Patent GB-814455-A (GB)
Title: Magnetic device
IPC: H01F3/08
Filed: 1955-08-29
Abstract: 814,455. Magnetic storage devices. RADIO CORPORATION OF AMERICA. Aug. 29, 1955 [Sept. 13, 1954; Dec. 7, 1954], No. 24770/55. Class 38 (2). [Also in Group XXXIX] A magnetic device comprising a body of magnetic material which has a substantially rectangular hysteresis characteristic so that the material is substantially saturated at remanence is characterized in that the body has at least two apertures. thereby providing at least two flux paths in the body which paths have a common portion and separate portions, means being provided adjacent the respective apertures to produce flux in the respective paths. A magnetic device has a body 31 of magnetic material which has a rectangular hysteresis loop as shown in Fig. 1c, the remanent values P1, N1 of which are such that at these values the material of the body 31 is substantially saturated. Three apertures 32, 34, 36 are made in the body such that it is divided into four legs 1, 2, 3, 4 which legs form parts of the flux paths around the three apertures. When a reversing switch 117 is moved to the left and a switch 116 closed a current flows from a battery 115 through a winding 37 so as to produce a magnetic flux flow around the aperture 36 in a clockwise direction as indicated by the solid arrows in the legs 3, 4. A further reversing switch 112 is now moved upwards and a switch 111 closed so as to cause a current to flow from a battery 110 through a winding 33 to produce a magnetic flux flow around the aperture 32 also in a clockwise direction and which is indicated by dotted arrows in the legs 1, 2. If the switches 111, 116 are now opened the material around the apertures 32, 36 remains saturated in a condition indicated for example by the value PI in Fig. lc. Under such conditions there is a flux flow around the aperture 34 in a counterclockwise direction indicated by a solid arrow in leg 3 and a dotted arrow in leg 2. If now a current in the direction of an arrow b is passed through a winding 35 from an alternating current source 113 a magnetic flux will be caused to flow in a clock. wise direction around the aperture 34 thus changing the direction of the flow of flux around this aperture, the change of flux inducing a voltage in an output winding 39 which is applied to a load device 114 which may be an indicating instrument. If the current from the A.C. source 113 is now removed the material around the aperture 34 will remain saturated in a condition indicated for example by the value N1 in Fig. 1c. The current from the A.C. source 113 to the winding 35 is now reversed to flow in the direction b<SP>1</SP>. A counterclockwise flux flow is now produced around the aperture 34 thus changing the direction of the flux flow and thereby inducing a voltage in the output winding 39 of the opposite polarity to that previously induced therein. If now the switch is moved downwards and the switch 111 closed the current flow in the winding 33 will produce a flux flow around the aperture 32 in a counterclockwise direction as indicated by the solid arrows in the legs 1, 2. When the switch 111 is opened the saturated remanent flux conditions in the legs 2, 3 will be as indicated by the solid arrows in these legs. When a current is passed through the winding 35 from the A.C. source 113 there will now be no change in the flux conditions surrounding the aperture 34 since the flux produced by the current in the winding 35 can only tend to further saturate the leg 2 or the leg 3 according to the direction of such current. Consequently there is no linkage between the winding 35 and the output winding 39. Thus if such a device is used in a magnetic storage device the winding 33 will control the " read-out " on the winding 39, the read-out being non-destructive. Any errors induced in the winding 39 can be eliminated by passing the winding 39 in suitable directions through more than one aperture. In operation of the device the positive and negative currents passed through the winding 35 may be of unequal amplitudes. A two-aperture magnetic device is shown in Fig. 5. In this device an intense negative excitation current is initially applied to a winding 43a from a pulse source 47 thereby establishing a counterclockwise flux flow around the aperture 42 and, because of the intensity of the current, a flux flow is also produced around the path indicated by the dotted line 56. Thus when the current is removed the legs 49, 50, 51 remain saturated in the sense indicated by the solid arrows in these legs. When now a positive excitation current, of an amplitude much less than that applied to the winding 43a, is applied to a winding 44 from an A.C. source 46 the flux in the leg 50 is reversed whilst the flux in the leg 51 decreases or slightly reverses whilst the flux in the leg 49 remains substantially the same. These conditions arise because of the relative widths of the legs 49, 50, 51 and because of the relative amplitudes of the currents in the windings 43a, 44. Due to the flux changes in the legs 50, 51 a voltage is induced in an output winding 45. A negative excitation current in the winding 44 will now return the device to its prior remanent condition inducing a further voltage in the winding 45. With a two-aperture device of this kind an output in the winding 45 can be prevented or blocked by applying an intense positive excitation to the winding 43 from the pulse source 47. A number of the devices may be coupled together to obtain an increased power output. The windings on the device can also be provided with suitable numbers of turns to produce step-up or step-down ratios. Numerous embodiments are described wherein the windings can be combined together, with suitable parallel or series connections of the load device and the A.C. source. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 10 one of the apertures, namely 222, is shaped in the form of a truncated cone. In this case when a current is passed through the winding 228 from a suitable source the magnetic material around the aperture 222 will have two zones of differing magnetizations, indicated by the references 260, 262 above and below a dotted line. The position of this line relative to the thickness of the body 1 will depend upon the strength of the current in the winding 228. Thus the device can be arranged to have differing response characteristics according to the shape of the apertures. In further embodiments there are disclosed devices having more than three apertures and others in which the various windings are orthogonally related to each other.