baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent RU-2049783-C1 (RU)
Title: Method of synthesis of quinoline carboxylic acid derivatives or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts
Inventor: ISHTVAN KHERMETS
IPC: A61K31/47
Filed: 1988-05-20
Granted: 1995-12-10
Abstract: FIELD: organic chemistry. SUBSTANCE: method of synthesis of derivatives of quinoline carboxylic acids of the formula (I) involves interaction of compound of the formula (II) with compound of the formula (III) and formed compound of the formula (IV) is hydrolyzed isolating the compound of the formula (I) as a free form or as a salt. Structures of the formulas (I), (II), (III) and (IV) with corresponding radicals were given in invention description. Method is used for synthesis of medicinal preparations. EFFECT: improved method of synthesis. 9 cl
Patent RU-2016469-C1 (RU)
Title: Synchronous single-phase reactive electric motor of inverted design
Inventor: KRASNOPEVTSEV ALEKSANDR I
IPC: H02K19/06
Filed: 1989-03-30
Granted: 1994-07-15
Abstract: FIELD: electrical engineering. SUBSTANCE: synchronous single-phase reactive electric motor has hollow serrated rotor and stator with pair of coils on cylindrical magnetic cores with lugs placed inside it. Lugs are connected in pairs to magnetic cores of different coils. Poles of magnetic cores of different coils are directed in antiparallel and are positioned with alternation over circumference. Relation of angular extent of teeth and tooth space amounts to 2:1. EFFECT: improved operational stability. 3 dwg
Patent RU-2015261-C1 (RU)
Inventor: BONDAR PAVEL I
IPC: E02F5/30
Filed: 1989-05-29
Granted: 1994-06-30
Abstract: FIELD: earth-moving machines for working frozen soils. SUBSTANCE: ripper has loosening noses 7. Nose 7 may be one- or two-tooth, or one-and two-tooth alternately installed. Nose 7 has flat upper working side 8 and flat lower working side 9, shackle-type tail 10 and supporting beam with inner wall whose height is equal to height of lug 3 located at angle relative to axial line of nose 7 equal to angle of twist of flexible member 5. Flexible member 5 with its one part is rigidly attached to longitudinal through hole 2 and attached to the other part of member 5 is nose 7. Height H of nose 7 is determined by relation given in invention description. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 6 dwg
Patent RU-2032335-C1 (RU)
Inventor: DROZDA VALENTIN FEDOROVICH
IPC: A01K67/00
Filed: 1989-04-19
Granted: 1995-04-10
Abstract: Использование: сельское хозяйство, биологическая защита растений. Сущность изобретения: интенсивное выращивание энтомофагов путем обработки яиц насекомых - хозяев и имаго энтомофагов биостимулятором - нативными или модифицированными предшественниками РНК, концентрация которого для яиц составляет 0,001 - 0,05%, имаго - 0,006 - 0,025%, и яйца обрабатывают в течение 30 - 60 мин в период первых двух дней развития яиц. 11 табл.
