Patent ES-355042-A1 (ES)
Title: Method of butt welding tubes
IPC: B23K9/028
Filed: 1968-06-15
Abstract: In M.I.G. butt welding of tubes of the same or differing diameters, two tubes are rotatably cradled end-to-end on motor-driven rollers 46 beneath a stationary welding head 47. The speed of the rollers 46 and hence the tubes, the arc voltage, and the electrode wire feed speed are co-ordinated by a control circuit in the following sequence: (i) Start, over a minor portion (say #- inch) of the tube circumference, with "fast start" roller speed, and "initial" arc voltage and wire feed speed (ii) continuing, to completion of first revolution, with "initial" roller speed (usually slower than "fast start") and "initial" arc voltage and wire feed speed (iii) continuing, on the second revolution over a portion of the tube circumference slightly more than that of "fast start", with "surge" roller speed, arc voltage and (usually increased) wire feed speed, to achieve a smooth lap by increasing penetration while burning through the "fast start" deposit and (iv) continuing to completion of the second revolution, with "subsequent" roller speed, arc voltage and wire feed speed. The second revolution pass may be followed by further passes. The first revolution pass is preferably spray arc and further passes spray or short-circuit arc. The welding head 47 is swung relatively to the joint by a pneumatic cylinder 54 acting through a crank 56 and shaft 55, and has a manual centring positioner 67 and motor-driven vertical and horizontal positioners (68), 69. A motordriven wire drive 65 has a tachometer 70. The torch, 64, is manually angularly positionable about a swivel joint 71. The rollers 46 may be a mixture of hard rubber and smooth steel, or, as shown, of electrically conducting steel and knurled. Hold-down roller assemblies 75, 79 are actuated by pneumatic cylinders (80). Bars 123 for rolling-off the completed workpiece, and conical roller bars 127 facilitating workpiece sliding are tiltable by pneumatic cylinders 124, 129. A pneumatically actuated tube stop 119 is provided for location of the first-introduced tube. A gas purge assembly (Fig. 20, not shown), used for the first pass only, is mounted within the workpiece. To accommodate differing tube diameters, the rollers supporting one tube may, as shown, be mounted on a table portion 85, vertically adjustable by a motor 93, and right and left hand roller drive motors 99, 107 may be driven at differing speeds by using of variable resistor (632) in series with one of the motor armatures. In a first embodiment, the sequence is determined by timers and a limit switch assembly, Fig. 4, which comprises a cam 171 engageable with adjustably positioned limit switches 163, 165, 167, 169 and carried by a rack 145 geared to a friction wheel 139. On energization of a solenoid (not shown), the friction wheel is engaged by a wheel 135 driven from one of the roller shafts, thereby raising the rack as the rollers rotate. On solenoid de-energization, the rack is returned by a spring 157. The circuit for this embodiment (Figs. 5, 5a, not shown), includes a roller speed section (Fig. 8, not shown) having potentiometers for "fast start", "initial", "surge" and "subsequent", an arc voltage section (Fig. 9, not shown) having potentiometers for "initial", "surge" and "subsequent", and a wire feed speed section (Fig. 6, not shown), having potentiometers for "initial", "surge" and "subsequent" and also for wire inching prior to arc striking. The circuit also controls a control box cooling fan, forward and reverse wire feed, cooling water, and shielding gas, timers being provided to briefly extend welding power and gas flow at the end of the operation. In a second embodiment, the sequence is determined by timers and a limit switch assembly, Fig. 11, which comprises a conical variable periphery cam 409 and a cam series 419 driven from one of the roller shafts through a permanent magnet wheel 395, solenoid-engaged with a sample 399 of one of the tubes being welded, and a magnetic clutch 403. The cams are returned by a torque absorbing motor 413. Limit switches associated with the cam 409 determine "surge", and limit switches associated with the series 419 are divided into two groups respectively determining the total number of passes and the number of spray arc passes before short-circuit arc passes.