baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-160430-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in electrical signalling by means of alternating currents
IPC: H04B13/02
Filed: 1920-06-17
Abstract: 160,430. Forest, L. de. March 13, 1920, [Convention date]. Inductive and leakage telephony and signalling; aerials.-The two ends 8, 9 of an insulated power line 16, 6, 5, 3, 4, 7, 17 are attached to two cylindrical earth-plates 10, 11, say fifty feet in length, which rest at the bottom of narrow borings 12, 13, say between 500 and 2000 feet deep in the earth. The distance between the borings is, say, sixty kilometres. An alternator 1 feeds the power line through a step-up transformer 2, 3. For a given speed of alternator, the inductances 16, 17 and condensers 5, 4 are adjusted until the ammeter shows a maximum input. A number of such adjustments are made until that alternatorfrequency is obtained which gives the highest maximum input, say, 2,500 cycles per second. There will then be a current node, and a potential loop at each of the earth plates 10, 11, and also at the centre of the transformer secondary 3; so that there exists a natural half wave-length through the earth medium, whilst the entire power circuit comprises two wave-lengths. The receiving system is similarly arranged, approximately parallel to the plane containing the transmission system. It is stated that telephone signals can be transmitted over distances from 100 to 200 times that separating the two legs 10, 11 of the transmitting system.
Patent GB-736567-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in production of metallic titanium
IPC: C25C5/04
Filed: 1953-06-15
Abstract: 736,567. Electrolytic production of titanium. HORIZONS TITANIUM CORPORATION. June 15, 1953 [July 3, 1952], No. 16418/53. Class 41. Metallic titanium is produced in the form of particles larger than 325 mesh by electrolysis of an alkali metal fluotitanate purified to the extent that its total content of aluminium, chromium, iron and vanadium is less than 0.1 per cent by weight of its titanium content, the fluotitanate being electrolysed in a fused salt diluent bath. Sodium and potassium fluotitanates are purified by crystallization from aqueous solution, to contain less than 0.02 per cent by weight of aluminium, chromium, iron and vanadium, inclusive. The fused salt diluent bath comprises alkali metal or alkaline earth metal halides such as sodium chloride or a eutectic mixture of sodium and potassium chloride. The bath components may be vacuum dried.
Patent GB-496820-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in impellers for centrifugal and/or turbo pumps, rotary blowers and compressors and the like
IPC: F04D29/22
Filed: 1937-06-14
Abstract: 496,820. Centrifugal pumps. LYMER, B. J. June 14, 1937, No. 16472. [Class 110 (i)] Impeller blades have near their inlet ends one or more vent or relief openings A, the walls a being inclined toward the direction of flow so that the liquid where turbulence is to be expected will flow from the rear side of the inlet part of the blade to the front side of the outlet part. The walls may be chamfered or radiused. With impellers using both fulllength and short blades, the openings may be in the full-length blades only. The part of the blade nearest the inlet may be advanced in the direction of rotation.
Patent GB-612742-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in refractory bodies with a layer of lustrous carbon
IPC: C04B35/52
Filed: 1946-05-31
Abstract: 612,742. Electric heating resistances. PHILIPS LAMPS, Ltd. May 31, 1946, No. 16549. Convention date, Feb. 20, 1942. [Class 39 (iii)] [Also in Group XXXVI] A layer of lustrous carbon is deposited on refractory insulating tubular bodies 6, more particularly in the manufacture of electrical resistances, by passing the tubular bodies 6 in succession through a cool-walled chamber 1 filled with a neutral gas and into which a cool gaseous carbon compound is introduced, the said bodies being simultaneously heated from within to the temperature necessary for the separation and deposition of carbon thereupon. The tubular bodies 6 slide on an electrically conducting rod 9, which has a contracted part 10 for ' localized heating and extends through the chamber 1 from an inlet pipe 4 to an outlet pipe 5. The pipes 4 and 5 are furnished with lateral branches 7 and 8 through which the neutral gas, e.g. nitrogen, is introduced into the chamber 1. A carbon layer having a resistance of approximately 2,400 ohms is stated to be deposited on a tubular body having an external diameter of 4 mms. and a length of 25 mms. by passing the body through nitrogen containing ¢ per cent of C2H2 and heating the body to a temperature of 1100‹ C. for one minute.
