baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent CY-1118407-T1 (CY)
Title: Αντισωματα εξουδετερωσης υποδοχεα προλακτινης και θεραπευτικη χρηση αυτων
Inventor: OTTO CHRISTIANE
IPC: C07K16/28
Filed: 2017-01-10
Abstract: Η παρούσα εφεύρεση κατευθύνεται προς το αντίσωμα εξουδετέρωσης του υποδοχέα προλακτίνης 006-Η08, καθώς και ώριμες μορφές αυτού, και θραύσματα δέσμευσης αντιγόνου, φαρμακευτικές συνθέσεις που τα περιέχουν και την χρήση τους στην θεραπευτική αγωγή ή πρόληψη καλοηθών διαταραχών και ενδείξεων που μεσολαβούνται από τον υποδοχέα προλακτίνης, όπως ενδομητρίωση, αδενομύωση, μη-ορμονική γυναικεία αντισύλληψη, καλοήθης νόσος του μαστού και μασταλγία, αναστολή γαλουχίας, καλοήθης υπερπλασία του προστάτη, ινομυώματα, υπερ- και νορμοπρολακτιναιμική απώλεια μαλλιών και συν-θεραπεία στη συνδυαστική ορμονική θεραπεία για την αναστολή του πολλαπλασιασμού των επιθηλιακών κυττάρων του μαστικού αδένα. Τα αντισώματα της εφεύρεσης παρεμποδίζουν την σηματοδότηση μέσω υποδοχέα προλακτίνης.
Patent CY-1124269-T1 (CY)
Title: Φυτικο εκχυλισμα για την αποτροπη και τη θεραπεια της τριχοπτωσης
Inventor: BENEDUSI ANNA
IPC: A61K36/53
Filed: 2021-06-25
Abstract: H παρούσα εφεύρεση σχετίζεται με τη χρήση ενός φυτικού εκχυλίσματος από το γένος Galeopsis είδος tetrahit ή μια σύνθεση που το περιέχει για τη διέγερση της ανάπτυξης των μαλλιών ή για τη βελτίωση της εμφάνισης ή της πληρότητας των μαλλιών. Η σύνθεση που περιέχει το φυτικό εκχύλισμα εφαρμόζεται τόσο στο καλλυντικό πεδίο όσο και στο ιατρικό-τριχολογικό πεδίο και μπορεί να εφαρμοστεί στο τριχωτό της κεφαλής ή χορηγείται από το στόμα.
Patent CY-1124876-T1 (CY)
Title: Συστηματα και μεθοδοι για την ευσταθεια θεσης πλασματος frc
Inventor: GONZALEZ JESUS ANTONIO ROMERO
IPC: G21B1/05
Filed: 2021-12-08
Abstract: Συστήματα και μέθοδοι τα οποία διευκολύνουν την ευστάθεια ενός πλάσματος FRC τόσο στην ακτινική όσο και στην αξονική κατεύθυνση και τον αξονικό έλεγχο θέσης ενός πλάσματος FRC κατά μήκος του άξονα συμμετρίας ενός θαλάμου πλάσματος FRC. Τα συστήματα και οι μέθοδοι εκμεταλλεύονται ένα αξονικά ασταθές σημείο ισορροπίας του FRC προκειμένου να επιβληθεί ακτινική ευστάθεια, ενώ παράλληλα σταθεροποιείται ή ελέγχεται η αξονική αστάθεια. Τα συστήματα και οι μέθοδοι παρέχουν έλεγχο ανάδρασης της αξονικής θέσης του πλάσματος FRC ανεξάρτητα από τις ιδιότητες ευστάθειας του σημείου ισορροπίας με την επενέργεια επί των τάσεων οι οποίες εφαρμόζονται σε ένα σύνολο εξωτερικών πηνίων, ομόκεντρων με το πλάσμα, και χρησιμοποιώντας μια μέθοδο μη-γραμμικού ελέγχου.
Patent HR-P20110093-T1 (HR)
Inventor: DANCER ROBERT
IPC: C07D307/87
Filed: 2011-02-04
Abstract: Slobodna baza escitaloprama u čvrstom obliku, naznačena time, što sadrži kristalni escitalopram. Patent sadrži još 21 patentni zahtjev.
