Patent GB-538408-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the preparation of detergents
Filed: 1940-01-30
Abstract: 538,408. Wetting agents; sulphohalides ; selenohalides and tellurohalides. COLGATEPALMOLIVE-PEET CO. Jan. 30, 1940, No. 1831. Convention date, Nov. 2, 1939. [Classes 2 (iii) and 15 (ii)] [Also in Group III] A petroleum gas oil fraction boiling between 485‹ and 700‹F. is treated with chlorine and sulphur dioxide, in the gaseous state. On hydrolysis, the resulting sulphonyl chloride which preferably contains two or three chlorine atoms yields the corresponding sulphonic acid or a salt thereof. The gas oil before use may be treated with caustic soda, sulphuric acid, filter clay, silica gel or de-colourizing carbon, and the aromatic and unsaturated constituents may be separated by means of solvents such as liquid sulphurdioxide, a propane cresyllic acid mixture, phenol, furfural, a liquid sulphur dioxide benzene mixture or dichlordiethylether. The individual constituents of the gas oil may also be used as starting material. n-Heptadecane, n-docosane, n-tetradecane, n-octadecane and cetane are constituents which are specified. The gas oil or its constituents may be treated together with.decane, hexene, cetene, dodecene, tetraisobutylene, dodecane, hexane, heptadecane, octadecane, hexadecane, paraffin wax, slack wax, white oil, kerosene, lubricating oils, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, cholesterol, phytosterol, resins, fatty acids and their esters with mono and polyhydric alcohols, spermacetti, tallow, talloil, higher alcohols, chlorinated paraffin wax, chlorinated gas oil, cetyl chloride and olefinic halides. Salts of the acids obtained by hydrolysis may be formed with potassium, lithium, ammonia, calcium, magnesium, mono-, di- and tri-ethanolamine, aminotrimethylolmethane, amylamine, methylamine, aniline and pyridine. These salts are stated to have wetting, solubilizing, deterging, water softening, emulsifying and equalizing properties. They may be used alone or in association with soap, rosinates, higher alcohol sulphates, monoglyceride sulphates, sulphonated mineral oil extracts, turkey red oil, lecithin, glycerolamines, mono-, di- and tri-ethanolamines, sodium carbonate, sodium silicate, sodium phosphate, borax, tetraphosphoric, pyraphosphoric and hexametaphosphoric acids and their alkali metal, ammonium and amine salts or alkyl esters, boric, citric and tartaric acids, dyes, lakes, pigments, silica, pumice, feldspar, chalk, infusorial earth, hentonite, talc, starch, carbontetrachloride, trichlorethylene, glycerine, alcohol, glycol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, phenol, cyclohexanol, tetrahydronaphthalene, pine oil, mineral oil, perfumes, fats, oils, fatty acids, vitamins, waxes, gums,resins,glues, germicides,e.g. phenol mercury chloride, phenyl mercury chloride and nitrate, styptics, e.g. aluminium chloride, naphthaquinone, adrenalin and cephalin. In examples : (1) Pennsylvania gas oil fractions are treated with a mixture of chlorine and sulphurdioxide and the products hydrolized with caustic soda solution; an oily layer of unsulphonated oil is separated and the remainder after extraction with ether, bleached with chlorine ; (2) heptadecane is treated with a mixture of sulphurdioxide and chlorine and the product hydrolized with caustic soda. The products may be used for the preparation of sulphonamides, sulphonic acids or sulphuric esters. The process may be conducted in a continuous manner, including the operations of bleaching, hydrolysis, extraction, neutralizing and drying. The cation of the salts may be replaced by another by treating with soluble salts of inorganic acids having the desired cation in the presence of solvents such as acetone, butyl or ethyl alcohol, dioxane or monoglycerides. The products or compositions may be used in cleansing agents, cements, antiseptics, water softeners, disinfectants, water paints, polishes, sizes, glues, adhesives, e.g. shellac and casein compositions, tooth and mouth detergents, shampoos, cosmetics, laundry blue, mercerizing, dyeing, lubricating and discharging compositions, depilatories, dust-preventing and fire extinguishing compositions, radiator and drain cleaners, anti-freezing, anti-fogging and anti-corrosion compositions, wood impregnants, electrolytic and metal pickling baths, one flotation and etching compositions, tanning and fat liquors, photographic solutions, paint and stain removers, dry cleaners, fuel and lubricating compositions, petroleum de-emulsifiers, lypolytics and germicides. Specifications 511,614, 538,374 and 538,407 are referred to. The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 comprises also the substitution of chlorine by any halogen and sulphur dioxide by selenium or tellurium dioxide. This subjectmatter does not appear in the Specification as accepted. Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 537,841.