baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-519339-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the exhaust systems of internal combustion engines
IPC: F01N5/00
Filed: 1938-09-20
Abstract: 519,339. Exhaust systems; heating charge. BREVETS AERO-MECANIQUES SOC. ANON. Sept. 20, 1938, No. 27464. Convention date, May 19. [Classes 7 (ii) and 7 (iii)] [Also in Group XXXIII] In a flame-damping device in which the exhaust is cooled and combustion of the combustible parts thereof is completed, the exhaust pipes 5 open into an air inlet 12 of the device which has a heat-recuperative jacket 7. In a radial-cylinder engine the exhaust pipes 5 are flattened and the jacket 7 is formed annular and preferably used to heat the air forming part of the charge. The air enters by elongated nozzles 8 which, with the exits of the pipes 5 are arranged to extend round substantially the whole of the interior of the engine cowling 3. The flow of heat may be improved by providing ribs running into the passage 7, which is preferably connected to the main air-supply pipe of the carburetter by a thermally-actuated valve, but which may be connected to heat the air entering the cockpit.
Patent GB-323226-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to fluid control cocks
IPC: F16K35/00
Filed: 1928-09-25
Abstract: 323,226. Holman, J. L., and Holman, A. T. Sept. 25, 1928, Plug cocks; rotary cylindrical valves.-A fluid control rotary plug cock for rock-drills and like percussive tools is operated by a key-handle 17, 18 which is separate from the plug 13, as shown, and has an external handle portion 17 and an integral internal conical portion 18 retained within the casing against removal therefrom. In the form shown the conical portion 18 provides a frictional resistance surface which, under the action of fluid pressure, tends to prevent rotation of the plug by vibration. An arrangement with a cylindrical valve is shown, as also are other conical plug cocks in which the plug itself forms the frictional surface, in which case the cone member 18 may be replaced by a flange retained within the casing.
Patent GB-1086577-A (GB)
Title: Foundry moulding sand
IPC: B22C1/18
Filed: 1965-06-29
Abstract: A foundry moulding sand composition comprises (a) foundry sand, (b) ferro-silicon, calcium silicide or silicon, and (c) 1/2 -5% wt., based on sand, of sodium silicate, and 2 1/2 -5% water, (a) may be e.g. silica, sea sand, zircon, or chrome sand.  Ingredients (b) and (c) may be pre-mixed, e.g. 20-120 parts (b) and 40-120 parts (c), and when required mixed with moist sand, or with dry sand and 1-5% water. The (b) and (c) mixture may also contain powdered natural gum or wood rosin. To assist collapsibility, AlCl3, e.g. 0.1%, pelleted pitch, e.g. 1%, or cereal powder, up to 0.1%, may be added. Bentonite, e.g. 0.5%, may also be incorporated in the composition.
Patent GB-889058-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the production of crystals
IPC: H01L21/00
Filed: 1959-08-12
Abstract: A flat elongated "dendritic" crystal, having for example a width of 0,5-5,0 mm. and a thickness of 0,025-0,63 mm., is pulled from a supercooled melt of a substance crystallizing in a cubic lattice structure using a seed crystal having at least one interior twin [III] plane orientated such that the crystal if etched would exhibit triangular etch pits with apices uppermost on one or both <PICT:0889058/III/1> <PICT:0889058/III/2> [111] face (Fig. 2).  A pair of crystals may be pulled simultaneously using a single seed crystal.  Supercooling may be 1 DEG -40 DEG C.  The rate of pulling may be 0,2-25 inches/min. Substances which may be pulled are silicon, germanium, zinc sulphide and selenide, and a compound of aluminium, gallium, or indium and phosphorus, arsenic, or antimony.  In the case of gallium arsenide pulling may be effected in an atmosphere of arsenic.  Doping agents specified are antimony, phosphorus, indium, gallium, aluminium, and gold.  Pulling may be effected in a vacuum or an atmosphere of helium, argon, hydrogen, nitrogen, or a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen.  As shown in Fig. 1, a crystal 26 is withdrawn from a melt in a graphite crucible surrounded by an induction heating coil 20 and surmounted by an apertured lid 22.  The pulling apparatus is enclosed in a glass vessel 32.  The lid may be of thermally insulating ceramic material to conserve heat.  Alternatively heat may be applied by means of an electrically heated coil or sleeve surrounding the lower part of the pulled crystal and an electrically heated graphite lid.