Patent GB-1471951-A (GB)
Title: Fire extinguishing system and valve for use therewith
IPC: F16K31/40
Filed: 1974-04-16
Abstract: 1471951 Valves PYROTECTOR Inc 16 April 1974 [7 May 1973] 16553/74 Heading F2V A discharge valve 12 for controlling flow between a container (10) housing bromotrifluoromethane vaporizable fire extinguishing liquid under pressure and a series of discharge nozzles (16) has a piston 36 which is normally biased by a spring 40 and inlet fluid pressure in chamber 38 against a seat 32 and which is opened by inlet pressure when a pilot valve plunger 42 moves off its seat to connect the chamber 38 to atmosphere at 52. Chamber 38 is pressurized when the pilot valve is closed by leakage past the piston 36 and the pilot valve plunger is lifted off its seat by manual rotation of a cam 54 to move a pin 60 upwards or by energization of a solenoid 20 which is controlled via an amplifier (24) by fire radiation detector units (22).
Patent GB-1298939-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to frequency divider circuits
Inventor: TAYLOR JOHN HARRY
IPC: H03B19/00
Filed: 1969-03-29
Abstract: 1298939 Frequency dividers; television EMI Ltd 18 March 1970 [29 March 1969] 16577/69 Headings H3T and H4F A frequency divider for signals having a periodicity t derives pulses defining intervals Nt separated by Mt (M is equal to or greater than N and being integers), extends the pulses by ¢pt (p being an odd integer) and then generates short-pulses from leading and trailing edges of the extended pulses. The circuit described provides 50 Hertz television field synchronizing pulses from 15, 625 Hertz line pulses, the addition of the ¢t interval assuring that interlace is maintained even if the field frequency drifts. As shown, the divider comprises a synchronized oscillator type frequency divider in which a capacitor 21 is discharged through a constant current circuit 6 until, its voltage falls to a value which allows a line frequency pulse at 13 to trigger a monostable circuit 3, thus to render conducting a rapid recharge circuit 5 and initiate a further charging cycle, each output pulse from the monostable circuit changes the state of a bi-stable circuit 8 alternately to connect and disconnect an additional bias resistor 39 to the discharge circuit so that the discharge period alternates between two values corresponding to 311 and 312 lines. The bi-stable circuit thus produces pulses of mark and space durations equal to 311 and 312 line periods respectively. One output of the bi-stable circuit is differentiated and triggers a monostable circuit 9 to produce a pulse of half-line duration and this is added in OR circuit 10 to the other putput of the bi-stable circuit to extend the pulse duration. A shaper 11 produces pulses at the leading and trailing edges of the extended pulse. Alternatively the different length of mark and space durations may be produced by varying the recharge duration of the capacitor and the half line duration pulse by differentiating an output of the bi-stable circuit. It is also suggested that the mark and space durations could be equal.
Patent GB-420915-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to blasting explosive cartridges and borehole charges
IPC: C06B45/12
Filed: 1933-06-09
Abstract: 420,915. Blasting cartridges; explosives. WHITE, A. G., 45, Caledonia Road, Saltcoats, Ayrshire, and IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, Ltd., Millbank. London. June 9, 1933, No. 16590. [Classes 9 (i) and 9 (ii)] A sheathed explosive blasting-cartridge or bore-hole charge comprises a core of explosive of the safety type of relatively low detonation velocity sheathed with a quantity of a solid cooling material not exceeding 40 per cent of the weight of the explosive. The detonation velocity of the explosive core should not exceed about 2300 metres per second ; and to obtain this low velocity with a given mixture of ingredients, the fineness of the safety ingredients or the coarseness of the power producing ingredients may be increased, or the proportions may be slightly varied. One example contains nitroglycerine 10 per cent, ammonium nitrate (of which the whole passes a 26 mesh I.M.M. sieve, 80 per cent a 50 mesh sieve, and less than 1 per cent an 80 mesh sieve) 66À5 per cent, sodium chloride (passing a 50 mesh sieve) 15 per cent, and woodmeal (of which 7 per cent passes an 80 mesh sieve, 48 per cent a 50 mesh sieve, and 90 per cent a 30 mesh sieve) 8À5 per cent. The velocity of detonation of this mixture is 2,250 metres per second. The preferable solid cooling materials are sodium fluoride and sodium bicarbonate.
