baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent JP-2023033408-A (JP)
Title: Simplified Parameter Derivation for Intra Prediction
IPC: H04N19/186
Filed: 2023-01-12
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for video processing with simplified parameter derivation for intra prediction. 
     SOLUTION: A method for image processing includes the steps of determining a parameter of a cross-component linear model fully determinable by two chroma samples and two corresponding luma samples for conversion between a current video block of a video that is a chroma block and a coded representation of the video, and performing the transformation on the basis of the determination. 
     SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 21 
     COPYRIGHT: (C)2023,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2023058539-A (JP)
Title: spinal cord stimulator
IPC: A61N1/36
Filed: 2023-01-27
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a system and a method for new spinal cord stimulation. 
     SOLUTION: A spinal cord stimulator comprises: a pulse generator which has an electronic circuit configured to generate an output current; at least one lead which communicates with the generator, and extends in an epidural space of a spine of the patient; at least one electrode contact which is arranged proximate to a distal end of the at least one lead, and provides an electric stimulation to a part of a spinal cord of the patient; and at least one sensor configured to identify, a distance between the at least one lead and a surface of the spinal cord of the patient, and is arranged along the at least one lead. The generator receives the identified distance, the generator adjusts a stimulation provided by the at least one electrode contact, on the basis of the identified distance. 
     SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1 
     COPYRIGHT: (C)2023,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2023120157-A (JP)
Title: Method and apparatus for controlling movement of outer body panel of motor vehicle
Inventor: STEFANO GALAFASSI
IPC: E05F15/622
Filed: 2023-02-07
Abstract: To provide a method and an apparatus for controlling the movement of a whole outer body panel which is simple, reliable, and reproducible.SOLUTION: A method for controlling the movement of a hood (3) or of an outer body panel of a motor vehicle (1), includes the steps of acquiring a first input signal relating to a first quantity indicative of a current position of the hood (3) or of the outer body panel, determining a first reference signal corresponding to a target speed for the movement of the hood (3) or of the outer body panel, determining a first control signal as a function of the determined first reference signal, updating the first control signal as a function of the acquired first input signal, thereby obtaining a second control signal for controlling an actuator apparatus (5), and controlling the actuator apparatus (5) with the second control signal.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2
Patent JP-2023052946-A (JP)
Title: Compositions and methods comprising substituted 2-aminoimidazoles
IPC: A61K31/4439
Filed: 2023-02-07
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide 2-(acylamino)imidazoles with therapeutic activity, including selective activity against cancer cells, and compositions comprising them. 
     SOLUTION: The present invention provides 2-(acylamino)imidazoles with therapeutic activity, including selective activity against cancer cells, and compositions comprising them. Methods of using and preparing the 2-(acylamino)imidazoles are also provided. 
     SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3 
     COPYRIGHT: (C)2023,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2023053076-A (JP)
Title: game machine
IPC: A63F7/02
Filed: 2023-02-08
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a game machine capable of maintaining interest in a game. 
     SOLUTION: A pachinko machine 1 has a start pocket capable of receiving game balls hit into a game area 5a. When a game ball enters the start pocket, determination processing regarding winning is performed. Thereafter, variable display corresponding to a result of the determination processing is started and, if a winning pattern is displayed in the variable display, a winning game is executed. Accordingly, the pachinko machine 1 can perform a special performance as a performance associated with operation means. 
     SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 60 
     COPYRIGHT: (C)2023,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2023060019-A (JP)
Title: Methods and means for the production of ig-like molecules
IPC: C12N1/15
Filed: 2023-02-28
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide methods and means for the production of Ig-like molecules, relating to the fields of molecular biology, medicine and biological therapeutics, particularly the field of therapeutic antibodies for the treatment of various diseases. 
     SOLUTION: The invention provides means and methods for producing one or more Ig-like molecules in a single host cell. Novel CH3 mutations enabling the production of monospecific and/or bispecific Ig-like molecules of interest are also provided. 
