baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-595766-A (GB)
Title: Improved process for the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbon oils
IPC: C10G11/18
Filed: 1945-02-02
Abstract: Hydrocarbon oils are converted in the presence of finely divided catalyst continuously circulating through the convertor and a regenerator, and some or all of the heat required for the conversion is supplied by means of hot regenerated catalyst, any excess regeneration heat being absorbed by injecting water into the hot circulating catalyst.  The water is preferably injected into the convertor itself or into the suspension of catalyst in oil vapour passing to the convertor.  The diagram shows a cracking plant supplied with oil, preheated by hot products if desired, through line 10.  Finely divided, regenerated catalyst at high temperature is introduced into the oil through standpipe 11, and the mixture is passed to reactor 16 in a lower part of which a dense fluidised layer of catalyst is maintained.  Activated clay or a synthetic gel comprising silicaalumina, silica-zirconia, alumina-boria or silica-magnesia may be used as catalyst.  The cracked products pass through cyclone 18 and line 21 to fractionating column 22.  The time of residence of the catalyst in the reactor is controlled so that the amount of combustible deposits formed thereon is insufficient to heat it, during regeneration, above the deactivating temperature.  The contaminated catalyst is withdrawn from the bottom of the reactor through standpipe 31 and conveyed through line 36 to the regenerator 37 by means of a stream of air.  A dense, fluidized layer of catalyst and the combustion gases is maintained in the lower part <PICT:0595766/III/1> of the regenerator from which hot, regenerated catalyst is withdrawn through cone 43 and standpipe 11.  Water, to absorb the excess regeneration heat, is introduced into the reactor through line 45 or into the feed mixture flowing to the reactor.  If desired, additional quenching water may be introduced into the regenerator through line 46.
Patent GB-1160213-A (GB)
Title: A Method of Growing Semiconductor Crystals
IPC: C30B13/02
Filed: 1967-01-18
Abstract: 1,160,213. Silicon crystals. FUJITSU Ltd. 18 Jan., 1967 [18 Jan., 1966], No. 2756/67. Heading B1S. A silicon crystal 7 is grown at 600-1,200C on a silicon substrate wafer 1 having an insulating coating 2 of oxide or nitride from an alloy zone 3 containing gold, silver or aluminium. A decreasing temperature gradient from the supply wafer to the substrate wafer is maintained and the alloy zone passes through the supply wafer. The alloy zone is formed from a metal layer having a thickness of 1-10 Á. Either or both the subsrate and supply wafers may be coated (by vacuum evaporation or plating) with the metal to form the layer. The layer may alternatively be in the form of a foil. A coating, 1-10 Á thick, of silicon may be formed on the insulating coating by deposition from vapour before the crystal-growing process.
Patent GB-371865-A (GB)
Title: Process of producing higher alcohols by fermentation
IPC: C12P7/28
Filed: 1931-01-28
Abstract: Butyl and isopropyl alcohols are produced by the fermentation of a carbohydrate mash (which has not been previously submitted to moulds or their enzymes having strong proteolytic action) by Clostridium Americanum.  Isopropyl alcohol may be added to the culture medium before or after the fermentation has started to check or suppress the development of other organisms such as that which produces butyl alcohol and acetone.  The cultures and subcultures may be made in deep potato-dextrose agar tubes and in molasses media, incubation being effected in an atmosphere of hydrogen, carbon dioxide or mixtures thereof or other inert gases free from oxygen.  In use, when the fermentable material is deficient in protein, food materials such as ammonium sulphate, ammonium phosphate, corn protein, and ethyl alcohol "slop," may be added.  It is not necessary to sterilize all the water employed by steam pressure; the greater part may be sterilized by ultraviolet light, or may be of sufficient quality to make sterilization unnecessary.  A small quantity of inert matter such as carbon, sawdust, straw, starch or cellulose may be added to the mash to facilitate the fermentation.  The mash should be nearly neutral, but may be slightly acid or very slightly alkaline, suitable limits being 10 c.c. of medium equal to 2 c.c of N/10 acid, and 4 c.c of N/10 alkali respectively; thus cane molasses may receive an addition of calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, &c., and beet molasses an addition of sulphuric acid; in the latter case the solution is heated for effecting sterilization and partial inversion of the sucrose.  If the mash contains starch, it is advisable to saccharify before fermentation.  Examples describe the fermentation of (1) cane molasses with addition of ammonium sulphate and phosphate, calcium carbonate, and carbon; (3) beet molasses heated to 70 with a little sulphuric acid, with subsequent addition of calcium carbonate, corn gluten meal and carbon; (4) corn meal warmed with diastase with subsequent addition of a little sulphuric acid to convert the starch to sugar at 65 DEG  C., corn gluten and calcium carbonate being then added.
