baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20040061971-A (KR)
Inventor: YOO SEUNG JONG
IPC: H01L21/82
Filed: 2002-12-31
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for forming a pad and a fuse of a semiconductor device is provided to improve reliability by partially remaining an etch stop layer on a pad opening and a fuse region. CONSTITUTION: The first insulating layer(12) with the first trench is formed on a substrate defined by a pad and fuse regions. A lower metal line(14) as a fuse is formed in the first trench. The second insulating layer(16) with the second trench is formed on the first insulating layer. A top copper metal line(18) is formed in the second trench. By selectively etching the third insulating layer(20), the first contact hole is formed to expose the top metal line. A metal pad(22a) is formed to connect the top metal line through the first contact hole. An etch stop layer(24) and the fourth insulating layer(26) are formed on the resultant structure. The second contact holes(28a,28c) are formed to expose partially the etch stop layer on the pad and fuse region by etching the fourth insulating layer. The etch stop layer on the second contact holes is removed.
Patent KR-20040062157-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM MUN CHEOL
IPC: G09G3/36
Filed: 2002-12-31
Abstract: PURPOSE: An LCD including a driving circuit is provided to improve the response speed and the reflectance by installing a data reinforcement circuit in a data control circuit to overdrive red sub-pixels of a cholesteric liquid crystal color filter. CONSTITUTION: An LCD including a driving circuit includes an LCD panel and a data control circuit. The data control circuit is connected to the LCD. The data control circuit is used for transmitting external input signals to the LCD. A data reinforcement circuit is installed in the data control circuit. The data reinforcement circuit is used for overdriving selectively one of the external input signals. An output signal of the data reinforcement circuit is inputted into a pixel of a red color filter using a cholesteric color filter.
Patent KR-20020032620-A (KR)
IPC: H04W28/18
Filed: 2001-07-19
Abstract: PL 복조부(203)는 수신 신호에서의 파일럿 신호를 복조한다.  SIR 검출부(205)는 복조된 파일럿 신호의 수신 품질을 검출한다.  fd 검출부(206)는 복조된 파일럿 신호를 이용하여 도플러 주파수를 검출한다.  요구 변조 방식 결정부(207)는 파일럿 신호의 수신 품질과 검출된 도플러 주파수를 이용하여, 기지국 장치에 요구할 변조 방식을 결정한다.  커맨드 생성부(208)는 결정된 변조 방식에 대응하는 커맨드를 생성한다.  적응 복조부(204)는 요구 변조 방식 결정부(207)에 의해 결정된 변조 방식에 대응하는 복조 방식을 이용하여, 수신 신호에 대한 복조 처리를 행한다.  이에 따라, 페이딩 환경 하에서도 수신 품질을 양호하게 유지할 수 있다.
Patent KR-20020037055-A (KR)
Title: Producing a trick modes signal for digital video recorder
IPC: G11B27/034
Filed: 2000-10-09
Abstract: The invention concerns a method for generating trickmode information for a digital video stream to be recorded in a digital video system. The method comprises the steps of: analyzing the structure of said video stream and deriving a plurality of descriptors of objects of the stream; writing said stream to a recording medium; inserting, into the object descriptors, information describing the address of the objects on the recording medium. Applicable in a digital television system in which receivers are fitted with recording means.
Patent KR-20020057986-A (KR)
IPC: C12N9/99
Filed: 2000-10-27
Abstract: 본 발명은 내성 유도를 개선 및 최적화하기 위하여 항원과 더불어 11-β-하이드록시스테로이드 탈수소효소 저해제를 포함하는 약물에 관한다.
Patent KR-20020069353-A (KR)
IPC: C22B3/00
Filed: 2000-10-25
Abstract: 펄프의 끓는점 미만의 온도와 대기압에서 습식 야금법에 의해서 니켈철 라테라이트 광석을 삼출하여 니켈 및 코발트가 추출되는 방법이 제공된다. 갈철광이라 칭하는 라테라이트의 철 고 함유 광석이 농축 무기산과 접촉되어 철 및 니켈을 용해시킨다. 이 과정 동안에 산화환원 전위를 1000mV 미만으로 유지시켜 코발트 용해를 증가시키고 3가 철의 환원을 방지하기 위해서 1000-900mV로 전위를 유지하기 위해서 환원제가 사용된다. 나트륨, 칼륨, 암모늄의 존재 하에서 삼출 슬러리의 혼합은 대기압에서 철을 자로사이트로 침전시킨다. 철의 가수분해로 생성된 산은 라테라이트의 철 함량이 적은 부위(부식암석)으로 중화되어 니켈을 용액에 용해시킨다. 결과의 슬러리는 종래의 방법으로 처리되어 용액으로부터 니켈 및 코발트를 회수할 수 있다.
