baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-970098-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in heat exchanging devices
Inventor: ROBB DONALD
IPC: F28D7/02
Filed: 1962-08-22
Abstract: 970,098. Tubular heat exchangers. TAYLOR, REID & CO. Ltd. July 26, 1963 [Aug. 22, 1962], No. 32156/62. Heading F4S. [Also in Division B3] A heat exchanger for heat transfer between two fluids comprises a plurality of cylindrical members, one within the other, in a cylindrical vessel, each member being formed from two cylindrical parts each having a helical groove such that when the two parts are assembled together, at least one helical passage for one of the fluids is formed from one end to the other of the member, an inlet and outlet for the other fluid being provided at opposite ends of the vessel. In the Figure, a plurality of the cylindrical members A<SP>1</SP>, A<SP>2</SP>, A<SP>3</SP> &c. are arranged coaxially in a cylindrical vessel B. Helical passages a<SP>1</SP>, a<SP>2</SP>, a<SP>3</SP> &c. arranged in the respective members, are independently connected to a fluid inlet pipe D<SP>1</SP> at the lower end and to a fluid outlet pipe D<SP>2</SP> at the upper end, said pipes being coaxial with the vessel. The other fluid passes over the surface of the members from its inlet E<SP>3</SP> at the top of the vessel to its outlet E<SP>4</SP> at the bottom. Each of the members A<SP>1</SP>, A<SP>2</SP>, A<SP>3</SP> &c. are constructed from two corrugated cylinders G<SP>1</SP>, G<SP>2</SP> as shown in Fig. 4, such that when the cylinders are joined between the corrugations, a helical passage a is formed. So that these helical passages are all of substantially the same length, the pitch of those in the outer members is greater than for those in the inner members, permitting several parallel passages in these outer members. The joining of the corrugated cylinders may be by spot or seam welding, or apertures may be cut in one of the parts for plug or fillet fusion welding using arc, argon arc, or even oxyacetylene gas welding. In a modification, each passage a<SP>1</SP>, a<SP>2</SP>, a<SP>3</SP> &c. may be joined to the next at its ends so that a fluid may pass into the innermost member and continue in series through each member to its outlet from the vessel. Baffles may be inserted in the upper and lower spaces of the vessel to cause the second fluid to flow along a tortuous path.
Patent GB-828973-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbons
IPC: C08F10/00
Filed: 1957-10-15
Abstract: A catalyst for polymerizing ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbons comprises the product of mixing a Group IB metal (Cu. Ag or Au) compound with an organo-Al compound or an Al hydride. The Group IB compound may be an inorganic salt such as halide, sulphate, carbonate, an oxide, or an organic salt or complex such as acetylacetonate; e.g. CuCl2, CuCl, CuBr2, CuBr, CuSO4, basic CuCO3, Cu2O, CuII acetylacetonate, AgCl, Ag acetylacetonate, AuCl and AuCl3, the halides being preferred and the compound used being in solution or very finely divided.  Exemplary of the Al compounds are the following (wherein Et=ethyl):-(CH3)3Al, Et3Al, (C3H7)3Al, (iso-C4H9)3Al, (C3H17)3Al, (C12H25)3Al, (CH3)2AlCl, Et2AlBr, Et2AlCl, EtAlCl2, Et3Al2Cl3, (C3H7)2AlF, (C4H9)2AlF, Et2AlH, EtAlH2, (C4H9)2AIH, NaAlEt4, LiAl(C8H17)4, AlH3 and LiAlH4; the Al compound, if not at least partially soluble in the polymerization diluent, may be finelydivided, e.g. in a ball-mill.  The monomer may be a single hydrocarbon, or mixtures thereof (see Group IV (a)).ALSO:Ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbons (either single compounds or mixtures) are polymerized by means of a catalyst which comprises the product of mixing a Group Ib metal compound (preferably CuBr2 or AgCl) with an organo-Al compound or an Al hydride (preferably R3Al, R2AlX, or RALX2, wherein R = alkyl, particularly ethyl and X = halogen, particularly Cl); for a list of examples of catalyst constituents (see Group III).  Hydrocarbons which may be polymerized are preferably monoolefins CH2-CRR1, wherein R is alkyl and R1 is alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, aryl or alkaryl, particularly CH2-CHR, wherein R is H, alkyl (linear or branched), cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl or alkaryl, or they may be polyolefines such as conjugated dienes; e.g. ethylene, propylene, butene-1, hexene-1, heptene-1, octene-1, octadecene-1, dodecene-1, isobutylene, cis-butene, diisobutylene, tert.-butylethylene, 4- and 5-methylheptenes-1, tetramethylethylene, styrene, a -methylstyrene, vinylcyclohexane, hexadiene-1 : 4, 6-methylheptadiene-1 : 5, butadiene, isoprene, pentadiene - 1 : 3, cyclopentadiene, cyclohexene, 4-vinylcyclohexene-1 and b -pinene.  The process is carried out batchwise or continuously; inert organic diluents may be used, e.g. hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, benzene, toluene, xylene, or mixtures thereof, CH2Cl2, CHCl3, CCl4, (ClCH2-)2, C6H5Cl and C10H7Cl. The catalyst may be preformed, or formed in situ.  The temperature of polymerization is generally ambient, or slightly above and the pressure generally about 50 p.s.i.g., but these factors are not critical.  In Examples, the preferred diluent is n-heptane, but toluene, CH2Cl2 and CCl4 are also used; ethanol or n-butanol is used to quench the reaction, while for isolation and purification, the following are used: methanol, ethanol, butanol, toluene, xylene, n-heptane, CCl4, conc. HCl, core HNO3, methanolic HCl, aqueous NH3 and NH4Cl.
