baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-901183-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to diaphragm valves
Inventor: PRICE RICHARD HECTOR
IPC: F16K7/12
Filed: 1957-11-08
Abstract: <PICT:0901183/C3/1> <PICT:0901183/C3/2> An edible hyaloid or translucent food casing comprises cohered collagen fibrils and substantially no collagen fibres. The food casing may also comprise dispersed droplets of fat and, if desired, 10 to 20% by weight of cellulosic fibres such as wood fibres. The casing may be tubular and may be shirred. It may be filled with sausage meat to yield sausages. Alternatively, the casing may be in the form of a sheet or film. In producing tubular food casings according to the invention, comminuted hide, e.g. unlimed cow hide, is made to swell in an aqueous solution of a non-toxic acid, such as lactic acid, until the sheaths surrounding the collagen fibrils are ruptured and swollen collagen fibrils are liberated. The amount of collagen tissue dry solids in the non-toxic aqueous acid may range between 2.5 and 6% by weight. A pump 91, Fig. 1, forces the resulting slurry of collagen fibrils through a filter 93 and an extruder 90, from which the extruded casing is passed upwardly through a vertical column 95 containing a strong coagulating solution, e.g. a 42% solution of ammonium sulphate in water maintained at a temperature below 25 DEG  C. and pH 7 by adding ammonium hydroxide. The casing is pulled out of the column by a rotating roller 87 and perforated, e.g. at 2-inch intervals, by needles 30 on a rotating wheel 31, and is then passed through a similar strong coagulating solution in a tank 88. The strong ammonium sulphate solutions render the collagen fibrils unswollen. The casing is next passed through a more dilute, e.g. 4 to 10% solution of ammonium sulphate in a tank 103 and then through a hardening solution, e.g. an aqueous solution containing 12% by weight of ammonium alum, 8% of ammonium sulphate and 2.8% of citric acid maintained at pH 4.3, in a tank 21, Fig. 2. The hardened casing is passed through washing water in compartments 105, 106 and 107 of a tank 104 and through a plasticizing solution, e.g. a 6% solution of glycerine in water, in an adjoining tank 109. The plasticized casing passes, between rollers 116, into a drying chamber 115 and emerges therefrom, between rollers 117, to be wound on a take-up reel 124. In the drying chamber, the casing is dried in warm air, e.g. at 60 DEG  to 70 DEG C., supplied through a pipe 118 and the part of the perforated casing between the rollers 116 and 117 is kept inflated with air.  The casing may be cured at 80 DEG  C. and 20-30% relative humidity for 24 hours, re-humidified in air at room temperature and humidity, e.g. 75% relative humidity, and packed in hermetically sealed containers made of metal or other serviceable foil.  If a small amount of formaldehyde is added to the hardening or plasticizing solutions, the heat-curing treatment may be omitted. Carboxymethyl cellulose and/or egg white may be added to the glycerine used for plasticizing the casing.
Patent GB-1393053-A (GB)
Title: Catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides
IPC: B01J29/06
Filed: 1973-07-23
Abstract: 1393053 Reducing NO x  in waste gases to N 2  and/or N 2 O UNITED STATES ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION 23 July 1973 [30 Aug 1972] 34970/73 Heading C1A NO x  in waste gas streams are removed by mixing with a reducing gas, preferably ammonia and passing the combined gas stream preferably at 200-550‹ C. over a zeolite catalyst having a pore size of 3-10 Š wherein the NO x  (mainly NO 2 ) are reduced by the ammonia to elemental nitrogen and/or innocuous N 2 O. Preferred zeolites are the Na type x faujasite, synthetic mordenite or Ag exchanged type x zeolite.
Patent GB-648293-A (GB)
Title: Methods of and apparatus for utilization of the thermal energy released in the course of atomic decompositions
IPC: G21C3/64
Filed: 1947-12-31
Abstract: An alloy for use as a heat-vehicle in a nuclear reactor comprises 43 per cent lead and 57 per cent bismuth.  It is stated to have fusion and boiling temperatures of 115 DEG C. and 1500 DEG C, and that it does not corrode iron and steel, even at very high temperatures.
