baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1164765-A (GB)
Title: Alkylation Method
IPC: C08F4/58
Filed: 1968-03-08
Abstract: 1,164,765. Alkylation. GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER CO. 8 March, 1968 [10 April, 1967], No. 11388/68. Heading C5E. Aromatic hydrocarbons containing one or more benzene nuclei are alkylated by admixture with a catalyst comprising at least one alkyl aluminium dihalide (which may be produced in situ) in admixture with a tungsten hexahalide and subsequent addition thereto of an olefin. Suitable aromatics, which also serve as solvents, are benzene, toluene, the xylenes, mesitylene, naphthalene and phenanthrene. Suitable olefins are C 1-20  terminal or non-terminal olefins. The example describes the alkylation of toluene with 2-pentene to give a mixture of mono- and di-pentyl toluenes.
Patent GB-119642-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to Centrifugal Separators.
Inventor: WARD KARL
IPC: B04B5/12
Filed: 1918-07-11
Abstract: 119,642. Ward, K., and Ward, A. July 11,1918. Density separators.-In apparatus of the type in which a system of rotating channels inclined to the axis of rotation is surrounded by a closed stationary container for a fluid which, by its pressure, prevents the fluid to be separated and the lighter particles from passing outwardly, the heavier particles being accumulated in said container, the inlet to the separating channels is situated between the inner and outer ends thereof. Fig. 1 shows a setion of an apparatus to which liquid is introduced through the hollow shaft 19 and passage 18 to longitudinal gutters 77 disposed at intervals round the rotor 5 which carries conical separator plates 73 which extend inwardly and outwardly from the gutters 77. In this apparatus, coarse particles are separated; by means of rings 74 with intermediate openings 75. The separated fluid passes inwardly along the plates 73 to the chamber 9 and the exit shaft 20. In a modified construction, the shaft is solid and the inlet and outlet are formed as annular openings in the end casings. In a further modification, the inlet chamber has radial hollow conduits terminating midway of the separator plates.
Patent GB-459099-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in apparatus for charging furnaces
IPC: F27D3/18
Filed: 1936-04-21
Abstract: 459,099. Skips. DEMAG-ELEKTROSTAHL GES., 24, Werthauserstrasse, Duisburg, Germany. April 21, 1936, No. 11426. Convention date, July 13, 1935. Addition to 410,646. [Class 78 (iv)] [See also Group XII] In a furnace-charging skip described in the parent Specification each of the members constituting the bottom 3 is formed of separate elements hingedly connected together. In the form shown in Fig. 3, the bottom consists of triangular elements each comprising separate sections 6 hinged together at 5, while Fig. 5 shows a modification in which the bottom is constituted by chains 8.
Patent GB-711312-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in a process and apparatus for carbon black manufacture
IPC: C09C1/50
Filed: 1952-05-06
Abstract: <PICT:0711312/III/1> <PICT:0711312/III/2> <PICT:0711312/III/3> An apparatus for making carbon black has an elongated heat insulated reaction chamber, means at one end to blast a hot turbulent stream of gases through the chamber and means positioned intermediate the ends of the chamber, for injecting hydrocarbon comprising ports extending through the chamber wall and a tube of small diameter extending co-axially through each port and terminating about flush with the inner wall of the chamber, the dimension of the tube perpendicular to the direction of the longitudinal axis of the chamber being substantially increased to not exceeding the diameter of the port at the inner end thereof and the inner end being closed by spray head having orifices spaced in the direction of the increased dimension, opening into the chamber.  Hot combustion gases enter furnace 1 of rectangular cross section from blast burner 8.  Preheated make such as enriched natural gas, with or without steam, passes from manifolds 21 through injection tubes 23 situated in a plurlity of ports 22 uniformly spaced over the height of each side of the furnace. Unions 24 facilitate replacement and cleaning.  The vertical dimension of each of tube 23 is increased at the inner end to the height of the port 22, Figs. 4, 5, and the end is closed by spray head 26 1/4 -\ba1/2 in. thick with orifices 27, 7/32 -\ba1/4 in. diameter, and 5/16 -\ba1/2 in. between centres, which are so directed that the extended longitudinal axis of an end orifice in one spray head intersects the extended longitudinal axis of the closest end orifice in the next adjacent spray head in the vertical plane through the chamber axis (see Fig. 3 not shown).  The tube 23, say 3/8 in. diameter is centred in port 22, say 2 in. diameter, by refractory plug 28 sealed with cement 29 and the annular space between port 22 and tube 23 prevents overheating of the make.  The furnace may be cylindrical with radial injection of make.  Specification 654,865 is referred to.
