baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-398796-A (GB)
Title: A process for the reduction of carboxylic acids and their derivatives
IPC: C07C29/149
Filed: 1931-12-17
Abstract: The reduction of the carboxylic groups of carboxylic acids, or their derivatives such as esters, halides, amides, and anhydrides, is effected by treatment with atomic hydrogen, whereby aldehydes, alcohols, and finally hydrocarbons are produced.  The atomic hydrogen may be obtained by subjecting molecular hydrogen under reduced pressure to an electrical glow discharge, by passing molecular hydrogen through an electric arc between tungsten electrodes, or by exposing a quartz tube containing molecular hydrogen and a drop of mercury to the rays of a mercury lamp.  The process is stated to be particularly suitable for the reduction of higher fatty acids and their derivatives, and an example is given of the reduction of ethyl laurate to lauryl alcohol by treatment with hydrogen in a Wood's apparatus [Phil. Mag. (6), 42, 729 (1921)].  It is stated that other fatty acid esters, e.g. the glycerides, or the fatty acids themselves, as well as naphthenic and resinic and other high-molecular acids or their derivatives, can be converted similarly into the corresponding high-molecular alcohols.ALSO:The reduction of the carboxylic groups of carboxylic acids or their derivatives is effected by treatment with atomic hydrogen, which may be obtained by subjecting molecular hydrogen under reduced pressure to an electrical glow discharge, by passing molecular hydrogen through an electric arc between tungsten electrodes, or by exposing a quartz tube containing molecular hydrogen and a drop of mercury to the rays of a mercury lamp.  An example is given of the reduction of ethyl laurate to lauryl alcohol by treatment with hydrogen in a Wood's apparatus [Phil. Mag. (6), 42, 729 (1921)].
Patent GB-1457275-A (GB)
Title: Growth of crystalline material
IPC: C30B15/22
Filed: 1973-07-23
Abstract: 1457275 Measuring moment of inertia of rotors DEFENCE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR 22 July 1974 [23 July 1973] 35058/73 Heading G1N [Also in Divisions B1 and G3] A system for controlling the cross-sectional area of a crystal when being grown from a melt comprises a crystal puller fitted with means for measuring the effective inertial mass of the crystal when being pulled. As shown, in Fig. 1 a crucible 5 is heated by an induction heater grid 11 to produce a melt 7. A pull rod 1 suspended from and rotated by a torque motor 3 carries a crystal seed 9a in which the crystal is grown from the melt, the rod 1 and torque motor 3 being raised by motor 13. A current source 19 provides simultaneously D.C. and A.C. components of power to motor 3. The D.C. component is used to rotate the armature 6 and the crystal at a steady rate, whilst the A.C. component is used to provide superimposed on the steady rotation an oscillatory motion of the armature 6. It is stated that in these circumstances the moment of inertia of the armature is represented by the capacitance of the armature winding and this is measured in a bridge 21 (Fig. 2). The fixed moment of inertia of the armature 6, rod 1 and seed 9a is subtracted at 31 to produce an output signal representative only of the moment of inertia of the crystal 9. A signal representative of the position of the rod 1 at any given time is produced by indicator 25 and fed along with the signal from the inertia gauge 21 to a comparator 23 which produces an output control signal to modulate the power supplied to the heater coil 11.
Patent GB-817110-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to magnetic damping devices
IPC: G01R11/10
Filed: 1956-11-16
Abstract: 817,110. Magnetic brakes. WESTING- HOUSE ELECTRIC INTERNATIONAL CO. Nov. 16, 1956 [Nov. 18, 1955], No. 35098/56. Class 35. [Also in Group XXXVI] In a magnetic damping assembly 143, such as for a multi-element induction instrument, e.g. a three-wire circuit watthour meter, comprising a permanent magnet 147 having two coplanar magnetically opposed pole faces 151, 152 which with two spaced polepieces 158, 159 forming an armature 156 define two air gaps 160, 161 for receiving an electro-conductive disc 39, the magnitude of the magnet flux traversing the air gaps is variable by adjustment of a magnetic shunt 165 which engages one surface of a non-magnetic plate 162 on the other surface of which is carried the armature 156. A non- magnetic portion 157, e.g. an air gap spaces the polepieces 158, 159, and the carrying plate 162 is secured to a supporting frame 85 by stated extensions 163. The shunt 165 is adjusted by a screw member 173 which is biased by a compression spring 183 and engages clearance and screw-threaded opening 169, 170 in the shunt terminal portions 167, 168; the shunt central portion 166 is biased to engage the plate 162 by a bronze spring member 184 compressed between a guide slot 200 in a frame projection 115 and shunt terminal portion extensions 167a, 168a, and the spring member terminal part 188 is proportioned to engage the disc lower bearing assembly 123 before the screw member 173 reaches the shunt screw-threaded terminal portion 168 to prevent accidental disengagement of the shunt. Preferably there are two such magnet assemblies at diametrically opposed areas of the disc 39. Specifications 812,903 and 812,904, [both in Group XXXVI], are referred to.
