baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent JP-2002185703-A (JP)
Title: Radiation image information reader
Inventor: YASUDA HIROAKI
IPC: H04N1/04
Filed: 2000-12-11
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To accelerate the processing speed of A/D conversion and to eliminate high frequency noise in a radiation image information reader using a line sensor composed by arraying CCDs. SOLUTION: In a signal processing means 29, output from the respective CCDs 21 of the line sensor 20 is read by a read means 30, analog image signals Q obtained by the read are outputted to a sampling processing means 31, a double correlation sampling processing is executed and image signals S1 are obtained. The image signals S1 are logarithmically transformed by a logarithmic transformation means 32 and logarithmically transformed image signals S2 are obtained. The high frequency noise is eliminated from the image signals S2 by an anti-aliasing filter 33 and noise-eliminated image signals S3 are obtained. The image signals S3 are inputted to an A/D conversion means 34 and A/D-converted and digital image signals S4 are obtained.
Patent JP-2002182352-A (JP)
Title: Titanium oxide-containing ultraviolet ray shielding filter material and color diffusion transfer photographic film unit
Inventor: HAYASHI HIROSHI
IPC: G03C8/26
Filed: 2000-12-11
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a titanium oxide-containing UV shielding filter material having improved dispersibility and age stability and a color diffusion transfer film unit parted by peeling and having improved stain, light resistance and physical properties of the films. SOLUTION: The UV shielding filter material contains fine particulate titanium oxide having 1-45 nm average primary particle diameter or average primary minor axis size and 20-70% rutile crystallinity and a polyhydric alcohol. The color diffusion transfer photographic film unit has an image receiving element having a neutralizing layer, an image receiving layer and a peeling layer in this order on the base, a photosensitive element having at least one silver halide emulsion layer combined with at least one dye image forming compound on the base having a light shielding layer and an alkaline processing composition spread between the image receiving element and the photosensitive element. The alkaline processing composition is spread between the image receiving element and the photosensitive element after exposure and then the elements are peeled from each other to obtain an image.  In the film unit, a UV shielding layer formed by applying the UV shielding filter material is included in the image receiving element.
Patent JP-2002184356-A (JP)
Title: Cold cathode-ray tube and its sealing method
Inventor: OHIRA RYOZO
IPC: H01R9/16
Filed: 2000-12-12
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent occurrence of deformation of glass bulb, dimension failure and crack by using a specific airtight terminal structure as an airtight sealing structure of the lead leading to the outside. SOLUTION: As a method for the countermeasures, an airtight terminal structure, which has an equivalent coefficient of thermal expansion as the glass bulb and has an outside leading lead, is used at the both ends of the leading lead of the glass bulb leading to the outside, and the both ends of the leading lead are heated and sealed.
Patent JP-2002183227-A (JP)
Title: Method and device for creating free-form surface directly from group data
Inventor: MATSUZAKI KOICHI
IPC: G06F17/50
Filed: 2000-12-13
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide such method and device which create a free-form surface directly from point group data and can create a high quality surface within a practical time. SOLUTION: In this method for creating a free-form surface directly from point group data, the point group data are divided into a plurality of blocks while the point group shape of each block is made to be as close to a basic surface as possible, free-form surfaces are created by a least energy method in such a manner that surface-to-surface connection is smoothly conducted and that a characteristic shape part is highlighted, and the free-form surface corresponding to the point group data is obtained by mutually connecting the respective created free-form surfaces. Then, surface quality is improved remarkably by using a high-density point group, and a practical value can be found in a pattern and design field handling a high quality surface.
Patent JP-2002183910-A (JP)
Title: Thin-film magnetic head and its manufacturing method
Inventor: YASATO SEISHI
IPC: G11B5/31
Filed: 2000-12-14
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To accurately control a magnetic pole width even when the magnetic pole width is small. SOLUTION: In the method of forming a track width defining layer 12a for defining a recording track width, first, a substrate film 21 as a substrate for plating is formed on a recording gap layer 9. Then, a frame for plating is formed on the substrate film 21. Then, by using this frame, plating is carried out with the substrate film 21 set as an electrode, and the track width defining layer 12a is formed on the substrate film 21. Then, the frame is removed and, further, the unnecessary part of the substrate film 21 other than a part present blow the track width defining layer 12a is removed by using dry etching such as ion milling. The thickness of the substrate film 21 is set larger by 0.18 times or lower than a recording track width. Thus, when the unnecessary part of the substrate film 21 is removed, the increase of the magnetic pole width caused by the re-sticking of the material of the substrate film 21 to the side face of the track width defining layer 12a is limited within a permissible range.
