Patent GB-805119-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in vinyl chloride-dialkyl maleate copolymer latices
IPC: C08F214/06
Filed: 1957-02-26
Abstract: The invention comprises a latex of a copolymer comprising a major proportion of vinyl chloride component and at least 10 per cent by weight based on the vinyl chloride of dialkyl maleate component in which each alkyl radical contains 12 to 18 carbon atoms.  It also includes a method of making a latex of vinyl chloride and dialkyl maleate which comprises heating at a temperature from 25 DEG  to 60 DEG  C. a mixture of water, polymerizable monomers, emulsifying agent and free radical producing catalyst, the polymerizable monomers comprising a major proportion of vinyl chloride and a minor proportion of dialkyl maleate in which each alkyl group has 10 to 18 carbon atoms, at least the dialkyl maleate in the mixture being colloidally dispersed in the water. The monomers may also include vinyl acetate in amount up to 20 per cent by weight of the vinyl chloride and also a vinyl ester of higher fatty acid having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the acid radical in amount up to twice the weight of the dialkyl maleate. The dialkyl maleate may be colloidally dispersed in the aqueous medium by passing it with or without the vinyl chloride and with part or all of the emulsifying agent and water to be used in the polymerization through a colloid mill or through a homogenizer. The colloidal particles produced are of average particle diameter 0.1 to 1 micron.  The preferred maleate (used in the following examples) is that prepared from a commercial lauryl alcohol which is primarily dodecyl alcohol and may contain up to 30 per cent of tetradecyl and higher alcohols.  Suitable catalysts are inorganic peroxides and per salts, monomer soluble catalysts such as organic peroxides and azo catalysts such as a ,a -azobisisobutyronitrile and p-methoxybenzene diazo thio-2-naphthyl ether.  Suitable anionic surface-active agents have the general formul  R-COOM, R-SO3M and R-OSO3M, where M represents an alkali metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium radical and R represents an organic radical containing at least one group containing more than 8 carbon atoms, e.g. soaps, alkyl sulphonates, alkyl sulphates, sulphonated or sulphated ethers having long and short chain aliphatic groups, sulphonated and sulphated alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids, sulphonated alkyl substituted amides of long chain fatty acids, alkylated aryl sulphonates, hydroaromatic sulphonates, alkyl sulphosuccinates, and aryl sulphonate-formaldehyde condensation products.  As non-ionic surface-active agents there can be used monoethers of polyglycols with long chain fatty alcohols, monoesters of polyglycols with long chain fatty acids, monoethers of polyglycols with alkylated phenols, partial esters of polyhydric alcohols with long chain monocarboxylic (fatty and/or resin) acids and partial and complete esters of long chain monocarboxylic (fatty and/or resin) acids.  Suitable cationic surface-active agents are quaternary ammonium salts in which one of the groups attached to the nitrogen has an aliphatic group containing at lease 8 carbon atoms and amines, amides, diamines and glyoxalidines having an aliphatic group of at least 8 carbon atoms, and their acid esters.  In examples (1) and (3) a polymer latex is prepared by heating to 50 DEG  C. in a bomb a colloidal dispersion prepared by passing through a homogenizer a mixture of vinyl chloride, dilauryl maleate (with dissolved lauroyl peroxide), water and ammonium laurate.  To the latex further ammonium laurate is added as stabilizer.  Dried films from the product are heated and pressed into slabs.  A portion of latex is flocculated by freezing and the flocculate is milled with lead carbonate and pressed with heating.  In similar examples latices are prepared from (2) vinyl chloride, dialuryl maleate and vinyl stearate; (4) vinyl chloride, dilauryl maleate and ammonium laurate with potassium persulphate as the catalyst; (5) vinyl chloride, dilauryl maleate, vinyl stearate and vinyl acetate, with lauroyl peroxide, sodium lauroyl sulphate and ammonium hydroxide; (6) vinyl chloride, dilauryl maleate and vinyl stearate with water, ammonium laurate and lauroyl peroxide.