baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent TW-I269630-B (TW)
Title: Structure of heat radiator
Inventor: YANG CHIH-KAI
IPC: H05K7/20
Filed: 2005-01-11
Granted: 2006-12-21
Abstract: This invention relates to a structure of heat radiator. It is applied for an electronic apparatus to perform the heat dissipation for its heating element. It comprises a heat conducting portion, a heat transfer portion, and a heat dissipation fin set. The heat transfer portion includes a heat conducting plate, and a buckling spring. The plane of the heat conducting plate combined to the heating element has at least one retaining ring cylinder and at least one keyhole cylinder. One end of the heat transfer portion is combined to the heat conducting plate. The heat dissipation fin set is combined to another end of the heat transfer portion. The retaining ring cylinder and the keyhole cylinder of the heat conducting plate support the bucking spring The heating element is clipped by the buckling spring fastened and locked to the retaining ring cylinders and the keyhole cylinders. Eventually, the heating surface of the heating element combines with the heat conducting plate.
Patent TW-I269040-B (TW)
Title: Logic and audio porbe
Inventor: LIAO TUNG-TSAI
IPC: G01R13/00
Filed: 2005-03-07
Granted: 2006-12-21
Abstract: A logic and audio probe to examine digital or audio signals is provided. The logic and audio probe includes a probe, a digital signal detecting module, an audio module and a switching device. The probe is to receive an input signal. The digital signal detecting module serves as determining and displaying the value of the input signal, either a first or a second status value. The audio module serves as transferring the input signal into an audio signal and outputting the audio signal. The switching device, electrically connected to the probe, the digital signal detecting module and the audio module, serves as delivering the input signal either to the digital signal detecting module or the audio module.
Patent TW-I248902-B (TW)
Title: Bicycle trigger shifter
Inventor: MCLAUGHLIN SCOTT
IPC: B62M25/04
Filed: 2005-03-15
Granted: 2006-02-11
Abstract: A trigger shifter for operating a bicycle gear change device that includes a housing mountable to handlebar, a cable spool for pulling and releasing a control cable connected to the gear change device, a pull lever mechanism and a release lever mechanism. The pull lever mechanism includes a pull lever rotatable about a first axis defining a first plane of motion perpendicular to the first axis. The release lever mechanism includes a release lever rotatable about a second axis defining a second plane of motion perpendicular to the second axis. The first and second planes of motion form an angle therebetween in the range of 20 to 70 degrees.
Patent TW-I260275-B (TW)
Title: Ink jet recording head and ink jet recording apparatus
Inventor: HIROSAWA TOSHIAKI
IPC: B41J2/14
Filed: 2005-07-20
Granted: 2006-08-21
Abstract: To provide a highly reliable, compact, and inexpensive ink jet recording head, the present invention includes: a liquid discharge substrate having on a front surface side a discharge port for discharging a liquid, and having, on a back surface side, a liquid discharge port for supplying the liquid discharged from the discharge port, and an electrode for transmitting and receiving a signal to drive energy generation means for discharging the liquid from the discharge port; a film-like electrical wiring member joined to the back surface of the liquid discharge substrate, the film-like electrical wiring member including a liquid supply hole communicating with the liquid supply port of the liquid discharge substrate, and an electrical connection portion connected to the electrode; and a retaining member for retaining the liquid discharge substrate with the electrical wiring member interposed therebetween, the retaining member including a liquid supply port for supplying the liquid to the liquid supply port of the liquid discharge substrate.
Patent TW-I260694-B (TW)
Title: Structure for lighting element
Inventor: CHEN ERIC C H
IPC: H01L21/02
Filed: 2005-08-19
Granted: 2006-08-21
Abstract: A structure having a container and a supporter for a lighting element is provided. The container includes a space and a recess. The supporter includes a clamper and a connector sliding in the recess.
Patent TW-I270065-B (TW)
Title: Information storage medium, stamper, disc apparatus, and management information playback method
Inventor: OOTERA YASUAKI
IPC: G11B7/007
Filed: 2005-08-26
Granted: 2007-01-01
Abstract: An information storage medium according to an embodiment of the invention includes a concentric management information area (1). The management information area has a plurality of bar-like patterns (10) in a circumferential direction which include an aggregate of a plurality of grooves (11) or marks (12) aligned in a radial direction. The plurality of bar-like patterns aligned in the circumferential direction form management information.
