baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-797232-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to high vacuum ion pumps
IPC: H01J41/20
Filed: 1956-02-28
Abstract: 797,232. Obtaining high vacua. ARDENNE, M. VON. Feb. 28, 1956 [July 11, 1955], No. 6097/56. Class 8(1). [Also in Group XL(a)] A high vacuum ion pump in which ionization of the gas takes place in a cold cathode Penning discharge has an anode of grid formation through which the ions are shot by means of an electrostatic screening field into a layer of metal condensate which is constantly renewed by cathode atomization. The Penning discharge is established in the magnetic field of a magnet 1 and yoke 2 at discharge potentials of 400-1800 volts and discharge currents of 0À2 to 2 amps and is maintainable at pressures of less than 10-5 Tor. The initial vacuum of about 10-3-10-4 Tor is established by an auxiliary pump connected at 6. The grid anode 3 is made of tungsten or molybdenum and the cold cathode 4, cooled by coils 5, of titanium or magnesium, which is atomized during the discharge and condensed on electrodes 9, 10 maintained at -500 volts relative to the anode. The non-rare gas components are gettered on the vaporized cathode metal and together with the rare gas components are removed from the system and deposited with the condensate on the collectors 9, 10.
Patent GB-1377861-A (GB)
Title: Spinning and twisting frames
Inventor: MCCOMBS C
IPC: D01H7/08
Filed: 1972-02-09
Abstract: 1377861 Ring-spinning frame; spindle adjustment C McCOMBS 9 Feb 1972 [10 Feb 1971] 6098/72 Heading D1D In a ring spinning frame, a spindle assembly clamped to rail C by nut 11 is aligned with ring 18 by adjustment of equi-spaced screws 16 which bear on the rail and which are supported in ring D integral with or press-fitted on the spindle assembly. Three screws 16 may be used.
Patent GB-501513-A (GB)
Title: An improved process for hydrolysing cellulose and cellulose complexes
IPC: C13K1/02
Filed: 1937-08-30
Abstract: 501,513. Glucose. TOURNEL, M. C. G. Aug. 30, 1937, No. 6319 /36. [Class 127] cellulose-containing materials are treated, before hydrolysis, to eliminate or transform inert components. The treatment comprises eliminating the hemi-celluloses, as by treatment with, 5 to 10 per cent nitric acid, hydrogenating or reducing the resultant materials, treating the products with a reactant, e.g. urea, with which the sugar materials form protected complexes, hydrolysing the product and finally decomposing the complexes to liberate sugar.
Patent GB-550222-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to internal combustion engines
IPC: F02B75/28
Filed: 1941-05-16
Abstract: 550,222. Two-stroke engines. BIRD, J. T. May 16, 1941, No. 6352. [Class 7 (ii)] [Also in Group XXVI] A two-stroke engine has three pistons in line in a single cylinder C, Figs. 1 and 2, the end pistons 7, 8 being single - crown pistons connected to the engine shaft 32 by gudgeons or beams 11, 15 passing through slots G, H in the cylinder wall and by coupling rods 16, 17 and the piston 1 having two crowns connected by a partial skirt 4 through which passes a gudgeon or beam 12 reciprocating in slots F in the cylinder wall. The beam 12 is connected by coupling rods 18, 19 and connecting rods 24 to cranks 21 on the engine shaft 32. The coupling rods 16, 17 reciprocate within or alongside the rods 18, 19 and are connected to the engine shaft by a common connecting rod 25, crossheads 26, 27 and guides 28, 29 being provided for the connecting rods. The part of the cylinder housing the double-crown piston 1 is surrounded by a chamber K in direct communication with both sets of piston-controlled inlet ports L for the two combustion spaces A, B, air or mixture being supplied by a blower M. The inlet ports L may be tangential to the cylinder. Piston-controlled exhaust ports N are provided and cylinder lubrication is furnished by an oil reservoir P in communication with the outlet side of the blower or with exhaust-gas pressure. In a modification, Figs. 3 and 4 admission is through passages 41 in the skirt portion 4 of the double-crown piston 1 and automatic valves 20 in the piston crowns. An air-cushioned abutment for pistons 44 on the valve stems is formed by a bridge piece 45 across the cylinder bore between the parts 12, 12<SP>1</SP> of the beam. In a further modification, the charge is supplied by piston pumps driven from the engine shaft and having their axes at right angles to that of the engine shaft ; each combustion chamber is supplied from a separate pump, or a doubleacting pump may be used.
