baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent NL-7903835-A (NL)
Title: Key code copying machine using magnetic elements - uses Hall generators between pairs of transistors forming part of differential amplifiers and LED signal elements
IPC: G06K7/08
Filed: 1979-05-15
Abstract: The electronic code reading machine esp. for machine tools, is designed for code cards using small magnets, and makes use of the Hall effect. A Hall generator (H1) is mounted between the base terminals of two transistors (T1, T2). These form one stage each of a differential amplifier, with transistors (T3, T4) connected in parallel, each of these latter transistors being in series with a rectifier diode (L1, L2). Two further transistors (T5, T6) are each connected in parallel with the differential amplifiers, and have a light emitting diode (L3, L4) in series, one with each, one diode being red for a north pole and green for a south pole. A similar circuit arrangement with a second Hall generator (H2) is connected in parallel.
Patent NL-8302614-A (NL)
Title: Preserving foodstuffs such as vegetables, fruit, etc. - by vacuum sealing in temp. resistant plastic film packs and cooking in the sealed state
IPC: B65D81/34
Filed: 1983-07-22
Abstract: Preserved food products consist of prepd. cooked foods heat to a temp. of 121 deg.C. Pref. the foods are packed in individual portions, esp. where the pack consists of a number of individual portions of different foods together constituting a complete meal, the individual portions being joined together in a unitary pack.
Patent NL-8402260-A (NL)
Title: Telephone selection tone detector circuit - uses filters and comparator to convert AF tones to signals suitable for microprocessor
IPC: H04M1/82
Filed: 1984-07-17
Abstract: The input from the telephone line is fed to a first operational amplifier which acts as a first order high pass frequency filter. The filtered signal is then fed to a second operational amplifier which acts as a second order low pass filter, the output of which is fed to an amplitude comparator. The reference voltage fed to the amplifiers and the comparator is produced by a fourth operational amplifier. The comparator output is fed to the control processor which is connected via data and address buses to a memory. The processor checks the period between the rise and fall edges of the signal to determine if the detected pulses are genuine selection signals.
Patent NL-8503310-A (NL)
Title: Electrolytic system to produce free ions in water or conducting liq. - for sterilisation, has electrodes of different materials with digital control of constant DC currents with variable-amplitude pulsations
IPC: C02F1/00
Filed: 1985-11-29
Abstract: The system is intended for introducing free ions into water or another conducting liq. by means of electrolysis using the principle of oligodynamics. It comprises an electronic digital control unit to apply an accurately pre-determined d.c. voltage with variable amplitudes to the electrodes (10) whilst maintaining constant currents whereby the said amplitudes pref. vary by at least 20% every 10 msec. The different electrodes (10.1, 10.2......10.n) (e.g. Cu and Ag) are pref. completely separately arranged within the liq. circuit and independently controlled.
Patent NL-8701712-A (NL)
Title: Bar shaped building construction element - has metal core and wooden casing to transmit axial forces
IPC: E04C3/292
Filed: 1987-07-20
Abstract: Construction element is e.g. used in joists or support beam constructions. Bar consists of metal core (1) and wood and multi-ply casing. Metal strip core protrudes at both ends of bar which is constructed of glued on wooden sections (2,3) and multiply sections (4). Holes are drilled in the protruding metal strip sections (1), enabling joining to further construction elements, using bolt and nut fastening.
Patent NL-8702951-A (NL)
Title: Spatially formed multilayer protective textile - comprises two adjacently connected segments sewn together corresp. to shape of protective element with seam near edge covered by woven strip
IPC: F41H1/08
Filed: 1987-12-08
Abstract: The method is for mfg. a spatially formed multi layer explosive shell protective textile in particular, as an inlay between the inner and outer shell of a helmet. Most of the layers comprise two adjacently connected textile segments and the segments are sewn together to form a spatial form, corresp. to the shape of the protectiveelement. The already formed layers are sewn together pref. by one or more stitched seams near the periphery of the edges near the protective element. Part of the seams or seam is /are laid along a segment connection line before sticking of the layers together, pref. at a distance from this line. A woven strip is joined and sewn around theedgeson both sides of the element.
