baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-789987-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to friction elements
IPC: F16D69/00
Filed: 1954-12-31
Abstract: A composition for use as a friction element for a clutch or brake comprises wholly or in part a fired continuous ceramic matrix consisting of at least 60 per cent by weight of a refractory oxide of the group including alumina and zirconia and their mixtures; having a porosity of at least 10 per cent by volume of the fired body; and a Moh's scale hardness of 5 to 7,5.  Before firing the ceramic body, the following materials may be added to the mixture: 40 per cent by weight of metallic material such as chips of copper, nickel, chromium, manganese, iron or stainless steel, or wire mesh of nickel-chrome steel, or stainless steel, in which case firing is in a reducing atmosphere of dried hydrogen, argon or nitrogen, the metal controlling the direction of heat flow in use; or 40 per cent by weight of non-metallic material such as witherite quartz, spodumene, clay, wollastonite or asbestos, to modify the friction coefficient in the high temperature range by forming glass-like deposits at the friction surface.  To aid flow in the preliminary cold pressing at 5 to 25 tons/sq. in., there may be added small amounts of waxy organic material or lubricant such as hydrogenated vegetable oil; metallic soaps such as zinc, calcium or magnesium stearate; or organic wax such as polyethylene glycol, which may be incorporated by hot mixing solvent solution, or in emulsion form.  Combustible material may be added to burn out on preliminary heating to 450 DEG F., leaving pore space, such materials being powdered sugar, starch, wood flour, cork dust, powdered metal soaps and waxes. After firing at 2200 DEG  to 3300 DEG F., the body may be vacuum impregnated with organic substances which during subsequent heating to 450 DEG F. form infusible residues which modify the friction coefficient in the low energy range, such substances being liquid synthetic resin of the cresol-hexa or phenolaldehyde type, asphalt or drying oil.  Friction coefficients of 0,198 to 0,39 are specified for particular examples.
Patent GB-1309886-A (GB)
Title: Automatic focussing means for projectors
IPC: G03B21/53
Filed: 1971-08-12
Abstract: 1309886 Automatic focusing AGFA-GEVAERT AG 12 Aug 1971 [12 Aug 1970] 37984/71 Heading H4D In an automatic focusing system for a slide projector, the distance between the projection lens 1 and the slide 6 is maintained correct for focusing by means of a light source/projection system 2/3 fixed to the lens 1 and projecting a beam of light on to the slide and a focusing lens/centre tapped photoresistive element receiver system 5/4, also fixed to the lens 1 and receiving the reflection of the beam at a position on the photoresistive element which is the centre tap for when the slide is in focus and is above or below the centre tap when the lens 1 is inside or outside focus position respectively. During this out of focus state, one half of element 4 has a smaller resistance than the other which, since the element is connected across, via diodes 32, 33, a transformer secondary 12, causes one of the complimentary transistors 15, 16 connected across the smoothed output of a bridge diode rectifier to conduct and feed current, in a particular direction, through D.C. motor 9, driving, via crank pins 8, the projection lens 1 in such a direction that the focused position is obtained. A slide auto-change control switch 40 is powered by the bridge rectifier circuit.
Patent GB-1271598-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to automatic exposure cameras
IPC: G03B9/70
Filed: 1970-08-06
Abstract: 1,271,598. Photographic cameras. KONISHIROKU PHOTO INDUSTRY CO. Ltd. Aug. 6, 1970 [Aug. 9, 1969], No.38044/70. Heading G2A. A camera has an electronic flash unit D, an indicator lamp 3 and a photo-sensitive element P, a capacitor which flashes the flash tube 7 being charged upon detection by element 9 of a subject having a brightness lower than a predetermined reference value, the indicator lamp 3 being lit only during the charging of the condenser. During operation of a shutter release, switch 8 is closed, and if the illumination of P is below the reference value, the base potential of TR1 becomes more negative than its emitter potential and TR1 becomes conductive. This in turn switches on SCR2 to commence charging of the electronic flash capacitor via DC/DC converted D 1 . The resulting voltage drop of power source E switches transistors TR2, TR3 to conduct to light indicator lamp 3. Upon the capacitor being fully charged, power source E regains its initial potential, TR2, TR3 cease conducting, and the lamp is no longer lit. Further depression of the shutter release switches over contacts 1 to place element P in an electronic shutter control circuit C. In an alternative arrangement, Fig. 2 (not shown), the completion of the charging of the capacitor is detected by the rise in terminal voltage across the capacitor so as to extinguish the lamp when the capacitor is charged.