Patent JP-2001212741-A (JP)
Title: Lens end face machining data display device
Inventor: SUZUKI YASUO
IPC: B24B19/02
Filed: 2000-12-15
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a lens end face machining data display device easily determining a formation position of a holding groove in an edge face when the holding groove is formed on the edge face of a machined lens so as to easily perform machining of a desired groove matching various kinds of rimless frame. SOLUTION: The lens end face machining data display device displaying groove cutting data related to a groove shape formed in the circumferential edge part of a spectacle lens is provided with a liquid crystal display (display means) 3 indicating the shape of the groove formed in the circumferential edge part graphically.
Patent JP-2002182465-A (JP)
Title: Image forming method and device, and one-component and two-component developer used therefor
Inventor: TAKAHASHI SATOSHI
IPC: G03G15/08
Filed: 2000-12-15
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide toner free from being stuck to or granulated on a developer carrier, internal walls of a developer carrying path and a developer storage part with which developer directly contacts, and also free from image irregularity, a black stripe and fogging due to the above phenomenon, and to provided an image forming method and an image forming device using the toner. SOLUTION: In this image forming method, the temperature of the developer carrying path and the developer storage part in the image forming device is made equal to or lower than the glass transition temperature of toner resin constituting developer, and the surface roughness Rz1 of the developer carrier is set to 1 to 50 μm, and the surface roughness Rz1 and Sm1 of the developer carrier and toner number average particle size of developer (dt) satisfy the following relation: Sm1/Rz1>=2 and Rz1>dt/4.
Patent JP-2002030276-A (JP)
Title: Abrasive fluid composition
Inventor: FUJII SHIGEO
IPC: B24B37/00
Filed: 2000-12-18
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an abrasive fluid composition which can increase a grinding speed, lowers a roll-off, to provide a method of grinding the substrate with the abrasive fluid composition and a method of producing semiconductor substrates by grinding with the abrasive fluid composition. SOLUTION: The abrasive fluid composition comprises at least one individually selected from the following group (A) of compounds and the group (B) of compounds, an abrasive material: The group (A) of compounds: OH- or SH group having 2-20C carboxylic acids, 2-3C dicarboxylic acids, 1-29C monocarboxylic acids and their salts; The group (B) of compounds: OH- or SH group not having >=4C polycarboxylic acids, aminopolycarboxylic acids, amino acids and their salts.
Patent JP-2001201667-A (JP)
Title: High density multi-chip fiber array connector
Inventor: NAGHSKI DAVID
IPC: G02B6/36
Filed: 2000-12-20
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a high density optical fiber connector which improves positioning precision of fibers while shortening the distance between the fibers. SOLUTION: The high density multi-chip fiber array connector is provided with ferrules arranged by the internal positioning chips. The ferrules include the array of the optical fiber, respectively, and are provided with a groove in the facing end part linked with a raised part formed on the positioning chip in order to arrange the ferrules in the inside of the connector. A positioning pin is provided in the facing end part of the positioning chip, and the connector is positioned when the connector is coupled with a supplementary connector. The connector is manufactured by adhering the ferrule, the positioning chip and positioning pin and setting up these members in the inside of a casing body.
Patent JP-2002187911-A (JP)
Title: Method for producing paraffin wax for aqueous dispersion polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene and method for producing tetrafluoroethylene polymer by using the paraffin wax
Inventor: KOBAYASHI SHIGEKI
IPC: C08F14/26
Filed: 2000-12-21
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing a paraffin wax for the aqueous dispersion polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene(TFE) which has a high rate of polymerization of the aqueous polymerization of TFE and can stably obtain excellent polymerization behavior such as excellent dispersion stability, and to obtain a TFE polymer having excellent properties. SOLUTION: After conducting the aqueous dispersion polymerization of TFE in the presence of a paraffin wax, a polymerization initiator and an emulsifier at least once, the paraffin wax is recovered. By the use of the recovered paraffin wax, the aqueous dispersion polymerization of TFE is conducted in the presence of a polymerization initiator and an emulsifier.
