baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent TW-202123734-A (TW)
Title: Selecting a neighbor node in a wireless multi-hop network using a cost parameter
Inventor: AKL NAEEM
IPC: H04W84/04
Filed: 2020-08-10
Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a child node in a wireless multi-hop network may receive a cost parameter from a neighbor node in the wireless multi-hop network, wherein the cost parameter indicates a cost, due to an operating mode of the neighbor node, of selecting the neighbor node as a target node for a handover procedure, a cell selection procedure, or a cell reselection procedure. The child node may perform the handover procedure, the cell selection procedure, or the cell reselection procedure based at least in part on the cost parameter. Numerous other aspects are provided.
Patent TW-202208302-A (TW)
Title: 可折疊基板及其製造方法
Inventor: ALLAN DOUGLAS CLIPPINGER
IPC: G02F1/1333
Filed: 2020-08-28
Abstract: 在一些實施例中，可折疊基板包含：包含一第一主表面之一第一外層、包含一第二主表面之一第二外層及定位於其間之一核心層。在另外實施例中，該核心層包含定位於該第一外層之一第一部分與一第二部分之間的一第一中心表面區，且該核心層包含定位於該第二外層之一第三部分與第四部分之間的一第二中心表面區。在一些實施例中，可折疊基板包含一第一部分，其包含一第一壓縮深度、一第一層深度及一第一平均濃度。在另外實施例中，該中心部分包含一第一中心壓縮深度、一第一中心層深度及一中心平均濃度。方法包含化學強化一可折疊基板。在一些實施例中，方法包含蝕刻該可折疊基板，及接著進一步化學強化該可折疊基板。
Patent TW-202120996-A (TW)
Inventor: JUNG PHIL-HO
IPC: G02B9/64
Filed: 2020-09-16
Abstract: 一種成像透鏡系統包括：第一透鏡、具有負的折射力的第二透鏡、第三透鏡、第四透鏡、第五透鏡、第六透鏡、第七透鏡及在近軸區域中具有凹的物側表面的第八透鏡，在成像平面的方向上自物側依次設置。所述成像透鏡系統滿足TTL/2IMGHT ＜ 1.5，其中TTL是自所述第一透鏡的物側表面至所述成像平面的距離，且IMGHT是所述成像平面的對角線長度的一半。
Patent TW-202119386-A (TW)
Title: Display device and driving method thereof
Inventor: YOSHIDA YASUNORI
IPC: G09G3/36
Filed: 2007-05-17
Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a display device in which problems such as an increase of power consumption and increase of a load of when light is emitted are reduced by using a method for realizing pseudo impulsive driving by inserting an dark image, and a driving method thereof. A display device which displays a gray scale by dividing one frame period into a plurality of subframe periods, where one frame period is divided into at least a first subframe period and a second subframe period; and when luminance in the first subframe period to display the maximum gray scale is Lmax1 and luminance in the second subframe period to display the maximum gray scale is Lmax2, (1/2) Lmax2 < Lmax1 < (9/10) Lmax2 is satisfied in the one frame period, is provided.
