baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent MY-127507-A (MY)
Title: Communication system
Inventor: OSHIMA MITSUAKI
IPC: H04N19/89
Filed: 1994-03-25
Abstract: AT THE TRANSMITTER (5) SIDE, CARRIER WAVES ARE MODULATED ACCORDING TO AN INPUT SIGNAL FOR PRODUCING RELEVANT SIGNAL POINTS IN A SIGNAL SPACE DIAGRAM. THE INPUT SIGNAL IS DIVIDED INTO, TWO, FIRST AND SECOND, DATA STREAMS. THE SIGNAL POINTS ARE DIVIDED INTO SIGNAL POINT GROUPS TO WHICH DATA OF THE FIRST DATA STREAM ARE ASSIGNED. ALSO, DATA OF THE SECOND DATA STREAM ARE ASSIGNED TO THE SIGNAL POINTS OF EACH SIGNAL POINT GROUP. A DIFFERENCE IN THE TRANSMISSION ERROR RATE BETWEEN FIRST AND SECOND DATA STREAMS IS DEVELOPED BY SHIFTING THE SIGNAL POINTS TO OTHER POSITIONS IN THE SPACE DIAGRAM EXPRESSED AT LEAST IN THE POLAR COORDINATE SYSTEM. AT THE RECEIVER (33, 43) SIDE, THE FIRST AND/OR SECOND DATA STREAMS CAN BE RECONSTRUCTED FROM A RECEIVED SIGNAL. IN TV BROADCAST SERVICE, A TV SIGNAL IS DIVIDED BY A TRANSMITTER (5) INTO, LOW AND HIGH, FREQUENCY BAND COMPONENTS WHICH ARE DESIGNATED AS A FIRST AND A SECOND DATA STREAMS RESPECTIVELY. UPON RECEIVING THE TV SIGNAL, A RECEIVER (33, 43) CAN REPRODUCE ONLY THE LOW FREQUENCY BAND COMPONENT OR BOTH THE LOW AND HIGH FREQUENCY BAND COMPONENTS, DEPENDING ON ITS CAP ABILITY. FURTHERMORE, A COMMUNICATION SYSTEM BASED ON AN OFDM SYSTEM IS UTILIZED FOR DATA TRANSMISSION OF A PLURALITY OF SUB CHANNELS, WHEREIN THE SUBCHANNELS ARE DIFFERENTIATED BY CHANGING THE LENGTH OF A GUARD TIME SLOT (797) OR A CARRIER WAVE INTERVAL OF A SYMBOL TRANSMISSION TIME SLOT (796), OR CHANGING THE TRANSMISSION ELECTRIC POWER OF THE CARRIER. (FIGURE 1)
Patent MY-137771-A (MY)
Title: An apparatus for picking loose fruits such as oil palm or the likes lying on the ground
Inventor: TUKIMAN MOHD AMIR BIN
Filed: 1996-06-13
Abstract: DURING HARVESTING, A SUBSTANTIAL AMOUNT OF OIL PALM WILL BREAK LOOSE FROM BUNCHES AND ARE SCATTERED ON THE GROUND. THIS IS NOT ONLY WASTEFUL BUT POSES A PROBLEM OF DISPOSING THE UNWANTED SEEDLINGS THAT WILL SOON GERMINATE. THE PRESENT INVENTION DISCLOSES AN APPARATUS FOR PICKING LOOSE FRUITS SUCH AS OIL PALM OR THE LIKES LYING ON THE GROUND TO OVERCOME THE ABOVE PROBLEMS. THE APPARATUS COMPRISES AN ELONGATE DRUM (1) MOUNTED FOR ROTATIVE MOVEMENT, A PLURALITY OF PICKING FINGERS (2) PROJECTING OUT FROM THE DRUM, A PLURALITY OF DEFLECTING FINGERS (3) AND A FRUIT CONTAINER (4). (FIG. 1)
Patent MY-118279-A (MY)
Title: Method for the preparation of (±)- calanolide a and intermediates thereof
Inventor: FLAVIN MICHAEL T
IPC: C07D311/16
Filed: 1997-01-31