Patent GB-476743-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to chlorinated rubbers
IPC: C08C19/12
Filed: 1936-06-15
Abstract: Chlorinated rubber containing less than 60 per cent of chlorine, is prepared by the addition to latex of reactants which liberate chlorine in situ.  Suitable reactants are hydrochloric acid and an oxidizing agent such as a chlorate, permanganate, bichromate, hypochlorite, or peroxide.  The acid may be added to latex stabilized with formalin and saponin, or with formic acid, or to field latex in sufficient quantity to reach the second liquid zone, followed by the addition of a fixed amount of an oxidizing agent, or the oxidizing agent may be added to field latex, and the rubber chlorinated and coagulated by hydrochloric acid subsequently added.  Chlorine water also may be employed. The chlorine content of the product may be predetermined by the amount of available chlorine added.  Chlorinated rubber containing 1 per cent of chlorine can be masticated and vulcanized with sulphur.  As the quantity of chlorine increases the rate of vulcanization with sulphur increases.  Products with a chlorine content of 3,8 per cent and upwards are rendered tough and elastic by heating under pressure in the presence of zinc or magnesium oxides, the elasticity decreasing with increase of chlorine.
Patent GB-924269-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to devices for protecting series capacitors
Inventor: DEY PHANIBHUSAN
IPC: H02H7/16
Filed: 1960-05-11
Abstract: 924,269. Protective arrangements for series capacitors. BRITISH INSULATED CALLENDERS CABLES Ltd. May 11, 1961 [May 11, 1960], No. 16619/60. Addition to 838,150. Class 38 (5). [Also in Group XXXV] A protective device generally similar to that shown in Fig. 1 of the parent Specification, is modified by connecting in parallel with the spark gap 25, an auxiliary spark gap 47 of lower flash-over voltage in series with a resistor 48 and the normally-open contacts 51 of a relay, whose operating coil 50 is energized by the secondary winding of a current transformer 52 through a spark gap 53. Upon overvoltage between the capacitor terminals 3, 4, the main gap 25 flashes over and produces a current pulse through resistors 26, 27 which causes one of the ignitions 5, 6 to conduct, thus by-passing the gap 25 and capacitor 1 which discharges through a damping resistor 13. Shortly after the gap 25 conducts, the gap 53 breaks down and energizes coil 50 to close contacts 51, thus by-passing the gap 25 by the gap 47 which subsequently flashes over to fire the ignitrons alternately on each halfcycle until the over-voltage ceases. The resistors 26, 27 may be replaced by rectifiers connected in the opposite sense to the rectifiers 16, 21 and a resistor may be connected in series with the gap 25, Fig. 2 (not shown). The circuit shown in Fig. 1 may be further modified as described in and with reference to Figs. 2 to 5 of the parent Specification. In a three-phase protective device the relays can be interconnected for simultaneous operation and may be operated manually or by remote control for testing or other purposes, the interconnecting and remote control means being mechanical, hydraulic, electrical or photo-electrical. A by-pass circuit comprising a normally-open switch may be connected between the capacitor terminals, the switch being automatically closed by current flow between the main ignitron electrodes. The switch may be opened manually, or automatically after a predetermined period, and for manual operation may control an indicator circuit. Alternatively, the switch may include a mechanism which automatically maintains it closed for at least one cycle of the supply frequency and which is automatically reset with each current surge through it. The modification effected by replacing resistors 26, 27 by rectifiers may be applied to the circuit shown in Fig. 1 of the parent Specification, such an arrangement, however, forming no part of the present invention.
