Patent GB-1459835-A (GB)
Title: Electric motor control apparatus
IPC: H02P27/06
Filed: 1974-04-23
Abstract: 1459835 Control of A.C. motors; inverting H BERMAN 23 April 1974 [25 April 1973] 17672/74 Headings H2J and H2F A speed control system for an A.C. motor having at least one stator winding comprises a variable frequency clock circuit controlling circuit means which supplies the winding(s) with an A.C. voltage of frequency determined by the clock circuit, a power supply providing D.C. to the circuit means, and feedback means sensing the D.C. power drawn by the circuit means and controlling the clock circuit frequency to be inversely porportional to the magnitude of the D.C. power drawn by the circuit means. The system ensures smooth starting of the motor when its speed adjusting control is initially set at an intermediate or high value in conditions when the motor would otherwise fail to start. The system may control a squirrel-cage induction motor or a permanent magnet hysteresis motor, the former application being shown in Fig. 2 wherein the windings 81, 82 of an induction motor 100 are supplied with rectangular pulses of current in time quadrature by transistor bridge circuits 80, 90 controlled by corresponding pulse signals, Fig. 3 (not shown), produced at the outputs A, A; B, B of a signal generator 70 including bi-stable circuits 72, 74 responsive to the output of a clock circuit 40 through a logic buffer 50 and to the output of a logic power switch 60 through line 61. The frequency of the output signal from buffer 50 is determined by the value of capacitor 43 and the total resistance of a circuit including a potentiometer 39 and photo-resistors 24, 34 respectively responsive to the light emitting diode 22 of a speed setting control 20 and to the light emitting diode 32 of feedback means 30 connected, through transistors 35, 36, to a resistor 132 in the supply line 31 from a full wave rectified supply 10, 12, 15 to the bridges 80, 90. If the motor 100 fails to start when the clock frequency is set to an intermediate or high value by adjustment of a shutter 21 of the control 20, a large current flows through resistor 132 causing transistor 36 to shunt current from LED 32, thus increasing the resistance of resistor 34 to decrease the frequency of clock circuit 40 and enable the motor to start. As it speeds up, the current through resistor 132 decreases and the clock frequency is correspondingly increased up to the value set by the control 20. In order to provide gradual slowing and automatic braking of the motor when the control 20 is set to zero, the resistor 24 is chosen to have a long time constant over the portion of its resistance/time characteristic following the "light off" condition, Fig. 4 (not shown), whereby the clock frequency is gradually decreased asis the output signal from switch 60 after blocking of a Zener diode 64, this signal decrease and the different inherent characteristics of the circuits 72, 74 ensuring that one of them stops operating before the other, thus producing a period during which only one motor winding is energized and the motor is consequently braked. A similar effect may be produced by using a potentiometer instead of members 22, 24 in control 20 and providing a voltage decay circuit of long time constant.