Patent KR-20020059676-A (KR)
IPC: B41M5/52
Filed: 2000-10-31
Abstract: 기재를 제공하고, 양이온성 중합체 또는 공중합체, 섬유 유연제를 포함하는 수성 코팅 제형으로 상기 기재를 처리하고, 중탄산나트륨, 탄산나트륨 또는 이들의 조합으로부터 선택된 한 성분 및 우레아로 된 수성 흡수 용액 또는 황산암모늄의 수성 흡수 용액으로 상기 기재를 처리하고, 상기 기재를 건조시키고, 코팅 또는 후처리 인쇄 기재에 따라, 상기 기재를 반응성 또는 산성염료-기재 잉크로 인쇄하고, 인쇄된 기재를 후처리하는 단계를 포함하는 방법으로서, 기재 상에 인쇄된 반응성 또는 산성염료-기재 잉크젯 잉크의 접착력, 염색 견뢰도 및 세탁 견뢰도를 개선시키기 위하여 인쇄된 기재를 제조하는 방법.
Patent KR-20020062352-A (KR)
IPC: C07K1/04
Filed: 2000-12-20
Abstract: 본 발명은 하기 화학식 1 의 화합물, 및 이의 광학 이성체, 부분입체이성체, 또는 거울상 이성체; 이의 염, 수소화물, 에스테르, 아미드 또는 이미드에 관한 것이다: 
     [화학식 1] 
     
       
     
     (a) R1 은 수소 또는 알킬이고; R2 는 수소, 알킬, 아릴, 헤테로시클릴, 카르복시 및 이의 에스테르 및 아미드로부터 선택되거나; R1 및 R2 는 부착되고 함께 알킬렌 또는 헤테로알킬렌이고; (b) R4 는 아릴, 헤테로아릴, 및 α,β-불포화 공액 아릴 또는 헤테로아릴로부터 선택되고; (c) R5 는 수소, 알킬, 아릴 및 헤테로시클릴로부터 선택됨.     본 발명은 또한 상기 화합물의 라이브러리, 및 상기 화합물 및 라이브러리의 제조 방법을 포함한다.
Patent KR-20020077371-A (KR)
IPC: H03F1/34
Filed: 2000-12-22
Abstract: 고면적 값을 갖는 높은 선형저항을 제공하고, 드레인 또는 소스가 회로의 레일 근방에서 작동할 때 종래의 CMOS 프로세스에서 레지스터를 실시하도록 하는 방법 및 장치에 있어서, 그에 따라, 5터미널 분배 MOS 레지스터 디바이스는 드레인 터미널, 소스 터미널, 및 상기 드레인 터미널 및 소스 터미널 사이에 배치된 채널 영역을 포함하고, 벌크 터미널은 상기 채널 영역의 근처에 잇으며, 제 1 게이트 터미널은 상기 소스 터미널 근방에 있고 제 2 게이트 터미널은 상기 드레인 터미널의 근방에 있으며, 마지막으로 저항 물질의 게이트 영역은 제 1 게이트 터미널과 제 2 게이트 터미널의 사이에 배치되어 제 1 게이트 터미널 및 제 2 게이트 터미널의 적용에 대해 상기 게이트 영역을 가로질러 전압강하가 상기 채널 영역에서의 전자 채널의 길이를 따라 동일하게 배분되는 것을 특징으로하는 디바이스.
