Patent GB-1220382-A (GB)
Title: Equipment fitted aboard an aircraft for a radio-navigation system
Inventor: MANUALI BERTRAND CLAUDE MARCEL
IPC: H01Q3/32
Filed: 1968-02-19
Abstract: 1,220,382. Aerials; radio position-finding. CENTRE NATIONAL D'ETUDES SPATIALES. 19 Feb., 1968 [2 March, 1967; 30 March, 1967; 27 July, 1967], No. 8064/68. Headings H4A and H4D. Equipment fitted aboard an aircraft for aerial navigation utilizing two earth satellite radio-beacons comprises two aerial arrays, one at each side of the vertical plane of symmetry of the aircraft. Each array comprises a plurality of elements located on a surface whose mean tangential plane is at 45 degrees to the said plane of symmetry and which are arranged in rows. Means are provided for selectively switching the rows of radiators in accordance with the radiobeam direction. A system of this kind may be provided for an aircraft flying, for example, on the North Atlantic route, and navigating by observing the bearings and elevations of two spaced geo-stationary equatorial responder satellites. The array on one side of the aircraft is used during the outward flight, and that on the other side during the return flight (Figs. 1, 3, 4a, 4b, not shown). In a first embodiment, each dual array comprises two identical side-by-side flat panels B 1 , B 2 , Fig. 2, which are at 45 degrees to a horizontal plane when the aircraft is in level flight and which each contain a sub-array of Q radiators arranged in m columns and n rows. The radiators may be either of the circularly polarized kind (e.g. radiating spirals or crossed dipoles or slots) or of the linearly polarized kind (e.g. straight and parallel dipoles or slots). When the Q radiators are fed in phase the main direction of radiation is normal to the panel. By introducing phase differences between columns the beam may be scanned parallel to the rows (i.e. in azimuth) and by introducing phase differences between rows the beam may be scanned parallel to the columns (i.e., in elevation). In a second embodiment, a subarray comprises four rectangular-section wave guides G 1 -G 4 , Fig. 5, each provided with four radiating slots # 1 -# 4 , which lie substantially on a cylindrical surface #. Power input is equally divided between the waveguides and is then fed through four respective phase shift elements D 1 -D 4 , by means of which the radiated beam may be deflected in azimuth. Twelve further phase shift elements D<SP>1</SP> 1 -D<SP>4</SP> 4 , which are identical, are contained in the waveguides between the slots # 1 -# 2 ,-# 2 -# 3  and # 3 -# 4  respectively, and allow the beam to be deflected in elevation. The waveguides may be filled with dielectric material and the phase shift elements may comprise diodes or ferrite elements. The four waveguides may alternatively each be fed from separate transmitters having a common master oscillator and individual phasing controls (Fig. 8, not shown), thus eliminating the phase shift elements D 1 -D 4 , Fig. 5. In a third embodiment, a sub-array is disposed on a panel with double curvature, e.g., a torus having a concave cross-section, the radiators being directed inwardly of the torus (Figs. 9c, 10, not shown). By making use of radiators which are inherently directional, the beam from the sub-array may be steered by rotating said radiators by means of servomotors. A switching arrangement 10, Fig. 11, energizes more radiators on one side of a plane of symmetry than on the other side, depending upon the direction of the beam, i.e., either radiators 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or radiators 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. The amplitudes of the signals to the various radiators may be tapered using, for example, a Butler type matrix.