baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent CN-100589493-C (CN)
Inventor: YUANQING SHI
IPC: H04L29/06
Filed: 2007-08-24
Granted: 2010-02-10
Abstract: 本发明公开了一种应用于IMS终端的呼叫管理系统，包括：呼叫管理模块，用于集成上层应用业务所共有的会话控制逻辑，以便为上层应用模块与网络模块的呼叫会话过程提供会话控制管理信息；上层应用模块，用于发起或接收呼叫会话请求，并根据呼叫管理模块所提供的会话控制管理信息来执行上层应用业务；网络模块，用于接收或传送所执行的上层应用业务产生的请求和响应。相应地，本发明还提供一种IMS终端的呼叫管理方法及IMS终端。本发明减少了IMS终端中应用业务的会话控制逻辑的代码冗余，实现会话控制逻辑的集中维护，体现了功能模块复用与分层原则。
Patent CN-100593670-C (CN)
Inventor: KAI YAN
IPC: F23D14/00
Filed: 2007-11-01
Granted: 2010-03-10
Abstract: 本发明涉及一种不锈钢板整体燃烧器，包括燃烧器上体和燃烧器下体，其特征是所述的燃烧器上体为不锈钢板冲压成型件，由外环带有长条弧状缝隙火孔的圆锥状盘形部分、中心有长条缝火孔的上凸台状部分、与两者之间的带有通气孔的环形过渡部分、由圆锥状盘形部分延伸出的主火引射管上盖和与燃烧器下体相铆合的铆合边和燃烧器上体外侧圆筒体构成，所述的燃烧器下体为不锈钢板冲压成型件，由外围的圆锥状盘形部分、中心带有安装中心小火引射管的安装孔的下凸台状部分、与两者之间的带有通气孔的环形过渡部分、由圆锥状盘形部分延伸出的主火引射管下盖和与燃烧器上体相铆合的铆合边和燃烧器下体外侧圆筒体构成。本发明结构简单合理，外形美观，使用方便。
Patent CN-100544649-C (CN)
Inventor: JUNDA SHI
IPC: A47J36/24
Filed: 2008-04-30
Granted: 2009-09-30
Abstract: 本发明公开了一种电加热保温座，包括相配装的底座和上盖，底座和上盖配装形成的空腔内配设有发热组件，底座中间凸起制有圆环体，发热组件上表面与上盖的内腔上沿相贴配装，发热组件下表面与圆环体的上沿相贴配装，并且该发热组件内设有PTC发热件；上盖一侧沿制有凸起的操纵台，该操纵台内配有电路板组件，电路板组件与PTC发热件相电连接；操纵台内配设有灯罩，灯罩内罩设有安装在电路板组件上的指示灯；采用PTC发热件作为主发热构件，温度控制恒定，使用寿命长；内嵌设双片相配装的面层板，结构简单，安装便捷；底座与发热组件的嵌扣定位方式，制作和维护较为方便；设置滑动的开关按扭，温度调节采用滑动方式，操作简单，温度调节快速及稳定。
Patent FR-50059-E (FR)
Inventor: LEMMERZ PAUL
IPC: B60B7/06
Filed: 1938-11-30
Granted: 1939-11-20
Abstract: 508,833. Vehicle wheels. LEMMERZ, P. Nov. 9, 1938, Nos. 32496 and 32497. Convention dates, Feb. 3, 1938, and Feb. 8, 1938. [Class 144 (i)] To facilitate fitment of a snap-on hub-cap 3, Fig. 1 and 2, the wheel-centre is formed with a pair of relatively closely spaced lugs 4, 5 and a third lug 6, the close disposition of the lugs 4, 5 enabling the cap to be more readily sprung over the lug 6. In the modification shown in Fig. 3, the cap 14 is formed with a close pair of tongues 17 and a relatively-remote spring-finger 16 to engage correspondinglyspaced apertures 11, 13 in the wheel-centre.