Patent GB-771581-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the production of oil-soluble petroleum sulphonic acids
IPC: C07C309/62
Filed: 1955-04-20
Abstract: Oil-soluble petroleum sulphonic acids are produced by treating a hydrocarbon oil fraction with concentrated sulphuric acid in such an amount and of such concentration as to remove therefrom substantially only those hydrocarbons which, upon sulphation, yield water-soluble sulphonic acids, prior to the sulphonation of the hydrocarbon fraction with fuming sulphuric acid or sulphur trioxide.  The amount of sulphuric acid used in the pre-treatment may be in the range of 45 to 55 per cent by weight of the hydrocarbon oil fraction, and may have a strength of 90 to 100 per cent, preferably 98 per cent, by weight.  The hydrocarbon fraction may have a viscosity of 20 to 100 cs. at 60 DEG  C. and the treatment is preferably effected at 10 DEG to 35 DEG  C.  The sulphonation may be effected by dissolving the oil in liquid sulphur dioxide and treating the solution with oleum at - 10 DEG  C.  When sulphur trioxide is used for sulphonation a temperature of 20-50 DEG  C. is suitable.  It is possible to use solvent refining (e.g. with liquid sulphur dioxide) as a pre-treatment in conjunction with the sulphuric acid treatment but lower yields of oil-soluble sulphonic acids result.  The starting material may be a distillate from a waxfree crude oil.  When using a wax-bearing crude and sulphonating with oleum at low temperature it is necessary to de-wax prior to the pretreatment.  In examples: (1) a light engine distillate, from a wax-free crude, is treated at 20-50 DEG  C. with 45 per cent by weight of 98 per cent sulphonic acid and, after settling off the acid sludge, the treated oil is dissolved in sulphur dioxide at - 10 DEG  C. and treated with oleum; after removal of sulphur dioxide and spent sulphuric acid the sulphonation product is neutralized with aqueous caustic soda to yield a sodium sulphonate; (2) the distillate, pretreated as in (1) is sulphonated at 20 DEG  C. with a sulphur trioxide/air mixture, then neutralized with caustic soda to give a sodium sulphonate. U.S.A. Specification 2,680,716 is referred to.
Patent GB-610949-A (GB)
Title: Combined brazing and welding process for uniting metals
IPC: B23K1/00
Filed: 1946-04-15
Abstract: 610,949. Electric welding; brazing. AKT.- GES. BROWN, BOVERI, & CIE. April 15, 1946, No. 11518. Convention date, Jan. 4. [Class 83 (iv)] In a welding process the parts to be joined are first brazed to prevent oxidization of the joint and afterwards welded. Electric resistance brazing may be used to braze the joint, using a copper wire or sheet between the surfaces surrounded by a protective gas such as hydrogen. After brazing, the heat is continued until welding is effected.
Patent GB-1286744-A (GB)
Title: Tomographic imaging device
IPC: G01T1/164
Filed: 1970-03-11
Abstract: 1286744 Tomographic apparatus NUCLEAR CHICAGO CORP 11 March 1970 [12 March 1969] 11579/70 Heading H5R [Also in Divisions G1 and G4-G6] In a collimating device, for producing an image of the distribution of radionuclides throughout an object under investigation, both a collimator and a radiation sensitive transducer are continuously rotated, relative to each other, so as to form circles of scintillations, at the transducer, representing a single radiation source in the object indicated by a single point on a detector C.R.T. screen. The threedimensional radionuclide distribution in object 10 comprises point sources of gamma rays which pass through the slanted channels in collimator 20 to produce scintillations in the sodium iodide crystal 31. The object 10 is mounted beneath the collimator 2. and detector 30, which are separately rotated by the devices 21, 22, 23. The output from 30 is applied to the oscilloscope 70 through the detector 40, and the plane in 10 under investigation is selected by the attenuator control 52.
