baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20000039232-A (KR)
Title: Method for controlling linear expansion valve for multi type air conditioner
Inventor: YUN CHANG KWON
IPC: F24F11/00
Filed: 1998-12-11
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for controlling a linear expansion valve for a multi-type air conditioner is provided to control a flow amount of refrigerant by a microcomputer according to an external condition by applying a linear expansion valve, thereby achieving effective operation of an air conditioner without overload. CONSTITUTION: A method for controlling a linear expansion valve for a multi-type air conditioner includes the steps of sensing whether a current operation condition is a normal operation condition or an overload condition when an operation is initiated, controlling an initial opening amount of a linear expansion valve according to the sensing result, reducing the opening amount of the linear expansion valve gradually for a preset time period after controlling the initial opening amount, controlling an input pulse by sensing an external temperature, a number of operating indoor units and an operation capacity of the operating indoor units when respective pulse numbers are reduced to a preset value in the normal operation and overload conditions, and increasing or decreasing input pulse of the linear expansion valve after checking an evaporation temperature, a room temperature and an opening amount of the linear expansion valve for a predetermined time interval.
Patent KR-20000040283-A (KR)
Title: Method for assigning identification number of url using hashing function
Inventor: KIM HYUNG GEUN
IPC: H04L12/28
Filed: 1998-12-17
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for assigning an identification number of a URL(Uniform Resource Locator) using a hashing function is provided to assign an identification number to a web address as variable length data by using hashing. CONSTITUTION: A method for assigning an identification number of a URL using a hashing function comprises the following steps. An identification number of a fixed length for inputting variable length data is requested to process URL as data about a variable length. A hashing value of the fixed length is obtained by using a hashing function for mapping the input variable length data to a hashing space as a number space. The hashing value of the fixed length is assigned as the identification number.
Patent KR-19990063204-A (KR)
Title: 고순도 과산화수소 수용액의 제조 방법
IPC: B01J47/02
Filed: 1998-12-18
Abstract: 증류·정제된 과산화수소 수용액을, 액공간 속도 15∼60 hr -1 , 온도 -5 ℃∼15 ℃의 조건 하에서, 플루오르 수지로 이루어진 내벽과 정류 부재를 갖는 이온 교환탑에 충전된, 가교도 10% 이상의 강산성 양이온 교환 수지, 및 중탄산염 또는 탄산염 타입의 강염기성 음이온 교환 수지와 접촉시키는 것으로 이루어진 고순도 과산화수소 수용액의 제조 방법을 제공한다.
Patent KR-20000040764-A (KR)
Title: Method of forming multilayer gate electrode of semiconductor device
Inventor: HONG SEOK WOO
IPC: H01L21/28
Filed: 1998-12-19
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method of forming multilayer gate electrode of a semiconductor device is provided to prevent a generation of void within polysilicon layers for the heat treatment process after patterning the multilayer gate electrode. CONSTITUTION: A method comprises the steps of: dividing a substrate(100) into activated and inactivated parts by a field oxide layer(102); forming a gate insulation film(104), a polysilicon layer(106), and a first insulation film(108) on the semiconductor substrate(102); etching the first insulation film(108) with CMP(chemical mechanical polishing) so as to leaving the first insulation film on the active region only; forming a metal silicide layer on the resultant; and forming the multilayer gate electrode and polysilicon layer sequentially after etching the first insulation film(108). Thereby, it is possible to suppress a reaction between the metal silicide layer and the polysilicon layer, for the later heat treatment process, and to prevent a generation of the void within the polysilicon layer.
Patent KR-20000046913-A (KR)
Title: Device to embody moving image
Inventor: RU YONG HYUN
IPC: G09F11/00
Filed: 1998-12-31
Abstract: PURPOSE: A device to embody a moving image is provided which can make the passenger of the subway enjoyed, can advertise of the products, and can inform the company or the self-governing body publicly CONSTITUTION: A device to embody a moving image is characterized as follows: the observer can see the consecutive moving image with moving by a body to include a picture board having lots of a seeing-through hole(21) to make the picture seen in the front part of an each frame(20) and a guide rail(22) to make a picture board(30) installed inside of the back part of the a body to include a picture board and having a plate to attach stopped picture(32) and a roller(31) to make the same moved following the guide rail(22) pushed and pulled out easily.
