Patent GB-190323737-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to Calculating Machines
Inventor: SELLING EDUARD
Filed: 1903-11-02
Granted: 1904-01-07
Abstract: 23,737. Selling, E. Nov. 2. Calculating - apparatus for multiplication &c Machines in which the partial products are formed by lazy-tongs, as in the machine described in Specification No. 8912, A.D. 1886, or for addition or subtraction only, or in which units and tens of the partial products are introduced separately, are provided with mechanism for the carriage of tens, the main parts of which effect only rectilinear movements. Longitudinally-movable figure bars are used for the indicating-mechanism, and all the figures introduced and obtained are recorded or printed. The tens mechanism is so designed that as soon as one of the figure bars passes beyond the single digit limit, i.e., 9 or 0, one-tenth of the excess is first transferred to the next figure bar on the left, whereupon it is moved to such an extent that the said excess is supplemented so as to obtain the next integer, the figure which has passed the 9 or the 0 being simultaneously moved to the tenfold extent of the supplement in the direction opposite to that of its previous movement. This movement of the figure bars is effected by a pair of pantographs in each place. In the machine shown in Figs. 2 and 3 the partial products are formed by means of the lazy-tongs S. The movement of the driving parts or casings c<1>, c<2>, &c., which is in proportion to a partial product, is transmitted to the figure bars n' &c., or u<1 >&c., of each place by a pair of pantographs, the first of which with three rectilinearly-guided hingepins is connected to the second. The second pantograph, e.g., F<2>, G<2>, H', of each place of figures is connected to the first pantograph of the same place A', B<2>, C<2>, D<2> and to the first pantograph of the next right-hand place A', B', C', D' in such manner that the movement to be transmitted from the pin m<2> to the figure bar n<2> is partly produced by the twofold movements of the pin h<1> connecting the pantographs F<3>, G<2>, H<2> and A', B<1>, C<1>, D<1>, and the movements of the pin k<2> connecting the pantographs A<2>, B<2>, C<2>, D<2> and F<2>, G', H<2>. The relations of the sides of the parallelograms of the first and second pantographs adopted are 13 : 27 and 4 : 9 respectively. Assuming that a multiplicand digit 4 is introduced in the casing c' by depressing the key d marked 4, and that a multiplier 8 is introduced by depressing the key t marked 8, the result is that the slide a is released and pulled back by spiral springs until it strikes the lower end of the depressed key t, the figure bar n<1> passes beyond the figure 9 by half the figure interval, and the cam face o of the figure bar raises the pawl f 1. The ratchet frame g<1> and the pin h' are then free, and the second stage of the movement or the pantograph movement takes place. In the third stage of the movement, the spring p<1> becomes operative and pulls the rack frame g<1> and the figure bar n<1> backwards. The pawl f<1> is also released and comes into its operative position. The whole product 32 is then visible in the windows s<2>, s<1>. To return the parts to zero, the upper part M of the machine is shifted laterally, and the slide a is pulled forward by the handle a<2>. By means of equilateral pantographs p<1>, P<2>, &c., equal movements in opposite directions are made by the bars h' &c. and the bars u<1> &c., the bars u<1> &c. thus providing for subtraction. The numbers set or obtained are printed on paper bands V, V<1>, V<2> by the depression of the printing-keys T, T<1>, T<2> In machines for addition or subtraction only, the multiplier digits being limited to + 1 and - 1, the tens mechanism is substantially unaltered, but the lazy-tongs S for forming the partial products, together with the cross-bars b<1>, b<2>, &c. and the slide a, are omitted. In machines in which the units and tens digits of the partial products are introduced separately, characterized by two kinds of short bars being simultaneously introduced in longitudinal direction between the operating parts and a cross-bar always moving through the same length, for the purpose of introducing the unit figures and tens figures of the partial products, the tens mechanism is introduced and is made to co-operate with the remaining parts.