Patent GB-791767-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in pigmented compositions and coloring of textiles
IPC: D06P1/44
Filed: 1955-06-16
Abstract: Textile materials, e.g. those made from natural and artificial protein and cellulosic fibres, polyamide and polyester fibres and vinyl polymer fibres, are pigment-dyed by applying thereto a composition comprising a suspension of pigment in an aqueous medium having a pH of 8-9.8 containing a water-soluble nonionic polyethoxyethanol emulsifier and a waterinsoluble copolymer of (a) 0.5 to 5 per cent of an alpha, beta-unsaturated monovinylidene carboxylic acid, e.g. acrylic, methacrylic or itaconic acid; (b) at least one neutral ester which has a monovinylidene group attached to the functional group and which by itself forms soft homopolymers, e.g. a C1-C8 primary or secondary alkyl acrylate, a C2-C8 alkoxyalkyl acrylate, a C5-C8 primary or secondary alkyl methacrylate or a C4-C8 alkoxyalkyl methacrylate, and (c) at least one neutral monovinylidene ester which by itself forms hard homopolymers, e.g. cyclohexyl acrylate or methacrylate, a C1-C4 alkyl methacrylate, tert.-amyl acrylate or methacrylate or tert.-butyl acrylate, the ratio of (b) to (c) being between 9 : 1 and 1 : 20 and being sufficient to permit forming an adhesive and cohesive film of the copolymer formed therefrom at an application temperature of 35 DEG  C. or less. Pigments specified are carbon black, iron oxides, chrome yellow, titanium dioxide, lithopone, ultramarine, cadmium red and yellow, Hansa yellows, phthalocyanine green and blue, toluidene red, aligarine red, barium lithol, pigment green B and metal powders such as those of bronze, aluminium, brass, chromium and gold; extenders may be used with the pigments such as clay silica, mica, talc, barium sulphate and calcium carbonate or silicate.  Also specified as optional additions to the dispersions are thickeners, dispersing agents, sequestering agents, defoaming agents, humectants, bactericides, fungicides and other resinous materials.  After application to the textile materials the dispersions are dried, e.g. by heating at 240 DEG  F.ALSO:Abrasion-resistant films are cast on to sandblasted glass plates, cardboard, wood, asbestos-cement sheets, metals, leather or plastics by applying thereto a synthetic resin dispersion and then drying, the dispersion comprising a suspension of a pigment in an aqueous medium having a pH of between 8 and 9.8 containing a water - soluble non - ionic polyethoxyethanol emulsifier and a water-insoluble copolymer of (a) 0.5 to 5 per cent of an alpha, beta-unsaturated monovinylidene carboxylic acid, e.g. acrylic, methacrylic and itaconic acids, (b) at least one neutral ester which has a monovinylidene group attached to the functional group and which by itself forms soft homopolymers, e.g. C1-C8 primary or secondary alkyl acrylates, C2-C8 alkoxyalkyl acrylates, C5-C8 primary or secondary alkyl methacrylates and C4-C8 alkoxyalkyl methacrylates, and (c) at least one neutral monovinylidene ester which by itself forms hard homopolymers, e.g. cyclohexyl acrylate and methacrylate, C1-C4 alkyl methacrylates, tert.-amyl acrylate and methacrylate and tert.-butyl acrylate, the ratio of (b) to (c) being between 9 : 1 and 1 : 20 and being sufficient to permit forming an adhesive and cohesive film of the copolymer formed therefrom at an application temperature of 35 DEG  C. or less.ALSO:A composition comprises a suspension of a pigment in an aqueous medium having a pH of between 8 and 9.8 containing a water-soluble non-ionic polyethoxy ethanol emulsifier and a water-insoluble copolymer of (a) 0.5 to 5 per cent of an alpha, beta-unsaturated monovinylidene carboxylic acid, e.g. acrylic, methacrylic and itaconic acids; (b) at least one neutral ester which has a monovinylidene group attached to the functional group and which by itself forms soft homopolymers, e.g. C1-C8 primary or secondary alkyl acrylates, C2-C8 alkoxyalkyl acrylates, C5-C8 primary or secondary alkyl methacrylates and C4-C8 alkoxyalkyl methacrylates; and (c) at least one neutral monovinylidene ester which by itself forms hard homopolymers, e.g. cyclohexyl acrylate and methacrylate, C1-C4 alkyl methacrylates, tert.-amyl acrylate and methacrylate and tert.-butyl acrylate, the ratio of (b) to (c) being between 9 : 1 and 1 : 20 and being sufficient to permit forming an adhesive and cohesive film of the copolymer formed therefrom at an application temperature of 35 DEG  C. or less. Non-ionic emulsifiers specified are alkylphenoxypolyethoxy ethanols having C-C712 alkyl groups, agents made by condensing ethylene oxide with nonyl, dodecyl and tetradecyl mecaptans or C6-C15 alkyl, thiophenols, ethylene oxide condensates with lauric, myristic, palmitic, oleic and talc oil acids, and octyl, decyl, lauryl and cetyl alcohols.  Pigments specified are carbon black, iron oxides, chrome yellow, titanium dioxide, lithopone, azo-pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, insoluble vat dyestuffs, barium lithol, pigment green B, alizarine red, cadmium red and yellow, toluidine red, Hansa yellows, ultramarine and metal powders such as those of aluminium, bronze, brass, chromium and gold; extenders may be used with the pigments such as clay, silica, mica, talc, barium sulphate and calcium carbonate or silicate.  The dispersions may also contain thickeners, e.g. starch, chlorinated starch, starch acetate, ethylene oxide modified starch, dextrins, sodium carboxymethyl and carboxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, gelatin, salts of styrene/maleic acid copolymers and polyacrylic polymethacrylic and alginic acids, water-dispersible polyvinyl acetates, casein, gum arabic and tragacanth; dispersing agents such as formaldehyde-condensed sodium naphthalene sulphonate and partially desulphonated sodium lignin sulphonate; sequestering agents such as complex alkali phosphates and ethylene polyaminoacetates; defoaming agents such as waxes, oils, mineral spirits, an alkylphenoxyethanol, fatty acid amides, phosphate esters or a solution of an amine or amide in an oil; humectants such as gums, ammonium or sodium polyacrylate, glycol laurate and diethylene and propylene glycols; bactericides and/or fungicides such as borax, pentachlorophenols or mercury compounds; and other resinous materials such as alkyd resins and latices of polymers of styrene or of styrene and butadiene.  The alkaline pH of the dispersions is produced by the addition of inorganic or organic bases, e.g. alkali hydroxides, ammonia and amines.  The dispersions may be used as printing inks or may be applied to textiles in a pigment-dyeing operation.