baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent AT-E217791-T1 (AT)
Inventor: BARTHELEMY PHILIPPE
IPC: A61K9/52
Filed: 1999-07-30
Granted: 2002-06-15
Abstract: The invention concerns a composition comprising a microemulsion forming system by contact with a hydrophilic phase brought, after ingestion, by the physiological fluid, said microemulsion forming system comprising: at least an active principle; a lipophilic phase; a surfactant (TA); a co-surfactant (CoTA) . The invention is characterized in that said composition further comprises an inert polymeric matrix which cannot be ionised at physiological pH, dispersed in the microemulsion forming system before ingestion, said polymeric matrix being capable, after ingestion, of forming on contacting the physiological fluid, a gelled polymeric matrix enabling to release by diffusion, in continuous and prolonged manner the already microemulsified active principle.
Patent AT-E317904-T1 (AT)
Inventor: LEI XINGEN
IPC: C12N15/09
Filed: 1999-06-23
Granted: 2006-03-15
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing a heterologous protein or polypeptide having phytase activity in a yeast system. The invention also provides proteins having phytase activity which have increased thermostability. Yeast strains which produce a heterologous phytase and the vectors used to produce the phytase are also provided.
Patent AT-E230233-T1 (AT)
Inventor: ELZENBECK MANFRED
IPC: A47C7/00
Filed: 1999-08-03
Granted: 2003-01-15
Abstract: Lounger beds have a lying surface made of a textile structure clamped into a frame to permit a division of the lying surface into areas with different tension. A textile structure with elastic threads is fastened to longitudinal spars of the frame. The top side, of the longitudinal space has a curved construction form supporting surfaces for the textile structure only in an exterior area. The longitudinal spars have receiving grooves only on the exterior side for the edge of the textile structure to be clamped in.
Patent AT-E267868-T1 (AT)
Inventor: HE TONG-CHUAN
IPC: C12N15/09
Filed: 1999-08-20
Granted: 2004-06-15
Abstract: The APC tumor suppressor protein binds to  beta -catenin, a protein recently shown to interact with Tcf/Lef transcription factors. Here, the gene encoding a Tcf family member that is expressed in colonic epithelium (hTcf-4) was cloned and characterized. hTcf-4 transactivates transcription only when associated with  beta -catenin. Nuclei of APC-/- colon carcinoma cells were found to contain a stable  beta -catenin-hTCF-4 complex that was constitutively active, as measured by transcription of a Tcf reporter gene. Reintroduction of APC removed  beta -catenin from hTcf4 and abrogated the transcriptional transactivation. Constitutive transcription of TCF target genes, caused by loss of APC function, may be a crucial event in the early transformation of colonic epithelium. It is also shown here that the products of mutant APC genes found in colorectal tumors are defective in regulating  beta -catenin/Tcf-4 transcriptional activation. Furthermore, colorectal tumors with intact APC genes were shown to contain subtle activating mutations of  beta -catenin that altered functionally significant phosphorylation sites. These results indicate that regulation of  beta -catenin is critical to APC's tumor suppressive effect and that this regulation can be circumvented by mutations in either APC or  beta -catenin.
Patent AT-E263405-T1 (AT)
Inventor: RUTTER NICHOLAS ALEXANDER
IPC: G01N27/00
Filed: 1999-10-07
Granted: 2004-04-15
Abstract: Provided is an alarm for detecting radiation, smoke and/or other air pollutants and includes detection means, first means for connection to a light fitting, and second means for connection to a light source. Electrical connection means connects the first means and the second means to enable the light source to be powered from the light fitting. In addition, a battery powers the alarm during periods of non-use of the light source, and isolating means thermally isolates the detection means from at least one of the electrical connection means, the light fitting and the light source.
Patent AT-E335864-T1 (AT)
Inventor: BENINI JOSEPH C
IPC: F42B5/00
Filed: 1999-04-22
Granted: 2006-09-15
Abstract: A frangible metal bullet, a method for making it, and ammunition made therefrom. The frangible metal bullet is formed from a mixture of metal particles and metal or metalloid binder forming material which is compacted into the desired shape, heated to a temperature above that needed to form at least one intermetallic compound but below the temperature of joining of the metal particles by sintering and below the temperature of formation of substantial amounts of a ductile alloy of the metal of the particles and the metal or metalloid binder forming material and then cooled. Such bullets have sufficient strength to maintain their integrity during firing but disintegrate into powder on impact and can be formulated to be lead-free.