Patent GB-289558-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in measuring vessels
IPC: G01F19/00
Filed: 1927-02-01
Abstract: 289,558. Weightman, J. S. Feb. 1, 1927. Measure of capacity.- A measuring-vessel 1 is fitted with a permanent cup-like flange 2 forming an annular or other channel upon the exterior of the vessel for receiving the overflow, the upper edge of the flange being at a lower level than the upper edge 4 of the neck of the measuring-vessel. The inner surface of the flange leads down to a point at which an external discharge pipe, with or without a cock 8 is fitted. The flange 2 may be formed in one with the neck 3 and the fitting brazed to the vessel. The overflow is automatically collected so that it can be measured.
Patent GB-347608-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electric control devices
IPC: H01H50/54
Filed: 1930-01-28
Abstract: 347,608. Electromagnetic switches ; press-button retractive switches. KUHN, C. W., 5324, 36th Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A. Jan. 28, 1930, No. 2937. Convention date, Aug. 19, 1929. [Class 38 (v).] An electromagnetic contactor-switch for closing at 5, 6, 7, Fig. 11, the circuit to a motor M and at 8 a retaining circuit for its winding 48 comprises a U-shaped magnet 45, Fig. 6, and a pivoted laminated armature 46 carrying an insulating cross-bar 11 carrying four roller contacts 10, Fig. 2, separated from each other by insulating partitions and each adapted to bridge two fixed contacts 17. The armature is pivoted to a pin 50 by means of two pairs of hooks 54, 58 which embrace the pin, a spring-pressed member 56 preventing detachment of the hooks and therefore of the armature until this member 56 is withdrawn and moved downwards by hand. Each contact 17 comprises a metal portion passed through a hole in a support 9 and acted upon by a spring 27. The contactor switch may be combined with the overload cut-out and " start " and " stop " pushbutton switches described in Specification 342,133.
Patent GB-814197-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in methods and apparatus for the packaging of spring assemblies
Inventor: CARSON ROBERT NEDDERMARK
IPC: B65B27/12
Filed: 1955-02-01
Abstract: 814,197. Packaging spring assemblies. ELSON & ROBBINS Ltd. April 24, 1956 [Feb. 1, 1955, Oct. 17, 1966], No. 2982/55 and 29489/55]. Class 94(1). A spring assembly such as a mattress is progressively compressed from one end to another and rolled into a spiral which is then secured by a circumferential wrapper or wire ties. A flexible strip or strips being laid over the ends of the springs in each row to prevent interlocking of the convolutions of superimposed rows in the spiral. Several mattresses may be compressed and rolled successively to form a single spiral and may be temporarily joined together end-to-end by clips or hooks. Apparatus for compressing and rolling the mattresses comprises an endless belt 3 passing over guide rollers 4, 25 and 26, a jockey roller 7 which is mounted in horizontal guides 10 and urged to the left by a weight 61, a driven roller 15 and a rolling mandrel 6 whose axle is slidable in a guide 30. The roller 26 is rotatable in a support 64 which is slidable in a guide 69 and normally held in the position shown by a pawl 68 releasable by a spring-loader lever 65. The support 64 is also connected by a chain 62 to a lever 81 by which it may be raised after it has been allowed to descend by reload of the pawl. The mattresses are fed in succession to the nip of the belt 3 and mandrel 6 by an inclined driven belt 28 which cooperates with the belt 3 to effect a preliminary compression of the springs. Strips of paper are fed from rolls 27 and laid over the rows of springs of each mattress so as to be drawn from the rolls and rolled up with the mattresses. The leading end of the first mattress is guided back into the nip of the belt 3 and mandrel 6 by the arcuate end face 93 of a pivoted plate 90. When the last mattress has be partially rolled, the strips are severed and a sheet of paper is placed over the upper surface of the mattress so as to be rolled around the bundle. Strips of adhesive paper 54 are fed from rolls through a moistening device 56 and attached to the paper sheet intermediate its ends so that they are rolled with the sheet and secure its overlapping edges. The pawl 68 is then released so that the roller 26 descends and allows the bundle and enclosed mandrel 6 to fall on to an inclined platform 31 on which it is retained by a finger 35 secured to a pivoted platform 34. The latter is then swung upwardly to allow the bundle to roll into a wheeled carriage (not shown) which runs on a guide rail 45 and is suspended from a cable (not shown). The carriage conveys the bundle to apparatus for removing the mandrel.