Patent TW-I413273-B (TW)
Title: Package-integrated thin film led
Inventor: EPLER JOHN
IPC: H01L33/00
Filed: 2005-10-27
Granted: 2013-10-21
Abstract: LED epitaxial layers (n-type, p-type, and active layers) are grown on a substrate. For each die, the n and p layers are electrically bonded to a package substrate (12) that extends beyond the boundaries of the LED die such that the LED layers are between the package substrate and the growth substrate (14). The package substrate provides electrical contacts (22) and conductors leading to solder able package connections. The growth substrate is then removed. Because the delicate LED layers were bonded to the package substrate while attached to the growth substrate, no intermediate support substrate for the LED layers is needed. The relatively thick LED epitaxial layer that was adjacent the removed growth substrate is then thinned and its top surface processed to incorporate light extraction features. There is very little absorption of light by the thinned epitaxial layer, there is high thermal conductivity to the package because the LED layers are directly bonded to the package substrate without any support substrate there between, and there is little electrical resistance between the package and the LED layers so efficiency (light output vs. power input) is high. The light extraction features of the LED layer further improves efficiency.
Patent TW-I423931-B (TW)
Title: Inorganic compounds
Inventor: SCHNITTER CHRISTOPH
IPC: C01G33/00
Filed: 2006-06-02
Granted: 2014-01-21
Abstract: Disclosed is a niobium suboxide powder for the manufacture of capacitors with higher break down voltages, higher temperatures of operation and elongated lifetimes. The powder is doped with nitrogen which is at least partly present in the form homogeneously distributed, x-ray detectable Nb 2 N-crystal domains.
Patent TW-I392082-B (TW)
Title: Efuse and methods of manufacturing the same
Inventor: HSU LOUIS LU-CHEN
IPC: H01L27/04
Filed: 2006-11-01
Granted: 2013-04-01
Abstract: In a first aspect, a first apparatus is provided. The first apparatus is an eFuse including (1) a semiconducting layer above an insulating oxide layer of a substrate; (2) a diode formed in the semiconducting layer; and (3) a silicide layer formed on the diode. Numerous other aspects are provided.
Patent TW-I335656-B (TW)
Title: Leadframe based flash memory cards
Inventor: TAKIAR HEM
IPC: H01L23/495
Filed: 2006-12-28
Granted: 2011-01-01
Abstract: Methods for forming leadframe-based semiconductor packages having curvilinear shapes are disclosed. The leadframes may each include one or more curvilinear slots corresponding to curvilinear edges in the finished and singulated semiconductor package. After encapsulation, the integrated circuit packages on the panel may be singulated by cutting the integrated circuits from the leadframe panel into a plurality of individual integrated circuit packages. The slots in the leadframe advantageously allow each leadframe to be singulated using a saw blade making only straight cuts.
Patent TW-I405421-B (TW)
Title: Method for transmitting response information in mobile communications system
Inventor: LEE YOUNG-DAE
IPC: H04L1/12
Filed: 2007-02-07
Granted: 2013-08-11
Abstract: A method for a user equipment to perform a random access in a mobile communication system is proposed. The method comprises transmitting a specific random access preamble, receiving a MAC PDU comprising one or more random access responses and a MAC header consisting of one or more header parts. All of the header parts is in a first part of the MAC PDU and all of the random access responses is in a second part of the MAC PDU subsequent to the first part.
Patent TW-I412994-B (TW)
Title: Method of configuring non-volatile memory for a hybrid disk drive
Inventor: PYEON HONG BEOM
IPC: G06F9/06
Filed: 2007-06-29
Granted: 2013-10-21
Abstract: A method is provided to operate a non-volatile memory (NVM) in a hybrid drive mode in response to a user selection. To operate in hybrid drive mode, a computer operating system and a basic input/output system are preferably updated to identify the NVM as part of the same logical bootable disk, or logical hybrid drive, as a hard disk drive. Bootable disk sector and address mapping can be modified to reflect the addition or removal of the NVM. The NVM is preferably user-replaceable and upgradeable without opening the computer's casing. When the NVM includes more than one NVM module, a first NVM module can operate in hybrid disk mode while a second NVM module operates in a normal storage mode. Since no internal hardware modification is required, this approach can provide hybrid disk performance using conventional hardware, or to enhance performance of an existing hybrid drive.
