baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-783017-A (GB)
Title: A non-catalytic process for preparing terephthalic acid methyl esters
IPC: C07C69/82
Filed: 1955-07-11
Abstract: A mixture of esters comprising a major amount of di-methyl terephthalate and a minor amount of mono-methyl terephthalate is prepared by reacting terephthalic acid with excess of methanol in the absence of a catalyst and in the liquid phase under superatmospheric pressure and at a temperature above 150 DEG  C., the water content of the reaction mixture not exceeding 30 per cent by weight.  Dimethyl terephthalate and any unchanged terephthalic acid is separated from the reaction mixture by cooling followed by filtration, and the ester separated from the terephthalic acid by recrystallization.  The mono-ester containing residual di-ester may be obtained by removing the methanol by distillation, and filtering the ester from the resulting aqueous residue.  This ester may be recycled to the esterification step.  In a modification, the mother-liquor obtained after removal of the di-ester is used for the esterification of further quantities of terephthalic acid by replacing the methanol used but without removing the water formed until the water content exceeds 30 per cent, when the water may be removed by flash distillation of the reaction mixture as it leaves the reactor or the water-rich liquors may be temporarily stored and water removed by distillation in bulk.  Alternatively, the water content of the mother liquors may be maintained below 30 per cent by partial removal of water after each esterification step.  Examples illustrate the use of various reaction times, temperatures and mol. ratios of reactants, and the repeated use of mother liquors without removal of water.
Patent GB-1536589-A (GB)
Title: Electrical connectors and to methods for making electrical connectors
IPC: H01R43/00
Filed: 1976-05-15
Abstract: 1536589 Making electrical connectors INTERNATIONAL COMPUTERS Ltd 29 April 1977 [15 May 1976] 20148/76 Heading B3A [Also in Division H2] An electrical connector including a plurality of connector elements 12 spaced along a flexible radially compressible core 23 is made by filling the annular space between a thin wall tube and a coaxial mandrel with curable material, curing the material so as to enable curing contraction to be radially away from the mandrel, removing parts of the tube to leave spaced areas, and removing the core. In one embodiment a beryllium copper or phosphor bronze tube is used, the core is polyurethane, and the mandrel is sprayed with PTFE as release agent. The tube parts to be removed are coated with plating resist, the tube is gold plated, and the resist removed. The plated areas are then coated with etch resist, and the uncoated unplated areas etched away, and the resist removed. The resists may be printed or applied by a photo resist technique. The contact areas  need not extend all round the connector.
Patent GB-690946-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to spirit duplicating machines
Inventor: WRIGHT ALBERT JOSEPH JAMES
IPC: B41L11/00
Filed: 1950-08-14
Abstract: 690,946. Duplicating-machines. BLOCK & ANDERSON, Ltd. Aug. 14, 1951 [Aug. 14, 1950], No. 20156/50. Class 100(ii) In a duplicating-machine of the kind in which the drum 11 is formed with a narrow longitudinal slot 10 extending inwardly from the peripheral. surface 12 in a nearly radial direction and arranged to receive and retain the end of the master sheet 14, the leading edge of the slot is relieved at 18 as by chamfering or rounding. To mount the master sheet it is placed on a tray 21 lying at an angle diverging more from the radial direction than the slot 10 so that as the slot passes the end of the tray the master sheet is directed into the convergent throat of the slot. The end of the tray is curled over at 23 and lies close to the surface of the drum to lay the trailing body part of the master sheet against the drum in its rotation past the tray as shown in Fig. 8.