Patent GB-1372969-A (GB)
Title: Fluid valve seals
IPC: F16K1/226
Filed: 1972-02-10
Abstract: 1372969 Valves B C RICHARDS & CO PTY Ltd 10 Feb 1972 [11 Feb 1971] 6361/72 Heading F2V A valve, such as a piston or butterfly valve has a sealing ring 14 with a series of spaced substantially radial grooves 16 on at least the downstream side. In the preferred embodiment, grooves are provided on both sides of the ring and are separated by a circumferential groove 15 formed by fusing two 0-rings 14A, 14B together. The grooves allow fluid pressure to be equalized on both sides of the ring during opening or closing of the valve. In a second embodiment, the ring is mounted in the closure member 12.
Patent GB-525704-A (GB)
Title: Process and apparatus for the degasification and/or dehydration of oils and the like
IPC: C10G33/06
Filed: 1939-02-27
Abstract: 525,704. Degasifying oils &c. FRASER & CO., Ltd., W. J., and PHIPPS, J. W. Feb. 27, 1939, No. 6366. [Class 1 (i)] A device for degasifying oils &c. comprises a number of horizontal rotating discs 6 on to which the oil is fed and from which it is centrifuged. The discs operate in one or more evacuated chambers 17, 18 each containing a plurality of discs, and the oil is fed to the discs in series, parallel, or seriesparallel. In the last case the gases may be drawn off at successive low pressures.
Patent GB-824205-A (GB)
Title: A process for the preparation of aromatic and aromatic heterocyclic di- and poly-basic carboxylic acids and their salts and other derivatives
IPC: C07D213/803
Filed: 1957-02-26
Abstract: Aromatic di- and polybasic carboxylic acids and their salts and other derivatives are prepared by a process comprising heating the salt of another aromatic carboxylic acid under a carbon dioxide pressure of over 400 atmospheres.  Aromatic heterocyclic di- and polybasic carboxylic acids and their salts and other derivatives are prepared by a process comprising heating the salt of another aromatic heterocyclic carboxylic acid under a carbon dioxide pressure of over 400 atmospheres.  By the term "aromatic heterocyclic carboxylic acid" is meant any carboxylic acid containing a five- or six-membered heterocyclic ring containing conjugated double bonds and having directly attached thereto carboxylic acid groups.  Starting materials mentioned include salts of benzoic, a - and b -naphthoic, and diphenylmonocarboxylic acids, phthalic, isophthalic and terephthalic acids, naphthalic and other naphthalene dicarboxylic acids, diphenic acid and anthracene, terphenyl, diphenylmethane and benzophenone carboxylic acids, mixtures of acids obtained by oxidation of crude xylenes or coal, acids derived from pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, a -pyran, furan, thiophen, thiazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, indole, benztriazole or benzimidazole.  In all the starting materials other substituents, e.g. halogen atoms or alkyl residues may be present.  The salts mentioned include alkali metal salts and magnesium, calcium, zinc cadmium or thallium salts. Instead of the salts mixtures which yield salts may be used, e.g. mixtures of carboxylic acid anhydrides or of carboxylic acid esters and acid-binding metal compounds, e.g. alkali metal carbonates.  In general the process may be carried out in the presence of alkali metal carbonates, bicarbonates, formates, or oxalates.  Catalysts which may be employed include zinc, cadmium, mercury, lead and compounds thereof, e.g. oxides or salts, with inorganic or organic acids, e.g. carbonates, bicarbonates, halides, phosphates, acetates, formates, oxalates and salts of the acids employed as starting materials or obtained as products, e.g. benzoates, phthalates or terephthalates.  Inert liquid or solid diluents may be present, e.g. sand, metal powders or turnings, kieselguhr, active carbon, finely-divided aluminium oxide or silicic acid or inert salts, e.g. sodium sulphate.  Representative of the products of the process are terephthalic, pyridine 2,5-dicarboxylic, naphthalene 2,6-dicarboxylic, thiophen-2,5-dicarboxylic and a mixture of mono- and thiophendicarboxylic and pyridine 2,4,6-tricarboxylic acids.
