baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent DE-3681195-D1 (DE)
Inventor: LUNDQUIST JOSEPH THEODORE
IPC: H01M50/451
Filed: 1986-05-09
Granted: 1991-10-10
Abstract: A multiply sheet product useful as a battery separator having at least two plies each in the form of a microporous sheet of predetermined length and breath and a thickness of less than 10 mils wherein (a) at least one of said ply being a sheet capable of transforming to a substantially non-porous membrane at a temperature between about 80°C and 150°C while essentially maintaining its length and breath dimensions and (b) at least one ply being a sheet capable of maintaining its dimensions and porosity at temperatures from ambient to at least about 10°C greater than the transformation temperature of sheet (a).
Patent DE-3681578-D1 (DE)
Inventor: MASQUELIER MICHELE
IPC: A61K47/44
Filed: 1986-06-17
Granted: 1991-10-24
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/SE86/00291 Sec. 371 Date Feb. 12, 1987 Sec. 102(e) Date Feb. 12, 1987 PCT Filed Jun. 17, 1986 PCT Pub. No. WO86/07539 PCT Pub. Date Dec. 31, 1986.The invention relates to a method for the preparation of a carrier loaded with lipophilic biologically active substance based on reconstituted LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein), wherein (1) LDL is lyophilized in the presence of a protective agent; (2) the lyophilized LDL is extracted with an organic solvent; (3) the biologically active substance solubilized in a solvent is incubated with extracted LDL; the solvent is evaporated and the reconstituted LDL solubilized in an aqueous buffer; the non-incorporated biologically active substance is separated from the LDL-complex, characterized in that in step (1) the protective agent is a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a water-soluble polysaccharide, a sugar alcohol or a mixture of these and in step (3) optionally the extract obtained during the extraction of the lyophilized LDL is mixed with the lipophilic biologically active substance solubilized in an organic solvent and this mixture is then incubated with the LDL. Preferred protective agents are sucrose, glucose and fructose. The reconstituted LDL obtained by the claimed process have properties similar to native LDL in vitro and in vivo.
Patent DE-3682160-D1 (DE)
Inventor: YOUNG ROBERT N
IPC: C07D215/18
Filed: 1986-10-08
Granted: 1991-11-28
Abstract: Novel compounds have the formula: <CHEM>  or are pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. In the formula: Y is -(CR<2>=CR<2>)n-, -(C IDENTICAL C)n-, -CR<2>R<2>-X-, -X-CR<2>R<2>-, -CR<2>R<2>-X-CR<2>R<2>-, <CHEM>  X, C=O, -NR<2>- @-, or -@-NR<2>-; R<1> is H, halogen, C1-8 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, -CF3, -OR<2>, -SR<2>, -SOR<2>, -SO2R<2>, -NR<2>R<2>, -CHO, -COOR<2>, -(C=O)R<2>, -C(OH)R<2>R<2>, -CN, -NO2, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenethyl; R<2> is H, C1-8 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, -CF3, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenethyl;  R<3> is -(A)m-(CR<6>=CR<6>)p-(CR<2>R<4>)m-Q; R<4> is H, halogen, -NO2, -CN, -OR<2>, -SR<2>, NR<2>R<2>, or C1-8 alkyl;  R<5> is <CHEM>    R<6> is H or C1-4 alkyl; R<7> is A) a monocyclic or bicyclic heterocyclic radical containing from 3 to 12 nuclear carbon atoms and 1 or 2 nuclear heteroatoms from N, S or O, each ring in the hererocyclic radical being formed of 5 or 6 atoms, or  B) the radical W-R<8>; R<8> contains up to 21 carbon atoms and is (1) a hydrocarbon radical or (2) an acyl radical of an organic acyclic or monocyclic carboxylic acid containing not more than 1 heteroatom in the ring;  R<9> is -OR<1><0>, -SR<1><0>, or NR<1><0>R<1><0>; R<1><0> is H, C1-6 alkyl, -(C=O)R<1><1>, unsubstituted phenyl or unsubstituted benzyl; R<1><1> is H, C1-8 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, -CF3, or unsubstituted phenyl, benzyl, or phenethyl;  R<1><2> is R<2> or halogen;  m is 0-8;  n is 1 or 2;  p is 0 or 1;  s is 0-3;  A is -CR<4>R<4>-, or =C=O; Q is -COOR<2>, tetrazole, -COOR<5>, -CONHSO2R<1><1>, -CN, -CONR<1><0>R<1><0>, -NHSO2R<1><1> (but only when the sum of m, m and P in R<3> is greater than 0); or if Q is COOH and R<3> contains an R<4> which is -OH, -SH, or -NHR<2> then Q and R<4> and the carbons through which they are attached may form a heterocyclic ring with loss of water;  w is O, S, or NH; and  X is O, S, -SO, -SO2, or -NR<2>. The compounds are antagonists of leukotrienes and inhibitors of their biosynthesis and are useful as anti-asthmatic, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective agents.
