Patent GB-974964-A (GB)
Title: Method and apparatus for analysing a signal
IPC: G06G7/75
Filed: 1963-04-25
Abstract: 974,964. Peak signal analysis. SHELL INTERNATIONALE RESEARCH MAATSCHAPPIJ N.V. April 25, 1963 [April 21, 1962], No. 16377/63. Heading G1U. In a method of analysing an electrical signal showing a number of peaks, the time integral of the signal for each relevant peak is determined either electro-mechanically using an integrating motor or electronically, and whenever a peak appears in the signal the slider of a related potentiometer is mechanically connected to the integrating motor or to a servomotor to which the electronic integration values are supplied, as the case may be, and is disconnected when the peak has passed, so that each of a number of such potentiometers is adjusted to a final resistance value which is a measure of the time integral for the corresponding signal peak. The method finds particular use in chromatographic analysis, wherein an electrical output showing peaks corresponding to components in a mixture is normally obtained, the area of each peak representing the amount of the component present. By using the method of the invention to analyse these peaks, information may be made available immediately for such purposes as process control. In one embodiment of the invention the signal 1 showing peaks is fed via an attenuator 2 and an amplifier 3 to an integrating motor 4. This motor operates a shaft which drives a voltage generator 5, a variable ratio transmission apparatus 6 and a magnetic clutch 7. The voltage generator 5 supplies two signals, one of which gives feedback to the amplifier 3, while the other operates a relay 12 under certain conditions so as to alter the attenuation in the unit 2 and ratio in the transmission apparatus 6 according to the magnitude of the input. The clutch 7 is under the control of a programme unit 22 which is set in accordance with the positions of the peaks so as to cause the clutch to transfer the drive from the motor successively to the sliders G1 to G2..to Gn of the potentiometers P1, P2.... Pn, each potentiometer corresponding to one of the peaks in the input signal. The potentiometers P 1 , P 2 .. P n  are arranged together with the adjustable resistances C 1 , C 2  . . C n  in parallel across an adjustable D.C. supply 16, the resistances C 1 , C 2  &c. being set individually to compensate for the varying sensitivity of the apparatus to different components of the mixture being analysed. Partial currents flow from each potentiometer through the resistances H 1 , H 2  &c. and produce a voltage across the resistance R, which voltage is applied to one side of an amplifier 19. This amplifier drives a servomotor 20 which controls the D.C. source 16 so that the currents flowing in the system are adjusted until the voltage across R is equal to the voltage of the source. 18. The voltage of the source 18 is arranged to be that required to give a full scale deflection of the recorder 10 so that the sum of all the partial currents will give this full scale deflection(when the switch Sr is in the correct position). If the programme unit 22 also controls the switches S 1 , S 2  &c. it can be arranged that each partial current can be utilized separately to give an indication of the amount of the component to which the setting of the related potentiometer has been made to correspond. An alternative embodiment wherein the integrating motor is replaced by an electronic integrator coupled to a servomotor is described (Fig. 2 not shown).