baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent ES-187621-A1 (ES)
Title: Perfeccionamientos en las ventanas con marco montado en un eje horizontal
Filed: 1949-03-22
Abstract: Perfeccionamientos en las ventanas con un marco montado en un eje medio horizontal que comprende un perfilado de metal doblado en forma de U con esquinas redondeadas y que constituye tres lados del marco con goznes montados aproximadamente en la parte media de las patas de la U y un perfilado unido a las extremidades de dichas patas que constituye el cuarto lado.
Patent ES-189348-A1 (ES)
Title: Un procedimiento para el tratamiento de las maderas
Filed: 1949-08-01
Abstract: Procedimiento para el tratamiento de las maderas para darles mayores compacidad y resistencia que consiste esencialemente en establecer por medios físicos químicos un relleno completo de los poros y partes huecas de las maderas con resinas sintéticas endurecidas por polimerización producido después de eliminar de las maderas el almidón los albuminoides y los coloides inadecuados y haber verificado su deshidratación llevándose a cabo tal tratamiento mediante la ejecución ordenada de las siguientes operaciones: a) se empieza por expulsar de la madera en tratamiento la savia de la misma sometiéndola para ello a la acción de l vapor. b) una vez eliminada la savia se somete la madera a una inmersión en un baño deshidratante de suficiente actividad para que extraiga de la misma los elementos amiláceos que contengan y los coloides nocivos semisolubles. c) la madera resultante de la operación que acaba de explicarse se somete a la acción de otro baño astringente en presencia de catalizadores apropiados a la clase de madera que se trate con lo cual al reducirse el volúmen corporal de las partes macizas de la madera aumenta la capacidad de los vasos de la misma estableciéndose con ello una constitución interna cavernosa. d) se efectúa un embebecido por la madera de tal modo preparada de una resina sintética adecuada al uso a que esté aquella destinada embebecido que se produce por absorción capilar o por impregnación en sumergimiento sin auxilio de presiones o depresiones auxiliares. e) estando la madera en las condiciones resultantes de la operación anterior o sea con sus vasos y cavernas rellenados por la resina sintética que haya penetrado en ellos se somete a una presión en frío la cual tiene por fin producir una conglomeración de la madera y las resinas en ellas incluidas que da lugar a una gran compacidad del material. f) el material compacto obtenido en el cual las resinas quedan no solo comprimidas entre la madera sono copuladas con ella se somete a la acción de una temepratura que produzca la polimerización lenta de dichas resinas en tal forma comprimidas resultando de ellos el endurecimiento de las mismas que da lugar a la compacidad y resistencia de la madera en tal forma tratada que la convertirá prácticamente en una materia dura insoluble e impermeable capaz de resistir notables esfuerzos.
Patent ES-194703-A1 (ES)
Title: UN PROCEDIMIENTO E INSTALACIoN PARA EL TRATAMIENTO DE LAS AGUAS DE ALBANALES
Filed: 1950-09-25
Abstract: Procedimiento de tratamiento de las aguas de albañales, caracterizado por el hecho de que se trituran y criban las materias arrastradas por dichas aguas, y luego se acumulan estas materias en espacios provistos al efecto.
Patent ES-251917-A1 (ES)
Title: Arc torch chemical reactions
IPC: C01B15/027
Filed: 1959-09-05
Abstract: <PICT:0925089/III/1> Endothermic reactions are effected by contacting the reactants with the wall-stabilized effluent from an electric arc. An arc gas, e.g. H2 or A, is introduced into the tapering bore 12 of cylindrical copper body 10 and passes through the plasma of the arc struck between stick cathode 16 and anode 18. The cathode may be tungsten-thorium alloy, and the anode may include preferential loose radial inserts 20, 21 of corrosion-resistant material, e.g. tungsten or tantalum, which operate as hot spots and reduce pitting of the anode surface. Body and anode may be water-cooled. The arc effluent passes down through stabilizing constricting passage 14 into reaction chamber 24 having communicating annular passage 26 for reactant introduction. The reaction chamber may be lined with carbon, tungsten, or zirconia, and may have annular cooling jacket 44. The reactant mixture passes from 24 to quenching chamber 32 for quenching medium, e.g. water, to be injected from communicating annular passage 34. In an alternative apparatus (Fig. 2 not shown), a shielding gas, e.g. A, He, or N2 is injected from a communicating annular passage into the effluent in the arc-constricting passage, primary and secondary anodes are provided separated by an insulating disc, and the effluent is passed through a liquid which acts simultaneously as reactant and quenching medium. In a further alternative (Fig. 3 not shown), the reactant is injected into the arc effluent as in Fig. 1 and the resulting mixture is passed into a quench liquid. It is also stated that a set of inlets for quenching gas may be provided between those for reactant and quenching fluids. The reactants may be preheated. The arc effluent may be used to treat hydrocarbons, e.g. methane, or kerosene, to produce acetylene or ethylene. After addition of O2, the arc effluent may be used to treat H2O to form H2O2. Treatment of kerosene after addition of nitrogen results in HCN. Specification 845,411 is referred to.