Patent DE-3683450-D1 (DE)
Inventor: RODI ANTON
IPC: H02P7/298
Filed: 1986-10-23
Granted: 1992-02-27
Abstract: A semiconductor power control device drives a dc motor in one direction and a second similar device in the other direction. A separator device is provided that at least upon failure of one particular power control device electrically separates that circuit from the remaining circuit, and connects that remaining circuit with the other power control device instead. Each power control device may be a controllable rectifier, esp. a three-phase ac bridge rectifier (7,8), and the separator device may be a mechanical switch arrangement. An additional brake is pref. provided for the occurrence of a failure of the particular power control device, the brake (23) being electrically operable.
Patent DE-3687228-D1 (DE)
IPC: G01S17/87
Filed: 1986-09-05
Granted: 1993-01-14
Abstract: The optoelectronic device for simulated target practice has a projector (1,2) directing an incoherent light beam (3) with a given cone angle onto a spaced retroflector (5) with detection of the reflected light (6).  A second laser light source (10,11) provides a narrow monochromatic beam (13) directed onto the same retroreflector (5) using the detected monochromatic light reflected from the retroreflector (5). Pref. the monochromatic light beam (3) has a cone angle of between 1 and 5 deg. and is provided by a gas discharge lamp, or a flash light, with the reflected light received by a CCD television camera (7,8).
Patent DE-3687778-D1 (DE)
Title: Addierzelle fuer carry-ripple-addierer in cmos-technik.
Inventor: KNAUER KARL
IPC: G06F7/506
Filed: 1986-08-25
Granted: 1993-03-25
Abstract: A full adder stage build using CMOS technology is used as the basis of a ripple through adder, used to minimise carry propagation time and so improve operating speed. The carry generation condition is dependent upon the bit combination of the two bits (A,B) to be added. NAND and NOR gates  together with inverter (3,4) generate signals for input  gating stages. The gates are provided bi 'p' and 'n' channel FET elements that receive a control signal as the carry input (in) and which is derived from the carry of the lower order adder. Additional logic elements and gates produce the sum output.
Patent DE-3688078-D1 (DE)
Inventor: RADICE PETER FRANCIS
IPC: H01L41/29
Filed: 1986-10-02
Granted: 1993-04-22
Abstract: Piezoelectric transducer (10) is made from a piezoelectric polymer film (14') which has ground electrode (48) with lead (52) deposited on one surface and a signal generating electrode (42) with lead (46) on the other, the leads being parallel but in staggered relationship. Electrical connections are made to the leads by electrically disposing them on the same film surface. This is achieved by forming a channel (60) through the film which pierces one of the leads (46) to form a pierced lead and applying conductive material (62) over the channel to provide a linking lead on opposite surfaces, the conductive material coating the sidewalls of the channel to effect continuity between pierced lead and linking lead. The conductive material is resilient, durable, and rubber-like. It has a polymer matrix in which conductive metal, silver, nickel, or copper, is embedded. The electrodes and leads are made of the same conducting material.
Patent DE-3760937-D1 (DE)
Title: Process for the purification of s02-containing flue gases
Inventor: FAHLENKAMP HANS DR
IPC: B01D53/68
Filed: 1987-02-02
Granted: 1989-12-14
Abstract: 1. A process for purifying smoke gases containing SO2 , - in which the smoke gases are washed in two subsequent stages with aqueous absorption-solutions which had been made to circulate, an aqueous limestone-suspension being used in the first stage, and - in which the reaction products of the second stage are introduced into the washing liquid of the first stage, characterized by the use of an aqueous NaOH, KOH, Mg(OH)2 or NH4 OH solution as an absorption solution in the second stage.
