Patent GB-974216-A (GB)
Title: Optical scanning system for character reading
IPC: G06V30/162
Filed: 1963-10-18
Abstract: 974,216. Automatic character reading. RADIO CORPORATION OF AMERICA. Oct. 18, 1963 [Nov. 15, 1962], No. 41179/63. Heading G4R. In a character reader the characters are scanned in a series of vertical lines to produce signals,the signals for each scan being delayed and applied to a threshold device, the undelayed signals for each scan being applied to a circuit which generates a clipping level signal for application to the threshold device so that the delayed signals are clipped at a level which is a fixed fraction of their maximum value. The character is imaged on to the screen of a vidicon tube and scanned in a series of vertical strokes as it moves. The video output, amplified at 39 and 41, is applied to a clamp 45 and a clipper 43. The clamp is operated during the occurrence of the blanking signals which appear during the fly-back of the scanning beam. The clipper is adjusted by the clamp to clip the blanking signals but not the character signals, thereby to reduce the dynamic range over which the circuit has to work. The resulting signals pass to an f.m. modulator (centre frequency f 1 ), through a one-scan delay line 54 and a demodulator 58 to a "cancelling differential amplifier" 64. The signal emerging from clipper 43 is also applied, through a "shim" delay-line 66, and an adjustable amplifier to the amplifier 64. The amplifier 64 subtracts from the present scan part of the previous scan thereby overcoming the effects of "lag" in the vidicon. "Lag", through persistence of the pattern on the screen &c., causes scan signals to contain information relating to the previous scan. This is cancelled by subtracting an adjustable amount of the previous scan in amplifier 64. The resulting signals are modulated at 78 at a frequency of f 2  and added to the f 1  modulated signal from 48 in summer 50. The combined signal passes again through the delay-line 54, the lag-compensated signal being separated by demodulation at 82. The resulting final video signal is applied to a Schmitt trigger which produces a two-state signal from which the blanking pulses are removed by gate 132. The magnetizing level is set by a circuit which includes a clamp 86, the clamping level of which is controlled by differential amplifier 104. A second output from the amplifier 74 is applied across a synchronous clamp 92 to gate 94 which removes the blanking signals. The character signals are now applied to a "control peak detector" 98 to obtain a D.C. signal proportional to the highest amplitude, and this is stored on a capacitor C1 until the end of the scan, when it is transferred by gate 102 to capacitor C2 for the next scan time. The differential amplifier 104 compares the highest signal value on capacitor C2 with a reference voltage from source 116 and the output sets the clamping level of clamp 86 so that the final signals applied to Schmitt trigger are quantized at the desired percentage as determined by the reference level. An A.G.C. circuit 118, 120, also receiving the output from amplifier 74 maintains the amplitude of the video signals substantially constant with respect to the reference voltage. To compensate for possible changes of gain between amplifier 74 and trigger 88 an auxiliary peak detector 122 is connected across a clamp 124 to derive a voltage proportional to the peak amplitude of the final video signals, including the blanking pulse. This voltage passes to the differential amplifier 104 to effect the necessary compensation.