Patent GB-798437-A (GB)
Title: Process for dyeing fabrics by means of pigments
IPC: D06M15/285
Filed: 1955-03-29
Abstract: In the dyeing of fabrics with pigments, the fabric is padded with a mixture comprising a pigment, an aqueous emulsion of a copolymer of (a) at least one vinyl monomer yielding a film-forming polymer if polymerized alone and (b) one or more of vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile, styrene and as-dichloro-ethylene, and/or less than 50 per cent by weight of the copolymer of at least one vinyl monomer capable of acting as a cross-linking agent, an aqueous solution of polyacrylamide of high molecular weight, or an aqueous solution of an acrylamide copolymer of high molecular weight the copolymer component of which does not deleteriously affect the solubility of the polyacrylamide and at least one urea-formaldehyde, sulphonamide-formaldehyde, dicyandiamide-formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde or phenol-formaldehyde water-soluble initial condensate together with, if desired, an acid or acid-reacting catalyst, the mixture containing no thickening agent with a basis of volatile solvents, and then the pigment is fixed on the fabric by heating in the presence of an acid catalyst.  Copolymers of butadiene, of esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid with alcohols containing 4 or more carbon atoms and of vinyl ethers may be employed, specified second and third components being styrene, dichloroethane, acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate, and suitable copolymer emulsions being those described in Specification 727,650, [Group IV (a)].  The catalyst, e.g., ammonium phosphate, nitrate or chloride, may be incorporated in the mixture, or the padded fabric may be passed through an acid bath or exposed to acid vapours, e.g., acetic acid vapours.  In examples, specified copolymer emulsions are those of (1) styrene, butadiene and acrylonitrile; (2) dichloroethylene and acrylic acid butyl ester; (3) styrene, butadiene and methacrylamide, and (4) butadiene and styrene.  Example (3) describes the dyeing of a polyamide fabric, the other examples pertaining to fabrics of cotton or regenerated cellulose.ALSO:A composition for use in the dyeing of fabrics with pigments comprises in admixture a pigment, an aqueous emulsion of a copolymer of (a) at least one vinyl monomer yielding a filmforming polymer if polymerized alone and (b) one or more of vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile, styrene and as -dichloro-ethylene, and/or less than 50 per cent by weight of the copolymer of at least one vinyl monomer capable of acting as a cross-linking agent, an aqueous solution of polyacrylamide of high molecular weight, or an aqueous solution of an acrylamide copolymer of high molecular weight the copolymer component of which does not affect the solubility of the polyacrylamide and at least one ureaformaldehyde, sulphonamide-formaldehyde, dicyandiamide - formaldehyde, melamine - formaldehyde or phenol-formaldehyde water-soluble initial condensation together with, if desired, an acid or acid-reacting catalyst, the composition containing no thickening agent with a basis of volatile solvents.  Copolymers of butadiene, of esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid with alcohols containing 4 or more carbon atoms and of vinyl ethers may be employed, specified second and third components being styrene, dichloroethane, acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate, and suitable copolymer emulsions being those described in Specification 727,650.  In Examples, specified copolymer emulsions are those of (1) styrene, butadiene and acrylonitrile; (2) dichloroethylene and acrylic acid butyl ester; (3) styrene, butadiene and methacrylamide; and (4) butadiene and styrene.