Patent KR-20020065612-A (KR)
IPC: G01C21/26
Filed: 2001-10-30
Abstract: 통신 수단의 제한에 의해 한번에 모든 정보를 송신할 수 없는 경우, 정보 내의 우선순위를 붙여 모든 정보를 수신할 수 있게 하는 정보 송수신 시스템이다.  정보를 복수 데이터의 집합으로 분할하는 수기정보 추출장치(405)와, 분할한 복수 데이터를 복수 데이터 송신장치로 전송할 시기와 송신장치의 할당을 설정하는 데이터 송신 설정부(406)와, 분할된 데이터를 송신하는 정보 데이터 송신부(407)로부터 송수신서버(416)를 통해 송신하는 통신장치(402)와, 데이터를 수신하는 수기·화상 데이터 수신부(410)와, 수신한 데이터를 원래의 정보로 복원하는 수기·화상 데이터 처리부(411)와, 정보를 표시하는 수기·화상 데이터 표시부(412)로 이루어지는 이동정보장치(403)로 정보 송수신 시스템을 구성한다.
Patent KR-20020068084-A (KR)
IPC: H01J29/48
Filed: 2001-11-19
Abstract: 캐소드와, 각각 전자 통과 구멍이 마련된 제 1, 제 2 전극을 갖고, 제 1, 제 2 전극은 각각의 전자 통과 구멍을 캐소드로부터 취출된 전자선이 통과하도록, 캐소드의 전면에서 동축상에 배치된 음극선관에 있어서, 컷오프시의 캐소드 전압을, 제 1 전극을 기준으로 해서 50V∼80V로 설정하는 것에 의해, 음극선관의 고휘도화를 실현한다.
Patent KR-20020084200-A (KR)
IPC: F02B55/02
Filed: 2001-03-23
Abstract: A pivoted piston for an internal combustion engine. The piston has a pivot pin (14) and an arcuate first sealing surface 12 which describes a circumferential path about the pivot pin (14) which forms a removable and replaceable skirt to the piston. The piston also includes a second arcuate sealing surface (13) which also describes a circumferential path about the pivot pin and which is connected to the first arcuate sealing surface by a piston floor (21). The second arcuate sealing surface (13) is composed of at least two arcuate sealing components (24) which are located on a bed (20) with the components being located on the bed (20) so they will have limited transverse movement on the bed (20). The components (24) have mating faces which restrict the path of combustion gases between the mating faces. The piston further includes side seals (62) which are located in grooves (63) in the side of the piston. A restraining pin (60) assists in locating the seals (62) in the seal grooves and also closes a pressure escape path for the combustion gases. The piston further includes means to allow liquid coolant to pass through the pivot shaft 14, through liquid cooling galleries in the piston and out o the pivot shaft 14.
Patent KR-20030005356-A (KR)
IPC: A61K8/89
Filed: 2001-05-01
Abstract: 본 발명은 미립자 발한 억제 활성제 약 0.5중량% 내지 약 60중량%, 고체 현탁제 약 16중량% 내지 약 50중량%, 휘발성 실리콘 약 10중량% 내지 약 80중량%, 및 비휘발성 실리콘 약 1중량% 내지 약 35중량%를 포함하는 무수의 스틱형 발한 억제제를 개시하며, 이때 해당 스틱은 바람직하게는 5.5를 초과하는 ClogP값을 갖는 비휘발성 유기 액체를 실질적으로 함유하지 않으며, 제품 경도가 최소 약 600 그램중이고, 더 나아가, 상기 스틱은 저잔류도 및/또는 높은 발한 억제 효능 측정치를 특징으로 한다.  이러한 조성물들은, 최소 16중량%의 상대적으로 높은 고체 현탁제 농도를 함유하고 있음에도, 저잔류성 및 우수한 발한 억제 효능을 보유한다.
Patent KR-20030014683-A (KR)
IPC: G01R31/26
Filed: 2001-05-22
Abstract: 본 발명은 전기 구성 요소 측정, 특히 상기 구성 요소의 고주파 측정 방법 및 장치에 관한 것이다. 본 발명은 처음 위치와 측정 위치 사이에서 치환될 수 있는 접촉 요소의 사용으로 특징지워진다. 마지막에서, 개별 접촉 요소는 구성 요소의 정지부와 측정 접촉부에 대항하여 놓인다. 상기 접촉 요소는 전기 절연 재료로 이루어진 지지부내에 유지된다.
