baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent WO-2020186881-A1 (WO)
Inventor: CHENG HUIMING
IPC: C09K5/14
Filed: 2019-12-27
Abstract: Disclosed is an ultra-pure sphere-like β silicon nitride powder with a low radioactivity, wherein the degree of sphericity is between 0.5-0.99, the uranium impurity content is < 5 ppb, the thorium impurity content is < 5 ppb, and the particle size ranges between 0.5 μm–50 μm. As a filler of an electronic encapsulation material, β silicon nitride powder is suitable for a memory semiconductor encapsulation material with a high thermal conductivity.
Patent WO-2021082262-A1 (WO)
Inventor: CAI YUKUI
IPC: B23K26/352
Filed: 2019-12-28
Abstract: 一种不锈钢超疏水微纳结构的纳秒激光烧蚀与化学热分解复合制备方法，属于材料表面改性技术领域，解决了不锈钢超疏水表面制备周期长，工艺流程复杂的缺陷，不使用含氟化学试剂进行修饰，制备的超疏水微纳结构质量与稳定性好。其包括以下步骤：(1)不锈钢样件在无水乙醇中超声清洗，室温下风干；(2)对样件进行第一次红外纳秒激光烧蚀获得微纳结构；(3)利用超声雾化器（6），在工件表面均匀涂覆硬脂酸乙醇溶液微液滴（5）；(4)对样件进行第二次红外纳秒激光烧蚀；(5)将样件分别用丙酮、无水乙醇、去离子水超声清洗10分钟，以去除表面粘附的未分解的硬脂酸和激光烧蚀产生的熔渣，得到具有稳定超疏水性质的不锈钢超疏水表面。
Patent WO-2021056913-A1 (WO)
Inventor: YAN JIALE
IPC: G06F13/42
Filed: 2019-12-30
Abstract: A fault locating method, device and system based on I2C communication. The system comprises a power supply module (1), a substrate management controller (2), a fixture (3) and a processor (4), wherein the power supply module (1) and the substrate management controller (2) are connected by means of a fixture (3), and the I2C bus is led out through the fixture (3) and connected to the processor (4); the processor (4) is used for acquiring state data information of the power supply module (1) during the normal I2C communication with the substrate management controller (2), and converting the data type of the state data information to a data type of a preset format; and when it is detected that a failure has occurred in the power supply module (1), a failure code is located according to the state data information. A fault occurring during I2C communication between a BMC and a PSU can be located efficiently, thereby reducing debugging time and participating manpower, and effectively improving the efficiency of fault solving.
Patent WO-2021093129-A1 (WO)
Title: Audio device control method, audio device, and storage medium
Inventor: ZHOU SHUMIN
IPC: H04R1/02
Filed: 2019-12-31
Abstract: An audio device control method, an audio device, and a storage medium, the audio device comprising a playback assembly (10) and a display screen (20) rotatably connected to the playback assembly (10), and the audio device control method comprising the following steps: when detecting rotation of the display screen, acquiring a first rotation direction and a first rotation angle of the display screen in a preset three-dimensional coordinate system (S10); on the basis of the first rotation direction and the first rotation angle, determining a second rotation direction and a second rotation angle of display content on the display screen, the first rotation direction and the second rotation direction being opposite to one another, and the difference between the second rotation angle and the first rotation angle being less than or equal to a preset value (S20); and, on the basis of the second rotation direction and the second rotation angle, adjusting the display orientation of the display content (S30). Viewing of the display content by the user when the display screen of the audio device is rotated is thereby facilitated.
Patent WO-2020156375-A1 (WO)
Inventor: ZHAO YALI
IPC: H04L1/00
Filed: 2020-01-21
Abstract: Provided are a transmission processing method, a terminal and a network device. The transmission processing method applied to a terminal comprises: receiving, at a media access control (MAC) layer of a terminal, a data packet of a first logical channel, and when the data packet of the first logical channel corresponds to K first processes, starting a first timer or a first counter for each first process, wherein K ≥ 1; when the first timer expires or the first counter reaches a first pre-set value, triggering the start of a second timer; and when at least one second timer runs, executing a target operation, wherein the target operation comprises one of the following methods: sending first notification information to a network device, wherein the first notification information is used for instructing the network device to carry out transmission processing on the first logical channel; or carrying out transmission processing on the first logical channel.
