Patent GB-681802-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to methods of finishing textile materials and cellulosic materials, other than textile materials in sheet form
IPC: D06M11/79
Filed: 1948-07-13
Abstract: Artificial silk textile material or a cellulosic material, other than a textile material, in sheet form, is finished by impregnating it first with an aqueous solution containing a cationic surface-active agent and then with an aqueous solution of colloidal silica.  The material may be impregnated with a 0.1-2 per cent by weight aqueous solution of the cationic surface-active agent, preferably for 30-60 minutes at 70-100 DEG  C., and may be treated with colloidal silica immediately after impregnation with the above liquid.  Preferably, however, it is squeezed and rinsed with water prior to the colloidal silica treatment.  The cationic surface-active agent may be a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium or a sulphonium salt and preferably contains in the molecule at least one hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radical having 10-22 carbon atoms.  It may be cetyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, cetyl methyl dibenzyl ammonium chloride, stearyl dimethyl ethyl ammonium bromide, lauryl dimethyl benzyl ammonium iodide, cetyl pyridinium sulphate or chloride, lauryl pyridinium chloride, methyl 6-cetyl quinolinium chloride, cetyl diethyl sulphonium chloride, stearyl trimethyl phosphonium chloride or cetyl dimethyl benzyl phosphonium chloride, used either individually or in admixture.  The surface-active agent bath may contain an inorganic salt (e.g. 0.02-0.1 per cent) such as a water-soluble salt of a mono-, di- or tri-valent metal which is generally usable as a dyeing assistant for direct cotton dyes, e.g. sodium or barium chloride, sodium sulphate and aluminium formate or acetate.  After treatment with the solution of surface-active agent the material, preferably while still wet, is treated, e.g. for 30-60 minutes, with a bath of colloidal silica solution preferably containing 0.01-0.2 per cent of silica calculated as SiO2.  The temperature and pH of the silica bath are preferably about 75-100 DEG C. and about 6-7, respectively.  The preferred source of colloidal silica is a stable silica sol containing 0.1-20 per cent or more of silica such as may be prepared in accordance with Specification 649,897, [Group III], but sols prepared according to Specifications 645,703, 649,896 and 654,850, [all in Group III], also may be used. The treatment increases the coefficient of friction and slip resistance of the materials treated.ALSO:A textile material is finished by impregnating it first with an aqueous solution containing a cationic surface-active agent and then with an aqueous solution of colloidal silica.  The textile material, preferably a size-free woven or knitted fabric, may be impregnated with a 0.1-2 per cent by weight aqueous solution of the cationic surface-active agent, preferably for 30-60 minutes at 70-100 DEG  C., and may be treated with colloidal silica immediately after impregnation with the above liquid. Preferably, however, it is squeezed and rinsed with water prior to the colloidal silica treatment.  The cationic surface-active agent may be a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium or a sulphonium salt and preferably contains in the molecule at least one hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radical having 10-22 carbon atoms.  It may be cetyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, cetyl methyl dibenzyl ammonium chloride, stearyl dimethyl ethyl ammonium bromide, lauryl dimethyl benzyl ammonium iodide, cetyl pyridinium sulphate or chloride, lauryl pyridinium chloride, methyl 6-cetyl quinolinium chloride, cetyl diethyl sulphonium chloride, stearyl trimethyl phosphonium chloride or cetyl dimethyl benzyl phosphonium chloride, used either individually or in admixture.  The surface-active agent bath may contain an inorganic salt (e.g. 0.02-0.1 per cent), such as a water-soluble salt of a mono-, di- or tri-valent metal which is generally usable as a dyeing assistant for direct cotton dyes, e.g. sodium or barium chloride, sodium sulphate and aluminium formate or acetate. After treatment with the solution of surface-active agent, the fabric, preferably while still wet, is treated, e.g. for 30-60 minutes, with a bath of colloidal silica solution preferably containing 0.01-0.2 per cent of silica calculated as SiO2. The temperature and pH of the silica bath are preferably about 75-100 DEG C. and about 6-7 respectively.  The preferred source of colloidal silica is a stable silica sol containing 0.1-20 per cent or more of silica such as may be prepared in accordance with Specification 649,897, [Group III], but sols prepared according to Specifications 645,703, 649,896 and 654,850, [all in Group III], also may be used. In an example, white wool flannel is impregnated for 45 minutes at 80 DEG  C. with a 0.5 per cent aqueous solution of cetyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, excess solution is removed from the fabric with squeeze rolls and, after water washing, the fabric is treated while still wet for 45 minutes at 90 DEG  C. with an aqueous 0.125 per cent solution of colloidal silica.  The fabric is then rinsed with water and dried at 225 DEG  F.  Examples are given also of the treatment of rayon cloth and nylon stockings by similar methods, the surface-active agent bath also containing barium chloride.  The treatment is said to increase the coefficient of friction and slip resistance of the materials treated and, in the case of knitted hosiery, to improve their resistance to snagging and running.