baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1332800-A (GB)
Title: Transforming a liquid crystalline material
IPC: G03G15/22
Filed: 1970-10-14
Abstract: 1332800 Modulating light XEROX CORP 14 Oct 1970 [20 Oct 1969] 48784/70 Heading H4F [Also in Division C4] A cholesteric liquid crystal is converted from a Grandjean texture to a focal ionic texture when an electric field above a threshold value and within a range of fields specific to the liquid crystal is applied thereto. Both textures are selectively dispersive and are therefore colourless ("white") or coloured, depending on the wavelengths where dispersion occurs, but whereas the Grandjean texture is transparent, the focal ioni c texture exhibits diffuse scattering and appears milky. In an image display system a layer of the liquid crystal may be disposed between electrodes and an A.C. or D.C. potential applied thereto. One or preferably both electrodes are transparent for viewing by reflected or transmitted light respectively and one or both electrodes and/or the crystal layer may be shaped to the desired image. A complementary electrode may be disposed coplanar with a shaped electrode for selectively operating the image portion or the entire cell. In other systems the electric field may be provided by an electron beam address system, or an X-Y address system, or by an electrostatic latent image, e.g. an xerographic plate, or the image may be formed by operating selected ones of a planar matrix of liquid crystal cells. The image may be enhanced by disposing the crystal layer between polarizers, since the diffuse scattering of the focal-conic texture tends to depolarize light over a wider range of wavelengths than that for depolarization by selective dispersion in either texture, so that the image and background may be selected to be any combination of dark, light and coloured. Edge lighting and optical filter systems, may also enhance the image. On reduction of the applied field, the relaxation back to the Grandjean texture may take fractions of a second to days, depending on the liquid crystal, i.e. for transient displays or memory systems, and may be expedited, e.g. by sliding the electrodes parallel to one another. As the Grandjean texture returns, there are colour changes. The Specification lists suitable cholesteric liquid crystals, including pure compounds, mixtures of such compounds, and mixtures of the compounds with compounds which are nematic per se, and several specific examples of cell compositions together with operating voltages (giving fields of roughly 10<SP>3</SP>-10<SP>4</SP> V./cm.) and some relaxation times. Some of the specific examples disclose mixtures which also undergo a cholesteric nematic transition at higher fields. The Grandjean to focal-conic threshold voltage is temperature dependent, and it is possible to display an image by applying a constant field below threshold and addressing the liquid crystal layer with a thermal image or by selectively heating or cooling the layer by other means.
Patent GB-1133885-A (GB)
Title: Filter cigarette
IPC: A24D3/06
Filed: 1966-11-01
Abstract: 1,133,885. Cigarette filters. F. HOMBURGER. 1 Nov., 1966, No. 48911/66. Heading A2C. A cigarette 10 includes a filter capsule 16 comprising a flexible gelatine capsule, sealed around its periphery 18 to a wrapper 14, having weakened apices 26, 28 and containing an activated granular filter material 34, e.g. charcoal, hermetically sealed therein. The cigarette is squeezed immediately prior to smoking to rupture the apices 26, 28. Spherical or cylindrical elements (16a, 16b) may be used and the weakened portions may comprise plugged holes. The filter capsule 16 may also be used as an insert in a cigarette holder.
Patent GB-1483910-A (GB)
Title: Video mixer
IPC: G09G5/18
Filed: 1974-11-12
Abstract: 1483910 Television XEROX CORP 12 Nov 1974 [23 Nov 1973] 48963/74 Heading H4F A video mixer for combining two video signals or switching from one to the other comprises gating means G9, G10, Fig. 4, for processing control signals (EXT SEL for switching and MIX MDE for combining), and two high speed switches Q16, Q17 responsive to the output of the gating means for respectively applying video signals upon a given command by said control signals to a respective one of two loading resistos R69, R70 connected at a summing node, the arrangement being such as to effect amplitude averaging of the input video signals. The preferred embodiment further comprises a logic circuit Fig. 2 (not shown) for deriving a three level video signal C.G. SIGNAL from one video input having high and low levels being derived in turn from a character generator, and a sync. separation circuit SYNC. SEPARATOR for removing sync. from the other external video signal COMP VIDEO and producing sync. free VIDEO and separate sync. information COMP. SYNC. After the signals have been mixed or switched an amplifier stage Q18 onwards Fig. 4 adds the sync. information and produces the requisite signal VIDEO OUT for display on a monitor. The mixer may be used for displaying character information from a generator linked to a computer utilizing various input devices such as light pens, and pictures derived from a standard T.V. camera.
