baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1107483-A (GB)
Title: Process for production from petroleum distillates of rich gases interchangeable with natural gases
Inventor: PADOVANI CARLO
IPC: C10K3/02
Filed: 1963-09-12
Abstract: In a cyclic catalytic process for making a gas interchangeable with natural gas by reacting steam with atomized and/or vaporized liquid hydrocarbons which contain up to 0.3% by weight sulphur, the catalyst is such as to (1) promote cracking reactions and direct them preferentially to the formation of methane and ethylene, (2) promote the reaction of cracked hydrocarbons with steam to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and (3) retain almost all the sulphur contained in the feed in the form of sulphides, which are oxidized to sulphur dioxide during the subsequent heating stage and removed with the combustion gases.  A suitable catalyst comprises a refractory oxide and/or silicate support (e.g. Al2O3, MgO, ZrO2) and two active metals, one (a) (e.g. Cr, Mn, W) for promoting cracking, and the other (b) (e.g. Ni, Co, Fe, Cu) for promoting steam reforming and retaining inorganic sulphur.  Optimum proportions of (a) to (b) are 1.5 to 1 to 3 to 1, and (a) plus (b) should equal from 1 to 10% by weight of the catalyst.  Preferred reaction conditions are:-Steam-hydrocarbon ratio 0.5:1 to 1.5:1 by weight; catalyst temperature 600 DEG  to 1100 DEG  C.; space velocity of 0.5 to 1.5 kg. of feed per litre of catalyst per hour.  The product gas should comprise: 20 to 30% H2, not more than 28% olefins, not less than 25% methane (percentages by volume).  This gas may be subjected to autohydrogenation at 70 DEG  to 200 DEG  C. over a suitable catalyst, e.g. one comprising an active metal (e.g. Cu, Ni, Co, Pt, Mo) on an active carbon or silica gel or diatomaceous earth support, to produce a gas consisting essentially of methane and saturated hydrocarbons. A comparative specific example is described.ALSO:A catalyst intended for use in gasifying liquid hydrocarbons, by a cyclic process, see Division C5, comprises a refractory oxide and/or silicate support, e.g. Al2O3, MgO, ZrO2, and two active metals, one, e.g. Cr, Mn, W, for promoting cracking, and the other, e.g. Ni, Co, Fe, Cu, for promoting steam reforming reactions, and for retaining inorganic sulphur (which is oxidised during the heating stages).  The metals should amount to 1% to 10% by weight of the catalyst, and the quantity of the cracking metal should be 1.5 to 3 times that of the reforming metal.  A specific catalyst comprises (% ages by weight):- 85.2 MgO, 5.6 Fe2O3, 3.2 SiO2, 4.5 Cr2O3, 1.5 Al2O3.  The product gas may be subjected to an autohydrogenation step, in which a catalyst comprising an active metal, e.g. Cu, Ni, Co, Pt, Mo, on a support such as active carbon, silica gel or diatomaceous earth is employed.
Patent GB-852448-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in bearing surfaces for clock, watch and like instrument components
Inventor: STRAUMANN REINHARD
IPC: G04B31/08
Filed: 1958-11-08
Abstract: 852,448. Bearings. INSTITUT Dr. ING. R. STRAUMANN A.G. Nov. 8, 1958, No. 35930/58. Addition to 828,159. Class 12 (1). The bearing described in the parent Specification is modified in that the bearing surface referred to as being of a metal forming no abrasive oxide is replaced by one of aluminium oxide capable of taking a high polish. The aluminium oxide surface may be formed on the bearing surface by first providing it with a layer of metallic aluminium and then anodically oxidizing the layer. Alternatively the surface may consist of a corundum layer or insert. The other bearing surface comprises a dry lubricating layer of a synthetic resin plastic material such as polyfluorocarbon or a polyamide and is formed on or applied to a hard base material such as corundum.
