baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-948544-A (GB)
Title: Production of ªÏ-laurolactam
Inventor: METZGER HORST
IPC: C07D/
Filed: 1961-12-29
Abstract: o -Laurolactam is prepared by mixing cyclododecane carboxylic acid or an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt thereof with at least one, and up to two, equivalents of nitroacting agent derived from nitrous acid in the presence of at least one mole of sulphuric acid and/or oleum per mole of cyclododecane carboxylic acid. Suitable nitrosating agents are, for example, nitrosyl chloride, alkyl nitrites, sodium nitrite, dinitrogen trioxide or, preferably, nitrosylsulphonic acid or anhydride. The reaction temperature in general is 0 DEG  to 150 DEG C, but it is recommendable to use at least 35 DEG C., and the reaction may be initiated by addition of a small amount, e.g. 1 to 20% by weight, of o -laurolactam to the mixture of reactants or by temporarily increasing the reaction temperature. In a preferred embodiment the nitrosating agent in sulphuric acid or oleum solution is introduced into a solution or suspension of cyclododecane carboxylic acid, or salt thereof, in sulphuric acid or a solvent, e.g. cyclohexane, at such a rate that CO2 escapes continuously.  After the complete addition the mixture is stirred for a short time and poured on to ice or into water to precipitate the o -laurolactam.  The cyclododecane carboxylic acid or alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts thereof may be prepared by the trimerisation of butadiene to cyclododecatriene (1, 5, 9), conversion of the trimer into monohydroxymethyl cyclododecane by the oxo synthesis and oxidation of the last mentioned compound to the acid by, for example, alkali fusion.
Patent GB-1132082-A (GB)
Title: The manufacture of pyrimidine derivatives
IPC: A23K1/16
Filed: 1965-11-05
Abstract: 1,132,082. Pyrimidine derivatives. F. HOFFMANN-LA ROCHE & CO. A.G. 5 Nov., 1965 [12 Nov., 1964; 7 May, 1965], No. 46935/65. Heading C2C. Compounds of the general formula (wherein R<SP>1</SP> represents Cl, Br, F, C 1-7  alkyl, C 1-7  alkoxy or benzyl, R<SP>2,3,4,5</SP> each represent Cl, Br, F, C 1-7  alkyl or C 1-7  alkoxy and the broken lines denote optional substituents) and their acid addition salts, are prepared by the following process: Compound (II) has the general formula and X represents Cl or Br.
Patent GB-1324872-A (GB)
Title: Electromechanical resonator
IPC: H01L41/18
Filed: 1970-10-02
Abstract: 1324872 Ceramic compositions PHILIPS ELECTRONIC & ASSOCIATED INDUSTRIES Ltd 2 Oct 1970 [7 Oct 1969] 46983/70 Heading C1J [Also in Division H1] A polycrystalline material having, when polarized, piezoelectric properties, consists solely of PZT with MnO as additive, the composition being represented by where x varies from 0À52 to 0À58 and y varies from 0À22 to 0À40. Examples are given of 52/48, 53/47, 54/46, 56/44 and 58/42 PZT compositions each with additions of 0À22, 0À26, 0À32 and 0À39 wt. per cent of MnO. The starting materials are prepared by guiding and heating first in air at 800 C. for 10 hours, then in a lead/oxygen atmosphere at 1300 C. for 1 hour.
Patent GB-1526758-A (GB)
Title: Aerobic fermentation process and apparatus
IPC: C12N1/16
Filed: 1975-11-14
Abstract: 1526758 Mixing and aerating UHDE GmbH 14 Nov 1975 [16 Nov 1974] 47042/75 Heading B1C [Also in Division C6] A batch or continuous process for the production of protein-containing cells by fermentation which comprises mixing together a micro-organism, an aqueous nutrient medium for the micro-organism and an oxygen-bearing gas (air) to form a gas/liquid mixture having a density of from 0.1 to 0.3 g/ml at a temperature suitable for growth of the micro-organism, is carried out in a fermenter provided with apertured paddles 12 mounted for rotation about a horizontal shaft 10 driven by a motor 19, the required density being achieved by the rotation of the paddles. The paddles may be arranged on the shaft either radially (as shown) or at an angle of +20‹ thereto. Air is introduced through opening 8 of the firmenter. The cells of the multiplied micro-organism are recovered from the fermentation product. An Example relates to the cultivation of Candida lipolytica on an n-paraffin (C 10 -C 14 ) substrate.
