baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent FR-2536696-B1 (FR)
IPC: B28B23/00
Filed: 1982-11-26
Granted: 1986-01-10
Abstract: 1. A method of making thin slabs moulded with a network reinforcement (3), said reinforcement being formed by a plane network of long-limbed elements, of high mechanical strength and of a density substantially equal or smaller than that of the material constituent of the plate (1), the reinforcement (3) being placed on the moulded plate with the material of said plate still in the plastic state, and driven into it, characterized in that the reinforcement network (3) is driven in by a presser (16) forming a plane network of spaced apart ridges (17, 18).
Patent FR-2539027-B1 (FR)
IPC: A61K9/02
Filed: 1983-01-07
Granted: 1987-03-06
Abstract: 1. Contraceptive and therapeutic endo-uterine device comprising copper as well as natural progesterone and amino-6-caproic acid, these two last substances being enclosed in a hydrophobic material allowing their diffusion in an aqueous medium, characterized in that it exhibits a T-shape according to Figure 1/1 both horizontal arms (3, 4) of which form two independent cavities (5, 6) containing the natural progesterone (7) and the amino-6-caproic acid (8), respectively and the leg (2) of which constitutes a silver core (12) on which is wound a copper wire (10).
Patent FR-2581503-B1 (FR)
Inventor: MEUNIER JEAN-PAUL
IPC: A01G31/00
Filed: 1985-05-07
Granted: 1988-09-16
Abstract: Substrata for soil-free cultivation are characterized by a relatively low by-volume mass. They are also constituted of fine fibers. The substrata present the advantage of a high degree of water retention, even for small thicknesses.
Patent FR-2599274-B1 (FR)
Inventor: HAY LEON
IPC: C01B3/56
Filed: 1986-06-02
Granted: 1988-08-26
Abstract: Process comprising: a) isobaric concurrent production (fp1 - fp2); b) equilibration between the said adsorber under partial vacuum and another countercurrent adsorber under recompression (fC1 - N4); c) a partial countercurrent evacuation towards a storage vessel (fR); d) a final countercurrent decompression (fa); e) countercurrent sweeping with gas of the storage vessel (fb); f) a partial countercurrent recompression by at least one equilibration (f'e); g) a final countercurrent recompression (f'd1 - f'd2); according to which process the sum of the durations of the operations according to c) and d) is smaller than the said dephasing and the sum of the durations of the operations according to c), d) and e) is smaller than twice the said dephasing; h) at least two adsorbers are simultaneously on isobaric production, characterised by: i) the number of adsorbers is at least equal to four and smaller than 3 + x + y, x and y being the number of adsorbers on production and y the number of equilibrations; j) the evacuation is introduced into the storage; k) each equilibration is "direct".
Patent FR-2601675-B1 (FR)
Inventor: COLIN MICHEL
IPC: C07D305/14
Filed: 1986-07-17
Granted: 1988-09-23
Abstract: Taxol derivatives of formula I in which R represents hydrogen or acetyl, one of R1 or R2 represents hydroxy and the other represents tert-butoxycarbonylamino and their isomers are useful antitumor agents.
Patent FR-2612628-B1 (FR)
IPC: G01B9/02
Filed: 1987-03-17
Granted: 1993-09-10
Abstract: A measuring device employing laser interferometry, and featuring a device for tracking a mobile target; which tracking device is located between a light source and a semireflecting mirror, for the purpose of eliminating any inaccuracy due to the construction of the aforementioned measuring device.
Patent FR-2638433-B1 (FR)
Inventor: DUPUIS YVES
IPC: A45D40/22
Filed: 1988-10-28
Granted: 1990-11-30
Abstract: A packaging pot for marketing various products, comprising a container housed within a casing body covered by a casing lid which pivots about a horizontal articulation, with a resilient snap-action closure system releasable by manual action on an externally projecting lug. The container is clamped in a single-piece ring comprising a lower annular member which is integral with the container and a pivoting upper annular member which is joined to the lower annular member by means of a flexible hinge-strap, the two annular members being provided respectively with complementary snap-fastening elements, the top portion of the casing body being fastened around the lower annular member and the bottom portion of the casing lid being fastened around the upper annular member.