Patent AT-E250776-T1 (AT)
Inventor: HINSLEY CHRISTOPHER ANDREW
IPC: G06F9/54
Filed: 1999-12-23
Granted: 2003-10-15
Abstract: A method of executing an object-oriented computer program comprises loading into the execution environment the selected methods that are to be run without necessarily loading the entirety of the class. In a multiprocessor environment, a server (410) maintains a store of processor-independent virtual processor tools (482). Individual tools may be transmitted as requested across a communications network (450) to individual clients (430,440), without any need to transmit the whole of the original class file (480). Each client carries a small processor-dependent native translator (424,425) with which it translates the downloaded processor-independent tool into native code. The invention finds particular application in embedded systems, and particularly in wireless client networks such as mobile phone networks.
Patent AT-E247039-T1 (AT)
Inventor: BOUGAMONT JEAN-LOUIS
IPC: B65D47/20
Filed: 1999-10-05
Granted: 2003-08-15
Abstract: The invention relates to a dispenser for dispensing viscous liquids, which dispenser is designed to be mounted on a container; said dispenser being characterized in that it comprises a bowl (1) whose bottom is provided with an inlet orifice (10) equipped with a valve (11), and whose top is closed off by a piston (2) that is urged back into its high position by a spring (3) and that co-operates with the inside wall of the bowl to define a metering chamber (12), the wall of said chamber including an annular zone, all or part of which is elastically deformable so as to act, under the effect of the pressure generated inside the chamber (12) to release a passageway (P) via which the liquid can be removed, which passageway opens out peripherally to the outside.
Patent AT-E286009-T1 (AT)
Inventor: KUNZ MARTIN
IPC: C06F3/04
Filed: 1999-09-02
Granted: 2005-01-15
Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing of matches and the like comprising a support material of bamboo and an ignitable part, especially a matchhead. The method involves the treatment of bamboo with suitable agents in order to alter the structure of the material to permit proper impregnation of the bamboo. The treatment of bamboo is preferably performed by a detergent solution and/or a solution of inorganic bases.
Patent DE-10803577-T1 (DE)
Title: Ester aus festen Polyolen und ungesättigten Carbonsäuren
Inventor: DAUTE PETER
IPC: C07C67/08
Filed: 2010-12-30
Abstract: Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Esters, mindestens basierend auf a. mindestens eine Alkoholkomponente, b. mindestens eine Carbonsäurekomponente, c. gegebenenfalls weitere Zusatzstoffe, und d. mindestens einen Katalysator als Verfahrenskomponenten, beinhaltend in einem Reaktor die Verfahrensschritte: i. Bereitstellen der Verfahrenskomponenten, ii. Umsetzen der Verfahrenskomponenten unter Erhalt eines Ester A, iii. Nachbehandeln des Ester A, wobei – die Alkoholkomponente mindestens ein bei 25°C festes Polyol, und – die Carbonsäurekomponente mindestens 50 Gew.-% von mindestens einer einfach oder mehrfach ungesättigten, aliphatischen Carbonsäure, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Carbonsäurekomponenten, beinhaltet, und wobei zumindest während eines Teils der Umsetzung am Reaktor ein Druck in einem Bereich von 2–600 mbar angelegt wird.
Patent DE-651846-T1 (DE)
Inventor: FIELD PETER H
IPC: E05B19/06
Filed: 1992-10-23
Abstract: A tumbler pin tip and key surface are configured so that when engaged, the tumbler pin tip fully and precisely seats in the key bitting, and thus is rotationally positioned at a predetermined location. The contacting surfaces are generally sloped from one edge of the tumbler (and key surface) to the other in tapered form and the sloping surface may be flat, concave, convex or a combination as disclosed.