Patent GB-1484252-A (GB)
Title: Treatment of rubber
IPC: C08K5/26
Filed: 1973-10-22
Abstract: 1484252 Viscosity stabilization of natural rubber RUBBER RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MALAYSIA BOARD OF 18 Oct 1974 [22 Oet 1973] 49078/73 Heading C3Q A method of treating natural rubber to provide viscosity stabilization comprises adding to fresh solid natural rubber an effective amount of semicarbazide or an acid addition salt thereof. "Fresh solid natural rubber" is defined as solid natural rubber which has undergone substantially no storage hardening. The semicarbazide or salt thereof may be added at any convenient time during processing of the rubber, e.g. by dipping rubber crumb in a solution containing semicarbazide, suitably for a period of less than 1 minute, by adding semicarbazide to dry coagula or to wet coagula. The invention is applicable to smoked or unsmoked rubber, crepe rubber, solid rubber from latex, ouplumps and compounded and uncompounded rubber. The semi-carbazide or acid addition salt thereof may be added to the rubber in an amount 0À02- 0À5% by weight based on the weight of rubber. Subsequent to the addition of the semicarbazide or acid addition salt to the rubber, the rubber may be heated to a temperature not exceeding 120‹ C. and/or vulcanized.
Patent GB-1374125-A (GB)
Title: Gas diffusion electrodes in methods for their manufacture and electrochemical electricity generators including such electrodes
IPC: H01M8/08
Filed: 1971-10-22
Abstract: 1374125 Gas-diffusion electrode SOC LES PILES WONDER 22 Oct 1971 [23 Oct 1970] 49238/71 Heading H1B An electrode 1 comprises a centre gaspermeable, waterproof, non-conducting layer 2 of fluorocarbon resin, e.g. PTFE, and outer layers 3 of catalytically active material and from which electric current may be conducted, e.g. by grids 4. A surface of the layer 2 is exposed to the reactant gas thereby providing a gas inlet to the porous layer. As shown in Fig. 2 the exposed surface is at the top of the electrode above the electrolyte 5. The area of the exposed surface may be increased by terminating the upper ends of the layers 3 at a distance from the top of the layer 2 (Fig. 1, not shown). The layers 3 may comprise a mixture of PTFE and a metal, e.g. Raney silver, or active carbon. Methods of making the electrode are described. The electrolyte may be KOH and the anodes 8 of zinc. Fig. 5 shows a cross-section of the electrode 1, together with separator sheets 10 containing electrolyte and zinc sheets 9. A band of this laminate is manufactured and wound into a spiral and inserted in a cell casing (Figs. 6, 7, not shown). The casing may contain oxygen under pressure. A zinc-oxygen battery with flat electrodes is described with reference to Figs. 8, 9 (not shown). An oxygen-hydrogen fuel cell employing the electrodes 1 is described with reference to Figs. 10, 11 (not shown).
Patent GB-1274693-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to well tolls
Inventor: SHIPES KELLY VERNER
IPC: E21B33/128
Filed: 1969-10-08
Abstract: 1,274,693. Wells &c. FMC CORP. 8 Oct., 1969 [23 Oct., 1968], No. 49463/69. Heading E1F. An assembly for sealing the annulus between a casing head 34 and a casin 42 comprises body members 12, 14, and resilient packer rings 16, 18 settable by pistons 24, 26 acting through junk rings 20, 22, the area of each packer ring being small relative to that of the junk ring and pistons so that the setting pressure transmitted to the packer ring is correspondingly greater than the pressure applied to the junk ring and pistons. The assembly is initially set by screws 32 which bias the assembly against a casing hanger 44. Fluid pressure from above acts on the pistons 26 and junk ring 22 to set the packer ring 18, while fluid pressure from below acts on the pistons 24 and junk ring 20 to set the packer ring 16. The seal may be tested by applying pressure to a port 52.
Patent GB-1536868-A (GB)
Title: Method for setting up a quasi-random generator
IPC: H04L9/22
Filed: 1975-12-02
Abstract: 1536868 Random pulse generators LICENTIA PATENT VERWALTUNGS GmbH 2 Dec 1975 [3 Dec 1974] 49508/75 Heading G4D In producing pseudo random pulse sequences for ciphering or testing transmission systems a basic binary word defines the starting point of a sequence while a further word, which may for instance be transmitted from a message receiving station back to the transmitting station prior to transmission, is combined with the basic word and is employed to determine the interconnections in the sequence generator and therefore the form of the sequence.
