Patent GB-1123117-A (GB)
Title: Electric field device
IPC: G02F1/133
Filed: 1966-06-08
Abstract: 1,123,117. Light modulators; colour television. WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORP. 8 June, 1966 [29 June, 1965], No. 25452/66. Heading H4F. [Also in Divisions G1 and H1] An electric field responsive device comprises a cholesteric phase liquid crystal film disposed between a pair of electrodes which exhibits a change in optical properties in response to electric fields. The optical properties of the cholesteric liquid crystal film utilised in the embodiments described are selective scattering i.e. the light transmitted through the film is complementary to light scattered, selective transmission, optical activity and circular dichroism. Examples of liquid crystal materials of the cholesteric phase are given in the specification. In a first embodiment, Fig. 2, utilising the selective scattering properties, the liquid crystal layer 10 is disposed between on the one side a conductive layer 12, an insulating layer 14 and a light absorbing layer 23, and on the other side a conductive layer 16 and a support layer 18. On application of a potential across-layer 10 the light from a white light source 25 is selectively scattered back from layer 10 in accordance with the voltage applied e.g. with no voltage red light is scattered to an observer, with a field of 6 volts per micron across layer 10 green light is scattered and with a field of 12 volts per micron blue light is scattered, Figs. 3 and 4, not shown. This device may be used as a volt meter or in a high resolution and fast display system since only fields in the direction of the liquid crystal axis are effective. In a second embodiment, Fig. 6, the device is incorporated in a cathode ray storage tube and comprises a conductive layer 48, the liquid crystal layer 50, a black coating 52 and a dielectric layer 54, on the inner surface of the face plate 40 of the tube. During operation an electron beam is directed on to the dielectric layer 54 and due to the influence of a conductive mesh 56 generates a charge pattern at the surface corresponding to a video signal applied to the grid 47 of electron gun 46. This charge pattern establishes an electric field across layer 50 and thus varies the colour of the scattered light from a white light source 58. Any means of providing a charge image on layer 54 will display a colour image with the colour dependent upon the magnitude of the electric field e.g. a plurality of horizontal and vertical conductors with associated switches. By using a monochromatic light source a single colour on a black background is produced. In a third embodiment, Fig. 7, a radiation image converter comprises a glass support member 70 having a conductive coating 72, a photoconductive layer 74, a cholesteric liquid crystal layer 76, a conductive coating 78 and a support member 80. Layers 70 and 72 are transmissive to the radiation input and layers 78 and 80 are transmissive to light radiations from white light source 82. In operation the photoconductive layer 74 becomes conductive and forms a conductivity image corresponding to the radiation image and thus more voltage from source 88 or source 92 is applied across the liquid crystal layer 76 varying its light scattering properties. In a fourth embodiment, Fig. 8, not shown, the transmission properties of a light control structure of the kind shown in Fig. 6 without absorbing layer 52 is used, the structure being positioned within a cathode-ray tube and the light transmitted is focused on to a viewing screen. If the viewing light source comprises red light, then with no voltage applied by the video signal modulated electron beam only 50% of the light is transmitted but as the voltage increases more red light is transmitted. If the viewing light source is circularly polarized then 100% of the light would be reflected with no voltage. A multicolour projection television system may be obtained by providing systems with red, blue and green light sources, the coloured images being projected simultaneously or sequentially on to the screen. By positioning the light control structure between crossed polarizers the optical activity i.e. rotational property of the liquid crystal layer may be used. In a fifth embodiment, Fig. 10, not shown, a light control structure of the kind shown in Fig. 7 has focused thereon ultraviolet light emitted from a flying spot scanner and by varying the amplitude of the electric field applied across the cholosteric liquid crystal layer the colour of the screen when viewed by a white light source is varied. By varying the D.C. potential across the liquid crystal layer a field sequential type colour display may be provided and the particular colour selected in each field may be intensity modulated by video signals also applied across the liquid crystal layer. The colour may be changed from line-to-line or element-to-element. The video signals may be applied to the flying spot scanner instead of to the liquid crystal layer. A piezoelectric layer may be used to generate the electric field necessary to activate the liquid crystal layer and thus sound or other mechanical energy may be detected and converted to a visible pattern.