Patent GB-738665-A (GB)
Title: Emulsifiable hydrocarbon oils and emulsions thereof
Inventor: ELTON MAURICE
IPC: C09K23/00
Filed: 1952-11-24
Abstract: Emulsifiable oil compositions comprise a major proportion of a mineral lubricating oil and minor proportions of an oil-soluble naphthasulphonate, a fatty acid containing at least 10 carbon atoms and a water-soluble non-ionogenic emulsifier.  The fatty acid may be saturated or unsaturated and may be substituted by hydroxyl groups or halogen atoms; examples are oleic acid, oleines containing oleic, palmitic, stearic and linoleic acids, and mixtures of fatty acids with abietic acid and its hydrogenated derivatives such as are found in tall oil.  The non-ionogenic emulsifier may be a compound obtained by reacting a water-insoluble compound containing an amino, hydroxyl or carboxylic acid group with polyethylene glycols or ethylene oxide and/or the corresponding propylene compounds.  Examples are the polyoxyethylene esters of oleic, stearic or naphthenic acid containing 6-15 ethenoxy groups; the condensation product of oleyl alcohol with 6-15 molecules of ethylene oxide; condensation products of alkyl phenols containing at least 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl group with alkylene oxides or polyethylene glycols, for example the condensation product of p-isooctyl phenol with 10 moles ethylene oxide or of isohexyl phenol with 7 moles ethylene oxide; water-soluble partial esters of polyhydric alcohols such as the laurates, oleates, palmitates and stearates of anhydrosorbitols and ethylene oxide derivatives thereof, and the higher fatty acid partial esters of glycerol polyethers obtained by polymerizing glycerol; and compounds known under the names of Cithrol, Estax and Lissapol. Optional ingredients of the composition comprise solvents such as monohydric alcohols, e.g. butyl and amyl alcohols, cyclohexanol, diacetone alcohol, phenols, glycols, e.g. hexylene glycol and polyethylene glycol, and glycol monoethers such as ethylene glycol ethyl or butyl ether; additional surface-active agents such as glyceryl mono- or di-oleate, glyceryl mono- or di-stearate, diglycol laurate, alkali metal salts of sulphuric acid esters of higher primary and secondary alcohols and alkali metal salts of alkyl aryl sulphonates; anti-oxidants such as alpha- and beta-naphthylamine, 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary butyl phenol, N-butyl p-phenylene diamine, tetramethyl diaminodiphenyl methane and petroleum alkyl phenols; anti-foaming agents such as silicones and dispersions of N,N1-distearyl ethylene diamine or N,N1-distearyl hexamethylene diamine in mineral oil; corrosion inhibitors such as primary amines containing 6-18 carbon atoms, e.g. octylamine and octadecylamine and heterocyclic nitrogen compounds such as alkyl substituted oxazolines and fatty acid salts thereof; extreme pressure agents such as phosphorus esters, neutral aromatic sulphur or selenium compounds, sulphurized fatty oils, sulphurized esters, sulphurized long chain olefins, sulphurized phosphorized fatty oils, acids or esters and chlorinated hydrocarbons; and pesticides such as salicylanilide, 4,41-dichlorodiphenyl-1,1,11-trichloroethane, the gamma isomer of benzene hexachloride, dinitrophenols such as 2,4-dinitro-orthocresol, diphenyl sulphone, pyrethrins, alpha-naphthalene acetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid, pentachlorophenol, isopropyl n-phenyl carbamate, aliphatic amines containing at least 8 carbon atoms, amines derived from paraffin wax and naphthenylamines, and products sold under the Trade names Toxaphene, Aldrin and Dieldrin; and polyethylene glycol as a stabilizer.  Proscouring agents for textile oils such as the alkylolamines, such as the ethanolamines and propanolamines, trimethylolaminomethane and diglycerylamine may also be added, either as the free bases or as the salt with acids such as phosphoric, acetic, oleic, palmitic or stearic acids.  The words "Estox" and "Lissapol" are Registered Trade Marks.ALSO:Emulsifiable oil compositions which, as aqueous emulsions, may be used as horticultural oils comprise a major proportion of a mineral lubricating oil and minor proportions of an oil-soluble naphthasulphonate, a fatty acid containing at least 10 carbon atoms and a water-soluble non-ionogenic emulsifier.  The fatty acid may be saturated or unsaturated and may be substituted by hydroxyl groups or halogen atoms; examples are oleic acid, oleines containing oleic, palmitic, stearic and linoleic acids, and mixtures of fatty acids with abietic acid and its hydrogenated derivatives such as are found in tall oil.  The non-ionogenic emulsifier may be a compound obtained by reacting a water-insoluble compound containing an amino, hydroxyl or carboxylic acid group with polyethylene glycols or ethylene oxide and/or the corresponding propylene compounds.  Examples are the polyoxyethylene esters of oleic, stearic or naphthenic acid containing 6-15 ethenoxy groups; the condensation product of oleyl alcohol with 6-15 molecules of ethylene oxide; condensation products of alkyl phenols containing at least 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl group with alkylene oxides or polyethylene glycols, for example the condensation product of p-isooctyl phenol with 10 moles ethylene oxide or of isohexyl phenol with 7 moles ethylene oxide; water-soluble partial esters of polyhydric alcohols such as the laurates, oleates, palmitates and stearates of anhydrosorbitols and ethylene oxide derivatives thereof, and the higher fatty acid partial esters of glycerol polyethers obtained by polymerizing glycerol. Optional ingredients of the composition comprise solvents such as monohydric alcohols, e.g. butyl and amyl alcohols, cyclohexanol, diacetone alcohol, phenols, glycols, e.g. hexylene glycol and polyethylene glycol, and glycol monoethers such as ethylene glycol ethyl or butyl ether; additional surface-active agents such as glyceryl mono or dioleate, glyceryl mono or di-stearate, diglycol laurate, alkali metal salts of sulphuric acid esters of higher primary and secondary alcohols and alkali metal salts of alkyl aryl sulphonates; and pesticides such as salicylanilide, 4,41 - dichlorodiphenyl, 1,1,1 - trichloroethane, the gamma isomer of benzene hexachloride, dinitrophenols such as 2,4-dinitro-orthocresol, diphenyl sulphone, pyrethrins, alpha-naphthalene acetic acid, 2,4-dichloro-phenoxy acetic acid, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid, pentachlorophenol, isopropyl n-phenyl carbamate, aliphatic amines containing at least 8 carbon atoms, amines derived from paraffin wax and naphthenylamines, and products sold under the Trade names " Toxaphene, " " Aldrin, " and " Dieldrin "; and polyethylene glycol as a stabilizer.