     SELECTED DRAWING: None 
     COPYRIGHT: (C)2023,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2023081977-A (JP)
Title: Techniques for dialysis based on relative blood volume
Inventor: DORIS H FUERTINGER
IPC: G16H20/00
Filed: 2023-03-08
Abstract: To provide a dialysis system, and more specifically, techniques for controlling aspects of a dialysis process, such as an ultrafiltration rate, based on the relative blood volume.SOLUTION: Systems, methods and/or apparatuses may be operative to perform a dialysis process using RBV-based UF control. Embodiments may include methods operative to receive RBV target information comprising population-based dialysis data of real patient outcomes of a patient population associated with a patient, determine an RBV value of the patient during the dialysis process, and determine UF information to control a UF pump of the dialysis device to maintain the RBV value within a target RBV range defined by the RBV target information.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2023158636-A (JP)
Title: Icon providing method and icon providing system
Inventor: YI WU-SEUM
IPC: G06F16/909
Filed: 2023-03-23
Abstract: To provide a method and a system for providing a location-based content-linking icon based on a content category, and a computer-readable recording medium.SOLUTION: A method includes: generating, by a user device, location information and transmitting the location information to a server (S401); querying, by a matching module of the server, a discussion-topic database according to the location information in terms of software, so as to match one or more location-based discussion topics within a geographic range, and acquiring one or more location-related audiovisual contents within the geographic range (S403); acquiring discussion-topic linking icons related to the locations through the matching, and acquiring audiovisual content linking icons so as to be transmitted to the user device over a network (S405); and providing a topic-discussion page based on a selection of the user (S407).SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4
Patent JP-2023143885-A (JP)
Title: Solar power generation sheet
Inventor: UNO TOMOHITO
IPC: H01L31/048
Filed: 2023-03-24
Abstract: To make it possible to mitigate the effects of thermal expansion and contraction.SOLUTION: A solar power generation sheet 1 includes a back sheet 11 arranged to oppose an installation surface 4, a barrier sheet 17 provided on the opposite side of the back sheet 11 and having translucency, a plurality of power generation units 7 provided between the back sheet 11 and the barrier sheet 17, and a second region R2 that is formed from the rear surface of the back sheet 11 to the front surface of the barrier sheet 17 and at least portion of which is located between a pair of adjacent power generation parts 7 of a plurality of power generation parts 7 in a plan view.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3
Patent JP-2023145418-A (JP)
Title: Acid-modified polyester-based resin, laminate and biodegradable adhesive
Inventor: SAKA TAKAHIRO
IPC: C08G64/42
Filed: 2023-03-28
Abstract: To provide an acid-modified polyester-based resin which can obtain a laminate excellent in appearance, in the laminate that is excellent in melt moldability and contains a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin layer and a biodegradable resin layer.SOLUTION: An acid-modified polyester-based resin is produced by grafting an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid and/or its anhydride (X) to an aliphatic-aromatic polyester-based resin including an aliphatic diol unit, an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid unit and an aromatic dicarboxylic acid unit, wherein the melt flow rate (210°C and load of 2,160 g) of the acid-modified polyester-based resin is 1.4-15 g/10 min, and the content of the α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid and/or its anhydride (X) with respect to 100 pts.mass of the aliphatic-aromatic polyester-based resin is 0.0001-0.8 pts.mass.SELECTED DRAWING: None
Patent JP-2023153004-A (JP)
Title: Powder coating material, coating film and article
Inventor: YOSHIIE YUMI
IPC: C09D127/18
Filed: 2023-03-30
Abstract: To provide a powder coating material capable of obtaining a coating film having excellent abrasion resistance at 60°C, low water vapor permeability, low chemical solution permeability, tensile creep resistance at 230°C and durability against tensile force applied at 180°C.SOLUTION: There is provided a powder coating material containing a copolymer containing a tetrafluoroethylene unit and a perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) unit, wherein the content of the perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) unit of the copolymer is 5.0 to 6.2 mass% based on the total monomer units, the copolymer has a melt flow rate at 372°C of 20.0 to 35.0 g/10 min and the number of the functional groups of the copolymer is 100 or less per 106 main chain carbon atoms.SELECTED DRAWING: None
Patent JP-2023156238-A (JP)
Title: Pulse width control device and method
Inventor: LAI YI-AN
IPC: H03K7/08
Filed: 2023-03-31
Abstract: To provide a pulse width control device and method.SOLUTION: A logic circuit system that generates a pulse width modulated signal having a specific operating period includes a square wave generator that delays an input square wave signal to generate a plurality of square wave signals, and a logic device that performs a logic operation of generating a pulse width modulated signal having an operating period corresponding to two square wave signals of the square wave signals on two square wave signals.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3A
Patent JP-2023073504-A (JP)
Title: Bicyclic Aza Compounds as Muscarinic M1 Receptor Agonists
IPC: C07D491/107
Filed: 2023-04-03
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide compounds that are agonists of the muscarinic M1 receptor and/or M4 receptor and which are useful in the treatment of muscarinic M1/M4 receptor mediated diseases. 
