Patent GB-1080367-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for the mixing and separating of fluent substances
IPC: B04B5/02
Filed: 1963-05-08
Abstract: 1,080,367. Centrifugal separators; agitating apparatus. H. O. P. UNGER. May 8, 1964 [May 8, 1963[, No. 18184/63. Headings B1C and B2P. An apparatus for mixing and separating fluent substances, such as solid particles in suspension in a liquid, comprises a centrifuge with a rotatable head, a number of containers carried by the centrifuge head, means for rotating the head, means for rotating each of the containers on its own axis, and means for controlling the rotation of the containers independently of the rotation of the head and so that the containers can be rotated intermittently or at varying speed whilst the head rotates at substantially uniform speed. In Fig. 1, the centrifuge head 1 is formed with a central cavity 3 in which is fixedly or removably mounted an automatic measuring and dividing device 4 for dispensing liquid, e.g. blood, via flexible tubes 6, 6<SP>1</SP> to tube-like containers 7, 71 mounted in the head with part of their external surfaces exposed. The containers may be inserted in the holes 9 and pockets 8 by introducing them through holes 10 in the periphery of the head. Various alternative constructions for inserting the containers are described. Inordertorotatethecontainers about their individual axes while they are carried round by the head, a flexible tube 11, Fig. 8, is arranged by means of an arm 12 to be moved manually to frictionally engage the exposed surfaces of the containers and rotate them intermittently. Alternatively, the arm 12 carries a ring of elastic material. The arm 12 is biased by a spring 14<SP>11</SP> and may be locked by a device 14<SP>111</SP> when in engagement with the containers. A brake lining 15 fixed to the arm 12 is caused to engage a rim 16 on the centrifuge head when the latter is to be stopped. When treating blood, the blood samples are placed in the containers and a certain quantity of wash liquid is introduced into the device 4. Upon rotation, measured quantities of the wash liquid are forced through the tubes 6, 61 into the containers which are then rotated about their own axes by the flexible tube 11 or the elastic ring to effect re-suspension of the sedimented blood cells and their washing by the wash liquid. Rotation of the containers is then discontinued and the centrifuge is accelerated to effect deposition of the cells. After stopping the centrifuge new wash liquid is added to the device 4 and upon rotation of the centrifuge, will displace the old wash liquid from the containers. The whole apparatus can be placed or built in an incubator or refrigerator and be operated entirely automatically under controlled temperature conditions. In Fig. 10 (not shown) containers (30, 30<SP>1</SP>) are carried by a centrifuge head (32) in which a rotatable gear wheel (34) is mounted on ball bearings (35). The gear wheel meshes with gear rings (33, 33<SP>1</SP>) fixed to the containers (30, 30<SP>1</SP>). Adjustable brakes (37) e.g. of the magnetic type, when applied to the gear wheel (34) causes the speed of the latter to decrease relative to that of the centrifuge head so that the gear wheel drives the rings (33, 33<SP>1</SP>) thereby rotating the containers (30, 30<SP>1</SP>) about their individual axes. Maximum rotation of the containers is obtained when the gear wheel is stopped. Liquid or particle suspension is introduced e.g. by means of tubes (38, 38<SP>1</SP>) connected to an automatic measuring and dividing device attached to the centrifuge head either directly into the containers (30, 30<SP>1</SP>) or into inner containers (31) carried therein. An outflow tube is shown at (39). In Fig. 11 (not shown), the centrifuge rotor (41, 41<SP>1</SP>, 43) is rotated by an air or hydraulic motor (42) and carries a horizontal axle (44) rotatable about its own axis by air or hydraulic motors (42<SP>1</SP>, 42<SP>11</SP>) or by a turbine. Removable containers (e.g. 49, 52 or 53), Fig. 12 (not shown) are screwed to the ends of the axle (44) which is provided with a horizontal bore (48) communicating with cylindrical or, as shown, conical cavities (54, 54<SP>11</SP>) in the containers (49, 53) and, through side passages, with a conical feed channel (47) connected to a container by means of a tube and an end piece (50). In the cavities (54, 54<SP>11</SP>) are cut circular or spiral tracks (55, 55<SP>11</SP>) which open in the outer walls of the containers beside tracks (57<SP>11</SP>), with peripherally oblique or raked walls, cut in the rotor. The tracks (57<SP>11</SP>) terminate in short out-flow channels lying beside a track plate (63) fixed to the centrifuge base (40) and having circular tracks with oblique or raked peripheral walls. Each track in the track plate terminates in an outflow channel connected to a tube (63<SP>11</SP>) which may be connected to a container. A particle spreader (59), Fig. 12 (not shown) may be mounted in the cavities (54, 54<SP>11</SP>). In the containers (52), tracks (55) and blind pockets (57<SP>1</SP>) in which the tracks terminate are formed in the cavity (54') by interlocked segments (58). When using the container (52) the suspension of particles to be fractionated is filled in an inner container (52<SP>1</SP>) through a hole in its periphery, the suspension resting against a covering membrane (52<SP>11</SP>). The containers (52<SP>1</SP>) is then screwed into the container (52), which may be supplied with a particle spreader or be filled with liquid of a known viscosity. The container is screwed to the axle (44). When the rotor (41, 41<SP>1</SP>) is rotated and the centrifugal force becomes high enough the membrane (52<SP>11</SP>) splits and the particle suspension is introduced into the cavity (54) where separation takes place and the particles are collected in the pockets (57<SP>1</SP>) after fractionation as a result of rotation of the container (52) about its own axis. After centrifugation, the container (52) is unscrewed and the segments are disconnected to give access to the separated particles.