Patent TW-I413655-B (TW)
Title: Process for the compounding of polymers
Inventor: SCHWEMLER CHRISTOPH
IPC: B29C48/76
Filed: 2007-08-24
Granted: 2013-11-01
Abstract: The extruder has at least: one melting zone, two de-gasification zones, and a mixing zone for an entrainment gas. Degasification of the melt is achieved using inert entrainment gas. This is introduced into the polymer melt. It is subsequently removed from the extruder, bringing out the volatile compounds with it. The gas and volatiles are removed from the extruder by pressure reduction to below 500 mbar. The gas is nitrogen, a noble gas or carbon dioxide. The polymers are thermoplastics. The polymers compounded together, are selected from two groups; the first reverts by thermal cracking, the second does not. The first group includes polystyrene, its co- or graft copolymers, polyacrylates, polyalkylenes and polyamide. The second group comprises polycarbonate, polyester carbonate and polyalkylene terephthalate. A combination of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene graft copolymer and polycarbonate is used. Mixing ratios of polymers from the two groups, range from 1 : 10 to 2 : 1. There are two successive stages of entrainment gas injection and de-gasification. A two-shaft, co-rotating screw extruder is used. The screw shaft length-to-diameter ratio is 32-44. Further possible zone combinations are elaborated. The quantity of entrainment gas amounts to 0.1% to 0.5% based on the total throughput of starting materials. Entrainment gas is added in the screw mixing zone, or immediately ahead of it.
Patent TW-I412995-B (TW)
Title: On-demand database service system, method, and computer program product for verifying that a developed application will operate properly with at least one other application
Inventor: CRAIG WEISSMAN
IPC: G06F13/00
Filed: 2008-08-18
Granted: 2013-10-21
Abstract: In accordance with embodiments, there are provided mechanisms and methods for verifying that a developed application associated with an on-demand database service will operate properly with at least one other application. These mechanisms and methods for providing such verification can enable embodiments to ensure that new versions of developed applications will operate in the same application environment of a previous version. The ability of embodiments to provide such verification may lead to an improved application migration development/runtime framework, etc.
Patent TW-I403479-B (TW)
Inventor: WANG JENN SHING
IPC: C03C8/24
Filed: 2008-12-31
Granted: 2013-08-01
Abstract: The invention discloses a method for adhering glass comprising the following steps of firstly putting a plurality of glassy material between a first glass and a second glass, putting the glassy material, the first glass and the second glass in a microwave field for heating until the glassy material is heated and immersed into the first glass and the second glass, cooling the first glass and the second glass, and taking the adhered first glass and the second glass from the microwave field.
Patent TW-I408254-B (TW)
Title: Metal surface treatment aqueous solution and method for inhibiting whiskers on a metal surface
Inventor: MORII YUTAKA
IPC: C09D7/63
Filed: 2009-09-21
Granted: 2013-09-11
Abstract: A tin or tin alloy plating film surface treatment aqueous solution that can reduce whiskers on the surface of a tin or tin alloy plating film, and can provide a favorable tin or tin alloy plating film using a simple method for tin or tin alloy plating films that are used on electronic components.
Patent TW-I408247-B (TW)
Title: Method and device for producing metal oxide film
Inventor: MATSUMOTO KENJI
IPC: C23C16/455
Filed: 2010-05-18
Granted: 2013-09-11
Abstract: [Problems]There is provided a metal oxide film forming method capable of controlling a film thickness of a metal oxide even if the metal oxide is subject to a self-limited thickness. [Means for Solving the Problems] A metal oxide film forming method includes a process (1) of supplying a metal source gas to a surface of a base before a temperature of the base reaches a film formation temperature of a metal oxide film; and a process (2) of setting the temperature of the base to be equal to or higher than the film formation temperature and forming the metal oxide film on the base by making a reaction between the metal source gas supplied to the surface of the base and residual moisture on the surface of the base.
