Patent GB-949058-A (GB)
Title: Improved low fluid loss additive and composition
Inventor: GROVES WILLIAM LESTER
IPC: C09K8/035
Filed: 1960-09-27
Abstract: A low fluid loss additive capable of dispersion in petroleum oil and comprising a finely divided oil-insoluble solid some at least of the particles of which are in the size range of 0.005 to 2 microns and a surface-active agent in an amount sufficient to effect such dispersion of said solid in said oil, which amount may be zero if the oil already contains sufficient surface-active agent to effect such dispersion, the surface-active agent being at least partially soluble in the said oil, is prepared by forming a liquid-solid mixture of (1) the oil-insoluble solid and (2) the surface-active agent and/or a volatile liquid (e.g. water), removing, if necessary, liquid from the mixture (e.g. by milling) to form a mass having a pasty or semi-solid consistency, and then milling the mass in an amorphous state by mechanical means capable of applying high shear thereto (e.g. roll mills, ball mills and kneading type mills) for a period of time sufficient to reduce the fluid loss of said additive when dispersed in petroleum oil to at most 20 or in 30 minutes as determined by the Recommended Practice for Standard Field Procedure for Testing Drilling Fluids, Section 4, American Petroleum Institute test R.P. 29, May 11, 1950.  An agglutinant (i.e. oil-insoluble surface-active agent) may also be present.  Oil-insoluble solids mentioned are the hydroxide, carbonate, chloride and sulphate of calcium; the borate, sulphate, carbonate, chloride, and silicate of sodium; the sulphates of magnesium and barium; and aluminium hydroxide, carbon black, fuller's earth, mica, walnut shells, spent catalysts and carboxy methyl cellulose.  Oil-soluble surface-active agents include organic sulphates; sulphonates; phenolic compounds; organic phosphorus compounds; phosphorus sulphide-treated olefins; metal carboxylates and naphthenates; substituted oxazolines; fatty acid amines; quaternary ammonium compounds; reaction products of 0.1 to 0.9 parts by weight of ethylene oxide with one part of an alcohol, fatty acid, amine, amide or phenol; fatty acid alkanolamine condensates; fatty acid esters of polyfunctional alcohols; and propylene oxide-ethylene oxide copolymers. Numerous compounds falling within these classes are specified.  Agglutinants include sodium salts of caproic, oleic, stearic, pelargonic, and dodecylbenzene sulphonic acids; and reaction products of 1 to 2.5 parts by weight of ethylene oxide with one part of an alcohol, fatty acid, amine, amide or phenol.  In examples, the additive is added to kerosene, gas oil, and various natural and refined petroleum oils.  U.S.A. Specification 2,779,735 is referred to.ALSO:A low fluid loss additive capable of dispersion in petroleum oil and comprising a finely-divided oil-insoluble solid some at least of the particles of which are in the size range of 0.005 to 2 microns and a surface-active agent in an amount sufficient to effect such dispersion of said solid in said oil, which amount may be zero if the oil already contains sufficient surface-active agent or surface activity to effect such dispersion, the surface-active agent being at least partially soluble in the said oil, is prepared by forming a liquid-solid mixture of (1) the oil-insoluble solid, and (2) the surface active agent and/or a volatile liquid (e.g. water), removing, if necessary, liquid from the mixture (e.g. by milling), to form a mass having a pasty or semi-solid consistency, and then millling the mass in an amorphous state by mechanical means capable of applying high shear thereto, for example roll mills, ball mills and kneading type mills, for a period of time sufficient to reduce the fluid loss of said additive when dispersed in petroleum oil to at most 20 c.c. in 30 minutes as determined by the Recommended Practice for Standard Field Procedure for Testing Drilling Fluids, Section 4 American Petroleum Institute test RP 29, May 11, 1950.  An agglutinant (i.e. oil-insoluble surface-active agent) may also be present. Oil-insoluble solids mentioned are the hydroxide, carbonate, chloride and sulphate of calcium; the borate, sulphate, carbonate, chloride and silicate of sodium; the sulphates of magnesium and barium; and aluminium hydroxide, carbon black, Fuller's earth, mica, walnut shells, spent catalysts, and carboxy methyl cellulose. Oil-soluble surface-active agents include organic sulphates; sulphonates; phenolic compounds; organic phosphorus compounds; phosphorus sulphide-treated olefins; metal carboxylates and naphthenates; substituted oxazolines; fatty acid amines; quaternary ammonium compounds; reaction products of 0.1 to 0.9 parts by weight of ethylene oxide with one part of an alcohol, fatty acid, amine, amide or phenol; fatty acid alkanolamine condensates; fatty acid esters of polyfunctional alcohols; and propylene oxide-ethylene oxide copolymers. Numerous compounds falling within these classes are specified.  Agglutinants include sodium salts of caproic, oleic, stearic, pelargonic, and dodecylbenzene sulphonic acids; and reaction products of 1 to 2.5 parts by weight of ethylene oxide with one part of an alcohol, fatty acid, amine, amide or phenol. In examples, the additive is added to kerosene, gas oil, and various natural and refined petroleum oils.  U.S.A.  Specification 2,779,735 is referred to.