baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent IT-1304460-B1 (IT)
Title: Method of conveying items in form of rolls of paper, plastics or similar material involves using conveying apparatus comprising line for transporting items
Inventor: FRANZAROLI MASSIMO
IPC: B65B/
Filed: 1998-07-24
Granted: 2001-03-19
Abstract: The method uses a conveying apparatus comprising a line (15') for transporting items (P). The line transports the items from a machine (12) situated upstream to a series of packaging machines positioned downstream. The working machine advances and cuts simultaneously one or more reels of paper material to obtain individual rolls of paper. The conveying line comprises a first segment (A) for receiving the items from the working machine, which presents one or more lanes for advancing the items, and a second segment (B), downstream of the first segment, which presents a number of conveying lanes (30,32) positioned on two planes at different levels. An independent claim is included for an apparatus for carrying out the above method.
Patent IT-1275669-B1 (IT)
Title: Safety device and method of monitoring the temperature inside freezers and refrigerators
Inventor: ROSSI GIORGIO ANGELO
IPC: G05D/
Filed: 1994-11-18
Granted: 1997-10-17
Abstract: A safety device is specified, able to continuously control the temperature inside freezers and refrigerators, to make sure that it never passes a level which no longer guarantees the proper keeping of the food contained therein. The device generates an alarm either when an instantaneous maximum accepted temperature value is passed or when a threshold value of the temperature integrated as a function of a certain time setting is passed. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1277079-B1 (IT)
Inventor: HAEBERLI ADRIAN
IPC: B30B11/14
Filed: 1995-12-14
Granted: 1997-11-04
Abstract: A machine for the formation of tablets of cosmetic product comprises feeding means (1, 12) of a cosmetic product in powder to a movable conveyor belt (2) so as to form on said conveyor belt (2) a layer of cosmetic product (5) and portioning and compression means (7) of the layer of cosmetic product (5) for the formation of tablets of cosmetic product (35). Said conveyor belt comprises a belt in a material permeable to air. The machine comprises a supporting plate (22) with a plurality of through holes placed under said belt of the conveyor belt (2) opposite said portioning and compression means, to allow the air to escape during the formation of the tablets of cosmetic product. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1266052-B1 (IT)
Title: Wind-powered machine with high power coefficient
Inventor: LENZI MARCELLO
IPC: B64B/
Filed: 1992-07-17
Granted: 1996-12-20
Abstract: Among all existing wind-powered machines, the most commonly used wind-powered machine is the airscrew, because of its greater power coefficient. Airscrews are essentially used for electricity generation, in the construction of wind-power plants having a power of several kW and wind-power plants of considerable capacity, namely 1000-2000 kW. However, airscrews frequently suffer from the breakage of blades during storms. The present wind-powered machine has a power coefficient greater than that of an airscrew, while completely overcoming the risk of breakage in storms. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1267371-B1 (IT)
Title: Process for the decoration of a laminar substrate and laminar substrate so obtained
Inventor: DE VALDERRAMA JOSE LUIS F
IPC: B44B/
Filed: 1994-01-28
Granted: 1997-02-05
Abstract: The process for the decoration of a laminar substrate 10 comprises the operations of: painting at least one surface of the said substrate 10 and depositing upon the said at least one surface a layer 14 of metal material following exposure to metal vapours under vacuum. According to this process the said at least 1 surface is partly painted in accordance with a predetermined pattern or using two different paints 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d in different areas of the said at least one surface. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1303128-B1 (IT)
Inventor: AISA VALERIO
IPC: F25D29/00
Filed: 1998-10-08
Granted: 2000-10-30
Abstract: A method for estimating the duration of the interruptions in the supply from the electric mains in an electric appliance having an electronic control, in particular a household appliance, includes the steps of (a) on the occasion of an interruption of the supply voltage of the apparatus, measuring and storing the value of at least one quantity that is characteristic of the operating status of the apparatus; (b) on the occasion of the restoration of the supply voltage, measuring the current value of the at least one characteristic quantity; (c) comparing the stored value and the current value of the at least one characteristic quantity; and (d) estimating, on the basis of the comparison, the duration of the interruption of the supply voltage.
