baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent DE-112008001402-B4 (DE)
Title: Verfahren zur Herstellung eines flammhemmenden silanvernetzten Olefinharzes und eines isolierten Drahts
Inventor: INAGAKI TOMONORI
IPC: H01B13/14
Filed: 2008-05-30
Granted: 2014-11-20
Abstract: Verfahren zur Herstellung eines flammhemmenden silanvernetzten Olefinharzes, wobei das Verfahren die Schritte umfasst: Kneten und Formen einer Silanpfropfcharge, die ein silangepfropftes Olefinharz enthält, hergestellt durch Pfropfpolymerisation eines Silankopplungsreagens auf ein Olefinharz, die aber kein Metallhydroxid enthaltendes flammhemmendes Mittel enthält, einer Charge mit flammhemmendem Mittel, hergestellt durch Mischen eines Olefinharzes mit einem flammhemmenden Mittel, das ein oder mehrere Metallhydroxide enthält ausgewählt aus Magnesiumhydroxid, Aluminiumhydroxid, Calciumhydroxid, Zirconiumhydroxid und Bariumhydroxid, und einer Katalysatorcharge, hergestellt durch Mischen eines Olefinharzes mit einem Silanvernetzungskatalysator; und Wasservernetzen eines Formteils der Chargen nach dem Schritt des Knetens und Formens, indem dieses Wasserdampf oder Wasser ausgesetzt wird.
Patent DE-112012003494-B4 (DE)
Title: Mundpflegevorrichtung in der Anwendung zur Entfernung von Zahnbelag
Inventor: ADACHI YUMA
IPC: A61C17/22
Filed: 2012-06-07
Granted: 2023-03-30
Abstract: Mundpflegevorrichtung, die aufweist:ein Pflegebauteil (3) zum Pflegen einer Mundhöhle;eine Orientierungsdetektionseinheit (510) zum Detektieren einer Orientierung des Pflegebauteils (3);eine Bereichsschätzeinheit (520) zum Schätzen eines Pflegebereichs in der Mundhöhle auf der Grundlage der detektierten Orientierung;eine Lichtquelle (400), die Licht mit einer vorbestimmten Wellenlänge abstrahlt, auf die Belag reagiert;eine fotoelektrische Umwandlungseinheit (401), die Licht empfängt und das empfangene Licht in ein elektrisches Signal umwandelt;eine Bilderfassungseinheit (530), die die Lichtquelle (400) veranlasst, den Pflegebereich mit Licht zu bestrahlen, und die auf der Grundlage des elektrischen Signals von vom Pflegebereich reflektiertem Licht, das durch die fotoelektrische Umwandlungseinheit (401) umgewandelt wird, Bilddaten erhält;eine Belagdetektionseinheit (540) zum Detektieren einer Belagmenge im Pflegebereich auf der Grundlage der durch die Bilderfassungseinheit (530) erhaltenen Bilddaten; undeine Speichereinheit (550) zum in einem Speicher (121) erfolgenden Speichern des durch die Bereichsschätzeinheit (520) geschätzten Pflegebereichs und der durch die Belagdetektionseinheit (540) detektierten Belagmenge im Pflegebereich in Zuordnung zueinander.
Patent DE-112013004362-B4 (DE)
Title: Halbleitervorrichtung
Inventor: HINO SHIRO
IPC: H01L29/06
Filed: 2013-04-11
Granted: 2018-06-21
Abstract: Halbleitervorrichtung, die Folgendes aufweist:
 - eine Driftschicht (20) mit einer ersten Störstellenkonzentration vom ersten Leitfähigkeitstyp;
 - eine Mehrzahl von Wannenbereichen (30), die auf einer Flächenschichtseite der Driftschicht (20) voneinander beabstandet angeordnet sind und eine zweite Störstellenkonzentration vom zweiten Leitfähigkeitstyp aufweisen;
 - eine Schottky-Elektrode (75), die auf einer Fläche der Driftschicht (20) vorgesehen ist und elektrisch mit einer ohmschen Source-Elektrode (70) verbunden ist; und
 - einen ersten Bereich, der im unteren Teil der Schottky-Elektrode (75) zwischen den Wannenbereichen (30) vorgesehen ist, die aneinander angrenzen, und der eine Störstellenkonzentration vom ersten Leitfähigkeitstyp hat, welche höher ist als die erste Störstellenkonzentration und welche niedriger ist als die zweite Störstellenkonzentration.
