Patent GB-443795-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture and production of shaped washing and cleansing agents
IPC: B61L3/12
Filed: 1934-10-09
Abstract: Cleansing-agents which may be used in hard or sea water are obtained by forming into bars, strips, or other pieces mixtures of (A) one or more water-soluble salts of such amines or basic ring compounds as pyridine or piperidine, or of such quaternary ammonium bases--or the ammonium bases themselves--as contain one or more alkyl radicles having 6 or more carbon atoms, with (B) one or more of the following substances: (1) water-soluble high molecular polymerization or condensation products of low molecular oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. polymerized ethylene oxide or condensation products of ethylene oxide with alcohols, carboxylic acids, or amines; (2) superfatting agents, e.g. fats, oils, fatty acids, wax alcohols, and montan, carnauba, paraffin, or other wax; (3) organic solvents of fats, e.g. benzene, carbon tetrachloride, tetrahydro-naphthalene, benzyl alcohol; (4) softening agents, e.g. tricresyl phosphate, glycerine, ethylene glycol mono-cresyl or mono-xylenyl ether; (5) inorganic fillers or water-soluble salts, e.g. common salt, Glauber's salt, sodium acetate, acid sodium succinate, talc, clay, bentonite, water-glass, zinc oxide; (6) carbohydrates or their derivatives capable of being dissolved, swollen, or dispersed in water, e.g. starch, dextrin, cane sugar, milk sugar, urea.  The radicles of the amines or ammonium bases are preferably attached to the nitrogen atom, but may form parts of other groups; thus the nitrogen atom may be connected directly or indirectly with aliphatic, cyclo-aliphatic, aliphatic-aromatic, aromatic, or heterocyclic radicles, having or not having substituents, e.g. halogens, hydroxyl, or ether, ester, carboxylic, sulphonic, or nitro-groups.  Suitable amine compounds are hydrochlorides, acetates, lactates, malates, and succinates of octyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, oleyl, N-methyl-dodecyl, N-dimethyl-dodecyl, and N-hydroxyethyl-decyl amines, N-dodecyl-amino acetic acid, N-dodecyl piperidine, N-dimethyl-N-benzylcetyl-ammonium hydroxide, and N-diethyl-N-benzyloleyl-ammonium hydroxide.  Suitable mixtures of amines--and of ammonium bases by further conversion--are obtained by hydrogenation of the nitriles or acid amides of the fatty acids of vegetable or animal oils or fats, e.g. coconut or palm-kernel oil. The shaping of the detergent products may be effected by pressing in moulds, preferably with softening or partial fusion, by extrusion presses, or by allowing the fused products to set in moulds.  In examples: (1) 20 lb. of dodecylamine hydrochloride is mixed with 10 lb. of montanic acid glycol ester and 70 lb. of milk sugar, and passed through an extrusion press.  (2) 20 lb. of dodecylamine hydrochloride, 25 lb. of potato starch, 40 lb. of urea, 10 lb. of paraffin wax, and 5 lb. of ethylene glycol monocresyl ether are mixed on rollers, and then pressed in steel moulds at 130 DEG  C., for 15 min.  (3) 20 lb. of dodecylamine lactate and 80 lb. of polymerized ethylene oxide are melted together at 100 DEG  C. and poured into moulds.  (4) The nitriles or the acid amides of palm oil fatty acids are hydrogenated, and the fraction, mainly primary amines, distilling over at 67--210 DEG  C., at 23 m.m. mixed with a solution of hydrochloric acid in methanol; 34 lb. of the yellow precipitate is fused with 33 lb. of N-dimethyl-N-benzyl-dodecyl-ammonium bromide and 33 lb of polymerized ethylene oxide, and poured into moulds.