Patent RU-2017928-C1 (RU)
Title: Casing string for deep wells
Inventor: SHADRIN LEV N
IPC: E21B17/00
Filed: 1990-01-25
Granted: 1994-08-15
Abstract: FIELD: well drilling. SUBSTANCE: installed in hollow of casing string are long members of material having density lower than density of well fluid. Long members are joined in assembly on thread made on metal reinforcing end fittings attached to long members. Long member is locked relative to internal surface of casing with aid of joint unit containing drive shaft with nipple on upper end. Turning shaft clockwise results in moving of slips of long member out of ribs with their simultaneous locking. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 2 cl, 2 dwg
Patent RU-2037944-C1 (RU)
Title: Linear motor and positioning device incorporating at least one linear motor
Inventor: GERARD VAN ENGELEN
IPC: H02K41/035
Filed: 1990-10-02
Granted: 1995-06-19
Abstract: FIELD: optical masks using integrating boards. SUBSTANCE: linear motor has two motor blocks free to move relative to each other along motor center line; first block has coil base mounting set of coils; second block has magnet base mounting at least one pair of magnets which are spaced apart, as viewed along motor center line, to form air gap and designed for interaction with set of coils through air gap. Set of coils of first block incorporates three coils mounted in tandem along motor center line: two peripheral coils and one in the middle. Middle coil length equals at least distance between pair of magnets in second block and placed opposite to gap between magnets with motor blocks in relatively neutral position. EFFECT: improved design. 3 cl, 11 dwg
Patent RU-2099350-C1 (RU)
Title: Associates of the deprotonized hyaluronic acid, a method of their preparing, pharmaceutical composition containing associates of the deprotonized hyaluronic acid and a method of its preparing
Inventor: KALMAN BURGER
IPC: A61P17/02
Filed: 1990-02-20
Granted: 1997-12-20
Abstract: FIELD: pharmacy, cosmetics. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to associates of the deprotonized hyaluronic acid with zinc or cobalt ions. Method of their preparing involves interaction of zinc or cobalt halogenide an aqueous solution at equimole ratio of reagents followed by precipitation of an associate using alkanol or alkanone and separation of precipitate from solution. Pharmaceutical composition has an effective amount of associate of the deprotonized hyaluronic acid, pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and special additions. Pharmaceutical composition is prepared by its components mixing. EFFECT: improved method of preparing. 7 cl, 3 dwg , 5 tbl
Patent RU-2019641-C1 (RU)
Title: Device for monitoring fall of drain laid by excavator-drain layer
Inventor: YUSHKAUSKAS YUOZAS A
IPC: E02F5/12
Filed: 1990-07-10
Granted: 1994-09-15
Abstract: FIELD: monitoring fall of drain or ditch bottom. SUBSTANCE: gage finder includes stick freely moving in vertical plane. Attached to upper end of stick is tailpiece, and roller is attached to lower end of stick. Scale transmission mechanism operates independently and consists of driving wheel movably fitted on T-axle with weight. Drum with recorder strip is installed on cranked axle. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 2 cl, 3 dwg
Patent RU-2033826-C1 (RU)
Inventor: GRISHIN ANATOLIJ M
IPC: A62C3/02
Filed: 1990-07-20
Granted: 1995-04-30
Abstract: FIELD: fire-fighting. SUBSTANCE: deflector screen in the form of two-sided angle accommodating cord-shaped explosive charge reflects the shock wave. EFFECT: improved design. 3 dwg
Patent RU-2014484-C1 (RU)
Title: Hydrocyclic motor
Inventor: PETROSYAN ADOLF O
IPC: F03B17/06
Filed: 1990-09-21
Granted: 1994-06-15
Abstract: FIELD: mechanical engineering. SUBSTANCE: working member is mounted between inlet and outlet chambers of the housing and is made in form of wing of unsymmetrical aerofoil profile with rudder. Mounted inside the housing are movable and stationary axles. Stationary axle is mounted inside movable one. Axles are connected by means of spur gears: one gear is secured on stationary axle and other two gears are secured on the movable axle. Spring-loaded rod is linked with pusher. Rudder is secured on rod. EFFECT: enhanced reliability. 13 dwg
