baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent JP-2022525648-A (JP)
Title: ガスを処理するためのプラズマ反応器
IPC: B01J19/08
Filed: 2020-02-29
Abstract: 本発明はプラズマ発生システム（１０）を提供し、プラズマ発生システム（１０）が、そこを通してマイクロ波エネルギーを伝送するための導波管（２０）と、プラズマ空洞を画定するために導波管（２０）内に配置される内壁（４０）であって、マイクロ波エネルギーを使用してプラズマ空洞内でプラズマ（４６）が発生する、内壁（４０）と、プラズマ空洞の中に第１のガスを導入して第１のガスを使用してプラズマ空洞内に第１の渦流れ（４５）を発生させるように構成される、導波管（２０）の第１の側に設置される第１のガス入口（４４）であって、第１のガス入口（４４）が、プラズマ（４６）によって処理されたガスがプラズマ空洞から外に出るときに通る孔（３２）を有する、第１のガス入口（４４）と、導波管（２０）の第２の側に装着される、円形の中空円筒の形状を有するプラズマスタビライザ（３８）であって、プラズマスタビライザ（３８）の軸方向が第１の渦流れ（４５）の回転軸に平行である、プラズマスタビライザ（３８）と、を有する。【選択図】図２
Patent JP-2022528053-A (JP)
Title: がん診断及び治療のための新規ｐｓｍａ特異的結合タンパク質
IPC: A61K47/18
Filed: 2020-04-08
Abstract: 本発明は、前立腺特異的膜抗原（ＰＳＭＡ）に対して特異的な新規結合タンパク質に関する。本発明は、診断的又は治療的活性成分をさらに含むＰＳＭＡ結合タンパク質にさらに関する。本発明のさらなる態様は、医療分野、例えば、ＰＳＭＡ発現に関連するがんの診断及び治療におけるこれらのＰＳＭＡ結合タンパク質の使用を包含する。【選択図】なし
Patent JP-2022527768-A (JP)
Title: 精密光路を備えた大面積三次元プリンタ
IPC: B29C64/124
Filed: 2020-03-26
Abstract: 三次元プリントシステム（２）は、支持プレート（６）および樹脂容器（１６）を含む。支持プレート（６）は、中央開口部（８）および上面（１４）を画定する。樹脂容器（１６）は、支持プレート（６）の上面（１４）の上に配置され、下部構造（１８）および透明シート（２０）を含む。下部構造（１８）は、垂直壁（４６）、および、垂直壁（４６）から内向きかつ下向きに伸長するテンションリング（４８）を含む。テンションリング（４８）は、透明シート（２０）の上面に下向きに衝突し、透明シート（２０）に張力を与える。
Patent JP-2022527319-A (JP)
Title: アクチュエータの制御方法、アクチュエータ、及び電気機械ブレーキシステム
IPC: F16D65/16
Filed: 2020-03-20
Abstract: 【課題】本発明の開示の実施形態は、ブレーキ技術のアクチュエータの制御方法、アクチュエータ、及び電気機械ブレーキシステムを提供する。【解決手段】制御方法は、ブレーキデマンドを受信することと、ブレーキデマンドに基づいて、電気モータを制御することと、ブレーキデマンドが事前設定した期間内に事前設定した静止条件を満足した場合、ブレーキ力保持デバイスを制御して、シャフトをロックすることと、を含む。このように、環境の外乱から起こる妨害またはドライバーの不安定なブレーキ命令によって生じるブレーキデマンドの頻繁な変動を防止し得ることにより、アクチュエータをタイミング良くロックでき、それによって、低消費電力またはゼロ消費電力で連続的なブレーキトルク出力を維持し、連続的なブレーキ力を車両に提供する。【選択図】図２
Patent JP-2022527860-A (JP)
Title: 排出ポンプ－癌抗原マルチ特異性抗体ならびにそれに関する組成物、試薬、キットおよび方法
IPC: C12N15/63
Filed: 2020-04-01
Abstract: 細胞の排出ポンプおよび癌関連抗原の両方を標的とする多特異性抗体、ならびにそのような多特異性抗体を含むかまたはコードする医薬組成物、核酸、組換え発現ベクター、細胞、およびキットが提供される。細胞の排出ポンプおよび癌関連抗原の両方を標的とする多特異性抗体を対象に投与することを含む、癌について対象を治療する方法も提供される。記載された多特異性抗体を作製する方法および当該方法において有用な遺伝子組換え細胞株を含めそれに関連する試薬、ならびにそのような遺伝子組換え細胞株を作製する方法も提供される。
Patent JP-2022530142-A (JP)
Title: 麻酔薬を送達するための小管内ヒドロゲル挿入物
IPC: A61K45/00
Filed: 2020-04-24
Abstract: 本明細書では、ある特定の眼の状態の治療において有用な持続放出型生分解性眼科用ヒドロゲル挿入物が提供される。【選択図】なし
Patent JP-2022530797-A (JP)
Title: マルチバンド同期ニューラルボコーダ
IPC: G10L13/047
Filed: 2020-08-12
Abstract: 装置および方法は、マルチバンド同期ニューラルボコーダによって処理されるべき入力オーディオ信号を受け取ることを含む。入力オーディオ信号は、複数の周波数帯域に分離される。複数の周波数帯域に対応する複数のオーディオ信号が取得される。オーディオ信号の各々がダウンサンプリングされ、マルチバンド同期ニューラルボコーダによって処理される。オーディオ出力信号が生成される。
Patent JP-2022535019-A (JP)
Title: トラフィックアウェアな許可シグナリングおよび処理
IPC: H04W72/12
Filed: 2020-06-04
Abstract: ワイヤレス通信のための方法、システム、およびデバイスについて説明する本開示の１つまたは複数の態様によれば、ユーザ機器（ＵＥ）は、ＵＥから基地局へのアップリンク送信のアップリンク許可を受信し得る。ＵＥは、アップリンク許可中に示されるパケット送信モードを識別し得る。指示は、ＵＥが先入れ先出しモードなどのデフォルトモードを使用してアップリンク送信を送信すべきか、またはパケットグループ送信モードを使用してアップリンク送信を送信すべきかを指定し得る。ＵＥは、識別された送信モードに基づいてアップリンク送信のための送信ペイロードに含めるためのパケットを決定し、パケット送信モードとアップリンク許可とに従ってアップリンク送信を送信し得る。【選択図】図３
Patent JP-2022530711-A (JP)
Title: 半導体デバイスの位置ずれ測定方法及び装置
IPC: H01L21/66
Filed: 2019-04-12
Abstract: 半導体デバイスの製造における位置ずれを測定する方法であって、多層半導体デバイスを用意するステップと、スキャトロメトリ計測ツールを使用して多層半導体デバイス上の複数のサイトで位置ずれ測定を実行するステップと、位置ずれ測定のそれぞれについて生の位置ずれデータを受け取るステップと、位置ずれ測定のそれぞれについて生の位置ずれデータから、範囲外の生の位置ずれデータ点を除去することによってフィルタリングされた位置ずれデータを提供するステップと、フィルタリングされた位置ずれデータを使用して多層半導体デバイスの位置ずれをモデル化するステップと、多層半導体デバイスのモデル化された位置ずれから補正値を計算するステップと、補正値をスキャトロメトリ計測ツールに提供するステップと、その後、補正値に基づいてスキャトロメトリ計測ツールを再校正するステップと、再校正に続いてスキャトロメトリ計測ツールを使用して位置ずれを測定するステップと、を含む方法。
Patent JP-2022540791-A (JP)
Title: ロスマリン酸を産生するための株および方法
IPC: C12P7/62
Filed: 2020-02-24
Abstract: ロスマリン酸を産生するための株および方法を提供する。4-クマル酸-CoAリガーゼ、ロスマリン酸シンターゼ、ポリリン酸キナーゼ2-I、およびポリリン酸キナーゼ2-IIを発現する組換え細胞または該組換え細胞の組み合わせを構築し、該組換え細胞または該組換え細胞の組み合わせを、ダンシェンスおよびコーヒー酸からのロスマリン酸の合成を触媒させるために用いる。
Patent JP-2022551022-A (JP)
Title: 欠陥低減のための研磨用組成物及びその使用方法
IPC: H01L21/304
Filed: 2019-08-07
Abstract: 化学機械研磨用組成物は、研磨剤、第１除去率向上剤、及び水を含み、前記研磨用組成物は、０．２μｍのビンサイズを使用して測定された場合、粗大粒子数／重量％研磨剤の関係に関して８０００００未満の値を有する。