Patent GB-1094977-A (GB)
Title: Oxadiazolone compounds
Inventor: BOESCH ROGER
IPC: C07D271/113
Filed: 1965-08-16
Abstract: The invention comprises compounds of the general formula <FORM:1094977/C2/1> wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, a phenyl group which may carry a halogen atom or an alkyl, alkoxy or hydroxyl substituent, an aralkyl group containing 7 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms, a five- or six-membered heterocyclyl group with one or more hetero atoms selected from oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen, or a cyano, alkoxy, alkyl, thio, alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbamoyl, alkanesulphonyl or alkanesulphonylalkyl group and the group <FORM:1094977/C2/2> represents phenyl or phenyl carrying at least one substituent selected from halogen atoms and alkyl, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkylthio, alkenylthio, trifluoromethyl, cyano and dialkylamino groups.  Such compounds are obtained by the reaction of appropriate phenyl isocyanates and oxadiazolones.  Examples are furnished and many products specified.  The compounds of the invention are employed as active ingredients in fungicidal compositions (see Division A5).ALSO:Fungicidal compositions comprise as active ingredient a compound of the general formula <FORM:1094977/A5-A6/1> wherein R represents a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group, a phenyl group which may carry a halogen atom or an alkyl, alkoxy or hydroxyl substituent, an aralkyl group containing 7-12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms, a five- or six-membered heterocyclyl group with one or more hetero atoms selected from oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen or a cyano, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbamoyl, alkanesulphonyl or alkane sulphonylalkyl and the group <FORM:1094977/A5-A6/2> represents phenyl or a phenyl carrying at least one substituent selected from halogen atoms, and alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkylthio, trifluoromethyl, cyano and dialkylamino groups in association with one or more diluents compatible with the oxadiazolone and suitable for use in agricultural fungicidal compositions.  Many liquid and solid diluents are specified. Examples are furnished.
Patent GB-813900-A (GB)
Title: Sulphomethylcelluloses
IPC: B01J39/22
Filed: 1957-11-11
Abstract: Sulphomethyl celluloses are described.  The degree of substitution of sulphomethyl groups may be from 0.03-0.1 groups per anhydroglucose unit, such a product being substantially insoluble in water, or from 0.1-1.0, this type of product being more or less water-soluble, solubility increasing with the degree of substitution.  Sulphomethyl cellulose may be made by reacting an alkali cellulose, particularly soda cellulose, with a halomethane sulphonic acid (especially the chloro-, but bromo- or iodomethane sulphonic acid may also be used) or a water-soluble salt thereof (especially the sodium salt, but the potassium or ammonium salt may also be used).  In the preferred method, an alkali cellulose comprising 20-250 per cent by weight of alkali hydroxide and 80-350 per cent by weight of water, based on the weight of the cellulose, is reacted with a halomethane sulphonic acid (or its water-soluble salt) in an amount equivalent to 5-75 per cent by weight of chloromethane sulphonic acid, calculated on the same basis, at 60-130 DEG  C. for from 1-40 hours, until the required degree of substitution is attained.  Methanol or ethanol is added to the reaction mixture, which is then neutralized, e.g. with carbon dioxide or hydrochloric or acetic acid.  The product may be separated by filtration or centrifuging, and may, if water-insoluble, be washed with water, or, if water-soluble, with methanol or ethanol. Water-insoluble sulphomethyl celluloses may be used as cation-exchange media.  Water-soluble varieties are useful as thickening, binding, dispersing and emulsifying agents, e.g. as thickeners in rubber latex, and as binding agents for talc in the milling of raw rubber.ALSO:Sulphomethyl cellulose (see Group IV(a)) is used as an ingredient in mortars and concretes and as a plasticizer to improve tile and mosaic compounds.ALSO:Sulphomethylcellulose (see Group IV (a)) is used as a thickener in food preparations and as a binding agent for tobacco sheets used as wrapper leaves in cigar manufacture.