Patent FR-2655988-B1 (FR)
IPC: A61P25/04
Filed: 1989-12-20
Granted: 1994-05-20
Abstract: Compounds of the formula I: (I) in which: n=1-4, R represents hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, hydroxyl or alkoxy, R1 represents a radical -NHCOR2 (A1); (in which R2 represents alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl optionally substituted-, -O-alkyl, 3-pyridyl, 2-pyrrolyl, quinolyl, 1-isoquinolyl, 2-thienyl or 3-indolyl); a radical of -NHS02R3 (A2) (in which R3 represents alkyl, cycloalkyl or phenyl optionally substituted); a radical -NHCONHR4 (A3) (in which R4 represents alkyl or phenyl-optionally substituted); a phthalimido radical (A4); an o-sulfobenzoic imido radical (A5); a di(benzoyl)amino radical (A6) optionally substituted; a radical of formula A7: (A7) (in which R5 represents carbamoyl, cyano, carboxy or alkoxycarbonyl); or a radical of formula A8: (A8) their stereoisomers and their addition salts with a pharmaceutically-acceptable inorganic or organic acid, are disclosed to be useful as 5-HT1A receptor ligands and accordingly as the active principle in medicinal products containing the same.
Patent FR-2657200-B1 (FR)
Inventor: MICHELLE BILSTEIN
IPC: H02B1/052
Filed: 1990-01-12
Granted: 1992-05-15
Abstract: The device for clipping modular electrical apparatuses to be juxtaposed, which usually includes a latch (2) with elastic return member (3) intended to co-operate with one wing (26) of a support rail (25) for hooking up and dismounting the apparatus, which includes lateral terminals intended to be connected to a busbar (28), furthermore includes a second latch (11), with a second elastic member (12) for return towards the centre of the box (1) of the apparatus, intended to co-operate with the other wing (26) and in that the latches (2, 11) are arranged so as to be able to permit translation of the box (1) of the modular electrical apparatus parallel to the plane passing through the wings (26) of the support rail (25), in the direction of approach or separation of the lateral terminals (27) relative to the busbar (28).
Patent FR-2670477-B1 (FR)
Inventor: REMY DIEBOLT
IPC: B66C23/62
Filed: 1990-12-14
Granted: 1995-07-28
Abstract: Crane essentially constituted by a jib (1) and by a jib post (2) for receiving the jib (1) mounted on a vehicle chassis or fixed, characterised in that the jib post (2) is fixed onto the chassis, in that the jib (1) is articulated on a rotary device (3), guided on or in the jib post (2) and provided with a part (4) traversing the said jib post (2) and interacting in its lower portion with a rotary actuator (5) for the jib (1), which is provided, at its free end for mounting a hook, a grab or another tool, with a similar rotary actuator.
Patent FR-2689224-B1 (FR)
Title: Procede et installation de production d'azote sous haute pression et d'oxygene.
Inventor: KOEBERLE YVES
IPC: F25J3/04
Filed: 1992-03-24
Granted: 1994-05-06
Abstract: Suivant ce procédé, après réchauffement de l'azote issu de la colonne basse pression (11), on le comprime à la haute pression au moyen d'un unique compresseur d'azote (7), et l'on fait fonctionner la colonne basse pression (11) sous une pression de l'ordre de PN /rhoN , ou PN désigne la haute pression d'azote et rhoN le taux de compression dudit compresseur d'azote. Application à la production simultanée d'une part d'azote à haute pureté sous une pression comprise entre 50 et 60 bars, et d'autre part d'oxygène sous 65 bars, pour alimenter une unité de production d'ammoniac.
Patent FR-2695580-B1 (FR)
Inventor: BARBE JACQUES
IPC: B22D11/06
Filed: 1992-09-14
Granted: 1994-10-21
Abstract: The installation includes two cooled rolls (1, 2) driven in rotation and two lateral walls (3) pressed against the front ends (6, 7) of the rolls and delimiting with the latter a casting space for the liquid metal, and, at least locally in zones (10, 11) in which the lateral walls face the front ends of the rolls, a layer (21) of a self-lubricating solid material.
