baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-597886-A (GB)
Title: The treatment of naphthas to recover isoparaffins and the production of motor fuels therefrom
IPC: C10G21/00
Filed: 1944-11-23
Abstract: The fraction of a naphtha, obtained by a catalytic cracking process, which boils between 105 DEG  and 250 DEG F. is subjected to a selective solvent extraction to form a raffinate comprising essentially isoparaffins.  The extract phase may be subjected to a second solvent extraction to form a raffinate phase comprising mainly unsaturated hydrocarbons and an extract phase comprising mainly aromatic hydrocarbons.  The unsaturated hydrocarbon raffinate may be hydrogenated, for example in the presence of such catalysts as nickel, platinum, palladium, or oxides or sulphides of molybdenum, chromium or tungsten, and then recombined with the aromatic extract and the isoparaffin raffinate to produce an aviation fuel.  The naphtha fraction may be isolated from the products obtained when a naphthenic or paraffinic type gas oil is catalytically cracked while suitable solvents for the two selective solvent extractions are phenol, furfural, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycols and mixtures thereof.  In an example, a naphthenic gas oil is cracked in the presence of a fluidised silicaalumina gel catalyst and the fraction of the products of cracking boiling between 105 DEG  and 210 DEG F. is extracted with a mixture of ethyleneglycol and polyethylene glycols having an average molecular weight of 600. The hydrocarbons of the raffinate phase are mainly isoparaffinic as is shown by the high octane number of their mixture with tetraethyl lead.  The hydrocarbons of the raffinate phase are further purified by treatment with sulphuric acid to remove olefins.  Apparatus is described for carrying out the process of the example and for conducting the second solvent extraction, hydrogenation of the second raffinate and blending of first raffinate, hydrogenated second raffinate and second extract.  It is stated however that the hydrogenated second raffinate may be employed as an aviation fuel as it is or may be blended with the isoparaffinic first raffinate or with other well known blending agents such as isopentane and tetraethyl lead.
Patent GB-224047-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electric switches
IPC: H01H9/40
Filed: 1923-09-20
Abstract: 224,047. Denny, C. W. Sept. 20, 1923. Arc-rupturing devices; oil switches; electromagnetic switches; automatic circuit-breakers.- The contacts of electric switches are arranged so that a number of breaks in series are produced when the movable current-carrying member bearing the movable contacts is operated to break the circuit. In the oil switch shown in Figs. 2 - - 5 are stationary terminals E, E<1> and a movable bridging member C. On the terminals E, E<1> are mounted pairs of contact fingers B<1>, A' electrically connected thereto and pair of contact fingers B<2>, B<3> and A<2>, A<3> connected to sleeves F, F<1> mounted on but insulated from the terminals E, E<1>. On the movable bar C are contact portions at each end (Fig. 5) co-operating with the fixed contact fingers B<3>, A<3> and contact sleeves C<1>, C<2> mounted on but insulated from the bar C and adapted to co-operate with the other pairs of fixed contact fingers. Thus when the bridging bar is operated to open the switch three series breaks occur at each end of the bar. In. sulating barriers G are secured to the sleeves C<1> C<2> to prevent interaction between adjacent arcs. A similar arrangement of contacts in an air. break switch is also described. In the knife switch shown in Fig. 9 fixed contact fingers A<1> are connected to one terminal E<1> and contact fingers A<2>, A<3> are connected together but insulated from this terminal. The knife blade C connected to the other terminal E carries an insulated sleeve C<2> adapted to co-operate with fixed contacts A', A<2> so that three simultaneous series breaks occur when the switch is opened. A similar contact arrangement is also described in an electromagnetically operated contactor switch and an automatic circuit-breaker.
Patent GB-1535789-A (GB)
Title: Plug-in fluid filter
IPC: B01D46/24
Filed: 1976-05-27
Abstract: 1535789 Plug-in filters D A G MARSHALL 27 May 1976 [30 May 1975] 23589/75 Heading BIT A radial-flow filter for plugging into a hole in wall (or duct) 20 comprises end plate 12 provided with integral sealing ring 24 which engages the wall (or duct) when the spigot 18 on plate 12 is plugged into the hole the spigot having a radially protruding external lip for retaining the spigot in the hole. The filter comprises a pleated (e.g. paper) annulus surrounding a foraminous metal support 16, the ends of the annulus and support being embedded in the end plates 10, 12. The plate 12 may be made of polyvinyl chloride or polyurethane; the sealing ring 24, of foamed plastics. The ring 24 may comprise a core (26, Fig. 2, not shown) of foamed rubber or plastics. The plate 12, ring 24 and spigot 18 may be moulded. The spigot 18 may be reinforced by core 23.
