baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20170100191-A (KR)
Title: Instantaneous water heaing apparatus
Inventor: LEE KWON JAE
IPC: B67D1/08
Filed: 2016-02-25
Abstract: An instantaneous water heating apparatus is disclosed. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the instantaneous water heating apparatus may comprise: a water heating apparatus body having a water inlet and a water outlet, wherein the water inlet and the water outlet are connected to form a flowing space in which water flows; a heater unit provided in the water heating apparatus body, and instantaneously heating the water flowing in the flowing space to make hot water; and a steam generation restriction unit expanding a contact area between the heater unit and the water flowing in the flowing space to restrict generation of superheated steam.
Patent KR-20170100956-A (KR)
Title: 장시간 부착 가능한 심전도 측정용 생체전극
Inventor: YOON YOUNG RO
IPC: A61B5/00
Filed: 2016-02-26
Abstract: 본 발명은 방수 기능과 통기 기능을 가져, 목욕시에도 사용가능하며, 잡음의 영향이 적은, 장시간 부착 가능한 심전도 측정용 생체전극에 관한 것이다. 
본 발명의 베이스의 하면에 전극부가 장착되는 심전도 측정용 생체 전극에 있어서, 베이스는 다수의 통공을 가지며, 상하면이 방수물질로 코팅되어 있으며, 베이스의 테두리는 방수 필름으로 이루어진 방수 테두리부가 장착되어 있으며, 베이스의 상단에는 수 스냅이 장착되되, 수 스냅의 스냅 몸체부의 상면에는 스냅단자 보강재가 구비되는 것을 특징으로 한다.
Patent KR-20170100961-A (KR)
Title: 롤러가 구비된 힌지장치
Inventor: HONG SUNG JOO
IPC: E05D5/00
Filed: 2016-02-26
Abstract: 본 발명은 접이식 윈도어 시스템의 힌지장치에 관한 것으로서, 보다 상세하게는 절첩시 도어들이 뒤틀리지 않고 부드럽게 이동할 수 있도록 상부롤러부재와 하부롤러부재를 하나의 힌지수단에 결합하는 롤러가 구비된 힌지장치에 관한 것이다.  
본 발명에 의해 이웃하는 도어들을 회동가능하게 연결하면서 문틀에 형성된 레일을 따라 이동하는 롤러가 구비된 힌지장치에 있어서, 상기 도어의 측면을 이루는 측부프레임 사이에 위치하는 중공된 몸체; 상기 몸체의 일면 양측에 형성되어 상기 측부프레임들과 각각 회동가능하게 결합되는 원기둥형태의 한 쌍의 힌지바; 상기 몸체의 타면에 형성되어 상기 측부프레임들 사이 공간을 가로막는 커버; 상기 몸체에 결합되어 상기 문틀의 하부레일을 따라 이동하는 하부롤러부재; 및 상기 몸체에 결합되어 상기 문틀의 상부레일을 따라 이동하는 상부롤러부재;를 포함한다.
Patent KR-20170108519-A (KR)
Inventor: YUN EUL YONG
IPC: B01F3/04
Filed: 2016-03-18
Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for reducing BOD, nitrogen, and stench of an aeration tank or storage tank for wastewater. Through the apparatus, water is provided to a compression unit to be compressed, and is provided to a discharge unit. Air fed through a connection unit is supplied to a discharge unit to be mixed with water and to be discharged to a storage tank or aeration tank. Mixed water of air and water discharged to the storage tank or aeration tank circulates wastewater, and provides air. Therefore, the apparatus reduces BOD, nitrogen, and stench of wastewater. The apparatus comprises: a main body inserted into a storage tank for storing wastewater, or into an aeration tank for injecting air into wastewater; a compression unit which is formed inside the main body and in which water provided from a water supplying pump at one side is made to flow to be compressed and discharged; a discharge unit coupled with the other side of the compression unit, having a plurality of inlets formed at one side inner circumference combined with the compression unit to make air fed thereto, and having a plurality of outlets formed at the other side thereof to discharge mixed water of water and air; and a connection unit formed at the outer circumference of the middle part in the main body, and connected to an air pump for injecting compressed air. The discharge unit is inserted along with the main body into the storage tank or aeration tank to provide water mixed with air to the storage tank or aeration tank. Therefore, oxygen is provided easily to wastewater of the storage tank or aeration tank.