Patent GB-570692-A (GB)
Title: Process for the separation of isobutene
IPC: C07C7/148
Filed: 1943-10-12
Abstract: Isobutene is separated from a mixture of C4 hydrocarbons containing substantial amounts of isobutene and butene-1, but substantially no butene-2 by contacting with an olefine isomerizing catalyst under isomerizing conditions and at a sufficiently high space velocity to substantially preclude conversion of isobutene to a normal butene while effecting isomerization of butene-1 to butene-2, and fractionating isobutene from the resulting mixture with butene-2. Butane-butene fractions may be fractionated to give an overhead containing isobutane, isobutene and butene-1 and a bottoms containing n-butane and butene-2, this overhead being further separated by the present process.  The invention is applicable to the removal of isobutene in the production of butadiene by catalytic dehydrogenation of n-butane.  The isomerizing catalyst used may be silica-alumina with or without zirconia, activated clay, aluminium sulphate, kiselguhrphosphoric acid, bauxite, aluminium phosphate, pumice, or lime, phosphoric acid, benzene-sulphonic acid, perchloric acid or aqueous zinc chloride.  Solid catalysts may be used as a fixed bed or fluidized in the C4 vapours.  With the phosphoric or other acid catalysts which also polymerize, temperatures are ordinarily about 10-260 DEG  C.  With the alumina-silica composites, activated clays, aluminium phosphate or other solid refractory catalysts, they are about 200-540 DEG  C. Liquid hourly space velocities vary between 3 and 50.  The reaction products are fractionated, any polymer being removed at the base, butene-2 as a bottom fraction, and isobutene, isobutane, and unconverted butene-1 as overhead.  If little butene-1 remains, isobutene and isobutane can be separated as by solvents or azeotropic distillation.  Unconverted butene-1 may, however, be further isomerized by passing the overhead to one or more subsequent isomerization stages with intermediate fractionators.
Patent GB-651780-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electrical connections and circuits and their manufacture
Inventor: LENO JOHN ALBERT
IPC: H05K1/16
Filed: 1947-06-25
Abstract: 651,780. Printed circuits. STANDARD TELEPHONES & CABLES, Ltd. June 25, 1947, No. 16779. [Class 36] An electrical circuit comprises a plurality of superimposed insulating sheets which are bonded together by heat and pressure to form a laminated unit, at least one of the sheets having conductive paths formed from metallic paste printed or otherwise deposited thereon. Fig. 1 illustrates a circuit, the conductors of which are deposited on sheets of insulation such as resin-impregnated paper, in the manner shown in Fig. 2, like references indicating the same points of the circuit. The top sheet carries no conductors, but is provided with holes for giving access to the conductor terminals on the lower sheets. The second and third sheets, which are also provided with holes where necessary, have conductive lines formed thereon, the circuit terminations L, M, S, &c. being brought to the edges of the sheets and enlarged as at L<SP>1</SP>, M<SP>1</SP>, S<SP>1</SP>, &c. The fourth sheet carries the valve heater leads which are formed of metal tapes threaded through slits in the sheet. The bottom sheet is left plain. The sheets are then stacked in the order shown and moulded in a heated press into a laminated unit. The heat and pressure also improves the conductivity of the deposited conductors. The unit is then provided with terminal tags at the exposed circuit terminations on the edges of the unit, and other components are positioned and soldered to the conductor terminals G, H, K, &c. to which access may be had through the apertures in the insulating sheets. A valve holder -is then inserted in the central aperture. More complicated circuits such as radio receivers may be made by this method, and the units may be bent or folded into any desired configuration. Connection may be made between superposed. points on different sheets by removing the insulation between the conductors at such points and applying solder around the holes so formed. After moulding, the conductors at these points can be soldered together. The parts of the circuit at which soldered connections are to be made preferably have a layer of metal such as copper deposited electrolytically thereon. Insulation may be increased by inserting insulating sheets between the conductor carrying sheets. Resistances inductances and condensers may be made in the same manner as the conductors if desired, using suitable conductive or resistance pastes. Specifications 4681/03, [Class 36], 569,388, [Group II], 624,149 and 639,591, [Group XXXV], are referred to.