Patent FR-2710717-B1 (FR)
Inventor: DETABLE PASCAL
IPC: F16L25/06
Filed: 1993-10-01
Granted: 1995-12-22
Abstract: The connection consists of a rigid tube (1) fixed in a connector (2), the tube being provided at a distance from its free end (1b) with a rim (1a) making a radial projection from the outer surface of the tube which presents a radial shoulder (1c) opposite to the free end (1b). The connector has a first internal recess for an annular sealing joint (6) which makes contact with the outside surface of the tube between the free end and the rim and a second internal recess (3a) to receive a locking ring (4) which is elastically deformable radially. The locking ring (4) is made from a thin metal band in an oblong form, the central region being cylindrical shaped (4a,4b) whose diameter in the free state is roughly equal to the diameter of the tube (1). The zone at the extreme ends of the section are in the form of an inverted `U' (4c) whose base projects through an opening (3c) in the body of the coupling.
Patent FR-2715563-B1 (FR)
Inventor: NADAUD JEAN-FRANCOIS
IPC: A61K8/92
Filed: 1994-01-31
Granted: 1996-03-15
Abstract: A stabilised cosmetic and/or dermatological moisturising emulsion comprises a lipid phase, an aq. phase, ≥ 1 emulsifier and ≥ 1 moisturising agent. The aq. phase contains ≥ 1 phosphate cpd. (I) which releases a skin moisturisation promoter by enzymatic reaction on contact with the skin; and that the lipid phase contains ≥ 1 silicone oil (II) and/or perfluorinated oil (III). (I) is a vitamin phosphate (esp. an ascorbic acid phosphate), nucleotide, phosphated hydroxyacetone, glycerophosphate or mixt.. The compsn. contains both (II) and (III), and opt. further contains a silicone gum and/or a vegetable oil. The emulsifier is an oxyethylenated nonionic surfactant or a sugar ester, pref. a fatty alcohol/1-30 mols. ethylene oxide adduct. The moisturising agent is a polyol, esp. glycerol. The emulsion contains 1-20% moisturising agent, 0.01-10% (I) and 0.1-10% emulsifier (all based on total emulsion wt.), and opt. further contains an additive selected from preservatives, perfumes, fillers, gelling agents (other than silicone gum), simple electrolytes and co-emulsifiers.
Patent FR-2739447-B1 (FR)
Inventor: SCLIFFET LAURENT
IPC: G01L5/24
Filed: 1995-09-29
Granted: 1997-10-24
Abstract: The force sensor (2) allows monitoring of the tightening of an assembly of components (3,5) which are held together by a threaded shaft (1) with a nut (7) screwed on to the projected end. The sensor is in the shape of a washer (4) which fits between the uppermost component (3) and the clamp nut so that it is compressed by the action of tightening the nut. The sensors consists of two half shells (4a, 4b) with strain gauges (6) mounted in the space defined between these two halves. In cross-section each of the half shells is of L-shape, with the two L-shapes defined a box between them. The strain gauges are mounted on the vertical wall on one element with connection wires leading out through a sleeve (8) in the outer element.
Patent FR-2748404-B1 (FR)
Inventor: COLLETTE CHRISTIAN
IPC: A61F13/53
Filed: 1996-05-09
Granted: 1998-07-24
Abstract: Certain mixtures of two superabsorbent powders having very different capillary suctions exhibit a resulting capillary suction which approaches the higher value. The resulting mixtures simultaneously exhibit a high capillary suction and a high intrinsic absorption capacity.
Patent FR-2794441-B1 (FR)
Inventor: FLAMME ROBERT
IPC: B65F1/00
Filed: 1999-06-01
Granted: 2001-08-03
Abstract: The manipulator consists of a gripper (3) for the bin (6), a mechanism for moving it vertically, a tipping mechanism and a moving guide panel (5) set in line with a waste separator (7) inside the bin. The guide panel is pivoted to the ends of the two arms (18) of a fork articulated to the gripper and is itself controlled by the arms as the bin is tipped. The collection vehicle also has a selector with a shutter to determine which of its compartments is opened to receive the waste.
Patent FR-2800300-B1 (FR)
Inventor: CHANE-CHING JEAN YVES
IPC: C01B37/02
Filed: 1999-11-02
Granted: 2002-12-20
Abstract: The invention concerns a heat-stable ordered mesoporous or mesostructured material comprising a mineral phase wherein are dispersed particles of nanometric dimension at least partly crystaline, the global crystallinity index of said mesostructured or ordered mesoporous material being less than 10% in volume. The invention also concern a method for obtaining such a material.
