Patent DE-102008027850-A1 (DE)
Title: Apparatus for producing hydrogen and methane from organic waste of brown bin and renewable raw material using maximum two-stage system, comprises individual systems, container as waste- or organic waste dissolver, and process water trap
Inventor: GRIMM ARNOLD
IPC: C12P5/02
Filed: 2008-06-11
Abstract: The apparatus comprises individual systems, which are individually constituted according to the request and requirement of the operators, of which a first operator is positioned only for hydrogen production, a second operator is positioned only for methane production and a third operator is positioned for the systems, a container as a waste dissolver or organic waste dissolver (1), a process water trap (2), over which the required process water quantity is supplied in relation to the introduced mass of organic waste or renewable raw material in the container, and a belt weigher (3). The apparatus comprises individual systems, which are individually constituted according to the request and requirement of the operators, of which a first operator is positioned only for hydrogen production, a second operator is positioned only for methane production and a third operator is positioned for the systems, a container as a waste dissolver or organic waste dissolver (1), a process water trap (2), over which the required process water quantity is supplied in relation to the introduced mass of organic waste or renewable raw material in the container, a belt weigher (3), over which the introduced mass of organic waste or renewable raw material is supplied into the container, a grinding- or dissolving tube, a downstream fine dispenser, a heavy material sink (6) flange-mounted on a container base and separating undesirable contaminants through the heavy material lock before introducing the disintegrated biomass into the fine dispenser, and a supply pipe and a dosing control system and/or a pump, over which clostridia-bacteria and enzymes enter into a water-permeable heat-insulating fermenter (12). The hydrogen produced with the aid of the clostridia is cleaned by carbon dioxide portions and is guided into an accumulator. The cleaned hydrogen is heated to a part over the dosing control system and a heat exchanger by a connector and is recirculated in the base of the fermenter when it rises again in the substrate of the finely dispersed biomass by pipelines accommodating micro-drills and it is heated and intermixed. A sound generator is provided as an additional device with its sound energies and the resulting cavitation energies. The finely dispersed substrate serves as a further grinding device if necessary the substrate is crushed to sub-cellular size. The sound energies are used with the resulting cavitation energies for destroying the undesired antibiotics in the substrate. The structuring of the sound generator groups takes place, in which the sound generators have different natural frequencies and deviating frequencies. The sound generators are positioned in alternating positions (Z 1, Z 2and Z 3). The energy units controlling the sound generator are actuated per random generator. The produced hydrogen is guided from the accumulator to a fuel cell over the supply pipe. The waste heat emerging in the fuel cell is recirculated to the heat exchanger over the pipeline, where the recirculating process takes place when a thermal power station is used instead of fuel cell. The gas mixture such as hydrogen, carbon dioxide and methane existing in the fermenter with mesophilic temperatures is used for additional carbon dioxide-conversion in the fermenter. The cleaning of the biogases from the fermenter is carried out before it enters into the other fermenter. The biogas from the fermenter entering into the other fermenter simultaneously adopts an additional desired turbulence of the substrate in the fermenter. The substrate is evacuated from the fermenter after gas release into the truncated cone-shaped centrifuge over the pipeline. The cone-shaped centrifuge with its smaller diameter aligns to the base with the larger diameter from above. The wall of the centrifuge is porous through micro-pores. The centrifugal force occurring through the rotating centrifuge presses the water contained in the substrate through the porous wall and the water is pumped back into the fermenter by the pump. A control valve opens and closes for the required amount of water in connection with the pump. The substrate released from water creeps through the acting centrifugal force and the inclination angle of the centrifuge wall from above, and is introduced into the container by a scraper. The required process water is added to the substrate over the supply pipe for the fermentation in the fermenter and the required amount of enzymes is additionally introduced over the supply pipe if required. The water-substrate-mixture is pumped into the hexagonal fermenter over the pump. The biogas emerging in the fermentation process is guided into the biogas storage. The obtained biogas is not cleaned when it is used in a conventional thermal power station for generating electricity. The biogas has natural gas quality when it is injected into a public natural gas network, so that it is cleaned according to standard values. The waste heat of the power station is guided to the heat exchanger over the pipeline when a part of the biogas is heated over a secondary volume control and is recirculated in the fermenter. The pipelines are laid on the base in a star-or screw arrangement as in the fermenter and are provided with micro-drills. The recirculated biogas and the hydrogen in the fermenter flow through the drills. The outgased ferment is pumped out over the pump and the pipeline. The apparatus allows a space-saving arrangement of fermenters. The system is transportable as a unit of road and rail.