Patent GB-1077681-A (GB)
Title: Method of producing reduced transition metal halide; olefin polymerization catalyst containing it and process for the polymerization of ª-olefins with such a catalyst
IPC: C08F4/64
Filed: 1964-06-09
Abstract: Catalyst compositions used in a -olefine polymerization processes comprise a reduced transition metal halide (see Division C1), and one of: (a) a metal from Group Ia, IIa, IIb, IIIa of the Periodic Table, an alkyl or hydride derivative thereof or a complex metal hydride of aluminium and alkali metal; or (b) an organoaluminium halide of formula RmAIXn or R3Al2X3 wherein R is an alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl or tolyl radical, X is chlorine or bromine and m and n are integers whose sum is equivalent to the valency of aluminium; or (c) a polymeric reaction product of aluminium and a methylene halide.  The polymerization reaction may be employed in the preparation of highly crystalline polypropylene, polybutenes, polystyrene, and also for polymerizing mixtures of ethylene and propylene and other monoolefines containing up to 10 carbon atoms.  The reaction may be carried out in liquid phase in an inert organic liquid used as a hydrocarbon, or in the absence of any inert diluent.  Examples of suitable diluents are given.  The reaction can be carried out batch-wise or in a continuously flowing stream wherein a polymerization mixture of constant composition is continuously and progressively introduced into the polymerization zone and the mixture resulting from the polymerization is continuously and progressively withdrawn at an equivalent rate thereby resulting in the formation of polymers of uniform molecular weight distribution over a narrow range.  The reaction may be carried out at 0 DEG  to 250 DEG  C., and atmospheric to 2,000 p.s.i. pressure.  In the examples, a stainless steel autocalve is charged with a reduced transition metal halide comprising titanium tri-chloride, a complex of ethyl aluminium dichloride and hexamethyl-phosphoric triamide, and liquid propylene, placed on a rocker and heated to 85 DEG  C.  The resultant polymer was isolated by washing with methanol, dried at 85 DEG  C. The non-crystalline polypropylene was extracted with n-butyl ether.ALSO:A method for producing reduced transition metal halides comprises reacting a chloride, bromide or iodide of titanium, zirconium, vanadium, molybdenum or chromium, where the metal is at its maximum valence, with a reducing metal from Group II, IIa, IIb or IIIa and in situ a co-reducing agent which is an alkyl, phenyl derivative or a hydride or a complete hydride or organo metallic halide of a metal from Group Ia, II or IIIa to form a reduced halide of the transition metal, in the presence of a complexing agent which forms a complex with said halide of said reducing metal, said complex being soluble in the complexing agent and then separating the complex from the reduced transistion metal halide. The reducing metals used are beryllium, magnesium, zinc, calcium, strontium, barium, indium, thallium, aluminium and gallium.  A metal alloy of aluminium with another metal such as magnesium, may be used.  Examples of co-reducing agents are complex hydrides of aluminium and an alkali metal; organoaluminium halides of formula RmAlXn and R3Al2X3\t where R is alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl or tolyl radical containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms, X is chlorine or bromine m + n is aluminium valence; organomagnesium compounds of formula RMgX.  Typical co-reducing agents are trialkyl, triphenyl aluminium compounds, trialkyl boron, lithium aluminium hydride, lithium aluminium tetralkyl, dialkyl aluminium chloride, alkyl aluminium dichloride, alkyl aluminium sequichloride, dialkyl aluminium hydride, sodium hydride, potassium hydride, lithium hydride, alkyl lithium, phenyl lithium, dialkyl zinc, alkyl magnesium chloride and sodium alkyl. Examples of complexing agents are: a diaryl ether, e.g. diphenyl ether, ditolyl ether, dixylyl ether, phenyl tolyl ether, di(biphenyl) ether, diphenylphenyl ether, di(ethylphenyl) ether, di(n-propylphenyl) ether, di(n-butylphenyl) ether, or diphenyl ether and biphenyl in admixture; amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylformamide, acetamide, N,N - dimethyl acetamide, propionamide; ketones, e.g. benzophenone, acetophenone, butyrone, 3-pentanone; carboxylic esters, e.g. ethyl benzoate, malonate, n-butyl succinate, n-propyl adipate, ethyl sebacate, n-butyl naphthoate; phenols, e.g. p-cresol, alkyl phenols such as o-ethyl phenyl and m-n-propyl phenol; nitro- and nitrilo-containing compounds, e.g. nitrobenzene, p-nitrotoluene, 2-nitro-p-cymene, benzonitrile, butyronitrile, capronitrile, 2-naphthol nitrile; organic sulphur compounds, e.g. dimethyl sulphoxide, dimethyl sulphone, diethyl sulphate, N,N-dimethyl benzene sulphonamide, dimethyl sulphoximine, di-n-butyl sulphoxide, di-n-octyl sulphone, diphenyl sulphate, N,N-di-n-propyl benzene sulphonamide, diethyl sulphoxide; organophosphorous compounds such as hexaalkyl phosphoramides, trialkyl and triaryl phosphates and phosphites, e.g. hexamethyl phosphoric triamide, triphenyl phosphate, tricryesyl phosphate, tri-n-decyl phosphite, triethyl phosphite, triphenyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, hexa-n-butyl phosphoric triamide, hexa-n-octyl phosphoric triamide. The co-reducing agents can be used to decrease the amount of reducing metal employed or to increase the total amount of reducing agent in addition to the usual amount of reducing metal, and can be up to 50 mole per cent. A slurry containing the reducing metal in powder form and the co-reducing agent is added dropwise to a hot, stirred mixture of complexing agent and transition metal halide.  Mixtures of the transition metal halides may be similarly reduced. The reduced transition metal halide (or mixture of halides) are separated by filtration of the hot, reduction reaction mixture.  The reduced transistion metal halides are used in -olefinic polymerization catalyst compositions (see Divisions B1, C3).ALSO:Catalyst compositions used in a -olefine polymerization processes comprise a reduced transition metal halide, (see Division C1), and one of: (a) a metal from Group Ia, IIa, IIb, IIIa of the Periodic Table, an alkyl or hydride derivative thereof or a complex metal hydride of aluminium and alkali metal; or (b) an organo aluminium halide of formula RmAlXn or R3Al2X3 wherein R is an alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl or tolyl radical, X is chlorine or bromine and m and n are integers whose sum is equivalent to the valency of aluminium; or (c) a polymeric reaction product of aluminium and a methylene halide.  The reaction may be carried out in liquid phase in an inert organic liquid used as a hydrocarbon, or in the absence of any inert diluent.  The reaction can be carried out batch-wise or continuously.  In the Examples, a stainless steel autoclave is charged with a reduced transition metal metal halide comprising titanium tri-chloride, a complex of ethyl aluminium dichloride and hexamethylphosphoric triamide, and liquid propylene, placed on a rocker and heated to 85 DEG C.