Patent HR-P20110587-T1 (HR)
Inventor: SCHOUTEN LAURA COOPER
IPC: C12N15/82
Filed: 2011-08-04
Abstract: Molekula nukleinske kiseline, naznačena time, da je odabrana iz skupine koju čine: a)	molekula nukleinske kiseline koja sadrži nukleotidni odsječak SEQID NO: 28, 30, 32 ili 34; i, b)	molekula nukleinske kiseline koja kodira polipeptid koji sadrži aminokiselinski odsječak SEQ ID NO: 29, 31, 33 ili 35. Patent sadrži još 15 patentnih zahtjeva.
Patent HR-P20110933-T1 (HR)
Title: Long-life probiotic food product
Inventor: VRIES YNTE PIET DE
IPC: A23L29/00
Filed: 2011-12-13
Abstract: Disclosed is a food product such as a dairy product or fruit product of long-life nature (i.e. it can be stored non-refrigerated for an extended period of time) and that provides probiotic activity to the consumer. The latter is done by the inclusion of spores of probiotic bacteria. The product particularly is selected from the group consisting of dairy products (like e.g. dairy drinks, dairy derived food products and dairy food ingredients), fruit drinks, or concentrates thereof.
Patent HR-P20120605-T1 (HR)
Title: Methods for synthesizing 9-substituted minocycline
Inventor: FARZANEH SEYEDI
IPC: C07C231/12
Filed: 2012-07-23
Abstract: Disclosed are methods for synthesizing a 7-, 9- and/or 10-substituted tetracycline compound of formula I comprising: 
a) reacting a reactive tetracycline intermediate under appropriate conditions with carbon monoxide, a palladium catalyst, a phosphine ligand, a silane and a base to generate a 7-,9- and/or 10-carboxaldehyde substituted tetracycline compound; and 
b) reacting said 7-, 9- and/or 10-carboxaldehyde substituted tetracycline compound from step a) under palladium catalyzed coupling conditions, hydrogenolysis conditions or reductive amination conditions to generate said 7-, 9- and/or 10-substituted tetracycline compound of formula I.
Patent SI-1173194-T1 (SI)
Title: Recombinant sp-a for the treatment or prevention of pulmonary infection and inflammation
Inventor: MELCHERS KLAUS
IPC: A61P31/04
Filed: 2000-01-18
Abstract: Recombinant surfactant protein A and pharmaceutical compositions based thereon are useful for the prevention or treatment of pulmonary infection and inflammation.
Patent SI-1575383-T1 (SI)
Title: A moist snuff composition comprising at least one thickening agent and a method for its manufacture
Inventor: LUNDIN JORGEN
IPC: A24B13/00
Filed: 2003-12-19
Abstract: The present invention provides according to a first aspect a moist snuff composition comprising at least one thickening agent. According to a second aspect of the invention a method for manufacturing a composition according to the first aspect is provided.
Patent SI-1626925-T1 (SI)
Title: A method for dispensing a beverage and devices therefor
Inventor: RASMUSSEN JAN NOERAGER
IPC: B67D1/00
Filed: 2004-05-06
Abstract: A method for producing a beverage dispenser comprising providing a beverage container (2), providing a base unit (3), said base unit being provided with a dispensing tube (10) with a dispensing valve (30) provided at a free end of the dispensing tube, said dispensing valve (30) being adapted for placement in a dispensing tap (4) adapted to open and close the dispensing valve, filling the container (2) with beverage, and connecting the base unit (3) and the container such that once the base unit has been secured to the container it cannot be removed without damaging the container (2) and/or the base unit (3).
Patent SI-1708679-T1 (SI)
Title: Pharmaceutical spray formulation comprising a hydro fluor alkane and an acylated cyclodextrin
Inventor: ROGUEDA PHILIPPE
IPC: A61K31/00
Filed: 2004-11-24
Abstract: Novel Formulations Partially and fully acylated cyclodextrins have been found to be soluble in HFA propellants, and therefore can be used to formulate stable HFA pMDIs both as suspensions and solutions.