Patent GB-1050781-A (GB)
Title: Polyvinyl chloride graft copolymers
Inventor: HARRIS PINNER SOLOMON
IPC: C08J7/18
Filed: 1961-09-07
Abstract: 1,050,781. Cross-linked graft copolymers of polyvinyl-chloride or a vinyl chloride copolymer. B.X. PLASTICS Ltd. Dec. 5, 1962 [Sept. 7, 1961], No. 32230/61. Heading C3G. Graft copolymers of polyvinyl chloride or a vinyl chloride copolymer and one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers are crosslinked by subjecting them to the action of a cross-linking comprising ionizing radiation, ultra-violet radiation in the presence of a sensitizer, a free radical polymerization initiator, an elastomer curing agent or a polyanhydride or polyamine capable of reacting with epoxy plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride. The graft polymer trunk may be a copolymer of vinyl chloride with minor proportions of vinyl acetate or vinylidene chloride, and the grafted monomers may be butadiene and acrylonitrile, butadiene and ethyl acrylate, butadiene and methyl methacrylate, and butadiene, acrylonitrile and divinyl benzene, which may be polymerized in an aqueous latex or suspension of the trunk polymer in the presence of a peroxide catalyst or ultra-violet or ionizing radiation. Specified sensitizers are benzophenones, quinones, hexaohlorobenzene, trichloroethylene and sulphur monochloride. Specified free radical catalysts are peroxides and aryl alkyl ethanes. Specified elastomer curing agents are conventional vulcanizing ingredients. The graft copolymers may be blended with other polymers such as chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, polymerizable or non-polymerizable plasticizers and conventional fillers, stabilizers, lubricants and blowing agents. Many examples are given which describe the preparation of graft polymers from polyvinyl chloride and (1) butadiene, acrylonitrile and divinyl benzene, (2 and 3) butadiene and acrylonitrile, and (4) butadiene and methyl methacrylate; and the cross-linking of these products with (1-10) ionizing radiation, (12-19) organic peroxides and dimethyl diethyl diphenyl ethane, (20-27) epoxidized soya bean oil and pyromellitic anhydride, (28 and 29) ultra-violet light in the presence of benzophenone, (30) ionizing radiation and (31) an organic peroxide.
Patent GB-652356-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to multi-channel signalling systems
IPC: H04J3/04
Filed: 1946-10-30
Abstract: 652,356. Thermionic distributers. GENERAL ELECTRIC CO., Ltd., and LEVY, M. M. Oct. 30, 1946, No. 32263. [Class 40 (iii)] [Also in Group XL (c)] A multi-channel pulse signalling system comprises a pentode amplifier valve for each channel connected between the source of signals and a transmitter, or between a receiver and demodulator. The signals from the source or receiver are applied to the control grids of the valves, whilst positive gating pulses are applied simultaneously to the control and suppressor grids, to render each valve conducting in turn. In Fig. 1, each channel is provided with a pentode amplifier valve 10, 11, 12 in (say) a three-channel system, the channel signals being applied to the control grid of the corresponding amplifier valve at terminals 13, 14 and 15. Positive gating pulses are applied to the control grids at 13, 14 and 15 and to the suppressor grids 16, 17, 18 of the valves. The anodes of the valves 10, 11 and 12 are connected together and the control and suppressor grids negatively biassed so that no anode current passes during the absence of a gating pulse. When the gating pulses are applied the valves are unblocked in turn, the complex resulting signal being taken from the terminal 20. If used in a receiver the anodes may be connected to some form of distributer or the circuit may be utilized as a distributer, the control grids being fed through independent channels from a common source and the anodes connected to individual demodulators. Gating pulses are applied to the suppressor grids and control grids. In a modification a negative bias is derived for the suppressor grid by connecting a diode between this grid and earth, and applying the gating pulses across the diode through a series condenser and parallel resistance of relatively long time constant (Fig. 3, not shown). In a further modification bias may be applied to both the suppressor and control grids by the circuit shown in Fig. 4. The valve 30 is normally conducting, thus producing negative bias on the control and suppressor grids of the valve 12. The gating pulses are applied to the control grid of valve 30 in a negative sense, thereby cutting it off so that the bias is removed from the valve 12, and channel signals applied at 15 are allowed to pass. A similar arrangement is provided for each other channel. Specifications 623,038 and 652,361, [Group XL (c)], are referred to.
