Patent GB-823653-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to detergent compositions and salts used therein
IPC: C11D3/06
Filed: 1957-10-14
Abstract: A crystalline plasticizable complex of (a) MxH5-xP3O10, where M is Na and/or K and x is from 4-5; and (b) M2SO4 having an X-ray diffraction pattern different from those of the constituent salts and suitable for use in a milled anionic synthetic organic sulphonate or sulphate salt detergent composition, is prepared by drying within a period of not more than 5 mins. an aqueous mixture containing 5-40% by weight of the constituents (a) and (b).  One or more sulphonate and/or sulphate may be present during the preparation, in which case a coherent mechanically worked composition may be prepared from an aqueous mixture containing 10-50% of total solids of water-soluble sulphonate or sulphate and 30-70% of constituents (a) and (b) in the molar ratio a/b of 1/2 to 1/4 , the water content being such that said constituents are in solution, drying (e.g. spray or roll drying) and mechanically working at 50-175 DEG F. and an initial water content of 2-12%, e.g. by means of milling rolls, repeated extrusion or working by means of pin-barrel plodders or twin screw kneading machines.  The initial mixture may be prepared by crutching, preferably with warming to 70-180 DEG F.; the mixture may then be roll-dried, e.g. using a steam pressure of 12-30 p.s.i.g. (244-274 DEG F.) or spray dried, preferably with an exit temperature of 200-275 DEG F. (the dry complex is unstable above 425 DEG F.); the product may then be stored for subsequent mechanical working or continuously fed to the mechanical working equipment after adjustment of the water content and temperature; the stored or directly produced material is preferably double milled using rolls at 110-130 DEG F. or using the first rolls at up to 175 DEG F. if the second rolls give sufficient cooling by a temperature as low as 50 DEG F., or if the material is first plodded a single roll may be used.  Water-soluble salts of one or more of the following materials are referred to as detergents: higher alkylated benzene sulphonic acids (sulphonic acid derived from the condensation product of benzene and either a chlorinated 12-C kerosene fraction or polypropylenes having 9-15 carbon atoms), higher mono fatty acid esters of 1 : 2-dihydroxypropane-3-sulphonic acid (coconut oil fatty acid monoester of said acid), higher fatty acid monoesters of lower molecular weight hydroxy alkyl sulphonic acids (oleic ester of isethionic acid), higher fatty acid amides of lower molecular weight alkyl sulphonic acids (oleic acid amide of N-methyl taurine), higher alcohol esters of sulphocarboxylic acids (lauryl alcohol ester of sulphoacetic acid) ethers of high molecular weight alcohols and lower hydroxy sulphonic acids (monolauryl ether of 1 : 2-dihydroxy propane-3-sulphonic acid), C10-18 alkyl glyceryl ether sulphonic acids (sulphonated reaction product of reacting epichlorhydrin and coconut fatty alcohols), sulphuric acid esters (esters of normal primary C12-18 aliphatic alcohols such as lauryl or oleyl alcohol or alcohols obtained by reduction of coconut oils, palm kernel oil, sperm oil or tallow), sulphuric acid esters of higher fatty acid monoglycerides (coconut oil fatty acid monester of 1 : 2 - dihydroxypropane - 3 - sulphuric acid ester), sulphated higher fatty acid alkylolamides (sulphated coconut oil fatty acid ethanolamide) and higher alkyl polyethylene oxide sulphuric acid esters (sulphated reaction product of 3 mols. ethylene oxide and 1 mol. of the alcohols produced by reduction of C10-14 coconut oil fatty acids); the specified compounds are used as sodium or ammonium or substituted ammonium salts.  Alkali metal silicates, chlorides, carbonates, phosphates (meta-, pyro-, ortho-phosphate) and glycerol, carboxymethyl cellulose, organic suds builders (monoethanolamide of coconut oil fatty acids), tarnish inhibitors, fluorescent brightening agents, perfumes, colouring matter, and, if desired, soap, may also be present.  Examples refer to (1) crutching a 40% solution containing Na5P3O10, Na2SO4, sodium silicate, sodium chloride, the sulphated and neutralized product of reacting epichlorhydrin and coconut fatty alcohols, the sodium alkyl sulphate obtained from the alcohols produced by reducing tallow, the monoethanolamide of coconut oil fatty acids, the sodium soap derived from castor oil, and glycerol, roll drying the solution, extruding through a pellet-forming plodder, passing through a three roll milling device and the soformed sheets cut into ribbons and the ribbons to flakes; (2) crutching a 30% solution of Na5P3O10, Na2SO4, the same sulphonat and sulphate and the sodium soap obtained from castor oil, spray drying with an exit air temperature of 250 DEG F., adjusting to 110 DEG F. and passing through a three roll mill twice; the sheets are formed into flakes as before (3) a composition for similar treatment containing the sulphated and neutralized product of reduction of coconut oil fatty acid, the sodium salt of the sulphonic acid derived from the condensation product of benzene and C9-15 polypropylanes, Na4HP3O10, Na2SO4, coconut ethanolamide, sodium silicate and NaCl; (4) a composition for similar treatment containing the sulphonated and neutralized product of reaction between epichlorhydrin and coconut fatty alcohols, Na5P3O10, Na2SO4, NaCl, sodium salt of castor oil, coconut ethanolamide and glycerine.  The Na5P3O10 can be replaced by K5P3O10 and/or the Na2SO4 can be replaced by K2SO4.  The complex may be formed if desired by pouring a 40% solution of Na2SO4 + Na4HP2O10 (ratio 7:3) into a 5-20 fold larger volume of hot ethylene glycol so that the mixture has a final temperature of at least 230 DEG F.  By filtering rapidly hydrolysis is avoided.