Patent EA-002888-B1 (EA)
Title: Inorganic hydrogen composition, separation methods and use
Inventor: MILLS RANDELL L
IPC: C01B32/60
Filed: 1998-07-07
Abstract: A compound comprising at least one hydrogen species having a greater binding energy selected from the group, comprising: (a) a hydrogen atom having a binding energy greater of about 13.6 (1/p)<2> eV, where p is an integer greater than 1; (b) an increased binding energy hydride ion (H<->) having a binding energy (E), equal to    where s=1/2, π, h is Planck's constant bar, divided by 2π, μ0 is the permeability of vacuum, me is the mass of the electron, μe is the reduced electron mass, a0 is the Bohr radius, and e is the elementary charge; (c) an increased binding energy hydrogen species H4<+>(1/p); (d) an increased binding energy hydrogen species H3<+>(1/p); having a binding energy of about 22.6 (1/p)<2> eV, where p is an integer; (e) a hydrogen molecule with an increased binding energy, having a binding energy of about 15.5 (1/p)<2> eV; and (f) a binding energy hydrogen molecular ion with a binding energy of about 16.4(1/p)<2> eV; and at least one other element. 2. The compound of Claim 1 wherein the increased binding energy hydrogen species is selected from the group consisting of Hn, H<->n and H<+>n, where n is an integer from one to three. 3. The compound of Claim 1 wherein the increased binding energy hydrogen species is selected from the group consisting of hydride ion having a binding energy greater than about 0.8 eV; hydrogen atom having a binding energy greater than about 13.6 eV; hydrogen molecule having a first binding energy grater than about 15.5 eV; and molecular hydrogen ion having a binding energy greater than about 16.4 eV. 4. The compound of Claim 3 wherein the increased binding energy hydrogen species is a hydride ion having a binding energy of about either of 3, 7, 11, 17, 23, 29, 36, 43, 49, 55, 61, 66, 69, 71 or 72 eV. 5. The compound of Claim 4 wherein the increased binding energy hydrogen species is a hydride ion having the binding energy:   where p is an integer greater than one, s=1/2, π, h is pi, h is Planck's constant bar, divided by 2, μ0 is the permeability of vacuum, me is the mass of the electron, μe is the reduced electron mass, a0 is the Bohr radius, and e is the elementary charge. 6. The compound of Claim 1 wherein p is from 2 to 200. 7. The compound of Claim 1 which is greater than 50 atomic percent pure. 8. The compound of Claim 7 which is greater than 90 atomic percent pure. 9. The compound of Claim 8 which is greater than 98 atomic percent pure. 10. The compound of Claim 1 wherein said increased binding energy hydrogen species is negative. 11. The compound of Claim 10 comprising at least one cation. 12. The compound of Claim 11 wherein the cation is a proton, H3<+>, H3<+>(1/p) or H2<+>[2c'=2a0/p]<+>. 13. The compound of Claim 1 wherein the other element is an ordinary hydrogen atom or an ordinary hydrogen molecule. 14. The compound of Claim 3 having a formula selected from the group of formulae consisting of MH, MH2, and M2H2 wherein M is an alkali cation and H is selected from the group consisting of an increased binding energy hydride ion and an increased binding energy hydrogen atom. 15. The compound of Claim 3 having a formula MHn wherein n is 1 or 2, M is an alkaline earth cation and H is selected from the group consisting of said increased binding energy hydride ion and said increased binding energy hydrogen atom. 16. The compound of Claim 3 having a formula MMX wherein M is an alkali cation, X is one of a neutral atom, a molecule, or a singly negatively charged anion, and H is selected from the group consisting of said increased binding energy hydride ion and said increased binding energy hydrogen atom. 17. The compound of Claim 3 having a formula MMX wherein M is an alkaline earth cation, X is a single negatively charged anion, and H is selected from the group consisting of said increased binding energy hydride ion and said increased binding energy hydrogen atom. 18. The compound of Claim 3 having a formula MMX wherein M is an alkaline earth cation, X is a doubly negatively charged anion, and H is said increased binding energy hydrogen atom. 19. The compound of Claim 3 having a formula M2HX wherein M is an alkali cation, X is a singly negatively charged anion, and H is selected from the group consisting of an increased binding energy hydride ion and an increased binding energy hydrogen atom. 20. The compound of Claim 1 having a formula MHn wherein n is an integer from 1 to 5, M is an alkaline cation and the hydrogen content Hn of the compound comprises at least one said increased binding energy hydrogen species. 21. The compound of Claim 1 having a formula M2Hn wherein n is an integer from 1 to 4, M is an alkaline earth cation and the hydrogen content Hn of the compound comprises at least one said increased binding energy hydrogen species. 