Patent GB-309161-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to preserving rubber
IPC: C08K5/46
Filed: 1929-01-29
Abstract: 309,161. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., (Assignees of Clifford, A. W.). April 7, 1928, [Convention date]. Thiodiarylamines are obtained by heating a diarylamine with sulphur preferably in presence of a trace of iodine. The reaction is carried out under pressure and at high temperatures, preferably 180-190‹ C., and o-o<1>-dimercaptodiarylamines are represented as intermediate products of the reaction. The process is described in an example using diphenylamine as starting material and in like manner products are obtained from phenyl - 2 - naphthylamine, phenyl-1-naphthylamine, and 2: 2<1>-dinaphthylamine. The products. are of use as rubber preservatives.
Patent GB-456427-A (GB)
Title: New printing blocks and process for manufacturing them
IPC: B41N1/12
Filed: 1935-01-31
Abstract: 456,427. Printing-surfaces. CLOT, 0., 37, AllÚe des Ormes, Perreux, Seine, France. Jan. 31, 1935, No. 3145. Void [Abridged as open to inspection under Sect. 91 of the Acts, Jan. 13, 1936]. [Class 100 (ii)] Printing-plates of rubber, synthetic resins, ebonite, casein, &c. are produced by pressing the material in powder or sheet form on a mould formed of the synthetic resin known as " Novolak. In making the mould, the press surfaces are coated with a mixture of linseed and castor oil, soap and glycerine in water, and the zinc or other original plate is damped with soapy water.
Patent GB-830547-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to fluid pressure operated mechanisms, such as clutches and brakes
IPC: F16D49/12
Filed: 1958-01-30
Abstract: 830,547. Change-speed and clutch control. FORD MOTOR CO. Ltd. Jan. 30, 1958 [Jan. 31, 1957], No. 3163/58. Class 80 (2). [Also in Group XXXIV] To engage a clutch or, as shown, a band brake 66 in an automatic change-speed gear, fluid under pressure is admitted through passages 78, 80, 82 to a cylinder 12 containing two relatively movable pistons 22, 26, one within the other, the fluid under pressure flowing through a one-way valve 40 opened by engagement with the end of the cylinder to a working space 32 to force the inner piston 26 downwards and take up slack quickly so that the brake band is just engaged, the fluid under pressure then acting upon the main piston 22 which moves downwards with greater force against the bias of a spring 46, allowing the one-way valve 40 to be closed by a spring 42, and forcing the brake band firmly into engagement with its associated drum. A bleed-off hole 51 permits the working fluid in the space 32 to escape slowly into the main part of the cylinder 12, thereby cushioning completion of the brake engagement. The inner piston 26 acts through a rocker arm 54 pivoting at 56 and through a link 62 upon one end 64 of the brake band 66, which has its other end 74 abutting the housing of the cylinder 12.
Patent GB-912387-A (GB)
Title: A chemically modified starch and method of producing same
IPC: C08B31/04
Filed: 1960-01-29
Abstract: Starch is modified by reacting it in the presence of an alkaline catalyst and more than 10% of water by weight of dry starch with an ester of (1) an aromatic carboxylic acid or an aliphatic polycarboxylic acid and an ethylenically unsaturated alcohol having 2 or 3 carbon atoms or (2) an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid and an ethylenically unsaturated alcohol having 3 carbon atoms.  Specified esters are vinyl benzoate, vinyl phenylacetate, vinyl naphthoate and allylidene diacetate.  The reaction may be effected at a pH of 7,5-12,5 and a temperature of 75 DEG -115 DEG F., the mixture being neutralized to pH 6,5 with hydrochloric or sulphuric acids and the product dried with the aid of methanol, ethanol or acetone.  Suitable catalysts are sodium carbonate, alkali metal hydroxides, quaternary ammonium hydroxides, ammonium hydroxides or aliphatic amines.  The starch may be derived from roots, stems or seeds.  Specifications 489,330 and 890,083 are referred to.