Patent GB-244687-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in pushing apparatus for use with wheel barrows, hand carts and like vehicles
IPC: B62B5/06
Filed: 1925-09-22
Abstract: 244,687. Dawe, J. Sept. 22, 1925. Straps and bands. - Draught appliances for wheel-barrows, hand-carts, and like vehicles comprise a push strap W connected to the handles of the barrow by straps T and sockets t and supported from the shoulders of the wearer by a band or strap S.
Patent GB-1403645-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for determining the diameter of small particles
IPC: G02B5/32
Filed: 1973-05-17
Abstract: 1403645 Measuring particle diameter TURLABOR A G 17 May 1973 [19 May 1972] 23641/73 Heading G1M [Also in Division G2] In an apparatus for determining the diameter of small particles (e.g. 1-10Ám), coherent light is scattered by the particles and falls on a series of holographic filters 8-11, each filter being adapted to convert scatter waves produced by particles of a respective predetermined diameter into spherical waves and each filter being provided with a lens 22 and a light meter 24, whereby any particular light meter 24 shows a reading which is greater the nearer the particle diameter is to the predetermined diameter at which the associated filter produces spherical waves. In Fig. 1, laser light is focused by a Fresnel diffraction lens 2. Adjacent each of at least two foci Fl, F3 there is arranged a plate 6, 7 carrying a pair of the holographic filters 8-11 to filter the scatter waves produced by the particles passing in suspension down capillary tubes 4, 5 at the foci. The plates 6, 7 and the plate 1 carrying the lens 2 are aligned so as to be parallel by means of subsidiary diffraction lenses 25 and aperture diaphragms 26, 27. The plates 1, 6, 7 and capillary tubes 4, 5 may be arranged in a bath of liquid having a refractive index equal to that of the material of the capillary tubes.
Patent GB-908201-A (GB)
Title: Steel helmets and articles required to have strength and toughness at sub-zero temperatures
IPC: F41H1/06
Filed: 1960-07-06
Abstract: A steel having a strength of at least 190 kgm./sq. mm. at temperatures down to -40 DEG  C. contains in percentage by weight .C.0.3-0.5 .Mn.0.5-1.0 .Si.1.2-2.0 .Cr.0.2-2.0 .Mo.0.3-0.8 .Ni.0.5-1.5 .V.0.05-0.3 .Fe and impurities.balance  Use of the steel for steel helmets is referred to
Patent GB-533590-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to containers and closure members therefor
IPC: B65D55/16
Filed: 1939-08-17
Abstract: 533,590. Closures for containers. FORTUNE, S. Aug. 17, 1939, No. 23722. [Class 125 (iii)] A container 10 is closed by a flanged lid 13, of sheet metal or other material, swinging on the hinge 16, 17 and when the lid is in the closed position it is secured and tightened by a partial rotation. The mouth of the container has a number of external inclined projections 12, and the flange 13' of the lid has internal projections 14 which pass between the projections 12 during the closing movement and these latter serve as cams during the ensuing rotation of the lid. The hinge pin 17 which passes through the socket 16 on the contadner, may be part of a circumferential bead on the lid flange, or may be a pin inserted in the bead. A slot 15 in the flange 13' allows the rotation to be effected.
Patent GB-1500474-A (GB)
Title: Process for preparing purified methacrylates
IPC: C07C69/54
Filed: 1976-06-08
Abstract: 1500474 Purified methacrylates NIPPON ZEON CO Ltd 8 June 1976 [10 June 1975] 23725/76 Heading C2C Purified methacrylic acid esters are obtained from a crude containing isobutyric acid ester impurity by (1) a first distillation with water to yield a purified methacrylate bottoms product and an isobutyric ester and water as top distillate, (2) a separation of the top distillate the aqueous and organic phase and (3) distillation of the organic phase with water to yield a second purified methacrylate as a bottoms product and the isobutyric acid ester and water as the top product, and (4) combining the bottoms of the first and second distillations to obtain the purified methacrylic ester. The water in the distillation stages is added in an amount so that the whole of the isobutyric acid ester is distilled off. The esters treated are those with an alkyl group of 1-4C and a suitable apparatus is described with examples describing the purification of methyl and ethyl methacrylates.