Patent GB-1390976-A (GB)
Title: Process for preparing homo- and copolymers of cyclic acetals
IPC: C08G2/06
Filed: 1972-08-16
Abstract: 1390976 Cyclic acetal polymerization catalysts HOECHST AG 16 Aug 1972 [19 Aug 1971] 38261/72 Headings C3P and C3R Cyclic acetals are polymerized in the presence of an anhydrous perfluoroalkyl sulphonic acid of 1 to 18 carbon atoms. The process is carried out in bulk between the melting point and boiling point of the monomer(s) with the catalyst being added in solution in an inert organic solvent. In the examples, trioxan is homo- or copolymerized with minor amounts of dioxolan, dioxolan is homopolymerized, and trioxan, dioxolan and 1,6-hexane diol formal, 1,2- propanediol formal, polyethylene oxide or a copolymer of tetrahydrofuran and 3,3-bischloro-methyl oxetane are terpolymerized in bulk at 70 C. in the presence of solutions in nitromethane or 1,4-dioxan of catalysts of the formula CF 3 (CF 2 ) n SO 3 H where n is 0, 3 or 7, in some cases with water or methanol present as chain-transfer agents.
Patent GB-1400500-A (GB)
Title: Plastic refractory compositions
IPC: C04B35/18
Filed: 1972-08-16
Abstract: 1400500 Plastic refractory composition GENERAL REFRACTORIES CO 16 Aug 1972 [16 Aug 1971] 38279/72 Heading C1J A plastic refractory composition comprises in particulate form and by weight 45-65% calcined kaolin, 20-40% high purity (i.e. greater than 99À5%) silica and 10-25% plastic refractory clay and has an alkali metal oxide impurity content of less than 1%. Particle size details for the kaolin and silica are given. In the examples compositions comprise besides kaolin and ball clay either a mixture of silica gravel (-28 + 150 Tyler Mesh) and ground silica sand (- 200 mesh) or a mixture of silica sand (-48 + 200 mesh) and ground silica sand (- 200 mesh).
Patent GB-995807-A (GB)
Title: Power brake actuator
IPC: B60T13/44
Filed: 1963-09-30
Abstract: 995,807. Fluid-pressure brakes. MIDLANDROSS CORPORATION. Sept. 30, 1963 [Oct. 9, 1962], No. 38379/63. Heading F2F. A power brake mechanism comprises a first power-operated piston slidable in a cylinder, a supply chamber for pressure fluid contained within the piston and communicating via a valve with a variable pressure chamber to one side of the piston, and a second piston slidably located in the pressure chamber and operable manually to open the valve, the resultant pressures exerted on the two pistons acting in opposite directions so as to tend to close the valve. As shown, a power-operated piston C is constructed of a disc having strengthening ribs 67 and a boss forming a hollow output member D secured to its centre. The forward end of member D is formed as a piston 38 operating in an hydraulic master cylinder 13 for operating the brakes, which cylinder is secured to a cylindrical casing 11 within which the piston C slides. The rear end of member D is fitted with a valve structure to enclose a supply chamber 43 permanently connected to a compressed air reservoir 45 by a flexible hose 47 and port 46. The valve structure comprises a lapping valve composed of inlet valve element 51 and exhaust valve element 61 interconnected by stem 62 and urged by a spring 52 to close the inlet valve. A second piston 16 is slidable in a boss formed in an end plate 14 of the casing 11 and its head 17 is formed with a valve seat 63 normally spaced from valve element 61 to communicate the power chamber 32 behind piston C to atmosphere via filter 19. The space 33 forwardly of piston C is at all times connected to atmosphere via a filter unit 34. When piston 16 is moved through operation of a pedal 23 and link 22 seat 63 engages valve element 61 to close off the connection of chamber 32 to atmosphere, further movement opening the inlet valve to supply compressed air to chamber 32 whereby it acts on substantially the whole area of both pistons to move piston C forwardly and to apply " feel " to the piston 16, so returning the valve to lap position, when the desired pressure has built up, or exhaust position when pressure on the pedal is related. Piston 16 follows up the movement of piston C. Springs 66, 70 ensure full return of pistons C, 16, respectively, on release of the brakes. On failure of the compressed air supply piston 16 will engage the ribs 67 to move piston C directly, a flap valve 72 relieving any pressure build-up in the chamber 33.