Patent GB-764359-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to cyclone furnaces and an improved method of burning low grade fuel or of converting incombustible fly ash to slag therein
IPC: F23C3/00
Filed: 1955-02-04
Abstract: 764,359. Pulverized fuel fired furnaces. BABCOCK & WILCOX, Ltd. Feb. 4, 1955 [Feb. 6, 1954], No. 3354/55. Class 51 (1). Low-grade solid fuel is burnt or incombustible fly-ash is converted to slag by melting the ash by introducing into a cyclone furnace chamber as radially superimposed streams whirling in thesame direction around the longitudinal axis of the chamber low-grade fuel or fly-ash and carrier air, readily ignitable fuel and secondary air, the stream of readily ignitable fuel being arranged radially inwards of the secondary air stream and radially outwards of the stream of low-grade fuel or fly-ash and carrier air. In the cyclone furnace chamber shown six groups of nozzles 5, 6, 7 are arranged longitudinally of the chamber their outlet orifices being in the same radial plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the chamber. Nozzles 5 are arranged to discharge secondary air, nozzles 6 to discharge pulverized solid fuel entrained in primary air whilst nozzles 7 discharge solid incombustible material in carrier air. The walls of the chamber are watercooled and the hot combustion gases emanating therefrom enter a secondary furnace chamber (not shown) through a gas throat 8. Suitable means (not shown), are provided in the feed lines of the nozzles for controlling the air flow therein and the flow of the solids to the nozzles 6, 7, the arrangement being such that the supplies to individual nozzles may be controlled or shut off or the supplies to a plurality of nozzles 5, 6, 7, may be controlled simultaneously. Specification 718,757 is referred to.
Patent GB-1091891-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to control systems for vapour generating installations
Inventor: HILTON KENNETH GEORGE
IPC: F22B35/06
Filed: 1964-01-27
Abstract: 1,091,891. Automatic control of boilers. ASSOCIATED ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES Ltd. and JOHN BROWN LAND BOILERS Ltd. Jan. 26, 1965 [Jan.27, 1964], No.3409/64. Heading G3R. In an automatic control system for a boilersuperheater installation, pressure error signals, and temperature error signals corresponding to the highest of a number of temperatures at points which are scanned periodically, are applied to a selector which chooses the smaller to control the boiler fuel supply. As shown, signals from a pressure gauge 31 associated with a steam boiler 1 are compared at 33 with a desired value set at 33M. Thermocouples (not shown) located at various points on superheater tubes 9, 11 are periodically scanned by a unit 41 and the highest signal, stored capacitatively, compared at 43 with a maximum permitted value set at 43M. Error signals from comparators 33, 43 which may include integral and differential terms are applied to a unit 45 which selects the lesser to control the fuel supply by altering (a) the datum of follow-up servosystems 55A-55D adjusting the coal feed to pulverizers 15A-15D supplying rows of burners 5A-5D in the boiler furnace and/or (b) the datum of a pneumatically actuated flow control system 65 adjusting the oil supply to pilot burners (not shown) in the boiler furnace. The error signals selected by unit 45 are also applied to a unit 71 which controls the number of burners and/or pilot burners in operation according to the magnitude of error and the time it has persisted. Initially, at starting, the firing is by oil alone and temperature soon becomes the controlling factor until steam flow through the superheater tubes builds up and pressure becomes the controlling factor.
Patent GB-616063-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to high frequency electric induction heating apparatus
IPC: B23K13/04
Filed: 1946-12-03
Abstract: 616,063. Induction heating. GENERAL ELECTRIC CO., Ltd., BAKER, W. F., SHEPHERD, J., and MARRIS, J. C. Dec. 3, 1946, No. 3432/47, (divided out of 35768/46), 3431/47 and 3433/47. [Class 39. (iii)] Metallic articles, such as hacksaw blades, and steel tubing are heated by induction at two spaced points simultaneously, to equalise the heating stresses in the article and thereby prevent distortion. In Fig. 1 channel shaped elements 2 and 3 of the heating coil are shaped to provide maximum heating of the toothed edge of the hacksaw blade 1 and also the back edge simultaneously. Similarly in Fig. 3 elements 20, 21 of the heating coil provide maximum heating along the seam 10 of the electric conduit 11 and along a line diametrically opposite to the seam. Various alternative arrangements of heating coils are shown.
