Patent EA-004760-B1 (EA)
Title: Cold air refrigerating system and turboexpander turbine for this system
Inventor: PANIN ALEXANDER ANDREEVICH
IPC: F25B9/06
Filed: 2000-12-27
Abstract: 1. Air cooling device comprises a compressor (1), a heat exchanger (2), a turbo expander (6) with a turbine wheel (66), a freezing chamber (3) with a fan (5) and an air cooler (4) mounted inside characterized in that it is equipped with the fan (7) mounted on the same shaft together with turbo expander (6), double cavity vaporization heat exchanger (3) and moist separator (8), the heat exchanger (2) being constructed as the double cavity one and the first cavity of the vaporization heat exchanger (3), the first cavity of the heat exchanger (2), a moist separator (8), the turbo expander (6), the air cooler (4) and the second heat exchanger cavity (2) are connected with the compressor (1) input in sequence. 2. The air-cooling device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with water tank (10) connected with the second cavity of the vaporization heat exchanger (9). 3. The air-cooling device according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that the input and the output of the vaporization heat exchanger (9) second cavity being connected with the atmosphere by means of the fan (7). 4. The air-cooling device according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that it is supplied with the ejector (12), regulating valve (13) and moist separator (14), the passive ejector (12) nozzle being connected with the atmosphere by means of the second cavity of the vaporization heat exchanger (9), the regulating valve (13), active ejector nozzle (12) are connected with the compressor output (I), while ejector diffuser (12) by means of the moist separator (14) is connected with the fan (7) input. 5. The air cooling device according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that it is equipped with the fan (15) both input and output of the second cavity of the vaporization heat exchanger (9) being connected with the atmosphere by means of the fan (15), the input of the fan (7) being connected with the compressor output (1) while the fan (7) output is connected with the first cavity of the vaporization heat exchanger (9). 6. The air cooling device according to claim 5, characterized in that it is equipped with double cavity heat exchangers (16) and (17), fans (18) and (19), regulated valve (20), the first cavity of the heat exchanger (16) being connected with the second cavity of the heat exchanger (2) and with the input of the compressor (1) while the second one - by means of the fan (18) with the atmosphere, the first cavity of the heat exchanger (9) is connected with the first cavity of the vaporization heat exchanger (9) and the fan output (7), while the second one is connected by means of the fan (19) with the atmosphere and the regulated valve (20) is mounted between the input and the output of the compressor (1). 7. The air-cooling device according to claim 6, characterized in that it is supplied with the double cavity heat exchanger (21), fan (22) and moist separator (23), the first cavity of the heat exchanger (21) being connected with the compressor output (1) and by means of moist separator (23) with the fan input (7), and the second cavity being connected with the atmosphere by means of the fan (22). 8. The air-cooling device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is supplied with adsorbing moist separator (24), receiver (25), regulated valves (26) and (27) and reverse valves (28) and (29), the reverse valve (28) and adsorbing moist separator (24) being mounted in sequence between the first cavity of the vaporization heat exchanger (9) and the first cavity of the heat exchanger (2), the compressor (1) output by means of the receiver (25) and regulated valve (27) is connected between the reverse valve (28) and adsorbing moist separator (24), the compressor (1) input is additionally connected with the atmosphere by means of the regulated valve (26), the receiver (25) is connected with the atmosphere by means of the reverse valve (29). 9. The air-cooling device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the compressor output (1) is connected with the first cavity of the vaporization heat exchanger. 10. The air cooling device according to claim 9, characterized in that it is equipped with the double cavity heat exchanger (30) and the fan (31), in said heat exchanger (30) the first cavity is connected with compressor (1) output and the first cavity of the vaporization heat exchanger (9), and the second cavity by means of the fan (31) with the atmosphere. 