baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1060755-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to tunnel diodes
IPC: H01L21/00
Filed: 1964-05-27
Abstract: 1,060,755. Semi-conductor devices. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION. May 27; 1964 [June 28, 1963], No. 21924/64. Heading H1K. A process for increasing the peak current of a tunnel diode comprises passing a current in the forward direction through the diode while monitoring its current-voltage characteristic and increasing the forward current until an initial increase in the peak current is observed. As shown, Fig. 4, a tunnel diode 4 is produced by alloying a dot 3 comprising an alloy of indium, copper, selenium, tellurium and sulphur to the surface of a wafer 2 of gallium arsenide doped with zinc. The device, is chemically etched to reduce the junction to the desired diameter and is then connected in the circuit shown. A forward current supplied by source 13 is switched through diode 4 by an electronic switch 9 operating at 100 kc/s. with a 10: 1 duty cycle. During the part of the cycle in which source 13 is disconnected a curve tracer 10a is connected to diode 4 and the currentvoltage characteristic displayed on a CRO 12. The doping levels are chosen so that initially the diode does not exhibit a negative resistance characteristic. The forward current supplied to the device is slowly increased until a peak appears in the characteristic displayed and is then held constant. The value of the peak current continues to increase and the process is terminated when the peak current reaches a value about 2% lower than its maximum value. In use the peak current of the diode slowly increases to its maximum value and then decreases, the end of the useful life being when the peak current is reduced to a value about 2 % lower than the maximum value. The desired value of peak current of the diode may be produced by an electrolytic etching process monitored using a curve tracer as before. In a second embodiment, Fig. 11, a tunnel diode is manufactured by pyrolytically depositing a layer 21 of silicon dioxide on the surface of a wafer 2 of gallium arsenide. The surface is masked by placing the end of a rod in contact with the oxide layer and applying a layer 22 of resist material. The wafer is chemically etched to dissolve the rod and the oxide layer beneath it to form a small window. Alternatively the window can be etched in the oxide layer using a photo-resist method. A dot 3 of donor material is placed over the window and alloyed to the wafer. The device is then electrically treated as previously described, the etching steps being omitted.
Patent GB-517424-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to multilayer colour photographic processes
IPC: G03C7/30
Filed: 1938-07-25
Abstract: 517,424. Colour photography. KODAK, Ltd. and JELLEY, E. E. July 25, 1938, No. 22044. [Class 98 (ii)] In the reversal processing of multi-layer colour photographic elements, the latent images are first developed to silver, the residual silver halide in all layers is rendered non-sensitive and the layers are then selectively re-sensitized to light, exposed and colour developed. The multi-layer material may have three differently sensitized layers inseparably coated on one side of the support. in the order non-sensitized, green sensitized and red sensitized. After exposure it is developed to produce negative silver images and then subjected to a permanganate reversal bath as described in Specification 440,032. This treatment desensitizes the layers. After rinsing in very dilute ammonia, the top layer of the material is resensitized in a 75 per cent. glycerol solution containing 2 per cent. of sodium bisulphite. It is then exposed to white light, the two bottom layers cleared in the dark with an aqueous sodium bisulphite solution, and the top image colour developed, e.g., to yellow. After removal of the developed silver from the top layer, the second layer is then resensitized, exposed and colour developed, e.g., to magenta. The material is finally treated with sodium bisulphite, fully exposed, and colour developed, e.g., to blue green.' The silver is then removed. In a modification all the layers are developed to silver which is removed by a permanganate reversal bath. The desensitized layers are all resensitized by a bisulphite clearing bath and the top two layers are desensitized with pinakryptol yellow or tetramethyl benzidine in glycerol - water - alcohol solution and the bottom layer is exposed and developed to blue-green. The film is resensitized with aqueous bisulphite solution, and dried, and the top layer is desensitized. The film is exposed to white light and the middle layer developed to magenta. After resensitization with bisulphite, the film is exposed, the top layer developed to yellow, and all silver is removed. False colour records may be processed in this manner. Specifications 427,518, 454,498, 454,499, 475,784, 475,786, and 507,841 also. are referred to.
