baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20080045585-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus for sensing scrolling of subject and method thereof
Inventor: KIM RICHARD
IPC: G06T7/00
Filed: 2006-11-20
Abstract: An apparatus and a method for detecting a rotational movement of a subject are provided to maximize component utilization by allowing a camera to be used for general purpose. A light source unit(1014) is turned on at pre-set time intervals. An image sensor unit(1018) captures a subject to generate glossy image data in a state that the light source unit is activated, and captures the subject to generate flat image data in a state that the light source unit is deactivated. A subject extracting unit(1031) compares the glossy image data and the flat image data to generate the third image data. A center determining unit(1032) calculates the 'm'th center point of the subject image by analyzing the third image data. A subject determining unit(1036) extracts the 'm'th image information corresponding to the 'm'th center point, extracts the first center point movement information by using the 'm'th region information and a plurality of pre-set region information, generates a function performing command corresponding to the first center point movement information, and outputs the same. Here, 'm' is a natural number of 2 or greater.
Patent KR-20080048823-A (KR)
Title: Method of intensification platinum using a spark plasma sintering
Inventor: KIM KWAN SU
IPC: C22C1/04
Filed: 2006-11-29
Abstract: A preparation method of reinforced platinum is provided to prepare reinforced platinum with good sintering density within a short time and reduce the preparation process and preparation costs as compared with an existing process by using a spark plasma sintering process. A preparation method of reinforced platinum using a spark plasma sintering process comprises: a step(S1) of preparing a reinforced platinum powder with a target composition by wet and dry processes; a step(S2) of degassing the prepared reinforced platinum powder within a predetermined temperature range in a vacuum atmosphere; a step(S3) of charging the degassed powder into a mold with desired shape and size, setting the mold within a chamber, reducing pressure of the chamber, applying pressure and electric current to the powder to perform spark plasma sintering of the powder, and cooling the sintered powder in a furnace; a step(S4) of performing heat treatment of a sintered body within a predetermined temperature range in the atmosphere to remove a carbon sheet from the sintered body; a step(S5) of subjecting the carbon sheet-removed sintered body to cold working to impart work structure to the sintered body; and a step(S6) of performing heat treatment of the reinforced platinum to recrystallize microstructure of the cold worked reinforced platinum.
Patent KR-20070067606-A (KR)
Title: Organic light emitting devices
Inventor: AZIZ HANY
IPC: H05B33/14
Filed: 2006-12-06
Abstract: An organic light emitting device is provided to have increased efficiency and stability and improved performances. The organic light emitting device comprises a positive electrode(110), a negative electrode(140), and a light emitting region(125) which includes at least one phosphorescent material emitting a red light, at least one phosphorescent material emitting a green light, and at least one fluorescent material emitting a blue light. The at least one phosphorescent material emitting a red light and the at least one phosphorescent material emitting a green light are present in a monolayer of the light emitting region(125).
Patent KR-20080051723-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus for sensing cooling water volume of reservoir tank
Inventor: PARK JUN PILL
IPC: F01P11/14
Filed: 2006-12-06
Abstract: An apparatus for detecting the amount of cooling water in a reservoir tank is provided to prevent an engine from being overheated or damaged due to insufficiency of cooling water by automatically detecting the amount of the cooling water. An apparatus for detecting the amount of cooling water in a reservoir tank comprises a slide guider(11) having a circular rod shape and a slider(15) of a hollow pipe type. The slide guider is provided at the inner center portion of a reservoir cap(5) of a reservoir tank and has a plurality of guide protrusions at the center portion of the outer peripheral surface thereof. The slider slides along the slide guider and has a plurality of guide grooves(17) into which the guide protrusions are inserted. A position detector is provided between the inner one side of the reservoir cap and the upper one side of the slider to output a position signal of the slider to a controller.
Patent KR-20080053061-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus for forming a nano-pattern
Inventor: KIM EUN SUK
IPC: G02F1/13
Filed: 2006-12-08
Abstract: An apparatus for forming minute patterns is provided to economize material cost and increase productivity by safely separating a substrate and a stamp, which are bonded together, from each other and preventing deformation or a crack of the substrate and the stamp. An apparatus for forming minute patterns comprises the first chamber(100), the second chamber(200), a pressure adjustment part(400), and a substrate fixing module(110). The first chamber, at which a stamp carved with minute patterns is installed, forms the first space with the stamp(20). The second chamber, at which a photoresist-applied substrate is mounted, forms the second space with the stamp as the second chamber is combined with the first chamber. In order to pressurize the stamp and imprint the minute patterns, the pressure adjustment part adjusts the pressure of the first and second spaces so that the pressure of the first space can act toward the second space. The substrate fixing module fixes the substrate mounted at the second chamber.
