Patent GB-478697-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to stable dispersions of water or aqueous liquids in organic substances
IPC: C09K23/00
Filed: 1936-07-18
Abstract: Stable dispersions of water or aqueous liquids in animal or vegetable oils, fats, waxes, alcohols or mixtures thereof or with mineral oils and/or waxes, the said animal or vegetable oils &c. being in predominating proportions over the mineral oils &c. in the latter case, are obtained with the aid of solutions of preferably small amounts of organic salts having organic anions, e.g. soaps, in oleaginous emulsifiers which will themselves form stable dispersions of the water-in-oil type. Preferred oleaginous emulsifying agents are those obtained by polymerization and/or oxidation of oils or fats or mixtures thereof, containing glycerides of linolic, linoleic or linolenic acids e.g. linseed oil, cotton seed oil, sesame oil or ground nut oil, and these may be used in solution, particularly in oils and/or fats. Suitable agents are those described in Specifications 178,885, 187,298, and 187,299, [all in Class 81 (i)]. The organic salts must be molecularly or colloidally soluble in the oleaginous emulsifying agents employed, and include soaps, particularly soaps of the oleaginous emulsifying agent used, lactates, tartrates and similar organic salts. The stability of dispersions using water or aqueous liquids having an acid pH value, e.g. acidified skim milk as used in the making of margarine, is improved. According to examples, (1) 1000 parts of an oleaginous emulsifying agent prepared according to Specification 187,298 are stirred at 125 DEG  C. with 20 parts of an aqueous 30 per cent solution of sodium hydroxide (or potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide or other alkaline-reacting substance).  Saponification occurs, and free water evaporates, leaving a clear viscous oil. Alternatively other soaps or salts such as sodium lactate or tartrate may be dissolved in the emulsifying oil.  5 to 15 parts of this emulsifying agent are dissolved in 1000 parts of a mixture of cotton seed oil, coconut oil &c. and 200 parts of skim milk, acidified with bacteria are dispersed in the melted fat mixture. Salt, colouring and flavouring substances are then added, and the dispersion cooled and kneaded in the usual manner.  The product does not lose water during storage etc.; (2) the same emulsifying agent may also be used for making shortenings for bakery purposes according to Specification 431,065, [Group VI]. (3) 50 parts of water containing perfume and, if desired, cosmetic substances, are dispersed in a mixture of 10 parts of petroleum jelly, 10 parts olive oil, 15 parts of beeswax and 5 parts of the emulsifying agent prepared according to example 1. The same emulsifying agent may be used for making paints or medicines consisting of dispersions of water or aqueous liquids in animal or vegetable oils, fats, waxes, alcohols or mixtures thereof or with mineral oils and/or waxes.ALSO:Stable dispersions of water or aqueous liquids in animal or vegetable oils, fats, waxes, alcohols or mixtures thereof or with mineral oils and/or waxes, the said animal or vegetable oils &c. being in predominating proportions over the mineral oils &c. in the latter case, are obtained with the aid of solutions of preferably small amounts of organic salts having organic anions, e.g. soaps, in oleaginous emulsifiers which will themselves form stable dispersions of the water-in-oil type.  Preferred oleaginous emulsifying agents are those obtained by polymerization and/or oxidation of oils or fats or mixtures thereof containing glycerides of linolic, linoleic or linolenic acids, e.g. linseed oil, cotton seed oil, sesame oil or ground nut oil, and these may be used in solution, particularly in oils and/or fats.  Suitable agents are those described in Specifications 178,885, 187,298, and 187,299, [all in Class 81 (i)].  The organic salts must be molecularly or colloidally soluble in the oleaginous emulsifying agents employed and include soaps, particularly soaps of the oleaginous emulsifying agents used, lactates, tartrates and similar organic salts.  The stability of dispersions using water or aqueous liquids having an acid pH value, e.g. acidified skim milk as used in the making of margarine, is improved.  According to examples: (1) 1000 parts of an oleaginous emulsifying agent prepared according to Specification 187,298 are stirred at 125 DEG  C. with 20 parts of an aqueous 30 per cent solution of sodium hydroxide (or potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide or other alkaline-reacting substance).  Saponification occurs, and free water evaporates, leaving a clear viscous oil. Alternatively, other soaps or salts as sodium lactate or tartrate may be dissolved in the emulsifying oils.  5 to 15 parts of this emulsifying agent are dissolved in 1000 parts of a mixture of cotton seed oil, coconut oil, &c. and 200 parts of skim milk, acidified with bacteria are dispersed in the melted fat mixture. Salt, colouring and flavouring substances are then added, and the dispersion cooled and kneaded in the usual manner.  The product does not lose water during storage etc.; (2) the same emulsifying agent may also be used for making shortenings for bakery purposes according to Specification 431,065.ALSO:Stable dispersions of water or aqueous liquids in animal or vegetable oils, fats, waxes, alcohols or mixtures thereof or with mineral oils and/or waxes, the said animal or vegetable oils &c. being in predominating proportions over the mineral oils &c. in the latter case, are obtained with the aid of solutions of preferably small amounts of organic salts having organic anions, e.g. soaps, in oleaginous emulsifiers which will themselves form stable dispersions of the water-in-oil type. Preferred oleaginous emulsifying agents are those obtained by polymerization and/or oxidation of oils or fats or mixtures thereof containing glycerides of linolic, linoleic or linolenic acids, e.g. linseed oil, cotton seed oil, sesame oil or ground nut oil, and these may be used in solution, particularly in oils and/or fats.  Suitable agents are those described in Specifications 178,885, 187,298, and 187,299, [all in Class 81 (i)]. The organic salts must be molecularly or colloidally soluble in the oleaginous emulsifying agents employed and include soaps, particularly soaps of the oleaginous emulsifying agents used, lactates, tartrates and similar organic salts.  The stability of dispersions using water or aqueous liquids having an acid pH value, is improved. According to examples 50 parts of water containing perfume and, if desired, cosmetic substances, are dispersed in a mixture of 10 parts of petroleum jelly, 10 parts olive oil, 15 parts of beeswax and 5 parts of an oleaginous emulsifying agent prepared according to Specification 187,298.  The same emulsifying agent may be used for making medicines consisting of dispersions of water or aqueous liquids in animal or vegetable oils, fats, waxes, alcohols or mixtures thereof or with mineral oils and/or waxes.