Abstract: A METHOD OF PREPARING (±) -CALANOLIDE A, 1, A POTENT HIV REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR, FROM CHROMENE 4 IS PROVIDED. USEFUL INTERMEDIATES FOR PREPARING (±) -CALANOLIDE A AND ITS DERIVATIVES ARE ALSO PROVIDED. ACCORDING TO THE DISCLOSED METHOD, CHROMENE 4 INTERMEDIATE WAS REACTED WITH ACETALDEHYDE DIETHYL ACETAL OR PARALDEHYDE IN THE PRESENCE OF AN ACID CATALYST WITH HEATING, OR A TWO-STEP REACTION INCLUDING AN ALDOL REACTION WITH ACETALDEHYDE AND CYCLIZATION EITHER UNDER ACIDIC CONDITIONS OR MITSUNOBU CONDITIONS, TO PRODUCE CHROMANONE 7. REDUCTION OF CHROMANONE 7 WITH SODIUM BOROHYDRIDE, IN THE PRESENCE OF CERIUM TRICHLORIDE, PRODUCED (±) -CALANOLIDE A. A METHOD FOR RESOLVING (±) -CALANOLIDE A INTO ITS OPTICALLY ACTIVE FORMS BY A CHIRAL HPLC SYSTEM OR BY ENZYMATIC ACYLATION AND HYDROLYSIS IS ALSO DISCLOSED. FINALLY, A METHOD FOR TREATING OR PREVENTING VIRAL INFECTIONS USING (±) -CALANOLIDE OR (-) -CALANOLIDE IS PROVIDED.
Patent MY-141376-A (MY)
Title: Device for removingfluid from a container with pressurized air and thereafter placing the container under vacuum
Inventor: CLARK JAMES E II
IPC: B67D1/04
Filed: 1997-04-24
Abstract: A DEVICE (10) TO EMPTY FLUID FROM A SEALED PRESSURE CONTAINER (12) BY USE OF PRESSURIZED AIR, AND THEREAFTER TO PLACE THE CONTAINER (12) UNDER VACUUM. THE DEVICE (10) HAS A SLEEVE PORTION (28) WHICH DEFINES AN INTERIOR CHAMBER (36). A RING PORTION (34) WITH A HOLE (38) EXTENDS INTO THE INTERIOR CHAMBER (36) AND FORMS A SEATING SURFACE (48). A SLIDABLE SEAT (42) WITH AN APERTURE (44) IS LOCATED IN THE INTERIOR CHAMBER (36) BELOW THE RING PORTION (34) AND IS SIZED TO LOOSELY FIT IN THE INTERIOR CHAMBER (36) AND SEAT ON THE RING PORTION (34). AN UPPER CAP (72) WITH AN AIR CHANNEL (74) IS LOCATED AT THE UPPER END (30) OF THE SLEEVE (28) AND A LOWER CAP (52) WITH AN AIR CHANNEL (54) IS PLACED AT THE LOWER END (32) OF THE SLEEVE PORTION (28). A SPRING (50) PLACED IN THE INTERIOR CHAMBER (36) BETWEEN THE LOWER CAP (52) AND THE SLIDABLE SEAT (42) BIASES THE SLIDABLE SEAT (42) INTO CONTACT WITH THE RING PORTION (34). A FLOATABLE BALL (40) IS PLACED ABOVE THE SLIDABLE SEAT (42) AND IS ADAPTED TO FLUID TIGHTLY SEAT ON AND SEAL OFT THE SEAT'S APERTURE (44). THE FLOATABLE BALL (40) IS SIZED TO FREELY PASS THROUGH THE HOLE (38) IN THE RING PORTION (34). A VACUUM GENERATOR (80) IS ALSO PROVIDED. IT HAS A FLOW-THROUGH CHANNEL (84), A JUNCTION AIR CHANNEL (88) IN COMMUNICATION WITH THE FLOW-THROUGH CHANNEL (84) AT AN UPPER END AND IN COMMUNICATION WITH THE CHANNEL (74) IN THE UPPER CAP (72), AND AN AIR FLOW VALVE (90) WITH OPENED AND CLOSED POSITIONS LOCATED DOWNSTREAM OF THE JUNCTION (92) OF THE AIR CHANNEL.
Patent MY-120309-A (MY)
Title: Pack for the nose.