Patent GB-652087-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to tubular pouring spouts
IPC: B65D47/06
Filed: 1948-12-15
Abstract: 652,087. Spouts for oil-cans &c. METAL BOX CO., Ltd., and BENNETT, H. J. Dec. 15, 1948, No. 32456. [Class 66] A spout of aluminium &c. for a lubricating oilcan or for a can for lighter-fuel comprises an extruded tube 1 with an integral flange 2 at the base with a compressible sealing-washer 6 thereon or thereabout to provide a seal between the closure cap 10 and the neck 8 of the can. The washer 6 may be of polyvinyl chloride, cellulose acetate, or may be of rubber and the flange may be covered therewith as by dipping in latex or in rubber solution. The arrangement allows the spout to be stowed within the can, with the sealing-washer compressed between the cap and the neck. The delivery outlet 3 is smaller than the bore 4 &c. In modifications, the spout is fitted with a push-on cap; or with a screw-on cap which may have a compressible wad to seal the opening 3; or the cap may be shaped to act also as a plug for the inlet end of the spout when the latter is inverted and stowed; the spout may be bent at an obtuse angle. Specification 621,079 is referred to.
Patent GB-857786-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in casks and other containers
Inventor: POWER NORMAN ATHOL
IPC: B65D81/24
Filed: 1956-10-24
Abstract: 857,786. Venting-apparatus. WINE & SPIRITS PATENTS Ltd. Jan. 17, 1957 [Oct. 24, 1956], No. 32463/56. Class 21. A cask 2 has an internal collapsible bag 1 of substantially similar shape and size to the interior of the cask, the neck 3 of the bag extending through the vent hole of the cask and being secured therein by a perforated bung 5. The bag may be of polythene. As liquid is drawn off through a tap 8 air entering through the bung 5 is retained in the bag 1 and does not contact the wine &c.
Patent GB-650836-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to cathode ray tube circuits
IPC: H01J31/02
Filed: 1947-12-09
Abstract: 650,836. Cathode-ray tubes. GENERAL ELECTRIC CO., Ltd., and LEVY, M. M. Dec. 9, 1947, No. 32469. [Class 39 (i)] In a cathode-ray tube circuit having an electrode adapted to collect electrons at a reduced rate when the beam is inoperative, a voltage dependent upon the variation of the electron current to the electrode is applied to an intensity control electrode whereby the electron current in the beam is reduced when it is inoperative. In a multi-channel pulse signalling system, the beam is deflected between a conical electrode 14 and a series of deflecting plates S, each of which is connected to a signal channel so that the beam is radially deflected by each signal across a corresponding inclined slot in the plate 11 to produce a time-modulated electron pulse at the collector 12. The beam current is adapted to be increased when it passes through a slot in the plate 11 by suitable back-coupling between the collector 12, which produces negative pulses, and the control grid or cathode through the amplifier 13. The modulated signals are also fed directly or through the amplifier 13, or a part thereof, to the aerial 16 through the amplifier and radio-frequency modulator 15. The feed-back might be drawn from the plate 11 or from a further electrode adapted to collect secondary electrons from the plate 11, electrode 12 or the glass wall or a mica plate. The slotted plate 11 may be replaced by inclined wires or strips. A wide-band amplifier 13 may be followed by a class C amplifying valve, the anode of which is connected to a tuned circuit so that a suitable voltage peak may be applied to the control grid of the cathode-ray tube.
