Patent GB-651453-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in signalling system and apparatus
IPC: G01S13/78
Filed: 1946-09-16
Abstract: 651,453. Electric selective signalling. RAYTHEON MANUFACTURING CO. Sept. 16, 1946, No. 27699. Convention date, Sept. 29, 1945. [Class 40 (i)] [Also in Groups XL (b) and XL (c)] An interrogator-responder system comprises a radar transmitter which periodically transmits a group of pulses the spacings of which are arranged according to a predetermined code, and a responder receiving the said signals such that it transmits a response signal which may also be coded, preferably according to a different code, only upon the receipt of signals arranged according to the first code. When the response signal is also coded the receiver associated with the radar transmitter applies only those received signals arranged according to the second code to an indicator, which may be a cathode-ray tube. The output of a blocking oscillator pulse generator is applied to the magneto-strictive coding device. This comprises a permanent magnet 21 surrounded by a nickel tube 20 along which the magnetic flux passes. A metallic cylinder 24 has a plurality of radial slots cut in it, each of which contains a coil, the coils consequently being both magnetically and electrostatically shielded from one another. The initiating pulse is applied to the coil 26a which, by magnetostriction, produces in the tube 20 a mechanical pulse which spreads outwards along the tube and is finally absorbed by the semi-elastic .material 29 terminating the tube 20 in its characteristic acoustic impedance. As the pulse passes each of the coils a voltage pulse is induced therein, corresponding coils on opposite sides of the central coil being connected together in series to provide a double-amplitude signal. The outputs from each pair of coils are taken to a selector switch arrangement the setting of which determines which pulses are transmitted in the coded group. At the receiver on the responder beacon a similar magnetostrictive device is provided. The received signals are applied to a central initiating coil and those coils corresponding to elements of the code are arranged to supply a negative output pulse. Those coils not having a corresponding element in the code are arrayed to supply a positive output pulse. These output pulses are applied through and inverted by respective amplifiers having a common anode circuit to the grid of a final valve which is normally cut-off. It will be seen that at a certain instant the coils corresponding to elements of the code will all deliver a pulse, the combined effect of which will be sufficient to overcome the bias on the final valve which consequently conducts and provides a pulse signal. Should, however, additional pulse signals inappropriate to the code be received positive output pulses will also be supplied by certain of the coils with the result that the bias on the final valve will not be overcome. The output of the final valve is used to initiate another coded group which is retransmitted to the radar station where it is received by a co-operating receiver and used to initiate a response upon the cathode-ray tube indicator. The coding and de-coding devices may alternatively be piezo-electrically operated, or they may comprise electric delay-lines. In the case where the coded pulse train comprises a double pulse only, the coding device may comprise simply a single coil and a line only one end of which is terminated in its acoustic impedance, the other end being free. The reflected pulse from the free end is picked up by the coil a predetermined time after the application of the pulse thereto ; this time may be varied by adjusting the position of the coil along the line.