Patent EA-004758-B1 (EA)
Title: Process and device for carrying out reactions in a reactor with slot-shaped reaction spaces
Inventor: SCHUTTE RUDIGER
IPC: C07C47/21
Filed: 2001-08-02
Abstract: 1. A process for carrying out reactions between at least two fluid reactants (R1, R2) using a reactor in which there are located wall elements (1), slot-shaped reaction spaces (3) and cavities (5) for conducting a fluid heat-carrier through, characterised in that a) the slot-shaped reaction spaces (3) are formed between lateral surfaces (2) of, in each instance, two substantially equally large and substantially right parallelepipedal wall elements (1) made of solid plates and in that the wall elements (1) are arranged interchangeably in a block (24) within a virtual right parallelepiped, b) the reactants (R1, R2) are introduced into the slot shaped reaction spaces (3) from edge regions situated on the same side of the block (24) and are conducted through the reaction spaces (3) as reaction mixture in like directions in parallel flows and in that c) the fluid heat-carrier is conducted through the tubular cavities (5) extending in the interior of the wall elements (1), wherein the slot width ("s") of the reaction spaces (3) is chosen between 0.05 and 5 mm, 5 mm. 2. Process according to Claim 1, characterised in that at least one reactant is supplied through the wall elements (1) and is introduced into the reaction space (3) in question through at least one of the lateral surfaces (2) of the wall elements (1). 3. Process according to Claim 1, characterised in that on at least one side of the block (24) there is arranged a distributing medium (37,38) from which the reaction spaces (3) are provided with the reactants (R1, R2). 4. Process according to Claim 3, characterised in that by way of distributing medium (37) use is made of a solid body with groups of channels (39,40), the cross sections of which are chosen to be so small that no spreading of flames is possible in them in the course of the supply of reactants (R1, R2) that form an explosive mixture. 5. Process according to Claim 3, characterised in that by way of distributing medium (38) use is made of a packing material with a grain size and with interspaces that are chosen to be so small that no spreading of flames is possible in them in the course of the supply of reactants (R1, R2) that form an explosive mixture. 6. Process according to Claim 1, characterised in that in case of explosive reaction mixtures the slot width "s" of the reaction spaces is chosen so small in order to avoid spreading of flames. 7. Process according to Claim 1, characterised in that the reaction spaces (3) are filled with granular catalyst. 8. Process according to Claim 1, characterised in that the lateral surfaces (2) of the wall elements (1) facing towards the reaction spaces (3) are covered at least in places with catalyst material. 9. Process according to Claim 1, characterised in that the lateral surfaces (2) of the wall elements (1) facing towards the reaction spaces (3) are provided with a profiled structure for the purpose of enlarging the surface area. 10. Process according to Claim 1, characterised in that the wall elements (1) are immersed at least partially in a solvent (27). 11. Process according to Claim 10, characterised in that water is used as the solvent (27). 12. Process according to Claim 10, characterised in that at least one stabilising additive for countering decomposition or degradation of the reaction product is added to the solvent (27). 13. Process according to at least one of Claims 1 to 12, characterised by use for the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen or an O2-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst containing at least one element from the 8th and/or 1st subgroups of the Periodic Table and water or water vapour. 14. Process according to at least one of Claims 1 to 12, characterised by use for the production of propenal from propene and an (O2)-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst. 15. Process according to at least one of Claims 1 to12, characterised by use for the production of acrylic acid from propene and an (O2)-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst and a promoter. 16. Process according to at least one of Claims 1 to 12, characterised by use for the production of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide from ethylene or propylene, respectively, and gaseous hydrogen peroxide in the presence of an oxidic or siliceous catalyst. 