baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-356742-A (GB)
Title: Process for the production of resin-acid derivatives
IPC: C09F1/00
Filed: 1930-06-04
Abstract: Tetrahydroabietic acid is produced by hydrogenating melted or dissolved colophony in the presence of catalysts.ALSO:Resin acids are converted into their anhydrides, e.g. by boiling the acids with acetic anhydride, and the products, which may be purified, e.g. by recrystallization, are treated with compounds which are known to form derivatives by reaction with acid anhydrides, e.g. the products are treated with alcohols, phenols, amides, amines, hydroxyamines, or esters from acids which form distillable anhydrides, or mixtures thereof.  Among the resin acids which may be used are abietic acid, pyroabietic acid, tetrahydroabietic acid, tetrahydroxyabietic acid or halogenized abietic acids.  The process may be carried out at ordinary or increased pressure, and diluents such as anhydrous ether, anhydrous alcohol, benzene, and mixtures of ether and benzene may be employed.  In the examples, (1) abietic acid anhydride is prepared from colophony and acetic anhydride, and may be purified by recrystallization.  The crude or purified anhydride is dissolved in excess of ethyl alcohol and refluxed at 80-150 DEG  C. for a few hours, less time being required when excess pressure is used.  The abietic acid produced may be removed by treatment with dilute alkalis, and the ethyl ester is purified by distillation at 10 mm. pressure.  (2) The various butyl alcohols are substituted for the ethyl alcohol of the previous example.  (3) The phenol ester of abietic acid is produced by heating the anhydride with phenol at 120-150 DEG  C. for 1 to 2 hours.  Excess phenol may be distilled off or washed out together with the abietic acid formed by means of alkalis.  The ester is purified by distillation as before.  (4) A solution of abietic anhydride is stirred while ammonia is passed in. The solvent is then distilled off, and the ammonium salt formed is removed from the abietic amide by direct washing or after decomposition with acids.  The amide is purified by distillation. (5) A process analogous to (3) is used for the preparation of abietic acid anilide, and excess aniline is removed by distillation or by washing with acid before the removal of abietic acid by washing with alkali.  (6) Diethyl phthalate is heated with abietic acid anhydride in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide with or without increased pressure for some hours.  The product is distilled in vacuo, and simultaneously separated into phthalic anhydride and abietic acid ethyl ester.  (7) Pyroabietic acid and (8) tetrahydroxyabietic acid are converted to their anhydrides and used in place of the abietic anhydride of Examples 1-6.  Pyroabietic acid is produced by prolonged heating of colophony, tetrahydroxyabietic acid by oxidation of colophony with potassium permanganate, tetrahydroabietic acid by hydrogenating colophony in the presence of catalysts, and halogenized abietic acids by passing chlorine or other halogen through molten or dissolved colophony.
Patent GB-668476-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to heat exchange apparatus
IPC: F28F3/04
Filed: 1949-06-30
Abstract: 668,476. Corrugating. AKTIEBOLAGET LJUNGSTRONS ANGTURBIN. June 30, 1949 [June 30, 1948], No. 17304/49. Class 83 (iv). [Also in Group XIII] In a plate heat exchanger (see Group XIII) comprising a stack of spaced, corrugated plates of sheet metal, 'the corrugations in all the plates are formed by rolling, and thereafter, the ridges 14 in the plates 10 are formed with a separate set of rolls, the metal being slightly stretched in the forming operation so'that the corrugations 12 disappear from the material forming the ridges.