Patent PT-1200583-E (PT)
Title: Fabrication of beta-pleated sheet proteins with specific binding properties
Inventor: FIEDLER ULRIKE
IPC: C07K14/47
Filed: 2000-07-13
Abstract: A protein (I) with beta -'leaflet' structure having surface-exposed amino acids, present in at least two surface-exposed beta -strands of a surface-exposed beta -leaflet, is new. The protein is altered by targeted mutagenesis so that it has new, or improved, specific binding, catalytic or fluorescent properties. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) DNA (II) that encodes (I); (2) RNA (III) derived from (II); (3) prokaryotic and eukaryotic vectors and cells that contain (II) or (III), or their fragments that encode a functional region of (I); and (4) method for producing (I).
Patent PT-1303514-E (PT)
Inventor: SALVATI MARK E
IPC: C07D521/00
Filed: 2001-05-02
Abstract: The present invention relates to new, efficient processes for the preparation of 5-(-2-oxyazolylalkylthio)-2-azacycloalkanoylaminothiazole compounds of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R is alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl; R<SUP>1</SUP>, R<SUP>2</SUP>, R<SUP>3</SUP>, R<SUP>4 </SUP>and R<SUP>5 </SUP>are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl; R<SUP>6 </SUP>and R<SUP>7 </SUP>are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, halogen, hydroxy or alkoxy; R<SUP>8 </SUP>is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, CONR<SUP>9</SUP>, R<SUP>10</SUP>, COR<SUP>11 </SUP>or COOR<SUP>12</SUP>; R<SUP>9</SUP>, R<SUP>10</SUP>, R<SUP>11 </SUP>and R<SUP>12 </SUP>are each independently hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; m equals 0 to 5; and n equals 0 to 5, which are novel, potent inhibitors of cyclin dependent kinases (cdks). The present invention further concerns new key intermediate compounds, a quaternary ammonium salt of formula III' and a 2-oxazolylalkyl derivative of formula IX.
Patent PT-1311170-E (PT)
Title: Security device
Inventor: HUDSON BARRY
IPC: G09F3/03
Filed: 2001-08-14
Abstract: The invention relates to a security device (24) for a slide fastener (12). The security device (24) has including a housing (24) adapted to be fitted to an object (10) to which the tapes (14) of the slide fastener (12) are attached or to the tapes (14) themselves. The housing (24) substantially surrounds the slider (18) of the slide fastener (12) in its fully closed position. A closure member (46) is adapted to co-operate with housing (24) which, in use, covers slider (18) to prevent access thereto. A frangible locking element (64) is adapted to link housing (24) to closure member (46) with locking element being resiliently yieldable and slidably insertable into closure member (46) but not retractable therefrom without fracturing the frangible locking element (64).
Patent PT-1303437-E (PT)
Inventor: DRIESSEN FRANCISCUS JOHANNES C
IPC: B62B7/04
Filed: 2001-07-24
Abstract: A hand-propelled vehicle for passenger transport, in particular a pushchair, includes a chassis with at least three wheels, at least two of which are pivotally connected to the chassis, wherein the pivotable wheels are connected by at least one shaft which is pivotally connected to a fixed part of the chassis. The pivotable wheels are further situated behind the at least one fixed wheel as seen in the direction of travel of the vehicle, and the pivot connection of the shaft to the fixed part of the chassis is situated in front of the shaft as seen in the direction of travel. It is thus possible to arrange a steering function in frame constructions where there is no room for pivotable front wheels.
Patent PT-1412006-E (PT)
Title: Protective device for a needle
Inventor: VILLA DANILO
IPC: A61M5/50
Filed: 2002-07-30
Abstract: Protective device for a needle, more particularly for a catheter introducing needle or so-called cannula needle, whereby this protective device comprises protective means which slidably cooperate with the needle, characterized in that said protective means comprise a combination of at least, on one hand, safety means having at least one part which, upon retraction of the needle through the protective means, is placed in front of the needle point and prevents the re-use of the needle, and, on the other hand, blocking means which cooperate with the safety means and which, when the protective device passes from a non-operative state into an operative state, release said safety means from a blocked position into an unblocked position.
