Patent GB-364107-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of agents for emulsifying, cleansing and wetting
IPC: C11C3/00
Filed: 1930-08-26
Abstract: Sulphonated products which are stated to be emulsifying agents are obtained by sulphonating an ester derived from a higher aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carboxylic acid containing at least seven carbon atoms in the molecule and having at least one free hydroxy group in the alcoholic residue, or mixtures of such esters.  The esters may be derived from derivatives of the carboxylic acids, e.g. halogen, oxy and thio derivatives, the acid halides and esters thereof not containing a hydroxy group in the alcoholic residue, and from derivatives of polyhydric alcohols, e.g. ethers, halogen derivatives or oxides, such as glycerinemonoethylether, glycide, glycerinemonochlorhydrin, ethylene oxide or propylene oxide.  In a modification of the invention, the products may be prepared by sulphonating a mixture of the higher carboxylic acid with one or more polyhydric alcohols in such proportion that the resulting ester contains at least one free hydroxy group.  Aromatic hydrocarbons may be present in either of the processes, and in a further modification a sulphonated aromatic hydrocarbon is simply condensed with an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carboxylic ester which contains at least seven carbon atoms, and at least one hydroxy group in the alcoholic residue.  In examples:--(1) Glycolmonoricinoleic ester is sulphonated with sulphuric acid.  (2) Glycerine mono-oleic ester is treated with sulphuric acid.  (3) Glycerinemonolauricester is similarly sulphonated alone, and also when mixed with naphthalene.  (4) Mixtures of glycerine with cocinic acid, colophony, olive oil, earthnut oil or coco nut oil are treated with sulphuric acid.  (5) Palmitichydroxybutylester is sulphonated in ether with chlorsulphonic acid.  (6) Palmitichydroxyethylester or hydroxypropylester is sulphonated with sulphuric acid.  The esters obtained from potassium palmitate and the chlorhydrins derived from cracked mineral oils or tars are similarly sulphonated.  (7) Naphthenic acid is esterified in vacuo with glycerine and treated with sulphuric acid.  (8) A mixture of sorbite and coco nut oil is sulphonated.  (9) A mixture of glycerinemonostearic ester and naphthalene is sulphonated with oleum. (10) The glycerine mono esters of coco nut fatty acids are dissolved in xylene and sulphonated with oleum.  (11) Naphthalene is sulphonated and condensed with glycerinemonolauric ester.  The products, after being poured on ice, may be extracted with a solvent, e.g. ether, butylalcohol, ethylacetate or butylacetate and neutralized with an organic or inorganic base, or they may be directly neutralized and evaporated to obtain a solid product. Specifications 324,031, [Class 2 (iii), Dyes &c.], 340,272, 348,040, and 351,911, [Group IV], are referred to.ALSO:Sulphonated products which are wetting, cleansing and emulsifying agents are obtained by sulphonating an ester derived from a higher aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carboxylic acid containing at least seven carbon atoms in the molecule and having at least one free hydroxy group in the alcoholic residue, or mixtures of such esters.  The esters may be derived from derivatives of the carboxylic acids, e.g. halogen, oxy and thio derivatives, the acid halides and esters thereof not containing a hydroxy group in the alcoholic residue, and from derivatives of polyhydric alcohols, e.g. ethers, halogen derivatives or oxides, such as glycerinemonoethylether, glycide, glycerinemonochlorhydrin, ethylene oxide or propylene oxide.  The products may be used in the textile and leather industries, e.g. in dyeing, washing, fulling, and oiling.  In a modification of the invention, the products may be prepared by sulphonating a mixture of the higher carboxylic acid with one or more polyhydric alcohols in such proportion that the resulting ester contains at least one free hydroxy group.  Aromatic hydrocarbons may be present in either of the processes and in a further modification, a sulphonated aromatic hydrocarbon is simply condensed with an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carboxylic ester which contains at least seven carbon atoms, and at least one hydroxy group in the alcoholic residue.  In examples: (1) glycolmonoricinoleic ester, obtained by heating a mixture of the acid and glycol, and passing in carbon dioxide, is sulphonated with sulphuric acid: (2) glycerine monooleicester is treated with sulphuric acid: (3) glycerinemonolauricester is similarly sulphonated alone, and also when mixed with naphthalene: (4) mixtures of glycerine with cocinic acid, colophony, olive oil, earthnut oil or coco nut oil are treated with sulphuric acid: (5) palmitichydroxybutylester, obtained from the acid and 1 : 3-butyleneglycol is sulphonated in ether with chlorsulphonic acid: (6) palmitichydroxyethylester or hydroxypropylester, prepared from potassium or other palmitate and the corresponding chlorhydrin is sulphonated with sulphuric acid.  The esters obtained from potassium palmitate and the chlorhydrins derived from cracked mineral oils or tars are similarly sulphonated: (7) naphthenic acid is esterified in vacuo with glycerine and treated with sulphuric acid: (8) a mixture of sorbite and coco nut oil is sulphonated: (9) a mixture of glycerinemonostearicester and naphthalene is sulphonated with oleum: (10) the glycerine mono esters of coco nut fatty acids are dissolved in xylene and sulphonated with oleum: (11) naphthalene is sulphonated and condensed with glycerinemonolauricester.  The products, after being poured on ice, may be extracted with a solvent, e.g. ether, butyl alcohol, ethylacetate or butyl acetate and neutralized with an organic or inorganic base or they may be directly neutralized and evaporated to obtain a solid product. Specifications 324,031, [Class 2 (iii), Dyes &c.], 340,272, 348,040, and 351,911 are referred to.