Patent DE-112016000973-B4 (DE)
Title: Verbesserte Impulserzeugung zur Untertagevermessung
Inventor: LI PENG
IPC: G01V1/40
Filed: 2016-04-28
Granted: 2018-12-27
Abstract: Verfahren, umfassend:
 Bestimmen einer Frequenzantwort eines abgestimmten Impulses zur Übertragung von einem Übertragungselement;
 Bestimmen einer passenden Frequenzhüllkurve, die einer Frequenzhüllkurve der Frequenzantwort entspricht;
 Bestimmen eines Zeitbereichssignals, das der passenden Frequenzhüllkurve entspricht;
 Bestimmen einer Reihe digitaler Impulse, die dem Zeitbereichssignal entspricht;
 Erzeugen eines Analogausgangs an einem Schaltverstärker, der der Reihe digitaler Impulse entspricht; und
 Erregen eines Übertragungselements mit dem Analogausgang.
Patent DE-112018005397-B4 (DE)
Title: Vorrichtung zur Methan-Synthese
Inventor: SONE YOSHITSUGU
IPC: C25B1/04
Filed: 2018-11-12
Granted: 2022-03-03
Abstract: Methansynthesevorrichtung, umfassend eine Wasserelektrolyseeinheit mit einer wasserstoffseitigen Elektrodenmembran, einer Elektrolytmembran, einer sauerstoffseitigen Elektrodenmembran und einem Wasserversorgungsabschnitt, der flüssiges Wasser von einer beliebigen Seite der wasserstoffseitigen Elektrodenmembran und einer Seite der sauerstoffseitigen Elektrodenmembran einer Oberfläche der Elektrolytmembran zuführt;
 eine Sabatier-Reaktionseinheit, die angrenzend an die wasserstoffseitige Elektrodenmembran der Wasserelektrolyseeinheit vorgesehen ist;
 eine Kohlendioxid-Versorgungseinheit, die kohlendioxidhaltiges Gas an die Sabatier-Reaktionseinheit liefert; und
 eine Wasserstoffgas-Versorgungseinheit, die Wasserstoffgas, das durch Elektrolyse von Wasser in der Wasserelektrolyseeinheit erzeugt wird, der Sabatier-Reaktionseinheit zuführt, wobei
 Methangas wird durch eine Sabatier-Reaktion zwischen dem kohlendioxidhaltigen Gas und dem Wasserstoffgas, das der Sabatier-Reaktionseinheit zugeführt wird, synthetisiert.
Patent DE-112019000348-B4 (DE)
Title: Umprogrammierte t-zellen ähnliche nk-zellen
Inventor: NIAZI KAYVAN
IPC: C07K14/725
Filed: 2019-01-04
Granted: 2021-10-28
Abstract: Gentechnisch erzeugte NK(Natural Killer)-Zelle, umfassend:eine rekombinante Nukleinsäure, die einen Proteinkomplex mit einem α-Kette-T-Zell-Rezeptor, einem β-Kette-T-Zell-Rezeptor, wenigstens einem Teil von CD3δ und wenigstens einem Teil von CD3γ codiert; undwobei wenigstens ein Teil des α-Kette-T-Zell-Rezeptors oder ein β-Kette-T-Zell-Rezeptor spezifisch für ein patienten- oder tumorspezifisches Neoepitop oder ein tumorassoziiertes Antigen ist; undwobei der Teil von CD3γ oder CD3δ ein ITAM (Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-based Activation Motif) umfasst.
Patent CZ-281203-B6 (CZ)
Title: Process for preparing optically active amino acid amides, intermediates therefor and use
Inventor: BOESTEN WILHELMUS HUBERTUS JOS
IPC: C07C231/20
Filed: 1991-02-18
Abstract: A process for the preparation of optically active amino acid amide whereby a mixture of the L-amino and D-amino acid amides in the presence of 0.5-4 equivalents of an aldehyde, relative to the quantity of amino acid amide, in the presence of a solvent and water, is converted in whole or in part by means of an optically active carboxylic acid into a salt of the amino acid amide and the carboxylic acid, and a portion mainly consisting of one of the diastereoisomers of that salt is separated from the reaction mixture obtained. Instead of a mixture of L-amino and D-amino acid amides it is also possible to use a mixture of the Schiff bases of an amino acid amide and an aldehyde, in which case it is not necessary to add extra aldehyde, and the required quantity of water amounts to at least 1 equivalent relative to the quantity of Schiff base. With this process a high yield of optically active amino acid or the corresponding amino acid is rapidly obtained.