Patent DE-3764067-D1 (DE)
Inventor: STEUERWALD GERHARD DIPL ING
IPC: B60L9/18
Filed: 1987-11-06
Granted: 1990-09-06
Abstract: 1. Device for controlling a polyphase machine supplied via an inverter, the direct current fed on the input side from the contact wire to the inverter without an additional input current converter being supplied to a bandpass filter (17) to filter a disturbance frequency (fstör 1) to be suppressed, characterized in that the output signal of the bandpass filter (17) is added directly in antiphase to the desired torque value (MsoII) via a disturbing current controller (19).
Patent DE-3765897-D1 (DE)
Inventor: GRAHAM JOHN FLETCHER
IPC: B65H3/04
Filed: 1987-08-24
Granted: 1990-12-06
Abstract: In a system comprising a replaceable cartridge [40] having belts [22,24] retaining idler wheels [18,20[ supportive of the belts [22,24] and a paper drive wheel [16] in recesses [106,108,110] on a carcass [28] under belt tension when the cartridge is not on a base, the base comprises a tensioning system [66,76,74,90] whereby an inserted cartridge [40] has the wheel members [16,18,20] spaced away from the carcass [28] as the belts [22,24] are tensioned to allow rotation of the wheel members [16,18,20]. The drive wheel [16] is retained upon a feed hub assembly [26] by a click-on click-off mechanism requiring only single handed operation.
Patent DE-3766032-D1 (DE)
Inventor: STOLZ GERHARD DIPL ING
IPC: H03K17/082
Filed: 1987-07-24
Granted: 1990-12-13
Abstract: The circuit arrangement contains, in at least one main circuit, a current measuring device and, as electronic switch, a field-effect transistor (81). In this arrangement, the limiting of the instantaneous current value should be associated with little expenditure and little additional losses. This is achieved by the fact that the current measuring device (8) contains, particularly represents, the drain-source path of the field-effect transistor (81). The circuit arrangement can be advantageously applied with externally clocked inverters. <IMAGE>
Patent DE-3766939-D1 (DE)
Inventor: BIEDERMANN LUTZ
IPC: A61F2/00
Filed: 1987-10-28
Granted: 1991-02-07
Abstract: A prosthesis in the form of a hollow, cylindrical jacket for insertion in the gap between adjacent bone ends, the jacket being provided with reticulated sides and with toothed ends for engagement with the bone ends.
Patent DE-3772649-D1 (DE)
Inventor: HENDRIKS ALBERTUS GERRIT
IPC: B65B37/06
Filed: 1987-06-24
Granted: 1991-10-10
Abstract: The invention concerns an apparatus for dispensing measured quantities of a liquid or liquefied material, comprising first pumping means (3), capable of delivering a continuous flow of material, second pumping (13) downflow from said first pumping means, said second pumping means being capable of delivering less than the amount fed thereto by said first pumping means, a recirculation line (8), connected to the line (6) connecting said first and said second pumping means, said recirculation line being provided with a valve and means for compensating excess of material fed by said first pumping means, which means (10) for compensating excess material are present in said connecting line, and can activate a switch for opening said valve. In order to obviate possible problems concerning contaminating, and to provide longer production runs, the invention is characterized in that said means for compensating excess material comprise membrane (11) which is impermeable for said liquid or liquefied material.
Patent DE-3773997-D1 (DE)
Title: Flammwidrige, thermoplastische formmassen.
