Patent GB-876674-A (GB)
Title: New polymerisation process
IPC: C08G59/54
Filed: 1958-07-23
Abstract: Polymers are made by polymerizing compounds that contain at least one polymerizable carbon-to-carbon double bond and at least one tertiary amino group, with the aid of a polymerization catalyst in the presence of acetylene.  The compound containing the tertiary amino group may be (a) a basic amide or ester of an aliphatic a , b -unsaturated di- or monocarboxylic acid such as acrylic acid-g -diethylaminopropylamide, or methacrylic acid b -diethylamino ethyl ester; the specification contains examples of a considerable number of such amides and esters derived from acids such as acrylic, methacrylic, ethacrylic, crotonic, furylacrylic, a -chloracrylic, maleic, itaconic or fumaric acid; (b) a basic vinyl ether such as b -diethylaminoethyl, b -di-n-butyl-aminoethyl, b -morpholinoethyl, or 4-dimethylamino-phenyl-(1)-methyl vinyl ether; (c) a basic vinyl-heterocyclic compound such as a vinyl imidazole, a vinyl quinoline or a vinyl pyridine; (d) a basic vinyl-aryl compound such as a 2-, 3- or 4-di-dialkylamino styrene; or (e) an allylamine containing a tertiary amino group such as N,N-dimethylallylamine and diethylallylamine.  Copolymers may be made from two or more of the above or from at least one of the above and one or more of vinyl acetate, formate, butyrate, benzoate, chloride or fluoride, a vinyl alkyl ketone, vinylidene chloride, styrene, ethyl, butyl or dodecyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, acrylamide, dihydroxyethyl acrylamide, tertiary butyl acrylamide, hexamethylolmelamine triacrylamide, isobutylene, butadiene or 2-chlorobutadiene.  Polymerization may be effected in bulk, emulsion or preferably in solution in a solvent such as water, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, acetone, methylene chloride, dichloroethane and benzene. Catalysts which may be utilized include peracetic acid, acetyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, benzoyl-acetyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, cumene, tertiary butyl or para-menthane hydroperoxide, hydrogen peroxide, a percarbonate, persulphate or perborate, a , a 1-azodiisobutyronitrile, a , a -azobis (isobutyroamidine hydrochloride) or mixtures thereof.  Activators such as sulphur dioxide, sodium bisulphite, ammonium bisulphite, sodium hydrosulphite or sodium thiosulphate may also be used.  The acetylene is preferably introduced by saturating the reaction mixture with acetylene gas and continuing the introduction of acetylene during the reaction.  The Specification describes aqueous compositions suitable for use in coating, printing or dressing textiles, leather or paper comprising poly-acrylic acid-g -diethylaminopropylamide or a copolymer of acrylic acid-g -diethylaminopropylamide, tertiary butyl acrylamide and ethyl acrylate and (a) a commercial polyvinyl alcohol treated with a polyglycidyl ether from epichlorohydrin and 4, 41-dihydroxydiphenyldimethyl methane in which previously had been dissolved a condensation product from 1 mol octadecyl alcohol and 25-30 mols of ethylene oxide; (b) a polyglycidyl ether from ethylene glycol and epichlorohydrin; (c) a polyglycidyl ether from 1 : 4-butanediol and epichlorohydrin or (d) partially acetylated polyvinyl alcohol, propylene glycol ester of alginic acid, a condensation product of 1 mol of nonyl phenol and 9 mols of ethylene oxide, the epoxy resins of (a) and (c), and a C16-18 olefin oxide. (Examples 11 and 12).