baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1458649-A (GB)
Title: Penetrometers
IPC: E02D1/02
Filed: 1975-07-25
Abstract: 1458649 Recording penetrometer FONDASOL TECHNIQUE 25 July 1975 [2 Aug 1974] 31100/75 Heading G1S As a penetrometer tube 1, Fig. I is driven into the ground by an anvil 3, a finger 21 on the anvil releases a weight 17 which pushes a slider 16 down a pillar 8 thus pulling on a chain 9 attached to the slider and to a balance weight 15. The movement of the chain is arranged to rotate a pinion 10 and ratchet wheel 23 in a clockwise direction to operate a penetration distance recorder 42. In operation, as the tube is driven into the ground the weight 17 and slider 16 descend and the weight 15 ascends until a finger 18 on the weight 15 tilts a pivoted lever 29 and trips a ratchet 27 from engagement with the clockwise rotating wheel 23. The machine then stops, as the height H the weight 15 has been raised is arranged to be equal to the length of the tube being driven. When the anvil ascends to drive another tube the finger 21 lifts the weight 17, and since the ratchet is out of operation the weight 15 descends and lifts the slider 16. This movement drives the pinion 10 and freewheel 25 in an anticlockwise direction but the shaft 24 and the recorder are not rotated. When a finger 19 on the weight 17 reaches the member 29 it pivots it to re-engage the ratchet 27 to immobilize the chain 9, but the weight 17 continues to rise to a locking position 17a. The ratchet 27 prevents the anvil 3 from lowering the weight 15 and moving the chain should the anvil be inadvertently lifted before it reaches its lower ratchet tripping position. During dynamic driving by hammer blows instead of steady pressure, a device counts the number of blows for a given penetration by means of an electrical contact mounted on the hammer cylinder.
Patent GB-842181-A (GB)
Title: Solenoid-actuated fluid flow control valves
Inventor: CLAY ROBERT BEECHER
IPC: F16K31/06
Filed: 1957-10-04
Abstract: 842,181. Valves. SKINNER CHUCK CO. Oct. 4, 1957, No. 31121/57. Class 135. A solenoid-operated valve assembly comprises a casing 4, a pair of solenoid coils 10, 12 disposed in side-by-side relation, a sleeve 32, 124 in each coil, a plug member 34, 126 sealing one end of each sleeve and an armature 42, 128 movable axially in each sleeve and constituting a valve closure member. Each valve, comprising a sleeve, plug member, armature and seat, may be reversed in the housing, which is provided with identical passageways in the top and bottom caps 6 and 8. Considering the lefthand valve, the armature 42, when the coil is de-energized, is forced into contact with a valve seat 52 by a spring 48, the valve seat being housed in a recess 54 in the bottom cap 8. In this position of the armature communication is cut-off between a passageway 104 and the passageway 56 in the valve seat 52. The armature 42 is, however, provided with longitudinal grooves 43 in its outer surface which serve as a fluid connection between the passage 104 and the axial bore 60 through the plug member 34. When the coil 10 is energized the armature moves upwards against the action of the spring 48 to seal off the bore 60 and open communication between the passage 104 and the passage 56. Two resilient plugs 50 and 66 are provided in the armature to co-operate with the valve seats. Adjustable metering valves 82 and 84 are provided to meter the flow between axial passage 58 and lateral passage 70 and axial passage 62 and lateral passage 76, the lateral passages providing cross-communication between the valves. Either or both metering valves may be eliminated and the openings remaining sealed with plugs. Furthermore the metering valves may be used to shut off the flow completely through passages 58 or 62, if desired. The passage 100 may also be blanked off, if desired, likewise the passage 142 in the right-hand valve, the right-hand valve being shown in the reversed position.