Patent ES-270241-A1 (ES)
Title: Direct current electroluminescent phosphor crystals, and direct current electroluminescent panels
IPC: H05B33/10
Filed: 1961-09-04
Abstract: A method of preparing D.C. electroluminescent phosphor crystals comprises applying stress to photofluorescent, substantially non-D.C. electroluminescent, triboluminescent phosphor crystals, the stress being insufficient to break the crystals but sufficient to extinguish the photofluorescent and triboluminescent properties of the crystals and to make them D.C. electroluminescent. The crystals can be embedded in a viscous film before being stressed and the film can be of a resin which is cured after the crystals have been stressed. The viscous film can contain an epoxy resin, a phenolic resin intermediate, and polyvinyl methyl ether in a weight ratio of about 56 : 32 : 12. The crystals can be sprayed into the film, the later-arriving crystals striking the embedded crystals and stressing them. Alternatively, the embedded crystals can be stressed by spraying them with hard particles which are of a material different from the crystals and which do not react with them, e.g. other phosphors, silicon dioxide, clays, nitrides, carbides and metal particles. In a further example the phosphor crystals, embedded in a resin film, are stressed by an electrical discharge apparatus, such as a Tesla coil. Other methods referred to are the use of ultrasonic waves, overlaying the film containing the crystals with a polymer film and passing a roller over its surface, placing a glass plate over the embedded crystals and applying an angular force, and incorporating the crystals in a vehicle to form a printing medium, the crystals being stressed while the medium is being printed on a substrate. Phosphors referred to are ZnS(Mn), ZnS(Mn, Cl), ZnS(Cu, Mn), ZnS(Pb, Mn), ZnCdS(Mn), ZnCdS(Cu, Mn) and ZnCdS(Pb, Mn). Some of these phosphors also contain KCl, ZnO and a trace of Si.
Patent ES-280851-A1 (ES)
Title: Heat exchanger
IPC: F28D17/02
Filed: 1962-09-17
Abstract: A heat exchanger comprises, a first housing 2 provided with external heat transfer surfaces 5 and containing a heat-storing mass 1 which is traversed alternately in one direction by a first heating medium and in the opposite direction by a second medium to be heated a second housing 6 surrounds housing 2 and is spaced from it to form an annular reflux channel 16 through which some of the medium having the higher thermal-capacity flow intensity is caused to flow in order to obtain thermal balance within the heat exchanger. Assuming that the thermal-capacity flow intensity of the hot medium flowing in at A is greater than that of the medium flowing in at B, then medium A gives up heat to the heat storing mass I during its passage. After passing through the mass, some of the medium A as it flows out through the duct 11 passes via valve 13 and duct 12, through the annular reflux channel 16 which it leaves by way of ducts 9. During this reflux the medium absorbs, through the helical wound copper wire 5 and the housing 2, part of the heat given up to the mass 1. When the colder medium passes through the heat exchanger, the valve 13 is closed, hence preventing flow through the reflux channel 16. The medium is heated by contact with the hot mass 1. The mass 1 consists of layers of metal gauze soldered to the inner side of housing 2. A modification employing valves operated by differential fluid pressure is described (Fig. 2, not shown).
Patent ES-300056-A1 (ES)
Title: Improvements relating to fluid actuators
IPC: E05F15/02
Filed: 1964-05-20
Abstract: A fluid actuator, particularly for operating ship hatch covers, comprises a cylinder 20 in which a piston 53 is caused to reciprocate and thereby cause oscillatory movement of a shaft 44 having a screw and ball-nut connection with the piston 53. An adapter 59 is secured to piston 53 and carries keys 65 which are adapted to slide in longitudinal grooves 22 in the cylinder 20, a ball nut 58 being secured within the adapter 59 and having balls 57 which are in rolling engagement with spiral grooves 52 formed in the shaft 44. Ball bearings are mounted in cylinder end caps 30, 31 for supporting the shaft 44. Fluid may be selectively introduced through ports 46, 461. In one embodiment, where no initial closing force is required of the device as a hinge actuator, the port 46 acts as a vent. In a modification, opposed pistons 75, 76 are adapted to be moved in opposite directions, by fluid under pressure introduced through a central inlet port 78, and through oppositely spiralled ball grooves 81, 82 cause rotation of a shaft 79. Alternatively, port 78 may be used as a vent and fluid under pressure introduced through spaced ports 84, 85.