Patent JP-2001237402-A (JP)
Title: Structured metal oxide containing layer, and method of manufacturing semiconductor structure element
Inventor: HARTNER WALTER
IPC: H01L21/3105
Filed: 2000-12-25
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of manufacturing a structured metal oxide containing layer. SOLUTION: The method comprises the processing steps of preparing a substrate, covering a metal oxide containing layer on the substrate, structuring the metal oxide containing layer, and covering a repair layer covering at least edges of the metal oxide containing layer, and the repair layer contains at least one kind of element which is contained in the metal oxide containing layer but lacks in the stoichiometric composition at the edges due to structuring, and is heat-treated so as to diffuse the element from the repair layer at damaged regions of the edges of the metal oxide containing layer.
Patent JP-2002192572-A (JP)
Title: Mold
Inventor: YOSHIDA MITSUNARI
IPC: B29C45/34
Filed: 2000-12-26
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent the generation of a pinhole or a weld line in a molded article, in subjecting a thermosetting resin such as BMC or the like to injection/ compression molding. SOLUTION: The venting hole 3 communicating with the cavity 13 formed between a fixed mold 11 and a movable mold 12 at a predetermined position and a closure member (valve stem) 5 for closing the venting hole 3 in a freely openable manner are provided. When a thermosetting resin raw material M is subjected to compression molding after injected in the cavity 13, the cavity 13 is evacuated through the venting hole 3, and the venting hole 3 is closed immediately before the thermosetting resin raw material M arrives at the venting hole 3 to eliminate the effect caused by the air or generated gas in the cavity 13.
Patent JP-2002196631-A (JP)
Title: Image forming apparatus
Inventor: TSUNODA KOICHI
IPC: G03G21/00
Filed: 2000-12-27
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an image forming apparatus that reduces psychologically unpleasant sound by improving frequency component distribution of sound which is produced during an operation. SOLUTION: Among psychoacoustic parameters that are obtained from sound of the apparatus and at a position, one meter away from an end face of the apparatus, a roughness value is set to be less than or equal to 1.11 (asper) and a loudness value and a tonality value are set so that a discomfort index S is S<-0.6. Herein the discomfort index S is obtained by an equation using the loudness value and the tonality value, which equation is S=0.3135×(loudness value)+3.4824×(tonality value)-3.1460.
Patent JP-2002198921-A (JP)
Title: Processing method and receiver for extra information
Inventor: FURUYA MASAMITSU
IPC: H04H60/74
Filed: 2000-12-27
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To allow an attribute of each element information of extra information multiplexed into audio information to be instantaneously seen when the extra information is showed on a given display. SOLUTION: Operating a write button during reception of a program causes a CPU of a receiver to write the extra information, which is composed of such as artist name AN, song tile ST, information IF, time stamp TS in the program, into a memory. A call operation of users causes the CPU to read the extra information and add each attribute indication label such as Lan, Lst, Lif, Lts to the each element information such as artist name AN, song tile ST, information IF, time stamp TS to show on a given display. The each attribute indication label may be added to the each element information of the extra information when the extra information is written into the memory instead of when extra information is read and displayed.
Patent JP-2002203170-A (JP)
Title: Method, server, and computer program for allowing browsing advertisement information via communication line, and computer-readable storage medium
Inventor: KIJIMA MASAKI
IPC: G06F13/00
Filed: 2000-12-28
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To browse advertisement information by a ship unit through which cannot be realized in a conventional shopping site. SOLUTION: For each advertiser, an advertiser, advertisement information editable from a terminal via a communication line by the advertiser to be viewed from a user's terminal, and advertisement retrieval information editable from the terminal via the communication line by the advertiser and used as a retrieval object are stored while associated with each other (1). On the basis of conditions received from the user's terminal, the advertisement retrieval information is retrieved for specifying advertisement information related to the advertisement information (2). When the advertisement information is designated in the user's terminal by a predetermined method, a WWW page of the advertiser related to the designated advertisement information is browsed in the terminal, and the designated advertisement information can be browsed in the terminal (3).
