Patent GB-905133-A (GB)
Title: Character recognition systems
IPC: G06V30/184
Filed: 1960-08-31
Abstract: 905,133. Automatic character reading. BURROUGHS CORPORATION. Aug. 31, 1960 [Aug. 31, 1959], No. 30039/60. Class 106 (1). In a character recognition apparatus the character printed in magnetic ink and A.C. magnetized is sensed in motion by a line 101, Fig. 7, of twenty-two magnetic heads, the output leads being connected in order in two groups via eleven mixers 105 to amplifiers 143 and digitizers 145 which consist of rectifiers and threshold devices to two-state D.C. signals on each channel. The characters are as high as ten of the heads in the line, the top or bottom of the character gives rise to one blank channel, the rest have one or more pulses of variable duration on them representing intersections with the character. To determine which is the blank channel, they are all applied to flip-flops 149, Fig. 8, all of which will be set except the one corresponding to the blank channel. The outputs from the flip-flops are gated together in pairs so that a blank channel having a channel below it which is not blank selected as the top of the character. The corresponding one of the flip-flops 205 is set. The sensed signals on the eleven channels are entered into seven stages of eleven shift registers 201, &c., Fig. 9, by means of seven sampling pulses applied to And gates 189, 185 for " 1 " and " 0 " respectively. At the end of a character-sensing cycle therefore the shift registers 201 &c. each contain seven binary bits representing a section through the character and the flip-flops 205 contain an indication of which channel represents the top of the character. This latter signal is used to enable one of the diagonal lines of And gates in Fig. 11 so that if the third channel is found to be blank, the top line of the character is the fourth and the line C4 is energized. Ten of the eleven input lines from the shift registers, Figs. 9 and 10, are connected in the proper order to the ten output leads 233. The eleventh line which corresponds to the blank third channel is ignored. When the next character is sensed the bits are pushed out of the shift registers and are switched on to the leads 233. A gating circuit 241, Fig. 12, combines these signals in simple combinations, adjacent channels being taken together and two groups of three. The combination in pairs is designed to remove any difference in response between the case, Fig. 4a, where the heads register with the bars of the character and the case, Fig. 4b, where two heads may sense the same bar. The combination in threes give indications of the presence of a vertical bar in the upper or lower parts of the character, e.g. 60, 65 and 67, Fig. 4b. The character is now represented by seven bits on each of seven leads. Five of these leads RC1F-RC5F, Fig. 12, refer to five overlapping vertical levels of the character and the other two RC6F and RC7F represent the seventh head and the seventh and eighth heads respectively. The latter two leads are used to extract special features; the presence of ink in the middle at the seventh head position (this distinguishes characters " 2 " and " 7," Fig. 3, from the rest) and the presence of a long stroke at the seventh or eighth head level (this distinguishes " 4 " from the rest). Each of the main five " level " leads pass to a feature discriminator, Figs. 13 and 14. In this circuit the arrival of a train of " black " signals causes a " long stroke " signal to be generated on terminal F1-1 or a " medium stroke" signal on terminal F2-1. The number of black signals is counted in a counter 286 and flip-flops 305 or 291 set respectively. A black signal or two together cause a flip-flop 261 to be set to indicate a crossover, implying a short vertical bar. The position of the bar across the character is determined by gating the output of flip-flop 261 with flip-flops 271, 341. These are set by black signals arriving at d1 or d2 times or at d6 or d7 times respectively. There are seven " d " times across the character, d1 being on the right. Flip-flop 271 therefore represents a black signal in the top level on the right-hand side of the character. Flip-flop 341 represents the same on the left. The cross-over flip-flop 261 is gated with the " 1 " outputs from these flip-flops and signals F4-1 and F6-1 produced indicating a right short bar in the first level and a left short bar in the first level. By gating with the " 0 " outputs of the right and left flip-flops a signal F5-1 is produced indicating a short bar in the middle of the character. If more than one cross-over is detected a signal is produced on terminal F3-1 indicating two or more short bars in the first level of the character. All these feature signals are inverted to obtain their opposites, e.g. #F1-1, meaning no long stroke in the first level of the character. Similar circuits are provided for each of the other level leads RC2F-RC5F component parts of the circuit being omitted where the feature does not exist in any character. The feature outputs are gated together in combinations adapted to recognize the individual characters and distinguish them from the others. A reject circuit is energized if there is more than one output. Specification 845,371 is referred to.