Patent GB-483907-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the treatment of bitumina and allied substances
IPC: C10C3/02
Filed: 1936-07-27
Abstract: Bituminous and like substances (i.e. such substances as contain asphaltic, pitchy, and/or tarry constituents and derivatives thereof, e.g. asphalts, mineral oils, lignite-, coal-, peat-and shale-oils, wood-, resin-, fat-, and bone-tars, the pitches of such substances, montan pitch, the refining and working-up residues of the above substances such as distillation, refining, hydrogenation, cracking, and solution process residues, e.g. pacura) are heated, singly or mixed, to a temperature of at least 180 DEG  C. with acids of sulphur containing at least four oxygen atoms and/or their anhydrides under such pressure that sulphur dioxide is retained in the system, in the absence of added hydrogenating gases.  As acids of sulphur there may be employed concentrated or diluted sulphuric acid, sulphur trioxide, pyrosulphuric acid, polythionic acids, persulphuric acid, sulphur sesquioxide, sulphur heptoxide or fuming sulphuric acid; substances containing sulphuric acid, e.g. acid resin or sludge, acid washed out therefrom, or residual or waste acid from oil-refining.  There may also be present organic derivatives of these, e.g. sulphonic acids, sulphuric acid esters.  The process is preferably carried out at 180-360 DEG  C., either in a closed vessel or continuously in a tube system.  There may be added to the reaction mixture oils, e.g. gas, vegetable, and animal oils; animal fats; fatty acids; and working-up residues thereof.  There may be added to the products (which may be used as plastic masses) resins, resin oils, tall oil, montan wax, ozokerite; rubber, e.g. as latex, balata, or guttapercha, in which case the mixture may be heated to cause vulcanization.  In examples; Venezuelan crude oil residue is heated with various quantities of concentrated or dilute sulphuric acid or acid resin from lubricating oil in an autoclave; coal tar is heated with sulphuric acid in an autoclave; crude coal tar and sulphuric acid are forced through a heated tube system; coal producer tar is heated with oleum in an autoclave; coal tar and linseed, colza, or fish oil is heated under pressure with sulphuric acid; Trinidad epur<\>aee asphalt is heated with fish oil and sulphuric acid in an autoclave; Venezuelan crude oil residue is heated with sulphuric acid in an autoclave, latex added to the product, and the mixture vulcanized by heating.  Oils for lubricating and disinfecting, which are stated to contain sulphur, may be separated from the products by distillation in vacuo or steam; by blowing; by centrifuging; or by extraction with solvents.  In an example: Venezuelan crude oil residue is heated with sulphuric acid in an autoclave and an oil separated by distilling the product in steam.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 refers to the use of more than one acid of sulphur containing at least 4 oxygen atoms and does not exclude the use of added hydrogenating gases.  This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.ALSO:Bituminous and like substances (i.e. such substances as contain asphaltic, pitchy, and/or tarry constituents and derivatives thereof, e.g. asphalts, mineral oils, lignite-, coal-, peat-and shale-oils, wood-, resin-, fat-, and bonetars, the pitches of such substances, montan pitch, the refining and working-up residues of the above substances such as distillation, refining hydrogenation, cracking, and solution-process residues, e.g. pacura) are heated, singly or mixed, to a temperature of at least 180 DEG  C. with acids of sulphur containing at least four oxygen atoms and/or their anhydrides under such pressure that sulphur dioxide is retained in the system, in the absence of added hydrogenating gases. As acids of sulphur there may be employed concentrated or diluted sulphuric acid, sulphur trioxide, pyrosulphuric acid, polythionic acids, persulphuric acid, sulphur sesquioxide, sulphur heptoxide, or fuming sulphuric acid; substances containing sulphuric acid, e.g. acid resin or sludge, acid washed out therefrom, or residual or waste acid from oil-refining.  There may also be present organic derivatives of these, e.g. sulphonic acids, sulphuric acid esters. The process is preferably carried out at 180-360 DEG  C., either in a closed vessel or continuously in a tube system.  There may be added to the reaction mixture oils, e.g. gas, vegetable, and animal oils; animal fats, fatty acids; and working-up residues thereof.  There may be added to the products which may be used as plastic masses, resins, resin oils, tallo<\>uel, montan wax, ozokerite; rubber, e.g. as latex, balata, or guttapercha, in which case the mixture may be heated to cause vulcanization.  