Inventor: ISHIDA KOICHI
IPC: A61F13/12
Filed: 1997-11-04
Abstract: A SHEET-LIKE PACK (1A) FOR THE NOSE, BEING APPLICABLE TO THE SKIN OF THE NOSE, COMPRISES A HOLDING MEMBER (20) AND A COSMETIC MATERIAL (30), AND A RECEDING PORTION (6) IS FORMED AT THE MIDDLE OF AN UPPER EDGE (2) OF THE PACK AND A PROJECTING PORTION (5) IS FORMED AT THE MIDDLE OF A LOWER EDGE (3) OF THE PACK. THESE RECEDING PORTION (6) AND PROTECTING PORTION (5) HAVE SHAPES WHICH ARE FITTABLE WITH EACH OTHER. THIS PROVIDES A PACK FOR THE NOSE WHICH CAN READILY FIT WITH THE NOSE OF VARIOUS SHAPES, INCLUSIVE OF THE TIP OF THE NOSE, AND CAN CONTRIBUTE TO AN IMPROVEMENT IN YIELD WHEN MANUFACTURED IN A CONVEYOR SYSTEM. (FIGURE 1A)
Patent SI-24791-A (SI)
Inventor: BRANC JOŽE
IPC: G10G5/00
Filed: 2014-07-31
Abstract: Izum rešuje problem, kako z modifikacijo obstoječega hi-hata in tamburina omogočiti glasbeniku več različnih variacij kot jih je omogočal hi-hat s tamburinom doslej in kako dodati nov, izboljšan tamburin na instrument. To je rešeno tako, da je na hi-hat stojalo (E) s činelami (D) nameščena osnovna naprava (A), ki omogoča nove glasbene variacije činel (D) in tamburina (T) ali izpopolnjenega standardnega tamburina (V), z možnostjo priključitve tudi dodatne naprave (G), ki omogoča namestitev dodatnegatamburina (C) ali dveh tamburinov - horizontalno nameščenega (B) in vertikalno nameščenega (C), ki sta sicer enaka. Napravi (A, G) po izumu sta uporabni in primerni za igranje v studiju ali za igranje v živo. Glasbenik s pomočjo naprave (A) lahko uporablja klasičen (T) ali izpopolnjen standardni tamburin (V). Sama naprava (A) omogoča s pritrjenim tamburinom (T ali V) na nosilno palico (El) tri različne nastavitve igranja, z dodano napravo (G) pa je mogoče pritrditi na nosilno palico (El) še tamburin (B,C). Vertikalno pritrjeni tamburin (C) pa omogoča s sukanjem in nošenjem marakasa še nove glasbene možnosti.
Patent TW-201145950-A (TW)
Title: Continuous CDM/FDM structure for LTE uplink data
Inventor: XU HAO
IPC: H04J13/00
Filed: 2011-01-12
Abstract: A method, an apparatus, and a computer program product for wireless communication are provided in which information regarding use of a CDM and FDM structure for multiplexing data on a data channel for uplink for at least one subframe is determined. In addition, the data is multiplexed using the CDM/FDM structure for the at least one subframe based on the determined information.
Patent TW-201231399-A (TW)
Title: Method of preparing copper oxide
Inventor: Zhang da-jiang
IPC: C01G3/02
Filed: 2011-01-26
Abstract: A method of preparing copper oxide mainly comprises: utilizing the ammonia solution and filtrate produced during the recycled copper oxide preparation process to re-formulate a solvent capable of dissolving copper; and carrying out in sequence cracking, condensation, filtration, recycling, drying, and calcination to prepare the high purity copper oxide, thereby greatly reducing the waste water amount and effectively lowering follow-up process costs.
Patent TW-201137502-A (TW)
Title: Projector
Inventor: SEO EUN-SUNG
IPC: G03B21/14
Filed: 2011-01-28
Abstract: Disclosed is a projector, the projector including a light source, an illumination unit illuminating light incident from the light source, and a display device enabling to realize an image by receiving the light irradiated from the illumination unit, and whose center is positioned at an axis different from an optical axis of the illumination unit.
Patent TW-201134753-A (TW)
Title: Highly pure coper sulfonate aqueous solution and method for producing same
Inventor: SEKIGUCHI JUNNOSUKE
IPC: C25D3/38
Filed: 2011-02-16
Abstract: Provided is a highly pure coper sulfonate aqueous solution and an easy method for producing same. The concentration of copper of this copper sulfonate aqueous solution is 90 g/L or hinger, the content of metal impurity based on metal is 10 mg/L or less, the content of chlorine is 10 mg/L or less, and the sulfonic acid is represented by the following formula: R-(SO3H)n (wherein, R represents an alkyl group, a lower alkylidene group, a lower alkylene group or a hydroxyalkyl group, n represents 1 or 2).