Patent GB-1366859-A (GB)
Title: Distributors
IPC: F02P5/155
Filed: 1970-10-20
Abstract: 1366859 Ignition systems; timing ignition PLESSEY CO Ltd 30 Sept 1971 [20 Oct 1970] 49696/70 Heading F1B An electrical ignition system for an internal combustion engine comprises a pulse generator, having a rotary armature, producing pulses through a threshold detector the level of which is controlled automatically in accordance with throttle position or induction manifold pressure. Coils 1-4, arranged in magnetic relation with a rotating magnet, each supply pulses directly to AND gates 6-9 also fed with pulses through a threshold circuit which causes the AND gates to open at a determined voltage level. As engine speed increases, a given voltage is induced in coils 1-4 at an advancing position relative to the engine thus providing inherently automatic 'advance and retard'.
Patent GB-1472556-A (GB)
Title: Document feed apparatus
IPC: G03G15/04
Filed: 1974-11-18
Abstract: 1472556 Forwarding sheets INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP 18 Nov 1974 [26 Dec 1973] 49781/74 Heading B8R In a device for bringing sheets to a registered position on a platen by means of a driven endless belt 17, the belt is biased against the platen at two spaced apart positions across its width by pressure rollers 32. The rollers are pivotally mounted by means of arms 33 and are biased into contact with the belt by a spring 30. The register position is defined by stop fingers 29 which may be advanced and retracted by a solenoid.
Patent GB-1133749-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to electronic timing apparatus
Inventor: WOODHEAD JOHN CROFTS
IPC: G01F13/00
Filed: 1966-11-07
Abstract: 1,133,749. Delivering measured quantities of liquid. ELECTRONICON Ltd. 25 Oct., 1967 [7 Nov., 1966], No. 49828/66. Heading B8N. [Also in Division H3] Apparatus for dispensing measured quantities of a liquid stored under gas pressure in a container 1, Fig. 3, comprises a pump 5 of the duplex diaphragm type having segments 7, 8 of predetermined volumetric capacity. Liquid is dispensed by opening the discharge valve 11 together with one of the valves 12 and 13 which admit air pressure behind one of the flexible diaphragms 6 or 6a. The valves 11-13 may be electronically controlled to give continuous automatic operation.
Patent GB-1196176-A (GB)
Title: Silencers for Axial - Flow Fluid Fans
IPC: F16L55/033
Filed: 1967-07-26
Abstract: 1,196,176. Gas flow silencers. CHIYODA KAKO KENSETSU K.K. July 26, 1967 [Aug. 5, 1966; Jan.30, 1967], No. 50225/68. Divided out of 1,192,194. Heading F1B. A silencer for the discharge from a fan 23 comprises outer and inner coaxial truncated cones 24, 26, covered with sound absorbing material, the inner shell having an open end facing the fan covered by a porous sound absorbing structure 29. An intermediate shell 25 may be provided. The sound absorbing material may be asbestos or glass fibre and the structure 29 may comprise a perforated plate covered with sound absorbing material.
Patent GB-1075720-A (GB)
Title: A method of sealing cartons and cartons thus sealed
IPC: B65D5/60
Filed: 1965-11-26
Abstract: 1,075,720. Packaging; lined boxes. ESSELTEPAC A.B. Nov. 26, 1965 [Dec. 2, 1964], No. 50305/65. Headings B8C and B8P. A rectangular tubular carton with closure flaps at each end is made from a blank 1 on which a lining 12 has been superimposed. The blank 1 has four main panels 2-5, and four closure flaps 7-10 at each end. The lining 12 is glued to the flaps 8, 9, 10. The lining 12 may be provided only on the ends of the panels 2-5. The flap 7 is separate from the flaps 8-10 and the lining 12. The carton is erected into tubular form, the lining 12 being unslitted at the corners, Fig. 2 (not shown). A pair of jaws then press the flap 9 and the two layers of the lining 12 together to seal the carton. The sealing can be produced either by pressure and heat or only pressure. The flap 9 provides heat insulation for the seal when heat-sealing is used, and hence only the jaw which contacts the lining need be heated. The flap 7 is then folded over the seal at each end of the carton.
