baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent TW-202303544-A (TW)
Title: Method for producing image display device, and image display device
Inventor: AKIMOTO HAJIME
IPC: G09F9/00
Filed: 2022-03-17
Abstract: A method for producing an image display device according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a step for preparing a substrate that comprises a circuit and a first insulating film that covers the circuit; a step for forming a conductive layer that contains a single crystal metal on the first insulating film; a step for forming a semiconductor layer that comprises a light-emitting layer on the conductive layer; a step for forming a light-emitting element by etching the semiconductor layer, the light-emitting element having a bottom surface on the conductive layer, while having a light emitting surface on the reverse side from the bottom surface; a step for forming a second insulating film that covers the conductive layer, the light-emitting element, and the first insulating film; a step for forming a first via that penetrates through the first insulating film and the second insulating film; and a step for forming a wiring layer on the second insulating film. The first via is provided between the wiring layer and the circuit, and electrically connects the wiring layer and the circuit to each other.
Patent TW-202230101-A (TW)
Title: 觸控感測器信號積分
Inventor: REYNOLDS GRAHAME
IPC: G06F3/044
Filed: 2017-11-16
Abstract: 在特定實施例中，一種方法包含：在一第一同步週期期間，藉由感測一觸控感測器的一充電信號之一第一上升邊緣而執行一第一正積分；及在一第二同步週期期間，藉由感測該充電信號之一第一下降邊緣而執行一第一負積分。該方法亦包含在該第二同步週期期間，雙態切換該充電信號，從而導致該充電信號之一第二上升邊緣。該方法進一步包含：在一第三同步週期期間，藉由感測該充電信號之一第二下降邊緣而執行一第二負積分；及在一第四同步週期期間，藉由感測該充電信號之一第三上升邊緣而執行一第二正積分。該等第一積分與一第一樣本量測相關聯且該等第二積分與一第二樣本量測相關聯。
Patent TW-202331460-A (TW)
Title: 一種用於計算環境的熱管理系統
Inventor: CHEN YI-CHIEH
IPC: G06F1/20
Filed: 2022-04-25
Abstract: 本發明的一種用於計算環境的熱管理系統包括機櫃、入口溫度感測器、冷卻裝置、環境感測器以及至少一個處理器。機櫃用於容納至少一個計算設備。入口溫度感測器配置以檢測至少一個計算設備的入口溫度數據，入口溫度數據代表機櫃的內部溫度。環境感測器配置以檢測機櫃外的環境溫度數據，環境溫度數據代表機櫃的外部溫度。至少一個處理器係用於 (a) 判定一個或多個入口溫度數據和/或環境溫度數據是否超過溫度範圍，(b) 當超過所述溫度範圍時，因應產生指示溫度問題的第一警告訊號。
Patent TW-202311199-A (TW)
Inventor: SOUDIER JEROME
IPC: C04B24/12
Filed: 2022-05-10
Abstract: 本發明關於用於煉鋼爐渣與水的反應的促進劑。所述促進劑選自由以下組成之群組：烷醇胺、還原劑、糖、糖酸、羧酸或其鹽、胺基酸或其鹽、胺基磺酸、乙二醛、乙醯丙酮、鄰苯二酚、胺基三亞甲基膦酸、羥乙磷酸、無機鹽、或其混合物。本發明還關於包含煉鋼爐渣和所述促進劑的黏合劑及其在建築材料中之用途。
Patent TW-202307681-A (TW)
Inventor: MARTIN ROBERT PAUL
IPC: G06F15/163
Filed: 2022-05-10
Abstract: 在根據本揭露之一實例中，說明一運算裝置。該運算裝置包括一處理器、以及通訊耦合至該處理器並儲存可執行指令之一記憶體。該等指令在受執行時，致使該處理器向一中介者服務發送一請求以使用不同協定將該運算裝置連線至多個遠端運算資源。該等指令在受執行時，致使該處理器使用該中介者服務將該運算裝置連線至該多個遠端運算資源。
Patent TW-202240358-A (TW)
Title: Stylus, sensor controller, and electronic ruler
Inventor: YAMAMOTO SADAO
IPC: G06F9/30
Filed: 2017-03-23
Abstract: To flexibly change slot allocation to each stylus in units of a slot shorter than a frame.