Patent GB-644245-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electrical resistances
Inventor: KNIGHT WALTER FREDERICK
IPC: H01C1/084
Filed: 1948-07-28
Abstract: 644,245. Metal grid resistors. EXPANDED METAL CO., Ltd. July 28, 1948, No. 20159. [Class 37] In an expanded metal resistor, Fig. 1, freedom for temperature expansion is gained by forming slots K to separate the individual meshes of the row of meshes adjoining each selvedge edge S1, S2 and if required, treating in a similar manner the next row or the next two rows of meshes. The adjacent cut ends may be bent to prevent physical contact, for example as at E, Fig. 2. The expanded metal resistor shown, Fig. 1, incorporates the feature of graded ribbon widths W1, W2, W3 disclosed in Specification 643,562.
Patent GB-596953-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the control of the tracking of belts or bands
IPC: F16H7/10
Filed: 1945-08-07
Abstract: 596,953. Belt gearing. ROBINSON & SON, Ltd., T., DEX, J. H., and ORMEROD, H. Aug. 7, 1945, No. 20208. [Class 80(i)] [Also in Group XXX] A device for automatically maintaining the track of a belt or band a upon pulleys b, c comprises a transverse member k carrying rollers l which, on sideways movement of the belt, one of the rollers are engaged to operate, through the member k and levers g, links f which move one of the bearing blocks d, e of the shaft of the pulley c forward and the other back to alter the angular disposition of the shaft and thus restore the belt to its original track. The links fare fulcrummed on the levers g which are in turn fulcrummed on adjustable screws i used for tensioning the belt. In a modification eccentric pins are used for connecting the levers g, links f and screws i.
Patent GB-461733-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to electric ovens provided with temperature regulating devices
IPC: H05B1/02
Filed: 1936-07-21
Abstract: 461,733. Automatic control systems. BRITISH THOMSON-HOUSTON CO., Ltd. July 21, 1936, No. 20215. Convention date, July 24, 1935. [Class 38 (iv)] Temperature.-An electric oven has interior heating elements near the top and near the bottom and a thermostat arranged so that direct radiation from the top element 1 has substantially no effect upon it. The thermostat 4 is shown housed in a recess at the side of the oven in the Figure. The thermostat operates a switch in series with the lower element 2 and a manual switch is arranged so that the thermostat is inoperative when the top element alone is in circuit.
Patent GB-988074-A (GB)
Title: Herbicidal compositions containing hormone weedkillers
Inventor: PFEIFFER RUDOLF KOLOMAN
IPC: A01N39/02
Filed: 1960-06-09
Abstract: A herbicidal composition comprises at least one chlorobenzoic acid selected from 2-methoxy - 3,5,6 - trichlorobenzoic acid or 2 - methoxy - 3,6 - dichlorobenzoic acid or salts or other functional derivatives, e.g. esters and amides, thereof and at least one phenoxy aliphatic acid containing at least one chlorine substituent in the ring and their salts and other functional derivatives e.g. esters and amides.  Specified phenoxy aliphatic acids are 2,4-D, MCPA, 2,4,5-T, gamma-2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxybutyric acid, gamma - 2 : 4 - dichlorophenoxy butyric acid and alpha-2-methyl-4-chloro phenoxypropionic acid.  The composition may also contain 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoic acid or salts or functional derivatives thereof, e.g. esters and amides.  Specified salts are the alkali metal e.g. sodium and potassium, amine e.g. ethylamine and alkanolamine salts.  The compositions may contain surface active agents, stickers and diluents and may be in the form of sprays or dusts.  Specifications 804,174 and 821,039 are referred to.
