baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent MY-141773-A (MY)
Title: (methylsulfonyl)phenyl-2-(5h)-furanones as cox-2 inhibitors
Inventor: BELLEY MICHEL
IPC: C07D407/12
Filed: 1996-10-08
Abstract: THE INVENTION ENCOMPASSES THE NOVEL COMPOUND OF FORMULA I USEFUL IN THE TREATMENT OF CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 MEDIATED DISEASES. (FORMULA 1)THE INVENTION ALSO ENCOMPASSES CERTAIN PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS FOR TREATMENT OF CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 MEDIATED DISEASES COMPRISING COMPOUNDS OF FORMULA I.
Patent MY-118874-A (MY)
Title: Time-shifted conditional access
Inventor: KAMPERMAN FRANCISCUS L A J
IPC: H04H20/76
Filed: 1996-10-30
Abstract: IN A CONDITIONAL ACCESS SYSTEM, TRANSMITTED INFORMATION IS RECORDED IN A SCRAMBLED FORM SV. ACCORDINGLY, ANY ACCESS TO THE RECORDED INFORMATION SV IS SUBJECT TO THE CONDITION THAT PROPER CONTROL WORD(S) CW ARE AVAILABLE. TO ENABLE ACCESS TO THE RECORDED INFORMATION SV, CONTROL WORD REGENERATION DATA ECM, KRD IS STORED. THE PROPER CONTROL WORD(S) CW CANNOT EASILY BE DERIVED FROM THIS CONTROL WORD REGENERATION DATA ECM, KRD. HOWEVER SECURITY DEVICE SCD IS CAPABLE OF RETRIEVING THE PROPER CONTROL WORD(S) CW FROM THE CONTROL WORD REGENERATION DATA ECM, KRD. A SYSTEM OPERATOR EFFECTIVELY MASTERS OPERATIONS CARRIED OUT IN THE SECURITY DEVICE SCD. ACCORDINGLY, IF THE SYSTEM OPERATOR SO DESIRES, HE MAY INHIBIT RETRIEVAL OF THE CONTROL WORD(S) CW AND, CONSEQUENTLY, PREVENT ACCESS TO THE RECORDED INFORMATION SV. THE CONDITIONAL ACCESS SYSTEM MAY BE USED IN, FOR EXAMPLE, PAY-TV OR MULTIMEDIA PURPOSES.FIGURE 1
Patent MY-116840-A (MY)
Title: Composition for inoculating low sulphur grey iron
Inventor: BUTLER DAVID RICHARD
IPC: C22C37/04
Filed: 1997-01-07
Abstract: A COMPOSITION FOR INOCULATING GREY IRON, PARTICULARLY LOW SULPHUR GREY IRON, COMPRISES BY WEIGHT: -RARE EARTH1.0 - 4.0400237C8REFERABLY 1.5 - 2.5 STRONTIUM0.5 - 1.5400237C8REFERABLY0.7 - 1.0 CALCIUM1.5 MAXIMUM PREFERABLY0.5MAXIMUM ALUMINIUM 2.0MAXIMUM PREFERABLY 0.5MAXIMUM SILICON 40.0 - 80.0 40024108REFERABLY70.0 - 75.0 IRON BALANCE. THE COMPOSITION IS MOST PREFERABLY FREE OF CALCIUM AND ALUMINIUM. THE RARE EARTH MAY BE CERIUM, MISCHMETALL OR A MIXTURE OF CERIUM AND OTHER RARE EARTHS. THE COMPOSITION MAY BE A MIXTURE OF FERROSILICON AND THE OTHER CONSTITUENTS, A FERROSILICON ALLOY CONTAINING THE OTHER CONSTITUENTS OR A RARE EARTH AND A SILICON-BEARING INOCULANT CONTAINING STRONTIUM.
Patent MY-133865-A (MY)
Title: Hydrocarbon synthesis using reactor tail gas for catalyst rejuvenation
Inventor: DEGEORGE CHARLES WILLIAM
IPC: C10G2/00
Filed: 1998-04-27
Abstract: HYDROGEN CONTAINING TAIL GAS FROM A HYDROCARBON SYNTHESIS REACTOR IS USED AS A HYDROGEN CONTAINING CATALYST REJUVENATING GAS. IF CO IS PRESENT, THE CO CONTENT, IS LESS THAN 10 MOLE OF THE GAS AND THE H2 TO CO MOLE RATIO IS GREATER THAN 3:1. AT LEAST A PORTION OF THE WATER AND LIQUID HYDROCARBONS ARE REMOVED FROM THE TAIL GAS, BEFORE IT IS USED TO REJUVENATE THE REVERSIBLY DEACTIVATED CATALYST.
