Patent GB-466639-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to concrete and hydraulic cement
IPC: C04B24/18
Filed: 1936-07-23
Abstract: A water-soluble derivative of lignin is added to a hydraulic cement-aggregate-water concrete mix, or to powdered hydraulic cement or in solution in water to the clinker as it enters the Hercules or Compeb mills, or to the partially-ground clinker, in an amount effective to peptize and disperse the cement particles uniformly through out the concrete mix.  Generally, not more than 2 parts of lignin derivative are added to 1000 parts of cement. The derivative may be tricalcium lignin sulphonate; lignin salts formed by replacing all or part of the combined calcium in the said sulphonate by hydrogen, alkali metals or ammonia, or by treating the said sulphonate with hydrochloric, sulphuric or carbonic acid; salts of lignin disulphonate (the latter may be made by treating the mono-sulphonate with sulphur dioxide); sodium lignate separated from black liquor and purified; the "sodium salt" of the condensation product of lignin and (1) glycerol monochlorhydrin, or (2) ethylene glycol; chlorolignin; or phenol derivatives of lignin.  The first - mentioned "sodium salt" may be made by heating together glycerol alpha monochlorhydrin, spruce dust and 20 DEG  B<\>ae. hydrochloric acid at 100 DEG  C. for 1--2 hours, stirring the filtrate into cold water, and dissolving the resulting precipitate in sodium hydroxide. The second "sodium salt" is made in the same way, using ethylene glycol instead of glycerol alpha monochlorhydrin.  Chlorolignin is made by passing chlorine gas for 1--2 hours through a mass of wet sawdust, filtering and boiling the soluble portion, and making it just neutral to phenolphthalein.  The sodium salt of lignin phenol may be made by heating together spruce dust, phenol and concentrated hydrochloric acid at 100 DEG  C. for 1--2 hours, filtering the liquid, and steam-distilling the filtrate at 140--170 DEG  C. to remove the excess phenol, leaving a dark liquid residue, which becomes solid on cooling.  This solid residue contains both alpha and beta lignin phenol, one of which is soluble in ether; both when dissolved in sodium hydroxide, act as peptizing agents for cement. Specifications 244,603, [Class 22], and 431,679 are referred to.ALSO:A water-soluble derivative of lignin is added to a hydraulic cement-aggregate-water concrete mix, or to powdered hydraulic cement or in solution in water to the clinker as it enters the Hercules or Compeb mills, or to the partially-ground clinker, in an amount effective to peptize and disperse the cement particles uniformly throughout the concrete mix.  Generally, not more than 2 parts of lignin derivative are added to 1000 parts of cement.  The derivative may be tricalcium lignin sulphonate; lignin salts formed by replacing all or part of the combined calcium in the said sulphonate, by hydrogen, alkali metals or ammonia, or by treating the said sulphonate with hydrochloric, sulphuric or carbonic acid; salts of lignin disulphonate (the latter may be made by treating the above-mentioned sulphonate with sulphur dioxide); sodium lignate separated from "black liquor" and purified; the sodium salt of the condensation product of lignin and ethylene glycol; chlorolignin; or phenol derivatives of lignin.  Specifications 244,603, [Class 22], and 431,679 are referred to.ALSO:A water-soluble derivative of lignin is added to a hydraulic cement-aggregate-water concrete mix, or to powdered hydraulic cement or in solution in water to the clinker as it enters the Hercules or Compeb mills, or to the partially-ground clinker, in an amount effective to peptize and disperse the cement particles uniformly throughout the concrete mix.  Generally, not more than 2 parts of lignin derivative are added to 1000 parts of cement. The derivative may be tricalcium lignin sulphonate; lignin salts formed by replacing all or part of the combined calcium in the said sulphonate by hydrogen, alkali metals or ammonia, or by treating the said sulphonate with hydrochloric, sulphuric or carbonic acid; salts of lignin disulphonate (the latter may be made by treating the above mentioned sulphonate with sulphur dioxide); sodium lignate separated from black liquor and purified; the sodium salt of the condensation product of lignin and ethylene glycol; chlorolignin; or phenol derivatives of lignin. Specifications 244,603, [Class 22], and 431,679 are referred to.