Patent GB-205774-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in machines for semi-trimming and marking wall paper
IPC: B44C7/02
Filed: 1922-09-21
Abstract: 205,774. Staunton, E. G. Sept. 21, 1922. Stationary-cutter apparatus.-An apparatus for semi-trimming the edge of wallpaper has improved supporting rollers for the paper and means for resiliently mounting the cutting discs. A shaft 4 driven through gears 8, 7, 6 from a printing cylinder carries a driving roll 3 and hard-surfaced idle rolls 9. Co-operating with the latter are freely-mounted cutting discs 10 carried in spring- urged brackets 11 held in arms 14 splined to a rock-shaft 17, and axially adjusted thereon by screws 51. One end of the shaft 17 carries an arm 21 urged by an adjustable spring 24 while a cam 28 on a shaft 30 rocks an arm 26 attached to the other end for suspending the trimming operation. The cam shaft 30 is driven from the shaft 4 through variable-speed discs 38, 35 and worm gearing 32, 31. In operation. the paper is fed and supported bv the roll 3, the selvage, resting upon the idle rods 9, being scored by the freely-mounted discs 10. The spring pressure on the discs is adjusted simultaneously or independently by nuts 25, 15 respectively. A colourfount 44 operated from a cam 39 is provided for making the web when the semi-trimming is interrupted. Specification 205,960 is referred to.
Patent GB-641269-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electric switch gear
IPC: H01H71/16
Filed: 1947-08-02
Abstract: 641,269. Thermal switches. EGA ELECTRIC, Ltd., and KILMINSTER, G. Aug. 2, 1947, No. 20304/48. Divided out of 641,255. [Class 38(v)]. An overload switch for a three-phase or other circuit has a heater 20, 21, 22 associated with each of the phases, and a bimetallic strip 10, 11 or 12 for each of the heaters, the ends of the strips moving in slots in a bar 30 so that with an overload in any of the phases, the corresponding bimetallic strip after a little lost motion actuates the bar to cause a flexiblymounted contact 28 to separate from a fixed contact 27. Setting for a different value of overload is effected by reversing the bar 30, the section 35 of which differs in length from the section 36.
Patent GB-304566-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to band saw machines for cutting up meat
IPC: B23Q1/72
Filed: 1928-07-12
Abstract: 304,566. Kann, W., (trading as Eisen-& Stahlindustrie Essen Inhaber W. Kann). July 12, 1928. Tables.-A band saw for cutting meat has two separate movable tables d, e, one on each side of the band and connected as desired by a readily releasable spring plug h.
Patent GB-809441-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to polarised electromagnetic relays and like devices
IPC: H01H51/22
Filed: 1954-07-12
Abstract: 809,441. Electromagnetic relays. CARPENTER, R. E. H. July 6, 1955 [July 12,1954; Sept. 3, 1954], Nos. 20332/54 and 25685/54. Class 38 (5). A polar relay comprises a U-shaped core 3, 4 energized by coils 1, 2 and having extension plates 5, 6 forming pole faces between which a permanent magnet armature 15 with soft iron end-pieces 16 is rockable about a pivot 17. The end-pieces 16 reduce the reluctance of the controlling magnetic circuit and thus increase the control flux. Alternatively, the polarizing magnet may be stationary and the endpieces 16 connected together to form the armature. The plates 5, 6 are spaced apart by a pair of non-magnetic bars 7 fixed therebetween by bolts 8, 9, this assembly being closed at the bottom by a plate 12 and at the top by an insulating disc 11 so that the armature oscillates in a dust-tight housing. The armature pivot pins 17 have elastomer sleeves 18 mounted in metal bushes 19, as disclosed in Specification 809,442, the bushes being received in slightly larger openings 21 in the bars 7 and clamped in the desired adjusted position by a plate 24 and screws 24a. An arm 28 fixed to a pin 17 has a bent-over horizontal upper end carrying an insulating contact-operating bead 31. This bead is engaged on opposite sides by a pair of ears (Fig. 2, not shown), depending downwardly from the free end of a spring contact blade 33 fixed in a post 50 whereby oscillation of the armature causes contacts 34 on the blade to engage contacts 35 carried by a pair of fixed contact strips 36. The arm 28 comprises a magnetic strip having a boss 30 pivotally supporting a permanent magnet plate 29 held against the arm by its own flux, relative movement between the arm and plate producing a frictional armature-damping force as disclosed in Specification 673,867. The strips 36 are fixed at one end to rigid backing bars 37 and spaced a small distance therefrom their free ends rubbing on friction plugs 38 to reduce contact chatter as disclosed in Specification 484,472. The bars 37 are mounted by resilient strips 45 fixed to posts 46, screws 47 entering the posts and engaging the bars 37 permitting adjustment of the contacts 35. The post 50 carrying the blade 33 upstands from a triangular plate 51 pivoted about the conical under-surface of a screw 52 and clamped to the disc 11. by the screw 52 and a pair of screws 53, 54 passing through larger holes in the plate whereby the contacts 34 may be " centred ". In another construction (Figs. 7, 8, not shown), the cores 3, 4 are spaced further apart and the plates 5, 6 extend downwardly therebetween. Specification 734,352 also is referred to.