Patent CZ-289884-B6 (CZ)
Title: Process for preparing a detergent composition
Inventor: DHALEWADIKAR SHASHANK VAMAN
IPC: C11D11/04
Filed: 1995-07-24
Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a detergent composition in the form of particles having bulk density within the range of 350 to 650 g/l. The invented preparation process is characterized in that the particulate material, formed by a neutralization agent and optionally a builder is supplied to a fluidization zone wherein it is brought into contact with a liquid acid functioning as a precursor of an anionic wetting agent, under at least partial, preferably substantially complete neutralization of this acid as the precursor to form a particulate preparation containing the neutralized acid used as a precursor.
Patent SK-283807-B6 (SK)
Title: Aminothiophene carboxylic acid amides, process for their production, pharmaceutical preparation containing it and use thereof
Inventor: JONAS ROCHUS
IPC: A61P43/00
Filed: 1997-10-08
Abstract: Aminothiophene carboxylic acid amides of formula (I), wherein R1 and R2 are mutually independently H, A, OA, alkenyl, alkinyl, CF3 or Hal, whilst one of the substituents means always different group than H, or they together constitute C3-5alkylene, R3 and R4 are independently H, A, OA, NO2, NH2 or Hal, or they together constitute a group -O-CH2-CH2, -O-CH2-O- or -O-CH2-CH2- O-, A and A' are mutually independently H or C1-6alkyl, R5 is -X-Y, X CO, CS or SO2, Y is unsubstituted or by 1 or 2 groups selected from the set comprising COOH, COOA, CONH2, CONAA', CONHA, CN, NHSO2A, N(SO2A)2 and SO2A substituted saturated or unsaturated 5- or 7-membered isocyclic or heterocyclic ring, Hal is F, Cl, Br or J and n is 0, 1, 2 or 3 and physiologically acceptable salt thereof, except 2-benzoylamino-4,5,6,7- tetrahydobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxylic acid N-phenylamide. The compounds according to the invention demonstrate phosphodiesterase V inhibition and can be used to treat cardiovascular diseases and in therapy for disturbances of potency.
Patent SK-284120-B6 (SK)
Title: Sized glass fibers intended for reinforcing polymers
Inventor: GONTHIER MICHEL
IPC: C03C25/26
Filed: 1997-10-29
Abstract: The said sizing composition, which is obtained in particular from an aqueous solution, comprises as bonding film-forming agents, a combination, of at least one low-molecular-weight polyvinyl acetate A, of at least one thermally self-crosslinking polyvinyl acetate copolymer B, in an A/B weight ratio greater than or equal to 1.