Patent TW-201237500-A (TW)
Title: Image pick-up optical system
Inventor: CHEN CHUN-SHAN
IPC: G02B9/60
Filed: 2011-03-09
Abstract: This invention is disclosing an image pick-up optical system, in order from an object side to an image side, along an optical axis comprising: a first lens element with negative refractive power having a convex surface on object-side and concave on image-side, a second lens element with positive refractive power, a bi-convex third lens element with positive refractive power, a fourth lens element with negative refractive power having a concave object-side surface, a plastic fifth lens element with positive refractive power having a convex object-side surface and at least one aspherical optical surface. Additionally, the image pick-up optical system satisfies conditions related to shorten the total length and to enhance the ability of wider field of view for use in compact cameras and mobile phones.
Patent TW-201201289-A (TW)
Title: Semiconductor device and semiconductor device manufacturing method
Inventor: SAKURAI DAISUKE
IPC: H01L23/12
Filed: 2011-03-15
Abstract: The semiconductor device manufacturing method includes the steps of attaching two or more solder particles on at least one electrode among a plurality of electrodes of an electronic component, arranging the electrode of the electronic component and an electrode of a circuit board so as to oppose each other, abutting the solder particles attached on a surface of the electrode of the electronic component to the electrode of the circuit board and heating the solder particles, and connecting electrically the electrode of the electronic component and the electrode of the circuit board via two or more solder joint bodies made by melting the solder particles.
Patent TW-201210640-A (TW)
Title: Microplasma source and sterilization system including the same
Inventor: LIAO JUINN-DER
IPC: A61L2/16
Filed: 2011-03-17
Abstract: A microplasma source and a sterilization system including the same are disclosed. The microplasma source includes: a microplasma generating unit including: a gas transmission chamber having a first inlet and a first outlet wherein the first inlet is used to import a first gas; a protection and heat dissipation chamber of which an side connected to the inner wall of the first outlet; a dielectric inner tube having a second inlet and a second outlet and penetrating through the protection and heat dissipation chamber, wherein the second inlet is communicated to the gas transmission chamber; an electrode arranged an outside of the second outlet and located in the protection and heat dissipation chamber; and a hollow metal tube disposed in the gas transmission chamber and the dielectric inner tube and having a third inlet and a third outlet, wherein the third inlet is used to import a second gas.
Patent TW-201239752-A (TW)
Title: Information system construction platform and construction method thereof
Inventor: SHINOHARA TOMOTAKA
IPC: G06F9/45
Filed: 2011-03-18
Abstract: The present invention provides an information system construction platform and construction thereof. The construction platform is comprised of a plurality of itoms, a man-machine interface and a core processing unit. The plurality of itoms are used for procedure computation. The user select a plurality of itoms via the man-machine interface to perform arrangement, combination and writing to confirm their connection relationship and sequence, so that the plurality of itoms are converted into a process code. The core processing unit translates the process code into a computer-executable program language, such that the computer may perform the program operation and process to become an information system. Thereby, the present invention not only avoids the calling of function data to increase the system loading, but also achieves the purpose for fast constructing the information system with specific arrangement and combination of the plurality of itoms; furthermore, the itoms may be contained by each other to establish a new itom, which may effectively simplifies the process of program coding.
Patent TW-201144376-A (TW)
Title: Epoxy resin based molding material for use in sealing, and electronic components and devices
Inventor: HAMADA MITSUYOSHI
IPC: C08L63/00
Filed: 2011-03-31
Abstract: Provided are: an epoxy resin composition for use in sealing, which exhibits excellent moldability and reflow resistance; and electronic components and devices which are provided with elements sealed with the resin composition. An epoxy resin composition for use in sealing, which comprises (A) an epoxy resin, (B) a curing agent, (C) a cure accelerator, (D) an inorganic filler, and (E) a silicon-containing polymer, said silicon -containing polymer (E) having a three-dimensional crosslinked structure and a weight-average molecular weight of 1500 to 7000.