Patent GB-1124278-A (GB)
Title: Integrated circuit device
IPC: H03D3/10
Filed: 1965-08-24
Abstract: 1,124,278. Frequency discriminators. RADIO CORPORATION OF AMERICA. 24 Aug., 1965 [14 Sept., 1964], No. 20575/68. Heading H3A. The description is the same as that of Specification 1,124,275, but the claims differ.
Patent GB-676232-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the production of cellulose esters
IPC: C08B3/24
Filed: 1949-08-09
Abstract: Secondary cellulose organic acid esters are produced by esterifying cellulose with a fatty acid anhydride in the presence of an esterification catalyst and methylene chloride to form a cellulose triester solution containing 50-60 per cent methylene chloride and then adding water and sulphuric acid and allowing hydrolysis to proceed until the triester is converted to a secondary ester, methylene chloride being removed, e.g. by distillation from the solution before or during hydrolysis until its content is reduced to 30-45 per cent based on the weight of the original solution. Preferably 45-60 per cent of the total weight of methylene chloride is removed from the solution. Hydrolysis may be effected in two stages by first reducing the acyl content of the ester to about 59 per cent under pressure and then completing the hydrolysis at atmospheric pressure.  Examples are given of the acetylation of cellulose with acetic anhydride in the presence of acetic acid, methylene chloride and sulphuric acid as catalyst at below 50 DEG C., to produce the triacetate solution, hydrolysis being then effected after the addition of aqueous sulphuric acid and removal of the methylene chloride being effected in one case before and in another case during the hydrolysis.  The process is also applicable to the production of cellulose acetate-butyrate and cellulose butyrate.
Patent GB-1441889-A (GB)
Title: Turbodrill
IPC: F03B13/02
Filed: 1974-05-10
Abstract: 1441889 Boring earth &c N I INST BUROVOI TEKHNIKI 10 May 1974 20731/74 Heading E1F [Also in Division F1] A turbodrill, e.g. for oil and gas wells, comprises at least two multistage hydraulic turbines 2, 6 in series driving a bit 8, the upstream turbine 2 having a low design speed and,' passing the total flow of drilling fluid, the next turbine 6 having a high design speed and being mounted on a hollow shaft 7, the drilling fluid leaving turbine 2 being divided into two flows, one being directed to the turbine 6 and the other to the drilling bit through shaft 7. The latter flow is directed to the interior of shaft 7 from the space 12 between turbines 2. 6 via openings 11 in a shaft coupling 9. This flow then passes through a nozzle 40 to the bit 8, or directly to the bit when of jet type. The low speed turbine 2 acts as a hydrodynamic brake limiting the speed of turbine 6. Drilling fluid leaving the latter passes through openings 37 in the stator housing into the well 38. The relative blade heights and angles are specified.
