Patent GB-302941-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the separation of oils from mixtures thereof with solid substances
IPC: C10G1/04
Filed: 1927-06-20
Abstract: 302,941. Johnson, J. Y., (I. G. Farbenindustrie Akt.-Ges.). June 20, 1927. Mineral and tar oils, extracting.-Hydrocarbon oils are removed from mixtures of solids and liquids resulting from low temperature carbonization, destructive hydrogenation, cracking, extraction, and other industrial processes in which carbonaceous materials are subjected to heat treatment, by intimate mixture with an aqueous liquid to which a wetting or emulsifying agent is preferably added. The oil is then removed by centrifuging, preferably warm, by electric or magnetic fields, or by resolving the emulsions by electrolytes. Aqueous liquids specified are water, and aqueous solutions of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids or their salts and derivatives, turkeyred oil, glue. saponine, dextrin, saponified oxidation products of paraffin oil or wax, cellulose pitch, nucleo-alkylated sulphonic acids of aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbons, and sulphonated products of the destructive hydrogenation of coal, tar, and the like. The liquid may contain alkalies, zinc oxide, magnesia, or the like, to assist separation or decolorize the oil. It is preferably made alkaline, also to contain chlorides, sulphates, and the like, and is preferably of a specific gravity equal to or greater than that of the solid particles, whereby separation of the emulsified oil centrifugally may be carried on continuously, especially when the residue is removed continuously by worm conveyers within the centrifuge. In modifications (1) the raw material and the aqueous liquid may be introduced simultaneously to the centrifugal separator without previous mixing; or (2) the emulsifying agent may first be mixed with the raw material, the whole then emulsified with water, and the emulsion, after separation of non-emulsified substances, resolved into layers as by addition of calcium chloride or other salts with polyvalent cations, or by electrical energy. The raw material may be treated with different liquids in succession, and the solid residue may be subjected to extraction with solvent, to low-temperature carbonization, or to other processes. In examples : (1) the product of the destructive hydrogenation of brown coal is freed from benzines and intermediate oils, and then stirred at about 80‹ C. with a 0.2-0.5 per cent aqueous solution of sodium isopropylnaphthalene sulphonate. The resulting paste is centrifuged at about 90‹ C., whereby the solids are deposited on the walls of the centrifuge. The oil is separated from the water in separate vessels. The deposited solids are freed from residual oil by distillation, hot gases, steam, or extraction. (2) 20 lb. of a mixture of oil and solid resulting from the destructive hydrogenation of lignite is mixed with 1 lb. of an oxidation product of paraffin which has been neutralized by alkali, and treated in a disintegrator with 210 lb. of water for 2 hours. The emulsion, now at 60-70‹ C., is freed from non- emulsified components by filtration, centrifuging, or the like, and is separated into layers by addition of a 20 per cent solution of calcium chloride.. The non-emulsified components may be retreated.