Patent GB-627783-A (GB)
Title: Plant for delivering combustible gas by a compressor
IPC: F02C3/20
Filed: 1947-04-30
Abstract: 627,783. Gas turbine plant. ESCHER WYSS MASCHINENFABRIKEN AKT.- GES. April 30, 1947, No. 11590. Convention date, June 7, 1946. [Class 110(iii)] In a plant for delivering combustible gas by a compressor which is driven by an internal combustion turbine, a part of the gas delivered by the compressor is used as fuel for the turbine. The gas is compressed in three stages 20, 21, 22, and part of it is tapped off at the delivery pipe 28 and burnt in a combustion chamber 25 to drive a gas turbine 23. The exhaust gases from the latter, which still contain an excess of air, are mixed in a combustion chamber 26 with gas withdrawn at the point 29 and used to drive a turbine 24. Combustion air is supplied to the combustion chamber 25 by three compressor stages 29a, 30, 31, and is heated by the exhaust gases from the turbine 24 in a heat exchanger 33. An intercooler 32 is provided between the air compressor stages 29a and 30. A starter motor 35 is provided. A simplified embodiment, comprising two gas compressor stages and an air compressor driven by a single turbine, is also described.
Patent GB-1462750-A (GB)
Title: Method for the elimination of chrome and zinc from ex
IPC: C02F9/00
Filed: 1975-03-20
Abstract: 1462750 Removal of Cr and Zn INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ELECTRIC CORP 20 March 1975 [27 March 1974] 11625/75 Heading C1C A process for removing Cr and Zn from exhausted passivation baths comprises reducing Cr (VI) to Cr(III) with a reducing agent (e.g. Na or K bisulphite), agitating the solution with air whilst adjusting the pH to 9-10, adding a flocculating agent (e.g. a polyelectrolyte), and allowing the solution to settle to precipitate Cr and Zn.
Patent GB-768439-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the separation of vapours from gases
IPC: B01D47/06
Filed: 1955-04-22
Abstract: 768,439. Scrubbing gases. SIMON-CARVES, Ltd. April 22, 1955 [March 1, 1955], No. 11664/55. Class 55 (2). In the separation of vapours from gases by scrubbing with a solvent liquid, e.g. straw oil for the removal of benzol from coke oven gas, a caustic solvent for removing H 2 S; a wash oil for removing naphthalene; or water for removing ammonia, the liquid is sprayed downwardly in a tower in which the gas rises, and liquid which already contains absorbed vapours is sprayed upwardly so that collisions occur between the droplets of the oppositely directed sprays. The tendency is for each droplet to absorb vapours only in its surface area, the collisions between droplets having the effect of disturbing this condition by disrupting of the droplets, so that a distribution of vapours throughout the bodies of the droplets is attained, and the absorption capacity of the solvent correspondingly increased. The gas is admitted at 4 and is withdrawn at 5. Solvent from the down sprays 12 is directed by louvres 7, 8, 10 to a trough 6a from which a pump 14 obtains vapour-containing solvent for delivery to a ring pipe 33a feeding upward jets 17 at different levels. The overflow from the trough 6a is led by a pipe 18 to a trough 6b associated with the next lower set of louvres, the down spray 22b and the up-sprays 23b being derived via the ring pipe 33b, from a pump 20 which sucks from the trough 6b through the pipe 19. The overflow pipe 24 of the trough 6b leads to the next lower trough 6c, the spraying method being repeated by the sprays 22c, 23c and pump 25. The lowermost stage is supplied by the pump 30 which sucks from the bottom of the tower and feeds sprays 22d, 23d. The upwardly directed sprays may be in the form of a perforated ring pipe with a perforated diametral pipe, or in the form of a perforated grid pipe. U.S.A. Specification 2,675,215 is referred to.
