Patent GB-820059-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to jet propulsion nozzles
Inventor: CLARK FREDERICK IVENS
IPC: F27D99/00
Filed: 1956-07-30
Abstract: 820,059. Jet propulsion nozzles. BRISTOL AERO-ENGINES Ltd. July 23, 1957 [July 30, 1956], No. 23503/56. Class 110 (3). [Also in Groups XXIX and XXXIII] A jet propulsion nozzle comprises a convergent portion with variable outlet area, a divergent portion displaceable axially in the downstream direction from an inoperative position in which it is telescoped over the convergent portion to an operative position in which it forms an effective downstream continuation of the convergent portion when it is in the position of maximum outlet area, adjusting means to vary the convergent portion outlet area and moving means to displace the divergent portion to its operative position. The jet propulsion nozzle shown, Fig. 2, comprises a cylindrical portion 10 for attachment to the engine jet pipe, followed by a convergent portion 11 followed by a further convergent portion 9 composed of an annular series of hinged overlapping deflector plates 12. The nozzle also comprises a divergent portion 14 displaceable axially between an inoperative position in which it is telescoped over the convergent portion and an operative position in which it forms an effective downstream continuation of the convergent portion 9. An outer casing or nacelle 15 surrounds the nozzle and a rear portion 15a supports visor members 16 of a thrust reverser. The members 16 are operated by a pair of jacks 44 connected by rods 45, and levers 46, 47 to collars 48 mounted on pivot pins 43 and attached to the members 16. The outer face of each of the plates 12 supports a pair of load-equalizing plates 18 each of which is flanged at one edge 20. The flanges are bulged outwardly to form bearings 21 for an annular series of rollers 22 which engage roller tracks formed by ribs 23 attached to a shroud 17. The plates 12 are bent over to form hinges 24 engaged by clawfitted members 25 attached to the convergent portion 11. The shroud 17 has a rearward cylindrical extension-piece 28a provided with guide-rails 28 which engage rollers 27 carried by an annular bracket 27a bolted to a flange 26. The downstream end of the shroud 17 is welded to the divergent portion 14. The upstream end of the divergent portion 14 is provided with a flange 30 against which the plates 12 are held by the internal gas pressure when they are in the maximum area position. In this position, the ribs 23 are not in contact with the rollers 22. During operation of the engine, cooling air flows through the annular passage between the shroud 17 and convergent portions of the nozzle and escapes through apertures 31. When the deflector plates 12 are pivoted inwards the hot gas stream is throttled. To prevent the gas stream curling round the end of the deflector plates and attaching itself to the wall of the divergent portion 14, some of the cooling air is passed through the slot formed between the plates 12 and divergent portion 14. The cooling air may be taken from the atmosphere or bled from the compressor. Jacks which move the shroud 17 axially may be controlled by a diaphragm 34, Fig. 4, movable in response to changes in the pressure ratio across the nozzle. The ambient static pressure is applied to one face of the diaphragm 34 and the total pressure immediately upstream of the propulsion nozzle is applied past an adjustable needle 35 to the opposing face of the diaphragm. As the total pressure rises, the diaphragm 34 deflects and withdraws the needle 36 from the orifice 37 until the pressures on the opposing sides of the diaphragm are balanced. At the same time the control-rod 38 is moved to actuate servomechanism 39 which operates the jacks. It is arranged that the divergent portion 14 reaches its operative position when the pressure ratio has risen to a predetermined value indicative of sonic velocity being obtained in the nozzle. As the shroud 17 moves downstream, the gas pressure pivots the plates 12 outwardly and maintains the rollers 22 in contact with the tracks 23 until the rollers move off the end of the tracks when the plates come into contact with the flange 30 of the divergent portion 14. The divergent portion 14 may be attached to the shroud 17 so that it does not begin to move downstream to its operative position until after the shroud has commenced to move downstream or that it moves at a different or variable rate to that of the shroud.