Patent PT-1446536-E (PT)
Title: Pollutant containment system
Inventor: NEWMAN ALAN PAUL
IPC: E02D31/00
Filed: 2002-11-11
Abstract: A pollutant containment system for containing the spillage of fuels or other hydrocarbons or the like comprises a first layer ( 14, 60 ), a containment vessel ( 16 ) for receiving liquid passing through the layer ( 14 ) and channelling means ( 22 ) for directing liquid permeating through the layer towards the containment vessel ( 16 ). The layer ( 14 ) provides a plurality of active surfaces for the retention of pollutant and is such as to cause water to permeate through the layer at a flow rate to avoid emulsification of oil and water. Water is introduced into and removed from the containment vessel to raise and lower the water surface thereby to cause the pollutant to be smeared over the active surfaces.
Patent PT-1440251-E (PT)
Title: Method of forming a continuous belt for a belt-type separator device
Inventor: WHITLOCK DAVID R
IPC: F16G3/10
Filed: 2002-09-27
Abstract: The application discloses a belt formed of first and second portions of thermoplastic sheet including, respectively, first and second pluralities of tabs spaced apart so as to define first and second pluralities of openings along corresponding first and second edges of the first and second portions of thermoplastic sheet, wherein the first plurality of tabs are joined to the second plurality of tabs so as to join the first edge to the second edge.
Patent PT-1386685-E (PT)
Inventor: WATTENBACH BRIAN P
IPC: B23D45/04
Filed: 2003-07-22
Abstract: A miter saw (10) includes a base (11), a fence assembly (20) attached to the base (11), a table (12) rotatably attached to the base (11), a support housing (14) connected to the table (12), at least one rail (15) slidably connected to the support housing (14), a saw assembly pivotally attached to the at least one rail (15) and movable between a front position and a rear position, the saw assembly including a trunnion (16) disposed on the at least one rail (15), a pivot arm (17A) pivotally attached to the trunnion (16), an upper blade guard (17) connected to the pivot arm (17A), a motor (20) attached to the upper blade guard (17), and a blade (19) driven by the motor (20), wherein at least one of the trunnion (16), pivot arm (17A), upper blade guard (17), and motor (20) is disposed behind the blade (19) and contacts the fence assembly (20) when the saw assembly is beveled and moved towards the rear position. <IMAGE>
Patent PT-1437285-E (PT)
Title: A device for removably fitting carrycot seats and carrycots to prams
Inventor: SANTAMARIA MANUEL JANE
IPC: A47D13/02
Filed: 2003-12-18
Abstract: The carry cot seat or cot (C) has a rigid, inverted U-shape handle (3) whose each lower end is fitted with a mechanism (4,5) for direct anchoring in attachments provided laterally on the baby carriage. The handle has a rotatable cylinder control which simultaneously actuates the two anchoring mechanisms, to unlock them. The rotatable cylinder is pulled by a rope located inside the hollow handle. The rotatable cylinder has an actuation appendage projecting through an opening provided in the lower region of the central section of the handle. The anchoring mechanism has a catch which seizes a transverse pin (15) provided in the box (16) into which the mechanism is apt to fit, the box being fixed to the baby carriage.
Patent PT-1508000-E (PT)
Title: Mobile lighting system
Inventor: OSSOLINSKI GEORGE
IPC: F21V29/02
Filed: 2003-05-19
Abstract: A portable lighting apparatus includes an envelope which contains a frame supporting an illuminating device typically an electric light bulb inside the envelope. The envelope is mounted on a telescopic mast supported by a movable base element incorporating stabilising legs. The envelope may be inflatable or rigid. For an inflatable envelope, various sensors are provided for sensing deformation of the envelope and/or pressure in the envelope including a photosensor. A means to supply air or other gas to inflate the envelope are provided. A rigid envelope formed from two conjoined sheets of acrylic deformed into dome shapes is also disclosed which overcomes many of the problems of inflatable envelopes particularly, their slow inflation rate, the tendency to deform due to air currents and the adverse effect of punctures. Although a fan is not required for inflation of the rigid envelope fan forced air is preferred for cooling the electric light bulb.