Patent GB-1132174-A (GB)
Title: Lifting apparatus
Inventor: TYLER ALAN
IPC: E01C19/52
Filed: 1967-02-10
Abstract: 1,132,174. Lifting tongs. TYLER BROS. (CONCRETE PRODUCTS) Ltd. 8 Feb., 1968 [10 Feb., 1967], No. 6379/67. Heading B8H. Concrete blocks 62 are gripped and raised by a pair of jaws 32, 34 which close on the load when they are lifted by a framework 18 from which they are pivotally suspended. The jaws are opened by being raised by a cable 60 which is attached to the cross-over axis of the jaw arms and passes over a rod 24 and a pulley 56 to a fixed point on a pulley 54. The latter is rotated by a handle 58. The jaws may be pivoted directly to the end of the framework 18 instead of from a frame 26 as shown. Alternatively, the frame 26 may be pivoted to slides on upright members attached to the framework 18 and a hoist may be provided for raising the grab to a greater height.
Patent GB-159479-A (GB)
Title: Wood preserving method
IPC: B27K3/10
Filed: 1921-02-25
Abstract: 159,479. Laube, H. Feb. 28, 1920, [Convention date]. Wood, treating w i t h liquids.-To preserve wood, incisions are made in it with an instrument resembling a surgical cannula through which a preservative compound is introduced under pressure. The preservative compound consists of a solution of high osmotic pressure, such as zinc, magnesium or calcium chloride, or sugar solution, a powerful antiseptic, such a s corrosive sublimate, phenol, cresol, or compounds of chromium or fluorine, an antiseptic which is not easilv dissolved, such as powdered copper, and a neutral powder such as brick powder, powdered glass, ground brimstone or infusorial earth which gives the substance a pasty consistency and prevents it from escaping from the incisions. Apparatus for carrying out the invention comprises rails b secured to the tree by shackles h and chains, and a slide a running on the rails and carrying the piercing instrument f. The instrument f can be driven into the tree and retracted by means of a handle d. When it is retracted a piston is operated in a cylinder e through links g and forces the preservative through the hollow instrument f into the hole in the tree.
Patent GB-1212411-A (GB)
Title: Motor vehicle suspension
Inventor: TURNBULL JOHN BARTHOLOMEW
IPC: B60G11/42
Filed: 1968-02-09
Abstract: 1,212,411. Variable rate leaf spring suspension. FORD MOTOR CO. Ltd. 9 Feb., 1968, No. 6474/68. Heading B7D. A method of providing a variable-rate semielliptic leaf spring suspension in a vehicle comprises selecting the load in the vehicle at which the rate of the leaf spring is to be lowest and connecting the ends of the leaf spring to the vehicle body in such a manner that (i) in the static condition at the selected load there is no longitudinal load in the spring and (ii) as the wheels move in bounce or rebound from this static condition tensile longitudinal forces are imposed on the spring whereby its rate is increased. As shown, a leaf spring is connected to a vehicle body at one end by a rubber mount 6 which applies no longitudinal load on the spring in its minimum rate condition, but on bounce or rebound movements from this position imposes a longitudinal tensile load on the spring thereby increasing the spring rate. The distance between the ends of the spring is a maximum when the spring rate is a minimum. The rubber mount 6 comprises a pair of rubber blocks 9 mounted between inclined faces of a bracket 7 secured above or below the end of the spring, which may have one or more leaves, and two members 11 secured to the vehicle body. The connection at the other end of the spring is an upturned, downturned or Berlin eye.
