baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1492027-A (GB)
Title: Electrical discharge machining
IPC: B23H1/02
Filed: 1974-05-23
Abstract: 1492027 Electro-erosion FRIEDRICH DECKEL AG 4 March 1975 [4 Dec 1973 23 May 1974] 56184/73 and 23145/74 Heading B3V The occurrence of arcing during electrical discharge machining is sensed by detecting the absence of a high frequency component in a discharge across the machining gap and thereupon interrupting the discharges within 20 microseconds. The gap voltage or current W is fed through a filter F whose output is connected via an amplifier A to a comparator circuit C having another input derived from a gap current detector CD. When an HF component, e.g. above 1 MHz, is absent from a discharge indicative of arcing, pulses are not supplied from the filter F to the comparator circuit C, whereupon the pulse generator G is caused to switch off for a predetermined period, e.g. below 2 sees. The electrode may also be withdrawn and the amplitude of the discharges reduced. If arcing occurs too frequently, the generator is switched off and an alarm actuated. If a short is detected across the gap by a circuit S, the discharges are interrupted for a shorter period. To test whether the monitoring circuit is functioning correctly, signals simulating the occurrence of arcing are applied randomly or regularly through contacts T 1 -T 3  whereupon a signal is applied to a gate G 2  whose other input receives a signal from the generator G upon the occurrence of a discharge therefrom. If the generator has not switched off within 20 Ásecs., a signal is supplied to an integrator I which switches it off.
Patent GB-480443-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to electric transformers
IPC: H01F29/10
Filed: 1936-08-24
Abstract: 480,443. Transformers. BRITISH THOMSON-HOUSTON CO., Ltd. Aug. 24, 1936, No. 23218. Convention date, Aug. 31, 1935. [Class 38 (ii)] A transformer for voltage regulation comprises two circular cores 6, 7 having eccentric openings as shown in which yokes 8, 9 are mounted, the primary 1 embracing the two inner legs thus formed, on each of which is mounted a separate secondary 2, 3. The outer limbs have short circuited coils 4 to prevent flux flowing through them. Regulation is effected by simultaneously rotating the cores 6, 7, the yokes 8, 9 and windings remaining stationary so that the cross-section of core linking the windings is varied. The cores may also be arranged side by side on the same axis and in this case a single winding embracing both cores may replace the two short circuited windings 4. Also a single yoke may be used which may also be slidable axially as the cores rotate. In a modification, the cores 6, 7 are stationary, and the yokes 8, 9 move. In this arrangement, however, the movement 'of the yokes is limited by the extent of the windings. Fig. 3 shows the arrangement used as a booster. The primary 1 is energized from a transformer 11 connected across the line.
Patent GB-892356-A (GB)
Title: Crystalline copolymers and process for preparing them
IPC: C08F210/00
Filed: 1960-07-05
Abstract: Crystalline copolymers are prepared by a process wherein two or more vinylic monomers of formula <FORM:0892356/IV (a)/1> in which R1 is hydrogen, halogen or an elkyl radical and R2 is hydrogen (except where R1 is hydrogen), halogen or an alkyl radical, are copolymerized in the presence of a catalyst obtained by contacting a compound of a metal of Group IV(a), V(A) or VI(A) of the Mendeleef Periodic Table (other than a compound of formula RM(X)3 in which M is titanium, zirconium or thorium, X is a substituent less electronegative than chlorine and R is an alkoxy group or halogen atom) with an organometallic compound of a metal of Group I, II or III of said Table. Specified catalyst components are titanium trichloride, titanium tetrachloride, vanadium trichloride, vanadium tetrachloride, and the alkyls of aluminium, beryllium and zinc, e.g. triethyl aluminium and triisobutyl aluminium.  Specified monomers are styrene, p-fluorostyrene, o-fluorostyrene, p-chlorostyrene, p-bromostyrene, p-methyl styrene, o-methyl styrene, p-ethyl styrene, o-isopropylstyrene, and isomeric dimethyl styrenes. Examples describe the copolymerization of styrene with (1 and 3) p-methyl styrene, (8) o-methyl styrene, (2) a mixture of p-methyl styrene and omethyl styrene, (4) o-fluorostyrene, (5 and 6) p-fluorostyrene and (7) p-chlorostyrene.  The preparation of copolymers the monomeric units of which are isomorphous and which have melting points between those of the corresponding homopolymers are described.  The products may be used in the preparation of sheets, films and filaments, and for electrical insulation.
