Patent GB-190001555-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the Method of Transmitting Electric Energy through Ether, and Devices for same.
Inventor: FORESIO EMILE GUARINI
Filed: 1900-01-24
Granted: 1901-01-24
Abstract: 1555. Foresio, E. G. Jan. 24. Radiations, electromagnetic, controlling and actuating apparatus by; distributing.-Relates to methods and means for transmitting electric energy through ether, without wires or along guiding-wires, and utilizing the transmitted energy for operating telegraphic and telephonic instruments or electromotors. A source of electricity 10 is placed in circuit with a coil 7 and a spark gap 8, 9. If the electromotive force is sufficient, a constant stream of sparks passes between 8, 9, each spark causing a make and break of the circuit; the spark gap thus acts as a very rapidlyoperated switch. By properly proportioning the resistance, self-induction, and capicity, each current can be made to rise slowly and fall rapidly, or the reverse. If the source 10 is direct, the effect is to produce in the secondary 39 of the coil or transformer 38 intermittent currents in the same or opposite directions to that of the source. If the source is alternating, intermittent Hertzian currents are produced in the coil 39 alternating with the source. The coil 39 is in circuit with a line-wire forming an open circuit with the primary 40 of a transformer at the receiving - station. When the source is alternating, the arrangement shown in Fig. 17 is adopted. A key or telegraphic instrument or telephone may be placed in circuit with the source 10, and a corresponding instrument or motor in the terminals 43, 44. Fig. 19 shows an arrangement in which the voice controls a vibrating disc 48 which varies the strength of an electromagnet energized by a battery 51 and in circuit with the primary of a transformer 45. An Edison's aÙrophone may be used to augment the effect of the voice. The Hertzian waves sent along the line-wire may be made to act on a coherer 60, Fig. 22, which is constantly rotated to de-sensitize it. The variation of resistance in the coherer circuit causes a variation of the current produced by the source 71, and consequently a corresponding variation of the current in the secondary of the transformer 72 in which is placed the receiving-instrument 53. The receiving-instrument may be in the coherer circuit. The apparatus shown in Fig. 22 may be used as a telephone relay in a system having a wire or earth return, the circuit 73 leading to another station. If an alternating source 10 and key 74, Fig. 24, be used at the sending-station, a coherer 60, operating a relay 76 in circuit with a morse receiver 75, may be used at the receiving-station. When no linewire is used, equal-sized and exactly-parallel radiators and collectors are employed for sending a parallel constant - sectioned beam of radiations from one station to another. The radiators are preferably of polygonal - section wire, and are insulated and covered on all but one face with a metal sheath. The radiation is stated to be always normal to the exposed face, as indicated in Figs. 33 and 34. The metal sheath may be connected to the radiator wire, and both insulated from earth ; the sheath and wire are in open circuit when high frequency is used, and in closed circuit when the frequency is low. Induction and reflection prevent radiation from the sheathed surfaces, and correspondingly increase the radiation from the exposed surface. Circular-sectioned wire may be used for the radiator wires. The radiator or collector wires may be wound into spirals, one half of the spiral being shielded as indicated in Fig. 52. The back of each spiral may be covered by a metal shield adjusted so as to reflect the radiations. The spiral radiators and collectors may replace the line-wire &c. in the arrangements described above. The beam of radiations remains parallel to itself. and may be deflected by prisms and reflecting. surfaces. The radiators and collectors must be arranged when no prisms and reflectors are used so as to be exactly parallel. They may be set by means of a compass and a star observation.