Patent KR-19990071850-A (KR)
IPC: B65C1/02
Filed: 1996-12-02
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/DE96/02308 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 2, 1998 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 2, 1998 PCT Filed Dec. 2, 1996 PCT Pub. No. WO97/20739 PCT Pub. Date Jun. 12, 1997A device for preparing and applying labels and a method of operating said device is provided. The device includes three parts: a roller transport track, a label dispenser and a label manipulator. The latter can pick up a label deposited by the label dispenser on the roller transport track and stick it at a predetermined point onto an object arranged in any desired way in a three-dimensional space.
Patent KR-19990077216-A (KR)
Title: 적외 데이터결합 호환시스템의 처리 지원 프로토콜
IPC: H04B10/114
Filed: 1997-01-15
Abstract: 매체적 의미를 갖는 각종 IR 송수신기 장치들을 수용하도록 IrLAP 사양의 MAC 규칙을 적응시키기 위한 방법 및 수단은, LSAP를 링크 서비스 엑세스 포인트(Link Service Access Point)라고 할 때, 
     IR 프로토콜(IR Protocol)                      OSI 모델 
     처리 서비스 
     계층들(Layers) 
     3. 링크 관리 프로토콜                                  네트워크 
     비접속 LSAP; 
     LMP                         비접속 데이터. 
     2. 링크 엑세스 프로토콜                                데이터 링크 
     비접속 데이터; 
     LAP                     프레이밍: Rx & Tx; 
     MAC. 
     1. 접속성                                              물리적 
     IrDA-SIR. 
     을 포함하는 일련의 계층들을 구비한 IrDA 프로토콜 스택을 사용한다. 이러한 종류의 프로토콜 스택은 튜너에 대한 피드백(feedback)을 갖는 원격 조정기와 같은 매우 다양한 장치들에 사용될 수 있고, 예를들어 호출기의 수신번호 알림과 같이 요청에 의한 데이터 처리에 사용될 수 있으며, 휴대용 GPS 위치변경 알림 및 의료 시스템들과 같은 데이터 획득 시스템들(data acquisition systems)에 사용할 수 있다. 본 발명을 구현하기 위한 다양한 방법들은: 비접속 데이터 서비스들의 사용; XID 프레임들의 사용; 또는 독점적(proprietary) 또는 개방적(open) 객체 정의의 사용을 포함하며, OBEX 객체정의들을 흡수하는 것과 함께 IrDA 사양에 이미 존재하는 비접속 데이터 서비스들을 사용하는 것이 바람직하다. 구현에 있어서는 기존 시스템들의 변경을 요하지 않으며, 개방적 서비스 사양이 각기 다른 공급자들(vendor)로부터 시스템들 사이의 접속을 확실히 한다.
Patent KR-20000010871-A (KR)
Title: Birefringence measuring device and method in optical data carrier
Inventor: BERGSTROM HAKAN
IPC: G11B7/26
Filed: 1997-05-06
Abstract: PURPOSE: A birefringence measuring system is provided to measure an internal notch-mark for assuring high measuring correctiveness in a low birefringence value and a high birefringence value in spite of environmental variation. CONSTITUTION: The system comprises a transparent reference element having well-known birefringence characteristics, a mirror arranged around a light data carrier and the reference element, and a pointer for pointing toward the reference element and the mirror and toward the light data carrier during non-correction time. The carrier includes a laser light source having a polar converter, a beam splitter, a polarizer, a light detector, and a controller coupled to the light detector on operation.
Patent KR-20000011113-A (KR)
Title: By-pass graft
Inventor: SOLEM JAN OTTO
IPC: A61F2/958
Filed: 1997-05-16
Abstract: PURPOSE: The aim is to enable a by-pass graft of coronary vessels without temporary needed internal blocking, preferably without using heart-lung machine. It is possible to carry out by-pass operation while heart beating, preferably with using endoscopy, with the branching device. CONSTITUTION: A branching device for a blood vessel has a sleeve(10), which is radially extensible and has an opening(12) in its circumferential surface, and a collar(11) consisting of a fluid-tight material and fixed to the sleeve before the branching device is used. The collar has on the one hand a shoulder portion(13), which extends at least around the opening in the circumferential surface of the sleeve, and on the other hand, a neck portion(14) integral with the shoulder portion and projecting radially from the opening in the circumferential surface of the sleeve.