Patent IT-1266106-B1 (IT)
Title: System for the detection of shapes of stone slabs
Inventor: TONCELLI DARIO
IPC: B28D/
Filed: 1993-12-29
Granted: 1996-12-20
Abstract: System for the detection of shapes of stone slabs 14 lying on a movable belt 12 consisting of a plurality of optical sensors 20a-e, suspended from a beam support, in the form, for example, of a square tube 42 able to move on a guide 24 and placed in movement by a system of connecting rod 36 and crank 34, operated by a variable speed motor 28, the movement of the beam support 42 being of harmonic type, and where the speed of travel of the movable belt and the frequency of the alternating harmonic movement are chosen as a function of a light spot 74a-e or area covered by each individual optical sensor to enable a basically total and uninterrupted detection of the contours of the stone slabs 14. <IMAGE>
Patent JP-3027581-B1 (JP)
IPC: B21D53/84
Filed: 1999-06-21
Granted: 2000-04-04
Abstract: There are disclosed an expanded tube processing method and expanded tube processing apparatus of a cylindrical tube, for inclining an opening end portion of a work formed of the cylindrical tube of metal with respect to an axis of a work to perform tube expansion, in which in order to simply perform an expanded tube processing, a punch is disposed on an opening end side of the work of the metal cylindrical tube and the punch is inserted from the work opening end to perform the tube expansion on a work end. A punch 18 is inserted from the work opening end at a predetermined angle to a tube axis A of a work 6. During insertion of the punch 18, the punch 18 and/or the work 6 are moved in a direction Y1-Y2 substantially crossing at right angles to an advancing/retreating drive direction Z1-Z2 of the punch 18 to perform the expanded tube processing. <IMAGE>
Patent JP-3062755-B1 (JP)
Title: 二軸式ねじポンプ型真空ポンプおよび二軸式ねじポンプ型圧縮機
IPC: F04C25/02
Filed: 1999-07-09
Granted: 2000-07-12
Abstract: 【要約】
【課題】  気体の移送、圧縮、吐き出しを効率的に行い 得る真空ポンプおよび、気体の圧縮、吐き出しを効率的 に行い得る圧縮機を、二軸式ねじポンプによって無潤滑 （ドライ）条件下で実現することにある。
【解決手段】  真空ポンプでは駆動ロータ１と被動ロー タ２の条数をそれぞれ一条と二条、圧縮機ではそれらの 条数比を１対２とし、両ロータ１，２の歯先円直径を、 条数が多い方である被動ロータ２のピッチ円直径と一致 させるとともに、両ロータ１，２の歯形を、互いに共役 なトロコイド系歯形にすることで、両ロータ１，２とそ れらを内包するケーシング３とによって、理論的に完全 に閉じ、かつ容積が最大となるねじ溝空間を画成し、ケ ーシング３の内側端面の、被動ロータ２の歯先円と歯元 円との間に吐き出し口を設ける。両ロータ１，２のねじ 長は真空ポンプの場合は最小で２．５ピッチとする。こ の結果、両ロータの回転によって気体の移送・圧縮・吐 き出しが効率的に行われ、無潤滑・高性能の真空ポンプ が実現できる。圧縮機の場合のねじ長は必ずしも２．５ ピッチ以上である必要はない。
Patent JP-3051739-B1 (JP)
Title: 低温空気発生方法および装置
IPC: F25B9/00
Filed: 1999-07-12
Granted: 2000-06-12
Abstract: 【要約】
【課題】  ランニングコストおよびイニシャルコストを 削減し得る低温空気発生方法および装置を提供する。
【解決手段】  圧縮機１１で冷媒空気を圧縮し、得られ た圧縮冷媒空気をガスベアリング式膨張タービン１６を 用いて断熱膨張により降温させ低温冷媒空気とし、この 低温冷媒空気を、外気に通じる被冷却物搬出入口を有す る冷熱消費設備２０内に導入して該設備内の被冷却物を 冷却し、被冷却物を冷却した後の冷媒空気を圧縮機１１ に循環させるに際し、膨張タービン１６の軸受ガスとし て使用した後のベアリングガスを回収し、ベアリングガ ス合流経路３１を通して循環ガス経路１９内の冷媒空気 に合流させる。
Patent JP-2964477-B1 (JP)
Title: フォークリフト用荷崩れ防止装置
IPC: B66F9/12
Filed: 1998-10-05
Granted: 1999-10-18
Abstract: 【要約】
【課題】  荷物を押えるベルトの係止具を係止受け具に 係止すると同時にベルトの巻取ドラムの回転を規制でき るようにする。
【解決手段】  巻取ドラム12にギア部15を形成し、この ギア部15と噛み合う係止爪16をバネ18によってギア部15 から離れるように付勢する。そして、ベルト11の係止具 19を係止受け具13に挿入し、係止具19と係止受け具13と を係止することにより、係止具19で係止受け具13の内部 に組み付けた受金具37をスライドさせ、受金具37とワイ ヤ38で連結された係止爪16をバネ18に抗して引っ張る。 これにより、係止爪16とギア部15とが噛み合い、巻取ド ラム12の回転が規制される。一方、係止具19と係止受け 具13との係合を解除すると、ギア部15と噛み合う係止爪 16がバネ18によって復帰し、ギア部15と係止爪16との係 合が解除されるため、巻取ドラム12にベルト11が巻き取 られる。
Patent JP-3024109-B1 (JP)
Title: 床暖房パネル
IPC: F24D7/00
Filed: 1998-11-18
Granted: 2000-03-21
Abstract: 【要約】