Patent KR-20170111159-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM CHUL SUNG
IPC: A01G9/24
Filed: 2016-03-25
Abstract: 인삼 재배 시스템은 콘테이너, 인삼 재배대, 양액 분무 장치를 구비할 수 있다. 인삼 재배대는 콘테이너의 내부에 구비되고, 인삼 화분을 지지하는 다수의 화분 삽입공을 구비하며, 내부에 밀폐 공간을 형성한다. 양액 분무 장치는 인삼 재배대의 밀폐 공간에 양액을 안개 형태로 공급한다. 양액 분무 장치는 양액의 온도를 조절하는 히터, 냉각기를 구비할 수 있다.
Patent KR-20170111954-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM TAE GYU
IPC: H04L29/06
Filed: 2016-03-30
Abstract: 본 발명은 클라우드 기반의 산업용 사물 인터넷 서비스 시스템에 관한 것으로, 산업용 기기 시스템과, 상기 산업용 기기 시스템과 연결되어 상기 산업용 기기 시스템을 관리하는 산업용 클라우드 시스템을 포함하고; 내부망에 설치되는 브로커 서버와 상기 산업용 기기 시스템은 적어도 하나의 센서와, 적어도 하나의 액추에이터를 포함하는 하위 노드 장치 , 복수의 하위 노드 장치 중 적어도 하나와 연결되어 상기 복수의 하위 노드 장치로부터 데이터를 수집하여 상기 산업용 브로커 서버로 전송하는 적어도 하나의 게이트웨이를 포함하며; 상기 브로커 서버 내부의 이벤트 관리자가 특정 센서로부터 수집되거나 설정된 특정 시간에 하위 액추에이터를 동작시키기 위해 브로커 엔진 내부에 있는 이벤트 관리자가 특정 조건을 만족하는 경우 출력 지령을 하게함으로써 액추에이터가 동작하게 한다.
Patent KR-20170114507-A (KR)
Title: 착즙물 내 펄프량을 감소시키기 위한 주서기
Inventor: KIM SEONG WOOK
IPC: A47J43/08
Filed: 2016-04-05
Abstract: 본 발명은 주서기에 관한 것으로, 특히 착즙물 내에 포함될 수 있는 펄프의 양을 감소시키기 위하여 드럼과 스크류의 형상을 변형시킨 주서기를 제공한다.
Patent KR-20170117283-A (KR)
Title: Cng를 사용한 프로그램에서 보안 개선 방법 및 이러한 방법을 수행하는 장치
Inventor: YIM KANG BIN
IPC: G06F21/62
Filed: 2016-04-12
Abstract: CNG를 사용한 프로그램에서 보안 개선 방법 및 이러한 방법을 수행하는 장치가 개시된다. CNG를 사용한 프로그램에서 보안 개선 방법은 실행 중인 모든 프로그램에 대한 리스트를 생성하는 단계, 모든 프로그램 중 CNG(cryptography API(application programing interface) next generation)를 활용하는 응용 프로그램을 검색하는 단계, 응용 프로그램에서 CNG 라이브러리에 대한 후킹 여부를 탐색하는 단계, CNG 라이브러리에 대한 후킹이 발생한 경우, 후킹에 대한 무력화 절차를 수행하는 단계를 포함할 수 있다.
Patent KR-20170119032-A (KR)
Title: 디스플레이 장치
Inventor: KIM MU GYEOM
IPC: H05B33/12
Filed: 2016-04-15
Abstract: 디스플레이 장치를 개시한다. 본 발명은 복수의 픽셀 영역이 이격되게 배치되고, 복수의 관통공이 배치된 디스플레이 기판;과, 픽셀 영역에 배치된 복수의 발광 다이오드;와, 발광 다이오드에 각각 전기적으로 접속된 제 1 배선 라인 및 제 2 배선 라인을 구비하는 복수의 배선 라인을 포함한다.
