baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent RU-2013111-C1 (RU)
Title: Device for cleaning exhaust gases of internal-combustion engine
Inventor: IMMIEV YAKHYA I
IPC: B01D50/00
Filed: 1991-01-14
Granted: 1994-05-30
Abstract: FIELD: mechanical engineering. SUBSTANCE: device for cleaning exhaust gases of internal-combustion engine provided with exhaust pipe has filter element made of porous ceramic material and fluid tank placed above filter element and communicating with the latter; according to invention, it is provided in addition with perforated tube and its filter element is cylinder mounted coaxially in engine exhaust pipe; perforated tube is arranged coaxially in filter element cylinder. EFFECT: improved exhaust gas cleaning efficiency, enlarged functional capabilities enabling it to be used in automotive, chemical, metal-working, food, biological, construction, and other industries. 1 dwg
Patent RU-2021277-C1 (RU)
Title: Method of synthesis of o-methyl- or o-ethyldichlorophosphates
Inventor: TORUBAROV ALEKSANDR I
IPC: C07F9/14
Filed: 1991-01-14
Granted: 1994-10-15
Abstract: FIELD: organic chemistry. SUBSTANCE: product: ROP(O)Cl 2 , where R - CH 3 , C 2 H 5 , gross-formula is C 1 H 3 Cl 2 O 2 P, C 2 H 5 Cl 2 O 2 P. Reagent 1: POCl 3 . Reagent 2: ROH, where R - as indicated above. Reaction conditions: at 50-75 C, 100-250 mm mercury column; ratio of reagents 1:2 is (2.5-3.5):1 following by rectification at 15-50 mm mercury column, temperature of top column is 10-35 C and that of still is 67-90 C. EFFECT: improved method of synthesis. 2 tbl
Patent RU-2037318-C1 (RU)
Title: Device for carrying out surgical treatment of spinal curvatures
Inventor: GUPALOV VIKTOR K
IPC: A61B17/60
Filed: 1991-01-18
Granted: 1995-06-19
Abstract: FIELD: medical engineering. SUBSTANCE: device has laminated member 1 pivotally connected with telescopic members 2 and 3 and ratchet- and-pawl mechanism 4 and 5 for controlling relative rotation of members 1 and 3 as well as members for fastening the device on vertebral column 6 being made in the form of hooks 7 and serrated plates 8. Axles of the joints of the members are made in the form of screws 9 and 10 being in perpendicular to laminated member 1. Telescopic members 2 and 3 are flattened and have embracing members 11 and 12 being C-shaped in form and embraced members 13 and 14 having ratchet teeth 15 on their rib on the side adjacent to spinous processes. Embracing members 11 and 12 have recesses 16 on the side adjacent to spinous processes of the vertebral column with supporting platforms 17 for embraced members 13 and 14 on the side of their entering into the recess and petals separated from bodies of members 18 having elastic part 19 and arresting device 20. There are holes in the free ends of the embraced members 13 and 14. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness in treating various kinds of spinal curvature. 3 dwg
Patent RU-2034602-C1 (RU)
Title: Concentrator
Inventor: SHISHKIN VIKTOR V
IPC: B01D1/00
Filed: 1991-02-18
Granted: 1995-05-10
Abstract: FIELD: treating heat sensitive and viscose fluids. SUBSTANCE: concentrator has vertical housing provided with systems for supplying initial fluid and discharging concentrated solution and vapor-liquid mixture and heater arranged on the outer wall of the housing. The concentrator is provided with the driving drum positioned inside the top part of the housing, flexible hose mounted inside the housing to define the top and bottom spaces and to permit reciprocation, and by-pass having a check valve. One of the ends of the hose is wound on the drum. The other end is bent out and secured to the internal side of the housing over periphery. The top space is in communication with the systems for supplying the initial fluid and discharging the concentrated solution. The bottom space is in communication with the system for discharging vapor- liquid mixture. The spaces are interconnected through a by-pass. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 1 dwg
Patent RU-2016470-C1 (RU)
Inventor: KATLABUGA EVGENIJ P
IPC: H02K23/00
Filed: 1991-02-25
Granted: 1994-07-15
Abstract: FIELD: electrical engineering. SUBSTANCE: D.C. electric machine has stator with poles 19 and 20 to create magnetic flux, armature with sections of winding interacting with magnetic flux, gear to connect sections of windings including set of primary switching elements linked to sections of armature winding and fabricated in the form of hermetically sealed reed relays 7-18 mounted with longitudinal displacement with respect to each other and secondary switching elements manufactured in the form of slip rings 23 and 24 connected to outputs of hermetically sealed reed relays and brushes interacting with them. Magnets 21 and 22 displaced in longitudinal direction are used to switch over hermetically sealed reed relays. EFFECT: improved operational characteristics. 2 cl, 2 dwg
