Patent GB-612409-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to ultra high frequency apparatus for interchanging energy between a concentric transmission line and a circular wave guide
IPC: H01P1/06
Filed: 1944-03-31
Abstract: 612,409. Wave-guides. SPERRY GYROSCOPE CO., Inc. March 31, 1944, No. 6068. Convention date, April 2, 1943. [Class 40 (v)] Apparatus for interchanging energy between a concentric line and a circular wave-guide coaxial therewith, comprises an inner conductor for the concentric line extending coaxially into the wave-guide, and a terminating member connected to and supported by said inner conductor, said terminating member having a cylindrical section and a conical section shorter than a wavelength of the operating frequency. Fig. 1 shows an arrangement for coupling a rectangular wave-guide 11 to a circular waveguide 14 by means of a concentric line 13, 21. Conductor 13 intersects guide 11 in a direction parallel with the transverse electric lines of force, and is adjustably held in a stub 16 of length K affording a maximum energy transfer between guide 11 and line 13. The end of guide 11 is terminated by a wall 12 whose distance h from line 13 is adjusted so that the electric field standing wave has a maximum at 13. Rod 13 extends for a distance b into guide 14 and terminates in a member 23 having a cylindrical part 24 of length f and diameter g, and a conical part 25 having a length which is short compared with a wavelength and an apical angle 6 which is found to be optimum at about 50 degrees. A smooth transfer of energy from coaxial line 13, 21 to what is in effect a second coaxial line 24, 14 is obtained by making the ratio of diameters a : d equal to the ratio e : g. By a proper selection of the dimensions h, k, f and b, it is arranged that the reflected waves in guide 11 due to the two couplings are in opposite phase and cancel out to give perfect matching which holds over a fair range of frequency. The position of termination 23 is adjusted at 19 for different frequencies. In a modification (Fig. 3, not shown), the length of the transmission line 13, 21 is reduced to a minimum by being cut down by an integral number of half wavelengths. Also the characteristic of the lower coupling is improved by the lower end of the outer conductor 21 extending a small distance into the guide 11. Further, the stub 16 has a tapered integral extension in the form of a sheath closely surrounding the lower end of rod 13 for a quarter wavelength. Either coupling may be used separately for coupling a guide to a concentric line, the other guide being replaced by suitable utilisation apparatus. Fig. 4 shows an arrangement for coupling a rotatable rectangular guide 31 to a fixed rectangular guide 32. Guides 31, 32 are coupled to concentric line 33, 34 by means substantially as shown in the lower part of Fig. 1 and in Fig. 3. The outer conductor 33 is split into parts 33<1>, 33<11>, the gap being covered by a wave trap 38 of the type described in Specification 612,406. Central conductor 34 is fixed to the rotatable guide 31 and passes freely down through stub 16<1>. The end of 34 may be used for mechanically driving rotatable guide 31, bearings 39, 40 being provided. In a modification of this arrangement (Fig. 5, not shown), both inner and outer conductors of the concentric line are gapped and a modified form of wave trap is used. These rotatable couplings may be employed with the arrangements of Figs. 1 and 3 and may use the rotatable wave-guide joints shown in Specification 612,406.