Patent TW-202304552-A (TW)
Title: Electrostimulation device
Inventor: MATSUMOTO SHIGERU
IPC: A61N1/18
Filed: 2022-06-30
Abstract: An electrostimulation device 100 comprises a base 110 and electrode units 112L, 112R fixed on the base 110 to provide electrostimulation to the bottoms of the feet of a user. The base 110 is deformable to follow the movement of the heels.
Patent TW-202335327-A (TW)
Title: Circuit board structure applied in display device
Inventor: LIAO CHI-SHENG
IPC: H01L21/768
Filed: 2022-07-27
Abstract: A display panel includes a substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, a bump disposed on the first surface and including a first inorganic material, a protective layer disposed on the first surface and including an organic material, and a water-resistant layer entirely covering the protective layer and including a second inorganic material. The protective layer has a first opening and the bump is positioned in the first opening. The water-resistant layer has a second opening and a portion of the bump is exposed in the second opening.
Patent TW-202304389-A (TW)
Inventor: SU WEI-REN
IPC: A61B17/115
Filed: 2022-07-29
Abstract: 本發明有關中空兩段式植入無結縫線錨釘，包含：主體，包含：前部、後部、中間部、第一穿設部、第一容置空間、第一螺紋、錐形結構、與穿孔；迫緊元件，包含：第二穿設部、與第二容置空間；以及尖錐，包含：錐身、與錐頭，其中：縫線自主體之外側穿設於穿孔，穿過第一容置空間後，於迫緊元件之外側，自迫緊元件相對於主體之一側穿過第二容置空間，並於主體之外側延伸時，拉動縫線之兩端可調整縫線被迫緊元件以及前部夾持之緊密度；以及當錐身穿置於第一穿設部以及第二穿設部，使錐頭與迫緊元件相鄰時，轉動尖錐可連帶主體與迫緊元件旋轉。
Patent TW-202315342-A (TW)
Title: Coding method, decoding method and related apparatus
Inventor: HU MENG-SHI
IPC: H03M13/11
Filed: 2022-09-06
Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and related apparatus for coding and decoding in a wireless local area network supporting next generation Wi-Fi standard beyond IEEE 802.11ax, for example, 802.11be, or supporting 802.11 series standard, for example, extremely high throughput, EHT standard. Determining, by a coding apparatus, first usable bits according to data bits to be coded and a first code rate; determining a second codeword number and a second codeword length according to the first usable bits and a corresponding relationship of the first usable bits, a first codeword number and a first codeword length under the first code rate. The second codeword number is obtained based on the first codeword number, and the second codeword length is obtained based on the first codeword length. The coding apparatus does not need to store usable bits, codeword number or codeword length under a second code rate, thus the cost of storage is reduced.
Patent TW-202314350-A (TW)
Title: Electrochromic stack and system and method for fabricating thereof
Inventor: GILLASPIE DANE
IPC: G02F1/155
Filed: 2015-11-25
Abstract: The embodiments herein relate to electrochromic stacks, electrochromic devices, and methods and apparatus for making such stacks and devices. In various embodiments, an anodically coloring layer in an electrochromic stack or device is fabricated to include nickel tungsten tantalum oxide (NiWTaO). This material is particularly beneficial in that it is very transparent in its clear state.
Patent TW-202323804-A (TW)
Title: Inspection system, and spot lighting device for inspection
Inventor: KOYAMA TAKAHIKO
IPC: G01N21/88
Filed: 2022-12-07
Abstract: This inspection system comprises a spot lighting device for inspection, provided with a light source body and a light emitting surface for emitting light emerging from the light source body as inspection light, and an imaging device including an object-side telecentric optical system for imaging a workpiece, the inspection system being configured such that the inspection light emitted from the light emitting surface is shone onto the workpiece coaxially with an optical axis of the imaging device, wherein the light source body is configured using a semiconductor laser.
Patent TW-202335499-A (TW)
Inventor: HSIAO YU-LING
IPC: H04N19/132
Filed: 2022-12-21
Abstract: A video coding system that uses multiple models to predict chroma samples is provided. The video coding system receives data for a block of pixels to be encoded or decoded as a current block of a current picture of a video. The system constructs two or more chroma prediction models based on luma and chroma samples neighboring the current block. The system applies the two or more chroma prediction models to incoming or reconstructed luma samples of the current block to produce two or more model predictions. The system computes predicted chroma samples by combining the two or more model predictions. The system uses the predicted chroma samples to reconstruct chroma samples of the current block or to encode the current block.