Patent WO-2021163976-A1 (WO)
Inventor: QIN XIANGLEI
IPC: G09G3/36
Filed: 2020-02-20
Abstract: 一种显示面板、其驱动方法及显示装置，以相邻的两行子像素为一个行组(PXZ-n)，行组(PXZ-n)具有沿列方向(F2)排列的第一子行组(Z1-n)和第二子行组(Z2-n)；像素电极包括第一像素电极(110-1)和第二像素电极(110-2)；第一子行组(Z1-n)中的第一晶体管(T1)的栅极电连接一条第一栅线(G1-n)；第一晶体管(T1)的第二极电连接第一像素电极(110-1)；第二子行组(Z2-n)中的第二晶体管(T2)的栅极电连接一条第二栅线(G2-n)；第二晶体管(T2)的第二极电连接第二像素电极(110-2)；沿列方向(F2)上相邻的两个子像素共用一个第三晶体管(T3)；行组(PXZ-n)中的第三晶体管(T3)的栅极电连接一条第三栅线(G3-n)；一列子像素中的第一晶体管(T1)和第二晶体管(T2)通过共用的第三晶体管(T3)与一条数据线(DA)电连接。
Patent WO-2021056987-A1 (WO)
Inventor: LIU YIBING
IPC: E04F15/04
Filed: 2020-03-17
Abstract: A wooden flooring comprising a solid wood base layer (100), at least one upper thermally-cured adhesive layer (200) adhered to and covering a first surface of the solid wood base layer (100), and a solid wood decorative layer (300) adhered to and covering the upper thermally-cured adhesive layer (200). The board material of the solid wood base layer (100) is fast-growing wood, and a first density reinforcement layer (110) is formed at one side thereof where the first surface is located. The upper thermally-cured adhesive layer (200) and the first density reinforcement layer (110) together form an upper density reinforcement portion. The wooden flooring resembles the texture of solid wood, has a high surface rigidity and long service life, and overcomes the problem in the art in which wooden flooring, plywood flooring and fast-growing wood flooring have poor water resistance.
Patent WO-2020200123-A1 (WO)
Inventor: TAN SHIYONG
IPC: H04W48/18
Filed: 2020-03-27
Abstract: Disclosed are a communication method and apparatus, fulfilling enterprise requirements in the field of vertical industries. The method comprises: a centralized controller receiving a general message comprising an identifier of a terminal, first function reference information and second function reference information; sending, according to the first function reference information and the identifier of the terminal, to a first function entity a request message for requesting that the first function entity executes a first function for the terminal; sending, according to the second function reference information and the identifier of the terminal, to a second function entity a request message for requesting that the second function entity executes a second function for the terminal; after receiving the request message, the first function entity executing the first function for the terminal according to the received request message; and after receiving the request message, the second function entity executing the second function for the terminal according to the received request message.
Patent WO-2020207364-A1 (WO)
Title: Apparatus for reducing interference of antenna from wireless electromagnetic wave
Inventor: GUO CHANGLAI
IPC: H01Q17/00
Filed: 2020-04-06
Abstract: An apparatus for reducing interference of an antenna from a wireless electromagnetic wave. A blocking surrounding method having electromagnetic wave inlet and outlet is adopted, and an electromagnetic wave blocking material (such as a metal aluminum net) is used for enclosing a WIFI antenna to form an enclosure body enclosing the WIFI antenna; the enclosure body reserves one or more electromagnetic wave signal inlets and outlets, so that an electromagnetic wave selection cover (a wave selection cover) is formed; in the case that a wavelength condition is satisfied, the electromagnetic wave having adequate signal strength, or having inadequate strength but having a proper direction (for example, entering the signal inlet and outlet approximately along a straight line) can enter the cover to be in communication with the antenna, thereby reducing or eliminating the interference of other electromagnetic waves outside the cover to the antenna in the cover. The present invention can well reduce the interference of the same frequency or adjacent frequency to a WIFI router, and can enable the WIFI Internet network speed of a device such as a mobile phone to be more stable and faster. According to the present invention, by means of actual tests, good effects are achieved, and the network speed is obviously changed more stably and faster.
