baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent TW-202318137-A (TW)
Inventor: SHARMA SANTOSH
IPC: G05F3/26
Filed: 2022-06-28
Abstract: An electronic device includes a semiconductor substrate and a bidirectional transistor switch formed on the substrate, the bidirectional switch including a first source node, a second source node and a common drain node. A first transistor is formed on the substrate and includes a first source terminal, a first drain terminal and a first gate terminal, wherein the first source terminal is connected to the substrate, the first drain terminal is connected to the first source node and the first gate terminal is connected to the second source node. A second transistor is formed on the substrate and includes a second source terminal, a second drain terminal and a second gate terminal, wherein the second source terminal is connected to the substrate, the second drain terminal is connected to the second source node and the second gate terminal is connected to the first source node.
Patent TW-202311949-A (TW)
Title: 使用暫存器取樣處理器當機分析
Inventor: EDGAR ERNEST L
IPC: G06F9/455
Filed: 2022-07-12
Abstract: 用於使用暫存器取樣處理器當機分析的系統和方法被揭露。例如一積體電路可以包括被配置以執行指令的處理器核心，其中該處理器核心包括一程式計數器暫存器和一異常程式計數器暫存器（例如，機器異常程式計數器暫存器），當一異常發生時，該異常程式計數器暫存器被配置以儲存目前的一程式計數器值；一資料記憶體，經由一入口埠被連接到該異常程式計數器暫存器，該入口埠被配置以儲存回應於一指令之汰除的一異常程式計數器值的副本；以及一異常程式計數器擷取暫存器，被配置以儲存來自第二資料儲存的異常程式計數器值，該第二資料儲存回應於該處理器核心的一重置訊號。
Patent TW-202312280-A (TW)
Title: 液晶顯示裝置
Inventor: KOYAMA JUN
IPC: G02F1/1368
Filed: 2011-09-08
Abstract: 省略形成島形半導體層之光刻及蝕刻步驟，並以四光刻步驟製造液晶顯示裝置：形成閘極電極之步驟(包括使用與該閘極電極相同層形成之佈線)、形成源極及汲極電極之步驟(包括使用與該源極及該汲極電極相同層形成之佈線)、形成接觸孔之步驟(包括移除非該接觸孔之區域中絕緣層等)、及形成像素電極之步驟(包括使用與該像素電極相同層形成之佈線)。藉由減少光刻步驟數量，可以低成本及高生產力配置液晶顯示裝置。藉由改進佈線之形狀及電位，避免寄生通道形成。
Patent TW-202319379-A (TW)
Title: 用於使有機材料安定化之添加劑混合物
Inventor: WEYLAND TANIA
IPC: C07D251/24
Filed: 2022-07-18
Abstract: 本發明係關於組合物，其包含經安定之有機材料、至少一種式(A)化合物及至少一種UV吸收劑。此外，本發明係關於添加劑混合物，其包含至少一種式(A)化合物及至少一種UV吸收劑。本發明亦關於添加劑混合物用於增強暴露於光之經安定之有機材料之安定性的用途。
Patent TW-202312156-A (TW)
Title: 用於循序靜態隨機存取記憶體(sram)的寫入輔助
Inventor: DALLARD EDITH
IPC: G11C8/16
Filed: 2022-08-02
Abstract: 在某些實施例中，一種設備，其包括：一靜態隨機存取記憶體(SRAM)裝置。所述SRAM裝置可以具有一位元胞陣列，其包括複數個位元胞，所述複數個位元胞被配置成複數列以及複數行，所述複數行的每一行在操作上耦接至一對位元線。所述設備可包括一控制器，其被配置以：致能和一列相關的一字元線；當所述字元線維持致能時，執行一序列的寫入操作，每一個寫入操作對應於和所述複數行中的一不同的行以及所述列相關的一位元胞，其中在所述序列的寫入操作的至少一部分期間，所述字元線具有相對於一非升高的電壓的一升高的電壓；以及在所述序列的寫入操作被執行之後，解除致能所述字元線。
Patent TW-202315861-A (TW)
Title: Radiation-sensitive resin composition, resin, compound, and pattern formation method
Inventor: NISHIKORI Katsuaki
IPC: C07C309/12
Filed: 2022-09-13
Abstract: Provided are a radiation-sensitive resin composition, a resin, a compound, and a pattern formation method with which it is possible to form a resist film that has excellent sensitivity, CDU performance, and resolution when next-generation technology is applied. A radiation-sensitive resin composition that includes: a resin including a structural unit (I) represented by formula (1); a radiation-sensitive acid generator including an organic acid anion moiety and an onium cation moiety; and a solvent. (In formula (1), Ra is a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-10 monovalent hydrocarbon group. Ar1 is a substituted or unsubstituted C6-20 divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group. m is 0 or 1. L1 is -O-, *-COO-, a C1-20 divalent hydrocarbon group, or a combination of two or more thereof or is a single bond. * is a bond on the Ar1 side. Ar2 is a substituted or unsubstituted C6-20 monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group. X is a an iodine atom or bromine atom substituting a hydrogen atom in a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group represented by Ar2. When multiple X are present, the multiple X are the same as or different from each other. n1 is an integer of 1 to (the number of hydrogen atoms in a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group represented by Ar2).).