Patent TW-202333697-A (TW)
Inventor: CHEN YU-FENG
IPC: A61K31/435
Filed: 2023-01-19
Abstract: The present invention provides a compound represented by formula I with excellent Wnt pathway inhibitory activity or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an isotope derivative and a stereoisomer thereof. The present invention further provides a method for preparing the compound, and use thereof for preventing and/or treating cancer, tumor, inflammatory disease, autoimmune disease or immune-mediated disease.
Patent UA-37934-A (UA)
Filed: 2000-05-04
Abstract: The offered invention relates to medicine and stomatology. A method for prophylaxis of dental caries includes the use of biologically active medication - "Spirulina platensis", made of cyanobacteriae.
Patent UA-38594-A (UA)
Title: Device for measurement of viscosity of liquid substances
Filed: 2000-07-31
Abstract: The invention relates to devices for measurement of viscosity of liquid substances and fluidity of disperse powder-like materials. Device for measurement of viscosity of liquid substances has electromagnetic exciter of vibrations of material under investigation, vessel with side walls normal to basis and secondary transformer of viscosity. The body is additionally equipped with support platforms. The shaft is fixed on the body in two support points. At the middle of the shaft, normally to its axis of rigidity, plates with ferromagnetic onlays are fixed. Besides that the device is additionally equipped with induction indicators, springs, amplifier of excitation of low frequency, phase inverter, analog-digital transformer, indicator of linear displacements of probe arranged as rheostat, connected with contact to plate, block for information processing and power sources.
Patent UA-39050-A (UA)
Title: method for producing complex mineral fertilizer AMOPRECIPITAT
Filed: 2001-01-26
Abstract: The invention relates to technology of complex mineral fertilizers with prolonged form of phosphorus, which are used in agriculture for main filling of soil, and also as radiation protectors on soils suffered of Chernobyl accident. A method for producing complex mineral fertilizer comprises neutralization with ammonium of mixture of P2O5 and gypsum with subsequent drying and granulation of ammonized pulp. Before ammonization the mixture is treated with defluorinated phosphoric acid, which has undergone the stage of absorption of ammonia and dust after granulation to achieving in the end product of ratio of CaO : P2O5 = 1:(4.0 - 15.0 ), and ammonization is carried out up to achieving a ratio of NH3 : P2O5 = 1:( 0.33 - 0.41) in the pulp during 1 - 30 minutes.
Patent UA-43168-A (UA)
Title: Composite powdered material
Inventor: Mykolaichuk Oleksii Gordiiovych
Filed: 2001-03-20
Abstract: The invention is useful for coating surfaces of components of electrocoagulator plants for industrial sewage treatment. A composite powdered material based on the polymeric material with metal oxides Al2O3, TiO2, MgO as filling agents. The material additionally contains dicyclohexylamine benzoate or dicyclohexylamine nitrite as corrosion inhibitor and fluoroplastic powder as polymeric material. 43168
Patent UA-44459-A (UA)
Inventor: MARHOLIN YEVHENII KHANANOVYCH
Filed: 2001-03-30
Abstract: The proposed helical escalator contains steps installed onto helical guide elements connected together by a chain to form a continuous movable panel. The construction with vertical and horizontal axes of connection provides two degrees of freedom for the connecting chain. The guide elements and the movable panel are positioned along a closed helical line.
Patent UA-45129-A (UA)
Inventor: NEZHODA IRYNA IVANIVNA
Filed: 2001-05-24
Abstract: The proposed method for assessing genetic susceptibility to infectious diseases by AVO blood groups consists in simulating the isohemoagglutination reaction and inserting, into the reactive system, a microorganism polysaccharide fraction containing sugars that are similar to the blood substance in the certain blood group. In the reaction, the polysaccharide fraction and endotoxine of the associated infectious pathogen are involved.
