Patent GB-746386-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for stretching webs
IPC: D06Q1/00
Filed: 1953-07-16
Abstract: <FORM:0746386/IV(a)/1> <FORM:0746386/IV(a)/2> An apparatus for stretching a thermoplastic film having beaded or thickened edges comprises a pair of feed rollers and a pair of outlet rollers between which the film travels continuously, a drive mechanism for rotating the feed and outlet rollers at different peripheral speeds, and two spaced-apart rows of pairs of idler rollers for gripping the film edges, the pairs of idler rollers being disposed on opposite sides of the centre of the path of the film between the feed and outlet rollers, one roller of each pair being disposed adjacent to each surface of the film and the idler rollers being adapted to cause the film edges to follow a predetermined path.  As shown, a polyethylene terephthalate film which may be coated, as described in Specifications 654,342 and 718, 422, with vinylidene chloride copolymer is fed to feed rollers 2, 21 either from a supply roll, an extrusion device or a treating apparatus wherein the coating is applied.  The rollers 2, 21 are driven by a belt 6 through a reduction gear 8 and a variable speed drive 9 from a driven shaft 14. The shaft 14 drives a second variable speed drive 15 which drives outlet rollers 21, 212.  By varying the ratio of the speed of rollers 2, 22 with respect to rollers 21, 211 the degree of longitudinal stretch or shrinkage imparted to the film may be controlled; this ratio may vary, during stretching, between 1 to 1.5 to 1 to 4.  A frame 1 has walls 43, 44 which form separate chambers, the temperatures of which are regulated.  The first chamber is heated by an infra-red radiation unit 45, while the second chamber is heated by air circulated, by a fan 46, through steam-heating coils 49.  The third chamber is cooled by an air duct 53.  The film 23, Fig. 4, has thickened edges 231 engaged by a row of inclined rollers 24 rotatably mounted in U-shaped brackets 26 carried by rails 28, 281, and 2811, Fig. 1.  The rails 28, 2811 are parallel to the centre line of the film, while the rails 281 diverge in the direction of film travel to stretch the film laterally.  Rails 281, 2811 are connected to adjusting rods 33 carrying pistons 36 slidable in cylinders 37 of a hydraulic jack having fluid connections 38.  The rear ends of the rails 2811 are provided with adjusting screws 40 passing through threaded holes in the frame 1.  In a modification (Fig. 5, not shown) the edges of the film are turned around inclined rollers and engaged by further inclined rollers.  The temperature of each beaded edge is preferably maintained below that of the central part of the film by a tube 72, Fig. 1, carrying cooling fluid, e.g. water or ethylene glycol.  In a further embodiment (Fig. 2, not shown) the film is stretched laterally by diverging chains passing around sprockets and carrying pins, clamps or grippers which engage the selvedges, means being provided for opening and closing the clamps or grippers at the appropriate time.  The film is maintained between 80 DEG  and 100 DEG C. during this stretching.  In one example, a film of polyethylene terephthalate, having a cross-section as in Fig. 6 (not shown), is stretched in the apparatus described with reference to Fig. 1, the initial and final film widths being 4.25 and 12.75 inches respectively, and the thicknesses 0.036 and 0.004 inches respectively.  The beaded edge has a thickness of 0.110 inches and width of 0.125 inches.  The film is stretched while passing over the unit 45 at 60 inches per minute, thus heating the film to between 85 DEG  and 95 DEG  C.  The temperature is maintained in this range during stretching by hot air from the fan 46.  The final chamber, beyond wall 44, is maintained at about 50 DEG  C.  The rollers 21, 211 deliver the film at 180 inches per minute. Other films that may be stretched include cellulose esters or ethers; resins and superpolymers, including nylon; rubber hydrochloride; polyesters from glycols and aliphatic dibasic acids, and polyesteramides; these films may be coated, e.g. with thin layers including vinylidene chloride copolymers. Specifications 578,079 and 617,129 also are referred to.