Patent GB-456858-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of sausages and like food products
IPC: A22C11/00
Filed: 1935-11-11
Abstract: 456,858. Marking sausages. ROGERS, F. H., 181, Queen Victoria Street, London.- (Name Corporation; 189, West Madison Street, Chicago, U.S.A.) Nov. 11, 1935, No. 31183. Drawings to Specification. [Class 73] [See also Group VI] A strip or cord, coloured or printed with an identifying mark, is inserted into sausages during the filling, so that it is visible through the casing. The strip serves as a reinforcement which prevents breakages of the casings during smoking, and the casing may be ripped open thereby, when the sausage is to be eaten. The cord may be of edible material such as that used for making spaghetti.
Patent GB-691014-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of thermosetting resinous materials
Filed: 1950-12-22
Abstract: A thermosetting resinous material is made by reacting a polysiloxane containing 0.9 to 2.1 silicon-bonded monovalent hydrocarbon radicals per silicon atom, the radicals being saturated-aliphatic radicals containing less than seven carbons or monovalent aryl radicals, and from 0.05 to 2 silicon-bonded siloxane functional groups, viz. alkoxy and/or acyloxy radicals, per silicon atom, the remainder of the valencies of the silicon atoms in the siloxane being satisfied by oxygen atoms, with glycerine in such an amount that the ratio of siloxane functional groups is from 0.1 to 1, and reacting the siloxane-glycerine ester thus formed with a dicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof in such an amount that the ratio of dicarboxylic acid groups to the sum of siloxane functional groups plus hydroxyl groups is from 0.08 to 0.75.  The alkoxypolysiloxanes used may be made according to the process of Specification 685,173, and the acyloxypolysiloxanes may be made by reacting the alkoxypolysiloxanes with monocarboxylic acids, or by reacting chlorosilanes with a metal salt of a carboxylic acid and hydrolysing the resulting acyloxy-chlorosilane.  The specified radicals of the polysiloxanes are: hydrocarbon radicals such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, phenyl, chlorophenyl, tolyl and xylyl, alkoxy radicals, such as methoxy, ethoxy, butoxy and stearyloxy, and acyloxy radicals, such as benzoyloxy, 2-ethyl hexoyloxy, stearoyloxy and linoleoyloxy.  Acids specified are phthalic, malonic, maleic and fumaric.  The reaction of the siloxane with glycerine is preferably effected at 100 DEG  to 210 DEG  C., and the reaction of the ester with the acidic compound is preferably effected at 170 DEG  to 210 DEG  C.  The reactions may be executed in solvents such as aromatic hydrocarbons and ketones, e.g. cyclohexanone.  The resins may be cured at 250 DEG  C.  In examples 1) an ethoxypolysiloxane, prepared by reacting a mixture of ethyltrichloro-, ethylmethyldichloro-, propyltrichloro-, isopropyltrichloro-, propylmethyldichloro- and ethylpropyldichlorosilanes with ethanol and hydrolysing the resulting ethoxychlorosilanes, is reacted with glycerine and subsequently with phthalic anhydride; isopropoxypolysiloxanes, derived from (2) phenylmethyl dichloro- and phenyl-trichloro-silanes, (3,4) the silane mixture of example (1), and an acyloxypolysiloxane, made by reacting an isopropoxysiloxane with benzoic acid, are reacted with glycerine and subsequently with phthalic anhydride.  Specifications 663,599, 691,013 and 691,015 also are referred to.
