Patent GB-1184724-A (GB)
Title: Vehicle Drive
IPC: F16H47/04
Filed: 1967-06-26
Abstract: 1,184,724. Controlling hydrostatic transmissions; fluid friction brakes. NORTH AMERICAN ROCKWELL CORP. 26 June, 1967 [1 Sept., 1966], No. 29311/67. Headings F2D, F2E and F2F. [Also in Division F1] A split torque variable ratio transmission for heavy vehicles comprises an input shaft 32 connected via planetary differential gearing to an output shaft 60 and to a variable displacement swashplate pump 72 hydraulically connected to three variable displacement swashplate motors 78, 80, 82 connected in parallel and having their output shafts geared to the transmissions output shaft 60, the pump and motor displacements being regulated by a control pressure dependent on both input and output shaft speeds so that as the vehicle speed rises the motor displacements are reduced to zero in sequence until, when all three motors are idling, a wholly mechanical drive exists. The hydrostatic circuit includes a modulator valve 312 linked to the vehicle service brake pedal or accelerator pedal to provide dynamic braking by the hydrostatic transmission. Accelerator kick-down  shift is provided. Gearing.-A planet carrier 48 having a power take-off gear 91 on its outer periphery carries two independently rotatable sets of planet pinions 42, 46. Planets 42 mesh a sun gear 40 on the input shaft 32 and a fixed annulus gear 44. Planets 46 mesh a sun gear 68 on the output shaft 60 and teeth 58a of a stepped annulus gear 58 the teeth 58b of which mesh a gear 70 on the pump 72 shaft. A gear 74 secured on the output shaft 60 meshes output gears 88 of the three hydraulic motors 78, 80, 82. Hydraulic power circuit, (Fig. 11).-Pump 72 draws fluid via a line 318 from sump 300, and supplies it to a pressure line 320 to a manual Forward-Neutral-Reverse selector valve 108, a relief valve 308 limiting line 320 pressure to 7000 p.s.i. For Forward running, as shown, valve 108 connects line 320 to the motor inlets via line 328, valve 110, lines 336, 338, valve 112, and lines 346, 348. Return flow to the sump is via lines 364, 354, valve 108, and lines 368, 370, 372, the return line 368-372 including a filter 302 and cooler 304, and a brake valve 312. For Neutral, line 320 is connected to both sides of the motors, via lines 328, 354, the return line 368 being closed. For Reverse, return line 368 remains closed, line 320 is connected to line 354, and return flow is via line 328, the left hand end of valve 108, and a line 388 to the sump. Control circuit.-Input shaft 32 drives a gerator pump 310 which draws fluid from the sump line 388 and provides an output pressure proportional to engine speed. This pressure is modulated by governor bleed valves 406, 414 on the input and output shafts 32, 60 respectively to provide a control pressure in lines 394, 393, 578, 396, 398, 400. Servomotors 420, 474, 502, 530 control the swashplate inclinations of pump 72 and motors 78, 80, 82 respectively. The control pressure acts in servo 420 to oppose the natural tendency of pump 72 to revert to zero displacement, and in servos 474, 502, 530 to oppose the natural tendency of motors 78, 80, 82 to revert to maximum displacement. Piston area of servo 530 is greater than that of servo 502, which in turn is greater than that of 474, to give sequential adjustment of motor displacements. A valve 438 formed about the piston-rod of servo 420 controls admission of control pressure to servo 474, as does a normally open solenoid valve 452 which is closed when full depression of the accelerator (464) (Fig. 7 not shown) closes a switch for kick-down shift. A valve 494 formed about the piston-rod of servo 474 controls admission of control pressure via a line 399 to one end 401 of the motor cut-out valve 110 spool, control pressure in line 393 being continuously applied to the other end 332 of that valve spool. A valve 524 formed about the piston-rod of servo 502 controls admission of control pressure via a line 477 to one end of the motor cut-out valve 112 spool, control pressure in line 578 being continuously applied to the other end of that valve spool. Governor valves 406, 414, designated 600 on Fig. 9, comprises two centrifugal masses 604, 606 pivoted on bolts 608, 610 screwed into the shaft 60 (or 32), with one third of each mass on one side of its pivot. Light springs 624, 626 and centrifugal forces cause the short arms 604a 606a of the masses to press balls 628, 630 on to valve seats 614, 618 in opposition to control pressure from passage 570 (corresponding to 402 or 410 in Fig. 11). A restrictor pin 412 in line 410 ensures that input shaft speed has the dominant modulating effect. Operation. (1) Forward drive.-With the vehicle at rest and engine idling, selector valve 108 is positioned as shown, Fig. 11, pump 72 being initially at zero displacement and motors 78, 80, 82 at maximum displacement and all in circuit. Valve 438 is closed. The accelerator is depressed and as input shaft speed increases, gerator pump 310 output pressure increases and governor valve 406 bleed decreases so that control pressure rises and acts in servo 420 to progressively increase pump 72 displacement. Initially the pump 72 flow is returned via valve 308 to the sump, but as the motors accelerate, they reach a condition of accepting the whole flow. When the pump 72 has reached maximum stroke, servo 530, having the largest piston area, progressively reduces the stroke of motor 82 to zero, reducing the fraction of total torque conveyed hydrostatically. Then servo 502 progressively reduces the stroke of motor 80 to zero, and in so doing, opens valve 524 to admit control pressure from the already open valve 438, solenoid valve 452, and servo cylinder 474, to line 477 to act on motor cut-out valve 112 to close the high pressure supply to motors 80, 82, and connect their inlets to the return line 354, so that these motors idle. Finally servo 474 progressively reduces the stroke of motor 78 to zero, at the same time shifting valve 494 to vent line 399 to the sump, so that control presure in line 393 moves motor-cut-out valve 110 to close the high pressure supply to motor 78 and connect its inlet line 336 to sump line 319. All three motors then idle, and pump 72, having its outlet closed hydraulically locks the annulus gear 58 for wholly mechanical drive. (2) Kick-down shift.-Full depression of the accelerator causes solenoid valve 452 to close line 440 and vent line 454 to the sump. This allows motor 78 to return to maximum displacement, opening valve 494 to allow control pressure to open valve 110 to bring motor 78 into circuit. Venting line 454 also vents line 477 to allow valve 112 to bring motors 80, 82 back into circuit. If the additional torque from motor 78 is insufficient, speed drops and motor 80 stroke is increased. Finally, motor 82 stroke would be increased. (3) Braking.-When the brake pedal operating normal wheel brakes is depressed, or alternatively when the accelerator is released, an interconnected valve 312 in line 368 operates to restrict the return flow from the motors to the sump. The resulting back pressure causes motor 82 to act as a pump and acts via a line 542 to cause servo 530 to increase the stroke of motor 82. (4) Reverse.-This is generally similar to forward drive, with progressive sequential changing of pump and motor displacements. Dynamic braking is not available as line 368 is not used in the reverse power circuit.