Patent GB-1181148-A (GB)
Title: Automatic Transmission Control
IPC: F16H47/08
Filed: 1967-09-04
Abstract: 1,181,148. Change - speed gear control. CATERPILLAR TRACTOR CO. 4 Sept., 1967 [20 Sept., 1966], No. 40333/67. Heading F2D. In an hydraulic control system for a vehicle transmission providing manual selection of the lower gear ratios and automatic selection of higher gear ratios, movement of a manual control valve 110 causes follow-up movement of a power control valve 116 to establish the selected ratio, and, in the automatic range (e.g. from second and above), the position of the manual control valve 110 determines the highest gear ratio obtainable by means of hydraulicallyactuated shift valves 120, 122, 124, 126 and 128, 130, urged upwards by three output-driven governor pressures 218, 220 and 222, and downwards by three constant reference shift pressures 258, 260, 262, to position the power control valve 116. The power control valve 116 is fed with reduced line pressure 156 at 160, 161 on opposite sides of a central land 154. Positioning of the manual valve 110 in the manual range selectively connects one of conduits 296, 298, 300 or 280 to drain, whilst blocking the others, and the power valve spool 118 moves up to cover the conduit connected to drain. Similarly, in the automatic range, the shift valves connect one of conduits 310, 312, 314, 316, 318 or 320 to drain whilst blocking the others. Function summary.-The transmission provides manually selectable reverse, neutral, first and second, with automatic upshifts to third, fourth, up to a possible eighth depending on the position of the manual control valve 110 and under the opposing influences of output speedresponsive pressure and reference shift pressures. A hold valve 408 is provided. Gear arrangement and hydraulic pressure supply and regulation.-The gear train is as described in Specification 1,098,088, and includes a torque converter, five compounded three - element planetary gears, associated clutches and brakes, and an hydraulic retarder as described in Specification 1,139,534. The present automatic control is incorporated into the hydraulic manual control of Specification 1,139,535, which comprises, Fig. 2 (not shown); a pressure control valve (66<SP>111</SP>); a selector control valve block (55<SP>111</SP>) including spools (57<SP>111</SP>), (58<SP>111</SP>), (59<SP>111</SP>), (60<SP>111</SP>), adapted to be positioned by the power control valve 1.18 to engage the respective clutches or brakes; and a retarder valve (74<SP>111</SP>) selectively actuated by an air control valve (80<SP>111</SP>). An engine driven pump 50<SP>111</SP> alone supplies the system with pressure at 125-450 p.s.i. Automatic shift control pressures.-Governor valve output speed responsive pressures are provided by a governor 112 on the output shaft and incorporating three centrifugally force-operated pressure-reducing valves, each having different mass and reaction surfaces to provide three speed-responsive pressures 218, 220, and 222 metered from a reduced pressure line 277. A normally open blocker valve 400 delays or cutsoff the speed-responsive pressures during shifts to prevent the transmission of erroneous shifting signals to the shift valves due to "wind up" of the power train. Reference pressures.-Main line pressure 250 is first reduced to 96 p.s.i. by a spring-loaded reducing valve 138, and then passes to three similar reducing valves 132, 134, 136 having throttling slots 252 and being adjustable by screws 264, and which provide the three shift reference pressures 258, 260 and 262 at 38, 44 and 80 p.s.i., respectively. Automatic shift valves.-The automatic shift valves, e.g. 120, each comprise an upper holding slug 178, a spool 194, and a lower slug 231 providing spread between upshift and downshift pressures. In automatic range, the spool 194 is urged upwards by governor pressure 218 and downwards by reference pressure 224. In manual range all of the upper holding slugs are held down to prevent automatic upshifts by holding pressure in lines 166, 168, 170, 172, 174, and 176, which pressure is released from those shift valves required for automatic action on moving the manual valve into the automatic range. Operation Manual.-The upper holding slugs are all held down by holding pressure supplied by line 292 at 96 p.s.i., from conduit 280 in the power control valve 116 through all six shift valves and conduits 284, 288 between the pairs. Movement of the manual valve 110 into reverse, neutral, or first serves to align a drain 164 in the valve with one of lines 296, 298, or 300, respectively, thereby unbalancing the power valve land 154 which follows-up to cover the line opened to drain, and hence establishes the selected gear. On moving the manual valve 110 into second, line 292, and hence line 280, are connected to drain 192, holding pressure being supplied by main line pressure 304, 125-450 p.s.i., which is now uncovered. With line 280 connected to drain, the power valve spool'land 154 again moves to cover line 280 and establish second gear. Due to the high holding pressures, no automatic upshifts will take place until the manual valve is moved to a position corresponding to the highest required gear. Automatic.-On moving the manual valve 110 into the automatic range, e.g. into fourth position, holding lines 166, 168 are connected to drain 192 and the upper holding slugs 178, 180 move up under the reference pressures 224, 226 at 38 and 80 p.s.i., respectively. Holding lines 170, 172, 174 and 176 still communicate with main line pressure 304 and upshifts beyond fourth are thus prevented. Unless governor pressure 218 exceeds reference pressure 224, i.e. 38 p.s.i., the transmission will remain in second. On this governor pressure exceeding the reference pressure, spool 194 moves up, cutting line 280 off from drain 192 via line 292, and connecting instead line 310 to line 292 through the shift valves causing spool 118 of the power valve to follow up so that land 154 covers line 310. The reduced line pressure of 96 p.s.i. in the power control valve is now communicated via line 280 to the top of lower slug 231 snapping the spool 194 into its fully up position and the lower slug 231 down into contact with the valve housing. On governor pressure increasing and exceeding 80 p.s.i., spool 196 moves up, disconnecting line 310 from drain 192 and connecting line 312 thereto causing the power valve spool land 154 to move up to cover line 312, and hence to establish fourth. Line 310 is then connected to the top of the lower slug 233, snapping the spool 196 fully up and the slug 233 fully down. A spread occurs between upshift and downshift points due to the additional pressure provided at the top of the lower slugs, which pressure together with the governor pressure must be overcome by the reference pressure to effect a downshift. Hold valve 408 functions to hold any established gear by cutting off the supply of reduced pressure in line 156 to the power control valve 116 and hence immobilizing the valve. The valve 408 is normally spring-biased to open but may be closed by a pedal-operated air valve. Blocker valve 400 functions to cut-off the governor pressures during all shifts. The valve is spring-biased to close but is held open by load clutch pressure (P 3 ) from the transmission controls. During a shift, the clutch fill pressure drops and the valve 400 closes. This drop in pressure is also felt at a normally open priority valve 142, through which the transmission controls are fed, which closes ensuring adequate supply from pump 50<SP>111</SP> for holding pressure in line 304, and for the shift reference pressures in line 250.