Patent RU-2014011-C1 (RU)
Title: Atraumatic needle for suturing
Inventor: ARANZHEREEV YURIJ A
IPC: A61B17/06
Filed: 1991-03-19
Granted: 1994-06-15
Abstract: FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: needle body 1 has the slot 10, in which the lock 8 is arranged. The lock 8 has an end with a rounding, determined by a relation r≥ a. A location of the lock axis 9 is determined by a relation a/b≥ 1/2, where a- distance form a center of the axle 9 till the convex surface of the body 1; B-distance form the center of the axle 9 till a concave surface of the body 1; r-rounding radius. EFFECT: enhanced serviceability. 1 cl, 4 dwg
Patent RU-2024146-C1 (RU)
Title: Method of continuous automatic testing of high-frequency channel of relay protection
Inventor: KUZNIK YURIJ S
IPC: H02H3/30
Filed: 1991-06-26
Granted: 1994-11-30
Abstract: FIELD: electrical engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention makes it possible to ensure continuous testing of serviceability of high-frequency channel of diphase protection of power line independent of value of load in it. Effect is achieved thanks to manipulation of transmitters under condition of control over voltage of substations with their connection in counterphase with compensation of voltage drop in power line. With starting of protection together with transfer from reduced parameters of transmitters to normal ones manipulation of transmitters is changed over from voltage to current in line on its both sides. Simultaneously change-over of operational condition of transmitter and its manipulation create conditions for testing of high-frequency channel independent of load in power line and for adherence to required selectivity of action. EFFECT: improved efficiency of relay protection. 3 dwg
Patent RU-2001655-C1 (RU)
Title: Устройство дл разрушени пены
Inventor: TRONOV VALENTIN P
IPC: B01D19/02
Filed: 1991-06-26
Granted: 1993-10-30
Abstract: Изобретение относитс  к нефтедобывающей  промышленности и может быть использовано при  подготовке нефтей. склонных к пенообразованию.  Цель - повышение эффективности процесса пенообразовани . Устройство состоит из газосепаратора  1 и дополнительного гасител  2 пены, соединенных  патрубками 3 и 4 ввода нефти и газа, подвод щего  нефтегазопровода 5, патрубков 6 и 7  иывода нефти и ,  ю . ujocenapaTOpa, нагревател  8, соединенного с газовой линией газосепаратора  и распределителем 9 газа, установленным в  гасителе 2 пены, с которым соединены пластины 10  с отверсти ми Последние выполнены из тонкостенных  стальных листов и занимают весь объем  пеногаситеп  Диаметры отверстий по длине измен ютс  в соотнои. - ии 1 1,3 : 1,6. При таком соотношении  обеспечиваетс  равномерное распределение  объема поступающего в пластины газа по  всей обрабэтывар  рой поверхности в каждом межпластинчатом  пространстве. 2 ил
Patent RU-2042899-C1 (RU)
Title: Device for drying belt materials
Inventor: SHISHKIN VIKTOR V
IPC: F26B13/08
Filed: 1991-06-26
Granted: 1995-08-27
Abstract: FIELD: drying materials. SUBSTANCE: device has chamber with collectors for discharging vapor and guide rollers for moving material to be dried. The torus is mounted inside the chamber space. The torus has drive for reciprocation and fastening units. The fastening units are mounted on diagonally opposite walls of the chamber. The faces of the chamber are provided with guide rollers. The torus is enclosed by two belts of material to be dried. One end of each belt is wound on the guide roller. The other end is connected with the fastening unit. Assembling hatches are made in the chamber wall. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 1 dwg
Patent RU-2040073-C1 (RU)
Title: Способ получения тонких пленок диоксида кремния
Inventor: RUBTSOV NIKOLAJ M
IPC: H01L21/316
Filed: 1991-06-18
Granted: 1995-07-20
Abstract: Изобретение может быть использовано при изготовлении межслоистых и пассивирующих покрытий для многоуровниевых сверхбольших интегральных схем. Сущность изобретения: тонкие пленки диоксида кремния получают окислением дихлорсилана в тлеющем разряде постоянного тока. Способ позволяет получать пленки при комнатной температуре.
