSTITUTION: The biodegradable polylactic acid is produced by carrying out bulk-polycondensation of a composition containing 94.0-99.99mol% of a lactic acid, 0.005-3.0mol% desirably 0.01-1.0mol% of an organic divalent carboxylic acid selected from a succinic acid, an adipic acid, or a mixture thereof, and 0.005-3.0mol% desirably 0.01-1.0mol% of a diol selected from 1,4-butenediol, 1,4-butanediol, or a mixture thereof in the presence of a catalyst.
Patent KR-20030087519-A (KR)
Title: 아미노기를 함유한 페놀 유도체
IPC: C08L83/04
Filed: 2003-01-06
Abstract: 본 발명의 목적은 폴리이미드 수지의 단점을 해결하면서, 종래의 폴리이미드 수지가 갖는 장점을 보유한 물질을 제공하고자 하는 것이다. 
     본 발명의 아미노기를 함유한 페놀 유도체는 하기의 식(1)과 같이 나타내어지며, 또한 본 발명은 상기의 아미노기를 함유한 페놀 유도체를 이용하여 생산된 폴리이미드 전구체를 제공하고자 한다. 
       (1) 
     (R 1 , R 2 및 R 3 는 탄소수 1 내지 9개인 알킬기, 탄소수 1 내지 10개인 알콕시기, COOR기(R은 탄소수 1 내지 6개인 알킬기를 나타낸다) 또는 수소로서 각각 동일할 수도 있고 다를 수도 있으며; R 4 및 R 5 는 탄소수 1 내지 9개인 알킬기 또는 수소로서 각각 동일할 수도 있고 다를 수도 있고; X는 -O-, -S-, -SO 2 -, -C(CH 3 ) 2 -, -CH 2 -, -C(CH 3 )(C 2 H 5 )-, 또는 -C(CF 3 ) 2 -이며; n은 1 이상의 정수를 나타낸다.)
Patent KR-20040025517-A (KR)
Inventor: MOON JOON SIK
IPC: C25D21/16
Filed: 2003-01-09
Abstract: PURPOSE: A plating facility comprising wastewater non-discharge system and air pollutant non-emission system is provided to reduce water consumption, fundamentally solve wastewater pollution problem, completely prevent air pollution, prevent plating defects due to the external air and solve cooling and heating problems. CONSTITUTION: The plating facility comprises a wastewater non-discharge system and an air pollutant non-emission system, wherein the wastewater non-discharge system comprises a storage tank(23) for collecting wastewater discharged from washing tanks(101); a membrane separator(25) for the storage tank for separating water contained in the storage tank into diluted water and concentrated water; a thickener(24) for containing water overflown from the storage tank; a membrane separator(26) for thickener for separating water in the thickener into diluted water and high concentrated water; a concentrated water heating tank(19) at which heater(20) is installed to further concentrate the concentrated water; a heated water evaporator(21) for evaporating waterdrop by air; and connection pipes including wastewater transfer pipe(3), thickener transfer pipe(301), membrane separator transfer pipe(306) connected from the storage tank to the membrane separator, treated water reusing pipe(308), concentrated water circulation pipe(307), membrane separator transfer pipe(302) connected from the thickener to the membrane separator, diluted water transfer pipe(305), high concentrated water circulation pipe(304), heating tank transfer pipe(303), evaporator transfer pipe(309), and concentrate water transfer pipe(15), and wherein the air pollutant non-emission system comprises an exhaust hood for sucking air pollutant generated in the plating tank(1); an exhaust duct(201) through which air pollutant contained exhaust air flows; an exhaust fan(5) for sucking and blowing air pollutant contained air; a high efficiency gas-liquid contact type scrubber(12) comprising a plurality of gas-liquid contact sieve plate sets(13), housing set to which mist remover(11) is attached, circulation water pump, connection pipe, and refrigerant pipe(14); a discharge duct(16) through which purified discharge air flows; a discharge hood for blowing air pollutants to the side of the exhaust hood; and second high efficiency air pollutant remover(17) for removing residual trace of air pollutants.