Patent GB-963687-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to friction welding
IPC: B23K20/12
Filed: 1960-07-25
Abstract: 963,687. Welding by pressure. AMERICAN MACHINE & FOUNDRY CO. July 25, 1960 [Aug. 12, 1959], No. 50391/63. Divided out of 963,681. Drawings to Specification. Heading B3R. The subject-matter of this Specification is substantially the same as matter described in Specification 963,681 but the claims are directed to a method of friction welding workpieces which includes forcing the pieces together and generating heat by relative movement between the workpieces to melt or render plastic material at the contact area, the welding operation being performed in a controlled atmosphere in the area of the weld, and to an apparatus for effecting such welding.
Patent GB-1073100-A (GB)
Title: Feedback control systems
IPC: G05B19/35
Filed: 1965-11-26
Abstract: 1,073,100. Monostable circuits. BUNKERRAMO CORPORATION. Nov. 26, 1965 [Nov. 27, 1964], No. 50422/65. Heading H3T. [Also in Division G3] A monostable circuit suppresses noise pulses 166 on a waveform 52 in a programme control system (see Division G3). At zero time, a transistor Q1 is conducting, a transistor Q2 non-conducting and a transistor Q3 conducting to provide a low output at a terminal 78 as indicated by a waveform 76. In response to a negative-going pulse 52a, transistor Q1 becomes non-conducting and current flows in a circuit, comprising resistors 102, 104, 106, 110, to charge a capacitor 108. The charging current causes the transistor Q2 to become conducting. The collector of Q2 then assumes a low poten. tial, reducing the base potential of transistor Q3, which becomes non-conducting. The potential.at output terminal 78 then rises rapidly as indicated at 76a. During the charging of capacitor 108, the collector potential of transistor Q1 is low and the base potential is maintained low, by the current through resistors 130, 138, a diode 132 and the transistor Q2, so that it is maintained non-conducting and, hence, not susceptible to noise pulses for the duty cycle of the circuit. The duty cycle is varied by applying an additional charging potential at a terminal 80. When the charge on capacitor 108 is such that Q2 becomes non- conducting, diode 132 is back-biased so that the base potential of transistor Q1 rises causing it to become conducting. The base potential of transistor Q1 is determined by a circuit through resistors 130, 144<SP>1</SP>, 146. Further, when Q2 is non-conducting the base potential of transistor Q3 rises to cause it to become conducting so that the output falls to a low level as indicated at 76b. The capacitor 108 is rapidly discharged through resistor 106, transistor Q1 and a diode 154, initial conditions then being restored in preparation for the next input pulse.
Patent GB-1327250-A (GB)
Title: Ethylene alpha-olefin copolymers
IPC: C08F210/00
Filed: 1970-10-23
Abstract: 1327250 Ethylene-alpha olefin copolymerization E I DU PONT DE NEMOURS & CO 23 Oct 1970 [24 Oct 1969] 50527/70 Heading C3P Copolymers of ethylene and a C 3 -C 18  alpha olefin, preferably also containing a non-conjugated diene, are prepared using a vanadium co-ordination catalyst at - 40 to +100 C. in a process comprising at least two consecutive stages such that (a) the average ethylene/higher olefin ratio in one stage is at least 1À3 times that in another stage, so that the former produces a copolymer with a higher ethylene content and number-average molecular weight than the latter; (b) at least 5% of the copolymer is produced in each stage; (c) the molecular weight of the copolymer formed in each stage and the degree of polymerization in each are selected so that the final product has a molecular weight distribution, measured by the ratio of the weight average to the number average molecular weight, which is at least 2À4, and at least 20% broader than that of a copolymer of the same monomer composition obtained under the conditions of any one of the stages; and (d) the product contains 20-80% by weight of ethylene units. The process is carried out continuously under steady state conditions. It may be carried out in two pot reactors, and various suitable combinations of reaction parameters are given for this method, but it is preferred to use a pipe-line reactor for the first stage and a pot reactor for the second, as illustrated. This procedure is described with reference to the copolymerization of ethylene, propylene and 1,4- hexadiene in hexane as diluent using a mixture of V(acac) 3  in CH 2 Cl 2  and di-isobutyl aluminium chloride as catalyst. Monomers, solvent and catalyst enter the pipe-line reactor R 1  from lines 12, 13 and 14, the ethylene/propylene molar ratio in R 1  being 1/6. Effluent from R 1  passes to an evaporatively cooled pot reactor R 2 , which is also supplied with fresh catalyst and with benzotrichloride, (i-Bu) 3 Al and (i-Bu) 2 AlCl to rejuvenate the catalyst from lines 6 and 7. Monomer vapours from R 2  are removed by line 9, purged of contaminants, condensed, and recycled partly to R 1  and partly to R 2 . The ethylene/propylene ratio in R 2  is 1/10 in the liquid phase. The product is withdrawn from R 2 , stripped of monomers (which are recycled by line 2) and of solvent and hexadiene (which are recycled by line 11), and removed at 21. The value of M W /M N  for the final product is 2À63 compared with values of about 2 for each stage separately.
