baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent JP-2023535171-A (JP)
Title: トラップされたイオンの平衡位置で振動電場の振幅を減少するための方法及びシステム
IPC: G06N10/40
Filed: 2020-07-22
Abstract: イオントラップ（５０１）の振動電気四極子場のゼロ位置で準静的電気双極子場の大きさを減少する方法（３００）であって、方法は、トラッピング電場に少なくとも１つのイオン（１０２、５０２）をトラップするステップであり、トラッピング電場は、電場振幅を備える、ステップと、干渉分光法シーケンスを用いるステップであり、トラッピング電場振幅が第１のトラッピング電場振幅を備えるとき、第１のレーザー（５０５）パルスを適用することと、トラッピング電場振幅が第１の電場振幅と異なる第２のトラッピング電場振幅を備えるとき、第２のレーザー（５０５）パルスを適用することと、イオン（１０２、５０２）の状態を測定することと、を含むステップと、干渉分光法シーケンスを繰り返して、イオン（１０２、５０２）の状態の複数の測定値を取得するステップと、トラップされたイオンが状態を変化する確率を決定するステップと、決定された確率に基づいてトラッピング電場を調整するステップと、を含む。【選択図】 図３
Patent JP-2023541042-A (JP)
Title: 操作可能な医療デバイス、医療デバイス用のハンドル、および医療デバイスを動作させるための方法
IPC: A61M25/01
Filed: 2021-08-17
Abstract: 医療デバイス用のハンドルは、ハンドル本体と、ハンドル本体に対して回転可能なノブとを含む。第１のギヤが、ノブに関連付けられる。スライド組立体が、ハンドル本体またはノブ内に収容される。スライド組立体は、第１の送りねじを含む。第２のギヤが、スライド組立体に関連付けられる。第３のギヤが、ハンドル本体またはノブ内に収容され、第１のギヤと第２のギヤとの間に結合される。ノブの回転は、第１のギヤの回転を駆動し、第１のギヤの回転は、第３のギヤの回転を駆動し、第３のギヤの回転は、第２のギヤの回転を駆動し、第２のギヤの回転は、送りねじの回転を駆動する。
Patent JP-2023546240-A (JP)
Title: 疾患を発症するリスクを評価する方法
IPC: C12Q1/6827
Filed: 2021-10-19
Abstract: 本開示は、ヒト被験者が冠動脈疾患、心房細動、または２型糖尿病などの疾患を発症するリスクを評価するための方法およびシステムに関する。これらの方法は、被験者の臨床的リスクと組み合わせて、リスク分析を改善することができる。そのような方法は、適切な治療およびモニタリングのレジメンについての意思決定を支援するために使用され得る。
Patent JP-2023543327-A (JP)
Title: セットリセットラッチを使用してワード線を駆動するためのシステムおよび方法
IPC: G11C8/08
Filed: 2021-10-18
Abstract: メモリビットセルの第1のコアと、メモリビットセルの第2のコアと、第1のコアおよび第2のコアによって共有されるプリデコード回路と、プリデコード回路、第1のコア、および第2のコアに結合される行デコーダとを含む、メモリデバイスであって、行デコーダは、第1のコアの第1のワード線に結合される第1のセットリセット(SR)ラッチと、第2のコアの第2のワード線に結合される第2のSRラッチとを含む、メモリデバイス。
Patent JP-2023553829-A (JP)
Title: ペダル駆動移動手段及びペダル駆動移動手段のためのフレーム
IPC: B62M6/55
Filed: 2021-11-26
Abstract: ペダル駆動移動手段のためのフレームが提供され、フレームは開放チャネルを画定する第１の部分を有する。フレームは、駆動アセンブリの動作クランク軸を画定するように駆動アセンブリが固定点によって開放チャネル内に固定可能となるようにクランク車軸を有する駆動アセンブリをフレームに解放可能に固定するための固定点を含む。フレームは、バッテリを受容するための１以上のコンパートメントを画定する。それにより、バッテリがコンパートメント内に配置された状態で、バッテリから駆動アセンブリへの動力の伝達のために（すなわち、クランク車軸を駆動するために）駆動アセンブリとの連通においてバッテリが配置可能となる。駆動アセンブリは、チャネルの非軸方向の移動において開放チャネル内外に移動可能である。
