Patent GB-882361-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to control means for nuclear reactors
Inventor: CAMAC GEORGE
IPC: G21C7/08
Filed: 1958-11-14
Abstract: 882,361. Nuclear reactors. A.E.I.-J. THOMPSON NUCLEAR ENERGY CO. Ltd. Nov. 6, 1959 [Nov. 14, 1958; July 30, 1959], Nos. 36803/58 and 26198/59. Class 39(4) Apparatus for shutting down a nuclear reactor comprises a reservoir containing neutron absorbent material in a form having fluid properties located above the core of the reactor, ducting leading from the reservoir and extending within the core, means for allowing the neutron absorbent material to pass into the ducting within the core on the receipt of an operating signal, and means for subsequently removing the material from the core. In the apparatus shown in Fig. 2 a lower tube 22 is normally located within the reactor core and is retractable into an upper tube 21 located above the core; the upper end of tube 21 is joined to a duct 25 enclosing a hopper 26 resiliently supported from the top plate of the duct. The bottom of the hopper is closed by a plate 31 movable by a rod 33 which extends upward through the hopper and is attached at its upper end to a weight 34. The hopper contains a large number of balls 30 which are preferably of stainless steel containing boron and are about <SP>5</SP>/ 8  in. diameter; alternatively the balls may be of glass containing boron or may be in the form of sand. The weight 34 is of magnetic material and is normally supported by an electromagnet 52, soft iron blocks 56, 57 supported by bellows 58, 59 being interposed between the polepieces of the magnet and the weight. The bellows 58, 59 are connected to the gas coolant within the reactor and will collapse if the pressure drops, thus allowing the weight to fall. The blocks 56, 57 can alternatively be moved by a mechanical trip or the supply to the electromagnet can be tripped in response to relative movement between the stand pipe and the diagrid, pressure of the gas coolant outside the core, overheating of a fuel element, or a fault in the electrical circuit. When the weight falls, the plate 31 moves to open the hopper and allow the balls to fall down tubes 21, 22 and stop the reactor, and the weight falling on the top of the hopper vibrates it and helps to dislodge the balls. The shock of the falling balls is absorbed by a piston 41 at the lower end of the tube 22. For recovering the balls the tube 22 may be retracted within tube 21 by means of a chain 43 running over a pulley which can be rotated by means located in a machine (not shown) on the charging floor of the reactor. The whole apparatus may then be withdrawn from the reactor by the machine and gas under pressure may be forced into the lower end of tube 22 to push the balls up into the hopper again; alternatively the tube 22 may be raised until its lower end is above the hopper and an aperture in the bottom of the tube may be opened to drop the balls into the hopper. In another form of apparatus, Fig. 3, the upper and lower tubes 21, 22 are each replaced by two concentric tubes, of which the upper ones 71, 72 are shown. Above the tubes 71, 72 is a hopper 74 closed by a conical valve 75 operated by a weight 77 as before. When the weight drops the balls 30 fall into the annular channel between tubes 71, 72 and then into the similar annular channel of the lower tubes (not shown). The balls can be returned to the hopper by supplying high pressure gas through tube 78 to tube 72; the gas may be the same as that used for the reactor coolant and can exhaust back into the reactor. In a further arrangement, Fig. 6, boron shot 101 is contained in an annular reservoir formed between walls 102, 103 and closed by a valve member 104. The valve member is operated by an outer sleeve 106 connected to a lower support ring 108 formed with a flange on which rests a flange of member 104. When the outer sleeve 106 falls, flange 111 strikes the flange on member 104 and pushes it down to the position shown in dotted lines so that the shot can fall into the tube 116.