Patent KR-20080060353-A (KR)
Title: Method for manufacturing non volatile memory device
Inventor: PARK SANG JUN
IPC: H01L27/115
Filed: 2006-12-27
Abstract: A method for manufacturing a non-volatile memory device is provided to improve the reliability of the non-volatile memory device by reducing erasion fail of the non-volatile memory device. A cell region including a drain selection transistor and a source selection transistor and a peripheral circuit region including a plurality of transistors are defined on a substrate. A first interlayer dielectric is formed on an upper surface of the substrate including memory cells. A metal contact connected to a junction region of the source selection transistor, junction regions of the transistors, and gate electrodes of the transistors is formed within the first interlayer dielectric(S102,S104). A second interlayer dielectric is formed on the first interlayer dielectric(S106). A drain contact plug connected to the junction region of the drain selection transistor is formed within the first and second interlayer dielectrics of the cell region(S107).
Patent KR-20080061535-A (KR)
Title: Intelligent type streetlight having ballast stabilizer type outside cabinet
Inventor: KIM JUNG GUEN
IPC: H02G3/08
Filed: 2006-12-28
Abstract: An intelligent type streetlight having a ballast stabilizer type outside cabinet is provided to receive various sensors for monitoring and controlling an environment of a city inside the streetlight. An intelligent type streetlight(10) having a ballast stabilizer type outside cabinet(3) includes a streetlight(1) and a small-sized cabinet. The small-sized cabinet of a stabilizer shape is mounted on a structure such as an electric pole. A series of electronic devices transmit state information by collecting and analyzing sensor information of the streetlight in the small-sized cabinet. The intelligent type streetlight includes a collection/controlling device, a communication network executing device, an analyzing device, and an output function executing unit.
Patent KR-20080062206-A (KR)
Title: Method for making embedded pcb for semiconductor and the same
Inventor: LEE WOO SUB
IPC: H05K3/40
Filed: 2006-12-29
Abstract: An embedded PCB(Printed Circuit Board) for a semiconductor and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to implement a high signal processing speed by reducing a circuit length and removing interconnection through carbon paste. A manufacturing method of an embedded PCB(Printed Circuit Board) for a semiconductor includes the steps of: forming a copper pattern(10) on a surface of a substrate(8); coating a solder resistor(20) on the copper pattern; forming a pot(22) by opening a surface of the solder resistor; coating carbon paste(40) on the opened solder resistor pot; and forming an insulating coating layer(50) on the carbon paste to prevent the variation of resistance. The solder resistor is coated by a lamination method.
Patent KR-20060059993-A (KR)
Title: Vpn communication system
Inventor: OYAMA NAGAAKI
IPC: H04L12/70
Filed: 2004-08-03
Abstract: A device registration process registers e-Key chips (6a-6f) provided in user terminals (5a-5f) with a chip management center (2). A VPN service download process downloads a VPN service application soft from a VPN service provider center (3) and installs it into the e-Key chips (6a-6f). A VPN key producing or sharing process stores a VPN key in the e-Key chips (6a-6f). Among the user terminals (5a-5f) belonging to the same VPN, the VPN key stored in the e- Key chips (6a-6f) is used to establish a VPN connection. This arrangement allows a client to communicate with other clients belonging to the same VPN regardless of the operation of a VPN server.