Patent JP-2024501846-A (JP)
Title: イオン選択性電極分析器における同時かつ選択的な洗浄および検出
IPC: G01N27/28
Filed: 2021-11-17
Abstract: ほとんどの臨床検査室または診断検査室での設定では、イオン選択性電極分析器を用いた電解質測定装置のための較正やコンプライアンスサービスに相当量の時間を要する。多くの場合、ユーザーは、診断精度を向上させることと、より高い作業負荷をより迅速にかつ予測可能に処理することとの間でトレードオフを余儀なくされる。現下のイオン選択性電極を用いた電解質測定装置では、精度と速度とについて高まる要求のバランスをとることは不可能である。本明細書で請求され説明されている技術は、イオン選択性電極分析器のための改良された装置を提供する。本明細書で請求され説明されている技術は、イオン選択性電極分析器の構成要素を同時かつ選択的に洗浄するための方法、および自動化された化学分析器においてイオン選択性電極分析器を使用して試料を同時かつ選択的に分析するための方法も提供する。
Patent JP-2024501349-A (JP)
Title: 服装加工用浸染装置
IPC: D06B3/00
Filed: 2021-03-27
Abstract: 服装加工用浸染装置であって、本体フレーム、浸染筒、撹拌アセンブリ、挟持アセンブリ及び処理アセンブリを含み、浸染筒は、半円型筒に設置され、処理アセンブリは、本体フレームに設置され、浸染筒の排出端側に位置する。本発明は、浸染筒及び挟持アセンブリを設置することにより、円形浸染筒と挟持アセンブリの組み合わせにより、材料が浸染筒内において回転して浸されることを実現し、浸し効率及び本発明の経済的利益を向上させ、摺動部材を設置することにより、異なるサイズの材料を浸しやすく、撹拌アセンブリを設置することにより、浸染筒内の染料を撹拌し、染料の均一性を向上させ、染料の沈殿を回避し、処理アセンブリを設置することにより、挟持アセンブリを利用して浸染終了後の材料を搬送し、材料を搬送爪に移動させ、材料に残った染料を収集し、材料を予備乾燥し、本浸染装置の機能性を向上させ、本発明の広い普及に有利である。
Patent JP-2023546753-A (JP)
Title: スロットレス回転電気機械
IPC: H02K3/47
Filed: 2021-10-22
Abstract: スロットレス回転電気機械は、スロットレス強磁性固定子の半径方向の空隙表面で形成された磁気空隙を横切って磁束を前後に駆動する複数の交番極性永久磁石を有する回転子を含む。固定子は、端に沿って巻かれて軸方向に延在する強磁性ストリップで形成された螺旋状の支持鉄と、支持鉄の半径方向の空隙表面における接着膜とを含む。外側サーブによって直径方向に包まれた個々に絶縁された撚りストランドを有するワイヤの電機子巻線は、接着膜に接着される。接着膜は、前記サーブを支持鉄に保持し、サーブは、ストランドを接着膜に保持する。電機子巻線は、磁気空隙間内で１本のワイヤの深さだけである１ワイヤ半径方向層で接着膜に直接形成された空芯巻線パターンにあり、複数の相の重なり合った端部ターンを有する。電機子巻線は、接着剤が硬化する間にそれらが形成して接着された後、グループとして前記接着膜に圧入され、その結果、ワイヤは、前記螺旋状の固定子支持鉄の前記半径方向の空隙表面に結合され、更に、接着膜に部分的に埋め込まれる。【選択図】図２
Patent JP-2024502202-A (JP)
Title: グリコシル化バクテリオルベリン及びその産業応用
IPC: A61K35/74
Filed: 2021-12-16
Abstract: 本発明は、モノグリコシル化バクテリオルベリン、ジグリコシル化バクテリオルベリン、トリグリコシル化バクテリオルベリン、テトラグリコシル化バクテリオルベリン、ペンタグリコシル化バクテリオルベリン、ヘキサグリコシル化バクテリオルベリン、ヘプタグリコシル化バクテリオルベリン、オクタグリコシル化バクテリオルベリン、ノナグリコシル化バクテリオルベリン、デカグリコシル化バクテリオルベリン、ウンデカグリコシル化バクテリオルベリン、及びドデカグリコシル化バクテリオルベリンから単離されたグリコシル化バクテリオルベリンに関する。本発明は、バクテリオルベリンカロテノイドのグリコシル化形態の精製又は合成、更に、特に医薬品、皮膚化粧品、機能性食品及び生物工学分野におけるその応用に特に関する。
Patent MX-2007001102-A (MX)
Title: Macrocyclic beta-secretase inhibitors.