Patent NL-8800364-A (NL)
Title: Cattle fodder dosage arrangement - includes supply funnel, operating spindle, brace and feed trough
IPC: A01K5/02
Filed: 1988-02-15
Abstract: A fodder dosage arrangement supplies small quantities into feed trough when cattle push a brace in the upwards direction. The fodder dosage mechanism includes a round spindle (7) with a recess (16) having a depth of 7mm. A brace (1) secured to the spindle is rotatable over an angle of max. 60 degrees. When the brace is moved upwards a small quantity of fodder drops from a supply funnel over a slide plate (9) onto the feed trough. Own weight of brace returns the arrangement into the stationary position after each dosage cycle.
Patent NL-9200616-A (NL)
Title: Compositions containing an aromatic polycarbonate, an ABS polymer and a polymer agent for modifying impact strength.
IPC: C08L73/00
Filed: 1992-04-02
Abstract: The invention relates to polymer mixtures which contain an aromatic polycarbonate and an ABS polymer. It has been found that the addition of certain polymer agents for improving the impact strength, namely ethene- (meth)acrylate-copolymers or ethene-carbon monoxide- (meth)acrylate terpolymer or ethene-carbon monoxide- vinylacetate terpolymer, leads to an improvement in the impact strength without any significant change in flow characteristics.
Patent NL-9201946-A (NL)
Title: Tandem in-line skate
IPC: A63C17/06
Filed: 1992-11-06
Abstract: In-line skate comprising a frame on which a skate boot is mounted and in which three or more wheels, which lie in a principal plane, are positioned in such a manner that they can rotate about an axle. Two wheels are mounted in an auxiliary frame in such a manner that they can rotate about a rotation axle, which auxiliary frame is attached to the main frame in such a manner that it can rotate about a tilting axle which runs parallel to the axles of the wheels. The frame preferably bears four wheels, which wheels are attached in pairs in an auxiliary frame in such a manner that they can rotate about a rotation axle, and each auxiliary frame is attached to the main frame in such a manner that it can rotate about a tilting axle.
Patent NL-9900020-A (NL)
Title: NMR, X=ray and ultrasonic diagnostic compsns.
IPC: C07F9/38
Filed: 2001-12-13
Abstract: Diagnostic compsns. contg. one or more complex salts (I) dissolved or suspended in an H2O-contg. medium are new, where (I) are salts of the anion of a complex-forming acid and one or more central ions of elements with atomic nos. of 21-29, 42, 44 or 57-83 and opt. one or more cations of inorganic and/or organic bases or amino acids. Complex salts of formula (Ia) are new (where X is COOY, PO3HY or CONHOY; A is CHR2CHR3, CH2CH2(ZCH2CH2)m, CH2CH(N(CH2X)2)CH2 or CH2CH2N(CH2CH2N(CH2X)2)CH2CH2; R1 is H or Me; R2 and R3 are H, lower alkyl, phenyl or benzyl, or R2+R3 is (CH2)3 or (CH2)4, or R2 is H and R3 is (CH2)p-C6H4-W-protein; p= 0 or 1; W is NH, NHCOCH2 or NHCS; m= 1-3; Z is O, S, NCH2X or NCH2CH2OR4; R4 is lower alkyl; V is as defined for X or is CH2OH, CONH(CH2)nX or COB, or V+V is (CH2)wN(CH2X)CH2CH2N(CH2X)(CH2)w when R1= R2= R3= H; B is a protein or lipid residue; n= 1-12; w= 1-3; with the proviso that there are 3-12 Y substituents, at least 2 being an equiv. of an ion of a metal with an atomic no. of 21-29, 32, 3 44 or 57-83 and at least one being a cation of an organic base or amino acid, any others being H or cations of an inorganic base). The compsns. may be used as NMR contrast agents for nuclear spin tomography, as X-ray contrast agents for radiography or as ultrasonic diagnostic agents.