Patent MY-121347-A (MY)
Title: Method and apparatus for automatic channel measurements.
Inventor: HENRY RAYMOND C JR
IPC: H04W48/16
Filed: 1998-08-21
Abstract: A MOBILE STATION FOR MEASURING SIGNAL STRENGTH OF A SET OF CHANNELS INCLUDES A SYNTHESIZER, A CONTROLLER AND A TRANSCEIVER. DURING AN IDLE PERIOD, THE CONTROLLER LOADS CHANNEL DATA OF THE SET OF THE SET OF CHANNELS CONTAINED INTO A MEMORY BLOCK IN THE SYNTHESIZER. THE SYNTHESIZER AUTOMATICALLY SELECTS THE CHANNEL DATA FOR EACH CHANNEL STORED IN THE MEMORY BLOCK AND GENERATES A FREQUENCY SIGNAL CORRESPONDING TO THE SELECTED CHANNEL DATA. THE TRANSCEIVER MEASURES THE SIGNAL STRENGTH DATA OF THE SELECTED CHANNEL DATA AND STORES THE SIGNAL STRENGTH DATA IN A BUFFER. ONCE THE SIGNAL STRENGTH DATA FOR THE ENTIRE SET OF CHANNELS HAS BEEN MEASURED AND STORED IN THE BUFFER, THE TRANSCEIVER TRANSMITS THE SIGNAL STRENGTH DATA TO THE CONTROLLER. THE SET OF CHANNELS MAY INCLUDE A SET OF CHANNELS FROM A NEIGHBOR CELL LIST OR MEASUREMENT ORDER TRANSMITTED BY THE RADIO BASE STATION. THE SET OF CHANNELS MAY ALSO INCLUDE A SET OF CONTROL CHANNELS THAT THE MOBILE STATION MEASURES AT POWER-UP.
Patent MY-123156-A (MY)
Title: Catalyst carrier arrangement for installation close to the engine
Inventor: HELMUT HOLPP
IPC: F01N13/18
Filed: 1998-09-02
Abstract: THE SUBJECT MATTER OF THE PATENT APPLICATION RELATES TO A CATALYST CARRIER ARRANGEMENT HAVING A HOUSING (1) IN WHICH A CATALYST CARRIER BODY (4) IS ARRANGED. THE CATALYST CARRIER BODY (4) HAS A MULTIPLICITY OF PASSAGES WHICH ARE SEPARATED FROM ONE ANOTHER BY PARTITIONS (7) AND EXTEND IN AN AXIAL DIRECTION OF THE CATALYST CARRIER BODY (4). THE HOUSING (1) EXTENDS AT LEAST PARTIALLY IN THE AXIAL DIRECTION OF THE CATALYST CARRIER BODY (4). THE HOUSING (1) HAS AT LEAST ONE COLLAR (5) WHICH IS DIRECTED ESSENTIALLY RADIALLY OUTWARDS AND AT LEAST PARTIALLY SURROUNDS THE CATALYST CARRIER BODY (4). THE COLLAR (5) CAN BE ARRANGED BETWEEN A CYLINDER HEAD (16) AND A MANIFOLD (20) OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. THE DESIGN OF THE CATALYST CARRIER ARRANGEMENT ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION ALLOWS A CATALYST CARRIER BODY TO INSTALLED CLOSE TO THE ENGINE.