Patent TW-202315375-A (TW)
Title: Communication method, apparatus, and system
Inventor: HU MENG-SHI
IPC: H04L29/06
Filed: 2022-09-26
Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a communication method, apparatus, and system, sending, by a first communication device sends to a second communication device, a PPDU comprising indication information and M link adaptation blocks, wherein the indication information indicates a resource used for link adaptation, and the M link adaptation blocks use different transmission parameters, the resource is used to transmit the M link adaptation blocks. Responsing, by the second communication device, to the first communication device, a feedback result determined based on measurement results corresponding to the M link adaptation blocks, and sending, by the first communication device, based on the feedback result, a PPDU used to transmit data. It can be learned that the two communication devices may complete link adaptation through one interaction, and do not need to perform multiple interactions, so that link adaptation efficiency can be improved.
Patent TW-202314924-A (TW)
Title: Electronic component mounting device and electronic component mounting method in which the electronic component mounting device includes a mounting head, a pick-up collet, a moving device, and a control device
Inventor: HANE YOSUKE
IPC: H01L21/67
Filed: 2022-09-28
Abstract: The invention provides an electronic component mounting device and an electronic mounting method for picking up an electronic component in a non-contact manner and positioning the electronic component. An embodiment of the electronic component mounting device comprises: a mounting head that mounts a sucked up and held electronic component onto a substrate; a pick-up collet that comprises a porous member for holding electronic components in a non-contact manner and electronic components are sucked from a supplying part to hand over to the mounting head; a moving device that makes the mounting head and the pick-up collet move relative to each other; and a control device, in the state where the gas is ejected from the porous member and the electronic components are held in a non-contact manner by the negative pressure of the suction hole, uses the moving device to bring the mounting head and the pick-up collet close to the specified distance and uses the mounting head to perform suction. After a predetermined elapse of time at a specified interval, the suction of the pick-up collet is released and the mounting head is sucked to hold the electronic component.
Patent TW-202330501-A (TW)
Inventor: GRANDNER JESSICA MARIE
IPC: C07D403/12
Filed: 2022-10-04
Abstract: 本文描述了式 (I) 化合物及其醫藥上可接受之鹽、包含該式 (I) 化合物及其醫藥上可接受之鹽之醫藥組成物，以及它們的用途及製備。
Patent TW-202322828-A (TW)
Inventor: ROSSI JOHN M
IPC: A61K35/17
Filed: 2019-04-12
Abstract: 本發明提供治療惡性腫瘤之方法，其包含投與有效劑量之經嵌合受體(例如CAR或TCR)基因改造之T細胞免疫療法。本發明之一些態樣係關於表徵預輸注腫瘤微環境及測定T細胞免疫療法之有效劑量的方法。
Patent TW-202323239-A (TW)
Inventor: MAKINO MASAOMI
IPC: C07C251/66
Filed: 2022-11-03
Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention provides: a curable composition comprising a radical polymerization initiator represented by formula 1 and a radically polymerizable compound; a method for producing a cured product of the curable composition; a method for producing a cured product using the curable composition; a film; an optical device; an image sensor; a solid-state imaging device or an image display device; or a novel radical polymerization initiator. In formula 1, Ar1 and Ar2 each independently represent an aromatic group, L11 represents a single bond, L12 represents a divalent linking group, R11, R12, and R15 each independently represent a substituent, R13 and R14 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, X1 represents a single bond, O, S, or NR16, R16 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and Y1 represents a single bond or a carbonyl group.
