Patent GB-1161916-A (GB)
Title: Monitoring of a Contaminant in a Liquid
Inventor: BARRETT SONJA IRENE
IPC: G01N33/18
Filed: 1967-05-26
Abstract: 1,161,916. Detecting contaminants in liquids. ESSO RESEARCH & ENG. CO. May 15, 1968 [May 26, 1967], No. 24592/67. Heading G1A. [Also in Division H5] The presence of a contaminant in a liquid, e.g. oil in water, is detected photo-electrically by irradiating the liquid with ultraviolet radiation and measuring both the fluorescent radiation produced by the contaminant and either the radiation transmitted or that scattered by the liquid-contaminant mixture. In an arrangement in which the fluorescent and the transmitted radiation are detected, Fig. 1, oil-water mixture flows into reservoir 12 through inlet 11. A rotating metal cone 12 homogenizes the mixture by breaking down the oil into small particles, before a jet of the mixture falls freely from orifice 13 to outlet 17. No deposition forms on the walls of tube 18. Ultraviolet radiation from lamp 20 irradiates the jet. Fluorescent radiation of visible wavelengths is detected by a photo-cell (25) mounted in orifice 23 which is 90 degrees displaced with respect to tube 19. A filter cuts out any ultraviolet before the radiation reaches the cell. A detector 26 receives ultraviolet radiation transmitted through the jet. This detector may be a fluorescent screen giving a visual indication of the transmitted light, or an ultraviolet-sensitive photo-cell. The intensity of the fluorescent radiation is dependent on the oil concentration. For low concentrations, the intensity is proportional to the latter. However, a critical concentration is reached after which the intensity decreases due to absorption of light by the oil particles and to quenching effects. The measurement of the transmitted light which decreases steadily with increasing contamination is used to determine whether the concentration is higher or lower than the critical concentration. An alarm bell may be actuated by the transmitted light measuring photo-cell 26 if a very high concentration (or deposition on its window) occurs. The apparatus may be used in automatic monitoring of the liquid mixture discharged from a ship's water ballast tank (28, Fig. 3 not shown). After oil has been separated from the mixture and prior to discharge into the sea, the mixture is tested with the apparatus of Fig. 1. Detection of contaminant by detectors (25, 26) is used to control a valve (32) to reroute some or all of the mixture back to the oil separator, or to a storage tank for further processing. In an apparatus in which the fluorescent and the scattered radiation are detected, Fig. 4 (not shown), the orifices 23, 22 carrying the detectors (25, 26) are both at right angles with respect to lamp tube 19 and are opposite one another. The scattered light increases with increasing contamination and can operate a warning device or help control valve (32) of Fig. 3. Alternatively, the orifices 23, 22 may be side by side or a single orifice with one detector is used, ultraviolet-transmitting and visible light-transmitting filters being alternately interposed in front of the photo-cell e.g. by being carried on a rotary disc. Signals are applied alternately to control valve (32) in the (Fig. 3) arrangement.