baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1192097-A (GB)
Title: Resolution of alpha-Amino epsilon-Caprolactactams
IPC: C07D223/12
Filed: 1968-08-26
Abstract: 1,192,097. Resolution of D- and L-α-amino- #-caprolactams; L-lysine HCI. SANYO CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES Ltd. 26 Aug., 1968 [25 Aug., 1967 (2); 12 Sept., 1967; 9 Dec., 1967; 7 June, 1968], No. 40777/68. Heading C2C. A mixture of D- and L-α-amino-#-caprolactam is resolved by forming a supersaturated solution of the salts of the D- and L-aminocaprolactam with #-naphthalene sulphonic or 2-naphthylamine-1-sulphonic acid, allowing the solution to crystallize and isolating the first crystalline fraction. When the supersaturated solution contains unequimolar amounts of the D- and L- sulphonates, the optically active isomer may crystallize spontaneously, but it is preferred, and necessary when equimolar amounts are present, to seed the solution with crystals optical isomer required or that isomer present in the greater amount. Generally 1-10% by wt. of seed crystals, based on the amount of sulphonates in solution, are used. The first crystalline fraction is separated by filtration and the mother liquor which is supersaturated in respect to the other isomer is then seeded with crystals of the other isomer. The process may be adapted for continuous operation. The optically active aminolactam can be recovered from the salt by treatment with an alkaline substance or an ion-exchange resin or the sulphonate may be converted to a mineral acid salt before liberation of the aminolactam. The sulphonate salts are prepared by reacting the aminolactam and sulphonic acid in solution. The resulting solution of the salt may be used to form the supersaturated solution, e.g. by cooling or evaporating solvent from a solution which is not supersaturated. Solvents from which crystallization can be effected include water, C 1-5  alkanols, C 2-4  alkyleneglycols and monoethers thereof, C 1-3  carboxylic acids, di-(C 1-3  alkyl)-formamides, acetamides and sulphoxides, acetone, acetonitrile, nitromethane, pyridine, dioxane or mixtures thereof. L-Lysine monohydrochloride can be prepared by hydrolysing the #-naphthalene sulphonate of L-α-amino-#-caprolactam, separated by the above process, with HCl, reacting the hydrolysis mixture with D- and L-α-amino-#-caprolactam, separating the #-sulphonate of the aminolactams thus precipitated and recovering the L-lysine hydrochloride from the mother liquor, e.g. by concentrating and adding methanol. The #-sulphonate of D- and L-aminolactam can be recycled to the resolution process.
Patent GB-1048569-A (GB)
Title: A magneto-hydrodynamic generator
Inventor: LEROND PIERRE
IPC: H02K44/20
Filed: 1963-10-16
Abstract: 1,048,569. Generators and pumps operating by electromagnetic interaction with fluids. COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE. Oct. 16, 1963 [Oct. 16, 1962; Sept. 20, 1963], No. 40847/63. Heading H2A. An A.C. magnetohydrodynamic generator comprises two rectangular refractory ducts spaced apart by a magnetic core which forms part of a magnetic circuit and has the ducts joined by lateral connections so that the fluid can circulate around the interposed magnetic core. The magnetic circuit is wound with a primary (exciting) and a secondary winding, the latter being connected to a load. As shown in Fig. 7, ducts 32, 33 are joined by conduits 34, 35 and surround an X-shaped magnetic core 36. Two outer magnetic members 38, 39 are placed on core 36 so that the central poles carrying the exciting winding are adjacent the ducts where these are joined by the conduits. The legs of the outer magnetic members carry secondary windings 41 which are connected to the load (not shown). In operation, both ducts carry ionized gas, seeded with potassium or caesium, flowing in the same direction and the main magnetic field is such as to induce currents in opposite directions in the ducts so a circulating current around the core is formed; the gas in conduits 34, 35 acting as the connection for this current. The exciting field components in core 36 are in opposition and effectively cancel out so that the A.C. current flowing around core 36 will induce an A.C. flux in it which links with coils 41 to produce an output. In the modification shown in Fig. 9, fluid flows in opposite directions in ducts 104, 106 in the presence of an A.C. magnetic field to generate an A.C. current which circulates through connecting conduits 126-136, and links with core member 118 to induce a current in secondary coil 120. The C-shaped member 110 carries the main flux produced by exciting winding 114 and since the primary and secondary fields are perpendicular they do not interact. By making conduits 126-136 of small section compared to the ducts substantial flow of fluid between them is prevented and a baffle arrangement, Fig. 11 (not shown) is used to compensate for any pressure drop in the main duct. To improve efficiency secondary coil 120 may be wound on the limb of core 118 which lies between the ducts. The generator may be self- or separately-excited and is stated to be capable of use as a pump.
