Patent GB-1332059-A (GB)
Title: Metal arc welding processes
IPC: B23K9/30
Filed: 1971-08-20
Abstract: 1332059 Welding by fusion WELDING INSTITUTE 17 Aug 1972 [20 Aug 1971 39220/71 Heading B3R [Also in Divisions F2 G1 G3 and H2]  In consumable electrode arc welding, cyclic arc oscillation transverse of and/or along a weld line and periodic electrode/workpiece metal transfer are phase-correlated. Arc oscillation may be effected by electrode oscillation and/or magnetic arc deflection. Periodic metal transfer may be effected by current pulsing (for spray transfer) and/or axial oscillation of the electrode (for dip transfer). The method of the invention is described in respect of gas-shielded arc welding. In one example when argon-shielded spray transfer welding with a commercially pure aluminium electrode, current pulses give 50 drops per second and the electrode is transversely oscillated at 12¢ cycles per second. In Fig. 1, wherein current pulses and electrode oscillation are synchronized with mains frequency, electrode wire from a storage reel 11 is fed to a gun 13 by a multi-roll wire feed device 12 driven by a variable electric motor 15. A workpiece support 17 is traversed by a variable speed motor 20. The electrode is transversely oscillated by a cam and crank mechanism 22, 23 driven by a synchronous motor 24 locked to mains frequency using a phase control unit 26. The latter may include a phase comparator which compares pulses derived from a photochopper disc 25 on the motor shaft with A.C. mains derived pulses, and gates a low frequency multivibrator to control a motor supply triac. Background and heavy current power sources P1, P2 respectively maintaining the arc and supplying current pulses are locked to mains frequency. In Fig. 2, the gun 13 is transversely oscillated by a cam and crank mechanism 22, 23 driven by a variable speed motor 32 which also drives a photo-chopper disc 33 which feeds signals to a phasing unit 45 chopping D.C. output from P2 into arc supply pulses. Heat penetration may be controlled by variation of pulse mark-space ratio. Arc power input, pulse repeat frequency, pulse mark-space ratio and electrode oscillation frequency are determined by a selected programme in turn controlled by the welder or by signals from a transducer array 34 (e.g. infra-red cells) detecting heat penetration on each side of the joint. The signals from the array 34 are fed via a phase-unit-connected gate 35 and an amplifier 36 to a comparator and selector unit 31 for selection, from a programme bank 30, of a higher or lower heat input to the appropriate side of the joint. In addition, or alternatively, a joint position transducer 38 may be attached to the electrode oscillation linkage to detect the edges of the joint and width of the gap. Signals from the transducer 38 are fed via an amplifier 39 to a timer scaler unit 40 which compares transducer and phasing unit pulses to produce a joint position analogue voltage. The latter is fed to a delay 41 which delays feeding of a welding pulse so that metal is only transferred when the electrode is correctly positioned. The unit 31 may also select (e.g. in response to the transducer 38) different programmes from the bank 30 to vary the speed of the workpiece traversed motor 20 to compensate for a non- uniform joint gap.  Axial oscillation of the electrode may be achieved by varying wire feed rate, e.g. by driving the wire by an electrode/workpiece voltage controlled circuit or by temporarily declutching the wire feed drive using an electrostatic clutch. In Fig. 3, both axial and transverse oscillations are produced by a single variable speed oscillation motor 32. The latter transversely oscillates, via a spring-returned cam and crank mechanism 22, 23, a welding gun support 52 pivotally carrying a rocking link 55. One end of said link carries an end of a wire conduit 50 and the other end carries a follower 54 engaging a fixed, electrode axial oscillation, profile cam 53.