baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent IT-1274812-B (IT)
Title: Microwave device for thermal destruction of tanning sludge and fleshings and for preparing the soles of footwear
Inventor: BRECCIA FRATADOCCHI ALBERTO
IPC: A43B/
Filed: 1994-06-30
Granted: 1997-07-25
Abstract: A device for the dehydration and thermal destruction of tanning sludge and fleshings and for preparing soles for footwear, comprising a steel casing 1, provided with magnetron microwave generator sources 2 and a waveguide 3 to direct the microwaves, a steel conveyor belt 6 for moving trays 4 of light material which contain sludge or fleshings, in this case with a central separating partition 14 which is perforated for the collection of the dissolved fat. The conveyor belt comprises a circular overturning section 8 which can be raised from the outside for weighing the trays. For thermal destruction of the waste products, dielectric ceramic powders are poured on to the waste products after drying and weighing. For preparation of the soles, the tray is replaced with a Teflon mould 16 for modelling the sole and the ceramic powder distributor is replaced by the upper part of the cast-iron or steel mould 15 for pressing. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1252724-B (IT)
Title: Device for fixing the handle/plate assembly to door and window frames
Inventor: GHIDINI ROBERTO
IPC: E06B/
Filed: 1991-07-01
Granted: 1995-06-28
Abstract: The invention relates to a device for fixing a handle/plate assembly to a door or window frame, which comprises radial means 17 for fixing the shank of each handle to the square pin 14 and simultaneously pushing the shank of the handle against the respective plate for locking thereof, without screws, against the surface of the door or window frame, said radial fixing means consisting of a grub screw 17 applied to the shank of the handle and interacting with a slanting contact surface 18 formed on the square pin. Fig. 2 <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1262284-B (IT)
Title: Magazzino per sacchi vuoti.
IPC: B65B43/14
Filed: 1993-07-14
Granted: 1996-06-19
Abstract: L'invenzione ha per oggetto un magazzino per sacchi vuoti, provvisto di un trasportatore orizzontale a nastro (10). Su un lato è previsto un regolo di scontro (16), contro il quale i sacchi ordinati uno dopo l'altro in fila vengono fatti aderire per mezzo di un regolo allineatore (22) spostabile trasversalmente alla direzione di trasporto del trasportatore a nastro (10). Il magazzino per sacchi vuoti è provvisto inoltre di un dispositivo caricatore (24) che è spostabile - per mezzo di due attuatori a cilindro e stantuffo (25, 27) - nel senso di trasporto del trasportatore a nastro (10) ed in senso opposto. Il dispositivo caricatore (24) è costituito in sostanza da una parete reggisacchi piegata ad angolo nella sua parte superiore. Su questa parte piegata viene appoggiato un pacco di sacchi che viene rilevato per mezzo di un sensore. Successivamente, per effetto di un segnale generato dal sensore, la parete reggisacchi (26) viene spostata in senso opposto a quello di avanzamento dei sacchi, per cui il pacco di sacchi scivola e si alloggia nel vano libero formato con l'arretramento della parete reggisacchi.
Patent IT-1245159-B (IT)
Title: Procedimento per chiudere la camera di vaporizzazione di un ferro da stiro a vapore riscaldato elettricamente
Inventor: WALTER ROBERT
IPC: D06F75/10
Filed: 1991-02-14
Granted: 1994-09-13
Abstract: L'invenzione riguarda un procedimento per chiudere con un coperchio, mediante rivettatura, una camera di vaporizzazione di un ferro da stiro a vapore riscaldato elettricamente.