Patent TW-202322840-A (TW)
Title: Steamed Glycyrrhiza sp extract with increased Glycyrrhetinic acid contents and preparation method thereof
Inventor: LEE GWANG-JIN
IPC: A61K36/484
Filed: 2022-12-06
Abstract: Provided are a composition including a steamed Glycyrrhiza sp. extract with increased glycyrrhetinic acid contents as an active ingredient, a method of improving the skin, the method including the step of applying or administering the composition to an individual, a method of preparing the composition, and a Glycyrrhiza sp. extract prepared by way of the method. The present invention has excellent antioxidant, whitening, anti-inflammatory, skin revitalization, and regeneration effects, and is thereby used as a cosmetic composition, a food composition, or a quasi-drug composition that is safe for the skin while having an excellent effect of improving skin conditions.
Patent TW-202327054-A (TW)
Inventor: HSU CHIA-JUNG
IPC: H01L27/11563
Filed: 2022-12-12
Abstract: 一種電荷捕捉式非揮發性記憶體的記憶胞，包括：一半導體基板、一井區、一第一摻雜區、一第二摻雜區、一閘極結構、一保護層、一電荷捕捉層、一介電層、一第一導線與一第二導線。第一摻雜區與第二摻雜區形成於該井區表面下方。閘極結構形成於該井區表面上方。保護層形成於該井區表面上方。電荷捕捉層覆蓋於該井區表面、該閘極結構與該保護層。介電層覆蓋於該電荷捕捉層。第一導線連接至該第一摻雜區。第二導線連接至該第二摻雜區。
Patent UA-37947-A (UA)
Title: Method for preparation of "zlagoda-spalakh" bitter nastoyka
Filed: 2000-05-05
Abstract: The invention relates to alcohol beverage industry, in particular, to production of bitter nastoykas. It provides for water treatment, preparation of assortment, aqueous-alcoholic nastoykas of red and black pepper, blending of nastoyka, bringing of a blend to strength, introduction of red cayenne into a bottle and bottling. 1
Patent UA-44027-A (UA)
Filed: 2001-02-06
Abstract: A proposed method of selection of potato tubers resistant to dry fusarial mould involving preparation of the inoculum, artificial infection of potato samples, incubation of the samples in a special chamber for 4 weeks, and visual assessment of the resulting mater
Patent UA-45046-A (UA)
Filed: 2001-04-11
Abstract: The technique of anti-reflux ureter neoimplantation in case of obstructive ureterohydronephrosis consists in separation of the distal end of the ureter from the bladder, resection of the stenotic segments and reconstruction of the suprastenotic segments with further neoimplantation of the ureter end into bladder through the new route with fixation of the new ostium to the mucosa and all the layers of the surface plate of Lieutaud's triangle at the previous place. In addition the middle part of the surface plate of Lieutaud's triangle is resected in the edge-like manner with further suturing of its lateral parts along the middle line.
Patent UA-44110-A (UA)
Inventor: SARANA OLEKSANDR MYKOLAIOVYCH
Filed: 2001-05-04
Abstract: The device for evaluation of material thermoresisting properties under effect of combustible liquids contains measuring, processing and thermal units. The latter includes a device for control over temperature and point of destruction as well as a device for setting boundary conditions. This device consists of a dosimeter, ignitron, and appliance for sample mounting. The dosimeter is made in the form of hollow cylinder with a lower base having a conical hole, which is covered by an exhaust valve with the use of a return spring. The valve is made in the form of a rod the lower end of which is in correspondence with the shape and size of the dosimeter, and the upper end is joined with an electromagnet under control of the processing unit.
Patent UA-56808-A (UA)
Title: Trough
Filed: 2002-09-19
Abstract: Trough has bearing structure arranged as rectangular support plate with adjoining it side rectangular walls; each of those forms with support plate right dihedral angle. At that, to support plate are joined two adjoining walls fixed to each other with the side parts. .