Patent MY-118161-A (MY)
Title: Enhanced domain name service using a most frequently used domain names table and a validity code table
Inventor: HUITEMA CHRISTIAN
IPC: H04L12/56
Filed: 1998-11-19
Abstract: A SYSTEM PREFETCHES MOST FREQUENTLY USED DOMAIN NAMES AND STORES THE DOMAIN NAME DATA AT LOCAL CACHE SERVERS (310). IT GENERATES VALIDITY CODES TO ENABLE ERROR CHECKING FOR VALID DOMAIN NAMES AT THE LOCAL CACHE SERVERS (310) WITHOUT ACCESSING ROOT SERVERS (130). A CACHE SERVER (340) OBTAINS, STORES, AND PROPAGATES UPDATES OR NEW DNS DATA TO LOCAL CACHE SERVERS (310) AT PREDETERMINED INTERVALS. USERS CAN OBTAIN INTERNET PROTOCOL ADDRESSES OF DOMAIN NAMES DIRECTLY FROM LOCAL CACHE SERVERS (310), THUS ELIMINATING PROCESSING DELAYS OVER THE INTERNET. (FIGURE 5)
Patent NI-200700279-A (NI)
Title: Composiciones pesticidas
Inventor: ZEUN RONALD
IPC: A01N43/653
Filed: 2007-11-01
Abstract: Un método para controlar o prevenir el daño causado por patógenos o el daño causado por pestes en un material de propagación de planta, una planta, partes de una planta y/u órganos de planta que crecen en un punto en el tiempo posterior, que comprende aplicar sobre la planta, parte de la planta, o sus alrededores, una combinación pesticida que comprende, por ejemplo, al menos tres componentes de ingredientes activos opcionalmente junto con uno o más auxiliares de la formulación habituales, donde el componente (I) es uno o más de un fungicida-azol, el componente (II) es uno o más de un fungicida de fenilamida, el componente (III) es uno o más de un fungicida de estrobilurina y/o uno o más de un fungicida de fenilpirrol, en cualquier orden deseado o en formas simultánea.
Patent NI-200900163-A (NI)
Title: Tiazolidinedionas fenoxi sustituidos como estrógenos relacionados a los moduladores del receptor alfa.
Inventor: MICHAEL GAUL
IPC: A61K31/426
Filed: 2009-09-04
Abstract: La pressente invención se refiere a compuestos de la fórmula (I): métodos para preparar estos compuestos, composiciones, intermediarios y derivados de los mismos y para tratar una condición que incluye pero no se limita a espondilitis anquilosante, arteriosclerosis, artritis (tal como artritis reumatoide, artritis infecciosa, artritis juvenil, artritis psoriásica, artritis reactiva), enfermedades relacionadas con los huesos ( que incluye aquellas relacionadas con la formación de los huesos), cáncer de senos ( incluyendo aquellos que no responden a la terápia anti-estrógeno), trastornos cardiovasculares, enfermedades relacionadas con el cartílago ( tales como daño/pérdida de cartílago, degeneración del cartílago, y aquellas relacionadas con la formación del cartílago), condrodisplasia, condrosarcoma, lesiones crónicas de la espalda, bronquitis crónica, enfermedad crónica inflamatoriade las vías respiratorias, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, diabetes, trastornos de la homeoestasis de energía, la gota, seudogota, trastornos de lípidos, síndrome metabólico, mieloma múltiple, obesidad, osteoartritis, osteogénesis imperfecta, metástasis óseas osteolíticas, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, enfermedad de paget, enfermedad periodontal, polimialgia reumática, síndrome de Reiter, lesiones por esfuerzo repetitivo, hiperglucemia, nivel elevado de glucosa en la sangre, y resistencia a la insulina.
Patent NI-201100024-A (NI)
Title: [ 4 - ( 5 - aminometil - 2 - fluoro - fenil ) - piperidin -1- il ] - [ 17-fluor0 - 1 - (2 - metoxi - etil ) - 4 - trifluorometoxi - 1h - indol - 3 - il] - metanona como un inhibidor de la triptasa de mastocitos.
Inventor: YONG MI CHOI-SLEDESKI
IPC: C07D401/06
Filed: 2011-01-21
Abstract: La presente invención se refiere a un compuesto de indol bencilamina útil como un inhibidor de triptasa. Además, la presente invención se refiere al uso del compuesto para tratar a un paciente que padece, o es propenso a padecer, una afección fisiológica que necesita mejorarse por la inhibición de triptasa, que comprende administrar al paciente una cantidad terapéuticamente eficaz del compuesto. Además, la presente invención se refiere a una composición farmacéutica que comprende una cantidad farmacéuticamente eficaz del compuesto de fórmula I, y un vehículo farmacéuticamente aceptable.