Patent KR-20030012928-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE KI YOUNG
IPC: A01G9/02
Filed: 2003-01-22
Abstract: PURPOSE: A device for displaying flower pots is provided, therefore a user is capable of regulating the position of the flowers pots to be displayed and the quantity of sunshine thereof. CONSTITUTION: The device for displaying flower pots comprises frames(10) consisting of a base frame(11), and installing frames(12) positioned in the right and left sides of the base frame(11); an operating part(20) consisting of rotation shafts(21) installed in the upper and lower parts of the both installing frames(12) and track forming units(22) in the both rotation shafts(21); displaying plates(30) which is linked to both ends of the track forming units(22) and displaying flower pots; and a power supplying part(40) which is installed at the installing frames(12), and is connected to the both rotation shafts(21)to operate the track forming units(22).
Patent KR-20040067426-A (KR)
Inventor: KANG YEONG JUN
IPC: H05B41/26
Filed: 2003-01-23
Abstract: PURPOSE: A fluorescent lamp having a DC stabilizer and a lighting apparatus are provided to protect an electronic circuit by interrupting an operation of the electronic circuit in a wrong connecting state of polarity. CONSTITUTION: A fluorescent lamp having a DC stabilizer includes an input unit, a protection circuit, and an electronic stabilizer. The input unit(100) receives DC voltages and removes ripples from the direct current of an electronic circuit including a diode, a choke coil, and capacitors. The protection circuit(200) includes a transistor and a relay to protect a fluorescent lamp. The relay is operated by the transistor in order to connect a filament of the fluorescent lamp. The electronic stabilizer(300) is used for preheating the filament and discharging the fluorescent lamp by switching the direct current of the protection circuit to an oscillation circuit.
Patent KR-20040067699-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM JIN YONG
IPC: G11B20/00
Filed: 2003-01-24
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for managing CPI(Copy Protection Information) of a high-density optical disk is provided to repeatedly record CPI included in a PIC(Permanent Information and Control data) zone of an optical disk at a specific recording section of a lead-in area or a lead-out area, and to detect the recorded CPI even though an error is generated, thereby normally decoding enciphered main data. CONSTITUTION: If an error is generated from CPI while reading DI(Disc Information) and the CPI recorded in a PIC zone of a BD(Blu-ray)-ROM(10), an optical disk device searches/detects sub CPI repeatedly recorded in a reserved zone of a lead-in area by referring to recording position information of the CPI included in the DI, or searches/reads sub CPI repeatedly recorded in a reserved zone of a lead-out area. The device performs a series of processes for decoding main data recorded in a data zone by using the searched/read CPI.
Patent KR-20040069574-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM HEE YOUNG
IPC: H04L12/46
Filed: 2003-01-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: A wireless LAN portal service system and a wireless LAN portal service method using the same are provided to transmit information on whether a user is positioned in a hot spot area to the user. CONSTITUTION: A mobile terminal(10) is available for use a wireless LAN service. A wireless LAN contents service system(100) provides a user with hot spot information indicating that the mobile terminal has been moved into a hot spot area and position information of hot spots distributed nearby. A wireless LAN provider server(16) provides a wireless LAN service and leases an ID and a password for the wireless LAN contents service system(100). A mobile communication network(12) connects the mobile terminal(10) and the wireless LAN contents service system(100).
Patent KR-20040072203-A (KR)
Inventor: KAWAMURA HISAYUKI
IPC: C07C209/74
Filed: 2003-02-10
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided are a method for preparing an aromatic diamine derivative having many aromatic rings and/or hetero-cyclic groups in molecules with high efficiency in high yield. CONSTITUTION: The aromatic diamine derivative represented by the formula (II) is prepared by dimerizing an aromatic halide represented by the formula 1. In the formulas (I) and (II), each Ar¬1 and Ar¬2 is an independently substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic group having 5-30 carbon atoms, Ar¬3 is a substituted or unsubstituted divalent aromatic group having 5-30 carbon atoms, and X is a halogen atom.