Patent GB-477928-A (GB)
Title: A process for the production of photographic pictures in natural colours in accordance with the three colour principle
IPC: G03C7/46
Filed: 1936-08-31
Abstract: 477,928. Colour photography. BEAUVAIS, M. Aug. 31, 1936, No. 23805. Convention date, Sept. 7, 1935. [Class 98 (ii)] A colour component negative is copied on to material with a single sensitized coating, the image is coloured by mordanting with a basic dye to a colour complementary to that recorded in the colour component negative, the coating is re-sensitized by bichromating, exposed through a positive from the second colour component negative, and dyed to a colour complementary to that recorded in the second component negative, and finally the coating is again resensitized by bichromating, exposed through a positive from the third colour component negative and dyed to a colour complementary to that recorded in the third component negative. A positive image from the red filter negative is mordanted, preferably using thiocyanates and is dyed blue with Capri Blue G.O.N., Rhoduline 6G, or Thionine in 1 per cent solution. After washing, the strip is dried, re-sensitized with a 2À5 to 3 per cent potassium or ammonium dichromate solution, dried, and exposed behind a diapositive from the green filter negative. After washing the image is dyed red with Pinatype Red F and washed. The strip is washed, resensitized with a 4À5 to 5À5 per cent dichromate solution, dried, and exposed behind a diapositive-from the blue-violet filter negative. After washing the image is dyed yellow with Pinatype Yellow F, and washed and dried.
Patent GB-749054-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to piggeries
IPC: A01K5/02
Filed: 1952-09-23
Abstract: 749,054. Animal-feeding devices. HAWES, S. M. Dec. 22, 1953 [Sept. 23, 1952], No. 23810/52. Class 5 (2). [Also in Group X] A piggery is constructed with a common dividing-wall 12 between two rows of sties, the wall supporting a platform 18 in the form of a shallow trough in which are formed openings 23 communicating with pipes 22 set in the wall 12 and leading to troughs 21 in the sties. The troughs 21 are preferably formed in a doublechannel member 20, the central web 19 of which supports the wall 12 and pipes 22.
Patent GB-403913-A (GB)
Title: Grinding device for raw paper-making materials
IPC: B02C13/00
Filed: 1933-08-28
Abstract: 403,913. Paper pulp grinding-machines. SCHNEEBELI, E., 64, Giessh³belstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland. Aug. 28, 1933, No. 23817. Convention date, Aug. 27, 1932. [Class 96.] A grinding device for raw paper - making materials is characterised in that the stuff is forced from a hemi - spherical trough through a central freely suspended conveyer device with increasing dispersion into a large grinding zone being freely thrown out therefrom and recirculated while being open to observation. A motor 3, through reduction gearing, drives a shaft 4 and thereby a spider 6 carrying grinding elements 5 which coact with elements 11 supported by arms 10. A conveyer screw 8 rotating with a cylinder 7, actuated by the shaft 4, feeds stuff upwardly from a hemi-spherical trough 1 within the stationary tube 9, to a dispersion zone 6a. The stuff is then moved outwardly between a concentric series of triangular-sectioned teeth on the elements 5, 11 and is recirculated. The grinding teeth are above the level of the stuff so that the grinding operation may be readily superintended. The teeth, which are staggered, may be carried by equal sized sectors, removably supported on base plates and may be of serrated metal or basalt lava. The device is stated to keep the stuff cool and to avoid mincing of the fibres which are stated to lose little of their original length.
Patent GB-532171-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to temperature controlling devices, particularly suitable for controlling the temperature of electric heating apparatus such as boiling plates
IPC: H05B1/02
Filed: 1939-08-18
Abstract: 532,171. Mercury switches; control systems for heating resistances. BRITISH THOMSONHOUSTON CO., Ltd., and SIMS, W. J. Aug. 18, 1939, No. 23879. [Class 38 (v)] [Also in Group XXXV] A boiling plate or the like 5 can be continuously energized to bring a vessel thereon quickly to the boil, by rotating the container 1 anti-clockwise from the Fig. 2 position, so causing one or more of the parallel-connected electrodes 3 to dip into the mercury 2. The container is then further rotated to remove the electrodes 3 from the mercury, but the electrode 7 dipping into the mercury makes a circuit to a heating coil 8 which boils the mercury to a degree depending on the amount of resistance 10 in the circuit. The resulting ebullition causes momentary contacts to be made with the electrodes 3, and a number of impulses to be sent through the apparatus 5 for simmering purposes. The electrode-tips may all lie on a plane parallel to the mercury level in the "simmering " position. The coil 8 may be mounted in a recess in the container wall or its container may be incorporated in the side of the container 1 itself, and its turns may be in air or in good heat-conducting, electrically-insulating material, or it may comprise a wire wound in a nitrogen-containing vessel. Resistance 10 may be in the form of a mercury-container mounted so as to be rotatable with container 1, the resistance being tapconnected to contacts engaged in succession by the mercury. The container may itself be gasfilled.