Patent WO-2021203442-A1 (WO)
Inventor: JI LIULIU
IPC: H04W72/12
Filed: 2020-04-10
Abstract: A power control method and apparatus, being able to improve the accuracy of a terminal device determining a transmission power in a coordinated transmission scenario of multiple transmission reception points. Said method is applied to a terminal which has a capability of supporting being configured with a plurality of control resource set indexes and/or is configured with a plurality of control resource set indexes. Said method comprises: receiving a first physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) sent by a network device (S501), the first PDCCH carrying a power offset corresponding to the PDCCH; determining a transmission power according to a power control process corresponding to the network device (S502), the power control process being used to accumulate the power offset indicated by the network device, and determining the transmission power of the PDCCH according to the accumulated result; and sending the PDCCH to the network device by using the transmission power (S503). By independently accumulating the power offsets from the same network device, the transmission power of the PUSCH can be consistent with the indication of the network device.
Patent WO-2021042729-A1 (WO)
Inventor: HUANG JIABO
IPC: F24F13/22
Filed: 2020-04-14
Abstract: 一种风道密封结构及空调器，该风道密封结构设置于上底座（2）和下底座（3）的拆分处，包括设置于上底座（2）上的第一密封件（21）和/或设置于下底座（3）上的第二密封件（31），第一密封件（21）或第二密封件（31）在装配状态下与空调的蒸发器（1）抵接，适于密封上底座（2）和下底座（3）的拆分处。该风道密封结构利用装配过程中第一密封件（21）与蒸发器（1）抵接，和/或，第二密封件（31）与蒸发器（1）抵接，将上底座（2）与下底座（3）的拆封处进行遮挡，来实现风道拆封处的密封，操作简单、方便。
Patent WO-2020221093-A1 (WO)
Inventor: XUE YIFAN
IPC: H04L5/00
Filed: 2020-04-23
Abstract: La présente invention se rapporte au domaine technique des communications et concerne un procédé et un appareil pour surveiller et configurer un espace de recherche, qui sont utilisés pour satisfaire à des exigences spécifiques pour un espace de recherche à différents moments. Le procédé comprend les étapes suivantes : selon un premier ensemble de paramètres de configuration d'un espace de recherche, un terminal surveille un premier signal dans l'espace de recherche à un premier instant ; et selon un second ensemble de paramètres de configuration de l'espace de recherche, le terminal surveille le premier signal dans l'espace de recherche à un second instant. La présente invention est applicable au procédé de surveillance d'un espace de recherche.
Patent WO-2021196324-A1 (WO)
Title: 一种三元正极材料前驱体及其制备方法
Inventor: LI YIWEN
IPC: H01M4/525
Filed: 2020-04-25
Abstract: 提供一种三元正极材料前驱体的制备方法，包括以下步骤：1)配制三元金属盐的混合溶液；2)配制碱金属氢氧化物溶液和氨溶液；3)向所述金属盐混合溶液、碱金属氢氧化物溶液或氨溶液中加入发泡剂或消泡剂，搅拌均匀；4)将所述步骤1)至3)中配制的各溶液混合，搅拌反应，生成含三元正极材料前驱体的浆料；5)对所述浆料进行后处理，得到三元正极材料前驱体；该三元正极材料前驱体的通式为Ni xCo yM z(OH) 2+a，其中，x+y+z＝1，0.5≤x≤0.95，0≤y≤0.3，0≤z≤0.5，0≤a≤0.5，所述M是金属元素，选自Mg、Ca、Al、Ti、Mn、Zr和Zn中的至少一种。还提供使用所述方法制备得到的三元正极材料。本方法通过添加发泡剂增加反应溶液气体含量，从而增加前驱体内部孔隙率，使得烧成的正极材料具有良好抗压特性，增加电池循环性能，而对于不需要孔隙的前驱体，则通过消泡剂除去反应溶液中的气体。
Patent WO-2020238539-A1 (WO)
Inventor: LAI GUOHUA
IPC: B65G35/00
Filed: 2020-04-29
Abstract: 一物料传输设备（1）及其应用，其中所述物料传输设备（1）包括一转移单元（20）和一位置获取单元（10），以所述位置获取单元（10）获取的一期望放置位置的位置信息为参考，调整一料盘（100）相对于一模组治具（200）的位置，然后所述转移单元（20）在所述料盘（100）和所述模组治具（200）之间转移所述摄像模组。
Patent WO-2021169027-A1 (WO)
Title: 一种喷印机
Inventor: FAN YONGLI
IPC: B41J2/01
Filed: 2020-04-29
Abstract: 一种喷印机，包括：基架，其包括基台（11）和支撑架（12）；夹具装置，其包括输送载台（21）和夹具（22），所述夹具（22）用于夹取工件；喷印装置，所述喷印装置包括朝向所述工件的多个喷头（32），所述喷头（32）沿垂直于所述工件的输送方向延伸设置；清洁装置，其包括滑动连接于所述基台（11）上的清洁本体，所述清洁本体设于所述喷头（32）和所述输送载台（21）之间且和所述喷头（32）相对设置。在喷印过程中，喷头（32）无需移动仅工件移动，确保油墨到位准确、均匀，从而获得较佳的喷印质量；与此同时，只需满足在对应的工作状态时，清洁本体和工件的位置分别移动至喷头（32）下方的位置处即可，使得清洁本体的设置充分利用支撑架（12）和输送载台（21）之间的空间，从而减小了喷印机非高度方向上的占用空间。