Patent GB-2470122-B (GB)
Title: Subsea high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide storage
Inventor: CHANG DAE-JUN
IPC: F17C1/00
Filed: 2010-05-06
Granted: 2013-12-11
Abstract: A subsea high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide storage equipment includes a carrier 101 for holding and carrying high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide; a water-surface power supply equipment 130 arranged on the surface of the water to supply power; a subsea storage equipment 120 having high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide stored therein; a relay flotation tank 110 having high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide stored therein; and an undersea injection pump 140 configured to inject high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide into an undersea storage base 100 and fixedly provided in the seabed. The storage equipment 120 may comprise a buoyancy controller using seawater influx and discharge pumps to regulate the buoyancy of the storage tank 120. The storage installation may feature measuring units or sensors to measure the amount of liquid CO2 and non-condensable gases in the storage space 100.
Patent GB-2486799-B (GB)
Title: Hydrocyclone condition monitoring
Inventor: HADFIELD DAVID
IPC: B04C11/00
Filed: 2011-12-19
Granted: 2013-02-27
Abstract: A wear detector for a hydrocyclone 26 located in a pressure vessel 2 comprises one or more strain gauges mounted to the hydrocyclone to sense vibration of the hydrocyclone in use, and a signal processor for sampling the strain gauge outputs and generating a frequency signature for the hydrocyclone to determine the energy density in a plurality of frequency bands, to thereby indicate the degree of wear of internal surfaces of the hydrocyclone. The hydrocyclone could be any type of cyclonic separator for separating solids from fluids such as sand from oil and water. The processed signal may be weighted to account for different operating pressures.
Patent GR-14039-B (GR)
Title: Συσκευη δια τον μακροθεν ελεγχον μετα μηχανισμου ζευξεως.
Filed: 1952-06-14
Abstract: ία συσκευή διά τον μακρόθεν έλεγχον περιλαμβάνουσα μίαν ελέγχουσαν και μίαν ελεγχόμενην μονάδα, εκάστην συνδεδεμένην προς τον ενδείκτην θέσεως αυτής,των ρηθέντων ενδεικτών εν συνεργασίας παραγόντων εν ηλεκτρικόν σήμα, ο χαρακτήρ του οποίου εξαρτάται εκ των θέσεων της ελεγχούσης και της ελεγχομένηςμονάδος εν σχέσει προς αλλήλας, και το οποίον εισάγεται εις ένα ενισχυτήν ή μιαν άλυσον ενισχυτών περιέχοντα τουλάχιστον εν δίκτυον ηθμών, του σήματος το οποίον λαμβάνεται εκ του ενισχυτού ή της αλύσου ενισχυτών εφαρμοζομένον εις μίαν συσκευήν ρυθμίζουσαν τας κινήσεις μιας κινητηρίου μονάδος διά την ελεγχομένην μονάδα, χαρακτηριζομένη υπό τινος μηχανισμού ζεύξεως όστις, αντιστοίχως προς μεταβολήντης ισχύος του σήματος το οποίον εφαρμόζεται ειςτον ρηθέντα ενισχυτήν ή την άλυσον ενισχυτών, συνδέει ή αποσυνδέει εν ή πλείονα εξ ωρισμένον στοιχείων εις το ρηθέν δίκτυον ηθμών.
Patent GR-21224-B (GR)
Title: Μεθοδος παρασκευης θεραπευτικης συνθεσεως.
Filed: 1955-03-19
Abstract: ν σταθερόν συμπεπυκνωμένον διάλυμα ενώσεως τινός του τύπου του βαρβιτουρικού οξέος, έχον αναισθητικάς ή υπνωτικάς ιδιότητας και περιλαμβάνον εν ουσιαστικώς άνευ ύδατος διάλυμα ενώσεως τινός του τύπουτου βαρβιτουρικού οξέος διαλελυμένου εντός ενός δυναμένου να χορηγηθή παρεντερικώς και να αναμιχθή μεθ' ύδατος οργανικού διαλύτου, του ειρημένου διαλύτου εμπεριέχοντος εν διαλύσει έν δυνάμενον να χορηγηθή παρεντερικώς και να αναμιχθή με' ύδατος αλκαλικόν αντιδραστηριον.
Patent GR-26873-B (GR)
Title: Μεθοδος δια την παρασκευην μιας διαβρεκτικης ψεκαζομενης κονεως δυναμενης να χρησιμοποιειται δια την καταπολεμησιν των ζιζανιων και η δια της μεθοδουταυτης λαμβανομενη ψεκαζομενη κονις.