Patent GB-691357-A (GB)
Title: Octanolamines
IPC: C07C215/08
Filed: 1949-10-29
Abstract: The invention comprises 1-amino-2 : 4 : 4-trimethylpentan-2-ol The compound is produced by a process which comprises reacting ammonia under pressure at a temperature between 120-200 DEG  C. with 1 : 2-epoxy-2 : 4 : 4 trimethylpentane in amounts of at least four moles of ammonia to each mole of the epoxide.  In the examples 1 : 2-epoxy-2 : 4 : 4-trimethylpentane is reacted in an autoclave with ammonia, aqueous or in methanol and the desired product obtained by fractionation.  High boiling by-products include dioctanolamine.  The base may be used as such or in aqueous solution for the absorption of acidic gases such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide.  The salts are compatible with organic solvents, fats, waxes and oils.  The product may be reacted with alkyl or aryl halides to obtain N-alkyl or N-aryl substituted octanolamines or with an alkylene oxide to produce an N-hydroxyalkyl octanolamine.  Secondary and tertiary octanolamines and quaternary salts may be produced.  Amides may be produced by reacting the amine with, e.g. acid chlorides or ketenes. Melting points of the picrate, hydrochloride and benzoate are mentioned. The corresponding unsaturated amine may be produced by dehydration and from this the corresponding saturated amine, 1-amino - 2 : 4 : 4 - trimethylpentane and the picrate thereof may be obtained.  1 : 2 - Epoxy - 2 : 4 : 4 - trimethyl pentane may be produced by reacting gaseous oxygen with a -di-isobutene in the liquid phase at temperatures between 90 DEG  and 150 DEG  C. at pH values between 7 and 10.5 in the presence of an oxidation catalyst. Specification 448,373 and German Specification 203,082 are referred to.ALSO:1-amino-2 : 4 : 4-trimethylpentan-2-ol is soluble in mineral oils.  The base may be prepared by reacting ammonia under pressure with 1:2-epoxy-2:4:4-trimethylpentane (see Group IV(b)).ALSO:Cosmetic preparations may contain 1-amino-2:4:4-trimethylpentan-2-ol as the free base, or in the form of salts or other derivatives (see Group IV (b)).  The base is stated to be soluble in organic solvents, paraffinic hydrocarbons, mineral oils and waxes.  The salts with strong and weak acids are stated to possess a high compatibility with organic solvents, fats, waxes and oils.  Derivatives mentioned include the N-alkyl or N-aryl substituted octanolamines, N-hydroxy-alkyl octanolamines and the products obtained by reaction with acid chlorides and ketenes, the corresponding unsaturated amine and its reduction product 1-amino-2:4:4-trimethylpentane.
Patent GB-422359-A (GB)
Title: Process for the manufacture of cement
IPC: C04B7/42
Filed: 1933-10-09
Abstract: The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 comprises the manufacture of hydrochloric acid by introducing steam to a kiln in which cement is being made from materials to which a small proportion of a chloride has been added.  This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.ALSO:A chloride, particularly calcium chloride, or chlorine gas in an amount not exceeding 0,5 per cent, is added to cement raw materials before burning.  The chlorine takes part in a cycle of reactions, but some is lost and the amount necessary to be added is determined by analysis of the exit gases. It is stated that such an addition facilitates clinkering, preserves the refractory linings and produces an easily ground clinker.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 comprises also the simultaneous manufacture of hydrochloric acid by introducing steam to the kiln.  This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.
Patent GB-1467440-A (GB)
Title: Domestic boilers
IPC: F23D14/62
Filed: 1974-09-12
Abstract: 1467440 Water heaters; burners BRITISH GAS CORP 12 Sept 1974 [12 June 1973] 27835/73 Headings F4A and F4T In a domestic gas water heating boiler, a fan-powered burner 7, 9 heats a gas/water heat exchanger 10, and the outlet 11 from the heat exchanger 10 is fed to a diverter valve 12 which includes connection either to a space heating water line outlet 4 or to a water/water heat exchanger 13 which is fed through a pipe 14 from the diverter valve 12. Around the pipe 14 in the water/water heat exchanger 13 is constructed a domestic hot water supply pipe 2. The gas/water heat exchanger 10 comprises an outer casing 24 (Fig. 2) which houses finned waterways 25, 26 and 27 interconnected by plain tubes 29, 30, 31 and the heat exchanger 10 is tapered as shown in Fig. 2 so that the hot gases A, B which heat the waterways ensure an even heat distribution over the entire heat exchanger. The wall surrounding the waterways is constructed of an aluminized steel and lagged with an insulator and each waterway has a reatrictor mounted inside the waterway. Fig. 3 shows the burner head construction in the form of a tapered metal box 34 with an inlet 35 for attachment to the inlet duct 9. The interior of the box 34 is provided with a layer of steel mesh to help an even distribution of the gas/air mixture and the burner surface is formed of an expandable metal 37.
