baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1294772-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to gabions
IPC: E02D29/02
Filed: 1971-04-19
Abstract: 1294772 Making gabions OFFICINE MACCAFERRI SpA 19 April 1971 [10 April 1970] 25275/71 Heading B3A [Also in Division E1] A mattress type gabion having a number of internal compartments is formed solely from a cut and folded wire mesh base sheet and a flat wire mesh lid forming sheet, which is secured to it after the compartments have been filled with a gravel, rock or rubble ballast. To form the compartments the base sheet 2 which has a number of transverse pinched upstanding folds 6 held in place by stitches 11, is folded about lines 15 after perpendicular cuts 13 have been made in the folds 6 to allow this, so forming gabion side wall portions 14 and end walls (not shown) the cut portions 16 of the folds 6 are held by stitches 17 adjacent or within the sides of the folds 6 which form intermediate compartment defining partition walls. Alternatively inclined cuts may be made in the folds 6 so forming a slightly modified structure (Fig. 7, not shown). The base sheets 2 having the cut folds 6, and the flat lid forming sheets are transported to the site of use in a flattened, stacked or rolled condition and assembled to form the gabion there. Interconnected gabions form an errosion resistant lining for coasts, waterways or mountains. The wire mesh used is of galvanized iron which may be coated with plastics.
Patent GB-1248096-A (GB)
Title: Controllable high-vacuum thermionic valves
Inventor: RUSTERHOLZ ALEXANDER
IPC: H01J21/18
Filed: 1969-05-19
Abstract: 1,248,096. Thermionic valves. PATEHOLD PATENTVERWERTUNGSUND ELEKTROHOLDING A.G. 19 May, 1969 [21 May, 1968], No. 25405/69. Heading H1D. A high vacuum valve in which the electrodes lie at least approximately on the surfaces of coaxial cylinders, includes a number of thermionic cathodes 9 with respective screening electrodes 29 disposed between each cathode 9 and the adjacent surrounding anode surface 34 and planar control electrodes 8 disposed between each adjacent pair of cathodes, and, in operation, a magnetic field with its lines of force parallel to the valve axis is produced in the vicinity of the electrodes to prevent electrons from striking the control electrodes 8-which are held at a positive bias. The control electrodes 8, as shown, may comprise a series of radial wire loops 7 attached along the length of radial fins 6 extending from a tubular support 4. Cathode filaments 9 are mounted in a frame which consists of plates 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 and spacing rods 15, 16, 17, and are held under tension through springs 23. The screening members 29, connected to support rods 17, are impervious U-shaped members whose open side faces in a direction tangential to the pitch circle of the rods 17. A pervious, common, helically shaped screen grid 30 may surround the electrodes 8, 9, 29. The amplification factor of such an arrangement is relatively high since the cathode is completely screened from the anode but is unobstructed with respect to the positively-biased control electrodes 8. In operation, the intensity of the magnetic field is such that practically no grid current occurs and the approximately cycloidal path of the electrons is shown at A in Fig. 2. In a modification, Fig. 3 (not shown), in which the necessary magnetic field intensity is reduced, the open sides of the screening members 29 are disposed in a direction between 0 and 40 degrees to the pitch circle tangent, with a consequent reduction in the amplification factor. In a further embodiment, Fig. 4 (not shown), the active system has an annular cross-section bounded inside and out by a ring-shaped anode body and electrons from the cathodes are emitted to follow cycloidal paths both inwards and outwards to the anode. The valve may be cooled by water, for example, flowing through the annular gap between the solenoid and the anode.
