Patent GB-1154442-A (GB)
Title: Shaped fibres and filtering apparatus comprising the same
IPC: B01D39/16
Filed: 1966-08-17
Abstract: 1,154,442. Separating particles from gases. MONSANTO CO. 17 Aug., 1966 [17 Aug., 1965], No. 36874/66. Headings B1D and BIT [Also in Division B5] A filter unit comprises a housing and a fibre bed therewithin, the fibre of said fibre bed being a shaped polymeric fibre having having a plurality of helical convolutions and a per cent of convolution of at least 100, a per cent of elongation to break of at least 25, and a cross-sectional area of from 10 to 1000 sq. mils preferably 60 to 200 sq. mils. Such fibres may have a per cent of convolution of from 100 to 2,500, desirably 400 to 1500 and a per cent of elongation to break of 25 to 700 desirably 200 to 400. Such fibres may be of circular, elliptical, rectangular or square shape but the fibre of rectangular cross-section is preferred, having a width of from 10 to 100 mils. and a thickness of from 1 to 10 mils. Such rectangular fibres suitably have a width of from 20 to 40 mils. and a thickness of from 3 to 5 mils. Preferably such fibres are composed essentially of polytetrafluoroethylene, but a long list of other suitable polymers is given. Fibre beds so made have a per cent of voidage of from 55 to 80, especially of from 70 to 76. Filter units containing such fibre beds are especially suitable for separating mists from mistladen gases and for coalescing fluids containing two' immiscible liquids. Figure 1 (not shown) shows a shaped fibre bed; Figure 2 (not shown) shows a shaped fibre; Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the upper portion of an acid absorption tower, in which is installed a plurality of fibre mist elimination units; Figure 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of one of the fibre mist elimination units of Figure 3; Figure 5 is. a modified form .of the apparatus of Figure 3 in which the mist eliminator units are separated from the, acid absorption tower; Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of an apparatus for coalescing or emulsifying two immiscible fluids in which is installed a coalescer unit of the invention; and Figure 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the coalescer unit employed in the apparatus of Figure 6. In operation af the apparatus in Figure 3, mistladen gases created in the absorption tower 10 pass upwardly and laterally through the mist eliminator unit 13, and the mist in the gases is collected on the surfaces of the fibre in bed 21. The cleaned gas then flows upwardly through the opening formed by support plates 11 and passes out of exhaust 23 of tower 10, and the liquid collected upon the fibre drains from the bed, is directed by plate. 15 into conduit 16 and passes therethrough as a liquid phase. Figure 4 illustrates the construction of the mist eliminator units. In Figure 5 a tank 30 is positioned adjacent to an acid absorption tower 31 and is connected thereto by conduit 32 which brings mistladen gases from the upper end of tower 31 into the lower portion of tank 30. Tank 30 is provided with outlet means 33 and is fitted with a plurality of mist eliminator units 35, similar to the units 13 of Figure 3. In operation mistladen gases from tower 31 are passed to tank 30 by conduit 32 and passed through mist eliminator units 35 in tank 30 and out via 33. The mist contained in the gases as they pass through the unit 35 is recovered as previously described and drains into the bottom of tank 30. Figure 6 illustrates an apparatus for coalescing or emulsifying two immiscible fluids. Figure 7 illustrates the demulsifying unit 47 detail. In operation, the two immiscible fluids flow into the apparatus through inlet conduit 46 and through demulsifying unit 47 where the dispersed phase is caused to coalesce into relatively large droplets. When these droplets reach the external or outside portion of the demulsifying unit, most of them are of sufficient size to overcome the velocity effect of the continuous phase fluid and settle downwardly into chamber 48 where they form a separate layer of dispersed phase which is withdrawn through outlet 44 when a predetermined level of said layer is reached. Some of the droplets may coalesce in the demulsifying element and by gravity tend to settle to the lower portion of the element and thus tend to establish flow of the dispersed phase fluid droplets over the top of the base plate and thence into chamber 48 to become part of the separate layer of the dispersed phase in the chamber. The continuous phase fluid passes outwardly from the demulsifying unit 47 and flows from the apparatus through outlet 43. The apparatus can be operated both with immiscible fluids in which the dispersed phase fluid has a higher specific gravity than the continuous phase fluid and with immiscible fluids in which the dispersed phase has a lower specific gravity than the continuous phase. Modifications which may be employed include horizontal flow of liquid medium through the apparatus and/or utilising an apparatus with only one outlet passage and passing the resolved dispersion through this outlet passage and into a settling tank for separation. Examples are given.