Patent RU-2026407-C1 (RU)
Title: High-strength steel
Inventor: SMIRNOV LEONID A
IPC: C22C35/00
Filed: 1991-01-09
Granted: 1995-01-09
Abstract: FIELD: metallurgy. SUBSTANCE: steel has, wt.-%: carbon 0.3-0.4; silicon 0.17-0.37; manganese 0.3-0.6; chrome 1.5-2.5; vanadium 0.06-0.15; nitrogen 0.01-0.04; aluminium 0.02-0.04; calcium 0.005-0.001; barium 0.001-0.01; strontium 0.001-0.01, and iron - the rest. Steel is used for equipment making used in the oil industry. EFFECT: enhanced quality of steel. 1 tbl
Patent RU-2006467-C1 (RU)
Inventor: SHUBINOK ALEKSANDR V
IPC: C01G3/02
Filed: 1991-01-02
Granted: 1994-01-30
Abstract: FIELD: inorganic chemistry. SUBSTANCE: copper hydroxide is made by hydrolytic decomposition of copper arsenates with alkaline solutions at 0-50 C following by separation of copper hydroxide. Copper arsenates are used as products of arsenic-containing effluences reprocessing in copper production. Anionized effluences of copper-molybdenum concentration plant are used as a source of alkaline solutions. EFFECT: improved method of copper hydroxide production. 3 cl, 3 tbl
Patent RU-2012360-C1 (RU)
Title: Ultrasonic inhaler
Inventor: YATSENKO IGOR A
IPC: A61M11/00
Filed: 1991-02-22
Granted: 1994-05-15
Abstract: FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: acoustic line, piezoelectric generator, metal circular strap, using for reflecting sonic wave, and reservoir are mounted in alignment in the case. Ultrasonic oscillations piezoelectric generator is connected to electric oscillations generator through electric wire. Acoustic line is made of metal in form of injector, it has aligned through channel; cross-section of the injector reduces exponentially to the direction of aerosol output. Land surface is made onto external cylindric surface of acoustic line for mounting strap and piezoelectric generator. Strap is made circular; its height is multiple to quarter of wavelength. Height of acoustic line is multiple to half wave. EFFECT: improved efficiency of cure. 1 dwg
Patent RU-2028296-C1 (RU)
Title: 1,3-bis-(isobutylthioethyl)-5-hydroxy-6-methyluracil showing immunotropic activity
Inventor: KRIVONOGOV VIKTOR P
IPC: A61K31/513
Filed: 1991-03-11
Granted: 1995-02-09
Abstract: FIELD: organic chemistry. SUBSTANCE: product - 1,3-bis-(3-isobutylthioethyl)-5-hydroxy-6-methyluracil, empirical formula is C 17 H 30 N 2 O 3 S 2 , yield is 44.2%. Reagent 1: 5-hydroxy-6-methyluracil. Reagent 2: β-chloroethylisobutylsulfide. Reaction conditions: in aqueous-spirituous solution, in the presence of alkali, at heating. Synthesized compound is used in medicine. EFFECT: improved method of synthesis. 3 tbl
Patent RU-2015083-C1 (RU)
Title: Method for binding a pack of articles with a flexible band
Inventor: GONCHAR ALEKSEJ A
IPC: B65D63/16
Filed: 1991-04-22
Granted: 1994-06-30
Abstract: FIELD: binding technique. SUBSTANCE: method for binding a pack of articles with a flexible band includes steps of wrapping the flexible band on the pack; inserting the band into a lock having windows and lintels; bond tension by means of turning and fixing the lock. By wrapping, a flexible band end is inserted in the lock and bent around an lintel. Then the band (which is rolled) is drawn through the lock; the same end is inserted under the band on the opposite side of the pack, bent around the same lintel and extended beyond the lock edge. Before the tension, the end coiling of the roll is pulled and cut. EFFECT: improved binding technique. 7 dwg
Patent RU-2050421-C1 (RU)
Title: Device for application of volatile corrosion inhibitor to vessel inner surface
Inventor: BYACHKOV ARKADIJ I
IPC: C23F11/00
Filed: 1991-06-13
Granted: 1995-12-20
Abstract: FIELD: liquid product storages. SUBSTANCE: device for application of volatile corrosion inhibitor to vessel inner surface has vessel filled with inhibitor and mounted on supports and auxiliary vessel with hinges and float. Supports are secured to axle of rotation, and the axle is fastened with suspensions. Fastened to suspensions are also turning limiters. Auxiliary vessel with float has mass center located below the rotation axle. Mass center is displaced towards float. EFFECT: higher operate reliability of device with simultaneous simplified design and reduced specific consumption of materials. 3 dwg