Patent UA-54278-A (UA)
Title: Device for developing writing skills with action on the hearing, visual, and tactile organs and monitoring pressure on a writing element
Inventor: Bihar Vasyl Mikhailovych
Filed: 2002-07-10
Abstract: The proposed device for developing writing skills with action on the hearing, visual, and tactile organs and monitoring pressure on a writing element contains an audio-frequency signal generator, a visual indicator, a writing element with a contact tip, an imitator of an exercise-book sheet with conducting surface designed for writing letters, letter combinations, and digits, a sounding signal generator, a rectifier, an amplifier, a control unit, a force transducer for measuring the pressure of the writing element, an electromechanical vibrator, and a unit for voice accompaniment.
Patent UA-54331-A (UA)
Title: Method for diagnosis connection of pancreas cyst with the pancreas duct system in chronic pancreatitis
Inventor: KOROTKYI VALERII MYKOLAIOVYCH
Filed: 2002-08-21
Abstract: The proposed method for diagnosis connection of pancreas cyst with the pancreas duct system in chronic pancreatitis consists in taking the cyst puncture and accomplishing aspiration and fermentative analysis of the puncture content. In the cyst, the presence of tripsinogen-2 is determined, and the connection of pancreas cyst with the pancreas duct system is diagnosed if tripsinogen-2 is detected.
Patent UA-60742-A (UA)
Title: A method for combined adsorption purification of industrial aqueous-alcoholic solutions
Inventor: MELNYK LIUDMYLA MYKOLAIVNA
Filed: 2003-02-12
Abstract: A method for combined adsorption purification of industrial aqueous-alcoholic solutions provides for adsorption of admixtures with sorbent. At that paligorskite and active coal which surface is previously subjected to vacuumization are used as sorbent.
Patent RS-20050170-A (RS)
Title: A pharmaceutical composition
Inventor: ARMSTRONG DAVID NIGEL
IPC: A61K9/00
Filed: 2003-08-22
Abstract: A topical composition comprises at least 5-wt % metronidazole or a pharmacologically acceptable derivative thereof in a non- aqueous vehicle. The composition may be used in the treatment of conditions of the colon, rectum, anorectum and perianal region, in particular inflammatory bowel disease and perianal Crohn's disease. The composition also relieves pain and inflammation and promotes healing of the colon, rectum, and anorectum and perianal region following surgical operations. One advantage of the composition is that topical administration of metronidazole results in a primarily local effect and thus side effects observed from systemic administration are avoided.
Patent DO-P2016000149-A (DO)
Title: Piperidiniltetrahidroquinolinas sustituidas y su uso como antagonistas de los adenoreceptores alfa-2c
Inventor: LANG DIETER
IPC: C07D491/107
Filed: 2016-06-17
Abstract: LA PRESENTE SOLICITUD SE RELACIONA CON NUEVAS PIPERIDINILTETRAHIDROQUINOLINAS SUSTITUIDAS, CON PROCESOS PARA SU PREPARACIÓN, CON SU USO PARA EL TRATAMIENTO Y/O PREVENCIÓN DE ENFERMEDADES Y CON SU USO PARA PREPARAR MEDICAMENTOS PARA EL TRATAMIENTO Y/O PREVENCIÓN DE ENFERMEDADES, EN PARTICULAR PARA EL TRATAMIENTO Y/O PREVENCIÓN DE MICROANGIOPATÍAS DIABÉTICAS, ÚLCERAS DIABÉTICAS DE LAS EXTREMIDADES, EN PARTICULAR PARA PROMOVER EL CURADO DE HERIDAS DE ÚLCERAS DE PIE DIABÉTICO, FALLA CARDIACA DIABÉTICA, TRASTORNOS CARDIACOS MICROVASCULARES CORONARIOS DIABÉTICOS, TRASTORNOS VASCULARES PERIFÉRICOS Y CARDIACOS, TRASTORNOS TROMBOEMBOLÍTICOS E ISQUEMIAS, TRASTORNOS DE LA CIRCULACIÓN PERIFÉRICA, FENÓMENO DE RAYNAUD, SÍNDROME DE CREST, TRASTORNOS MICROCIRCULATORIOS, CLAUDICACIÓN INTERMITENTE, Y NEUROPATÍAS PERIFÉRICAS Y AUTÓNOMAS.