Patent GB-464303-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in writing or like boards
IPC: B43L1/00
Filed: 1935-12-18
Abstract: 464,303. Coated fabrics. IBENDORFF, R. Dec. 18, 1935, No. 35110. Drawings to Specification. [Class 140] [Also in Group XV] A writing, painting, or modelling board is formed from a support of impregnated felt having a coating on one or both sides preferably formed from a mixture of charcoal, soot, graphite, powdered pumice, and ground slate in a binding-material which may consist of resin dissolved in a volatile essential oil, commercial mat lacquer, or a mixture of resin and fat ; alternatively, the coating may consist of the material known under the Registered Trade Mark " Plasticene."
Patent GB-503985-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to curtain heading tape
IPC: A47H13/16
Filed: 1937-12-18
Abstract: 503,985. Curtain - heading tapes. FRENCH & SONS, Ltd., T., and FRENCH, G. F. Dec. 18, 1937, No. 35145. [Class 142 (iv)] [Also in Group XIV] The tape is formed at intervals along its length and in each edge with gaps or recesses b<1>, b<2> opposite one another so that when sewn to a curtain the narrow parts c of the tape are left free to form, in conjunction with the curtain, hook tubes or passages for the suspension hooks. The tape may be woven by the use of an Ondule reed or may be formed to tubular section at the narrow parts. Fig. 5 shows a form in which free warp threads are left across the gaps. Two or more wefts may be laid in each warp shed and drawcords may be provided for pleating.
Patent GB-1352654-A (GB)
Title: Ion source which makes use of a microwave resonant cavity
IPC: H01J27/18
Filed: 1972-07-27
Abstract: 1352654 lon sources COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE 27 July 1972 [29 July 1971] 35211/72 Heading H1D An ion source comprises a resonant microwave cavity 50 energized by microwaves through an antenna 9 and influenced by a static magnetic field from coils 19, 20 such that electron cyclotron resonance is obtained in the cavity. Gas admitted through opening 13 is ionized in a dielectric cylinder 14 and the ions are extracted through an expansion cup electrode 17 having an aperture 41, and thence to extraction electrodes 18. Electrode 17 is of soft iron to shield the extraction system from the magnetic field. In Fig. 6, not shown, the dielectric cylinder 14 is replaced by a soft iron cylinder (23) which is a continuation of the gas inlet pipe and is also part of a magnetic yoke carrying coils (32, 33). The cylinder (23) terminates adjacent aperture 41.
Patent GB-836259-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to hole-boring apparatus
Inventor: POMERANCE ISRAEL
IPC: E21B19/00
Filed: 1957-11-13
Abstract: 836,259. Boring earth. ROBOT AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY CO. Ltd. Nov. 6, 1958 [Nov. 13, 1957], No. 35425/57. Class 85 Rotary earth boring apparatus is characterized in that the boring tube and bit are raised and lowered by means comprising a rope or chain connected at one end to the top of the boring tube and passing upwardly over a pulley mounted on a frame member extending parallel to the bit and then downwardly with its other end connected to an endless rope or chain carried on two pulleys or sprockets mounted on said frame member, and means for driving one or both pulleys in a direction to raise or lower the boring tube. In a modification, the lifting rope is not connected to the endless rope but passes under a pulley mounted on the endless rope and is then dead-ended on the frame, so that the movement of the free end of the lifting rope is twice that of the endless rope.
Patent GB-1085669-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for thinning plants out
IPC: A01B41/04
Filed: 1964-08-28
Abstract: 1,085,669. Agricultural apparatus. RECTIFICATION NAMUROISE. Aug. 28, 1964 [Aug. 28, 1963], No. 35450/64. Heading A1B. An apparatus for thinning out plants comprises an arm 4 carrying a member 13 rotatable in a plane disposed at an angle relative to the ground. The member carries radially disposed cranks 19, 17 on which are mounted tools 18, and a substantially triangularly shaped cam 27. For plant thinning the cam is in the inoperative position shown in which it abuts a stop 25, but when it is desired to preserve plants a lever 24 is operated either automatically at regular intervals or manually to move the cam to a position in which it abuts a stop 26 and engages the inner arms 19 of the cranks to raise the tools 18. The member is driven via chains 31, 28 and gearing by a motor 3. The position of the member relative to the ground can be varied by actuation of a lever 9 which causes the arm 4 to pivot about point 5.