Patent GB-1285199-A (GB)
Title: Gas diffusion electrode
IPC: H01M4/96
Filed: 1969-10-15
Abstract: 1285199 Electrocatalysts WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORP 15 Oct 1969 [18 Nov 1968] 50665/69 Heading B1E [Also in Division H1] In example III a mixture of C, PTFE, fibrous potassium titanate and chloroplatinic acid is applied as catalyst layer to a gold-plated nickel mesh backed with a similar platinumfree composition: the composite is heated to 350C and then hot pressed at 300C and 2000 lbs to form an electrode.
Patent GB-1403365-A (GB)
Title: Feeders
IPC: G05D7/06
Filed: 1971-11-02
Abstract: 1403365 Automatic control of fluid flow SIMON ENG Ltd 25 Aug 1972 [2 Nov 1971]  50793/71 Heading G3R To control the flow (mass per unit time) of material (granular, powder or liquid) from a hopper 10 by a feeder 11, the combined weight of material and hopper is continuously measured electrically and the signal differentiated before comparison with a reference value, any difference being used to adjust means 12 for regulating the flow, the hopper and feeder being supported on a cantilever beam 14, rigidly supported at 15 and the proximity of this beam to a detector 16 being used as a measure of the weight. The system is held at its last setting while the hopper is refilled.
Patent GB-1094629-A (GB)
Title: Method of and sealing means for closing the two parts of a tube during the cutting thereof
Inventor: PESENTI PIERRE
IPC: B23D23/00
Filed: 1964-12-15
Abstract: 1,094,629. Jointing by forging; pipe-end closing; dividing. EUROPEAN ATOMIC ENERGY COMMUNITY (EURATOM) and ANCIENS ETABLISSEMENTS MICHEL FRERES. Dec. 15, 1964 [Dec. 18, 1963], No. 51081/64. Headings B3H and B3W. During the cutting of a tube 1, one or both of the cut ends are sealed by pressing a sealing member 8 against an annular seating 4 in the tube. The tube may comprise two parts 1a, 1b of stainless steel joined together by a welded-on stainless steel sleeve 1c housing a pair of aluminium sealing plugs 8, 9 supported by steel wires 10, and a pair of nickel-steel balls 6, 7. The ends of the tube parts 1a, 1b have sharp edges 4, 5. When the tube is cut along the plane C-C, the balls 6, 7 are pressed apart by the cutting shears and force the aluminium plugs 8, 9 on to the sharp edges 4, 5. The cut ends are also deformed inwardly to retain the balls therein, Fig. 3 (not shown). In anothere mbodiment, Figs. 2, 4 (not shown) six steel balls are used. The cutting operation may take place under water and if the tube carries radioactive products, the operation may be remotely controlled.
Patent GB-1110190-A (GB)
Title: Knitted turkish or terry towelling
IPC: D04B1/02
Filed: 1965-02-17
Abstract: 1,110,190. Knitted fabrics. R. BITZER. 17 Feb., 1965 [17 Feb., 1964], No. 51424/67. Divided out of 1,107,890. Heading D1K. Knitted Turkish or Terry towelling comprises a basic fabric of alternate rows of plain and purl stitches of threads 1-4 and plush loops 5a-7a provided in each row of stitches by further threads 5-7 the rows of plush loops lying alternately on opposite sides of the fabric.
Patent GB-1598918-A (GB)
Title: Digital motor speed regulator and control system
IPC: H02P23/00
Filed: 1977-12-12
Abstract: A programmed data processor (64) is used which reads out the current consumption, the rotation speed and the rotation direction of the motor (12) at predetermined points in time and, from this, calculates the triggering angle for the rectifier (94) in a rectifier bridge. Furthermore, logic circuits (72, 84) are used which contain counters, record the value calculated by the processor for the triggering angle and from which this value is read out by a clock transmitter (60), which is controlled by the supply-voltage source, and a triggering pulse is produced. At the same time as each triggering pulse, a program request signal for the data processor is produced, which causes the latter to calculate the triggering angle for the next rectifier to be triggered. <IMAGE>