Patent DO-P2017000052-A (DO)
Title: Nuevos anticuerpos anti-mfi2 y metodos de uso
Inventor: SAMUEL WILLIAMS
IPC: C12P21/08
Filed: 2017-03-02
Abstract: Aquí se proveen nuevos anticuerpos anti-MFI2 y conjugados de droga anticuerpo, y los métodos para usar tales anticuerpos anti-MFI2 y conjugados de fármaco anticuerpo para tratar el cáncer.
Patent DO-P2021000070-A (DO)
Title: Inhibidores de la proteína tirosina fosfatasa
Inventor: OREN T MCNULTY
IPC: C07D519/00
Filed: 2021-04-16
Abstract: Se proporcionan compuestos de la Fórmula I o un estereoisómero, tautómero, profármaco o sal farmacéuticamente aceptable del mismo, los cuales son útiles para la fabricación de medicamentos para el tratamiento de enfermedades hiperproliferativas. Se describen métodos para utilizar los compuestos de la Fórmula I o un estereoisómero, tautómero, profármaco o sal farmacéuticamente aceptable del mismo, para su diagnóstico, prevención o tratamiento in vitro, in situ e in vivo, de tales trastornos en células de mamífero o padecimientos asociados.
Patent DO-P2021000147-A (DO)
Title: Combinacion terapeutica que comprende lamivudina
Inventor: MARK RICHARD UNDERWOOD
IPC: A01N43/00
Filed: 2021-07-14
Abstract: La presente invención se refiere a una combinación que comprende un compuesto de la fórmula (I)  (I) o una sal farmacéuticamente aceptable del mismo, lamivudina o una sal farmacéuticamente aceptable de la misma. Estas combinaciones son útiles en la inhibición de la réplica del VIH, la prevención y/o el tratamiento de la infección por VIH, y en el tratamiento de SIDA y/o ARC.
Patent EG-26010-A (EG)
Title: Device for fluorescent tube armatures
Inventor: TAGE DUNGSKOG
IPC: F21Y115/10
Filed: 2008-07-20
Granted: 2012-12-09
Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for fluorescent tube armatures, the device being intended to replace a previously occurring fluorescent tube. The device has a light emitting diode unit (4) comprising at least one electrical drive unit (4.1), which is connected to at least one phase wire, as well as is connected to at least one neutral wire via at least one wire (4.2) comprising at least one light-emitting diode (4.3).
Patent GB-189705570-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Type Distributing Apparatus.
Inventor: IMRAY OLIVER
Filed: 1897-03-02
Granted: 1897-05-08
Abstract: 5570. Imray, O., [Cox Type-Setting Machine Co.]. March 2. Type, distributing.-Line-holders H, containing type to be distributed, are placed vertically on stationary parts G, g of the machine. The type then rests on a disc D, rotating step-by-step below the disc g, and having in its edge vertical slots and test-plates, which allow types fitting them to drop. Empty holders are placed on a sloping support C<1>, which rotates with the disc D, each holder receiving type from one of the test-plates. When full, the holders are removed to a type-setting machine. The machine is supported on a post A, and driven by a shaft o, connected by O<2>, 0, K<3> with a shaft K. This rotates a vertical shaft I, carrying an eccentric to oscillate a lever i' horizontally, and a grooved cam to oscillate a pawl, pivoted on the lever i<2>; the pawl engages a toothed ring b, and rotates it a tooth at a time. The ring b carries the support C<1> and disc D. The shaft K also rotates another vertical shaft L, carrying a grooved cam to oscillate a pawl on a spring- held arm ; in moving inward, the pawl engages a tooth of the ring b, and turns this until another tooth bears against a shoulder on the arm, which thus accurately determines the position of the ring b each time it stops. The shaft K also carries a cam K<4> oscillating a lever F<2> to reciprocate two links, a ring, and a disc F vertically ; this disc oscillates plates E, pivoted above the support C', to push down the type which have passed the test-pieces. The places of one or more of the holders H around the support G a r e taken by vertical rods carrying brushes or rubbers at their lower ends to clean the testpieces on the disc D. These rods are connected to spring- supported levers, and are quickly depressed and raised by a tappet on the shaft 0 engaging the levers each time the disc D stops.
Patent GB-189707555-A (GB)
Title: An Improved Process of and Apparatus for Extracting Gold from its Ores and Compounds.