Patent KR-20060090225-A (KR)
Title: Internal combustion engine
Inventor: SAWAMURA YOSHINOBU
IPC: B62M7/02
Filed: 2004-09-24
Abstract: An internal combustion engine (10) with a kick type starter installable at any position, comprising a crankshaft (15) rotatably pivoted on crankcases (13L) and (13R), a power transmission mechanism (12) transmitting power from the crankshaft (15) to an output shaft (26), crankcase covers (14L) and (14R) covering a part of the power transmission mechanism (12) and auxiliary devices fixed to the crankshaft (15), and the kick type starter (70). The kick type starter (70) is installed on the outside of the crankcase covers (14L) and (14R). The kick type starter is installed at a position where the kick type starter is partly overlapped with the rear cover (39) of the internal combustion engine covering the front part of a chain (27) connecting the internal combustion engine output shaft (26) to a rear wheel (6) and a drive sprocket (26b) for the chain. A torque converter (40) is installed at one side of the crankshaft (15) and the kick type starter is disposed in the crankcase cover (14L) on the opposite side of the torque converter (40).
Patent KR-20070022190-A (KR)
IPC: C07D239/94
Filed: 2004-09-12
Abstract: 방사성 표식 상피세포 증식 인자 수용체 티로신 키나아제(EGFR-TK) 비가역 억제제 및 양전자 방출 단층 촬영(PET) 및 단광자 방출 컴퓨터 단층 촬영(SPECT)과 같은 의료용 방사선 촬상 및 방사선 치료용 방사성 의약품의 바이오메이커로서의 용도가 개시되어 있다. 
       
     방사성, 표식, 상피세포, 성장, 인자, 수용체, 티로신, 키나아제, EGFR-TK, 비가역, 억제제
Patent KR-20070018800-A (KR)
IPC: H05K1/11
Filed: 2004-09-17
Abstract: 다층 회로 기판(16)은 적어도 하나의 신호 층(20), 적어도 하나의 피드백 층 및 신호 층(20)과 피드백 층(22) 사이에 위치한 적어도 하나의 유전체 층(24)을 포함한다.  신호 층(20)은 적어도 하나의 도금 구멍(12)에 연결된다.  피드백 층(22)은 도금 구멍(12)에 인접하게 위치하지만 도금 구멍(12)과 전기적으로 절연된 접촉 패드(26)를 가진다.  접촉 패드(26)는 측정 유닛(48)에 연결된다. 유전체 층(24)은 신호 층(20)과 피드백 층(22)의 접촉 패드(26) 사이에 위치한다. 도금 구멍(12)의 부분은 스토브 부분(18)을 형성하고 이는 신호 층(20)에서 거리를 멀리 확장하고 일반적으로 피드백 층(22)의 접촉 패드(26)에서 거리를 멀리 확장한다.  스토브 부분을 제거하기 위해서, 특정 깊이에 도달할 때, 다층 회로판의 피드백 층으로부터 전기 피드백을 받을 때까지 다층 회로 기판 속에서 구멍을 뚫거나 그 경로를 만든다.  측정 유닛(48)에 의한 전기적 피드백을 받자마자, 보어링 장치(40)는 구멍에서 철회하고 보어링 장치에 의해 형성된 구멍은 에폭시 수지 또는 다른 충전 소재로 충전된다.
Patent KR-20070017485-A (KR)
IPC: H04R25/00
Filed: 2004-11-24
Abstract: 무선 보청기에서 송신 모드와 수신 모드를 전환하는 시스템, 장치 및 방법이 제공된다.  일 양태는 한 노드에서 튜닝 커패시터에 연결된 유도성 코일을 갖는 통신 시스템 내에서 사용하기 위한 기기에 관한 것이다.  증폭기는 DC 블로킹 커패시터를 통해 이 노드에 연결되어, 수신 모드에서 유도성 코일 내의 유도된 신호를 수신한다.  구동기는 송신 모드에서 구동된 신호로 유도성 코일에 전류를 통하게 한다.  다양한 실시예들에 따르면, 기기는 유도성 코일, 튜닝 커패시터 및 DC 블로킹 커패시터를 등가의 직렬 공진 회로로 변형시켜 송신 모드에서의 유도성 부하를 감소시키고, 유도성 코일, 튜닝 커패시터 및 DC 블로킹 커패시터를 등가의 병렬 공진 회로로 변형시켜 수신 모드에서의 유도성 부하를 증가시킨다. 
