Patent GB-411893-A (GB)
Title: A process for improving hydrocarbon mixtures, in particular lubricating oils
IPC: C10G47/00
Filed: 1932-12-12
Abstract: Liquid and solid hydrocarbon mixtures, especially lubricating oils, are improved by adding thereto products of lubricating oil character which are obtained by destructive hydrogenation at temperatures above 300 DEG  C. of polymerization products of unsaturated hydrocarbons capable of forming polymeric homologous series of compounds or products obtained therefrom by isomerization.  The products subjected to the destructive hydrogenation include rubber, cyclo-rubber, polymerization products of butadiene and other diolefines or of olefines such as butylene, isobutylene or styrene, or natural or artificial resins. The hydrogenation is generally not carried so far that large amounts of substances having a molecular weight below 500 are formed, and may be effected at 300--450 DEG  C. and at a pressure above 20 atmospheres.  Catalysts promoting destructive hydrogenation may be used, e.g. metal oxides and sulphides especially of metals of the fifth to the eighth groups and more particularly of the sixth group, alone or in admixture with compounds of zinc, magnesium, aluminium or titanium.  The metal compounds may be arranged on carriers such as silica, bauxite, diatomite, pumice stone, or clay sherds.  Halogens or their compounds or volatile acids may also be employed, if desired in admixture with the metal compounds.  The products when added to oils of low viscosity such as spindle or machine oils increase the viscosity and the viscosity index without causing thickening of the oils when in use.  When the products are added to lubricating oils containing paraffin wax, substances which lower the setting point such as those obtained according to Specification 349,071, or obtained by subjecting soft or hard paraffin wax or other waxy substances to the action of silent electric discharges may also be added.  The products may be added to benzines to act as surface lubricants and to increase viscosity, and to solid hydrocarbon mixtures such as solid paraffin wax to reduce brittleness.  The additions are in amounts of 0,1 to 15 per cent, preferably 1--10 per cent.  In an example, raw rubber is dissolved in cyclohexane, 5 per cent of tungsten sulphide is added as catalyst, and then the solution is heated for 2 hours to 315 DEG  C. with hydrogen at an initial pressure of 150 atmospheres.  After cooling and releasing the pressure the catalyst is removed by filtration and the solvent by distillation and the product added to a machine oil. Manila copal is similarly treated, but the hydrogenation is at 325 DEG  C. Specification 379,717 also is referred to.ALSO:Products of lubricating - oil character for addition to liquid and solid hydrocarbon mixtures especially lubricating oils are obtained by destructive hydrogenation at temperatures above 300 DEG C. of polymerisation products of unsaturated hydrocarbons capable of forming polymeric homologous series or products obtained therefrom by isomerisation.  The products subjected to the destructive hydrogenation include rubber, cyclo-rubber, polymerisation products of butadiene and other diolefines or of olefines such as butylene, isobutylene or styrene, or natural or artificial resins. The hydrogenation is generally effected so as to prevent formation of large amounts of substances having a molecular weight below 500 and may be at 300--450 DEG C. and at a pressure above 20 atmospheres. Catalysts promoting destructive hydrogenation may be used e.g. metal compounds such as oxides and sulphides, especially of metals of the fifth to the eighth groups and more particularly of the sixth group, alone or in admixture with compounds of zinc, magnesium, aluminium or titanium.  The metal compound may be arranged on carriers such as silica, bauxite, diatomite, pumice stone, clay sherds, &c.  Halogens or their compounds or volatile acids may also be used, if desired mixed with metal compounds.  In an example, raw rubber is dissolved in cyclohexane, 5 per cent of tungsten sulphide being added as catalyst, and then heated to 315 DEG C. for 2 hours with hydrogen, at an initial pressure of 150 atmospheres.  After cooling and releasing the pressure the catalyst is removed by filtration and the solvent by distillation and the product is added to a machine oil.  Manila copal is similarly treated but the hydrogenation is at 325 DEG C. Specifications 349,071 and 379,717 are referred to.