Patent GB-1144031-A (GB)
Title: A screw conveyor
IPC: B29C48/85
Filed: 1967-01-24
Abstract: 1,144,031. Tempering conveyed material. WERNER & PFLEIDERER. 24 Jan., 1967 [3 Feb., 1966], No. 3441/67. Heading F4U. A screw conveyer and/or its housing is formed with internal cavities 5 which provide a plurality of flow paths A, B, C, D and are supplied in parallel with a heat exchange medium for tempering the conveyed material. The inlets 8a-8d of the paths are connected to a common supply duct 7 and the outlets 9a-9d are connected to a common return duct 10. Duct 7 has sections 7a-7d of progressively smaller cross-section in the direction of fluid flow and the duct 10 has sections 10a-10d of progressively increasing cross-section in the direction of fluid flow. Further sets of independently fed parallel connected flow paths may be provided in the conveyer:
Patent GB-951722-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to coupling arrangements for cooling fans for internal combustion engines
IPC: F16D33/16
Filed: 1962-01-30
Abstract: 951,722. Cooling cylinders. DAIMLER-BENZ A.G. Jan. 30, 1962 [Feb. 4, 1961], No. 3492/62. Heading FIB. [Also in Division F2] A hydrodynamic coupling 10 in the drive of a cooling fan 11. has a coupling fluid circuit 42, Fig. 2, independent of any other engine fluid circuit, the fluid supply pump 24 being structurally combined with the coupling and driven by the input drive 16 of the coupling. The coupling 10 is supported by a bearing block 12 which forms a housing for the pump 24 which comprises one or more piston pumps having pistons 18 driven positively on their suction strokes by a piston rod 21 actuated by an eccentric 25 on the coupling drive shaft 13 and by springs 19 on their pressure strokes. The pump, which is supplied from a reservoir 40 such as the lubricating oil sump, has its output controlled by a valve 39 in the inlet pipe 38 actuated by a thermostat 41 responsive to engine cooling water temperature. The rear side of piston 18 is connected to the intake pipe 38 and draws in fluid on each pressure stroke, which fluid is transferred to the pump space 27 on the suction stroke. The pump delivers through chamber 32 and passage 34 to the coupling.
Patent GB-621095-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in double ottomans
IPC: A47C17/32
Filed: 1947-02-06
Abstract: 621,095. Convertable beds. NORDBY, B. Feb. 6, 1947, No. 3565. [Class 52 (ii)] A double ottoman in which the upper ottoman is connected to the lower by a parallel motion linkage so that the surfaces of the two ottomans may be brought to the same height has the upper ottoman longer at both ends than the lower and formed with four legs so it may be disengaged and used separately. The device comprises a lower ottoman 1 connected to a longer upper ottoman 2 by carrying arms 3, 4 pivoted to the ottoman at 5, 6, 7, 8. The lower ottoman 1 has scissor arms 12, 13 the arm 13 having a pivot pin 16 sliding in a horizontal slot 17 in the ottoman 1. A strong spring is connected between the pin 16 and pivot pin 7. A connecting member 18 is arranged between the carrying arm 4 and the pin 16. The upper ottoman 2 has individual legs 23 so when the connections 5, 8 are disengaged the ottoman may be used separately. The carrying arm 4 can be flexed to disengage its pivot pin 8 from the ottoman 2 and when the arm swings down it will lock the scissor arms in'the lifted position. The end of the arm 3 gripping the pivot pin 5 is fork-shaped and normally held in position by a spring 24 which may be bent out to release the arm 3. In a modification the ends of both arms 3 are connected by a transverse bar with end pivots 30a which project through slots 25 in elements 27 welded to the lower ottoman 1. The arm is held in position by a blade spring 29. A blade spring 31 connected between the frame 1 and the lower end of the scissor arm 12 assists in lifting the lower ottoman.