     SOLUTION: Provided also are pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds and the therapeutic uses of the compounds. The compounds include those according to formula 1, or a salt thereof, where Q, R 1 , R 2 , R 3  and R 4  are as defined herein. The present invention provides compounds that show selectivity to the M1 receptor and/or M4 receptor compared to the M2 and M3 receptor subtypes. 
     SELECTED DRAWING: None 
     COPYRIGHT: (C)2023,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2023093551-A (JP)
Title: Analysis method
Inventor: KUDO YASUHIKO
IPC: G01N30/88
Filed: 2023-04-05
Abstract: To provide an analysis method that more efficiently analyzes the substance to be analyzed when it is possible that the substance to be analyzed is generated by decomposition of other substances at the time of analysis.SOLUTION: The analysis method is a method for analyzing two substances in a sample that contains a second substance which is generated by decomposition of a first substance. This method includes: performing the analysis of the sample and a compound having a known concentration and detecting the first and second substances and the compound; calculating, on the basis of data obtained by detection and a relative response coefficient regarding the first substance and the compound, the strength or concentration of the first substance that is obtained from the data; and generating information pertaining to the quantity or concentration of the second substance, except a second substance generated from the first substance at the time of analysis, on the basis of the strength or concentration of the first substance.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2
Patent JP-2023160751-A (JP)
Title: ユニークな給油配置のジャーナル軸受
IPC: F01D25/16
Filed: 2023-04-06
Abstract: 【課題】構成の異なる複数のタービンエンジンからなるタービンフリート全体でレトロフィットによって均一な供給配置をもたらす。【解決手段】ジャーナル軸受アセンブリ（１００）の第２の側（２１０）に外部給油ポート（２２０）を形成し、第１の側（２００）の内部給油ポート（２５０）と連通する供給穴（２４０）から第２の側（２１０）の外部給油ポート（２２０）まで接続穴（２３０）を穴あけ加工することによって、外部給油ポート（２２０）をジャーナル軸受アセンブリ（１００）の第１の側（２００）から第２の側（２１０）に移動する。ジャーナル軸受アセンブリ（１００）は、外側シェル（１５０）と、外側シェル（１５０）の第１の側（２００）の内部給油ポート（２５０）と、外側シェル（１５０）の第２の側（２１０）にある外部給油ポート（２２０）と、内部給油ポート（２５０）及び外部給油ポート（２２０）と連通する接続穴（２３０）とを含む。【選択図】図３
Patent JP-2023093772-A (JP)
Title: Heat-shield panel and prefabricated building
Inventor: YUKAWA ATSUSHI
IPC: E04C2/26
Filed: 2023-05-08
Abstract: To provide a heat-shield panel constituted so as to have a heat-shield function and a thermal insulation function and to provide a prefabricated building constructed by lining up a plurality of the heat-shield panels alongside one another.SOLUTION: A heat-shield panel 1 comprises a pair of sheets 10, 20 and an enclosed space 30. The pair of sheets 10, 20 have an exposed front surface and a rear surface facing the front surface, with a gap interposed therebetween. At least one of the sheets 10, 20 is formed from a heat-shield sheet 12. The enclosed space 30 is provided between the pair of sheets 10, 20. The enclosed space 30 is provided by spacers 31 which are interposed between the pair of sheets 10, 20. A fluid such as air is sealed within the enclosed space 30. This prefabricated building 5 is constructed by having outer walls and/or a roof constructed of one of the heat-shield panels 1 of this invention.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5
Patent JP-2023168309-A (JP)
Title: 複数のモジュールの間にデータを伝送するためのシステム及び方法
IPC: G06F21/62
Filed: 2023-05-11