Patent JP-2023100440-A (JP)
Title: Lighting fixture
Inventor: TSUJI YUYA
IPC: F21S8/04
Filed: 2022-01-06
Abstract: To reduce the number of components of a lighting fixture.SOLUTION: A lighting fixture includes: light source units 1a, 1b; a bottom plate 42a on which the light source unit 1a is mounted; a bottom plate 42b on which the light source unit 1b is mounted, and which is arranged side by side with the bottom plate 42a in the first direction; a top plate 41 arranged in the second direction so as to oppose to the bottom plates 42a, 42b; a pair of first support parts 43 which is arranged so as to oppose to each other in the third direction, and which connects the top plate 41 and the bottom plate 42a; and second support parts 44 arranged at a position different from the pair of first support part 43 so as to oppose to each other in the third direction, and for connecting the top plate 41 and the bottom plate 42b.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2022036187-A (JP)
Title: connector
IPC: H01R12/88
Filed: 2022-01-07
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a connector capable of suppressing prevention of conductive connection with a connected member. 
     SOLUTION: A connector 10 is equipped with a terminal 50 that is stored in a housing 40 and is conductively connected to a connected member 20. The terminal 50 is equipped with a first base portion body, a second base portion body, and a coupling portion 530. The coupling portion 530 has a part extending so as to project out in a vertical direction from the first base portion body and the second base portion body. On a vertical wall portion 460 of the housing 40, a rectangular housing recessed portion 466a defined by a pair of sides extending in an inserting direction and a pair of sides extending in the vertical direction is formed. When viewed along a width direction, the part extending so as to project out in the vertical direction of the coupling portion 530 is overlapped with an upper side of the pair of sides extending in the inserting direction, and both sides in the inserting direction are disposed between the pair of sides extending in the vertical direction. 
     SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3 
     COPYRIGHT: (C)2022,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2023102095-A (JP)
Title: Manufacturing facility of battery and manufacturing method of the battery
Inventor: YOSHIMOTO AKIHIRO
IPC: H01M50/169
Filed: 2022-01-11
Abstract: To provide a manufacturing facility of a battery, that realizes a good welding quality while improving productivity.SOLUTION: A manufacturing facility of a secondary battery 1 is configured to perform laser welding on a welding target portion between a plurality of components. The manufacturing facility comprises: jigs 6 each including a pair of inclining-holding parts 9 and 9 that inclines and holds, respectively, battery cases 2 being the components; a transfer mechanism that transfers, between at least a pair of first and second rails, along each rail, the jigs 6 including the inclining-holding parts 9 and 9; and a laser welding machine 15 that is provided to between the pair of first rail and the second rail, and performs the laser weld on the welding target portion along a welding path 5 of the battery case 2. Each inclining-holding part 9 interposes the secondary battery 1 directing it toward the laser welding machine between inclined contact surfaces of a holder part.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5
Patent JP-2023104614-A (JP)
Title: Stain-proof member and manufacturing method for stain-proof member
Inventor: MARUYAMA YUJI
IPC: B32B27/36
Filed: 2022-01-18