Patent GB-924068-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in railway wheel, brake and suspension assemblies
Inventor: BUTLER HENRY JAMES
IPC: B61H15/00
Filed: 1958-09-01
Abstract: 924,068. Servo-assisted brakes. DUNLOP RUBBER CO. Ltd. Aug. 27, 1959 [Sept. 1, 1958], No. 27946/58. Class 103 (1). [Also in Group XXXII] A wheel brake and suspension assembly for a railway vehicle, comprises a main brake actuated by angular movement of a monitor brake. Levers 8, 9, pivoted to a platform 1 fixed to an axle box 2 (see Group XXXII), carry a beam 10 to which a monitor brake shoe 12 is pivoted, an extension 15 of lever 8 being attached to a piston-rod 16 of a double-acting master cylinder 13 connected to main brake 18. A pneumatic jack 19, Fig. 5, connected to pivot 20 of beam 10 and lever 9, is actuated to move shoe 12 against a wheel 11; friction forces move the beam tangentially to the wheel to rock lever 8 and operate master cylinder 13. The beam 10 and shoe 12 may be depressed manually via bell-crank 23 and rod 24; lost-motion slots 21, 25 enable the two actuating means to act independently. The main brake 18, Fig. 6, comprises a disc 28 rotatable with wheel 11, two pressure plates 26 pivoted to a support 17, Fig. 1, fixed to axle box 2, and pads 29 mounted through backing plates 30, or directly on plates 26. An hydraulic cylinder 32 pivoted to one plate 26 has a piston 31 with an integral rod 33 having its end 34 seated in a recess 35 in the other plate 26. Hydraulic pressure from master cylinder 13 forces the ends of plates 26 apart to apply the pads 29 to disc 28. An automatic clearance adjuster 37 comprises a housing 38 pivoted to one plate 26 and containing members 40 urged against seats 39 by a spring 41 in a spacer 42; a rod 44 pivoted to the other plate 26 passes through adjuster 37 and is engaged by a friction element 43. On braking, pin 44, spacer 42 and element 43 are moved in one direction and housing 38 and members 40 in the opposite direction until clearance 45, corresponding to normally brake clearance, has been taken up. Should wear have occurred then the rod 44 is drawn through element 43 and on brake release, the ends of plates 26 adjacent adjuster 37 are moved together until the clearance 45 is re-established. Specification 868,965 is referred to.
Patent GB-975760-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to structural frameworks
IPC: A63B9/00
Filed: 1961-08-01
Abstract: 975,760. Gymnastic apparatus. K. KEELE, and H. C. KEELE. Oct. 2, 1962 [Aug. 1, 1961], No.27964/61. Heading A6M. Gymnastic apparatus comprises frame members 9 supported in head units 7 interconnected by a track 16 and in foot units 3 mounted in the under floor 2 of a hall so as to be flush with the upper floor 1, each member 9 comprising a tubular part 21 the upper end of which is fitted with a plug 22 which receives a threaded, boltlike element 25 whereby relative rotation of the parts 21, 25 varies the length of member 9. Part 25 carries at its upper end wheels 28 for engagement with curved parts 18 of track 16, and a collar 30 having a conical recess for engagement with head unit 7. Tubular member 21 is fitted with a plug 33 supporting a spigot 34. In use member 9 is moved along the track 16 into register with units 7 and 3. Part 21 is then rotated relative to part 25 thereby forcing spigot 34 into a bore 6 in unit 3 and causing wheels 28 to move out of engagement with the track and collar 30 to engage unit 7. Cross members are secured between uprights 9, pulleys 43 being provided on the head units to facilitate hoisting them into position. Specification 906,431 is referred to.