Patent SI-1965801-T1 (SI)
Title: Combination of azd2171 and pemetrexed
Inventor: WEDGE STEPHEN ROBERT
IPC: A61K31/517
Filed: 2006-12-19
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the production of an antiangiogenic and/or vascular permeability reducing effect in a warm-blooded animal such as a human which is optionally being treated with ionising radiation, particularly a method for the treatment of a cancer, particularly a cancer involving a solid tumour, which comprises the administration of AZD2171 in combination with pemetrexed; to a pharmaceutical composition comprising AZD2171 and pemetrexed; to a combination product comprising AZD2171 and pemetrexed for use in a method of treatment of a human or animal body by therapy; to a kit comprising AZD2171 and pemetrexed; to the use of AZD2171 and pemetrexed in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the production of an antiangiogenic and/or vascular permeability reducing effect in a warm-blooded animal such as a human which is optionally being treated with ionising radiation.
Patent SI-1858186-T1 (SI)
Title: Radio receiver apparatus and radio transmitter apparatus
Inventor: MIYOSHI KENICHI MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC IND CO LTD
IPC: H04L27/00
Filed: 2006-03-10
Abstract: A radio receiver apparatus that can effectively utilize GI to improve the reception quality. In this apparatus, a data extracting part (104) extracts a data portion of a direct wave from a signal subjected to a radio reception process by a received RF part (102). A GI extracting part (107) extracts, from the signal subjected to the radio reception process by the received RF part (102), GI having a length determined by an extracted GI length deciding part (106). The extracted GI is adjusted by a data position adjusting part (108) such that its rear end coincides with the read end of the extracted data portion. A combining part (109) combines the extracted data portion with the GI the data position of which has been adjusted. The combined signal is then supplied to a frequency axis equalizing part (110), which equalizes the signal distortions of the combined signal on the frequency axis.
Patent SI-2641337-T1 (SI)
Title: System for failsafe and redundant transmission of complex data
Inventor: FUCHS CLAUS
IPC: H04W12/00
Filed: 2011-04-14
Abstract: The invention relates to a system for failsafe and redundant transmission of complex data, particularly control data, audio and/or video data, between a fixed, central control unit (ZK) and a component for safety control (KS) for a moving transport unit (F) via a wireless communication system. In this case, access points (ZP1, ZP2, ZP3) for the wireless communication system (FN) are provided along a path of movement (FS) for the transport unit (F). For communication with the access points (ZP1, ZP2, ZP3), the transport unit (F) has at least two transmission modules (A1, A2). For the parallel transmission of the data between the central control unit (ZK) and the at least two transmission modules (A1, A2), two separate transmission channels (UK1, UK2) in the communication system (FN) are used, with each one of the at least two separate transmission channels (UK1, UK2) being associated with one of the at least two transmission modules (A1, A2). The at least two transmission modules (A1, A2) are then coupled to the component for safety control (KS) for the transport unit (F) by means of a respective coupling module (K1, K2). The use of two separate transmission channels (UK1, UK2) and of coupling modules (K1, K2) for physically separating communication elements in the transport unit (F) provides a simple way of ensuring failsafe and redundant transmission of complex data, such as control data, audio and/or video data, etc.
Patent TR-200904606-T1 (TR)
Title: Bir cihaz için karton taban
Inventor: MUYSKENS DAVID B
IPC: A47B91/00
Filed: 2008-01-21
Abstract: Büyük bir ev cihazı gibi bir nesnenin desteklenmesi için bir kağıt taban (10) sunulmustur . Taban (10) oluklu levhadan yapılan üst ve alt tepsilerin (16, 12) arasına sıkıstırılan ve tam olarak onlarla birlikte uzayan bir petek seklindeki ara tabakayı (14)  içerir . Bir platform (30) bir çamasır makinesinin motorunu ya da baska bir nesneyi desteklemek için üst tepsinin (16) üzerine monte edilebilir .
Patent DE-3751936-T2 (DE)
Inventor: GANSOW OTTO A
IPC: C07C211/15
Filed: 1987-09-04
Granted: 1997-04-03
Abstract: New polysubstituted diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid chelates and protein conjugates of the same are described together with the methods of preparing such compounds. A method of delivering radiolabelled compound of the present invention to a target site while minimizing the distribution of the compound to non-targeted organs or tissues is also disclosed.