Abstract: To provide a stain-proof member that is easier to manufacture than conventional ones and that can sustain a high anti-fouling effect for a long period and a manufacturing method for a stain-proof member.SOLUTION: A stain-proof member 10a according to the present invention is characterized by having a base material 1, a holding layer 2 on the surface of the base material 1 and a fluid member 3 on the surface of the holding layer 2, and containing an interface penetrating component 4 at the interface between the holding layer 2 and the fluid member 3 while penetrating the holding layer 2 and the fluid member 3.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2023105320-A (JP)
Title: Device for detecting target substance
Inventor: SAKAYA HIROSHI
IPC: C12M1/00
Filed: 2022-01-19
Abstract: To provide a device for detecting a target substance that can suppress the influence of heat generated in an electrowetting device on the detection of the target substance.SOLUTION: A device for detecting a target substance is provided with an electrowetting device that is formed with a first gap filled with a droplet and a filler and a discharge hole for discharging the droplet from the first gap and provided with an electrode that applies an electric field to the droplet to control the transport of the droplet within the first gap; and a test paper provided with an introduction portion that is in contact with the droplet discharged from the discharge hole and into which the droplet discharged from the discharge hole are introduced, a detection portion that detects a target substance contained in the liquid that constitutes the droplet discharged from the discharge hole, and a heat radiating portion disposed between the introduction portion and the detection portion and radiates the heat from the liquid.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3
Patent JP-2023108367-A (JP)
Title: Marking utensil for bolt, nut, washer and member
Inventor: YASUE AKINORI
IPC: B25H7/04
Filed: 2022-01-25
Abstract: To provide a marking utensil for a bolt, a nut, a washer and a member that has an air-tight mechanism in which a seal surface is not dried and solidified even when quick-drying ink is used as a marking member.MEANS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEM: A marking utensil for a bolt, a nut, a washer and a member includes: an outer cylindrical body with an opening part at a lower end; an inner cylindrical body which can move relative to the outer cylindrical body and covers a bolt, a nut and a washer; and a marking member which moves down accompanying movement of the outer cylindrical body, and applies marking to the bolt, the nut, the washer and the member. In the marking utensil for a bolt, a nut, a washer and a member, a cap which is air-tightly engaged with an engaged part of the opening part peripheral edge, a first guide part for guiding relative movement of the outer cylindrical body and the inner cylindrical body in a space partitioned by the cap and the outer cylindrical body, and the marking member are arranged, and further, the outer cylindrical body does not include an air communication hole above the engaged part.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2
Patent JP-2023109629-A (JP)
Title: Protein nutrition food
Inventor: NAKAMURA SHINYA
IPC: A23L33/185
Filed: 2022-01-27
Abstract: To provide a protein nutrition food that has new textures, enabling various textures of natural meat of domestic animals and seafood to be felt during mastication.SOLUTION: A protein nutrition food comprises protein sheets composed of textured soybean protein material comprising 40 wt.% or more of water relative to the total weight, wherein each protein sheet has grooves formed on at least one principal face of it, and the protein sheets are stacked.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2023111152-A (JP)
Title: Locking handle
Inventor: TAKAHASHI HIROTAKA
IPC: E05C3/04
Filed: 2022-01-31