Patent GB-1162692-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to Television and Like Camera Tubes
Inventor: BANKS PETER BALDWIN
IPC: H01J29/41
Filed: 1966-09-14
Abstract: 1,162,692. Glass compositions; surface treatment. ENGLISH ELECTRIC VALVE CO. Ltd. 2 Aug., 1967 [14 Sept., 1966], No. 41116/66. Heading C1M. [Also in Division H1] A method of making the glass target of a TV camera tube (e.g. image orthicon) includes the steps of preparing a target of glass containing titanium or niobium oxide (e.g. a glass of 60% BaO, 20% B 2 O 3  and 20% TiO 2  by weight) in oxidizing conditions; depositing metal (e.g. Ti) through a fine mesh on to one side thereof to produce a mosaic of discrete metal areas and rendering the glass conductive at said areas but not at the boundary regions by differential heat treatment whereby the glass at said areas is heated to a sufficiently high temperature to cause a change in conductivity due to chemical reduction (e.g. titanium oxide or niobium oxide from the quadrivalent to trivalent state or pentavalent to quadrivalent state respectively) or devitrification for instance. The heating may be by radiation from the side of the target opposite to that on which metal has been deposited.
Patent GB-1055318-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to treatment of metals
Inventor: PFEIL PETER CHARLES LESLIE
IPC: C22C38/40
Filed: 1964-10-12
Abstract: Essentially boron free stainless steels and nickel based alloys are treated to reduce the effects of irradiation thereon by addition thereto of 5-200 part per million, by weight, of the isotope boron -11.  The alloys may also contain up to 0.2% of zirconium.  Various heat treatments are disclosed.  The alloy may be used as a fuel can or as cladding in a nuclear reactor.
Patent GB-906876-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to polyphase rectifier circuits
IPC: H02M1/04
Filed: 1959-12-07
Abstract: 906,876. Rectifying. PHILIPS ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES Ltd. Dec. 7, 1959 [Dec. 10, 1958], No. 41482/59. Class 38 (2). A polyphase rectifier comprises bridge connected thyratrons each supplied with two ignition pulses per cycle. The grids of thyratrons 1-6 are connected to the secondary windings of pulse transformers 16 whose primary windings are connected at one end to a common positive terminal 22. The other end of each primary winding is connected through separate uncontrolled rectifiers 24 to two of the auxiliary valves 7. In the anode circuit of each auxiliary valve is a capacitor 36. Auxiliary valves 7 are made conducting in turn so that the condenser in the anode circuit of the conducting valve is charged and a pulse develops in each of the two transformers connected to that valve, thus causing firing pulses to be applied to two of the thyratrons, e.g. 1 and 6. When the next auxiliary valve conducts, thyratrons 2 and 6 are ignited, and so on. The duration of the ignition pulses is less than 60 degrees, preferably less than 200 Ásec. In another embodiment, the discharge of the capacitors is used to produce the ignition pulses.