Patent SI-22719-A (SI)
Title: Device for heating water featuring a multisensor-based microprocessor switch
Inventor: SMRKE ALBIN
IPC: F24C7/00
Filed: 2008-01-14
Abstract: The device for automatic energy control by way of a multisensor-based microprocessor switch consists of a container for water, a heater and multisensor-based microprocessor switch. The switch is equipped with several different sensors, while featuring at least one temperature sensor and one audio sensor. The operation of the switch is enabled by an algorithm, which disconnects the energy supply for heating water at a point, which is defined by temperature and acoustic parameters so that the supply of excessive energy is prevented. It also features a switchable selection knob, which enables the selection of various water heating systems. The suggested device successfully solves the problem of energy control without any unnecessary heat losses and introduces fast digital technique also to devices, where so far only slow switches have been applied.
Patent SI-23290-A (SI)
Title: New forms of ivabradine hydrochloride
Inventor: KOTAR-JORDAN BERTA
IPC: A61K31/00
Filed: 2011-02-11
Abstract: The submitted invention relates to new crystal forms of ivabradine hydrochloride and to pharmaceutical preparations, prepared thereof.
Patent SI-25187-A (SI)
Inventor: BREZOVNIK SIMON
IPC: H05B6/00
Filed: 2016-04-20
Abstract: Gospodinjski aparat, ki obsega vsaj eno električno komponento, ki generira elektromagnetno valovanje, in vsaj en konstrukcijski element, ki ima takšne snovno-geometrijske lastnosti, da je odziven na elektromagnetno valovanje s premikanjem zlasti v frekvenci elektromagnetnega valovanja, pri čemer je med omenjeno električno komponento, ki je vir elektromagnetnega valovanja, in omenjeni konstrukcijski element razporejen zaslonski element.
Patent TW-201138924-A (TW)
Title: Removal of pathological albumin from a subject's plasma
Inventor: NOSE YUKIHIKO
IPC: C07K1/36
Filed: 2011-01-21
Abstract: In some embodiments, the present invention provides methods of removing pathological albumin from a subject's plasma. Such methods generally comprise: (1) the addition of an anti-coagulating agent to the subject's plasma, where the anti-coagulating agent associates with the pathological albumin to form a cryo-reactive albumin; (2) separating the subject's plasma from the subject's blood to form a plasma solution; (3) cooling the plasma solution to a temperature sufficient to form cryoaggregates and cryogels that comprise cryo-reactive albumins; and (4) filtering the cooled down plasma solution through a plasma fractionation filter membrane. In various embodiments, the methods of the present invention also comprise a step of (5) warming the plasma solution to a temperature higher than about 35 DEG C, where the warming occurs before re-infusion. In various embodiments, the methods of the present invention also comprise a hemodialysis step. Various other embodiments of the present invention pertain to systems for removing pathological albumin from a subject's plasma in accordance with the methods of the present invention.
Patent TW-201136897-A (TW)
Title: New crystalline form of a cyclopropyl benzamide derivative
Inventor: UCZYNSKI MICHAEL A
IPC: A61P25/00
Filed: 2011-02-17
Abstract: The present invention relates to a crystalline form of compound (I), 4-{(1S, 2S)-2-[(4-cyclobutylpiperazin-1-yl)carbonyl]-cyclopropyl}-benzamide, pharmaceutical formulations containing said compound and to the use of said active compound in therapy.
Patent TW-201209392-A (TW)
Title: Inspecting apparatus and inspection method
Inventor: MIYATA MASAHIRO
IPC: G06T7/00
Filed: 2011-03-01
Abstract: An inspecting apparatus includes a first light receiving sensor that senses an image of a surface of the wafer incident from the microscope, and that acquires first inspection image data of the surface of the wafer. The inspecting apparatus includes a second light receiving sensor that corrects a focusing position to focus on a reference position of an upper portion of a bump formed on the surface of the wafer, with respect to an image incident from the microscope, that senses an image of the bump incident from the microscope, and that acquires second inspection image data of the bump. The inspecting apparatus includes a first image processing unit that compares the first inspection image data acquired by the first light receiving sensor with previously acquired first reference image data, and that detects a defect of the surface of the wafer on the basis of the comparison result. The inspecting apparatus includes a second image processing unit that compares the second inspection image data acquired by the second light receiving sensor with previously acquired second reference image data, and that detects a defect of the bump on the basis of the comparison result.