Patent GB-1449617-A (GB)
Title: Winding clip
IPC: H01F7/06
Filed: 1973-10-09
Abstract: 1449617 Clip; retaining wire coils UNITEDCARR Ltd 7 Oct 1974 [9 Oct 1973] 47123/73 Heading E2B  An assembly of a wire or cable wound on a cylindrical core 25 of an electromagnet and a retaining clip therefor comprises a plurality of members 11, 12 having means 21, 23 to be connected together to form hollow sleeve having a peripheral, preferably cylindrical, wall 14, 15 and end walls 16, 17 to retain the cable 24 in the sleeve and an aperture e.g. slot 26 for the cable to enter and leave the sleeve. The clip is preferably injection moulded from synthetic plastics e.g. an acetal resin.
Patent GB-1020768-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in conveyor systems
IPC: B65B35/54
Filed: 1962-12-14
Abstract: 1,020,768. Reciprocating conveyers. G.D. SOCIETE IN ACCOMANDITA SEMPLICE DI ENZO SERAGNOLI ED ARIOSTO SERAGNOLI. Dec. 14, 1962 [Dec. 21, 1961; Oct. 8, 1962], No. 47270/62. Heading B8A. Cigarette packaging machines 21, 21<SP>1</SP>, which have a rate of working which is less than that of a machine 74 for wrapping the cigarette packets in cellophane, both supply a single conveyer 46 leading to the machine 74, there being magazines 40, 40 (Fig. 2, not shown), respective to the machines 21, 21<SP>1</SP>, which accommodate a reserve of packets according to fluctuations and possibly occasional stopping of the machines 21, 21<SP>1</SP>, and 74. Packets 23 delivered from the machine 21 are fed by a conveyer 63 to a position in which they are successively engaged by a pusher 32. Due to the action of the latter the packets eventually arrive beneath the respective magazine 40. Similar mechanism is provided in respect of the output of the machine 21<SP>1</SP> and packets 23, 23, arrive simultaneously beneath the respective lower openings of the magazines 40, 40. A periodically upwardly and downwardly reciprocating pusher 37 lifts the two packets 23 upwards into engagement with respective pairs of spring-loaded claw members 42 (Fig. 3, not shown). A pusher 45 then pushes the two packets on to the conveyer 46 by which they are delivered to the machine 74. If the machine 74 should stop, an electric circuit causes the de-energization of a solenoid 72 and the consequent release of a spring-loaded stop 71 into engagement with the pusher 45. The packets 23, 23, arriving beneath the magazine openings are then successively pushed upwards into the magazine. If the latter should become full they are deflected by a member 49 into a shoot 77 leading to a bin 78. When the machines 21. 21<SP>1</SP>, are working normally, an electromagnet 50 causes a stop 44 to act through apertures in the base of the magazines 40, 40, to support the stack of however many packets 23 that may be stored in the magazine. The faces of the stop 44 have a sawtooth formation so that while the stack of packets 23 can be supported by the stop, the stack can nevertheless be raised against the action of the stop by the pusher 37 when the pusher is not functioning. When the machines 21, 21<SP>1</SP>, cease to function, however, the solenoid 50 is deenergized and the stop 44 is retracted by a spring 41 so that the packets fed by the pusher 45 arrive in turn on the claw members 42, pair by pair from the stack in each magazine 40. A spring-loaded stop 28 is normally held out of the path of travel of the stop 32 by the action of each successive packet, engaging the stop 28. When the packets 23 cease to arrive, the stop 28 is spring biased into engagement with the pusher 32. The stop 32 is operated by a cam mechanism in such a way that the cam action holds the stop positively in its retracted position and permits the stop to carry out its feeding action under spring load (Fig. 4, not shown).