Patent PT-1459938-E (PT)
Inventor: BLOMBERG HARALD
IPC: B60R13/04
Filed: 2004-01-27
Abstract: A decorative strip (20) may be fastened (30) to the outside of a vehicle body. The rail has a modified C-shaped cross- section, with top and bottom grooves (21,22) accommodating the edges of a spring clip (31). There are top and bottom ridges (24,25) at the edges of the grooves. The edges of the spring clip fit in the grooves. An additional groove (23) outside the bottom groove accommodates the U-shaped portion of a spring tongue (39).
Patent PT-1586310-E (PT)
Title: Method to manufacture valsartan adsorbates in the form of a free-flowing powder
Inventor: GLAENZER KLAUS
IPC: A61K9/20
Filed: 2004-04-15
Abstract: Method for preparing a valsartan (I; (S)-N-(1-carboxy-2-methylprop-1yl)-N-pentanoyl-N-[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-biphenyl-4-ylmethyl]amine) adsorabte and/or its solvate or hydrate. Method for preparing a valsartan (I; (S)-N-(1-carboxy-2-methylprop-1yl)-N-pentanoyl-N-[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-biphenyl-4-ylmethyl]amine) adsorbate and/or its solvate or hydrate comprises suspending at least one adsorber material (A) in a solution, in organic solvent, of (I) or its salt and/or solavate or hydrate, then removing solvent. The solution has total water content not over 15, particularly 5, wt.% and (A) is any of cellulose (or derivatives); polyols; sugars (or derivatives); malto- or cyclo-dextrins; starch and/or polydextrose. An independent claim is also included for valsartan adsorbate, and solvates, prepared by the new method. ACTIVITY : Hypotensive; Cardiant; Nephrotropic; Vasotropic; Antiarteriosclerotic; Antidiabetic; Antilipemic; Ophthalmological. No details of tests for these activities are given. MECHANISM OF ACTION : (I) is an antagonist of the angiotensin-II receptor with high selectivity for AT1 receptors.
Patent PT-1611385-E (PT)
Title: Tubing and piping for multiphase flow
Inventor: CARO COLIN GERALD
IPC: A61F2/06
Filed: 2004-03-18
Abstract: A method of reducing slugging of multiphase hydrocarbon fluids extracted from a well, the method comprising: 
providing a pipe having a helical first pipe portion wherein the centre line of the helical pipe portion follows a substantially helical path, and the pipe having a second pipe portion downstream of the helical pipe portion; 
passing the multiphase fluids along said helical pipe portion so as to induce swirl flow of said multiphase fluids in said helical pipe portion; and 
passing the multiphase fluids along said second pipe portion whereby said swirl flow continues for a distance downstream of said helical pipe portion in said second pipe portion whilst dying away.
Patent PT-1652017-E (PT)
Title: Electronic thermal-protector for electric water boilers
Inventor: LATINI LUCIO
IPC: F24H9/20
Filed: 2004-07-21
Abstract: It is described a control device (R) which can perform heat regulation and thermal protection procedures in electric water boilers. During regular operating conditions, the beat regulation procedure is in progress and the power supply to the electrical resistances (2) is enabled or cut off by means (3) capable of preventing the passage of current inside the electrical circuit (1). In the event of anomalous operating conditions, the thermal protection procedure is activated; it shuts the circuit (1) by opening the two relays (4). As per the invention, a single electronic device (7, 8, 9, 10) receives information from one or more temperature sensors l: (6), manages said heat regulation and thermal protection procedures and decides whether the heat regulation procedure is to be maintained or whether the thermal protection procedure is to be activated by opening both relays (4). A hardware logic circuit (8) performing the function pf watch-dog (8) supervising the correctness of the operations is featured. The invention also features the possibility for the user to reset the heat regulation procedure manually once the anomaly no longer subsists and up to a maximum number of reset attempts.
Patent PT-1684869-E (PT)
Title: Methods of therapy for b cell-related cancers
Inventor: LONG LI
IPC: C07K16/28
Filed: 2004-11-04
Abstract: Methods of treating a human subject for a cancer characterized by neoplastic B cell growth are provided. The methods comprise administering combination antibody therapy to the subject, where an effective amount of an antagonist anti-CD40 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof in combination with an anti-CD20 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is administered to the subject. The invention further comprises pharmaceutical compositions with combinations of these antibodies in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
Patent PT-1793859-E (PT)
Title: Treatment of oral and intestinal mucositis by administering human il-18
Inventor: LEE JUDITHANN
IPC: A61P1/00
Filed: 2005-08-18
Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the use of human IL-18, also known as interferon-³-inducing factor (IGIF), in the treatment of skin wounds, surgical wounds, leg ulcers, diabetic ulcers, gastrointestinal mucositis, oral mucositis, and lung injury.