Patent GB-737656-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to method for gasification of subterranean carbonaceous deposits
IPC: E21B43/247
Filed: 1951-11-06
Abstract: 737,656. Underground gasification of carbonaceous deposits. STANOLIND OIL & GAS CO. Nov. 6, 1951 [Dec. 9, 1950], No. 25944/51. Class 55 (2). In an underground system of gasifying carbonaceous deposits two concentric series of wells 4 and 14 are arranged about a gas processing plant 2, gas permeable channels are formed between the two series of wells and a gas containing free oxygen is pumped into the outer wells 14 after ignition of the carbonaceous deposit and gaseous products are withdrawn from the inner wells 4. The wells 4 are spaced from about 50 to about 200 feet apart and the wells 14 are at a distance not substantially greater than 200 feet from the wells 4. The gases produced have a temperature of 1200-1400‹F. and are gathered by lines 16 to pass through steam generators and coolers 8 which cool the gases to about 100‹F. before it passes to the plant 2 where it may be prepared for use as a fuel gas or used in the synthesis of hydrocarbons. The plant 2 also comprises an oxygen plant and oxygen together with steam is supplied to the wells 14 by a ring main 10. The system may be extended when necessary by drilling other series of wells concentric with the wells 4 and 14 and further away from the plant 2, gas permeable channels being opened up between the new and old series of wells and the gas containing free oxygen injected into the new wells. The ratio of oxygen to steam is preferably in the ratio of about 1.5 to 3.0 (molecular volume basis) and the pressure of steam prior to injection is chosen to produce the required pressure of the gases produced, which may be of the order of 250-450 lbs. per sq. inch if the gases are to be used for synthesizing hydrocarbons. The coal between the wells may be fractured to provide gas permeable channels by injecting a low penetrating fluid, i.e. a liquid having a viscosity of between 30 centipoises and 2-5 poises, into one of a pair of bore holes and applying pressure either directly or indirectly by pumping another fluid into the hole on top of the liquid. A suitable liquid for use as the low penetrating fluid consists of a crude or refined oil to which 3-10 per cent of an aluminium soap has been added. Other substances which may be added to the oil are a colloid material, a high molecular weight olefin polymer, e.g. poly-propylene and substances such as blown asphalt or pitch.
Patent GB-511119-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in telephone subset
IPC: H04M1/02
Filed: 1938-12-09
Abstract: 511,119. Sets. STANDARD TELEPHONES & CABLES, Ltd. Dec. 9, 1938, No. 35970. Convention date, Dec. 24, 1937. [Class 40 (iv)] A telephone subset comprises a terminal block carrying a plurality of terminal connections, a plurality of individual subset components having terminals projecting from one end thereof, a plate on which the terminal block is secured and means for joining the said terminals of the components directly to the said terminal connections. The induction coil 35, ringer 36 and condenser 37 are clamped to a base member 1 and are provided with covers, preferably of non-conducting material, from which the terminals project. The terminal block 34, which is preferably moulded around the conductors and connectors, is secured to the base-plate 1 by screws 47, 48, 49. As shown in Fig. 12, a metal sheet is punched to form terminal members 38 ... 46, toothed connector members 58, 59, connecting rings 72, 73, conductors connected to the springs 23 and a conductor 66 provided with an enlarged portion 74 to which a stud 65, Fig. 8, is welded or soldered. The springs 23 of the switch assembly are welded to the ends 75 of the conductors, and after the teeth 58, 59 of the connector have been bent at right angles to the punched blank, the terminal block is moulded and the connecting portion 71 is sheared off. Each terminal connection of the block is connected to its associated terminal of the ringer, coil and condenser by a screw 62, Fig. 10, passing through the corresponding member 38 ... 46 and through the limbs of a U-shaped member 63 provided with a slot which engages a projection 64 formed on the terminal members. A strap 66<SP>1</SP> may connect the stud 65 to the terminal member 43 or, as shown in Fig. 13, the switch spring connected to the conductor 66 has an extension 67 forming a connection member similar to the members 38 ... 46 and connected by a strap 69 to the terminal member 43. The line and hand-set cords 80, 81 are connected to the block 34 by toothed connectors and clamping members 60 as described in Specification 504,422. The cradle 4 for the handset is rotatably mounted by a ring 6 on a bracket 2 welded to the base-plate 1 and may be rotated through 180 degrees from the position shown in Fig. 1 so that the subset may be used as a wall set or with the base-plate 1. secured to a vertical surface. The cradle 4 is held in its appropriate position by a spring plunger 10 engaging in one of the recesses 1l., 12 formed in the base of the cradle. The plunger 15 operated by the hand-set is formed with a conical end 21 engaging a roller 24 on the switch-operating arm 22. A spring closure cap 3 mounted between the bracket 2 and the cradle is retained by a cover 29 which is secured to the base-plate by a spring clip 31 and projection 30 and by a screw 32 engaging the bracket 2. The casing is formed with louvres 82, 83 and an aperture in which is mounted an apparatus. blank which may be replaced by a dialling mechanism.