Patent TW-202126808-A (TW)
Inventor: LI LONGCHENG
IPC: C12N15/85
Filed: 2020-09-21
Abstract: 本發明涉及小型活化核酸分子以及其在與THPO蛋白質缺乏或不足相關的疾病或狀況如血小板減少症治療中的應用。本案提供基於RNA激活機制的小型活化核酸分子，其可以是靶向 Thpo/THPO 
基因啟動子區的雙股或單股RNA分子，包含第一核酸鏈和第二核酸鏈。靶向 Thpo/THPO 
基因啟動子區的雙股RNA分子包含兩條長度為16-35個核苷酸的核酸鏈，並且其中一條核酸鏈與選自 Thpo/THPO 
基因啟動子區的靶點存在至少75%的同源性或互補性。本發明也涉及包含該小型活化核酸分子的醫藥組成物或製劑；使用該小型活化核酸分子以及使用該醫藥組成物或製劑可以上調 Thpo/THPO 
基因在細胞中的表現以及治療與THPO蛋白質缺乏或不足相關的疾病或狀況或因各種原因引起的血小板減少症的方法。
Patent TW-202212861-A (TW)
Inventor: CHUNG SHYH-JONG
IPC: B60R21/013
Filed: 2020-09-29
Abstract: 本發明提供一種具長短距離模態偵測之雷達系統，其包含處理單元、發射單元以及接收單元。發射單元包括長距天線和短距天線，長距天線具長距操作頻率產生長距雷達波束，短距天線具短距操作頻率產生短距雷達波束，處理單元在一頻率範圍改變短距操作頻率而調整短距雷達波束的俯仰角，以偵測所述長距雷達波束之偵測範圍以外的近距離盲區，接收單元接收反射之長距雷達波束及/或反射之短距雷達波束，以由處理單元接收，而可判斷遠程以及近距離盲區之物體，藉此構成本發明。
Patent TW-202123452-A (TW)
Title: Light emitting device, display panel having the same, and method of manufacturing display panel
Inventor: NAKATANI SHUHEI
IPC: H01L27/15
Filed: 2020-10-20
Abstract: A light emitting device includes a first bank that partitions pixel regions, a second bank that is disposed above the first bank and defines the pixel regions, and a light emitting layer disposed in each of the pixel regions surrounded by the first bank or the second bank. In the light emitting device, at least one of the first bank and the second bank has a communicator via which two or more of the pixel regions including light emitting layers with a same color communicate with each other. Consequently, there are provided the light emitting device capable of improving the wettability with ink at the ends of the first bank and the second bank and thus suppressing a short circuit between an anode and a cathode and a display panel having the same.
Patent TW-202125535-A (TW)
Title: Structure with conductive pattern and method for producing the same
Inventor: KOZONO TOMOKO
IPC: B05D5/12
Filed: 2020-11-06
Abstract: Provided is a structure with conductive pattern obtained by a simple producing process and having good interlayer adhesion, and a method for producing the same. A structure with conductive pattern provided in one aspect of the present invention includes a substrate and a conductive layer containing copper arranged on a surface of the substrate, wherein the conductive layer has a porosity rate of 0.01% by volume or more and 50% by volume or less in a first main surface side region ranged from a first main surface to a depth of 100 nm in the thickness direction of the conductive layer, 
and has a porosity rate of 10% by volume or less in a second main surface side region ranged from a second main surface to a depth of 100 nm in the thickness direction of the conductive layer, if a main surface of the conductive layer on the side facing the substrate is taken as the first main surface and a main surface on the side opposite to the first main surface is taken as the second main surface.
Patent TW-202136758-A (TW)
Title: Abnormality detecting device and abnormality detecting method
Inventor: TSUTSUI TAKURO
IPC: G01N21/95
Filed: 2020-11-27
Abstract: An abnormality detection device trains a model using multiple network sections each configured to process acquired time series data sets and a concatenation section configured to combine output data output from each of the multiple network sections and to output, as a combined result, a result of combining the output data output from each of the multiple network sections. The trained model is then applied to adapt a unit of process performed during manufacture of a processed object.
Patent TW-202128895-A (TW)
Title: Ink set and inkjet recording method
Inventor: KIDO MASATO
IPC: B41J2/01
Filed: 2020-12-01
Abstract: The present invention provides an ink set, which contains a yellow ink containing a compound represented by the formula (1) and a cyan ink containing a phthalocyanine compound. Further, the present invention provides a recording medium to which each ink contained in the ink set is attached, and an inkjet recording method using the ink set. In the formula, Ar 1 
and Ar 2 
represent a phenyl group which may have a substituent, X 1 
and X 2 
represent an alkoxy group having a sulfo group, Y 1 
and Y 2 
represent a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, Z represents a group represented by the formula (2-1) or the formula (2-2), R 1 
to R 3 
represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a substituent, and the like.
Patent TW-202227887-A (TW)
Inventor: LIU KU-HUAN
IPC: G02F1/13357
Filed: 2021-01-13
Abstract: The invention discloses a backlight device. The backlight device includes a light source base, and a first light homogenizing member, a color conversion member, and a second light homogenizing member are sequentially arranged above the light source base. A plurality of first pyramid structures and a plurality of reflection structures are respectively provided on both sides of the first light homogenizing member. One side of the second light homogenizing member is provided with a plurality of second pyramid structures, and the other side is not provided with any reflective structure. The length of the base of each first pyramid structure and each second pyramid structure is 1/40 times to 1/2 times the width or length of each light emitting diode, and the outer diameter of each reflecting structure is the width of each light emitting diode or 1/15 times to 5 times the length, and the outer diameter of each reflective structure is not greater than 500 microns. Through the arrangement of the first light homogenizing member and the second light homogenizing member, the backlight device can have a more uniform light emitting effect.
