baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-876326-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture of transistors
Inventor: BESTLER GERALD M
IPC: H01L21/00
Filed: 1957-10-03
Abstract: 876,326. Transistors. MINNEOPOLISHONEYWELL REGULATOR CO. Oct. 3, 1957, No. 31013/57. Class 37. In preparing a transistor by alloying material to a semi-conductor body in a first heat treatment, and subsequently alloying the same material to another part of the body in a second heat treatment to form a second junction, the maximum temperature used in the first heat treatment exceeds that used in the second. This ensures that the first junction is unaffected by the subsequent heat treatments. In one embodiment a rectangular monocrystalline wafer 13 of 4 ohm cm. N-type germanium is lapped and etched and a pellet of indium 16 applied to its surface. The assembly is then subjected to a heat treatment in an inert atmosphere, e.g. hydrogen, including a period of five minutes at 925‹ F. It is cooled for ten minutes at a rate of 20‹ F. per minute and then allowed to cool to room temperature in the furnace. A second pellet 17 of indium is then applied to the opposite surface of the wafer and the assembly subjected to a second heating cycle involving a maximum temperature of 875‹ F. sustained for five minutes. The assembly is then cooled as before to form a second alloyed junction. An annular base electrode 18 surrounding the zone 15a to be used as emitter is provided and the body cleaned by etching in an acid solution. Gallium, aluminium or mixtures thereof may be used instead of indium and silicon instead of germanium.
Patent GB-1073534-A (GB)
Title: Device for regulating flight mach number
Inventor: AUBERT JACQUES
IPC: F02K3/00
Filed: 1964-08-04
Abstract: 1,073,534. Reheat fuel control systems. SOC. NATIONALE D'ETUDE ET DE CONSTRUCTION DE MOTEURS D'AVIATION, Aug. 4, 1964 [Aug. 13, 1963], No. 31206/64. Heading F1J. [Also in Division G3] A gas turbine jet propulsion engine includes a pneumatic regulator acting on the fuel supply to continuously regulate the engine thrust and responsive to the engine compressor delivery pressure reduced by a pressure reduction coefficient which is modulated as a continuous function of the delivery pressure. The pneumatic regulator includes a pressure reducing unit 1 divided into chambers 2, 3 by a partition 4 having an orifice 5, the flow cross-section of which is controlled by a tapered needle 6 attached to evacuated capsules 7 under the action of compressor outlet pressure P 2  of the engine. A reduced pressure # m P 2 , in which # m  is the pressure reduction coefficient of unit 1, is transmitted through a pipe 10 to act on reheat fuel control devices. The taper of needle 6 is such that # m  is inversely proportional to P 2 . A second orifice 11, opening to ambient pressure P o  and controlled by needle 12 manually or automatically in response to Mach meter 13, adapts pressure # m P 2  to the required conditions. In a modified unit (1b), Fig. 4 (not shown), compressor outlet pressure P 2  is applied to the interior of capsules 7 through an electric cock (E 3 ) and to a chamber (3b) through an orifice (15). The reduced pressure # m P 2  is communicated through electric cocks (E 2I , E 2II ) to capsules (D I , D II ) respectively controlling the individual reheat fuel valves in a twin engine installation. During normal reheat operation the cocks (E 2I , E 2II , E 3 ) are closed and the capsules (D I , D II ) are controlled by pressures #P 2  communicated through cocks (E 1I , E 1II ) from conventional reducing units (R I , R II ) respectively, coefficient # being constant. To bring the reducing unit (1b) into operation cocks (E 2I , E 2II , E 3 ) are opened and cocks (E 1I , E 1II ) closed. In a modification, Fig. 5 (not shown), a manometric device (23) connects the chambers containing the capsules (D I , D II ) to put the reducing unit (1b) out of operation in the event of any unbalance.