Patent GB-794418-A (GB)
Title: Process for the separation of fractions with different properties from fine porous catalysts
IPC: B03B5/30
Filed: 1956-04-17
Abstract: Mixtures of fine porous catalyst particles, particularly powdery catalysts used in the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons, are separated into fractions with different properties by "conventional," "modified" and "pore radius" sink-and-float methods using a heavy separating liquid of intermediate specific gravity, as defined in the Specification.  One fraction may be separated as the floating fraction by the "modified" method in which the particles are contacted directly with the separating liquid (e.g. one or more of dibromo-ethane, bromoform and carbon tetrachloride, with or without gasoline) and one or more other fractions may be separated by one or more "conventional" or "pore radius" methods in which the particle pores accessible to liquid are partly or wholly filled with a liquid other than the separating liquid (.e.g. water or alcohol) prior to contact with the separating liquid.  The separation may be effected by sedimentation, or it may be expedited by using a centrifuge or hydrocyclone.  Examples are given of the treatment of silica-alumina equilibrium catalysts.  Specifications 648,717, 761,281, [Group II], 794,419 and U.S.A. Specification 2,643,215 are referred to.ALSO:Mixtures of fine porous catalyst particles, particularly powdery catalysts used in the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons, are separated into fractions with different properties by "conventional", "modified", and "pore radius" sink-and-float methods using a heavy separating liquid of intermediate specific gravity, as defined in the Specification.  One fraction may be separated as the floating fraction by the "modified" method in which the particles are contacted directly with the separating liquid (e.g. one or more of dibromo-ethane, bromoform and carbon tetrachloride, with or without gasoline) and one or more other fractions may be separated by one or more "conventional" or "pore radius" methods in which the particle pores accessible to liquid are partly or wholly filled are contacted directly with the separating liquid (e.g. water or alcohol) prior to contact with the separating liquid.  The separation may be effected by sedimentation, or it may be expedited by using a certifuge or hydrocyclone.  Examples are given of the treatment of silica-alumina equilibrium catalysts.  Specifications 648,717, 761,281, 794,419, and U.S.A. Specification 2,643,215 are referred to.
Patent GB-224820-A (GB)
Title: Improved spreader for use with watering cans and the like
IPC: B05B1/26
Filed: 1924-05-12
Abstract: 224,820. Bird, R. A. May 12, 1924. Splashing apparatus.-A spreader for detachable connection to hose pipes, watering cans &c., comprises a plate of soft pliable material one end 4 of which is bent to a trough shape to engage the nozzle or spout while the other end 1 is bent to an angle as shown. The end 4 is secured on the nozzle or spout by a clip 2 and bolt 3.
Patent GB-499173-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to rotary piston apparatus
IPC: F01C1/46
Filed: 1938-04-19
Abstract: 499,173. Rotary engines. MERZ, F. April 19, 1938, Nos. 11734 and 11735. Convention dates, April 19, 1937 and Oct. 23, 1937. [Class 110 (ii)] A rotary engine (or pump) has hinged abutments 17<11> held inwards by the pressure of working fiuid against a spring, piston 8 secured to forked arms 10, and a sealing ring 7 which packs the slot 6 between the parts 4<1>, 4<11>, the ring being bulged outwards and sliding through a slot 12 in the piston. Abutments 17<1> are only used for anticlockwise rotation of the rotor. Rotary distributing valves 20 admit working fluid through ports 21, 22, to act between pistons 8 and the abutments. The fluid is exhausted by way of ports 23 which are controlled by piston valves 25 closed by fluid pressure or held open by springs. A number of units may be arranged on one shaft, the pistons and abutments being displaced angularly for balancing purposes. The rotary valves 20 are driven by the main shaft 9 through bevel gearing. For anticlockwise rotation, a clutch is used to angularly adjust the position of the valves. For dismantling purposes, a screw in the casing is rotated to draw an end cover of the engine, axially outwards. Steam or other working fluid may be used, or the engine may be driven by internal-combustion. In a modification, a compressor and an internal-combustion engine are arranged side by side. The ring 7 may be bevelled at its edges, or rectangular, and may be pressed down by springs. In a further modification, Fig. 14, each piston is pointed at its ends, and two abutments are arranged as shown. Distributing valves for the working fluid are rocked by cam gear and push rods. The piston profile may be doubleparabolic. An automatic regulator may be interposed between shaft and distributer, and the abutment may be arranged to lift clear of a piston, when the rotor speed is excessive. Other devices, such as slide valves, may replace the rotary distributers. Packing strips 45 are used.
Patent GB-567996-A (GB)
Title: Improved process of molding glass
IPC: C03B19/06
Filed: 1943-07-19
Abstract: 567,996. Glass. CORNING GLASS WORKS. July 19, 1943, No. 11735. Convention date, Nov. 6, 1942. [Class 56] A process of moulding glass comprises mixing powdered glass either with an organic binder and an oxidizing agent or with a solution containing biphenyl so that a cohesive, but not adhesive, mixture is produced which is moulded under pressure and then fired. .Examples of the binder are gelatin dissolved in water and cellulose acetate or nitrate dissolved in amyl alcohol; binders with plasticizers may be used, such as glycerine with gelatin, dibutyl phthalate with cellulose acetate or camphor with cellulose nitrate ; or binders mixed with lubricants or themselves acting as lubricants, such as paraffin, polyethylene glycol (carbowax), dodecylamine, stearic acid or zinc stearate may be used. The oxidizing agent may be ammonium or alkali metal nitrate or chlorate.