Inventor: HUANG YING
IPC: A61P25/28
Filed: 2005-07-26
Abstract: Disclosed are novel compounds of the formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, n and X are as defined in the specification. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds of formula (I). Also disclosed are methodsof treating cognitive or neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Also disclosed are methods of treating a cognitive or neurodegenerative disease comprising administering to a patient I need of such treatment a combination of at least one compound of formula (I) and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of -secretase inhibitors other than those of formula (I),HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, gamma-secretase inhibitors, non-steroidalanti-inflammatory agents, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists, cholinesteraseinhibitors and anti-amyloid antibodies.
Patent MX-2007001198-A (MX)
Title: An apparatus and method for holding and protecting drug delivery devices.
Inventor: FREEZE TIMOTHY
IPC: A61M5/00
Filed: 2005-07-28
Abstract: Taught herein is a package for holding and storing articles such as drug delivery devices. An inner slide card with tray (12, 100) is loaded with drug delivery devices and inserted into an outer sleeve (200). Receiving slots (34, 114) and apertures(36, 38, 118) secure the drug delivery devices in a tray. Elements such as catches(40, 42) associated with the slide card or tray cooperatively engage elements such as catches (240) associated with the outer sleeve (200). The cooperative engagement of the respective catches provides a child-resistant feature and a spill-resistant feature. A release button (224) disengages the child-resistant feature. In addition, the horizontal orientation of the injectables provides easy access for a user who has limited dexterity as well as sufficient area to apply graphics.
Patent MX-2007009483-A (MX)
Title: Deadbolt clip / retainer for interior double cylinder sets.
Inventor: EBLING KEITH J
IPC: E05B15/02
Filed: 2007-08-03
Abstract: An escutcheon assembly for a deadbolt lock on a door, and particularly for the interior side of a double cylinder deadbolt lock. The escutcheon assembly generally comprises a tapered collar carried on the deadbolt cylinder (and retained by a flange on the cylinder), plus a decorative face plate substantially covering the cylinder and secured to the collar by a novel clip ad set screw mechanism. The collar has an annular groove defining opposing walls, the outermost wall (away from the door) having an inwardly angled surface to taper the groove. The decorative face plate has a clip protruding interiorly therein to a distal end that conforms to the tapered annular groove in the collar (for engagement therewith). A set screw is threaded into the frame opposite the clip and protrudes inward behind the aperture to a distal end that likewise conforms to the tapered annular groove in the collar (for engagement therewith). Insertion of the face plate clip into the groove of the collar and tig htening of the opposed set screw into the collar self-centers and affixes the decorative face plate over said cylinder flush against said door with a secure tamper-proof attachment, and the decorative face plate may take virtually any outward shape (rectangular, square, etc.) making it much easier to match inside and outside face plates.
Patent MX-2007009606-A (MX)
Title: Paper containers and container assemblies with cohesive.
Inventor: KIRKLAND H BERNARD
IPC: B65D77/20
Filed: 2006-02-02
Abstract: A paper container assembly comprises first and second paper containers. The first paper container includes a first continuous body portion and a first rim having a first surface. The first rim encompasses and projects laterally outwardly from the first body portion. The first surface of the first rim includes a first cohesive. The second paper container includes a second continuous body portion and a second rim having a second surface. The second rim encompasses and projects laterally outwardly from the second body portion. The second surface of the second rim includes a second cohesive. The first container and the second container are adapted to be releasably attachable to each other by pressing the first and second rims together such that the first cohesive and the second cohesive contact and releasably attach to each other.
Patent MX-2007010282-A (MX)
Title: Wireless communication method and apparatus for dynamically adapting packet transmission rates.