22. The compound of Claim 1 having a formula M2XHn wherein n is an integer from 1 to 3, M is an alkaline earth cation, X is a singly negatively charged anion, and the hydrogen content Hn of the compound comprises at least one said increased binding energy hydrogen species. 23. The compound of Claim 1 having a formula M2X2Hn wherein n is 1 or 2, M is an alkaline earth cation, X is a singly negatively charged anion, and the hydrogen content Hn of the compound comprises at least one said increased binding energy hydrogen species. 24. The compound of Claim 1 having a formula M2X3H wherein M is an alkaline earth cation, X is a singly negatively charged anion, and H is selected from the group consisting of an increased binding energy hydride ion and- an increased binding energy hydrogen atom. 25. The compound of Claim 1 having a formula M2XHn wherein n is 1 or 2, M is an alkaline earth cation, X is a double negatively charged anion, and the hydrogen content Hn of the compound comprises at least one said increased binding energy hydrogen species. 26. The compound of Claim 3 having a formula M2XX'H wherein M is an alkaline earth cation, X is a singly negatively charged anion, X' is a double negatively charged anion, and H is selected from the group consisting of an increased binding energy hydride ion and an increased binding energy hydrogen atom. 27. The compound of Claim 1 having a formula MM'Hn wherein n is an integer from 1 to 3, M is an alkaline earth cation, M' is an alkali metal cation and the hydrogen content Hn of the compound comprises at least one said increased binding energy hydrogen species. 28. The compound of Claim 1 having a formula MM'XHn wherein n is 1 or 2, M is an alkaline earth cation, M' is an alkali metal cation, X is a singly negatively charged anion and the hydrogen content Hn of the compound comprises at least one said increased binding energy hydrogen species. 29. The compound of Claim 3 having a formula MM'XH wherein M is an alkaline earth cation, M' is an alkali metal cation, X is a double negatively charged anion and H is selected from the group consisting of an increased binding energy hydride ion and an increased binding energy hydrogen atom. 30.The compound of Claim 3 having a formula MM'XX'H wherein M is an alkaline earth cation, M' is an alkali metal caution, X and X' are singly negatively charged anion and H is selected from the group consisting of an increased binding energy hydride ion and an increased binding energy hydrogen atom. 31. The compound of Claim 1 having a formula HnS wherein n is 1 or 2 and the hydrogen content Hn of the compound comprises at least one said increased binding energy hydrogen species. 32. The compound of Claim 1 having a formula MXX'Hn wherein n is an integer from 1 to 5, M is an alkali or alkaline earth cation, X is a singly or double negatively charged anion, X' is selected from the group consisting of Si, Al, Ni, a transition element, an inner transition element, and a rare earth element, and the hydrogen content Hn of the compound comprises at least one said increased binding energy hydrogen species. 33. The compound of Claim 1 having a formula MA1Hn wherein n is an integer from 1 to 6, M is an alkali or alkaline earth cation and the hydrogen content Hn of the compound comprises at least one said increased binding energy hydrogen species. 34. The compound of Claim 1 having a formula MHn wherein n is an integer from 1 to 6, M is selected from a group consisting of a transition element, an inner transition element, a rare earth element, and Ni, and the hydrogen content Hn of the compound comprises at least one said increased binding energy hydrogen species. 35. The compound of Claim 1 having a formula MNiHn wherein n is an integer from 1 to 6, M is selected from a group consisting of an alkali cation, alkaline earth cation, silicon, and aluminum, and the hydrogen content Hn of the compound comprises at least one said increased binding energy hydrogen species. 36. The compound of Claim 1 having a formula MXHn wherein n is an integer from 1 to 6, M is selected from a group consisting of an alkali cation, alkaline earth cation, silicon, or aluminum, X is selected from a group consisting of a transition element, inner transition element, and a rare earth element cation, and the hydrogen content Hn of the compound comprises at least one said increased binding energy hydrogen species. 37. The compound of Claim 1 or 2 having a formula MXAlX'Hn wherein n is 1 or 2, M is an alkali or alkaline earth cation, X and X' are either a singly negatively charged anion or a double negatively charged anion, and the hydrogen content Hn of the compound comprises at least one increased binding energy hydrogen species. 38. The compound of Claim 1 having a formula TiHn wherein n is an integer from 1 to 4, and the hydrogen content Hn of the compound comprises at least one said increased binding energy hydrogen species. 39. The compound of Claim 1 having a formula Al2Hn wherein n is an integer from 1 to 4, and the hydrogen content Hn of the compound comprises at least one said increased binding energy hydrogen species. 40. The compound of Claim 16, 17, 18, 22, 23, 24, 26, 28,