Patent GB-867885-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to screw caps for containers
IPC: B65D41/34
Filed: 1958-07-23
Abstract: 867,885. Tamper-proof screw-caps. ROBINSON, F. G. Jan, 16, 1959 [July 23, 1958 ; Aug. 2, 1958], Nos. 23598/58 and 24987/58. Class 125(3). A screw cap for a container, e.g. a bottle, having a neck 2 is formed with an outward step 6 in its skirt 7 and has a weakened portion 9 in the step 6. The part 10. of the skirt is turned over a bead or shoulder 4 on the neck after the cap is screwed on. The step 6 may be formed by a collapsed or partly collapsed bead, Fig. 2 (not shown) ; and the weakened portion 9 may be formed in the underside of the bead by perforations or by partly severed portions, the thickness of the metal between the perforations being reduced. The device provides a positive indication of tampering since the portion 9 breaks when the cap, which may be of aluminium, is turned.
Patent GB-675922-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in arrangements in display dummies
IPC: A47F8/00
Filed: 1950-09-27
Abstract: 675,922. Moving signs. HINDSGAUL BUTIKSMONTOREN AKTIESELSKAB.  Sept. 27. 1950 [Sept. 30, 1949], No. 23661/50- Class 3(i)  In a display model, the bust part 1 is mounted for rotation on the lower part 2 by means of a centrally disposed vertical pin 3 so that an oscillating motion may be imparted to the bust part 1 by means of a motordriven means coupled to the bust part, the motor being mounted either on the bust part or the lower body part. The movement is carried out by means of a crank disc and connecting rod and the throw of the connecting rod is such that the bust part 1 oscillates through a small angle only.
Patent GB-1189815-A (GB)
Title: Catalytic Chlorination of Ethylene
Inventor: MIYAUCHI KEN
IPC: B01J27/06
Filed: 1967-05-22
Abstract: 1,189,815. Oxychlorination catalysts. MITSUI TOATSO CHEMICALS Inc. 22 May, 1967, No. 23718/67. Heading B1E. [Also in Division C2] An oxychlorination catalyst is made by forming a coprecipitate of copper and an alumina hydrogel, subjecting the coprecipitate to ageing at 10-40‹C for at least 10 hours, drying, washing with water before or after drying to remove soluble salts and calcining at 300-- 600‹C for a period of more than 1 hour and sufficient time to convert the Al 2 O 3  hydrogel to γ-Al 2 O 3 , whereby the coprecipitate has a final Cu content of 1-25%. Drying may be effected by a spray-drying technique to yield microspheres of a size suitable for use in a fluidised bed e.g. 20-150Á. The catalyst may have an apparent bulk density of 0.7-1.0 gm/cc.
Patent GB-228853-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to shock-absorbers
IPC: F16F7/02
Filed: 1924-10-07
Abstract: 228,853. Compagnie d'Applications MÚcaniques. Feb. 9, 1924, [Convention date]. Vibration - dampers for vehicles of the kind composed of two arm s respectively secured to an inner group of bodies of revolution, and to an outer group of bodies of revolution, a high friction coefficient. substance between said bodies, a central axle having a certain play, and yielding means for pressing the bodies together as described in Specification 217,200, the inner and outer bodies of revolution are indentical and have a conical shape and the central axle is proferably provided with a nut comprising a screwthreaded sheath protruding within the said bodies. The shells are secured together by a pivot bolt 7 and nut 11 and an elastic means, such as a spring 12, having a long range of action is positioned as shown in Fig. 1. Lateral play is accommodated by the elasticity of the arms 17, Fig. 6, and by clearance of the apertures 15, 16 in the inner shells 1, 2. The arms 17 may be integral with the shells which may therefore be stamped out in one piece or they may be secured to the shells. The sections of the arm 17 of the outer shells 3, 4 may be provided with a distance piece 18 or they may be secured together otherwise.