Patent GB-1007104-A (GB)
Title: Process for preparing copolymers of ethylene
IPC: C08F210/16
Filed: 1964-08-04
Abstract: Copolymers of ethylene and at least one higher alpha-olefin are prepared by reacting ethylene and the alpha-olefin at 150 to 750 p.s.i.g. and 25 DEG  to 100 DEG  C. in the presence of an inert hydrocarbon diluent boiling below 10 DEG  C. and a catalyst comprising a halide of titanium in a lower valency state activated with an aluminium compound containing at least one metal to carbon bond. The aluminium to titanium atomic ratio is preferably 1: 1 to 10: 1.  Specified olefins are propylene, butene-1, pentene - 1, hexene - 1, heptene - 1, octene - 1, nonene-1, 7-methylbutene-1, 4-methylpentene-1, 4-methylhexene-1, 5-methylhexene-1 and 4,4 - dimethylpentene - 1.  Specified diluents are ethane, propane, butane, isobutane and neopentane.  Preferred catalyst components are titanium trichloride, which may be co-crystallized with magnesium, zinc or aluminium halides and may be ball milled in the dry state, and aluminium alkyls such as triethyl aluminium and diethyl aluminium chloride.  Hydrogen may be added as modifier, and the copolymers de-ashed by treating with isopropanol or an isopropanol-heptane azeotrope containing hydrogen chloride.  The copolymerization of ethylene with propylene and butene-1 is exemplified, and apparatus suitable for carrying out the process of the invention is described and illustrated.  Specification 799,392 is referred to.
Patent GB-334757-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in furnaces and methods of operating the same
IPC: F23M5/08
Filed: 1929-10-15
Abstract: 334,757. Babcock & Wilcox, Ltd., (Fuller Lehigh Co.). Oct. 15, 1929. Pulverulent-fuel furnaces; grates; ashpits.-In a pulverulent-fuel furnace in which air under pressure is supplied upwardly from the lower end of the combustion chamber to maintain the fuel in suspension during burning, there is provided, at the lower end 17 of the V-shaped bottom part of the combustion chamber, a grate 24 composed of perforated bars 25 which are intermittently rocked about their longitudinal axes to dump the ashes and slag which collect thereon. The bars 25 are journaled in bearings 27 and are each provided at the ends with downwardly-extending arms 28, 29 respectively. The arms 28 are successively engaged, to tilt the bars, by a trip member 40 mounted on a motor-driven endless chain 35, the bars being returned to the horizontal position by springs 34 which encircle rods 30 attached to the arms 29 and passing through fixed plates 31. The pressure air is supplied through a duct 42 which is fitted with dampers 43 and opens into a chamber 44 provided at its lower end with an ash-removing screw 45. Entry of excess air to the combustion chamber when one of the bars 25 is in the dumping position, is prevented by the provision, along one edge of each bar, of a curved lip 48. The arch 143 of the furnace is formed with an aperture 142 to receive a downwardly-directed fuel nozzle 141, while the inclined walls 15, 16 of the lower part of the combustion chamber are lined with watertubes 18, 21 connected to a boiler or other circulating system.
Patent GB-1199955-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to Methods of Manufacturing Semiconductor Devices
Inventor: DALE JOHN ROBERT
IPC: H01L23/485
Filed: 1967-07-07
Abstract: 1,199,955. Semi-conductive device. MULLARD Ltd. 7 July, 1967, No. 31353/67. Heading H1K. A semi-conductor body having a flat apertured insulating layer thereon is provided with an electrical connection through the aperture by placing a layer of malleable metal on the insulating layer and pressing the metal layer and the body together so that the metal layer is pressure welded to the insulating layer and the body. The temperature of the pressure welding step must be below the eutectic temperature of the metal layer and the body. The metal layer may be applied as an extensive sheet and subsequently etched to leave conductive strips, as a perforate sheet or as separate pieces. The connection between the metal layer and the body may be direct or through a metal contact in the aperture. The body may be Si, Ge, GaAs or InP, whilst the metal layer may be Al, Ag, Au, Cu or Ni or an alloy thereof and the insulating layer may be silicon oxide or nitride or a boron glass. The metal layer may be etched twice to leave thick portions holding separate devices as in beam lead technology. A layer of Al may be secured to one side of a body and a layer of Au backed with Mo to the other side. A patterned metal layer may be provided between the insulating layer and a carrier of glass, alumina or zirconia with the metal layer projecting beyond the carrier so that electrical connection may be made thereto.