Patent KR-20170123431-A (KR)
Inventor: MIN CHUL HEE
IPC: D06N3/14
Filed: 2016-04-29
Abstract: Disclosed is an artificial leather for automobile interior materials with excellent surface properties and cushioning effects. According to the present invention, the artificial leather for automobile interior materials comprises: a fabric layer; a foam layer formed on the fabric layer; an indication layer formed on the foam layer; and a water-based surface treatment layer formed on the indication layer. Embossed patterns are formed on a surface of the water-based surface treatment layer.
Patent KR-20170124274-A (KR)
Inventor: PARK CHANG WOOK
IPC: F04B35/04
Filed: 2016-05-02
Abstract: The present invention relates to a complex power generation system and a ship having the same, and more specifically relates to a combined power generation system which drives a supercritical carbon dioxide power generation portion by receiving a combustion gas generated by burning evaporation gas generated in an LNG storage tank, and exhaust gas discharged after driving a gas turbine as a heat source, and a ship having the same. According to the present invention, the combined power generation system comprises: a gas turbine generation portion driven by a gas turbine; and a supercritical carbon dioxide power generation portion using supercritical carbon dioxide as a kinetic fluid, wherein the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation portion comprises a BOG combustion device for combusting evaporative gas (BOG) generated in the LNG storage tank, and the supercritical carbon dioxide may receive heat from the BOG combustion device.
Patent KR-20170059366-A (KR)
Inventor: PARK IL HONG
IPC: G01N33/14
Filed: 2016-05-03
Abstract: The present invention relates to a measuring device to measure a mixing ratio of soju and beer and, more specifically, relates to a portable measuring device capable of measuring a mixing ratio of soju and beer in a mixed drink in which soju and beer are mixed in the glass using absorptiometry. The present invention provides a device to measure a mixing ratio of bomb shots of soju and beer, comprising: a light emitting unit (100); a detection unit (200); a display unit (300); a control unit (400); a data unit (500); and a power supply unit (600). Moreover, the light emitting unit (100) and the detection unit (200) have a main wavelength in a band of 400-450 nm; and the display unit (300), the control unit (400), the data unit (500), or the power supply unit (600) performs an interface function with a smart device.
Patent KR-20170127796-A (KR)
Inventor: HAN JONG HYEON
IPC: A61F2/76
Filed: 2016-05-12
Abstract: The present invention relates to a durability testing device for a non-vascular stent, comprising: an installation tube which is spherical, is formed by a flexible material having elasticity, and includes an insertion hole in which a self-expandable stent is inserted and installed; a first grip holder which grips both end portions of the installation tube to compress and secure the installation tube while an inner space of the installation tube is closed; a second grip holder; a water chamber in which the installation tube, the first grip holder, and the second grip holder are installed, and which has a fluid at a predetermined temperature stored in an inner space thereof; and a driving unit which provides a driving force to at least one of the first grip holder and the second grip holder so that elongation and restoration to an initial form with respect to the length direction of the installation tube can be performed repeatedly through an adjustment of a distance between the first grip holder and the second grip holder. Specifically, the installation tube comprises: a first tube unit which has a hollow cylindrical structure; and a second tube unit which has a smaller diameter than that of the first tube unit, has a hollow cylindrical structure, and is disposed in a hollow space inside the first tube unit, wherein a space between the inner side of the first tube unit and the outer side of the second tube unit corresponds to the insertion hole for installation of the self-expandable stent.
Patent KR-20170129366-A (KR)
Inventor: PARK EUN JU
IPC: A23L27/40
Filed: 2016-05-17
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing salt using a composition of Lentinula edodes GNA01. According to the present invention, the method includes the steps of: (1) washing Lentinula edodes GNA01 purchased on the market with purified water, removing the moisture, cutting the Lentinula edodes GNA01 in 0.2 mm in thickness, and freeze-drying the Lentinula edodes GNA01 in a freeze dryer until the drying yield reaches 32.6% (S100); (2) grinding the freeze-dried Lentinula edodes GNA01 to be in the powder form where a particle is smaller than 45 m by using a grinder (S200); (3) mixing 5 grams of the powder of the step (2) with 100 ml of water, extracting a mixture of the powder and water with hot water vapor at temperatures of 121C for 15 minutes, and heating the extract on low heat to concentrate the extract to the amount of 50 ml (S300); (4) mixing the concentrated extract (or composition) of the Lentinula edodes GNA01 with 100 grams of sea salt and drying the composition at temperatures of 100C (S400); and (5) uniformizing salt particles of the dried composition using a strainer tray of 20 meshes (S500). The method according to the present invention may contribute to development of various health functional foods, and the composition prepared by the method can be used as a salting agent for various foods in restaurants and households thereby improving people health.
