Patent GB-455849-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture of artificial silk, films and like products
IPC: D01F1/10
Filed: 1935-01-25
Abstract: The affinity for dyestuffs, particularly acid dyestuffs, of artificial silk, films, &c., made from solutions and masses of cellulose derivatives and synthetic resins in organic solvents, is improved by incorporating in the solution &c. an artificial resin containing as a substituent giving the body an alkylating function, reactive halogen, an alkylene oxide group, a halogen alkyl ether group, a sulphonic acid ester group or a sulphuric acid ester group, and by treating the thread &c. during or after its production with an amine, an amine derivative or another substance capable of forming basic groups.  The following are examples of classes of artificial resins that may be so added: (1) resins obtained by condensation of halogenalkylarylsulphonamides with aldehyde, as by heating to 100--120 DEG  C., in the presence of organic acid; (2) salicylide-like resins produced by heating halogenalkyl derivatives of hydrocarboxylic acids, for example, chloromethoxybenzoic acids, with acetic anhydride or other acid condensing agent; (3) products of reaction of halogen acylchlorides on the products of oxyethylation of acid condensation products of phenol and formaldehyde, for example, such a condensation product is heated with ethylene oxide under alkaline conditions, and the ether formed treated with chloracetyl chloride; (4) halogen alkyl ethers of the acid condensation products of phenol and formaldehyde, the preparation being carried out by mild heating of the hydroxy ethers obtained under (3) above, with thionyl chloride &c., or reaction of an alkali compound of the resin with a dihalogen compound, preferably an alkylene dihalide; (5) products of reaction of resins containing an alcoholic hydroxyl group with dialkylaminosulphonic acid chlorides; (6) resins obtained by polymerization and containing halogenacyl radicles, for example, polyvinyl chloracetate, mixed polymerization products from vinyl chloracetate and vinyl chloride, and polyglycide chloracetate; (7) resins containing the chlorohydroxypropyl ether group prepared, for example, by reaction of epichlorhydrin on the products of oxyalkylation of acid-condensed phenol-aldehyde resins or on a partly saponified polyvinyl ester of an organic acid, or the glycide ethers obtained from chlorohydroxypropyl ethers by treatment with an acid-binding agent; (8) resins containing a halogen fatty acid radicle obtained from polybasic acids and polyhydric alcohols, for example, by heating in tetrahydronaphthalene, glycerin, phthalic or glycollic acid and monochloracetic acid, or as an alternative by condensing a dibasic acid with a polyhydric alcohol, and then esterifying the free hydroxyl group into halogen acetic acid; (9) halogenated resins from polyalkylbenzenes and formaldehyde.  For the subsequent conversion of the added resin, there may be used ammonia, monomethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, piperidine, morpholine, tetramethylmethylene diamine, ethylene diamine, as-dimethylethylene diamine, piperazine, ethylene imine, dimethyl isohexylamine, pyridine, dimethyl aminoacetic acid ethyl ester, dimethyl-meta-xylylene diamine, para-acetaminobenzyldimethylamine, o -dimethylaminoacetanilide, salicyldimethylaminoethanol, isoquinoline, dimethylaniline, hexamethylenetetramine, triethylphosphine and ethylene thiourea. The amine &c. may be employed in the form of vapour or in solution, and in the presence of solvents or swelling agents and in the form of salts such as carbonates which dissociate in solution; and the reaction may be carried out in the presence of a reducing agent or a substance that binds oxygen, for example, formaldehyde, or in the presence of a bleaching agent and in the presence of moisture; and the reaction may be effected during the manufacture of the thread &c., as by the addition of the amine, &c., to the spinning solution or to the coagulation bath or to the evaporative medium.  The amine &c. may be incorporated with the usual preparations for treating artificial threads, or it may be applied by spraying, padding or printing; and the reaction may be brought about or assisted by steaming or dry heat treatment.  If the spinning solutions &c. contain easily hydrolyzable halogen it is advantageous to add in order to obviate the danger of corrosion, an alkylene oxide such as propylene oxide, cyclohexine oxide and phenoxy propene oxide; and the alkylene oxide also acts as an agent for binding nitrogen. The choice of dyestuffs fast to sublimation is increased, the range of indigosols is increased, and the production of bottom dyeings which are capable of discharge is facilitated.  Effects are produced by printing or spraying the amine locally; and in the case of cellulose ester goods a further effect is produced by local saponification.  In examples, a cellulose acetate artificial silk is made from a solution containing polyvinyl chloracetate in methylene chloride-methanol, and is heated with pyridine in toluene, which solution may contain the sodium salt of sulphopalmitic acid butyl ester, or the treated material may be after-treated with palmityltriethanolamine; a solution in methylene chloride-ethyl alcohol-dioxane containing cellulose acetate and the resin obtained from chloromethyl salicylic acid and chloromethylcresitinic acid by heating with acetic anhydride or thionyl chloride, is used for dry spinning, and the fibres heated with triethylamine in toluene solution; a similar solution contains the resin obtained from para-chlormethylbenzene sulphamide and formaldehyde, and also phenoxypropene oxide, and the resulting artificial silk is treated with o -dimethylamino-para-methoxy-acetanilide and is then dried and heated; to a cellulose acetate solution there is added a hydrochloric acid condensation product of phenol and formaldehyde, which is afterwards etherified into ethylene oxide and then converted into an ester by boiling with toluene sulphochloride, and the resulting solution used for the preparation of an artificial silk which readily fixes pyridine under heat; a film is cast from a solution containing cellulose acetate, polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl chloracetate, methanol and methyl glycol, and is then heated with diethylamine and vinyl chloracetate; a solution of cellulose acetate, polyvinyl chloracetate, titanium oxide and acetone is used for coating electric bulbs, and the bulbs then heated with pyridine vapour; a solution in acetone of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloracetate is cast into a film which is subsequently heated with pyridine vapour.  According to the Provisional Specification, artificial silk is made by wet spinning an acetic acid solution of cellulose acetate containing polyvinyl chloracetate, and afterwards heated with triethylamine vapour and air in the presence of moisture; and a film is made by casting a solution of cellulose acetate, polyvinylformal and polyvinyl chloracetate in acetone and methylglycol acetate, and is then exposed to dimethylamine vapour.