Patent TW-202137966-A (TW)
Title: Massage device
Inventor: NUMATA KOICHI
IPC: A61H23/02
Filed: 2021-02-09
Abstract: Provided is a massage device that is provided with a non-vibrating portion to which vibration is not transmitted, and that can thereby perform a massage in a predetermined position without vibration being transmitted to the floor surface, etc., even when the massage device is mounted on a floor surface, etc. This massage device (1) has: a vibration-generating mechanism (2) that applies massage by vibration to a treatment part; a base body (3) that accommodates the vibration-generating mechanism (2); a cylindrically shaped cover body (5) which surrounds the base body (3) in the circumferential direction, and in which a treatment element (6) is provided to the surface thereof and which is vibrated by the vibration-generating mechanism (2); and a grip part (7) provided to a longitudinal end part of the cover body (5), the cover body (5) being configured as a vibrating portion which applies massage by vibration to the treatment part and which exhibits a roll shape, and the grip part (7) being provided in a state of non-connection to the cover body (5) and being configured as a non-vibrating portion which is disposed on both sides of the vibrating portion and to which vibration from the vibration-generating mechanism (2) is not transmitted.
Patent TW-202234131-A (TW)
Title: Bump structure and liquid crystal display
Inventor: GAN JHENG-YOU
IPC: G02F1/133
Filed: 2021-02-19
Abstract: A bump structure including a plurality of first bumps and at least one second bump is provided. The second bump has a long axis extending in a horizontal direction, a vertical direction, or an oblique direction, and the size of the first bump is smaller than the size of the second bump. The second bump includes a plurality of first portions and a second portion connecting the first portions adjacent to each other, and the first bumps and the first portions are arranged in a hexagonal close-packed structure. A liquid crystal display is also provided.
Patent TW-202138947-A (TW)
Title: Automated guided vehicle travel control system
Inventor: KOJITANI YUSUKE
IPC: G05B23/02
Filed: 2021-02-25
Abstract: In order to solve the problem of requiring a great deal of effort and time to complete a travel control program with high reliability, the present invention provides an automated guided vehicle travel control system SS with: an actual guided vehicle travel controller 8 including an actual control program for causing a plurality of actual guided vehicles to travel along a plurality of travel routes intersecting each other in a real transport area; a virtual guided vehicle travel controller 9 including a virtual control program for causing a plurality of virtual guided vehicles B0 to B6 to imitate the shapes and movements of the actual guided vehicles and travel in a virtual transport area; a virtual guided vehicle travel monitor unit 11 for detecting and recording an abnormal event when the virtual guided vehicles B0 to B6 have a collision or an abnormal stop; a monitor result output unit 12 for outputting the detected abnormal event to the outside; and an update data input unit 13 for receiving, from the outside, update data corrected with reference to the output abnormal event to be finally reflected on the actual control program.
Patent TW-202236241-A (TW)
Title: 具串擾補償的顯示驅動裝置及包含其之顯示裝置
Inventor: CHEN WAN-TING
IPC: G02F1/133
Filed: 2021-03-09
Abstract: 一種顯示驅動裝置包括一像素列灰階特性值計算單元、一像素串擾補償單元以及一驅動單元，像素列灰階特性值計算單元計算顯示圖框的每一像素列的一像素列灰階特性值，其中，像素列灰階特性值為對應像素列的所有顯示像素的像素灰階特性值的總和；像素串擾補償單元以每一像素列的一像素補償值來補償對應像素列的每一顯示像素，其中，每一像素列的像素補償值是根據該像素列的像素列灰階特性值與預設的多數個像素列灰階特性門檻比較而產生；驅動單元以顯示圖框的補償後的顯示像素來驅動顯示面板。
Patent TW-202223508-A (TW)
Title: Display device
Inventor: LIN SHIH-YAO
IPC: G02F1/1341
Filed: 2021-03-23
Abstract: A display device includes a display and a transflective module. The transflective module is disposed on one side of the display and includes a glass substrate and a transflective structure layer. The transflective structure layer is disposed on the glass substrate and located between the glass substrate and the display.