Inventor: KRESS HANS-JUERGEN
IPC: C08K5/53
Filed: 1987-05-12
Granted: 1991-11-28
Abstract: Thermoplastic moulding materials comprise 50-90 pts. wt. Hal-free polydiorgano-siloxane/polycarbonate block copolymer (I), 10-50 pts.wt. Hal-free copolymer (II), 1-20 pts.wt. (w.r.t. I + II) Hal-free P-cpd. of formula (R1O)(R2O)P(O)-On-R3 (III) and 0.05-2 pts.wt. tetrafluoro-ethylene polymer (IV) incorporated as a coagulated mixt.with emulsions contg. 0.1-4 pts. wt. Hal-free graft copolymer (V), with wt. ratio (V):(IV) from 95:5 to 6);40. (I) has Mw 10,000-200,000 and contains 75-99 wt.% aromatic carbonate units and 25-1 wt.% siloxanes units mfd. from alpha, omega-bisydroxy-aryloxy-terminated polydiorganosiloxanes with Pn 5-100; (II) comprises 95-70 wt.% styrene, alpha-Me- or nuclear-substd.-styrene and 5-30 wt.% maleic anhydride; (III) has R1, R2, R3 = 1-8C alkyl or opt. alkyl-substd. 6-20C aryl; and n = 0 or 1; TFE polymer (IV) has particle size 0.05-20 microns and density 1.2-1.9 g/cm3, (V) comprises 95-10 pts.wt. rubber with Tg not above 10 deg.C, grafted with 5-90 pts.wt. of a mixt. of 50-95 wt.% styrene (or derivs. as above) or MMA, and 50-5 wt.% (meth)acrylonitrile, MMA, maleic anhydride, or N-substd. maleimide. The components are mixed and then melt-compounded or -extruded at 200-330 deg.C as usual.
Patent DE-3775931-D1 (DE)
Inventor: MEYER WILHELM
IPC: B23K26/00
Filed: 1987-12-30
Granted: 1992-02-20
Abstract: A detector receives scattered radiation and the course of the function in time is assessed and used to control the laser beam. The laser (1) passes its pulses via a high-speed optical switch (2) to the optics (3). The output extends via an optical fibre (6) to the workpiece (M). The system (3) includes a semitransparent mirror (4) and a first lens (5) for focusing. The second lens focuses reflected light to the detector. A processor (9) has two threshold detectors which control through logic circuits (10) both the laser (11) and the optical switch (12).
Patent DE-3781624-D1 (DE)
Inventor: BARON KLAUS UWE DR RER NAT
IPC: G01C19/72
Filed: 1987-05-23
Granted: 1992-10-15
Abstract: At least one part of the optical fibre is wound around or otherwise attached to a piezoelectric body (1) which is stimulated by a modulation voltage to produce the phase modulation.  A phase modulation stabilisation stage is included. A measurement transducer (4,5) attached to the piezoelectric body (1) determines the oscillation state. A differential amplifier (8) compares the transducer output with a reference value in amplitude.  A control element (7) influences the stimulation voltage amplitude according to the amplifier output.  Alternatively, the modulation voltage can be compared with the transducer output in phase and the modulation voltage frequency regulated accordingly.
Patent DE-3782186-D1 (DE)
Inventor: GARDZIELLA ARNO DR
IPC: C04B35/01
Filed: 1987-03-04
Granted: 1992-11-19
Abstract: A moulding material resistant to high temp. contains, as C-forming binder, a phenol novolak with molar ratio of phenol: HCHO of 1 : 0.2-0.4, and the usual fillers.
Patent DE-3785651-D1 (DE)
Inventor: RAHIM SAAD GEORGE
IPC: C07H19/06
Filed: 1987-12-14
Granted: 1993-06-03
Abstract: The present invention relates to certain 5-substituted pyrimidine nucleosides and pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof and their use in the treatment and prophylaxis of varicella zoster virus, cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr virus infections. Also provided are pharmaceutical formulations and processes for the preparation of the compounds according to the invention.
Patent DE-3786428-D1 (DE)
Inventor: BLAKE DAVID C
IPC: E05B65/46
Filed: 1987-01-21
Granted: 1993-08-12
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/AU87/00014 Sec. 371 Date Sep. 21, 1987 Sec. 102(e) Date Sep. 21, 1987 PCT Filed Jan. 21, 1987 PCT Pub. No. WO87/04481 PCT Pub. Date Jul. 30, 1987.A lockable security system, preferably a security drawer system (10), which uses an electronic combination lock (62, 64, 66) to control opening of the drawer (12). The invention includes a cam (80, 106) which co-operates with locking pin (86, 134) to prevent unauthorized access.
