baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-606150-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in copolymers and process of producing them
IPC: C08F236/04
Filed: 1945-12-12
Abstract: Copolymers are prepared by polymerizing a mixture comprising a conjugated diene and a mixture of nuclear dichlorostyrenes containing more than 75 per cent of the 2,4- and 2,5-isomers in equal proportions.  The mixture of isomers may be prepared by chlorinating ethylbenzene in the presence of iron until two chlorine atoms are substituted in the ring, fractionating, chlorinating the fraction boiling between 204 DEG  and 220 DEG  C. in the presence of light, fractionating, heating the fraction boiling between 104 DEG  and 106 DEG  C. at 6.5 mm. of mercury under reduced pressure in the presence of fused alumina and fractionating to isolate a mixture boiling between 81 DEG  and 88 DEG  C. at 6 mm. of mercury and having a density of D254 = 1,258 and an index of refraction N25D = 1.5790. The diene may be butadiene-1,3, 2-methyl- and 2-phenylbutadienes, 2,3-dimethylbutadiene, chloroprene, pentadiene-1,3, 2-methylpentadiene, cyclopentadiene or dimethyl furane, and a part thereof may be replaced by drying oils.  A third monomer may be included, e.g. iso- or n-butylenes, amylenes, vinyl and vinylidene chlorides, and a -alkyl substituted nuclear dichlorostyrenes. Mass or emulsion polymerization may be used.  There are specified as catalysts, benzoyl and urea peroxides and sodium perborate; as emulsifying agents, ammonium oleate and the sodium sulphonate of an alkylated naphthalene; gelatine and glue; carbon tetrachloride and 2-ethylhexanol; disodium phosphate.  The products may be compounded with sulphur, fillers, &c., and vulcanized. Specification 570,596 is referred to.ALSO:A mixture of nuclear dichlorostyrenes containing more than 75 per cent of the 2, 4- and 2, 5-isomers in equal proportions is prepared by chlorinating ethyl-benzene in the presence of iron until two chlorine atoms are substituted in the ring, fractionating, chlorinating the fraction boiling between 204 DEG  and 220 DEG  C. in the presence of light, fractionating, heating the fraction boiling between 104 DEG  and 106 DEG  C. at 6.5 mm. of mercury under reduced pressure in the presence of fused alumina and fractionating to isolate a mixture boiling between 81 DEG  and 88 DEG C. at 6 mm. of mercury and having a density of D254=1.258 and an index of refraction N25D=1.5790.  Specification 570,596 is referred to.
Patent GB-827393-A (GB)
Title: Stabilized vinyl chloride polymers
IPC: C08K5/37
Filed: 1956-11-06
Abstract: A composition comprises polyvinyl chloride or a copolymer of a major proportion of vinyl chloride and a minor proportion of vinyl acetate and, as a stabilizer against the deleterious effect of heat, a mercaptal or mercaptol derivative of a mercaptan, a mercaptoacid ester, or a mercaptoalkanol ester.  Examples describe the use of mercaptals derived from benzaldehyde or 2-ethyl hexaldehyde and nonyl or iso-octyl mercaptoacetate, and of mercaptols derived from benzophenone or methyl isobutyl ketone and iso-octyl mercaptoacetate. The Specification contains lists of other suitable mercaptal and mercaptol derivatives.  The compositions may also contain other stabilizers such as organotin compounds and antimony compounds, and dioctyl phthalate or a mixture of dioctyl phthalate and tricresyl phosphate as plasticizer.
Patent GB-1138963-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in electric switch interlocks
IPC: H01H9/26
Filed: 1965-08-06
Abstract: 1,138,963. Interlocking switches. LAURENCE SCOTT & ELECTROMOTORS Ltd. and J. A. G. FITZGERALD. 4 Aug., 1966 [6 Aug., 1965], No. 33904/65. Heading H1N. An interlock between an electromagnetic or push button switch A, Fig. 1(c), and an isolating switch B with a rotary operating element 2, 9 is arranged so that the switch B cannot be switched on if the push button switch A is already on, while the switch A may be operated independently of the locking means. With the switches A and B in the on positions (shown) link 12 is raised upwardly against gravity by engagement of a pin 4 with one end of a double arm lever 7. Pin and slot connection 19, 21 through bell crank 13 permits free movement of the switch A at all positions of the link 12. If however the lever 9 of switch B is moved down to switch off, pin 4 engages in slot 6 to prevent the further actuation of switch B until switch A has been released and raises link 12 to release pin 4. In a modification in which the switch A is manually operated, its position is sensed by a push-rod 23, Fig. 2(a), operating a bell crank 13, similar to that shown in Fig. 1(c). An additional link 24 is however coupled to the pin 4 to hold the push-rod 23 out of its operative position, when the switch B is on, so that the linkage is not repeatedly actuated by the switch A and reduces mechanical loading.