Patent GB-819322-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the preparation of an anti-hog cholera product
Inventor: JR MARK EMORY DAVENPORT
IPC: C07K16/10
Filed: 1956-11-16
Abstract: An anti-hog cholera product is produced by inoculating a hog cholera immune hog with hog cholera virus in a total amount equivalent to not more than 4.5 c.c. of hog cholera infected blood, that is, blood, or defibrated blood made up to its original volume with 5 per cent aqueous phenol solution, taken from pigs which are exposed to and effected by hog cholera virus, per pound of hog body weight, to hyperimmunize the hog, withdrawing blood from the hog, defibrinating said blood, removing the stroma therefrom to obtain a hyperimmunized serum, and separating therefrom, by chemical fractionation, a fraction consisting principally of serum globulins and hog cholera anti-bodies.  The defibrination of the blood may be produced by stirring, and the h moglobin and cellular debris may be removed by centrifuging or filtering after the addition of a rouleauxing agent, e.g. jack bean extract, and a saturated solution of sodium chloride. The serum may be fractionated by adjusting to a pH of from 6.7 to 7.1 and to an alcohol concentration, e.g. of methanol or ethanol, of from 18 to 30 per cent by volume; by adjusting to a pH of from 4.8 to 6.0 and heating to 40 DEG  to 65 DEG  C. to coagulate the globulins and separating the coagulant as described in U.S.A.  Specification 2,785,105; or by addition of a precipitating agent, e.g. ammonium sulphate or heavy metal ions.  The defibrinated serum prior to fractionation, may be pasteurized and mixed with a preservative, e.g. phenol.
Patent GB-1319646-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for separating a flat article from a stack thereof
IPC: B65H3/28
Filed: 1970-07-21
Abstract: 1319646 Feeding sheets FERAG FEHR & REIST AG 21 July 1970 [24 July 1969] 35224/70 Heading B8R An apparatus for separating articles, e.g. individual sheets or folded or bound printed products, from a pile 1 comprises at least one separating element 42 having a leading edge disposed above the lowermost surface of the lowermost article and a trailing edge below said surface, e.g. a pointed rotary vane 43 having a surface shaped as part of a helix, the element 42 being drivable in a plane substantially parallel to the articles to displace a portion of said lowermost article and insert it into an aperture adapted to be moved relative to the pile 1 to feed the article therethrough. For separation of folded or bound products the pile is located by adjustable stops 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and rests on coplanar discs 3, 4 mounted on oppositely rotatable shafts 12, 11, each disc having a substantially radial aperture 34, 39 respectively, aperture 34 leading aperture 39 slightly upon disc rotation. A single separating vane 43 is vertically adjustably mounted on shaft 12 such that on rotation of the discs 3, 4, its point 44, which projects above disc 3, enters between the sheets of the lowermost product near the folded or bound edge, the helical surface of the vane then urging the comer of the product downwardly so that it passes through the aperture 34 of the rotating disc 3, and is bent further downwardly as the edge 35 of the aperture travels between the lowermost product and the remainder of the pile, the product thus being urged through the aperture 39 of disc 4. The product separated in this way from the bottom of the pile 1 falls to form an overlapping stream on a conveyer band. Alternatively, each disc may have two apertures and two separating vanes or three of each, to separate two or three products per revolution. The edges (67), Fig. 13 (not shown), of the apertures may be substantially convex and sharpened and the edges (69) concave. For sheet separation, Fig. 18, a pile supporting disc 79 has an aperture 83 with a recess 92 at its end, associated with suction openings 93 which cause the sheet edge to bend below the point 89 of a separating vane 88, the sheet then being urged through aperture 83 as before. The point 89 need not project from the disc surface in this case.
Patent GB-168292-A (GB)
Title: A pneumatic toy
IPC: A63H27/10
Filed: 1920-12-15
Abstract: 168,292. Schmidt, T. S. D. Aug. 21, 1920, [Convention date], Pneumatic toys. - An inflatable bladder of rubber &c. is tied to a sleeve b so as to form two chambers c, d of unequal size. The chamber d has designs on its surface such as human faces, animals, &c., or has pieces representing noses, ears, &c. attached to it. The sleeve b is formed with necks f to receive strips g of rubber forming squeakers. On compressing the part c the part d is expanded.
Patent GB-1115723-A (GB)
Title: Process of making sheet metal
Inventor: SWEET ROGER GEORGE
IPC: B22F3/18
Filed: 1965-08-17
Abstract: <PICT:1115723/C6-C7/1> A sintered sheet or strip of metal e.g. Ni, W, Fe, Cu-Zn, Zn, Cu-Ni or brass is made from a slurry of the metal powder and a liquid solution of a thermoplastic binder in a volatile solvent, the slurry being applied to a flat surface as a thin layer which is heated to evaporate the solvent and form a self supporting sheet which is then sintered in a non-oxidizing atmosphere.  The plastic binder may be polystyrene or polyisobutylene and the solvent may be alcohol, benzene, toluene, xylene, naphtha, gasoline, paraffin hydrocarbons. The preferred solution comprises polyisobutylene with an average molecule weight of 200,000-300,000 in 20-25 parts by weight of naptha. The metal powders 1-100 microns in size with an average size of 7 microns form up to 130 parts by weight of the slurry to 1 part of plastic. As shown in the Figure the slurry is formed in container 10 and is distributed on an endless belt 24 of stainless steel or copper nickel and the solvent is evaporated in furnace 30.  The sheet 37 formed passes via cold rolls 36 on belt 40 through sintering furnace 38 and after cooling is cold rolled at 50 and coiled at 54.  The process may also be used for cladding whereby a preformed metal sheet is coated with either the slurry or the plastic metal sheet and then rolled and sintered.