Patent GB-1305646-A (GB)
IPC: C08J9/10
Filed: 1970-05-07
Abstract: 1305646 Plastics mouldings CHEMISCHE WERKE HULS AG 7 May 1970 [8 May 1969] 22050/70 Heading B5A A process for producing mouldings having high light scattering and refraction properties and a pore free surface wherein a plasticized thermoplastics material containing from 0À01 to 0À5% of an expanding agent is forced under a pressure of at least 1400 kp./cm.<SP>2</SP> to fill a cooled injection mould, and is permitted to cool with an after pressure of up to 100 kp/cm<SP>2</SP>. The expanding agent may be azodicarbonamide or numerous other agents as disclosed and the thermoplastics may be styrene homopolymers, copolymers of styrene and acrylonitrile polyacrylates, or cellulose acetate.
Patent GB-1326814-A (GB)
Title: Tear-off apparatus for tube drawing machines
IPC: B65H35/10
Filed: 1971-04-19
Abstract: 1326814 Tearing apparatus WINDMOLLER & HOLSCHER 19 April 1971 [9 March 1970] 22056/71 Heading B4B An apparatus for tearing off lengths of flattened tube from a transversely scored or per. forated web of paper or plastics material comprises a pair of holding rolls 1 and a pair of tear-off rolls 2 adapted to rotate at a faster speed than that of the holding rolls for momentarily engaging the leading web end, and a plurality of deflector rollers 4, 4<SP>1</SP> and arranged to project through a plane that passes through the nips of the holding and tear-off rolls. The rollers 4, 4<SP>1</SP> are adjustably mounted on shafts 5, 5<SP>1</SP> which are connected at their ends to levers 6, 6<SP>1</SP>. As shown in Fig. 1 the web is deflected at F thereby causing a higher degree of tension to be applied to the line P of perforations at those points adjacent the rollers, this effect producing a more efficient tearing. The amount of deflection can be adjusted by means of a connection 7 adapted to change the angular position of the lever. The connection 7 may be actuated in synchronism with the engagement of the tear-off rolls 2.
Patent GB-590488-A (GB)
Title: Process for the isomerization of normally liquid paraffins
IPC: C07C5/27
Filed: 1944-11-09
Abstract: A normal pentane feed is mixed with benzene, part at least of the mixture is passed through a pick-up zone containing a supply of fresh Friedel-Crafts' type metal halide at a temperature and pressure such that halide dissolves in the liquid hydrocarbons to p  form a substantially saturated solution which is introduced with hydrogen halide to an isomerization zone wherein at least part of the metal halide is retained, and the benzene concentration is maintained at 0.1-5 per cent by volume of the pentane feed so as to inhibit pentane decomposition, but not isomerization.  With aluminium chloride and hydrogen chloride, the critical range is 0.1-1.3 per cent at a reaction temperature of 100 DEG  C., and at least 30 mol. per cent conversion to isopentane.  For optimum results the range is 0.2-0.8 at a temperature of about 65-150 DEG  C. and a pressure of about 7-135 atmos.  Chlorides and bromides of Al, Zn, Zr and Fe, or mixtures thereof with halides of Sb, As and Bi are specified as catalysts at temperatures of about 65-205 DEG  C.  They may be charged to the pick-up zone on carriers such as alumina, clays or carbon.  The isomerizer may contain packing material or mechanically agitated halidehydrocarbon liquid complex, to retain the halide introduced from the pick-up zone.  The isomerization products are separated from sludge or, in the case of a fluid complex catalyst, from the catalyst which is recycled, and are fractionated or otherwise treated to recover isopentane, and n-pentane and benzene which are recycled to the pick-up or isomerizing zones.  Results of tests carried out with aluminium chloride using a pick-up temperature of 77 DEG  C. and reaction temperature of 100 DEG  C., and with benzene concentrations from 0-10 per cent and hydrogen chloride 7-10 mol. per cent of the hydrocarbons are given to show the effect of benzene concentration on conversion to isopentane, on cracking or decomposition, and on sludge formation.  Specifications 537,705 and 598,949, as open to public inspection, are referred to.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 is not limited to the use of a catalyst pick-up zone, but comprises ordinary batch operation by agitating the catalyst with pentane and benzene while introducing hydrogen halide, passage of the reactant vapours over a fixed bed of catalyst or sublimation of volatile catalyst into a reactant vapour stream.  This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.