Patent TW-202139760-A (TW)
Title: Uplink packet duplication transmissions
Inventor: LIU ZHUANG
IPC: H04W72/04
Filed: 2021-04-06
Abstract: Presented are a systems, methods, apparatuses, or a computer-readable media for uplink packet duplication transmission. A host radio access network (RAN) node hosting a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) entity may determine a location of a primary radio link control (RLC) entity. The host RAN node may transmit, to an assisting RAN node, the location of the primary RLC entity.
Patent TW-202146535-A (TW)
Title: Room-temperature-curable organopolysiloxane composition and article
Inventor: FUJIWARA AKITSUGU
IPC: C09D7/63
Filed: 2021-04-14
Abstract: A room-temperature-curable organopolysiloxane composition comprising (A) an organopolysiloxane resin which contains silanol groups in a specified amount and has a specified molecular weight and a specified three-dimensional net-like structure, (B) a hydrolyzable organosilane compound containing an organooxymethyl group and/or a partial hydrolysis-condensation product thereof, (C) a linear diorganopolysiloxane of which each molecule chain terminal is capped with a silanol group, and (D) a hydrolyzable organosilane containing an amino group and/or a partial hydrolysis-condensation product thereof at specified content ratios can be produced easily and at low cost, and can be formed into a high-hardness cured article or coating film even when a metal compound that can serve as a condensation catalyst is not contained.
Patent TW-202209529-A (TW)
Title: Semiconductor device manufacturing device and manufacturing method
Inventor: TAKAHASHI MAKOTO
IPC: H01L21/52
Filed: 2021-05-07
Abstract: This semiconductor device manufacturing device 10 comprises: a stage 12; a bonding head 14; a copying mechanism 22 provided on the bonding head 14; and a controller 34 that executes the copying process to adjust a facing surface 50 to be parallel to a reference plane 110 by having the facing surface 50, which is a holding surface 20 or a chip end face, follow the reference plane 110, which is a planar surface of the stage 12 or a substrate 100. In the copying process, the controller 34 moves the bonding head 14 relative to the surface direction of the reference plane 110 with the facing surface 50 left abutting the reference plane 110 in a state with the copying mechanism 22 switched to a free state, until the axial direction position of the bonding head 14 reaches a stipulated reference position, and when the axial direction position reaches the reference position, switches the copying mechanism 22 to a locked state.
Patent TW-202144405-A (TW)
Title: 抗新型冠狀病毒(SARS-CoV-2)之新穎單株抗體及其應用
Inventor: HUANG KUAN-YING
IPC: A61K39/42
Filed: 2021-05-11
Abstract: 本發明提供了抗新型冠狀病毒(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2)的新穎單株抗體或其抗原結合片段。還提供包含該新穎單株抗體或其抗原結合片段的醫藥組合物以及用於檢測樣品中SARS-CoV-2存在的套組。本文還公開了用於檢測或預防及/或治療SARS-CoV-2或由ACE2媒介的疾病之方法。
Patent TW-202145413-A (TW)
Inventor: HU RUI-FAN
IPC: B08B3/04
Filed: 2021-05-12
Abstract: A silicon wafer cleaning machine comprising a frame, which comprises two cantilevers arranged at relative intervals, a cleaning basket, two ends of which are respectively arranged on the two cantilevers, and a driving mechanism, the driving mechanism comprises two cams and two servos matched with the corresponding cams, the two cantilevers are connected with the corresponding servos to drive the two cantilevers to move up and down synchronously. The cleaning basket is driven to reciprocate up and down. According to the silicon wafer cleaning machine of the application, when cleaning the silicon wafer, the vibration of the bearing basket is stable, and the silicon wafer can be cleaned well.
Patent TW-202144151-A (TW)
Title: Multilayered polyester film
Inventor: SUZUKI TADAMASA
IPC: B32B7/02
Filed: 2021-05-17
Abstract: A multilayered polyester film which comprises a polyester film and, disposed on at least one surface thereof, a layer X which has a contact angel HX(1) with water of 0-60 DEG, wherein the layer X has a degree of crystallinity C(0) of 0-30%. HX(1): Contact angle at one second after water has come into contact with layer X. A polyester film having excellent recoverability is provided by disposing a layer X on at least one surface of a polyester film, the layer X having a regulated contact angle with water and a regulated degree of crystallinity.
