Patent GB-793152-A (GB)
Title: Lubricant additives
IPC: C07F5/06
Filed: 1956-08-14
Abstract: The invention comprises the reaction products of a phosphosulphurized hydrocarbon and an aluminium alcoholate, the alcohol residues of which may be the same or different and are derived from aliphatic, preferably saturated, alcohols containing 1-20, preferably 3-8 carbon atoms.  Suitable hydrocarbons are paraffins, olefins, olefin polymers with a molecular weight of 100 to 50,000, diolefins, acetylenes, aromatics, alkylaromatics, cycloaliphatics, araliphatics and petroleum fractions.  Preferred hydrocarbon materials are isobutylene polymers having molecular weights in the range 100 to 50,000, preferably 250 to 10,000, and more preferably 500 to 2000, and refined mineral lubricating oil bright stocks, preferably those which have been deasphalted, solvent extracted or acid treated, dewaxed and filtered, having S.S.U. viscosities at 210 DEG  F. in the range 100 to 200, preferably 130 to 170.  Phosphosulphurization is carried out by reacting the hydrocarbon with a phosphorus sulphide, e.g. P2S3, P2S5, P4S7, &c., preferably P2S5, at a temperature of 200 DEG  to 600 DEG  F., preferably 300 DEG  to 550 DEG  F., using from 1 to 10, preferably 2 to 5, molecular proportions of hydrocarbon to 1 molecular proportion of phosphorus sulphide, and advantageously in an inert atmosphere. The reaction time is not critical and from 2 to 10 hours may be required.  If desired, the product may be blown with steam, alcohol, ammonia or an amine at 200 DEG  to 600 DEG  F. to improve its odour.  1 to 2 mols. of phosphosulphurized hydrocarbon is reacted with each mol. of aluminium alcoholate at a temperature of 150-450 DEG  F., preferably 200-350 DEG  F., more preferably 275-325 DEG  F., for 0.2 to 10 hours, preferably 2-6, more preferably 3-5 hours.  The reaction may be carried out in a solvent such as a mineral lubricating oil, preferably in such proportions as to form a composition containing 25 to 75 per cent active ingredient (reaction product).  If desired the by-product alcohol may be removed, e.g. by blowing with an inert gas, or vacuum distillation.  The products are added to lubricating and other oils, greases, hydraulic fluids and the like (see Group III).  In an example: polyisobutylene (M.W. 1100) is heated with P2S5 at 425 DEG  F. for 10 hours in a stream of nitrogen, the mixture cooled to 350 DEG  F., a solvent extracted paraffinic mineral oil distillate added and the solution filtered; the filtrate is mixed with a solution of aluminium amylate in kerosene and the mixture heated to 300 DEG  F. for 3 hours, nitrogen being blown through the solution during this period to remove amyl alcohol and kerosene.ALSO:Lubricating oil compositions contain the reaction products of a phosphosulphurized hydrocarbon and an aluminium alcoholate, the alcohol residues of which may be the same or different and are derived from aliphatic, preferably saturated, alcohols containing 1-20 carbon atoms.  Suitable hydrocarbons are paraffins, olefins, olefin polymers, diolefins, acetylenes, aromatics, alkylaromatics, cycloaliphatics, araliphatics and petroleum fractions.  Preferred hydrocarbon materials are isobutylene polymers and refined mineral lubricating oil bright stocks.  (For preparation of the reaction products see Group IV (b)).  The reaction products may be added to lubricating oils as detergents and inhibitors in proportions of 0.01 to 20 per cent by weight or more. It is convenient to prepare a concentrated oil solution containing 25 to 50 per cent by weight of additive.  Other detergent additives may be present such as metal soaps, sulphonates, phenates, alcoholates, alkylphenol sulphides, organo phosphates, thiophosphates, phosphites, thiophisphites, salicylates, xanthates, thioxanthates, and thiocarbamates; amines; reaction products of metal phenates and sulphur or phosphorus sulphides; metal phenol sulphonates; phenols; phenol sulphides.  Suitable oil base stocks include mineral oils, blends of animal, vegetable or fish oils or their hydrogenated or voltolized products with mineral oils and synthetic oils such as esters and complex esters, polyethers, polymerized olefines, oxo products, coal hydrogenation products, halocarbon oils (e.g. polychlorotrifluoroethylene), silicone oils, phosphate esters, sulphite esters, carbonate esters, mercaptals, formals, and polyglycols.  Other agents may be present such as dyes, pour depressors; heat thickened fatty oils; sulphurized fatty oils; organo-metallic compounds; sludge dispersers; anti-oxidants; thickeners; viscosity index improvers; oiliness agents; resins; rubber; olefin polymers; volatolized fats; minerals oils and/or waxes; and colloidal solids such as graphite and zinc oxide; also solvents and assisting agents such as esters, ketones, alcohols, aldehydes and halogenated or nitrated compounds.  The reaction products may be used in cutting oils, flushing oils, turbine oils, transformer oils, industrial oils, process oils and gear lubricants and greases.  In an example: polyisobutylene (M.W. 1100) is heated with P2S5, a solvent extracted paraffinic mineral oil distillate added and the solution filtered; the filtrate is mixed with a solution of aluminium amylate in kerosene and the mixture heated to 300 DEG  F., nitrogen being blown through the solution during heating to remove amyl alcohol and kerosene; the filtered product is blended with a mixture of approximately 75 per cent of a solvent extracted neutral mineral oil and 25 per cent of a solvent extracted mineral oil bright stock.ALSO:Oil-soluble lubricating oil additives are made by heating 1 to 2 mols. of a phospho-sulphurized hydrocarbon with 1 mol. of an aluminium alcoholate derived from aliphatic alcohols containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms.  Suitable hydrocarbons are the polymers of ethylene, propylene, butylene, isobutylene, n- and iso-amylenes, 2-methyl- and 2-ethyl-butene-1 and hexenes, copolymers thereof and with butadiene, isoprene, chloroprene, cyclopentadiene,2,3-dimethylbutadiene, pentadiene-1,3, hexadienes-1,4 and -2,4,terpenes and acetylene.  Polyisobutylenes having molecular weights of 100 to 50,000 are preferred.  The reaction is carried out at 150-450 DEG  F., e.g. in a solvent such as a mineral lubricating oil.  The product may be purified by blowing with an inert gas at elevated temperature or by vacuum distillation.  In the example polyisobutylene is heated with P2S5 at 425 DEG  F. for 10 hours under nitrogen, the mixture cooled to 350 DEG  F., a solvent extracted paraffinic mineral oil distillate added and the solution filtered. The filtrate is heated with a solution of aluminium amylate in kerosene at 300 DEG  F. for 3 hours, nitrogen being blown through the solution to remove amyl alcohol or kerosene.