Patent GB-768156-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to forced circulation lubrication for the trunk pistonsof piston engines
IPC: F02B23/06
Filed: 1954-07-29
Abstract: 768,156. Lubricating pistons. MASCHINEN FABRIK AUGSBURG-NURNBERG AKT.- GES. July 29, 1954 [Aug. 20, 1953; Jan. 13, 1954], No. 22151/54. Class 122 (1). [Also in Group XXXIV] Trunk pistons, particularly for high speed internal combustion engines, are lubricated by oil injected, as in jets 10, into the interior of the piston 1 and passing through apertures 8 in the piston communicating with the oil scraper ring groove 7a and through slots 9 in the scraper ring 7 to the cylinder wall 12, the oil returning to the crankcase through relatively wide channels 13, at least 0.5 mm. deep, provided in the exterior of the piston skirt, and axially extending from at least the oil ring groove 7a to the free end 14 of the skirt. The channels 13 extend up to the second piston ring 5, subtend an angle of about 45 degrees on each side of the gudgeon pin axis 15, and are shaped so that the ungrooved bearing surfaces 22 of the skirt are trapezoidal with sides converging towards or away from the piston crown on the counterpressure, and pressure sides of the piston respectively. If a circumferential guiding band 18 is formed on the lower end of the skirt, the band is provided with axial channels 19. The oil injected into the interior of the piston also serves to cool the piston.
Patent GB-331118-A (GB)
IPC: A61K47/02
Filed: 1929-07-19
Abstract: 331,118. Braun, O., and Braun, (nÚe Knipp), I. April 18, 1929, [Convention date]. Medicines for external use.-Rods, pencils, or the like containing iodine are obtained by converting the iodine into an easily water-soluble form, as by rubbing it in contact with an iodine compound such as potassium iodide in the presence of a little water, making the soluble iodine into a paste with binding agents whereby its volatility is reduced, and compressing the paste into the requisite form. Binding agents which render the iodine plastic and maintain or promote its water-solubility may be used, for instance bolus or china clay together with a large proportion of milk sugar, and the plastic mass may be dried at a low temperature, powdered and mixed with talc before compression is effected.
Patent GB-379493-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of lime nitrogen
IPC: C01C3/00
Filed: 1931-08-06
Abstract: Calcium cyanamide is produced by heating a carbide-forming mixture at a temperature above 1600 DEG  C. up to 1900 DEG  C. in a current of nitrogen.  If a mixture of calcium oxide and carbon is employed, it may be heated immediately to the above temperature. Incompletely calcined lime is preferred, and preferably the supply of nitrogen not commenced below 1600 DEG  C.  When calcium phosphate and carbon are used as initial materials, the mixture is first heated at 1000-1600 DEG  C. until the whole of the phosphorus is liberated.  If the raw material is calcium carbonate, the carbide-forming mixture is prepared by calcining with carbon at 900-1600 DEG  C. and immediately thereafter heating in the same or an adjoining furnace to 1600-1900 DEG  C.  The cyanamide-forming stage may be followed by maintaining the temperature at 900-1200 DEG  C.  To prevent fusion, silicon-free carbon, for example peat, forge coal, or anthracite, is used.  The initial materials may be briquetted, part of the carbon being added as tar or other binder. Specifications 279,370, [Class 1 (ii), Inorganic compounds, other than &c.], and 360,765 are referred to.
Patent GB-270548-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in rotary polishing and ironing machines for laundry purposes
IPC: D06F61/02
Filed: 1926-09-10
Abstract: 270,548. Croxon, W. C. Sept. 10, 1926. Ironing-machines.-A polishing roller 3 is driven by chain gearing 12 from a shaft 6 at a greater peripheral speed than the main roller 2 which is also driven from the shaft 6. The polishing roller is journaled in brackets 15 pivoted about the main drive shaft and is adjustably pressed into contact with the main roller by a handwheel and spring 18, 19. A cam lever 22 is provided for releasing the pressure quickly. The work is returned to the front of the machine either by a guide 23 or by a guide 25<a>.