Patent GB-990222-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for testing colour vision and colour blindness throughout the spectrum, and also for experiments in colour mixing
IPC: A61B3/06
Filed: 1960-05-17
Abstract: 990,222. Colour testing apparatus; sight testing. W. B. NICOLSON (SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS) Ltd.,andR.W.PICKFORD. Aug. 8, 1961 [May 17, 19601, No. 17325/60. Heading G2J. Apparatus which may be used for testing colour blindness and also for experiments in colour mixing comprises a light tight box within which vertical walls 13 define two chambers 16, 17 into which light passes via apertures 21 and shutter assemblies 33 from a light source 20 mounted centrally of the box. The chambers 16 and 17 act as integrating boxes and are separated by a wall 26 which divides a circular aperture at the front of the box into two semi-circles. Over this aperture is mounted a transparent screen in front of which is slidable a plate 30 bearing apertures of different sizes. The colour and intensity of the two light beams which reach the divided aperture in the front of the box after passage through the chambers 16 and 17 are determined by the two shutter assemblies 33. Each shutter assembly comprises a plate 34 on one side of which are vertical tracks 36 in which is slidable a carrier 38 for a holder 37 of two filters. The carrier 38 has a pin 39 engaging a helical track in a member which is carried by a spindle 42 rotatable from outside the box. On the other side of the plate 34 are mounted horizontal guides 44 for a shutter which is movable by a rack and pinion mechanism on rotating a spindle 49. The spindles 42 and 49 terminate in knobs 54 which are provided with pointers moving across calibrated dials 53 so that the operator has information as to the colour and intensity of the light falling on each of the semi-circular apertures.
Patent GB-771159-A (GB)
Title: Means for conveying crushed material from a gyratory crusher having a plurality of discharge openings
IPC: B02C2/02
Filed: 1955-06-16
Abstract: 771,159. Gyratory crushers. KENNEDY, J. E. June 16, 1955, No. 17375/55. Class 59 [Also in Group XXX] Means for conveying crushed material from a gyratory crusher 5 having a pair of discharge openings 6 with associated shoots 7 comprises an endless conveyer 14 extending through a tunnel 13 in a foundation 8 supporting the crusher, and a pair of feed boxes 27, 28 which are adapted to receive the crushed material from the discharge openings and simultaneously deliver it to spaced portions of the conveyer at the ends of the tunnel 13. The delivery opening from the feed box 27 is regulated by an adjustably-mounted gate 32. In a modification, Figs. 3 and 4 (not shown), the conveyer is replaced by a slow moving endless conveyer travelling below the crusher to receive the crushed material from the feed boxes and a fast moving endless conveyer adapted to receive the crushed material from the slow moving conveyer with which it is in alignment.
Patent GB-1325950-A (GB)
Title: Method of impregnating graphite
IPC: C04B41/87
Filed: 1971-05-27
Abstract: 1325950 Impregnating graphite EUROPLAN ATOMIC ENERGY COMMUNITY 27 May 1971 [1 June 1970] 17383/71 Heading DIP [Also in Division C1] Graphite is impregnated with a melt of a material comprising SiO 2  and at least one of the oxides Al 2 O 3 , CaO and MgO which material has a coefficient of thermal expansion less than 10<SP>-5</SP>/‹C. The impregnating material may comprise up to 65% by wt of SiO 2  and may have the general formula 2 MgO, 2 Al 2 O 3 , 5 SiO 2 . The mixture may contain up to 15% by wt. CaF 2  and/or MgF 2  to improve the melt characteristics and may contain up to 3% by weight Fe 2 O 3  and/or up to 5% by wt. of MO 2 Si to improve the wetting characteristics of the melt. During the impregnation the graphite may be placed in a crucible, which may be cylindrical and made of graphite, the impregnating material added to the crucible which is then heated to melt the impregnant when a pressure of between 5 and 150 Kgm/cm<SP>2</SP> is applied to force the molten material into the graphite. The graphite crucible may be impregnated initially with MgO. The pressure may be applied through at least one piston which fits into and enters the crucible. If desired the crucible may be open at both ends, each open end being occupied by a piston through which pressure is applied. The treatment is for rendering the graphite resistant to corrosion and stable at the operating temperature.
Patent GB-362886-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to luminescent gas discharge tubes
IPC: H01J61/94
Filed: 1930-06-05
Abstract: 362,886. Colour photography. CLAUDE NEON LIGHTS, Inc., 41, East 42nd Street, New York, U.S.A.-(Assignees of Beck, L. L. ; 27, Stonleigh Park, Westfield, New Jersey, U.S.A.) June 5, 1930, No. 17435. Convention date, June 26, 1929. Void [Published under Sect. 91 of the Acts]. Drawings to Specification. [Class 98 (ii).] Electric discharge lamps containing gases or vapours giving light in different parts of the spectrum are associated with means to vary the current through the respective tubes and so the colour of the combined light for photography. The red rays from a neon tube may thus be blended with blue rays from a tube containing mercury with or without neon, argon, &c., or from a tube containing argon or krypton, to produce various lights including one which will not distort natural colours. The currents through one or more of the tubes are controlled by rheostats. The tubes operate at low voltages and high currents and have low-voltage electrodes of the hot or alkali metal types. The tubes are preferably so placed that the red rays pass through the mercury tube and blend with the blue rays to avoid colour fringes. Constructional combinations of tubes similar to those described in Specification 362,885 are described.