Patent GB-649926-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the catalytic cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons
Filed: 1948-03-02
Abstract: A petroleum feedstock boiling within or above the wax distillate range is treated with a solvent for aromatic hydrocarbons to give an aromatic extract and a raffinate; the raffinate is dewaxed, and the wax and the dewaxed raffinate are separately subjected to catalytic cracking to give products which by fractionation yield gasoline of high octane rating. Alternatively the raffinate may be subjected to cracking without prior dewaxing.  Phenol is pumped from vessel A into the top of column D down which it flows countercurrent to a rising <PICT:0649926/III/1> stream of wax distillate containing 1.5 per cent of sulphur, which is pumped from vessel B into the base of the column.  The amount of phenol used is 80 per cent by volume of the wax distillate. Water (5 per cent by volume on the phenol) is injected from vessel C into the phase-settler S to assist separation. The raffinate and extract phases are withdrawn from the top and bottom of the column through lines E and F respectively at such a rate that the interface I remains stationary.  Each phase is passed to a stripping system for removal of the phenol.  The raffinate is mixed with 400 per cent by volume of a solvent consisting of acetone, benzene and toluene in the proportions by volume of 7 : 10 : 8, cooled to -20 DEG  F., and the separated wax filtered-off at this temperature.  The dewaxed raffinate and wax are separately cracked over a synthetic silica-alumina catalyst at 950 DEG  F. and a space velocity of 0.9 with a 2-hour process period.  In the example, the dewaxed raffinate gave a 57 per cent yield of gasoline with octane number 79, and the wax gave a 58 per cent yield of gasoline with octane number 82.  The sulphur contents of the two gasolines were 0.4 and 0.1 per cent, respectively.
Patent GB-662359-A (GB)
Title: An improved arrangement in packing for plate heat exchanger plates
IPC: F28F3/10
Filed: 1949-03-10
Abstract: 662,359. Joint-makingpacking. AKTIEBOLAGET SEPARATOR. March 10, 1949 [March 10. 1948], No. 6574/49. Addition to 634011. Class 122(iii) [Also in Group XIII] The plate heat-exchanger construction of the parent Specification is modified so that the reinforcement strip 21 protrudes from the packing cord 20 and forms the inner face thereof to prevent, as far as possible, liquid such as milk from coming into contact with the packing material.