Patent GB-1152501-A (GB)
Title: Once Through Forced Flow Boilers
IPC: F22B29/08
Filed: 1966-10-21
Abstract: 1,152,501. Once through forced flow vapour generators. FOSTER WHEELER CORP. 21 Oct., 1966 [22 Oct., 1965], No. 47407/66. Heading F4A. A once through forced flow vapour generator comprises a Furnace chamber 12 fired by Burners 14; 16; the combustion gases exiting through a tube screen 24 to enter a convection section 30, including parallel front and rear passageways 32; 34. A feed water supply controlled by valve 58, passes through economizer 38 and downcomer 59 to furnace water wall tubes 60 which defines series of passes in the lower part of the furnace enclosure, and then through upper front and side wall tubes 62 to downcomer 64. This leads fluid to upper furnace rear wall 66, tube screens 24 and 28, and horizontal convection pass side walls 70 and floor 72. Downcomer 74 then feeds the fluid to convection pass front, rear, side and division walls 78, 80, 82 and 84 respectively, after which the fluid passes through roof tubes 86 and pressure reducing valves 88, 90 to radiant heated pendant superheater 22. During normal operation, the fluid then flows to finishing superheater 26 and a high pressure turbine (not shown). Intermediate and low pressure reheaters 42, 40 are located in the parallel convection passageways 34, 32 respectively. On start up a 25 to 30% full load fluid flow is established through the circuitry up to outlet header 94 of pendant superheater 22, and since valve 100 ih the line connecting superheaters 22 and 26 is closed, the fluid is passed through valve 102 to flash separator 98. Water from the separator passes through line 106 to a condenser and demineralizer (not shown) and/or to a heat recovery system (not shown), so bypassing finishing superheater 26. Firing at about 15 to 20% of the full load rate is commenced, the flue gases passing the finishing superheater 26 being kept below 1,200 F., flash steam from separator 98 being passed through line 92 to finishing superheater 26 to warm and roll the turbine. Firing continues, and the load is increased till 95% quality steam is produced by outlet header 94, when valve 100 is opened and valve 104 closed, for normal operation, thereby removing separator 98 from fluid circuit. In normal operation, superheat steam temperatures are controlled by varying the firing rate, or the feed water supply, one re-heat steam temperature is controlled by proportioning the gas flow through the parallel passes 32, 34 by means of dampers 52, 54, and the other reheat steam temperature is controlled by varying the gas recirculation rate back to the furnace chamber 12 from the convection pass outlet, through ducts 46 by means of the setting of dampers 50.
Patent GB-951749-A (GB)
Title: Method for obtaining flat and stress-free magnetic strip
IPC: C21D1/30
Filed: 1962-12-18
Abstract: A process for flattening magnetic metallic strip material that has been coiled comprises unwinding the coil strip and passing it through a heat treating furnace and subjecting it to a stress relieving heat treatment and, as said strip passes through said furnace, introducing a single reverse bend in said strip in opposition to the coil set thereof.  Silicon steel strip 2 from a coil 4, which has been box annealed, after passage, if necessary, through a coating tank of, for example, phosphoric acid, enters a furnace 1.  Here it passes over preferably driven hearth rolls 3 to be heated and soaked in the first part of the furnace at 1500, DEG F. and cooled for the remainder of its travel through the furnace to be rewound on a reel 5.  Reverse bending of the strip is effected by lifting a single roll 6, preferably driven, above the line of the rolls 3.  The roll 6 may be lifted progressively by screw means as the diameter of the coil 4 diminishes. In a modification three adjacent rolls are lifted. Alternatively the rolls 3 may be depressed.  In another embodiment, Fig. 3, the strip 2 passes over a series of rolls 10 <PICT:0951749/C3/1> <PICT:0951749/C3/2> <PICT:0951749/C3/3> <PICT:0951749/C3/4> arranged to form a U in the furnace 1. Again, the strip 2 may pass from rolls 11, Fig. 4, up on to rolls 12 and 13.  In a further embodiment, Fig. 5, a central roll 14 is spaced from adjacent rolls 15a, 16a a distance sufficient for the strip to form two catenaries. The process may be used with strip coated on one side with an insulating film.