Patent ES-2327381-T1 (ES)
Inventor: AMMANN KELLY
IPC: C12Q1/68
Filed: 1999-04-30
Abstract: An automated analyzer for performing multiple diagnostic assays simultaneously includes multiple stations, or modules, in which discrete aspects of the assay are performed on fluid samples contained in reaction receptacles. The analyzer includes stations for automatically preparing a specimen sample, incubating the sample at prescribed temperatures for prescribed periods, performing an analyte isolation procedure, and ascertaining the presence of a target analyte. An automated receptacle transporting system moves the reaction receptacles from one station to the next.; The analyzer further includes devices for carrying a plurality of specimen tubes and disposable pipette tips in a machine-accessible manner, a device for agitating containers of target capture reagents comprising suspensions of solid support material, and a device for holding containers of reagents in a temperature controlled environment. A method for performing an automated diagnostic assay includes an automated process for isolating and amplifying a target analyte.
Patent ES-2066750-T1 (ES)
Inventor: EVANS RONALD M
IPC: A61K31/19
Filed: 1992-12-18
Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided methods to modulate processes mediated by retinoid receptors, employing high affinity, high specifity ligands for such receptors. In one aspect of the present invention, there are provided ligands which are more selective for the retinoid X receptor than is retinoic acid (i.e., rexoids). In another aspect of the present invention, alternative ligands (other than retinoic acid) have been discovered which are capable of inducing retinoic acid receptor mediated processes. In yet another aspect, methods have been developed for the preparation of such retinoid receptor ligands from readily available compounds.
Patent CY-1108256-T1 (CY)
Title: Νεα παραγωγα κουιναζολινης
Inventor: HENNEQUIN LAURENT FRANCOIS ANDRE
IPC: A61P27/02
Filed: 2008-08-12
Abstract: Η εφεύρεση αναφέρεται σε παράγωγα κουιναζολίνης του τύπου (I) όπου το m είναι ένας ακέραιος από 1 έως 3· το R1 αντιπροσωπεύει αλογόνο ή C1-3αλκυλ∙ το Χ1 αντιπροσωπεύει -Ο-· το R2 επιλέγεται από μία από τις ακόλουθες τρεις ομάδες: 1) C1-5αλκυλR3 (όπου το R3 είναι πιπεριδιν-4-υλ το οποίο μπορεί να φέρει έναν ή δύο υποκατάστατες που επιλέγονται από υδροξυ, αλογόνο, C1-4αλκυλ, C1-4υδροξυαλκυλ και C1-4αλκοξυ· 2) C2-5αλκενυλR3 (όπου το R3 είναι όπως ορίστηκε παραπάνω)· 3) C2-5αλκυνυλR3 (όπου το R3 είναι όπως ορίστηκε παραπάνω)· και όπου οποιαδήποτε αλκυλ, αλκενυλ ή αλκυνυλ ομάδα μπορεί να φέρει έναν ή περισσότερους υποκατάστατες που επιλέγονται από υδροξυ, αλογόνο και αμινο· και άλατα αυτών· διαδικασίες για την παρασκευή τους, φαρμακευτικές συνθέσεις που περιέχουν μία ένωση του τύπου (I) ή ένα φαρμακευτικώς ανεκτό άλας αυτής ως δραστικό συστατικό. Οι ενώσεις του τύπου (I) και τα φαρμακευτικώς ανεκτά άλατα αυτών αναστέλλουν τις επιδράσεις του VEGF, μία σημαντική ιδιότητα για τη θεραπευτική αντιμετώπιση πολλών ασθενειών στις οποίες περιλαμβάνονται ο καρκίνος και η ρευματοειδής αρθρίτιδα.
Patent CY-1108701-T1 (CY)
Inventor: LIN RONG-HWA
IPC: A61K45/00
Filed: 2009-01-13
Abstract: Compounds that bind to P-Selectin Glycoprotein 1 (PSGL-1) on the surface of T cells or natural killer (NK) cells can be used to induce T cell or NK cell depletion and/or to induce T cell or NK cell apoptosis. The compounds and methods of the invention can be used to control unwanted T cell- or NK cell-mediated immune responses in conditions such as autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection, and allergic diseases.
Patent CY-1110963-T1 (CY)
Inventor: BASI GURIQ
IPC: C12N15/85
Filed: 2010-12-01
Abstract: The invention provides improved agents and methods for treatment of diseases associated with amyloid deposits of A² in the brain of a patient. Preferred agents include humanized antibodies.