Patent GB-1396387-A (GB)
Title: Device for regulating the winding tension of guided material  in the form of  a web
IPC: B65H23/195
Filed: 1972-05-31
Abstract: 1396387 Feeding webs TEXMA MASCHINEN GmbH [trading as SUCKER Gebr] 31 May 1972 [5 June 1971] 25501/72 Heading B8R  A device for regulating the tension of a web 2 during winding comprises a tension measuring roller 6 around which the web 2 passes on its way directly to the roll 3, the roller 6 being urged against the web with a force which varies in accordance with the roll diameter. Under normal conditions, the torque exerted on a torsion bar 12 by the web tension, which is transmitted via the roller 6 and a chain 9, is balanced by the torque exerted by cylinder  motors 18, 24, but when a tension build-up occurs, a quadrant 8 on which the roller 6 is mounted, pivots clockwise about point 8<SP>1</SP>, this  movement being transmitted by the chain 9 to the torsion bar 12, thereby adjusting a throttle valve 21 which via a motor 22, bearing 29 and transmission 31, controls a gearing adjusting shaft 45 of the roll drive means thereby reducing the winding speed and the web tension. However, as the roll diameter increases, the force applied to the roller 6 by a given tension in the web alters. To allow for this, the angle subtended at the centre of the roller 6 by that portion of its circumference contacted by the web is monitored by an unspecified electrooptical scanner or by detecting roll diameter or winding speed, and the torque applied by the motor 24 is adjusting accordingly. As described, the angle is monitored by the position of the gearing adjusting shaft 45 which indicates the winding speed, this being dependent upon the roll diameter, and this indicates the angle. Movement of the shaft 45 is transmitted to a perforated program disc 50 which, via a scanner 52 and servomotor 43 moves a slave disc 57 and pivots the cylinder motor 24 thereby adjusting its lever effect on the torsion bar 12. Thus the force required to be applied by the web to the roller 6 to adjust the throttle valve 21 is reduced. The cylinder motor 18 may be omitted. The program disc may be coaxial with other discs having peripheral drive pins, Fig. 2 (not shown), which allow two rotations of the shaft 45 before the program disc is moved. Alternatively, the program discs may be replaced by a cam and lever system, Fig. 4 (not shown).
Patent GB-338592-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture of pointed tubular metal articles
IPC: B21D53/00
Filed: 1929-08-22
Abstract: 338,592. Everett, S. J. Aug. 22, 1929. Pipes; cased forms; surgical appliances. - In making pointed tubular metal articles such as hypodermic syringe 'needles, by swaging, rolling or drawing a tubular billet on a core of metal capable of extreme elongation and retention of tensile strength, such as nickel-silver or brass, as described in Specification 210,156, the cored tube is subjected to one or more heat treatments so as to anneal the core and temper the tube whilst on the core. The core is subsequently removed as described in the prior Specification. In one example, a brass cored tube of an alloy sold commercially under the registered Trade Mark " Nichrome is heated to 620‹ C. for two minutes to anneal the core and temper the tube. In another example, as applied to carbon or stainless steels and particularly to austenitic steels known as Firth's Staybrite steel, having from 17 to 12 per cent of nickel and 8 to 12 per cent of chromium, the cored tube is hardened by drawing, and then heated to 600‹ C. to anneal the core and temper the tube. A core may be chosen having a greater expansion by heat than the tube so as to facilitate separation when cooled and so as to promote the soldering or welding of the lining in the case of a lined tube. Thus a tube of high carbon or stainless steel or of an alloy which work hardens but does not soften by heating below 750‹ C. and preferably one containing nickel iron, chromium, molybdenum and tungsten and known as " Contracid," may be heated on a core of nickel-silver or brass to from 600- 720‹ C. to anneal the core and temper the tube. When heat. treating cored steel tubes containing a lining of incorrodible metal as described in the prior Specification, a cored carbon steel tube may be heated to 950‹ C. for annealing the core and soldering or welding the lining to the tube. The cored tube is then reheated to 780‹ C. and quenched to harden the tube, and then again heated to 300‹ C. to temper the tube. With tubes of steel sold commercially under the registered Trade Mark " F. H. Steel " the cored tube is heated to between 850 and 1050‹ C. for annealing the core and uniting the lining. It may then be quenched and then reheated to between 150 and 250‹ C. to temper the tube. Instead of quenching and then reheating, the cored tube may be cooled to 900‹ C. and then water quenched, or to 950‹ C. and oil quenched, or to 1000‹ C. and air cooled. After the heat treatment the interior may be polished, the points of the needles formed on the tube lengths by grinding, any necessary screw thread cut, and the tube plated with nickel &c. before removal from the core. According to the Provisional Specification, a tube consisting of " Nichrome " on a brass core may be heated to 600‹ C. for ten minutes.
Patent GB-263568-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in electrical wiring systems
IPC: H02B1/00
Filed: 1925-10-14
Abstract: 263,568. Shaw, W., and Heptonstall, G. Oct. 14, 1925. Distribution panels.-In order to avoid complicated external interconnections between the switch-boxes 9, meters, fuse-boxes 19, 23, &c. adjacent the lead-in of the supply cables of a large installation, the units are all assembled together with conduit or bus-bar boxes 4, 10, 20 between them. Holes in the cases of the various units register with holes in the conduit-boxes so that direct interconnection by way of the conduit-boxes is provided and complicated pipe interconnections are avoided. The conduit-boxes are of three-sided rectangular form and have a projecting edge of the upper side bent over at 7 and the lower edge of the detachable cover 5 bent outwards at 8 to direct water away from the casings.