Abstract: 【課題】ハードウェア保護メカニズムに基づいて共有メモリを介した複数モジュール間の安全なデータ通信を実現し、自動運転の安全性を確保するシステム及び方法を提供する。【解決手段】システムは、複数のモジュールの間に伝送されるデータを記憶する第１の記憶ユニットと、複数のモジュールの識別情報及び複数のモジュールによる第１の記憶ユニットに対する読み取り操作及び／又は書き込み操作の権限情報を記憶する第２の記憶ユニットと、第１の記憶ユニット、第２の記憶ユニット及び複数のモジュールに接続され、且つ、第２の記憶ユニットに記憶されている識別情報及び権限情報に基づいて複数のモジュールによる第１の記憶ユニットに対する読み取り操作及び／又は書き込み操作を制御する制御モジュールと、を含む。複数のモジュールは、制御ユニットの制御下で第１の記憶ユニットに対して読み取り操作及び／又は書き込み操作を実行し、データを伝送する。【選択図】図２
Patent JP-2023099756-A (JP)
Title: Game machine
Inventor: UNABARA SHINYA
IPC: A63F7/02
Filed: 2023-05-25
Abstract: To provide a game machine characterized by its performance.SOLUTION: Pattern display means of a game machine can derive and display a pattern according to a result of winning or losing determination. A first time shortening game state ends when a losing pattern is derived and displayed a first number of times as a result of the execution of variable display of the pattern. A second time shortening game state ends when the losing pattern is derived and displayed a second number of times as a result of the execution of variable display of the pattern. The first number of times is fewer than the second number of times. Variable ball entry means can be changed into a ball entry easy state more easily when a ball enters start means in which ball entry is recommended in the first time shortening game state than when a ball enters the start means in which ball entry is recommended in the second time shortening game state. Game control means can control the game state to the first time shortening game state after a certain jackpot game is over. Performance means can execute a performance for suggesting that a jackpot game is to be executed again when the certain jackpot game is won.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 28
Patent JP-2023120211-A (JP)
Title: System and method for communicating orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (ofdm) frame format
Inventor: SUH JUNG HOON
IPC: H04L27/26
Filed: 2023-05-25
Abstract: To provide a system and method for communicating an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) frame format.SOLUTION: An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) frame communicated over a 20 MegaHertz (MHz) channel may include eight 26-tone resource units (RUs), one 26-tone bifurcated RU, and a direct current (DC) region. The eight 26-tone RUs may include twenty-six consecutive data and pilot tones, and the bifurcated 26-tone RU may be split into two 13-tone portions each of which includes thirteen consecutive data and pilot tones. The DC region may include seven null tones. In one example, the DC region of the 20 MHz MU-OFDMA frame consists of three DC tones and four null-data tones.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3A
Patent JP-2023169892-A (JP)
Title: 紫外線レーザー印刷用媒体、印刷物およびその製造方法、加工品、並びにインク組成物
IPC: B41M5/26
Filed: 2023-06-14
Abstract: 【課題】紫外線レーザー照射された際に、一点ごとの印字鮮明性に優れる印字スポットが得られ、かつ、レーザー照射された際に、保護樹脂層の膨らみが抑制された印刷物が得られる紫外線レーザー印刷用媒体を提供すること。また、前記紫外線レーザー印刷用媒体に紫外線レーザーを照射して、照射領域を変色させた印刷物およびその製造方法、並びに該紫外線レーザー印刷用媒体の製造に使用されるインク組成物を提供すること。さらに、前記紫外線レーザー印刷用媒体または印刷物を用いてなる加工品を提供すること。【解決手段】基材上に、酸化チタンを含有する印刷層と、保護樹脂層とをこの順で有し、前記印刷層中の前記酸化チタンの含有量が、０．１ｇ／ｍ２以上４．０ｇ／ｍ２以下であり、前記印刷層中の酸化チタンの結晶子サイズが１３ｎｍ以上５３ｎｍ以下である、紫外線レーザー印刷用媒体。【選択図】なし
Patent JP-2023134442-A (JP)
Title: Exosomes derived from cortical bone stem cells capable of augmenting heart function after cardiac injury
Inventor: STEVEN R HOUSER
IPC: A61K35/32
Filed: 2023-06-14