Patent RU-2031835-C1 (RU)
Title: Method of preparing of thermally expanded coal-graphite
Inventor: NAZYUTA LYUDMILA YU
IPC: C01B31/04
Filed: 1991-05-30
Granted: 1995-03-27
Abstract: FIELD: technology of coal-graphite preparing. SUBSTANCE: method involves oxidative treatment of the parent raw in the presence of sulfuric acid, separation of solid product from solution, its drying and thermal treatment. Source of the parent raw: high-ash waste in electrode production containing 60-85% carbon with graphitization degree 40-95%. Recovered charge of graphitization furnace can be used as parent raw. EFFECT: improved method of thermally expanded coal-graphite showing low thermal conductivity coefficient, broadened raw sources. 2 cl, 1 tbl
Patent RU-2026093-C1 (RU)
Title: Method of core of illness
Inventor: SKOBELKIN OLEG K
IPC: A61F7/00
Filed: 1991-07-31
Granted: 1995-01-09
Abstract: FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: pulse surface low-temperature laser plasma is used for curing different ILLNESS, which has to be optical discharge in air onto the surface of biological tissues and source of mechanical, thermal and radiation shock directed onto the part of patient's body. Pulse laser radiation irradiator is projected above injured tissues or organs; wavelength is equal to 10.6 mcm, pulse energy 1-3 J, pulse duration is equal to 1 mcs, pulse repetition frequency achieves 1000 Hz. This source generates laser plasma. Parts of skin cover, mucous are irradiated one time or multiple. EFFECT: reduced periods or treatments; improved quality of treatment; improved rehabilitation.
Patent RU-2021931-C1 (RU)
Inventor: KONUSHIN VLADIMIR M
IPC: B60V1/14
Filed: 1991-10-31
Granted: 1994-10-30
Abstract: Использование: для движения по слабонесущему поверхностному слою почвы. Сущность ия: участок каждой из нижних ветвей гусеничных движителей, параллельный опорной поверхности и примыкающий к ней своим полотнищем, соединен треугольными оттяжками изнутри с замыкающей соответствующий баллон кромкой этого полотнища, связанной с тяговой цепью, с возможностью перекрытия зазора между этой нижней ветвью и опорной поверхностью. 6 ил.
Patent RU-2093274-C1 (RU)
Title: Method for operation of continuous reciprocating-discharge centrifuge
Inventor: VERNER SHTAL
IPC: B04B11/02
Filed: 1990-04-12
Granted: 1997-10-20
Abstract: FIELD: materials dewatering. SUBSTANCE: continuous-action reciprocating-discharge centrifuge has pulsing (displaced) bottom which moves by cycles relative to perforated drum in axial direction to extended or returned position, forward or backwards, and may operate with high productivity when mixture is supplied after bottom leaves its extended position up to beginning the next forward motion of bottom. Mixture flow rate may be increased due to supply of mixture before bottom reaches its extended position but in amount less than after bottom leaves its extended position. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 15 cl, 8 dwg
Patent RU-2018308-C1 (RU)
Title: Method for treatment of preasthma and bronchial asthma
Inventor: BADINA ALMAGUL K
IPC: A61P11/06
Filed: 1991-07-11
Granted: 1994-08-30
Abstract: FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: amplicilline is applied to patient at dose 550000 units 3-4 times a day. The process is carried out at excerbation stage within 5-10 days. EFFECT: increases efficiency of the method, decreases by-effect of preparation.
