Patent GB-481960-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the polymerization of cashew nut shell liquid
IPC: C09F5/06
Filed: 1936-06-19
Abstract: Cashew nut shell liquid is polymerized by reacting it with 1-6 per cent of its volume of concentrated sulphuric acid, or with one or more of zinc chloride, stannic chloride, aluminium chloride, phosphorous oxychloride, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid in place of or in addition to sulphuric acid, the total proportion by weight of polymerizing agent being the weight of 1-6 per cent by volume of concentrated sulphuric acid.  To obtain uniform polymerization, the polymerizing agent may be dissolved in water or in a liquid miscible with cashew nut shell liquid, such as isopropyl alcohol.  Salts precipitated during the reaction may be separated while the oil is in the fluid state, and the heating continued to obtain a more highly polymerized product.  In examples, cashew nut shell liquid is heated after emulsifying with water and concentrated sulphuric acid to produce a sticky mass; the liquid emulsified with hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, and water, is heated first under reflux and then in open vessels, and centrifuged to remove precipitated salts; the liquid is heated under reflux after addition of isopropyl alcohol and sulphuric acid, the alcohol is distilled off, and the liquid centrifuged or filtered.  The liquid or sticky products may be further heated alone, with sulphur, or with sulphuric acid and water to produce a rubber-like material.  The liquid or sticky products may be used as varnishes, paints, or impregnants for treating metal, wood, paper, cloth, or asbestos, for gasket material or electric insulation.  The solid products may be used as rubber substitutes or may be added to rubber or rubber compositions containing also asphalts, pitches, waxes, resins, gums, or stearates. Specification 259,959, [Class 91], is referred to.ALSO:Cashew nut shell liquid is polymerized by reacting it with 1-6 per cent of its volume of concentrated sulphuric acid, or with one or more of zinc chloride, stannic chloride, aluminium chloride, phosphorous oxychloride, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid in place of or in addition to sulphuric acid, the total proportion by weight of polymerizing agent being the weight of 1-6 per cent by volume of concentrated sulphuric acid.  To obtain uniform polymerization, the polymerizing agent may be dissolved in water or in a liquid miscible with cashew nut shell liquid, such as isopropyl alcohol.  Salts precipitated during the reaction may be separated while the oil is in the fluid state, and the heating continued to obtain a more highly polymerized product. In examples, cashew nut shell liquid is heated after emulsifying with water and concentrated sulphuric acid to produce a sticky mass; the liquid emulsified with hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid and water, is heated first under reflux and then in open vessels, and centrifuged to remove precipitated salts; the liquid is heated under reflux after addition of isopropyl alcohol and sulphuric acid, the alcohol is distilled off, and the liquid centrifuged or filtered. The liquid or sticky products may be further heated alone, with sulphur, or with sulphuric acid and water to produce a rubber-like material.  The liquid or sticky products may be used as varnishes, paints, or impregnants for treating metal, wood, paper, cloth, or asbestos, for gasket material or electric insulation.  The solid products may be used as rubber substitutes or may be added to rubber or rubber compositions containing also asphalts, pitches, waxes, resins, gums, or stearates.  Specification 259,959, [Class 2 (iii)], is referred to.ALSO:Cashew nut shell liquid is polymerized by reacting it with 1-6 per cent of its volume of concentrated sulphuric acid, or with one or more of zinc chloride, stannic chloride, aluminium chloride, phosphorous oxychloride, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid in place of or in addition to sulphuric acid, the total proportion by weight of polymerizing agent being the weight of 1-6 per cent by volume of concentrated sulphuric acid.  To obtain uniform polymerization, the polymerizing agent may be dissolved in water or in a liquid miscible with cashew nut shell liquid, such as isopropyl alcohol.  Salts precipitated during the reaction may be separated while the oil is in the fluid state, and the heating continued to obtain a more highly polymerized product.  In examples, cashew nut shell liquid is heated after emulsifying with water and concentrated sulphuric acid to produce a sticky mass; the liquid emulsified with hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, and water, is heated first under reflux and then in open vessels, and centrifuged to remove precipitated salts; the liquid is heated under reflux after addition of isopropyl alcohol and sulphuric acid, the alcohol is distilled off and the liquid centrifuged or filtered.  The liquid or sticky products may be further heated alone, with sulphur, or with sulphuric acid and water to produce a rubber-like material.  The liquid or sticky products may be used as varnishes, paints, or impregnants for treating metal, wood, paper, cloth, or asbestos, for gasket material or electric insulation.  The solid products may be used as rubber substitutes or may be added to rubber or rubber compositions containing also asphalts, pitches, waxes, resins, gums, or stearates.  Specification 259,959, [Class 91], is referred to.