Patent CY-1113048-T1 (CY)
Inventor: KUNG HANK F
IPC: C07D213/16
Filed: 2012-03-07
Abstract: This invention relates to a method of imaging amyloid deposits and to styrylpyridine compounds, and methods of making radiolabeled styrylpyridine compounds useful in imaging amyloid deposits. This invention also relates to compounds, and methods of making compounds for inhibiting the aggregation of amyloid proteins to form amyloid deposits, and a method of delivering a therapeutic agent to amyloid deposits.
Patent CY-1114359-T1 (CY)
Inventor: NAOE YOSHINORI
IPC: C07K11/02
Filed: 2013-09-09
Abstract: A compound of formula I:   
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with a topoisomerase II inhibitor, except amrubicin and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in treatment of cancer.
Patent CY-1124393-T1 (CY)
Title: Σταθεροποιημενο σκευασμα βιταμινης d τροποποιημενης απελευθερωσης και μεθοδος χορηγησης αυτου
Inventor: WHITE JAY A
IPC: A61K9/20
Filed: 2021-07-30
Abstract: Αποκαλύπτεται ένα σταθεροποιημένο σκεύασμα για ελεγχόμενη απελευθέρωση μιας ένωσης βιταμίνης D. Το σκεύασμα περιλαμβάνει μία ή αμφότερες από 25-υδροξυβιταμίνη D2 και 25-υδροξυβιταμίνη D3. Το σκεύασμα περαιτέρω περιλαμβάνει μία αποτελεσματική ποσότητα ενός παράγοντα σταθεροποίησης, και ένα δευτερεύον πρόσθετο που περιλαμβάνει μία ή περισσότερες ενώσεις από την ομάδα που αποτελείται από: άλατα ασβεστίου, διφωσφονικές ενώσεις, ασβεστιο-μιμητικά, νικοτινικό οξύ, σίδηρο, φωσφορικά συνδετικά μέσα, χοληκαλσιφερόλη, εργοκαλσιφερόλη, δραστικές στερόλες βιταμίνης D, παράγοντες γλυκαιμικού ελέγχου, παράγοντες ελέγχου υπέρτασης, διάφορους αντινεοπλασματικούς παράγοντες, και αναστολείς του CYP24, αναστολείς ενζύμων κυτοχρώματος Ρ450 που μπορούν να αποδομήσουν τους παράγοντες βιταμίνης D. Τα σταθεροποιημένα σκευάσματα επιδεικνύουν ένα σταθερό προφίλ διαλυτοποίησης μετά από έκθεση σε συνθήκες αποθήκευσης και επιδεικνύουν βελτιωμένες παραμέτρους φαρμακοκινητικής σε σύγκριση με μη σταθεροποιημένα σκευάσματα.
Patent CY-1124692-T1 (CY)
Title: Συσκευη για τη θεραπεια της παχυσαρκιας και της νοσου της παλινδρομησης
Inventor: FORSELL PETER
IPC: A61F5/00
Filed: 2021-11-04
Abstract: Η παρούσα εφεύρεση αναφέρεται σε μια συσκευή θεραπείας της νόσου της παλινδρόμησης, συσκευή, που περιλαμβάνει μια εμφυτεύσιμη συσκευή περιορισμού της κίνησης που διατηρεί την καρδία στη σωστή θέση και μια εμφυτεύσιμη συσκευή διέγερσης που είναι προσαρμοσμένη να εμπλέκεται με τον σφιγκτήρα της καρδίας ενός ασθενούς. Η εφεύρεση περιλαμβάνει επίσης μια συσκευή ελέγχου για τον έλεγχο της συσκευής διέγερσης ώστε να διεγείρει τον σφιγκτήρα της καρδίας. Η εφεύρεση μπορεί να συνδυαστεί με διάφορες μεθόδους για τη θεραπεία της παχυσαρκίας, ιδίως με μεθόδους που δημιουργούν κορεσμό με διάταση του τοιχώματος του στομάχου ή γεμίζοντας έναν όγκο του στομάχου.
Patent SI-1579081-T1 (SI)
Title: Improved element for forming ground covering, restraining and reinforcing structures
Inventor: FERRAIOLO FRANCESCO
IPC: E02D29/00
Filed: 2003-09-18
Abstract: An improved element for forming ground covering, restraining and reinforcing structures, comprising a lower wall, an upper wall and a front wall connected in an articulated manner, at one of its end edges at least, to an edge of the lower wall or the upper wall.
