Patent GB-862181-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the elution of ionizable substances in non-aqueous solvents
IPC: B01D15/04
Filed: 1957-01-09
Abstract: In an ion-exchange reaction, at least one ionizable substance is adsorbed on an insoluble, open-chain high molecular weight polymer containing ion-exchange groups and is eluted with a solvent substantially free of water.  This insoluble ion-exchanger may be amylose, amylopectin, inulins, alpha cellulose, oxycellulose, xylans, pectins, algins, glycogens, chitins, chondroitin sulphuric acid, heparin hyaluronic acid, levans and dextrans.  A preferred ion-exchanger can be derived from paper, cotton, wood pulp and cotton cloth and may be in the form of sheeting, belting, pressed solids or finely divided particles.  These ion-exchange groups may be either acidic (cation exchanger), e.g. a carboxyl group, or basic (anion exchanger), e.g. primary, secondary and tertiary amino groups or quaternary ammonium salts. Examples of cellulose anion exchangers are the dimethylaminoethyl ether of cellulose and the diethylaminoethyl ether of cellulose. These exemplary cellulose anion exchangers can be prepared by condensing sodium cellulose with 2-chloro-N, N-dimethylethylamine, or 2-chlorotriethylamine, respectively.  Also examples of cellulose cation exchangers are carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cellulose phosphate and cellulose citrate.  The carboxymethyl cellulose is available commercially, while cellulose citrate can be prepared by esterifying an alpha cellulose with citric acid.  The non-aqueous solvents may be acetone, methylethyl ketone, methylisobutyl ketone, diethyl ketone, butyraldehyde, propionaldehyde, acetic, propionic, caproic and pelargonic acids, acetic anhydride, ethyl, ethylene, propyl and butyl ethers, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, pentane, hexane, heptane, decane, heptene, octene, decene, tridecene, pentadecene, benzene, toluene, naphthalene, ethylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, nitroethylene, formamide, diethyl formamide, ethyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulphoxide, liquid ammonia, liquid sulphur dioxide, liquid hydrogen fluoride, liquid nitrogen and liquid helium; nitrogen-containing organic solvents, such as nitro compounds, e.g. nitrohexane, nitroheptane and nitrodecane; amides, e.g. caprylamide; nitriles; and primary, secondary and tertiary amines, e.g. octylamine.  Quaternary ammonium compounds adsorbed on such high molecular weight polymers containing cation exchange groups may be eluted. These quaternary ammonium compounds can be halide or hydroxide derivatives in which the quaternary component is alkyltrimethyl ammonium.  The alkyl group (or groups) of these quaternary ammonium compounds can contain from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and can be saturated or unsaturated.  Dimethyldidodecyl ammonium chloride, trimethyldodecyl ammonium chloride, dimethyldioctadecylammonium chloride, trimethyloctadecylammonium chloride, dodecyldimethyl benzylammonium chloride, octadecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, (p-diisobutylphenoxyethoxy) - ethylbenzyldiethylammonium chloride, trimethyloctylammonium chloride, dimethyldodecylbenzylammonium chloride and methyltrioctadecylammonium chloride, trimethyl "coco" ammonium chloride, dimethyldi "tallow" ammonium chloride and trimethyl "soya" ammonium chloride are examples of such quaternary ammonium compounds. Specifically exemplified are the separation of trimethyloctadecyl ammonium hydroxide, chloride, acetate or stearate in chloroform using a cellulose citrate, carboxymethyl cellulose or cellulose phosphate.ALSO:In an ion-exchange reaction, at least one ionizable substance is adsorbed on an insoluble, open-chain high molecular weight polymer containing ion exchange groups and is eluted with a solvent substantially free of water.  This insoluble ion-exchanger may be amylose, amylopectin, inulins, alpha cellulose, oxycellulose, xylans, pectins, algins, glycogens, chitins, chondrictin sulphuric acid, heparin hyaluronic acid, levans and dextrans.  A preferred ion-exchanger can be derived from paper, cotton, wood pulp and cotton cloth and may be in the form of sheeting, belting, pressed solids or finely divided particles.  These ion-exchange groups may be either acidic (cation exchanger) e.g. a carboxyl group, or basic (anion exchanger), e.g. primary, secondary and tertiary amino groups or quaternary ammonium salts. Examples of cellulose anion-exchangers are the dimethylaminoethyl ether of cellulose and the diethyl aminoethyl ether of cellulose. These exemplary cellulose anion-exchangers can be prepared by condensing sodium cellulose with 2-chloro-N,N-dimethylethylamine, or 2-chlorotriethylamine, respectively.  Also examples of cellulose cation-exchangers are carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cellulose phosphate and cellulose citrate.  The carboxymethyl cellulose is available commercially, while cellulose citrate can be prepared by esterifying an alpha cellulose with citric acid.  The non-aqueous solvents may be acetone, methylethyl ketone, methylisobutyl ketone, diethyl ketone, butyraldehyde, propionaldehyde, acetic, propionic, caproic and pelargonic acids, acetic anhydride, ethyl, ethylene, propyl and butyl ethers, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, pentane, hexane, heptane, decane, heptene, octene, decene, tridecene, pentadecene, benzene, toluene, naphthalene, ethylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, nitroethylene, formamide, diethyl formamide, ethyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulphoxide, liquid ammonia, liquid sulphur dioxide, liquid hydrogen fluoride, liquid nitrogen and liquid helium; nitrogen-containing organic solvents, such as nitro compounds, e.g. nitrohexane, nitroheptane and nitrodecane; amides, e.g. caprylamide; nitriles; and primary, secondary and tertiary amines, e.g. octylamine.  Specification 862,180 is referred to.