Patent KR-20170130879-A (KR)
Inventor: KWON YOUNG SIK
IPC: G06Q30/02
Filed: 2016-05-19
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method to manage a communication fare plan combined with a financial product by connecting at least one communication company server and at least one financial institution server. The method includes: a step of receiving at least one among communication product information including contribution value information such as the profit rate of a communication company and communication plan fare information provided from the communication company server, first client information including personal information of a client and communication fare subscription information, and linked client information including communication fare subscription information of a linked client related with the client; a step of receiving at least one among financial product information including information about a financial service provided from the financial institution server to the client, and second client information including personal information of a client subscribing to the financial product; and a step of generating a communication fare plan combined with a customized financial product by using the information received from the communication company server and the financial institution server.
Patent KR-20170130937-A (KR)
Inventor: RYU DONG YO
IPC: F16K15/04
Filed: 2016-05-20
Abstract: Disclosed is a pedal simulator. According to one aspect of the present invention, a pedal simulator providing a pedal feel to a driver by receiving hydraulic pressure according to a pedal effort of the driver while being connected to a master cylinder comprises: a damping housing installed in a simulator block provided with a bore communicating with an oil hole connected to the master cylinder to seal the bore and having an air chamber therein; a first reaction force unit provided in the bore and pressurized by the oil introduced through the oil hole to provide a pedal reaction force; a second reaction force unit provided in the air chamber and being compressed according to the pressure of the first reaction force unit to provide the pedal reaction force; and a check valve provided in a passage through which the air chamber and the outside air communicate with each other, thereby stably controlling a brake pedal and providing the pedal feel.
Patent KR-20170136750-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE WU SEONG
IPC: B64D47/08
Filed: 2016-06-02
Abstract: Disclosed are an unmanned photographing device and a method for operating the same according to various embodiments. The method for operating the unmanned photographing device comprises: a step of setting wireless connection with an external electronic device including a display by using a communications device; a step of receiving a first signal, which includes data related to a first image including a first object, at a first 3D position from the external electronic device through the wireless connection; a step of determining a second 3D position at least partially based on the data and the first 3D position; a step of controlling the unmanned photographing device to fly to the second 3D position or an adjacent position; a step of tracking a second object corresponding to the first object by using a camera; and a step of capturing a second image including the second object at the second 3D position or the adjacent position to enable the second image to correspond to the first image. Other embodiments are possible. The present invention automatically photographs an image having a desired composition.
Patent KR-20170140819-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM JEONG MYEONG
IPC: H01L43/12
Filed: 2016-06-13
Abstract: The present invention relates to an electronic device and a manufacturing method thereof. The manufacturing method of the electronic device including a semiconductor memory according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a step of forming material layers for forming a variable resistor element on a substrate; a step of forming a hard mask layer including metal on the material layers; a step of selectively etching the hard mask layer; a step of etching the material layers by using the etched hard mask layer as an etching barrier, wherein etching by-products including a material which is more easily oxidized than the metal of the hard mask layer are formed on side walls of the etched material layers; and a step of performing a process using gas or plasma suppressing oxidation of the hard mask layer while oxidizing the etching by-products.
Patent KR-20170140886-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM SEUNG CHUL
IPC: B01D53/00
Filed: 2016-06-14
Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for removing oil from oil mist, comprising: a body having an internal space and provided with heat radiation fins on the outer surface thereof; an inlet connection tube having a cross sectional area of a flow path smaller than that of the body and connected to the body; an outlet connection tube having a cross sectional area of a flow path smaller than that of the body and connected to the body; an oil condensation tube coupled to pass through the body and cooling the oil mist flowing into the body to condensate the oil on the surface by making an external cool fluid flow; and an oil discharge tube connected to a lower side of the body and discharging the oil, condensed in the oil condensation tube and collected at the lower side of the body, to the outside. The inlet connection tube is connected to an oil mist discharge tube which discharges the oil mist and the outlet connection tube is connected to a dust collector side. The present invention alleviates an inflow load of the dust collector which purifies high temperature oil mist and discharge gases discharged from a tenter frame to minimize generation of a bed smell at the dust collector.