Patent UA-60174-A (UA)
Title: Powder antifriction material on the basis of aluminum
Inventor: KOMNATSKYI OLEKSANDR LEONIDOVYCH
Filed: 2003-02-20
Abstract: Powder antifriction material on the basis of aluminum includes silicon, copper, magnesium, zinc, tin, manganese, chromium, nickel, sodium, iron, and additionally includes titanium.
Patent RS-20060039-A (RS)
Title: Use of aromatic compounds as safeners
Inventor: BICKERS UDO
IPC: A01N47/36
Filed: 2004-07-23
Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula (I) or to the salts thereof, wherein R1 is carboxy or carboxyl group derivatives, preferably a group of formula -CN, -C(=X)-Y-R or -C(=X)-Het, wherein X is O, S or NRa or N-NRaRb, Y is O, S, NRc or NRc-NRdRe, R is H, hydrocarbon group (KW) (subst.) or acyl and Het is an aliphatic N-heterocycle, in which each group Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd and Re is defined as R or a group of formula OR*, wherein R* is defined as R, R2 is H or KW (subst) or a heterocyclic group or an acyl group when Z = O or S, (R3 )n is n R3 groups, such as defined in claim 1, Z is a group of formula O or S(O)x, wherein x = 0, 1 or 2 and n is a whole number 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. The inventive compounds are used as safeners for cultivated or useful plans for protecting them against phytotoxic effects of agriculture chemicals, preferably as safeners against pesticide and herbicide effects on said plants.
Patent AP-1716-A (AP)
Title: Free flowing powder containing encapsulated food additive particles comprising an inorganic, porous core and a hydrophobic outer coating.
Inventor: KUMAR KARTIK
IPC: A23L27/40
Filed: 2002-03-08
Granted: 2007-01-26
Abstract: The invention provides a substantially encapsulated food additive particle comprising: a) an inorganic, porous core in which one or more water-soluble functional ingredients are impregnated, and b) a hydrophobic, water-insoluble outer coating having a melting point of greater than lOOoC and comprising one or more multivalent metal salts of fatty acids of chain length not less than 8.The particles exhibit good resistance to degradation in food articles, upon storage and during cooking but breakdown after consumption to make the functional ingredients bio-available to the body. A method of making the particles and food articles comprising the same are also provided.
Patent EC-SP11011498-A (EC)
Title: Dispositivo transportador de planchas planas de cartón en máquinas formadoras de cajas de cartón
Inventor: BOIX JAEN JOSE
IPC: B65G21/14
Filed: 2011-12-01
Abstract: Comprende un cargador de arrastre horizontal (1) donde se apoyan en una zona inicial unas planchas de cartón (12) apiladas para ser arrastradas mediante unos empujadores transversales (13) hasta una estación de conformado (14) de cajas de cartón (23), estando solidarizados dichos empujadores transversales (13) a una cadena lateral (2) acoplada en unos piñones extremos (3) conectados a unos ejes transversales (4-4'). Se caracteriza porque el cargador de arrastre horizontal (1) es regulable en dirección longitudinal, pudiendo así variar la distancia entre los ejes transversales (4-4'), incorporándose para ello un mecanismo tractor (8) desplazable verticalmente, que cuenta con un mecanismo de embrague (20) a través del cual se transmite el movimiento a un conjunto de rueda dentada mayor (17) y a un encoder (16) dispuesto coaxialmente con dicha rueda dentada mayor (17), sin perder nunca la relación entre el citado encoder (16) y el respectivo empujador transversal (13).
Patent EC-SP11011549-A (EC)
Title: Aparato y metodo para mejorar el suelo
Inventor: MAHER STEPHEN A
IPC: E02D3/02
Filed: 2011-12-22
Abstract: Un aparato y método para mejorar el suelo que incluye un dispositivo que tiene una pluralidad de dientes que se extienden hacia abajo desde la placa superior de manera de lograr el desplazamiento del material de tierra hacia abajo y hacia fuera Radialmente. El dispositivo es accionado mecánicamente en el suelo para lograr profundidades predeterminadas de penetración por los dientes. El dispositivo se retrae e hinca repetidamente para lograr la densificación. Opcionalmente, los hoyos hechos por el dispositivo se pueden rellenar con material fluido.
