Patent GB-964593-A (GB)
Title: A process and apparatus for drawing a glass sheet
IPC: C03B15/04
Filed: 1961-03-13
Abstract: In the drawing of a sheet of glass, two streams of molten glass are flowed to a drawing zone from opposite sides thereof, the lower layers on their passage to the zone are cooled and the sheet is drawn so that the lower layers of the streams become the interior of the sheet.  Cooling is effected by flowing the streams on to the surface of a supporting liquid having a higher specific gravity than the molten glass at the operating temperatures and a good thermal conductivity and maintaining the liquid at a temperature below that of the molten glass.  The supporting liquid may be a molten metal or metal alloy or a molten highly fusible glass inert to the molten stream.  Tin is the preferred metal for drawing plain glass sheets. The liquid may be entrained by the streams of molten glass, the preferred liquid then being an alloy of tin and aluminium containing magnesium or an alkali metal or the liquid may be a coloured, opal or opaque glass or enamel.  The supporting liquid may react with the molten glass streams, as for example, a molten tin containing <PICT:0964593/C1/1> hydrogen in solution to give an inner layer of bubbles or the supporting liquid may be a reducing glass drawn up between streams of an oxidizing glass, similarly giving an air bubble layer.  The supporting liquid may have a coefficient of expansion greater than that of the molten streams of glass to give a glass with an inner layer stressed.  As shown in Fig. 1, a reservoir 2 containing molten glass 1 has an aperture 4 below a drawing well 3 in which a fluid-tight tank 6 is disposed holding the supporting liquid 12 up to the level 8 of the top of tank 6 and below the level 9 of the glass 1 so that two streams f1 and f2 flow thereover to be drawn into a sheet 19 as by rollers 5.  The joins between tank 6 and reservoir 2 are made fluid-tight by glass 10 congealed by cooling pipes 11. Cooling elements 20 may also be provided.  The tank 6 is of metal lined at 7 with refractory material and the liquid 12 is cooled by exposure of the tank to atmosphere. Alternatively, as shown in Fig. 2, the tank 6 may have a wider upper end by additional parts 6a which are cooled by air blown through nozzles 14.  In addition, cooling fins 13 may be provided on the tank 6.  To avoid formation of devitrefied glass around the sides of the tank 6, an electric heating element may be arranged around the tank, for example over the upper edges of the reservoir 2 adjacent the tank.  The supporting liquid 12 may be additionally cooled by tubes immersed in the liquid, for example, directly below the drawing plane of the glass sheet.  When the supporting liquid is entrained or to compensate for any other loss, means is provided for maintaining the level of the liquid.  As shown in Fig. 5, the tank 6 is connected by a pipe 22 to a furnace 21 supplied with raw material 23 and heated by a burner 24, the supply being regulated to maintain a constant level of supporting liquid 12 in the tank 6.  The following glass may be used for the outer layers, in percentages by weight:-SiO2 71; Al2O3 1.5; Na2O 14; CaO 10; MgO 3.5.  The supporting glass or enamel, which may be coloured by the addition of cobalt or chromium oxides or made opal or opaque by fluorine or oxides of tin, titanium or zirconium can be (a) SiO2 3.4; Na2O 0.4; B2O3 25; Al2O3 2.2; PbO 53; BaO 16; (b) B2O3 23.9; PbO 52; BaO 15.2; ZnO 8.9; or (c) SiO2 11.6; B2O3 9.6; PbO 78.8.  The above glasses may be modified, the outer glass by addition of an oxidizing agent; a sulphate, nitrate or oxide of As, Sb or Ce and the supporting glasses (a), (b) or (c) by a reducing agent such as carbon or an organic material.