Patent GB-211221-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in vacuum tubes
IPC: H01J9/50
Filed: 1922-11-15
Abstract: 211,221. Robinson, E. Y. Nov. 15, 1922. Vacuum tubes.-A tube of the type adapted to be evacuated during operation and having two or more parts connected bv a non-permanent seal. is arranged so that the electrodes are separated by a small gap, and is provided with means for registering the rarts so that the electrodes are accurately spaced. As shown in Figs. 1 and 2 the cathode 3 is mounted on a re-entrant stem 8 sealed to a tube having a conical portion 11 which is ground into a corresponding part of the anode and sealed thereto by wax or in the manner described in Specification 207,590. Packing pieces may be employed for spacing the cathode and anode before sealing the tubes 8, 10, or a dummy electrode mav be mounted on the tube 8. The cathode may be of the type described in Specification 205,613 consisting of a tube of tungsten, molybdenum, platinum or nickel coated with. oxide of barium, strontium or calcium, and heated by a discharge from an internal tube 15, which may be heated at starting by a filament 16. Screens 4, 5 may be provided, as described in Specification 195,691, for confining the discharge. The cathode parts, the screens, and optionally a grid are mounted on a support so that they may be removed as a whole without disturbing the spacing. For this purpose the tubes 3, 15 are mounted on stems 17, 18 brazed to a metal holder 21 andtube 22 respectively, and the filament and shield 4 on stems 19, 20 brazed to nickel supports insulated by steatite 25. Copper foil may bewrapped around the stems 17, 18 before brazing in a furnace. The shields 5 may consist of sheet molybdenum wrapped around the stems. The holder 21 is secured to a sleeve 26 mounted on a split tube 6, which is secured to the tube 8 by clamps or binding wire 9. In a modification the grid and shields are supported on the anode. A conical joint 13 at the other end of the anodemakes connection through an insulating pipe, and cooling and drying traps with a pump forcontinuous evacuation. A cooling jacket 12 is provided for the anode. In a modification the cathode support is provided with a tubular guidethe diameter of which approximates to that of a part of the anode, so as to register the partsduring insertion of the cathodes.
Patent GB-1553474-A (GB)
Title: Reactive metal complex disao dyestuffs
IPC: C09B62/095
Filed: 1977-07-26
Abstract: Novel copper, cobalt and chromium complexes of disazo dyes of the formula <IMAGE> wherein the substituents are defined in Claim 1, are prepared by treating the disazo dyes of formula I with copper, cobalt or chromium donors. The dyes obtained may be used for dyeing and printing materials containing hydroxyl groups or amide groups.
Patent GB-1532459-A (GB)
Title: Reverse osmosis membranes
IPC: B01D71/40
Filed: 1976-07-28
Abstract: 1532459 Coated semipermeable membrane CONSIGLIO NAZIONALE DELLE RICERCHE 28 July 1976 [30 July 1975] 31350/76 Heading B2E A supported anisotropic reverse osmosis membrane is made by (i) coating a porous base with a water-soluble polymer resistant to temperatures of 80-140C to form a support, (ii) spreading on to the support a solution of a polyamide and a water-soluble salt in a water-miscible organic polar solvent that is a non-solvent for the water-soluble polymer, (iii) heating the material to evaporate part of said solvent, and (iv) immersing the material into an aqueous medium to coagulate the polyamide, and to remove the salt, water-soluble polymer and residual solvent. Optionally (v) the final product is heated by immersion in hot water to improve saline rejection. The base may be a woven polypropylene, rayon, vinylidene chloride polymer, acrylonitrile polymer, glass, asbestos, cotton or polyethylene terephthalate fabric in flat or tubular form. In step (i) the polymer may be poly(meth)acrylic acid, acrylic acidacrylamide or -vinylpyrrolidone copolymer, poly (vinyl methyl) ether, poly (meth) acrylamide, acrylamide - dimethylamino (acryl / propyl) amide copolymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer, methyl cellulose or hydroxy- or carboxy-alkyl cellulose and may be applied as an aqueous solution by dipping for 1 second-1 hour or spreading, and ovendried for 1 min-1 hour at 40-140C. In step (ii) the polyamide may be a condensate of piperazine or a derivative thereof with an acid, a phthalic acid-phenylenediamine condensate or one containing a benzimidazolic group, specific examples being given, the salt may be LiCl, LiNO 3 , LiBr, CaCl 2 , ZnCl 2 , MgCl 2  or Mg(ClO 4 ) 2  and the solvent may be di(m)ethyl formamide, di(m)ethyl acetamide, dimethylsulphoxide, N-methyl pyrrolidone or tetramethylsulphone. The solution may contain 5-60 wt. % polyamide, the polyamide: salt wt. ratio being 1:1-10:1. The solution may be applied to a thickness of 0.02- 0.8mm., various spreading techniques including extrusion being specified. In step (iii) evaporation may be carried out in an oven at 40-180C for 1 min-3 hours. In step (iv) the aqueous medium may contain salt or alcohol; immersion may be carried out at 0-30C for 1-60 mins, e.g. using ice water. In step (v) immersion may be carried out for 1 min-5 hours at 40-100C.