Patent KR-20000034777-A (KR)
Title: Submerged motor pump
Inventor: NAKAMURA TERUO
IPC: F04D29/047
Filed: 1997-06-06
Abstract: PURPOSE: A submerged motor pump is provided which has an auxiliary bearing assembly for supporting a rotatable main shaft when the submerged motor pump operates in a transient condition CONSTITUTION: A submerged motor pump(4) has an auxiliary bearing assembly(19,20) for supporting a rotatable main shaft(9) when the submerged motor pump is not in an operating condition or operates in a transient condition. The submerged motor pump includes a pump casing(6), at least one impeller(12), a motor(10,11), and a thrust balancing mechanism(15) for balancing thrust forces. The submerged motor pump further includes hydrostatic bearing s(16,17,18) for supporting the main shaft at axially spaced locations by a pressurized fluid pumped by the submerged motor pump. The auxiliary bearing assembly(19,20) has tapered support surfaces (FL,FU) for supporting the main shaft at the axially spaced locations.
Patent KR-20000022308-A (KR)
Title: Method and device for protecting flash memory
Inventor: MATTISON PHILLIP E
IPC: G06F1/00
Filed: 1997-06-25
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method and a device for protecting a flash memory are provided to prevent the flash memory from being changed in a mistake or without approval and do not need additional hardware suitable for the device to be protected. CONSTITUTION: A computer system has a processor(102), a system memory(106), a flash memory(108)and a memory controller(104). The flash memory upgrade program containing a new flash memory image and a digital signature is loaded into a portion of the system memory. And, the memory controller is configured to limit the processor for accessing only the flash memory and the portion of the system memory. The flash memory update program is verified using the digital signature. And then, the flash memory is updated only if the flash memory upgrade program is authentic.
Patent KR-20000051590-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM JIN CHOL
IPC: A01K77/00
Filed: 1999-01-23
Abstract: PURPOSE: A fishing net is provided. CONSTITUTION: A fishing net comprises a net frame (10) which comprises a triangular frame formed by frame members (11, 12a, 12b) and a binding part (13) connected with a rod body (30) by screw; and a net (20), wherein the binding part (13) comprises a bolt part (13a) which is bound to the nut sieve (31) by screw and a binding sphere (13b) which is bound to the bolt part (13a). The bolt part (13a) is provided in the short part in one side of the frame members (12a) and the binding sphere (13b) is provided in the short part in the other side of the frame members (12a).
Patent KR-20000055335-A (KR)
Inventor: LIM JAE HUN
IPC: F25D29/00
Filed: 1999-02-05
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for controlling an inverter refrigerator is provided to attenuate noises and vibration by controlling the torques of a compressor. CONSTITUTION: A control unit(60) converts a driving method of a compressor if the torques of a compressor motor(40) reaches a reference torques. The compressor is operated by a rotor position data obtained by the signal inputted from a counter electromotive force sensing unit(50). The torques are maintained in the reference torques. If the operation hours of the compressor reaches to a reference time, the control unit decides that a conversion of a driving method is performed normally. The torques of the compressor is accelerated to a certain level for the supply of oil. After the increase of the torques, the increased torques is maintained to supply oil. After the supply of oil, the control unit actuates the compressor in a predetermined torques.
Patent KR-20000055520-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE YONG CHEOL
IPC: G11B20/10
Filed: 1999-02-08
Abstract: PURPOSE: A CDP(Compact Disk Player) having an MP3(Motion Picture expert group1 layer3) module and a method for controlling thereof are to provide an CDP provided with an MP3 module capable of playing both audio CD file and MP3 file. CONSTITUTION: A car audio CDP(100) having an MP3 module(200) is comprised of an input/output interface(110), a digital signal processor(130), a first multiplexor(140), an audio D/A converter(150), a second multiplexor(180), a CDP microcomputer(120), etc. The MP3 module(200) consists of an MP3 signal processor(220), an MP3 memory(240), an MP3 decoder(250) and an MP3 microcomputer(210). The MP3 signal processor(220) descrambles MP3 data recorded in a CD, and detects and corrects an error comprised in the MP3 data. The MP3 memory(240) carries out intermediate buffering for the descrambled data or buffering for the MP3 data to be decoded. The MP3 decoder(250) decodes the MP3 data into pulse code modulation data. The MP3 microcomputer(210) controls each function for MP3 data regeneration.