Patent GB-989342-A (GB)
Title: Air swirlers for burners
Inventor: LEACH HAROLD WILLIAM
IPC: F23C7/00
Filed: 1960-09-22
Abstract: 989,342. Air swirlers for burners. JOSEPH LUCAS (INDUSTRIES) Ltd. Sept. 5, 1961 [Sept. 22, 1960], No. 32558/60. Heading F4T. An air swirler for a liquid fuel burner comprises three concentric tubular parts 3, 4, 5 and helical vanes 8 disposed between the outer and intermediate parts 5, 4 and straight vanes 7 disposed between the intermediate and inner parts 4, 3. The straight vanes are tangential to the inner part 3. The swirler is connected to the air register of a hailer by arms 9.
Patent GB-538228-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electric current breakers
IPC: H01H3/40
Filed: 1939-12-20
Abstract: 538,228. Oil-break switches; actuation of switches. GENERAL ELECTRIC CO., Ltd., and KEELEY, F. J. Dec. 20, 1939, No. 32608. [Class 38 (v)] The movable contact of an oil-break or oilblast circuit-breaker is longitudinally operated by a rotary insulator through a screw-thread connection and, in the oil-blast breaker, a mechanical latch is releasable to effect rapid opening of the contact on fault independent of the insulator movement. The insulator 4 is mounted in bearings 5, 6 in the top plate 3 of the tank 1, and carries a double-tooth wheel 9 whereby it can be chain-driven from a motordriven gear wheel 11. The lower end of insulator 4 contains a metal cylinder 35 having a quick-pitch thread engaging a thread on a further cylinder 47 which is fastened at 53 to a crosshead 48 which is slidable in grooves 50 in a metal cylinder 27, which is threaded into an end cap 28 carrying isolating contacts 29. Thus rotation of the insulator 4 causes longitudinal movement of the crosshead 48, a part 52 of which can be coupled by means of a pair of balls 56 and groove 55 to a plug 41 supporting the upper end of the movable-contact structure. The latter comprises the contact proper 13, which is threaded into a tube 39, a tube 40 screwed into the upper end of tube 39, and the plug 41 which is screwed into tube 40. A further sleeve 42 screws on to the upper end of 39 and projects upwardly about 40 for about half its length. Plug 41 is slidable on a stem 44 and, when closing circuit, depresses the upper end of a helical spring 45 coiled about the stem, so as to provide the opening force. In the arrangement shown, opening is effected by release of the coupling 56 in response to compressed-air admission from pipe 21 to chamber 22 on fault, the pressure acting on the liquid in the tank 1 to produce an oil-blast in the side-blast explosion pot 14 in the manner set out in Specification 535,956. The pressure also acts on a further sleeve 43 and, with the aid of the slight lost motion permitted by spring 57, raises it so that slots therein come level with the balls 56, which are thus forced out of the groove 55 in plug 41 and permit the latter to rise until the contact 13 is level with the orifice 19 of the pot 14. The coupling is.remade when subsequently the motor is energized to rotate the insulator 4 in the reverse direction and restore all the parts to the fully-open position. In a modification, applicable. to an oil-filled busbar selector, no coupling is provided and the rotary insulator drives the movable contact directly, Fig. 2 (not shown). Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 523,420
Patent GB-1143908-A (GB)
Title: Phenylsulphonyl-hydroxylamines
IPC: A61L2/16
Filed: 1967-07-14
Abstract: 1,143,908. N - Substituted phenylsulphonylhydroxylamines. STAUFFER CHEMICAL CO. 14 July, 1967 [28 July, 1966], No. 32632/67. Heading C2C. [Also in Division A5] Novel compounds of the general formula wherein R 1  and R 2  represent hydrogen and C 1-4  alkyl and X is a hydrogen or chlorine atom, are prepared by reacting the appropriate N- hydroxybenzene-sulphonamide with an alkyl isocyanate or N,N-dialkylcarbamyl chloride.
Patent GB-624885-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the manufacture of calcium permanganate
IPC: C01G45/12
Filed: 1946-11-04
Abstract: In the production of calcium permanganate by reaction between potassium permanganate and a calcium salt by means of a base exchange process, an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate is passed through a bed of base-exchange material which has previously been treated with a calcium salt solution, and the effluent is collected in two or more fractions, the first of which is used for the recovery of calcium permanganate, and the other or others is passed during the next stage of the reaction through the bed, which in the meanwhile has been regenerated, followed by the passage of further potassium permanganate, subsequent regeneration followed by further passage of the fractions of the effluent other than the first being repeated. Regeneration of the base-exchanger may be effected using a relatively large excess of, say, calcium chloride solution, or the same technique as described above may be employed, i.e. the effluent is divided into two or more fractions, the first being used for the recovery of potassium chloride and the other or others in the next stage of regeneration followed by the passage of calcium chloride solution.  In regeneration, the solution flows in reverse direction to that of the potassium permanganate.  A synthetic sodium aluminium silicate base-exchange material is suitable.
