Patent GB-929053-A (GB)
Title: Dyeing, fluorescent brightening and/or printing textile materials
Inventor: LUETZEL GERHARD
IPC: D06L3/12
Filed: 1962-02-02
Abstract: Processes for dyeing and printing textile materials comprise treating the material, if necessary at elevated temperature, in the presence of a strongly alkaline reacting agent with a dye or fluorescent brightening agent which has one or more reactive hydrogen atoms preferably attached by way of nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur or which is capable of forming such atoms during the process and with an uncoloured non-fluorescent polyfunctional compound which has at least three ethylenimine groups preferably attached by way of carbon or phosphorus, the said ethylenimine groups being optionally substituted by one or more aliphatic radicals, or which is capable of forming such groups during the process.  The textile materials may be of natural or regenerated cellulose, polymers or copolymers of acrylonitrile or aromatic polyesters.  Specified alkaline agents are sodium and potassium hydroxide, sodium and potassium carbonate and as compounds which are converted into strongly alkaline reacting agents under the conditions of the process sodium and potassium bicarbonate, disodium and trisodium phosphate.  Mixtures of any of the above agents may be used.  The dyestuffs suitable for the present invention may be substantive or reactive dyes from a very large number of specified series and may be soluble or insoluble in water.  The optical brighteners may be of stilbene, benzimidazole, benzoxazole or benzthiazole series.  The preferred groupings which contain one or more reactive hydrogen atoms are sulphonic acid amides, HO-alkylene, H2N-alkylene and/or sulphonic acid alkylamide groups, for example H2N-SO2-, HO-CH2CH2-, H2N-CH2-CH2-and/or H3C-NH-SO2- groups. Groupings capable of forming reactive hydrogen atoms during the process are, for example, methylene ether or ester groups which are converted to methylol groups during the process.  The water-solubilizing sulphonic acid-amide, -(b -hydroxyethyl) amide and -methylamide groups are suitable for the dyes of the present invention.  The said uncoloured polyfunctional compounds may advantageously contain three or more groups of the formula <FORM:0929053/IV(a)/1> in which X and Y which are the same or different represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical especially an ethyl or methyl group.  Suitable compounds have the formulae: <FORM:0929053/IV(a)/2> Fixation of the dyestuffs may be effected at room temperature but advantageously by steam or dry heat at 40 DEG -150 DEG C.  Although the dye, polyfunctional compound and alkali may be applied separately and in any sequence it is preferred to apply them simultaneously. A dye composition containing dyestuff, polyfunctional compound and, if desired, dispersing agents and/or protective colloids and/or usual auxiliaries may be employed.  The polyfunctional compounds may be used as aqueous dispersions or as solutions in water-miscible solvents such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, glycol ethers, tetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, formic and acetic acid.  The dyebaths and printing pastes may also contain usual additives such as alkylsulphonates, sodium acetate, urea and thickening agents such as oil-in-water emulsions, tragacanth, alginate and methyl cellulose.  The dyes may be applied by any usual means, e.g. padding and printing.  Examples p  of dyeing and printing cotton and rayon staple fabrics are given which dyed fabrics have improved wet and dry crease-resistance. Specifications 520,199, 811,221, 811,222, 827,568, 900,764, 908,301, 916,532, 917,764, 924,258 and U.S.A. Specifications 2,459,771 and 2,520,619 are referred to.