Patent GB-674763-A (GB)
Title: Process for the preparation of 2-mercapto-arylene-thiazole-6-sulphonic acids and salts thereof
Filed: 1949-09-14
Abstract: 2-mercaptobenzo-thiazole-6-sulphonic acid, its salts and derivatives thereof substituted by alkyl in the benzene nucleus are obtained by treating mercaptobenzo-thiazole, its disulphide or alkyl substitution products thereof with oleum at raised temperature, preferably 100-120 DEG  C., and working up the mixture. Excess of the acid containing at least 40 per cent SO3 amounting to 2 or 3 times the theoretical is necessary.  With the disulphides 20-25 per cent SO3 is sufficient. The product is limed out and converted into sodium salt, or may be first converted into the zinc salt.  In examples, 2-mercapto-benzothiazole and its 5-methyl derivative, or its disulphide, are treated with oleum, until a water-soluble product is obtained, followed by liming out, or treatment with zinc powder, and conversion to the sodium salt, followed by acidification to the free acid.  Specification 306,492, [Class 2(iii)], is referred to.
Patent GB-1169251-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to pistons
Inventor: MARGETTS HUGH GRENVILLE
IPC: B21D53/00
Filed: 1967-05-22
Abstract: 1,169,251. Making pistons. GIRLING Ltd. 22 May, 1968 [22 May, 1967], No. 23754/67. Heading B3A. [Also in Division F2] A cup-shaped cold-formed piston for a disc brake is provided with a radially inwardly deformed cylindrical portion 13 at its open end. The piston may be first drawn from a blank into a cylindrical cup shape and then pressed to form the cylindrical portion 13, and a convex end 11; the shoulder 14 is then upset with a separate press tool to form a projection 14A which is finally machined off. During manufacture, the radius between the wall 12 and end 11 may be reduced by pressing the piston into a die (17), Figs. 7 or 9 (not shown), or by compressing the piston to swell out the radius which is subsequently machined to the line M.
Patent GB-458195-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in diamond tools
IPC: B24B53/12
Filed: 1935-08-26
Abstract: 458,195. Making diamond tools. ECCLES, R. P., and DIAMOND TOOLS, Ltd., 71, Lombard Street, Birmingham. Aug. 26, 1935, No. 23803. [Classes 83 (i) and 83 (ii)] [See also Group XXIII] Casting composite articles.-A diamond tool, for dressing abrasive wheels &c. is made by securing three or more matched diamonds g in aligned recesses c in a jig b, as by wires d and screws e, then enclosing the top of the jig in a mould f and pouring in copper-nickel alloy. The wires d may be of the same alloy. When cool the tool may be machined as shown in Fig. 2. In a modification, the body of the tool is preformed of steel with recesses so arranged that when brought into contact with the inverted jig b the diamonds thereon are located in the recesses. The jig in this case is provided with a hole leading to the face through which the alloy is poured to fill the recesses.
Patent GB-636363-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in valves controlled by auxiliary or relay devices
IPC: F16K31/40
Filed: 1947-08-28
Abstract: 636,363. Valves controlled by auxiliary valves. INGRAM, W. L. Aug. 28, 1947, No. 23818. [Class 135] In a valve device of the kind comprising a main valve a connected to an operating piston f working in a cylinder d to which pressure fluid has restricted access and from which pressure fluid escapes under the control of an auxiliary valve h, the access of pressure-fluid to the cylinder is controlled by a ported diaphragm e which allows fluid to enter the cylinder freely when the auxiliary valve is open but restricts the passage of fluid on the return stroke of the piston. Such restriction is governed by the clearance between the valve stem a<SP>1</SP> and the bearing e<SP>l</SP> of the diaphragm. The diaphragm may be provided with a non-return valve or may itself function as such a valve by cooperating with a seat c<SP>2</SP>. The valve stem a<SP>1</SP> may be tapered or fluted so that the clearance passage is reduced as the valve a approaches its seat b. Clearance is also provided between the cylinder d and the piston f but this may be reduced to adequate sliding clearance if a channel or duct, for instance in the valve stem a<SP>1</SP>, is provided between the inlet c<SP>1</SP> and the space above the piston f. Such duct may be controlled by an adjustable screw or the like. A spring or springs may aid the valve in closing. The auxiliary valve comprises. a plunger h arranged in a casing g and operated by a solenoid winding i. The outlet of the auxiliary valve is connected with the main outlet by passages g. The valve h may alternatively be operated by hand. The main valve a has a tapered plug a<SP>2</SP> which throttles the flow before the final closure. In a modification the valve a is recessed to receive a rubber washer.
