Patent GB-858945-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in polymerization of ethylene and catalyst therefor
IPC: C08F10/00
Filed: 1957-07-31
Abstract: Ethylene is polymerized to solid polymers in the presence of a catalyst comprising chromium oxide containing hexavalent chromium and an oxide of nickel associated with silica, alumina, or a composite thereof (see Group III) both nickel and chromium oxides being supported directly on the carrier and when simultaneously deposited the mol ratio of nickel to chromium being 1,5-15:1 and when deposited separately on different portions of carrier, the mol ratio being 0,05-8:1.  Polymerization may be performed in the gaseous phase but preferably in the liquid phase at 150-325 DEG F. with an ethylene to catalyst ratio of 0,1 to 20 volumes per volume in the presence of an inert diluent such as C3-C12 paraffin or naphthene, the pressure being sufficient to maintain the liquid phase, e.g. 100-700 p.s.i.g. The amount of diluent may be such that the ethylene constitutes 0,1 to 25% by volume of the mixture.  Fixed or moving bed catalysts can be used, preferably the catalyst is fed to the reaction zone as a slurry in the diluent and may be maintained in suspension by stirring; using such a process the liquid feed rate is preferably 2 to 6 volumes per volume of reaction space per hour and the catalyst rate 0,1 to 0,5 volumes per volume per hour. The catalyst preferably contains 0,5 to 10% active catalyst expressed as the metals, and the amount of hexavalent chromium being at least 0,1 weight per cent of the total catalyst. Specification 804,641 is referred to.ALSO:A catalyst for polymerizing ethylene (see Group IV(a)) comprises chromium oxide containing hexavalent chromium and an oxide of nickel associated with silica, alumina or a composite thereof, both chromium and nickel oxides being supported directly on the carrier and, when simultaneously deposited, the mol ratio of nickel to chromium being 1.5-15:1 and, when deposited separately on different portions of carrier, the mol ratio being 0.05-8:1.  The catalyst, which preferably contains 0.5-10% of chromium and nickel oxides, expressed as the metal, and at least 0.1% of hexavalent chromium, can be prepared by impregnating the support with a soluble salt of nickel and a soluble chromium salt, drying and activating in dry air at up to 1500 DEG F., or by separately impregnating two portions of support with the nickel salt and the chromium salt, drying, activating and mixing the two portions.  Suitable nickel salts for impregnation are the nitrate, chloride and sulphate; suitable chromium salts are chromic nitrate, acetate, chloride and sulphate, and ammonium chromate and dichromate.  The catalyst support is preferably pre-treated with a fluoride, in aqueous or non-aqueous solution, followed by heating at 300-1100 DEG F. for 0.5 to 10 hours to remove residual fluorine; the support may also be steam treated by contacting the catalyst at 1100-1300 DEG F. for 4-15 hours with a mixture of air and steam containing 90-97% by volume of air.  The catalysts can be regenerated by first washing in pentane or isooctane at 300-400 DEG F. under sufficient pressure to keep the solvent liquid followed by burning in air at 900-1100 DEG F. Specification 804,641 is referred to.