Patent WO-2020228760-A1 (WO)
Inventor: XIAO YI
IPC: C12M1/34
Filed: 2020-05-14
Abstract: Provided are a shelf circulating-crawler-belt-type solid-state fermentation apparatus and a solid-state fermentation method. The solid-state fermentation apparatus comprises a fermentation tank, and a circulating crawler belt arranged in the fermentation tank, wherein a circulating means of the circulating crawler belt is lifting-type circulation whereby same lifts material by means of an elevator, or conveying-belt spiral-type circulation. The shelf circulating-crawler-belt-type solid-state fermentation apparatus is compact in terms of structure, is convenient to mount, dismount and transport, and has a relatively low manufacturing cost and a high space utilization rate. The apparatus carries out circulation by means of material turning, is smooth in terms of operation, has sterile control, optimized fermentation conditions, accurate fermentation, a greatly improved fermentation efficiency and product quality, and can realize large-scale highly efficient solid aerobic fermentation. The solid-state fermentation method comprises: step A1, feeding, from a feed inlet, inoculation material into a receiving groove in a fermentation tank; step A2, an elevator operating, and a feeding hopper conveying the inoculation material in the receiving groove to a receiving hopper; step A3, the inoculation material entering the front end of the uppermost shelf from the receiving hopper; step A4, moving each shelf, and when the inoculation material reaches the rear end of an upper shelf, enabling the inoculation material to fall into the front end of an adjacent shelf at a lower layer by means of a blocking groove, until the inoculation material reaches the rear end of the lowest shelf; step A5, the inoculation material falling into the receiving groove from the rear end of the lowest shelf; step A6, repeating steps A2 to A5 until the inoculation material is completely fermented; and step A7, conveying the fermented material in the receiving groove out of the fermentation tank from a discharge port.
Patent WO-2020228818-A1 (WO)
Title: 准谐振反激变换器的同步整流控制系统及方法
Inventor: XU SHEN
IPC: H02M3/335
Filed: 2020-05-15
Abstract: 一种准谐振反激变换器的同步整流控制系统及方法，所述控制系统包括：开关管电压采样电路，用于对所述开关管的输出端电压进行采样，得到开关管采样电压；采样计算模块(20)，用于根据所述开关管采样电压和预设关系，得到死区时间；所述预设关系是所述开关管在一个开关周期的导通时间内，所述开关管采样电压低于第一预设值的时长与所述死区时间的对应关系，所述死区时间是所述开关管关断到所述同步整流管打开的时间；控制模块(30)，接收所述死区时间，并根据所述死区时间对所述同步整流管进行开关控制。
Patent WO-2020233565-A1 (WO)
Inventor: WANG JINHU
IPC: F16D65/02
Filed: 2020-05-19
Abstract: A braking device. The braking device comprises a moving component (1) provided with a braking part (11), and further comprises a braking element (2) for stopping the moving component (1) from moving. The braking element (2) is a rotating element, and the braking element (2) rotates when the braking element (2) is braked, and the outer wall of the braking element (2) abuts against the braking part (11). The braking device has the beneficial effects: a brake of an approximate cam structure is used, and during braking, the deeper the brake is treaded, the tighter the brake becomes, thereby reducing the braking distance; friction between the braking element (2) and the braking part (11) is reduced while the braking distance is reduced, and long-time continuous friction cannot be generated, thereby further improving the braking performance of a product.
