Patent GB-363997-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to water-soluble or dispersible synthetic resins and solutions or dispersions thereof
IPC: C08L67/08
Filed: 1930-06-13
Abstract: Polyhydric alcohol-polybasic acid resins are dispersed in water by heating them with an organic or inorganic, preferably water-soluble, base in the presence of water, the base being used in an amount sufficient to neutralize the excess acidity of the resin but insufficient to cause substantial saponification or deresinification of the resin.  Emulsoids such as gum arabic, gum tragacanth and Irish moss, or clays such as bentonite, may be added.  Suitable bases are: ammonia, potassium hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium hydrate, barium hydrate, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, sodium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, hexamethylene tetramine, toluidine and aniline.  The colloid mill may be used in preparing the dispersions.  In examples: (1) a castor oil phthalic glyceride resin is heated with aqueous ammonia; (2) a tallow phthalic glyceride resin is heated in water made slightly alkaline with potassium hydroxide; (3) a cotton seed phthalic glyceride resin is emulsified in concentrated ammonium hydroxide solution.  Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specifications 356,738, [Group IV], and 357,125.ALSO:Water-soluble or dispersible synthetic resins or water solutions or dispersions thereof are made by treating a water-insoluble or indispensible polyhydric alcohol-polybasic acid resin modified or not with monobasic acids or other modifying agents, with an organic or inorganic, preferably water soluble, base in the presence of water, the base being used in an amount sufficient to neutralize the excess acidity of the resin but insufficient to cause substantial saponification or deresinification of the resin.  Emulsoids such as gum arabic, gum tragacanth and Irish moss, or clays such as bentonite, may also be added.  Suitable bases are ammonia, potassium hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium hydrate, barium hydrate, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, sodium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, hexamethylenetetramine, toluidine and aniline.  The initial resins may be those prepared from the following components: polyhydric alcohols: glycerol, dilute, concentrated, crude or refined; polyglycerols, or mixtures of polyglycerols and glycerol; glycols, such as ethylene or propylene glycol, or mixtures of glycols such as those derived from petroleum gases; polyhydric alcohols containing a substituent in the hydroxyl, such as the mono- or dimethyl or propyl ether of glycerol or the monoethyl ether of ethylene glycol; glycol ethers, i.e. inter-ethers formed by condensation of two or more molecules of a glycol, e.g. dihydroxy diethyl ether and dihydroxytriethyl ether produced by condensation of two and three molecules respectively of ethylene glycol; chlorhydrins or other halohydrins; mannitol; pentaerythritol; polybasic acids (including their anhydrides); phthalic, succinic, malic, citric, malomalic, mucic, maleic, fumaric, tartaric, pyro-tartaric, glutaric, adipic, azelaic, diglycollic, glyoxylic, suberic, camphoric.  There may be added to these a small proportion of fatty acids derived from animal and vegetable fats and oils, especially those containing 16 to 18 carbon atoms in the molecule, but including also the fatty oils of coco nut oil and laurel oil containing lauric acid (12 carbon atoms) and fats and oils containing arachidic, erucic, behenic and similar acids (over 18 carbon atoms).  The glycerides themselves may be employed, but in this case special procedures are necessary, such as the substitution of part of the glycerol with glycol, the use of a mixture of fatty acids with the oil or the use of high boiling solvents.  Fatty acids (or their glycerides) containing one or more hydroxyl groups, and also oxidized fatty acids (blown oils) may be used.  The fatty acids may be those derived from "soap stock" produced in the refining of glycerides, especially vegetable glycerides, which acids may be modified or clarified by vacuum distillation.  Specific resins mentioned are: oleic phthalic glyceride, stearic phthalic glyceride, the corresponding palmitic or palmito-stearic phthalic glycerides, analogous glycol products, benzoic phthalic glyceride, castor oil phthalic gylceride, tallow phthalic glyceride and particularly cottonseed phthalic glyceride. Various natural resins are reactive to form a complex suitable for various coating compositions.  Hard products may be obtained with the aid of some of the copals, such as congo, pontianak copal, or kauri, desirably cracked by heat treatment.  Other resins specified are dammar, sandarac, mastic, elemi, rosin (alone or mixed with other resins) and oxidized rosin (made by exposing pulverized rosin to warm air at a temperature below its melting point or by blowing air through molten rosin in the presence of an oxidizing catalyst).  In some cases a comparatively inert resin such as coumarone resin is incorporated.  The colloid mill may be used in preparing the dispersions.  The products may be used as primers and surfacers for nitrocellulose lacquers on account of their insolubility in the solvents used in such lacquers.  They are also useful in the paper industry, e.g. as surfacing agents to form a glossy transparent finish or one which is pigmented or opaque, in making greaseproof paper, for cementing paper sheets together to produce a thick paper board.  The softer and more sticky resins are suitable for cements or adhesives to prepare ply board, while the harder resins are better adapted for exterior surfacing.  The aqueous dispersions or solutions may be dried out and baked to form an insoluble coating, impregnum, binding or cementing agent. In examples: (1) a resin made by heating castor oil, phthalic anhydride and glycerol is emulsified in aqueous ammonia; the product may be applied by brushing, flowing, spraying or dipping to paper such as heavy kraft paper, a ground wood and sulphite pulp board or a similar board to which paraffin wax has been added in the beater; (2) a resin made by heating animal tallow fatty acids, phthalic anhydride and glycerol is heated in water made slightly alkaline with potassium hydroxide; the resulting milky fluid may be applied to sized paper to produce a transparent glossy surface; (3) cotton-seed phthalic glyceride resin is emulsified in concentrated ammonium hydroxide solution; the product applied to paper gives a grease-repellent surface; by applying a second sheet of paper a product is obtained in which the grease-repellant medium exists as an intermediate layer; the product is also suitable for cementing together a number of sheets of paper to produce a thick paper board, which can be fabricated into containers of any suitable character; (4) a resin made by heating together stearic acid, phthalic anhydride and glycerol is suitable as a starting material. Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specifications 356,738 and 357,125.ALSO:Water-soluble or dispersible synthetic resins or water solutions or dispersions thereof, made by heating a water-insoluble or indispersible polyhydric alcohol-polybasic acid resin with an organic or inorganic base in the presence of water, may be employed as adhesives, e.g. in preparing plywood.  The products derived from the softer and more sticky resins are particularly suitable for this purpose.  Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specifications 356,738 and 357,125, [both in Group IV].