Patent OA-10974-A (OA)
Title: Method for characterizing the coherence of an environment characteristic measurements
Inventor: THEVOUX-CHABUEL HUGUES
IPC: G01V11/00
Filed: 1999-02-12
Abstract: The invention concerns a method for characterising the coherence of an environment characteristic measurements, consisting in: taking N types of reference measurements in each observation (Xi) of a reference set; constituting at least a training set with N dimensions containing all said observations (Xi); taking at least N application measurements in each observation (Qi) of an application set; comparing each application observation (x) with all the observations (Xi). The invention is characterised in that it further consists in: constructing for each observation (Xi) a neighbouring domain (Di), said neighbouring domains constituting said training set and an acceptation class (Ca), and defining a degree of appurtenance of the application observations (x) to said acceptation class (Ca). The invention is particularly applicable to the identification of a lithologic facies in an oil field.
Patent OA-10989-A (OA)
Title: Method for detecting and/or determining characteristics related to remarkable points of an image
Inventor: KESKES NAAMEN
IPC: G01V1/30
Filed: 1999-03-05
Abstract: The invention concerns a method for detecting and/or determining characteristics related to remarkable points in an image, characterised in that it consists in evaluating the local dip variability of a first point in the image relative to at least another point located in the proximity of said first point, by computing the local anisotropy on said point gradient field, said anisotropy being dependent on terms related to a dispersion of orientations and to the module of gradient vectors, and at least one of said terms is weighted.
Patent PT-77039-A (PT)
Title: Process for the preparation of 5-o-mycaminesil tylonolide c-23 modified derivatives
Inventor: KIRST HERBERT ANDREW
IPC: C07H17/08
Filed: 1983-07-18
Abstract: C-23-Modified derivatives of 5-O-mycaminosyl-tylonolide (OMT) of the formula:   <IMAGE> 1  wherein R is chloro, fluoro, -S-R4, azido, -NHR5, pyridinium, or -OSO2CF3; R1 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C5-alkanoyl or optionally substituted benzoyl, phenylacetyl, phenylpropionyl, phenoxyacetyl or phenylthioacetyl; R2 and R3 are hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C5-alkanoyl or optionally substituted benzoyl, phenylacetyl or phenylpropionyl; R4 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6-alkyl, cyclohexyl, C1-C5 alkanoyl, optionally substituted phenyl or benzyl, or an optionally substituted heteroaryl group selected from imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, thienyl and furanyl; and R5 is hydrogen or an acyl group selected from optionally substituted C1-C5-alkanoyl, optionally substituted benzoyl, phenylacetyl, or phenylpropionyl or optionally substituted phenylglycyl or phenylalanyl; and of the formula:   <IMAGE> 2  wherein: R6 and R7 together form a CH2= group or R6 is R8O- and R7 is methyl; R8 is C1-C4-alkyl, benzyl or phenethyl; and R1, R2 and R3 are as defined in formula 1; and salts thereof are useful antibiotics or intermediates to antibiotics.
Patent PT-77584-A (PT)
Title: Process for preparing novel phenyl-substituted sulfonamides and of herbicide compositions containing the same
Inventor: PASTERIS ROBERT JAMES
IPC: C07D409/12
Filed: 1983-10-28
Abstract: Sulfonamide derivatives of the formula <CHEM> wherein J is phenyl fused to a specified carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, said phenyl and said ring both being optionally substituted;  R is H or CH3;  W is O or S;  A is substituted monocyclic or bicyclic heterocyclic group; and their agriculturally suitable salts, exhibit herbicidal and plant growth regulant activities. They may be formulated for agricultural use in conventional manner. The novel compounds may be made in various ways, e.g. by reacting a novel sulfonylisocyanate or sulfonylisothiocyanate of formula JSO2NCW with an appropriate heterocyclic amine of formula RHNA.
Patent PT-82483-A (PT)
IPC: F23D1/02
Filed: 1986-04-29
Abstract: In this combustion process a fluid fuel such as pulverized coal mixed with primary air is injected along an axis and secondary air is injected along a helical path around the axis. Tertiary air is injected around the combustible fluid and the secondary air in substantially the same direction as the combustible fluid, in a substantial circumferentially continuous coaxial ring which is laterally confined downstream of the injection point.
Patent PT-83035-A (PT)
Title: Compositions for sulfation analysis for desulfation cleaning of frescoed surfaces and removal by progressive disintegration of undesirable decorated layers on chalky plasters
IPC: C11D1/62
Filed: 1986-07-22
Abstract: Compositions for analytical measurement of sulfation intensity for its removal, for cleaning of protein material residues, specially materials for strengthening frescoed plaster coated surfaces, as well as for the removal by controlled disintegration of decorated layers from the surface of chalky plaster, comprising a mixture of an anion exchange material (e.g.: an anion exchange resin) with an ammonium carbonate aqueous solution.