Patent GB-873733-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to magnetic steel
IPC: C21D8/12
Filed: 1959-07-27
Abstract: 873,733. Heat treating iron alloys; modifying metallic surfaces. WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION. July 27, 1959 [Aug. 1, 1958], No. 25632/59. Classes 72 and 82(2) A process of improving the flatness and magnetic properties of a sheet of iron alloy comprises heating the sheet to 700C. to 850C., hot roller levelling the sheet at the same temperature to impart a small stretching to the sheet, soaking at 770C. to 850 C. to remove stress, applying a longitudinal tension of from 100 to 1000 p.s.i., and cooling the sheet to a temperature not higher than 300C. without subjecting the sheet to any other stresses. As shown, a sheet 12 may be split into strips, passed between rollers 22, 24 where a coating of phosphoric acid with or without suspended magnesia is applied, passed into a furnace 40 where it is heated to 700C. to 850C. through second furnace 44 at the same temperature where it is levelled by rollers 48, 50 and at the same time has a small stretch imparted to it, into a third furnace 60 where it is soaked at 770-850C. for 5 seconds to 10 minutes and finally through a cooling zone 66 where it is cooled to a temperature not more than 300C. The phosphoric acid solution may consist of 20% to 50% phosphoric acid to which may be added 12 to 120 grams of magnesia per litre. An elongation of 0.1% to 2.0% may be imparted to the sheet during levelling and the sheet may be freely suspended in a catenary between the final roll of the leveller and a roll 70 mounted outside the cooling zone.
Patent GB-737395-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to tools for tightening and removing ferrules
Inventor: WILKINSON SAMUEL CLIFFORD WALT
IPC: B25B27/00
Filed: 1952-10-14
Abstract: 737,395. Extracting and inserting ferrules in tubes. CRANE PACKING, Ltd. Oct. 1, 1953 [Oct. 14, 1952], No. 25714/52. Class 61. A tool for tightening and removing ferrules of the kind used in heat exchangers comprises a rod-like shank 1 having at one end a guide pin 2 to fit loosely in the tube 3 with which the ferrule is associated, a tapered serrated plug 4 behind the guide pin to engage wedgingly the flared mouth of the ferrule and a screwed sleeve 6 carried on a threaded part of the shank to limit the depth of penetration of the plug into the ferrule. In use the plug is driven into the ferrule by light hammer blows on the end face 10 of the shank, the tool being then rotated to unscrew the ferrule. The sleeve 6 is advanced to eject the ferrule from the tool. To replace a ferrule the tool is rotated until the grip of the serrated plug on the ferrule is overcome, the marks made in the mouth of the ferrule by driving in the plug being cut away by the tool.
Patent GB-876103-A (GB)
Title: An improved plate warmer
IPC: A47J39/02
Filed: 1959-07-27
Abstract: 876,103. Plate warmers. WEHRLI, H. July 27, 1959 [July 30, 1958], No. 25762/59. Class 128. A plate warmer comprises two casings 1 and 2, which can be moved apart. Each casing has an upper plate-supporting and heating surface 15, a base and a source of heat such as a candle accommodated in a holder 3, supported on ribs 13, in a raised collar 12 surrounding a ventilating opening 11 in the base. The casings are connected by two rails 8 passing slidingly through slots in opposed side walls 4. One end of each rail is secured, by a screw 9, to a block 5 secured in each casing. The other end of each rail slides in a slot in a block 6 secured in each casing and carries a stop 10, limiting the distance the casings can be moved apart. This stop is in the form of a spindle, to which a candle-snuffing flap 14 is pivoted, or rigidly secured in a horizontal position. Each base has feet 17 and each surface 15 has recesses 16, which receive the feet of a superimposed plate warmer to facilitate stacking. The source of heat may be an electric heating element and the provision of a holder 3, an opening 11, a collar 12 and ribs 13 is then unnecessary.
Patent GB-221971-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to water closet seats
IPC: A47K13/12
Filed: 1923-10-16
Abstract: 221,971. Shanks, W. Oct. 16, 1923. Disc and like plate hinges; hinges readily separable about hinge pin.-A detachable seat 6 for a water closet is hinged to the back rail 2 by plates 1, 5 of which the plate 1 has a pivot pin 3 and a segmental boss 4 and the plate 5 a cylindrical boss 7 with a diametral slot 8. The pivot pin engages the slot 8 and the boss 4 embraces the boss 7. When the seat is in the raised position, the slot 8 is positioned so that the seat can be lifted clear of the pivot pin.