Patent GB-446113-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to intermittent rotary power transmission mechanism
IPC: F16D41/08
Filed: 1935-12-07
Abstract: 446,113. Friction ratchets. TAGG, J. F., and TAGG, G., 38, Sutton Street, Newcastle. Dec. 7, 1935, No. 35512 /34. [Class 80 (iii)] An oscillating disc c, c<1>, journalled on a shaft b, has pivoted thereto a pair of links d carrying friction shoes d<1> which are normally urged against the interior face of a drum a, secured to the shaft b, by springs e, whereby the shaft is intermittently rotated in one direction. The shoes may be withdrawn from contact with the drum by moving a sleeve g towards the disc c, the sleeve carrying pins g<2> which pass through the disc and which have tapered ends g<3> co-operating with the links d.
Patent GB-1275771-A (GB)
Title: Liquid phase oxidation of condensed ring aromatic hydrocarbons
IPC: C09C1/48
Filed: 1969-07-15
Abstract: 1275771 Liquid phase oxidation of condensed ring aromatic compounds ASHLAND OIL Inc 15 July 1969 [15 July 1968] 35659/69 Heading C2C A process for the preparation of condensed ring aromatic ketones comprises contacting a feed stock which is a " middle creosote oil " boiling between about 340‹ and 700‹ F. and containing anthracene, fluorene, their derivatives, mixtures of these materials with one another or with contaminants with a gas containing molecular oxygen and a catalyst comprising at least one heavy metal or heavy metal compound, the heavy metal having an atomic number of less than 84, the reaction occurring in the liquid phase in a solvent containing mineral and/or C 1-4  carboxylic acids. Preferably a bromine compound, e.g. KBr is present and manganese or cobalt acetate in acetic acid is the preferred catalyst-solvent system. The process is suitable for the oxidation of anthracene and phenanthrene and carbazole, for a coal liquid boiling between 500‹ and 700‹ F., only the anthracene and/or fluorene undergoing oxidation. In examples anthracene together with phenanthrene, carbazole or benzene is oxidized to anthraquinone in acetic acid in the presence of cobalt and manganese acetate or cerous chloride of nickelous acetate or stannous chloride and potassium bromide. Fluorene is oxidized in acetic acid in the presence of manganese and cobalt acetate and potassium bromide to fluorenone.
Patent GB-1243138-A (GB)
Title: Load-bearing structural panels for aircraft landing mats and the like
Inventor: BRAEUNINGER KARL FRIEDRICH
IPC: E04C2/36
Filed: 1969-07-16
Abstract: 1,243,138. Temporary roadways. DOW CHEMICAL CO. 16 July, 1969 [22 July, 1968], No. 35727/69. Heading E1G. Load-bearing planks, e.g. of aluminium, for a temporary roadway or airstrip are hollow with surface members 12 and 14 spaced apart by longitudinal webs 16, and the channels 18 between the webs are reinforced by short inserts 20 of metal, plastics or wood having an X-shaped cross-section with a resilient retaining arm 24 and optional side members 22, the inserts being held in place by pressure of the arm 24 on the channel wall. The inserts 20 may be further secured by adhesive or heat expansion of plastics. The plank shown in Fig. 3 has flanges 26 for interlocking with adjacent planks.
Patent GB-925040-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to two-channel radio direction finders
IPC: G01S1/02
Filed: 1961-10-05
Abstract: 925,040. Two channel radio direction finders; gain control of transistor amplifiers. TELEFUNKEN PATENTVERWERTUNGS G.m.b.H. Oct. 5, 1961 [Oct. 27, 1960], No. 35885/61. Classes 40 (6) and 40 (7). In a radio direction finder of the two channel type comprising an amplifier in each channel consisting of a plurality of cascaded amplifier stages 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, with associated amplification determining feed-back paths, each path includes two selectable resistances of different values, whereby, by means of changeover switches, simultaneously and similarly operable on both amplifiers, the amplification of the two amplifiers can be varied in similar steps by changing over the selectable resistances in the feed-back paths stage by stage. In the grounded emitter transistor amplifier shown, a first feed-back path to ground for each stage comprises resistances such as 1d and 1g, while the second feedback paths include the forward resistances of diode 1a for stage 1 and that of diodes 2a 1  and 2a 2 , &c. for stages 2 to 5. The diodes are opened to switch to the second feed-back path by potentials applied at points 1b to 5b, applied potentials at 2b to 5b switching all the proceeding double-diode stages. The values of the feed-back path resistances may be so chosen that the amplification of stage 1 is switchable from 1 to a<SP>1</SP>/ 2  and the amplification of stages 2 to 5 is switchable from 1 to a. In addition, each channel may comprise a continuously variable amplification control (Fig. 2, not shown) comprising a variable voltage divider having two diodes acting as voltage sensitive capacitances with their capacitances varied by a direct current and so connected that capacitance changes due to alternating voltages are cancelled out.