Patent GB-1454739-A (GB)
Title: Fluid level stabiliser
IPC: C25D21/12
Filed: 1975-07-03
Abstract: 1454739 Maintaining fluid level in wire &c. treating tanks STANDARD TELEPHONES & CABLES Ltd 3 July 1975 28023/75 Heading C7B  In the fluid treatment e.g. degreasing or electroplating, of a plurality of elongate wire, strip, or the like passing at high speed in a common horizontal plane and in the same direction through a treatment tank, the fluid level in the tank is maintained constant against hydrodynamic drag effects by providing in the fluid above and optionally also below the wire &c., a flexible porous sheet attached to the wire inlet end of the tank. Each sheet may comprise one or more layers of openwork polypropylene material. A series of electro-plating anodes may be arranged above the upper sheet along the length of the tank. Sn-plating of Cu wire from a fluoborate bath is referred to.
Patent GB-1398043-A (GB)
Title: Method and apparatus for making tubular polymeric reverse osmosis membranes
IPC: C08J5/18
Filed: 1973-06-13
Abstract: 1398043 Casting tubular reverse osmosis membranes CANADIAN PATENTS & DEVELOPMENT Ltd 13 June 1973 [23 Aug 1972] 28177/73 Heading B5B An apparatus for making a tubular polymeric membrane for reverse osmosis comprises a cast ing tube 1, a casting bob 2 at one end of the casting tube and slidable along so as to cast a tubular membrane between the bob 2 and the tube 1, a vented leading bob 4 positioned inwardly along the casting tube from the casting bob 2 but connected thereto so as to form a casting solution cavity 6 bounded by the two bobs, 2, 4, and the tube 1, a mounting means generally designated by 8, supporting tube 1 and the two bobs 2, 4, for relative movement between the tube and the two bobs so that the bobs can be moved from one end of the tube to the other and means generally designated by 10 for circulating gelation medium through the casting tube. Means, e g gas inlet 46 is preferably provided for circulating a gas to the interior of the casting tube below the casting bob. The mounting means preferably consists of a winch assembly 22 attached via pulleys 18, 20 and line 16 to the leading bob. In a preferred embodiment, Figs. 5 and 6 (not shown) the casting space 6 is enclosed in a cylindrical casing removably attached to the leading bob and extending along the casting tube from the leading bob to seal with an inner end of the casting bob, the arrangement being such that when the two bobs are drawn along the tube, the leading bob spaces the casing away from the casting bob. The means for circulating gas may comprise a tube extending downward through the casting tube and through the two bobs terminating beneath the casting bob in a gas distributing means. The casting tube may be surrounded by a heat exchange jacket 14 and a water absorbing wiper for the interior of the casting tube may be attached to the leading bob. In using the apparatus the solution cavity, e.g. 6 is filled with casting solution, e.g. cellulose acetate, acetone, magnesium perchlorate, and water, heat-exchange medium is circulated through jacket 14 to maintain a desired temperature and the two bobs are drawn from one end of the tube to the other casting a polymeric tube as they go. The solvent is allowed to evaporate, assisted if desired by the passage of gas into the casting tube, a gelation medium, e.g. cold water is circulated, e.g. via inlet 44 through the casting tube and the produced tube is removed. A gas, e.g. air may be circulated around the inside surface of the tube whilst it is being cast if this is so desired.
Patent GB-1216155-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to nozzles for liquid spouts
IPC: E03C1/086
Filed: 1969-06-05
Abstract: 1,216,155. Spray producers. AMERICAN STANDARD Inc. 5 June, 1969 [6 June, 1968], No. 28501/69. Heading R2F. Nozzles for liquid spouts comprise a body 10 having a plurality of nozzle sections 23 which are cylindrical in shape, substantially equal in length and of the same diameter arranged peripherally of the body with their axes at a common angle to the central axis of the body, and filtering means immediately upstream of the nozzle sections. Preferably the nozzle sections diverge in the direction of flow, and a further nozzle section 20 may be provided, coaxial with the body. The entry 45 of each nozzle section may be chamfered 'and one or more screens 31, 32, 33, strainers or a foam material, may be provided within the body as filter. The parts may be made of metal or plastic.