Patent RU-2030421-C1 (RU)
Inventor: GLUSHKOV ROBERT G
IPC: A61K31/57
Filed: 1991-12-16
Granted: 1995-03-10
Abstract: FIELD: organic chemistry. SUBSTANCE: product: 11b-acyloxy-17a-hydroperoxy-16a-methylpregnanes of the formula (I) (image), where a) R 1  and R 2  - acetoxy; X - F; b) R 1  and R 2  - acetoxy; X - H; c) R 1  - acetoxy; R 2  - propionyloxy; X - F; d) R 1  - acetoxy; R 2  - heptanoyloxy; X - F; e) R 1  and R 2  - propionyloxy; X - F. Reagent 1: corresponding Δ 16 Cl-20-ketopregnanes. Reagent 2: methylmagnesium bromide in the presence of CuCl in the medium of acetonitrile and a mixture of toluene/benzene at (-15)-(-30) C. Reagent 3: NH 4 Cl. Synthesized steroids were used in medicine. EFFECT: improved method of synthesis.
Patent RU-2033387-C1 (RU)
Title: Method of preparing of granulated activated carbon
Inventor: LAGUNOV VYACHESLAV MIKHAJLOVIC
IPC: C01B31/08
Filed: 1991-12-26
Granted: 1995-04-20
Abstract: FIELD: chemical technology. SUBSTANCE: furnace soot is mixed with lignosulfonate at mass ratio of furnace soot and lignosulfonate 1:(0.6-1.8) as dry matter. Mixture is granulated and dried. Granules were subjected for vapor-gaseous activation at 680-780 C for 60-180 min. EFFECT: improved method of activated carbon preparing. 1 tbl
Patent RU-2056828-C1 (RU)
Title: Method for treating the patients possessing calculi in the lower half of the ureters
Inventor: LI ANATOLIJ A
IPC: A61H23/00
Filed: 1992-01-27
Granted: 1996-03-27
Abstract: FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: method involves exposing in series from the top to down lower half area of the ureter first to local vibration then to ultrasound in pulse mode using rectal or vaginal approach method every second day with prescribed parameters set. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness in removing calculi. 3 tbl
Patent RU-2040798-C1 (RU)
Title: Device for analysis of spectrum of signals
Inventor: MENSHIKH OLEG F
IPC: G01R23/16
Filed: 1992-02-20
Granted: 1995-07-25
Abstract: FIELD: measurement technology. SUBSTANCE: device for analysis of spectrum of signals includes amplifier 1, information recording unit 2, storage 3, information retrieval unit 4, bandpass filter 5, mixer 6, dispersion delay line 7, spectrum meter 8, oscillator 9, electronic dispatcher 10. EFFECT: improved accuracy of analysis. 1 dwg
Patent RU-2029751-C1 (RU)
Title: Method of preparing of high-temperature superconductive ceramic on the basis of bismuth-strontium-calcium cuprate
Inventor: IVANOVA VALENTINA I
IPC: H01L39/12
Filed: 1992-02-07
Granted: 1995-02-27
Abstract: FIELD: technology of high-temperature superconductive ceramic. SUBSTANCE: powder mixture of bismuth, strontium, calcium and copper compounds is annealed firstly at 770-800 C, then at 800-830 C, ground, pressed and annealed in the air at 850 ± 10 ° C for at least 10 h. Articles were subjected for hot pressing at 930-980 C under pressure 0.1-0.5 GPa for 1-5 h. Use of proposed method ensures to make single-phase solid samples showing high superconductive parameters. EFFECT: enhanced quality of ceramic material. 2 tbl
Patent RU-2028804-C1 (RU)
Inventor: LASKAVYJ VLADISLAV N
IPC: A61P1/06
Filed: 1992-03-08
Granted: 1995-02-20
Abstract: Использование: для профилактики трансмиссивного гастроэнтерита свиней. Цель изобретения- повышение эффективности профилактики при естественном фоне вирусоносительства. Способ осуществляется следующим образом. Готовят 0,1-0,2%-ный раствор формалина (из расчета 40% формальдегида). Вводят препарат в область мышцы бедра или шеи в количестве 4-6 мл на свиноматку или 1-3 мл на поросенка. При однократном введении препарата и свиноматкам, и поросятам раствор формалина вводят в день опороса. В случае однократного применения только поросятам препарат вводят на вторые сутки после рождения. В случае двукратного применения только свиноматкам препарат вводят за 22-26 дней и 16-20 дней до опороса. 3 з.п. ф-лы, 2 табл.
