baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent JP-2011115248-A (JP)
Title: Mounting type motion support device
Inventor: IWATSUKI TAKASHI
IPC: A61F2/50
Filed: 2009-12-01
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a mounting type motion support device capable of setting a three-joint region to a natural bent posture in spite of a simple constitution, not applying load to the bone joint of a wearer, small in size, improved in wearing properties and capable of enhancing reliability.  <P>SOLUTION: A simple joint drive part includes the joint shaft support part fixed to a base part to support a simple joint shaft, the drive arm part rotatable centering around the joint shaft and the mounting part attached to the drive arm part and mounted on the three-joint region. The mounting part is mounted to the leading end joint of the three-joint region and the position of the joint shaft is set so that two joints of the three-joint region are bent when the drive arm part is present at a target arrival position, and the distance from the mounting part to the joint part is set so as to be equal when the drive arm part is present at the target arrival position and an operation start position.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2011115310-A (JP)
Title: Si ALLOY MATERIAL FOR HEALTH HEATER AND HEALTH HEATER
Inventor: SATO KIYOSHI
IPC: A61N5/06
Filed: 2009-12-02
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a Si alloy material for health heaters and a small-size health heater being installable in a narrow room, reducing equipment expenses and operating cost, being easily carried and capable of highly efficiently heating a required site of a body.  <P>SOLUTION: This health heater 1 is formed by laying Si alloy materials 3, which are composed of 94.00-99.99 mass% of Si and the rest unavoidable impurities and have electric resistivity of 0.01 Ω-CM or less, between a fabric layer 2 formed by supporting ceramic powder and/or Si alloy material powder to a fabric, and a planar heating body 4; and emits minuscule amounts of radiation or far-infrared ray by heating the Si alloy materials 3.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2011117699-A (JP)
Title: Heat exchanger
Inventor: TAKAGI MOTOYUKI
IPC: F28F9/02
Filed: 2009-12-07
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a heat exchanger which allows a connecting device therefor to be installed nearby.  <P>SOLUTION: An evaporator is equipped with: a refrigerant taking-in/out member 5 having stacked first plate 21 and second plate 22; and an expansion valve mounting member 6 having refrigerant passages 6a, 6b opened at both ends. An inflow passage 24 and an outflow passage 25 are formed between both plates 21, 22 of the refrigerant taking-in/out member 5 by expanding both plates 21, 22 outward. Fitting projecting sections 46, 47 fitted to end openings of the inflow passage 24 and the outflow passage 25 of the refrigerant taking-in/out member 5, are respectively disposed around one end opening of each of the refrigerant passages 6a, 6b of the expansion valve mounting member 6. Engagement projecting sections 44, 45 and engagement recessed sections 48, 49 fitted to each other, are formed between faces facing the inside of the inflow passage 24 and the outflow passage 25 of both plates 21, 22 of the refrigerant taking-in/out member 5, and outer peripheral faces of the fitting projecting sections 46, 47 of the expansion valve mounting member 6.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2011122319-A (JP)
Title: Soil improving device and soil improving machine
Inventor: KATAGIRI KINJI
IPC: E02D3/12
Filed: 2009-12-09
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a soil improving device and a soil improving machine capable of achieving the equalized strength being an objective of improvement efficiently and economically, being applicable to soil having various soil characters, and having versatility.  <P>SOLUTION: This soil improving device 1 includes a portal blade mounting member 3 provided at a tip of an arm part (f) of the soil improving machine 2, a shaft part 6 stretched between right and left side walls 4 and 5 of the blade mounting member 3, and a plurality of blades 7 attached to the shaft part 6. The shaft part 6 and the blades 7 are rotated by using a hydraulic motor 8 as a power source, the soil to be improved is excavated, and the excavated soil and a solidifier are mixed while stirring to improve the soil. Each of the blades 7 has an inclined face inclined for a vertical face being vertical for an axial line 6' of the shaft part 6 by only a predetermined angle θ, which is larger than 0° and smaller than 30°.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2011122024-A (JP)
Title: Rubber composition for tread, and pneumatic tire
Inventor: IIZUKA TORU
IPC: C08K3/36
Filed: 2009-12-09