Patent GB-841479-A (GB)
Title: Thrust-transmitting means
Inventor: SALTER FRANK SIDNEY
IPC: B30B15/00
Filed: 1955-12-16
Abstract: 841,479. Thrust bearings. LOEWY ENGINEERING CO. Ltd. Dec. 6, 1956 [Dec. 16, 1955; Oct. 23, 1956], Nos. 36161/55 and 32339/56. Class 12 (1). [Also in Group XXIX] A thrust bearing comprises in combination a self-aligning bearing having part-spherical engaging surfaces and an hydraulic thrust bearing which surrounds the self-aligning bearing. A thrust transmitting element b is located in a cylinder a at the lower end of which fluid under pressure is supplied through a port e. The fluid communicates, through a conduit i, with a chamber formed above the element band within a cup-shaped housing g attached to the member c which is supported. The selfaligning bearing comprises a pad located at the centre of the housing g and a pad k screwed into the top of the element b. The pad l is held in position by a bolt m. The top side surface of the element b is outwardly curved for self-aligning engagement with the wall of the housing g. Fluid-tight sealing means f 1 , g 1  are provided. The hydraulic fluid may be water or oil.
Patent GB-322346-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the manufacture of metal windows
IPC: E06B3/68
Filed: 1928-12-07
Abstract: 322,346. Hope &. Sons, Ltd., H., and Sainsbury, G. W. Dec. 7, 1928 Windows.- In the manufacture of windows made up of a frame and cross bars the various members cut slightly overlength as usual are sized finally and secured together by electrical fusion. For example, the cross bars a are first assembled and held in a suitable jig and the side members bare moved inwards whilst an electric current is flowing between them and the cross bars until the side members are in correct position, a small amount of metal being fused off the ends of the cross bars and the junctions effected during this operation. The ends c are then secured in similar manner. The frame may be made completely before assembling the cross bars in position therein, and the frame members or cross bars slightly bowed to permit insertion of the cross bars into the frame; the excess length of the cross bars is then fused away by the electric current and the bowed members straightened.
Patent GB-760205-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the methods for producing threads of a woolly character and threads obtained through said methods
IPC: D02G1/02
Filed: 1954-12-14
Abstract: Thermoplastic artificial threads, particularly of superpolyamides, are given a woolly curly handle by first twisting the threads and subjecting them to a swelling treatment, then untwisting and reverse twisting, followed by a period of rest, and finally re-twisting to near the zero twist point.  The swelling treatment may be carried out before, during, or preferably after the first twisting, and the threads are then preferably washed and dried.  The first twisting is between 800 and 4,000 turns per metre, and may be carried out in two stages with an intermediate swelling treatment.  The swelling agent should preferably be soluble in water; suitable swelling agents are phenolic products such as phenol, cresol, xylenol, naphthols and polyphenols, or formic acid, lactic acid, thioglycolic acid, or certain alcohols such as dibromopropanol and phenylethylic alcohol. Swelling agents dissolved in an organic solvent may also be used. The untwisting and reverse twisting should leave the thread with a reverse twist of 300-1,000 turns per metre.  The rest period which follows is for 24-48 hours at room temperature, or longer. The final re-twisting to near the zero twist point should leave the thread with a small residual twist of 50-200 turns per metre. In an example, a superpolyamidic thread of 45 denier is twisted to 2,800 turns per metre and immersed for 90 minutes in an aqueous solution of phenol at 60 DEG  C. containing 2 per cent crystalline phenol, the threads then being rinsed, drained for 4 hours and dried with hot air.  The threads are then untwisted by 3,200 turns per metre, i.e. to give a reverse twist of 400 turns per metre, and allowed to rest for 24 hours.  The threads are finally re-twisted to remove all but 50 turns per metre of the reverse twist.  The resultant thread is soft and woolly, shrink-resisting and does not kink.