Patent GB-1009837-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to current controlling devices
IPC: H01C11/00
Filed: 1962-06-20
Abstract: 1,009,837. Current controlled switches. ENERGY CONVERSION LABORATORIES Inc. June 20, 1962 [June 21, 1961; May 28, 1962], No. 23822/62. Heading H1K. A current controlled switch comprises two metal electrodes separated by a mixture of at least one ionic compound and a diluent which will remain solid and support the compound when it melts in operation. In operation the ionic compound is heated to switch it from a high to low resistance condition, the transition normally occurring at its melting point. Suitable ionic compounds are cuprous and cupric oxides, the iodides, bromides and chlorides of magnesium, aluminium, thallium, zinc and copper and alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxides. The preferred compounds, however, are the carbonate, hydroxide, orthosilicate, sulphate, acetate, metasilicate, metaborates, fluoride, nitrate, oxide and orthophosphate of lithium and lithium hydrogen sulphate and mixtures thereof mixed, if desired, with the nitrates of silver, calcium, sodium, rubidium, potassium and ammonium. Materials forming eutectics with the ionic compound may also be included in the mixture, e.g. alkali metal carbonates when the compound is an alkali hydroxide. The solid diluent may be an insulator, semi-conductor or metal depending on the desired on-resistance of the switch. Copper, magnesium and stainless steel are suitable electrode materials. The switch may be of sandwich form with an operating heating coil round its edges which may be sealed off by a glass ring to maintain a helium, argon or nitrogen atmosphere about it. Alternatively, coaxial electrodes are used, the outer electrode being cup-shaped with the heater wound round it. In the preferred arrangements the mixture is spread over interdigitated electrodes carried on one or both faces of a sheet of mica, thermoplastic, oxide coated metal or ceramic, e.g. beryllium oxide. In such an arrangement, Fig. 6, a heater 68, preferably insulation coated, threads between the electrodes 62, 64 on one or each face. Alternatively, each heater may be formed on a separate insulating sheet which is then bonded to the first sheet (Fig. 9, not Shown). In yet another arrangement (shown exploded in Fig. 12), interdigiated electrodes 109, 110 are provided on both faces of central sheet 117 and on the inner faces of outer sheets 106 and 121 with the mixtures spread over them. Separate foil heaters 115, 119 and associated insulating sheets 114, 116, 118, 120 are sandwiched between them. Several such arrangements may be formed into a stack. In all the plural arrangements the individual switch elements are connected in parallel through extensions of the electrodes. To obtain rapidswitching a standing bias current may be main tained in the heater to keep the mixture near the switching temperature.
Patent GB-407022-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to electric arc welding
IPC: B23K9/073
Filed: 1932-08-26
Abstract: 407,022. Supply and control systems for heating arcs. AKT.-GES. BROWN, BOVERI, ET CIE, Baden, Switzerland. Aug. 26, 1932, No. 23883. Convention date, Aug. 29, 1931. [Class 38 (iv).] An electric arc welding system comprises a single or polyphase transformer b and one or more gas filled incandescent cathode tubes g, each tube being provided with grid control whereby the welding current can be regulated. The grid g is connected with resistances w<1>, w<2> in the arc circuit whereby the grid voltage change due to rising current increases the resistance of the tube ; the resistance w<2> may be variable. The circuit includes a resistance w for adjusting the welding current and may comprise an inductance also. The welding current may also be adjusted by a resistance c in the cathode circuit. The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 also described a single phase arrangement without grid control and a polyphase arrangement in which a tube in each phase fed the same welding circuit comprising arcs in parallel, and in which the cathodes were in parallel. In this arrangement also grid control was absent. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.
Patent GB-866388-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in structural elements
IPC: B29D24/00
Filed: 1958-07-25
Abstract: 866,388. Hollow building structures. MATERIAUX POUR LES INDUSTRIES DES ISOLANTS ET DES STRATIFIERS MISTRA. July 25, 1958 [July 26, 1957], No. 23953/58. Class 140. [Also in Groups V and X] A hollow, cellular structural element employable in making walls, partitions and floors in buildings, railway wagons, aircraft, and containers is made from a web, e.g. of resin-bonded glass fibre fabric, formed into sinuous folds which are closed at their open ends as by welding or heat-bonding the material along narrow areas to form closed loops, Fig. 2, having rectangular portions 3, 4, and triangular portions 5, 6, which comprise the main part of the internal cellular walls lying obliquely to the surface of the element. The elements may be rectangular or may have a convex face as shown. A method of making the element comprises folding a resinimpregnated web of glass fabric about upper and lower bars 7b, 7d, 7f, and 7a, 7c, 7e, Fig. 4, carried slidably in an angle-bar frame 10, the bars being pressed together to bond the web by a screw operating through an end bar. The bars 7a, 7b may be removed laterally for reuse or may remain as part of the element. The bars may have a transverse wavy surface to strengthen the element. The resin in the formed element is then polymerized and cured.