Patent GB-201239-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to jar ram moulding machines
IPC: B22C15/10
Filed: 1922-04-27
Abstract: 201,239. Marshall, C. April 27, 1922. Moulding-machines of the jar-ram type have the tables manually operated and supported bv springs. The table 9 has a slotted stem 8 guided on the frame and provided with a peg 34 that receives a spring 33 supported on peg 35 on the base. The table may be depressed directly by hand or by mechanism such as the linked levers 20, 13. According to one provisional Specification the lever may engage directly in the slot in the ram, the link 18 being dispensed with. The hand lever 20 is loose on the shaft 17 and is connected to a slotted boss by a bolt 24 affording two positions of the handle. Springs 27 connected to the arm 16 may be varied in tension by a treadle and notched abutment 31. According to the other provisional Specification the springs 27 may be connected directly to the lever 13 and the tension may be regulated by a sliding die-block actuated by a screw and handwheel. Means may be provided for holding the flask in its raised position in order to draw the pattern. For this purpose pairs of levers 37, Fig. 3 adjustable in length at 38 are rocked about shafts 40 by the linkage shown.
Patent GB-564532-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the taking of photographs of a scene against an illuminated background
IPC: G03B15/08
Filed: 1943-07-20
Abstract: 564,532. Photographic studio backgrounds; composite photographs. BROOKES, N. E. (Technicolor Motion-Picture Corporation). July 20, 1943, No. 11796. [Class 98 (ii)] In a method of taking a scene placed in front of a transparent backing, the rear of the backing is illuminated with diffused light of substantially uniformly distributed flux, and the backing is provided with means which causes it to emit from its front surface facing the camera a plurality of beams, each of which is of uniform flux density, has its axis parallel to the axis of the camera, and subtends at the backing an angle which is at least as large as, and is preferably equal to, that subtended at the aperture of the camera by the longest dimension (usually the diagonal) of the photographically effective emulsion area in the camera. The invention may be applied to the method of making composite kinematograph colour films described in Specification 538,628, wherein a foreground action is photographed against a plain backing of a colour not recorded when making at least one of the component colour records it ensures that the light flux reaching the camera from the backing is the same for all points of the backing, and also that stray light from the backing, reflected by the foreground objects into the camera, is reduced to a minimum. Fig. 2 shows the set-up, wherein a foreground action F is to be photographed, by a camera C, against a plain backing comprising a coloured diffusing screen D, illuminated as uniformly as -possible from the rear by lamps L with reflectors, and having in front of it at a short distance o a screen S consisting of small lenses E, each of which emits towards the front a beam having the aforementioned characteristics. The screen S may consist of a glass plate 2, Fig. 5, the front surface of which is covered by contiguous small glass spheres 1 secured to it by Canada Balsam 3; or hemispherical elements may be formed by moulding or impression in the surface of a plastic sheet as of cellulose acetate. Other forms of screen are described in which the lens elements are replaced by a grid of short tubes, or a system of light-conducting rods connected together by black cement, with their axes perpendicular to the plane of the screen. The angular extent 0 of each beam leaving the backing depends on the relation between the dimensions of the elements and the distance o between screens D and S ; and if the elements are small enough, the distance o may be so small as to permit the screen D to be formed on the rear surface of the screen S.
Patent GB-119062-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to Water-circulating Devices for Steam Boilers and the like.
Inventor: WILFORD SAMUEL JAMES
IPC: F22D7/00
Filed: 1917-08-16
Abstract: 119,062. Wilford, S. J. Aug. 16, 1917. Water-circulation, apparatus for promoting; sediment-collectors.-In apparatus for prcmoting the water circulation and consisting of a chamber A communicating with the boiler through pipes B, C of unequal lengths so that water circulates through the chamber by syphonic action, the interior of the chamber is unobstructed by baffles &c., and the pipes are so connected to the chamber that the water flows through it in a path that is everywhere descendent. Sludge is removed through a cock G. Specification 3593/09 is referred to.