Abstract: To provide a composition and a method relating to cell-free therapy for augmenting cardiac repair.SOLUTION: The present invention provides an isolated population of cortical bone stem cell (CBSC)-derived exosomes, and compositions comprising the exosomes and/or RNA thereof, for promoting cardiac repair when delivered to a diseased heart.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1A-1C
Patent JP-2023134466-A (JP)
Title: Compositions comprising anti-lag-3 antibody or anti-lag-3 antibody and anti-pd-1 or anti-pd-l1 antibody
Inventor: LORI S BURTON
IPC: A61K39/395
Filed: 2023-06-20
Abstract: To provide pharmaceutical compositions for treating subjects with metastatic or refractory solid tumors (e.g., advanced refractory solid tumors).SOLUTION: The invention provides pharmaceutical compositions that comprise (i) an anti-LAG-3 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof or (ii) an anti-LAG-3 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof and an anti-PD-1 antibody, anti-PD-L1 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions that comprise a buffering agent, a stabilizing agent or a bulking agent, and a surfactant. The disclosure also provides a vial, syringe, intravenous bag or kit that comprises the compositions, and methods for using the compositions.SELECTED DRAWING: None
Patent JP-2023129514-A (JP)
Title: Methods, devices and systems for illuminating spatial light modulators
Inventor: CHENG HUI-CHUAN
IPC: G02B30/60
Filed: 2023-07-18
Abstract: To provide optical devices, including augmented reality imaging and visualization systems.SOLUTION: An optical device may include a wedge-shaped light turning element, including a first surface parallel to a horizontal axis and a second surface opposite to the first surface that is inclined with respect to the horizontal axis by a wedge angle. A light module including a number of light emitters can be configured to combine light from the emitters. A light input surface is between the first and second surfaces and receives light emitted from the emitters. An end reflector is disposed on a side opposite the light input surface. The second surface may be inclined such that a height of the light input surface is less than a height of the side opposite the light input surface. The light coupled into the light turning element may be reflected by the end reflector and/or reflected from the second surface towards the first surface.SELECTED DRAWING: None
Patent JP-2023130506-A (JP)
Title: sensor system
Inventor: MICHAEL HELMER
IPC: A61M5/315
Filed: 2023-07-19
Abstract: To provide a sensor system detecting a position of a movable plunger in a drug delivery device.SOLUTION: A sensor system includes: a sensor 26 capable of detecting a magnetic field and adapted to be fixed within a housing 11 of a drug delivery device 10; and a ferromagnetic or permanent magnet component magnetically interacting with the sensor 26 and moving to the sensor 26 as a plunger 40 moves. The sensor 26 is embedded in a spring mandrel 25 adapted to be inserted in a drive spring 30 to stabilize the drive spring 30.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2
Patent JP-2023126672-A (JP)
Title: Medical fluid therapy machine including readily accessible pneumatic manifold and valves therefor
Inventor: CHARLES WAYNE BOYLAN
IPC: A61M60/427
Filed: 2023-07-24
