Patent GB-1269379-A (GB)
Title: A pcm transmission system
Inventor: MUROTANI MASAYOSHI
IPC: H04N7/12
Filed: 1969-07-22
Abstract: 1,269,379. Television. NIPPON TELEGRAPH & TELEPHONE PUBLIC CORP. 22 July, 1969 [22 July, 1968], No. 36876/69. Heading H4F. The bandwidth of a transmission system for time varying data, such as television picture signals, is reduced by generating first PCM words from the data and converting to second PCM words at a lower speed in such a manner that for slow variations in signal the whole of selected ones of the first words are used as the second words and for fast variations in signal the most significant digits of a plurality of the first words are used as the second words, and additional digits indicating the signal variation speed are also included in the second words. In the figures shown each horizontal line represents successive digits of the various bit positions of parallel-bit PCM words so that each vertical series of bits constitutes one word. The original (analogue) signal is encoded into six-bit first PCM words (a 11 , a 12  ... a 16 ) represented by lines 31 to 36 in Fig. 3, and a seventh bit (line 67) is generated having the value " 0 " for slow variations and " 1 " for fast variations in the input signal and having a pulse length twice that of the outer bits. The first words are then converted into seven-bit second PCM words having bit lengths twice that of the first word bits to reduce the bandwidth. The resulting bit pattern is shown in Fig. 4 and is arranged so that for slow variations in the original signal each second word comprises all six bits of the corresponding odd numbered first word together with a seventh bit of value " 0 ", e.g. (a<SP>1</SP> 11 , a<SP>1</SP> 12 , a<SP>1</SP> 13 , a<SP>1</SP> 14 , a<SP>1</SP> 15  a<SP>1</SP> 16 , " 0 ") and for fast signal variations each second word comprises the three most significant digits of the corresponding odd numbered first word, the three most significant bits of the next even numbered first word, and a seventh bit of value " 1 ", e.g. (a<SP>1</SP> 31 , a<SP>1</SP> 32 , a<SP>1</SP> 33 , a<SP>1</SP> 41 , a<SP>1</SP> 42 , a<SP>1</SP> 43 , " 1 "). At the receiver the first six bits of the second words are time rearranged under control of the seventh bit so that the three most significant bits of both odd and even numbered first words are reconstituted when the signal variations are fast. The least significant bits of the reconstituted words are approximated by the bits " 1 ", " 0 ", " 0 ", see Fig. 13, and the missing even numbered words for slow signal variations are inserted by interpolation. In the transmitter the speed of variation of the input signal is detected by means of a circuit which accepts three successive samples, calculates the value of the second sample from the first and third samples using a linear or parabolic interpolation law, subtracts the calculated value from the actual value of the second sample, compares the resulting error signal with a threshold signal and generates a " 1 " output whenever the threshold is exceeded, i.e. for fast variations. The bandwidth compression is achieved by logic gates under the control of the speed detector and clock signals and the resulting parallel-bit word is converted to serial form for transmission. In the receiver the serial signal is converted back to parallel form and applied to logic gates to produce the time rearranged signal which is delayed by means of delay lines or registers and applied to a circuit which derives the mean value of consecutive odd numbered words for slow signal variations to generate an approximation to the missing even numbered words.