Patent GB-788166-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the recovery of solid matter from gases by filtration with filters of the multiple bag type
IPC: B01D46/04
Filed: 1954-12-13
Abstract: 788,166. Filtering gases. CABOT, Inc., G. L. May 3, 1955 [Dec. 13, 1954], No. 35951/54. Class 8(2). A plurality of outward flow gas filter bags 15 through which gas is drawn by a fan 20 are suspended by spiders 16 and hooks 17 from stationary rods 125 within each of a plurality of compartments 122 in parallel and are secured to an apertured plate 123 so as to remain free of vibration during periodic cleaning of each compartment in turn which is effected by a reverse flow of clean gas from a plenum chamber 18 being forced by a fan 22 at a greater rate than the normal rate of gas flow through a duct 21 leading to the head of the compartment 122 being cleaned ; a damper 127 in a duct 126 connectirig the compartment 122 with the chamber 18 being closed by a compressed air actuated jack 241. The supply of air to the jack is controlled by electromagnetically operated valves controlled by a clock which also serves to energize a motor driving the fan 22.. Each compartment has its own fan 22 and damper 127 and is connected to a common plenum chamber. The filter bags are of glass fibre.
Patent GB-451565-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to adjustable inductances
IPC: H01F17/04
Filed: 1935-12-30
Abstract: 451,565. Inductances. MICHAELIS, E., 14, Talbot Square, Hyde Park, London. Dec. 30, 1935, No. 36008. Convention date, Dec. 28, 1934. [Class 37] A variable self inductance com prises a coil d on an inner core mem ber c<1> terminating at one end in a flange c which may or may not be con tinued as a return magnetic path c<2>, the other end of the core c<1> having an annular core part e with an airgap around it and the part c<1>, the mean length of the magnetic flux path in iron being varied by relative longitudinal movement between the parts. The part c<1>, Fig. 8, may have the shape shown so that the mean length variation is accompanied by a variation in magnetic cross-section.
Patent GB-431029-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in cigarette or the like cartons
IPC: A24F15/18
Filed: 1934-12-15
Abstract: 431,029. Cartons for cigarettes etc.; matches. JOHNSON, R. H., 71A, Allerton Road, Mossley Hill, and DARCH, J. C., 30, Croxteth Grove, both in Liverpool. Dec. 15, 1934, No. 36028. [Class 18] [See also Group XII] A drawer-and-shell carton for cigarettes &c., is provided with a row of matches 18 formed by doubling over a portion of the front wall 16 of the drawer, slitting the doubled-over portion, and dipping the ends 20. Scorings 22 facilitate detachment of the matches. A striking surface is provided on the carton, e.g. on a side face of the shell, or on the front face of the wall 16 just below the matches. The shell may be open at one or both ends.
Patent GB-415393-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in, or relating to, automatic circuit-breakers
IPC: H01H73/50
Filed: 1932-12-20
Abstract: 415,393. Automatic circuit-breakers. CRABTREE, J. A., Endwood, Little Aston Park, Sutton Coldfield. Dec. 20, 1932, Nos. 36040/32 and 703/33. [Class 38 (v).] A double-plate housing i containing the locking toggles e, e<1> and f, f<1>, and the trip catch g which is pivoted at g<3>and has lever arms g, g<1>, g<2> for engagement, respectively with the link f<1>, the thermal release h, and overload solenoid plunger i<1>, and an arm c carrying a roller c<1> bearing on the movable contact arm b<1>, all as set out in Specification 415,129, has an aperture k<2> for engagement by an eccentric k on a spindle k<1> journalled in the main housing plates j whereby the housing i<1> can be rotated as a whole about the pivot d' of the operating handle d, so adjusting the position of g<1> with respect to the element h. Alternatively Fig. 2 (not shown) a nut may be pivoted in the frame i at the pivot of c and engaged by a screw-member extending to the handle end of frame j. Calibration of the assembled breaker is effected by passing a tripping current through h until it reaches its distorted position, adjusting the frame i gradually up to the member h until the breaker just trips, and then securing the adjustment device. In this way inequalities in manufacture of the breakers in quantities can be compensated for. Both Provisional Specifications contain small modifications in detail and one refers to Specification 412,606.
