Patent GB-1275381-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus and process for producing freeze dried products
Inventor: RADER EARL LESLIE
IPC: A23L2/14
Filed: 1970-02-13
Abstract: 1275381 Freeze drying; refrigerating E L RADER 13 Feb 1970 [24 Feb 1969] 6948/70 Headings F4G and F4H Liquid (e.g. coffee, tea, fruit juices &c.) is sprayed by a pump 16 into a refrigerated spray chamber 24 (which is under vacuum) to form frozen droplets which fall on to a conveyer belt 53 and are transported via a restricted passageway 20 into a sublimation chamber 22 (also under vacuum) containing transverse heaters 63, as also described in Specifications 1,275,382 and 1,275,383. The moist gases are drawn from the sublimation chamber 22 through a pipe 68, one or the other of two moisture removing chambers 72 and 79, and a common header 76 connected to a vacuum pump 67. Each chamber 72 and 79 (Fig. 5) comprises a tapering structure 82 through which cold refrigerant is passed when the moist gases are being drawn through the chamber (so as to form a block of ice on the structure 82) and through which hot refrigerant is passed when the moist gases are being drawn through the other chamber (so as to free the block of ice from the structure 82), each chamber 72 and 79 having an electrically-operable sealed door 84 for the discharge of blocks of ice. Electrical vent valves 116<SP>1</SP> and 119<SP>1</SP> are provided to release the vacuum in the chambers 72 and 79 so that the doors 84 can be opened. The structure 82 has two series of interleaving baffles on the inner surfaces of its walls 85 and 86 to provide a circuitous path for the refrigerant. Cold refrigerant is supplied from the cooling circuit of the spray chamber 24 by an electric pump 100 to an electrically-operated three-way valve 101 which passes refrigerant either through a line 102 leading to the chamber 79 or through a line 103 leading to the chamber 72. The chambers 72 and 79 discharge cold refrigerant through lines 104 or 105 to a three-way valve 106 connected to a discharge line 107. Hot refrigerant is supplied from a heater 108 by a pump 109 to a line 110 containing a solenoid valve 111 and leading to a three-way valve 112 which passes hot refrigerant either through the line 104 to the chamber 72 or through the line 105 to the chamber 79. The chambers 72 and 79 discharge hot refrigerant through the lines 102 or 103 to a three-way valve 113 connected to a return line 114. Valves 70, 77, and 74, 80 controlled by electric motors determine which chamber 72 or 79 is supplied with moist gases. An electric timer motor 116 has a series of camactuated switches 117 for controlling the valves and pumps. The spray chamber 24 is formed of stainless steel, and comprises a spiral passage 37 for refrigerant liquid (e.g. diethylene glycol) entering at 39 and discharging to line 40. Pump 41 forces refrigerant from the line 40 through a heat exchanger 43, in which it is cooled by a fluid cooled by a refrigerating system 45 controlled thermostatically by a probe 47, to a line 44. The injection pump 16 sprays liquid through a nozzle 48 in a conical pattern 49 at an adjustable pressure, but may produce a pulsating pressure to give regular variation of the flare of the pattern. Knobs 50 and 51 vary the frequency of pulsations, and overall quantity of liquid. Pressure within the chambers 24 and 22 is maintained at no more than 225 microns of mercury, preferably about 175 microns of mercury. Temperature within the spray chamber 24 is at least as low as - 30 F., preferably between -40 and -50 F. The conveyer belt 53 is formed of nylon which is substantially transparent to infra-red radiation, and is vibrated by a grid 58 of longitudinal stainless steel rods. The heaters 63 comprise quartz-tube infra-red filament lamps, and individually are adjustable in temperature. Discharge valve 120 is formed of magnetic material and is normally in the open position in which dried product falls hrough an outlet 14 into a receptacle 13 under vacuum. The receptacle 13 is held in position by a screw 128 carried by a pivoted bail 129. An electromagnet 127 is energized to raise the valve 120 against a seat 125 when the receptacle 13 is to be removed and emptied. Nitrogen is admitted into receptacle 13 from a tank 130 via valves 131 and 132, and the receptacle 13 is replaced by another. The vacuum pump 67 places the empty receptacle 13 under vacuum via valves 132 and 133.