Patent TW-201237283-A (TW)
Title: Rapid combination bolt structure and its installation-disassembly tool
Inventor: Chen bing-song
IPC: F16B19/02
Filed: 2011-03-11
Abstract: The present invention relates to a rapid combination bolt structure and its installation-disassembly tool, wherein the rapid combination bolt structure comprises: a bolt, including a rod with a first protrusion edge, and the lateral side of the push portion of the rod includes a row of engaging tooth; a sleeve, including a hollow tube with a second protrusion edge and its inner hole includes an elastic second locking portion to lock the engaging teeth of the bolt body; a decorative cover, including a notch having a second recess portion disposed around the inner periphery of the notch. In addition, the installation-disassembly tool includes a hook unit, a pull-tight unit and a cutting unit, which can be used as auxiliary tool for said rapid combination bolt for enhancing convenience of the present invention.
Patent TW-201200034-A (TW)
Title: Methods for delaying the onset and/or reducing the severity of metabolic syndrome
Inventor: GAHLER ROLAND
IPC: A23L1/308
Filed: 2011-03-14
Abstract: The present invention provides dietary supplements, medical foods, and methods effective to delay the onset, slow the progression, and/or ameliorate at least one of the symptoms of a metabolic disease or disorder, such as metabolic syndrome, type I diabetes, type II diabetes, pancreatic disease, and/or hyperlipidemia.
Patent TW-201239209-A (TW)
Title: Fixing mechanism for fixing a component
Inventor: LIANG CHEN-YI
IPC: H05K7/14
Filed: 2011-03-25
Abstract: The present invention relates to a fixing mechanism for fixing a component. The fixing mechanism includes a base, a lateral wall disposed on the base, and a top plate connected to the lateral wall. A containing space is formed between the base, the lateral wall, and the top plate. The top plate presses against the component in a first direction and the lateral wall abuts against the component laterally when the component is contained inside the containing space. The fixing mechanism further includes at least one hook. The hook includes a cantilever portion and a hooking portion. The cantilever portion is disposed on a side of the base, and a distance between the cantilever portion and the base is greater than a distance between the top plate and the base. The hooking portion engages with a lateral surface of the component in a second direction when the component is contained inside the containing space.
Patent TW-201238759-A (TW)
Title: Thermo-pressed cushioning support device
Inventor: CHEN FU-CHIENG
IPC: B32B37/06
Filed: 2011-03-30
Abstract: A thermo-pressed cushioning support device includes a topping sheet of cushioning material, a substrate sheet of cushioning material and at least a padding attached between the topping sheet of cushioning material and the substrate sheet of cushioning material. The padding undergoes an external force pressing treatment along with the topping sheet and the substrate sheet in a high temperature condition, melting and mating the topping and the substrate sheets into one entity. The heat treatment creates thermo-binding lines or regions of geometric patterns on the topping sheet, and also internal pockets within the topping sheet, where the padding is enclosed in such a way to provide impact reducing and shape modeling effects intended for the present invention. Embodiments of the thermo-pressed cushioning support, such as seat cushion, back cushion, couch cushion, or mattress topper, provide benefits to the user' s body that include reduced anxiety, decreased perception of impact force, and collision prevention.
Patent TW-201203697-A (TW)
Title: Antenna device and communication device
Inventor: ORIHARA KATSUHISA
IPC: H01Q1/24
Filed: 2011-03-31
Abstract: Disclosed is a communication device, with which the size and the thickness of the housing of an electronic device can be reduced when the communication device is incorporated in the electronic device, while maintaining communication characteristics. The communication device is provided with: an antenna coil (11a), which is disposed on the outer circumferential portion (134) of the housing (131) surface that faces the reader writer (120) in a cellular phone (130); a magnetic sheet (13) which leads, to an antenna coil (11a), a magnetic field transmitted from the reader writer (120); and a communication processing section (12), which is driven by a current that flows in the antenna coil (11a), and communicates with the reader writer (120). On the center portion (132a), the magnetic sheet (13) is disposed closer to the reader writer (120) side than the antenna coil (11a), and on the outer periphery (130d) side, the antenna coil (11a) is disposed on the reader writer (120) side.