【課題】  施工の信頼性の確保とコストの低減および床 段差を回避して施工の自由度を向上することができる床 暖房パネルを提供する。
【解決手段】  床暖房パネル１は、床材２に接して配置 するべき放熱板３による放熱部４とこの放熱部４に供給 する熱を受ける循環パイプ５による受熱部６とからな り、前記放熱板３に熱移送手段１１を設け、この熱移送 手段１１は、熱媒体１２を収容して受熱部６に臨む気化 室１３と、その蒸気を放熱板３に沿って案内する循環路 １４と、その出口で圧力変動を抑えうる容積をなして気 化室１３に連通する低圧室１５とから構成する。
Patent MD-1608-B1 (MD)
Title: Air heating installation for tobacco drying chamber
Inventor: DALEA VASILE
IPC: A24B3/10
Filed: 2000-08-07
Abstract: The invention refers to tobacco pretreatment, namely, to air heating installation for tobacco drying chamber. The installation contains a gas burner with elongated head installed vertically and enlarged from the bottom to the top, axial ventilator, executed in the form of a propeller, mounted directly on the motor-operated shaft and situated under the gas burner into the heat insulated jacket with a clearance from its walls. The jacket inferior part communicates with the atmospheric air, and the upper one - with the air circulation channel through radial holes, made into the heat insulating jacket. The lower vertical channel part is connected to the tobacco drying chamber lower part, and the upper one - to the chamber upper part.The result consists in improving the operation conditions of gas burner and ventilator, increasing the installation efficiency and in the simplification of the structure.Claims: 1Fig.: 1
Patent MD-4272-B1 (MD)
Title: Process for the formation of the peach tree
Inventor: COROID ARCADIE
IPC: A01G17/00
Filed: 2012-06-20
Abstract: The invention relates to pomiculture, namely to a process for the formation of the peach tree.The process for the formation of the peach tree consists in the formation of a crown inclined at an angle of 35…45°, oriented in the direction of the prevailing wind, and includes grafting in the first year of the stock, grown from seed planted in a fixed place, spur pruning of the stock in the spring of the second year, fixation to the spur of the grown graft of a length of 15…20 cm, removal of all premature shoots from the trunk at a height of 30…50 cm from the soil level, summer 2…3-bud pruning of premature shoots on the upper side of the inclined central axis and adjustment of the slope angle of the central axis by pinching its extension shoot .The process allows the formation of the inclined crown without supports and provides for the stimulation of branch active regeneration processes and a high quality of fruits.
Patent MD-4467-B1 (MD)
Title: Process for the enzymatic synthesis of (7S)-3,4-dimethoxybicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-triene-7-carboxylic acid or esters thereof, and application in the synthesis of ivabradine and salts thereof
Inventor: PEDRAGOSA MOREAU SANDRINE
IPC: C12N9/20
Filed: 2013-02-07
Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the enzymatic synthesis of the compound of formula (I):wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a C1-C6 alkyl group, preferably methyl, and also to its application in the synthesis of ivabradine (3-{3-[{[(7S)-3,4-dimethoxybicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-triene-7-yl]methyl}(methyl)amino]propyl}-7,8-dimethoxy-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-3-benzazepin-2-one) of formula (II):its addition salts with pharmaceutically acceptable acids and their hydrates.The use of lipases Pseudomonas fluorescens and Candida antarctica makes it possible to obtain chiral compounds - key intermediates in the synthesis of pharmaceutically active ingredients - in high enantiomeric excesses and good yields.