Patent GB-914058-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to piezo-electric crystal units
Inventor: BIRCH JOHN
IPC: H03H9/09
Filed: 1959-06-17
Abstract: 914,058. Piezo-electric crystals. GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. Ltd. June 15, 1960 [June 17, 1959], No. 20775/59. Class 40 (8). Higher order resonances are eliminated in a crystal unit adapted for operation in the fundamental thickness shear mode by adhesively attaching loading material to the margin of the crystal at points spaced from or not closely limited to the points of attachment of the supports. The crystal element may be a plate of ethylene diamine tartrate or (as shown) a disc 1 of AT or BT cut quartz having bevelled edges and central electrodes 2, 3. It is stated that, at the margin of the crystal, the activities of the higher modes are relatively greater than that of the fundamental mode. Modes of the kind denoted by m 1 , n 1 , p 3  orm 1 , n 1  # 5  characterized by nodal planes extending in the y<SP>1</SP> (vertical) direction may be eliminated by loading material 20, 21. Those of the kind denoted by m 1 , n 3 # 1  or m 1  n 5 # 1  having nodal planes extending in the x(horizontal) direction may be eliminated by loading material 18, 19. The material may be phenol formaldehyde cement.
Patent GB-586235-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to band or hose clips
IPC: F16L33/08
Filed: 1944-10-26
Abstract: 586,235. Band clips. O'SHEI, W. E. Oct. 26, 1944, No. 20832. [Class 44] In a band clip wherein a screw 5 carried in a housing 3 secured to one end of a band 1 is adapted to engage serrations 2 provided in the other end of the band, the screw is movable longitudinally to disengage from the serrations while being constrained to remain with its axis substantially parallel to the position it occupies when in engagement with the serrations, a plain portion 6 on the screw sliding through an aperture in the housing. In modifications designed to shorten the necessary longitudinal movement by causing the screw to move away from the band, the screw and housing may be of tapered form, or the screw may be provided with tapered journal portions or with portions.of reduced diameter which are brought opposite bearings formed in the housing. Specifications 203,262, [Class 44], 542,482 and 556,468 are referred to.
Patent GB-1334991-A (GB)
Title: Process for the manufacture of nitrilotriacetonitrile
IPC: C07C255/24
Filed: 1972-05-04
Abstract: 1334991 Nitrilotriacetonitrile KNAPSACK AG 4 May 1972 [29 May 1971] 20852/72 Addition to 1303788 Heading C2C Nitrilotriacetonitrile is produced as by the process of Specification 1,303,788, with the improvement comprising recovering the acid and the excess proportion of the ammonium salt introduced together with the starting solutions into the reaction by introducing the aqueous acid phase freed from nitrilotriacetonitrile, or the mother liquor, into an evaporator, evaporating therein between 50 and 75 weight per cent of the water contained in the mother liquor, treating the resulting liquid and acid evaporation residue with ammonia so as to establish a pH value of at most 6 therein, separating oily byproducts, which may be found to precipitate, therefrom, and returning the mother liquor saturated with the ammonium salt to the primary reaction zone.
Patent GB-951014-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to character recognition systems
IPC: G06V30/10
Filed: 1962-05-30
Abstract: 951,014. Automatic character reading. COMPAGNIE DES MACHINES BULL. May 30, 1962 [June 21, 1961], No. 20918/62. Heading G4R. In a character reading apparatus the character is scanned on a series of square circuits which overlap and lie in horizontal rows 31, 32 &c. Fig. 3. The areas A0, B0 &c. are investigated successively, not by being themselves sensed but by scanning the eight surrounding areas A1-A8 Fig. 4. For this purpose the scanner tube 20 is controlled so that the spot centres successively on spots a1-a8 Fig. 4. The diameter of the spot is approximately half the dimension of a square and the scanning paths of successive areas A0,B0 interlace as shown in Fig. 5 so that the whole character area is covered by successive scanning spots A1-A8, B1-B8, C1-C8, G1-G8, H1-H8 and so on. Circuits for deriving the scanning control voltages are described. Light reflected from the character area is received in a photo-cell 24 giving true and complementary outputs S,S. These signals successively represent the eight positions on a square and are gated into integrators 66, 69, Fig. 6 by signals h+, h-, V+, V-, d1+, d1- d2+ and d2- which are timed so that there are entered into integrator 66 signals S1,S7 and S8 relating to areas A1,A7 and A8 of the first square and the complementary signals S3, S4 and S5 are entered negatively. The four patterns are shown in Fig. 23 and the arrangement is such that integrator 66 will have the highest output if the edge of the black part of the character lies horizontally across the area (e.g. A0) being investigated. Integrator 67 gives the highest signal if the edge is vertical through the area and integrators 68 and 69 if the edge lies diagonally across the area. The scan squares therefore give a direction signals which are applied in turn to a circuit deriving shape element signals for identification of the character in a decoding circuit. The comparison of groups of points surrounding the area under investigation means that the apparatus is unaffected by variations of ink density over the character or by fluffiness of the edges. Instead of scanning in a series of square paths, an array of photo-cells corresponding to the eight positions A1,A8, Fig. 4 may be used, the character image being projected on to them and shifted to perform a series of scans in horizontal rows as in Fig. 3.
