Patent GB-803382-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in vapour generators
Inventor: WOOTTON WILLIAM ROBERT
IPC: G21C1/00
Filed: 1955-11-11
Abstract: 803,382. Steam boilers combined with nuclear reactors. BABCOCK & WILCOX. Ltd. Nov. 8, 1956 [Nov. 11, 1955], No. 32300/55. Class 123(2) [Also in Group XL(a)] A steam generator having as a source of heat a nuclear reactor is housed with the reactor in a common pressure vessel. In the form shown in Fig. 1, the complete steam generator 1 is supported by a massive. cylindrical, concrete structure 2 part of  which serves as a biological shield for a nuclear reactor 3, the structure having a thick transverse floor 5 covered with steel plates and below which is disposed a fuel element handling room 6 in which operates a handling vehicle 6. The generator 1 includes a pressure vessel 10 of circular cross section having a lower part 10A of larger diameter than the upper part 10B, an upper part 13 of the structure 2 extending inwardly above the part 10A whilst a thickened part of the structure is provided around the upper section of the part 10A in the region of maximum radiation from the reactor. The nuclear reactor, which is of the graphite moderated, carbon-dioxide gas cooled, natural uranium type, is formed with a large number of vertical holes 15 in which are disposed fuel elements in such manner that annular gas flow passages are provided thereabouts and is supported on a grillage 20 mounted on brackets 21 welded to the pressure vessel wall. A biological shield 26 built up from hollow steel blocks filled with concrete is arranged above the reactor so as to leave an annular gas flow space 30 between the shield periphery and the inner surface of the pressure vessel part 10A, the space 30 having an annular downward continuation 30A between an apron 31 surrounding the reactor and the vessel wall. The shield 26 is formed with gas channels 33 of chevron form to ensure effective  screening of the upper part of the pressure vessel and has about its upper periphery a shield ring 36 from which a sheet metal baffle 37 extends upwardly coaxially with the pressure vessel part 10B, the cross sec-  tion of the baffle changing from a circle at the ring 36 to a square within the part 10B  wherein it forms a central gas pass 39. The stream of gas flowing up within the pass 39 is reversed in a space 40 and flows down  outside the baffle in opposite segmental passages 41, then passing into and through  the spaces 30, 30A and upwardly through the reactor to re-enter the pass in a heated  condition. The gas is circulated by axial flow fans 91 which withdraw it from the upper part of each of the passages 41 and deliver it into the lower part thereof. Within the pass 39 are tube banks forming a superheater 44, a steam generating section 48 and an economizer 52, feed-water being supplied to the latter through a pipe 67. The heated feed-water is delivered from the economizer into a steam and water drum 69 whence it is withdrawn by a pump 71 which circulates it through the steam generating section 48 and back to the drum wherein steam is separated. The steam flows from the drum through the superheater 44 to the final outlet header 46. A louvred tray 95 connected to a header 98 is provided under the superheater 44 to collect and drain any condensate falling from the tube banks when the boiler is being started up. In a modification, the pressure vessel is of spherical form and contains a generator of the once-through type. In either form the biological shield may be located wholly within the pressure vessel.