Patent GB-709733-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to aqueous emulsions of paraffin wax or halogenated derivatives thereof
IPC: C09K23/00
Filed: 1951-05-24
Abstract: An aqueous emulsion suitable as a lubricant in metal working operations comprises an aqueous medium containing emulsified therein either a paraffin wax (melting point at least 160 DEG F., average molecular weight above 475, consisting predominantly of straight-chain paraffin hydrocarbons, and isolated from a mineral oil residue) or a halogenated derivative of such a paraffin wax, and also containing an organic oil-soluble acidic wetting agent and an emulsifier.  Wetting agents mentioned are fatty acids having at least 10 carbon atoms in the molecule, the alkyl- or alkenyl-substituted polycarboxylic acids in which the COOH radicles are preferably attached to adjacent carbon atoms or are separated by not more than about 4 atoms, the partial esters, partial amides or partial salts of polycarboxylic acids, the organo-inorganic acidic compounds containing inorganic acid radicles such as sulphonic, phosphoric, phosphonic and phosphinic acid radicles and the partial esters of such acidic compounds. Examples of these various types of wetting agents are given. Emulsifiers mentioned are soaps, sulphonates and particularly emulsifiers which form oil-in-water type emulsions such as organic esters containing one or more unesterified alcoholic OH groups, preferably in close proximity to an ester group, for example the neutral partial esters of polyhydric alcohols and monocarboxylic acids and mixtures thereof.  These esters may be modified by hydrogenation or ethylene oxide condensation.  The emulsions may contain additional ingredients, particularly fillers such as graphite, molybdenum disulphide or soap, extreme pressure agents such as sulphurized and/or sulphurized-phosphorized organic compounds, oiliness agents such as lanolin and degras, metal salicylates, oleates or sulphonates, salts of inorganic acids such as the metal phosphate, zinc oxide, alkali metal nitrites and fatty oils.  In the examples (i) the waxes employed are paraffin wax of M.P. 180-185 DEG F. or 160-165 DEG F. and chlorinated paraffin wax (M.P. of wax 180-185 DEG F.; 20-40 per cent. Cl), (ii) the wetting agents employed are dilauryl or dioleyl phosphate, dioleyl thiophosphate, sulphonated castor oil, mixture of C4-C18 alkenyl succinic acids, monolauryl amide of a mixture of C4-C18 alkenyl succinic acids, oleic acid and phosphated castor oil fatty acid, (iii) the emulsifiers mentioned are sorbitan mono-oleate or monostearate, glycol monostearate, mannitol mono-oleate, polyethylene oxide derivatives of sorbitan monostearate or mannitol monolaurate, pentaerythritol mono-oleate, and triethanolamine, (iv) other ingredients mentioned are graphite, molybdenum disulphide and sodium petroleum sulphonate, and (v) the waxes are emulsified with water.  Details are given of the isolation of suitable paraffin waxes from petroleum residue with the aid of dewaxing solvents and deoiling solvents.  Details are also given of the halogenation of the paraffin waxes.  Specifications 694,004 and 709,732 and U.S.A. Specifications 2,186,916, 2,340,968, 2,370,787, 2,372,414 and 2,403,179, are referred to.