Patent KR-20000022594-A (KR)
Inventor: AHN GI HYEOK
IPC: H04L29/02
Filed: 1999-03-15
Abstract: PURPOSE: A BRI(basic rate interface) U-interface circuit in exchange system and method thereof are provided to simplify the circuit structure in designing back plain and implement high speed data transmission by connecting an SA(serial communication)-BUS stably performing U-interface and PCM sub-highway interface between a control board and plural BRI boards. CONSTITUTION: A BRI U-interface circuit in exchange system comprises plural BRIboards(60) performing digital rate interface, a control board(50), and an SA-BUS(70). The control board controls the operation mode of the BRI board by using time divided control data. The SA-BUS is connected between the control board and the BRI board, and presents the data transmission path independent to the plural BRI boards.
Patent KR-20000061020-A (KR)
Inventor: PARK NO SANG
IPC: H04L12/28
Filed: 1999-03-23
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for controlling a state of a network management system in real time using a web is provided for sharing a system using an internet web by all users who use a network management system and controlling a state of the system in real time. CONSTITUTION: When a client(100) connects with a web server(200) by driving a web browser(S100), a state information of a NMS(300) is requested to the web server(200) using HTML document so that the client(100) is connected with an information of the NMS(300)(S200). Thereafter, the web server(200) is driven, and the HTML document transferred from the client(100) is parsed to correspond with a CGI syntax and transmits a state related parameter and a client related information to the NMS(300)(S300).
Patent KR-20000065498-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM YEONG HO
IPC: B66F17/00
Filed: 1999-04-06
Abstract: PURPOSE: A checking chain block device is provided to safely work without a danger of an accident through a perfect check. CONSTITUTION: A checking a chain block device(100) is acted and a hydraulic pressure designated by a hydraulic cylinder is continuously acted. A hand wheel(73) is rotated by a motor(70) and a decelerator(71) so that a hand chain(66) is continuously rotated. A rod chain(59) connected to the hydraulic cylinder draws out a rod(57') of the hydraulic cylinder while pulled. When a slip occurs due to the abnormality of each component of the chain block(53), the rod chain does not pull the hydraulic cylinder. Thus, the abnormality is easily confirmed through a gauge.
Patent KR-19990083013-A (KR)
Title: 액정표시장치
IPC: G02F1/1335
Filed: 1999-04-07
Abstract: 본 발명은 액정표시장치에 관한 것으로, 특히 시각변화에 의한 콘트라스트비, 투과광의 휘도 및 색조의 변화가 적은 시각 특성이 우수한 액정표시장치에 관한 것이다. 
     본 발명은 액정층(LC)를 사이에 두고 배치된 한쌍의 기판(SUB1, SUB2)을 포함하고, 상기 한 쌍의 기판 중 적어도 한쪽이 화소선택용 전극(DTM)을 구비한 액정패널과, 상기 전극에 전압을 가함으로써 액정분자의 배향상태에 따라 투과광을 제어하도록 액정패널의 양면에 배치된 편광판(POL1, POL2)와, 상기 액정패널을 조명하는 조명광원(BL)과, 상기 전극에 표시신호에 따라 전압을 공급하는 구동회로와, 콘트라스트 또는 휘도가 최대인 방향이 상하방향이 되고, 시각특성이 좌우방향으로 대칭이 되도록 상기 한쌍의 기판(SUB1, SBU2)의 한쪽 외면에 형성된 복굴절매체시트(PDS)를 구비하고, 상기 액정층(LC)는 사용상태에서 상하방향 및 좌우방향으로 액정패널의 투과율이 비대칭적인 시각의존성을 갖고, 콘트라스트 또는 휘도가 최대인 방향이 상하방향 및 좌우방향 중 어느 방향과도 다른 방향이 되도록 배향처리함으로써, 투과율의 저하를 억제함과 동시에 시각특성이 뛰어난 액정표시장치를 제시하고 있다.