Patent HU-227402-B1 (HU)
Title: Novel piperazinyl alkylthio pyrimidinyl derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions containing such active ingredients and process for producing the active ingredients
Inventor: SIMIG GYULA DR
IPC: C07D239/00
Filed: 2000-06-06
Abstract: Piperazinyl-alkylthiopyramidines (I), useful for treating central nervous system diseases, are new. Piperazinyl-alkylthiopyramidines (I) and their acid addition salts are new: [Image] R 1hydrogen (H), 1-4C alkyl, 1-4C alkanoyl or di(1-4C alkyl)amino(1-4C alkyl); R 2H or benzyl substituted with 1-3 groups from 1-4C alkyl, 1-4C alkoxy, di(1-4C alkyl)amino, hydroxy or halo; and n : 2-4. Independent claims are made for: (1) pharmaceutical compositions comprising (I) or their acid addition salts and one or more conventional carriers; and (2) a process for making (I). ACTIVITY : Anxiolytic; neuroprotective. SPRD Male rats were subjected to an elevated plus-maze test to compare the anxiolytic effects of oral 6 diamino-2-[2-(1-piperazinyl)ethylthio]-5-(4-fluorobenzyl)-pyrimidine trihydrochloride hydrate (Ia) (a compound of (I)). The minimum effective doses were (Ia) 0.01 mg/kg and diazepam 1 mg/kg. MECHANISM OF ACTION : None stated.
Patent HU-220463-B1 (HU)
Inventor: DR BLOODWORTH ROBERT
IPC: C08F2/18
Filed: 1997-11-14
Abstract: A találmány szerinti eljárás ioncserélők előállításáhozmikrokapszulázott polimerizátum előállítására szolgál vizes fázisbanszuszpendált mikrokapszulákban lévő monomercseppek polimerizálásaútján, amelynek során 10–1000 ppm mennyiségben legalább 1polimerizációs inhibitort tartalmazó vizes fázist alkalmaznak. A fentieljárással előállított termékek funkcionalizálásával ioncserélőkállíthatók elő. A találmány tárgyköréhez tartozik e mikrokapszulázottpolimerizátum alkalmazása is. ŕ
Patent HU-221764-B1 (HU)
Title: Twin fluid nozzle
Inventor: NEWTON
IPC: B01J8/24
Filed: 1995-12-21
Abstract: A method for injecting a liquid directly into a fluidised bed and a configuration of at least one twin nozzle in which a gas is used to atomise the liquid and each nozzle permits a dispersion of liquid into a vessel containing the fluidised bed.
Patent HU-227939-B1 (HU)
Title: Dissolvable oxides for biological applications
Inventor: AHOLA MANJA
IPC: A61K9/06
Filed: 1997-05-29
Abstract: A controllable dissolvable silica-xerogel prepared via sol-gel process is new. Also claimed are particles of the silica-xerogel, and a delivery device, comprising the silica-xerogel and a biologically active agent in the gel.
Patent JP-3038205-B1 (JP)
Title: 導波管給電型平面アンテナ
IPC: H01Q11/08
Filed: 1999-03-09
Granted: 2000-05-08
Abstract: 【要約】
【課題】簡単な構成で高効率な２周波数共用の導波管給 電型平面アンテナを提供することを目的とする。
【解決手段】矩形導波管を用いた給電導波管１の短辺を 並列に配列し、各給電導波管１の上面に複数の放射素子 ２を設ける。各放射素子２の下側には、Ｔ字型プローブ ６を設け、給電導波管１内に挿入する。この場合、プロ ーブ６は、給電導波管１の上面に、導波管軸方向に対し て直角に設けたスリット１１より給電導波管１内に挿入 する。そして、比較的離れた周波数ｆ１とｆ２の給電を １枚の構成で行なう場合、ｆ１用給電導波管４とｆ２用 給電導波管５を１本おきに配列して給電を行なう。この 場合、ｆ１用放射素子はｆ２用給電導波管５の外部表面 を地板とし、ｆ２用放射素子はｆ１用給電導波管４の外 部表面を地板とすることで、２周波数共用の平面アンテ ナを構成する。
Patent JP-3077692-B1 (JP)
Title: 給電線を利用した通信システム
IPC: B60M7/00
Filed: 1999-03-31
Granted: 2000-08-14
Abstract: 【要約】
【課題】  大規模な搬送システムにおいて、台車の動作 を確実に制御できる通信システムを提供する。
【解決手段】  台車１０を案内するための案内レール１ に沿って給電線２が敷設されている。基地局２０は、台 車１０の動作を制御する。基地局２０から台車１０へ伝 送すべき信号は、分配ブースタ３１により複数の結合器 ３２ａ〜３２ｄに分配される。結合器３２ａ〜３２ｄ は、それぞれ分配ブースタ３１により与えられる信号を 給電線２に重畳する。台車１０は、結合器１１を用いて 給電線２に重畳されている信号をピックアップする。
Patent NL-2015364-B1 (NL)
Title: User interface for receiving user input.
