Patent GB-730859-A (GB)
Title: Improvement in the concentration of viscous solutions
Inventor: DREWITT JAMES GORDON NAPIER
IPC: B01D1/16
Filed: 1951-10-01
Abstract: <PICT:0730859/IV (a)/1> Viscous solutions in volatile solvents of substances of high molecular weight having some degree of film- or filament-forming ability, the solutions being liquid at ordinary temperatures, are concentrated by extruding the solutions to form liquid filaments or films under conditions such that part of the solvent is immediately evaporated from the filaments or films without supplying heat to them from an external source, the amount of solvent evaporated being insufficient to cause the solution to solidify or become a gel.  Preferably the atmosphere surrounding the filaments or films immediately after their extrusion contains a high proportion, e.g. 75-80 and especially above 90 per cent, by volume of the vapour of the solvent.  The solutions may be of cellulose acetate in acetone, vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymers in acetone, or aqueous nitromethane solutions of polyacrylonitrile.  The solution is preferably heated, under a pressure sufficient to keep it liquid, to a temperature above the normal boiling point of the solvent in the solution and while still at such a temperature is extruded into an evaporation zone in which a pressure is maintained which allows part of the solvent to evaporate from the solution.  When the heated solution is extruded as filaments, their diameter is preferably below 2 mm. and especially 0.1-1 mm., e.g. 0.3-0.8 mm.  When the solution is extruded as a film, the film thickness is preferably below 2 mm. and especially 0.1-1 mm.  As shown, a 28 per cent by weight solution of cellulose acetate in acetone is forced under pressure through the heater 1, in which its temperature is raised to 120 DEG  C., whence it passes to the nozzle 5 provided with a number of orifices 6 of diameter 0.6 mm.  The solution is thus extruded in the form of filaments into the vertical cylindrical evaporator 4, which is at atmospheric pressure and into which air is drawn through the inlet 12 of the inner cylindrical tube 8 at such a rate as to maintain the concentration of acetone vapour just below the nozzle at about 95 per cent by volume.  The shell 7 of the evaporator 4 is cooled by means of cold water from the sparge pipe 14, and most of the vaporized acetone is condensed in the space between the shell 7 and the tube 8 and leaves the evaporator by the outlet 11, the remainder being carried away with the air leaving the evaporator by the outlet 10. The solution, concentrated to 45 per cent by weight, leaves the evaporator through the outlet 9 leading to a receiver (not shown). The cold water flowing down the outside of the shell 7 is caught in a gutter 15 provided with a run off 16.ALSO:<PICT:0730859/III/1> Viscous solutions in volatile solvents of substances of high molecular weight having some degree of film- or filament-forming ability, the solutions being liquid at ordinary temperature, are concentrated by extruding the solutions to form liquid filaments or films under conditions such that part of the solvent is immediately evaporated from the filaments or films without supplying heat to them from an external source, the amount of solvent evaporated being insufficient to cause the solution to solidify or become a gel. Preferably the atmosphere surrounding the filaments or films immediately after their extrusion contains a high proportion, e.g. 75-80, and especially above 90 per cent, by volume of the vapour of the solvent.  The solutions may be of cellulose acetate in acetone, vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymers in acetone, or aqueous nitromethane solutions of polyacrylonitrile.  The solution is preferably heated, under a pressure sufficient to keep it liquid, to a temperature above the normal boiling point of the solvent in the solution and while still at such a temperature is extruded into an evaporation zone in which a pressure is maintained which allows part of the solvent to evaporate from the solution.  When the heated solution is extruded as filaments, their diameter is preferably below 2 mm. and especially 0.1-1 mm., e.g. 0.3-0.8 mm.  When the solution is extruded as a film, the film thickness is preferably below 2 mm. and especially 0.1-1 mm.  As shown, a 28 per cent by weight solution of cellulose acetate in acetone is forced under pressure through the heater 1, in which its temperature is raised to 120 DEG  C., whence it passes to the nozzle 5 provided with a number of orifices 6 of diameter 0.6 mm.  The solution is thus extruded in the form of filaments into the vertical cylindrical evaporator 4, which is at atmospheric pressure and into which air is drawn through the inlet 12 of the inner cylindrical tube 8 at such a rate as to maintain the concentration of acetone vapour just below the nozzle at about 95 per cent by volume.  The shell 7 of the evaporator 4 is cooled by means of cold water from the sparge pipe 14 and most of the vaporized acetone is condensed in the space between the shell 7 and the tube 8 and leaves the evaporator by the outlet 11, the remainder being carried away with the air leaving the evaporator by the outlet 10. The solution, concentrated to 45 per cent by weight, leaves the evaporator through the outlet 9 leading to a receiver (not shown). The cold water flowing down the outside of the shell 7 is caught in a gutter 15 provided with a run off 16.