Patent GB-915368-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in curtain fittings
IPC: A47H15/02
Filed: 1960-07-26
Abstract: 915,368. Suspending curtains. AINSWORTH, C. July 19, 1961 [July 26, 1960], No. 25956/60. Class 52 (5). In a curtain suspending arrangement comprising a horizontally extending rail 1 provided with a longitudinal slot 1a and runners 2 moving in the slot the runners have two rollers 4, 5 rotatable with a shaft which rotates within a hole in the runner and roll upon the upper surface 1b of the rail to support the runner. An eyelet 11 provides anchorage for a draw cord 12.
Patent GB-1547463-A (GB)
Title: Microwave field effect transistor
IPC: H01L23/48
Filed: 1976-06-22
Abstract: A microwave field effect transistor (FET) comprises source, gate, and drain electrodes deposited on an epitaxial layer grown on a semi-insulating substrate. The FET has lowered thermal resistance, lowered source lead inductance, and lowered gate series resistance, together with concomitant performance improvements, through the use of a novel source electrode connection which comprises a deposited or plated through metallic contact extending from the bottom of the wafer, through a hole in the substrate and epitaxial layer, to the underside of the source or other electrode which is deposited on the top side of the epitaxial layer. The chip, comprising the substrate, epitaxial layer, and top electrodes, is mounted on a heat sink. The chip's underside, including the bottom surface of the plated through source contact, is conductively bonded to the top surface of the heat sink.
Patent GB-425987-A (GB)
Title: Improved driving mechanism for internal combustion engines
IPC: F02B75/22
Filed: 1933-09-20
Abstract: 425,987. Driving gear for radial - cylinder engines; cooling. CRASKE, A. H., Lindhohn, Milton Road, Salisbury, Wiltshire. Sept. 20, 1933, Nos. 26029/33 and 23114/34. [Class 7 (ii)] [See also Group XXVI] In a radial-cylinder engine piston movement is transmitted through rollers or other slipper members 14 to a pair of oppositely moving cams A, B mounted on a central shaft A<1>, and a hollow shaft B<1> respectively. Flywheels 15, 16 driven through bevel wheels and toothed rings from the shafts A<1>, B<1>, ensure the smooth passage of the dead points at the ends of the cam lobes. The idle return strokes are assisted by linkage connections 18 between the slipper members, and the thrust-transmitting surfaces of the slippers and the cams may be differently shaped from those engaging only during the non-working strokes of the piston. Resilience is imparted to the slipper surfaces by keyhole slots 19. The piston-rods 13 pass through the closed ends of the cylinders, these ends constituting pump spaces for air or mixture. The pistons and piston rods are hollow; the piston is slotted to register with air ports 20 whereby air is circulated through each piston and rod, emerging by openings 22 into the casing 5 and thence passing as shown in broken lines back to the ports 20.
Patent GB-779061-A (GB)
Title: Burner
Inventor: SCHWEITZER EDWIN J
IPC: F23D14/00
Filed: 1954-09-09
Abstract: 779,061. Burners. THERMAL RESEARCH & ENGINEERING CORPORATION. Sept. 9, 1954, No. 26182/54. Class 75(1) [Also in Group XII] A burner comprises in seriatim communication a supply section 11 to which a fuel air mixture is delivered, an ignition chamber 12 and a combustion chamber 13, means in the ignition chamber for holding the flame centrally of the burner and a flame holder in the combustion chamber for maintaining the flame peripherally. The supply section 11 is formed by a tube adapted to be connected to a delivery conduit. The ignition chamber comprises an outer member 16 bolted to the supply section and a container ring 22 fitting closely within a strengthening ring 21. The container ring has a conical opening 23, the base of which is of the same diameter as the internal diameter of the supply tube 11. and is radially vertically slotted at 24 through one side and partly through the opposite portion to receive a refractory flame holder block 25a, Fig. 5. which extends from the bottom of the slot to the periphery of the retainer ring. The forward part of the upper end of the block is cut away at 27 to provide a space 28 for sparking plug ignition of the mixture. The flame holder block may have grooves 31 extending rearwardly and downwardly along its sides from the cut' away portion 27 to the downstream flame-holding face of the block. Two flame holding blocks may be mounted in the container ring. The rear face of the ignition chamber is defined by a flat ring 26 held in place by the strengthening ring 21 and having a cylindrical central opening coinciding in diameter with the smaller rearward end of the conical opening 23 in the container ring. The combustion chamber 13 is held against the strengthening