Patent GB-938957-A (GB)
Title: An attitude computer
IPC: G05D1/08
Filed: 1960-07-20
Abstract: 938,957. Digital electric calculating-apparatus. STANDARD TELEPHONES & CABLES Ltd. (International Telephone & Telegraph Corporation). July 20, 1960, No. 25238/60. Class 106 (1). [Also in Group XX] Apparatus for continuously providing information representing the attitude of a moving body with respect to a fixed set of axes comprises a digital electric calculating circuit adapted to modify the information in accordance with the movement of the body. The apparatus also provides information regarding the velocity of the body and the distance travelled. As shown, a body 1 moves with an angular velocity #. Axes I, II, III are fixed in space and axes x, y, z fixed in the body. The velocity vector V of a point P fixed in the body and located relative to the origin O by a vector #R is given by the vector product which is equivalent to the approximate matrix equation (1) where the Rij being the projections of the components Rx, Ry, Rz of R on the axes I, II, III, and representing an angular increment in the position of the point P. Furthermore (2) and equations (1) and (2), each of which represents nine linear equations, are used to calculate the value of R at successive times t. The body 1 contains three gyroscope devices which produce a single # pulse to indicate of rotation of 2<SP>-6</SP> radians. Gyroscope, Fig. 6. Corresponding to the three axes x, y, z fixed in the body 1, there are provided three gyroscopes and associated circuitry for producing pulses representing incremental rotations #. Fig. 6 shows the arrangement for the x axis only. A single degree of freedom gyroscope 37 fixed in the body 1 is arranged when the body rotates about the x axis to precess thereby rotating a shaft 40, the precession being detected as a phase shift in a 1 Kc signal induced in a rotor coil 41 by a stator coil 42. The phase shift is translated to positive or negative pulses which control the passage of pulses from a standard pulse generator 54 via " and " gates 56a, 56b to an " or " gate 59 whose output represents #x and a flipflop 60 whose output ax represents the sign of the precession. Pulses are also supplied to a torquing coil 57 thereby opposing the precessing of the axis 40. Computer, Fig. 4a. The signals #x, #x from the gyro circuit 33, i.e. the circuit shown in Fig. 6, are fed to computing circuit, Fig. 4a, for the x co-ordinate. This circuit includes dynamic logic circuits such as 76 (Figs. 5a-5c, not shown), which provide assertive and negative output pulse trains α, n which are logical functions of the inputs to the circuit. The numbers H Ix , R IIx , R IIIx  representing the projections of Rx on the I, II and III axes are stored as 16-bit binary numbers in a magnetostrictive storage device 84 comprising a delay line 87. A master clock circuit (Fig. 7, not shown), produces basic 1Ás pulses and the pulses T 1 , T 48 , T w , T w  shown in Fig. 8. The dynamic logic circuit 77 produces output pulses only between a T 1  and the next T 48  pulse and subsequent to the occurrence of a #x pulse. When #x is positive, the ax (sign) signal produced by a logic circuit 76 is composed of negative going clock pulses. In operation, a pick-up coil 91 detects pulses in the delay line 87, 8Ás before they are detected by a coil 89 at the end of the line. The pulses from the coil 91 are fed to a logical circuit 93 which erases the 8 least significant bits of each 16-bit number, such as R Ix . The assertion output α of the circuit 93 thus represents an increment such as #R Ix . Similar circuits (Figs. 4b, 4c, not shown) produce increments #R iy , #R iz  (i = I, II, III). These increments are applied to logical circuits 96, 97, together the corresponding sign-indicating signals #. The outputs of circuits 96, 97 are fed to delays 100, 101 arranged so that the increments, such as #R Iz  are shifted 6Ás with respect to the number R Ix  with which they are combined. The delays 100, 101 are connected to binary serial adders 98, 99 in the loop of the delay line 87, the circuits 96-98 being effective to calculate for the x co-ordinate, the equation (1) and (2). Indicating circuit, Fig. 9. The outputs of the magnetostrictive storage devices 84, 85, 86 are connected to respective number separating circuits, the store 84 feeding a circuit 102 whose outputs on lines 103, 104, 105 are the serial numbers R Ix , R IIx , R IIIx . These are transferred from shift registers 106-108 in parallel to storage registers 109-111 whose outputs are connected via weighted resistors 115-117 to summing amplifiers 118-120. The output of the amplifier 118 is a voltage magnitude representing R Ix  and this voltage is supplied to an analogue multiplier 121 together with signals from an accelerometer 124 representing the body's velocity along the x axis. The magnitudes R Iy , B Iz  are supplied to multipliers 122, 123, the outputs of the three multipliers 121- 128 being connected to a summing amplifier 127 whose output represents the velocity of the body along the axis I, this being indicated by a meter 128. The use of an integrator 129 enables the distance travelled along the I axis to be indicated at 130. Similar meters (not shown) are provided for the II and III axes.