Patent GB-819162-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the production of artificial filamentary materials by melt spinning
Inventor: YOUNG HARRY EDWARD BELLAIRS
IPC: G11B5/004
Filed: 1956-02-04
Abstract: In melt spinning artificial filaments by urging a column of blocks of solid fusible filament-forming material against a heated surface to fuse the material at the leading face of the column by contact with the surface and extruding the fused material as a filamentary product, the heated surface is resiliently urged against the leading face of the column, the column is alternately moved forward by pressure against its rear face and laterally gripped so as to hold it stationary while relieving the pressure on the rear face, and fresh material in the form of one or more blocks is added at the rear face when the pressure is relieved. As shown in Fig. 1, the heated surface is the upper surface of a jet strip 11 of stainless steel bored with circular orifices 12 and clamped between two layers 13, 14 of insulating material each having a rectangular aperture therein exposing the orifices 12. The layers 13, 14 and the jet 11 are clamped between an upper block 15 having a rectangular aperture 16 and a lower block 17 having a similar aperture 18 flared at the lower face 19 of the block.  The lower block 17 rests on a channel plate 21 having a corresponding aperture.  The ends of the channel plate 21 are bored for the passage of two circular section standards 22 forming part of the frame of the machine, indicated generally at 23, and are furnished with depending collars 24 which guide the plate 21 in its motion up and down the standards 22.  Beneath the collars 24 are two strong springs 25 which abut against fixed collars 26 on the standards 22.  From the top of the upper block 15, near the ends of the rectangular well 16, rise two rods 27 which are bored at their upper ends at 28 to receive two further rods 29 depending from the frame of the machine and acting against light springs 31 in the bottom of the bores 28.  Heater current is supplied to the ends of the jet strip 11 by flexible connections 32.  Above the jet strip 11, on a fixed bracket 33, is mounted a gripper assembly 34 comprising a rear plate 35 fixed in line with the rear edge of the jet area 16 and a front plate 36 which is loosely mounted relatively to the rear plate 35.  The inner surface of the front plate is lined with a facing 37 of rubber.  The bracket 33 carrying the gripper assembly 34 comprises two side plates 38 to <PICT:0819162/IV (a)/1> <PICT:0819162/IV (a)/2> <PICT:0819162/IV (a)/3> <PICT:0819162/IV (a)/4> <PICT:0819162/IV (a)/5> <PICT:0819162/IV (a)/6> <PICT:0819162/IV (a)/7> which the rear plate 35 is welded and which extend forward to form part of a box-like structure in front of the front plate 36. Within the box-like structure is a powerful helical spring 39 urging the front plate 36 towards the back plate 35.  A pull-rod 40 extending forward from the front plate 36, however, passes through the front face 50 of the box and is provided at its free end with a pair of anti-friction rollers 41 on a horizontal axis. Between the rollers 41 and the front face 50 of the box is a vertically slidable cam member 42 operated by a generally horizontal lever 43 pivoted at 44 on the top of the box.  When the lever and cam 43, 42 are in the raised position the spring 39 is free to force the front plate 36 towards the rear plate 35, but when the lever 43 is pressed down, the cam 42 acts on the rod 40 and pulls the front plate 36 forward against the action of the spring 39.  The filament-forming material in the form of slabs 45 is fed manually into the apparatus, with the long edge of the slabs vertical and the horizontal cross-section in vertical alignment within the well 16 leading to the jet strip 11.  The slabs are pressed into engagement with the jet strip 11 by a presser member 46 mounted beneath a plate 47 similar to the plate 21 carrying the jet assembly and slidable on the same pair of standards 22.  The upper surface of the plate 47 is acted on by a pair of rams 48, the upper ends of which fit into fixed pneumatic cylinders 49 supplied with compressed air.  In the operation of the device the column of material consisting of one or more slabs 45 is pressed downwards against the upper face of the heated jet strip 11 so that the material at the leading face of the column is fused.  The fused material is forced through the orifices 12 in the jet strip 11 to form filaments 51 which are drawn away by means of a feed roller 52 as a light tow 53 of continuous filaments.  When the upper surface of the uppermost slab 45 has descended nearly to the top of the gripper assembly 34, the handle 43 of the gripper assembly is raised so that the slab 45 extending through it is firmly gripped.  In this condition the jet strip 11 can rise under the influence of its mounting springs 25, so that the fused material continues to be forced through the spinning orifices.  