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rubber composition for a tread from which rolling resistance characteristics, maneuvering stability, wet skid performance and wear resistance can be obtained with a good balance, and to provide a pneumatic tire having a tread produced by using the rubber composition.  <P>SOLUTION: The rubber composition for a tread contains a rubber component containing a butadiene rubber modified by a compound expressed by formula (1):R<SP>1</SP>R<SP>2</SP>R<SP>3</SP>Si-(CH<SB>2</SB>)<SB>n</SB>-NR<SP>4</SP>R<SP>5</SP>and a butadiene rubber synthesized by using a rare earth element catalyst, and silica, wherein the content of silica is 10 to 150 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. In the formula, R<SP>1</SP>, R<SP>2</SP>, R<SP>3</SP>may be the same or different from one another, representing an alkyl group, alkoxy group, silyloxy group, acetal group, carboxyl group, mercapto group or a derivative thereof; R<SP>4</SP>and R<SP>5</SP>may be the same or different from each other, and represents a hydrogen atom, alkyl group or cyclic ether group, and n represents an integer.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2011123606-A (JP)
Title: Track ball with proximity sensor, proximity sensor for track ball and antenna for the same
Inventor: NODA TOSHIYUKI
IPC: G06F3/0354
Filed: 2009-12-09
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a track ball with a proximity sensor and a proximity sensor for a track ball which can effectively prevent the malfunction or incorrect operation of a track ball without damaging operability.  <P>SOLUTION: A track ball 10 with a proximity sensor includes: a proximity sensor 1 for detecting the entry of an operator body H to a range preset in the circumference of a ball B or the contact of the operator body H with the ball B; and a position instruction information conversion part 5 for performing the conversion processing of moving amounts accompanied by the rotation of the ball B into position instruction information only based on a signal detected by the proximity sensor 1. The proximity sensor 1 is configured of a plate-shaped antenna 2 in which the occurrence of the change of an electrostatic capacity due to the entry or contact of the body H is possible; and an arithmetic processing part 3 for processing the signal which generates in the antenna 2.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2011120710-A (JP)
Title: Absorbent article
Inventor: AKIYAMA IKUO
IPC: A61F13/49
Filed: 2009-12-10
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To maintain a high absorption performance for a plurality times of excretions in an absorbent article.  <P>SOLUTION: In the absorbing portion of the absorbent article 1, a high absorbency material 2222 arranged between sheets 2221 and 2223 in the absorbent area of an absorbing sheet 222 absorbs the moisture of excretions to be swollen, while spaces 2228 extending in the longitudinal direction from openings formed in the crotch portion of an upper side absorbing layer 221 are formed between an unabsorbent area 2227, where the high absorbency material 2222 does not exists, and the upper side absorbing layer 221, and between the unabsorbent area 2227 and a lower side absorbing layer 223, respectively. The absorbent article 1 can quickly and widely disperse the moisture of the second and following excretions in the longitudinal direction of the absorbing portion through the spaces 2228, and can absorb the moisture of the excretions in the wide range of the absorbing portion. As a result, the absorbent article 1 is permitted to maintain the high absorption performance for the plurality times of excretions.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2011123645-A (JP)
Title: High speed solution method of stationary field, high speed analysis program for the stationary field, and recording medium
Inventor: MIYATA KENJI
IPC: G06F17/50
Filed: 2009-12-10
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for finding out a stationary field at high speed from transient analysis of a phenomenon including a temporal differentiation term.  <P>SOLUTION: In the high-speed analysis method of a stationary field, an arithmetic unit performs arithmetic operation processing in a plurality of time steps and perform the transient analysis based on an equation including the temporal differentiation term to find out the physical quantity of an analysis object. The method includes the following processes. Namely, the method includes: a process in which the arithmetic unit reads input data in which a time average width for performing time average processing related to the physical quantity, the phase width of a basic wave corresponding to the time average width or a time step width for time average processing is described, and discrete data of the analysis object; a process in which the arithmetic unit finds out the time average quantity of the physical quantity by using the time average width, the phase width of the basic wave or the time step width; and a process in which the arithmetic unit finds out the stationary field of the physical quantity by applying correction to the physical quantity using the time average quantity.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2011124375-A (JP)