Patent DE-3851948-T2 (DE)
Inventor: CULLING JOHN
IPC: C22C30/00
Filed: 1988-06-28
Granted: 1995-02-23
Abstract: The alloys of this invention are of low strategic element content, non-magnetic, resistant to chloride-containing solutions as well as a wide range of other chemical agents, air-meltable, castable, of greatly improved fabricability and weldability, and consist by weight percentages of from about 20.5% to about 35.5% by weight Ni, from about 23.5% to about 27.5% by weight Cr, from about 4.0% to about 6.7% by weight Mo, from about 0.7% to about 3.6% by weight Cu, up to about 0.09% by weight C, up to about 1.5% by weight Si, up to about 5% by weight Co, up to about 0.45% by weight N, up to about 1% by weight Ti, up to about 0.8% by weight Cb, and up to about 0.3% by weight Ce, La or Misch metal, up to about 2% by weight Mn, up to about 1.6% by weight Ta, and the balance essentially iron The combined content by weight of Ni plus Co is at least about 25.5% by weight and exceeds the weight content of Cr by at least 2% but by not more than 8%.
Patent DE-3852588-T2 (DE)
Inventor: JAMES STEPHEN
IPC: C07K19/00
Filed: 1988-08-11
Granted: 1995-05-11
Abstract: A peptide having primary structural homology to a continuous sequesnce of amino acid residues of bovine growth hormone in the region spanning positions 1 to 18, or positions 55 to 72, or positions 97-110 or positions 122-138 thereof or antigenically equivalent peptides thereto or salts thereof. The peptide is preferably selected from the following peptides:     (a) 122-138   (b) 119-131   (c) 130-143   (d) 123-137   (e) 133-146 wherein each may be bovine, ovine, porcine, avian or salmon, or salts of any of these. The peptide may be administered to vertebrates in antigenic formulations in order to enhance growth or (in mammals) lactation.
Patent DE-3852910-T2 (DE)
Inventor: ROSS RANDALL R
IPC: G11B7/243
Filed: 1988-05-24
Granted: 1995-07-06
Abstract: A method and apparatus for direct, single beam, overwrite of new data over existing date in a phase change optical data storage device; wherein memory cell material is heated and cooled at different rates so that it crystallizes or vitrifies depending upon the temperature to which adjacent heat sink material has been heated at the same time.
Patent DE-3853165-T2 (DE)
Inventor: HANGEY DALE
IPC: D06M101/16
Filed: 1988-04-06
Granted: 1995-07-27
Abstract: This invention relates to improved methods to enhance stain resistance of dyed nylon carpet fiber by a continuous aftertreatment and to two-step processes, either batch-batch, batch-continuous or continuous-continuous. After preheating with water and extracting to a wet pick-up of between 30 to 190 % by weight, sulfonated aromatic condensates which can be combined with fluorocarbon compounds for soil resistance, thiocyanates, and/or salts having divalent cations, such as magnesium sulfate are applied. Also various dispersing agents, buffering acids and sequestering agents are disclosed.
Patent DE-3871953-T2 (DE)
Inventor: JOURDAIN PHILIPPE
IPC: E04B1/20
Filed: 1988-10-14
Granted: 1992-12-24
Abstract: Structure consisting of prefabricated posts (20), of self-supporting floor elements (300) made from thin plates, with incorporated beams, and of a suitable crossbracing system; all these elements being joined together by means of a complementary filling concrete (2) cast over the floor elements (300). <IMAGE>
Patent TR-199900211-T2 (TR)
Inventor: DROGEMOLLER MONICA LUCIE
IPC: A61P17/02
Filed: 1997-07-29
Abstract: Mupirosin ve klorheksidin'den olusan eczacilikla ilgili bilesimler topikal (deri üzerinde) bakteriyal enfeksiyonlarin özellikle de enfeksiyonlu yanik yaralanmalarinin tedavisinde kullanilmaktadir.
Patent TR-199900852-T2 (TR)
Inventor: BAILLELY GERARD MARCEL
IPC: C11D1/62
Filed: 1997-10-02
Abstract: Bu bulus bir amilolitik enzimi ve R1R2R3R4N+X- formülünün bir ya da daha çok katyonik sürfaktanini ihtiva eden deterjan bilesimleri ya da bilesenlerine iliskindir, bu formülde, R1, 6'dan fazla olmayan karbon atomuna sahip olan bir hidroksialkil grubudur; her R2 ve R3, bagimsiz olarak C1-4 alkil ya da alkenilden seçilmektedir; R4, bir C5-11 alkil ya da alkenildir; ve X- bir karsi iyondur.