Patent MD-4598-B1 (MD)
Title: Process for cultivation of microalga Dunaliella salina CNMN-AV-01
Inventor: RUDIC VALERIU
IPC: C12R1/89
Filed: 2018-05-15
Abstract: The invention relates to biotechnology, in particular to a process for cultivation of microalga Dunaliella salina CNMN-AV-01.The process for cultivation of microalga Dunaliella salina CNMN-AV-01 comprises its cultivation on a mineral nutrient medium containing, g/L: NaCl - 120.0, NaHCO3 - 4.2, MgSO4 - 0.6, KNO3 - 0.5, FeCl3 - 0.0002, CaCl2 - 0.033, KHPO4 - 0.0272, EDTA - 0.0087, silver nanoparticles with a size of 5 nm - 0.0005…0.00055, at a temperature of 25…28°C, pH 8.0 and constant illumination of 3000…4000 lx, for 8 days.The result of the invention consists in increasing the yield of biomass of Dunaliella salina CNMN-AV-01 and the content of lipids in biomass in order to obtain raw material for the development and production of liposoluble remedies.
Patent NO-333167-B1 (NO)
Inventor: HEISMANN RICHARD A
IPC: E01H5/04
Filed: 2000-08-11
Abstract: A snow thrower of compact proportions is obtained by a single piece housing (4) which supports an engine (5) having a vertical output shaft (13) extending within the housing. The housing also supports a horizontally disposed auger drive shaft. A belt drive (23) connects the engine drive shaft and the auger drive shaft via a pair of idler pulleys (16, 19), one disposed at an inclined angle and the other being mounted on an idler arm (15) pivotally mounted within the housing (4). The belt (23) and idler arm (15) pass through an opening (25) in the housing to achieve the belt drive connection. A control member (9) is provided to move the idler arm(15) to tension the belt (23) for driving the auger drive shaft or to relax the belt to interrupt the belt drive connection. In the latter condition, the belt is braked while retaining light contact between the engine (5) and auger drive pulley (22).  <IMAGE>
Patent NO-330388-B1 (NO)
Inventor: FELS ACHIM GUSTAV
IPC: F41H1/00
Filed: 2005-03-21
Abstract: A penetration-resistant material is described comprising at least a double layer of wowen fabric wherein the double layer comprises a first layer of fabric composed of a first set of threads comprising 3.5 to 20 threads/cm, having a linear density of at least 210 dtex, and comprising at least 65 % of the fabric weight, and a second set of threads comprising 0.5 to 16 threads/cm and having a linear density of at least 50 dtex, with the second set of threads being transverse to the first set of threads, and the ratio of the number of threads/cm of the first set to that of the second set is > 1, and a second layer of fabric composed of a first set of threads comprising 0.5 to 16 threads/cm and having a linear density of at least 50 dtex, and a second set of threads comprising 3.5 to 20 threads/cm, having a linear density of at least 210 dtex, and comprising at least 65 % of the fabric weight, with the second set of threads being transverse to the first set of threads, and the ratio of the number of threads/cm of the second set to that of the first set is > 1, and wherein the first and second sets of threads of the first layer have a parallel orientation towards the first and second sets, respectively, of threads of the second layer, and wherein in the first layer of fabric at least the first set of threads and in the second layer of fabric at least the second set of threads are treated with a water-repellant.