Patent IT-1245245-B (IT)
Title: Apparatus with improved structure for correct cleaning after dismantling of panels or boards made of wood normally used in the production of moulds for concrete products
Inventor: CIBIN EGIDIO
IPC: B08B/
Filed: 1991-03-26
Granted: 1994-09-13
Abstract: The invention concerns an apparatus with an improved structure for correct and complete cleaning after dismantling of panels or boards made of wood or other materials normally used in the production of moulds for concrete products.  The present apparatus comprises essentially a pair of counter-rotating cylindrical brushes with controllable spacing and provided with bristles made of synthetic or metallic fibres of adequate strength.  Downstream of these brushes a device capable of spreading a mist of special liquid on two faces of the treated panel is also provided and a pair of meshed elastic sheets capable of removing any excess liquid from said faces. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1248489-B (IT)
Title: Simulation and detection device in particular for microwave alarm systems
Inventor: SPAGOCCI FRANCO
IPC: G01R29/08
Filed: 1991-06-12
Granted: 1995-01-19
Abstract: A simulation and detection device in particular for microwave alarm systems, which comprises a receiving waveguide and a transmitting waveguide. The reception waveguide has a first active mixer component and a second active mixer component. The latter can be connected to a first modulation circuit. The transmitting waveguide has an active transmitting component which can be selectively connected to a second modulation circuit and to a third modulation circuit. The first mixer component is connected to a control circuit for operation of the active transmitting component. The control circuitry has output lines which can be connected to central control units and to control processors and input lines for manual control devices. An electrical power supply for the control circuitry is provided. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1248044-B (IT)
Title: Disposizione circuitale per il funzionamento di un motore sincrono polifase su una rete a tensione continua.
Inventor: FROEHLICH PETER
IPC: H02P6/08
Filed: 1991-06-12
Granted: 1995-01-05
Abstract: Una disposizione circuitale per il funzionamento di un motore sincrono con avvolgimento di indotto polifase (10) su una rete a tensione continua presenta un dispositivo interruttore, costituito di interruttori di potenza elettronici (13-15), per connettere successivamente le fasi dell'avvolgimento (u, v, w) alla tensione continua della rete, con un circuito logico di commutazione (16) per applicare con l'esatta sequenza segnali di comando agli interruttori elettronici (13-15) in corrispondenza con la posizione di rotazione del rotore ed un sensore per rilevare la posizione di rotazione del rotore, il quale rileva l'andamento dell'intensità di campo del campo di eccitazione durante la rotazione rotorica. Per produrre una commutazione anticipata, indipendente dal senso di rotazione del rotore (11), dal segnale del sensore viene ricavato un segnale di comando, in modo che l'interruttore associato alla fase dell'avvolgimento chiude nel fianco, di importo decrescente, dell'intensità di campo negativa del campo magnetico, mentre apre nel fianco decrescente dell'intensità di campo positiva (figura 1).
Patent IT-1254481-B (IT)
Title: Continuous press for the fabrication of wood chip panels, fibre board, laminated panels and the like, and method for the preparation of the rolling surfaces on the plates of such a press
Inventor: GAWLITTA WERNER
IPC: B30B5/04
Filed: 1992-02-28
Granted: 1995-09-25
Abstract: Continuous press for the fabrication of wood chip panels, fibre board, laminated panels and the like, with upper part and lower part of the press, as well as metal pressing bands, especially pressing bands of sheet steel, endlessly guided on driving drums and at least one control drum, which form a compression gap in the compression zone. The pressing bands are guided in the compression zone under a specific macroscopic predetermined pressure on revolving rods along the rolling surface of the plates of the press, especially heated plates. The plates of the press have rolling surfaces which have a Brinell hardness that is continuously decreasing or decreasing by zones as a function of the specific decreasing pressure in the direction of travel. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1263820-B (IT)
Title: Dispositivo di pesatura ad equilibrio elettromagnetico
IPC: G01G/
Filed: 1993-01-26
Granted: 1996-09-03
Abstract: Un dispositivo di pesatura insensibile alla gravità per bilance da tavolo, bilici e simili, comprendente un parallelogramma di Roberval (1) atto a ricevere il carico, una leva di misura del carico (3), una leva con carico di riferimento (5), entrambe equilibrate elettromagneticamente, mediante rispettive bobine (4, 6), e un giogo magnetico (10), in cui il parallelogramma di Roberval (1) comprende una leva (2) di riduzione del carico ricavata integralmente ad esso, e sostiene direttamente la leva di misura del carico (3), la leva (5) con carico di riferimento e detto giogo magnetico (10).