Abstract: To provide a locking handle capable of improving the design.SOLUTION: A locking handle 11 includes a handle body 13 extending in a longitudinal direction X. The handle body 13 has a primary molded part 30 molded using a first resin material; and a secondary molded part 40 formed using a second resin material and provided outside the primary molded part 30. The thickness in a first direction Y perpendicular to the longitudinal direction X in the primary molded part 30 gradually decreases toward one side of the longitudinal direction X.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5
Patent JP-2023112994-A (JP)
Title: endoscope system
Inventor: NAKANISHI HIROYUKI
IPC: A61B1/00
Filed: 2022-02-02
Abstract: To provide an endoscope system facilitating an operation of an endoscope moving by magnetic force without requiring a high-magnetic-field environment and capable of avoiding upsizing of a device.SOLUTION: An endoscope system 1 comprises: an endoscope 100 including an optical system device 10 with an imaging device and a tube 110 to be connected to the optical system device; and drive means 1a for moving the endoscope. The drive means 1a has: a first magnet 120a movably provided in the tube; and a second magnet 120b fixed to the tube, where at least one of the first magnet and the second magnet is an electromagnet. The drive means 1a further has: an electrification control part 141 for controlling electrification to the electromagnet so as to generate magnetic force between the first magnetic 120a and the second magnetic 120b; and a movement control part 150 for controlling movement regulation of each of the tube 110 and an operation wire 130.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2023114616-A (JP)
Title: Facility data collection system, method and program
Inventor: MASUDA RIKU
IPC: H04L12/28
Filed: 2022-02-07
Abstract: To provide a technique capable of implementing more appropriate facility data collection than ever, such as capable of collecting facility data without omission while also allowing a plurality of times of facility setting operation within a collection cycle.SOLUTION: A facility data collection system comprises a gateway device which is connected to a control apparatus storing and managing facility data of a facility in a client environment via communication, and which collects the facility data from the control apparatus and stores the collected data. The facility data include facility state data and facility setting data. The gateway device is configured to: collect (S1) the facility state data from the control apparatus in each predetermined period, and store (S2) the facility state data; collect (S3) a setting change time from the control apparatus in each period; check (S4) presence/absence of a change by comparing the collected setting change time with the stored setting change time; check (S5) whether or not a server device 1 was notified of the setting data in a previous period; and perform processing corresponding to whether or not the server device was notified.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5
Patent JP-2023114877-A (JP)
Title: Cutting edge replaceable cutting tool
Inventor: SUGAWARA KENJI
IPC: B23B27/16
Filed: 2022-02-07
Abstract: To provide a cutting edge replaceable cutting tool exhibiting high workability when a cutting insert is attached/detached.SOLUTION: A holder 10 has a female screw hole 11 with which a fastening member 70 is engaged. The female screw hole 11 has a holder female screw 14 that spirally extends away from a clamp piece 30 in a center axis direction toward one side in a peripheral direction. The fastening member 70 has a first screw member 40, and a second screw member 50 inserted into the first screw member 40. The first screw member 40 has a first male screw 43 engaged with the holder female screw 14, and a first female screw 44 that spirally extends so as to come closer to the clamp piece 30 in the center axis direction toward one side in the peripheral direction. The second screw member 50 has a second male screw 54 engaged with the first female screw 44, and a first flange part 52 that can come into contact with the clamp piece 30 from a side opposite the female screw hole 11. A regulation member 60 permits a movement in the center axis direction while regulating rotation of the second screw member 50 about a center axis C.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4