Patent PT-85411-A (PT)
Title: 7-]]3-(aminomethyl)-3-alkyl"-1-pyrrolidinyl"-quinoline-carboxylic acids
Inventor: DOMAGALA JOHN MICHAEL
IPC: A61P35/00
Filed: 1987-07-27
Abstract: Novel, orally active antibacterial agents of formula I <CHEM> are described characterized as 7-[[3-(aminomethyl)-3-alkyl]-1-pyrrolidinyl]-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-ox o-3-quinol ine carboxylic acids or corresponding 1,8-naphthyridine derivatives as well as methods for their manufacture and pharmaceutical compositions containing them.
Patent PT-88145-A (PT)
IPC: A61K35/64
Filed: 1988-07-29
Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition contains, in a physiologically innocuous, antiseptic medium, at least one phlogistic agent, which may be cantharidin powder, Hahnemann's caustic, and/or iodine, in homeopathic doses, at least one agent which stimulates the eucaryotic cytoplasmic membranes and which may be a trace element and/or phosphorous, in homeopathic doses, and at least one agent which tans and inhibits viral cores and bacterial membranes, consisting of phenol.
Patent PT-97072-A (PT)
Inventor: HERTZSCH WINFRIEND
IPC: C07C69/63
Filed: 1991-03-19
Abstract: Compounds of the formula   <IMAGE> I  can advantageously be prepared by reacting compounds the formula II   <IMAGE> II  in which the substituents R1-R4 have the meanings given, with the anhydride of the formula III   <IMAGE> III  in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide and the acid corresponding to the anhydride of the formula III.
Patent SI-9400336-A (SI)
Title: Device for blocking and position controling of hand operated rail switches
Inventor: ROZAC VOJKO
IPC: B61L5/10
Filed: 1994-08-30
Abstract: The device for blocking and control of positions of manually-operated railway points ensures that the railway-point's blade (O) will stay in the prescribed position, using a pair of poles (5), with the blocking plug (4) between them; the prescribed position is also ensured in the case of failure of or damage to the locking mechanism (Z) and mechanism (M) for manual operation of the railway points, using a pair of a fixed boundary elements (6) and a pair of adjustable boundary elements (7). A pair of fixed contacts (9) and a pair of adjustable contacts (10) enable direct control of every blade (O) separately.
Patent SI-9700036-A (SI)
Title: Rearrangement of sump-water treatment circuit in renovating town rubbish dumps
Inventor: VRHOVSEK DANIJEL
IPC: C02F3/32
Filed: 1997-02-12
Abstract: In seemingly renovated town rubbish dumps covered with earth, partially depending on weather conditions and partially quite independent of them, occurs so-called sump-water. The presented invention is based on the problem of how to control, regardless of changeable weather conditions, the biological water treatment process and retain the sump-water within the water treatment process until sufficiently purified. According to the invention, in renovating town rubbish dumps, the sump water treatment circuit is designed so that the area (2) of the rubbish dump (1), which generally comprises the foot (11) and top area (12) is covered by a layer (3) planted with trees (5) where the dump (1) has drainage pipes (4, 4'), at least a part of them running from the top area (12) to the foot (11) of the dump (1) as well as with a return pipeline (8) running from the foot (11) to the top area (12) of the dump (1). It is desirable that the drainage pipes (4) in the area of the tampon layer (3) and the drainage pipes (4') placed below the area (2) of the rubbish at the foot (11) of the dump (1) are connected via a plant treatment plant (6) to the storage tank (7) which is through a return pipeline (8) consisting of a pump (10) connected to the retain pool (9) on the top area (12) of the dump (1) planted with trees (5).
Patent UA-19221-A (UA)
Title: Backpack aircraft of vertical takeoff and landing
Filed: 1989-11-14
Abstract: The invention relates to aviation equipment and can be used in the aircraft of vertical takeoff and landing of individual application. A carrier system of aircraft is made in the form of a combined wing, which each half wing is made in the form of a shaped channel wing with straight upper lifting surface. A power frame is made in the form of an easily streamlined cigar-shaped body, which supporting part is made in the form of a twin-finned empennage with aerodynamic controllers and landing shock absorbers.