Patent KR-20040063223-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM TAE SU
IPC: A01G17/10
Filed: 2003-01-06
Abstract: PURPOSE: A branch supporting member designed to support a peach tree having a tree shape of an open-center natural form is provided. It permits easy achievement of tree shape constitution and branch disposition to fit an open-center natural form standard, increases crop yield, improves the quality and commercial value of fruits and prevents fruits from falling off the tree. CONSTITUTION: The branch supporting member for supporting a peach tree of a tree shape of an open-center natural form comprises: a main stake part(22) being driven into the ground in a vertical posture and having a plurality of fastening holes(32) at regular intervals at the upper part and a specified length and thickness; a first branch supporting member(24) fixed to the main stake to be adjusted in length and inclined at a 65 degree angle at a specified height from the ground; a second branch supporting member(26) located at the upper part in the opposite direction of the first branch supporting member and fixed to the main stake to be adjusted in length and inclined at a 45 degree angle; and a third branch supporting member(28) located at regularly spaced intervals in the opposite direction of the second branch supporting member and fixed to the main stake to be adjusted in length and inclined at a 30 degree angle.
Patent KR-20040063360-A (KR)
Inventor: MOK DONG GYUN
IPC: G11B19/02
Filed: 2003-01-07
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for controlling a digital zoom in an optical disk device is provided to monitor an object movement within a zoom area, and to variably move the zoom area to an optional position as automatically cancelling a digital zoom operation if the object movement is not tracked, thereby continuously outputting an image of an object. CONSTITUTION: A microcomputer performs a series of reproduction processes for reproducing video/audio data streams(S10), and expansively outputs a portion of an original image corresponding to a digital zoom area(S11, S12). The microcomputer compares a calculated brightness signal average level value with a stored brightness signal average level value. If the stored brightness signal average level value remarkably changes(S13), the microcomputer variably moves the digital zoom area(S14). If a satisfactory brightness signal average level value is detected(S15), the microcomputer automatically tracks an object(S16). If a user requests to release the digital zoom area(S17), the microcomputer carries out a general reproduction process of outputting an overall original image(S18).
Patent KR-20040064998-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE HEE WOO
IPC: H01L21/66
Filed: 2003-01-13
Abstract: PURPOSE: A micro wire connected to an RF element and a needle of a probe card using the same are provided to maintain constantly a signal transfer condition of a tester such as the probe card, a test board, and a connector by forming a nonconductive layer and a conductive grounding shield layer on a core wire used as a wire. CONSTITUTION: A micro wire connected to an RF element includes a core wire, a nonconductive layer, and a conductive grounding shield layer. The core wire(102) is formed with a conductor. The nonconductive layer(104) is wound around the core wire as the conductor. The conductive grounding shield layer(106) is wound around the nonconductive layer. The core wire is formed with one selected from copper, tungsten, gold, silver, aluminum, nickel, and alloy thereof.
Patent KR-20040066419-A (KR)
Inventor: HAN IN HO
IPC: G11B19/02
Filed: 2003-01-18
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for recording contents of an optical disk mounted on a DVD player in a VCR by recording section information is provided to enable a DVD player to automatically record a desired part only in a video tape mounted on a VCR, if only a user sets recording section information by using recording section setup buttons, thereby reducing time for monitoring a recorded section. CONSTITUTION: A system stores recording section information of an optical disk(311,321). When a recording key is inputted, the system moves to a recording start part of the optical disk according to the set recording section information(325,331). The system transmits contents of the optical disk to a VCR(341,351). The system checks a recording section of the optical disk according to the recording section information(361). If a recording end point of the optical disk comes, the system transmits a recording stop command to the VCR(365,371).
Patent KR-20030018024-A (KR)
Inventor: HWANG SEONG HWAN
IPC: G02B6/42
Filed: 2003-01-18
Abstract: PURPOSE: An apparatus and a method for transmitting optical signals are provided to transmit two or more optical signals having different wavelengths through a signal optical fiber by using a wavelength selection optical filter. CONSTITUTION: An optical transmission module(100) is formed with an optical transmission portion(10), an optical transmission/reception portion(20), an optical reception portion(30), an optical filtering portion(40), an optical signal condensing portion(50), and an optical ferrule(60). The optical transmission/reception portion(20) can be used as the optical transmission portion or the optical reception portion. The optical transmission portion(10) and the optical transmission/reception portion(20) are formed with luminous elements(11,21), focusing elements(12,22), and optical monitoring elements(13,23), respectively. The optical reception portion(30) is formed with an optical detection element(31), a focusing element(32), and a pre-amplification element(33). The optical filtering portion(40) is formed with the first to the fourth filters(41 to 44).