Inventor: ROY VINCENT
IPC: H04W28/18
Filed: 2006-01-30
Abstract: A method and apparatus for use by a first transceiver, (e.g., wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), access point (AP), node) for adjusting the transmission rate of packets transmitted to a second transceiver based on signals the first transceiver receives from the second transceiver. In one embodiment, a transmission packet error rate (Tx PER) process is used to adjust the packet transmission rate. In another embodiment, a relative signal strength indicator (RSSI)-based process is used to determine the RSSI of packets received at the first transceiver from the second transceiver for adjusting the packet transmission rate. In another embodiment, transmission quality indicators are measured at the second transceiver and are sent to the first transceiver, which derives a new packet transmission rate therefrom. The Tx PER and RSSI-based processes may be used individually, in combination, or in conjunction with other processes.
Patent MX-2007011077-A (MX)
Title: Device for gripping the neck of hollow bodies and hollow body transport installation which is equipped with such devices.
Inventor: LAPERT CHRISTOPHE
IPC: B29C49/42
Filed: 2006-03-10
Abstract: The invention relates to a device (5) for gripping the exterior of the neck (10) of a hollow body. The inventive device comprises an annular body (18) bearing gripping pieces (11, 12, 13, 14) comprising respective support faces (29). The aforementioned gripping pieces can be moved radially and stressed by elastic means (15) so that they can occupy a first radial position in which they rest against a limit stop of the annular body (18) in such a way that the support face (29) projects into the annular body (18) and a second radial position in which they are driven back in such a way that the support face (29) is applied against the outer wall of the neck (10) of a hollow body that is engaged in the annular body (18). The support faces (29) of the gripping pieces (11, 12, 13, 14) are arched in the general form of a cylindrical arc.
Patent MX-2007012607-A (MX)
Title: Preparation of tadalafil intermediates.
Inventor: DILLER DOV
IPC: C07D471/04
Filed: 2006-04-12
Abstract: Provided is a process for preparing tadalafil intermediates in various solvents. Also provided is a method for converting said intermediates to tadalafil.
Patent MX-2007014507-A (MX)
Title: Aminopiperidine quinolines and their azaisosteric analogues with antibacterial activity.
Inventor: MORNINGSTAR MARSHALL
IPC: C07D519/00
Filed: 2006-05-23
Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds that demonstrate antibacterial activity, processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing them as the active ingredient, to their use as medicaments and to their use in the manufacture of medicaments for use in the treatment of bacterial infections in warm blooded animals such as humans. In particular this invention relates to compounds useful for the treatment of bacterial infections in warm-blooded animals such as humans, more particularly to the use of these compounds in the manufacture of medicaments for use in the treatment of bacterial infections in warm blooded animals such as humans.
Patent MX-2008000179-A (MX)
Title: Resource management for virtualization of graphics adapters.
Inventor: GREEN DUSTIN L
IPC: G06F17/00
Filed: 2006-07-10
Abstract: Mechanisms are provided for the sharing of graphics adapter resources among multiple partitions in a virtual machine environment. A first mechanism allows for the sharing of graphics adapter resources so that one partition, a video service partition, containing a graphics proxy process, can use this graphics proxy process to offer graphics adapter resources to another partition, a video client partition. The graphics proxy process controls access time by any given partition to the graphics adapter resources. In one aspect, it uses a time bank to control access time, and the time bank controls how long a virtual graphics adapter offered to the video client partition can access the graphics adapter resources. A second mechanism synchronizes virtual memory in the video client partition to virtual memory in the video service partition. A third mechanism allows for multiple video client partition overlays using a pixel-shader-based virtual overlay mechanism.
Patent MX-2008005914-A (MX)
Title: Flame retardant wire and cable.
Inventor: REYES JOSE D
IPC: H01B3/00
Filed: 2008-05-07
Abstract: Cables include a conductor core and an insulative wall. The insulative wall is generally ultra-thin, and may have a thickness of from about 0.10 mm to about 0.44 mm. The insulative wall includes a flame retardant additive and is essentially halogen free.
Patent MX-2008007415-A (MX)
Title: Protocol for detecting protein in a culture containing an embryo.
