Patent GB-1056170-A (GB)
Title: Production of juice from sugar-containing plant material and apparatus therefor
IPC: C13B10/14
Filed: 1964-10-12
Abstract: <PICT:1056170/C6-C7/1> In a process and apparatus for extracting and purifying juice from chips of sugar-containing plant material, such as sugar-beet and sugar-cane, comprising counter-current diffusion of the chips in an extracting liquid consisting of a mixture of make-up water and squeeze water, the chips and/ or the make-up water and/or the squeeze water are mixed with polyphosphoric acid containing at least 72.4%, by weight, of P2O5, and/or with itaconic acid, and, if desired, with a hydroxide of a polyvalent or bivalent metal, such as calcium hydroxide, to inhibit hydrolysis of pectins.  It is stated that the polyphosphoric and/or itaconic acid conserve the initial stiffness of the chips during high-speed extraction and subsequent squeezing of squeeze water from the extracted chips, and that polyphosphoric acid adsorbs heat-resistant bacteria, such as Bacillus stearothermophilus, thus creating sterilized conditions.  The percentage amounts of polyphosphoric acid, itaconic acid and calcium hydroxide, based on the weight of chips, may range respectively between 0.001 and 0.100, 0.005 and 0.040, 0.0005 and 0.0500.  In using the apparatus shown in Fig. 2, the material is sliced into chips in a slicer 1, from which a travelling conveyer belt 3 and a conduit 4 deliver the chips into the lower end of an inclined extractor or diffuser 5, through which a rotating screw conveyer 6 carries the chips, through the oppositely flowing extracting liquid, to the upper end of the extractor, where a rotating bucket-wheel 7 and screw-conveyers 8 and 9 discharge the exhausted chips into squeezing devices 10, e.g. rotary-screw presses, from which the squeezed, exhausted chips are carried, by a rotating screw-conveyer 11, to a drying installation (not shown).  Squeeze water, from the squeezing devices 10, is fed, through a pump 17 and a pipe 18, into a mixing tank 20, into which itaconic acid is fed through a pipe 19. The resulting mixture is fed, through a pipe 21, into the central part of the extractor 5. Make-up water and squeeze water, supplied through a pipe 12, and polyphosphoric acid and sulphurous, sulphuric or phosphoric acid, supplied through a pipe 13, are mixed in a tank 14.  The resulting acid solution is fed, through a pipe 15, into the upper part of the extractor.  A portion of the extracting liquid is removed from the extractor through a sieve 24, and passed, through a pipe 25, into a mixing tank 27, wherein it is neutralized by aqueous calcium hydroxide, supplied through a pipe 26, and then returned to the extractor through a pump 28 and a pipe 29.  Crude thin juice leaves the lower end of the extractor through a sieve 22 and a pipe 23, and is pumped through a filter 32, and again pumped through a decolorizing, adsorption column 34, and then through a cation-exchange column 35 and an anion exchange column 36, which remove most of the molasses-forming salts.  The resulting purified thin juice is passed, through a pipe 37, to evaporators (not shown). The resulting evaporated thick juice is subjected to crystallization to yield sucrose.  A valve 18b may be provided to enable a portion of the squeeze water to be diverted from the pipe 18, through a branch pipe 18a, into the tank 14.  In using the apparatus of Fig. 1 (not shown) squeeze water, polyphosphoric acid and/or itaconic acid are mixed in the tank 20, and make-up water is mixed with sulphurous, sulphuric or phosphoric acid in the tank 14.  No squeeze water can be diverted into the latter, because the valve 18b and branch pipe 18a are omitted.