Patent GB-1424809-A (GB)
Title: Double vacuum treatment of timber and other porous materials
IPC: B27K3/08
Filed: 1972-10-17
Abstract: 1424809 Preserving wood RICHARDSON & STARLING Ltd 18 Sent 1973 [17 Oct 1972] 47840/72 Heading D1P Wood is impregnated with liquid by placing it in a vacuum chamber above a first level of liquid in a pool in the chamber drawing a vacuum, feeding further liquid into the chamber to immerse the wood whilst maintaining a vacuum, releasing the vacuum to impregnate the liquid into the wood, returning the liquid to the reservoir to reduce the liquid level in the chamber to below the wood, drawing a second vacuum to recover a portion of the liquid from the wood, and returning the recovered liquid to the reservoir to reduce the liquid to the first level.  As shown, the reservoir is mounted within a cylindrical vacuum treatment chamber 1, the wood being loaded into the chamber on wheeled trucks 5. The initial level of liquid is at 8 and controlled by a float switch. After drawing a vacuum, liquid is allowed to flow, or is pumped, from the reservoir 10 into the treatment chamber to impregnate the wood for up to 30 mins. The level of liquid at this stage is determined by float switch 18. The vacuum is released and if necessary pressure is applied to impregnate the liquid into the wood. The liquid is then pumped back to the reservoir via filter 21. The second vacuum is then drawn for up to 30 mins, the liquid removed from the wood being automatically pumped up to the reservoir to hold the liquid level at 8. The reservoir 10 is topped up from storage tank 12. The liquid may be wood preservative or fire retardant e.g. pentachlorophenol and its esters and salts, metal naphtheneates, chlorinated naphthatenes, tributyl tin oxide, copper hydroxyquininolate, dieldrin, benzene hexachloride, or tribromophenol as a solution or dispersion in petroleum and/or coal tar distillated, white spirit, kerosene or naphtha.
Patent GB-997339-A (GB)
Title: Production of thin goss-oriented magnetic iron-silicon alloy sheets
IPC: C21D8/12
Filed: 1963-12-04
Abstract: Iron-silicon alloy magnetic sheet, 0.0001-0.006 inch thick and composed of secondary recrystallized cube-on-edge oriented grains having an average diameter exceeding twice the sheet thickness, is produced by cold reducing, e.g. rolling, a thick sheet of an iron-silicon alloy containing 2-8% silicon with a reduction of at least 40%, open annealing the surface cleaned and oxide-free cold reduced sheet at 1100-1400  DEG C. in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, such as dry hydrogen or argon, or vacuum such that during recrystallization, the maximum oxygen and sulphur contents in the sheet at least on the surface are 0.001% and 0.00003% respectively. The alloy preferably contains not more than 0.1% Al and less than 0.01% C, and may contain one or more of Mn, Ni, Mo, Cr, Co, Cu totalling 0.1-1.0%.  The anneal temperature may be established by passing an electric current through the sheet in a furnace, the walls of which are cooler than the sheet. Alternatively, the sheet may be subjected to an electron beam. Intermediate anneals of 700-1000 DEG C. may be carried out during the cold rolling.  U.S.A.  Specification 2,473,156 is referred to.
Patent GB-1166365-A (GB)
Title: Snap-Action Bimetal Electric Switch.
