Patent GB-1337080-A (GB)
Title: Electronic control devices for multistage gear boxes
IPC: B60W10/10
Filed: 1971-04-19
Abstract: 1337080 Change-speed control SOC ANON AUTOMOBILES CITROEN 19 April 1971 [10 March 1970] 23569/71 Heading F2D In an electronic control for a four or five ratio transmission on a motor-vehicle, which automatically selects between all ratios or only the upper two, in accordance with engine speed and load; and in which the vehicle engine has electonic equipment for timing the duration of fuel injection, in accordance inter alia with engine speed and intake depression; the load parameter for ratio shift in the transmission is provided by the injection duration control. Ratio shift is facilitated by cutting off fuel injection during upshift, and there are various safety devices to cover excess voltage at high speed; prevent upshift on accelerator release for engine braking; locking a manual selector to prevent 5-3 downshift; and delaying upshift to fifth ratio from a manual setting to avoid a possible 3-5 upshift. In Fig. 1, upshift and downshift threshold detectors (flip-flops) 7, 8, issue positive signal pulses 29, 30 (30 from an inverter 28) to changeover a bi-stable flip-flop 36, energizing, through a power amplifier 38, an electro-valve EV, controlling only two ratios, or stepping a valve controlling hydraulic jacks of a multi-ratio gear, as described in U.K. Specification No. 1,295,060. The detectors 7, 8 receive enginespeed voltage signals from differently set voltage dividers 13, 14, fed by a D.C. signal from an integrator 11, receiving a square-wave pulse 4 at engine-speed frequency from a calibrator 3, fed by an ignition-triggered speed-dependent frequency generator. The detectors 7, 8 also receive fuel injection duration signals from upshift and downshift output circuits 22, 23, fed through a memory 21 by a sawtooth generator 19, receiving the square-wave injection-duration pulse 6, the memory retaining the voltage peaks to produce a continuous D.C. signal proportional to injection duration, this signal being processed in the circuits 22, 23 to desired non-linear curves, Figs. 5 and 6, not shown. The non-linear proportionality is such that, for injection-duration values of the output of circuit 22 less than a predetermined value, the threshold detector 7 responds to engine speed only, whilst above that value to both speed and injection-duration, until above a second predetermined injection-duration value the duration voltage becomes constant, which corresponds to the maximum permissible engine speed. These relationships are given graphically in combined curves, Fig. 8, not shown. During upshift, fuel injection is suspended for a timed interval by an upshift signal from the output amplifier 38 to a timer 40 controlling a cut-off circuit 33. Each threshold detector 7, 8 has its own updown hysteresis, and one detector alone may be used in place of the two shown. These produce respectively positive and negative shift-pulses, the pulse from 8 being inverted to positive in inverter 28. Additional memory circuits may be included between the voltage dividers 13, 14 and the respective detectors 7, 8, to prevent transient shifts due to change in engine speed consequent on shift. Fig. 13 shows the upshift and downshift signals 29, 30 of the Fig. 1 circuit applied to points V1, V2 to control electro-valves EV1 ... EV4 of four ratios, each having a flip-flop B1... B4 issuing shift signals to the valves. Initially all the signals are zeros, and the manual action of selecting forward drive produces an input pulse 35, which through an OR gate C1 and input e1, actuates the flip-flop B1 to produce an output signal S1 energizing the first ratio valve EV1. Receipt of an upshift signal V1 applies pulses to all the flip-flop inputs e2 ... e8 through OR gates c2, c4, c6 and directly, the pulse e2 zeroizing the first ratio signal S1, but the response times are such that, before this happens the signal S1, together with the upshift pulse V1, open an AND gate d3 and OR gate c3 to actuate the flip-flop B2, energizing the second ratio shift-valve EV2 by a signal S2. The alternate energizing and de-energizing of the shift-valves may be subject to delay devices not described. The start terminal 35 may be signalled, not as shown to produce actual energization of the first ratio shift-valve EV1, but only to give permission for it to be energized by the first upshift signal pulse V1, for which purpose an additional flip-flop and AND gate will be provided. In Fig. 15, not shown, the shift circuit of Fig. 1 controls automatic shift between high (fifth) ratio and fourth in an otherwise manual transmission, with upshift permission in manual fourth setting only. To avoid the possibility of a direct 3-5 upshift, the grounding of the power amplifier 38, Fig. 1, controlling the shift to fifth ratio, is completed, after manual authorization of the upshift in manual fourth setting, by closure of a selector operated switch (47, Fig. 14, not shown), which also controls a mono-stable timing circuit (60), delaying the grounding of the amplifier 38 through a transistor (61) to avoid omitting fourth ratio.  To prevent the automatic 4-5 upshift on complete accelerator release, thus maintaining engine braking in fourth ratio, the shift flipflop 36, Fig. 1, is subject to a fifth ratio cut-out (66, Fig. 15, not shown), which prevents the issue of an upshift signal at 37 when it is activated by a signal from an AND gate (63) receiving one signal indicating that the accelerator is released, and another that fourth ratio is engaged. To prevent a possible manual 5-3 downshift whilst travelling in fifth ratio above a predetermined engine speed, the manual selector is locked in fourth ratio setting by a blocking device 44, Fig. 1, actuated by a high speed signal 45 and fifth ratio signal at EV, opening a gate 46. To ensure that the shift-valve EV, Fig. 1, is retained energized at high engine-speeds, even if the bi-stable flip-flop 36 fails, the speed voltage integrator 11 feeds a voltage limiter 42, a signal from which, together with fifth ratio signal at EV, opens a gate 43 to a volt-drop control 41, which holds the shift-valve energized. The usual electronically timed fuel injection equipment provides for full load enrichment, as determined by intake depression falling below 40 m.m.Hg., by producing a sudden increase in injection duration, which may occur at moderate throttle openings, and to prevent this causing an undesirable 5-4 downshift by the consequent over sensitivity of the accelerator control, the accelerator operates a switch, Fig. 12, locking the downshift output circuit 23 under the following conditions. The accelerator pedal directly operates an arm 51, carrying a contact 52, which during opening movement of the throttle (counterclockwise in Fig. 12), touches a contact 55 on an arm 53, tracking a fixed braking surface 56, the contacts separating during all throttle-closing movements. At throttle angles above a (60 degrees) during the opening movement, the contact 55 tracks a contact segment 57, connected to a blocking circuit (58, Fig. 11, not shown), which is thereby grounded by the accelerator arm 51, and releases the downshift output circuit 23 for normal control by injection-duration, whereas below this angle, and also during throttle closing, the blocking circuit is ungrounded, thus locking the downshift output circuit 23 so that shift speeds are independent of injection duration. The same contacts also control a timing circuit (59, Fig. 11, not shown) introducing several seconds delay into the upshift circuit 22 to delay 4-5 upshift and thus prevent hunting.