Patent IT-1272569-B (IT)
Title: Dispositivo di misurazione per misurare forze che si generano mentre si fissa un rotore su un albero conduttore di una macchina di controllo
Inventor: HIMMLER GUNTHER
IPC: G01N3/04
Filed: 1993-09-03
Granted: 1997-06-23
Abstract: Dispositivo di misurazione per misurare forze che si formano mentre si fissa un rotore su un albero conduttore di una macchina di controllo, in particolare di una macchina equilibratrice, in cui sono, o rispettivamente é previsto un dispositivo di misurazione di una forza di serraggio planare che agisce fra il rotore, od un corpo sostitutivo del rotore, ed una superficie d'appoggio dell'elemento di serraggio, estendentesi perpendicolarmente all'asse del rotore, e/o un dispositivo di misurazione delle forze di serraggio radiali che agiscono fra mezzi di serraggio agenti in senso radiale verso l'esterno ed il rotore, o rispettivamente il corpo sostitutivo del rotore.
Patent IT-1271696-B (IT)
Title: System for opening branches in pipes for fluids at pressure or under reduced pressure without interrupting the flow
Inventor: DE LA DEDICACION ROCHA ANGEL
IPC: F17B/
Filed: 1994-10-25
Granted: 1997-06-04
Abstract: System for opening branches in pipes for fluids at pressure or under reduced pressure without interrupting the flow, which consists of a tool which, when connected to a passage key [?] previously attached to a pipe by the use of an appropriately arranged ring nut, allows its insertion into the mouth of the open passage key [?], inside which passing [?] a cutting tool [?] 3, which perforates the pipe and allowing its withdrawal until the passage key [?] closes, ... the main body 1 of the device then withdrawing and it providing in its interior together with seals, joints for access to the interior and a centring ring 5. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1260002-B (IT)
Title: Apparatus for producing material in the form of polychrome granules for the manufacture of ceramic products
IPC: B28B/
Filed: 1992-09-25
Granted: 1996-03-28
Abstract: The present invention concerns an apparatus able to produce material in the form of polychrome granules for the manufacture of ceramic products. According to the invention, inside a treatment chamber there is arranged a system for transport or conveyance of the finely divided material from an entry or loading zone to an exit or unloading zone. In said entry zone there is arranged a loading mouth for introducing measured batches of solid material in powder form and a plurality of nozzles arranged to send measured quantities of coloured mixtures in the liquid state in contact with the mass of solid material. The same chamber is outfitted to perform an effective drying action on the material contained therein. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1253313-B (IT)
Title: Dispositivo di ancoraggio a scatto tra due profilati in particolare per il montaggio di telai di tamponamento sull' intelaiatura di strutture cosidette a facciata continua
Inventor: PEROTTI FRANCO
IPC: E04B/
Filed: 1991-07-25
Granted: 1995-07-14
Abstract: E' descritto un dispositivo di ancoraggio tra profilati comprendente un elemento elasticamente deformabile fissato ad uno dei profilati e suscettibile di accoppiamento a scatto con un'appendice sporgente dall'altro dei profilati, in cui l'appendice presenta all'estremità libera un cordolo ingrossato destinato ad essere rimovibilmente accolto a scatto in una sede a tasca definita nell'elemento elasticamente deformabile.
Patent IT-1249891-B (IT)
Title: Ruota di frizione per supporto oscillante ammortizzato
Inventor: BRANDENSTEIN MANFRED
IPC: F16H7/08
Filed: 1991-05-31
Granted: 1995-03-30
Abstract: Viene descritta una ruota di frizione per supporto oscillante ammortizzato di dispositivi di tensione con un corpo a tazza (9) presentante una superficie di attrito (17) e alloggiante una rondella di spinta (10) ed un elemento a molla (11). La rondella di spinta (10) è collegata mediante elementi di accoppiamento geometrico (14) con il corpo a tazza (9) e tra il fondo dello stesso e la rondella di spinta (10) è disposto l'elemento a molla (11).Figura 2.
