Patent GB-780316-A (GB)
Title: Pigment preparations, their manufacture and use
IPC: C09C3/00
Filed: 1953-07-03
Abstract: Pigment preparations comprising a pigment in fine dispersion in an organic substance are made by subjecting a pigment to a mechanical treatment producing a shearing or kneading action in an organic medium having a viscosity of at least 10 centipoises at 20 DEG  C., or in a melt of an organic medium which is solid at 20 DEG  C., in presence of a grinding body (constituting at least one-fifth of the weight of pigment) which is subsequently washed out, and when the organic medium is a thermoplastic water-insoluble film-forming substance having a capacity for water-imbibition similar to cellulose acetate and a compact substantially dry solid complex containing water-soluble salts and pigment is formed and said complex is subjected to aqueous extraction using the grinding body in an amount at least equal to the amount of dyestuff present.  The pigment may be inorganic, e.g. carbon black, or organic, e.g. azo dyes or phthalocyanines. The organic medium may be (1) an animal, vegetable, or mineral oil, or a plasticiser, such as dibutyl phthalate, or (2) it may be a solution of a solid substance, e.g. a natural or artificial resin, rubber or a rubber derivative, or a cellulose derivative, in a comparatively low-boiling organic solvent such as toluene, or (3) a melt of colophony.  Grinding bodies comprise inorganic salts as sodium, potassium or barium chlorides, or sodium sulphate, and organic compounds such as urea.  They may be removed by washing with water or an organic solvent.  In the case of organic media (2) above, the extracting solvent may be miscible with the organic solvent, but if not, the latter may be removed by evaporation before or after extraction.  The products colour lacquers, oily coating compositions, artificial substances, and especially spinning solutions, e.g. of cellulose acetate, nylon, superpolyurethanes, polyacrylonitriles, terephthalic acid glycol polyesters, polyvinyl compounds or polyvinyl-polyacrylic copolymers.  In examples: (1) reprecipitated or crude copper phthalocyanine (which may be chlorinated) or the dyestuff 2-methyl-4-chloro-1-aminobenzene --> 1 - (21 - oxy - 31 - naphthoyl) - amino - 2 - methyl-4-chloro-benzene is kneaded with a glycerine ester of hydrogenated colophony and with toluene and sodium chloride; (2) 4,41-dimethyl - 6:61 - dichloro - thioindigo is kneaded with dibutyl phthalate and sodium chloride; (3) indigo is kneaded with a glycerine ester of hydrogenated colophony, sodium carbonate, and toluene; (4) the dye 2,5-dichloro-1-aminobenzene --> 1-(21-oxy-31-naphthoyl)-amino-2,5-dimethoxybenzene is kneaded with sodium chloride, toluene, and either ethyl cellulose or chlorinated rubber; (5) reprecipitated copper phthalocyanine is kneaded with acetyl cellulose, sodium chloride, and glycol monomethyl ether; (6) the dye 2-methyl-4-chloro-1-aminobenzene --> 1 - (21 - oxy - 31 - naphthoyl) - amino - 2 - methyl-4-chlorbenzene is kneaded with acetyl cellulose, ammonium chloride, and glycol monomethyl ether, or with sodium chloride and colophony; (7) chlorinated copper phthalocyanine is kneaded with sodium chloride and a solution of nylon in formic acid; (8) dihydroanthraquinone 1,2,21,11-azine is kneaded with sodium chloride and a solution of polyacrylonitrile in dimethyl-formamide; (9) chlorinated copper phthalocyanine is kneaded with a glycerine ester of hydrogenated colophony, sodium chloride and diacetone alcohol.  Further examples describe applications of the above, viz. (10) the product of (2) is mixed with polyvinyl chloride and dioctyl phthalate to give a coloured foil; (11) the product of (1) is mixed with an alkyd resin lacquer, and the product of (5) with butyl acetate and a nitrocellulose lacquer; (12) the product of (5) is added to a cellulose acetate spinning solution consisting of acetyl cellulose and acetone; (13) the product of (8) is dispersed in a polyamide spinning melt; (14) the product of (9) is mixed with a solution of polyacrylonitrile in dimethyl-formamide and formed into a film. Specification 687,481, [Group IV (a)], is referred to.ALSO:Pigment preparations comprising a pigment in fine dispersion in an organic substance are made by subjecting a pigment to a mechanical treatment producing a shearing or kneading action in an organic medium having a viscosity of at least 10 centipoises at 20 DEG  C., or in a melt of an organic medium which is solid at 20 DEG C., in presence of a grinding body constituting at least one fifth of the weight of pigment which is subsequently washed out, and when the organic medium is a thermoplastic water-insoluble film-forming substance having a capacity for water-imbibition similar to cellulose acetate and a compact substantially dry solid complex containing water-soluble salts and pigment is formed and said complex is subjected to aqueous extraction, using the grinding body in an amount at least equal to the amount of dyestuff present.  