Patent GB-324141-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in foot-arch supports
IPC: A43B7/22
Filed: 1928-10-30
Abstract: 324,141. Wizard Lightfoot Co., Ltd., and Harford, L. Oct. 30, 1928. Foot - arch supports. - Packing pieces of cork or similar material for insertion in foot-arch supports are provided with tabs h which are superficially treated with non-permanent adhesive or a material of a permanently sticky or tacky nature so that they adhere when inserted in the pocket of the support and can be removed by pulling the tabs which project therefrom. Inserts of plano-convex section may be used in pairs, the plane surfaces c being juxtaposed and united by the adhesion of the tabs, and may be bevelled off along the curved edge on the plane side. The supports may be used for the longitudinal and metatarsal arches.
Patent GB-872950-A (GB)
Title: Control units for hydraulic rams
Inventor: NORTON HENRY
IPC: F15B11/02
Filed: 1958-10-01
Abstract: 872,950. Hydraulic apparatus. NORTON TOOL CO. Ltd. Sept. 21, 1959 [Oct. 1, 1958], No. 31419/58. Class 69 (2). [Also in Group XXII] A control unit for the hydraulic ram of a press, shaper, slotter, rock drill or other member, comprises an unloader valve 28 arranged to open and vent the pressure chamber 11 of the ram when a predetermined high pressure is attained and to be held open by substantially lower pressure, and a release valve 38 which can be opened to permit the unloader valve to close. The unloader valve consists of a piston 30 which is urged by an adjustable spring 31 to one end of a cylinder 29 to close a valve 35 leading from an inlet chamber 22 connected by a line 20 to the pressure chamber 11 supplied with fluid from high and low-pressure pumps 15, 16 under the control of valves 14, 17, 18, such as described in Specification 872,951. The inlet chamber 22, and hence the pressure chamber 11, can be vented to an exhaust line 19 by operation of a manuallycontrolled valve 25, and the cylinder 29 can be connected to the exhaust line by movement of the piston opening a port 37, by operation of the manually-controlled valve 38, or by an adjustable throttle 40, 41. The downward movement of the ram can be stopped at any position by opening the valve 25 and the degree of pressure on the lever 26 of the valve determines the working pressure. At the end of the stroke of the ram, pressure builds up in the chambers 11 and 22 and acts on the valve 35 which is thus opened to permit the pressure in the chambers to move the piston 30 to the right and vent the chambers through the port 37, thus automatically initiating the return stroke. At the end of the return stroke, the drop in pressure in the chambers 11, 22 permits the piston to move to the left to close the port 37 trapping fluid in a port 36 of the cylinder. Release of the trapped fluid closes the valve 35 to initiate a new stroke and this release may be effected manually by opening the valve 38 or automatically by controlled release of the fluid through the adjustable throttle 40, 41, the rate of flow through the throttle determining the duration of the dwell in the upper position; when the throttle valve is in the wide-open position, the downward stroke is effected immediately after the return stroke. The valves 25, 38 may be actuated automatically by hydraulic, electrical or mechanical means.
