Patent RU-2762845-C1 (RU)
Title: Apparatus for digging onions
Inventor: ROMANYUK NIKOLAJ NIKOLAEVICH
IPC: A01D25/04
Filed: 2021-05-18
Granted: 2021-12-23
Abstract: FIELD: agriculture. 
     SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering. The apparatus comprises a frame with a digging share mounted thereon, wherein a beater is placed above said share and a separating rod-type drum located coaxially with the beater is placed behind said share. The diameter of the separating rod-type drum is equal to 0.5 of the average length of the onion tops in the natural state. The gap between the rods of the separating rod-type drum is greater than the minimum diameter of the bulb but less than the average diameter of the bulb. The rods of the separating rod-type drum are secured on the sidewalls thereof by means of springs. A screw is rigidly installed inside the separating rod-type drum on the shaft thereof, made with left and right windings starting from the middle. The diameter of the screw is equal to 0.8 of the inner diameter of the separating rod-type drum. The length of the screw is equal to the distance between the sidewalls of the separating rod-type drum, and the pitch of the winding of the screw is equal to half of the inner diameter of the separating rod-type drum. The sidewalls of the separating rod-type drum have windows for removing impurities therefrom, with a cross-sectional area of the windows equal to the cross-sectional area of the turn of the screw. The diameter of the beater is equal to two diameters of the separating rod-type drum. Secured on the frame behind the separating rod-type drum are a separating slide in the form of an inclined conveyor with elastic fingers installed on the belt, made predominantly of rubber, configured to supply onions with impurities to the latter to the upper working branch thereof, and a brush configured to rotate towards the movement of the conveyor belt. The fingers are installed in a staggered order on the free ends of the elastic plates attached to scrapers, installed perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the conveyor belt sheet and at an angle to the sheet in the direction of movement of the conveyor belt. The elastic plates are secured on the inclined scrapers, together with the conveyor belt sheet forming settling chambers for collecting soil impurities. The brush and elastic plates are arranged so that the circumferences of the trajectories of the free ends of the bristles of the brush and the elastic plates are tangent and the axis of the brush is located horizontally and above the horizontal axis of the back shaft of the conveyor. A deformer is installed in the lower part of the brush in the bristles thereof. The elastic plates touch the free ends of the bases of the adjacent elastic fingers located in front in the course of movement of the conveyor belt by the edges thereof. The length of the elastic fingers is equal to 0.3 to 0.4 of the average length of the onion tops in the natural state. The width of the elastic plate is equal to 0.3 to 0.4 of the length of the elastic fingers. The length of the bristles of the brush is 2.0 to 2.5 times greater than the length of the elastic fingers. The deformer is immersed in the bristles by 0.2 to 0.3 of the length thereof. 
     EFFECT: reduction of the material consumption and improvement in the quality of separation of onions from impurities in the form of foreign plant residues and lumps of soil are ensured. 
     1 cl, 7 dwg