Patent GB-1150717-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to Pressure-Medium Accumulators
IPC: F16L55/052
Filed: 1966-05-20
Abstract: 1,150,717. Hydraulic accumulators. ROBERT BOSCH G.m.b.H. May 20, 1966 [May 22, 1965], No.22430/66. Heading F1P. The wide mouth of a cup-shaped flexible partition 16 dividing the rigid two-part casing 10, 11 of a hydraulic accumulator is urged into sealing engagement against a substantially cylindrical portion of the inner wall of the casing by means of a metal ring 20 which when fitted is of larger outer diameter than the inner diameter of said mouth which latter is thereby elastically deformed. The ring 20 which may be flat sectioned and closed is first inserted in position and is then expanded to its fitted position against an internal reinforcing head 19. An external bead 21 on the partition mouth is received by a recess 22 in the casing wall. In a modification a split ring (42, Fig.3, not shown) is offered with its ends overlapping and is then expanded until said ends abut. In a further modification the inner wall of the mouth is reinforced by a helical spring (50, Fig.4, not shown) abutted by a conical retaining ring (51).
Patent GB-1456190-A (GB)
Title: Process for selective preparation of macrocyclic polyethers
IPC: C07B61/00
Filed: 1975-05-23
Abstract: 1456190 Process for selective preparation of macrocyclic polyethers J DALE 23 May 1975 [28 May 1974] 22656/75 Heading C2C The invention comprises a process for preparing cyclic polyethers of the general formula in which n is an integer from 3 to 11 by oligomerization of ethylene oxide in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the oligomerization is carried out in the presence of a catalyst selected from boron trifluoride, phosphorus pentafluoride and antimony pentafluoride and in the absence of compounds which can provide potential terminal groups which will lead to the formation of linear polymers, and wherein the oligomerization is carried out in the presence of a salt selected from a fluoborate, a fluophosphate or a fluoantimonate of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal or a transition metal to form complexes between the polyethers formed and said salts, separating the complexes from the reaction mixture and liberating the polyethers from the complexes.
Patent GB-202169-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to pulleys for sliding sashes and the like
IPC: E05D13/00
Filed: 1922-08-21
Abstract: 202,169. Branford Bros., Ltd., and Branford, T. H. Aug. 21, 1922. Casting processes; patterns.- In a frame pulley in which the pulley rotates on a pin cast integral with the surrounding casing, the pin or hole is of double conical or reverse formation to form an internal ridge or recess within the pulley wheel. Fig. 3 shows one construction, in which a doubleconical hole engages a waisted pin. In manufacturing, the pulley is cast first, and then inserted in sand to form a core around which the casing and pin is cast. Clearance between the pulley and pin is provided for by covering the hola in the pulley with a film of sand.
Patent GB-925352-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to couplings for pipes or tubes
IPC: F16L37/32
Filed: 1959-07-03
Abstract: 925,352. Pipe couplings. R. S. THOMSON, and J. F. THOMSON. July 3, 1959, No. 22867/59. Class 99(1). A coupling member 1 is provided with a dome-shaped, spring-loaded plunger or valve 10 carried by a perforated, notched or recessed plate or disc 9 screwed into the coupling member. As shown, a socket member 1 carries a spring-biassed sleeve 7 which urges balls 3 into recesses in the plug member 2, and resilient seals 14 are cemented into annular grooves in the valve heads.
Patent GB-779391-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in 2, 5-dimethyl-1, 6-hexanediol and esters thereof
IPC: C07C31/18
Filed: 1955-08-09
Abstract: The esters of 2.5-dimethyl-1.6-hexane diol with straight-chained alkanoic acids of four to twelve carbon atoms are stated to be excellent low-temperature plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride and like polymers and copolymers.  Polyesters are formed by reaction between 2.5-dimethyl-1.6-hexane diol and dicarboxylic acids such as succinic, adipic, dimethyladipic, pimelic, azelaic, sebacic and the various phthalic acids.ALSO:The invention comprises esters of formula <FORM:0779391/IV(b)/1> in which R DEG  is the acyl group of a straight-chained saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid of four to twelve carbon atoms. 2.5-Dimethyl-1.6-hexane diol, from which these esters are derived, is prepared by reacting an alkyl ester of a .a 1-dimethyl adipic acid, in which the alkyl group contains from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, with hydrogen under pressure in the presence of a copperchromium oxide hydrogenation catalyst between 200 DEG  and 350 DEG  C.  