Patent GB-205849-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in valves of the mushroom type
IPC: F01L3/20
Filed: 1922-06-26
Abstract: 205,849. Lawrie, T'. A., and Gifford, F. G. June 26, 1922. Spindles; dirt and the like, excluding. - The stem of a poppet valve for internal-combustion engines is formed with a shrouding-recess a<2> adapted to fit loosely over the top of the guide d so as to prevent the entrance of waste products of combustion, and also to induce a current of air to flow between the stem and guide for cooling purposes. Helical or parallel ducts c' may be formed in the stem, or guide, or both, for the passage of air. These ducts may alternatively be used for the passage of oil for both cooling and lubricating. The upper part of the stem is curved as shown to facilitate the flow of gases, and this curved part may be formed separate from the head or stem.
Patent GB-985703-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in shuttleless looms
IPC: D03D47/00
Filed: 1961-05-15
Abstract: 985,703. Shuttleless looms. SOC. ALSACIENNE DE CONSTRUCTIONS MECANIQUES. May 15, 1961 [Feb. 14,1961],No. 17525/61. Heading D1E. In a shuttleless loom in which on each pick the weft thread 103 is gripped and carried by a needle 102 to the mid-point of the fabric and there transferred to the other needle (not shown) operating from the other side of the loom, weft thread cutting and clamping means are carried on the batten 101 closely adjacent the edge of the fabric. These means comprise fixed clamping and cutting blades 121,122 with which an intermediate pivotal blade 111 co-operates. The blade 111 is urged downwards by a spring 123 about pivot 113 and is lifted by a fixed projection 125 on the loom frame engaging a lever 126 on the beatup movement of the reed 106 and batten 101 after a pick has been completed. On the return movement of the batten the blade 111 is moved down by spring 123 to hold the thread 103 from the supply bobbin 104 and severe the weft adjacent the edge of the fabric. A gripper blade133 of the needle 102 is held away from a four member 132 thereof by a flange member 138 on the batten when the needle is inoperative but, on the needle being operated to effect a pick, it disengages from the flange 138 to allow the blade 133 to close on to the held end of the thread 103 and carry it into the shed, the spring pressure of the blade 133 being made greater than the holding pressure of blades 111, 121 to allow the release of the thread. Selvedge forming means as in Specification 984,531 may be used in conjunction with the present invention.
Patent GB-1061659-A (GB)
Title: Polymers and copolymers of cyclic acetals and process for preparing them
IPC: C08G2/00
Filed: 1964-04-28
Abstract: A homopolymer or copolymer of a cyclic acetal is prepared by polymerizing the cyclic acetal with or without comonomer at - 70 DEG C. to + 150 DEG  C. in the presence of a completely esterified polyphosphoric acid as catalyst.  The ester may contain phosphite, and may be an alkyl or aryl ester of polyphosphoric acid or of a mixture of polyphosphorous acids and polyphosphoric acids.  The ester may advantageously contain an excess of at least 0.01 mol diphosphorus pentoxide per mol of the basic neutral ester having one phosphorus atom in the molecule and may be present in amount from 0.001 to 5% calculated on the monomer. Specified cyclic acetals are trioxane, glycol, formal, 4-chloro-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, diglycol formal and 1,4-butane diol formal.  Comonomers specified are beta-lactones, specifically beta-propiolactone.  The catalysts may be used with or without solvent in a concentration within the range 0.001 to 5% based on the monomer.  The polymerization may take place in the presence or absence of a solvent, diluent or suspension medium-aliphatic, aromatic, cycloaliphatic and halogenated hydrocarbons being specified.