Patent IT-1259758-B (IT)
Title: Drip press with orthogonal pressure (field mobile)
IPC: A01D/
Filed: 1992-04-29
Granted: 1996-03-26
Abstract: The machine that is the subject of the present invention is a tool for working on grapes at the collection stage in the vineyard, of the mobile type (on wheels 3), drawn or supported by a tractor or self-propelled, that first causes soft breaking of the grapes (with a special belt -11) followed by separation of the liquid part from the solid part by means of an orthogonal press 7 driven automatically by suitable means and with a tank 6 underneath for the must 20 and on top 5 for the solid part 22. The must is drawn off by a pump and outlet pipe 21, while the seeds are removed by a suitable conveyor belt 23. The grapes are continuously worked in small quantities, recently picked from the vines. Ref. Fig. 1 <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1262874-B (IT)
Title: Benna galleggiante idonea al caricamento di chiatte o bette ribaltabili
Inventor: ROHR WOLFGANG
IPC: B63B35/30
Filed: 1993-05-24
Granted: 1996-07-04
Abstract: Benna galleggiante per caricare chiatte per il trasporto di ghiaia o bette ribaltabili, con un corpo galleggiante sul quale è collocata un'impalcatura che si sviluppa al di sopra del corpo galleggiante e su detta impalcatura è prevista una benna mordente idraulica e a quattro funi munita di verricello, essendo previsto un corpo galleggiante chiuso (l), sull'impalcatura (2) essendo prevista una via di corsa (3) sporgente da entrambi i lati oltre l'intera larghezza del corpo galleggiante (1) e oltre il bordo (4) di detto corpo galleggiante, e sulla via di corsa (3) essendo applicato per lo meno un carrello di bunkeraggio (5) che viene posto in movimento al di sotto della benna mordente (7).
Patent IT-1253770-B (IT)
Title: Twin wheel with brake
Inventor: PARAZZOLO FRANCO
IPC: B60B/
Filed: 1991-10-08
Granted: 1995-08-23
Abstract: According to the invention, a twin wheel is realised comprising a cover 2 provided internally with a pair of wheels 7, 8, each applied to one of the two ends of a pin 6 between which a brake is arranged hinged to a fork 30 obtained in the cover 2 and provided with pins 14 which brake the wheels 7, 8 by contrast against projections 18 made on their inside. Said brake 9 is provided at each end with a countering surface 12, 13 protruding from the cover 2 and causes locking or release of the wheels 7,8 when a force 20, 25 is applied to one or to the other of the above-mentioned countering surfaces. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1258560-B (IT)
Title: Improvement in heat pumps operating in corrosive environments
Inventor: BAGGIO GIOCONDO
IPC: C14B/
Filed: 1992-03-18
Granted: 1996-02-27
Abstract: An improvement in heat pumps is provided in accordance with the invention which comprises: at least one compressor 3, at least one condensing unit 5 for cooling and dehumidifying the air leaving an environment 7 and at least one heating unit 8 for heating the air entering the same environment 7, both being operatively connected to the compressor's cooling fluid circuit 4, at least one fan 10 for circulating air through units 5, 8 and environment 7 in a closed circuit. Each unit 5, 8 is operatively connected to cooling fluid circuit 4 through at least one  heat exchanger 51, 81 provided with first exchanger means 52, 82 connected in series with cooling fluid circuit 4 which effect heat exchange with second exchanger means 53, 83 connected to the corresponding unit 5, 8 with which they form a further closed circuit 56, 86 which is separate from cooling fluid circuit 4. <IMAGE>
Patent PT-101309-B (PT)
Inventor: JAEN JOSE BOIX
IPC: B31B3/44
Filed: 1993-07-15
