Patent GB-630286-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of peroxides
IPC: C07C409/10
Filed: 1947-04-01
Abstract: Isopropyl benzene peroxide is prepared by contacting isopropyl benzene with oxygen or gases containing oxygen in the liquid phase, in the absence of heavy metal oxidation catalysts at 70-150 DEG  C. and adding fresh isopropyl benzene continuously or intermittently as the reaction proceeds.  In preferred modifications fresh isopropyl benzene which is preferably freed from styrene compounds is fed in at more than twice or even three or four times the rate at which the oxidation proceeds and an equal volume of reaction mixture is withdrawn, thus the peroxide concentration in the reaction mixture never exceeds 50 per cent and is preferably less than 25 per cent. Small amounts of alkali may advantageously be present.  The oxygen-containing gas is preferably richer in oxygen than is air and may advantageously contain ozone.  The reaction may be assisted by short-wave irradiation.  The reaction may be carried out in a heterogeneous liquid phase obtained by mixing the isopropyl benzene with an immiscible diluent, e.g. water or in a homogeneous phase.  In the heteregenous phase reaction oxygen is preferably introduced into an oil in water dispersion prepared for example by the addition of sodium ricinoleate or lauryl sulphate, and isopropyl benzene together with the aqueous phase is fed in as reaction proceeds suitably in the form of an oil in water dispersion.  Suitable conditions are a temperature of 80-120 DEG  C. and a pH of 7.5-10.5. The liquid mixture withdrawn from the reactor is allowed to separate and the aqueous phase may with advantage be reused for the oil in water dispersion.  In the homogeneous liquid phase the preferred temperature is between 115 DEG  and 150 DEG  C., especially from 120 DEG  to 140 DEG  C.  In order to obtain the highest efficiency the reaction is stopped before the rate of oxygen absorption reaches a maximum.  The addition of alkali to give an increased rate of reaction may conveniently be made in the form of a small quantity of a concentrated aqueous solution.  The reaction may be carried out batch-wise, in a series of reactors or continuously in a reaction tower.  In examples (1) and (2) oxygen is passed into isopropyl benzene dispersed in an aqueous solution containing small amounts of sodium carbonate and sodium stearate and after several hours fresh reaction mixture is introduced and emulsified reaction product containing peroxide is withdrawn; (3) oxygen is passed into isopropyl benzene in a reaction vessel and the product which is displaced by the addition of fresh reaction mixture, is passed to a second reaction vessel where further treatment with oxygen takes place, giving a product containing an increased concentration of peroxide; (4) the oxidation is performed with continuous addition of fresh isopropyl benzene both with and without pretreatment to remove styrene and the product is continuously removed and (5) oxygen is passed into an aqueous dispersion of isopropyl benzene, the product is withdrawn, separated and the aqueous phase returned to the reactor. Specification 610,293 is referred to.  The second Provisional Specification includes examples wherein single batches of isopropyl benzene are oxididised without the addition of further quantities of isopropyl benzene during the reaction.