       
     보청기, 유도성 코일, 튜닝 커패시터, DC 블로킹 커패시터, 공진 회로, 유도 부하
Patent KR-20070036018-A (KR)
Inventor: ZHONG PINGYU
IPC: A61K39/42
Filed: 2004-11-22
Abstract: 인실리코에서 및 인비트로에서 높은 친화성과 선택성을 갖는 인간 항원에 대한 항체를 고안하고 선택하는 방법이 제공된다. 일부 구체적인 구체예에서, 높은 친화성과 특이성을 갖는, 혈관 내피 성장 인자(VEGF)에 대한 인간화 또는 완전한 인간 항체를 고안하고 선택하는 방법이 제공된다. 본 발명의 다른 양태에서는, VEGF에 대한 모노클로날 항체가 제공된다. 특히, 높은 친화성으로 인간 VEGF에 결합하는 능력, 인비트로에서 내피 세포의 VEGF-유도된 증식을 억제하는 능력 및 인비보에서 VEGF-유도된 혈관신생을 억제하는 능력을 가진, 인간화 또는 인간 항-VEGF 모노클로날 항체가 제공된다. 이들 항체 및 그 유도체는 암, AMD, 당뇨성 망막병증, 및 병리학적 혈관신생으로부터 유래된 기타 질병과 같은 질병의 진단, 방지, 및 치료와 같은 다양한 용례에서 이용될 수 있다.
Patent KR-20060107561-A (KR)
Title: Die cavity of a casting die for continuously casting billets and blooms
Inventor: ROEHRIG ADALBERT
IPC: B22D11/04
Filed: 2004-12-11
Abstract: The invention relates to a die cavity of a casting die for continuously casting billets, blooms and blanks, steel being cast in a die cavity having a cross-section with a partially curved peripheral (42) line, and cavity walls cooled. The aim of the invention is to create optimum conditions for a regular heat exchange between a forming strand shell and the die cavity wall along the peripheral line (42) of the strand cross-section, and to avoid solidification defects in the strand shell. To this end, the degree of curvature 1/R is reduced at least on part of the curved peripheral line (42) of the corner regions from peripheral lines (42', 42") of the same corner regions, that are successive in the casting direction, and at least over part of the length of the die, in the concave corner regions of the die cavity, in order to control the targeted closure of the gap between the strand shell and the cooled die cavity, or a targeted strand shell deformation.
Patent KR-20060123437-A (KR)
Title: Chemical-mechanical polishing of metals in an oxidized form
Inventor: DE REGE THESAURO FRANCESCO
IPC: H01L21/70
Filed: 2005-01-05
Abstract: The invention provides a method for polishing a substrate comprising a metal in an oxidized form, the method comprising the steps of: (a) providing a substrate comprising a metal in an oxidized form, (b) contacting a portion of the substrate with a chemical-mechanical polishing system comprising: (i) a polishing component, (ii) a reducing agent, and (iii) a liquid carrier, and (c) abrading at least a portion of the metal in an oxidized form to polish the substrate. The reducing agent can be selected from the group consisting of 3-hydroxy-4-pyrones, alpha-hydroxy-gamma-butyrolactones, ascorbic acid, borane, borohydrides, dialkylamine boranes, formaldehyde, formic acid, hydrogen, hydroquinones, hydroxylamine, hypophosphorous acid, phosphorous acid, a metal or metal ions in an oxidation state having a standard redox potential that is less than the standard redox potential of the metal in an oxidized form, trihydroxybenzenes, solvated electrons, sulfurous acid, salts thereof, and mixtures thereof.
Patent KR-20070007044-A (KR)
Title: Multiple party benefit from an online authentication service
Inventor: GERBER GARY E
IPC: G07F19/00
Filed: 2004-05-11
Abstract: An account authentication service where a trusted party verifies an account holder's identity for the benefit of a requestor during an online transaction. The account authentication involves requesting a password from the account holder, verifying the password, and notifying the requestor whether the account holder's authenticity has been verified. An alternative embodiment of the account authentication service includes a value-adding component where information about a customer is shared with a value-adding party. The customer information is rich in detail about the customer since it is collected by each of the parties in the account authentication process. The value-adding party can then use this information in various manners. All of the parties involved can benefit from sharing the customer information. The value-adding party can be, for example, a merchant, a shipper, a security organization, or a governmental organization. A transaction identifier identifies a specific transaction between a customer, a merchant, and the customer information. ® KIPO & WIPO 2007
Patent KR-20060132679-A (KR)
Title: Methods and apparatuses for broadcasting information
Inventor: MANOWITZ NEAL
IPC: H04N5/232
Filed: 2005-01-27
Abstract: In one embodiment, the methods and apparatuses detect a device within a predetermined area; detect an image captured by the device; determine a subject of the image based on the predetermined area; and broadcast a signal to the device wherein the signal describes the subject of the image.