Patent ES-305950-A1 (ES)
Title: Improvements relating to electrodes for storage batteries
IPC: H01M4/72
Filed: 1964-11-12
Abstract: A conducting grid is provided in which the individual cross-sectional area of the radial bars 26 is greater than that of the radial bars 25 further from the terminal lug 11. There may be more than the two forms shown, the c.s.e. of the individual radial bars decreasing slipwise from each zone outwards from the lug.
Patent ES-309544-A1 (ES)
Title: Improvements in and relating to end of train detectors
IPC: B61L13/00
Filed: 1965-02-12
Abstract: End of train detector comprises a loop, formed by a section of track having the rails at one end joined by a capacitor and at the other end by the last axle of the train when present, to which an audio signal Fm modulated at power supply frequency Fi is applied and a unit carried at the end of the train which is energized by pick up from the loop and transmits a signal to trackside apparatus. The loop is energized by the audio signal which is generated and modulated in unit 2 by the power supply signal supplied from unit 3, this modulating signal is also applied via a phase change circuit 4 to one winding 5 of a twoelement relay 7. The signal is demodulated in unit 9 on the train to provide power supply which energizes a V.H.F. oscillator which transmits a signal modulated at the power supply frequency and also optionally at a frequency intermediate the power supply frequency and the oscillator frequency. The transmitted signal is picked up by aerial 15, amplified in unit 16, demodulated to the intermediate frequency if present and then to the power supply frequency in units 17 and 18 and applied to the second winding 6 of the relay.
Patent ES-313416-A1 (ES)
Title: A process for automatically separating the shells from nuts and seeds having hard shells
IPC: A23N5/08
Filed: 1965-05-25
Abstract: A process for separating the shells from nuts or seeds (e.g. almonds, pine-sped, pistachio nuts and groundnuts) comprises coating (e.g. by dipping) the shells with glue, applying (e.g. by dropping or rolling) a fernomagnetic material (e.g. iron powder of filings or a magnetic oxide or alloy) to the coated shells drying the coated nuts in an infra-red or hot air oven, mechanically breaking the shells of the nuts and separating the shells in one or more stages, by the action of a magnetic field using e.g. a permanent magnet or electromagnet in the form of a continuous strip. Any excess glue and ferromagnetic material applied may be recovered and the ferromagnetic material adhering to the separated shells may also be recovered.
Patent ES-332505-A1 (ES)
Title: Methods of and apparatus for carrying glass sheets
IPC: B65G51/03
Filed: 1966-10-20
Abstract: Glass sheets 1 in a conveyer trough are supported out of contact with the base 8 and side walls of the trough by gas jets from apertures 7, 10 respectively. The apertures 7, 10 are connected by tubes 3, 13 respectively to a chamber 4 connected to a supply line 5. Exhaust apertures 9 in the base 8 communicate with the space between the base 8 and the chamber 4. Sheets are moved manually along the trough by a member 14, Fig. 2, having a top and three sides, which deflects the gas flow from the base 8 towards the rear edge of the sheet 1. In a modification, Fig. 4 (not shown), one of the side walls is omitted and the base 8 is transversely inclined downwardly towards the single side wall, the apertures in which are provided with a gas supply independent from that of the apertures in the base. In a further modification, Fig. 3 (not shown), the base is constituted by a porous sheet, and the glass sheets are conveyed by transverse rows of inclined overhead jets.
Patent ES-343183-A1 (ES)
Title: Filter candle formed by stacked elements
IPC: B01D29/46
Filed: 1967-07-19
Abstract: A filter candle comprises a stack of spoked rings as shown, one of the spokes 3 being adapted to have a rounded end which engages a longitudinal slot in the spindle 1 on which the rings are mounted. Raised portions 4 on the spokes ensure that the rings are axially spaced apart, allowing the material to be filtered to pass radially into the candle to flow passages 6 between the spokes. Rings may be metal or plastics, formed by moulding or stamping and may be other than circular.
