Patent GB-1244719-A (GB)
Title: Fluid actuator assemblies
Inventor: IVUNEN ERKKI ANTERO KO
IPC: F16H3/66
Filed: 1970-04-23
Abstract: 1,244,719. Change-speed gear; multi-disc disc brakes; actuating cylinders. GENERAL MOTORS CORP. 23 April, 1970. [11 June, 1969], No. 19479/70. Headings F2D, F2E and F2F. Annular piston-and-cylinder actuators 82, 126 of reaction disc-brakes 76, 98 in a planetary change-speed gear on a motor-vehicle, are provided with means whereby they may be pre-assembled as a unit with their pistonretraction springs 88, 130 pre-compressed, ready for assembly into the gear casing 10. For this purpose each piston 82 (126) is formed with posts 83 projecting axially from its rear faces, and carrying friction retaining rings 89, which in the pre-installed unit, support a disc 87 (133), forming an abutment for retraction springs 88 (130), thereby maintaining the springs compressed in the sub-assembly unit. The pistons 82, 126 slide in annular cylinders formed in a central casing-web 84, forming part of the sub-assembly unit, and attached to the gear casing 10 by fittings 94<SP>1</SP>. An additional reaction brake 146 may or may not be similarly formed and all the outer-splined brakediscs engage splines 151, 123 and 90 inside the casing 10. Assembly is as follows. The single brake 146 is first assembled in the casing and retained by a snap-ring, followed by the gear trains (described below) and the disc pack of the brake 98 retained by a snap-ring 93, with the reaction plate 125 bearing on a spline shoulder 12311. Next comes the above-described sub-assembly of the centre web 84 and piston-cylinder units, followed by a wedge snap-ring 91 which bears against the spring-abutment disc 87, taking the retraction spring load off the friction retaining rings 89 which held that load during preassembly. Finally installed are the disc pack and reaction plate 75 of the brake 76 retained by a snap-ring 77, and followed by the input clutches 40, 42. The radial fittings 94<SP>1</SP> are then installed to hold the centre web 84. The pistons 82, (126) bear on the disc packs through radially spaced rearward arcuate extensions 79, 81, the outer, 81, being gapped to receive teeth 8711 on the spring abutment rings 87. Piston rotation is prevented by lugs 163, 164 and by axial pins (161), Fig. 2 (not shown), on the web. Servo liquid passages for the brakes and clutches are provided in the web 84. Gear train.-The three brakes and two clutches provide three reduced ratios, direct drive and two reverse ratios from three sun-ring-planet 16, 18, 20, the drive entering from a torqueconverter at 36, and issuing at 144 from the connected rear and centre carriers 120, 118 and front ring 116. In all forward ratios the clutch 40 is engaged to drive the connected rear sun 138 and centre ring 134. For first, the rear ring 142 is braked at 146 for simple reduction in the rear train 20. Second, using the brake 98 on the front carrier 114, is compounded in the front two trains 16, 18. Third, using the brake 76 on the two connected front suns 108, 110, is a simple reduction in the centre train 18 alone, whilst fourth is a lock-up by both clutches 40, 42, the latter driving the connected front suns 108, 110. For both reverse ratios the clutch 42 is engaged without 40 to drive the suns 108, 110. First reverse is compounded in the centre and rear trains 18, 20, using the brake 146 on the rear ring 142. Second reverse uses the brake 98 on the carrier 114 of the front train 16, which acts alone.