11. The air cooling device according to claim 10, characterized in that it is equipped with the receiver (32), adsorbing moist separator (33), reverse valves (34) and (35), regulated valves (36), (37), (38), the regulated valve (37) being mounted between the second cavity of the heat exchanger (2) and the compressor (1) input, the second cavity of the heat exchanger being additionally connected with the compressor (1) input by means of the reverse valve (35) and adsorbing moist separator (33), the compressor (1) output being additionally connected between the adsorbing moist separator (33) and the reverse valve (35) by means of the reverse valve (34), the receiver (32) and the regulated valve (36) and the compressor (1) input is additionally connected with the atmosphere by means of the regulated valve (38). 12. The air cooling device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is supplied with the fans (39) and (40) and the double cavity heat exchanger (41), the second cavity of the vaporization heat exchanger (9) being connected with the atmosphere by means of the fan (39), the first heat exchanger (41) cavity is connected with the input and the output of the fan (7) and its second cavity is connected with the atmosphere by means of the fan (40). 13. The air cooling device according to any one of claims 1-12, characterized in that it is equipped with the moist separator (42) and the cold accumulator (43) mounted in sequence between the turbo expander (6) and air cooler. 14. The air cooling device comprises a compressor (44) and turbo expander (49) with turbine wheel (66), all mounted on the same shaft, freezing chamber (46) containing fan (48) and air cooler (47) characterized in that it is supplied with the double cavity vaporization heat exchanger (51) and moist separator (50). Said heat exchanger (45) being constructed as the double cavity one and the first cavity of the vaporization heat exchanger (51), the first cavity of the heat exchanger (45), moist separator (50), turbo expander (49), air cooler (47) and the second cavity of the heat exchanger (45) being connected with the compressor (4) input in sequence. 15. The air-cooling device according to claim 14, characterized in that it is equipped with the fan (52), the second cavity of the vaporization heat exchanger (51) being connected with the atmosphere by mans of the fan (52). 16. The air cooling device according to any one of claims 14-15, characterized in that it is supplied with double cavity heat exchanger (53) and the fan (54), in the heat exchanger (53) the first cavity being connected with the compressor output (44) and the first cavity of the vaporization heat exchanger (51), and the second cavity by means of the fan (54) is connected with the atmosphere. 17. The air-cooling device according to any one of claims 14-16, characterized in that it is equipped with water tank (55) connected along the second cavity of the vaporization heat exchanger (51). 18. The air-cooling device according to any one of claims 14-17, characterized in that it is supplied with moist separator (42) and freeze accumulator (43) mounted in sequence between the turbo expander (49) and air cooler (47). 19. The air-cooling device according to any one of claims 14-18, characterized in that it is equipped with the regulated valve (56), the compressor input (44) being additionally connected with the atmosphere by means of the regulated valve (56). 20. The air cooling device according to any one of claims 14-19, characterized in that it is equipped with the electric engine (57) mounted on the same shaft with turbo expander (49) and compressor (44) with the formation of turboexpander and electric compressor. 21. The air cooling device according to claim 20, characterized in that the turbo expander and electric compressor comprises a body (58) with the mounted inside turbo expander (39), electric engine (57) and the compressor (44), electric engine rotor (57) being constructed as mounted in the bearings (62) shaft (59) with cantilever mounted turbine and compressor wheels (60) and (61) while the cavity (63) between the bearing (62) of the compressor wheel (61) and the electric engine (57) is connected by the canal (64) of restart with the output into the compressor (44). 22. The air-cooling device according to claim 21, characterized in that in the canal (64) of restart a regulated throttle (65) is mounted. 23. The air-cooling device according to any one of claims 1-22, characterized in that the turbine wheel of the turbo expander comprising the bearing disk (67) with the blades (68) and inter blade canals (69) made by the side surfaces of the nearest blades (68) conjugates by means of the flutes (70) with the meridional disk surface (67) containing longitudinal micro canals (71) with cross cuts as a past of the circle, wherein the radius Rk of the micro canal (71) cross cut is 0.1 - 1.0 of the radius R1 of the flute, the pitch (t) between the micro canals (71) is not more than the double radius (Rk) of the micro canal (71) and the height (h) of the micro canal (71) is 0.2 - 1.0 of the radius (Rk) of the micro canal (71) cross cut.