IPC: H01H37/54
Filed: 1967-10-23
Abstract: 1,166,365. Bimetal switches. DANFOSS A/S. 23 Oct., 1967 [10 Nov., 1966], No. 48025/67. Heading H1N. A snap-action contact carrying bimetal strip 1, e.g. used as a starting relay for a singlephase motor, is divided into three panel portions 3, 4, 5, Fig. 1, by two fold lines 10, is provided with slots 2, and the effective length of panel portions 3, 4 is shortened, e.g. by pressed-in portions 12, Fig. 2, and the outer portions 3, 4 are folded back against the strip so that their free longitudinal edges lie along lines defining the inner longitudinal edges of respective slots, Fig. 2. The non-shortened panel portion 5 acquires an arcuate form and on heating portion 5 deflects in a direction opposite to that of deflection of portions 3, 4. On cooling, the strip snaps back to its original position. There may be two or more than three panel portions.
Patent GB-1161120-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for Comparing with a Master Record Items of Data Presented as Perforations in a Punch Card.
Inventor: MCEWAN THOMAS JOSEPH
IPC: G06K17/00
Filed: 1965-11-12
Abstract: 1,161,120. Sensing records. T. J. McEWAN. 14 Nov., 1966 [12 Nov., 1965], No. 48259/65. Heading G4M. In apparatus for comparing data presented as perforations 70, Fig. 13, in a card 69, with items on a master record, sensing conductors 21, arranged in groups, are selectively engageable with a terminal plate 17 in accordance with the items on the master record, and are engageable with a second terminal plate 51 through perforations in the card 69, at least one of plates 17, 51 comprising a plurality of separate conductive strips with which respective groups of conductors 21 are engageable, and a stepping switch 61, 62 scans the conductive strips to provide a separate output pulse for each perforation 70 which agrees with the corresponding item on the master record. The apparatus is used for checking examination answer cards. To set up the telescopic pins 21a, 21b, Fig. 9, which comprise conductors 21, the master record 55 which is perforated in positions corresponding to incorrect answers, is placed on lower terminal plate 7 comprising conductive strips 51. A locking plate 15 situated below the upper terminal plate (not shown in Fig. 9) and having a lower conductive surface 35, is moved to a releasing position in which holes 36 in plate 15 are aligned with shoulders 24 on pins 21. The upper assembly is then lowered on to record 55 (the assemblies may form hinted sections of a portable case) so that the shoulders 24 of pins 21a corresponding to correct answers move above plate 15, whereas the shoulders 24 of the pins 21b corresponding to incorrect answers remain below plate 15. The plate 15 is then moved to the locking position in which pins 21a are locked in the upper position by shoulders 24 engaging slots 38. Having set up pins 21 as described above, an answer card 69 is inserted in place of the master record and the two terminal assemblies are brought together again. Corresponding conductive strips on plates 17; 51 are connected to corresponding contacts 63, 64 so that groups of positions representing multiple-choice answers are scanned in turn. If card 69 is perforated in a " correct " position 70a, the corresponding pin 21a provides a connection between plates 17, 51 and a counter 66 is actuated. If card 69 is perforated in an " incorrect " position, e.g. 70c, a low resistance shunt circuit 68 is completed across counter 66 by way of plate 51, pin 21c and lower conductive surface 35 of plate 15 so that counter 66 is not actuated. Contacts 64 are wider than contacts 63 so that shunt circuit 68 is completed before, and remains in existence after, the counter actuation circuit is prepared, so as to ensure that counter 66 is not actuated when, as shown, the examinee has cheated by perforating card 69 in several places 70a-70c, even though one of these perforations 70a is correct.