Patent TR-199900952-T2 (TR)
Inventor: BERGER KENNETH R
IPC: B29C49/06
Filed: 1997-10-28
Abstract: Tüp biçimli kaplar enjeksiyon/germe/kalipta sisirme islemleriyle üretilebilir. Bu islemler tüp biçimli kabin ön-hamurunun iki eksende gerilmesini içerir. Ön-hamur, bir germe çubugu vasitasiyla boylamasina, tüpü sisiren bir gazin basinci vasitasiyla yanlamasina gerilir. Bu islemlerle üretilen tüp biçimli kaplarin patlama mukavemeti, diger tüp biçimli kaplarininkinin 3 ila 5 misli kadardir ve ince duvarli çökebilir formda üretilebilir. Ayrica tüp biçimli kaplar tek veya çok hazneli kaplar olabilir.
Patent TR-199900996-T2 (TR)
Inventor: KREMER HUBERT
IPC: D02H3/00
Filed: 1997-11-06
Abstract: Iplikleri (10) bant halinde bir sarma kampanasina (11) dolayan bir konik sarma makinasiyla sarmak için yöntem olup, bu makinede bir iplik yönlendirme taragi için dolama kalinligi arttiça ve önceden belirlenmis sarma datalarina göre sarma kampanasina (11) izafi olarak bir ön itme hareket cihazinca parelel olarak itilen bir destek (12) vardir, ilk bant bir ölçme süresince bir vals (15) tarafindan bastirma gücü altinda yoklanip yoklanan degisim yolu sarma kampanasinin (11) devir sayisina bagli olarak degerlendirilip vals ölçme süresi sonunda sonraki dolamada ölçme süresinde elde edilen bir ortalama deger oraninda geriye alinir ve yumaga basinç uygular. Yumak yapisinin esit kalmasini saglamak için, valsin yumaga uyguladigi basinç ölçüm süreci ve/veya sonraki dolama veya kopyalama sirasinda ölçüm teknigi yöntemleriyle sürekli olarak kontrol edilmekte kontrol degerinin önceden belirlenmis bir zorunlu degerden sapmasi halinde destek ön itmesinin bir düzeltilmesi yapilmaktadir.
Patent TR-199902347-T2 (TR)
Inventor: BEER RICHARD
IPC: A23G9/48
Filed: 1997-07-23
Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the production of two-component ice cream, in which a core of ice cream, the surface of which is cooled to at least about -15° C., is dipped into a fat-containing coating solution, in order to form a coating layer, and to the two-component ice cream which can be obtained with the method. Thereby, the fat content of the coating solution should be at least about 10%.
Patent DE-60002581-T2 (DE)
Inventor: WEIDNER SLOTH
IPC: A61K36/28
Filed: 2000-07-10
Granted: 2004-03-25
Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising an extract or a concentrate of Butyrospermum parkii as a dietary supplement or a pharmaceutical composition and to the use of such compositions for the preparation of a medicament or a dietary supplement for the suppression of hypersensitivity and/or inflammatory reaction. The composition may optionally be formulated with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for systemic or topical administration. More specifically, the invention relates to a dietary supplement or a pharmaceutical composition comprising an extract or a concentrate of Butyrospermum parkii, wherein said extract or concentrate contains Butyrospermum-triterpenes and optionally the sterols stigmasterol, avanasterol, 24-methyl-cholest-7-enol, karitesterol A, karitesterol B and  alpha -spinasterol.
Patent DE-60005010-T2 (DE)
Inventor: HYATT L
IPC: B21K5/16
Filed: 2000-06-29
Granted: 2004-06-17
Abstract: A method of making a recess in a drive socket and the like includes forming a groove to extend along a face of an elongated drive opening in a metal workpiece from one end of its drive opening, moving material from the surface of the groove to increase its depth from its outer end along only a portion of its length and gathering the material so moved from the groove surface to form a ledge between ends of the groove, whereby a recess is defined by the groove extending beyond the ledge. In addition, a female drive device for socket wrenches and the like is disclosed having an elongated drive opening, a groove longitudinally extending from one end of the drive opening along a face of the drive opening, and a ledge between ends of the groove. The ledge protrudes radially inwardly such that a recess is defined by the groove extending beyond the ledge for retaining a male drive member.
