Patent GB-1118741-A (GB)
Title: Aldehyde fixation of cellulosic material or starch
IPC: D21H17/59
Filed: 1965-05-25
Abstract: An aldehyde is fixed on starch by applying to the starch an aqueous composition containing (1) and aldehyde and a carbamate having the formula <FORM:1118741/C3/1> (2) an aldehyde-carbamate condensation product in which the carbamate has the formula <FORM:1118741/C3/2> or (3) an aldehyde and an aldehyde-carbamate condensation product in which the carbamate has the formula <FORM:1118741/C3/3> in which R1 and R3 are each hydrogen or alkyl or carbocyclic aryl radicals at least one of R1 and R3 representing a hydrogen atom in the case of an aldehyde carbamate condensation product, and R2 is an unsubstituted alkyl or a cycloalkyl or carbocyclic aryl radical, and then heating the treated material at a temperature sufficient to fiz the aldehyde on the starch but insufficient to cause any substantial nitrogen fixation.  Suitable aldehydes are formaldehyde, glyoxal, pyruvic aldehyde, glutaraldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde and hydroxyadipaldehyde and sources of formaldehyde, e.g. para-formaldehyde, trioxane and hexamethylene tetramine.  When utilizing an aldehyde-alkylcarbamate condensation product the heating may be effected at a temperature not above 300 DEG  F. but with a mixture of an aldehyde and a carbamate temperatures as high as 350 DEG  or 400 DEG  F. may be employed.  The mole ratio of aldehyde to carbamate may be at least 3:1.  The aqueous composition may also contain an acid or latent acid catalyst, e.g. formic acid, hydrochloric acid, ammonium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, zinc nitrate, zinc chloride or zinc fluoroborate, or an alkaline catalyst, e.g. sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.ALSO:Cellulosic fibres are crease proofed and shrink proofed and p  their swelling properties are reduced and their wet strength properties improved by treating them with an aqueous composition containing (1) an aldehyde and a carbamate having the formula <FORM:1118741/D1-D2/1> (2) an aldehyde-carbamate condensation product in which the carbamate has the formula <FORM:1118741/D1-D2/2> or (3) an aldehyde and an aldehyde-carbamate condensation product in which the carbamate has the formula <FORM:1118741/D1-D2/3> in which R1 and R3 are each hydrogen or alkyl or carbocyclic aryl radicals at least one of R1 and R3 representing a hydrogen atom in the case of an aldehyde-carbamate condensation product, and R2 is an unsubstituted alkyl or a cycloalkyl or carbocyclic aryl radical, and then heating the treated fibres at a temperature sufficient to fix the aldehyde on the fibres but insufficient to cause any substantial nitrogen fixation.  Suitable aldehydes are formaldehyde, glyoxal, pyryvic aldehyde, glutaraldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde and hydroxyadipaldehyde and sources of formaldehyde e.g. para formaldehyde, trioxane and hexamethylene tetramine. When utilizing an aldehyde-alkyl carbamate condensation product the heating may be effected at a temperature not above 300 DEG F but with a mixture of an aldehyde and a carbamate temperatures as high as 350 DEG  or 400 DEG F may be employed.  The mole ratio of aldehyde to carbamate may be at least 3:1.  The aqueous composition may also contain an acid or latent acid catalyst, e.g. formic acid, hydrochloric acid, ammonium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, zinc nitrate, zinc chloride, or zinc fluoroborate, or an alkaline catalyst, e.g. sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, wetting agents, e.g. a nonyl phenolethylene oxide condensate, hand modifiers, softeners, e.g. sulphonated tallow, or dimethyl polysiloxane oil, acrylicpolymers, polyvinyl alcohol and brighteners.  The treated fibres may be subsequently treated with additional catalyst, sodium metabisulphite and softener and dried and in the case of fabrics then creased and pressed.  Paper or cotton, viscose rayon, cuprammonium rayon, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate-butyrate or cellulose acetate-propionate fibres alone or in admixture with polyester, acrylic, nylon, polypropylene, propylene-ethylene copolymer, spandex or vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer fibres may be treated.  The examples refer to the treatment of fabrics comprising a viscose rayon non woven web or polypropylene-viscose rayon non woven web needled into a polypropylene or cotton scrim and palmered and calendered.