Inventor: GRUNFELD LAWRENCE
IPC: C12Q1/00
Filed: 2006-12-04
Abstract: The present invention provides methods to determine the sex of an embryo by detecting the presence of a protein associated with the Y chromosome in a sample of culture medium obtained by sampling a culture medium containing the embryo. The present invention further provides methods to identify a protein associated with the Y chromosome as a protein present in a sample of culture medium obtained by sampling a culture medium containing a male embryo, but absent in a sample of culture medium obtained by sampling a culture medium containing a female embryo.
Patent MX-2008010376-A (MX)
Title: Pallet.
Inventor: OGBURN SEAN T
IPC: B65D19/00
Filed: 2008-08-13
Abstract: A pallet includes an upper deck and columns extending downwardly. A portion of the upper deck protrudes outwardly relative to an outer surface of the columns. Anti-shingling protrusions are formed on the outer surface of the column below the deck in order to prevent shingling of the pallet with another pallet.
Patent MX-2009000948-A (MX)
Title: Method of preparing glass and ceramic enamels on glass for adhesive bonding.
Inventor: SCHMATLOCH STEFAN
IPC: C11D3/00
Filed: 2008-05-19
Abstract: In one embodiment, the invention is a method comprising contacting a composition comprising i) alumina particles having a particle size of about 1 to about 40 microns and a Mohs hardness of about 9.0 to about 9.5; ii) one or more alkyl sulphates; iii) one or more thickeners; and iv) water with the surface of glass or a ceramic frit disposed on the surface of glass. The contacting can be performed by applying the composition to the surface of the glass or the ceramic frit using an application apparatus. In one embodiment, the composition further comprises a lubricant. In another embodiment, the composition further comprises one or more ethoxylated alcohols. In another embodiment, the composition further comprises one or more fragrances.
Patent MX-2009001074-A (MX)
Title: Anti-microbial photodynamic therapy.
Inventor: GITTER BURKHARD
IPC: A61K31/00
Filed: 2007-07-27
Abstract: Antimicrobial molecular conjugates for the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms in human and animals are provided. The key to these conjugates is a special spacer connecting at least one photosensitizer to a microorganism receptor (vector) which in turn binds selectively to the surface of a microorganism bringing about photo-destruction upon irradiation. Spacers having hydrophilic structure such as ethylene glycol units and amino carboxyl end capped ethylene glycol units must be used for linking the vector to the photosensitizer. In a preferred embodiment a spacer would have at least 3 ethylene glycol units and be end capped with a carboxyl group on one end and a amino group at the other end. The present invention effectively works to combat bacterial infection in the real patient-related environments where blood, serum and other body fluids are always present or at least nearby, of selected length and structure, in preferred embodiments, are used for linking the vector to the photosensitizer. These conjugate are found to be very effective in combating bacterial infection in the real patient-related environments where blood, serum and other body fluids are always present or a least nearby. A method of use is also provided.
Patent MX-2009002704-A (MX)
Title: Probe actuated bottle cap and liner.
Inventor: HIDDING DOUGLAS J
IPC: B65D51/00
Filed: 2009-03-11
Abstract: A cap for use with bottled water dispensing systems. The cap includes a main cap and a liner. The main cap has an opening which receives and seals against a probe. The liner is gripped between the main cap and the bottle neck and has a outside part and an inner movable part. The inner movable part is linked to the outer part by a large connecting section that serves as a hinge, and breakable or frangible connecting section. When the bottle is lowered onto the dispensing system, the probe enters into the opening in the main cap, breaks the frangible connection, and pushes the inner movable part open like a flap. The liner, at the location of the large connecting section, is resilient such that the inner movable part tends to close when the bottle is removed from the dispensing system. When the breakable connecting section is a cut in the liner that does not extend through the liner, the liner itself acts as an additional barrier to the egress of the contents from the container and acts as a barrier to the ingress of dirt or organisms into the container.
Patent MX-2009003540-A (MX)
Title: Improved depolluting coating composition.
Inventor: STRATTON JOHN
IPC: C09D7/65
Filed: 2007-09-26
Abstract: The invention is a coating composition comprising photocatalytic titanium dioxide particles, an opacifying agent, a silicone compound, de-HNO3 particles, styrene resin hollow microspheres, and a solvent. The combination of a silicone compound and styrene resin hollow microspheres in a depolluting coating composition results in improved opacity and durability compared to conventional coatings.
