baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-835774-A (GB)
Title: Preparation of aromatic carboxylic acids
Inventor: O'NEILL WILLIAM ALEXANDER
IPC: C07C51/265
Filed: 1956-11-29
Abstract: Aromatic carboxylic acids are prepared by the oxidation of halo-alkyl substituted benzene hydrocarbons, suspended or dissolved in a carboxylic acid medium, by means of oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas, the oxidation being carried out in the conjoint presence of a metal, metal oxide or metal salt (or variable valency) and of bromine or a bromine.  The oxidation is advantageously carried out in the presence of manganese bromide and/or cobalt bromide, or it may be carried out in the presence of manganese acetate and/or cobalt acetate together with a substance capable of producing bromide ions under the reaction conditions. The process is particularly suitable for the economical manufacture of terephthalic acid from halogenated derivatives of toluene.  Toluene is readily halomethylated to give a mixture of halogenated derivatives of xylene containing only the ortho-and para-isomers, and these can then be oxidized by the process of the invention to give high yields of phthalic acid and terephthalic acid.  In Example 1, benzyl chloride was dissolved in propionic acid and refluxed in the presence of cobalt bromide while oxygen was passed through the boiling mixture.  After 20 hours the solution was cooled, the excess propionic acid distilled off, and the residual benzoic acid was recrystallized from water.  Example 3 relates to the preparation of terephthalic acid by the oxidation of p-xylylchloride.  In Example 4, a mixture of p-xylyl chloride and o-xylyl chloride, obtained by chloromethylation of toluene, was dissolved in propionic acid and oxidized in the presence of cobalt bromide.  Terephthalic acid was obtained by hot filtration of the oxidation-products, and phthalic acid by distilling off the propionic acid from the mother-liquors and recrystallizing the residue from water.  In Example 5, p-xylylene dibromide was dissolved in acetic acid, and oxidized at 120 DEG  C. using cobalt acetate as catalyst. There was a 99% yield of terephthalic acid.  Example 6 relates to the oxidation of p-xylylene dichloride, dissolved in benzoic acid, in the presence of cobalt bromide.  Specification 783,220 is referred to.
Patent GB-967551-A (GB)
Title: Copolymers
IPC: C08F220/18
Filed: 1960-10-26
Abstract: Copolymers of (1) an acrylic ester of the formula: <FORM:0967551/C3/1> wherein R1 represents hydrogen or a methyl group and R2 and R3 when not joined together represent C1-C2 alkyl groups and, when joined together, represent a saturated divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group which with the carbon atom carrying R2 and R3 form a five- or six-sided carbocycle and (2) an acrylic ester different from (1) and of the formula: CH2=CHCOR, where X represents oxygen or sulphur, and R an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, aryl, terphenyl, or alkoxyalkyl group, and present in an amount of between 0.5 and 25 mole per cent of the total polymer, are made by copolymerizing a monomeric mixture of the esters at a temperature between -20 DEG C. and -100 DEG C. in the presence of an organic solvent, and an organomagnesium compound of the formula, R11-Mg-Y wherein R11 represents an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkoxyaryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aralkenyl group, and Y represents chlorine, bromine, or iodine, or is as R11.  The copolymer is characterized by (a) crystalline properties including a melting point below which there is a temperature range within which the copolymer remains semi-rigid and flexible, and (b) freedom from tackiness at 20 DEG C. Ester (1) may be isopropyl, sec-butyl, tert.-butyl, 3-pentyl, 2-methyl-2 butyl, 3-methyl-3 pentyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, or 4-methyl-cyclohexyl acrylate. Ester (2) may be methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, 2-ethyl hexyl, n-octyl, dodecyl, or octadecyl acrylate, methoxyethyl, butoxyethyl, ethoxy-ethoxyethyl, ethylthioethyl, or octylthio-propyl acrylate, phenyl, tolyl, butylphenyl benzyl, methylbenzyl, phenylethyl, phenoxyethyl, trimethylcyclohexyl, dicyclopentyl, tetrahydrofurfuryl, or terphenyl acrylate.  The Specification contains a long list of organomagnesium compounds. Exemplified compounds are phenyl magnesium bromide in diethyl ether, n-butyl magnesium bromide, diphenyl magnesium in diethyl ether. The copolymerization is usually effected in a hydrocarbon solvent such as toluene or xylene and the copolymer recovered by conventional techniques, e.g. by treatment with methanol, and aqueous hydrochloric acid. Specifications 884,733 and 967,552 are referred to.