Patent JP-2023002448-A (JP)
Title: Device and method for providing communication service for accessing ip network, and program therefor
IPC: H04W76/12
Filed: 2022-02-09
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide methods and devices, using a communication infrastructure connected to an MNO communication infrastructure to enable access without going through a wireless access network for cellular communications. 
     SOLUTION: A device 200 receives, from IoT equipment 230, a session generation request including a communication service subscriber identifier 232, and transmits a provisioning call for a GTP tunnel between a first instance and a second instance included in a communication infrastructure 220 on a cloud connected to an MNO communication infrastructure 210. An ID associated with the subscriber identifier and a transmission origin address serving as the transmission origin of a GTP-U session are received from the first instance or the second instance. A provisioning call including the transmission origin address and a public key is transmitted to the first instance, the provisioning call being for a VPN tunnel between the IoT equipment and the first instance. Connection information is transmitted to the IoT equipment storing a private key corresponding to the public key. 
     SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2 
     COPYRIGHT: (C)2023,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2023116967-A (JP)
Title: Information processing apparatus, information processing method, and program
Inventor: NOJIRI YUSUKE
IPC: G06Q50/22
Filed: 2022-02-10
Abstract: To provide an information processing apparatus, an information processing method, and a program that easily obtain information on the state of excretion of animals.SOLUTION: An information processing apparatus 101 has a sensor data acquisition unit 301, an excretion detection unit 302, an individual master 303, an excretion detection database 304, a learning model creation unit 305, a learning model DB 306, an image acquisition unit 307, an image DB 308, an individual identification unit 309, a feature amount detection unit 310, a detected feature amount DB 311, an excretion level estimation unit 312, and an excretion notification unit 313. The information processing apparatus 101 estimates an excretion state based on characteristics detected based on a picked-up image, and outputs information on the estimated excretion state.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3
Patent JP-2022059010-A (JP)
Title: Game machine
IPC: A63F7/02
Filed: 2022-02-15
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a game machine facilitating a cleanup in a double reel structure. 
     SOLUTION: On a side face of a hub 812a of an inner reel unit 810 facing an edge part 824 of an outer reel unit 820, a protrusion 821a1 is formed protruding toward the edge part 824 side. By this protrusion 821a1, the inner reel unit 810 pushes out air when rotatably displaced to enable a generation of wind. By causing an inflow of the wind into an opposition between an inner reel 811 and an outer reel 821, dust attached to the outer circumferential surface of the inner reel 811 and the inner circumferential surface of the outer reel 821 can be blown away. As the result, the outer circumferential surface of the inner reel 811 and the inner circumferential surface of the outer reel 821 can be made easy to be cleaned up. 
     SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 34 
     COPYRIGHT: (C)2022,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2023119638-A (JP)
Title: High-voltage feed-through capacitor
Inventor: KAMO TAKEHIRO
IPC: H01G4/35
Filed: 2022-02-17
Abstract: To provide a high-voltage feed-through capacitor that improves reliability.SOLUTION: An element body 10 is formed with through holes 15, 16 respectively to be open at a first main surface and a second main surface opposing each other. A through-conductor 30 includes a portion 32 located inside the through hole 15 and a portion 33 protruding from the second main surface. A through-conductor 40 includes a portion 42 located inside the through hole 16 and a portion 43 protruding from the second main surface. An insulating case 60 is located to surround the element body 10. An insulating cover 50 is located to surround the portions 33, 43. An insulating tube 37 covers the portion 32 and an insulating tube 47 covers the portion 42. A resin 80 fills the inside of the insulating cover 60 so as to reach a space between an inner surface 15a and the insulating tube 37 and a space between an inner surface 16a and the insulating tube 47. The insulating tubes 37, 47 have an electrical resistivity equal to or greater than an electrical resistivity of the resin 80.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2
Patent JP-2023120044-A (JP)
Title: Hole molding die and hole molding method for providing hole in concrete molding
Inventor: HASUO KOICHI
IPC: E04G15/06
Filed: 2022-02-17
Abstract: To provide a hole molding die which enables formation of a hole that linearly extends and has unevenness on its inner peripheral surface, can be removed from a concrete molding after formation of the hole, and is comparatively inexpensively available, and a hole molding method using the hole molding die.SOLUTION: A hole molding die 1 includes a steel rod member 2 which extends in a predetermined direction and has a circular arc part 5 and a groove part 6 provided on its outer peripheral surface, and a slide member 3 which is fittable to the groove part 6, and is slidable in a predetermined direction to the steel rod member 2 in a state of being fit to the groove part 6. The outer peripheral surface of the circular arc part 5 includes a plurality of projections 7 which are provided in a circumferential direction or are inclined in the circumferential direction, and extend in parallel with each other. After the slide member 3 has been removed, when the steel rod member 2 is rotated in the circumferential direction, the circular arc part is stored in a gap formed by removing the slide member 3, the steel rod member 2 can be moved out from a hole 11 by slide movement.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2
Patent JP-2023120967-A (JP)
Title: Vehicular seat back
Inventor: KOBAYASHI NORITOSHI
IPC: B60N2/64
Filed: 2022-02-18
Abstract: To provide a vehicular seat back which inhibits change of an attitude of an occupant during turning without deteriorating the ride quality.SOLUTION: A vehicular seat back 11 includes a pad 3 and a pressure receiving member 4. The pad has: a foam member 31 which elastically deforms; and a reinforcement member 32 which is applied to a rear surface of the foam member and reinforces the foam member. The pressure receiving member has: a base part 69 located at a center part as seen in a width direction of the seat back; and multiple side pieces 60 which respectively extend outward in the width direction from both sides of the base part. The pad has reinforcement reduction parts 321 which weaken reinforcement of the reinforcement member at positions which overlap with parts of the side pieces when viewed from a direction orthogonal to a surface of the seat back.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2
Patent JP-2023121517-A (JP)
Title: Fuel cell system and operating method thereof
Inventor: KAWAZOE DAISUKE
IPC: H01M8/04694
Filed: 2022-02-21
Abstract: To provide a technique capable of suppressing the decrease in power generation output of a fuel cell system when replacing the fuel cell stack.SOLUTION: A disclosed fuel cell system 100 includes: multiple fuel cell stacks 12; and a control unit 140 that controls the operation of the multiple fuel cell stacks 12 so that the multiple fuel cell stacks 12 achieve multiple target operating rates R1, R2 and R3. The multiple fuel cell stacks 12 may include two or more fuel cell stacks that are controlled to achieve the same target operating rate.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1