Patent ES-350397-A1 (ES)
Title: Type o crystalline material
IPC: C10G47/20
Filed: 1968-02-12
Abstract: A synthetic crystalline aluminosilicate has three-dimensional cages wherein solid silica is periodically disposed in an orderly and repetitious manner, the material having the molar ratio composition where n is the valence of the cation M Y is less than 5 and X is from 4 to 11, preferably from 4À5 to 7À0, and most preferably from 4À7 to 6À2. This may be prepared by slurrying particles of the host aluminosilicate (preferably faujasite) in water in the presence of sodium silicate, drying the slurry in contact with carbon dioxide (e.g. in a carbon-dioxide-containing atmosphere) at elevated temperature, washing the dried slurry, and drying. The host particles may be impregnated with sodium silicate solution, separated from the solution together with some sodium silicate, and then slurried with water to form the slurry above. It may also be prepared by mixing aqueous solutions of sodium aluminate and sodium hydroxide with an aqueous slurry of silica, in the mole ratios SiO 2 :Al 2 O 3 from 6 to 20 Na 2 O:SiO 2 from 0À3 to 0À7 H 2 O: Na 2 O from 23 to 60 aging the slurry with agitation, and then aging without agitation at an elevated temperature, cooling and separating the solids from most of the mother liquor, reslurrying, and spray drying in an atmosphere containing carbon dioxide. The particles are then washed and dried. Preferred ratios for the initial reaction mixture are:-SiO 2 :Al 2 O 3 from 8 to 20 Na 2 O: SiO 2 from 0À40 to 0À45 H 2 O: Na 2 O from 35 to 45. The solid may then be pilled by means of a temporary binder, such as vinyl alcohol, which is subsequently removed by calcination, and the pills subjected to ion-exchange to reduce the sodium ion content. A two-step ion exchange may be employed, firstly to introduce Ca2+, and then to introduce NH 4 + ions. A Group VIII metal or metal compound may be deposited on these pills to form a hydrocracking catalyst, and this is commonly nickel.
Patent ES-353964-A1 (ES)
Title: Dehalogenating dimerization and codimerization of beta-halogenated organic compounds
IPC: C07C69/54
Filed: 1968-05-16
Abstract: Dimers or codimers of one or more #-halogenated organic compounds of the formula HalCHR-CHR1X, in which Hal is halogen, R and R1 stand for hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group, and X is a nitrile or ester group, are obtained by a dehalogenating dimerization or codimerization process in the presence of an amalgam by adding a solution of one or more of the said #-halogenated compounds in an organic solvent which is inert towards the amalgam under the reaction conditions and which has a dielectric constant measured at 20 C. greater than 20 to an alkali or alkaline earth metal amalgam. The organic solvent may be formamide, dimethylformamide, hexamethylenephosphotriamide, dimethylsulphoxide, tetramethylenesulphone, acetamide or a mono- or dialkylacetamide or a mixture of two or more thereof and is suitably employed in an amount of 0À04-10 litres per mole of #-halogenated organic compound. The amalgam employed suitably contains from 0À1 to 10 grams of active metal per kilogram of mercury and water may be added to the reaction mixture, preferably in an amount of 0À05% to 15% of the weight of the solution. A quantity, suitably 0À001-1 mole per mole of #-halogenated compound, of an [alpha],#-dehydrohalogenated derivative corresponding to the #- halogenated organic compound starting material may be added and the process is preferably effected at a temperature of 0-150 C. in a continuous manner in conjunction with the production of the #-halogenated organic compound and a mercury-cathode electrolysis for the regeneration of the amalgam. In specific examples the production of adiponitrile, dimethyl adipate and methyl cyanopentanoate is described by the dimerization of #-chloropropionitrile and methyl #-chloropropionate and the codimerization of #-chloropropionitrile with methyl #-chloropropionate respectively byproducts, e.g. acrylonitrile, propionitrile and methyl acrylate may also be obtained.
Patent ES-356454-A1 (ES)
Title: Polymerization Process
IPC: C08F2/04
Filed: 1968-07-24
Abstract: 1,3-Butadiene is continuously solution polymerized in the presence of a lithium hydrocarbon catalyst and a modifier of 1,2-butadiene wherein after polymerization an amount of solvent and modifier is removed by vaporization, condensed and recycled to the polymerization reactor. The solvent may be pentane or hexane and the catalyst butyl lithium. The 1,3-butadiene may be copolymerized with isoprene and/or styrene.
