Patent GB-577042-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in justifying devices for typewriters
IPC: B41J19/64
Filed: 1943-11-25
Abstract: 577,042. Typewriters. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION. Nov. 25, 1943, No. 19708. Convention date, Dec. 31, 1942. [Classes 100 (iii) and 100 (iv)] Typewritten matter is justified to a set length of line with differing letter spaces by dividing the surplus space equally between the word spaces. This is performed by a preliminary operation of the keys without printing, either by a manual action in which a tape may be punched or by sensing a previously punched tape. Book-face type is used, wherein the letters occupy different spaces, the key levers control blocks corresponding to the widths of the corresponding symbols including the case-shift symbols. The symbols are punched in code on the tape by electromagnets energised in combinations selected by six combs actuated by the key levers, each comb when moved closing a contact in its punch circuit. Means are also provided for locking the stationary keys and for completing the movement of the actuated key. The types may be changed by the provision of separate type baskets and special spacing-control bars. Type-lever actions; key interlocks; relay actuation; case-shift mechanism.-The typelevers 23, Fig. 4, pivoted at 25 to the segment 24 are actuated through rods 27 and bell-cranks 28 by cams 34 brought into contact with a powerdriven roller 37 by levers 35 which carry pivoted abutments 70 engaged by lugs 72 on the key levers 53. These abutments may be rocked by electromagnets CM<1> to allow the levers 53 to be actuated without printing. Each key lever 53 has a pointed lug 110 engaged by a common pivoted bar 111 rocked by an electromagnet LM so as to fully depress the actuated lever and lock the remainder. The key levers 53 may be actuated through levers 118 and springs 116 by electromagnets OS energized by fingers engaging a punched tape. The levers 53 engage slots in six combs A ... F and slots in a fixed guide plate 55, and are pivoted at 56 to a frame member 57. Each character lever 53 carries a pair of spacing-blocks W, to which engage a fixed guide comb 175 and a sliding justifying comb 176, these combs being rocked by a lever 177 and an electromagnet SM energized from the caseshift key so as to bring the combs 175, 176 under the appropriate block W or w. Exhaust of paper, indicating.-The paper sheet 21 is wrapped around the platen 43 and engaged by contact rollers 381, 382 set by a lever 380 and co-operating with a metallic band 415 on the platen so that when the sheet is clear of both rollers a circuit is established to throw the main switch and stop the machine. Carriage-escapement mechanism.-The carriage 38 has a channel 39 with a rack 44 engaged by a pinion 45 on a shaft 46, which can be clutched to the escapement control shaft 46<1> carrying a pinion 355 in mesh with a rack 356 controlled by the justifying comb 176. Clutches 350, 353 which hold the shaft 46 to the frame member 351 and connect the shaft to shaft 46<1> are operated through levers 364, 365 by a link 363 rocked by the armature 361 of an electromagnet CE which is energized through contacts closed by a bail 81 actuated by depression of any character lever 53. When. the clutches 350, 353 are operated, the spring drum 50 moves the carriage to an extent limited by the comb 176. When the carriage reaches the end of its travel it closes contacts 583 between a carriage arm 703 and an arm 700 settable with respect to the frame rail 42. These contacts energize a relay which rocks an abutment 75c under the carriage-return key lever so as to enable this lever to rock its corresponding lever 35 and effect the return of the carriage. Type-carriages ; letter spacing.-Types are changed by the use of a removable frame 711, Fig. 18, to which the type-levers 23 are pivoted at 710, these levers carrying the toggle links 26<1>. The bell-cranks 28 and rods 27 are attached at 716 to cranks 715 pivoted at 714 to a fixed frame 713 and provided with tabs 718 which engage the rounded ends 719 of the lower toggle links. Instead of providing separate sets of spacing- blocks W, w, an increment comb may be provided to replace the justifying comb 176. Strip-perforating machines.-When the initial operation includes the punching of a tape, Fig. 14, the tape 52 is drawn from a supply roll by feed rollers 151, 152, the latter actuated by an electromagnet TF1. The tape passes between plates 131, 132 and below a set of six punches 140 engaged by the armatures 137 of electromagnets PM1... 6. These armatures also actuate a bail 144 to throw over an arm 147 and open contacts 142 in the circuit of lock magnet LM so that the keys are released for another operation. The tape forms a loop 135 of page length and is then drawn by feed roller 162 and electromagnet TF2 past six sensing levers 160 with roller ends, these levers closing contacts 174 in the circuits of solenoids CS1 ... 6, Fig. 13, for operating the combs A ... F. These combs, of which E is shown, are urged one way by springs 68 and held by latches 4 engaging notches 3 in the combs. During manual operation these latches are retracted by a bar 10 on bail 6 which is however rocked during automatic operation by either eleotromagnet AM or BM. The latches may be released individually by electromagnets LS1 ... 6 in series with solenoids CS1 ... 6 which have cores 15 with hooks 16 engaging projections 17 on the combs. During manual operation the key levers actuate certain of the combs to close the contacts 66a .. f of the punch magnets PM1 .. 6 and during automatic operation certain of the combs are moved by the solenoids CS so as to prevent all but the selected key lever from being actuated. Strip record-controlled machines.-When using a previously punched tape, the punches 140, Fig. 14, are replaced by six sensing levers, similar to the levers 160, which effect the preliminary actuation of the keys without printing so as to set the justification cams for the printing effected by the levers 160. Justifing ; margin stops : carriage scales.- The justifying comb 176, Fig. 5, moved by the spacing-blocKs W, w, engages the slide 187 and has its total movements added up by bar 193, bar 195 acting to sum up the number of spaces and amount of space therefor. Comb 176 has a shoulder 190 engaging slide 187 which has arms 188, 189, 227, arm 188 controlling the movement of the escapement rack 356. Arm 188 has a connected rack 239 which engages the word-space control cam 243 and is actuated by solenoid SC and segment armature 236, whilst arm 189 has a connected rack 247 which engages a settable indent stop 252 and is actuated by solenoid IM and segment armature 248. One end of bar 193 engages a line-length stop 201 and is connected by a tape 203 to an indicator for the unused space. Bar 193 has a one-way clutch engagement 191 with an extension 196 of slide 187 and a driving connection 230 with bar 195 which has a one-way clutch 223. Bar 195 carries at its end the vertical arm 224 of a member 225 which is slidably mounted in a block 226 raised one step by a pawl 280 at each operation of the space-bar. The final position of the upper end of arm 224 is thus determined by the number of spaces and amount of unused space and at the end of the line it is engaged by a stepped cam 292 mounted with cam 243 on shaft 315 when this shaft is clutched by electromagnet 335, energized by an " auto-print " key, to a driven shaft 314. Cam 243 is thus set to control the justified word-space during a repetition of the typing of the line just ended. Driving mechanism.-The power-driven roller 37, Fig. 5, is mounted on a shaft 37<1> which passes into a housing 303 containing the carriage return mechanism and is coupled to a shaft 305 carrying the driving gear for shaft 314, a belt 398 for the feed rollers of tape 52, a geared drum 269 for a tape 270 used to restore bar 195, and a drum 325 for a tape 326 used to advance bar 193. Bar 193 is restored by a tape 215 passing over a drum 218 geared to shaft 37<1>. Specification 266,921, [Class 100 (iv)], and U.S.A. Specifications 1,753,450 and 2,200,767 are referred to.