Patent KR-20040073880-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM SANG CHEON
IPC: G02B7/36
Filed: 2003-02-15
Abstract: PURPOSE: A refractor, a method for fabricating a refractor, and an error detection system using the same are provided to detect a focus error and a spherical aberration error and reduce the power consumption by using an optic complex function lens and an error detector. CONSTITUTION: A refractor includes an internal lens part and a doughnut-shaped external lens part. The internal lens part(32) is formed on an upper surface of a single glass substrate in order to provide a reference focus. The doughnut-shaped external lens part(33) is formed around the internal lens part in order to surround the internal lens part. The focal length between the doughnut-shaped external lens part and the internal lens part is changed by generation of spherical aberration. The internal lens part is formed with an elliptical lens in order to detect a focus error.
Patent KR-20040074254-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE EUL HWAN
IPC: H04N1/405
Filed: 2003-02-17
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method of generating a binary image using position information of a minority pixel is provided to control an input threshold value of pixel to generate a binary image having minority pixels with uniform distribution through a small number of computations. CONSTITUTION: An error value obtained by filtering a previous input pixel value and an error value obtained by filtering the current input pixel values are added up to produce a corrected input pixel value(300). An ideal optimum distance between the current input pixel value and minority pixels is computed(310). A minimum distance between the input pixel and minority pixels is computed using position information of a minority pixel located distant from binary pixels adjacent to the input pixel(320). A threshold value is computed using the optimum distance and the minimum distance(330). The threshold value is compared to the corrected input pixel value to determine a binary pixel value of the input pixel(340). The position information of the minority pixel located in the minimum distance from the input pixel is stored(360).
Patent KR-20040074687-A (KR)
Inventor: KWON WOO HEE
Filed: 2003-02-18
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for trading the financial goods to be cancelled before expiration through the auction/reverse auction using the Internet is provided to draw out mutual agreement from a deposit/installment saver and a person wanting the investment shorter than a contract term by using an auction/reverse auction method. CONSTITUTION: A supplier canceling the financial goods before the expiration and a demander joining in the Internet auction register to a web site as a member, and input personal information. The supplier inputs the financial information including a sort, a contract price, a contract term, a financial institution name, an expiration/cancellation interest rate, a desired trading time, a payment term, an installment price, and the lowest successful rate/price of the financial goods(S20). A service provider constructs/provides a database to the members by storing a result analyzing a current value of the deposit/installment savings registered from the supplier(S60). The demanders select the desired financial goods and bid the buying rate/price(S120). A successful bidder is decided if a bidding condition is satisfied(S180).
Patent KR-20040075533-A (KR)
Inventor: PARK DONG PIL
IPC: H01M6/42
Filed: 2003-02-21
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided is an electrode plate in tiers capable of reducing separation of active materials attached on a base plate. A nickel/hydrogen storage alloy secondary battery comprising the electrode plate is also provided. CONSTITUTION: The electrode plate(320) in tiers for a secondary battery comprises a base plate(322) having multiple pores and active material layers(324) coated on both surfaces of the base plate(322). The base plate(322) includes a first type of tiers(CIR1) formed on one surface, the first tiers having pores(322a1,322a2) at an apex thereof, and a second type of tiers(CIR2) on the other surface, the second tiers having pores(322b2) at an apex thereof. The first tiers(CIR1) and the second tiers(CIR2) are arranged in such a manner that they are adjacent to each other in at least one direction.