Patent GB-478996-A (GB)
Title: Process for the catalytic treatment of motor fuel
IPC: C10G35/06
Filed: 1937-06-16
Abstract: The anti-knock value of motor fuels is improved by heating them to elevated temperatures of 500--750 DEG  C. in presence of granular catalysts comprising magnesium oxide supporting successive additions of lead chromate and zinc sulphate.  The magnesium oxide is obtained by decomposing magnesite, periclase or dolomite by heating them to 800--900 DEG  C.  The calcined oxide is ground and impregnated with the promoter compounds by successive precipitation and adsorption from aqueous solutions of the salts. 100 parts of magnesite burned at 800 DEG  C. for one hour were treated with 200 parts of a 5 per cent potassium dichromate solution at boiling point for half an hour.  The solution was filtered off, the magnesia base dried at 300 DEG  C., and then treated with a 7,5 per cent lead acetate solution followed by similar treatment with a 25 per cent zinc sulphate solution, and after filtering and washing was finally dried at 600 DEG  C.  The dried catalyst was placed in a vertical chamber heated to 500 DEG  C. and a naphtha fraction of 130--225 DEG  C. boiling range was passed through for a contact time of 4 seconds.  The octane number of the naphtha was increased from 40 to 70.
Patent GB-719164-A (GB)
Title: A bracket for carrying a gas-heated radiant heating apparatus
Inventor: BRATT LAWRENCE ASHLEY
IPC: F24C15/08
Filed: 1952-07-04
Abstract: 719,164. Brackets. RADIATION, Ltd. June 23, 1953 [July 4, 1952]. No. 16843/52. Class 52(5) [Also in Group XI] A bracket for carrying radiant heaters a comprises four arms b each formed integrally with a back plate c for attachment to a wall and with an abutment e at its forward end. The arms are connected by tie rods f on which are mounted tubes g to serve as distance pieces. The heaters are mounted by means of hooks h which engage over the abutment e or over a metal strip k attached to the abutments e. A bar of channelsection may replace the rods f. Specification 697,811, [Group XI], is referred to.
Patent GB-235024-A (GB)
Title: An adjustable guard for safety-razor
IPC: B26B21/16
Filed: 1924-07-14
Abstract: 235,024. Latham, E. July 14, 1924. Razors, safety. The guard 1 of a safety-razor is carried at the ends 2 of a yoke 3 slidably engaging guides in or on the frame 6 carrying the blade and is adjusted in relation to the blade by a screw 11 engaging the yoke and the frame or a part secured thereto. The yoke 3 may slide in grooves 5 in the underside of the frame 6 or in grooves in a plate 7 secured to the same and carrying the handle 9. The screw 11 screws into the boss 8 on the handle and has a groove 12 engaging the saddle-piece 13 of the yoke. The blade is locked by a lever 15 slidable in a slot 14 in the underside of the frame or in the plate 7.
Patent GB-194219-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to apparatus for separating seeds and grain
IPC: B07B13/11
Filed: 1922-06-19
Abstract: 194,219. Eddy, E. D. June 19, 1922. Washing; wet-separating.-Seeds &c. are separated according to specific gravity by centrifugal force in a brine or other solution, the density of which is intermediate between that of i the lighter and heavier constituents. A portion of the liquid, supplied under pressure by a pipe 54, passes through a pipe 124 into the truncated upper conical casing 1.. The remainder passes through a pipe 52 into the hopper 47 and, together with the seeds fed in by the spout 50, drops down a pipe 48 into the closed hollow rotor journaled in bearings 28, 29 in the framework 26 and driven by the belt 36. The rotor consists of a bowl-shaped portion 7, an outwardly extending flange 9 having arc-shaped slots 10, an upper annular flange 8, and a cone-shaped member 15 provided with vanes 16. A modified form of rotor consists of a series of superimposed dish-shaped plates. Centrifugal force causes the seeds of specific gravity greater than that of the liquid to move outwards and upwards over the flaring flange 8 to the shell of the rotor 12, the conical form of which causes them to be forced downwards through the liquid and out of the rotor through the slots 10 in the inverted conical casing 2. From here they are carried by a spiral current downwards past the baffle plate 56 and out through the discharge valve 57. The seeds of specific gravity less than that of the liquid are centripetally displaced to the inner surface of the liquid in the rotor, where they are carried upwards by the current through the neck 13 and are discharged through the chamber 23 and the pipe 24. The liquid supply is preferably adjusted so that no liquid passes in either direction through the slots 10 in the flange 9 so that the separation takes place in a neutral zone free from liquid currents. For this purpose the pipes 124, 52 supply all the liquid discharging respectively through the valve 57 and the neck 13 of the rotor into the chamber 23. In the event of a stoppage the liquid is prevented from overflowing by means of the pipe 46, the annular trough 43, and the pipe 44 which discharges into the chamber 23.