Patent GB-733507-A (GB)
Title: Sizing of textile materials and copolymers and copolymercontaining compositions for use therein
IPC: D06M15/263
Filed: 1953-02-06
Abstract: Textile yarns are sized with an alkali metal salt of a copolymer of 90 to 98 mol. per cent of vinyl acetate and 10 to 2 mol. per cent of an unsaturated organic compound containing from 3 to 9 carbon atoms and having at least one free carboxyl group, a molar solution of said copolymer in 99.5 per cent ethanol and 0.5 per cent benzene having a viscosity of less than 18 centipoises at 20 DEG  C.  Yarns specified are those of regenerated cellulose, cellulose acetate and propionate, cotton, linen, ramie, wool and its mixtures with mohair and camel hair, polyacrylonitrile and its copolymers, copolymers of vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride, condensation products of ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid and mixtures of the above.  Yarns of linear synthetic polyamides are excluded.  The unsaturated organic compounds listed are acrylic, vinyl acetic, tiglic, angelic, fumaric and itaconic acids and partial esters of unsaturated dicarboxylic acids such as the methyl, ethyl, and propyl acid maleates, methyl and butyl acid fumarates, citraconates and itaconates, ethyl and butyl acid chloromaleates and mixtures.  A method for the production of the copolymers is described (see Group IV (a)).  Sizing solutions may be prepared from the sodium, potassium, lithium or caesium salts or from mixtures of the copolymer with substantially dry, non-hygroscopic, alkaline, alkali metal compounds such as sodium, potassium, lithium and caesium carbonates, bicarbonates, borates and phosphates. Optional ingredients are surface-active agents, such as alkali metal salts of alkyl benzene sulphonic acids, sulphonated or sulphated fatty alcohols or acids and dialkyl esters of sulphosuccinic acid; film-forming agents, such as casein, starches, zein, polyacrylic and polymethacrylic acids, alkali metal polyacrylates and polymethacrylates, copolymers of styrene with maleic acid or anhydride, and alkyl acid maleates; and textile softeners, such as glycerine, diethylene and ethylene p  glycols and sulphonated tallow. U.S.A. Specification 2,263,598 is referred to.  Examples VIII to XI illustrate the sizing of yarns.ALSO:Copolymers comprising 90 to 98 mol. per cent of vinyl acetate and 10 to 2 mol. per cent of an unsaturated organic compound containing from 3 to 9 carbon atoms and having at least one free carboxyl group have in molar solution in 99.5 per cent ethanol and 0.5 per cent benzene, a viscosity of less than 18 centiposes at 20 DEG  C.  The unsaturated organic compounds may be acrylic, vinylacetic, tiglic, angelic, fumaric and itaconic acids and partial esters of unsaturated dicarboxylic acids such as methyl, ethyl and propyl acid maleates, methyl and butyl acid fumarates, citraconates and itaconates, ethyl and butyl acid chloromaleates and mixtures of the above.  Beads of the copolymers may be prepared by gradually adding the monomers to an aqueous solution containing at least 1 per cent catalyst and at least 0.11 per cent of a water-soluble protective colloid as suspending agent, the copolymerization being carried out under reflex and ceasing to reflux when the temperature has risen to at least 75 DEG  C. Catalysts specified are benzoyl, acetyl, lauryl, hydrogen and methyl ethyl ketone peroxides, t-butyl and cumene hydroperoxides, t-butyl and di-t-butyl perphthalate and potassium persulphate. The suspending agent may be polyvinyl alcohol, gelatin, natural gums, gum tragacanth, polyacrylic or polymethacrylic acid or copolymers of vinyl acetate and maleic anhydride.  Surface active agents, such as alkali metal salts of alkyl benzene sulphonic acids, sulphonated or sulphated fatty alcohols or fatty acids, and dialkyl esters of sulphosuccinic acid, and modifiers such as dodecyl mercaptan and carbon tetrachloride may be present.  Salts of the copolymers may be obtained by treating with alkali or with alkali metal salts, e.g. those of sodium, potassium, lithium or caesium.  Sizing solutions may be prepared from these salts or the copolymers may be compounded, desirably by mixing till the copolymer particles lose their lustre, with substantially dry, non-hygroscopic, alkaline, alkali metal inorganic compounds such as sodium, potassium, lithium and caesium carbonates, bicarbonates, borates and phosphates to give a sizing composition.  Optionally the composition may contain surface active agents, such as those listed above, and film forming agents such as casein, starches, zein, polyacrylic or polymethacrylic acid, alkali metal polyacrylates or polymethacrylates or copolymers of styrene with maleic acid or anhydride, or alkyl acid maleates.  The sizing solutions may also comprise textile softeners, such as glycerine, diethylene and ethylene glycols and sulphonated tallow, and surface active agents and/or other sizing materials as listed above.  The solutions may be used for sizing natural or synthetic yarns (see Group IV (c)).  U.S.A. Specification 2,263,598 is referred to.