Inventor: CASSEL HENRY RENNER
Filed: 1897-03-23
Granted: 1898-03-12
Abstract: 7555. Cassel, H. R., and Hinman, B. C. March 23. Gold is extracted from its ores and compounds by the use of a bromine solution in such a manner that the escape of noxious fumes is prevented and the bromine solution is recovered for re-use. Fig. 1 shows one arrangement of apparatus suitable for use with an alkaline solution of bromine. The pulverized ore is placed in a vat a, and moistened by acid supplied from a tank c. The bromine solution is then run in from the tank b in sufficient quantity to completely cover the ore. The solution thus obtained is run into a tank d, and the bromine set free by chlorine supplied from a cylinder d<1>. This bromine is vaporized by a current of air or steam supplied from the blower e and conveyed to a condensing-tower f, in which it meets an alkaline solution supplied from the tank g. In modified arrangements, additional towers are employed for condensing, and in some cases for vaporizing when steam or air is used with an aqueous solution of bromine. Vats may be used instead of towers.
Patent GB-189719981-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Copyholders for Typewriting Machines.
Inventor: BINGHAM ELI B
Filed: 1897-08-31
Granted: 1898-07-23
Abstract: 19,981. Bingham, E. B. Aug. 31. Copy holders for type-writers.-The uprights 2 of the framework carrying the roller 6 are secured to the carriage of the type-writer by set-screws 4. The roller 6, which carries the copy, is exactly similar to the ordinary platen roller 7. A rod 18 attached to the line-spacing lever 20 carries a pawl 22 for actuating the copy-carrying roller. An adjustable fork 23 allows the position of the pawl 22 to be varied if the rollers 6, 7 are not required to be fed at the same speed. When it is desired to feed them forward equally, the pawl 22 may be disengaged and the rollers connected by the belt 11 passing round the pulleys 9.
Patent GB-189722545-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Lightbuoys.
Inventor: RAMSTEN CARL HENRIK
Filed: 1897-10-01
Granted: 1898-10-01
Abstract: 22,545. Ramsten, C. H. Oct. 1. B u o y s . -Vertical strips of coloured glass are arranged round the light with spaces between them, so that, when viewed from a distance, the light changes from white to coloured on the rotation of the buoy about a vertical axis. The glass strips are secured between metal rings, either within or outside the lens 11. The frame 12 carrying the lantern is secured to a vertical spindle, which is provided with a balancing or pendulum weight at the lower end, and is mounted by means of a ball-and-socket joint 13 within the framework of the buoy. The pendulum spindle maintains the lantern in an upright position, and is steadied by chains 15, which pass over pulleys and are attached to the weights 17. Indiarubber buffers or spring connections 18 are interposed between the chain and weights. A slack mooring-chain 3 x is arranged to slide freely along a shackle 3 pivoted to the buoy, and inclined blades or screws 4 fixed to the buoy cause it to turn on a vertical axis when it is moved up and down by the waves or currents. A weight is attached to the lower end of the buoy to maintain it in a vertical position.
Patent GB-189723777-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Water Tube Steam Generators.
Inventor: SAMPSON John
Filed: 1897-10-15
Granted: 1898-08-27
Abstract: 23,777. Sampson, J. Oct. 15. Water-tube boilers.-The water tubes traversing the combustion chamber and connected to the drum A are made straight and connected at their lower ends to one or more water pockets E, arranged above the fire-doors and having removable lids, so that the tubes can be readily and separately inspected. The feed, before entering the drum A, passes through the tubes H, which thus form a feedwater-heater ; the steam leaving the drum A passes through the superheating-tubes K<1>.
Patent GB-189723791-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the Manufacture of Braid, Lace Work, and the like.
Inventor: BRUN LOUIS CLAUDE
Filed: 1897-10-15
Granted: 1898-04-02
Abstract: 23,791. Brun, L. C. May 1, [date claimed under Sec. 103 of Patents &c. Act, A.D. 1883]. Braid; lace.-Braid or lace work is made with tubular edges b having inextensible threads or ribbons b<1> in them. By drawing up or shortening one string b<1> the braid &c. can be formed into a curve which remains flat. The threads or ribbons b<1> may be made to show through the openwork tubes b.