Patent GB-876642-A (GB)
Title: Limit control apparatus
IPC: B07C5/08
Filed: 1958-12-23
Abstract: 876,642. Electric correspondence control systems. VALENTINE, O. H., LODDING, W. F., KINKEAD, R. M., and MOORHEAD, M. M. Dec. 23, 1958 [Dec. 24, 1957], No. 41605/58. Class 40 (1).  Apparatus for sorting suture strings in accordance with the minimum thickness of each string comprises a series of bridges having a common pair of arms constituted by the centre-tapped secondary winding of a transformer whose core is displaced by feelers sensing the suture thickness, whereby the bridges selectively energize relays which control the sorting of the suture strings in accordance with the minimum thickness. As shown, Fig. 2, suture strings 10 are fed between gauging wheels 12, 13, the latter being driven by a motor (not shown). Wheel 12 is mounted on a bell-crank 30 pivoted at 33, and attached to a link 63 via a rod 61, so that angular displacement of the bell-crank in accordance with the thickness of string 10 produces corresponding linear displacement of rod 61, and a magnetic core 60, carried by the rod, inside a transformer 55, the differential change in the inductances of two half windings being a measure of this thickness. The sutures 10 are conveyed through tubes 42, 15 by air pressure applied to tube 50, and sorted in accordance with their minimum thickness as measured by transformer 55. Electrical circuit (Fig. 5). The two secondary half windings 71, 72 of transformer 55 form two of the arms of a multiple bridge circuit, whose other pairs of arms comprise a series of potentiometers P, P 1 -P n , each of the sliders being set to balance at a predetermined displacement of core 55, corresponding to progressively decreasing thickness of string in equal stages from P 1  to P n . The unbalance voltages at the potentiometer sliders are amplified and clipped at A 1  &c. and fed to phase-sensitive discriminators D 1  &c. to produce a train of positive pulses when the gauged dimension is less than the dimension for which the specific potentiometer was pre-adjusted. The positive pulses are fed to thyratrons T 1  &c. and fire the appropriate thyratron to energize relays R 1 , TR 1 , &c. which after appropriate delay, direct the tested suture to its sorting file. The apparatus may be duplicated to provide additional sorting facilities in accordance with the maximum thickness of each suture string. Specifications 835,288 and 876,643 are referred to.
Patent GB-416870-A (GB)
IPC: G06C23/06
Abstract: 416,870. Calculating - machines. NATIONAL CASH REGISTER CO., Dayton, Ohio, U.S.A. March 24, 1933, No. 8894. Convention date, March 24, 1932. [Class 106 (i).] Operating by motors; one-cycle mechanism.- When the starting bar 10 is depressed a lever 17 is rocked clockwise by a pin 16 on a lever 15 pivoted at 14 and also by a link 20. A pin 22 on the lever 17 is thus removed from the path of a lever 24 which is then swung anti-clockwise about its pivot 23 by a spring 25 to free a clutch lever 28. The wheel 27 then rotates and operates the main shaft through a link 31 and lever 33. Towards the end of the revolution the lever 24 is restored by a pin 34 on the link 31 engaging a projection on the lever. If the bar 10 is held depressed, a second operative cycle of the machine is prevented by the action of a hook 41 which engages a pin 39 on the lever 24 to retain it in machine-locking position. The lever 24 is temporarily latched by a latch 37 to ensure that the hook 41 and pin 39 have time to engage. The latch 37 is pivoted at 18 and is caused to press against the lever 33 by spring means and is removed away from its latching position when the lever 33 returns to its full-cycle position. The spring 42 controlling the hook 41 is attached to the lever 21 and when the bar 10 is released the spring 42 acts as a push-rod to disengage the hook 41 so that upon the next depression of the bar 10 the lever 24 is freed.
Patent GB-938224-A (GB)
Title: Photographic camera with an automatic exposure regulator
IPC: G03B7/12
Filed: 1959-12-08
Abstract: 938,224. Photographic cameras. AGFA A.G. Dec. 8, 1959 [Dec. 19, 1958], No. 41790/59. Class 98 (1). A camera with an automatic exposure regulator has means operated by a slide controlled by the regulator for indicating whether manual or automatic regulation is selected and whether the illumination is satisfactory or not. Manual movement of the key 34, Fig. 1, downwards against a strong return spring 32 releases the ring 30 which rotates under the action of a spring 31 to set shutter speed and diaphragm aperture setting rings. Ring 30 rotates until the slide 13, connected thereto by an arm 27, is arrested by a pin 15 on a follow-up arm 16, Fig. 2 (not shown), in contact with the needle 21 of a galvanometer which is clamped between jaws 17, 18. When the illumination is too low for satisfactory exposure a red section 43 of an indicator is opposite a window 50 in the carrier 48 for field defining marks 49 and is reflected therewith from a mirror 51 into the viewfinder 6. When the light is sufficient, an extension 36 contacts a lug 40 and moves the green section 44 opposite window 50. When over exposure is likely the extension 37 contacts the control surface 41 to move the red section 45 opposite window 50. For manual exposures the changeover shaft 63 carrying a cam 62 is rotated in the direction v. Cam 62 rotates a lever 60 which moves the slide 54. The end 53 thereof engages a pin 52 to move the yellow section 46 opposite window 50. A further section may be provided opposite window 50 when automatic exposure is only possible using a stand. The coloured sections may be replaced by marks or letters. In a further embodiment, Fig. 3, not shown, the changeover shaft may be moved to a flashlight position so that the shutter is adjusted to an appropriate speed and manual setting of the diaphragm is possible, the red section of the indicator being disposed in front of the window.