Patent KR-20000067190-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus for producing metal powder
Inventor: CHO YOUNG KWAN
IPC: B22F9/08
Filed: 1999-04-20
Abstract: PURPOSE: An apparatus for producing metal powder is provided to prevent metal powder from oxidizing by using heated CO2 and to produce a large amount of metal powder by continuous spraying into cold CO2 gas in a cylinder. CONSTITUTION: To produce metal powder with Sn and Pb, heated CO2 gas of about 50kg/cm¬2 is used to prevent the metal powder from oxidizing. The heated CO2 gas is spayed into a cylinder through sprayers(A) on the four sides of a large cylinder(B). Metal powder loses heat by cold air from a freezer and falls down. The rest is cooled completely through a branch pipe(F) and collected in a pipe(G). Finally, the metal powder including the CO2 gas flows into a funnel(H) to be soluble in a thin glycerine solution.
Patent KR-19990088420-A (KR)
Title: 화상처리방법,화상처리장치및화상형성장치
IPC: H04N1/405
Filed: 1999-05-20
Abstract: 화상 신호 보정부에서 256계조의 입력 화상 신호 Din에 화상 보정 신호 Ecd를 가산하여 보정 화상 신호 Din을 얻고, 이 보정 화상 신호 Din에 8치화 변환하여 8계조의 화상 신호 Dout를 출력하는 다치 오차 확산 처리에 있어서, 복수의 8치화 테이블과 이 각 8치화 테이블로부터 변환에 사용하는 8치화 테이블을 랜덤으로 선택하는 전환 수단을 설치한다.  그리고, 입력되는 보정 화상 신호의 화소마다 전환 수단을 바꾸어 동작한다.
Patent KR-20000028576-A (KR)
Inventor: AKITA TAMIJI
IPC: G11C17/18
Filed: 1999-05-21
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method and a circuit for determining redundancy of semiconductor memory device are provided to prevent wrong determination while cutting the fuse without causing the increase of power consumption and circuit area. CONSTITUTION: A switching component(Tr) and a fuse(14) are connected in series between a power source(V1) in high in high electric potential side and a power source(V2) in low electric potential side. The switching component(Tr) conducts to a control signal outputted from a driving circuit(11). The electric potential of an electric potential detection node(N) between the switching component(Tr) and the fuse(14) is latched by a hold circuit(17). The fuse(14) and a load circuit(13) are connected in series between a power source in the side that the switching component(Tr) is not connected to and the electric potential detection node(N).
Patent KR-20000047410-A (KR)
Title: Probe unit
Inventor: OKUNO TOSHIO
IPC: G09G3/00
Filed: 1999-06-03
Abstract: PURPOSE: A probe unit is provided to contact evenly with a corresponding electrode pad and not to separate between a lead tip terminal and a sheet end edge. CONSTITUTION: A probe unit has a large number of elongate leads(2) arranged in array and extended longitudinally on a surface of an insulative sheet(1) having flexible properties. The lead(2) are grown by plating on the insulative sheet(1) through the known additive process. Entire surfaces of lead embedding layers(7), on the other side of the insulative sheet(1) are polished so that they are flush with each other. Surfaces of the tip portions of the leads(2) and insulative material(6) between the adjacent leads(2) on the other side of the insulative sheet(1) are polished so that they are flush with each other. Slots(8) having a smaller width than grooves(5) are formed by laser beam, in the insulative sheet portion between the tip portions of the leads(2) and the insulative material portion between the adjacent leads(2). Tip terminals(2a) of the respective leads(2) and tip terminals(6a) of the insulative material(6) are polished until they exhibit identical slanted surfaces(2b,6b) and the terminals(2a,6a) are made uniform in height(H2) in the direction of their thickness.