Patent WO-2021227152-A1 (WO)
Title: Reporting supported component carriers for physical downlink control channel monitoring capabilities
Inventor: YAO CHUNHAI
IPC: H04W8/22
Filed: 2020-06-03
Abstract: A user equipment (UE) reports capabilities to a network. The UE receives a request from a network for radio access capabilities of the UE, determines one or more radio access capabilities related to a supported number of component carriers (CCs) for physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) monitoring by the UE, generates the message that includes the one or more radio access capabilities of the UE and transmits the message to the network.
Patent WO-2020244605-A1 (WO)
Title: Recombinant non-structural protein 1, recombinant influenza virus and immune composition containing recombinant non-structural protein 1, and use thereof for preparing influenza virus vaccine composition
Inventor: LING PIN
IPC: A61K39/145
Filed: 2020-06-04
Abstract: Provided are a recombinant non-structural protein 1, and a recombinant influenza virus and immune composition containing the recombinant non-structural protein 1. A mutation is introduced or deleted in at least one of four consecutive amino acid residues of TRAF3-interacting motifs (TIMs) of an effector domain (ED) of the recombinant non-structural protein 1. The virus replication ability of the recombinant influenza virus containing the recombinant non-structural protein 1 is equivalent to that of a wild-type virus, so that the interferon activation ability of a subject can be improved and a better immune response is elicited, better immune protection is also provided, and the present invention further provides use for preparing an influenza virus vaccine composition.
Patent WO-2020249016-A1 (WO)
Inventor: LIU KAIJUN
IPC: G02F1/1333
Filed: 2020-06-10
Abstract: La présente invention se rapporte à un panneau d'affichage (1) et à un procédé de commande, ainsi qu'à un dispositif d'affichage (2). Le panneau d'affichage (1) comprend: un premier substrat (10) ; un second substrat (20); une couche de cristaux liquides (30); une pluralité de capteurs de température (120); une pluralité de dispositifs de chauffage (40); un circuit de fourniture de signal électrique (70); un processeur (50); et un dispositif de commande (60). Le dispositif d'affichage (2) comprend un module d'attaque (200) et un panneau d'affichage (1). Le circuit d'attaque (200) comprend un circuit d'attaque d'électrode source (220), un circuit d'attaque d'électrode de grille (240) et un contrôleur de synchronisation (260). Lorsque les données de température sont inférieures à une température prédéfinie, les dispositifs de chauffage sont commandés pour fournir de la chaleur, ce qui permet de maintenir uniforme la température à tous les emplacements sur le panneau d'affichage (1) et permet un état de fonctionnement normal.
Patent WO-2021248463-A1 (WO)
Inventor: DAI JING
IPC: H04L1/16
Filed: 2020-06-12
Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may monitor a set of downlink occasions for one or more downlink messages from a base station. The UE may generate a codebook comprising an information bit for each of the one or more downlink messages. In some examples, the codebook may include one or more repetitions of the information bit based on a quantity of slots of the one or more downlink messages. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may determine a grouping of the set of downlink occasions, and the codebook may include an information bit for each subset of the set of monitoring occasions based on the grouping. The UE may transmit the codebook to the base station after the set of downlink occasions.
Patent WO-2021000748-A1 (WO)
Inventor: HE SHIKUN
IPC: G11C11/16
Filed: 2020-06-19
Abstract: Provided is a magnetic tunnel junction, comprising a reference layer, a tunnel layer, a free layer, a covering layer, a polarization layer, and a first coupling layer that are sequentially arranged in a stacked manner, wherein the reference layer is magnetized in a vertical direction, the free layer is magnetized in the vertical direction, and the first coupling layer is magnetized in a horizontal direction; the first coupling layer is directly coupled to the polarization layer, the magnetization direction of the polarization layer deviates from the vertical direction by an angle, the component in the vertical direction is antiparallel to the magnetization direction of the reference layer, and the component in the horizontal direction is parallel to the magnetization direction of the first coupling layer; and both the reference layer and the polarization layer provide spin-polarized electrons to the free layer to provide spin-transfer torque for magnetization reversal of the free layer. The present invention can reduce a write current of the magnetic tunnel junction.