Patent TW-202205335-A (TW)
Title: Energy filter, and energy analyzer and charged particle beam device provided with same
Inventor: HONDA KAZUHIRO
IPC: H01J37/26
Filed: 2021-05-24
Abstract: A decelerating electrode of this energy filter comprises: an electrode pair that has an opening; and a cavity portion that provided in a rotationally symmetrical manner with the center of the opening as the optical axis. Voltages with electric potentials that are substantially the same as that of a charged particle beam are independently applied to the both sides of the decelerating electrode. When an electrical field enters the cavity portion provided in the decelerating electrode, a saddle point having the same electric potential as that of incident charged particles is formed inside the decelerating electrode. The saddle point acts as a high pass filter for incident charged particles at an energy resolution of 1 mV or less. By analyzing charged particles which have been energy-separated, it is possible to measure the energy spectrum and [Delta]E at the high resolution of 1 mV or less. In addition, by causing the energy-separated charged particle beam to converge and scan on the sample surface with an electron lens, it is possible to obtain an SEM/STEM image with a high resolution.
Patent TW-202201926-A (TW)
Inventor: LEE WEN-CHANG
IPC: H04L12/10
Filed: 2021-05-28
Abstract: 一種整合式通訊電源系統係對通訊設備供電，且通訊設備包括基站模組與天線處理模組。整合式通訊電源系統包括第一切換開關、第一整合式轉換模組、直流轉換模組及儲能模組。第一切換開關選擇性地切換輸入源與再生能源的其中一者耦接第一整合式轉換模組，以接收輸入電壓。第一整合式轉換模組且將輸入電壓轉換為直流電壓，且直流轉換模組根據直流電壓提供輸出電壓對天線處理模組供電。儲能模組接收由第一整合式轉換模組或直流轉換模組所提供的儲能電壓，以對基站模組備援供電。
Patent TW-202246078-A (TW)
Inventor: CHUANG YING-CHUN
IPC: B60L53/14
Filed: 2021-05-28
Abstract: 本發明係有關於一種輕型電動載具新型單開關零電流切換無線充電器，其主要係應用於一般市面上常見的電動載具，不僅具有體積小、重量輕、、低切換損失、低電磁干擾與柔性切換的特點，且於功率發射端與接收端均是採用串聯負載共振式轉換器，將串聯負載共振式電力轉換器操作於連續電流模式，使其具有零電流切換的特點，並能縮短蓄電池之充電時間，令其最大充電效率高達81.3％，而在其整體施行使用上更增實用功效特性者。
Patent TW-202215429-A (TW)
Title: Ultralow power inference engine with external magnetic field programming assistance
Inventor: GROBIS MICHAEL
IPC: G11C11/4193
Filed: 2021-06-21
Abstract: An MRAM-based vector multiplication device, such as can be used for inferencing in a neural network, is presented that is ultralow power, low cost, and does not require special on-chip programming. A crosspoint array has an MRAM cell at each crosspoint junction and periphery array circuitry capable of supplying independent input voltages to each word line and reading current on each bit line. Vector multiplication is performed as an in-array multiplication of a vector of input voltages with matrix weight values encoded by the MRAM cell states. The MRAM cells can be individually programmed using a combination of input voltages and an external magnetic field. The external magnetic field is chosen so that a write voltage of one polarity reduces the anisotropy sufficiently to align the cell state with the external field, but is insufficient to align the cell if only half of the write voltage is applied.
