Patent GB-473651-A (GB)
Title: Process of treating carbon carbonaceous material such as coal and the like and organic carbon compounds
IPC: C10G1/00
Filed: 1936-04-14
Abstract: Hydrocarbons, e.g. benzines, are produced from carbon, carbonaceous materials, e.g. coal, and organic carbon compounds by treating the crude materials at temperatures below 390 DEG  C. with methane or gas mixtures containing methane under pressures sufficient to cause polarization of the methane, the molecular proportions of the reacting materials being so chosen that under the reaction conditions the free energies of the conversion reactions correspond to a value, which, if calculated according to the method of Lewis and Randall, does not exceed + 5000 gram-calories per molecule of hydrocarbon produced and which may be negative in value.  The polarization pressure of above 500 atmos. is required unless the gas mixture contains more than 20 per cent by volume of ethylene or acetylene when the pressure can be reduced to not less than 250 atmos.  The partial pressure of the methane is preferably much greater than the sum of the partial pressures of the other gases present and the treatment is carried out in a heterogeneous system, the material constituting the liquid phase participating in the reaction.  In examples: (1) 100 kgs. of paraffin oil are passed hourly with methane under 1000 atmos. pressure through an autoclave heated to 350 DEG C., and provided with a catalyst comprising copper iodide, molybdenum acid, and magnesium oxide, the pressure being maintained at 1000 atmos. 112 kgs. of benzine per hour are obtained; (2) 100 kgs. naphthalene are treated hourly at 330 DEG  C. under 1000 atmos. methane pressure, 10 kgs. of paraffin oil being injected per 100 kgs. naphthalene. 65 kgs. benzene and 99 kgs. benzine are obtained hourly; (3) a gas mixture comprising 40 per cent CO and 60 per cent CH4 is similarly treated at 260 DEG  C. under 1000 atmos. pressure in presence of an iron-molybdenum catalyst.  Examples are also given of the conversion of glycol, ethyl alcohol, glycerine, benzyl alcohol, allyl alcohol, phenol and pyrogallol and it is stated that initial materials such as charcoal, lignite, peat, cellulose, colloidalhydrocarbons, e.g. caoutchouc, balata, tars, organic acids and alcohols may be employed.  Specification 4574/14, [Class 32], is referred to.ALSO:Hydrocarbons, e.g. benzines, are produced from carbon, carbonaceous materials, e.g. coal, and organic carbon compounds by treating the crude materials at temperatures below 390 DEG  C. with methane or gas mixtures containing methane under pressures sufficient to cause polarization of the methane, the molecular proportions of the reacting materials being so chosen that under the reaction conditions the free energies of the conversion reactions correspond to a value, which, if calculated according to the method of Lewis and Randall, does not exceed + 5000 gram-calories per molecule of hydrocarbon produced and which may be negative in value.  A polarization pressure of about 500 atmos. or more is required unless the gas mixture contains more than 20 per cent by volume of ethylene or acetylene when the pressure can be reduced to not less than 250 atmos.  The partial pressure of the methane is preferably much greater than the sum of the partial pressures of the other gases present and the treatment is carried out in a heterogeneous system, the material constituting the liquid phase participating in the reaction.  In examples, (1) 100 kgs. of paraffin oil are passed hourly with methane under 1000 atmos. pressure through an autoclave heated to 350 DEG  C. and provided with a catalyst comprising copper iodide, molybdenum acid, and magnesium oxide, the pressure being maintained at 1000 atmos. 112 kgs. of benzine per hour are obtained; (2) 100 kgs. naphthalene are treated hourly at 330 DEG C. under 2000 atmos. methane pressure, 10 kgs. of paraffin oil being injected per 100 kgs. naphthalene. 65 kgs. benzene and 99 kgs. benzine are obtained hourly; (3) a gas mixture comprising 40 per cent CO and 50 per cent CH4 is similarly treated at 260 DEG  C. under 1000 atmos. pressure in presence of an iron-molybdenum catalyst.  Examples are also given of the conversion of glycol, ethyl alcohol, glycerine, benzyl alcohol, allyl alcohol, phenol and pyrogallol and it is stated that initial materials such as charcoal, lignite, peat, cellulose, colloidal hydrocarbons, e.g. caoutchouc, balata, tars, organic acids and alcohols may be employed.  Specification 4574/14, [Class 32], is referred to.