Patent GB-840093-A (GB)
Title: Aqueous dispersions of elastomeric polymers
IPC: C08L57/00
Filed: 1956-10-31
Abstract: An aqueous dispersion comprises an elastomeric polymer, water, 1 to 10 weight parts of a fatty acid, 1 to 10 weight parts of a water-insoluble ester derivative of a cross-linked interpolymer of a dicarboxylic acid anhydride monomer, a vinyl alkyl ether, and a polymerizable material which contains a plurality of polymerizable alkenyl groups and which is copolymerizable with the anhydride and vinyl ether monomers, and a monoacidic alkaline material, the dispersion having a pH greater than 7, and all weight parts being based on 100 weight parts of the elastomeric polymer.  The dispersion may be made by intimately mixing together the solid elastomeric polymer with the fatty acid and the ester derivative of the cross-linked interpolymer, adding an amount of a monoacidic alkaline material sufficient to adjust the pH of the mixture to greater than 7, and diluting the mixture with water in sufficient amount to cause phase inversion.  The elastomeric polymer may be a copolymer of an isoolefin such as isobutylene, 3-methyl-butene-1, 4-methyl-pentene-1, 2-ethyl-butene-1 and 4-ethyl-pentene-1 with a minor proportion of a polyolefinic hydrocarbon such as butadiene-1,3, isoprene, 2,4-dimethyl-butadiene-1,3, piperylene, 3-methyl-pentadiene-1,3, hexadiene-2,4, 2 - neopentylbutadiene - 1,3, dimethallyl, 2 - methyl - hexadiene - 1,5, 2 - methyl - pentadiene - 1,4 2 - methyl - heptadiene - 1,6, 2 - methyl-heptadiene-1,4, cyclopentadiene, cyclohexadiene, 1-vinyl-cyclohexene-3, 1-vinyl-cyclohexene-1, 1-vinyl-cyclopentene-1, 1-vinyl-cyclobutene-2, dicyclopentadiene, dipentene, a terpinene, terpinolene, a phellandrene, sylvestrene, 2,6 - dimethyl - 4 - methylene - heptadiene-2,5, 2-methyl-hexatriene-1,3,5, myrcene, ocimene, allo-ocimene, fulvene, 6,6-dimethyl-fulvene, 6,6-methyl-ethyl-fulvene, 6-ethyl-fulvene, 6,6-diphenyl-fulvene, 6-phenyl-fulvene, 1,3,3 - trimethyl - 6 - vinyl - cyclohexadiene - 2,4, cycloheptatriene, 6,6 - vinyl - methyl - fulvene, 6,6-diisopropenyl-fulvene, a phenyl butadiene, a divinyl benzene, a diallyl benzene, vinyl allyl benzene or a divinyl naphthalene, or may be a chlorosulphonated or halogenated butyl rubber, polyisobutylene, an elastomeric polyurethane prepared by reacting 1,5-naphthylene, p-phenylene or 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate with a hydroxyl terminated polyethylene adipate or with a polytetramethylene ether glycol and water, a halogenated or chlorosulphonated polyethylene, natural rubber, polyisoprene, copolymers of butadiene-1,3 and lesser proportions of styrene, acrylonitrile, acrylic or methacrylic acid, methacrylates or acrylates, or vinylidene chloride, polyethyl acrylate, polychloroprene, or a polysulphide, polyester or silicone elastomer. The fatty acid may be lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic or oleic acid or a mixture thereof.  The dicarboxylic acid anhydride may be maleic, chloromaleic, 2,3-dicyanomaleic, or dimethyl, diphenyl, dibenzyl, di-(p-methylphenyl) or dicyclohexyl maleic anhydride.  The vinyl alkyl ether may be vinyl methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, hexyl or 2-ethyl hexyl ether. The polymerizable material which contains a plurality of alkenyl groups may be a polyalkenyl polyether prepared by reacting an alkenyl halide such as allyl or methallyl chloride or bromide, with a polyhydric alcohol such as 1,2,3-butane triol, 2,3,4-trihydroxy butyric acid, erythrose, threose, erythrulose, arabinose, xylose, lyxose, ribose, araboketose, xyloketose, glucose, galactose, mannose, gulose, idose, talose, allose, fructose, sorbose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, raffinose, starch, erythritol, xylitol, mono-, di- and tri-pentaerythritol, arabitol, mannitol, iditol, tolitol, sorbitol, inositol, dulcitol, and gluconic, glucuronic, galactonic, galacturonic, saccharic, mucic and pectic acid.  A preferred cross-linked interpolymer is that derived from molar equivalents of maleic anhydride and vinyl methyl ether and 1% of allyl sucrose based on the combined weight of maleic anhydride and vinyl methyl ether, the allyl sucrose having an average of 5.6 to 5.8 allyl groups for each sucrose molecule; other monomers such as styrene, acrylonitrile, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl acetate, vinyl benzoate, diethyl maleate, ethylene, isobutylene and acrylic acid may also be incorporated up to 20% of the total monomer mixture.  The interpolymer may be esterified with lauryl, octyl, nonyl or heptyl alcohol, diethyl- or dimethyl - aminoethanol or diethylaminopropanol.  The monoacidic alkaline material may be ammonium, sodium, or potassium hydroxide or ammonium carbonate. The dispersions may be used for preparing articles by dipping or for coating cords and fabrics for use in tyre and belt construction. Specification 701,453 is referred to.