Patent TW-201202139-A (TW)
Title: Method and System for Manufacturing Silicon and Silicon Carbide
Inventor: TOMITA TAKASHI
IPC: C30B29/06
Filed: 2011-04-06
Abstract: The present invention provides a method of manufacturing silicon and a manufacturing system for manufacturing and extracting silicon by grinding silicon carbide and silica, mixing each at predetermined ratio after cleaning them, housing them in a crucible, heating this by a heating unit to make them react, oxidizing the silicon carbide with the silica and further, reducing the silica with the silicon carbide. The present invention further provides a method of simultaneously manufacturing silicon and silicon carbide and a manufacturing system for producing silicon carbide by forming a silicon carbide film by vapor phase epitaxy using active gas generated in heating for reaction for material and recovering the silicon carbide film.
Patent TW-201242783-A (TW)
Title: Paper inputting apparatus
Inventor: LAI YUNG-CHENG
IPC: B41J13/036
Filed: 2011-04-18
Abstract: A paper inputting apparatus includes a scan release roller, a scan idle, a scan roller, a resilient component, a driving device and a first rotatable roller configured for securing the scan idle. The scan idle is engaged with the scan roller, configured for outputting a paper. The first rotatable roller is rotatably secured to the scan release roller. The resilient component is secured to the scan release roller. The driving device abuts the scan release roller, to move the scan idle relative to the scan roller between a first position and a second position. In the first position, the resilient component abuts the first rotatable roller, and the scan idle abuts the scan roller. In the second position, the resilient component is removed from the first rotatable roller, and a space is formed between the scan idle and the scan roller.
Patent TW-201204377-A (TW)
Title: Anti-hepatotoxic and hepatoprotective phytoproteins
Inventor: LIN YAW-HUEI
IPC: A61P1/16
Filed: 2011-04-19
Abstract: A method of protecting a liver tissue against injury is disclosed. The method comprises the step of administering to a subject in need thereof a composition comprising a sweet potato trypsin inhibitor (SPTI) in a hepatoprotective amount and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, thereby protecting the liver tissue of the subject against injury.
Patent TW-201244026-A (TW)
Title: Metal core printed circuit board and electronic package structure
Inventor: HUANG CHI-FENG
IPC: H05K1/05
Filed: 2011-04-20
Abstract: An electronic package structure is provided which comprises a metal core PCB, an energy storage device and at least one electronic component. The at least one electronic component is disposed between the metal core PCB and the energy storage device. The metal core PCB defines at least a through hole. A thermal via is disposed in the through hole. An insulating layer is disposed in the through hole and located between the metal layer of the metal core PCB and the thermal passage to prevent the electric coupling between the thermal passage and the metal layer. The energy storage device comprises at least a connecting pin in thermal contact with the thermal passage.
Patent TW-201208795-A (TW)
Title: Sawing wire and a sawing wire coil with adhesive and a method to prevent clamped windings
Inventor: CLOET CARLO
IPC: B65H54/02
Filed: 2011-05-02
Abstract: A coil of sawing wire is presented that in an area on the outer visible windings has some adhesive on it in order to immobilise at least the last windings of the sawing wire to the coil. This area can be a dot of adhesive around the free sawing wire end. Or this area can be a band from one end of the coil to the other end. Or this area can be a circumferential band around the outer winding layers. Or this area can be helicoidally present on the outer layer. Just the outer layers can be coated with adhesive or all layers throughout the coil can be treated with adhesive. The adhesive must hold the wire sufficiently strong to prevent wire winding movement during packing, transport, mounting and use of the sawing wire coil, but should not disturb smooth unwinding. Therefore clear limits of the amount of adhesive present are defined.
Patent TW-201246963-A (TW)
Title: Human-environment interactive system and portable device using the same
Inventor: KUO CHUNG-HSIEN
IPC: G08C17/02
Filed: 2011-05-05
Abstract: A human-environment interactive system and a portable device using the same are provided. The human-environment interactive system includes a ubiquitous computing system, at least one home-equipment, and the portable device. The portable device is suitable for two-way communication with the portable device, and which includes a RF transceiver, a browser, and a controller. While the portable device into a space environment, the controller receives a set of situational information actively from the human-environment interactive system through the RF transceiver. And the situational information includes a status information of the at least one home-equipment, and a real time position information of the portable device. The controller will display this set of situational information in the browser for a user to perceive the surrounding environment changes, then the user can operate the at least one home-equipment from the browser.
