Patent GB-599329-A (GB)
Title: Process and apparatus for separating gas mixtures
IPC: F25J3/08
Filed: 1945-09-14
Abstract: 599,329. Separating gases by liquefaction. LINDE AIR PRODUCTS CO. Sept. 14, 1945, No. 23803. Convention date, Nov. 16, 1944. [Class 8 (ii)] A process for the elimination of higher boiling point impurities during the separation of a gas mixture by rectification at low temperatures in stages comprises providing a portion of the impurity-containing gas mixture at a temperature and pressure such that a substantial fraction thereof is liquid, withdrawing from the last stage of rectification a liquid rich in the higher boiling point constituent of said mixture and containing the impurities mainly in the solid state, filtering the withdrawn liquid, vaporizing the filtrate and returning the vapours to the last stage of rectification. In the process as applied to the separation of air and the elimination therefrom of carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons, the air after being cleaned in a water scrubber 11 is compressed to 1000 pounds per square inch and thereafter cooled, and a portion is liquefied by an expansion engine 29. The whole of the cooled air is preferably scrubbed with liquid air in a scrubber 32 ; impurities in the solid form being retained by the liquefied fraction and afterwards filtered therefrom by one of a pair of duplicate filters 36, 37. The filtrate is transferred by a conduit 42 into a low-pressure zone 50 of a rectifying column R, and the impurity-free gaseous fraction from the scrubber 32 is passed by a conduit 56 and control valve 56<1> to the lower portion of a high-pressure zone 44 of the rectifying column R. Oxygen containing liquid collecting at the lower end of the high-pressure zone 44, which is maintained at about 100 pounds per square inch, is transferred by a valve-controlled conduit 52 to the mid-portion of the low-pressure zone 50 of the column R which zone is maintained between 6 and 8 pounds per square inch. Nitrogen-rich liquid collecting on a shelf 48 is transferred to the upper end of the zone 50 for further refluxing. The impurity-containing oxygen-rich liquid collecting at the bottom of the zone 50 is withdrawn through a conduit 68 to a reservoir 70 front which it is forced by a pump 74 through one of a pair of duplicate filters 78, 79 similar to filters 36, 37. The filtered liquid, now freed from solid impurities, passes into the bottom of a vaporizing chamber 62 maintained at atmospheric pressure. The greater portion of the vapour is conducted through a conduit 87 to the heat-exchanger tubes 88 of an auxiliary condenser C from which tubes high purity liquid oxygen is withdrawn through a conduit 89. The remainder of the oxygen vapour from the vaporizing chamber 62 is transferred to the lower end of the zone 50. The residual filtered liquid in the chamber 62 and in which any remaining impurities are so concentrated as to be solidified, is continuously transferred by a conduit 90 and reducing value 90<1> to the vaporizing chamber 91 of the auxiliary condenser C. The residue of this second evaporation, which includes the further filterable impurities, is recirculated through the filters 78 or 79, and the vapour is passed by a conduit 92 to the lower end of the zone 50. Either of the filters 78, 79 may be purged of solid impurities by passing warm dry nitrogen from a conduit 96 through them in the reverse direction. In the event of removing from the air by 'chemical means the carbon dioxide component, either before or during compression. the scrubber 32 and filters 36, 37 may be isolated by byepass conduits 130, 125 leading to a conduit 156 connected to the base of the high-pressure zone 44 from which oxygencontaining liquid is transferred to the lowpressure zone 50 by the conduit 52 and an expansion valve 52. To prevent undue concentration of solid impurities at the base of the vaporizing chamber 62, the liquid may be transferred directly to the inlet of the pump 74 by a conduit not shown. The nitrogen gas produced by the separation process, flows from the top of the low-pressure zone through a conduit 64, heat-exchangers 24, 18 to an outlet 66.