Patent RU-2027629-C1 (RU)
Title: Motorcycle
Inventor: ZHUKOV VLADIMIR ILICH
IPC: B62K11/04
Filed: 1991-06-14
Granted: 1995-01-27
Abstract: FIELD: automotive vehicles; motorcycles. SUBSTANCE: motorcycle has frame with wheels, seat and engine unit secured on horizontal axle arranged in lower part of frame across the frame and installed for turning around axle. Upper parts of engine unit are secured to front and rear parts of frame by means of horizontally installed shock absorbers. EFFECT: enlarged operating capabilities. 1 dwg
Patent RU-2017685-C1 (RU)
Inventor: SYCHEV VALERIJ YA
IPC: B66B15/00
Filed: 1991-06-24
Granted: 1994-08-15
Abstract: FIELD: materials handling. SUBSTANCE: framework guides support carriages 32-34 interconnected by one axle for movement in horizontal plane. Provision is made for system of tackle blocks 46 with reduction gears, which connect carriages with lifting mechanism. Device has additional framework mounted perpendicularly to main framework. EFFECT: improved efficiency and convenience of operation. 3 dwg
Patent RU-2043960-C1 (RU)
Title: Container for cooling units of compression household refrigerators
Inventor: NEKRASOV ANATOLIJ F
IPC: B65D85/64
Filed: 1991-07-29
Granted: 1995-09-20
Abstract: FIELD: refrigerating facilities. SUBSTANCE: versatility of container is provided owing to use of compressor mount furnished with pair of bow-shaped brackets intended for holding cylindrical compressors, and use of compressor installation platform with mounting pads arranged on bow-shaped brackets and hinge-coupled with brackets for vertical arrangement if cylindrical compressors are installed in arc-shaped brackets. EFFECT: enlarged applicability of container. 2 cl, 5 dwg
Patent RU-2035143-C1 (RU)
Inventor: NOBUYUKI SAKASITA
IPC: A01N33/12
Filed: 1991-09-12
Granted: 1995-05-20
Abstract: Использование: сельское хозяйство, химические средства защиты растений. Сущность изобретения: гербицидная синергетическая композиция содержит в качестве активных ингредиентов изопропиламиновую или триметилсульфониевую соль N-фосфонометилглицина и 1-(4,6- диметоксипиримидин-2-ил)-3- (3-трифторметил-2-пиридилсульфонил) мочевину при массовом соотношении 2,5-40:1. 1 ил., 6 табл.
Patent RU-2033172-C1 (RU)
Title: Method for treating gastroenteritis in piglets
Inventor: POLISHCHUK LYUDMILA YAKOVLEVNA
IPC: A61K35/60
Filed: 1991-09-03
Granted: 1995-04-20
Abstract: FIELD: veterinary science. SUBSTANCE: tanibel medicament is used at the rate of 25-30 mg per 1 kg of body weight. Medicament is based on natural fish protein (no chemical agents are used). EFFECT: shorter time of treatment , lower morbidity and lower losses of weight, cheapness of medicament. 1 tbl
Patent RU-2051345-C1 (RU)
Inventor: KOROBKO VIKTOR IVANOVICH
IPC: G01L5/04
Filed: 1991-11-12
Granted: 1995-12-27
Abstract: FIELD: non-destructive methods of testing. SUBSTANCE: ends of construction are fixed at supports. Additional intermediate support is placed between end supports and fixed at preset positions in order to determine logarithmic decay decrement. Defect point is determined according to position of intermediate support, at which dynamic parameters of constructions(tested and standard ones) are practically equal one to the other. EFFECT: improved accuracy. 2 dwg, I tbl
Patent RU-2025879-C1 (RU)
Inventor: PUZAKOV ALEKSANDR V
IPC: H02M1/08
Filed: 1991-12-04
Granted: 1994-12-30
Abstract: Использовано: в преобразовательной технике при широтно-импульсных методах регулирования. Сущность изобретения: для повышения качества выходного напряжения инвертора путем улучшения его спектрального состава при формировании комбинированной однополярно-двухполярной широтно-импульсной модуляции переход от однополярного к двухполярному режимам осуществляется контролем мгновенного значения модулирующего напряжения. При этом переход от однополярного режима к двухполярному осуществляется при значении модулирующего напряжения 0,2-0,5 максимального значения. 1 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил.