Patent KR-20170142540-A (KR)
Inventor: KANG EUN CHONG
IPC: A47G21/02
Filed: 2016-06-18
Abstract: The present invention is able to be used for eating by separating a fork and a spoon, allowing a person to usually and conveniently eat using the same. The present invention is able to be rotated between the spoon and the fork.
Patent KR-20170143170-A (KR)
Inventor: CHAE MYUNG SUK
IPC: B41J2/01
Filed: 2016-06-21
Abstract: 본 발명은 부정형의 가죽원단이 종이 또는 피이티 필름 등에 고정된 상태로 잉크젯 프린트에 공급될 수 있도록 함에 있어서의 가죽원단이 초기에 잉크젯프린터의 핀치로울과 구동로울의 사이에 원활하게 진입되어 주행할 수 있도록 하기 위하여, 잉크젯프린터에 대하여 가죽원단의 높낮이가 정확하게 셋팅된 상태를 유지할 수 있고, 또한 가죽원단의 후방은 잉크젯프린터로 진입되는 가죽원단의 전방과의 동일한 수평을 유지하여 주행할 수 있도록 하여, 가죽원단이 잉크젯프린터과의 높낮이가 조절된 상태로 주행할 수 있는 동시에, 가죽원단의 후방이 늘어져 가죽원단의 주행에 방해가 될 수 있는 요소를 해소할 수 있는 디지털 잉크젯 프린터 가죽원단의 낱장 공급 장치에 관한 것으로, 본 발명은 부정형의 가죽원단(20)이 낱장으로 잉크젯프린터(1)의 핀치로울(5)과 구동로울(6)에 공급되어 인쇄헤드(2)에서 가죽원단(20)의 위에 프린트가 행하여지도록 된 디지털 잉크젯 프린터 가죽원단의 낱장 공급 장치에 있어서, 가죽원단(20)의 낱장의 앞부분은 접이식스탠드(10)의 원단메인이송판(15)에 얹혀진 상태에서 잉크젯프린터(1)에 진입되는 높이로 조절되고, 가죽원단(20)의 뒤부분은 접이식스탠드(10)에 접었다 펼 수 있는 원단보조이송판(16)에 얹혀져서, 가죽원단(20)의 낱장이 잉크젯프린터(1)에 진입될 수 있도록 되어 있고, 또한 본 발명의 상기 접이식스탠드(10)는 원단메인이송판(15)에 대하여 힌지(14)를 중심으로 원단보조이송판(16)이 접었다 펼 수 있고, 상기 원단메인이송판(15)에는 받침대(11)와 다리(12)가 형성되어, 상기 받침대(11)는 잉크젯프린터의 몸체턱(7)에 유지되고, 상기 다리(12)는 나선이동가능한 높이조절수단(13)에 의하여 원단메인이송판(15)의 높이가 조절될 수 있도록 되어 있으며, 또한 본 발명의 상기 접이식스탠드(10)의 원단메인이송판(15)은 작업자가 잉크젯프린터(1)에 가죽원단(20)의 낱장을 핀치로울(5)과 구동로울(6)에 넣을 수 있는 간격(17)이고, 이 간격(17)에 추가적하여 원단메인이송판(15)으로부터 원단보조이송판(16)을 펴서 가죽원단(20)의 낱장의 뒤부분이 수평을 유지하며 안내되어, 잉크젯프린터(1)로 진입될 수 있도록 되어 있다.
Patent KR-20180000233-A (KR)
Inventor: CHO HYUN WOO
IPC: G01B3/12
Filed: 2016-06-22
Abstract: The present invention provides a length measurement tool in which a ball is rotationally inserted into an end of a body, and a sensor embedded in the body detects rotation of the ball through friction between the ball and the ground to calculate data with respect to a moving degree in X-axis and Y-axis directions and measure a length of a surface or an curved surface rotating the ball. The length measurement tool may comprise a head change function to change a head having a Bluetooth function connected to a computer or a mobile phone and the ball and a unit conversion function.