Patent GB-998656-A (GB)
Title: Process for the manufacture of ortho-aminophenol-ª‰-hydroxyethyl-sulphone sulphuric acid esters
IPC: C09B62/51
Filed: 1961-10-06
Abstract: Ortho - aminophenol - b  - hydroxyethyl-sulphone sulphuric acid esters of the formula <FORM:0998656/C2/1> are made by treating a b -hydroxyethylsul phonyl benzoxazolone of the formula <FORM:0998656/C2/2> in which R represents a hydrogen or halogen atom or an alkyl, amino or nitro group, with sulphuric acid of 85% to 95% at a raised tem perature, preferably within the range of about 110 DEG  and 160 DEG  C.  The starting materials may be made by reducing ortho-nitrophenol-b -hydroxy-ethyl sulphones which may contain substituents, and reacting the alkaline reaction mixtures with phosgene, or by reducing benzoxazolone sul phochlorides which may contain substituents to obtain the corresponding sulphinic acids, and reacting these compounds, for example, with b -chloroethyl alcohol. The benzoxazolones may also be made by demethylating ortho-anisidine-b -hydroxy-ethyl sulphones which may be sub stituted, and reacting the dissolved ortho aminophenol -b  - hydroxyethylsulphones with phosgene.  Aminobenzoxazolone - b  - hydroxy ethylsulphones can also be made by catalytic reduction of the corresponding nitrobenzoxazolone-b -hydroxyethylsulphones. Examples des cribe the preparation of 2-aminophenol-4-b -hydroxyethylsulphone sulphuric acid ester and the corresponding 6-nitro, 6-amino and 6 bromo derivatives, and 2-aminophenol-5-b -hydroxyethylsulphone sulphuric acid and its 4-chloro and 4-methyl derivatives. Specification 938,145 is referred to.
Patent GB-513252-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to electric communication systems
IPC: H04M7/16
Filed: 1937-12-30
Abstract: 513,252. Automatic exchange systems. TELEPHONE MANUFACTURING CO. Ltd., and PEARSON, F. S. Dec. 30, 1937, No. 36101. [Class 40 (iv)] In a system in which an inter-office junction carries one or more carrier channels, the calling signal for a channel is conveyed by means of a current obtained by modulating the carrier with a frequency, e.g. 2850 c.p.s., above the speech range. Signalling may be effected by applying such a current to the junction or, as in the embodiment described, by interrupting a normally applied current. In this system the same current is used for conveying selecting impulses. The same figure is used to illustrate both ends of a two-way junction and, to make the following description clearer, circuit elements at the incoming end in the call described will be given the suffix 1 although they appear in the drawing without it. When the operator plugs into the junction, sleeve relay S pulls up, lights line lamp LL and energizes CO which disconnects the circuit from the automatic switches over which incoming calls are set up, and energizes 10 over the cord circuit (not shown). 10 energizes T which disconnects the pilot tone source from the modulator (not shown) connected at MOD. In the similar circuit at the incoming end I 1 , which is de-energized while the pilot tone is being received, energizes IA 1  which energizes IB 1  connects I0 1  across the line A 1 , B 1  and starts the finder over a circuit (not shown). When'the finder switches through, I0 1  pulls to energize Q 1  which interacts with P 1  to operate T 1  intermittently and so give a flicker dialling signal in lamp LL at the outgoing end by the repeated operation and release of I, IA. The calling operator then dials and the impulses are repeated by I0, T, I 1 , IA 1  to the selecting switches, IO 1  being shunted by C 1  during each digit. The first digit also goes to the driving magnet OM 1  of a minor switch associated with the incoming end of the junction, this driving circuit being interrupted by D 1  at the end of the digit for values up to 9. D 1  also,disconnects P 2  to stop the dialling signal. Tone current now modulates the carrier steadily to keep the lamp LL alight. The usual reversal when the called party replies energizes LA 1 . Q 1  is released, the tone signal is removed and the lamp LL goes out. If the digit dialled is O, O 1  is operated at the end of the digit, sends back ringing tone, lights lamp LL 1  and energizes CO 1  which disconnects the incoming junction from the switches and connects it to jack LV 1 . If the called party clears first, LA 1  falls, Q 1  pulls up and the tone signal goes back releasing I; IA to light lamp LL and release IB. When the operator clears at the calling end, S, CO, IO, T fall back and the tone signal goes forward, releasing I 1 , IA 1 , IB 1  there. If the calling end clears first, the tone signal goes forward to give the clearing signal and in due course T 1  falls and sends a signal back to release I, IA, IB. The switch at the called end goes home when IB 1  falls.