Patent EC-SP12012288-A (EC)
Title: Heterociclilbencilpirazoles sustituidos y uso de los mismos
Inventor: ELLINGHAUS PETET
IPC: C07D413/14
Filed: 2012-11-08
Abstract: La presente solicitud se refiere a derivados de 1-[3-(heterociclil)bencil]-1H-pirazol novedosos, a procedimientos para su preparación, a su uso para el tratamiento y/o la prevención de enfermedades y a su uso para la producción de medicamentos para el tratamiento y/o la prevención de enfermedades, más particularmente para el tratamiento y/o la prevención de enfermedades hiperproliferativas y angiogénicas y las enfermedades que se originan de la adaptación metabólica a estados hipóxicos. Tales tratamientos se pueden llevar a cabo en forma de monoterapia o también en combinación con otros medicamentos o medidas terapéuticas adicionales.
Patent EC-SP13012379-A (EC)
Title: Pirimidinas y triazinas condensadas y su uso
Inventor: STASCH JOHANNES PETER
IPC: C07D487/04
Filed: 2013-01-09
Abstract: La presente solicitud se refiere a pirimidinas y triazinas condensadas, a procesos para su preparación, a su uso solas o en combinaciones para el tratamiento y/o la prevención de enfermedades y a su uso para preparar medicamentos para el tratamiento y/o la prevención de enfermedades, en particular para el tratamiento y/o la prevención de trastornos cardiovasculares.
Patent GB-189700326-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Pianos.
Inventor: LORRAIN JAMES GRIEVE
Filed: 1897-01-05
Granted: 1898-01-01
Abstract: 326. Lorrain, J. G., [Conover, J. F.]. Jan. 5. Pianofortes.-The vertical string plate or frame A is cast in one piece with a flange K, the braces being curved and comparatively thin in order that they may yield under the strain of cooling. The keys C pass beneath the string plate, and are connected through the action D with the hammers D'. The sounding- board E lies wholly above the keys and covers the principal part of the frame, to which it is marginally secured. The strings E<2> are secured to the hitch bars E<3>, and pass downwards over the vibrating bridges H and H', respectively, secured to the sounding-board E, over the stationary bridge H<3>, a part of the frame A, and are secured to the wrest plank J.
Patent GB-189702195-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Apparatus employed in the Manufacture of Paving Bricks or Tiles.
Inventor: SUART ALFRED
Filed: 1897-01-27
Granted: 1898-01-27
Abstract: 2195. Suart, A., and Robertson, G. W. Jan. 27. Moulding paving bricks and tiles.-The moulds a are fitted with loose bottoms b and covers c, and are provided with pawls d for keeping the covers in place until the material has set. Several moulds may be arranged one above the other under a press, and, after locking the covers down over the pressed bricks, the pressure can be taken off and the filled moulds removed. To eject the bricks, the moulds are inverted, and the loose bottoms are forced downwards. The pawls are retracted by arms d<2>, which come in contact with the table when the moulds are inverted. In a modification, the pawls are connected by a diagonal link, and one of the arms is dispensed with.
Patent GB-189710149-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Stoves and Fireplaces.
Inventor: MARIENFELDT FRANZ
Filed: 1897-04-23
Granted: 1897-05-29
Abstract: 10,149. Marienfeldt, F. April 23. Slow-combustion stoves.-The fuel is fed into the chamber A by a door in the upper part of the chamber provided with an airregulating rosette. After the fuel is ignited, the similar rosette in the front of the ashpan is closed, and air is admitted only at this point, the lower door for access to the grate K being also hermetically closed. The smoke &c. passes through the opening h, down a back flue to the ashpan, which is provided with a back aperture i, and then up through the grate bars K and side grates p to the side flues m. Passing upwards as shown by the arrows, the hot gases traverse ascendi n g and descending flues formed b y a central partition in the ornamental casting B before reaching the chimney. The doors d are secured to the stove front by means of hinged bolts u passing through forked pieces j formed on the door, as seen in Fig. 5.
Patent GB-189722863-A (GB)
Title: Improved Antipuncturing Covers for Pneumatic Tyres for Cycles and similar Vehicles.