Patent GB-1084918-A (GB)
Title: Perforating apparatus
IPC: B26F1/20
Filed: 1964-09-21
Abstract: 1,084,918. Perforating apparatus. A. WINDMÍLLER, and M. GENNERICH, [trading as WINDMÍLLER & HÍLSCHER]. Sept. 21, 1964 [Sept. 25, 1963], No. 38395/64. Heading B4B. Apparatus, e.g. in a paper-bag making machine, for transversely perforating web material 4 along lines 5 . . . 9 offset in the longitudinal direction, comprises knives 10, 11 mounted on a knife holder 15 and a knife 12 on a knife holder 16 on separate shafts 13, 14 located one behind the other in the direction of feed of the web 4, each knife shaft being angularly adjustable relative to the web. Two knives 10 produce the portions 5, 9 and two knives 11 the portions 6, 8, the knife 12 forming the portion 7. As described, two knives 10, interconnected by a non-cutting web, and the knife 12 co-operate with respective non-driven, rubber-covered counter rollers 20, 21 supported on shafts 22, 23 by supported members 25, which are adjustable vertically in guideways 28, 29 by screw-spindles 30, 31 controlled by manually-adjusted shafts 35, 36. The shafts 13, 14 are not vertically-adjustable but may be turned for adjustment by release of a clamping connection which secures gear-wheels 18, 19 to the shafts and which mesh with a singlerevolution gear-wheel 17. The web 4 is drawn from a supply roll by pulling rollers 2, 3. In a further arrangement the knives 10, 11 may be mounted on separate knife shafts together with co-operating counter rollers.
Patent GB-1478319-A (GB)
Title: X-ray source and system including the source
IPC: H05G1/00
Filed: 1974-09-03
Abstract: 1478319 X-ray tubes RAYTHEON CO 3 Sept 1974 [4 Sept 1973] 38531/74 Heading H1D [Also in Divisions G2 and H5] An X-ray source includes, an electron source, target 38 emitting X-rays in response to electron incidence, first and second masks 80, 82, and X-ray fluorescent material 56 emitting fluorescent X-rays in the axial direction, the two masks having complementary opaque and transparent portions so that X-rays reaching material 56 are predominantly those inclined to the axis and the fluroescent X-rays emitted in the direction of the axis are substantially uncontaminated by X-rays from target 38. In Fig. 1 (not shown), which does not include the masks, fluroescer (56) (e.g. of ceria) whose output matches iodine absorption used in angiography, improves monochromaticity by absorbing primary radiation from target (38) and emitting its characteristic fluorescent radiation. Also to be eluded are zone plate (58) (also Fig. 6 not shown), half tone screen (70), photoplate (72), A1 window (68), and heavy element thin film target (38) (e.g. W or Au) deposited on a substrate (36) replaceable by a frame for a foil target. Substrate (36) may be 0,5 mm. A1 or Be and assists cooling. Envelope (32) of glass and metallic base (34) are surrounded by oil (28), shield (48) protects the seal and knob (47) controls X-ray energies. Fig. 2 (not shown) ineludes pulsed annular grid (74) whose diameter equals the grid-cathode spacing. The first embodiment, Fig. 3, which is a modification of Fig. 1, includes monochromaticity enhancing MoirÚ assembly 78. Masks 80, 82 and zone plate 58 may be etched lead or lead compound on an A1 substrate. Fig. 4 (not shown) includes serrated plate substrate (100), which seals oil chamber (96) and is at ground potential, and directs radiation outwardly at an angle to edges (102)(e.g. 80-85 degrees to the normal) so producing higher proportions of fluorescent X-rays, brehmsstrahlung radiation being also further attenuated. In a modification the target is frustoconical. The target may be 20-40 Á Ceria or Mo target (e.g. the material used for the fluorescer and producing more K-lines). Reconstruction of the coded image is discussed in r.t. Fig. 5 (not shown). Fig. 6 (not shown). illustrates masks (80), zone plate (58) with Fresnel pattern, and ¢-tone screen (70) of Figs 1 and 3. Screen (70) may be lead containing material on a substrate or lead bearing filaments interleaved with transparent filaments (e.g. Nylon) wound on a frame or substrate screen (70) may be checkerboard or one or more Fresnel patterns. Fig. 7, 8 (not shown) indicate purity v. viewing angle. Standard size optical lenses may be used in the Fig. 5 process by reducing the photoplate Fig. 9 (not shown), reduction also being necessary if coarse zone plates are used. Preferably the image is photographed on to a second plate, developed and immersed in bleach solution to introduce phase shift. Zone plate line sizes and spacings and formulation for deriving same is discussed.