Patent CZ-279460-B6 (CZ)
Title: Heated glass pane
Inventor: POLAT JACQUES ING
IPC: H05B3/84
Filed: 1991-07-02
Abstract: The invention relates to a moulded heating window made up of a curved sheet of glass with electrical wiring. The transparent collecting bands are partly covered with a darker layer of enamel having a greater heat absorption capacity, by which means it is possible, by adjusting the layout of this layer of enamel, to modify the heating of the glass sheet during heating prior to bending and thereby to achieve better control over the bending. The invention is applicable to rear windscreens for cars. <IMAGE>
Patent CZ-279225-B6 (CZ)
Inventor: CERNOCH EDUARD ING
IPC: B62B5/04
Filed: 1992-07-23
Abstract: Rozpínací jednotka sestává z vodícího čepu (1),  na kterém je posuvné pouzdro (5) s ozubeným  hřebenem (6), do nějž zabírá pastorek (8) na  společném hřídeli (9) s rohatkou (10). Dolní  západka (12) zamezuje zpětnému pootáčení rohatky  (10). Horní západka (11) je spojena s ovládací  pákou (14) pro zvedání a spouštění břemene a  manipulaci s pojezdem.ŕ
Patent CZ-287304-B6 (CZ)
Title: Indolopyrrolocarbazoles exhibiting antitumor activity, process of their preparation, intermediate for their preparation and pharmaceutical preparations in which the compounds are comprised
Inventor: KOJIRI KATSUHISA
IPC: A61K31/7056
Filed: 1992-11-27
Abstract: Indolopyrrolocarbazole derivs. of formula (I) are new. In (I) R1, R2 = H, alkyl, alkenyl alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl or hetero (each opt. substd. by 1-5 of carboxy, carbamoyl, sulpho, NH2, CN, mono- and dialkylamino, OH and halo) or a gp. Y-R3; Y = carbonyl, thiocarbonyl of sulphonyl; R3 = H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, hetero (each opt. substd. by 1-4 of halo, OH, carboxyl, CN, alkoxycarbonyl or NH2 and carbamoyl (each opt. substd. by 1-2 alkyl further substd. by halo, OH, NH2, carboxyl, carbamoyl and alkoxycarbonyl)) alkoxy, hydrazino, NH2, arylamino or carbamoyl; or R1 + R2 = alkidine opt. substd. by 1-4 of NH2, mono- or dialkylamino, OH, carboxyl and sulphonyl; or R1 + R2 = combined with the N to which they are attached form a heterocyclic gp. opt. substd. by alkyl further opt. substd. by NH2, Oh, carboxyl and sulpho; G = pentose or hexose; and X1, X2 = H, halo, NH2, mono- or dialkylamino, OH, alkoxy, aralkoxy carboxyl alkoxycarbonyl or alkyl.
Patent CZ-283123-B6 (CZ)
Title: Method and apparatus for transmitting communication signals with multiple access, code separation and spread spectrum
Inventor: GILHOUSEN KLEIN S
IPC: H04L1/06
Filed: 1991-06-21
Abstract: A cell site, comprising: 
means for modulating configured to format digital data for transmission on a communications channel and to insert at least one timing command into the digital data, the digital data comprising a plurality of bits; 
means for transmitting coupled to the means for modulating and configured to receive the digital data from the means for modulating, convert the digital data to analog data, and transmit the analog data on the communications channel; and 
means for receiving configured to receive a signal from at least one remote unit and to determine a timing error of the received signal to be used to generate the timing command in accordance with the timing error, the means for receiving being coupled to the means for modulating and configured to provide the timing command to the means for modulating.
Patent CZ-286114-B6 (CZ)
Title: Rail vehicle with vertical supporting actuator
Inventor: HACHMANN ULRICH DR
IPC: B61F5/14
Filed: 1999-03-25
Abstract: The invented railway vehicle is provided with a vertical supporting actuator (9) with variable length in vertical direction that is placed between a body casing (1) and a bogie frame (4) arranged below it. In order to ensure functionality of a supporting device at simultaneous maintenance of  a running comfort in case of the supporting actuator (9) failure or overload, there is around the supporting  actuator (9) arranged in concentric way an auxiliary spring (12). The auxiliary spring (12) and the supporting  actuator (9) are at one and mounted on the bogie frame (4) and at the region of the  supporting  actuator (9) other end there is fastened on the actuator (4) a bumper (13) and between the bumper (13) and the adjacent end (12.1) of the auxiliary spring (12) there is maintained under operating conditions and even at fully extracted supporting actuator (9) a free space. The auxiliary spring (12) is active only when the actuator (9) lift drops below a predetermined value.
Patent CZ-293850-B6 (CZ)
Title: Propylene polymer composition
Inventor: ROBESON LEROY V
IPC: D03D15/283
Filed: 1994-05-19
Abstract: In the present invention, there is disclosed a propylene polymer composition consisting essentially of (A) a propylene polymer resin having melt flow rate within the range of 5 to 50 dg/10 min and selected from the group consisting of (i) a propylene homopolymer having an isotactic index greater than 80, and (ii) a random copolymer of propylene and olefin selected from ethylene or C4-10 alpha-olefins, and (B) from 0.05 to 0.2 parts of a normally solid, high molecular weight, gel-free, propylene polymer material having (1) a branching index of less than 1 and significant strain hardening elongation viscosity.
