Patent GB-1177335-A (GB)
Title: Semiconductor Switching Circuits
Inventor: MUKAI HISAKAZU
IPC: H03K19/08
Filed: 1968-03-22
Abstract: 1,177,335. Transistor controlled saturation switching circuits. NIPPON TELEGRAPH & TELEPHONE PUBLIC CORP. 22 March, 1968 [25 March, 1967], No. 14076/68. Heading H3T.. . . ' - A controlled saturation switching circuit comprises an inverter transistor 5, a transistor 6 acting to charge the output capacitance and a further transistor 7 having its base-emitter path connected between transistors 5 and 6 and its collector connected to the input circuit of the inverter. In operation when transistor 5 is switched on transistor 6 is switched to a low conductive state and excess drive to transistor 5 is by-passed through diode 12 and the collector emitter path of transistor 7. As shown, the drive for transistors 5 and 6 is obtained from a further transistor 9 and when transistor 9 is switched off transistor 5 becomes non-conductive and transistor 6 momentarily conducts to charge the output capacitance at terminal 2. Diode 12 prevents the base-collector current flow which would otherwise occur in this state of the circuit. Modifications of this circuit are described with reference to Figs. 3 to 12 (not shown). The following indicates the main features thereof. Modifications to branching circuit 8.-The two  diodes 11, 12 may be replaced by the emitter base diodes of a double emitter transistor (14, Fig. 3 &c.). The collector of this transistor may be connected to its base. Alternatively (Fig. 9c), the two diodes may be formed by a basecollector and base-emitter path of a transistor or (Fig. 9d) diode 11 may be the base emitter path of emitter follower (24); in this case the collector may be connected to the base of transistor 7 or (Fig. 9e), the base of transistor 6. Diode 11 may, however, be omitted (Fig. 9a). In Fig. 9f, diode 12 is formed by an additional emitter on transistor 9. Modifications of input circuit.-The input 1 may be provided by a diode and gate (Fig. 3) or by a multi-emitter transistor having its collector connected to the base of 9 and the input applied to the emitters (Fig. 6). In Fig. 10 a diode is connected between the base of this transistor and the collector of transistor 9 in order to prevent the multi-emitter transistor (16) saturating. In Fig. 10b, the multi-emitter input transistor (16) has its collector connected through a resistor (27) to the emitter of transistor 9, the base connected to the base of 9 and the two inputs connected to the emitters. This helps to remove the store charge from the base of the branching transistor (14). The resistor between the collector of the multi-emitter input transistor and the emitter of transistor 9 may be replaced by a diode (29, Fig. 11). The further emitter follower may be arranged between the output of transistor 6 and the base of transistor 7 (transistor 30, Fig. 12). . Modifications of the output circuit.-In Fig. 7, a resistor (18) is connected between the collector of transistor 5 and the emitter of transistor 7, so that with changing loads the inverter transis. tor 5 operates at a more uniform distance from the knee of the transistor characteristic. In addition, a resistor (15) is provided between the base and emitter of transistor 7 to provide some additional load current. Further stabilization of the output can be effected by providing a negative feedback resistor between the base and collector of transistor 7 (Fig. 6) or by connecting the collector of the transistor replacing diode 11 or 11 and 12 to the base of transistor 7 (Figs. 9d, 10b, 11 and 12). Negative feedback may also be provided by connecting the collector of transistor 6 to a tapping on resistor 10 (Fig. 6).