Patent GB-1494051-A (GB)
Title: Electric circuit interrupting devices
IPC: H01T1/04
Filed: 1975-07-26
Abstract: 1494051 Overcurrent protection ENGLISH ELECTRIC VALVE CO Ltd 26 April 1976 [26 July 1975] 31372/75 Headings H2H and H2K [Also in Division H1] The current supply to a circuit element 12 is interrupted by a gas-discharge switch 16 (see Division H1) when excessive current is detected by a device 20 in the supply line. The switch 16 (Fig. 1, not shown) comprises a gas or vapourfilled tube with several control grids 5, 6, 7 apertured for passage of the discharge and coils 10, 11 for providing a magnetic field normal to the path of the discharge. The device 20 actuates a pulse generator 22 which applies a pulse to the coils 10, 11 the effect of which is to quench the discharge, and hence to interrupt the current. Normally, control grid 6 is connected to a source 18 of negative bias by a switch 17. In the other position of the switch, a source 19 of positive pulses is connected to the grid 6 to initiate the discharge. The detector 20 may be dispensed with and the generator 22 controlled by the switch 17. The switch 17 may be actuated by a timing device for alternately switching the current on and off.
Patent GB-488084-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to machines for grinding coffee beans or like material
IPC: A47J42/46
Filed: 1937-11-15
Abstract: 488,084. Driving-gear for coffee mills. JENNINGS, H. W. K. (Allgemeine Elektricitats-Ges.) Nov. 15, 1937, No. 31410. [Class 59] [Also in Group XXXV] The motor of a machine for grinding coffee beans or like material has its rotor A loosely mounted with respect to the driving shaft B to which it is coupled by a spring C secured to pins D, d on the shaft and rotor respectively, pins E, e being provided to limit the free movement. As the motor stops, the spring imparts a small backward movement to the shaft.
Patent GB-324696-A (GB)
Title: Electric discharge devices for producing a photographic record of fluctuations in current
IPC: H01J17/00
Filed: 1928-10-30
Abstract: 324,696. Lindemann, F. A. Oct. 30, 1928. Vacuum tubes. - In a light source for use in photographically recording electric c fluctuations, caused, for example, by sound waves, and consisting of a lamp containing a gas at a low pressure, an anode and a cathode, an opaque screen is secured within or on the envelope and is provided with a narrow cathode-light transmitting slit close to the envelope and extending parallel to the length of the light-emitting surface of the cathode. As shown in Fig. 1, two screens 12, 13 are employed, these being constituted by metallic layers deposited on the exterior and interior of the envelope. Slits 14, 16 are formed by cutting through these layers, and between them and the cathode 17 may be situated a lens 15, the photographic film 18 being arranged close to the envelope. In a modification, Fig. 2, the exterior shield is replaced by a cylindrical anode 27 having a slit 29 in line with the cathode 8 and the slit 16. To prevent metal sputtered from the cathode from collecting on the shield a transparent cylindrical screen 28 is employed which may be rotated when required. In a second modification, Fig. 3, the anode and cathode are constituted by plates 30, 32 arranged edgewise to the slits; the cathode may be set back from the line of the slits. In this form, the cathode is supported by an insulating backing 33 and the screens are arranged as in Fig. 1. Specification 214,274 is referred to.
Patent GB-511902-A (GB)
Title: System for multiplex telephony using go and return paths in one star cable
IPC: H04B3/00
Filed: 1938-10-31
Abstract: 511,902. Multiplex systems. STANDARD TELEPHONES & CABLES, Ltd. Oct. 31, 1938, No. 31443. Convention date, Oct. 30, 1937. [Class 40 (iv)] In a system employing different frequency ranges for the two directions, the side circuits of a star cable provide the lower frequency channels for one direction, while the phantom circuit provides the higher frequency channels for the other direction. To compensate for the increased attenuation of the higher frequencies, an additional repeater is inserted in the phantom circuit midway between each pair of repeater stations, and low-pass filters N are included in the side circuits at that point.