Patent GB-1200354-A (GB)
Title: Improved packing case
Inventor: BASBOUS MALEK
IPC: B65D6/00
Filed: 1967-08-11
Abstract: 1,200,354. Boxes. M. BASBOUS. 11 Aug., 1967 [30 Sept., 19661, No. 36896/67. Heading B8P. Bottom, side and lid panels of a packing case are formed of composite sheet material comprising rigid rectangular panels, e.g. of hardboard or chipboard covered on one side by a flexible material, e.g. kraft paper or plastics and hinged together to allow relative folding of the panels either by using a continuous sheet of the covering material 7, Fig. 8, so that portions between the panels form hinges or by using strips of flexible material 15, Fig. 7, to join the covered panels. Water impervious end panels 1, 2 are reinforced by wooden frames 3, 4 to which the composite material forming sides, bottom and lid may be nailed, stapled or glued &c. The hinges are formed by spacing the panels on the covering 7 as in Fig. 8 or by bevelling the adjacent edges of the panels as in Fig. 7. When a continuous covering sheet is used flexible strips may be used inside or outside of it to reinforce the hinges. The case may be lined with corrugated paper, covered on one or both sides and if used for fruit &c., provided with ventilation holes. The, composite material may also be used for the ends of the case. The covering may be made waterproof.
Patent GB-928867-A (GB)
Title: Steam turbine
IPC: F01D9/04
Filed: 1961-10-16
Abstract: 928,867. Steam turbines. WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION. Oct. 16, 1961 [Nov. 10, 1960], No. 37057/61. Class 110 (3). The invention relates to an arrangement for bleeding moisture from a motive fluid passage in a steam turbine, the turbine comprising a casing structure, a rotor coaxially disposed therein, the rotor carrying a plurality of axially-spaced rows of blades. According to the invention, the casing structure comprises a plurality of separate sections having planar end faces, the sections being secured together in close axially spaced relation so as to define narrow annular spaces therebetween, the spaces communicating with the motive fluid passage through the turbine whereby moisture separated from steam flowing through the passage during operation of the turbine is discharged through the spaces. The axial width of the annular spaces between the sections of the casing is determined by the thickness of spacer members disposed therebetween. The turbine shown comprises a rotor 11 carrying blade rows 12, 13, a row of stator blades 15 being disposed therebetween, steam flowing through the blades as indicated by the arrows and finally discharging into a condenser indicated at 19. The stator casing is indicated at 16 and comprises sections 32, 33, 34 which are spaced apart by means of thin washers 44, 45 so as to provide narrow gaps 26, 29, the sections being secured together by means of bolts 47. The casing section 33 supports the row of stator blades 15, while the section 34 supports a guide member 38 which co-operates with a central guide member 23 to provide an annular passageway for the exhaust steam. The exhaust structure 22 extends forwardly to surround the stator casing 16. Any moisture forming in the steam passing through the turbine tends to be flung radially outwardly and is discharged through the narrow gaps 26, 29 into the exhaust space without impinging on the blades.
Patent GB-340520-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to steam generators
IPC: F22B1/14
Filed: 1929-08-21
Abstract: 340,520. Indirectly heated steam boilers. BAUMANN, K., Northwoodhouse, Barnfield, Urmston, Lancashire. Aug. 21, 1929, Nos. 37104/30 and 37105/30. Divided on 340,295. [Class 123 (ii).] A boiler comprising a drum or drums 3 and furnace-lined water-tubes 2 with upper tubes 5 forming a bottle-shaped extension of the furnace has heating elements 14 i the drum through which superheated steam is passed from a superheater 8 connected with the drum, the steam then passing through a second superheater 7. The superheaters are inserted horizontally between the tubes 5 to which they may be clamped and are so arranged as to provide in the first which is exposed to the cooler gases a flow in general counterflow to that of the gases and in the second a flow in the same direction.