Patent GB-693724-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the production of oil gas
IPC: B24B31/00
Filed: 1951-03-19
Abstract: 693,724. Generating oil-gas. HUMPHREYS & GLASGOW, Ltd., and WILLIAMS, N. H. Feb. 28, 1952 [March 19, 1951], No. 6577/51. Class 55(ii) In a cyclic oil-gas process, each cycle consists of an oil-gas making phase and an apparatus heating phase and a repetition of these phases with the gas flow direction reversed, and throughout each half of the cycle, i.e. a "make" phase followed by a heating phase, the flow of the gases through the apparatus is in the same direction. The apparatus consists of two end vessels 1, 1a, containing regenerative checkerwork 2 and 2a and two intermediate vessels 3, 3a each having a refractory mass 4, 4a supported between an upper main combustion space 5, 5a and an auxiliary combustion space 6, 6a. Spaces 6 and 6a are connected by a conduit 6b. Offtake pipes 7, 7a lead from the bottom of the regenerators 1 and 1a to " make gas outlets 8, 8a and stack valves 9, 9a, 10, 10a and 11, 11a are main steam inlets and air inlets respectively. 12 and 12a are " make " oil inlets and 13, 13a heating oil inlets to spaces 5, 5a, whilst 14, 14a are heating oil inlets to spaces 6, 6a. Operation. Assuming the plant is at gas making temperature, steam and/or producer gas, blue water gas or blast furnace gas is admitted at 10, is superheated in regenerator 1 and enters combustion space 5 where oil from pipe 12 is sprayed through it to fall on to the refractory mass 4 where it vaporizes with deposition of carbon. The steam and oil vapour then pass through vessels 3a and 1a wherein the vapour is fixed as a permanent gas which discharges to storage through pipes 7a and 8a. After a steam purge the heating phase is commenced by supplying air through inlet 11, the air passing through regenerator 1 and into space 5 into which oil from pipe 13 is atomized during the initial part of the heating phase to heat the carbonaceous residue in the mass 4 to a temperature at which it will readily burn in the air. To adjust the temperature of the mass 4a, upon which oil is to be sprayed during the next make phase, heating oil from pipes 14, 14a is also burnt in chambers 6 and 6a towards the end of the heating phase. The combustion gases pass through regenerator 1a, raising the checkerwork 2a to a high temperature, and escape through the stack valve 9a. The second half of the cycle is now commenced by admitting steam at 10a and oil at 12a, this "make" phase being followed by a heating phase with air admitted at 11a. The gas flow through the plant is thus in the same direction throughout each half cycle and is reversed at the end of each heating phase.
Patent GB-1462333-A (GB)
Title: Method of reducing the amount of oil in the air exhausted from a pneumatically operated impact motor and an impact motor for carrying out this method
IPC: B25D17/26
Filed: 1975-02-17
Abstract: 1462333 Pneumatic tools ATLAS COPCO AB 17 Feb 1975 [22 Feb 1974] 6580/75 Heading B4C  In a pneumatically driven tool a hammer piston 13 is guided by piston-rods 14 and whilst the driving air for the piston is free from lubricant since the piston has an annular clearance around it, oil is supplied to the bearings for the piston-rod 14 which bearings in conjunction with the rear part of the piston-rod actuate an axially slidable valve 20 to control the flow of driving air alternately to each side of the piston. Driving air is supplied through inlet pipe 21 and oil laden air through pipe 41. The piston is cushioned for idle blows by the space 12a and its return motion is cushioned by compression in space 12b at the last part of its return motion.
Patent GB-402741-A (GB)
Title: An improved process for dressing textile threads
IPC: D06M13/256
Filed: 1932-03-04
Abstract: Textile threads, including artificial silk threads, are dressed with a solution comprising a salt of a sulphonaphthenic acid, with or without an adhesive substance.  Salts of sulphonaphthenic acids with alkali metals, ammonia or amines, including substituted amines such as ethanolamines and aminobenzoates, may be used. The adhesive substance may be spermaceti, paraffin wax, Japan wax, dextrin, algin, or a gum.  According to the examples, solutions are used comprising (1) water, ammonium sulphonaphthenate, and spermaceti; (2) benzine, sodium sulphonaphthenate, and Japan wax; the solutions may also contain a fugitive colouring material.ALSO:A size for textile threads comprises a solution of a salt of a sulphonaphthenic acid, with or without an adhesive substance. Salts of sulphonaphthenic acids with alkali metals, ammonia or amines, including substituted amines such as ethanolamines and aminobenzoates, may be used.  The adhesive substance may be spermaceti, paraffin wax, Japan wax, dextrin, algin, or a gum. According to the examples, solutions are used comprising (1) water, ammonium sulphonaphthenate, and spermaceti; (2) benzine, sodium sulphonaphthenate, and Japan wax; the solutions may also contain a fugitive colouring material.