Title: Thermoelectric device and thermoelectric module
Inventor: UKITA YASUNARI
IPC: H01L35/32
Filed: 2009-12-10
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a thermoelectric device, along with a thermoelectric module, capable of facilitating positioning and appropriate electrical connection.  <P>SOLUTION: The thermoelectric device 10 is provided with thermoelectric elements 11, 12 configured including a material with a thermoelectric effect, and an electrode 13 arranged at the ends of the thermoelectric elements 11, 12. The electrode 13 includes an electrode member 15, a soaking member 16 which has conductivity resides between the electrode member 15 and the thermoelectric elements 11, 12, and includes an opposite part 21 opposite to the thermoelectric elements 11, 12, and a fold-back part 22 formed by being folded back from the peripheral edge of the opposite part 21 to the side opposite to the thermoelectric elements 11, 12, and an elastic member 17 arranged on the side opposite to the thermoelectric elements 11, 12 of the opposite part 21 such that at least part of the peripheral edge is clamped between the opposite part 21 and the fold-back part 22 of the soaking member 16.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2011124813-A (JP)
Title: Broadcast video-recording device
Inventor: NAKAGAWA YOSHIO
IPC: G11B27/00
Filed: 2009-12-11
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a broadcast video-recording device which reduces the stress of a waiting time during activation by selecting a channel which a user may desire during the activation.  <P>SOLUTION: In a HDD integrated optical disk device (broadcast video-recording device) 10 which receives and records television broadcast, a channel determined based on the current day of the week, a current time and a recording history is selected during the activation of the device 10.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2010163425-A (JP)
Title: Medicinal composition containing phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor and pantethine
Inventor: TORIZUMI YASUHIRO
IPC: A61K31/53
Filed: 2009-12-16
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To find and provide a medicinal composition which is safe and has a reinforced action for penis-erection.  <P>SOLUTION: The medicinal composition contains a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor and pantethine.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2011125573-A (JP)
Title: Game medium management system and vending device between game machines
Inventor: KANAME YUKI
IPC: A63F7/02
Filed: 2009-12-18
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent forgetting of taking a card with which a prepaid value is associated when an operation for associating an own ball value counted by a counting part with a portable terminal possessed by a game customer is performed.  <P>SOLUTION: A vending device between game machines is constituted so that a storage part stores the prepaid value, the counting part counts game media which the game customer acquires at a game machine corresponding to a self-device, a return processing part returns the card with which the prepaid value is associated if there is balance in the prepaid value stored in the storage part when an operation for associating the own ball value including the number of game media counted by the counting part with the portable terminal is accepted.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2011130391-A (JP)
Title: Signature device, signature method, and signature program
Inventor: YOSHIOKA KOJI
IPC: G06F21/64
Filed: 2009-12-21
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable a third party to certify that a still image has not been falsified at one part of video data by cutting out the still image that can be pictured normally from compressed video data.  <P>SOLUTION: A signature device decodes information in units of frames by a video decoder 702 when original video information 1101 being compressed video data is input, and converts a forecast frame that is independent and is impossible of regeneration by a converter 704. The signature device encodes an independent and regeneratable frame and a converted frame by a still image encoder 705, and generates digest information by a digest information generator 706, and makes a digital signature by a digital signature generator 708. The signature device stores the original video information 1101, the generated digital signature, and the digest information in a storage 709.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2010099487-A (JP)
Title: Game machine
Inventor: ICHIHARA TAKAAKI
IPC: A63F7/02
Filed: 2009-12-21