Patent CZ-286240-B6 (CZ)
Title: Fluorinated derivatives of 17beta-substituted 4-aza-5alpha-androstan-3-one, process of their preparation and pharmaceutical preparation in which they are comprised
Inventor: PANZERI ACHILLE
IPC: A61P17/14
Filed: 1993-07-28
Abstract: In the present invention there are disclosed steroidal inhibitors of testosterone 5{alpha}-reductase of the general formula I. In the present invention there are also claimed a process for preparing the above indicated derivatives by reacting the compound of the general formula II with the compound of the general formula III, and/or by reacting the compound of the general formula IV with the compound of the general formula V or VI and/or by reducing the compound of the general formula VII and/or by hydrogenating the compound of the general formula I and/or by dehydrogenating the compound of the general formula I, as well as pharmaceutical preparation in which the above indicated compounds are comprised.
Patent CZ-297059-B6 (CZ)
Title: Zpusob prenosu dat na jízdním kole pomocí pocítace
Inventor: WATARAI ETSUYOSHI
IPC: B62J99/00
Filed: 1998-06-24
Abstract: Zpusob prenosu dat na jízdním kole pomocí pocítace, který zahrnuje první procesní jednotku (110) pripojenou k jízdnímu kolu, snímac nebo mnozství snímacu (42, 52, 60, 70, 80), pricemz kazdý snímac jepropojen s první procesní jednotkou (110) a prvníprocesní jednotka (110) prijímá data ze snímace nebo z mnozství snímacu (42, 52, 60, 70) a vysílá data v sériovém formátu, která odpovídají snímaným datum, pouzdro hlavní jednotky s vlozenou druhou procesní jednotkou (310) je opatreno displejem (200), pricemz druhá procesní jednotka (310) prijímá data v sériovém formátu z první procesní jednotky (110) a vysílá data k zobrazení na displeji (200). Kazdý snímac nebo mnozství snímacu (42, 52, 60, 70, 80) poskytuje snímaná data v paralelním formátu druhé procesní jednotce (310), pouzdro hlavní jednotky je snímatelne namontované na jízdním kole a hlavní jednotka (100) je pres komunikacní cesty k prenosu signálu pripojena ke druhé procesní jednotce (310), pricemz druhá procesní jednotka (310) a hlavní jednotka (100) jsou opatreny kontakty ke spojení prenosových cest, a druhá procesní jednotka (310) zahrnuje výstupní príkazový terminál (336) k ovládání mechanizmu pro automatické razení.
Patent CZ-279891-B6 (CZ)
Inventor: DINULESCU MIRCEA
IPC: F28F3/12
Filed: 1993-10-13
Abstract: Pro tepelné výměníky pracující s teplosměnnými látkami, zejména kapalinami a plyny, vysokých teplot a tlaků je určen tepelný výměník s jádrem (1) složeným z desek (7), uspořádaných v odstupu od sebe, a staženým mezi krajními panely (2) pomocí spojovacích tyčí (3), kde mezi jádrem (1) a každým z krajních panelů (2) je umístěna rozpěrná vložka (10) vyplněná tepelnou izolací (12). Toto rozpěrná vložka (10) je tvořena soustavou příček (11), s výhodou voštinového typu. Krajní panely (2) jsou vůči jádru (1) odpruženy prvky umístěnými na spojovacích tyčích.
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Patent CZ-287632-B6 (CZ)
Title: Metal coordination complex, catalytic composition suitable for addition polymerizations and addition polymerization process
Inventor: STEVENS JAMES C
IPC: C07F17/00
Filed: 1999-08-20
Abstract: A metal coordination complex comprises a metal of gp. 3 (other than scandium), 4-10 or the lanthamide series and a delocalised pi-bonded moiety (I) substd. with a constrain-inducing moiety (II). The complex has a constrained geometry about the metal atom such that the angle at the metal between the centroid of (I) and the centre of at least one remaining substit. is less than such an angle in a comparative complex which differs only in that (II) is replaced by hydrogen, and providing that for complexes comprising more than one (I), only one (I) for each metal atom of the complex is a cyclic. The metal coordination complex is used, along with an activating cocatalyst, as a catalyst in addn. polymerisation. Also claimed are the prepn. of the coordination complex, prepn. of the catalyst, an addn. polymerisation process using the complex, and the polymers formed by this process including pseudo random polymers.
