Patent GB-615239-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to glyceride oils
IPC: C11B7/00
Filed: 1946-03-25
Abstract: Natural glyceride oils are extracted with a polar solvent to take out the more unsaturated glycerides, free fatty acids and unsaponifiables such as sterols, inhibitols, tocopherols, vitamins, break constituents, phosphor-lipids, lecithin, gums and the like, and then the extract is freed from fatty acids and unsaponifiables by extracting with an aqueous polar solvent. Glyceride oils which may be treated are soya bean oil, linseed oil, cottonseed oil, menhaden oil, fish liver oil, tung oil, coconut oil and lard, while polar solvents which may be employed are methyl or ethyl acetoacetate, acetone and those listed in U.S.A. Specifications 2,200,390 and 2,200,391.  The process may be worked according to the two-column system.  Furfural saturated with naphtha is fed into the top of the first column, the crude or degummed oil, usually plus naphtha, is fed in near the middle of the column, and an extracted oil, partially or completely stripped of solvent, or a naphtha reflux, or a combination of extracted oil, partially or completely stripped of solvent, and naphtha reflux is fed in near the bottom of the column.  The extract solution from the first column is sent to a still where some or all of the furfural is removed and this oil or oil-furfural solution is then fed to a second column where it is re-extracted with furfural having dissolved water therein.  A convenient process of treating the extract from the second column comprises distilling off the furfural, and saponifying the free acids (for example with alcoholic sodium or potassium hydroxide and then distilling off the alcohol).  The soaps thus formed can then be dissolved out with water or the unsaponifiables may be dissolved out with petroleum naphtha or other suitable hydrocarbon solvent. The sterols can be crystallized from the naphtha.  Alternatively, after removal of the furfural from the extract from the second column, the residue may be twitchellized to form fatty acids. These acids may be distilled off, saponified with alkali or esterified with a lower monohydric alcohol and the unsaponifiables taken up in hydrocarbon solvent.  Alternatively again, the residue after removal of furfural may be treated to convert fatty acids to esters of monohydric alcohols such as methyl alcohol, for example by a process of alcoholysis.  After distilling off the esters, the unsaponifiables may be taken up in hydrocarbon solvent.ALSO:Natural glyceride oils are extracted with a polar solvent to take out the more unsaturated glycerides, free fatty acids and unsaponifiables such as sterols, inhibitols, tocophenols, vitamins, break constituents, phospho-lipids, lecithin, gums and the like, and then the extract is freed from fatty acids and unsaponifiables by extracting with an aqueous polar solvent. Glyceride oils which may be treated are soyabean oil, linseed oil, cottonseed oil, menhaden oil, fish liver oil, tung oil, coconut oil and lard, while polar solvents which may be employed are furfural, methyl or ethyl acetoacetate, acetone and those listed in U.S.A. Specifications 2,200,390 and 2,200,391.  The process may be worked according to the two-column system. Furfural saturated with naphtha is fed into the top of the first column, the crude or degummed oil, usually plus naphtha, is fed in near the middle of the column, and an extracted oil, partially or completely stripped of solvent, or a naphtha reflux, or a combination of extracted oil, partially or completely stripped of solvent, and naphtha reflux is fed in near the bottom of the column.  The extract solution from the first column is sent to a still where some or all of the furfural is removed and this oil or oil-furfural solution is then fed to a second column where it is re-extracted with furfural having dissolved water therein.  A convenient process of treating the extract from the second column comprises distilling off the furfural, and saponifying the free acids (for example with alcoholic sodium or potassium hydroxide and then distilling off the alcohol).  The soaps thus formed can then be dissolved out with water or the unsaponifiables may be dissolved out with petroleum naphtha or other suitable hydrocarbon solvent.  The sterols can be crystallized from the naphtha.  Alternatively, after removal of the furfural from the extract from the second column the residue may be twitchellized to form fatty acids.  These acids may be distilled off, saponified with alkali or esterified with a lower monohydric alcohol and the unsaponifiables taken up in hydrocarbon solvent.  Alternatively again, the residue after removal of the furfural may be treated to convert fatty acids to esters of monohydric alcohols such as methyl alcohol, for example by a process of alcoholysis.  After distilling off the esters, the unsaponifiables may be taken up in hydrocarbon solvent.