Patent KR-20040077258-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM JONG MYOUNG
IPC: A61B10/00
Filed: 2003-02-28
Abstract: PURPOSE: A system and a method are provided to achieve improved accuracy of prediction of ovulation day by using the menstrual cycle detected from the body data and basic body temperature and electrical conductivity of saliva of a user. CONSTITUTION: A system comprises a client(10) equipped with a communication environment accessible to an Internet(20) and a measurement unit(12) for measuring the basic body temperature and electrical conductivity of saliva of a user; and an operating server(30) for predicting the ovulation day of the user through the client and providing the ovulation day. The operating server includes an input module for taking, as an input, the basic body temperature and electrical conductivity of saliva measured by the measurement unit and body data input from the user; a data analysis module for analyzing the basic body temperature, electrical conductivity of saliva, and body data input through the input module; an ovulation day prediction module for calculating the menstrual cycle of the user from the result of analysis of the data analysis module, and predicting the ovulation day of the user on the basis of the calculated menstrual cycle; and a control module for controlling functions of the modules.
Patent KR-20030026297-A (KR)
Title: Production of confectionery, bread and rice cake using ginseng, kimchi, green tea and grain
Inventor: CHO NAM HACK
IPC: A23G3/00
Filed: 2003-03-05
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for preparing food products including confectionery, bread and rice cake by using glutinous rice, rice, corn, Ginseng Radix, kimchi or the like as a main material is provided. Therefore, the products are healthy, tasty, nutritionally well balanced foods and promote the growth of children and can be used as dessert after a meal and a snack between lunch and supper for children. CONSTITUTION: The food product is prepared by: mixing grain such as glutinous rice, rice, corn, Ginseng Radix, Theae folium and kimchi as a main material, wheat flour, potato starch, starch acetate, purified salt, a yeast, a ginseng extract, a Theae folium extract and a kimchi extract; and aging, steaming the mixture at 150deg.C for about 20min to produce rice cakes(ttok, Korean native name).
Patent KR-20040074885-A (KR)
Inventor: WON YOUNG SIK
IPC: H01L21/02
Filed: 2003-03-18
Abstract: PURPOSE: A distributing valve for preventing a backward flow of waste gas treating apparatus is provided to discharge rapidly the waste gas by preventing the backward flow of the waste gas. CONSTITUTION: A valve body(30) includes an inlet(32) and two outlets(34,35). A moving body(40) includes two outflow holes(42,43) and is moved within the valve body. A plurality of guide bars are installed in the inside of covers(50,51). An oil port(36) is formed at a center of an upper side of the valve body. A couple of air pressure ports are formed at a lower side of the valve body. A plurality of guide grooves are formed at both sides of the moving body. A plurality of anti-counterflow units(70,71) are installed at the outflow holes of the moving body. A plurality of injection holes are formed at the outflow holes of the moving body. A plurality of inflow holes(54,55) are formed at a center of the covers.
Patent KR-20040082824-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM HYEON GI
IPC: H04N21/431
Filed: 2003-03-20
Abstract: PURPOSE: An apparatus and a method for constructing an EPG(Electronic Program Guide) having no channel axis are provided to see desired information without operating time axis navigation. CONSTITUTION: An apparatus for constructing an EPG having no channel axis includes a memory(1) storing information on broadcasting channels, the total time range of a time axis and arrangement form, and a channel selector(3) used for selecting a channel a user desires. The apparatus further includes a time axis setting part(5) for selecting the total time range of the program time axis of the selected channel and arrangement form of the time axis, and a graphic processor(7) for extracting information on a corresponding broadcasting channel, the total time range of time axis and arrangement form from the memory in response to select values of the channel selector and the time axis setting part and carrying out predetermined graphic processing for the information to display an EPG on a screen.
Patent KR-20030036389-A (KR)
Inventor: JUN SEONG SIK
IPC: A23L33/00
Filed: 2003-03-25
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided are functional food material for prevention and improvement of dementia using the extract of medicinal herbs and a food product using the same, thereby promoting activation of brain cells. CONSTITUTION: Functional food material for prevention and improvement of dementia is manufactured by using the extract of each Pleuropterus multiflorus Turcz., Veronica, Paeonia suffruticosa, Torreya nucifera (L.) Sieb. et Zucc, Cnidium officinale, and Gardenia florida L or the mixed extract thereof. A food product, particularly hangwa, is added with the functional food material.