Patent DE-3787029-D1 (DE)
Inventor: YOSHIMURA NARIHIKO
IPC: C10N40/04
Filed: 1987-06-26
Granted: 1993-09-16
Abstract: Fluid is prepd. by blending 0.1-70 wt.% of branched poly-alpha-olefin with a diester cpd. of formula (I) or its derivs. In (I) A' is -COO- or -OOC-; n = 1-6; R1 is one or more of H or 1-8C alkyl gps.; R2 is one or more of 1-3C alkyl  gps. The blend ratio of poly-alpha-olefin is 10-50 wt.% and its ave. mol. wt. is 500-10,000. Pref. the poly-alpha-olefin is polybutene. Pref. diester cpds. are those where R1 is one or more of H and 1-4C alkyl gps., n = 1-3, and R2 being CH3.
Patent DE-3862563-D1 (DE)
Inventor: KRAUSE HANS-JOACHIM DR
IPC: C08J3/16
Filed: 1988-09-29
Granted: 1991-05-29
Abstract: The thickening agent (thickener) for physically drying paints and coatings which contain binders which are soluble in white spirit is a copolymer which forms a gel in white spirit and contains (a) from 7 to 15% by weight of acrylates and/or methacrylates of monoalkanols having 8 carbon atoms,  (b) from 0.05 to 0.2% by weight of a crosslinking agent,  (c) from 25 to 35% by weight of styrene and (d) from 49.8 to 67.95% by weight of at least one acrylate and/or methacrylate of monoalkanols having 4 carbon atoms, in copolymerised form, with the proviso that the total of the % by weight for (a) to (d) is always 100. The thickener is prepared by emulsion polymerisation of the parent monomers in the presence of alkylsulphonates as emulsifier.
Patent DE-3862958-D1 (DE)
Inventor: REUNAMAEKI PAULI TAPANI
IPC: C03B27/04
Filed: 1988-03-14
Granted: 1991-07-04
Abstract: The invention relates to an adjusting device for the blast pressure in cooling nozzles (9) of a glass tempering apparatus, said device comprising at least two blowers (1, 3), each with its own vane adjuster (2, 4), blast ducts (8) between the blowers and an air-distribution chamber (10), and a by-pass duct (7) linking said blast ducts (8). Between blast duct (8) and air-distribution chamber (10) downstream of by-pass duct (7) there is fitted a throttle valve (5), which is in a throttle position when one blower (1) is running with its vane adjuster shut off and the other blower (3) is stopped with vane adjuster (4) partly or completely open. Thus, merely by adjusting said vane adjusters (2, 4) it is possible to cover a pressure range of 5 - 7000 Pa which is sufficient for glass thicknesses of 4 - 19 mm.
Patent DE-3866549-D1 (DE)
Inventor: RENZ WALTER ING GRAD
IPC: E05D15/52
Filed: 1988-01-12
Granted: 1992-01-09
Abstract: The window or door leaf fitting has a top bearing with two eyes (11,12) spaced in the vertical direction, for coupling to a leaf control arm. Each eye is mounted on, or integral with, a bearing component (13,14), in turn, mounted on a support plate (16). Each component is pref. of right angle section, fixed by its longer arm (17), while its shorter one forms the eye. The longer arm can have protruding edges (21), by which it fits round the support plate.
Patent DE-3868281-D1 (DE)
Inventor: LUTZ GERHARD
IPC: F01C20/28
Filed: 1988-11-19
Granted: 1992-03-12
Abstract: The compressed-air motor with rotary piston has a shaft coupled to the latter and protruding from the housing (1). The latter is hermetically-sealed by pressure-resistant encapsulation. A flame trap (28) fits in both the air supply (7) and exhaust (37) pipes. These traps can be sintered metal, particularly high-grade steel in powder and fibre form.
Patent DE-3869015-D1 (DE)
Inventor: STEPPE ERICH
IPC: F16C33/08
Filed: 1988-08-05
Granted: 1992-04-16
Abstract: The shaft of the e.g. printer, has its ends located in a special bearing (2) which has a snap fastening in the slot (6) cut into the top of the support wall (1). The sides of the slot are parallel and with two cut-outs (9,10) into which sprung retainers (15,16) attached to the bearing are clipped. The spring-loaded retainers have ratchet profiles to grip the cut-outs and the bearing is clipped into place in a simple action. To release the bearing the spring clips are pressed together by a special tool.