Patent GB-1181785-A (GB)
Title: Photographic Diffusion Transfer Process and Material Therefor
Inventor: BRUMPTON EDWARD ROBERT
IPC: G03C8/36
Filed: 1966-04-22
Abstract: 1,181,785. Materials for the silver salt diffusion transfer process. KODAK Ltd. April 21, 1967 [April 22, 1966], No.17848/66. Heading G2C. A photographic material for use in the silver salt diffusion transfer process comprises a silver halide emulsion layer overcoated with a swellable, water-permeable hydrophilic colloid layer and contains a 3-pyrozolidone developer in the colloid layer and a 1, 4-dihydroxy benzene developer in the colloid and/or emulsion layer, the ratio by weight of the 3-pyrazolidone to 1, 4-dihydroxy benzene being at least 1:1. The colloid layer may be overcoated with a similar colloid layer containing centres for physical development which is stripped off when moist by a dry layer e.g. paper. When used for the silver salt diffusion transfer process the processing liquid has a pH of 11 or less so as to cause the colloid to swell and may be buffered with sodium carbonate and sodium metaborate and contains a silver halide solvent. Specified swellable colloids are sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, propylene glycol alginate, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose. The silver image may be formed in the presence of a toner in said transfer process e.g. a mixture of 5, 5-dialkyl-4-thiohydantoin, 2-mercapto thiqzoline and 5-alkyl oxazoline -2- thiol or 5, 5-dialkyl 4-thiohydantoin and 1-phenyl-5- mercapto-tetrazole; the hydantoin being in the receiving sheet. The receiving sheet may contain a polyethylene glycol which is a wax at room temperature.
Patent GB-376473-A (GB)
Title: Improved detachable washable and renewable sweat bands, and other headfitting for helmets and other headgear
IPC: A42C5/02
Filed: 1931-06-20
Abstract: 376,473. Hats &c. ALLUM, A. E., 70, Rose Hill Park West, Sutton, Surrey. June 20, 1931, No. 17874. Addition to 325,445 and 339,561, [both in Class 63, Hats &c.]. [Class 63.] Sweat-bands.-In the detachable sweat-band mounting described in Specifications 325,445 and 339,561, an additional securing means is provided. for the brow band, this being provided with a tab projecting from its upper edge apertured to engage a hook secured to the helmet. The hook may be of the tumbler type shown, a bent arm being pivoted to a shank portion secured to the helmet. The arm is moved to the position shown in dotted lines when the tab is to be positioned or removed.
Patent GB-201008-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or connected with set screws and the like
IPC: F16B35/00
Filed: 1922-06-29
Abstract: 201,008. Mavor &. Coulson, Ltd., and Davies, A. W. June 29, 1922. Set-screws.- A set-screw of the type in which the point is capable of rotation about the axis of the screw, for use as a substitute for the usual cupped and hardened grub-screw, is provided with a spherical pad B, which is partially enclosed by the sides of the socket A, and has a seating 2 constituting its base and a cutting edge 3 at the head. The pad B is made from a hardened steel ball, and the sides of the socket A extend above the centre of the ball.
Patent GB-821107-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the polymerisation of olefins
Inventor: TELFER ROBERT GILMOUR JAMIESON
IPC: C08F2/00
Filed: 1956-06-11
Abstract: A catalyst suitable for the polymerization of olefins consists of a reaction product of a compound of a transitional metal occupying one of the 4th to 10th places after an inert gas in one of the long periods of the Thomsen-Bohr Periodic System with a complex organometallic compound of zinc and a metal selected from alkaline earth metals, alkali metals, and magnesium.  The transitional metal compound may be a halide, oxyhalide, complex fluoride, alcoholate, acetate, benzoate, or acetylacetonate of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, thorium, uranium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, manganese, molybdenum, tungsten, or mixtures thereof.  Exemplified catalysts are the reaction product of calcium zinc ethyl and titanium tetrachloride, the reaction product of lithium zinc butyl and titanium tetrachloride, and a calcium zinc alkyl with titanium trichloride.ALSO:Olefins are polymerized in the presence of a reaction medium comprising a catalyst formed by reacting a compound of a transitional metal occupying one of the 4th to 10th places after an inert gas in one of the long periods of the Thomsen-Bohr Period System with a complex organo-metallic compound of zinc and a metal selected from alkaline earth metals, alkali metals, and magnesium. The olefin may be ethylene, propylene, styrene, or butadiene. The transitional metal compound may be a halide, oxyhalide, complex fluoride, alcoholate, acetate, benzoate, or acetylacetonate of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, thorium, uranium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, manganese, molybdenum, or tungsten, and mixtures. Preferred compounds are titanium trichloride or tetrachloride, vanadium tetrachloride, molybdenum pentachloride and tungsten hexachloride.  The reaction medium may be a solvent for the olefin or it may be the olefin provided it is in the liqud state.  Further quantities of the complex organo-metallic-compound and/or transition metal compound may be added to the reaction medium as required. Pressure from below atmospheric pressure to 100 atmospheres and temperatures from -80 DEG  C. to +300 DEG  C. may be used in the polymerization process.  In examples, ethylene is polymerized in the presence of a catalyst consisting of the reaction product of calcium zinc ethyl and titanium tetrachloride, propylene with the same catalyst as above, propylene with the reaction product of lithium zinc butyl and titanium tetrachloride and propylene with a calcium zinc alkyl prepared as described in J.A.C.S. 67, 520, 1945, and titanium trichloride.