Patent GB-1475894-A (GB)
Title: Collection of condensed water vapour in a cooking appliance
IPC: A47J36/06
Filed: 1974-07-16
Abstract: 1475894 Collecting condensed water vapour in cooking SEB SA 16 July 1974 [2 Aug 1973] 31541/74 Heading A4A A device for collecting condensed water vapour in a cooking appliance, comprises a lid 4 articulated on a cooking vessel I, the lower surface of the lid being provided with a plate 6 having apertues 13, the bottom (50), Fig. 6 (not shown) of the plate forming an inner basin for retaining the condensed water vapour when the lid is in the closed position, the edge 7 of the plate including an orifice 14 for discharging the water when, in use, the lid is opened. In the inclined metal plate 6, e.g. of aluminium, the inlets 13 are in staggered relationship and have orifices extending towards the articulation point of the lid, a shaft A, the edges of inlets adjacent the plate being raised in projections (13a), (Fig. 6). A container 17 is removably mounted on a holder 16 integral with a handle 15 of vessel 1, the handle being under shaft A, water being conveyed to this container from the discharge orifice 14, (route F1) see Fig. 3 (not shown), when the lid is open via an aperture (22, Fig. 3) in the handle 15, route F4. The container holder 16 has at least one aperture 18 and the container 17 at least one hook 19 adapted to engage apertures 18, each hook 19 having two resilient arms hooked at their bottom parts. The central part of lid 4 includes a filter 5 fillable with e.g. carbon and having slots 5a. Plate 6 is removably mounted under lid 4 and its edge 7 seals by means of seal 8 and has a central elongate aperture 9 accommodating the head of a lug 11 which can rotate around its axis to facilitate separation of plate 6 from lid 4. Lid 4 is articulated by pivots 3 around shaft A, but in an alternative embodiment, Figs. 7, 8 (not shown), side pieces (31) of the handle 15 have notches (32) for pivots 3 borne by the projection (33) of the lid 4, inlets (32a) of notches (32) being partly blocked by resilient pins (34) one end of each of which grips handle 15 and the other end forms a retractable strip (35) which hold pivots 3 in position. The pins (34) rest in recesses (36) in the handle 15 and are locked by the vessel wall when the handle is in the position of (Fig. 8). Alternatively, container 17 and holder 16 may be omitted, water then being collected in a receptacle under aperture 22 in holder 15.
Patent GB-1061648-A (GB)
Title: Pulse-phase modulation multi-channel time multiplex system
IPC: H04J3/00
Filed: 1963-09-09
Abstract: 1,061,648. Multiplex pulse signalling. BUDAVOX BUDAPESTI HIRADASTECHNIKAI VALLALAT. Sept. 9, 1963 [Dec. 19, 1962], No. 31624/63. Heading H4L. A pulse phase modulation multi-channel time multiplex system with similar end, relay and branch stations, each station comprising at least one transmitter and receiver, at least two synchronizing signal separating circuits, and for each channel in a channel unit a modulator and demodulator circuit, is characterized in that a programme circuit is inserted between the receiver and transmitter, or in an end station between a pulse generator and the transmitter, the programme circuit being connected to at least one channel unit by means of a line transmitting information and by means of at least two auxiliary signal lines. Fig. 1 shows a branching station comprising receivers la, 1b, synchronizing signal separator units 2a, 2b, time divider units 5a, 5b, programme units 3a, 3b and transmitters 4a, 4b for two directions respectively. A channel unit 6a and local connection unit 7a is provided for each of the channels to be branched off, e.g. to a telephone line. Channel unit 6a includes a demodulator for incoming signals and a modulator for outgoing signals which are supplied over a signal line 11a and auxiliary lines 8a-10a to programme unit 3b. At a terminal station, Fig. 2 (not shown), units 3b, 4b, 6a and 7a are omitted and receiver 1a is replaced by a pulse generator. At a relay station, Fig. 3 (not shown), units 5a and 5b are omitted and units 7a and 7b replaced by a connection coupled to units 6a and 6b to provide a service channel. Fig. 5 shows the construction of a programme unit 3 connected to a receiver by line 13 and to a transmitter by line 25. Normally signals from the receiver pass through AND gate 33 to OR circuit 35 and output circuit 21. In the case of series branching, local signals on line 11 pass through a signal shaping and amplifier stage 18 which causes unit 22 to open AND gate 32 and close gate 33, thereby substituting the local signals for the branched signals in the output. In the case of parallel branching, an auxiliary signal on line 8 passes through delay unit 19 to a gate 30 which is closed if there is an output signal in unit 21 to give priority to incoming signals. If gate 30 is open, the signal on line 8 operates the gating circuit 22 to allow local signals on line 11 to pass to the output. In a modified programme unit, Fig. 6 (not shown), two auxiliary lines are used instead of the three used in Fig. 5.