Patent JP-2002161651-A (JP)
Title: Flower stabilizing weight for tomb
Inventor: YOSHIOKA HIROMI
IPC: E04H13/00
Filed: 2000-11-24
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a weight which protects flowers offered on a tomb from flying by wind. SOLUTION: The weight 1 has a ring 2 and a hook 3 attached thereto, which are formed of a nonrusting material. Artificial flowers offered on the tomb have bent root portions which are inserted into the ring 2, whereby the artificial flowers are protected from flying by wind. When the weight 1 is applied to live flowers, an upper portion 3 of the hook is engaged with a binding band of the live flowers, and a lower portion 4 of the hook is engaged with the ring 2. In this manner, the weight can stably protect the artificial flowers or the live flowers from wind.
Patent JP-2002183598-A (JP)
Title: Advertisement business model
Inventor: MATSUBARA KAZUO
IPC: G06Q50/00
Filed: 2000-12-12
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To distribute advertising information using the Internet and a cellular phone network, a grasp the trend of consumers making the most of two-way communication and to carry out many unspecified advertisements efficiently, in large quantities at a reasonable cost. SOLUTION: A contribution of an advertising business model using the Internet can be made, that is, a server and a display system usable by many unspecified customers are installed at arbitrary places. The customer who wants an advertisement to be carried, generates own advertising information and distributes it to the server over the Internet. Voice and illumination for enhancing advertisement effects can be added, and the advertisement information is displayed on the display system through the cellular phone network, while the trend and need of a consumer are grasped, making a dialog with the consumer via a cellular phone, while displaying the advertisement. Since many issues of advertisements are handled on one display system, advertising means of high efficiency and reasonable cost is provided.
Patent JP-2001515233-A (JP)
Title: 医療行動修正のプログラムへの追従性を監視し帰還させるシステム
IPC: G06Q50/00
Filed: 1998-07-10
Abstract: (57)【要約】
医療行動修正のプログラムへの追従性を監視し帰還させるシステムはサーバにもとづく関係的データベースおよびサーバに電子的に結合される１つまたは複数のマイクロプロセッサを包含する。このシステムは医療行動修正のプログラムの発展を可能にするが、該プログラムは個人が医療過程における病気から回復するよう彼または彼女の健康を維持するに必要な生活様式の変更を達成するための一連の里程標を有する。このプログラムは、実行に先立ち、医師または訓練されたケースアドバイザーにより修正される（1012）ことが可能である。このシステムは、個人が健康関連のデータ（1030）を入力することを促進し、個人が入力したデータと行動修正のプログラムにおける里程標との相関操作を行い、プログラム里程標の達成に向けての個人の進歩をあらわす服従性のデータを発生させることにより、個人のプログラムへの服従性（1050）を監視する。システム全体は、支援モーチフの集合体と協働するよう設計されるが、該支援モーチフはシステムの種々の部分へのアクセスを行うマイクロプロセッサを制御するため個人により操作され得る画像式の電子的ナビゲータを包含する。
Patent JP-2001515872-A (JP)
IPC: A61K31/337
Filed: 1998-09-03
Abstract: A combination of 9,10-dihydro-5-methoxy-9-oxo-N-[4-[2-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,7,-dimethoxy-2-isoquinolinyl)ethyl]pheny]-4-acridinecarboxamide or a salt thereof and paclitaxel and its analogs or derivatives.
Patent JP-2001519392-A (JP)
IPC: A61K31/70
Filed: 1998-10-09
Abstract: A method of preventing, reducing or reversing nephrotoxicity or renal dysfunction induced by administration of a cyclosporin or tacrolimus to a mammalian patient. The method comprises the co-administration to the patient, either before, together with or after cyclosporin or tacrolimus administration, of a pharmaceutical composition containing an effective amount of pentosan polysulfate (PPS) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The oral route of administration is preferred. The total daily dosage of PPS or PPS salt ranges from about 2 to about 50 mg/kg of patient body weight, or about 140 to about 3,500 mg per day in adult human patients. Also disclosed are a method of providing immunosuppressive therapy to a patient while avoiding cyclosporin or tacrolimus-induced nephrotoxicity, and combination pharmaceutical compositions to be used in such therapy.