Patent GB-1150995-A (GB)
Title: Process for producing Microporous Sheets
Inventor: TRAUBEL HARRO
IPC: C08G18/00
Filed: 1967-10-25
Abstract: 1,150,995. Microporous polyurethane coating; mixing apparatus. FARBENFABRIKEN BAYER A.G. 25 Oct,, 1967, No. 48442/67. Headings B1C, B2E and B2K [Also in Division C3]  Substrates e.g. glass plates, metal plates, silicone rubber matrices, split leather, grain leather, knitted or woven textiles, fleeces, felts, paper or cardboard may be coated with microporous polyurethanes prepared by dispersing a nonameric polyisocyanate or an N.C.O. terminated prepolymer in at least 40% by weight, based on the polyisocyanate or prepolymer, of a non-solvent therefor, in the absence of an emulsifier, and reacting the dispersion so formed with a substantially equivalent quantity of a compound which contained at least two active hydrogen atoms or at least two and not more than six nitrogen atoms, the reaction mixture so obtained being applied to the substrate before reaction is complete and the solvents present being subsequently removed. The monomeric polyisocyanates and prepolymers may be used dissolved in an organic solvent. Conventional polyisocyanates are used and prepolymers thereof based on polyethers and polyesters are suitable. The preferred non-solvent is water, but glycols, aliphatic hydrocarbons and commercial mixtures may be used. Conventional aliphatic and aromatic diamines may be reacted with the dispersions, as may hydrazine, semicarbazide, carbodihydrazide, guanidine, N,N' - dimethylurea and phenylguanidine. Catalysts such as tertiary amines or organotin compounds be used in the reaction with the polyamines. Suitably half to three-quarters of the reactive groups should have undergone reaction before the reaction mixture is applied to the substrate. The mixer comprises a mixing chamber 1 provided with a pinned-disc stirrer 2 and a tempering unit 3 surrounding the mixing chamber. Feed pipes 4 and 5 are provided with shut-off valves 6 and 7 and inlet nozzles 8 and 9. The outlet 10 is provided with a variable throughflow cone valve 11 which tapers towards the applicator nozzle 12.
Patent GB-1459533-A (GB)
Title: Pressurised fluid supply apparatus
IPC: F15B11/04
Filed: 1974-11-12
Abstract: 1459533 Hydraulic control circuits; controlling pumps POCLAIN 12 Nov 1974 [21 Nov 1973] 48919/74 Heading F1A and F1P In a circuit comprising variable delivery pumps 4, 11, Fig. 1 driving motors 5, 12 in closed circuits without flow-limiters and a constant delivery pump 18 in an open circuit with an oil cooler 22, the pumps are driven by a common motor 27 and a flow limiter 23 is provided in the open circuit whose configuration is independent of the fluidpressure in the delivery conduit upstream. If the motor 27 begins to race, the restriction 23 is manually closed by a lever 24 until an acceptable speed is restored. In Fig. 2 when a sensor 35 detects a fall in torque of the motor 27 a valve 29 is moved to close a conduit 21a, 21b so that the output of pump 18 passes through a relief valve 32. This introduces resistance into the circuit and the torque rises. Fig. 3 (not shown) illustrates a similar arrangement in which a variable restriction is closed by a solenoid, actuated by a speed governor, when the motor runs at an unacceptably high speed. In Fig. 4 a valve 45 is linked to the control for the variable pump 4. In the neutral position 8a, i.e. no pump delivery, conduits 47, 48, 49 are closed. In positions 8 and 8b one or other of return pipes 6, 7 are connected to an actuator 42 of the restrictor 38. The latter is normally held open by a spring 50 and is closed when the pressure in a return pipe rises, i.e. when the motor 5 over-runs. The embodiment illustrated in Fig. 5 (not shown), is similar except that the restrictor is held open by the pressure in one or other of supply lines 6, 7 and is closed by a spring 50a when this drops. In Fig. 6, the motor 5a has a large cylinder capacity and a small cylinder capacity which are selected by a valve 60. When the higher capacity is selected the motor slows down and a restrictor 53 is closed to prevent the motor 27 racing at the changeover point. At changeover a ram 55 is connected to reservoir 20 by the valve 60. This allows a ram 56, which is still under pressure, to close the restrictor 53. As the pressure in ram 56 leaks away through a restrictor 64 the restrictor 53 is opened by a spring 54.