Patent GB-212635-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to spark plugs for internal combustion engines
IPC: H01T13/54
Filed: 1922-12-12
Abstract: 212,635. White, A. E., (Brewster Goldsmith Corporation). Dec. 12, 1922. Drawings to Specification. Sparking-plugs.-The combustion space within the inner end of a plug, the area of the surfaces which bound it, and the aperture by which it communicates with the cylinder are determined according to the compression ratio of the engine. The combustion space and area are varied approximately in inverse proportion to the compression ratio. For ratios of between the limits 5 to 1 and 3 to 1, volumes are specified of from 1.25 to 1.75 c. cm., and areas of from 13 to 36 sq. cm. For compression ratios between 5 to 1 and 6¢ to 1, the corresponding volumes are 1.25 and 0.50 c. cm., and the surface areas range from 15 sq. cm. to 3 sq. cm. The area used in practice is the area as determined from the above figures, modified according to the heat capacity, conductivity, &c. of the materials employed. When, for example, the working temperature of the electrode is 1900‹ F. absolute, and that of self-ignition of the fuel is 1135‹ F. absolute, the area of the surface is increased in the ratio of 1900 to 1135 beyond that determined from the above figures. The net cross-sectional orifice area is determined from the formula O = Krn where O and r represent the area and compression ratio, and K and <n> are constants to be determined experimentally by using plugs of differing orifice and engines of differing compression ratio.
Patent GB-290925-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to pressure reducing valves or regulators
IPC: G05D16/10
Filed: 1927-12-15
Abstract: 290,925. Auld &. Sons, Ltd., D., and Graham, J. Dec. 15, 1927. Addition to 253,466. Pressure-regulating valves.- A pressure-reducing valve of the kind described in the parent Specification has the auxiliary valve arranged to be normally open but to close with a rise of outlet pressure and so direct a separate actuating liquid to the main actuating chamber to close the main valve. The main valve b has a balancing piston b<1> and is fitted with a pilot valve f<4> cooperating with a seat f<3> on the main valve. The valve spindle c is coupled to an actuating piston d<1> working in a cylinder f and is loaded by a spring g acting through a bolt g<1> and lever g<2> provided with an indicating pointer g<6>. The auxiliary valve j is loaded to open by a spring r acting through a bolt r' and lever m and is actuated by outlet pressure acting on a diaphragm k backed by a piston l having a projection l<1> engaging the lever m. Actuating liquid entering the valve casing at o normally passes to exhaust through the open valve j but in the event of the outlet pressure rising, the valve closes so causing pressure to be exerted on the piston d<1> to close the main valve. Specification 291,308 also is referred to.
Patent GB-650319-A (GB)
Title: A process for the separation of naphthenic and paraffinic hydrocarbons by extractive distillation
IPC: C07C7/08
Filed: 1947-12-23
Abstract: <PICT:0650319/III/1> Naphthenes are separated from paraffins by subjecting the mixture to extractive distillation using a solvent comprising a major proportion of an aromatic amine of lower molecular weight and a minor proportion, e.g. 2 to 10 per cent, of water under conditions and in proportions such that only one liquid phase is present in the distillation zone.  The vapours withdrawn from the distillation zone are rich in paraffins while the extract contains the naphthenes.  An aromatic amine is chosen having a boiling temperature, in the presence or absence of water, sufficiently above the boiling temperature of the naphthenes that the two can be separated by simple distillation.  The following amines are referred to: aniline, methylaniline, dimethylaniline, ethylaniline, o-, m- and p-toluidines, a -naphthylamine.  Examples of liquids which may be separated are cyclohexane and trimethylbutane, cyclohexane and dimethylpentane, methylcyclopentane and n-hexane, methylcyclohexane and n-heptane, cyclopentane and dimethylbutane.  The weight ratio of amine-water mixture to hydrocarbon mixture is preferably about 3 : 1. A hydrocarbon mixture of narrow boiling range containing cyclohexane and 2,2- and 2,4-dimethylpentanes, obtained by rectifying petroleum naphtha, is vaporized and fed through line 11 into column 12.  A mixture of aniline and water is admitted to the column through line 14, although part or all of the water may be admitted, if desired, through lines 18 and 19.  Paraffin vapours flow over partial condenser 15 and leave the column overhead; they are condensed in condenser 20, and the condensate is separated as an upper layer from entrained aqueous aniline in separator 21. The aqueous aniline is returned to column 12 through lines 22 and 14.  A solution of naphthenes in aqueous aniline is withdrawn from the base of column 12 through line 26, and distilled in column 27.  Vapours containing the naphthenes and water, and perhaps some aniline, are removed from the head of column 27, and condensed in condenser 31.  The liquified naphthenes are separated as an upper layer from water in separator 32.  The water may either be run to waste or returned to column 12. Aniline containing some water is withdrawn from the base of column 27 and is returned to column 12 via lines 37 and 14.