Inventor: NICHOLAS ZAMBETTI
IPC: H04L12/58
Filed: 2015-08-28
Granted: 2017-12-13
Abstract: The present disclosure relates to user interfaces for receiving user input. In some examples, a device determines which user input technique a user has accessed most recently, and displays the corresponding user interface. In some examples, a device scrolls through a set of information on the display. When a threshold criteria is satisfied, the device displays an index object fully or partially overlaying the set of information. In some examples, a device displays an emoji graphical object, which is visually manipulated based on user input. The emoji graphical object is transmitted to a recipient. In some examples, a device displays paging affordances that enlarge and allow a user to select a particular page of a user interface. In some examples, the device displays user interfaces for various input methods, including multiple emoji graphical objects. In some examples, a keyboard is displays for receiving user input.
Patent NL-2017416-B1 (NL)
Title: System and method for rotating a patient
Inventor: PAUL RICHARD ALFONS MARIA DEPAUW
IPC: A61G7/10
Filed: 2016-09-05
Granted: 2018-03-09
Abstract: A patient rotation system for rotating the body of a patient comprises an air inflatable cushion having two elastic exterior surfaces, e.g. of stretch material, wherein one of said two elastic surfaces of said cushion forms the top surface, and the other one forms the bottom surface. In deflated state the cushion has a flat shape and in inflated state the two elastic surfaces bulge away from each other, such that inflation of the cushion causes the cushion to assume a wedge shape thereby rotating the body around said rotation axis. The cushion is embodied as a unitary, semi-rigid, portable board when in its deflated state, which enables the sliding of the deflated cushion in between the body of the patient and a horizontal surface, on which the body is lying in supine position, until its posterior support points are being supported by the cushion at its top elastic surface.
Patent NL-2018148-B1 (NL)
Title: Electric toothbrush
Inventor: MILTON EDWARD AGUIRRE JR
IPC: A61C17/22
Filed: 2017-01-10
Granted: 2018-07-25
Abstract: Electric toothbrush comprising a housing, and a replaceable brush head that is mounted or mountable on the housing, where-in in the housing a motor and a battery unit is provided as well as a transmission between the motor and the brush head, and wherein the brush head, the transmission, and the motor are essentially built in-line, and the battery unit or units is/are positioned in the housing next or adjacent to the motor and/or transmission and parallel to the built in-line brush head, transmission, and motor.
Patent NL-2018277-B1 (NL)
Title: Systeem voor het installeren van zonnepanelen op een hellend dak.
Inventor: HUGO ALEXANDER SMITS
Filed: 2017-02-01
Granted: 2018-08-22
Abstract: De uitvinding verschaft een systeem voor het installeren van zonnepanelen op een hellend dak. Het systeem omvat een hellend dakvlak met e tengellatten en rechthoekige waterkeringselementen die in ten minst een, zich evenwijdig aan de tengellatten uitstrekkende, rij zijn voorzien. De waterkeringselementen omvatten ieder ten minste een gootvormig deel ieder met een bodem en twee aan langszijden van de bodem voorziene opstaande randen. De bodem strekt zich tussen twee naburige tengellatten en op afstand van het dakvlak uit. Ieder van de opstaande randen strekt zich langs een van de twee naburige tengellatten uit. Binnen een rij van waterkeringselementen overlapt de hogere van twee naburige waterkeringselementen deels de lagere van de twee naburige waterkeringselementen in een overlappingsgebied. Het systeem omvat verder aan de tengellatten bevestigde bevestigingsmiddelen voor het bevestigen van de zonnepanelen aan het dakvlak. De uitvinding verschaft verder een dakelement en een waterkeringselement als zodanig, alsmede een bouwwerk.