Patent PT-2219675-E (PT)
Title: Formulations for taci-immunoglobulin fusion proteins
Inventor: RIO ALESSANDRA DEL
IPC: A61K39/395
Filed: 2008-11-12
Abstract: The invention relates to formulations of TACI-Immunoglobulin fusion proteins.
Patent PT-559064-E (PT)
Inventor: MULLER GUNTER
IPC: C07J41/00
Filed: 1993-02-24
Abstract: Complexes which contain at least one glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol protein and at least one cholanic acid derivative of the formula I <IMAGE> (I)  are suitable, inter alia, in enzyme tests and as aids in chemical reactions; where R1 is -NH-CH2-CH2-SO3 or -NH-CH2-COOH, R2 is NR3R4 or -OR5; R3, R4 or R5 are a hydrogen atom, (C1-C5)-alkyl, (C3-C6)-cycloalkyl, substituted acetyl, halogen, succinyl, substituted benzyl or substituted benzoyl.
Patent PT-635498-E (PT)
Inventor: BARKER ANDREW JOHN
IPC: A61P35/00
Filed: 1994-07-15
Abstract: The invention concerns quinazoline derivatives of the formula I <CHEM> wherein R<1> includes hydroxy, amino, hydroxyamino, (1-4C)alkoxy, (1-4C)alkylamino and di-[(1-4C)alkyl]amino;  R<3> is halogeno; n is 1, 2 or 3 and R<2> includes hydrogen, hydroxy, halogeno and (1-4C)alkyl;  or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof; processes for their preparation; pharmaceutical compositions containing them; and the use of the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitory properties of the compounds in the treatment of cancer.
Patent PT-796165-E (PT)
Inventor: GUDMUNDSSON EDGAR
IPC: B28B7/44
Filed: 1995-07-26
Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing cement flake boards (7) having hollow channels (10) arranged between outer board portions (8). A mix (11) comprising a fibre material and a cement binding agent is provided between outer press panel elements (5, 6), subjected to an outer pressure and rapidly cured under the influence of carbon dioxide gas. At least one separate core press expander element (3) is arranged between said outer press panel elements (5, 6), and prior to the curing said mix (11) is subjected to an inner pressure by expanding said core press expander element(s) (3) inside said mix (11) between said outer press panel elements (5, 6).
Patent PT-792354-E (PT)
Inventor: STRINGER BRADLEY MICHAEL JOHN
IPC: A61K35/14
Filed: 1995-11-16
Abstract: Targeted cytotoxic T lymphocytes have a TcR comprising heterologous alpha  and  beta  polypeptides, which heterologous polypeptides confer on the lymphocyte MHC Class I-restricted specificity for disease-causing target cells. The lymphocytes may be monovalent, having a single species of TcR conferring specificity for a single class of target cells. The lymphocytes find application as vaccines and in adoptive immunotherapy, e.g. cancer, AIDS or antiviral therapy.