Patent GB-1199282-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electron irradiation apparatus
Inventor: MCCANN JOHN DAVID
IPC: H01J33/00
Filed: 1966-08-08
Abstract: 1,199,282. Electron beam irradiation apparatus. UNITED KINGDOM ATOMIC ENERGY AUTHORITY. 4 Aug., 1967 [8 Aug., 1966 (2)], Nos. 35467/66 and 35475/66. Heading H1D. [Also in Division B2] Electron beam irradiation apparatus comprises an elongate cathode 1, Fig. 1, arranged within a focussing electrode 2 opposite an anode 17 and an electron permeable window 15 of aluminium/magnesium alloy. The cathode is preferably a tantalum wire connected at its mid-point to a copper lead 5 extending to a terminal 6, and connected at its ends to the stainless steel focussing electrode 2. The cathode may be heated by an A.C. supply connected between terminals 6 and 10; a high voltage D.C. supply is connected between one of these terminals and the earthed anode 17, and oil 13 provides insulation and cooling. The cathode 1 may comprise several lengths of wire in series supported from insulated supports on the electrode 2 (Fig. 3, not shown). The system may include a further anode (Fig. 4, not shown) to distribute the high voltage gradient. A. plurality of cathodes may be arranged side by side each within a groove in a common focussing electrode (Fig. 5, not shown). In a modification of this arrangement, (Fig. 6, not shown) the common focussing electrode is semi-cylindrical and the cathodes share a common lead-in connection; a conveyer belt passes along the axis of the semi-cylinder. In another arrangement, (Fig. 8, not shown), the focussing electrode 2 is cylindrical and a plurality of cathodes are arranged in rows of grooves each extending through 100 degrees around the inner surface of the cylinder; three cylindrical anodes, each with slits corresponding to the cathode, are concentrically arranged within the focusing electrode cylinder between the latter and the cylindrical inner envelope member. The apparatus may be used for curing paint.
Patent GB-337625-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in traps or sealing devices for sanitary conduits
IPC: E03C1/294
Filed: 1929-11-20
Abstract: 337,625. Briggs, Nov. 20, 1929. Traps.- A trap for sanitary conducts comprises an airtight chambÞr d enclosing the open ends .of two pipes a, b, the end of the discharge tube b, which is shaped like an inverted J, being situated above the end of the pipe a. After the flush has ceased water is withdrawn from the chamber to a level somewhat above the mouth of the pipe b, the partial vacuum thus produced assisting to maintain the seal. The chamber d may enclose most of the bend of the pipe b or may accommodate only the ends of the pipes a, b, the mouth and nose of the chamber being shaped to receive them. The tube a may be straight or of J-shape and a cleaning cap l is also provided.
Patent GB-1116643-A (GB)
Title: Process for the production of hollow articles
IPC: B29C33/52
Filed: 1965-08-18
Abstract: 1,116,643. Sintered hollow articles; inflatable core mould. MONTECATINI EDISON S.p.A. 18 Aug., 1965 [18 Aug., 1964], No. 35508/65. Heading B5A. In the production of hollow articles, a powdered sinterable material e.g. polytetrafluoroethylene, is held between the inner walls of a rigid mould and the outer walls of an elastic counter-mould of thermoplastic material, and the powder is then compressed by expansion of the counter-mould by passing thereinto fluid under superatmospheric pressure, causing agglomeration of the powder. The countermould and agglomerated preform are removed from the rigid mould, heated whereby the counter-mould may be removed from the preform either manually after softening or by melting, and the preform is then sintered. The powder may be of size 30-625 preferably 50- 625 mesh A.S.T.M., and may be mixed with metal powder, glassfibre or graphite. The counter-mould may apply a pressure of 50- 350 atm., e.g. 100-300 atm., preferably 240- 260 atm., for a period of 0À5 to 5À0 min., preferably 1-2 min. and may be made of thermoplastics material which has a melting-pt. between 100 and 170 C., and which may be plasticized or unplasticized polyethylene or a polyvinyl chloride. The sintering temperature may be 300-400 C., preferably 360-380 C. Tapering hollow bodies may be made having an opening at the narrower end. The apparatus consists of an outer rigid casing having a plugged opening to hold the counter-mould edges against the outer casing, the plug being bored for the passage of fluid. The inner surface of the outer casing may be in 3 pieces: a tapering piece nearest the opening, a cylindrical piece attachable thereto, and a lid attachable to the cylindrical piece.