Patent GB-1412396-A (GB)
Title: Environmentally degradable ethylene polymeric compositions
IPC: C08K5/098
Filed: 1972-09-26
Abstract: 1412396 Degradable ethylene copolymers UNION CARBIDE CORP 26 Sept 1972 [27 Sept 1971 28 June 1972] 23966/75 Divided out of 1412021 Heading C3P Environmentally degradable polymer compositions comprise (A) an ethylene copolymer base resin which is an ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer, an ethylene/ethyl acrylate copolymer or a partially hydrolysed ionic salt thereof, or an ethylene/acrylic acid or an ionic salt thereof, and (B) at least one salt of at least one polyvalent transition metal of atomic number 21 to 29, 39 to 47, 57 or 59 to 71. The metal compound may be an inorganic or organic salt of vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel or copper; and the compositions may also contain antioxidants, e.g. hindered phenols, arylamines, thioureas, thiocarbamates, thioether esters, phosphites and mixtures and adducts thereof. Examples describe compositions comprising (1) ethylene/acrylic acidcopolymers and cobalt acetate, octoate, naphthenate and C 8  and C 9  branched carboxylic acids and (2) ethylene/vinylacetate copolymers and cobalt octoate.
Patent GB-777587-A (GB)
Title: New colour photographic materials
Inventor: HOWE DENNIS JOHN THOMAS
IPC: G03C7/396
Filed: 1954-08-18
Abstract: 777,587. Colour photographic material and process. IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, Ltd'. Aug. 15, 1955 [Aug. 18, 1954], No. 24017/54. Class 98(2) A substrate carries at least two gelatino or gelatine-substitute differently colour sensitized silver halide emulsions free from colour formers and normally constituting a dispersed phase in a continuous phase of water-insoluble water-permeable cellulose ether. The emulsions are made by the methods of Specifications 718,404 and 750,201, a first prepared light sensitive emulsion being stirred into a solution of the cellulose ether in an incompletely water miscible solvent, the mixture passed through a colloid mill, partly dehydrated and then coated on film base as by off-set printing methods or otherwise. As further described three emulsions sensitive as to green, red and blue are used and may be present in various arrangements such as individual superimposed layers or two of them or all three in one layer, with intermediate or overall colour filters as desired. Processing may be to colour negatives, but the materials are especially useful for reversal using successive colour light reexposure and development steps with appropriate colour formers in the colour developers; or using developers of controlled diffusing properties, or selective bleaching methods when the differently sensitized emulsions are present in different layers. In Example 1 three formaldehyde hardened emulsions, chlorobromide for red and green sensitization with dyes of the B.I.O.S. Final Report No. 1355 Item No. 22, and iodobromide as blue sensitive are separately emulsified into ethyl cellulose in solution in benzene, partially dehydrated with sodium sulphate, and then mixed, with addition of sodium dioctylsulphosuccinate as plasticizer for the ethyl cellulose, coated and exposed in a camera behind an appropriate yellow filter which may be of colloidal silver emulsion prepared in the same way as for the sensitive emulsions and coated on top of them. In Example 2 the above three emulsions are separately coated to form multilayer film with the filter layer underlying the uppermost, blue sensitive, layer. Specifications 376,838, 427,516, 500.717 500,721. 500,793, 500,796, 501,000, 501,001, and 501,002 also are referred to.
Patent GB-880002-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to worm and nut mechanisms
IPC: F16H25/22
Filed: 1956-12-07
Abstract: 880,002. Screw and nut gearing. BISHOP, R., JOHNSTON, R. H., and WHITLOCK, G. B. R. Dec. 4, 1957 [Dec. 7, 1956], No. 24036/59. Divided out of 880,001. Drawings to Specification. Class 80 (3). The subject-matter of this Specification is identical with that of Specification 880,001, but the claims are directed towards the shape of the return channel through which the balls circulate, this being such that the direction of travel of the balls in part of the return passage is normal to the direction of travel into and out of the return passage. Specification 880,003 also is referred to.