Patent GB-504052-A (GB)
Title: Devices sensitive to the direction of propagation of electromagnetic waves
IPC: G01S1/02
Filed: 1937-11-26
Abstract: 504,052. Oscillographs. STANDARD TELEPHONES & CABLES, Ltd. Nov. 26, 1937, No. 32721. Convention date, Dec. 24, 1936. Drawings to Specification. [Class 37] [Also in Group XL] A rotating trace of the polar characteristic of a directional aerial is obtained by continuously rotating the aerial and applying the signal pick-up to a single fixed deflection system of an oscillograph and rotating the fluorescent screen of the oscillograph in synchronism with the aerial. If a cathode-ray oscillograph is used, the fluorescent screen is rotated with the envelope, the deflection system being positioned outside the tube. The direction of the transmitting station can be determined by rotating in front of the fluorescent screen an opaque screen having an aperture of the same width as the oscillograph beam and of the same form as the aerial characteristic, the opaque screen being rotated in synchronism with but in the opposite direction to the fluorescent screen. Specification 450,027, [Group XL], is referred to.
Patent GB-206387-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in steam generators and steam generator furnaces
IPC: F22B17/16
Filed: 1922-12-04
Abstract: 206,387. Atkinson, J. S., and Stein & Atkinson, Ltd. Dec. 4, 1922. Steam-generator furnaces; grates.-The water tubes 4a of a steam generator are arranged in close relationship with a grate which comprises a slotted or perforated and jacketted fuel carrier 12 to one end of which are connected a fuel supply 7 - - 9 and a combustion chamber 5, an ash receiver 21 being disposed at 'the other end. Air is supplied through the jacket and slots, and the carrier, which may be cylindrical or troughshaped, is rocked or rotated to cause longitudinal travel of the fuel. One bank of tubes 4 traverses the combustion chamber 5 and is external to 'the grate, and the bank of tubes 4<a> passes longitudinally of and through the fuel carrier. The ash end of the fuel carrier is connected by a damper controlled flue with the combustion chamber. Specification 206,361 is referred to.
Patent GB-644146-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to filing apparatus for documents
IPC: B42F15/02
Filed: 1947-12-15
Abstract: 644,146. Filing papers; tabs. GUICHARD, R. A. E. Dec. 15, 1947, No. 33050. [Classes 16 and 146 (i)] In vertical filing systems in which folders are suspended by bars hooking into a pair of parallel rails in a filing cabinet, the suspension bars support a series of pockets, each constituted by one or more webs of material attached to two of the bars and folders fit into the pockets, each folder hooking over at least one of the bars at one of its free edges. Referring to Fig. 1, a series of pockets 10 are formed of M shape, with rows of parallel folding lines 14 and slots 15 so that the size of the pocket may be varied, the slots 15 fitting over horizontal flanges 8 on suspension bars 3 which by means of hooks 4 and lugs 5 fit over and slide on rails 1 in a cabinet 2. Each bar 3 may support adjacent edges of two pockets 10 to form a concertina arrangement. Each folder 16, having a series of folding lines 17 so that the width of the folder may be varied, has one edge secured to a metal strip 22 of inverted channel section by means of upturned lugs 23 passing through slots in the folder, the strip 22 hooking over the adjacent bar 3. In a modification of the construction of Fig. 1, the pockets 10 are formed from two narrow webs of paper or other material, the suspension bars being slotted longitudinally and the webs entwined therein and held by friction. In a further modification, also using slotted suspension bars, the pockets, of a single web, are secured to a metal strip of C-section at each free edge, which forms a hook to engage in a slot. In the modification shown in Fig. 13, the suspension bars 45 are secured to the upper edges of the pockets 4 and the folders 46 are formed with an integral horizontal part 47 and flap 48 which hooks over the bar 45 of its own pocket 44 and also over the bar 45 of the adjacent pocket 44 to form a concertina arrangement. Tabs. The construction of the top of the strip 22 in Fig. 1 to hold an index strip 26 forms the subject-matter of Specification 644,177. In Fig. 13, cardboard strips 49 are secured by staples to the parts 47 and support labels 51 protected by sheaths 52.