The rams 48 and pressing element 46 are then raised and a fresh slab 45 of filament-forming material is inserted beneath the pressing element and over the top of the existing slab.  The rams 48 are then brought down again, the lever 43 of the gripping device is lowered, and the spinning cycle is repeated.  In the form of apparatus shown in Figs. 2 to 5, each charge of spinning material is in the form of circular tablets supplied in a magazine tube 56 (Fig. 2).  The magazines are inserted in the machine by hand, but the change-over is effected automatically on exhaustion of the active magazine, a fresh magazine being indicated in Figs. 2 and 5 at 561 and an exhausted and displaced magazine at 5611.  Extrusion is effected by means of a ram 48 operated by an air cylinder 49 and entering the top of the active magazine 56.  The jet assembly 63 is mounted at the lower end of a reservoir tube 64 supported by a plate 65 which, like the channel plate 21 of Fig. 1, is floating.  Plate 65 is suspended on rods 66 secured to yokes 67, each supported by a pair of heavy tension springs 68 from the upper frame plate 57.  The filaments 70 pass downwards through cooling tubes 75, past lubricating rollers 76 to guides 72 in a trough 73 and are collected in the form of a tow 74. The spinning material passes, under the influence of ram 48, from the magazine 56 to the reservoir tube 64 (Fig. 3) via clutch assembly 69 mounted beneath the frame plate 61 and comprising a housing 78 containing a four-jawed chuck member 79.  The lower part 81 of the chuck member is tubular, is furnished with a projecting collar 82 and is formed with four apertures 83.  The upper part 84 is split into four sections above the apertures 83 and is of conical exterior form to match the conical inner surface 85 of the clutch housing 78.  The inner surfaces of the upper part 84 are serrated or formed with a screw-thread at 86 to enable them to grip the column of tablets 87 passing through the assembly. The four sections of the clutch member are sprung slightly outwards so that they will not engage the tablets 87 unless the member 79 is forced upwards so that the engagement of the conical surface 85 closes the sections on the tablets 87.  This is effected by means of a double lever 88 pivoted at 89 to the lower part of the clutch housing 78 and engaging, at one end, beneath the collar 82, the clutch housing 78 being cut away at 91 to accommodate the lever 88.  The other end of the lever 88 is engaged from above by a spring 92 which can be forced down upon the lever by means of a control rod 93 which extends upwards through the frame plates 58, 59, 61.  A horizontal finger 94 on the control rod 93 is engaged by a rod 95 extending through a gland 96 in the bottom of the air cylinder 49. When the charge of tablets in the magazine 56 is exhausted, the piston 97 in the cylinder 49 engages and forces down the rod 95, thereby forcing down the control rod 93, compressing the spring 92, and forcing the chuck member 79 upwards to grip the tablets within the housing 78.  At the same time, the supply of compressed air is transferred from the top to the bottom of the cylinder 49 so that the ram 48 is raised to the top of its throw.  This is effected by means of an air valve 98 actuated by the top of the control rod 93.  On the raising of the ram, relieving the pressure on the top of the column of tablets 87, spinning continues by reason of the gripping of the column by the clutch housing 78 and the rising of the plate 65 and the jet assembly 63 under the action of the four tension springs 68. This enables spinning to continue while the empty magazine 56 is replaced by a fresh one.  The raising of the ram 48 relieves the pressure on the rod 95, but the control rod 93 is nevertheless held in the depressed position by means of a pawl 101 engaging over a collar 102 of the control rod, so that pressure is maintained on the clutch spring 92.  Changing of the magazine 56 is effected by means of a pair of hammers 103, 104 secured to a spindle 105 mounted between the frame plates 59, 61.  The spindle 105 is spring-loaded to drive the hammers into engagement with the fresh magazine 561, but is restrained by means of a pin 106 extending downwards through the plate 59 in the way of the upper hammer 103.  The pin 106 is enlarged above the plate 59 and is cut away at one side for engagement by a horizontal lever 107 pivoted at 108 above the frame plate 59 (Figs. 3 and 4).  The lever 107 extends partly over the bore of the magazine 56 (Fig. 4), passing close to the ram 48 but over the enlarged head 109 thereof.  When the ram 48 is raised, the head 109 engages beneath and lifts the lever 107, thereby lifting the pin 106 and releasing the hammers 103, 104.  The new magazine 561 is thereby driven into the working position, in line with the ram 48 and the clutch assembly 69, displacing the exhausted magazine 56 which is brought up against the stop pins 111 into the position indicated at 5611 in Fig. 5.  The magazines are guided in their motions by means of a guide plate 112 and are located in the working position by means of a block 113