Patent GB-977903-A (GB)
Title: Improved process and apparatus for contacting flowable materials
IPC: F23C3/00
Filed: 1960-12-05
Abstract: <PICT:0977903/C1/1> Finely - divided pyrites or other sulphur-bearing ores, or calcium hydroxide, are contacted respectively with air or calcining gas by forcing said air or gas into a substantially flat zone, whose height is not greater than one-eighth of its diameter, from the entire periphery thereof in an inwardly spiralling path to form a vortex at the centre of said zone, introducing said solid material into said zone (e.g. with said air or gas) and discharging the products from the centre of said vortex in a direction perpendicular to said zone. As shown in Fig. 4, the ore &c. and air are admitted to an outer annular plenum chamber 60 and guided into the flat zone 61 by means of tangential vanes 62.  The vortex passes out through nozzle 69. Fuel may, if desired, be supplied by the gas or oil burner 73.ALSO:Vaporous hydrocarbons are contacted with cracking catalysts by forcing the gases into a substantially flat zone, whose height is not greater than one eighth of its diameter, from the entire periphery thereof in an inwardly spiralling path to form a vortex at the centre of said zone, introducing the catalyst into the zone, and discharging the gases and catalyst from the centre of said vortex in a direction perpendicular to the plane of said zone.  In the system shown in Fig. 1, a reactor 15 and catalyst regenerator 16 are of this type.  A gas oil boiling at 400-1000 DEG C. is preheated with regenerating gases in heat exchanger 22, mixed with regenerated with an acid-treated bentonite clay catalyst at 17 and passed to reactor 15 where cracking takes place at 900 DEG  F. and 12 p.s.i.g. to give a product of stated composition rich in gasoline which is withdrawn at 20.  The catalyst is passed to regenerator 16 and thence via line 21 to mixing nozzle 17. Fig. 2 shows a reactor/separator in more detail.  Gas is admitted to the outer annular plenum chamber 30 and enters the chamber 33 through annular slot 35 extending therearound.  Catalyst is added at 43 and the vortex passes out through outlet 37 into separating chamber 38. Catalyst is removed at 39 and entrained fines at 41, the gaseous products being discharged at 42. <PICT:0977903/C4-C5/1> <PICT:0977903/C4-C5/2>
Patent GB-1069437-A (GB)
Title: Injectable x-ray contrast media
Inventor: HOLTERMANN HUGO
IPC: A61K33/08
Filed: 1963-10-23
Abstract: Injectable X-ray contrast media comprise an aqueous solution of at least one parenterally injectable amine salt of an iodinated organic acid as contrast substance, and also contain calcium ions, the solution being substantially free from undissolved components, and preferably containing at least 0.2 mgs/ml. of calcium ions. Suitable amines are diethanolamine and N-methyl glucamine, and iodinated acids may be polyiodocarboxylic acids such as: 3,5-diacet-amido-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid (diatrizoic acid); its N-methyl derivative (metrizoic acid); its N,N\sv-dihydroxyethyl derivative; 3-acetamido-5-propionamido-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid; 3,5-dipropionamido-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid 5-acetamido-2,4,6-triiodo-N-methyl-iso phthalamic acid (iothalamic acid); and 3-acetamido-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid.  The amine salts may be in admixture with other cation salts of the iodinated acids, e.g. sodium or calcium, in the latter case the calcium ions are supplied in the form of such calcium-iodinated acid salts. Alternatively, a different soluble calcium salt may be used, such as calcium chloride.  The compositions may also contain chelating agents, such as citrates or ethylene diamine tetraacetate, in which event allowance is made for calcium ions bound to such agents, which bound calcium is not useful in the compositions. The compositions are of use in being more physiologically compatible than similar media which lack calcium ions.