Patent RU-2065353-C1 (RU)
Title: Impact-action screw driver
Inventor: IVANISHCHEV ALEKSANDR I
IPC: B25B19/00
Filed: 1991-11-25
Granted: 1996-08-20
Abstract: FIELD: hand tool intended for fitter's work at dismantling of difficult-to-unscrew threaded fastening members. SUBSTANCE: functioning of the screw driver is based on impact-turning action on the screw driver blade and creation of torque sufficient to shift the fastening member in the thread. The impact- action screw driver represents a spring-loaded rod mounted in the casing; in the lower part the rod is connected to replaceable blade and in the upper part - to detachable striker. The screw driver casing has helical ducts with a helix angle of 60 to 70 per cent, closed with a safety bush. The blade attachment assembly is mounted in the lower end of the safety bush installed inside the casing. The safety bush may be made in the form of a polyhedral prism. EFFECT: enhanced convenience in use. 3 dwg
Patent RU-2049703-C1 (RU)
Title: Reservoir draining mechanism
Inventor: SINITSIN YURIJ M
IPC: B65D47/24
Filed: 1992-01-20
Granted: 1995-12-10
Abstract: FIELD: transport; servicing of vehicles. SUBSTANCE: plug 5 is turned out of threaded seat 2. Seal 9 recedes from hole 3, thus opening the hole, and liquid from reservoir 1 is drained through holes 3,8 and drain channel 6. EFFECT: facilitated draining of liquids. 3 dwg
Patent RU-2036873-C1 (RU)
Inventor: MAJKO VLADIMIR P
IPC: C04B18/26
Filed: 1991-11-11
Granted: 1995-06-09
Abstract: FIELD: manufacture of building materials. SUBSTANCE: molding material for manufacture of wood building material contains, mas.%: absolute dry hogged wood 32-52; nepheline cement 24-39; calcium chloride 8-15; the balance, water. Molding material is produced by mixing components. Products manufactured from the molding material at pressure of 100 kgf/sq. cm and hardening at 180-200 C is characterized by compression strength in 30 min of 4.1-7.3 MPa; in 60 min of 5.7-8.4 MPa; in 24 h of 8.7-14.9 MPa; stability in water 0.78-0.98. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 1 tbl
Patent RU-2062385-C1 (RU)
Title: Corrugated pipe
Inventor: VAKHITOV ANGAM M
IPC: F16L11/16
Filed: 1992-02-20
Granted: 1996-06-20
Abstract: FIELD: mechanical engineering. SUBSTANCE: pipe is made by wounding a strip with corrugation made up as a hollow angle profile provided along the whole its length. EFFECT: improved design. 1 dwg
Patent RU-2014387-C1 (RU)
Inventor: ISAEV VENIAMIN I
IPC: E02D5/38
Filed: 1992-01-03
Granted: 1994-06-15
Abstract: Использование: для сооружения фундаментов из набивных свай. Сущность изобретения: бетонную смесь добавляют до уровня загрузочного окна, затем перекрывают обсадную трубу в уровне загрузочного окна заглушкой, осуществляют осаживание обсадной трубой до образования уширенной пяты в нижней части скважины, после чего производят виброизвлечение обсадной трубы, при этом заглушка выполнена в виде диска, закрепленного на горизонтальной оси с возможностью поворота на 180°, на оси диска на наружной стороне трубы установлен шкив, а на внутренних стенках трубы смонтированы фиксаторы диска в горизонтальной плоскости. 2 с.п. ф-лы, 6 ил.
Patent RU-2057590-C1 (RU)
Title: Установка для диспергирования
Inventor: SHULYAK VIKTOR ANATOLEVICH
IPC: B02C19/22
Filed: 1992-03-31
Granted: 1996-04-10
Abstract: Использование: для тонкого измельчения. Сущность: установка содержит корпус, загрузочное и разгрузочное приспособления, рабочий орган в виде винтовых спиралей, опорный элемент, привод. Одни концы спиралей размещены на опорном элементе по концентрическим окружностям. Она снабжена приводной планшайбой, установленной с возможностью качательного движения. Другие концы спиралей размещены по концентрическим окружностям на планшайбе. 8 з. п. ф-лы, 5 ил.