Patent WO-2021042818-A1 (WO)
Title: Blockchain-based asset query method and apparatus, and electronic device
Inventor: Qi Pengtao
IPC: G06Q40/04
Filed: 2020-06-22
Abstract: Disclosed is a blockchain-based asset query method and apparatus, and an electronic device. The method and apparatus are applied to a node device in a blockchain that carries a trusted execution environment; the blockchain stores asset issuance transactions that are issued to the blockchain by an investment manager and comprise asset information; and the asset issuance transactions are pre-encrypted. The method comprises: receiving a call transaction, which is sent by a client, for a target smart contract deployed on a blockchain and which comprises a transaction identifier of a target asset issuance transaction queried by an asset query user, wherein a contract code of the target smart contract is pre-encrypted (502); in response to the call transaction, decrypting the contract code of the target smart contract in a trusted execution environment, executing the decrypted contract code in the trusted execution environment, and determining whether the asset query user has permission to view the target asset issuance transaction (504); and if so, returning the target asset issuance transaction decrypted in the trusted execution environment to the client (506).
Patent WO-2021232554-A1 (WO)
Inventor: SHE LINGJUAN
IPC: G01B11/16
Filed: 2020-07-08
Abstract: 本发明涉及工程机械领域，公开了一种臂架监测方法、系统及包含该臂架监测系统的工程机械。所述臂架监测方法包括：获取由布设于所述臂架上所述臂架的不同监测点的压电传感器形成的压电传感网络在所述臂架工作中监测的臂架损伤信号，其中所述压电传感网络的每一监测路径上的压电传感器包括用于发出激励信号的触发传感器以及用于响应所述激励信号的接收传感器，且所述臂架损伤信号是所述接收传感器响应于所述激励信号的机械波响应信号；以及根据所述臂架损伤信号评估所述臂架的健康情况。本发明利用压电传感网络进行臂架检测，其对损伤极为敏感，可以实现对损伤的精确定位。
Patent WO-2021243829-A1 (WO)
Title: 汽车用空气成像装置及人机交互车载辅助系统
Inventor: XU MIN
IPC: G02B27/64
Filed: 2020-07-23
Abstract: 本发明公开了一种汽车用空气成像装置，安装于汽车内，包括：用于产生显示画面的图像源；和将图像源产生的画面放大并在汽车内的空气中成实像的成像放大镜。还公开了人机交互车载辅助系统，采用上述的汽车用空气成像装置，所述实像附近还设有手势识别装置。本发明的优点是：由于图像变的更大，显示相同内容中的图标也更大，这样手势识别装置就能轻易的识别用户的手势具体是要触碰到哪个命令图标，而且用户在进行手势滑动的操作时，手势滑动距离也相应增大，大大降低了对手势识别装置的精度要求，从而使手势识别装置能更加准确的识别用户的操作，增强用户的体验感。
Patent WO-2022016475-A1 (WO)
Title: Sample pre-treatment system
Inventor: GAO JIANDONG
IPC: G01N1/28
Filed: 2020-07-23
Abstract: A sample pre-treatment system (1), comprising a sample storage module (10), a sample transfer module (20), a cover separating and closing module (30), a delivery module (40), a pipetting module (50) and a control module. The sample storage module (10) stores a container (2) containing a biological sample. The sample transfer module (20) grabs the container (2) located in the sample storage module (10) and transfers same to the delivery module (40). The delivery module (40) delivers the container (2) to the cover separating module (30) and the pipetting module (50), respectively. The cover separating and closing module (30) scans identification codes of the container (2) on the delivery module (40), and also separates the cover (202) of the container (2) from the body of the container (2). The pipetting module (50) performs distribution on a biological sample in the container (2) on the delivery module (40). The cover separating and closing module (30) further re-closes the grabbed cover (202) on the container body (201) on the delivery module (40) after a biological sample is distributed. The sample transfer module (20) also transfers the container (2) on the transfer module (40) back to the sample storage module (10) after the cover (202) is re-closed. The control module controls the sample transfer module (20), the cover separating and closing module (30), the transfer module (40) and the pipetting module (50) to work cooperatively.