Patent GB-1047532-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to fluid flow measuring devices
IPC: G01F1/66
Filed: 1964-02-27
Abstract: 1,047,532. Ultrasonic measurement of fluid flow. TOKYO KEIKI SEIZOSHO CO. Ltd. Feb. 27, 1964 [Feb. 27, 1963], No. 8169/64. Heading H4D. In apparatus for determining the velocity of flow of fluid, comprising a first transmitter 1, Fig. 1, directing an ultrasonic pulse through the fluid under test within a conduit 10, towards a first receiver 2, the reception at the receiver of the pulse, causing the transmission of the next pulse, a second transmitter 3 and a second receiver 4 working in the same manner as the first transmitter and receiver, and a mixer 8 producing a heat frequency signal with a repetition frequency equal to the difference of the repetition frequencies of the two transmitted pulse trains, and representative of the velocity of flow V of the fluid, the distance S between transmitter 1 and receiver 2 is less than that (S+#S) between transmitter 3 and receiver 4, such that the mixer 8 produces a beat frequency signal of non-zero repetition frequency when the velocity V is zero, and a zero velocity situation is synthesized by causing the direction of transmission and reception between means 3 and 4 to be reversed, such that both trains of ultrasonic pulses are directed through the fluid with the flow, whereby mixer 8 produces a beat frequency signal having said non-zero repetition frequency which can be subtracted from the repetition frequency, obtained with the means 3 and 4 returned to their normal use, to obtain an indication of the true velocity flow of the fluid. In the embodiment of Fig. 1 the beat frequency output of mixer 8 with the transmitters and receivers in normal use, is given by where C is the velocity of sound in the fluid, whilst the beat frequency with transmitter 3 and receiver 4 reversed is given by #S/S<SP>2</SP>.C.   The beat frequency signal is fed to a converter 9 which produces a D.C. signal proportional to the beat frequency. The reversal of the functions of transmitter 3 and receiver 4 is performed by change-over switch 7. The output of converter 9 is fed to a two-way switch 11 ganged with switch 7 such that, with the transmitter 3 and receiver 4 in their normal function, the output of the converter is fed to a measured valve responsive unit 12, whilst with the functions reversed the output of the converter is fed to a correcting valve responsive unit 13. Units 12 and 13 have storage means whereby they reproduce at their outputs the last input signal fed to them from converter 9. The outputs of the two units are fed to a subtraction circuit 14 to produce a difference signal for indication on unit 15 as the velocity V. In a modification of this embodiment, Fig. 2 (not shown), the output of unit 13 (16 in Fig. 2) is mechanical, and is used to adjust the converting factor of converter 9, such that the output of unit 12 is automatically corrected and can be fed directly to indicator 15. An elaboration of Fig. 2 is shown in Fig. 4 (not shown), wherein four ganged switches are provided 24, 25, 26 and 27, each having a correcting and a measuring position C and M, and all ganged with switch 7 of Fig. 1. In the measuring position of the switches the output of converter 9 is fed through a coil 28. An opposing coil 29 is energized via switch 24 by a variable current source 22 and in turn feeds via switch 25 indicator 16 and an additional indicator load 17 (e.g. recorder). Dependi ng on whether the current in coil 28 is less than, greater than, or equal to, the current in coil 29 a movable contact connected to point X makes contact with upper or lower contacts connected to points Y and Z, or remains in a neutral position. The closing of the upper or lower contacts in turn energizes the upper or lower coils of a relay 19 causing the closure of the respective upper or lower relay contacts. A servo motor 20 is energized via switch 27 and controls the output of current source 22 in a direction dependent on which of the relay contacts is closed. The action is such that the current through coil 29 and the indicators is caused to follow the output current of converter 9. In the correcting position of the switches the output of the converter, now representing the zero velocity term #S/S<SP>2</SP>.C is again compared with the current through coil 29. Coil 29 is, however, now energized at 1mA by a constant current source 23 and servo motor 21 controls the converting characteristic of converter 9 by means of a potentiometer 45, in order to bring the converter output to 1mA. The loads 16 and 17 meanwhile are energized by the output of variable current source 22. A transistorized version of the converter 9 is described. Fig. 5 (not shown), comprising a monostable multivibrator triggered by the output of mixer 8 to produce a corresponding train of pulses with constant widths, and a rectifying and smoothing arrangement to derive the average D.C. value of this train. The potentiometer 45 is connected to control the base bias of the output transistor.