Filed: 1960-11-26
Abstract: έθοδος δια την παρασκευήν μιας διαβρεκτικής ψεκαζομένης κόνεως δυναμένης να χρησιμοποιείται προς καταπολέμησιν ζιζανίων, ήτις ως ενεργόν ουσίαν περιέχει μίαν στερεάν, εις τας αμινομάδας δι' αλκυλικώνυπολοίπων ή αλκενυλικών υπολοίπων υποκατεστημένην2-χλωρο-4,6-δις(αμινο)-s-τριαζίνην, δι' αναμίξεωςτης ενεργού ουσίας, διαβρεκτικού μέσου, προστατευτικού του κολλοειδούς και ενδεχομένως αδρανούς προσθετικού υλικού και αλέσεως του μίγματος, διακρινομένη εκ τούτου, ότι προ της αλέσεως προσθέτομεν μίαν ποσότητα 3-15%, κατά προτίμησιν 3-7% ύδατος, ενσχέσει προς το συνολικόν βάρος του μίγματος, είταδε το διϋρανθέν υλικόν αναμιγνύομεν μέχρι ολοσχερούς ομοιογενοποιήσεως και υποβάλλομεν εις άλεσιν μέχρις απολήψεως κόκκων πολύ λεπτού μεγέθους.
Patent GR-23433-B (GR)
Title: Μεθοδος προς αποκτησιν νικελιου και κοβαλτιου εκ πτωχων πυριτικων μεταλλευματων και μεταλλουργικων απορριμματων.
Inventor: GODEK JERRY
Filed: 1962-07-05
Abstract: έθοδος προς εξαγωγήν νικελίου και κοβαλτίου εκ πτωχών πυριτικών μεταλλευμάτων και μεταλλουργικών απορριμμάτων περιεχόντων νικέλιον περί τα 0,15%, χαρακτηριζομένη εκ του ότι τα μεταλλεύματα ή απορρίμματα ταύτα έχουσιν αναμιχθή μετά προσθηκών περιεχουσών θείον, σουλφίδια, θειϊκά ή θειώδη άλατα άλλων μετάλλων και χλωρίδια αλκαλικών μετάλλων ή μεταλλικά χλωρίδια αλκαλικών γαιών, μεθ' ο το μίγμα υποβάλλεται εις φρύξιν ως φορτίον καμίνου, κατά την διάρκειαν της οποίαν το νικέλιον και κοβάλτιον μετασχηματίζονται εκ της αδιαλύτου εν τω ύδατι ή αδιαλύτου εντός ασθενών πυριτικών οξέων μορφής αυτών εις μίαν άλλην μορφήν ευδιαλύτων χλωριδίων, οξυχλωριδίων ή συμπλόκων χλωριδίων-θειϊκών αλάτων και μετά τον διαχωρισμόν δι' εκπλύσεως του υλικού φρύξεως μεταπηδούν εις διάλυμα, εκ του οποίου απολαμβάνονταιως καθαρά μέταλλα τη βοηθεία επιλογικής κατακρημνίσεως, δια της προσκαίρου οξειδώσεως αυτών δια καταλλήλως επιλεγείσης τιμής ρΗ του διαλύματος.
Patent GR-32163-B (GR)
Title: Ξυριστικαι λεπιδες και μεθοδος κατασκευης αυτων.
Inventor: FLAHERTY FRANCIS EDWARD
IPC: B26B21/54
Filed: 1967-03-14
Abstract: Mία ξυριστική λεπίς εξ ανθρακούχου χάλυβος, χαρακτηριζομένη εκ του γεγονός ότι η περιεκτικότης ωστενίου είναι μεγαλυτέρα του 23% (κατά προτίμησιν 25-28%) και η εγκλειομένη γωνία της τελικής έδρας της κοπτούσης ακμής είναι μεγαλυτέρα των 25°.
Patent GR-32749-B (GR)
Title: Φυσιγγιον παρουσιασεως δια φιαλιδια.
