Patent RU-2298564-C2 (RU)
Title: Olefin- and alkenylalkylate-base polymers and their using as multifunctional additives to fuel
Inventor: EHJDU FRANK
IPC: C10L1/14
Filed: 2002-07-16
Granted: 2007-05-10
Abstract: FIELD: organic chemistry, chemistry of polymers. 
     SUBSTANCE: invention relates to olefin- and alkenylalkylate-base polymers, methods for their synthesis, their using and a composition containing these polymers. Polymer shows molecular mass from 500 to 2500 g/mole and comprises at least one link of the formula (I):   wherein R 1 , R' 1  and R'' 1  are similar or different and chosen from hydrogen atom and alkyl radicals comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R 2  is chosen from hydrogen atom, alkyl radical comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, aromatic radical comprising from 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or group -OR' 2  wherein R' 2  is hydrogen atom or alkyl group comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and wherein R 1  and R can't mean hydrogen atom simultaneously, and wherein G and G' are similar or different and chosen from the following carbonyl groups: -O-C(O)-, -C(O)-O- and -C(O)-; R 3  is chosen from alkyl radicals comprising from 1 to 13 carbon atoms; R 5  and R are similar or different and chosen from hydrogen atom, alkyl radicals comprising from 1 to 13 carbon atoms, or in common they form a double bond with two carbon atoms with which they are bound, or in common they form saturated or unsaturated cycle or aromatic cycle comprising from 6 to 10 carbon atoms and wherein this cycle is substituted if necessary with 1-3 groups with the same determinants as Z but with exception for hydrogen atom; Z means hydrogen atom, -NO 2 , -NR 2 , -CONR 2 , -COO -+ NH 2 R 2  wherein each R means independently alkyl radical comprising from 1 to 24 carbon atoms; -COOR wherein R means the abovementioned value, and if Z means hydrogen atom then R 5  and R 6  form in common saturated or unsaturated, or aromatic cycle that can be substituted; x, y, z and t correspond to the such mole ratios that the sum x + y = 0.60-0.98 wherein x or y can mean 0; z = 0.004-0.38; t = 0.02 <t/z<4. The above said polymer can be synthesized by two methods. The first method involves radical polymerization of the parent monomers chosen in the suitable mole ratios in the presence of an initiating agent, under pressure 50-700 MPa, at temperature 100-350°C. The second method involves two steps. On the first step a functionalized polymer is synthesized by either the direct synthesis by the polymerization reaction of at least a single olefin and at least a single unsaturated monomer comprising at least one primary alcoholic or hydroxyl functional group or by indirect synthesis comprising the polymerization reaction of at least a single olefin and at least a single unsaturated hydrolyzing ester followed by incomplete hydrolysis of indicated ester functional groups for releasing an alcoholic or hydroxyl functional groups. On the second step method involves the esterification reaction of primary alcoholic or hydroxyl functional groups of a functionalized polymer by using an acid halide or anhydride acid. Synthesized polymers are used as a multifunctional hydrocarbon cold-resistant and anti-sedimentation additive to a fuel that provides working capacity at low temperatures. The proposed composition used as a fuel comprises the following components: at least one hydrocarbon fraction as the main fraction chosen from group formed by middle distillates, biofuel, synthetic gas oil, water-emulsified fuel or fuel emulsified in a mixture water/alcohols or polyols, and their mixtures, and, in lesser amounts, part of at least 25 ppm containing at least one polymer. Invention provides preparing additive that improved low-temperature properties, i. e. the limit filtering capacity temperature value and fluidity value, and anti-sedimentation properties of fuel also. 
     EFFECT: valuable properties of polymers. 
     25 cl, 6 tbl, 2 ex