Patent GB-1440065-A (GB)
Title: Actuator assemblies for vehicle brakes
IPC: B60T8/42
Filed: 1973-05-23
Abstract: 1440065 Actuators; anti-skid fluid pressure braking systems; warning devices GIRLING Ltd 17 Aug 1973 [26 Sept 1972 23 May 1973] 44311/72 and 24732/73 Headings F2F and F2E An actuator assembly 16 for an anti-skid fluid pressure braking system comprises a first actuating piston 37 operable by hydraulic pressure in a space 44 to apply a brake, a second actuating piston 52 spring biased to engage the first piston 37 to apply the brake but normally held out of engagement with the first piston 37 by fluid pressure in a chamber 55, and a modulator piston assembly 39 which is movable by fluid pressure introduced into a chamber 47 by a solenoid valve 23 upon a skid being sensed to reduce the pressure in the space 44 to release the brake. The piston 52 may be subjected to pneumatic pressure, or hydraulic pressure. The embodiment of Fig. 1 is an hydraulic system with pumps 4, 5 supplying pressure fluid for the front brakes and rear brakes respectively, the pumps 4, 5 being included in an electric circuit including the vehicle ignition switch 1 and two relays 3. Each pump 4, 5 draws hydraulic fluid from a reservoir 6 and supplies an accumulator 7 for braking fluid and an accumulator 8 for skid control fluid, each accumulator 7, 8 being provided with a pressure switch 9 for operating the pumps 4, 5 to maintain a predetermined pressure in the accumulator; the accumulators 8 may be at a lower pressure than the accumulators 7. The accumulators 7 are also provided with low pressure warning switches connected to a warning lamp 11. A pedal-operated dual control valve 14 controls pressure applied service braking, and a hand operated dual control valve 26 controls spring-applied fluid-pressure released parking braking. Each vehicle wheel has an associated deceleration sensor 21 the output from which is fed into respective control modules 22 for the front wheels and the rear wheels, signals from the control modules being used to actuate the solenoid valves 23. The actuator assembly 16 of Fig. 2 has actuating piston 37 adapted to be connected to the operating member of a wedge brake or to a slave cylinder. The piston 52 is slidable in a stepped modulator piston 39, and the chamber 55 is connected to a transfer port 59 in the solenoid valve 23 by an axial passage 58 in a rod 57 and a flexible hose 60. During normal operation the relative positions of the parts of the actuator assembly 16 are as shown in Fig. 2, pressure fluid is chamber 55 keeping the second actuator piston 52 retracted in opposition to the force of a spring 66 held between a housing sleeve 33 and a cage 64, and keeping the modulator piston 39 in abutment with a step 41. In this position a valve 46 controlling a inlet passage to space 44 is held open so that hydraulic fluid may be supplied to space 44 to advance piston 37. When the deceleration of a wheel exceeds the predetermined value, the solenoid of valve 23 is energized to close a connection between chamber 47 and the reservoir 6 via a reservoir port 68 of the valve 23, and to allow pressure fluid from accumulator 8 and chamber 55 into chamber 47. This moves modulator piston 39 to close inlet valve 46 and to reduce the pressure in space 44. When the skid signal terminates, the chamber 55 is repressurized. On operation of the hand valve 26 chamber 55 is exhausted to reservoir and the piston 52 is moved by the spring 66 to move piston 37. This will also occur on failure of accumulator supply; the brake may then be released by unscrewing a tube 61 from a plate 62 which is secured to cage 64. A switch (70) is located in an annular ring 71 in a body 31 of the actuator assembly and an annular L-section ring 72 in the end of modulator piston 39 serves as a bridging piece for the switch contacts. The function of the switch (70) is as set out in U.K. patent Specification No. 1,373,819. In the alternative embodiment of Figs. 8-13 the modulator piston assembly comprises a first modulator piston 98 and two second modulator pistons 93 working in parallel bores 92 and engaged by a radial flange 97 extending from the first modulator piston 98. The second actuating piston 99 works in a stepped bore 100, 101 in piston 98 and extends through two seals 102 in a bore 83 in a housing part 81, the seals 102 being held apart by a spacer 103 secured to the housing by a grub screw 104 provided with an axial bleed passage 105. An inlet valve 107 controlled by a modulator piston 93 controls fluid flow to pressure space 109, and space 109 is also connected by a passage 110 with an outlet port 111 which is connected to a further actuator assembly 16 or alternatively is plugged. The solenoid valve 23 controls fluid flow to a chamber 125, and when the deceleration of the braked wheel exceeds the predetermined threshold value the solenoid valve 23 cuts off chamber 125 from reservoir 6 and connects chamber 125 to chamber 112 and to pressure fluid. In the event of pressure failure or when the hand brake is applied, four springs 113 coiled round guides 114 within cages 116 advance the piston 99. To release the brake a bolt 118 which retains an end plate 117 mounting the cages 116, is rotated; rotation of the bolt 118, which is screwed into piston 99, allows the piston 99 to retract without recompressing the springs 113. It is envisaged that first and second modulator pistons may also move in axially aligned bores.