IPC: A47F7/28
Filed: 1967-05-18
Abstract: υσκευασία παρουσιάσεως δια φιαλίδια, φιάλας δοχεία ή παρόμοια αντικείμενα έχοντα ένα λαιμόν εις το άνω τμήμα των, χαρακτηριζομένη εκ του ότι αποτελείται εξ ενός φύλλου κυματοειδούς χαρτονιού ορθογωνίου μορφής διαχωριζομένου, υπό πέντε παραλλήλων γραμμών αναδιπλώσεως εις εξ παραλλήλους λωρίδας προωρισμένας να σχηματίσουν αντιστοίχως μίαν άνω οριζοντίαν περειάν ΙΙ έχουσαν, κατά μήκος της ακμής της,υποδοχάς των οποίων η γενική μορφή είναι τμήμα περιφερείας εκτεινόμενον ολίγον περισσότερον των 180μοιρών προς συσφιξιν των τραχήλων των λαιμών των φιαλιδίων 26 τα οποία τοποθετούνται εκεί, των υποδοχών τούτων εχουσών κατά προτίμησιν μίαν διευρυνομένην είσοδον μίαν οπισθίαν κατακόρυφον παρειάν 12,ένα πυθμένα 13, μιαν εμπροσθίαν κατακόρυφον παρειάν 14 μικροτέρου ύψους από ότι η οπισθία κατακόρυφος παρειά, μίαν κεκλιμένην παρειάν 15 παρουσιάζουσαν, έμπροσθεν των προαναφερθεισών υποδοχών οπάς καταλλήλους προς παραλαβήν του σώματος των φιαλιδίωνκαι ένα όνυχα 16 προς επίπεδον καταβίβασιν έναντιτης εσωτερικής επιφανείας της οπισθίας κατακορύφου παρειάς.
Patent GR-70384-B (GR)
Inventor: BUS JAN
IPC: C11D3/37
Filed: 1980-11-06
Abstract: The invention relates to non-aqueous, built liquid detergent compositions. By a judicious choice of surfactant, solvent, alkaline material and builder, and the use of an at least partially hydrolyzed copolymer of maleic anhydride and ethylene or vinylmethylether, stable compositions are obtained. The method of making same requires first dissolving the copolymer in the solvent before the other ingredients are added.
Patent GR-75370-B (GR)
Inventor: MAYO SEAN ALFRED
IPC: G05D23/24
Filed: 1981-10-29
Abstract: A control system is provided for a series of individual heat control devices (2), comprising electrically conductive connections from a main control unit (3) to each of the heat control devices (2) and to temperature detectors (1) associated with each control device, means for sending an interrogation pulse from the main control unit (3) to any individual temperature detector, a comparison device for comparing the response to the interrogation with a predetermined value or range of values, and means for sending an operating signal from the main control unit (3) to the related heat control device (2) when the response indicates a value outside said predetermined value or range of values.
Patent GR-76769-B (GR)
Inventor: QURTISS ROY III
IPC: C12N1/00
Filed: 1982-10-21
Abstract: A vaccine for the immunization of a vertebrate comprising a non-pathogenic microbe that expresses a recombinant gene derived from an organism that is a pathogen of, or that produces an allergen of, said animal, where the gene codes for a gene product that is an antigen capable of being recognized by the immune system of the vertebrate and inducing antibody formation against the pathogen or allergen. The use of microbes of the nature described above to produce non-living vaccines comprising such gene products essentially in the absence of other antigenic material from the parent organism.
Patent GR-77471-B (GR)
Inventor: SEGAUD CHRISTIAN
IPC: C08K9/04
Filed: 1983-05-26
Abstract: Molding compositions for the fabrication of shaped articles having enhanced mechanical properties are comprised of (i) a polymeric matrix, (ii) an inorganic reinforcing filler material therefor, and, advantageously, (iii) a polymer/filler coupling agent, said reinforcing filler material consisting essentially of intimate admixture of enstatite and silica advantageously prepared by calcination of a precursor clay at a temperature of at least 800 DEG C.
Patent GR-82000-B (GR)
Inventor: GENEIX CATHERINE
IPC: C12G1/02
Filed: 1984-05-29
Abstract: The process consists in adsorbing endogenous substances which are toxic to yeasts, especially certain fatty acids and their ethyl esters and possibly exogenous substances, especially pesticide residues and substances secreted by other microorganisms developed previously, by addition to the said substrate of cell coats of at least one Gram<+> microorganism and, in particular, of yeasts.