Patent KR-19990068596-A (KR)
Filed: 1999-06-04
Abstract: 경비 시스템의 작동여부를 최종 확인하는 데 따른 시간 낭비를 절감하고, 비상시 경비업체에 상황신호를 자동으로 전송하므로써 경비 시스템의 효율을 극대화할 수 있는 가정용 경비 시스템 및 그 방법이 개시된다. 제어부는 사용자에 의해 기설정된 경비개시 예약신호가 입력되는지에 의거하여 경비개시 예약모드를 수행하고, 그리고 상기 사용자에 의해 기설정된 경비개시 확인신호가 입력되는지에 의거하여 경비모드를 수행한다. 따라서, 보안기능의 지연시간내에 출입구를 빠져나가기 위해 조급하게 서두른다거나 보안기능의 지연시간을 지나치게 길게 설정하는데 따라 보안기능이 정상적으로 작동되고 있는지를 확인하기 위하여 출입구 앞에서 장시간 대기해야만 하는 시간의 낭비 등을 방지할 수 있다.
Patent KR-20010002096-A (KR)
Inventor: HWANG CHANG SEON
IPC: B60Q5/00
Filed: 1999-06-11
Abstract: PURPOSE: A complex-functional box is provided to integrate a party of control devices and protective devices into one electric circuit panel and to warn a malfunction of a driver, so the self-diagnosis is eased and the safety is improved. CONSTITUTION: A complex-functional box for a vehicle comprises: a rectangular rack(11) to form a connecting hole(16) for mounting each relay(13) and fuses(14); an electric circuit panel to be mounted on the lower part of the rack in order to arrange properly the small fuse, the big fuse(14), and the relay and prevent a dust and moisture, wherein the small fuse, the big fuse, and the relay is inserted in order that the maintaining and repairing are possible, and the electric circuit panel has the self-diagnosis function.
Patent KR-20010002215-A (KR)
Inventor: JUNG SEUNG HO
IPC: G11C5/02
Filed: 1999-06-12
Abstract: PURPOSE: A semiconductor memory device is provided to supply stable electric-power without enlargement of area, and to reduce a contact resistance within the semiconductor memory device. CONSTITUTION: In a semiconductor memory device, 24 power lines(VBLR,VSSI,VPP,VPLT,VSSA, VDDCLP,VDL) are allocated on a memory array mat(128K Mat Array) and a sub-word-line driver(SWD). 30 power lines(VBLR,VSSI,VPP,VPLT,VSSA,VDDCLP,VDL) are allocated to be vertically crossed on an upper and lower directions in a sense amplifier(S/A). Contacts are formed between a cross point of the power lines(VDDCLP,VSSA,VSS,VDL) in the sub-word-line driver(SWD) and sense amplifier(S/A). Here, many power lines(VBLR,VSSI,VPP,VPLT,VSSA, VDDCLP,VDL) are crossed on the memory array mat(128K Mat Array) and contacts are formed between a cross point, so that stable electric-power is supplied.
Patent KR-20010002709-A (KR)
Inventor: HSIETA-HWA
IPC: C08G73/02
Filed: 1999-06-17
Abstract: PURPOSE: A waste water recirculating process for producing polyaniline resin power is provided to reduce environmental pollution and reduce production cost. CONSTITUTION: Aniline monomer, acid solution and oxidizing agent are fed into a reactor to polymerize the aniline monomer. Polyaniline resin powder is filtered from the acidic aqueous solution generated during the polymerization. The polyaniline resin power is neutralized and desiccated to obtain powder. The acidic aqueous solution is returned to the reactor and then mixed with another aniline monomer and oxidizing agent. Without cooling the reactor, aniline monomer is polymerized at room temperature in the presence of the returned acidic aqueous solution.
Patent KR-20000058229-A (KR)
Title: Golf course reservation system
Inventor: SUNG SANG YONG
IPC: G06Q10/02
Filed: 1999-06-18
Abstract: PURPOSE: A golf course reservation system is provided so that a user can select a golf course easily by displaying which golf course and time is available among plural golf courses and dates. CONSTITUTION: The golf course reservation system includes several devices such as a central host(10), a manager's computer(20) and a plurality of golf course manager's computers(32). The host(10) is connected to internet by a private line, has a database stored information on reservations and members in the plural golf courses(30) and provides on-line reservation service to the users. The manager's computer(20) performs management functions of various data of the reservation system. The golf course manager's computers(32) are mounted to a plurality of golf courses(30), respectively and it is used to identify information on reservation of the golf course, belonging to the user. Preferably, the manger's computer(20) and the golf course manager's computer(32) are connected to the central host(10) through the internet by a modem connection or the private line.