Patent NL-2025967-B1 (NL)
Title: Animal shed floor assembly
Inventor: KORSTIAAN CORNELIS BLOKLAND
IPC: A01K1/015
Filed: 2020-07-01
Granted: 2022-03-08
Abstract: The invention relates to an animal shed floor comprising an assembly of a slatted floor having a first floor surface and an opposite second floor surface, wherein the second floor surface faces an underlying manure reservoir, and having a plurality of slotted openings that open into the underlying manure reservoir; and a floor mat having a first mat surface and an opposite second mat surface spaced apart, wherein the first mat surface is a walking surface for animals and the second mat surface faces the first floor surface, wherein the floor mat further comprises multiple through holes extending from the first to the second mat surface, and opening towards the slatted floor, wherein the through holes are relatively narrow compared to the slotted openings of the slatted floor, such that urine is allowed to flow through the through hole towards the slatted floor and feces remains on the first mat surface when the animal shed floor is in use.
Patent NL-2028737-B1 (NL)
Title: A method, a monitoring system and a computer program product for monitoring a network connected controller
Inventor: MENNO FOLKERT CADEE
IPC: H04L67/12
Filed: 2021-07-15
Granted: 2023-01-20
Abstract: The invention relates to a method for monitoring a network connected controller. The method includes a step of providing a data acquisition device interconnected between the controller and the network. Further, the method includes a step of extracting data from the controller, using the data acquisition device. The invention also relates to a data acquisition device.
Patent RO-106958-B1 (RO)
Title: Composition for air refreshing
Inventor: DE GROOT ANTHONIUS DANIEL
IPC: A61L9/04
Filed: 1992-06-12
Abstract: This invention relates to an air freshener composition comprising, based upon the weight of the composition
     a) at least 30 wt.% of at least one C₁-C₆ alcohol,   b) at least 5 wt.% of at least one glycol selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monoethyl ether and dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, and wherein the amount of a and b together is at least 40 wt.%.   c) 0,5 to 20 wt.% of at least one perfume, and   d) water up to 100 wt.%.
Patent RO-115132-B1 (RO)
Inventor: COSTACHE ADRIAN
IPC: B01D39/16
Filed: 1994-12-20
Abstract: Invenția se referă la un procedeu
de obținere a unor materiale cu proprietăți
bactericide, bacteriostatice și antifungice
pentru utilizări în sisteme de filtrare și
purificare a apei potabile. In scopul obținerii,
conform invenției, a unor materiale cu proprietăți
bactericide, bacteriostatice și antifungice,
s-a folosit iodul metalic, iodura de sodiu
și/sau potasiu și diferite tipuri de materiale
plastice, de uz alimentar, sub formă de granule
virgine, fulgi de diverse mărimi, spărturi,
plachete etc., rezultate din recuperarea unor
deșeuri ale acestor materiale plastice, precum
și produse țesute, nețesute și împâslituri
din materiale plastice, fibre de sticlă și ceramică,
celofibre, fibre poliesțerice etc., simple
sau în amestec, și diferite sorturi de hârtie din
fibre de sticlă și ceramică, precum și membrane
permeabile diverse, care prin diferite
procedee de amestecare, agitare, impregnare,
fierbere, extrudere, au fost tratate,
începând de la temperatura obișnuită până la
temperatura de sublimare a iodului, la temperatura
de fierbere a soluțiilor de iod-iodură
de sodiu și/sau potasiu, la temperatura de
înmuiere a materialelor supuse tratamentului
și la temperatura de prelucrare a unora din
materialele supuse tratamentului, cu iod
metalic, cu amestecuri de iod-iodură de sodiu
și/sau potasiu, sau cu soluții de iod-iodură de
sodiu și/sau potasiu, urmate de procedee de
extracție, spălare etc. a excesului de iod sau
iod-iodură de sodiu și/sau potasiu, de uscare
și ambalare corespunzătoare.