Patent GB-827473-A (GB)
Title: A process for the production of polyurethane foam plastics
IPC: C08G18/22
Filed: 1957-11-28
Abstract: A process for the production of polyurethane foams comprises reacting a compound containing at least two hydrogen atoms reactive with NCO groups with a polyisocyanate and water in the presence of a molybdenum compound at least a proportion of which is in solution in the reactants or in at least one of them. Molybdenum compounds specified are ammonium molybdate, ammonium paramolybdate ((NH4)6 Mo7O24.4H2O), molybdenum pentachloride and molybdenum bis-acetylacetonate. Molybdenum glycolates such as those obtained by the process of Specification 827,472, [Group IV (b)], are also suitable.  Others mentioned are complexes of molybdic acid with hydroxyl compounds other than glycols, such as alcohols, phenols, sugars, organic acids and diketones (enols).  The compound containing at least two reactive hydrogens may be a hydroxyl polyester, a hydroxyl polyester amide, a polyalkylene ether glycol or a polyalkylene polythioether glycol.  In typical examples: (1) a polyester prepared from diethylene glycol, trimethylol propane and adipic acid in the presence of ammonium molybdate is reacted with 2,4- and 2,6-toluylene diisocyanates and a mixture of water, N-ethylmorpholine, polyoxyethylated castor oil, oleic acid and paraffin oil is added to give a foamed product; (4) a polyester from adipic, phthalic and oleic acids and glycerol is employed; (7) a polythioether from thiodiglycol and bis (hydroxyethoxy) butane is used as starting material.  Specifications 769,680 and 769,682, [Group III], also are referred to.ALSO:A process for the production of polyurethane foams comprises reacting a compound containing at least two hydrogen atoms reactive with-NCO groups with a polyisocyanate and water in the presence of a molybdenum compound at least a proportion of which is in solution in the reactants or in at least one of them. Molybdenum compounds specified are ammonium molybdate, ammonium paramolybdate ((NH4)6 Mo7O24,4H2O), molybdenum pentachloride and molybdenum bisacetylacetonate.  Molybdenum glycollates such as those obtained by the process of Specification 827,472 [Group IV(b)] are also suitable.  Others mentioned are complexes of molybdic acid with hydroxyl compounds other than glycols, such as alcohols, phenols, sugars, organic acids and diketones (enols). The compound containing at least two reactive hydrogen atoms may be a hydroxyl-polyester, a hydroxyl polyesteramide, a polyalkylene ether glycol or a polyalkylene polythioether glycol. In typical examples (1) a polyester prepared from diethylene glycol, trimethylol propane and adipic acid in the presence of ammonium molybdate is reacted with 2, 4- and 2, 6- toluylene diisocyanates and a mixture of water, N-ethylmorpholine, polyoxyethylated castor oil, oleic acid and paraffin oil is added to give a foamed product; (4) a polyester from adipic, phthalic and oleic acids and glycerol is employed; (7) a polythioether from thiodiglycol and bis (hydroxyethoxy) butane is used as starting material.  Specifications 769,680 [Group IV(a)] and 769,682 [Group III] also are referred to.
Patent GB-1059563-A (GB)
Title: Inflatable article
Inventor: DENNIS ALLAN FREDERICK
IPC: E21F17/107
Filed: 1962-10-02
Abstract: 1,059,563. Mines &c. DUNLOP RUBBER CO. Ltd. Sept. 13, 1963 [Oct. 2, 1962], No. 37236/62. Heading E1F. An inflatable article 10 for expansion into an aperture, or mine shaft or roadway comprises an envelope of flexible impermeable material, the envelope having upper, lower and end walls 12, 13, 14 for engagement with the walls of the aperture shaft or roadway, a series of ribs 15, 16 adhering to the envelope side walls 11, and means 19 for inflating the envelope with water or other fluid. Holes 18 are provided in the ribs when the ribs are fixed to the lower wall of the envelope.
Patent GB-1480159-A (GB)
Title: Speed reduction mechanisms
IPC: F16H29/02
Filed: 1975-09-10
Abstract: 1480159 Conveying rotary motion; ratchet Clutches DAHLTRON CORP 10 Sept 1975 [16 Sept 1974] 37249/75 Headings F2Q and F2C A reduction mechanism comprises parallel driving and driven shafts 14, 24, an arm 30 which is rotatably mounted at one end on the driver shaft 24 and is engaged at the other end by eccentric means on the driving shaft 14, and a one-way acting clutch incorporating spring-pressed rollers 50 located between the arm 30 and the driven shaft 24. The clutch includes two plates 42 located each side of the arm 30 and provided with channels 46 containing tough durable steel plates 58, rollers 50 and springs 52. The eccentric means includes a ball bearing 22 against the outer race of which the end of the arm 30 is held in contact by a spring 66. Two such arms 30 are shown 180 degrees out of phase but more than two arms and corresponding eccentrics and clutches may be provided. A cushioning material is provided between the cam and arm to avoid noise pollution.