In examples: Venezuelan crude-oil residue is heated with various quantities of concentrated or dilute sulphuric acid or acid resin from lubricating oil in an autoclave; coal-tar is heated with sulphuric acid in an autoclave; crude coal-tar and sulphuric acid are forced through a heated tube system; coal producer-tar is heated with oleum in an autoclave; coal-tar and linseed, colza, or fish oil is heated under pressure with sulphuric acid; Trinidad epur<\>aee asphalt is heated with fish oil and sulphuric acid in an autoclave; Venezuelan crude-oil residue is heated with sulphuric acid in an autoclave, latex added to the product, and the mixture vulcanized by heating.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 refers to the use of more than one acid of sulphur containing at least 4 oxygen atoms and does not exclude the use of added hydrogenating gases.  This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.ALSO:Bituminous and like substances (i.e. such substances as contain asphaltic, pitchy, and/or tarry constituents and derivatives thereof, e.g. asphalts) are heated, singly or mixed, to a temperature of at least 180 DEG  C. with acids of sulphur containing at least four oxygen atoms and/or their anhydrides under such pressure that sulphur dioxide is retained in the system, in the absence of added hydrogenating gases.  As acids of sulphur there may be employed concentrated or diluted sulphuric acid, sulphur trioxide, pyrosulphuric acid, polythionic acids, persulphuric acid, sulphur sesquioxide, sulphur heptoxide or fuming sulphuric acid; substances containing sulphuric acid, e.g. acid resin or sludge, acid washed out therefrom, or residual or waste acid from oil-refining.  There may also be present organic derivatives of these, e.g. sulphonic acids, sulphuric acid esters.  The process is preferably carried out at 180-360 DEG  C., either in a closed vessel or continuously in a tube system.  There may be added to the reaction mixture oils, e.g. gas, vegetable, and animal oils; animal fats; fatty acids; and working-up residues thereof.  There may be added to the products (which may be used as plastic masses) resins, resin oils, tallo<\>uel, montan wax, ozokerite; rubber, e.g. as latex, balata, or guttapercha, in which case the mixture may be heated to cause vulcanization.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 refers to the use of more than one acid of sulphur containing at least 4 oxygen atoms and does not exclude the use of added hydrogenating gases.  This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.ALSO:Oils, which are stated to contain sulphur, for use in disinfectants are obtained from the reaction products resulting from the treatment of bituminous and like substances with sulphur-containing acids by distillation in vacuo or steam, by blowing, by centrifuging, or by extraction with solvents. The bituminous and like substances (i.e. such substances as contain asphaltic, pitchy and/or tarry constituents and derivatives thereof, e.g. asphalts, mineral oils, lignite-, coal-, peat- and shale-oils, wood-, resin-, fat-, and bone-tars, the pitches of such substances, montan pitch, the refining and working-up residues of the above substances such as distillation, refining, hydrogenation, cracking, and solution process residues, e.g. pacura, are heated, singly or mixed, to a temperature of at least 180 DEG  C. with acids of sulphur containing at least four oxygen atoms and/or their anhydrides under such pressure that sulphur dioxide is retained in the system, in the absence of added hydrogenating gases.  As acids of sulphur there may be employed concentrated or diluted sulphuric acid, sulphur trioxide, pyrosulphuric acid, polythionic acids, persulphuric acid, sulphur sesquioxide, sulphur heptoxide or fuming sulphuric acid; substances containing sulphuric acid, e.g. acid resin or sludge, acid washed out therefrom, or residual or waste acid from oil-refining.  There may also be present organic derivatives of these, e.g. sulphonic acids, sulphuric acid esters.  The process is preferably carried out at 180-360 DEG  C., either in a closed vessel or continuously in a tube system.  There may be added to the reaction mixture oils, e.g. gas, vegetable, and animal oils; animal fats; fatty acids; and working-up residues thereof.  In examples: Venezuelan crude oil residue is heated with various quantities of concentrated or dilute sulphuric acid or acid resin from lubricating oil in an autoclave; coal tar is heated with sulphuric acid in an autoclave; crude coal tar and sulphuric acid are forced through a heated tube system; coal producer tar is heated with oleum in an autoclave; coal tar and linseed, colza, or fish oil is heated under pressure with sulphuric acid; Trinidad epur<\>aee asphalt is heated with fish oil and sulphuric acid in an autoclave.