Patent JP-2001523053-A (JP)
IPC: H01L21/00
Filed: 1998-11-10
Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a multiple head dispensing system having independently controlled dispensing heads. Each of the dispensing heads may be independently controlled to provide simultaneous, asynchronous operation and to allow dispensing of different materials onto substrates. Independent control of the dispensing heads is accomplished under the control of a controller in conjunction with a plurality of gantry systems, each of which positions one of the multiple dispensing heads over a substrate that is to receive dispensing material. In some embodiments, each gantry system utilizes two drive mechanisms, arranged in parallel, that provide movement of the dispensing head over an x-y plane. Multiple conveyor systems are utilized that allow parallel processing of work products in the dispensing system.
Patent JP-2001523687-A (JP)
Title: 新規な１１β位が置換された１９−ノルステロイド、それらの製造方法及び中間体、それらの薬剤しての使用並びにそれらを含有する製薬組成物
IPC: C07J21/00
Filed: 1998-11-16
Abstract: (57)【要約】
本発明は、次式（Ｉ）：
【化１】
 （ここで、Ｘはハロゲン原子であり、Ｄは置換されても及び不飽和であってもよい五角形又は六角形の環の残基を表わし、Ｒ 1 、Ｒ 2 、Ｒ 3 、Ｒ 4 、Ｘは明細書に記載の通りである）の化合物に関する。また、本発明は、それらの製造方法及び中間体、それらの薬剤としての使用並びにそれらを含有する製薬組成物に関する。
Patent JP-2001524319-A (JP)
IPC: C12Q1/68
Filed: 1998-11-20
Abstract: The present invention describes a novel nucleic acid sequencing reagent which consists of a capture moiety, a spacer region and a sequence specific hybridizing region of 4-8 bases. The nucleic acid sequencing reagent of the present invention can also contain an attachment moiety. The nucleic acid sequencing reagent can be arranged into a nested array. This array configuration can then be used to sequence a given template without prior knowledge (de novo) of the wild type or expected sequence in conjunction with primer extension in the presence of a labeled chain terminating nucleotide.
Patent JP-2001525612-A (JP)
Title: Ｓｉ、ＳｉｘＧｅ１−ｘ、ＧａＡｓおよび他の半導体上で、長距離に配列された、ＳｉＯ２含有エピタキシャル酸化物、材料合成とその応用
IPC: H01L21/316
Filed: 1998-11-25
Abstract: (57)【要約】
ゲート酸化物および他の半導体誘電体を含む高度に配列された超薄い誘電体、及び低欠陥密度を有するインターフェース相を製造可能な半導体加工方法。この方法は、脱脂工程（２１）、エッチング（２２）、第一酸化（２４）、及びその後フッ化水素酸を使用して清浄されたシリコン表面を水素で不動態化する不動態化工程（２６）を包含する。半導体基体上に、低いインターフェース欠陥密度、低いフラット・バンド電圧、及び低い固定電荷を有する誘電体層がその後形成されてもよい。０．５〜１０ｎｍおよびより厚い超薄膜が、Ｓｉ（１００）上に形成された。この方法を使用して形成された装置、誘電体、及びインターフェース相が、同様に特許請求されている。
Patent JP-2002501100-A (JP)
Title: 水性プライマ−又は塗料
IPC: C08L61/14
Filed: 1999-01-22
Abstract: (57)【要約】
【課題】  重合質材料と金属との接着用プライマ−及び金属表面の保護用塗料を提供することである。
