Patent SE-8204147-D0 (SE)
Inventor: JACKOWSKI R A
IPC: F16J15/32
Filed: 1982-07-05
Abstract: A unitized oil seal with inner and outer rigid casings. A seal lip body with primary and auxiliary sealing lips is bonded to the outer casing, and the sealing lip cooperates with an axial flange on the inner casing to provide a fluid-tight seal band area. The outer casing includes an auxiliary rubber or metal element which positions a locking flange on the inner casing against axial displacement. The axial flange on the inner casing has a radially inturned edge on the end opposite the locking flange to facilitate assembly. The inside diameter of the inner casing and the outside diameter of the outer casing include rubber or plastic sleeves for ease of installation on an associated sealed mechanism. The present invention relates generally to oil seals, and more particularly, to so-called unitized oil seals intended specifically for motor vehicles and related applications. By "unitized" as used herein is meant oil seals in which the primary sealing lip portion and the portion with which such sealing lip is associated in use to form a relatively movable or so-called primary sealare both incorporated within a single oil seal which is sold as a unit. The primary seal may, but need not, also include one or more auxiliary lips, sometimes referred to as "dirt lips" or "excluder lips", the function of which is to keep dirt from the vicinity of the primary lip. Accordingly, the control over the primary seal conditions may be accomplished by the manufacturer, rather than depending upon cooperation between parts manufactured by a seal maker and parts manufactured by the user, such as manufacturers of axles, housings, bearings, shafts, or the like. Oil seals of the type with which the present invention are concerned also normally include two so-called secondary seals, that is, seals wherein relative motion does not take place. One such seal is on a relatively movable part such as an axle or the like, and the other is on a stationery part, such as a housing. In certain other cases, such as in heavy trucks, while the seal assembly includes two portions adapted to form secondary seals, the shaft is sometimes a stationary part and the counterbore or the like is formed in a cap which rotates with the wheel. Because one seal part engages a radially inner sealed component and the other engages an outer component, the seal elements may be referred to "inner" and "outer" elements for convenience. In any case, problems in sealing applications of the type with which the invention are concerned relate to improper sealing conditions which may be caused by installation of the seal, by handling of the seal after manufacture and before or during shipment, and by leakage which is occasioned by improper relative fit between parts, improper positioning, or improper manufacture of one or both of the sealed parts. According to the invention, an easy to install, highly reliable secondary seal is formed on the inside diameter of the unitized seal of the invention, and a similar seal is formed on the outside diameter of the seal, with the primary or relative motion seal occurring between parts of the two members forming the unitized seal. According to the invention, both the inner and outer seal elements have cooperating means associated therewith to insure that the seal may be shipped and installed as a unit, and accordingly, there is a slight axial play or movement permitted between parts, but this free play is kept within designed tolerances during shipping, installation and actual use of the seal. Referring to the prior art, while unitized seals have met with considerable success, including seals of the type described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,762,726, such seals have often been rather difficult to install without the use of special tools. Accordingly, their use has been generally limited to original equipment manufacture applications, and those replacement applications in which the repair or rebuilding facility has the equipment necessary to make the installation. Needless to say, in applications wherein the seal itself is of large diameter and overall size generally, and is required to have portions placed over stub shafts or the like, as well as portions adapted to be received within a counterbore, the seal tends to be made from rather heavy gauge metal parts. Installation of parts of this sort under tight secondary seal conditions often requires the application of considerable force. Where this is true, it is very important that the seal be aligned properly before the force is applied, and that means be provided to insure that the seal is not cocked or otherwise installed irregularly in relation to the sealed parts. Because of the difficultly in installing seals of this type, there has existed in the prior art a need for a seal which is easy to install but which, when installed, is highly reliable in use. There has also been a need for manufacturing a seal which may be installed reliably at low cost and which does not require the use of highly precise components, yet which achieves excellent reliability in sealing. In this connection, it will be appreciated that the cost of seals is relatively low in relation to the cost of the sealed parts, and that an improperly installed seal, or one that leaks prematurely in use, requires labor and other repair cost which are very great in relation to the cost of the seal itself. In addition, warranty replacement costs themselves create potentially serious problems, including those of legal liability, warranty claim handling cost and, viewed from the standpoint of the consumer, a poor image of the manufacturer. Replacing seals also means that equipment down time will occur, causing additional expense and inconvenience to the user. Accordingly, in view of shortcomings of prior art seals, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved unitized seal. Another object of the invention is to provide a unitized seal having inner and outer casing elements, with each element including an associated mounting portion adapted to provide a snug, fluid tight seal with associated machine parts. A still further object is to provide a unitized seal having inner and outer assemblies each adapted to be associated in use with a machine part, with at least one of the assemblies using a plurality of elements adapted to cooperate with each other and the sealed parts to insure an easy, low cost, reliable installation which can be accomplished without the use of special tools or equipment. A further object is to provide a unitized seal which is easy to install and yet which has all of the favorable operating characteristics of prior art unitized seals, and in some cases, operating characteristics which are further improved with respect thereto. Another object of the invention is to provide a unitized seal having a radially inner element which includes a casing portion, means for locating a secondary seal element in a captive position, and one or more secondary seal forming elements retained within said positioning means and adapted to create a tight secondary seal in use. A still further object of the invention is to provide a unitized seal having inner and outer casing elements, having means providing free but limited axial movement between these parts, and providing an elastomeric outer diameter seal portion for easy but fluid tight installation with a portion of the sealed mechanism. A still further object of the invention is to provide a unitized seal having a variety of improved mechanisms for achieving a satisfactory secondary seal. Yet another object is to provide a unitized seal which will provide one or more secondary seals which combine ease of installation with good sealing action, and in some cases, which utilize novel materials and components for this purpose. The foregoing and other objects and advantages of the invention are achieved in practice by providing an easily installed, unitized seal assembly which includes inner and outer mounting assemblies and, associated with one of said mounting assemblies, a primary seal lip unit, and with the other of said assemblies, a cooperating seal surface, with said inner and outer mounting assemblies each having means for secondarily sealing an associated part of a mechanism to be sealed, said unit further including cooperative means for unitizing said seal against undesired axial movement of said mounting assemblies relative to each other so as to maintain said seal lip and said cooperating surface in axially aligned relation. The manner in which the foregoing and other objects of the invention are carried into practice will become more clearly apparent when reference is made to the accompanying detailed description of the preferred embodiments set forth by way of example, and shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numbers indicate corresponding parts throughout.