Patent GB-874708-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electromagnetic navigation systems
IPC: G01S13/60
Filed: 1958-07-07
Abstract: 874,708. Doppler radar. COMPAGNIE GENERAL DE TELEGRAPHIE SANS FIL. July 7, 1958 [July 12, 1957], No. 21741/58. Class 40(7) In an airborne Doppler pulse radar for determining the ground speed v and drift angle # of the aircraft and comprising a coherent detector giving a video pulse output amplitude modulated at the Doppler frequency, filter means are provided to select a predetermined Doppler frequency and the filter is gated to pass only signals derived from echoes produced by points on the ground  located at a plan distance h cot # from the point  directly beneath the aircraft such that the angle  between the ground and the direction of wave incident on said reflection points is a predetermined angle #, h being the altitude of the air craft; the locus of such points is a circle w, Fig. 4 The locus of points on the ground producing the  predetermined Doppler frequency is a hyperbola  symmetrical with respect to the ground track O x  of the aircraft and two such hyperbolae A10 A20 and A1, A2 corresponding to different  aircraft velocities v o  and v = v o +#v are shown  in Fig. 4. Hence the selected signals will be produced by reflection at the points of intersection of the hyperbolae and the circle w and it  is shown that #α = K1 #v/vo where #α is the angle A1, 0, A10. The angles #α and n are determined by using two pairs of equally  spaced aerials 38, 39 and 310, 311, Fig. 5 mounted symmetrically with respect to the  longitudinal axis 314 of the aircraft (shown in  Fig. 4 as OE) such that in the absence of drift the perpendicular bisectors 312, 313 of the aerial base lines 38, 39 and 310, 311 would be in the directions OA1 and OA2, Fig. 4. If #1 is the phase difference between the signals received at  aerials 38 and 39 from the point A1 and #2 is the phase difference between the signals received  at the aerials 310 and 311 from the point A2 it is  shown that #1 - #2=K2#α=Kj #v/vc and #1+#2=K4n As shown in Fig. 5 an output from a stable oscillator 34 is pulse modulated in transmitter 31 and applied to the transmitting aerial 33. The pairs of receiving aerials 38, 39 and 310, 311 are connected sequentially by means of a switch 37 to amplifiers 315, 316 whose outputs are applied to coherent detectors 317, 318 together with further outputs from the stable oscillator 34 and the outputs from the detectors 317, 318 are applied through amplifiers 323, 324 and the combined Doppler-frequency-selection and gating circuits 319, 320 to a phasemeter 325 giving an output current 1, Fig. 8, which varies in amplitude in synchronism with the switch between the levels il and i2 such that the mean amplitude i1 + i2 is proportional to the drift angle n 2 and the amplitude (i1 - i2) of the fluctuating component is proportional to #v/vo . The delay of the gating pulses in the selectors 319, 320 is controlled by a voltage of amplitude proportional to h/sin # which is produced, Fig. 6 (not shown), by differentiating an amplified output from the detector 317 to give a pulse, Fig. 7 (not shown), of delay time proportional to h and deriving therefrom a voltage of amplitude proportional to h which is applied to a resistance network giving the required voltage h sin T In order to reduce interference between the signals received from opposite sides of the ground track, the aerials 38, 39 and 310, 311 are preferably directional in the directions 312 and 313 respectively. In a modification (not shown) the receiving aerials 38, 39 and 310, 311 are connected continuously to four separate channels which are connected in pairs to two separate phasemeters.