Patent SI-1765282-T1 (SI)
Title: Use of lactic acid bacteria for decreasing gum bleeding and reducing oral inflammation
Inventor: CONNOLLY EAMONN
IPC: A23L1/30
Filed: 2005-06-14
Abstract: The invention herein relates to the use of nonpathogenic, antiinflammatory and anti-bleeding lactic acid bacteria strains, and products and methods using such strains for treatment and prophylaxis of bleeding gum and gingivitis caused by oral inflammation.
Patent TR-201102178-T1 (TR)
Title: Parçalı stator.
Inventor: GEDIK HAKAN
IPC: H02K1/14
Filed: 2009-10-21
Abstract: Bu buluş, üst üste dizilen laminasyonlardan oluşan bir dış parça (2) ve dış 5 parçanın (2) içine eş merkezli olarak gruplanan bir iç parça (3), dış parçanın (2) ana gövdesini oluşturan silindirik yapıda bir boyunduruk (4), boyunduruğun (4) iç çevresi boyunca eşit aralıklarla sıralanan kutup çıkıntıları (5), kutup çıkıntılarına (5) yerleştirilen ana stator sargıları (7), iç parçanın (3) ana gövdesini oluşturan bir çekirdek (8), çekirdeğin (8) dış çevresi boyunca eşit aralıklarla sıralanan birincil 10 kutup çıkıntıları (5) ve ikincil kutup çıkıntılarına (105) yerleştirilen yardımcı stator sargılan (107) içeren, elektrik motorlarının sabit kısmını oluşturan bir stator (1) ile ilgilidir.
Patent DE-3780624-T2 (DE)
Inventor: PIGOZZI GABRIELE
IPC: G10D3/06
Filed: 1987-03-19
Granted: 1992-12-10
Abstract: A stringed musical instrument provided with a neck 1 and body 2 such as a guitar comprises a fingerboard 1a the frets 8 of which are retractable under the control of the player.
Patent DE-3781461-T2 (DE)
Inventor: ORY MICHEL PAUL
IPC: A61N1/06
Filed: 1987-06-03
Granted: 1993-04-08
Abstract: The device is characterised in that it comprises several electrodes (1) which are placed side by side and whose number and dimensions correspond to the part of the body (A) which is to be treated. These electrodes (1) are connected via a flexible conductor element (2) integral with a socket (3) designed to receive the conductor cable, and the assembly thus obtained is embedded in a flexible insulating material (4) capable of curving in order to adapt to the part of the body to be treated. <IMAGE>
Patent DE-3856031-T2 (DE)
Inventor: GANSER MARCO ALFREDO
IPC: F16K31/06
Filed: 1988-11-12
Granted: 1998-04-16
Abstract: The electromagnetically operated pilot valve (182) of an electrohydraulically actuated fuel injector is used to close and temporarily open the outlet side of an orifice (38) to close and temporarily open a hydraulically operated injector valve, depending upon electric pulses of a predetermined duration applied to a solenoid (172). In order to improve the controllability of injection events, it is important that the pilot valve (182) switch-over movement takes place as soon as possible after the end of an electric pulse. The closing bias of the pilot valve (182) is provided by a spring (196). To reduce the release time of the pilot valve (182), a stop member (184) placed coaxially to the stem (180) of the pilot valve (182) and protruding beyond the pole face (148, 150) of the solenoid (172) is provided.
Patent DE-3882614-T2 (DE)
Inventor: OXFORD ALEXANDER WILLIAM
IPC: A61P25/04
Filed: 1988-08-12
Granted: 1993-11-18
Abstract: Compounds are disclosed of formula (I) <CHEM>  wherein  R1 represents H or C1-6 alkyl;  R2 represents H or C1-6 alkyl;  R3 represents H;  R4 represents H or C1-3 alkyl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates (for example hydrates) thereof. The compounds are indicated as useful for the treatment of migraine, cluster headache, chronic paroxysmal hemicrania and headache associated with vascular disorders. Processes and intermediates for their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing them are also disclosed.
