Patent GB-1182149-A (GB)
Title: Polymer Composition.
Inventor: SULLIVAN CHARLES IRVING
IPC: C08F263/02
Filed: 1967-09-06
Abstract: 1,182,149. Polymer composition. A. E. STALEY MFG. CO. 6 Sept., 1967 [16 Sept., 1966; 23 June, 1967], No. 40741/67. Heading C3P. A polymer emulsion, capable of forming a tough, abrasion-resistant, water-resistant film, is prepared by polymerizing (A) at least one vinyl ester of a saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, (B) at least one polymerizable monovinyl aromatic monomer, and (C) at least one polymerizable α,#-ethylenically unsaturated acid, such that 90 to 99-5% by weight of (A), (B) and (C) are (A) and (B) in a weight ratio of (A) to (B) in the range 4 : 6 to 9 : 1, and 0-5 to 10% by weight is (C), the aqueous emulsion polymerization being carried out in two steps by first polymerizing all of (A) followed by polymerizing all of (B), at least one of these stages containing part of (C), the other stage containing the balance of (C), and the first polymerization being essentially complete before the second is begun. The monomers may comprise at least 60% of the monomers to be polymerized, and (A) is preferably vinyl acetate, (B) is styrene, and the ratio of (A) to (B) is preferably in the range of 2 : 1 to 6 : 1. The monomer (C) may be methacrylic acid when added in the second polymerization stage, and may be itaconic acid when added in the first stage. The emulsion polymer may contain various additives and these are indicated below (lists of these additives are given in the Specification):- coalescing agents, emulsifiers such as nonionic and ionic surface active agents, promoters to reduce coagulation, an alkali-soluble resin, an alkali-insoluble alkali-dispersible polymer in amount 1 to 50 parts per 100 parts by weight of (A), (B) and (C), a soluble polyvalent metal chelate of an alkylene polyamine polycarboxylic acid, a polyvalent metal compound such as an acetate of zinc, zirconium, cadmium or aluminium, and a further monomer which is a diethylenically unsaturated monomer present in up to 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polymer. A free-radical catalyst may be used and may be a persulphate, perborate, peroxide or azo compound. The reaction may be conducted below 95‹ C., continuously or batchwise. In an example, the following monomers were polymerized, vinyl acetate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, itaconic acid, styrene or vinyl toluene, and methacrylic acid, and the emulsion polymer formed was mixed with methyl carbitol and zirconium or zinc acetate (adjusting pH with ammonium hydroxide) to give a clear acidic room temperature composition. In another example, the following monomers are polymerized, vinyl acetate, itaconic acid, styrene and methacrylic acid, and the emulsion polymer is mixed with an alkali-insoluble, alkali-dispersible emulsion copolymer of styrene and methacrylic acid, and compounded with an aqueous solution of a styrene-propyl hydrogen maleate co-polymer and a polyethylene emulsion, the pH being adjusted with ammonium hydroxide, to form a polish. In further examples, the following monomers are polymerized:-( 1) vinyl acetate, dibutyl maleate, itaconic acid, styrene, and methacrylic acid, (ii) vinyl acetate, vinyl stearate, ethyl acrylate, methacrylic acid and styrene, (iii) vinyl acetate, dimethyl maleate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, itaconic acid, styrene, methyl methacrylate and divinylbenzene. The promoters used were sodium metabisulphite and ascorbic acid, and the catalyst ammonium or potassium persulphate and tert-butyl hydroperoxide, and the emulsifier a sodium salt of lauryl polyethoxysulphate.