Patent TW-201244765-A (TW)
Title: Bi-lumen tip and uses thereof
Inventor: DAI LIEN-GUO
IPC: A61M3/00
Filed: 2011-05-09
Abstract: An improved suction-irrigation system having an improved bi-lumen tip respectively coupled to a suction unit and an irrigation unit for removing unwanted materials from a body cavity and delivering fluids thereto is provided. The bi-lumen tip has a perforated end for inserting the bi-lumen tip into the body cavity and a non-perforated end for coupling the bi-lumen tip to the suction unit and the fluid delivery unit. The bi-lumen tip includes a drainage lumen and an irrigation lumen, arranged in parallel and share a common lumen wall within the bi-lumen tip. The drainage lumen is coupled to the suction unit, and has a first plurality of perforations on its surface for the removal of the unwanted materials. The irrigation lumen is coupled to the fluid delivery unit via optionally connecting through an adapter, and has a second plurality of perforations for delivering the at least one fluid to the body cavity. The respective first and second plurality of perforations of the drainage lumen and the irrigation lumen are disposed along part of the surface of the perforated end of the bi-lumen tip.
Patent TW-201201702-A (TW)
Title: Solid milk, and the method of manufacturing thereof
Inventor: SHIBATA MITSHUHO
IPC: A23C9/16
Filed: 2011-06-08
Abstract: The object of invention is to provide solid milk with favorable solubility and enough strength and the method of manufacturing the solid milk. The solid milk of the invention has X-ray diffraction pattern of its surface area that has a main peak of 2theta= 10-15 degrees at 2theta = 10-11 degrees or at 2theta = 12-13 degrees. A method for the manufacture of solid milk comprises compressing powdered milk to obtain compressed powdered milk; humidifying the compressed powdered milk to obtain humidified compressed powdered milk; and drying the humidified compressed powdered milk to obtain the solid milk. A part of amorphous lactose at the surface of the solid milk 12 is crystallized at the steps of humidifying step and drying.
Patent TW-201220879-A (TW)
Title: Data distribution system and method thereof
Inventor: WANG CHIA-CHIN
IPC: H04W4/02
Filed: 2011-06-09
Abstract: A data distribution system includes a processor, a storage device, a display device and a network coupling device. The display device displays information of the digital data or relevant web resources regarding location-based services. The network coupling device allows at least one external device to couple to the processor to access the digital data or relevant web resources. Consequently, the data distribution system is able to inform the user availability of location-based services and allows user to access or interact with location-based services.
Patent TW-201238888-A (TW)
Title: Ozone gases supply system
Inventor: NISHIMURA SHINICHI
IPC: G05B19/18
Filed: 2011-06-13
Abstract: One of the purposes of the present invention is to obtain an ozone gases supply system, embarked on the surface coating of electrical discharge for the nitrogen-less ozone generator producing photocatalyst of the ozone while supplying highly reliable ozone gases to the ozone processing device. Then, the present invention especially sets means of removing moisture of raw gas in the raw gas supply section to reduce moisture content of the raw gas supplied to the ozone gases processing device, receiving a plurality of ozone gases outputs from a plurality of nitrogen-less ozone generating units. By switching a plurality of built-in ozone gases control valves, the ozone gases supply system according to the present invention optionally outputs single or plural ozone gases output(s) to anyone of the ozone processing devices, having a management unit of output flow of the ozone gases able to control output flow of the ozone gases.
Patent TW-201204378-A (TW)
Title: Sustained-release formulation
Inventor: FUTO TOMOMICHI
IPC: A61K38/08
Filed: 2011-06-23
Abstract: The present invention relates to a sustained-release formulation comprising a metastin derivative and a lactic polymer having a weight average molecular weight of about 5, 000 to about 40, 000 or a salt thereof. The sustained-release formulation of the present invention slowly and stably releases compound (I) or a salt thereof over a long period of time and exerts medicinal effects of compound (I) or a salt thereof over a long period of time. Furthermore, the sustained-release formulation of the present invention, which improves patient's convenience by reducing frequency of administration, is an excellent formulation as a clinical medicine.