Abstract: Carbon forming apparatus which can be adjusted for boxes of different sizes comprises four corner forming elements (1) which are movable longitudinally and transversely. The adjustment of length is achieved as a result of the corners (1) being assembled on bushings (4) threaded on spindles (5), each one of the latter having two sections threaded different handedly. The adjustment of width is achieved by movement of said forming corners (1) along linear guides (8) upon which corresponding bridges slide. Forming corners (1) are also provided with means (10, 12) retaining the box during its formation and pressing means (13) for gluing of the corresponding laps. <IMAGE>
Patent PT-105982-B (PT)
Title: Composição e método de preparação a frio de uma emulsão utilizada como veículo de fármacos anti-inflamatórios
Inventor: RIBEIRO HELENA MARGARIDA
IPC: B01F3/08
Filed: 2011-11-03
Abstract: ESTA INVENÇÃO ESTÁ RELACIONADA COM FORMULAÇÕES PARA APLICAÇÃO TÓPICA. ESTAS FORMULAÇÕES CONTÊM FÁRMACOS ANTI- INFLAMATÓRIOS. AS EMULSÕES PARA APLICAÇÃO TÓPICA SÃO CONVENCIONALMENTE FABRICADAS POR UM PROCESSO DE EMULSIFICAÇÃO A QUENTE. ESTE PROCESSO ENVOLVE UMA FASE DE AQUECIMENTO E OUTRA DE ARREFECIMENTO, ESTA ÚLTIMA FASE AFECTA SIGNIFICATIVAMENTE AS CARACTERÍSTICAS ESTRUTURAIS DA EMULSÃO BEM COMO O PROCESSO DE TRANSPOSIÇÃO DE ESCALA. AS EMULSÕES DESCRITAS NESTA INVENÇÃO SÃO FABRICADAS POR UM PROCESSO A FRIO, OU SEJA NÃO É NECESSÁRIO NEM AQUECIMENTO NEM ARREFECIMENTO, SENDO O PROCESSO DE EMULSIFICAÇÃO MAIS RÁPIDO, EFICIENTE E ECONOMICAMENTE VANTAJOSO, O PROCESSO DE TRANSPOSIÇÃO DE ESCALA TAMBÉM ESTÁ FACILITADO UMA VEZ QUE MODIFICAÇÕES A NÍVEL ESTRUTURAL SÃO MAIS FÁCEIS DE PREVER. AS FORMULAÇÕES SÃO UTILIZADAS COMO VEÍCULOS PARA O TRATAMENTO DE DIFERENTES ESTADOS DA PELE DEVIDO À SUA EFICÁCIA E FACILIDADE DE UTILIZAÇÃO EM GRANDES EXTENSÕES CUTÂNEAS.
Patent PT-115055-B (PT)
Title: Utilização de napiradiomicinas com atividade anti-incrustante e suas composições.
Inventor: VITOR MANUEL DE OLIVEIRA E VASCONCELOS
IPC: C07D493/00
Filed: 2018-10-04
Abstract: O PRESENTE PEDIDO DESCREVE A UTILIZAÇÃO DE COMPOSTOS PERTENCENTES À FAMÍLIA NAPIRADIOMICINA NA INIBIÇÃO DA INCRUSTAÇÃO DE MICRORGANISMOS E MACRORGANISMOS MARINHOS A SUPERFÍCIES EM CONTACTO COM A ÁGUA, SEM COMPROMETER VIABILIDADE DOS ORGANISMOS. ESTES COMPOSTOS IMPEDEM A INCRUSTAÇÃO DE DIFERENTES ORGANISMOS MARINHOS, APRESENTANDO AINDA BAIXO EFEITO NOCIVO PARA OS ECOSSISTEMAS MARINHOS. DESTA FORMA, ESTES COMPOSTOS PODEM SER USADOS EM COMPOSIÇÕES DE TINTAS, VERNIZES, PRIMÁRIOS E SELANTES, PARA SUPERFÍCIES EM CONTACTO COM ÁGUA, COMO AGENTES ANTI-INCRUSTANTES, E COMO UMA ALTERNATIVA VANTAJOSA À UTILIZAÇÃO DE BIOCIDAS INCLUINDO COMPOSTOS DE COBRE.
Patent RO-90911-B (RO)
Inventor: TAMAS ANA
IPC: C04B33/24
Filed: 1984-09-18
Abstract: Inventia se refera la o compozitie ceramica pentru placi de faianta glazurata, utilizata la placarea peretilor interiori pe baza de caolin, argila, nisip, talc, deseuri de faianta si roca calcaroasa.
Patent TW-205599-B (TW)
Title: Verfahren zum herstellen einer gie墏arzspule sowie eine gie墏arzspule
Inventor: FRIEDRICH ALBER
IPC: H01F7/06
Filed: 1992-03-06
Granted: 1993-05-11
Abstract: Zum Herstellen einer aus mehreren axial aneinandergeschichteten Scheibenspulen (17) bestehenden Gie墏arzspule (1) wird vorgeschlagen, zunhst die jeweiligen Scheibenspulen (17) durch Wickeln einer inneren ersten und einer 墈ren zweiten Teilwicklung (3,5) und unter Zwischen fung von einzelnen Abstandskpern (11,11a,11b), durch die sektorfmige Zwischenrme gebildet werden, herzustellen. Die einzelnen Scheibenspulen (17) werden dann axial aneinanderge ft und mit ihren Zwischenrmen deckungsgleich ausgerichtet, so daaxiale Klkane (9) entstehen. In diese werden jeweils Formkper eingefrt. Es folgt der Verguder aneinandergeften Scheibenspulen (17). Nach dem Aushten des Gie墏arzes werden die Formkper aus den Klkanen (9) entfernt. Eine derartig herstellte Gie墏arzspule (1) weist bevorzugt im Bereich der Klkane (9) eine durchtrkbare Materiallage (7a,7b) auf, durch die die Wandstke der Klkane (9) zu den jeweiligen Bandleitern (13a) vorgegeben ist.