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable a player to play with the expectation of a privilege not only for a foreground symbol but also for a background symbol.  <P>SOLUTION: The game machine such as a Pachinko machine is provided with: a game control part 2 for outputting a display command for commanding required display when a required condition is established and supplying the privilege to the player; and a display control part 4 capable of receiving the output display command and displaying the foreground symbol and the background symbol on a display part 6, etc. A normal symbol 6a is displayed for the foreground symbol and a special symbol 6b is displayed for the background symbol, on the display part 6. In the figure, though the fluctuating normal symbol 6a is stopped at a losing symbol, since the special symbol 6b is stopped at a jackpot symbol, "large winning" is achieved and the game control part 2 starts a large winning game. The player is supplied with a first privilege by the normal symbol 6a as the foreground symbol and is supplied with a second privilege by the special symbol 6b as the background symbol. Thus, the player plays with the expectation of the privilege for both the foreground symbol and the background symbol.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2011135287-A (JP)
Title: Current clamp circuit
Inventor: KAJIWARA DAISUKE
IPC: H03G11/02
Filed: 2009-12-24
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a current clamp circuit capable of eliminating an error of clamp current when a current clamp functions.  <P>SOLUTION: The current clamp circuit which has a first buffer for supplying current to a load and a diode circuit between the load and an input terminal of the first buffer, and turns on the diode circuit during overcurrent to restrict output current, includes a second buffer which is connected between the diode circuit and the load to absorb forward current caused to flow to the diode circuit.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2011130909-A (JP)
Title: Puzzle toy
Inventor: SAKAGAMI MASANOBU
IPC: A63F9/26
Filed: 2009-12-24
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new puzzle toy which can be repeatedly enjoyed without getting tired by being composed so that it may have two or more solutions and be solved by mathematical thinking and trial and error.  <P>SOLUTION: The puzzle toy 1 includes: a mounting board 2; a base 3, which is arranged on the center line of the mounting board 2 and supports the mounting board 2 from below in a way able to rock; and a weight 7 which chooses four or more places as choice places from among two or more mounting points 4 established on the mounting surface 2a of the mounting board 2 with the mounting point 4 established in a point symmetrical position with the center on the mounting surface 2a as a reference point, wherein weights 7 of different weights are respectively mounted on the choice parts. When the combination of the choice part and the weight 7 is in agreement with the solution, the mounting surface 2a becomes level in general; and when the combination of the choice part and the weight 7 is not in agreement with the solution, the mounting surface 2a inclines.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2011134615-A (JP)
Title: Cooling structure of battery pack
Inventor: KAMATA TORU
IPC: H01M2/10
Filed: 2009-12-24
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cooling structure of a battery pack capable of achieving uniformization of temperatures of respective batteries housed in a battery case.  <P>SOLUTION: A wind-blasting channel 100 is provided with a main air conduit 101 prepared along a long-side direction of the battery case 50 at a center part in a short-side direction of the battery case 50 with one end side connected to a cooling unit 60, and cooling wind supplied from the cooling unit 60 to the air conduit 100 is to flow out from the other end of the main air conduit 101, circulate in an up-and-down direction inside a battery case 50, and return to the cooling unit 60. Further, the air conduit 100 includes a plurality of sub air conduits 102 prepared along a direction crossing the main air conduit 101 connected at a given interval to the main air conduit 101, and the cooling wind is to flow downward, not only from the other end of the main air conduit 101 but also from each sub air conduit 102.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2011131004-A (JP)
Title: Game machine
Inventor: ICHIHARA TAKAAKI
IPC: A63F7/02
Filed: 2009-12-25
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a ready-to-win state performance for suppressing the decline of player's desire to play.  <P>SOLUTION: A Pachinko game machine 1 includes first and second start ports 2001, 2002, a main control board 4100, a peripheral control board 4140, and a liquid crystal display device 1400 having a first display panel 1400a and a second display panel 1400b disposed at a predetermined interval on the back side, in the view from the player, of the first display panel 1400a. The peripheral control MPU 4140a of the peripheral control board 4140 as display control means of the Pachinko game machine 1 achieves various performance display using display on the first display panel 1400a and display on the second display panel 1400b.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2011135918-A (JP)
