Patent GB-703169-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to compositions containing oleaginous liquid materials and hydrophilic solid materials
IPC: C10M169/00
Filed: 1950-12-19
Abstract: An oil-soluble cationic surface-active agent employed in lubricating greases and well drilling muds (see Groups III and XXI respectively) is an organic amino oxy compound containing at least two amino groups and one oxy group or at least one amino group and two oxy groups. The term "amino group" in this context denotes any group containing a nitrogen atom attached to other atoms only by single bonds and directly attached to at least one carbon atom by a single bond, regardless of whether the nitrogen atom is also attached to hydrogen atoms, other carbon atoms or to some other atom or atoms and also regardless of what other atom or atoms may be attached to the nitrogen-bonded carbon atom.  Also, the term "oxy group" in this context denotes a hydroxy or alkoxy group attached to a carbon atom. The amino oxy compounds preferably contain a hydrocarbon radicle containing at least 6, and especially 10-30, carbon atoms or a hydroxy, amino or sulphhydryl derivative thereof.  They may be polymers of the simple low molecular weight polyamino alcohols or polyhydroxy amines and reaction products of said monomers or polymers with compounds such as fatty acids, capable of reacting with the amino group or groups thereof.  Particularly suitable amino oxy compounds are the condensation products of ammonia or primary or secondary amines with halohydrins of epoxylhalohydrins, and the fatty acid amides of such condensation products.  The preparations of ammonia-epichlorhydrin condensation products, and their tallow fatty acid amides, and of glycerol dichlorohydrin-tetraethylene pentamine condensation products are described.ALSO:A lubricating grease comprises an oleaginous liquid, a hydrophilic inorganic solid and a minor proportion of an oil-soluble cationic surface-active agent which is an organic amino oxy compound containing at least two amino groups and one oxy group or at least one amino group and two oxy groups.  The term "amino group" in this context denotes any group containing a nitrogen atom attached to other atoms only by single bonds and directly attached to at least one carbon atom by a single bond, regardless of whether the nitrogen atom is also attached to hydrogen atoms, other carbon atoms or to some other atom or atoms, and also regardless of what other atom or atoms may be attached to the nitrogen-bonded carbon atom.  Also, the term " oxy group " in this context denotes a hydroxy or alkoxy group attached to a carbon atom.  The oleaginous liquid may be a hydrocarbon oil such as a mineral lubricating oil, an alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon (particularly butylated, amylated or cetylated naphthalene) or a polymerized olefin (particularly polyethylene, polybutylene or polycetene).  Other oleaginous liquids which may be employed are vegetable and animal oils and synthetic lubricants of the non-hydrocarbon type.  Examples of the latter are diesters of dicarboxylic acids (particularly bis-(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate and bis-nonyl ethyl succinate) and alkyl, aryl and mixed alkyl aryl phosphates (particularly tributyl, trioctyl, tricresyl or dioctyl cresyl phosphate).  Mixtures of such lubricants may be employed. For special purposes involving high temperature use, polymeric silicones and liquid fluorocarbons may be employed as the oleaginous liquid. For non-inflammable purposes, highly halogenated hydrocarbons, particularly chlorinated and/or fluorinated hydrocarbons, such as hexachlorobutadiene may be employed as the oleagineous liquid.  The hydrophilic inorganic solid, which is one capable of absorbing or adsorbing water, may be silica, a polyvalent metal oxide or hydroxide (particularly alkaline earth metal oxides and hydrooxides, magnesia, alumina, ferric oxide, vanadium pentoxide and other heavy metal oxides) an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonate, a polyvalent metal sulphide, a metallic sulphate or phosphate, or a naturally occurring colloidal magnesium silicate, aluminium silicate or magnesium aluminium silicate (particularly bentonite, Fullers earth, hectorite, talc and vermiculite).  The swelling types of bentonite, Wyoming montmorillonite and the magnesium montmorillonites such as hectorite are preferred hydrophilic inorganic solids. Details of the preparation of suitable oil-soluble cationic surface-active agents are given (see Group IV (b)).  The lubricating grease may also contain auxiliary gelling agents, corrosion inhibitors, extreme pressure additives (particularly sulphurized lard oil and chlorinated paraffin wax) and oxidation inhibitors (particularly phenyl-beta-naphthylamine, phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine, alphanaphthol and alkaline earth metal salts of aldehyde-alkyl phenol condensation products such as the calcium salt of a formaldehyde-p-tert.-octyl phenol condensation product).  According to one feature of the invention, a hydrophilic clay is treated with the oil-soluble cationic surface-active agent to form a water resistant clay, by ion exchange and a water-resistant grease is then prepared from the oleaginous liquid and the water-resistant clay.  In the examples lubricating greases are prepared from mineral lubricating oil, silica-ethyl alcohol alcogel and one of the following surface-active agents:-(i) a 5 : 1 ammonia epichlorohydrin condensation product reacted with sufficient tallow fatty acids to convert a third of the amino groups present in the condensation product to amido groups.  (ii) a 10 : 1 ammonia-epichlorohydrin condensation product reacted with sufficient tallow fatty acids to convert half of the amino groups present in the condensation product to amido groups.  (iii) a monomeric distillation fraction of the amide (ii), and (iv) the acetate salt of the amide (ii). The greases of these examples were stable in the presence of hot or cold water, whereas a similar silica grease containing no surface-active agent disintegrated in cold water.  In further examples a lubricating grease consisting of mineral lubricating oil, silica gel and amide (ii) is compared with lubricating greases consisting of mineral lubricating oil, silica gel and either hydrogenated castor oil or a mixture of phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine and hexadecenylsuccinic acid.