Patent GB-645046-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for automatically delivering bulk materials in units of equal volume
IPC: G01F11/46
Filed: 1948-09-13
Abstract: 645,046. Hoppers. JENNINGS, H. W. K. (Bager, I.). Sept. 13, 1948, No. 24019. [Class 78 (i)] [Also in Group XVIII] A measuring tank 1 positioned below a feed hopper 24 has segment-like inlet valve plates 3, 4 at its upper end and similar outlet valve plates 5, 6 at its lower end so operated by a rotary cam 12, driven from a motor 23, through levers 7, gears 9, levers 10 and cam-engaging rollers 11, that the inlet is closed while the outlet is open and vice-versa. The number of revolutions made by the cam 12 once the motor has started, and thus the number of changes of material, e.g. coke, delivered, is predetermined and controlled by the setting of an arm driven from the cam 12 relative to fixed switch means in the motor circuit. Hooks 28 on the upper valve plates 3, 4 engage spring- pressed side-flaps 25 at the base of the hopper 24 as' the valve plates move to their open position so that any bridge of material formed in the outlet of the hopper may break down.
Patent GB-757160-A (GB)
Title: Methyl-ethinyl-estradiol
IPC: C07J1/00
Filed: 1954-08-18
Abstract: The invention comprises 1 - methyl - 17a -ethinyl-estradiol This compound is obtained by reacting 1-methyl-estrone with a metal compound of acetylene and hydrolysing the product.  The hydrolysis can be effected by aqueous strong acid.  The metal compound may be a Grignard compound formed, for example, by reacting acetylene with phenylmagresium bromide in an organic solvent, or an alkali metal acetylide formed by reacting acetylene with a solution of the alkali metal in liquid ammonia or in a tertiary alcohol such as tertiary butyl or amyl alcohol, the use of such metal compounds being illustrated by examples.
Patent GB-785973-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of uranium tetrachloride
IPC: C01G43/08
Filed: 1944-12-01
Abstract: <PICT:0785973/III/1> In the manufacture of uranium tetrachloride by reacting carbon tetrachloride and uranium oxide at elevated temperature, carbon tetrachloride vapour generated from liquid carbon tetrachloride in a first chamber is caused to flow under gravity into a second chamber containing the uranium oxide maintained at an elevated temperature, and the chambers are so interconnected that the gaseous reaction products pass from the second chamber upwardly into and through the first.  As shown in the drawing a reaction vessel 3 is made up of two chambers A and B which are connected to a water cooled condenser L which has a central concentric pipe C passing therethrough and into the centre of the chamber A.  The upper end of the inner tube of the condenser L is provided with a vent 4 and, in another limb a drip feed for carbon tetrachloride from a vessel 2. In operation carbon tetrachloride liquid is placed in vessel B which is heated by a sand bath and the uranium oxide reactant is placed in a similarly heated vessel A.  A stream of inert gas such as nitrogen is flowed into the reaction chamber A through pipe C.  Carbon tetrachloride vapour from the heated pool of liquid in the vaporizing chamber B gravitates through the neck of the reaction vessel into the reaction zone A where it reacts with the uranium oxide to yield uranium tetrachloride phosgene and chlorine, the latter gases passing upwardly through the reaction vessel neck assisted by a gentle stream of inert gas flowing through pipe 3, to the condenser L.  Uncondensed gases pass out at 4 whilst unreacted carbon tetrachloride and phosgene condense in the condenser and flow back to the vessel B; the level in the latter is maintained constant by drip feed from vessel 2. The uranium tetrachloride formed remains in the reaction vessel A. The reaction is preferably effected at atmospheric pressure and a temperature range of 425-475 DEG  C. is suitable when uranium dioxide is employed as starting material.
Patent GB-481114-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to electrical condensers
IPC: H01G9/00
Filed: 1936-09-04
Abstract: At least one of the aluminium electrodes of an electrolytic condenser carries an electrolyte-permeable spacer formed by treatment of the aluminium in strip form by passing through an aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide and a calcium salt, a current blocking film being electrolytically formed on one of the electrodes.  Specification 388,395, [Group XXXVI], is referred to.