Patent NO-323949-B1 (NO)
Title: Framgangsmate og system for testing av et reguleringssystem for et marint petroleumsprosessanlegg
Inventor: EGELAND OLAV
IPC: G05B23/02
Filed: 2005-10-31
Abstract: En fremgangsmåte for testing av hvorvidt et reguleringssystem (2) er i stand til å behandle svikt, feil eller feilmodi (8) i et petroleumsprosesseringsanlegg (1), hvor reguleringssystemet (2) er innrettet til å være *tilkoblet med innmatingssignallinjer (30) for mottak av sensor- og andre innmatingssignaler (3r) fra petroleumsprosesseringsanlegget (1), og *tilkoblet med pådragssignallinjer (40) for overføring av pådrag (4) til petroleumsprosesseringsanlegg (1) omfattende følgende steg: a) tilkobling av reguleringssystemet (2) ved bruk av innmatingssignallinjen (39) for mottak av simulerte sensor- eller andre innmatingssignaler (3s) fra et simulert petroleumsprosesseringsanlegg (10) og b) tilkobling av reguleringssystemet (2) ved bruk av pådragssignallinjen (40) for overføring av pådrag (4) til det simulerte petroleumsprosesseringsanlegget (10) k a ra kt e r i s e r t v e d c) tilkobling av en innmatingssignalmodifikator (9) til innmatingssignallinjen (30) hvor innmatingssignalmodifikatoren (9) modifiserer ett eller flere av innmatingssignalene (3) for overføring av ett eller flere modifiserte innmatingssignal (13) og gjenværende ikke-modifiserte innmatingssignal (3) til reguleringssystemet (2).
Patent NO-335520-B1 (NO)
Inventor: HINTON MICHAEL JOHN
IPC: E21B43/117
Filed: 2006-04-07
Abstract: A carrier for at least one shaped charge, the carrier being disposable in use within an oil, gas, water or steam well bore. The carrier comprises a housing at least partially formed from a composite material which is non-frangible in normal use. The composite material component of the housing is arranged substantially to contain debris created within the carrier as a result of firing of the at least one shaped charge. The housing may be entirely of composite material or may comprise in inner metallic housing and an outer overwrap of composite material.
Patent NO-330086-B1 (NO)
Title: Fremgangsmate og anordning for installasjon av styreskinner i en heissjakt
Inventor: CRUZ PABLO
IPC: B66B19/00
Filed: 2006-04-27
Abstract: Anordning og fremgangsmåte for installasjon av føringsskinner (10) i en heissjakt (1). Det anvendes organer (14) for å anordne føringsskinnene (10) på rekke. En felles bæreanordning (13) anvendes for å anordne føringsskinnene (10) på rekke som en sammensetning. I det minste ett koblingsorgan (14) pr. føringsskinne (10) er anordnet for å feste skinnene (10) til bæreanordningen (13). Den felles bæreanordning (13) er utformet slik at føringsskinne (10) etter føringsskinne (10) vil kunne festes etter hverandre til den felles bæreanordning (13).
Patent NO-341685-B1 (NO)
Title: Kontroll av gjennombruddsblødning i utvidede hormonelle svangerskapsforebyggende regimer
Inventor: SACHSE ANDREAS
IPC: A61K31/585
Filed: 2006-11-28
Abstract: Den foreliggende oppfinnelse angår et fleksibelt utvidet anvendelsesregime for et hormonelt svangerskapsforebyggende middel som er nyttig til å kontrollere blødningsproblemer forbundet med fast utvidet anvendelse av hormonelle svangerskapsforebyggende midler, og en farmasøytisk pakke som inneholder det aktuelle hormonelle svangerskapsforebyggende midlet.
Patent NO-341872-B1 (NO)
Title: Anvendelse av TPO-peptidforbindelser og farmasøytiske sammensetninger i behandling av anemi
Inventor: MACDONALD BRIAN R
IPC: A61K38/19
Filed: 2008-09-15
Abstract: En metode for behandling av anemi er fremlagt. Metoden inkluderer administrering av en TPO-peptidforbindelse til et subjekt. Farrnasøytiske sammensetninger som inkluderer en TPO- peptidforbindelse og en farmasøytisk akseptabel bærer. ·	Diagnosemetoder som anvender en merket TPO-peptidforbindelse fremlegges også.