Patent GB-681611-A (GB)
Title: Dehydrogenation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds
IPC: C07C45/00
Filed: 1949-12-07
Abstract: Dehydrogenation of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones is effected by contacting the alcohol vapour at elevated temperature with a catalyst comprising silica gel particles carrying chromium oxide, barium oxide, and cupric oxide or copper, maintained in fluidized form.  The chromium oxide may be Cr2O3 alone or with CrO.  The catalyst may be prepared by impregnating silica gel of 50-200 mesh with aqueous solutions of the metal compounds yielding oxides on heating, e.g. the acetates, drying, and heating, preferably while in fluidized state, in air or hydrogen at 400-800 DEG  F. for 1-2 hours.  With hydrogen, at least part of the copper appears as metal.  Such a catalyst contains for 100 parts silica gel, 0.5-1 per cent each barium and chromium oxides, and 2-5 per cent cupric oxide or copper. Dehydrogenation may be effected in presence of steam and oxygen, preferably less than 3 mols. of steam and up to 0.5 mol. oxygen per mol. of alcohol. Temperatures may be, for example, just above 200 but are generally 400-800 DEG  F., and contact times 0.5-10 secs. Pressure is atmospheric or below.  Products may be cooled, scrubbed with water, and separated by distillation.  Examples describe the dehydrogenation of propyl alcohol containing some sec. butyl alcohol to propionaldehyde and methyl ethyl ketone, and of isopropyl alcohol to acetone.ALSO:A fluidized catalyst for dehydrogenation of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones comprises silica gel particles carrying chromium oxide, barium oxide, and cupric oxide or copper.  The chromium oxide may be Cr2O3 alone or with CrO.  The catalyst may be prepared by impregnating silica gel of 50-200 mesh with aqueous solutions of the metal compounds yielding oxides on heating, e.g. the acetates, drying, and heating, preferably while in fluidized state, in air or hydrogen at 400-800 DEG F, for 1-2 hours.  With hydrogen, at least part of the copper appears as metal.  Such a catalyst contains for 100 parts silica gel, 0.5-1 per cent each barium and chromium oxides, and 2-5 per cent cupric oxide or copper.
Patent GB-950428-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for exercising a pressure on the achilles' tendon of the hindleg of an ox
IPC: A61D3/00
Filed: 1962-08-16
Abstract: 950,428. Treating animals. E. J. S. BRON. Aug. 16, 1962 [Aug. 16, 1961], No. 31464/62. Heading A5R. In order to make an ox raise its rear leg while being unable to kick, its Achilles tendon is compressed by a clamp comprising a bowed, fixed limb 1, which engages the front of the shin, and a movable, arcuate member 2 which, by means of a screw 6 and hand wheel 8, is pressed inwards against the tendon. The inner face 5 of the bowed member 1 is of convex cross-section, to avoid injury to the animal, and the outer face may be stiffened by a longitudinal rib 4.
Patent GB-1044687-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to metal clad switchgear
Inventor: ROXBURGH ALBERT
IPC: H01H33/14
Filed: 1962-08-16
Abstract: 1,044,687. High voltage switches. ASSOCIATED ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES Ltd. Aug. 16, 1963 [Aug. 16, 1962], No. 31482/62. Heading H2B. A circuit breaker comprises three switching units connected in series by conductors 20, 21 and mounted in a metal enclosure (not shown), the fixed contacts 9, 12 of two of the units being supported on bushing insulators 1, 2 through which pass connections 4, 5 to external terminals while that 17 of the third unit is supported on a post insulator 3 mounted on the wall of the enclosure. The fixed contacts 9, 12, 17 are placed in arc extinguishing chambers 8, 15, 16 and co-operate with sliding rod contacts 10, 13, 18 insulatingly mounted on an operating rod 22. The chambers 8, 15, 16 also accommodate auxiliary arcing contacts 9a, 12a, 17a connected by resistors 11, 14, 19 to the fixed contacts 9, 12, 17 respectively. The enclosure may contain oil. In a modification (Fig. 2, not shown) the third insulator 3 carries two switching units thus providing four series breaks.
Patent GB-815549-A (GB)
Title: Motor vessels equipped with heating systems
IPC: F24D12/02
Filed: 1956-10-16
Abstract: 815,549. Heat exchangers. WINTER, H. Oct. 16, 1956 [Oct. 19, 1955], No. 31507/56. Class 64(3) A motor vessel is equipped with a heating system in which the engine exhaust gas, a cooling medium and a medium to be heated for use as the heating medium in the heating system are all conducted through a common heat exchanger and the rate of flow of the cooling medium is adjustable. In the form shown, the heat exchanger comprises a chamber 1 having an inlet 2 and an outlet 3 for the exhaust gases from the engine of the motor vessel. The chamber 1 is surrounded by a doublewalled jacket for defining two annular spaces 4, 5. Water heated in the space 4 is circulated by way of inlet and outlet connections 6 through heat radiators located in compartments to be heated in the vessel. A controlled proportion of a medium, e.g. air or sea-water used in the engine cooling system of the motor vessel, is tapped off from the engine cooling system and pumped through the annular space 5 whereby the water temperature in the space 4 and hence the heating effect of the heating system is regulated. Inwardly directed bulges 1a and 4d are provided in the walls of the chamber 1 and the inner jacket 4 respectively to permit thermal expansion and contraction. Specification 769,215 is referred to.