Patent GB-442181-A (GB)
Title: Improved method of making reflex copies
IPC: G03C5/10
Filed: 1934-12-18
Abstract: 442,181. Photographic reflex copying processes. NAAMLOOZE VENNOOTSCHAP CHEMISCHE FABRIEK L. VAN DER GRINTEN, Venlo, Limburg, Holland. Dec. 18, 1934, No. 36307. Convention date, Dec. 19, 1933. Drawings to Specification. [Class 98 (ii)] Photographic copies are made by passing light which has been subdivided into small regions of greater or less actinic intensity through a sensitized sheet covering the original, the sensitized sheet containing a sensitive layer exhibiting a high coefficient of directed propagation for the image-forming rays for at least a considerable part of the required light, and being selected from the group consisting of Lippman emulsion layer, cyanotype layer, sensitive iron salt layer, developable by means of gallic acid and chromate layers including dichromate layers that bleach to a colourless substance. A yellow filter may be employed during exposure. A suitable covering screen for subdivision of the light comprises a line screen made in a thin layer of silver applied on a glass plate or a lenticular covering screen may be employed. A sensitized sheet may comprise a surface saponified acetylcellulose sheet impregnated with a solution of ferric ammonium citrate and potassium ferricyanide and matted on the rear. Another sensitized sheet comprises a celluloid sheet coated with gelatine impregnated with ferric sulphate, ferric chloride and tartaric acid and developed with gallic acid and oxalic acid. The layer is after-treated with formaldehyde solution. Another sensitized sheet comprises a surface saponified acetylcellulose sheet impregnated with a solution of potassium dichromate and phosphoric acid, which is developed with aniline vapour or a solution of aniline in hydrochloric acid.
Patent GB-390782-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in, and relating to, machines for graining lithographic plates
IPC: B41N3/04
Filed: 1932-12-22
Abstract: 390,782. Graining lithographic plates. BECKETT, C. A., 138, Ella Street, Hull. Dec. 22, 1932, No. 36315. Convention date, April 23. [Class 60.] A machine for graining lithographic plates consists of a trough 5 supported by balls 4 on a frame 2 and gyrated by crank-shafts 32 driven through bevel gearing 34, 35, from a shaft 27. Within the trough is a false bottom 6 pivoted at 7 and adapted to receive the plates to be grained, the bottom 6 being tilted about its pivots, during gyration of the trough, to discharge the graining marbles &c., grit, and water into a container 18 by means of a lift rod 37 connected to a lever 39 on a spindle 40 operated by a hand-lever 38. The container 18 is supported, within a well 22, by a swing mounting 17 carried by a pedestal 16 secured to the frame 2, and is moved to a position, shown in dotted lines, to discharge the marbles &c. into the trough for operating on a plate by means of a worm 20 engaging a worm sector 19 on the mounting 17. The container has hinged thereto a flap 24, which normally lies over the mouth of the container, but falls to a position limited by hooks 25 to allow the marbles &c. to leave the container when this reaches the dotted line position. When the marbles &c., are to be discharged into the container the flap 24 is moved, after releasing the hooks by operation of a hand-wheel 26, to a position wherein it may be engaged by a drop plate 9 hinged at 10 to the front of the false bottom and held closed by a lever 12 and catch 13 during operation of the machine, but lowered as shown in Fig. 1 during discharge of the marbles &c. The container is perforated to allow washing of the marbles etc.; the well 22 may be separate from the machine and mounted on wheels.
Patent GB-1406253-A (GB)
Title: Semiconductor assembly
IPC: H01L23/16
Filed: 1972-08-03
Abstract: 1406253 Semiconductor devices LUCERNE PRODUCTS Inc 3 Aug 1972 [5 Aug 1971] 36319/72 Heading H1K A semiconductor assembly comprises a semiconductor device 10, Fig. 6, having two parallel faces and at least one electrode on at least one of the faces, a headed lead, 34, 36, for the electrode or at least one of the electrodes, a body 22, at least partly of ceramic material and formed with a recess 24 and a bore 30, 32 for each lead 34, 36 communicating with the recess, a rigid retaining member 40 and a settable compound, e.g. the encapsulant 50, for securing the retaining member 40 to the body 22; wherein the assembly is put together by inserting each lead through its respective bore so that its head rests against the face of the recess, placing the semiconductor device in the recess so that the electrode is against the head and securing the retaining member to the body over the recess to secure the semiconductor device non-resiliently therein, by means of the settable compound. As shown in Fig. 6 the semiconductor device 10 has two electrodes 12, 14 on one face having respective headed leads 34, 36 and a further electrode 18 on the other face which is electrically contacted by the cap 40, the open end of the cap 40 being sealed by an encapsulating compound 50 to complete the assembly. The electrodes may be fused to their respective connections by subsequently heating the assembly in a furnace. Additional semiconductor or passive components may be interposed between the semiconductor device and one or more of its respective leads, e.g. Fig. 8 (not shown). In a further embodiment, Fig. 10, the rigid retaining member comprises a second recessed and appropriately bored matching ceramic body so that similar lead connections are provided to electrodes on both faces of the semiconductor device. The ceramic bodies 104, 106 are sealed together by varnish placed between the peripheral joints. In another embodiment, Fig. 21, the recessed body accommodating the semiconductor device comprises a ceramic block 222 surrounded by an insulating sleeve 233 providing stepped recesses for receiving the semiconductor device 210 and the chip 225. Varnish may again be used to retain the parts together. Preferably the shape of the recess in the body in all of the embodiments is such as to provide a snug fit for the semiconductor device, which may be triangular, square, round, oval, hexagonal, diamondshaped, &c.