Patent MX-2009005080-A (MX)
Title: Rf systems and methods for processing salt water.
Inventor: KANZIUS JOHN
IPC: C01B3/04
Filed: 2007-11-13
Abstract: Systems and methods for processing salt water and/or solutions containing salt water with RF energy. Exemplary systems and methods may use RF energy to combust salt water, produce hydrogen from salt water or solutions containing salt water, to volatilize a secondary fuel present in solutions containing salt water, to produce and combust hydrogen obtained from salt water or solutions containing salt water, to volatilize and combust secondary fuel sources present in solutions containing salt water, to desalinate seawater, and to carry out the electrolysis of water are presented. An exemplary system may comprise a reservoir for containing a salt water solution or salt water mixture; a reaction chamber having an inlet and an outlet; a feed line operatively connecting the reservoir to the inlet of the reaction chamber; an RF transmitter having an RF generator in circuit communication with a transmission head, the RF generator capable of generating an RF signal absorbable by the salt water solution or the salt water mixture having a frequency for transmission via the transmission head; and an RF receiver; wherein the reaction chamber is positioned such that it is between the RF transmission head and the RF receiver.
Patent MX-2009006604-A (MX)
Title: Pesticide composition comprising fosetyl-aluminium, propamocarb-hcl and an insecticide active substance.
Inventor: THIELERT WOLFGANG
IPC: A01N57/12
Filed: 2007-12-21
Abstract: The present invention relates to a pesticide composition intended for protecting plants, crops or seeds against phyto-pathogenic fungi or damaging insects, and the corresponding methods of treatment using the said composition. More precisely, the subject of the present invention is a pesticide composition based on fosetyl-Al, propamocarb-HCl, an insecticide active substance and optionally a further fungicide active substance.
Patent MX-2009008572-A (MX)
Title: Stable pharmaceutical drug aerosols.
Inventor: SHERWOOD JILL K
IPC: A61K9/00
Filed: 2007-02-09
Abstract: Various aspects of the present invention provide for methods of manufacturing a pharmaceutical drug product, which include storing a container at a temperature greater than ambient conditions for at least about seven days and conducting release testing on the container after storing. Products manufactured by this method have a more consistent fine particle size distribution (FSD) and fine particle fraction (FPF) at ambient conditions and at accelerated stability conditions over the life of the drug product. Advantageously, such products may more reliably and regularly pass testing requirements as required for an approved drug product by regulatory authorities such as the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA).
Patent MX-2009010522-A (MX)
Title: Pivoting slide closure.
Inventor: CRONIN EDWARD P
IPC: B65D1/24
Filed: 2009-09-30
Abstract: A slider package is illustrated which includes a lid which can be linearly translated and selectively pivoted relative to a container. A slide assembly is provided between the lid and container which may include tracks and at least one follower such as one or more projecting cylindrical tabs which slide against and can be rotated relative to the tracks. Partition spacers may also be employed to separate and space individual units of consumable products. This feature may also be employed in a non-slider package such as a container having a lid which is permanently connected to the container by a living hinge. The packages are preferably formed through plastic molding.
Patent MX-2009011898-A (MX)
Title: Compositions and methods for treating disorders associated with salt or fluid retention.
Inventor: CURRIE MARK G
IPC: A61K31/4706
Filed: 2008-04-23
Abstract: Methods for reducing the risk of or treating a disorder associated with fluid and/or salt retention in a patient are described. The methods include administering to the patient an agent selected from: a) an agent that reduces sodium absorption in the intestine; b) an agent that increases anion secretion in the intestine; or c) an agent that both reduces sodium absorption in the intestine and increases anion secretion in the intestine.
Patent MX-2009011958-A (MX)
Title: Morphinan compounds.
Inventor: TUNG ROGER
IPC: C07D471/08
Filed: 2008-04-30
Abstract: This disclosure relates to novel morphinan compounds and their derivatives, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, and hydrates thereof. This disclosure also provides compositions comprising a compound of this disclosure and the use of such compositions in methods of treating diseases and conditions that are beneficially treated by administering a Ï1 receptor agonist that also has NMDA antagonist activity.