Patent GB-1504481-A (GB)
Title: Optical spectrum analyzer apparatus
IPC: G01J3/28
Filed: 1976-04-26
Abstract: 1504481 Spectrum analyzers INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES 26 April 1976 [16 June 1975] 16820/76 Heading G1A In a spectrum analyzer in which light to be analyzed is dispersed and projected on to an array of photo-detectors, two overlapping portions of the dispersed spectrum are projected in sequence; the array of detectors is calibrated by inserting two narrow band filters into the light path, one of the filters having a single narrow pass-band falling within the overlapping portions of the dispersed spectrum, and the other having two narrow pass bands each of which falls in a non-overlapping region of a respective one of the dispersed portions. Fig. 1 shows this calibration applied to a double beam spectrophotometer. Light from a source 7 passes along a test path including optical fibre probe 15, or along a reference path including fibre 14. Both paths are dispersed by a grating 2, and the dispersed light is projected on to a detector array 3 via mirror 54, iris 53 and cylindrical lens 55. The grating, or the array, is movable so that two overlapping portions of the dispersed light strike the array in turn. A chopper 6 determines which path is in use at any moment of time, and also inserts the calibrating filters into the paths. Typically each revolution of the chopper produces six steps: (1) measure reference path, (2) calibrate test path with first filter, (3) calibrate reference path with first filter, (4) measure test path, (5) calibrate reference path with second filter, (6) calibrate test path with second filter. The calibration thus takes place in an effectively continuous manner. The light passed by the calibration filters will be incident on the detector array at particular points which are determined by accessing the detectors in sequence. The results can be stored and used by a data processor to measure the dispersed light in the test or reference paths. The processor may store and compare successive measurements made on the reference path, any changes being used to indicate that there is a fault. Absorption measurements may be made on liquids with the test probe of Fig. 1, the absorption being determined either by comparing the test path results when the probe is, and is not, immersed in the liquid, or by comparing the immersed result with the reference path. Also shown in Fig. 1 are wheels 18 and 19, used to insert neutral attenuators into the paths to prevent the detector array being under- or over-loaded. The data processor can control the insertion of these filters, and also the lamp brightness; the processor also receives signals indicative of the chopper position and scans and decodes the array signals appropriately. The grating 2 is moved from one position to another, depending on which portion(s) of the spectrum are to be investigated. A single path embodiment is described, Fig. 9 (not shown), in which the grating can have three positions. This produces three dispersed portions P1, P2, P3 shown in Fig. 11, (not shown) and requires three calibrating filters; filter 73 has a passband in the overlapping region of P1, P2, P3, filter 72 has passbands falling in the outer parts of P1 and P2, and filter 74 has passbands falling the outer parts of P1 and P3. The embodiments may be adapted for absorption, reflection or transmission measurements depending on the form of probe used.