Patent GB-1412501-A (GB)
Title: Insulated wire and process for producing the same
IPC: H01B3/44
Filed: 1973-09-05
Abstract: 1412501 Coated wires DAINICHI-NIPPON CABLES LTD 5 Sept 1973 [5 Sept 1972] 41873/73 Heading B2E [Also in Division H1] An insulated conductive wire has thereon an overcoating of (1) a baked insulating layer of polyacryl resin and (2) a baked layer of polyester resin over the polyacryl resin layer, the polyacryl resin comprising a copolymer of (a) at least one compound of the formula (b) at least one compound of the formula and (c) at least one unsaturated organic acid the acid having from 3 to 30 carbon atoms and at least one double bond which is reacted with a double bond of the compound of Formula (I) or (II), wherein R<SP>1</SP> is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R<SP>2</SP> is a cyano group or an aldehyde group or a carboxyalkyl ester group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and R<SP>3</SP> and R<SP>4</SP> represent a hydrogen atom, a glycidyl ether group, a glycidyl ester group or an organic group having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms and which is an alkyl group, an amide group, an N-alkylamide group or an alkylol group, except that both R<SP>3</SP> and R<SP>4</SP> are not simultaneously a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, the polyester resin comprising a copolymer of (d) terephthalic acid or a derivative thereof and (e) a mixture of polyols comprising at least one diol and at least one triol or at least one tetraol or a mixture of a triol and a tetraol, the polyol mixture containing 40-97% equivalents of the diol. Numerous suitable examples for R<SP>1</SP>, R<SP>2</SP>, R<SP>3</SP> and R<SP>4</SP> are listed, as numerous examples of suitable components (a), (b) and (c) modifing monomers may be present in the copolymer such as styrene derivative and diolefins. Preferably the polyacryl resin has a degree of polymerisation of 10000 to 1000000. The polyacryl resin may be applied to the wire in the form of a dispersion or a solution in water or in an appropriate organic solvent, such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N.N.-dimethyl acetamide or dimethyl sulphoxide, preferably using a polymer concentration of 5- 50% by weight. The coating may then be baked at temperatures of 100‹C to 600‹C. Suitable polyester resins are listed and the polyester resin may also be applied as a solution or dispersion both in the same solvents as the polyacryl resin and also phenol, cresol and xylenol. The thickness of the underlayer is preferably 1-300Á and that of the outer layer from 0.3 to 100Á.
Patent GB-1442985-A (GB)
Title: Module heat exchanger
IPC: B21D53/04
Filed: 1972-09-08
Abstract: 1442985 Plate heat exchangers DELANAIR Ltd 7 Sept 1973 [8 Sept 1972] 41931/72 Heading F4S A heat exchanger comprises a plurality of hollow-plate elements each made from two metal sheets (e.g. copper-alloy or aluminium) joined face-to-face and shaped to provide tubular passages 18 for a first fluid, extending between header compartments 16, 17, said passages 18 being separated from each other by portions of the metal sheets which have louvres 27 therein for a second fluid flowing in a direction (A, Fig. 1) normal to the plane of the element, and each header compartment having connecting means whereby it may be placed in fluid communication with header compartment of an adjacent element. In use, the elements are brazed or soldered together face to face (Fig. 1) by interfitting bosses and recesses 22, 24 (See also Fig. 2) formed on the headers. A preferred use of the heat exchanger is as an air heater or cooler for a vehicle space in which hot water from the vehicle engine, or a cold liquid or gas as appropriate is fed through the tubular passages 18 to heat or cool an air stream (which may be fan assisted) flowing through the louvred portions of the elements.
Patent GB-1156551-A (GB)
Title: High Voltage Insulator
IPC: H01B17/36
Filed: 1966-09-20
Abstract: 1,156,551. Ceramic compositions. MINNESOTA MINING & MFG. CO. 20 Sept., 1966 [20 Sept., 1965], No. 42000/66. Heading C1J. [Also in Division H2] A high voltage electrical insulator filled with oil comprises a tube of microporous insulating material through which the oil can exude to keep the outer surface clean. The porous tube is made from aluminium oxide by preparing a slurry of 95 parts of aluminium oxide of average particle size 4 microns, 3 parts of talc, 2 parts of clay, 2 parts of methyl cellulose, 5 parts of aqueous wax emulsion containing 45% wax, and sufficient water to provide a sprayable mass, spray drying the mixture to produce a quantity of small porous pellets which are pressed together under a pressure of 20,000 p.s.i. into a tube which is fired. Various degrees of porosity are obtained according to the firing temperature. The tube is machined to the desired shape and waterproofed by prolonged immersion in a solution of 100 parts of heptane, 50 parts of polymerizable silicone fluid and 1 part of lead naphthenate, dried and heated.