Patent GB-788808-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to prefabricated buildings
IPC: E04B1/24
Filed: 1955-05-12
Abstract: 788,808. Prefabricated building; floors, walls, roofs and columns; ventilating; wall and floor conduits. MARROW, G. M. May 12, 1955, No. 13724/55. Classes 20(1), 20(2), 20(4) and 137 [Also in Group XXIII] A building of prefabricated wall and floor sections is also provided with internal D-section hollow columns 33,34 carrying brackets at various floor levels to support the inner edges or tips of the floor sections, the outer, edges of the floor sections. bridging the space by resting on the foundations or on the wall sections when at the upper floors. The plan of the building shown has semicircular ends joined by a straight front and back but it may also. be of other shapes. The foundations for the walls comprise a low concrete wall 10 Fig. 5 on which is bolted a pair of steel channels 25, 26 forming a sill and spaced apart to leave a groove between to accommodate fixing bolts for the wall sections. The short prefabricated channel sections are held together end to end by a kind of fishplate 29 with notches to fit over the transverse bolts of the sections which are clamped down by upstanding bolts 22 set in the concrete. To erect the building after the sill 25, 26, Fig. 5 has been secured on the foundation wall and the first D-section 35 of a column has been fixed on its low concrete pier 12, Fig. 11, the two columns are bridged by floor supporting units 65, Fig. 19. Then various ground floor units such as the segments in Fig. 13 for the ends and rectangular units 106, Fig. 20 for the front to back of the floor are set in position. The columns which are built up, section by section contain a sewer pipe 62 and an electric conduit 63. All the floor sections are provided with ventilating ducts which lead into the hollow vertical columns. After the ground floor sections are placed in position the lower wall sections are erected thereon. Such sections are curved (Fig. 33), for the ends, flat for the front and back, and some with openings for doors and windows (Figs. 29, 30 and 31, not shown). The windows are of double glass one of which is replaceable by a screen in summer. The roof interior Fig. 21, comprises prefabricated curved segmental sections 145, Fig. 21, and curved rectangular sections (146, Fig. 28, not shown). The sections 145 are in themselves curved in a horizontal plane to facilitate bending of the covering material and have keyhole apertures to facilitate assembly over bolts and wing nuts. Warm air, or cooled air for summer, is forced into the vertical columns at 56, Fig. 16 and out through other apertures (39. Fig. 14, not shown) and radial ducts 60, Fig. 18 to warm the floor sections. The warm air then passes into the rooms through a grill 141 in the skirting. Fig. 35 shows the heating circuits. A heater 172, Fig. 2, provides hot air. Marking gauges. The semi-circular ends of the foundations are marked out on the ground by a marker 21 Fig. 5, on a bar 20 pivoted on a post 15 pressed into the ground. The bar 20 is then lifted off and pivoted on the other post 14 and the other semi-circular foundation end is marked out. The posts 15 are pressed in the ground the centres being the same as the centres of the two hollow columns (33 and 34, Fig. 2). Posts 14 and 15 are formed by parallel bars 16 and 17 forming a frame which is supported upright by braces 18. The columns 33 and 34, Fig. 2 comprise a series of D-section metal tubes Fig. 11 provided with brackets for supporting the succeeding similar sections and also the floor and ceiling sections and with holes for warm ventilating air. The column also encloses a vent pipe 62 and a conduit 63 for electric wiring. Floors. Fig. 13 shows a segmental floor section constructed to form ducts for the warmed air from the central column which exits to grills in the skirting boards. Ventilating. An air heater 172, Fig. 35 has its outlet duct connected to the hot air duct 171 and has its chimney extending up through the column 34. Warm air from 172 flows into 171 and through the horizontal support floor units 64 and 65 and through the duct 170. From duct 171 radial conduits 60 and 60c lead to the segmental floor sections of the upper and lower floors. Similar radial conduits 60a and 60b lead from warm air duct 170 into the segmental floor units at the opposite end of the building. At the same time warm air in horizontal support units 64 and 65 flows into the rectangular first and second floor units. From all of the floor units the warm air escapes through the apertures in the outer end portions of the units and flows through into the interior rooms of the building. Cold air from 177 flows to the heater 172. For cooling in summer a valve is placed in 176 below 177 to cut 177 off from return air from the building and connects directly with external air beneath the building. The attic space may also be ventilated in summer. Walls. Fig. 33 shows the walls. Roofs. Figs. 21 and 24 show the roof sections.