Patent GB-582316-A (GB)
Title: Dithiofuroates
IPC: C07D307/68
Filed: 1944-09-21
Abstract: Amine salts of dithio-furoic acid are prepared by reacting together furfural, sulphur, a primary aliphatic amine and hydrogen sulphide. The reaction is illustrated by the following equation, using cyclohexylamine: <FORM:0582316/IV/1> Generally an excess of hydrogen sulphide is employed, but an excess of any of the reactants may be used.  The reaction temperature is ordinarily between 30 DEG  and 70 DEG  C., the range of 45 DEG  to 50 DEG  C. being preferred.  The term "aliphatic" includes saturated and unsaturated, straight and branched chain aliphatic radicals, alicyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals and substituted aliphatic radicals such as aralkyl radicals and the furfuryl and tetrahydrofurfuryl radicals.  Thus, amines specified are isopropylamine, n-butylamine, ac-tetrahydronaphthyl amines, allylamine, beta-phenethylamine and ethylene diamine.  In an example, 48 grams of furfural, 20 grams of sulphur and 50 grams of cyclohexylamine in 200 c.cs. of benzene are stirred at 45-50 DEG  C. and hydrogen sulphide passed in, whereupon red crystals of cyclohexyl ammonium dithiofuroate separate out and are removed. In place of benzene there may be used other solvents such as ethyl acetate, alcohol or the reactants may be dispersed in water.  The products are useful as accelerators in the vulcanization of rubber and rubber-like materials derived by polymerizing butadiene with or without other polymerizable materials such as styrene and acrylonitrile.  Samples have been furnished under Sect. 2 (5) of isopropyl ammonium dithiofuroate prepared by passing hydrogen sulphide into a benzene solution of furfural, sulphur and isopropyl amine and filtering off the amine salt and of ethyl ammonium dithiofuroate prepared similarly, ethylamine in aqueous solution being mixed with a benzene solution of the other reactants and hydrogen sulphide passed in.
Patent GB-313504-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in transmitting and receiving apparatus for use in television and telecinematography
IPC: H04N3/10
Filed: 1929-06-12
Abstract: 313,504. Thurm, L. June 12, 1928, [Convention date]. Television.-The object is explored by a number of photo-electric cells 1, Fig. 1, the variable current produced in each cell by variations in the light falling on it is amplified and passed to the primary 3 of a transformer, the secondaries 4 of all the transformers are connected in series in the modulating circuit of a telephone transmitter 5, and the current produced by each cell is interrupted at a fixed frequency which is different for each cell. At the receiver the signals, after detection and amplification, operate an atonic telephone 9 to vibrate a movable part 10. The part 10 is connected by stretched silk or other threads 11 to tuning forks 12, which correspond in number to the cells at the transmitter and in individual natural frequency to the frequency at which the current of the corresponding cell is interrupted. Each fork vibrates in the magnetic field of a coil 13 to produce a current of the same form as that in the corresponding cell, and this current after amplication actuates a lamp 15 having small luminous inertia, for example a neon lamp. Specification 284,717 is referred to.