Patent UA-12772-A (UA)
Title: Device for opening of bags with bulk material
Filed: 1990-11-11
Abstract: Device contains a mobile receiving tray secured on the drive mechanism connected with the engine, elements for retention of bag and bunker for removal of bulk material. Drive mechanism includes crank and hingedly attached rotary U-shaped frame, which consists of two, telescopically connected parts, elements for retention of bags are made in the form of pins longitudinally established on the fixed part of the frame, receiving tray is fixed on the moving element of the frame rigidly connected with the crank established so that in the end upper position its axis and axis of hinges of the frame coincide, in this case the device is equipped with a vibrator for transmitting to the frame of vibrating motion.
Patent AT-A15592000-A (AT)
IPC: C08F6/00
Filed: 2000-09-14
Abstract: The invention relates to a washing process for cleaning polymers containing N or amine, ammonium or spirobicyclic ammonium groups, comprising cationic groups containing N, in addition to suitable counterions, whereby the gelled-out polymers are obtained through polymerization and cross-linking by a) adding a base which is partially or fully deprotonated, b) the partially or fully deprotonated polymers are washed, then c) optionally, are reprotonated in an organic solvent or in an organic solvent/water mixture by adding an acid, whereupon d) optionally, they are washed in an organic solvent or an organic solvent/water mixture in order to shrink the gels and optionally, e) in connection with step c) or d), the steps a)-c) or -d) are repeated.
Patent AT-A15812003-A (AT)
IPC: E04D1/30
Filed: 2003-10-07
Abstract: The invention relates to a plain ridge tile (1) with a cover tongue (2) and a left or right ridge tongue (4) on a first tile longitudinal edge (3). On an upper side (10) of the cover tongue (2), in the region (22) of the first tile longitudinal side (3), or in the region (22) of the ridge tongue (4), a plane tile segment (11) projects over the upper side (10) of the cover tongue (2), whereby the plane tile segment (11) is embodied with a first segment lateral edge (18), arranged with a second tile parallel edge (7) opposite and facing the first tile longitudinal edge (3) and running parallel to said second longitudinal edge (7).
Patent BG-107403-A (BG)
Title: Colloidal silicate dispersion, method for its preparation and its use
Inventor: PERANDER MICHAEL
IPC: C01B33/14
Filed: 2002-12-18
Abstract: The present invention is directed to a colloidal aqueous silicate dispersion containing silica and alumina, the molar ratio between silica and alumina being 2 - 12, as well as to a method for its preparation. Said method is characterized by dissolving a particulate mineral material, such as mineral wool or fibre product containing silica and alumina in a molar ratio of 2 - 12 in an aqueous solution. nucleating and stabilizing the so obtained solution, and optionally adjusting the dry matter content of the dispersion so obtained. The said dispersion can also be made to gel. The invention is also directed to the use of the dispersion as a binder. 25 claims
Patent BG-113262-A (BG)
Title: Safety shield
Inventor: NENOV NIKOLAY
IPC: A42B3/18
Filed: 2020-11-10
Abstract: The safety shield finds application in activities where biological protection is necessary. It consists of a supporting frame (1), in the upper end of which a transparent shield (2) is mounted by means of an axle (3), on which are mounted seals (4), a non-return valve (7) and a dividing wall (5) with an elastic seal (6), the latter forming an eye isolation chamber (18). The transparent shield (2), the frame (1) and the removable filter (9) placed between the support nets (8) form a lower chamber (19). At the lower end of the support frame (1), a disinfectant tank (10) is mounted and support nets (8) are formed, between which the replaceable filter (9) is placed, which is connected to the tank (10) by a pipe (12) and a wick (11). The replaceable filter (9) consists of a porous layer (13) wrapped in a fabric (14). A head attachment device (15) is mounted on the frame (1). Along the support frame (1) are mounted clamping elements (16) to which an insulating veil (17) is clamped.