Patent KR-20040085504-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE GEUN SU
IPC: G02F1/136
Filed: 2003-03-31
Abstract: PURPOSE: A thin film transistor liquid crystal display is provided to restrain generation of a current by forming a common line in a single line structure, thereby preventing damage due to static electricity generated from the common line and minimizing inferiority. CONSTITUTION: A plurality of gate lines(21) are arranged on an array substrate(20). A plurality of data lines are arranged, crossing the plurality of gate lines. Thin film transistors are arranged at cross parts of the lines. A common line is connected with ends of the gate lines and the data lines, wherein the common line is arranged in single line form. An EDS(Electro-Static Discharge) protection circuit is connected with the gate lines, the data lines, and the common line.
Patent KR-20040087439-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM WANG JIN
IPC: H04L27/34
Filed: 2003-04-08
Abstract: PURPOSE: An RF relay using a feedback signal canceller is provided to remove effectively a feedback signal by correcting distortion and removing an error vector from the feedback signal. CONSTITUTION: An RF relay using a feedback signal canceller includes a duplexer, a low noise amplifier unit, a demodulation unit, and a DSP(Digital Signal Processing) block. The duplexer(103) is used for separating received signals. The separated signals are transmitted to the low noise amplifier unit(104) in order to remove a first feedback signal from an RF signal. The demodulation unit(105) demodulates the output signal of the low noise amplifier unit in order to separate I and Q signals from the output signals and transmit the I and the Q signals to the DSP block(100).
Patent KR-20040089192-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM IN GAP
IPC: B60K11/04
Filed: 2003-04-11
Abstract: PURPOSE: A structure for mounting a radiator of a front end module in a vehicle is provided to increase the productivity, and to reduce assembling process and manufacturing cost by decreasing the attachment mounted to the tank of the radiator. CONSTITUTION: A front end module comprises a radiator(30) having upper and lower header tanks(31) arranged in parallel and spaced from each other to form a fluid passage, plural tubes communicated with the upper and lower header tanks and radiating fins inserted between the tubes; a fan shroud(50) supplying external air to cool the radiator; and a carrier(10) in which the radiator is installed. Assembling units(100) are formed at both sides of the upper and lower header tanks of the radiator, and a fixing unit(110) is formed at the side of the carrier and combined with the assembling unit by inserting.
Patent KR-20040014161-A (KR)
Title: Semiconductor integrated circuit
Inventor: HIROTA TAKANORI
IPC: H03L7/00
Filed: 2003-04-18
Abstract: PURPOSE: To provide a semiconductor integrated circuit in which a phase is easily and highly accurately managed between clock domains receiving a plurality of different frequencies. CONSTITUTION: Let the delay values of clocks in A clock drive 102, a B clock drive 103 and a CMOS buffer circuit 119 be Ta, Tb and Td, respectively. While a terminal "0" of selector circuits 114, 115 and 116 is selected, a delay value Ta-Td is stored in a register circuit 117, and when the terminal "0" is switched to a terminal "1", a delay value Ta-Td-Tb is stored in a register circuit 118. Therefore, the delay value of the CMOS buffer circuit 119 is set to set the phase difference between the A clock drive 102 and the B clock drive 103.
Patent KR-20040091377-A (KR)
Inventor: CHOI DAE GEUN
IPC: H01L21/28
Filed: 2003-04-21
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for forming a magnetic metal point alignment is provided to freely select a magnetic metal and form a metal pattern having a high aspect ratio according to the property of used mask metal by forming metal patterns of various sizes and shapes by a simple method and by previously depositing magnetic metal of a desired property. CONSTITUTION: A regular porous polymer pattern is formed on a metal thin film that needs to be patterned. Mask metal is selectively deposited in a hole. The polymer layer is selectively eliminated. The metal thin film that needs to be patterned is etched.