Patent TW-202230712-A (TW)
Inventor: CHAVA BHARANI
IPC: H01L25/065
Filed: 2021-07-08
Abstract: 揭示採用正面（FS）後段製程（BEOL）（FS-BEOL）輸入/輸出（I/O）路由和背面（BS）BEOL（BS-BEOL）電力路由進行電流組織的積體電路（IC）以及相關的IC封裝和製造方法。IC包括設置在半導體層的第一面上的FS-BEOL金屬化結構和設置在半導體層的第二面上的BS-BEOL金屬化結構。FS-BEOL金屬化結構被配置為將I/O訊號路由到半導體裝置。IC的FS-BEOL金屬化結構亦被配置為接收電源訊號，該電源訊號被路由到半導體裝置。然而，為了避免將電源訊號經由FS-BEOL金屬化結構路由到半導體裝置的需要（增加了FS-BEOL金屬化結構的佈線密度和複雜性），將電源訊號從FS-BEOL金屬化結構路由到BS-BEOL金屬化結構和半導體裝置以用於供電。
Patent TW-202302077-A (TW)
Title: Zinc alcohol capable of quickly cleaning, sterilizing, disinfecting, and protecting the skin by forming a protective film in the case of refreshing, non-sticky and non-irritating
Inventor: HUANG LING-YU
IPC: A61K36/752
Filed: 2021-07-14
Abstract: The present invention relates to zinc alcohol, which contains a specific proportion of ethanol, nano zinc, nano silver, high gallic acid, hydrogen peroxide, nano carbon, squalene, eucalyptus essential oil, citrus essential oil, natural moisturizer, and deionized water. In the present invention, ethanol is used to be added with nano-zinc and deionized water, which is then put into the nano crystal ore storage tank after high-speed stirring and homogenization. After standing for 72 hours, the arrangement of the ingredient molecules is nano-sized, and then the liquid is stirred by a homogeneous mixer to remove the ingredients in ethanol that are harmful to human skin, which is further put into a high-frequency stirring tank for stirring, and is finally added with citrus essential oil and stirred at a high speed to form a preliminary zinc alcohol. Then, the preliminary zinc alcohol is combined with all the ingredients through all the process to complete formation of the zinc alcohol, which can quickly clean, sterilize, disinfect and protect the skin by forming a protective film in the case of refreshing, non-sticky and non-irritating.
Patent TW-202306208-A (TW)
Inventor: CHEN CHAO-YANG
IPC: G11C13/00
Filed: 2021-07-16
Abstract: 本發明公開一種可變電阻式記憶體以及可變電阻式記憶體的製作方法。一種可變電阻式記憶體的製作方法，包括：設置一第一電極層；設置一第一氧化層在第一電極層上；以擴散方式摻雜一第一摻雜物在第一氧化層中；設置一第二氧化層在第一氧化層上；以及設置一第二電極層。
Patent TW-202225373-A (TW)
Title: Emitting compound and organic light emitting device including the same
Inventor: CHOI SU-NA
IPC: H01L51/54
Filed: 2021-07-28
Abstract: Provided are an emitting compound represented by the following formula and an organic light emitting device including the same.
Patent TW-202309620-A (TW)
Inventor: CHEN HUNG-YIN
IPC: G09G3/32
Filed: 2021-08-18
Abstract: 一種顯示面板，包括第一元件基板、第二元件基板、多個第一封口材料以及多個第一色彩轉換材料。第一元件基板包括電路基板、第一擋牆結構以及多個發光元件。第一擋牆結構以及發光元件位於電路基板之上。第二元件基板重疊於第一元件基板。第一封口材料位於第一元件基板與第二元件基板之間。第一擋牆結構接觸第二元件基板，以於第一元件基板與第二元件基板之間定義出多個封閉的通道。第一部分的封閉的通道的其中一側各自具有被對應的第一封口材料封閉的第一開口。第一色彩轉換材料位於第一部分的封閉的通道中。
Patent TW-202225824-A (TW)
Title: Pellicle membrane for a lithographic apparatus
Inventor: VAN DER WOORD TIES WOUTER
IPC: G03F1/62
Filed: 2021-08-24
Abstract: A pellicle membrane for use in a lithographic apparatus, said pellicle membrane characterised by in-plane variation in composition is described. Also described is a method of manufacturing a pellicle membrane, said method including the steps of: a) providing a sacrificial layer on a substrate: b) providing a first material layer on the sacrificial layer; c) providing a photoresist layer on the first material layer; d) patterning the photoresist layer; e) etching the first material layer to form a patterned surface; and f) either i) depositing a layer of a second material on the patterned surface and subsequently lifting off the portion of the second material deposited on the patterned photoresist layer, or ii) removing the remaining photoresist layer, depositing a layer of a second material on the patterned surface, and subsequently planarizing the surface.