Patent GB-1369087-A (GB)
Title: Electromagnetic flowmeter measuring system
IPC: G01F1/60
Filed: 1971-09-09
Abstract: 1369087 Measuring fluid-flow electrically BAILEY METER CO 9 Sept 1971 [11 Sept 1970] 42177/71 Heading G1N An A.C. induction flowmeter system mitigates the effects of in-phase and quadrature error signals and variations in amplitude and frequency of the supply. A.C. energized coils 16, 16' provide an alternating magnetic field across pipe 12 and the flow induced signal is picked up by electrodes 14, 14' which are connected by twisted shielded leads 44, 44' to respective inputs of a differential F.E.T. source follower 50 driving the magnetic shields. In order to eliminate quadrature voltages from passing to the circuit 50 the leads 44, 44' are each terminated with a balancing resistor which is adjusted to provide a balanced bridge arrangement in respect of the quadrature voltages. Coils 22, 22' are connected to a zero flow balancing circuit including a potentiometer which is adjusted to eliminate in-phase error voltages due to eddy currents and the apparent motion of the magnetic flux field with respect to a stationary fluid. The substantially error free signals from the source follower circuit are applied to a respective operational amplifier push pull connected to form a differential amplifier 90, Fig. 2 (not shown) and thence to the primary of output transformer 106. After further amplification the flow signal from transformer 106 is applied to a series shunt F.E.T. chopper circuit of phase sensitive demodulator 130 the gating signals of the chopper being synchronized with the voltage applied to coils 16, 16' and which is fed to a squaring circuit over transformer 158, Fig.3 (not shown). The negative half-cycles of the flow signal remaining after demodulation are averaged and a positive D.C. signal proportional to the flow signal produced, the positive half-cycles and any quadrature voltages of the flow signal being eliminated by the chopper, Fig. 6 (not shown). Supply voltage variation compensation. A reference D.C. voltage is obtained from circuit 40, Fig.3 (not shown) which varies in magnitude with variations in both frequency and amplitude of the supply voltage, circuit 40 rectifying and averaging the voltage induced in reference coils 36, 36' by exciter coils 16, 16'. The reference and flow D.C. signals are applied to voltage to frequency converter 240 which provides a variable duty cycle pulse output at 428 which varies proportional to the ratio of the D. C. flow signal voltage with respect to the D.C. reference signal so that errors due to variations in supply voltage are eliminated, Figs.4 and 7 (not shown). Pulse to voltage to current converter. The variable frequency positive pulses from converter 240 are, after being converted into a constant pulse width pulse train, are converted into a square wave pulse train having positive and negative square waves about zero, the positive parts of the train being synchronized with and having the same pulse width as the constant width pulses and the negative parts being synchronized with and having a pulse width corresponding to the period between the constant width pulses, Figs. 5 and 8 (not shown). The square wave pulse train is then used to gate a series-shunt F.E.T. chopper to modulate an input D.C. signal which may be of a pre-set fixed amplitude when flowrate per se is being measured or of variable amplitude which is proportional to the density of fluid flowing if mass flow-rate is being measured. The modulated D.C. signal is averaged to give a D.C. signal representative of flow-rate or mass flow-rate.