Patent ES-360407-A1 (ES)
Title: Coffee Mill
IPC: A47J42/12
Filed: 1968-11-19
Abstract: A coffee mill has a discharge opening 7 through which a grinding space 6 communicates with a detachable container 8 which is rotatably secured to a mill housing. A scraper or scrapers 9 can rotate along the discharge opening when the detachable container is rotated so that coffee sticking around the opening falls into the container. As described, the mill has an upper fixed grinding member 2 and a lower driven grinding member 5, and the container may have lugs or a thread which respectively snap behind a rim of or engage threads on the housing.
Patent ES-364921-A1 (ES)
Title: Herbicidal azido-s-triazine derivatives
IPC: A01N43/70
Filed: 1969-03-18
Abstract: Herbicidal compositions comprising azido-triazine derivatives of the formula WHEREIN N MEANS 0 OR 1 AND R represents certain unsubstituted or substituted alkyl groups having a total of from three to six carbon atoms as herbicidally active compounds of enhanced toxicity to undesirable plant growth and improved selectivity are disclosed. A method of controlling undesirable plant growth with such compounds and compositions containing them as the active ingredient are also described.
Patent ES-381956-A1 (ES)
Title: 8-thioureidomethyl ergoline derivatives
IPC: C07D457/02
Filed: 1970-07-17
Abstract: Ergoline derivatives having anti-stress activity, and a process for making them. The compounds are of the formula:
Patent ES-385085-A1 (ES)
Title: Sedimentation system
IPC: B01D21/06
Filed: 1970-10-30
Abstract: A system for purifying water and sewage by forcing a liquid that is to be sedimented flow from the lower portion of a basin and upwards while sedimented matter in the liquid sinks downwardly in the basin. Concentrically positioned elements are located at the surface of the liquid for draining off purified liquid through fall pipes that interconnect the elements with discharge pipes at the bottom of the basin.
Patent ES-398425-A1 (ES)
Title: Shift register storage unit
IPC: G06F7/78
Filed: 1971-12-29
Abstract: A data storage unit is provided in which groups or "pages" of data including their addresses are stored in shift registers in successive positions, the registers being operable on a signal requesting access to shift their contents repetitively to the next position in one or more loops which include a position wherein a page may be accessed and in one or more loops which excludes said access position. Controls are provided for varying the shifting in said loops such that the positions of some or all of the pages of separately accessed classes are dynamically reordered so that they are presented to said access position on such signal in approximately or exactly the order in which they were last requested, thus reducing average access time in programs involving considerable repeated reference to a limited group of pages of the class.
Patent ES-406926-A1 (ES)
Title: Apparatus for automatically producing mold parts
IPC: B22C5/12
Filed: 1972-09-22
Abstract: In an automatic mold part producing apparatus having a mold chamber which is filled with mold forming material that subsequently is compressed between a pair of opposite end walls, or pattern boards the mold forming material is forced into said mold chamber by means of pressurized air, the pressure of which is gradually or stepwise increased during the chamber filling operation, for the purpose of achieving uniform compactness or density of the mold forming material throughout the height of the mold chamber.
Patent ES-407761-A1 (ES)
Title: Current amplifier
IPC: H03G3/02
Filed: 1972-10-19
Abstract: Circuit arrangement providing a constant current amplification which is determined by the ratio between the emitter surface areas of a first and a second transistor of one conductivity type, the first transistor passing the input current and the second transistor passing the output current. The base currents for these transistors are supplied by a third transistor of the other conductivity type the base of which is connected to the collector of a fourth transistor of the one conductivity type in common emitter connection the base of which is connected to the input. This method of driving ensures a high degree of accuracy and also permits the use of a small supply voltage. The circuit may be used to particular advantage in a current stabilizer.
Patent ES-409950-A1 (ES)
Title: Pvc bonding - with flexible pressure and edge sealing seam to contain the pressure zone
IPC: B30B5/02
Filed: 1972-12-22
Abstract: Designed for a high frequency press to bond PVC to a carrier in a relief pattern, for simulated leather, the pressure is applied in the form of compressed air between the pressure plate and the workpiece, with a sealing seam at the edges to limit the expansion of the layer material. Alternatively a membrane can be used to give a pressure pocket for the pressure medium of compressed air, liquid, or metal in liquid or powder form. Provides a bonding and crystallising effect on the PVC in a single-stage process.