Patent GB-389576-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electro-magnetic switches
IPC: H01H50/32
Filed: 1931-12-08
Abstract: 389,576. Control of motors; electromagnetic switches. GRANGIER, E. L., 22, Rue Ste. Marie, and NIOGRET, F., 48, Rue du Dauphine, both in Lyons, France. Dec. 8, 1931, No. 34068. Convention date, Dec. 8, 1930. [Classes 38 (iii) and 38 (v).] An electromagnetically-operated, push-button controlled switch comprises U-shaped movable contacts 3 mounted on a shaft 1 carried by a frame 7, which is normally held by springs between extreme positions to which it is actuated by electromagnets 12, and in which the contacts 3 engage fixed contacts 18, the cores 8 of the electromagnets 12 moving on non- magnetic guides 9. A latch 22 rests on a pin 24 when the contacts 3 are in the centre position, but falls behind the pin when the contacts are in an operative position, the latch being raised by an electromagnet 28, and closing contacts 30. The switch may function as a reversing-switch for a motor, or, as shown in Fig. 5, it may control a motor to stop it by " plugging " for a certain time. Upon closure of a button ma, the switch moves to the left, in which position it is held by the latch 22 which, at contacts 30, opens the circuit of the operative electromagnet 12. Closure of a button f energizes the coil 34 of a relay 34, 35, 36, in series with the coil 28, so that the relay closes, and the latch 22 is lifted. The relay in closing energizes another of its coils, i.e. 35 in series with the right-hand coil 12, so that the relay remains closed, and the switch moves to its right-hand position to reverse the connections to a motor. The latch 22 is released when the switch moves, and is effective to hold the switch,in its reverse position, the relay 34, 35, 36 remaining closed by the energization of its coil 36 in series with an expanding wire 43. After a certain time the wire 43 allows contacts 40, 41 to open, and contacts 40, 47 to close, thereby energizing the electromagnet 28, to raise the latch 22 and allow the switch to return to its centre position. In a modified arrangement, Fig. 6, (not shown) two relays 34, 35, 36 are provided, electrically interlocked and selectively energized by contacts on the switch, so that " plugging " for a certain time is possible with the motor running in either direction. The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 comprises also arrangements for reversing and " plugging " a motor in which the switch is operated by electromagnets in one direction only, additional means being provided in one arrangement for preventing a stop-button becoming effective until a predetermined time after the motor has started. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.
Patent GB-449506-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to folding link mats
IPC: A47G27/02
Filed: 1935-12-10
Abstract: 449,506. Folding link mats. INDIA TYRE & RUBBER CO., Ltd., and POMEROY, C. J., Incliinnan, Renfrowshire. Dec. 10, 1935, No. 34125. [Class 142 (iv)] The links 1 are strung on wires &c. 2, the end links 1<a> being so fashioned as when interengaged to form scarfed joints 4, or tenon joints, so that the lateral edges of the mat are substantially uninterrupted. The ends of the wires &c. 2 are embedded and/or vulcanized in the end links, which are preferably of rubber or rubber compound, the links 1 being of rubberized fabric derived from tyres.
Patent GB-1382020-A (GB)
Title: Purification of secondary alkyl primary monoamines
Filed: 1973-07-18
Abstract: 1382020 Purification of secondary alkyl primary amines TEXACO DEVELOPMENT CORP 18 July 1973 34151/73 Heading C2C Secondary alkyl primary amines (e.g. obtained by the hydrogenation of nitro paraffins) are freed from diamine impurities by (1) contacting the monoamine-diamine blend with an aqueous mineral acid (e.g. hydrochloric, sulphuric or phosphoric acid) (2) separating the monoamine phase from the diamine-containing aqueous phase (3) neutralizing the monoamine phase with an aqueous solution of an alkali (e.g. sodium hydroxide) and (4) separating the purified monoamine phase from the resulting aqueous phase. The purified amine may be washed with sodium chloride solution or water and dried. The concentration of the acid in the acid solution is preferably below 10% and the amount of acid is preferably 0À01 to 1À0 equivalent per equivalent of total amine. To improve the extraction, the acid used in step (1) may contain an inorganic salt having the same anion as the mineral acid (e.g. an alkali metal chloride or sulphate)
Patent GB-1418347-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for continuously folding a web of material to double  thickness
IPC: B31B23/26
Filed: 1973-07-18
Abstract: 1418347 Longitudinal folding apparatus WINDMOLLER & HOLSCHER 18 July 1973 [4 Aug 1972] 34210/73 Heading B8R Apparatus for folding a web W longitudinally about its centre line a comprises two web guiding surface 1 and 2 defining three web turning edges 4, 5 and 6 the surfaces being so so arranged that the angles α and # satisfy the condition that cos #/2 is substantially equal to tan α. # being the angle between the supporting surfaces and α being the. angles between each of the edges 5 and 6 and the direction of travel of the web W .over the respective surfaces. A smoothing bar 8 in the form of a brush acts on the folded web. Rollers 9 and 10 guide the web to and fro and from the apparatus.