Patent GB-1435113-A (GB)
Title: Baths
IPC: A47K3/02
Filed: 1973-08-06
Abstract: 1435113 Baths SOC GENERALE DE FONDERIE 6 Aug 1973 [8 Aug 1972 20 March 1973] 37292/73 Heading A4N A bath comprises an inclined back rest 3 having, near its top edge, an inwardly convex surface 7, and contiguous with the bottom, an inwardly concave surface 8, the surfaces 7, 8 being connected by a surface whose vertical cross-section contains a point of inflection and has a concave portion 9 connected to the convex surface 7 and a convex portion 11 connected to the concave surface 8, the convex surface 7 being connected to the top edge (6), Fig. 1, (not shown) of the bath by a substantially flat inclined surface 14. A near-vertical step 12 connects the surfaces 8, 11 and a flat inclined surface 13 connects the surfaces 9 and 11. The flat surface 14 is connected to the top edge (6) via a further concave surface 15 and a flat inclined surface 16. The inclination of the flat surfaces 12-14, 16 and the radii of curvature of the surfaces 7-9, 11, 15 are listed. The bath is formed opposite the rest 3 with a surface (2) having a canted portion (17) whose upper edge is below the edge (6) and co-operates therewith to bound a zone (18) having an overflow aperture (19) and which may be used as a urinal, a foot &c. support or a bidet. In an alternative embodiment, an inwardly convex surface (A'B 1 ), Fig. 9, (not shown) is connected to the top (32) of the bath by a substantially flat inclined surface (A 1 A') and an inwardly concave surface (C 4 D 1 ) is connected to the surface (A'B 1 ) by a concave surface (B 1 E) and a convex surface (EC4) which are directly connected to define a point of inflection.
Patent GB-885549-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to piping systems
Inventor: LACAZE ALBERT
IPC: F16L51/04
Filed: 1959-11-05
Abstract: 885,549. Pipe joints; laying pipes. COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE. Nov. 5, 1959 [Nov. 5, 1958 ; April 28, 1959], No. 37544/59. Classes 99(1) and 99(2). A piping system for the transport of fluids comprises two conduits 1, la connected end to end wherein a terminal section of each conduit projects into a prismatic box 12 through a respective side thereof and is bent with respect to the remainder of the conduit in such a way that the junction 18 between the two conduits is located near an aperture 14, the latter being adapted to be sealingly closed by a removable cover 19. As shown, a silver-coated conduit 1, in which circulates liquid hydrogen, is surrounded by a double-walled sleeve 2, in which circulates liquid nitrogen and is spaced from it by braces 3 of stainless steel. The sleeve 2 consists of two copper tubes spaced apart by tubular copper spirals 4. The sleeve 2 is supported at several points by rods 7 articulated on hooks 6 and hanging point 8 which keeps it sensibly coaxial with a sleeve 5 internally of which is created a vacuum. The suspension means is located in a cylinder 9 opening into the sleeve 5. The position of each hook is slightly displaced from the axis of cylinder 9 so that when cold conditions prevail they adopt a symmetrical position to that when hot. Sleeve 2 is closed and connected to its analogous element 2a by a pipe, used for circulating the nitrogen, bent similarly to conduits 1, 1a plates 11, 11a are welded to sleeves, 5, 5a at 45 degrees to the axis of the sleeves, each plate having an aperture which coincides with that of the sleeve itself. The ends of the conduits 1, 1a are connected to soft pliable metallic sections 16, 16a and the prismatic box 12 having apertures 22, 22a, 14 on three sides thereof, is lowered into position between plates 11, 11a, which are welded to the sides 20, 20a respectively or alternatively secured by means of nuts and bolts, sealing rings 13, 13a respectively being inserted. The ends of the conduits are then bent according to 17, 17a welded or brazed or otherwise jointed together at 18 and the cover 19 is secured over the box.
Patent GB-1291626-A (GB)
Title: Method and apparatus for moulding sheets
IPC: B28B11/08
Filed: 1970-08-04
Abstract: 1291626 Moulding articles from sheets JAMES HARDIE & CO PTY Ltd 4 Aug 1970 [20 Aug 1969] 37606/70 Heading B5A Green sheets of, for example, asbestos cement are pressed against a shaping mould by passing a mould covered by a sheet below a vertically reciprocating pressing pad, the pad and mould being so moved as to ensure that the pad acts over the whole area of the sheet and deforms it into close contact with the mould. In the illustrated embodiment, a series of sheet-covered moulds (not shown) are passed on a conveyer under a series of transversely spaced pairs of pads each comprising resilient fingers carried by a backing element 38. The backing elements are carried at the lower ends of links 30 which are, in turn, pivoted to upper and lower rack levers 28 and 29. The levers are carried by upper and lower fulcrum shafts 26, 27 rotatably journalled in side supporting structures 23 and 24 (not shown). The lower fulcrum shaft is oscillated so as to cause the levers to pivot and the pads to be reciprocated in antiphase into and out of contact with the sheets on the moulds, by means of a crank arm 32 connected by rod 33 to a crank arm carried by a motor-driven crankshaft 31. Each side supporting structure includes a fixed lower part over which is slidable a vertically adjustable upper part in which the fulcrum shafts are journalled. In this way the stroke of the pads can be adjusted. The conveyer consists of a series of chains 13 slung between forward driving pulleys 11 and rear idling, pulleys 12, and transverse wooden bars 17 upon which the moulds rest, extending between the chains.