Patent GB-1141394-A (GB)
Title: Slubbed filaments and process for the preparation thereof
IPC: D02J1/22
Filed: 1966-08-09
Abstract: 1,141,394. Melt spinning slubbed filaments. TOYO RAYON K.K. 9 Aug., 1966 [9 Aug., 1965; 15 Nov., 1965; 22 July, 1966], No. 35661/66. Heading B5B. Slubbed drawn filaments of a melt-spinnable organic synthetic polymer are characterized in that the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the parts (P) of the filaments between the slubs to that of the slubs (Q) is within the range 1: 2 to 1: 15, preferably within the range 1 :4 to 1:10, and the frequency of the slubs is at least one and preferably 2 per 30 mm. length of the filament, said cross-sectional configuration occurring continuously along the length of the filament. The polymer may be a synthetic homopolyamide, a copolyamide, consisting chiefly of polyamide units or a blend of a polyamide with another polymer, the polyamide component predominating. The polymer may be a polyhexamethylene adipamide or a polycaprolactam, the relative viscosities of the polymers at 25‹ C., measured in 98% by weight sulphuric acid being 2À2 to 6À0 and 2 to 9 respectively. The slubbed filaments may be made by meltspinning the polymer under such conditions that the shear stress to which the melt is subjected during its passage through the or each spinneret orifice is such as to cause the formation of melt fracture, the cooling and solidification of the molten extruded filaments being effected by means of a gaseous cooling medium under non-quenching conditions, and subsequently drawing the filaments. The polymer used may be polyhexamethylene adipamide (nylon-6, 6) having a relative viscosity, # r  (measured at 25‹ C. in sulphuric acid of 98% by weight concentration) of from 2À2 to 6À0 and the melt spinning conditions may be such as to exert a shear stress within the range defined by the formula 10<SP>7.5</SP>/#r<SP>1.8</SP>##w#10<SP>6.7</SP>#r<SP>0.87</SP> in which # w ) represents the shear stress (dynes/cm.<SP>2</SP>). Alternatively the polymer used may be polycaprolactam having a relative viscosity of 2-9, and the melt spinning conditions may be such as to exert a shear stress within the range defined by the formula 10<SP>7.7</SP>/#r<SP>1.8</SP>## w #2 x 10<SP>7</SP>.
Patent GB-863401-A (GB)
Title: Limiting device for servo-operated craft controls
IPC: G05D1/00
Filed: 1958-11-06
Abstract: 863,401. Automatic steering control systems. BENDIX CORPORATION. Nov. 6, 1958 [Nov. 18, 1957], No. 35694/58. Class 38 (4). The maximum torque or force of a servomotor controlling the motion of a craft is automatically varied inversely as the acceleration of the craft. In Fig. 1 a control surface 7 of a craft is positioned by a two-phase servomotor 1 one phase winding 5 of which is energized in dependence on signals from an automatic pilot (not shown), the other phase winding 3 being energized from an A.C. source E AC  in series with saturable reactors 127. The energization of control windings 123 of saturable reactors 127 is controlled through amplifier-rectifiers 131 by signals from A.C. pick-offs 101 associated with identical accelerometers 105 so that upon acceleration of the craft the impedance of reactors 127 is increased to reduce the maximum torque available from servomotor 1. Incorrect operation of either accelerometer is detected by comparing the voltages across reactors 127 through double-wound transformers 11, 13 so that any difference causes energization of control windings 27, 29 of a saturable reactor 30 to increase its impedance and hence reduce the output voltage from a rectifier 47 available at a terminal 40. Such a reduction de-energizes relays (not shown) to disengage the automatic pilot and operate an alarm, the latter remaining in operation until stopped manually. In a modification, the accelerometers have potentiometer pick-offs, that associated with one accelerometer controlling the maximum torque of the servomotor while that associated with the other accelerometer is used for comparing the operation of the two accelerometers.