Patent KR-20040067000-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM SANG DU
IPC: D06F58/28
Filed: 2003-01-21
Abstract: PURPOSE: A current control device for a drier and a method are provided to prevent unnecessary operation of a circuit breaker by keeping regular current consumption with controlling output of a heater at fluctuation of input voltage, and to improve the stability and the reliability by minimizing electromagnetic noise with preventing inrush current through synchronization of zero cross. CONSTITUTION: A drier includes a heater(220) heating air; a fan motor(250) circulating air heated by a heater; a power unit(260); a heater driving unit(210) sampling power from the power unit according to the control signal with the unit range, and selectively supplying power waveform of the sampled range to the heater; a motor driving unit(240) supplying power from the power unit to the motor according to the control signal; a voltage detecting unit(230) sensing power voltage from the power unit; and a control unit(200) outputting the control signals to the motor driving unit corresponding to operation command, and outputting the control signals to the heater driving unit according to motor current to keep regular total current consumption regardless of fluctuation of output of the voltage detecting unit.
Patent KR-20040067329-A (KR)
Inventor: HONG SEONG PYO
IPC: G11B15/665
Filed: 2003-01-22
Abstract: PURPOSE: A loading gear assembling device of a VCR is provided to adopt a hooking structure of fixing with the use of a self elastic force to a base plate and a shaft supporting member, thereby reducing the number of components without increasing the rigidity of the shaft supporting member. CONSTITUTION: A hooking portion(230) is elastically hooked over a shaft supporting member(200), and is combined with the shaft supporting member(200). The shaft supporting member(200) has loading gear driving shafts(201,202,203). The hooking portion(230) of the shaft supporting member(200) is hooked over a hooking portion of a base plate(100), to be fixed by a hooking force. Within the hooking portion of the base plate(100), plural curved parts having hooking holes are formed in front portions of a head drum installation hole of the base plate(100) with a piercing hole.
Patent KR-20040067668-A (KR)
Inventor: JUNG GUK IN
IPC: C11D3/16
Filed: 2003-01-24
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided is a liquid detergent packed with a water soluble film in a unit weight needed for cleaning once, which prevent overuse of the detergent, shows excellent cleaning power, shelf stability and transportability and is used with ease. CONSTITUTION: The liquid detergent comprises a liquid detergent composition packed with a water soluble film, wherein the liquid detergent composition comprises: (a) 30-50 parts by weight of a non-ionic surfactant; (b) 10-25 parts by weight of an anionic surfactant; (c) 1-10 parts by weight of a fatty acid; (d) 5-20 parts by weight of a solubilizer; (e) 1-10 parts by weight of an organic acid; and (f) 7-13 parts by weight of water. The water soluble film is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide and methyl cellulose.
Patent KR-20040069659-A (KR)
Title: Fuel activiation apparatus
Inventor: KIM YONG SEOK
IPC: F02M27/04
Filed: 2003-01-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: A fuel activating device for improving fuel efficiency and the cleanness of exhaust gas is provided to change the fuel flowing in from a fuel tank into fine particles, to smoothly flow the fuel by minimizing resistance caused by flow velocity, and to make fine-particulate fuel have anions or radiating energy of far infrared rays by forming a radiation activating member. CONSTITUTION: Upper and lower cases(10,10') have an inlet port(10a) for flowing in the fuel from a fuel tank at the upper part and a discharge port(10a') for discharging the fuel to an engine at the lower part. An upper conic screw(11) is installed to the inner front end of a fuel inflow side of the upper case in a multi-stage, and the conic screw swirls and changes the fuel flowing into the inlet port by forming a screw-shaped guide passage(11a) on each outer peripheral surface and fine-activates the fuel by accelerating the flow velocity. A magnetic force activating member(13) is supported by a platinum mesh pipe(12) to have constant intervals in the upper case and vertically arranged in a line to act repulsive force to each other. An anion generating filler metal(14) is filled between the upper conic screw and the magnetic force activating member, between the magnetic force activating members, and in the platinum mesh pipe to activate the vibration and rotation of fuel molecules by applying anions and the radiating energy of far infrared rays into the fine-activated fuel. An anion generating material(15) is disposed in the rear side of the magnetic force activating member to activate the vibration and rotation of fuel molecules by applying anions and the radiating energy of far infrared rays into the fine-activated fuel passing through the upper conic screw and the anion generating filler metal again. Plural cylindrical screws(16) are concentrically overlapped in the lower case at the rear part of the anion generating material and fine-activate the fuel by swirling and changing the fuel passing through the upper conic screw by forming screw-shaped guide passages(16a) on each outer peripheral surface. A lower conic screw(17) is separated from the cylindrical screw at the predetermined gap, concentrically arranged in a multi-stage, and formed with screw-shaped guide passages(17a) on each outer peripheral surface.