Patent GB-507170-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to chilling media for tempering glass
IPC: C03B27/02
Filed: 1937-12-10
Abstract: 507,170. Tempering glass. PILKING- TON BROS., Ltd. (Corning Glass Works) Dec. 10, 1937, No. 34234. [Class 56] A chilling bath consists of 1: 2: 4 trichlorbenzene, diphenyl oxide or light chlorinated resin, e.g. one of the diphenyl resins sold under the Registered Trade Mark "Aroclor," or a mixture of two or more of these or of any liquid for which at 20‹ C. log K<@3>.P<@2>.O./U Î 10<6> lies between 2À56 and 4 where K is the thermal conductivity, P. the specific gravity,' B the coefficient of cubic expansion, C the specific heat and U the viscosity. The results of tempering specimens of two glasses made from specified proportions of SiO2, B2O3' Na2O and A120s, are given.
Patent GB-896901-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of polymeric materials
Inventor: WOOD JOHN FRANCIS
IPC: C08J9/00
Filed: 1959-10-09
Abstract: A process for the manufacture of foamed, cellular polyurethane materials by the interaction of organic polyisocyanates with hydroxyl group-containing polymers, is characterized in that the interaction is carried out in the presence of a methyl/phenyl polysiloxane. Between 0,005% and 5%, preferably 0,02% to 1% by weight of the polysiloxane, based on the weight of the total reaction mixture, may be used.  The polymer may be, for example, a polyester, polyesteramide or polyether.  The reaction mixture may also contain catalysts, surface-active agents, foam stabilizers, plasticizers such as dioctyl phthalate and fire-proofing agents such as tri chlorethyl phosphate.  In typical examples (1) a methyl/phenyl polysiloxane in which the ratio of the number of methyl to phenyl groups is about 3 to 1 is dissolved in a prepolymer from a mixture of polypropylene glycol and oxypropylated glycerol and tolylene-2:4 and 2:6-diisocyanates. Foaming is effected by continuously blending the mixture with a mixture of water, dimethylcyclohexylamine and an octyl phenol/ethylene oxide reaction product: (2) toluene 2:4 and 2:6 diisocyanates are added to polypropylene glycol in which dimethylbenzylamine and methyl/phenyl polysiloxane has been dissolved.  After 24 hours foaming is effected by adding a solution of N-methylpyrrolidine and an octylphenol/ethylene oxide reaction product in water.ALSO:A process for the manufacture of foamed cellular polyurethane materials by the interaction of organic polyisocyanates with hydroxyl group-containing polymers is characterized in that the interaction is carried out in the presence of a methyl/phenyl polysiloxane.  Between 0,005% and 5%, preferably 0,02% to 1% by weight of the polysiloxane, based on the total weight of the reaction mixture may be used.  The polymer may be, for example, a polyester, polyesteramide or polyether.  The reaction mixture may also contain catalysts, surface-active agents, foam stabilizers, plasticizers such as dioctyl phthalate and fire-proofing agents such as tr-chlorethylphosphate.  In typical examples (1) a methyl/phenyl polysiloxane in which the ratio of the number of methyl to phenyl groups is about 3:1 is dissolved in a prepolymer from a mixture of polypropylene glycol and oxypropylated glycerol and tolylene-2:4 and 2:6-diisocyanates.  Foaming is effected by continuously blending the mixture with a mixture of water, dimethylcyclohexylamine and an octylphenol/ethylene oxide reaction product; (2) toluene 2:4- and 2:6-diisocyanates are added to polypropylene glycol in which dimethylbenzylamine and methyl/phenyl polysiloxane have been dissolved.  After 24 hours foaming is effected by adding a solution of N-methyl-pyrrolidine and an octylphenol/ethylene oxide reaction product in water.