Patent GB-507052-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the electrical treatment of water for the purpose of preventing the formation of scale
IPC: C02F1/461
Filed: 1937-09-04
Abstract: 507,052. Electrical treatment of water. BEATTY, W. A. Sept. 4, 1937, No. 24234. [Classes 37 and 41] [Also in Group XXXVIII] In an electrical method of treating water flowing through a pipe for the prevention of scale formation as described in Specification 450,594, the current density is automatically maintained at an optimum value dependent on the rate of flow, within the limits prescribed in the prior specification. In the apparatus shown regulation is effected. by an electric condenser, the moving plate 16 of which is actuated by an insulating rod 15 which passes through the fixed plate 18 and is secured to a flexible corrugated disc 13 which seals a chamber 10 connected to the pipe 14 and is responsive to variations in the rate of flow. The plate 16 is flexibly mounted at its edge. The plates may be corrugated to match and may be separated by mica. They may be shaped to give any desired law of variation. A variable resistance or inductance may be employed instead of a condenser.
Patent GB-1329914-A (GB)
Title: Beverage brewing apparatus
IPC: A47J31/00
Filed: 1971-04-19
Abstract: 1329914 Beverage Maker PENNSTAR CO 19 April 1971 [4 Dec 1970] 24292/71 Heading A4E. A beverage e.g. coffee maker comprises an open ended cylinder 14 provided with a piston 16, the cylinder engages a brewing chamber 15 held in a carriage 12. The cylinder is urged into sealing engagement with chamber 15 by springs 42, 44. A motor 64 drives a cam shaft 62. In use, cam 72 turns pulley 82 so tightening cord 78 so that carriage 12 is moved beneath cylinder 14. Coffee and water are introduced into the cylinder when signalled by cam 76. Piston 16 is then lowered by cam 68 to force water then air through the coffee into the dispensing pipe 18. The cylinder and piston are then raised slightly by cams 68 and 70 and then the piston is allowed to rise up out of the cylinder under the influence of compression springs 42, 44. The carriage may then be withdrawn and the spent grounds discarded. Cam 74 operates a switch 77 that ends each cycle.
Patent GB-428748-A (GB)
Title: Combined internal combustion steam turbines
IPC: F01K25/00
Filed: 1934-08-24
Abstract: 428,748. Gas turbines. MOORE, W. W., The Brown House, Devonshire Gardens, Cliftonville, Margate. Aug. 24, 1934, No. 24429. [Class 110 (iii)] A gas turbine is arranged to use as fuel a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen or hydrogen and air with or without oxygen. Admission to and discharge from the explosion chambers 9 is controlled by a rotary valve 13 which may be mounted on the main shaft 16 or may be driven therefrom through epicyclic gearing. During normal operation the products of combustion pass through nozzles 10 to axial flow blading 11. For reversing, the gases may be admitted to a radial flow section 23 by a hand-controlled valve, but the radial flow section may be used for ordinary working when the machine is not required to be reversible. Steam generated in cooling jackets may be injected into the combustion chamber. The rotary valve 13 may be replaced by a piston valve.
Patent GB-191779-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in brakes for road vehicles
IPC: B60T13/06
Filed: 1921-09-14
Abstract: 191,779. Rowledge, A. J., and Rolls- Royce, Ltd. Sept. 14, 1921. Actuated by running axle.-Brake mechanism for road vehicles comprises a number of drums adapted to be frictionally coupled simultaneously with equal torque to a shaft rotatably connected to the driving wheels and each having a flexible connection to the brakes of one of the vehicle wheels. Four drums f each adapted to wind a cable l connected to the brakes of one of the road wheels are freely mounted by ball bearings h upon a sleeve g. extending from the universal coupling member d by which the main shaft c is connected to the propeller shaft. The sleeve g is serrated for the slidable engagement therewith of discs g<1>. Friction discs k are interposed between the drums f, discs g<1> and a plate e secured to the shaft c. When by means of a pressure ring i, these parts are pressed together the drums are rotated and the brakes are applied with equal force. The parts are enclosed in an extension, a<1> from the gear box a, provided with apertures adjacent to which are mounted guide rollers b for the cables e.
Patent GB-196860-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in shackles
IPC: F16G15/06
Filed: 1922-09-11
Abstract: 196,860. Laird, W. B. Sept. 11, 1922. Shackles.- In shackles comprising limbs 1 penetrated by a bolt 2 the limbs and the bend are formed from rolled half-round metal, the arrangement being such that a semicylindrical surface 3 of large area is presented for contact with the rope to be shackled, whereby the usual thimble is dispensed with. Ribs 4 may be formed on the edges of the metal.