Patent GB-1351916-A (GB)
Title: Liquid flow control valves
IPC: F16F9/348
Filed: 1970-03-26
Abstract: 1351916 Valves; piston valves GIRLING Ltd 19 April 1971 [26 March 1970 2 June 1970] 31519/72 and 31520/72 Divided out of 1346169 Headings F2V and F2S The disclosure is identical with the parent Specification 1,346,169, but the claims are directed to a valve in which the ducts in a guide are aligned with passages in a stop engageable by the inner edge of the annular valve member after the latter has left the inner seat.
Patent GB-1222454-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to coal-cutting and other mining machines
IPC: E21C25/14
Filed: 1969-06-23
Abstract: 1,222,454. Mining machine. EICKHOFF MASCHINENFABRIK U. EISENGIESSEREI m.b.H. GEB. 23 June, 1969 [10 Aug., 1968], No. 31567/69. Heading E1F. A wool or other mining machine is movable along a face conveyor 2 and comprises a rotary cutter 4 mounted on a pivotable support arm 1, a loading cowl 7 pivotable about the axis of the cutter between two operative positions, and a ramp 10 extending from the floor to the upper edge of the conveyor and having at each end adjacent one or other of the two operative positions of the cowl a plate 12 or 13 substantially to seal off the space between the cowl and the conveyor. H plate 15 is pivotally mounted above the conveyor and moves the mined material towards the middle of the conveyor.
Patent GB-742913-A (GB)
Title: Process for the synthesis of hydrocarbons
IPC: C07C1/04
Filed: 1953-11-13
Abstract: Hydrocarbon synthesis is effected using blastfurnace gases obtained in iron smelting which, after conversion of part of the carbon monoxide with steam, or after addition of hydrogen or carbon monoxide/hydrogen mixtures and/or steam, are reacted in the presence of a carbon monoxide hydrogenation catalyst.  The products, viz hydrocarbons and oxygenated derivatives, are then separated, carbon dioxide removed from the end gas and used in the treatment of iron, for example in steel refining or the iron-smelting process, or for the generation of carbon monoxide for the synthesis, and the nitrogen-rich residual gas used in ammonia synthesis.  The hydrogenation of the carbon monoxide with hydrogen or steam is preferably effected with iron catalysts.  The carbon dioxide may be removed from the end gas by water washing under pressure and returned to the smelting process to react with coke to form carbon monoxide. Low molecular synthesis hydrocarbons may also be passed to the smelting process.  In an example, blast furnace gas is mixed with steam and passed over an iron-copper - magnesia - potassium carbonatekieselguhr catalyst at 250 DEG  C., 10-20 atmospheres and 400-500 vols/vol/hour, hydrocarbons of above C2 are removed by washing or adsorption, carbon dioxide by washing with aqueous alkali, carbon monoxide with copper salt solution, and the residual sulphur-free nitrogen used for ammonia synthesis.ALSO:Blast furnace gases from iron smelting are treated with steam or hydrogen or a carbon monoxide/hydrogen mixture with or without steam, the mixture contacted with a carbon monoxide hydrogenation catalyst, the synthesized hydrocarbons and oxygenated derivatives separated, and carbon dioxide separated from the end gas, for example by water-washing under pressure, to yield a sulphur-free nitrogen. Residual carbon monoxide may be removed with a copper salt solution.