Patent NO-341620-B1 (NO)
Title: Industriell fremgangsmåte for syntese av 17-acetoksy-11-[4-(N,N-dimetylamino)-fenyl]-19-norpregna-4,9-dien-3,20-dion og nye mellomprodukter for prosessen
Inventor: Tuba Zoltán 
IPC: C07J71/00
Filed: 2009-01-13
Abstract: Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en ny industriell fremgangsmåte for syntese av solvatfritt 17a-acet-oksy-lip-[4-(N,N-dimetylamino)-fenyl]-19-norpregna-4, 9-dien-3,20-dion [CDB-2914] av formel (I) som er et sterkt antiprogestogent og antiglukokortikoid middel. Oppfinnelsen angår også forbindelser av formel (VII) og (VIII) anvendt som mellomprodukter i prosessen. Fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen er følgende: i) 3-(etylendioksy)-østra-5(10),9(11)-dien-17-on av formel (X) omsettes med kalium-acetilyd dannet in situ i tørt tetrahydrofuran på kjent måte, ii) det erholdte 3- (etylendioksy)-17<x-etynyl-17p-hydroksy-østra-5(10),9(11)-dien av formel (IX) omsettes med fenylsulfenylklorid i diklormetan i nærvær av trietyl-amin og eddiksyre, iii) den erholdte isomere blanding av 3-(etylendioksy)-21-(fenylsulfinyl)-19-norpregna- 5 (10), 9(11), 17(20), 20-tetraen av formel (VIII) omsettes først med natriummetoksid i metanol, deretter med trimetylfosfitt, iv) det erholdte 3-(etylendioksy)-17a-hydroksy-2 0-metoksy-19-norpregna-5(10),9(11),20-trien av formel (VII) omsettes med hydrogenklorid
Patent NO-334465-B1 (NO)
Title: Anordning til fordeling av partikkelstrøm, samt forgreningsstykke
Inventor: DALSEIDE BJOERN OVE
IPC: B08B9/00
Filed: 2010-03-19
Abstract: Det omtales en anordning for fordeling av en partikkelstrøm fra et hovedrør i flere grenstrømmer, og den er kjennetegnet ved at hovedrøret (130) er forgrenet i to grenrør (132,134) og de tre rørene definerer innvendig en spisset egg (131) som er et skilleorgan som inndeler partikkelstrømmen i to like strømmer. Fortrinnsvis danner gren rørene stort sett like vinkler a hhv (3 respektive, med den langsgående akse X gjennom hovedrøret (130). Det omtales også et rørforgreningsstykke for fordeling av en partikkelstrøm i grenstrømmer.
Patent NO-342184-B1 (NO)
Inventor: HARESTAD KRISTIAN
IPC: E21B23/10
Filed: 2015-02-16
Abstract: There is disclosed a cementing device (10) for establishing a false bottom in a well bore for formation of a cement plug in the well bore. The cementing device (10) comprises a tool body (14) which has a front end (15) and a rear end (16). The cementing device (10) further comprises at least one propulsion device (24) which is attached to the front end (15) and/or the rear end (16) of the tool body (14) and is adapted for being propelled by a fluid.
Patent PL-91149-B1 (PL)
Title: Furnaces[us3853076a]
IPC: F23G7/00
Filed: 1973-10-31
Abstract: A furnace for burning liquid sewage and other wastes has a shallow dished heart which is fed with the liquid so as to keep most of the hearth area wet and downwardly directed fuel burners evaporate and burn the material and create a vortex within the furnace interior so that combustion products pass upwardly to an outlet flue through the burner flame to ensure complete combustion.
[US3853076A]
Patent PL-159718-B1 (PL)
Title: Method for determining plating thickness
IPC: G01B/
Filed: 1987-11-26
Abstract: A method for determining plating thickness, in particular of anticorrosive coat, with application of a phenomenon of ultrasonic wave propagation in a solid substance, and with determination of the longitudinal wave speed in the basic material and in the plating, characterised in that an ultrasonic head is located on the side of the basic material, and the time base scale (ppc) of the ultrasonic device is calibrated for the longitudinal wave speed in the basic material, and then the differential distance δl between the bottom echo and the structural echo is measured on the ultrasonic device display, and that differential distance is multiplied by theC2L/C1Lcoefficient, whereas: C1L means the longitudinal wave speed in the basic material, C2L means the wave speed in the plating, which produces the value specifying the plating thickness, however in the case when the ultrasonic probe is located on the plating side, the plating thickness is determined as a product of the coefficientC2L/C1Land of a number of graduations 1' corresponding to the position of the structural echo on the oscilloscope display, multiplied by the value of the time base scale ppc.