Patent TW-201142496-A (TW)
Title: Radiation-sensitive resin composition and polymer
Inventor: HORI MASAFUMI
IPC: G03F7/004
Filed: 2011-03-31
Abstract: Disclosed are: a radiation-sensitive resin composition which can fulfill various requirements such as the reduction in CDU (CD uniformity) and MEEF (mask error enhanced factor) during the formation of a hole pattern; and a polymer for use in the composition. Specifically disclosed are: a polymer which has a repeating unit having a specific structure and containing an adamantane structure and a repeating unit having a specific structure and containing a cycloalkane structure; and a radiation-sensitive resin composition containing the polymer.
Patent TW-201207351-A (TW)
Title: A heat exchanger plate and a plate heat exchanger
Inventor: ROMLUND JENS
IPC: F28F3/04
Filed: 2011-05-13
Abstract: A plate heat exchanger comprises several heat exchanger plates (1) provided beside each other, which form first plate interspaces(3) and second plate interspaces (4) in an alternating order. Every second heat exchanger plate forms a. primary plate (1') and every second a secondary plate (1''). Each heat exchanger plate extends in an extension plane (p) and comprises a heat transfer area and an edge area around the heat transfer area. The heat transfer area comprises a corrugation of ridges (30) and valleys (40), which each extends in a longitudinal direction. The ridges have two edge surfaces (31, 32) and a support surface (33) between the edge surfaces and with a first width (34) transversally to the longitudinal direction. The valleys have two edge surfaces (41, 42) and a support surface (43) between the edge surfaces and with a second width (44) transversally to the longitudinal direction. The support surface of the valleys of the primary plates slopes in relation to the extension plane and the support surface of the ridges of the secondary plates slopes in relation to the extension plane.
Patent TW-201246014-A (TW)
Title: Expandable keyboard device
Inventor: WU WEN-CHIN
IPC: H05K7/14
Filed: 2011-05-13
Abstract: An expandable keyboard device comprises a keyboard, a supporting board assembly, a connector and a connecting unit. The keyboard includes a housing and a plurality of keys. The supporting board assembly includes a first board and a second board connected to the first board. An electronic device is coupled to the second board. The supporting board assembly is operable relative to the keyboard in an unfolded status and a folded status. In the unfolded status, the first board supports the electronic device to face upwardly relative to the keyboard so that the electronic device leans against the keyboard with a display surface thereofof facing forward. In the folded status, the supporting board assembly and the electronic device cover the keyboard. The connector is provided for plugging in the electronic device when the electronic device leans against the keyboard. The connecting unit is connected to the supporting board assembly and the housing. The supporting board assembly is operable relative to the keyboard through the connecting unit.
Patent TW-201246630-A (TW)
Title: LED optical reflection structure with the circuit board
Inventor: Wang jia-zhong
IPC: H01L33/60
Filed: 2011-05-13
Abstract: An LED optical reflection structure with a circuit board, comprises a substrate; a LED disposed on the substrate; a circuit board combined on the substrate and located at the periphery of the LED, and connecting the LED and the circuit board ; a frame combined on the circuit board; a metal reflection layer at least coated on the circuit board and the frame inside and corresponding to the LED; and a fluorescent layer filled in the circuit board and the frame and closed the LED. Thereby, due to the coordination of the fluorescent layer and the metal reflective layer, to increase the LED optical stability and brightness increase, the purpose of application widely achievable, easy to manufacture, not easily changing color of light and higher Luminous efficiency and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
Patent TW-201248221-A (TW)
Title: Display and light guide thereof
Inventor: Fan chen-wei
IPC: G02F1/1335
Filed: 2011-05-16
Abstract: A light guide includes a light guiding layer, a reflective layer and an intermediary layer. The light guiding layer includes a first top surface and a first bottom surface. A light guiding layer micro-structure is formed on the first top surface. The light guiding layer has a light guiding layer refractive index. The reflective layer includes a second top surface and a second bottom surface. A reflective layer micro-structure is formed on the second bottom surface. The reflective layer has a reflective layer refractive index. The intermediary layer is sandwiched between the light guiding layer and the reflective layer, and contacts the first bottom surface and the second top surface. The intermediary layer has a intermediary layer refractive index. The intermediary layer refractive index is smaller than the light guiding layer refractive index and the reflective layer refractive index.