Patent TW-374778-B (TW)
Title: New water-soluble and biodegradable carbonic acid polyester and the use thereof as preparation and lubricating agents for synthetic yarns having lower curing point, better consistency at room temperature, better hydrophilic property, and lubrication and biodegradation actions
Inventor: GOOSSENS BERNHARD
IPC: D01F6/86
Filed: 1992-05-08
Granted: 1999-11-21
Abstract: Water-soluble, biodegradable carbonic acid polyester having the following general formula, wherein R1 is straight or branched chain having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, saturated, or mono-unsaturated alkyl residual radical, R2 is hydrogen or methyl, R3 is hydrogen or (formula), n is an integer from 0 to 10, m is an integer from 5 to 16, z is an integer from 1 to 6, and the use thereof as preparation and lubricating agents for synthetic yarns.
Patent TW-208678-B (TW)
Title: Method of making keys of a keyboard
Inventor: YOU JONG-HUANG
IPC: B29C45/14
Filed: 1993-03-12
Granted: 1993-07-01
Abstract: Method of making keys of a keyboard comprising: printing symbols on a polyester plate invertedly; covering the plate with a colored layer; placing the plate in a mold and pressing the mold at high pressure and temperature to form the keys; cutting the connecting area among keys; adhering each key on a soft rubber layer.
Patent TW-239128-B (TW)
IPC: C07D209/60
Filed: 1994-01-04
Granted: 1995-01-21
Abstract: The areno(e)indols have the formula (I). The methods comprises: (a) reacting (VI) with an aldehyde Ar''-CHO to obtain (VII); (b) oxidizing (VII) to yield the cetone (VIII); (c) reating (VIII) with a strong base and thereafter with an acyle chloride CICOR, to produce (IX); (d) subjecting to a photochemical cyclization (IX) to produce (I). In said formulas Ar is phenyl or substituted phenyl; Ar' is a radical (i) or )ii); R is an acyle group, Ar'' is a phenyl, pyrolyl, furanyl or thiophenyl group substituted up to three times by any of the radicals R, R<1>, R<2>, or R<3>. The compounds (I) are useful as intermediates in the synthesis of hexahydroareno(e)cyclopropa(c)indol-4-ones with antitumoral activity.
Patent TW-252042-B (TW)
Title: Injectable pharmaceutical composition containing piroxicam potassium
Inventor: YOUNG SUI KIM
IPC: A61K31/54
Filed: 1994-01-25
Granted: 1995-07-21
Abstract: The present invention relates to an injectable piroxicam potassium composition which is stable and painless. More particularly, the present invention relates to a stable and painless piroxicam potassium injectable composition containing piroxicam potassium, triethylene glycol as a solvent and stabilizer, lidocaine as an analgesic and distilled water for injection, especially containing 40ml of triethylene glycol, 1.0g of lidocaine and distilled water for injection sufficient to make the total volume of 100ml, with respect to 2.275g of piroxicam potassium.
Patent TW-289748-B (TW)
IPC: C03C17/34
Filed: 1994-05-10
Granted: 1996-11-01
Abstract: A coated article and method of producing it are disclosed wherein the iridescence caused by the difference between the refractive index of a transparent substrate and the refractive index of a metal oxide coating is reduced by means of two intermediate layers, the first of which, closest to the substrate, has a refractive index higher than the refractive index of the substrate but lower than the refractive index of the second, and the second has a refractive index higher than the refractive index of the first but lower than the refractive index of the metal oxide coating. The thicknesses of the two intermediate layers for optimizing a neutral appearance are determined by the thickness and refractive index of the metal oxide coating.