The diol may then be heated with a straight-chained alkanoic acid, containing from four to twelve carbon atoms, in the presence of an acidic esterification catalyst and a water-immiscible volatile organic solvent to produce an ester with the above formula.  The hydrogenation is carried out at temperatures of 200-350 DEG  C. and a hydrogen pressure of 1500-2500 p.s.i.  Suitable esterification catalysts are, for example, sulphuric acid, a sulphonated cation-exchange resin in hydrogen form, an arylsulphonic acid or an alkane sulphonic acid. Suitable solvents are benzene, toluene, xylene, chlorinated hydrocarbons and naphthas.  In the examples: (a) dimethyl-a -a 1-dimethyl adipate is treated with hydrogen in the presence of a copper-chromium oxide catalyst to give 2.5-dimethyl-1.6-hexane diol; (b) 2.5-dimethyl-1.6-hexane diol is heated with butyric acid in the presence of p-toluene sulphonic acid and toluene to give the ester of formula C3H7COOCH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH (CH3)CH2COOC3H7; (c) 2.5-dimethyl-1.6-hexane diol is reacted with caprylic acid to give the di-octanoate; (d) 2.5-dimethyl-1.6-hexane diol is reacted with lauric acid to give the di-laurate and (e) 2.5-dimethyl-1.6-hexane diol is reacted with caproic acid and butyric acid to give the half butyrate half caproate.ALSO:The esters of 2.5 - dimethyl - 1.6 - hexane diol with straight-chained alkanoic acids of four to twelve carbon atoms may be used as liquid lubricants and may be made into greases with lithium stearate.  The oils and greases may contain anti-oxidants, stabilizers, E.P. agents, and corrosion inhibitors.  They may also contain oil-soluble resinous products which are used to depress pour point and improve viscosity index, such as alkyl polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polyfumarates or polyitaconates, and copolymers from two or more polymerizable monovinylidene compounds.
Patent GB-1432085-A (GB)
Title: Capacitor
IPC: H01G5/06
Filed: 1974-05-22
Abstract: 1432085 Variable capacitors SUWA SEIKOSHA KK 22 May 1974 [24 May 1973 21 Sept 1973] 22904/74 Heading H1M A variable capacitor comprises a ceramic rotor 1 bearing the movable electrode and a stator 2 bearing the fixed electrode mounted to permit relative rotational movement, one rotor and stator each being provided with two connecting leads 4a, 4b and 5a, 5b independently securable to a fixed mounting structure. The capacitor is suitable for use in an electronic timepiece such as a wrist watch since its susceptibility to vibration is reduced. Leads 4a, 4b as shown are arms of a spring member 4 in contact with the rotor electrode through shaft 3.
Patent GB-879243-A (GB)
Title: Reinforced plastic
Inventor: NEWSON JOHN CHASE
Filed: 1958-07-17
Abstract: 879,243. Laminates. MENDIP (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING) Ltd. Oct. 16, 1959 [July 17, 1958], No. 22905/58. Addition to 798,398. Class 140. Laminated bodies such as tanks, vats, distillation columns or trays therefor, pipes, ducts, fume hoods, or butterfly valves, are made by applying a layer of a liquid epoxy resin system and fibre material over the surface of a mould, applying thereover a layer of a liquid system comprising a copolymer of an unsaturated polyester and an unsaturated monomer such as styrene or methyl methacrylate with fibrous material, and applying upon this layer a second layer of fibrous material and a similar but not identical polyester system, the first polyester system being preferably compatible and the second incompatible with the epoxy resin. The fibrous materials may comprise woven, felted, matted or loose fibres of glass, nylon, cellulose (including paper) or polyethylene terephthalate. Epoxy resin systems usable may include thixotropic agents such as silica, a polysulphide resin, which reduces the viscosity of the mix, or a polyamide resin, which acts as a hardener. The polyester resins, which may also contain silica or other thixotropic agents, differ in the accelerators and catalysts used, e.g. in (I) dimethyl aniline and benzoyl peroxide, and (2) cobalt naphthenate and methyl-ethyl-ketone " peroxide " (a mixture of the peroxides and hydroperoxides of the ketone), this resin being cold setting. A number of layers of fibrous material mav be used with each resin. For moulding a tank on a slightly tapered male mould of square section the layers may be of the shape shown, the part A being applied to the top, parts B, C to two sides and D, E to the remaining sides of the mould, the edges of D, E being wrapped around the corners of the moulding and in building up successive layers being turned through 90 degrees. Pieces F may be applied at the corners between some layers.