Patent PT-797660-E (PT)
Title: Human immunodeficiency virus vaccines and therapeutics containing replication-impaired hiv-1 nef-deletion mutants
Inventor: APTE SATEESH N
IPC: C12N7/04
Filed: 1995-12-26
Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the primary etiologic agent for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV exhibits considerable genotypic and phenotypic variability as manifested by different replicative kinetics, susceptibility to serum neutralization, antiviral drug resistance, cytopathic effects, and host-cell range specificity. Infection by HIV leads to progressive deterioration of cell-mediated immune responses making infected patients susceptible to a variety of opportunistic infections, such as pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), as well as, to the development of tumors such as Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). While the use of live-attenuated viruses to treat HIV infection has been proposed, to date researchers have been unable to demonstrate their efficacy in a clinical setting. The claimed invention addresses this defect by providing therapeutic compositions and methods of treatment employing viral suspensions prepared from cells transfected with a recombinant HIV-1 nef-deficient molecular clone. The HIV-1 nef gene product is required for efficient viral replication and pathogenicity in vivo. Nef may exert its effects through the downregulation of CD4 by endocytosis and lysosomal degradation, although other activities have also been ascribed to this gene product. Accordingly, this gene product was targeted for inactivation and a recombinant HIV-1ELI molecular clone was generated containing an NcoI/XhoI nef deletion. Suspensions comprising viral particles generated from cells transfected with the recombinant clone were prepared and administered to HIV-infected patients. Patients receiving these suspensions displayed a statistically significant reduction in viral burden and increase in CD4<+> lymphocyte counts during the study. The claimed compositions should facilitate the reduction of viral burden and the restoration of CD4<+> lymphocyte levels in HIV-1-infected subjects.
Patent PT-729753-E (PT)
Inventor: AKIMOTO KENGO
IPC: A61K31/34
Filed: 1996-02-01
Abstract: The present invention discloses a preventive or ameliorant of hypertension or medical symptoms caused by it and a food or beverage that prevents or ameliorates hypertension or medical symptoms caused by it that contain for its active ingredient dioxabicycloÄ3.3.0Üoctane derivative represented by the formula (2). <CHEM> wherein, R<1>, R<2>, R<3>, R<4>, R<5> and R<6> are respectively and independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or R<1> and R<2> and/or R<4> and R<5> collectively represent a methylene group or ethylene group, and n, m and l represent 0 or 1.
Patent PT-846832-E (PT)
Inventor: SCHULZ HARALD
IPC: E04D3/08
Filed: 1997-12-01
Abstract: The cladding panels (3) e.g. glass panels, are supported on profiled strips (1) and clamped by clamping profiles (2) and clamping strips (4). The supports have two outward facing drainage ducts (5) into which are positioned inserts (6) to collect water and duct it outwards to vertical drains (17). The collected water is rain water and condensate. The inserts fully fill the drainage ducts and have upward bent sealing lips to form hollows to collect the water. The water drains out of ducts (12) to the outside of the cladding.
Patent PT-786638-E (PT)
Inventor: ROMERO FRANCIS
IPC: F28F9/02
Filed: 1997-01-15
Abstract: The heat exchanger consists of a housing which is basically cylindrical in shape. It comprises an inlet and an outlet for the primary fluid and end flanges (22) to close the housing and through which tubes carrying the secondary fluid pass. Each of the flanges is made from a synthetic rubber, such as ethylene rubber and polypropylene. Each flange is in the shape of a circular plate with parallel lips (22e,22f) round the edge of each face. One set of the flange lips fits against the end of the cylindrical housing and the other against the end of a conical cover (30). The cover fits over it and is fixed in place by a threaded ring (40). Between each rubber plate and end cover there is a reinforcing plate (23).
Patent PT-868535-E (PT)
Inventor: NESS JEFFREY VAN
IPC: C12Q1/68
Filed: 1997-01-23
Abstract: Methods and compounds, including compositions therefrom, are provided for determining the sequence of nucleic acid molecules. The methods permit the determination of multiple nucleic acid sequences simultaneously. The compounds are used as tags to generate tagged nucleic acid fragments which are complementary to a selected target nucleic acid molecule. Each tag is correlative with a particular nucleotide and, in a preferred embodiment, is detectable by mass spectrometry. Following separation of the tagged fragments by sequential length, the tags are cleaved from the tagged fragments. In a preferred embodiment, the tags are detected by mass spectrometry and the sequence of the nucleic acid molecule is determined therefrom. The individual steps of the methods can be used in automated format, e.g., by the incorporation into systems.
Patent PT-923436-E (PT)
Inventor: ANDRE LE FLOC H
IPC: B28B23/00
Filed: 1997-11-20
Abstract: The invention concerns a method for continuous making of slabs and/or products made from a hydraulic setting paste with fiber reinforcement whereby the hydraulic setting paste, tempered with water, is calendered into a predetermined thickness and in which are then compressed textile fiber fragments derived from a cutter. A textile additive is added before the calendering.