Patent GB-1370397-A (GB)
Title: Gas turbine engine
IPC: F02C7/262
Filed: 1972-06-19
Abstract: 1370397 Gas turbine plant FORD MOTOR CO Ltd 19 June 1972 [12 Aug 1971] 28562/72 Heading FIG [Also in Division G1] In a gas turbine engine having a combustion chamber for combusting a fuel-air mixture, means are responsive to first and second temperature signals respectively representing the temperature of the combustion products and the temperature of air supplied to the chamber, and to a fuel signal representing the rate of fuel supply to the chamber to provide an output signal indicating the presence or absence of a flame in the chamber. Detection of flame absence may initiate fuel supply shut-down, attempt at relighting or other desired action. As shown, the combustion product temperature signal is derived from a transducer 32, e. g. a thermocouple, and is applied to a summing circuit 46 via a lead compensation circuit which is a function generator responsive to engine speed to provide an actual temperature signal, and a filter 44. The supplied air temperature signal is derived from a transducer 34, e.g. a resistance thermometer or thermistor, and is applied to circuit 46 via a bias circuit 48. The fuel flow rate signal is derived from a transducer 38 and is applied to a lag circuit 52 whose output is applied to a divider 54. The divider also receives an air flow rate signal to provide a signal proportional to the fuel-air ratio to a multiplier 55. whose is applied to circuit 46. This circuit subtracts the multiplier output from the difference between the temperature signals, the output being applied to a sign detector 56, a positive sign indicating presence of flame and vice versa. In an alternative, Fig. 3 (not shown), a fuel control circuit is responsive to engine speed, supplied air temperature, combustion product temperature and throttle position. Fuel control circuit compares the desired engine speed, set by the throttle, with the other inputs to determine the fuel flow rate to the engine that will achieve the desired speed without producing excessive stresses or temperatures. The output signal thus is a function of fuel-air ratio, and is applied to the circuit 46 via a lag compensation circuit.
Patent GB-279878-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in ultra-audible transmitting and receiving apparatus
IPC: G10K11/34
Filed: 1927-01-19
Abstract: 279,878. Langevin, P. Jan. 27, 1926, [Convention date]. Piezo-electric instruments. - In connection with vibration-emitters, more particularly of the piezo-electric type, means are provided for preventing the secondary maxima of intensity in the external medium at points on either side of the line normal to the emitting surface, such secondary maxima occurring due to interference effects when the amplitude of vibration at the source is uniform over the whole area. According to one arrangement, the emitting surface is divided into a number of areas, the different areas being connected to different potentials so that the resultant amplitude distribution over the surface is of a predetermined kind and is such that at a distance from the source only one maximum (along the normal direction) will be observed. In order to investigate the amplitude distribution along the surface a<2>, a small resonating piezo-electric crystal g, fitted with a gold-leaf h may be employed. Specification 265,181 is referred to.
Patent GB-849436-A (GB)
Title: Synthetic polymer films
Inventor: BLOOM GEORGE ISAAC MAURICE
IPC: B29C55/02
Filed: 1957-09-11
Abstract: <PICT:0849436/IV(a)/1> Isotactic polypropylene film is continuously stretched laterally, preferably to between 4 and 10 times its initial width, to cause molecular orientation at a temperature between the crystalline melting point of the polymer and a temperature 30 DEG  C. below that point.  The crystalline melting point is defined as the temperature at which all crystallites in the polymer have disappeared when a thin film of the polymer is slowly raised in temperature and examined under the microscope in polarised light. In an example, a flat film of isotactic polypropylene having a crystalline melting point within the range 170 DEG  to 175 DEG C., a viscosity of 7,7 X 105 poises at 190 DEG  C, and containing 0,8% of amorphous polymer soluble in diethyl ether, is laterally stretched at 150 DEG C. to 8 times its original width by means of the apparatus shown in the drawing.  In this apparatus the film 1 is fed under tension over the idler roller 2 to the pulleys 3 and 4 which are disposed at an angle to each other and mounted on mutually inclined shafts.  They are of equal size and are symmetrically disposed with respect to each other as in the case of an object and its mirror image.  The film first contacts the peripheries of the pulleys where they are closest together.  The margins of the film are gripped in the grooves of the pulleys by the endless belts 5 and 6 for half a revolution of the pulleys. The film is then released from the grooves at the points where the peripheries of the pulleys are furthest apart and passed over the cooled idler roller 7.  The lower halves of the pulleys are immersed in ethylene glycol maintained at 150 DEG C. in the bath 8. Specifications 867,532 and 840,191 are referred to.
Patent GB-357782-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in spring seating surfaces
IPC: A47C23/053
Filed: 1930-09-25
Abstract: 357,782. Spring upholstery. MAR. SHALL, J. E. L., Ellerslie House, Sandiacre, Derbyshire. Sept. 25, 1930, No. 28651. [Class 52 (iv).] A metal base frame for an upholstery spring assembly is of S-shaped section providing a main channel A<1> to house a tacking strip B and a subsidiary channel A<2> to grip the lower coils of the peripheral springs or members connected thereto. The intermediate springs can be connected to the peripheral springs by channel bars G.