The pigment may be inorganic, e.g. carbon black or phthalocyanines.  The organic medium may be (1) an animal, vegetable or mineral oil, or a plasticizer, such as dibutyl phthalate; or (2) it may be a solution of a solid substance, e.g. a natural or artificial resin, rubber or a rubber derivative, or a cellulose derivative, in a comparatively low-boiling organic solvent such as toluene; or (3) a melt of colophony. Grinding bodies comprise inorganic salts such as sodium, potassium, or barium chlorides, or sodium sulphate, and organic compounds such as urea.  They may be removed by washing with water or an organic solvent.  In the case of organic media (2) above, the extracting solvent may be miscible with the organic solvent, but if not, the latter may be removed by evaporation before or after extraction.  The products colour lacquers, oily coating compositions, artificial substances, and especially spinning solutions, e.g. of cellulose acetate, nylon, superpolyurethanes, polyacrylonitriles, terephthalic acid glycol poly-esters, polyvinyl compounds or polyvinyl-polyacrylic copolymers.  In examples: (1) reprecipitated or crude copper phthalocyamine (which may be chlorinated) or the dyestuff 2-methyl-4-chloro-1-aminobenzene --> 1 - (21 - oxy - 31 - naphthoyl) amino - 2-methyl-4-chloro-benzene is kneaded with a glycerine ester of hydrogenated colophony and with toluene and sodium chloride; (2) 4,41-dimethyl-6.61-dichloro-thioindigo is kneaded with dibutyl phthalate and sodium chloride; (3) indigo is kneaded with a glycerine ester of hydrogenated colophony, sodium carbonate, and toluene; (4) the dye 2.5-dichloro-1-aminobenzene --> 1 - (21 - oxy - 31 - naphthoyl) - amino-2.5-dimethoxybenzene is kneaded with sodium chloride, toluene, and either ethyl cellulose or chlorinated rubber; (5) reprecipitated copper phthalocyanine is kneaded with acetyl cellulose, sodium chloride, and glycol monomethyl ether; (6) the dye 2-methyl-4-chloro-1-aminobenzene 1 - (21 - oxy - 31 - napthoyl) - amino - 2 - methyl-4 - chlorbenzene is kneaded with acetyl cellulose, ammonium chloride, and glycol monomethyl ether, or with sodium chloride and colophony; (7) gas black is kneaded with acetyl cellulose, urea and acetone; (8) chlorinated copper phthalocyanine is kneaded with sodium chloride and a solution of nylon in formic acid; (9) dihydro-anthraquinone 1.2.21.11-azine is kneaded with sodium chloride and a solution of polyacrylonitrile in dimethyl-formamide; (10) chlorinated copper, phthalocyanine is kneaded with a glycerine ester of hydrogenated colophony, sodium chloride and diacetone alcohol.  Further examples describe applications of the above, viz. (11) the product of (2) is mixed with polyvinyl chloride and dioctyl phthalate to give a coloured foil; (12) the product of (1) is mixed with an alkyd resin lacquer, and the product of (5) with butyl acetate and a nitrocellulose lacquer; (13) the product of (5) is added to a cellulose acetate spinning solution consisting of acetyl cellulose and acetone; (14) the product of (8) is dispersed in a polyamide spinning melt; (15) the product of (9) is mixed with a solution of polyacrylonitrile in dimethyl-formamide and formed into a film.  Specification 687,481, [Group IV (a)], is referred to.ALSO:Pigment preparations comprising a pigment in fine dispersion in an organic substance are made by subjecting a pigment to a mechanical treatment producing a shearing or kneading action in an organic medium having a viscosity of at least 10 centiposes at 20 DEG C., or in a melt of an organic medium which is solid at 20 DEG  C., in presence of a grinding body (constituting at least one fifth of the weight of pigment) which is subsequently washed out, and when the organic medium is a thermoplastic water-insoluble film-forming substance having a capacity for water-imbibition similar to cellulose acetate and a compact substantially dry solid complex containing water-soluble salts and pigment is formed and said complex is subjected to aqueous extraction, using the grinding body in an amount at least equal to the amount of dyestuff present.  The pigment may be inorganic, e.g. carbon black, or organic, e.g. azo dyes or phthalocyanines.  The organic medium may be (1) an animal, vegetable or mineral oil, or a plasticizer, such as dibutyl phthalate; or (2) it may be a solution of a solid substance, e.g. a natural or artificial resin, rubber or a rubber derivative, or a cellulose derivative, in a comparatively low-boiling organic solvent such as toluene; or (3) a melt of colophony.  Grinding bodies comprise inorganic salts such as sodium, potassium or barium chlorides, or sodium sulphate, and organic compounds such as urea.  They may be removed by washing with water or an organic solvent.  In the case of organic media (2) above, the extracting solvent may be miscible with the organic solvent, but if not, the latter may be removed by evaporation before or after extraction.  The products colour lacquers, oily coating compositions,