Inventor: SCHIOENNING JULIUS MARINUS ELE
Filed: 1897-10-05
Granted: 1898-01-29
Abstract: 22,863. Schl÷nning, J. M. E., and ArvÚ, C. G. C. Oct. 5. Tyres, pneumatic, preventing puncture in. The tyre cover consists of two india - rubber covers a, b of semicircular or circular section, cemented on a suitable lining. The lining may be composed of parallel threads extending either across or aslant the length of the ring. The two separate parts of the cover are united at the edges upon the same wires, or secured in any other way to the wheel rim, but are separate at the middle. The same construction may be used in a single tube of circular cross-section, by making it in two separate layers. If the outer layer of this cover be punctured, the inner layer will yield and thereby prevent puncture of the air tube.
Patent GB-189724492-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to Hosiery and Knitted Fabrics.
Inventor: PADMORE GEORGE
Filed: 1897-10-22
Granted: 1898-09-10
Abstract: 24,492. Padmore, G. Oct. 22. Knitting.-Hose, gloves, shirts, pants, vests, cardigans, jackets, &c. have patches B knitted on them, at required places, by any circular or straight bar machine which can be made to reciprocate. At the place where the patch is to be made, long-footed and shortfooted needles E, F are arranged alternately or otherwise. The ordinary thread A<1> is knitted in the long-footed needles and the extra or thickening-thread in the others. The draw cam has sliding parts D<1>, D<2>, which, in the position shown, delay the draw on the shortfooted needles which miss the ordinary thread and knit the thickening- thread. The cams are set by moving levers H connected by pins H' with the parts D<1>, D<2>. When the cams are set so that the edges D3, D<4> coincide, ordinary work is produced on all needles. Two clearing-cams G, G<1>, alternately thrown into work. or a single clearing-cam G, Fig. 5, between a halved compound draw cam D<7>, D<8>, may be used. The thickening- thread zig-zags as shown in Fig. 1. Long and short - latched needles may be used, and the threads fed at different heights.
Patent GB-189729776-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to Pneumatic Tyres for the Wheels of Cycles and other Vehicles.
Inventor: BUNTING STUART
Filed: 1897-12-16
Granted: 1898-12-03
Abstract: 29,776. Bunting, S. Dec. 16. Tyres, pneumatic, attaching to rim. A plan of the attachment, when in the tightened position, is shown in Fig. 2, and an elevation in the released position in Fig. 3. One end b of the attaching- band B overlaps the other end b<1>, and slides in a recess formed by a plate C and strips c. One arm A' of a toggle-joint is hinged to the end b<1> and the other arm A is connected, by the piece a which slides in a slot in the end b<1>, with the end b so that straightening the toggle-joint by pressure tightens the band. The band is locked in its tightened position by means of a spring-plate D which is fixed to the end b<1> and carries a stud d having an enlarged head d' adapted to take in the keyhole slot b<3> in the end b. The spring-plate may be replaced by a pivoted spring catch, and the band B may be adjusted in length by means of the slots e and the projections e<1>. The band B, which may Le replaced by wire, may be employed to attach any form of tyre. TLe Provisional Specification states that the edges of the tyre may be made zig-zag to interlock, or endless zig-zag metal bands may be embedded in the edges.
Patent GB-189730232-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Suspending Devices for Pictures and other Articles.
Inventor: WALTERS THOMAS ASH
Filed: 1897-12-21
Granted: 1898-03-26
Abstract: 30,232. Walters, T. A. Dec. 21. Pictures &c., hanging on walls.-A plate a fixed to the wall &c. has inclined projecting parts b, b<1> with turned-over edges b<2>, b<3> between which fits the strip c', having an enlargement c<2>, fixed to the picture &c. In Fig. 5, the part c<3> fits between the inclines, and the whole suspender is hidden.
Patent GB-189800138-A (GB)
Title: An Improved Band or Strip for Fancy Embroidery.
Inventor: HERRMANN SIMON
Filed: 1898-01-03
Granted: 1898-02-26
Abstract: 138. Herrmann, S. Jan. 3. Braid.-A strip of fabric folded and sewn down the middle, as shown in section, is used as a braid for embroidering.