【解決手段】  （Ａ）水、及びフェノ−ル樹脂前駆物質、改質剤をフェノ−ル樹脂前駆物質と反応させる少なくとも１つの官能部分及び少なくとも１つのイオン部分を含む改質剤、及び任意に多ヒドロキシフェノ−ル化合物の反応生成物を含むフェノ−ル樹脂の水性分散液、及び（Ｂ）柔軟剤を含むプライマ−又は塗料。一実施態様による改質剤は芳香族の化合物である。別の実施態様による改質剤のイオン部分は、スルフェ−ト、スルホネ−ト、スルフィネ−ト、スルフェネ−ト又はオキシスルホネ−トであって、分散フェノ−ル樹脂反応生成物は炭素／硫黄原子比２０：１〜２００：１を有する。
Patent JP-2002505187-A (JP)
Title: 超音波変換器
IPC: G10K11/28
Filed: 1999-03-01
Abstract: (57)【要約】
超音波発信および受信変換器・リフレクター・アセンブリ（１０）につき開示し、このアセンブリは超音波変換器支持体（１２）およびそこから延びるリフレクター（１４）を備え、リフレクター（１４）は光学パワーを有する反射表面（１６）を規定し、超音波変換器（１８）は反射表面（１６）に指向されるビーム（２２）を発生すると共に反射表面（１６）からそこに反射される超音波エネルギーよりシグナル出力を与え、変換器（１８）は反射表面（１６）に対し軸線外しの関係にて支持体の装着表面に装着され、さらに漂遊エネルギーシールド（２４）をも備えて、超音波変換器（１８）を少なくとも部分的に包囲することにより超音波変換器（１８）に衝突する超音波エネルギーの角度範囲を制限する。
Patent JP-2002507022-A (JP)
Title: ソフトウェア更新のための状態コピー方法
IPC: G06F8/656
Filed: 1999-03-11
Abstract: (57)【要約】
外乱のスケール変更可能なソフトウェアの更新へのアプローチを提供するために、待機分割部（６，１６）における新しいソフトウェアの状態が、実行分割部（１６，６）における古いソフトウェアの状態に、古いソフトウェアの実行を続行しながら更新される、少なくとも２つの論理分割部を備える計算システム用の状態コピー方法が提案されている。実行分割部から待機分割部にスケール変更可能にデータが転送され、待機分割部（６，１６）および実行分割部（１６，６）について同じ状態が達成されるや否や、実行が新しいソフトウェアに切り替えられる。これによって、適切であると見なされるものへのソフトウェアの更新により、外乱の度合いのスケールを変更することが可能となる。
Patent JP-2002510636-A (JP)
Title: カルシリティック化合物および使用法
IPC: C07D215/12
Filed: 1999-04-08
Abstract: (57)【要約】
カルシリティック化合物および組成物ならびに異常な骨または無機質ホメオスタシスの治療におけるそれらの使用。
Patent JP-2002512426-A (JP)
IPC: H01M2/00
Filed: 1999-03-22
Abstract: A catalytic hydrogen/oxygen recombination unit (1) for batteries has a space (6) connected to the battery connection channel by an opening and to the atmosphere by an ignition suppressing element.
Patent JP-2002514835-A (JP)
Title: ジッタ転送のないハブポート
IPC: G06F13/42
Filed: 1999-04-30
Abstract: (57)【要約】
好ましくは、取り付けられたノードポートに伝送される信号内のジッタが転送されるのを除くハブ内のハブポート（２００）を提供する。一実施態様で、好ましいことには、データ流から回復されたクロック信号ではなくて、ハブ内のローカルクロック信号を使用して、取り付けられたノードポート（２１２）にデータを伝送することによって、ジッタの転送が除かれる。本発明のハブポートは、取り付けられたノードポートから受信したデータを、ローカルクロックと同期化するため、平滑化回路（２２０）を備えている。
Patent JP-2002518695-A (JP)
Title: 強誘電フラットパネルディスプレイ
IPC: H01J29/04
Filed: 1999-06-07
Abstract: (57)【要約】
フラットパネルディスプレイデバイスの強誘電層状超格子材料の薄膜は、表示画像に選択的に影響を及ぼすように付勢される。１つの実施形態では、電圧パルスにより層状超格子材料に電子を放出させ、これらの電子が燐光体に衝突して燐光体に光を放出させる。別の実施形態では、電位が、層状超格子材料内に残留分極を作り出し、この残留分極が液晶層に電場を与え、それにより、液晶を通る光の透過率に影響を及ぼす。層状超格子材料は、アルコキシカルボキシレートを含む本発明の液体前駆物質を用いて形成される金属酸化物である。薄膜の分極率および透明度が高められるように、薄膜の厚さは、好ましくは５０〜１４０ｎｍの範囲である。ディスプレイエレメントは、ピクセル間のクロストークを防ぐため、および、突然の分極スイッチングを可能にするために、バリスタ装置を含んでいてもよい。強誘電薄膜内の機能勾配が、電子放出を高める。ルミネセンスを高めるために、それぞれが燐光体のいずれかの側にある２つの強誘電素子を使用してもよい。放出を高めるために、燐光体を、誘電層と強誘電層との間に挟んでもよい。