Patent CN-1265515-A (CN)
Title: 压力开关
Inventor: SANEYUKI KOGUCHI
IPC: H01H1/26
Filed: 2000-01-28
Abstract: 一种压力开关包括一配备有开关触点和工作轴接触部分的开关杆;和一由流体压力驱动的工作轴,以便关闭或打开所述开关触点,其中所述接触部分具有曲率半径在2.0mm至0.5mm范围内的球形表面。
Patent CN-1269354-A (CN)
Title: 再结晶1,3－二(氨基苯氧基苯)的方法
Inventor: SKEYI L J
IPC: C07C213/10
Filed: 2000-01-13
Abstract: 一种工业化规模制备纯度至少为99.5%的1,3－二(氨基苯氧基苯)(APB)的纯化方法,包括以下连续的步骤:(a)形成APB的二盐酸盐(下文称为APB－HCl),(b)用异丙醇再结晶APB－HCl,(c)将APB－HCl转化成游离APB。
Patent CN-1304594-A (CN)
Title: 在带有短同步信道的移动通信系统中实现越区切换的装置和方法
Inventor: SUNG-OH HWANG
IPC: H04B7/26
Filed: 2000-05-31
Abstract: 一种进行越区切换的方法,其中移动台从异步基站的当前小区漫游到同步基站的小区,该方法包括下列步骤:移动台在预定时间内从同步基站接收伪噪声(PN)偏移信号,该PN偏移信号指示同步基站的特定PN偏移值;移动台向异步基站报告PN偏移值;移动台从异步基站接收有关同步基站的系统信息;和移动台根据接收的系统信息进行到同步基站的小区的越区切换。
Patent CN-1370757-A (CN)
Title: 一种液态凝胶合成陶瓷粉体的方法
Inventor: XU RONGJIU
IPC: C04B35/624
Filed: 2001-02-22
Abstract: 本发明属于陶瓷材料技术领域,涉及陶瓷粉体制备工艺的改进。该方法将水溶性的有机单体和交联剂与要制备的粉体的原料混合,加入水后球磨混料,形成料浆,然后料浆在氧化还原体系引发剂的作用下在室温下凝胶,将湿凝胶块干燥后进行高温煅烧后即得到所需的陶瓷粉料。本发明工艺简单,成本低,操作简便,适用面广,环境污染小,所得粉体质量高,适用于工业化生产。
Patent CN-1383507-A (CN)
Title: 自动评价方法、自动评价系统及存储自动评价程序的存储媒体
Inventor: KAZUYOSHI TAKEDA
IPC: G06F11/36
Filed: 2001-06-14
Abstract: 通过使模拟器具有确定模拟结果、监视画面更新的一定的周期,并将其向自动评价装置通知的机制,实现可靠性高的自动评价。通过参照对任意的输入项目的模拟的结果、输出画面,自动评价在目标系统上动作的程序,模拟装置30进行程序产生的动作的模拟,监视反映该结果的输出画面的数据更新所确定的时间,自动评价装置11从模拟装置30获得输出画面的数据更新所确定的时间,根据该时间参照上述输出画面;通过将该参照结果与预先制作的参考数据进行比较,进行自动评价。
Patent CN-1408129-A (CN)
Title: 电池和电源装置的保养系统
Inventor: IICHIRO MORI
IPC: G01R31/36
Filed: 2001-03-01
Abstract: 便携式个人计算机(2)访问开设在因特网上的服务对应服务器(1)并向其发送来自电源监视部(4)的数据。服务对应服务器(1)将便携式个人确定计算机(2)的机种并将接收到的数据参照电源信息数据库(22)判定是否良好，在无异常的情况，发送表示该情况的回信，在有异常的情况下，以电子邮件发送异常处理信息。
Patent CN-1452697-A (CN)
Title: 电动油泵控制装置
Inventor: ATSUSHI TABATA
IPC: F04B49/02
Filed: 2001-09-04
Abstract: 一种电动油泵控制装置，通过抑制泵的劣化，能够延长用作主泵的辅助泵的电动油泵的使用寿命且能够避免其尺寸增大，其中，电动油泵(40)只在规定的容许操作时间内操作，使发动机(12)启动，以便由机械油泵(36)供给液压，因此，可以限制电动油泵(40)的连续操作时间，并通过抑制电动油泵(40)的劣化，可以提高其使用寿命以及避免其尺寸增大。