Patent GB-938254-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to television systems
Inventor: HAMMANS REGINALD HARRY
IPC: H04N7/01
Filed: 1958-11-25
Abstract: 938,254. Television. GRANADA T.V. NETWORK Ltd. Nov. 24, 1959 [Nov. 25, 1958], No. 37948/58. Class 40 (3). Relates to a television standards converter in which signals at a first scanning standard are recorded temporarily and regenerated by scanning in accordance with a different standard. In such apparatus an undesired amplitude variation is imparted to the converted signals which occurs at a frequency equal to the difference of the frame scanning rates of the two standards. In accordance with the invention, the amplitude variation is removed by generaing a correcting signal of predetermined waveform at the difference frequency which is applied to control the gain of amplifiers in the signal channel. The recording and regeneration may be effected with the aid of a cathode-ray display tube viewed by a storage type pick-up tube, the undesired amplitude variation being produced by the effects of delay characteristic of the display tube screen and the storage characteristic of the pick-up tube target in relation to cyclically varying time interval between the recording and regeneration of corresponding picture points. Reference is also made to the use of a storage tube with a single target and two scanning beams in a single envelope. Once in each cycle at the difference frequency of the frame rate the recording and regeneration of a picture point coincides and produces a larger than normal signal. According to a feature of the invention, the synchronization of the scanning for regeneration is controlled from the synchronizing signals with the original signal through a phase shifting circuit which is adjusted so that the coincidence of scanning occurs during the blanking interval. An application of the invention to the conversion of 405 line, 50 frames/sec, signals to 525 line, 60 frame/sec. signals is illustrated in Fig. 1 where the original signals are applied via a chain of circuits 5-8 including a variable gain amplifier 6 to modulate a cathode-ray display tube 9 and the displayed image is viewed by a storage-type pick-up tube 18 operating at the 525 line, 60 frame/sec. rate. In carrying out the invention the frame synchronizing pulses with the original signals are separated by a stage 11 and applied to a divideby-five stage 12. The resulting wave at 10 c/s., i.e. at the difference between 50 and 60 c/s., is then applied to a correcting waveform generator 13 to produce a wave generally of sawtooth shape but bearing an exponential modulation (see Fig. 14, not shown) which is applied to control the gain of amplifier 6. In addition, the 10 c/s. wave is applied to a multiplier 14 to produce a 60 c/s. sine wave which is employed to synchronize the synchronization generator 16 for the pick-up tube 18. The connection to generator 16 includes a variable phase shifter 15 which is adjusted as described above. The signal from tube 18 is supplied through a chain of circuits 19-21 including a variable gain amplifier 19 to a mixer 22 where synchronizing pulses are added. Amplifier 19 functions to eliminate any residual 10 c/s. component in the signal, a 10 c/s. frequency selection amplifier 23 being connected to receive an input from mixer 22 and supply back a gain control signal. A spot wobble generator 10 operating at 20 mc/s. is employed to eliminate the line structure displayed by tube 9. Variable-gain amplifier 6 may be transferred to or supplemented by a further amplifier in the output of the converter, preferably connected between pick-up tube 18 and amplifier 19. Where two variable-gain amplifiers are employed, reference is made to the use of separate correcting waveforms, one for the display tube characteristic and the other for the pick-up storage characteristic. Detailed circuits for the invention are described with reference to Figs. 2-13 (not shown).