Patent GB-213747-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in advertising and like signs for use during either day or night
IPC: G09F13/04
Filed: 1923-03-08
Abstract: 213,747. Pilling, C. C. March 8, 1923. Name and number plates.-An illuminated day and night sign comprises a stencil b and a sheet of glass c mounted in a frame a with the glass at the back, the stencilled letters &c. d being outlined in paint as at e on the outer flat surface of the stencil and the remainder of the plate being painted in a different colour. The glass c may be clear, frosted, or semi-opaque white glass.
Patent GB-577243-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to refractory moulds
IPC: B22C1/08
Filed: 1944-04-12
Abstract: To compensate for shrinkage of a "porcelain" artificial tooth &c. on firing, the mould in which it is formed is made of Kyanite and Sillimanite in predetermined proportions so that it can be permanently expanded to the required extent by heat.  Kyanite increases 20 per cent in volume, becoming Sillimanite, when heated to 1350 DEG  C. and mixtures with Sillimanite expand to a proportionally smaller extent.  Kaolin, bentonite, sodium silicate, silicon ester, plaster of Paris, phosphates, &c. may be used for bonding, and casting may be done while the mould is still hot, e.g. at 800 DEG  C. The mould may be made by pressing about a pattern or by the "lost wax" process and may be used for casting under pressure.
Patent GB-803595-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to logical gating system for digital computers
IPC: H03K19/12
Filed: 1956-03-05
Abstract: 803,595. Pulse-gating circuits. NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, Inc. March 5,1956, No. 6812/56. Class 40 (6). The Figure shows a logical gating circuit for use in a computer in which the information is in binary form, each of the two stable-state flipflop circuits 1, 2, 3 having received information from an outside source so that they are in the " true " state in which their output is at low voltage or in the " false " state in which their output is of high voltage. The output from each flip-flop is applied through integrating delay networks 4, 5, 6 to the grid of cathode-follower tubes 7, 8, 9 which are gated by the application of negative clock pulses from a source 33 to their cathode resistors. The output of tubes 7 and 8 are applied via diodes 13, 14 connected in an " AND circuit so that the point 15 registers a " true output only if flip-flops 1 and 2 are both in the " true " state during a clock pulse period. Voltage source 29 is of the. same potential as that of the high voltage output of the flip-flops so that point 22 assumes the potential of point 15 or 19 whichever is lower. Diode 27 is biased to its non-conducting state by source 30 which is of lower voltage than that of source 29. If no negative pulse is received at point 25 no pulse appears at flip-flop 28 so that flip-flop 28 changes state if flip-flops 1 and 2 are " true " or flip-flop 3 is true, thus the circuit functions as an " AND " or " OR " circuit. A circuit from point 25 feeds information back to the input of flip-flop 1, the delay of the integrating circuits such as 4 preventing the flip-flop from changing state while information is being gated by the clock pulses from source 33. If the load on the logical gating circuit is light the cathode follower stages 7, 8, 9 may be removed and the energy and capacitors 32 and the capacitors of the other integrating circuits may be used directly to drive the " AND " and " OR " circuits.
Patent GB-349623-A (GB)
IPC: C10B25/06
Filed: 1930-03-01
Abstract: 349,623. Coke oven doors. KOPPERS AKT.-GES., H., 29, Moltkestrasse, Essen, Germany. March 1, 1930, No. 6831. Convention date, March 2, 1929. [Class 123 (i).] A coke oven door comprises a plug 10 to which is adjustably secured an overlying resilient plate 14 carrying a packing strip 15 shaped to engage tightly against the front of the surround of the doorway 19. Screws 16 in the main door frame 13 adjust the pressure of the packing strip 15 against the doorway. The main frame 13 is secured by bolts 12 to a girder 11 carrying the plug 10, and is held in place by pivoted locking-bars 20 engaging hooks in the doorway 19. Bolts 18 tighten the door against the doorway 19 and at the same time tighten the packing 15. A packing is disposed between the doorway 19 and the oven lining. Specification 14252/07, [Class 55, Gas manufacture &c.], is referred to.