Patent RU-2051891-C1 (RU)
Inventor: AVETYAN MIKHAIL G
IPC: C07C17/02
Filed: 1991-12-16
Granted: 1996-01-10
Abstract: FIELD: a solvent. SUBSTANCE: preparation of dichloroethane is carried out by chlorination of ethylene with an excess of 5 to 40 molar % of the latter. The content of dichloroethane in the reaction mixture is maintained at 35.0-99.6 wt % at a temperature of from 85 to 105 C in the reactor vat, the pressure of the top of the column integral with the reactor varies from 0.1 to 0.155 MPa, and the abgases withdrawn from the column top are additionally chlorinated at 30 to 110 C in liquid dichloroethane containing dissolved ferric chloride so that the ratio the unreacted ethylene and chlorine contained in the abgases may be close to 1:1. The dichloroethane thus formed is fed to the reactor and/or to the rectification column integral with said reactor and on the column where low-boiling materials are recovered, dichloroethane is purified of low-boiling impurities and simultaneously form high-boiling impurites, for which purpose the low- boiling fraction in the column where low-boiling materials are recovered is fed for treatment. The dichloroethane rectificate is withdrawn from the intermediate plate and is directed to the reactor for replenishing the reaction mixture, whereas the bottoms stream is directed for purification to a vacuum column where high-boiling impurities are recovered. EFFECT: more efficient preparation process. 1 tbl, 1 dwg
Patent RU-2001750-C1 (RU)
Inventor: ZHURAVLEV ANATOLIJ P
IPC: B27N3/04
Filed: 1992-04-16
Granted: 1993-10-30
Abstract: Использование: в деревообрабатывающей и  целлюлозно-бумажной промышленности при изготовлении  м гких древесно-вопокнистых плит. Сущность изобретени : способ изготовлени  дре-  весно-волокнистых плит, включающий подготовку  древесной массы путем ее обработки св зующим -  сапропелем, отлив ковра, прессование и термическую  обработку плит. В ее состав дополнительно  ввод т макулатуру или скоп при следующем соотношении  компонентов, мас.%, древесные частицы:  макулатура или скоп: св зующее - сапропель (55 -  79): (1 - 30). (1 - 20). 2 табл.
Patent RU-2012288-C1 (RU)
Title: Supporting belt
Inventor: BEJTUGANOV MUSTAFAR G
IPC: A61F5/02
Filed: 1992-05-22
Granted: 1994-05-15
Abstract: FIELD: medicine, particularly, traumatology and orthopedics. SUBSTANCE: supporting belt consists of main body with widened spinal portion, stiffening member, pads, working members and members of adhesion at ends of main body. Stiffening member is disposed on external surface of main body. Pads are positioned on both sides of widened spinal portion. Working member is fur patch, length of nap ranging from 0.2 to 40 mm. Ratio of width of stiffening member to that spinal portion of main body is 0.625 to 0.833 and ratio of width of spinal portion to its length is 0.2 to 0.24. Pads are made of either thin leather or hygienic fabric. EFFECT: greater comfort and effectiveness. 5 cl, 2 dwg
Patent RU-2044330-C1 (RU)
Title: Multichannel analog-to-digital converter for seismic investigations by using delta modulation
Inventor: SENIN LEV N
IPC: G01V1/24
Filed: 1992-05-12
Granted: 1995-09-20
Abstract: FIELD: seismic investigation apparatuses. SUBSTANCE: analog-to-digital converter has input channel switch, subtracter, gated comparator, similar-type analog storage and retrieval devices, as many as number of channels, decoder, clock generator, and flip-flop; each storage and retrieval device is handled delta modulator integrator for respective input analog data channel. EFFECT: improved design. 2 dwg
Patent RU-2050584-C1 (RU)
Inventor: KURNOSENKO SERGEJ VASILEVICH
IPC: G06F7/49
Filed: 1992-04-29
Granted: 1995-12-20
Abstract: FIELD: computer engineering. SUBSTANCE: device has modulo-three adder and fourteen logical gates. Each logical gate has four-input single-bit adder and OR gate. Operation is determined by corresponding commutation of high and low bits of operands at device inputs. EFFECT: increased functional capabilities. 2 dwg, 2 tbl
Patent RU-2048713-C1 (RU)
Title: Способ защиты склонов от эрозии
Inventor: KONONOV VIKTOR M
IPC: A01B13/16
Filed: 1992-04-22
Granted: 1995-11-27
Abstract: Изобретение относится к сельскому хозяйству, в частности к способам защиты склонов от эрозии. Цель изобретения уменьшение эрозии почв и увеличение влагообеспеченности сельскохозяйственных культур путем перераспределения поверхностного стока в подпочвенный. На склонах по горизонталям пахотного слоя создают сплошной слой каменноугольной золы с одновременной поделкой глубже него борозд и заполнением их каменноугольной золой, а затем по горизонталям местности на расстоянии, кратном ширине захвата сельскохозяйственной техники, создают траншеи с валом и заполняют их органическим материалом. Водозадерживающие валы залужают и в последующем не обрабатывают. 2 з. п. ф-лы, 1 ил.