Patent GB-491815-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in detergents
IPC: C11D1/30
Filed: 1937-03-31
Abstract: Products stated to have wetting, foaming, emulsifying, and detergent properties are prepared by reacting a fatty oil or a fatty acid with b -methylglycerine or b -methylglycidol and treating the resulting glyceride with fuming sulphuric acid.  The p  first reaction is facilitated by the presence of alkali, e.g. caustic soda and the sulphonated glycerides may be neutralized with caustic soda or lime. The calcium salts may be decomposed with formation of salts of other metals by using the appropriate oxalate, carbonate, or phosphate. Salts of potassium, magnesium, mercury and silver are mentioned. Those of mercury and silver have germicidal properties.  The calcium may also be precipitated by means of carbon dioxide.  Salts of ammonium and triethanolamine may be formed.  The sulphonated glycerides may be freed from sulphuric acid by extracting, before neutralization, with water insoluble solvents, e.g. butyl alcohol, toluene, benzene or petroleum ether or, after neutralization, with soluble or insoluble solvents, e.g. ethyl alcohol.  The products may be used as soap substitutes in mouth washes, shampoos, toothpastes, face creams and shaving creams in association with soaps or sulphonated materials.  Neutralization is preferably effected with a concentrated solution of a neutralizing agent while cooling and in the presence of a considerable body of already neutralized material. This avoids the necessity of removing much water in order to concentrate the product, and thus avoids decomposing it. Control of the amount of neutralizing agent added so as to maintain a constant pH value also improves the product.  This method of neutralizing is particularly suitable when the process is conducted in a continuous manner.  Coconut oil and coconut fatty acids are used as starting materials in examples of the process.  Palmkernel, palm, tallow and mixtures thereof are mentioned.ALSO:Products stated to have wetting, foaming, emulsifying, and detergent properties are prepared by reacting a fatty oil or a fatty acid with b -methylglycerine or b -methylglycidol and treating the resulting glyceride with fuming sulphuric acid.  The first reaction is facilitated by the presence of alkali, e.g. caustic soda and the sulphonated glycerides may be neutralized with caustic soda or lime.  The calcium salt may be decomposed with formation of salts of other metals by using the appropriate oxalate, carbonate, or phosphate.  Salts of potassium, magnesium mercury and silver are mentioned.  Those of mercury and silver have germicidal properties.  The calcium may also be precipitated by means of carbon dioxide.  Salts of ammonium and triethanolamine may be formed.  The sulphonated glycerides may be freed from sulphuric acid by extracting, before neutralization, with water insoluble solvents, e.g. butyl alcohol, toluene, benzene or petroleum ether or, after neutralization, with soluble or insoluble solvents, e.g. ethyl alcohol.  The products may be used as soap substitutes in mouth washes, shampoos, tooth pastes, face creams and shaving creams in association with soaps or sulphonated materials. Neutralization is preferably effected with a concentrated solution of a neutralizing agent while cooling and in the presence of a considerable body of already neutralized material.  This avoids the necessity of removing much water in order to concentrate the product, and thus avoids decomposing it. Control of the amount of neutralizing agent added so as to maintain a constant pH value also improves the product.  This method of neutralizing is particularly suitable when the process is conducted in a continuous manner.  Coconut oil and coconut fatty acids are used as starting materials in examples of the process.  Palm-kernel and palm oils, tallow and mixtures thereof are mentioned.  b -methyl glycerine and b -methyl glycidol may be prepared from b -methyl-a -chlorhydrin and b -methyl-g -chlorglycide respectively by treating with alkali.