Patent GB-1190031-A (GB)
Title: Cyanine Dyes
Inventor: MEE JOHN DAVID
IPC: C09B23/14
Filed: 1967-05-05
Abstract: 1,190,031. Indole derivatives. EASTMAN KODAK CO. 5 May, 1967 [17 Jan., 1967], No. 20919/67. Heading C2C. [Also in Divisions C4 and G2] 1-Methyl-2-(3 or 4-pyridyl) indole is prepared by heating 3 or 4-acetylpyridine, 1-methyl-1- phenyl hydrazine and glacial acetic acid and heating the hydrazone formed with H 3 PO 4 . 1-Methyl-2-(3-pyridyl metho-p-toluene sulphonate) indole is prepared by warming 1- methyl-2-(3-pyridyl) indole and methyl-p-toluenesulphonate. 1-Methyl-2-phenylbenz [g] indole is prepared by heating an aqueous slurry 2-phenyl-1H- benz [g] indole and chlorobenzene and then adding methyl sulphate. 1-Methyl-2-phenylbenz [g] indole-3-carboxaldehyde is prepared by reacting dimethyl formamide, POCl 3  and 1-methyl-2-phenylbenz [g] indole. 2-Phenyl-1,7-trimethyleneindole is prepared by heating 1-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, acetophenone and glacial acetic acid to form 1<SP>1</SP> - phenyl - 1 - ethylideneamino - 1,2,3,4 - tetrahydroquinoline and reacting this with polyphosphoric acid. 2 - Phenyl - 1,7 - trimethyleneindole - 3 - carboxaldehyde is prepared by reacting 2- phenyl-1,7-trimethylene indole, POCl 3  and dimethylformamide.
Patent GB-1411303-A (GB)
Title: Fluid flow control valves
IPC: F16K3/00
Filed: 1973-05-02
Abstract: 1411303 Valves COPLASTIX Ltd 24 April 1974 [2 May 1973] 20941/73 Heading F2V In a valve comprising a gate 13 slidable across an opening defined in a frame 11, a seal 20 provided at least at one side of the gate comprises a resilient portion 22, e.g. of plastics or rubber foam material, a bearing portion 24, e.g. of polyethylene and a rigid insert 23, e.g. of metal. The insert serves to limit the maximum compression of the resilient portion and thereby inhibits permanent deformation thereof. Seal 21 comprises a rigid portion 25 and a bearing portion 26. The gate may be operated by a handwheel 17 or by an automotive device.
Patent GB-217798-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to economisers or feed-water heaters
IPC: F22D1/10
Filed: 1923-08-18
Abstract: 217,798. F÷ge, H. Aug. 18, 1923. Feed-water, heating.-The gilled tubes d of an economizer are provided with longitudinal baffle surfaces f arranged diametrically opposite one another on each tube, and are assembled so that the planes containing the baffles on adjacent tubes are alternately inclined 45‹ to the left or the right. Rectangular flanges at the ends of the tubes fit on the usual round flanges and form the side wall of the casing.