ring 21 and the flat ring 26 by welding or cementing to an extension 20 of the outer member 16 of the ignition chamber and its interior cross-section is greater than the opening through the flat ring 26 thereby providing an annular flame-holding shoulder at its upstream end. The flame holder block 25a described mav be replaced by the block 25b shown in Fig. 6 which comprises a member of horse-shoe section, the base of the horse-shoe having orifices 32 and forming the upstream face. An apertured plate 33 extends across the interior of the block near its downstream end. When in position the block 25b terminates at its top short of the strengthening ring 21 to provide an ignition space. In the modification shown in Fig. 8 the flame holding block 25c is rectangular and is positioned horizontally across the opening in the flat ring 26a. The container ring 22a and the flat ring 26a are cut away to form a shoulder 36 serving as a flame holder. The fuel air mixture is delivered to the burner at high velocity. The fuel may be gas, vapour, dispersed liquid or finely divided solids. Specification 718,213 is referred to
Patent GB-629993-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to screw feeds
IPC: F16H25/24
Filed: 1947-09-27
Abstract: 629,993. Gearing ; screw and nut toothed and friction. BRINKHURST, W. A. Sept. 27, 1947, No. 26196. [Classes 80 (i) and 80 (iii)] A fine feed is obtained from a relatively coarse screw 3, Fig. 1, by means of a nut 4 which has a screw thread of the same pitch lead but has a larger diameter and is freely rotatable eccentrically of the screw 3 in a member 1 movable along the screw. The screw rotates the nut 4 by frictional engagement at one side thereof and the differing thread angles effect a linear movement of the nut along the screw. This movement is smaller than with a normal fixed nut and decreases with the diameter of the nut. Different rates of feed can be obtained in a modification by having several nuts of different diameters which can be selectively engaged with the screw by rotation of eccentric supporting rings. In another modification the threads are tapered and the depth of engagement between the screw and nut variable to vary the feed over a certain range. Alternatively one thread only is tapered in steps to give a step-by-step variation. In a further modification the nut is formed bellshaped with a varying diameter from one end to the other and is adjustably mounted in the movable member so that any selected diameter will engage the screw. Fig. 8 shows a modification of the simple arrangement of Fig. 1, in which in order to avoid any slip the nut 46 is positively driven from the screw 40 by a gear 45 slidable axially along the screw and meshing with an internal gear 47 on the nut 46. This arrangement is said to be particularly suitable for the feed mechanism of a screw-cutting lathe.
Patent GB-532783-A (GB)
Title: Improved method of coating the interior surface of the envelopes of electric lamps
IPC: H01J9/20
Filed: 1939-09-20
Abstract: 532,783. Coating articles ; luminescent materials. WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC INTERNATIONAL CO. Sept. 20, 1939, No. 26231. Convention date, Sept. 29, 1938. [Class 39 (i)] [Also in Group III] A layer of light diffusing or luminescent material is applied to the interior of an electric lamp bulb by forming a suspension of the material in a high viscosity binder, which is poured into the bulb &c. and caused to flow over the whole of the interior ; the bulb is then placed so that excess material may flow out during which time a controlled circulation of air is passed through the bulb. A pipe with perforated end is inserted in the bulb and connected either to a vacuum pump or to a source of air under pressure. The binder may be cellulose acetate or nitro-cellulose dissolved in amyl acetate. After the excess material has been removed the bulb is heated either at a high temperature or in two stages the first at 270‹ C. and the second at 450‹ C. The binder with material in suspension may be sprayed into the bulb ; zinc silicate may be the luminescent material.
Patent GB-171819-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in apparatus for spreading butter on bread and for analogous purposes
IPC: A21C15/00
Filed: 1920-09-13
Abstract: 171,819. Marshall, H. J. M. Sept. 13,1920. Butter-spreaders.-Slices of bread or the like are conveyed in succession on an endless band 3 beneath a hopper 7 from which butter or other material to be spread thereon is expelled by a piston 8 and brought by a grooved roller 11 beneath a spreading-blade 10, the blade having a serrated edge fitting the grooves in the roller. The slices of bread may be contained in a magazine 5, or delivered direct from a slicing-machine. The hopper 7 may be kept warm by a water jacket, as shown, or otherwise.