Patent GB-1043757-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to multiple stage pumps
IPC: F04D15/00
Filed: 1964-09-15
Abstract: 1,043,757. Centrifugal pumps. DE LAVAL TURBINE Ind. Sept. 15, 1964 [Oct. 25, 1963], No. 37703/64. Heading F1C. In a multi-stage pump, such as a centrifugal pump, having an inlet 70, Fig. 1, connected to an inlet channel 72 to a first group of pump stages 1 to 3 and an inlet channel 74 to a second group of pump stages 4 to 6, and a passage 48 connecting the discharge of the first group with the suction of the second group, valve means 92, 94 may be adjusted to a position in which the flow through either the inlet channel 74 or the passage 48 is blocked. The valve members 92, 94 are adjusted by means of a handle 102 to a position, shown in full lines, wherein the two groups are connected in series, or to a position, shown in dash lines, wherein the groups are connected in parallel. With the groups connected in series the flow passes from inlet 70 through channel 72, pump stages 1 to 3, ports 62 in a stationary cylinder 46, passage 48, stages 4 to 6 and passages 49, Fig. 3, into discharge chambers 50 having four outlets of which only two 84, 86 are shown. With the groups connected in parallel the flow at the inlet 70 divides and passes through channels 72, 74 to the first and second groups respectively, and is discharged from the first group into the chambers 50 via ports 62, the interior of cylinder 46 and ports 64, and from the second group via passages 49.
Patent GB-344915-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in looms having a stationary weft supply
IPC: D03D47/24
Filed: 1929-12-09
Abstract: 344,915. Shuttleless looms. BRITISH CELANESE, Ltd., and DREYFUS, H., 22, Hanover Square, London, DICKIE, W. A. and HALE, F. C., of British Celanese, Spondon, near Derby. Dec. 9, 1929, No. 37720. [Class 142 (ii).] In looms having a stationary weft supply, a single pick length of weft is introduced into the shed in the form of a loop 38, Fig. 4, connected to a preceding pick, and the shuttle in its passage through the shed operates means on the loom to sever the weft from said preceding pick when the loop has reached a length from the point of severance sufficient to complete a pick and to leave an end of the preceding pick turned into the shed. The cutting means 28, Fig. 1, are mounted at one or both sides of the loom, and are operatively connected with a solenoid 20 included in an electric circuit which is closed by the contact of a plate 6, on the shuttle or carrier 5, with reed dents 9<1>, 9<11>, the latter being connected to a transformer 12 and a double - wound solenoid 14. The same or a different set of contacts may be employed for closing the two cutting device circuits.
Patent GB-798430-A (GB)
Title: Combined taper-measuring machine and linear dimension gauge
Inventor: SHARP WILLIAM LEONARD
IPC: G01B5/08
Filed: 1956-12-13
Abstract: 798,430. Linear dimension and taper gauges. NUFFIELD TOOLS & GAUGES, Ltd. Dec. 13, 1956, No. 38040/56. Addition to 773,471. Class 106 (2). The apparatus of the main invention is modified to measure the radii of reamders 6 and the like, having an odd numer of @utes 7, by rigidly mounting the second contact member 15 on the axially movable carriage which the spindle of the micrometer co-operates. The combined taper measuring machine and linear dimension gauge comprises a bed 1 fitted with headstocks 2, 3, having centres 4, 5 between which the workpiece 6 is held, the carriage 8 being mounted on balls for movement along the bed 1 parallel to the axis of the centres and a slide 10 mounted on balls on the carriage 8 for horizontal movement at right angles to the axis of the centres. A first contact member 12 is capable of being brought into engagement with one side of the workpiece and is supported together with a dial indicator 13 on an adjustable mounting carried by the slide 10, the second contact member 15 being rigidly mounted on the carriage 8 to form the fixed datum, and the micrometer 19 mounted on the slide 10 so that its spindle 18 can co-operate with the second contact member 15 to effect movement of the slide 10 to bring the first contact member 12 into engagement with the associated side of the workpiece. Preferably, the bed 1 is provided with a groove 21 parallel to the axis of centres to receive length-gauge bars 22, 22A for engagement with the carriage 8, a dial indicator 23 being associated with these bars.