Patent GB-873114-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in hydraulic oscillators
IPC: F16H61/40
Filed: 1957-11-04
Abstract: 873,114. Punching-machines. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION. Nov. 4, 1957 [Nov. 2, 1956], No. 34389/57. Class 31 (2). [Also in Group XXIX] A punch is reciprocated by an hydraulic motor under the control of a reversing valve, the motor being maintained inoperative when electromagnetic means are energized. As shown in Fig. 1 a reversing valve 51 is held in its righthand position by an electromagnet 60, and a punch 65 is connected to a piston 52 serving as a pilot valve to direct liquid from an inlet 78 to control-chambers 69, 70 of valve 51. When magnet 60 is de-energized, a chamber 76 of piston 52 is alternately open to an inlet 71 and to exhaust 73, and a chamber 77 is alternately open to exhaust 73 and to an inlet 72 so that the punch is reciprocated. After a valve has completed half its stroke it reverses the pressure and exhaust connections to the other valve, and so on, so that the valves oscillate continuously, and substantially in anti-phase. In the embodiment of Fig. 2, a pilot valve 85 controls the position of a reversing valve 86 which controls the supply of liquid to either side of a punchactuating piston 87 and to control chambers 95, 96 of the pilot valve. A valve in a line 122 to the piston 87 is closed when a magnet 126 is energized so that the punch is inoperative. Other punch-operating pistons may be reciprocated by connecting them to lines 124, 125. In each embodiment, the strokes of the pistons and valves can be varied by means of adjustable stops.
Patent GB-781930-A (GB)
Title: New anthraquinonoid dyestuffs
Inventor: HESLOP ROBERT NORMAN
IPC: C09B62/06
Filed: 1954-11-29
Abstract: The invention comprises dyes of the formula-<FORM:0781930/IV (b)/1> where X is a bridging group containing at least one anionic solubilizing group, e.g. sulphonic or carboxylic.  X may be phenylene, -C6H4.  C6H4-or -C6H4,N = N-C6H4-, each of which is substituted as indicated.  They are made by reacting one mol. of cyanuric chloride with one mol. of a compound of the formula:, <FORM:0781930/IV (b)/2> (itself made from the corresponding 4-bromoanthraquinone and a diamine containing an anionic solubilizing group), preferably in aqueous medium below 5 DEG  C., the dyestuff being isolated in presence of a buffering agent at a pH of 6-8.  The products dye or print cotton or viscose green or blue shades.  In examples, cyanuric chloride in acetone is reacted with (1) 1 - amino - 4 - (41 - amino - anilino) - anthraquinone - 2:31:5 - trisulphonic acid; (2) 1-amino - 4 - [41 - (411 - aminophenylazo) - anilino]-anthraquinone - 2.211:5 - trisulphonic acid; (3) 1 - amino - 4 - (41 - aminoanilino) - anthraquinone - 2.31:6 - trisulphonic acid; 1 (4) amino - (41 - amino - 31 - carboxyanilino) anthraquinone - 2:5 - disulphonic acid; (5) 1 - amino - 4 - (31 - aminoanilino)anthraquinone-2.5.41 - trisulphonic acid; (6) 1 - amino - 4-[41 - (411 - aminophenyl) - anilino]anthraquinone 2.5.311-trisulphonic acid.
Patent GB-367422-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in mowing machines
IPC: A01D34/06
Filed: 1930-11-18
Abstract: 367,422. Mowing-machines. BAM. FORD, J., St. Mary's Mount, and BAMFORD, C. J., The Parks, both in Uttoxeter, Staffordshire. Nov. 18, 1930, No. 34661. [Class 6 (iii).] A mowing-machine of the type in which an independent motor drives a cutter bar projecting laterally, the machine being drawn by horses or a tractor, is provided with a pair of clutch elements mounted concentrically with the transmission shaft one of such elements being connected to the motor by a friction clutch. The motor 17, mounted on a platform 16 projecting at the rear of the axle casing 11 and stayed by a rod 18, has a gear wheel 20 meshing with another wheel 21 loosely mounted on the transmission shaft 13 and carrying a clutch member 22. Another clutch member 23, splined on the shaft 13, is normally pressed by a spring 24 into engagement with the member 22 thus causing the drive to be transmitted to the shaft 13. The thrust of the spring 24 is taken up on a shoulder 28 on the casing. The member 23 is moved away from the member 22 by a lever 27. The clutch can slip should the knives meet with excessive resistance. The working parts of the mower may be automatically lubricated by feed pipes from the engine. In modifications the motor is arranged in alignment with the transmission shaft or at an angle thereto.