Patent GB-410833-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to lubricants
IPC: C10M107/30
Filed: 1932-08-17
Abstract: Oily to solid polymerization or condensation products are obtained by treating with silent and preferably high frequency electric discharges, paraffin wax hydrocarbons of mean m.w. above 330 and/or substances containing substantial proportions of such hydrocarbons, and/or their wax-like derivatives, e.g. montan wax. The products are of m.w. 500--10,000, specific gravity about 0.86, viscosity 3--150 DEG  Engler at 99 DEG  C., viscosity index 120--150, flash-point 280--330 DEG  C., and contain 16--16.4 parts of hydrogen per 100 parts of carbon.  The voltalization is carried out in known apparatus such as that described in Specification 407,379, and under the conditions described in that specification.  As also described in Specification 407,379 there may be present gases or vapours, foam-producing agents, substances promoting condensation, bleaching carbon, or earths, e.g., silica or florida earth, and solvents and diluents, which if they polymerize or condense are preferably not added until the last third of the treatment.  Initial materials specified are ceresine, ozokerite, neftgil, hatchettine, montan wax, and mineral fat, mixed or not with other hydrocarbon oils or waxes. They may be prepared synthetically, or by the electrolytic reduction of high molecular fatty acids, or by a destructive hydrogenation of waxy hydrocarbons followed by condensation in presence of aluminium chloride or like condensing agent.  The initial materials may be improved or extracted from lower-grade materials by one or more of the following processes, e.g. as described in Specification 407,379:--fractional distillation, fractional extraction with solvents, fractional precipitation, fractional crystallization, fractional sweating, especially of wax precipitated by cooling a solution to--40 DEG  C.  The products mixed or not with water or with pour-point depressants are used as lubricants.  They are also used as additions: to hydrocarbon oils for coating, protecting, and impregnating, especially tar oils containing paraffin wax or products obtained by extracting such oils with alcohols or other solvents; to hydrocarbon oils containing naphthalene, anthracene, carbazole, or other cyclic hydrocarbons to prevent crystallizing out at low temperatures; to benzine, gas oil, illuminating oil, or other liquid hydrocarbons to increase viscosity, facilitate pumping, and reduce comsumption; to motor fuels to lubricate the valves and seal the piston rings; to paraffin wax to increase the viscosity of the melt and to prevent cracks and white crystal centres, and so render the wax suitable for candles; to paraffinum liquidum or other white oil for pharmaceutical or cosmetic purposes, maybe after stirring with water, and alone or mixed with lubricating oils of high viscosity to lubricating oils or greases to improve the viscosity, viscosity index, pour point, and colour, and impart fluorescence.  There may also be added to the lubricants:--metal soaps, e.g. lead, sodium, ammonium, oleates or stearates; condensation products of high m.w. organic acids; oxidized oil distillates of high B.P.; paraffin wax; pour-point depressants; hydrocarbons of m.w. above 1000 or 2000, e.g. hydrogenated rubber, balata or guttapercha, hydrogenated resins soluble in oil, hydrogenated polymerization products of butadiene or other diolefine, cyclo-caoutchouc, polymerized styrene or indene, hydrogenated polymerized styrene, oil-soluble polymerization products of isobutylene or other olefine; and oil-soluble cellulose derivatives, e.g. cellulose laurate, and their hydrogenation products.  In examples:--(2) Paraffin wax of mean m.w. 340 is subjected at 80--100 DEG  C. and 10 m.m. absolute pressure in a Siemen's ozone tube to discharges of 7000 volts and 10,000 cycles for 10 hours.  (5) A topped residue of mid-continent oil is mixed with 4 weight units of liquefied propane, the undissolved asphaltic and resinous bodies removed, and the solution cooled to -35 DEG  C.; the wax and oil separating out are removed and voltalized as above.  (13) 1 lb. of the salve-like product of Ex-2 is added to 100 lb. of a tar fatty oil containing anthracene and carbazole and having a setting point of -12 DEG  C.; the setting point is reduced to -20 DEG  C. (15) 1 lb. of hydrogenated rubber, and 1 lb. of the product obtained by treating ceresin for 25--30 hours at 80--100 DEG  C. and 5-10 m.m. with discharges of 7000 volts and 1000 cycles, are added to 100 lb. of a machine oil containing paraffin wax; the viscosity is changed from 1,8 to 2,4 DEG  E. at 99 DEG  C., the viscosity under from 70 to 107, and the setting point from 3 to -25 DEG  C.  (17) 2 lb. of the product obtained by voltalizing a mixture of ceresin and hard paraffin wax is added to fused paraffin wax which exhibited cracks and white crystal centres; the cooled mixture is used for making candles.  Specifications 397,169 and 402,253 also are referred to.ALSO:Oily to solid polymerisation or condensation products are obtained by treating with silent and preferably high-frequency electric discharges paraffin wax hydrocarbons of means m.w. above 330 and/or substances containing substantial proportions of such hydrocarbons and/or their wax-like derivatives, e.g. montan wax. Initial materials specified are ceresine, ozokerite, neftgil, hatchettine, montan wax, and mineral fat, mixed or not with other hydrocarbon oils or waxes.  The voltolization is carried out in known apparatus such as that described in Specification 407,379 and under the conditions and with or without the optional additions described in that Specification.  The products may be added to hydrocarbon oils containing naphthalene, anthracene, carbazole, or other cyclic hydrocarbons to prevent crystallizing out at low temperatures.  In an example, paraffin wax of mean m.w. 340 is treated at 80--100 DEG  C. and 10 m.m. absolute pressure in a Siemen's ozone tube with discharges of 7000 volts and 10,000 cycles for 10 hours.  When 1 lb. of the salve-like product is added to a tar fatty oil containing anthracene and carbazole and of setting point -12 DEG  C. the setting point is lowered to -20 DEG  C. Specifications 397,169 and 402,253, [Group III], also are referred to.ALSO:Oily to solid polymerization or condensation products are obtained by subjecting to silent and preferably high-frequency electric discharges paraffin wax hydrocarbons of mean m.w. above 330 and/or substances containing substantial proportions of such hydrocarbons, and/or their wax-like derivatives, e.g. montan wax. The products may be added to paraffinum liquidum or other white oil for pharmaceutical or cosmetic purposes, maybe after stirring with water.  Specifications 397,169, 402,253, [both in Group III], and 407,379 are referred to.