Patent DE-60005347-T2 (DE)
Inventor: ELEMANS FRANCISCUS
IPC: B41C1/14
Filed: 2000-05-19
Granted: 2004-07-15
Abstract: A method for producing a printing forme with printing openings which define an image which is to be printed comprises the steps of determining the contours of the image which is to be printed, positioning contour printing openings in accordance with the determined contours on the contour lines or at a predetermined, fixed distance therefrom, in a preform of the printing forme. If desired, additional printing openings may be provided within the area which is delimited by the contour printing openings. When a printing forme which has been produced in this way is used, a very sharply defined image is printed.
Patent DE-60006795-T2 (DE)
Inventor: ACCIARI GIUSEPPE
IPC: B65H19/12
Filed: 2000-04-10
Granted: 2004-05-27
Abstract: A description is given of a device for preparing winding mandrels for winding machines or the like, comprising, in combination: an extraction station (9) with an extractor mechanism for extracting a mandrel from one or more rolls of web material and for inserting the extracted mandrel into a tube (T); a cutting station (11) with cutting means (71) for cutting the tube (T) fitted on the mandrel into a set of tubular cores aligned on said mandrel; an insertion station (13) with insertion members (127) for inserting the mandrel with the tubular cores into a winding machine or the like.
Patent DE-60013609-T2 (DE)
Inventor: FALLON VINCENT
IPC: A42B3/32
Filed: 2000-03-24
Granted: 2005-09-15
Abstract: A folding safety helmet intended primarily for use by a cyclist has a top panel (10) and a pair of similar side panels (11, 12), each panel (10, 11, 12) being made of a plastics material. Each side panel (11, 12) is separately pivoted at its two ends to the end regions (16, 17) of the top panel (10) and a pair of straps (13, 14) is arranged to limit the relative separation of the side panels with respect to the top panel. The side panels (11, 12) may be moved between an opened-out configuration where the helmet is ready for wear, and a folded position where the majority of the side panels lies within the confines of the top panel (10), so greatly reducing the volume of the helmet and facilitating its storage when not in use.
Patent DE-60014193-T2 (DE)
Inventor: MATSUMOTO SHUZO
IPC: H01R12/70
Filed: 2000-06-21
Granted: 2006-02-23
Abstract: Disclosed is a rubber-based tubular circuit connector comprising; (A) an elongated tubular body of an electrically insulating rubber as a core tube; and (B1) a multiplicity of ring-formed contacting layers of a metal formed on an d around the core tube as arranged in the axial direction of the core tube at a regular pitch, each of the ring-formed contacting layers being electrically insulated from the adjacent cladding layer with intervention of (B2) a ring-formed coating layer of a polysilane compound on and around the surface of the core tube. The rubber-based tubular connector is prepared by (a) forming a coating layer of a polysilane compound on the whole outer surface of an elongated tubular body of an electrically insulating rubber; (b) irradiating the coating layer of a polysilane compound with ultraviolet light on a multiplicity of ring-formed areas arranged at a regular pitch in such a dose that the polysilane compound is converted into silica; and (c) forming a multiplicity of ring-formed plating layers of gold to serve as the contacting layer on the ultraviolet-irradiated ring-formed areas of the tubular body. <IMAGE> <IMAGE> <IMAGE> <IMAGE> <IMAGE> <IMAGE>
Patent DE-60024994-T2 (DE)
Inventor: CINQUIN PHILIPPE
IPC: A61B19/00
Filed: 2000-07-13
Granted: 2006-09-07
Abstract: A remotely controllable system for positioning on a patient an observation and/or intervention device, including a frame to which the device is bound with a number of degrees of freedom; flexible connection means, each of which is arranged between the frame and a point attached to the patient's support or to the patient himself; remotely controlled means for modifying the length/tension of the binding means; and means for remotely observing the device behavior.
Patent DE-60025766-T2 (DE)
Inventor: RUSSEL PHILIP ST JOHN
IPC: C03B37/012
Filed: 2000-02-18
Granted: 2006-10-12
Abstract: A photonic crystal fibre comprising a bulk material having an arrangement of longitudinal holes (130,140) and a guiding core (135), wherein the fibre has at-most-two-fold rotational symmetry about a longitudinal axis and as a result of that lack of symmetry, the fibre is birefringent. <IMAGE>