Abstract: To provide a medical fluid therapy machine including a preferable and readily accessible pneumatic manifold and valves therefor.SOLUTION: A connection apparatus for sealing a pathway of a mounting structure includes a body; and a port including a threaded portion extending from the body and a non-threaded portion extending from the threaded portion, the non-threaded portion carrying a gasket, the gasket positioned along the non-threaded portion such that the mounting structure to which the connection apparatus is mounted contacts the gasket prior to the threaded portion engaging a mating threaded portion of the mounting structure, the port providing fluid communication between the body and the pathway of the mounting structure. The body may be that of a valve that supplies any of air, water or oil as an operating fluid to, for example, inlet and outlet valves and a pump chamber of a medical fluid pump of a medical fluid delivery machine.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 9B
Patent JP-2023145726-A (JP)
Title: AZA, OXA AND THIA-PREGNAN-20-ONE-3α-OL COMPOUNDS FOR USE IN TREATING CNS DISORDER
Inventor: ALBERT JEAN ROBICHAUD
IPC: C07J73/00
Filed: 2023-08-03
Abstract: To provide aza, oxa and thia-pregnan-20-one-3α-ol compounds for use in treating CNS disorder.SOLUTION: In some embodiments, the compounds are compounds of formula (I-Iea) or (I-Iea-1) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.SELECTED DRAWING: None
Patent JP-2023154022-A (JP)
Title: Automatic valley parking system
Inventor: ISHIGURO RYOTO
IPC: G08G1/09
Filed: 2023-08-10
Abstract: To provide an automatic valley parking system (AVPS)SOLUTION: In an automatic valley parking system (AVPS), a wave forme is drawn on a road and a snow extinguisher is mounted, tags A are embedded at an intersection, and tags B are embedded at a drop off area, a pick-up area, and a parking spot. A route from a specific tag B to another tag B is derived by using a smartphone to perform an automatic operation in accordance with the route. Also, some traffic lights are made so that a pedestrian does not enter an intersection by using a pedestrian/vehicle separation type traffic light or a pedestrian bridge, and a traffic light of a vehicle sensing type for making a traffic light turn to blue sequentially when a vehicle is coming is installed.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2023175692-A (JP)
Title: リン酸塩結合剤粒子を含む医薬組成物
IPC: A61K33/26
Filed: 2023-08-17
Abstract: 【課題】一定の粒度分布を有するスクロオキシ水酸化鉄粒子、医薬組成物の製造のための前記粒子の使用、および前記粒子を使用した医薬組成物の製造方法を提供する。【解決手段】オキシ水酸化鉄（ＩＩＩ）、スクロース、及び１種または複数のデンプンの混合物を含むスクロオキシ水酸化鉄粒子であって、ｉ）粒度分布中の少なくとも６０％の粒子が４～２００μｍの間、及び／又はｉｉ）前記粒子が、３０μｍ～８０μｍの間の粒度分布におけるｄ５０を有する、スクロオキシ水酸化鉄粒子とする。【選択図】図１
Patent JP-2023165701-A (JP)
Title: エアロゾル発生材を加熱するための装置
IPC: A24F40/46
Filed: 2023-08-24
Abstract: 【課題】吸引可能なエアロゾルおよび／または気体を発生させるためにエアロゾル発生材を加熱するための新規な装置を提供する。【解決手段】装置は、ハウジングと、ハウジング内にあり、それぞれがエアロゾル発生材を含むための１つ以上のキャビティーを含む受け部５７と、吸引可能なエアロゾルおよび／または気体を発生させるために１つ以上のキャビティーに含まれたエアロゾル発生材６０を加熱するための１つ以上のヒーターエレメントを含む加熱装置とを含む。この１つ以上のヒーターエレメントは１つ以上のキャビティーの外部に位置する。【選択図】図１４
Patent JP-2023176028-A (JP)
Title: 電子濃度を低減するための構造および電子濃度を低減するためのプロセス
IPC: H01L21/338
Filed: 2023-10-16
Abstract: 【課題】高いゲートドレイン容量、高いゲートソース容量、および／またはゲートの周りの高い電子濃度によって誘起される他の容量に対処することが必要とされている。 
【解決手段】デバイスは、基板と、基板上の緩衝層と、緩衝層上のバリア層と、バリア層に電気結合されたソースと、バリア層に電気結合されたゲートと、バリア層に電気結合されたドレインと、を含む。デバイスは、以下の様態：バリア層内およびバリア層上のうちの少なくとも一方をもって配置された電子濃度低減構造をさらに含む。電子濃度低減構造は、以下のこと：ゲートの周りの電子濃度を低減すること、ゲートのエッジの周りの電子濃度を低減すること、電子濃度を低減すること、電力利得を増大させること、効率を増大させること、ゲートをドレインから切り離すこと、ゲートをソースから切り離すこと、および容量を低減することのうちの少なくとも１つを行うように構成されている。 
【選択図】図１