Patent GB-1026702-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to floor cleaning appliances
Inventor: POLE KENNETH ERNEST
IPC: A47L11/162
Filed: 1963-09-16
Abstract: 1,026,702. Floor-cleaning machines. REECO MACHINES Ltd. Dec. 14, 1964 [Sept. 16, 1963], No. 36356/63. Heading A4F. [Also in Division F2] A floor-cleaning appliance, such as for scrubbing or polishing comprises a floor cleaning element, such as a brush or pad, mounted on a carrier 10, 11, 12 which is rotated by an electric motor 15 via an epicycloidal drive embracing the motor shaft 16 the carrier and the motor casing 19, the latter constituting the sun member of the drive and held against rotation by the handle 30 of the appliance. The carrier is formed by a three pronged element 10 secured to dished member 12 which is rotatably mounted via bearing 18, on the motor shaft 16. A spindle 21 is secured in the dished member and carries a pulley 24 which connects with a pulley 25 on the motor spindle via a multiple V-pulley 26. A further pulley 23 is mounted on the shaft 21 and is connected by a multiple V-belt 27 with a stationary pulley 20 secured to the motor housing 19. In operation upon rotation of the motor, the pulley 25 rotates the shaft 21 so that the pulley 23 rides round the belt 27 and so rotates the dished member 12. Jockey pulleys are provided for tensioning the belts.
Patent GB-1530089-A (GB)
Title: Telephone line circuit
IPC: H04M19/02
Filed: 1977-08-31
Abstract: 1530089 Telephone line circuits; hybrid circuits THOMSON-CSF 31 Aug 1977 [3 Sept 1976] 36417/77 Headings H4K and H4R A line circuit for 2/4 wire conversion between a line L1, L2 and the transmitting E and receiving means R of an exchange (not shown) includes differential amplifiers A1, A2, A3 and power amplifiers A4, A5 having biasing inputs, for connecting E to the two wires L1, L2, a differential amplifier A6 which through another differential amplifier A7 connects the line L1, L2 to R. A7 is also connected to E so that signals from E to L1, L2 are not retransmitted on R. A common unit (not shown) controls the operation of the line circuit through FET switches S1-S7 so that the circuit provides line feed, ringing, reversing polarity of the line, compensation for differences in line impedances and loop detection. The line circuit may be formed as an IC.
Patent GB-760769-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to fluorinated synthetic rubber compositions
IPC: C08F236/16
Filed: 1954-12-16
Abstract: Rubbery copolymers are made by polymerizing a mixture of perfluorobutadiene and a vinyl 1,1-dihydroperfluoroalkyl ether having 4 to 8 carbon atoms in the molecule in the mol. ratio of 0.5 to 5:1. The polymerization may be effected in bulk, or aqueous emulsion, and in the presence of polymerization catalysts and chain terminators, e.g. dodecyl mercaptan.  Catalysts mentioned are acetyl peroxide and a mixture of sodium persulphate and sodium bisulphite.  The emulsifying agent may be ammonium perfluoro-octanoate, or sodium lauryl sulphate.  The aqueous medium may also contain borax.  The copolymer may be vulcanized by compounding with fillers such as zinc oxide, carbon black, in the presence of sulphur and accelerators such as tetraethyl-thiuram-disulphide, benzothiazyl-disulphide, or triethylene tetramine.ALSO:1,1-Dihydroperfluoroalkyl vinyl ethers are made by reacting an alcohol of the formula CnF2n+1CH2OH with a vinyl ester, e.g. acetate or butyrate, in the presence of a mercuric catalyst such as mercuric sulphate and a polymerization inhibitor, e.g. hydroquinone.  The alcohols may be prepared by reduction of acids of the formula CnF2n+1COOH, or the corresponding acid chlorides, using lithium aluminium hydride as the reducing agent in an anhydrous ether vehicle, or by the catalytic hydrogenation of alkyl esters of the above acids in the presence of a copper chromium oxide catalyst containing a trace of barium.  The alkyl radical may be methyl, ethyl or butyl.