Patent GB-341490-A (GB)
Title: A process for the manufacture of rubber-like products by modifying the physical properties of organic isocolloid materials containing unsaturated carbon compounds
Filed: 1929-07-08
Abstract: When fats, fatty oils, or esters of their acids are modified, the products emulsified, and the emulsions treated according to the parent Specification with a gas or with a modifying agent which yields a gas during the treatment, rubber-like products are obtained which may be plastified on the rubber mill.  According to the invention non-rubber constituents such as occur in latex are added to the modified fatty substance or to the emulsion, and the precipitable ingredients are flocculated on the globules of the emulsified fat, in order to make the final product more similar to rubber latex.  The added substances are proteins, starch or other carbohydrate, and stearic acid.  All or part of the stearic acid may be added to the starting material before it is modified. Flocculating agents specified are, for casein, sodium sulphate, cadmium iodide, sodium chloride, mercuric chloride and bromide, and zinc bromide; for peptone, cadmium and zinc iodides, mercuric chloride and bromide; for gelatine, cadmium iodide, sodium sulphate, barium thiocyanate, and mercuric chloride.  Gases mentioned for treatment of the emulsion are oxygen, air, ozone, sulphur dioxide, and hydrogen sulphide.  The gas may be passed into the emulsion, the latter may be stirred or agitated in an atmosphere of the gas, or reagents may be added to the emulsion to liberate a gas, e.g. an acid and a carbonate, sulphite, or peroxide.  The gas treatment may be combined with, or preceded or followed by a treatment with electrolytes as defined in Specification 287,943, [Class 91, Oils &c.], with other liquid or solid modifying agents as defined in Specification 321,724, [Class 91, Oils &c.], or with metals, metal oxides, metal hydroxides, or solid or liquid acids whether organic or inorganic.  Either or both treatments may be carried out during emulsification.  The emulsion may be vulcanized at the same time and accelerators or super-accelerators may be used. Fillers may be added at any stage, preferably before emulsification. The products may be mixed with latex or used alone in place of rubber latex.  Dilute emulsions may be used, after concentration if necessary, for impregnating textiles; the disperse phase may be coagulated in the known ways and used in place of rubber.  The process may include exposure to X-rays, ultra-violet rays &c., and the addition of non-metallic organic secondary agents such as described in Specification 287,943.  In examples, (1) Chinawood oil which has been modified by treating with sodium hydrosulphite is mixed with stearic acid and emulsified by stirring with water; stearic acid and casein are added to the emulsion, sodium sulphate is added as precipitant, and the whole agitated in air at 70 DEG  C. for 2 to 3 weeks with daily exposure in shallow dishes to ultra-violet light. The product is coagulated with formic acid or is made alkaline with ammonia and treated with magnesium peroxide and agitated in air at 80 DEG  C., for 7 to 14 days yielding a rubber-like substance; (2) ammonia, stearic acid, casein and starch are added to the emulsion of the modified oil and stearic acid, with cadmium iodide as precipitant, and in the subsequent treatment barium peroxide is used in place of magnesium peroxide and ammonia, so that flocculation of the disperse phase occurs yielding a rubber-like mass; (3) stearic acid and peptone are added to the emulsion of the modified oil, cadmium iodide is added as precipitant, and the whole agitated in air for 10 days with periodical exposure to ultra-violet light; (4) the modified oil is emulsified with aqueous ammonia, stearic acid, peptone and starch are dispersed in the emulsion, benzoquinone is added and the mixture stirred at 70 DEG  C. in sulphuretted hydrogen for 8 hours, cadmium iodide is added and sulphuretted hydrogen is bubbled through the alkaline liquid for 4 to 5 days; the product is suitable for mixing with rubber latex.  Specification 321,694, [Class 91, Oils &c.], also is referred to.ALSO:When fats, fatty oils, or esters of their acids are modified, the products emulsified, and the emulsions treated according to the parent Specification with a gas or with a modifying agent which yields a gas during the treatment, rubber-like products are obtained which may be plastified on the rubber mill.  According to the invention non-rubber constituents such as occur in latex are added to the modified fatty substance or to the emulsion, and the precipitable ingredients are flocculated on the globules of the emulsified fat in order to make the final product more similar to rubber latex.  The added substances are proteins, starch or other carbohydrate, and stearic acid.  All or part of the stearic acid may be added to the starting material before it is modified. Flocculating agents specified are, for casein, sodium sulphate, cadmium iodite, sodium chloride, mercuric chloride and bromide, and zinc bromide; for peptone, cadmium and zinc iodides, mercuric chloride and bromide; for gelatine, cadmium iodide, sodium sulphate, barium thiocyanate, and mercuric chloride.  Gases mentioned for treatment of the emulsion are oxygen, air, ozone, sulphur dioxide, and hydrogen sulphide.  The gas may be passed into the emulsion, the latter may be stirred or agitated in an atmosphere of the gas, or reagents may be added to the emulsion to liberate a gas, e.g. an acid and a carbonate, sulphite, or peroxide.  The gas treatment may be combined with or preceded or followed by a treatment with electrolytes as defined in Specification 287,943, with other liquid or solid modifying agents as defined in Specification 321,724, [Class 91, Oils &c.], or with metals, metal oxides, metal hydroxides, or solid or liquid acids whether organic or inorganic.  Either or both treatments may be carried out during emulsification.  The emulsion may be vulcanized at the same time and accelerators or super accelerators may be used.  Fillers may be added at any stage preferably before emulsification.  The products may be mixed with latex or used alone in place of rubber latex.  Dilute emulsions may be used, after concentration if necessary, for impregnating textiles; the disperse phase may be coagulated in the known ways and used in place of rubber.  The process may include exposure to X-rays, ultra-violet rays &c., and the addition of non-metallic organic secondary agents such as described in Specification 287,943, [Class 70, Indiarubber &c.].  In examples (1) Chinawood oil which has been modified by heating with sodium hydrosulphite is mixed with stearic acid and emulsified by stirring with water; stearic acid and casein are added to the emulsion, sodium sulphate is added as precipitant and the whole agitated in air at 70 DEG  C. for 2 to 3 weeks with daily exposure in shallow dishes to ultra-violet light.  The product is coagulated with formic acid or is made alkaline with ammonia and treated with magnesium peroxide and agitated in air at 80 DEG  C. for 7 to 14 days yielding a rubber-like substance; (2) ammonia, stearic acid, casein and starch are added to the emulsion of the modified oil and stearic acid, with cadmium iodide as precipitant, and in the subsequent treatment barium peroxide is used in place of magnesium peroxide and ammonia, so that flocculation of the disperse phase occurs yielding a rubber-like mass; (3) stearic acid and peptone are added to the emulsion of the modified oil, cadmium iodide is added as precipitant, and the whole agitated in air for 10 days with periodical exposure to ultraviolet light; (4) the modified oil is emulsified with aqueous ammonia, stearic acid peptone and starch are dispersed in the emulsion, benzoquinone is added and the mixture stirred at 70 DEG  C. in sulphuretted hydrogen for 8 hours, cadmium iodide is added and sulphuretted hydrogen is bubbled through the alkaline liquid for 4 to 5 days; the product is suitable for mixing with rubber latex.  Specification 321,694, [Class 70, Indiarubber &c.], also is referred to.