Patent KR-20070024485-A (KR)
Title: A method and apparatus for operating a solid-oxide fuel cell stack with a mixed ionic/electronic conducting electrolyte
Inventor: LEAH ROBERT
IPC: H01M8/12
Filed: 2005-02-02
Abstract: A method and apparatus for operating an intermediate-temperature solid-oxide fuel cell stack (10) with a mixed ionic/electronic conducting electrolyte in order to increase its efficiency. The required power output of the solid-oxide fuel cell stack (10) is determined and one or more operating conditions of the solid fuel cell stack (10) are controlled dependent upon the determined required power output. The operating conditions that are controlled may be at least one or the temperature of the fuel cell stack and the dilution of fuel delivered to the fuel cell stack. ® KIPO & WIPO 2007
Patent KR-20060134981-A (KR)
Title: Dll circuit
Inventor: MAEDA KENGO
IPC: H03L7/081
Filed: 2005-02-09
Abstract: A DLL circuit has a phase comparing circuit that compares the phase of a reference clock and that of a delayed clock; and a variable delay adding circuit that adjusts, based on a signal from the phase comparing circuit, the delay amount. The DLL circuit comprises means for inputting a first signal, which is latched to a logic "1" by the start of a period of an internal clock at a burst commencement, to the variable delay adding circuit via a dummy delay; and means for determining the duration of the logic "1" of the first signal, which is received from the variable delay adding circuit via the dummy delay, until the end of the period of the internal clock to establish, based on the duration, an initial value of the delay amount of the variable delay adding circuit.
Patent KR-20070012375-A (KR)
Title: Hybrid micro/macro plate valve
Inventor: FULLER EDWARD NELSON
IPC: F16K31/00
Filed: 2005-02-25
Abstract: A microvalve device includes a microvalve pilot valve and a pilot operated valve. The microvalve pilot valve includes a first layer, a third layer having a plurality of openings formed therethrough, and a second layer positioned between the first and third layer. The second layer includes a chamber in fluid communication with the openings, and includes a movable member for selectively controlling fluid flow though the chamber and between the openings. The pilot operated valve includes a first plate, a third plate, and a second plate positioned between the first plate and the third plate. The first plate includes a plurality of ports in fluid communication with the openings of the microvalve, a pressure apply channel, and a pressure release channel. The second plate includes the pressure apply channel and the pressure release channel, both of the channels being in fluid communication with a spool portion of the pilot operated valve. The spool portion is selectively movable to allow flow from a second source of fluid to a load. The third plate includes a first source port in fluid communication with a first fluid source, the pressure apply channel, one of the first plate ports, and one of the microvalve openings. A first reservoir port of the third plate ports, and one of the microvalve openings. A first reservoir port of the third plate is in fluid communication with a first reservoir, the pressure release channel, one of the first plate ports, and one of the microvalve openings. A second source port of the third plate is in fluid communication with the second source of fluid. A load port of the third plate is in fluid communication with the load. ® KIPO & WIPO 2007
Patent KR-20070021179-A (KR)
IPC: G07F19/00
Filed: 2005-03-11
Abstract: 본 발명은 외부로부터 종이류 다발의 상태로 삽입된 종이류를 그 상태로 조출부로 반송하여, 그 조출부로부터 1장씩 조출한 종이류를 일시 보류 수단에 반송하여 수납하고, 일시 보류 수단에 겹쳐 수납한 종이류의 수납부에의 수납은 일시 보류 수단으로부터 종이류 다발의 상태로 조출부로 반송하여, 1장씩 조출하여 반송함으로써 행한다.