Patent RU-2036082-C1 (RU)
Title: Machine for manufacture of building blocks
IPC: B28B1/08
Filed: 1992-03-19
Granted: 1995-05-27
Abstract: FIELD: building materials. SUBSTANCE: device uses bogies installed on a frame and uprights interconnected by cross bars. A mould with a vibrator and load jib are fixed on them. The load jib vertical movement drive has C-levers, and the mould drive is made in the form of a screw with two sections with opposite threading installed on the cross bar of the uprights. The mould is positioned on uprights by means of guide sleeves and located in the plane of the bogie frame longitudinal axis symmetrically relative to its uprights. Horizontal guides are mounted on uprights by means of movable sleeves connected to the C-levers. The load jib is mounted for movement in the horizontal guides. EFFECT: improved design. 8 cl, 8 dwg
Patent RU-2049749-C1 (RU)
Inventor: UFIMTSEV VLADISLAV M
IPC: C04B7/36
Filed: 1992-03-26
Granted: 1995-12-10
Abstract: Изобретение относится к промышленности строительных материалов, в частности к производству цементного клинкера на конвейерной решетке. В предлагаемом способе, включающем измельчение сырьевых компонентов и твердого топлива, смешивание сырьевых компонентов, гранулирование смеси сырьевых компонентов с введенным твердым топливом и термообработку гранул, ядро гранул размером 5 7 мм формуют из 70 - 80% смеси сырьевых компонентов и всей массы шихтового топлива фракции ≅ 1,2 мм с последующим нанесением на ядро оставшейся части смеси сырьевых компонентов, что обеспечивает создание оптимального гранулометрического состава шихты, активизирует процессы сгорания твердого топлива. Все это улучшает спекание гранул. Термообработку гранул шихты в первые 2 4 мин осуществляют при подаче тепла (5-7)·10 3 ккал/м 2  мин и расхода воздуха (0,2 0,4) нм/с, в последующие 4 6 мин при подаче тепла (20-30)·10 3 ккал/м 2  мин и расходе воздуха (0,5 0,8) нм/с, затем в течение 4 6 мин плавно прекращают подачу тепла, а расход воздуха поддерживают на уровне (0,4 0,5) нм/с, через 5 25 мин расход воздуха увеличивают до (0,8 1,2) нм/с, что способствует интенсификации теплообмена в процессе спекания гранул и созданию оптимальных режимов термообработки. 1 табл.
Patent RU-2068647-C1 (RU)
Inventor: POGORELSKIJ STANISLAV VLADIMIR
IPC: A47J27/21
Filed: 1992-04-07
Granted: 1996-11-10
Abstract: FIELD: coffee and tea preparing utensils. SUBSTANCE: utensils set has water boiling vessel and steaming vessel formed as casing with handle and cover. Steaming vessel has depression extending from vessel outer surface inward of vessel below its throat. EFFECT: increased efficiency, simplified construction and improved quality of beverage. 5 cl, 5 dwg
Patent RU-2008680-C1 (RU)
Title: Method of assay of substance biological activity
Inventor: BANKOVA VALENTINA V
IPC: G01N33/48
Filed: 1992-04-14
Granted: 1994-02-28
Abstract: FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: examined substance is incubated with freshly prepared erythrocytes, and indices of erythrocyte metabolism are recorded: content of malonic aldehyde, degree of erythrocyte hemolysis, intensity of malonic aldehyde degradation and antioxidant activity. Activity of substance is determined on the basis of calculated ratios and value of absolute meanings of measured indices in experimental and control samples. EFFECT: increased confidence, simplified method, enlarged information content. 4 dwg, 1 tbl
Patent RU-2058895-C1 (RU)
Title: Apparatus for concrete mixture electrical heating
Inventor: TITOV MIKHAIL M
IPC: B28B17/02
Filed: 1992-01-09
Granted: 1996-04-27