17. A device for carrying out reactions between at least two fluid reactants (R1, R2) using a reactor in which there are located wall elements (1), slot-shaped reaction spaces (3) and cavities (5) for conducting a fluid heat-carrier through, characterised in that a) the slot-shaped reaction spaces (3) are arranged between lateral surfaces (2) of, in each instance, two substantially equally large and substantially right parallelepipedal wall elements (1) made of solid plates and in that the wall elements (1) are arranged interchangeably in a block (24) within a virtual right parallelepiped, b) the supply of the reactants into the slot-shaped reaction spaces (3) is capable of being carried out from the same side of the block (24), the reaction mixture being capable of being guided through the reaction spaces (3) in like directions and in parallel flows, and in that c) the wall elements (1) possess tubular cavities (5) for conducting the fluid heat-carrier through the wall element (1), wherein the slot width ("s") of the reaction spaces (3) is chosen between 0.05 and 5 mm, 5 mm. 18. Device according to Claim 17, characterised in that in the wall elements (1) there is arranged, in each instance, at least one feed channel (16) for at least one reactant, which leads into the reaction space (3) in question through at least one of the lateral surfaces (2) of the wall elements (1). 19. Device according to Claim 17, characterised in that on at least one side of the block (24) there is arranged a distributing medium (37,38) through which the reaction spaces (3) are capable of being provided with the reactants (R1, R2). 20. Device according to Claim 19, characterised in that the distributing medium (37) is a solid body with groups of channels (39,40), the cross-sections of which are chosen to be so small that no spreading of flames is possible in them in the course of the supply of reactants (R1, R2) that form an explosive mixture. 21. Device according to Claim 19, characterised in that the distributing medium (38) is a packing material with a grain size and with interspaces that are chosen to be so small that no spreading of flames is possible in them in the course of the supply of reactants (R1, R2) that form an explosive mixture. 22. Device according to Claim 17, characterised in that the slot width ("s") of the reaction spaces (3) amounts to between 0.05 and 5 mm, whereby in case of explosive reaction mixtures the slot width "s" of the reaction spaces is chosen so small in order to avoid spreading of flames. 23. Device according to Claim 17, characterised in that the reaction spaces (3) are filled with granular catalyst. 24. Device according to Claim 17, characterised in that the lateral surfaces (2) of the wall elements (1) facing towards the reaction spaces (3) are covered at least in places with catalyst material. 25. Device according to Claim 17, characterised in that the lateral surfaces (2) of the wall elements (1) facing towards the reaction spaces (3) are provided with a profiled structure for the purpose of enlarging the surface area. 26. Device according to Claim 17, characterised in that the reaction spaces (3) are covered on the narrow sides (6) of the wall elements (1) extending parallel to the direction of flow of the reactants (R1, R2) by plates (41) in which there are located openings (43) for the feeding and drainage of a heat-carrier into the wall elements (1) and out of the wall elements (1). 27. Device according to Claim 26, characterised in that in the plates (41) there are located further openings (42) for feeding at least one of the reactants (R1,R2) into the wall elements (1) and in that the wall elements (1) are each provided with at least one feed channel (16) which leads via discharge openings (17) into, in each instance, one of the reaction spaces (3). 28. Device according to Claim 26, characterised in that the wall elements (1) are each provided with a group of cavities (5) which extend parallel to the lateral surfaces (2) of the wall elements (1) and are closed at their ends by the plates (41) which are mounted onto the narrow sides (6) of the wall elements (1) and in which the openings (43) for the heat-carrier which are in alignment with the cavities (5) are located. 29. Device according to Claims 26 or 27, characterised in that the plates (41) are provided on their outsides (44) and ahead of the openings (42,43) with flow channels (45,46) extending at right angles to the wall elements (1) for at least one of the reactants (R1, R2) and/or the heat-carrier. 30. Device according to Claim 29, characterised in that the plates (41) are covered on their outsides (44) facing away from the wall elements (1) by a distributing body (47) in which the flow channels (45,46) are located into which the openings (42,43) in the plates (41) lead. 31. Device according to Claim 17, characterised in that the wall elements (1) are accommodated as a block (24) in a pressure vessel (25). 32. Device according to Claims 19 or 31, characterised in that the pressure vessel (25) possesses a lid (28) with a partition (29) and two connecting sockets (34,35) for the feeding of two reactants (R1, R2), said partition (29) being capable of being mounted onto the distributing medium (37,38). 33. Device according to Claim 17, characterised in that the slot width ("s") of the reaction spaces (3) is capable of being changed by varying the thickness of spacers (13).