Patent TR-199802157-T2 (TR)
Inventor: HYLIN MATS
IPC: G03B21/00
Filed: 1997-04-23
Abstract: The display system has projectors (22) at a number of public places, e.g. railway stations. The projectors are connected and controlled by local computers (34,38) that are linked through a communication system, e.g. radio (14), to a central computer system (10). Projectors are many places of different types can be linked to this system. Also connected to the central system are information mediators (24). These may be advertisers or any other source requiring to present public displays. The information suppliers can be allowed to directly book dispaly time slots through the central computer which then organised the distribution of the display material.
Patent DE-60000313-T2 (DE)
Inventor: GARCIN PHILIPPE
IPC: A47B87/00
Filed: 2000-05-25
Granted: 2003-03-13
Abstract: The shaft (1) made from thin sheet steel has a channel cavity (13) for electrical cables. Brackets integral with the girder are fixed by screws (8,8',9,9') radially to the shaft wall. The shaft comprises a groove (7) in which each bracket fixing slides. The fixing screws pass beyond each groove to the outside of the shaft and are inserted in a bracket wall. In the unclamped position the screws cooperate with the bracket so as to allow its stable pre-positioning relative to the shaft.
Patent DE-60000736-T2 (DE)
Inventor: BOLDRINI ENRICO
IPC: A61P27/02
Filed: 2000-04-14
Granted: 2003-07-17
Abstract: Ophthalmic compositions able to reduce the impairments of the visual function (like halos, glare and reduction of the night and twilight vision) resulting from keratectomy operations carried out both with laser and by conventional techniques, from intraocular lens implantation (cataract surgery) and also resulting from various chronic pathologies affecting the anterior segment of the eyeball, such as the degenerations of the corneal tissue, which compositions contain one or more miotic agents, such as cholinomimetic active agents and cholinesterase inhibitors, in combination with one or more hypertonic agents, such as sulfacetamide and derivatives thereof, sodium chloride, glucose and glycerol.
Patent DE-60003722-T2 (DE)
Inventor: BARRUEL PIERRE
IPC: C08K5/544
Filed: 2000-12-22
Granted: 2004-06-03
Abstract: The invention relates first to compounds consisting essentially of a functionalised organosilane of formula (R1O)a(R2)3-aSiZ, wherein R1 and R2 are monovalent hydrocarbonated groups, a is a number chosen from 1, 2 and 3 and Z is a function containing an activated ethylenic double bond, chosen from the following:an ester-maleamic function and/or an ester-fumaramic function. The invention also relates to methods for producing said compounds, and to their use as white filler-elastomer coupling agents in rubber compositions containing a white filler, especially a siliceous white filler, as a reinforcing filler.
Patent DE-60005214-T2 (DE)
Inventor: HUGON ALAIN
IPC: A61L9/12
Filed: 2000-11-10
Granted: 2004-07-01
Abstract: According to the invention, the device for diffusing aromas comprises a bottle (10) containing the aromatic product (11) to be diffused in a liquid state, said bottle being removably mounted beneath a device body (1). Said body has an inner chamber (2) which communicates with said bottle (10) in the operating position; and horizontal entrance/exit channels (3, 4) which are connected to a pressurized air circuit which opens into said chamber. A diffusion screen (7) is arranged inside the inner chamber (2), perpendicularly to the axis of said horizontal passages, and a capillary element (6) connects the liquid (11) contained in the bottle (10) to said diffusion screen (7).
Patent DE-60006053-T2 (DE)
Inventor: MAIER THOMAS
IPC: C07D401/14
Filed: 2000-11-17
Granted: 2004-07-01
Abstract: The novel compounds of formula I: <CHEM>  wherein A has the meaning set forth in the description, and herbicidal compositions containing such compounds as active ingredients.
Patent DE-60011085-T2 (DE)
Inventor: KOISTINEN TOMMI
IPC: H04L12/64
Filed: 2000-07-06
Granted: 2005-05-25
Abstract: A transmitting/receiving arrangement, gateway and method for transmitting data over packet network, where a cellular network is connected to a packet network and uplink data frames which carry coded data and certain signaling information related to the coding are transmitted from the cellular network towards the packet network, wherein at least all non-redundant information from the uplink data frames is extracted from the frames and transmitted over the packet network. The gateway connects a packet network to a telephony network.