Patent CZ-285927-B6 (CZ)
Inventor: MERTENS ALFRED
IPC: C07D277/20
Filed: 1994-05-19
Abstract: Sloučeniny vzorce I, kde A představuje izocyklický kruh s 5 nebo 6 atomy uhlíku nebo heterocyklický kruh s max. 4 heteroatomy, přičemž heteroatomy mohou být stejné nebo různé a znamenají kyslík, dusík nebo síru, a heterocykly popřípadě mohou na jednom nebo více atomech dusíku nést jeden atom kyslíku, B znamená -CH=CH-, -N=CH-, -CH=N-, O nebo S, W znamená CH.sub.2.n., O, CH(OH), CO nebo -CH=CH-, X znamená S, O nebo NR.sup.2.n., přičemž zbytek R.sup.2.n. je vodík nebo C.sub.1.n.-C.sub.6.n. alkyl, Y znamená CH nebo N, R znamená naftyl, pyridyl, furyl, thienyl nebo fenyl, který je popřípadě mono- nebo disubstituovaný C.sub.1.n.-C.sub.3.n. alkylem, CF.sub.3.n., C.sub.1.n.-C.sub.3.n. alkoxyskupinou, fluorem, chlorem nebo bromem, R.sup.1.n. znamená vodík nebo C.sub.1.n.-C.sub.6.n. alkyl a n znamená 1 až 3, jakož i jejich tautomery, eantiomery a diastereomery a fyziologicky přijatelné soli; způsob jejich výroby, jako i léčiva, která tyto sloučeniny obsahují, k léčbě diabetu.
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Patent CZ-286800-B6 (CZ)
Title: Heat-exchange apparatus
Inventor: DINULESCU MIRCEA
IPC: F28F3/00
Filed: 1994-12-20
Abstract: The invented heat-exchange apparatus has its core (1) provided with a pair of plan-parallelly arranged solid walls, from which at least one is in contact with the core (1) through the mediation of a system of springing elements (4). The core (1) is provided with rectangular plates (10), whose first pairs of opposite edges, that are bent in right angle toward the plate (10) surface and then bent outward, form first contact strips (11) for connecting with corresponding first contact strips (11) of the plate (10) adjoining thereof from one side, while the second pair of the opposite plate (10) edges, that are bent in right angle toward the plate surface (10) to the opposite side and then bent again outward, form second contact strips (12) for connecting with corresponding second contact strips (12) of the adjacent plate (10) from the other side, whereby the core is placed in a frame (2) provided with a pair of plan-parallelly arranged solid walls from which at least one is in contact with the core (1) through the mediation of a system of springing elements (4). Between two adjacent contact strips (11, 12) of the core (1) plates (10) there is clamped a solid cover beam (13) being provided with through holes (14) for passage of heat-exchange media into the core (1) channels (3).
Patent SK-284122-B6 (SK)
Title: Collector electrode, particularly for electrostatic precipitators
Inventor: STVERAK PETR
IPC: B03C3/45
Filed: 1998-12-15
Abstract: Collector electrode is designed in such a way that distance between parallel sections perpendicular to them amounts to 0.16 to 0.4 of distance along axis between central planes of adjacent strips of sheet metal. Width of parallel sections is from 0.025 to 0.075 of distance between centers of two parallel sections in one plane following one another. Gap in zone of bend, on boundary of strip of sheet metal exceeds thickness of strip of sheet metal by factor of 5.2 - 6.2. Outer length of zone of bend exceeds value of gap in zone of bend by factor of 2.5 - 3.5. Transit part between parallel sections and inclined sections form with parallel section angle from 30 to 60 degrees. Length of transit part is from 0.12 to 1.4 of width of parallel section (13).
Patent SK-289150-B6 (SK)
Title: Zn-based soft active solder with the addition of Mg and Sr for higher application temperatures and its use
Inventor: KOLEŇÁK ROMAN
IPC: B23K35/22
Filed: 2020-04-15
Abstract: The soft active lead-free solder consists of 0.3 to 4% by weight. Sr, 0.1 to 2 weight Mg, the balance Zn. The brazing alloy may also contain Al in the range of 0 to 6% by weight. This soft active solder binds the non-metallic material to the non-metallic / metallic material directly or sequentially, by ultrasound or laser.