Patent GB-1278480-A (GB)
Title: Voluminous textile piece
Inventor: JAHN EGON
IPC: D04H11/08
Filed: 1969-06-23
Abstract: 1278480 Stitch-piled fabrics HALBMOND TEPPICHE VEB 23 June 1969 31632/69 Headings D1K and D1R A voluminous sheet-form textile material is formed by (a) bonding a fibre layer 1 to one face of a base web 2 by drawing loops from the fibre layer through the base web and forming them into chain stitch seams 3 on the other face of the web, and (b) bonding a second fibre layer 4 to the other face of the web by means of loops drawn from the second fibre layer through both the web and the first fibre layer and formed into chain stitch seams 5 on the first fibre layer. The two fibre layers may be of equal or unequal thickness, density or colour and may include a proportion of metal fibres. The base web may be of woven, knitted, fleece or foamed material or may consist of a layer of loose longitudinal or transverse threads; foil may also be used.
Patent GB-406092-A (GB)
Title: Process for the production of lactic acid and its salts
IPC: C12P7/56
Filed: 1932-11-09
Abstract: Lead and zinc lactates are produced by adding the corresponding carbonates to a lactic acid solution produced by treating vegetable and other food residues from household refuse first with "fission fungi" or moulds to convert cellulose and starch into simpler carbohydrates, and then with lactic bacteria such as B. Delbruckii.ALSO:Cellulose-containing ingredients of household refuse, such as fruit, vegetable and other food residues, are inoculated, without mashing, with "fission-fungi" or moulds capable of converting cellulose and starch into simpler carbohydrates, and the product is then fermented by means of lactic bacteria such as B. Delbruckii. The lactic acid may be concentrated as such or may be recovered as a lactate by adding a suitable precipitant such as calcium, lead or zinc carbonate.
Patent GB-345283-A (GB)
Title: Process for reducing cross-talk in telephone lines
IPC: H04B3/34
Filed: 1929-10-18
Abstract: 345,283. Preventing inductive disturbance. SIEMENS & HALSKE AKT.- GES., Siemensstadt, Berlin. Oct. 18, 1929, No. 31689. Convention date, Sept. 25. Drawings to Specification. [Class 40 (iv).] In order to avoid cross-talk between adjacent lines, the magnetic and capacity couplings between the lines are tested separately and the former are compensated by wire crossings and the latter by added condensers, the compensations being made in sections of cable short in comparison with the wave-lengths of the speaking currents e.g. in sections of 500 metres. The magnetic couplings are measured with the distant ends of the lines shortcircuited so as to render the capacity couplings ineffective whilst the capacity couplings are measured with the distant ends open-circuited so that the magnetic couplings are ineffective. Further systematic crossings may be made in order to render the inductances of the speaking circuits as alike as possible and in addition in order to avoid farend cross-talk still further crossings may be made in lengths large in comparison with the previouslymentioned sections.
Patent GB-281649-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to centrifugalizing machines
IPC: B04B1/14
Filed: 1927-11-26
Abstract: 281,649. Krupp Akt.-Ges., F. Dec. 4, 1926, [Convention date]. Void [Published under Sect. 91 of the Acts]. Density separators; discharging.-A centrifugal machine for clarifying liquids has a sliding member operated by the centrifugal pressure of contained liquid to permit the discharge of sediment, the sliding member having an internal projection the sides of which may be exposed alternately to the liquid pressure. The machine is driven from an electric motor by a belt round the pulley H<2> and the upper ball bearing H is supported on a spherical surface Y to allow for oscillation. Between the cap G and the drum bottom C is an annular gap d<2> which is closed when the slide D is in its raised position bearing on the rubber ring d as shown. The internal flange d<1> on the slide divides the space between the plates C, E into two annular chambers k<2>, k<3> each provided with fluid admission and discharge valves p<1>, p<2>, q<1>, q<2>. The valves are connected together by rocking levers so that the discharge valve of one chamber is closed when its admission valve is open, and they are connected to a weighted stem T which can be raised by a handle S. The liquid to be treated is supplied through the pipe U and passes through the inlet V and the passages v<1> to the space inside the cap G. The clear liquid flows through the filter f and the holes of the ring g through the annular space v<2> to the trcugh W with the spout w<1>. The sediment collects in the space between the cap G and the bottom C. Any excess liquid supplied may be caught at the neck of the machine to operate a balanced arm to throttle the supply and to open the drum. To discharge the sediment the handle S is operated to lift the stem T, thereby opening valves p', q<2> and the closing valves p<2>, q<1>. The pump R maintains a circulation of liquid which fills the upper chamber k<2> and escapes through the valve q<2> in the lower chamber. This liquid causes the slide D to drop so that the solids are discharged into the trough Land are carried round by scrapers n to the outlet n<1>. When the handle S is released the weight of the stem T causes it to .drop and operate the valves to cause the liquid to occupy the chamber k<3> to raise the slide.