Patent DE-3871035-D1 (DE)
Inventor: SIPILAE EERO SEPPO KALERVO
IPC: B65G1/16
Filed: 1988-08-04
Granted: 1992-06-17
Abstract: The invention relates to a method of and a storage rack for storing glass sheets in a substantially upright position spaced at a small distance from each other. Intermediate supports (2), together with a lever arm (4), form a bell crank whose angular point is linked to a carrier beam (8) by means of a pivot (9). The free end of each lever (4) carries a roller or a sliding surface (5), positioned at a location between intermediate supports (2). As the glass sheets are placed on the rack in a manner that the lower edge of glass sheet (7) is set upon rollers (5), the dead weight of a glass sheet lifts up the intermediate supports (2) for separating the glass sheets from each other.
Patent DE-3880112-D1 (DE)
Inventor: BALBO PATRICK
IPC: F41A19/57
Filed: 1988-12-15
Granted: 1993-05-13
Abstract: The invention relates to a breech wedge for artillery cannon, of a type that includes means for supporting a primer-cartridge magazine that is driven in translation and rotation under the control of an assembly consisting of a rack and pinion. This first pinion is mounted on a shaft supporting a second pinion, which cooperates with a second rack integral with a fork sliding on the wedge. A control lever pivots on the breech sleeve and supports a roller, which cooperates with a groove in the fork in such a way as to slide the fork on the breech wedge. A second roller cooperates with a groove in the wedge in such a way as to cause the wedge to slide on the breech sleeve.
Patent DE-3882475-D1 (DE)
Inventor: YANG DAVID K
IPC: C11C3/00
Filed: 1988-09-22
Granted: 1993-08-26
Abstract: Reduced calorie edible fats and oils comprising triglycerides synthesized (tailored) with a particular combination of saturated medium chain fatty acids, saturated long chain fatty acids, and unsaturated long chain fatty acids are disclosed. In addition to providing caloric reduction, these tailored triglycerides also have acceptable autoignition characteristics making them suitable for use in shortenings and cooking oils.
Patent DE-3888102-D1 (DE)
Inventor: MEISSER CLAUDIO
IPC: H02K41/035
Filed: 1988-10-28
Granted: 1994-04-07
Abstract: The invention relates to a device for carrying out a precise adjusting movement, oriented in the plane of the X- and/or Y- direction, of a bond head, designed for example as a gripper, with respect to a work station. 
<??>One preferred exemplary embodiment of the device (100) comprises essentially a sliding plate (15), a supporting element (20), a first and second drive (25, 30), for carrying out the said adjusting movements, a guide device (50), provided with a sliding part (60) and guide part (51), as well as an integrated measuring device (80) for detecting the movements of the supporting element (20) oriented in the X- and/or Y- direction. 
<??>In the device (100), the supporting element (20) is supported in the horizontal plane with translation and rotation degrees of freedom by means of an air bearing (1), which can be pretensioned with a vacuum, on the sliding plate (15) and vertically with an air bearing (3), which can be pretensioned with a vacuum, on the sliding part (60), the sliding part (60) additionally being supported with an air bearing (2), which can be pretensioned with a vacuum, on the sliding plate (15) and with a back-pressure air bearing (4) between two webs (53, 54) of the guide part (51). 
<IMAGE>
Patent DE-50002275-D1 (DE)
Inventor: KAPPLER HANS-PETER
IPC: G01B5/02
Filed: 2000-10-11
Granted: 2003-06-26
Abstract: The fibre length measurement unit has a work piece support bed (3) with probe (21), measurement rod (7) and spring parallelogram (9) to display the length on the dial (18).
Patent DE-50007113-D1 (DE)
Inventor: BAUMJOHANN MATTHIAS
IPC: A47C23/06
Filed: 2000-09-01
Granted: 2004-08-26
Abstract: The element is designed for supporting slats or supportive plates in the frame and comprises upper and lower C-shaped leaf springs (10,12) which face towards each other and are connected at their ends. A helical spring (52) is provided between the two leaf springs.