Patent KR-20180001742-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE YOON KI
IPC: C04B35/16
Filed: 2016-06-28
Abstract: The present invention relates to a vermiculite core for vehicles and a production method thereof. More specifically, the present invention relates to a vermiculite core for vehicles, which contains foam vermiculite and pearlstone and ensures optimized ratios and density thereof. The present invention relates to an aluminum component for vehicles produced by using the same, and a method for producing the vermiculite core for vehicles. According to the vermiculite core for vehicles, the aluminum component for vehicles produced by using the same, and the method for producing the vermiculite core for vehicles, the degree of freedom in design is high without need of extraction of the core, reduction in fatigue strength due to extraction holes barely occurs, thereby reducing production costs and weight.
Patent KR-20180003736-A (KR)
Inventor: KONG NAM YONG
IPC: G09G3/3233
Filed: 2016-06-30
Abstract: The present invention relates to a display device for displaying information in a standby mode and a driving method thereof. The display device comprises: a display panel having pixels arranged therein wherein the pixels include thin film transistors having poly silicone or amorphous silicone; and a display panel driving circuit configured to lower driving frequencies of the pixels in a standby mode to display information on the pixels. The pixels are synchronized with a data frequency of information displayed in the standby mode to be driven.
Patent KR-20180003738-A (KR)
Inventor: SHIN SUN KYUNG
IPC: G06F3/041
Filed: 2016-06-30
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a circuit for driving a touch sensor which quickly and accurately measures noise in the entire touch screen and a display apparatus using the same. The method for driving a touch sensor allows wirings of touch sensors to drive a sensing part with a preselected noise measurement frequencies while being connected to a sensing part or applies the noise measurement frequencies to the sensor wirings to measure noise of the touch sensors in each of the noise measurement frequencies.
Patent KR-20180006139-A (KR)
Inventor: PARK YOUNG HYUN
IPC: B01F7/18
Filed: 2016-07-08
Abstract: The present invention relates to a double-blade type stirring device for a fermenter. More specifically, the stirring device of the present invention comprises: a fermenter; a lower cart; an upper cart; a stirring unit; and a control unit. According to the present invention, a pair of rotary paddle units provided in the length direction of the fermenter, by minimizing the load exerted on a driving motor and a connection device when stirring a pile manure accumulated inside the fermenter, enables an effective stirring operation.
Patent KR-20180007387-A (KR)
Inventor: PARK JAE WAN
IPC: C23C14/24
Filed: 2016-07-12
Abstract: Provided is a thin film deposition apparatus which can monitor blockage of nozzles. According to the present invention, the thin film deposition apparatus comprises: a chamber; a first stage and a second stage for supporting substrates in the chamber; an evaporation source assembly moving between a first stage region corresponding to the first stage and a second stage region corresponding to the second stage, and including a plurality of nozzles from which a source material is ejected; and an imaging assembly arranged between the first stage and the second stage for imaging the nozzles.
Patent KR-20170012142-A (KR)
Inventor: LYS SEBASTIEN
IPC: G01S13/88
Filed: 2016-07-22
Abstract: The present invention relates to a radio electronic device to transceive radio wave, including a radio wave generator to generate a frequency-modulated radio wave by a preset modification signal and a transceiver antenna system, and a radio altimetry system associated with the same, wherein the radio electronic device has an associated antenna aperture value and a transmission-reception angle, can transmit the transmitted radio wave, and can receive a radio wave. According to the present invention, the antenna system (44) comprises: a first array (45) of emission elements (50a, 50b, 50c, 50d) capable of performing emission in a first frequency band; one or more second arrays (52i, 55, 56) of emission elements capable of performing emission in a second frequency band; a plurality of activation elements capable of activating and/or deactivating the first and the second array of the emission elements; and a control module capable of control the activation elements based on the selected antenna aperture value.
Patent KR-20180016912-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE SANG HA
IPC: F03G3/00
Filed: 2016-08-08
Abstract: A specific barrel for storing water is formed on an outer upper end of a wagon. The wagon is moved by gravity energy which the water in the barrel directly applies to the wagon by minimizing the amount of water which flows out between the barrel and the wagon. Accordingly, the present invention can generate large power with a small amount of water.