Abstract: FIELD: civil engineering, preliminary concrete mixture heating before its placement against forms. SUBSTANCE: apparatus has frame mounted body made of side longitudinal electrically insulated plates, that are lined along the whole inner surface with flexible electrically insulated material, and side transversal parallel metal plates. Three current conducting fixtures are fixed on upper part of body side walls. Gravitational shutter is located in lower part of body along its whole length. Shatter has double-wing gate, links 12 and closed state shutter fixer. Phase electrodes are vertically located in inner cavity of body. Each electrode has case made in the form of two electrically insulated shields with fixed on their outer sides metal plates 15 and lid 16. Phase electrodes position in body 5 is fixed due to friction of shields 14 side planes against side plates 6. Case has upper and lower links 17 fixed accordingly to upper and lower guides on both sides of frame by plates 18, washers 19, nuts 20 and lock nuts 21. Upper and power plates 18 are connected by vertical poles 22. Body upper part has earrings 24 to fix load catching fittings out. EFFECT: increased productivity. 4 dwg
Patent RU-2038610-C1 (RU)
Title: Low-altitude ground target-elevation radar indicator
Inventor: ZHUKOV SERGEJ ANATOLEVICH
IPC: G01S13/44
Filed: 1992-04-24
Granted: 1995-06-27
Abstract: FIELD: low-altitude target location. SUBSTANCE: indicator has transmitter 1, transmitting antenna 2, receiving antenna built up of two emitting elements 3, 4 spaced apart, receiver with two channels 5, 6, adder 7, three amplitude detectors 8-10, and elevation computer 11. EFFECT: improved design. 1 dwg
Patent RU-2017251-C1 (RU)
Title: Thermal relay
Inventor: ZHIDKOV IGOR A
IPC: H01H37/76
Filed: 1992-05-12
Granted: 1994-07-30
Abstract: FIELD: electrical engineering. SUBSTANCE: mechanism of forced return of thermal relay is manufactured in the form of tetrahedral hollow button. Its inner space houses return compression spring, current-conducting plate shunting contact plates of electric change-over switch mounted on body in various combinations is located over perimeter of outer edge. Remote kinematic coupling between change-over switch and thermal sensitive element is manufactured in the form of rigid rod positioned in tube of thermal cartridge. On end of it is clamped in meltable substance, the other one carries ratchet element engaging fixing bar. EFFECT: space-saving design, reduced sizes, versatility with capability to switch electric circuits to opening, closure and change-over and to establish visually fact of operation of thermal relay. 2 cl, 4 dwg
Patent RU-2030948-C1 (RU)
Title: Parting coating for model equipment
Inventor: KITAEVA LIDIYA N
IPC: B22C3/00
Filed: 1992-06-01
Granted: 1995-03-20
Abstract: FIELD: casting. SUBSTANCE: vat residue of preparing hydrated fuel is used as a base of said coating. Products of oil processing, alcohols and fat acids are added to this base. Extracts of selective refining of petroleum oil distillates or of mazut, or alcohols, or unsaponifiable compounds having 6-22 carbon atoms, or fat acids being side products of their production of paraffin or of sebacic acid production which represents mixture of saturated and unsaturated acids may be used as mentioned above additives. EFFECT: improves quality of casting. 2 tbl
Patent RU-2053697-C1 (RU)
Inventor: TARAN VALENTIN M
IPC: A44C27/00
Filed: 1992-06-01
Granted: 1996-02-10
Abstract: FIELD: light industry. SUBSTANCE: article is manufactured from cubical or bar-shaped members made from different materials. Members mentioned are connected by various methods. Cubical and bar-shaped members are assembled by means of device operating according to program worked out for individual type of article. EFFECT: increased efficiency and simplified construction. 45 cl, 14 dwg
Patent RU-2037836-C1 (RU)
Title: Method of measuring angle of object observing
Inventor: CHASNYK KONSTANTIN A
IPC: G01S1/62
Filed: 1992-06-01
Granted: 1995-06-19
Abstract: FIELD: radio navigation. SUBSTANCE: measuring station radiates signal with f ref  frequency. Reflected signal is received during scanning beam of aerial according to Q rec (t) law. Time interval t s  is measured between start point of scanning for reception and moment of start point of reception of reflected signal. Doppler frequency f d  is measured. Then the signal is received and angle γ of viewing is determined from the relation g =arctg [(dQ rec (t)/d(t)·(f ref /f d τ n )]- Q rec (t) + Q rec (t s ), where τ n  is time interval between start point of radiation and start point of scanning of aerial beam for reception of reflected signal. EFFECT: improved precision. 5 dwg