Patent KR-20060130745-A (KR)
Title: High copper low alloy steel sheet
Inventor: ALWIN MARY
IPC: B22D11/06
Filed: 2005-03-21
Abstract: A high copper low alloy steel sheet made by the steps comprising preparing a molten melt producing an as-cast low alloy steel comprising by weight, between 0.02 % and 0.3% carbon, between 0.10% and 1.5% manganese, between 0.01% and 0.5% silicon, between 0.002 and 0.0095% sulfur, greater than 0.01 % and less than or equal to 0.15% phosphorus, less than 0.05% aluminum, more than 0.20% copper, less than 0.03 % tin, and less than 0.10 % nickel, and the remainder iron and impurities resulting from melting, and solidifying the molten melt into sheet less than 10 mm in thickness in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to below 1080& deg;C. The copper content may be between 0.2% and 2.0% by weight. The high copper low alloy steel may also have a corrosion index (I) of at least 6.0 in accordance with ASTM G101 where: I = 26.01 (% Cu) + 3.88 (% Ni) + 1.20 (% Cr) + 1.49 (% Si) + 17.28 (% P) - 7.29 (% Cu)(% Ni) - 9.10 (% Ni)(% P) - 33.39 (% Cu)². The high copper low alloy steel may be produced by twin roll casting, and may have thickness less than 5 mm or less than 2 mm in thickness.
Patent KR-20070048650-A (KR)
Inventor: ISHII YUUKI
IPC: H01L21/027
Filed: 2005-08-30
Abstract: 노광 장치와는 독립적으로 동작하는 인라인 계측기 등에 의해 웨이퍼 (W) 의 피계측면의 에지 및 각 서치 얼라인먼트 마크 (SYM, SθM) 를 검출하고, 그 피계측면에 대략 평행한 2 차원 좌표계로서 웨이퍼 (W) 의 노치 위치에 의해 규정되는 X'Y' 좌표계에서의 서치 마크 (SYM, SθM) 의 위치 좌표를 계측한다.     그리고, 노광 장치에 웨이퍼 (W) 를 투입할 때의 프리얼라인먼트에 있어서, 웨이퍼 (W) 의 에지를 검출하고 그 검출 결과로부터 X'Y' 좌표계에서의 상기 물체의 위치 정보를 계측한다.     또, 프리얼라인먼트의 계측 결과에 기초하여 노광 장치에 로드되는 웨이퍼 (W) 와, 웨이퍼 (W) 상의 서치 마크의 위치를 계측하는 얼라인먼트의 계측 시야에 의한 X'Y' 좌표계에 있어서의 상대 위치를 인라인 계측기 등의 계측 결과에 기초하여 조정한다. 
       
     노광 장치, 기판의 투입 재현성, 위치 계측 방법, 포토리소그래피
Patent KR-20070020482-A (KR)
IPC: B25C1/00
Filed: 2005-05-27
Abstract: 장치로서, 배럴과, 상기 배럴에서 패스닝 요소를 구동하는 수단(3, 5)과, 상기 패스닝 요소를 위한 탈착 가능한 공급 매거진(4)을 수용하기 위한 수단(25, 33)을 구비하는 핸들(9)을 포함하고, 상기 장치의 전방 부분(3)은 상기 매거진(4)의 공급 단부(55)와 협력하고 상기 패스닝 요소가 상기 매거진(4)으로부터 상기 배럴(1)로 전달되는 것을 보장하도록 배치되고, 상기 배럴에서 이격된 상기 핸들(9)의 자유 단부(33)는 상기 매거진의 다른 로딩 단부(54)가 상기 장치에 고정될 수 있도록 배치된다. 상기 핸들(9)의 자유 단부(33)는 상기 매거진(4)의 상기 로딩 단부(54)를 위한 고정 로드(47)를 구비하고, 상기 고정 로드(47)는 선회하고 상기 핸들(33)의 자유 단부와 상기 매거진의 로딩 단부(54)의 상대적 위치를 변경하도록 맞물린다. 이 발명 덕분에 모든 크기의 허용 오차를 위한 보상이 있다.
Patent KR-20070035001-A (KR)
IPC: F28D1/03
Filed: 2005-04-28
Abstract: A heat exchanger for the heat exchange between a first fluid and a second fluid, which achieves an unusual strength comprises a plurality of casings (2), of substantially flattened shape and of predetermined width (L), arranged in a pile (2a), with an air space (3) defined between adjacent casings in the pile, and each formed from two half-shells (6) welded along a peripheral strip (6a), said casings (2) being in fluid communication with each other through respective holes (7) opening into said air space (3), and at least one spacer (8), substantially of the sleeve type, in said air space (3), made integral at the top end with said adjacent casings around the respective holes (7) opening into said air space (3). <IMAGE>