Patent KR-20040072238-A (KR)
Inventor: YOON CHUL KYUN
IPC: B65D81/24
Filed: 2003-02-10
Abstract: PURPOSE: A box type vessel for preserving foods, which radiates magnetic forces, far-infrared rays and anions, is provided to maintain the original taste and freshness of foods for longer period, and to give several beneficial effects, like deodorization and sterilizing one. CONSTITUTION: The box type vessel for preserving foods, which radiates magnetic forces, far-infrared rays and anions, includes; a ship hull body(20) having a receiving part(20a) and an upper cover(21); and coupling holes(22) on both sides inside the ship hull body(20) wherein a radiator(10,10') for generating the magnetic forces and the far-infrared rays is fixed to each coupling hole(22).
Patent KR-20040073863-A (KR)
Inventor: KA YEONG IL
IPC: G09G5/32
Filed: 2003-02-15
Abstract: PURPOSE: A device for preventing a residual image of a display device is provided to move a display position of an entire screen in predetermined time unit regardless of a moving image or a still image, thereby preventing a display device from being damaged by a residual image. CONSTITUTION: If a user request signal is a power on request signal or a timer reset signal, a system controller(201) resets a timer(202). The system controller(201) enables a position of an entire screen to move whenever time of the timer(202) reaches a predetermined time, regardless of a still image or a moving image displayed on a display(205), and resets the timer(202). The system controller(201) applies different mobile ranges according to a mobile direction when moving the entire screen in predetermined time unit.
Patent KR-20040084325-A (KR)
Inventor: HWANG GYEONG HYEON
IPC: H01L21/027
Filed: 2003-03-27
Abstract: PURPOSE: A nano imprint lithography process using an elementwise embossed stamp is provided to fill up resist into each nano-structure of element stamps by forming a groove between the element stamps. CONSTITUTION: A resist(20) is coated on an upper surface of a substrate(5). A stamp(10) including a nano-structure is in contact with an upper surface of the resist of the substrate by using the predetermined low pressure. Ultraviolet rays are irradiated on the resist. The stamp is separated from the resist. The upper surface of the substrate including the resist is etched. The stamp is formed with two or more element stamps. A deep groove is formed between neighboring element stamps. The groove is deeper than the nano-structure formed on the element stamp.
Patent KR-20040084514-A (KR)
Inventor: SHIN TAE JOON
IPC: A47J37/06
Filed: 2003-03-28
Abstract: PURPOSE: A forced water-circulation type roaster is provided to prevent food from being scorched by forcibly circulating water in a roasting plate and cooling the roasting plate. CONSTITUTION: A forced water-circulation type roaster is composed of a main body, a water tank, a pump for pumping water in the water tank, and a roasting plate(40). The roasting plate includes a rim(41) divided into a water introducing space(42) and a water discharge space(43), and pipe grills(44) formed between the water introducing space and the water discharge space. Water in the water tank is forcibly circulated in the roasting plate to cool the roasting plate. A roasting-plate attaching/detaching unit(60) selectively connects the water tank to the roasting plate, and includes a support plate, an introducing pipe connected to the inlet of the water introducing space, a discharging pipe connected to the outlet of the water discharge space, a guide for guiding the motion of the introducing pipe and the discharging pipe, a supporter for supporting the introducing pipe and the discharging pipe, and a handle having a cam for selectively pressing the introducing pipe and the discharging pipe.