Patent GB-1115376-A (GB)
Title: Process for producing finely porous coatings
IPC: D06M15/11
Filed: 1965-09-01
Abstract: Porous coatings on textile products comprise (a) a polymer that can be cross-linked either with itself or with an aminoplast precondensate or with an epoxide, (a1) when required for cross-linking with component (a), an aminoplast precondensate or an epoxide, (b) granules of a porous solid that are insoluble in cold water, and (c) a separating agent which prevents component (b) being completely enveloped by component (a).  Self cross-linkable polymers specified are aqueous solutions of a copolymer from acrylic acid n-butyl ester, vinylidene chloride, acryli acid-N-methylolamide and calcium acrylate; copolymers of acrylic acid and an ester, e.g. methyl, ethyl, isopropyl or butyl esters of a chloroacrylic, methacrylic or acrylic acid; or a copolymer of isobutyl acrylate, acrylonitrile and acrylic acid, with sodium a -hydroxyoctadecane sulphonate as dispersant.  The aminoplast may be ethylene urea or methylolamine.  Highly methylated methylolamines containing five or six methylol groups etherified with four or five mols. of methylol may also be used. Poly-glycidyl compounds containing at least two <FORM:1115376/C3/1> groups linked with an oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen atom such as diglycidyl or polyglycidyl ethers of dihydroxy or polyhydroxy compounds, especially of polyalcohols or polyphenols are also specified.  The porous substance (b) may have a particle size of from 10 to 150 mil., should be insoluble at least in cold water and may be kaolin, talcum, starch or dextrin.  The substance (c) may be silicone oils such as methyl- or phenol-polysiloxane, or a liquid aliphatic hydroxy compound containing at least two hydroxyl groups, such as ethylene glycol or glycerol.  The amount may be 2 to 15%. A plasticizing agent for example, a mixture of paraffin wax and a condensation product of a highly methylated methylol melamine containing more than 5 methylol groups, and stearic acid, has been further condensed with triethanolamine.  In Examples (1) polymer (a) is mixed with gasoline, aminoplast (a1), paraffin wax, tetrachloroethylene, NH4Cl, water, aq. NH3, porous solid (b) and substance (c).  In an Example (7) calcium acrylate, N-methylolacrylamide, n-butyl acrylate and vinyldene chloride are polymerized in an aq. mixture of sodium lauryl sulphate, sodium a -hydroxy-octadecanesulphonate, sodium bisulphite and potassium persulphate.ALSO:A process for producing finely porous coatings and textile products comprises coating the products with a mixture containing (a) a polymer than can be cross-linked either with itself or with an aminoplast precondensate or with an epoxide; (a') when required for cross linking with component (a), an aminoplast precondensate or an epoxide; (b) granules of a porous solid that that are insoluble in cold water; (c) a separating agent which prevents component (b) being completely enveloped by component (a), and thereafter cross-linking component (a).  The base material may be a woven or knitted fabric, for example of fibres of polyamide, polyester, cellulose acetate, regenerated cellulose, or from natural cellulose, e.g. cotton.  The base may also be produced from mixed spinning products or mixed weaves, for example those from cotton and a polyester.  Self cross-linkable polymers specified are those which contain carboxylic acid - N - methylolamide groups, for example a co-polymer from acrylic acid alkyl esters, vinylidene chloride, acrylic acid - N - methylolamide and optionally calcium acrylate.  It may also be a polymer containing 3 carboxyl groups that have not been functionally modified.  It may be as free acid of the alkali metal or ammonium salt.  Specified are also co-polymers of acrylic acid and an ester e.g. methyl, ethyl, isopropyl or butyl esters of ethylenically unsaturated acids e.g. chloracrylic methacrylic or acrylic acid.  The aminoplast may be and etherified or unetherified methyl compound or urea or a urea derivative, such as ethylene urea or a methylolamine. Highly methylated methylolamines containing five or six methylol groups etherified with four or five mols of methylol may also be used.  Polyglycidyl compounds containing at least two <FORM:1115376/B1-B2/1> groups linked with an oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen atom, such as diglycidyl or polyglycidyl ethers of dihydroxy or polyhydroxy compounds, especially of polyalcohols or polyphenols are also specified.  The porous substance may have a particle size of from 10 to 150 mil and should themselves be porous and insoluble at least in cold water.  Specified are finely dispersed water - insoluble mineral substances especially silicates, such as kaolin or talcum, and carbohydrates such as starch or dextrin. They may be present in amount 5 to 30% by weight.  The substance (c) may be silicone oils such as methyl or phenyl polysiloxane oil, or a liquid aliphatic hydroxy compound containing at least two hydroxyl groups, such as ethylene-glycol or glycerol.  The amount may be 2 to 15%. Optical brightners or pigments may be present and a plasticizing agent, for example, a mixture of paraffin wax and a condensation product of highly methylated methylol melamine containing more than 5 methylol groups, and stearic acid, which has been further condensed with triethanolamine.  The coatings may be applied by doctor knife and the coating material heated at a temperature within the range from 140 to 200 DEG C.  The porous substance may be subsequently removed without an appreciable change in the remainder of the coating, for example starch may be used and enzymatically degraded and washed out of the coating.  A hydrophobizing treatment of the textile material may be performed before of after the coating step, for example with certain metal compounds (for example of aluminium or zirconium) or with aminoplast precondensates or methylhydrogen silioxane emulsions.