Patent GB-579428-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to shuttering and wall ties for use therewith in the construction of buildings, and a method for utilising said shuttering and wall ties
IPC: E04G11/18
Filed: 1943-12-14
Abstract: 579,428. Casting concrete walls in situ; cavity walls; wall ties. ROOKE, N. Dec. 14, 1943, No. 20966. [Classes 20 (ii) and 20 (iv)] Relates to shuttering and wall ties for use therewith in casting concrete or like cavity or solid walls. According to the invention, such walls are made course by course, utilizing only one set of shuttering, by assembling on the usual dampcourse 13 (laid on the already prepared footings 14) shuttering associated with an upper and lower set of tubular ties or bars 10, filling the space within the shuttering with concrete or the like, dismantling the shuttering, after the concrete &c. has set, by removing the upper set of ties but leaving the lower set of ties embedded in the concrete &c. raising the shuttering, re-assembling the same shuttering with further tubular ties, and repeating the operations for each course. As shown in Fig. 2, in making a cavity wall, shuttering comprising outer and inner parts 1, 2 and an inner part 3 is used. The portion 3 consists of two tapered members fitting flatly together, this formation facilitating the removal of the part 3 after the concrete has set. Several modifications. of the construction of the two members of the cavity-forming part 3, whereby they may be easily withdrawn, are described. Tubular ties 10, which may be of galvanised metal, have fixed thereon washers 11, 11a which rest upon the damp-course 13 and are spaced as shown, with one pair 11a flush with the faces of the cavity to be formed in the wall, and the other pair 11 at or near each end of the tube. Each tube may be equal in length to the whole thickness of the cavity wall, or, as shown, they may be somewhat shorter, fibre or like tubes 12 being aligned with the tubular ties 10 to facilitate insertion and withdrawal of fixing bolts 7. These bolts are passed through holes near the lower edges of the outer shuttering-members 1, 2 and through the tubes 12, 10, and nuts 15 are then screwed on to the bolts to assist in clamping the shuttering in position. Notches are formed in the upper and lower edges of the shuttering members 3 which form the cavity in the wall, those in the lower edges allowing the parts 3 to fit over and rest on the ties 10. Similar tubular ties are laid in the upper notches in the parts 3, bolts passing through holes near the upper edges of the members 1, 2 are inserted through the upper ties, and nuts are then applied to the bolts to complete the clamping of all the shuttering members. When concrete &c. has been poured into the spaces between the shuttering members and allowed to set, the nuts 15 and bolts 7 are withdrawn. The lower tubular ties remain set in the concrete, but the upper ones are removed to allow the cavity shuttering 3 to be withdrawn. After this has been done, the upper ties are replaced in the positions they previously occupied, and the whole of the shuttering units are raised and bolted into position, as before, but at a higher level, so that a further course of concrete or the like can be cast, as shown in Fig. 3b. These operations are repeated as often as required. At the corners of buildings, angle-unit shuttering 16 is employed, attached to the adjacent members 1 by fittings connected by bolts and nuts. Angled cavityshuttering members 3a are also provided at the corners. There may be made, like the main members 3, in two tapered parts, and may be connected to the adjacent parts 3 by attachments 21-24 as shown in Fig. 4. When a wall has been cast, the holes at the ends of the tubular ties may be plugged, or they may be used for purposes such as ventilation, or to form means for attaching gutters, string-courses &c. Window, door, or other openings in the walls may be formed by fixing strips or blocks of wood &c. within the shuttering. Short lengths of pipe may be inserted in the shuttering, to form openings which may be used for the passage of waste pipes, cables &c. Air bricks may be inserted in the shuttering, for casting in the walls. Reinforcements may be inserted in the concrete, and may serve for attachment of partition walls, joists, or corbels &c. For such purposes, ends of the reinforcing material may be doubled up against the face of the shuttering, and, after the latter has been removed, may be bent outwardly. Similarly, lead &c. flashings may be cast into the concrete, with portions turned up against the shuttering and afterwards bent down. If the walls are to be faced with plaster, the shuttering may have rough or grooved surfaces, to provide a key for the plaster inthe cast face. Units of the simttering may be moulded or carved to ornamental shapes. Instead of wooden shuttering, metal (sheet, expanded, or mesh) or plastic material may be used. In casting a cavity wall, different kinds of material may be used for the outer and inner parts of the wall. For example, quicksetting waterproof cement mixed with hard coarse aggregate may be used for the outer part. and the inner part may be made of another kind of cement mixed with coke breeze, foamed slag &c. suitable for the formation of a non-condensing surface.