Title: Container which is used where water is circulated
Inventor: DEJIMA SATOSHI
IPC: A47G21/00
Filed: 2009-12-25
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a container which is used where water is circulated, can discharge water drops outside and can be easily cleaned.  <P>SOLUTION: The container which is used where water is circulated is provided with an outer frame which comprises wire, a bottom plate which is connected with the outer frame and a tubular side wall part which is inserted into the outer frame. The tubular side wall part can be attached and detached.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2011136114-A (JP)
Title: Umbrella with hand umbrella bag storage container
Inventor: HAJIMA DAIKI
IPC: A45B25/24
Filed: 2009-12-25
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an umbrella with a hand umbrella bag storage container which prevents the loss of an umbrella bag, makes it possible to carry the umbrella by hand without wetting garments and a floor with the rainwater of the wet umbrella, enables the umbrella to be simply contained in the umbrella bag, and facilitates the discharge of the rainwater, which collects within the umbrella bag.  <P>SOLUTION: The umbrella with the hand umbrella bag storage container is characterized in that the grip handle of the umbrella is a hollow container with an opening and closing port, and in that the umbrella bag, which has a hand holding handle and a lid, is connected by the umbrella and a strap to keep the umbrella bag containable within the container.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2009533450-A (JP)
Title: 縮合環トロンビンレセプターアンタゴニスト
IPC: A61P17/00
Filed: 2007-04-11
Abstract: 式（Ｉ）の縮合環、複素環−置換三環系、または薬学的に受容可能な前記化合物の塩または溶媒和物、異性体またはラセミ混合物が開示されており、ここで、（ＩＩ）は任意の二重結合を表し、Ａ ｎ 、Ｅ ｎ 、Ｍ ｎ 、Ｇ ｎ 、Ｊ ｎ 、Ｒ ３ 、ｎ ７ 、Ｒ ８ 、Ｒ ９ 、Ｒ １０ 、Ｒ １１ 、Ｒ ３２ 、Ｒ ３３ 、Ｘ、Ｙ、ＢおよびＨｅｔは本願に定義されており、残りの置換基は本明細書に定義したとおりであり、加えてこれらを含む医薬組成物、および上述の化合物を投与することによる、血栓症、アテローム性動脈硬化症、再狭窄、高血圧症、狭心症、不整脈、心不全および癌に関連する疾患の処置方法が開示されている。他の心血管剤との組合せ療法もまた特許請求されている。
Patent JP-2009536543-A (JP)
Title: 非造影剤の画像データを使用した手術中の３次元画像を生成するシステム及び方法
IPC: A61B5/055
Filed: 2007-05-02
Abstract: 手術中の３次元画像データを発声する方法は、関心のある領域のベースラインの３次元画像データを取得するプロセスを含む。前記領域の非造影剤の３次元画像データ、前記領域の手術中の２次元画像データも取得される。手術中の２次元画像データ及びベースラインの３次元画像データは、非造影剤の３次元画像データにそれぞれアライメントされ、これにより手術中の３次元画像データの正確なレンダリングは、ベースライン３Ｄ及び手術中の２Ｄ画像データの両者の非造影剤の３Ｄ画像データへのアライメントから得られる。
Patent JP-2009539290-A (JP)
Title: 局側の光回線終端装置（ｏｌｔ）および加入者側の光回線終端装置（ｏｎｕ）
IPC: H04L12/44
Filed: 2007-05-30
Abstract: 本発明は、イーサネットを基礎とするＰＯＮ（パッシブ・オプティカル・ネットワーク）を構成する加入者側の光回線終端装置（ＯＮＵ）に関し、この加入者側の光回線終端装置は光トランシーバモジュールと、前記光トランシーバモジュールに供給される電力をオンオフする電力スイッチと、ｒｅｇｉｓｔｅｒ＿ｒｅｑｕｅｓｔメッセージの受信後にＯＬＴから受信したｒｅｇｉｓｔｅｒメッセージに依存して前記電力スイッチを制御することにより前記光トランシーバモジュールの送信側への電力を遮断するよう構成されているコントローラとを有する。
Patent JP-2009543425-A (JP)
Title: プリアンブル構造を有する圧縮されていないビデオの無線通信のためのシステム及び方法。
IPC: H04J11/00
Filed: 2007-06-28
Abstract: 圧縮されていないビデオ情報を無線チャンネルを通じて送信機から受信機に伝送する方法及びシステムが説明される。圧縮されていないビデオ情報ビットは、受信機から提供され、ビデオ情報ビットは、一つまたはそれ以上のパケットにパケット化される。それぞれのパケット内のデータに先行するプリアンブルが提供され、プリアンブルは、ショートトレーニングシーケンスのセット及びロングトレーニングシーケンスのセットを含む。複数のパケットは、無線チャンネルを通じて送信機から受信機に伝送される。一実施例で、ショートトレーニングシーケンスのセットは、７個のショートトレーニングシーケンスを含み、ロングトレーニングシーケンスのセットは、２個のロングトレーニングシーケンスを含み、プリアンブルのトータル長は、５個のＯＦＤＭ（Ｏｒｔｈｏｇｏｎａｌ  Ｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙ  Ｄｉｖｉｓｉｏｎ  Ｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅｘｉｎｇ）シンボルの長さである。
Patent JP-2009545837-A (JP)
IPC: G11C13/00
Filed: 2007-07-31
Abstract: Circuits and methods are described for decoding exemplary memory arrays of programmable and, in some embodiments, re-writable passive element memory cells, which are particularly useful for extremely dense three-dimensional memory arrays having more than one memory plane. In addition, circuits and methods are described for selecting one or more array blocks of such a memory array, for selecting one or more word lines and bit lines within selected array blocks, for conveying data information to and from selected memory cells within selected array blocks, and for conveying unselected bias conditions to unselected array blocks.
Patent JP-2010501030-A (JP)
Title: 共役ポリマー、それの調製方法及びその使用
IPC: H01L51/50
Filed: 2007-07-18
Abstract: 本発明は、ジヒドロフェナントレン構造単位を含む共役ポリマー及びデンドリマー、その調製方法、それの電子素子、特にポリマー有機発光ダイオードでの使用、それの調製のためのモノマー及びこの型のポリマー及びデンドリマーを含む素子と発光ダイオードに関する。 【選択図】なし。
Patent JP-2010503294-A (JP)
IPC: H03L7/113
Filed: 2007-09-13
Abstract: In a structure having a fractional-N synthesizer driven by a voltage controlled oscillator, frequency accuracy is maintained by first using the fractional-N synthesizer to correct large frequency errors and then slowly transferring correction from the fractional-N synthesizer to the voltage controlled oscillator a little at a time.