Patent GB-369638-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in synchronous induction dynamo-electric machines
IPC: H02K17/28
Filed: 1930-12-23
Abstract: 369,638. Dynamo-electric machines. BRITISH THOMSON-HOUSTON CO., Ltd., Crown House, Aldwych, London, and GIBBS, W. J., 44, Grosvenor Road, Rugby. Dec. 23, 1930, No. 38737. [Class 35.] Exciting.-An alternating current machine has a commutator winding 3 inductively related to a primary winding 1 and bothinductively related and conductively connected to a secondary winding 7, 8, 9, all windings having the same number of poles and the secondary winding being so connected to polyphase brush-gear 4, 5, 6 on the commutator that the phase rotation of the E.M.F.s' injected in the secondary winding is opposite to that of the E.M.F.'s induced therein; the ratio of commutator winding M.M.F. to secondary winding M.M.F. is designed to be so low (e.g. about 2 per cent) that the machine will start as an uncompensated induction motor and accelerate into synchronism without any change of connections. At synchronous speed the secondary winding acts as a field winding supplied with continuous current from the commutator, and the field current and power factor may be controlled by means of an adjustable resistance inserted in the portion of the field winding which carries the full current. In a modification, a fixed resistance 11 is connected in one branch 9 of the field winding so that by moving the brushes the current in this branch can be varied between zero and full current with consequent variation in the effect of the resistance. Both ends of the secondary phase may be connected to commutator brushes.
Patent GB-1255300-A (GB)
Title: Data processing system
IPC: G06F12/14
Filed: 1970-08-12
Abstract: 1,255,300. Data storage. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP. 12 Aug., 1970 [12 Sept., 1969], No. 38801/70. Heading G4C.  In a data processing system, data transfer from a first to a second store is inhibited from when an incrementing address register of the first store reaches a predetermined address, for a predetermined number of transfers. A disc store feeds a main memory via an addressable core buffer. A particular region of the buffer is reserved for protected-field start addresses and associated byte counts (specifying the field lengths). A first start address and count are transferred to registers then, during buffer-to-main-memory transfer, equality of the buffer address with the start address sets a flip-flop to inhibit the data transfer path and permit at each incrementation of the buffer address, decrementing of the count, a count of zero resetting the flip-flop and calling for the next start address and count from the buffer. The system is described as a modification of that in Specification 1,104,496 (referred to).
Patent GB-1483814-A (GB)
Title: Coating method
IPC: C23C4/12
Filed: 1974-09-06
Abstract: 1483814 Explosive evaporation coating B B C BROWN BOVERI & CO Ltd 6 Sept 1974 [8 Sept 1973] 38999/74 Heading C7F A body consisting of more than one material is explosively evaporated such that the materials react chemically to form a coating consisting substantially only of a compound produced by said reaction on a substrate. A metal filament surrounded by a sheath of further material, or a mixture of materials, may be evaporated; there may also be a layer provided on the substrate to react with the vapourized reaction products, or the chamber may contain a gas to react therewith. In an Example a polyethylene coated Ti filament is exploded to produce a TiC coating.
Patent GB-992328-A (GB)
Title: Texturized yarn
IPC: D02G1/16
Filed: 1962-10-16
Abstract: 992, 328. Spinning and finishing yarns. OWENS-CORNING FIBERGLAS CORPORATION. Oct. 16, 1962 [Nov. 1, 1961], No. 39181/62. Headings D1D, D1F and D1W. A composite texturized yarn comprises a substantially untexturized core yarn component and an effect yarn component, the effect yarn having continuous filaments arranged in bulky convolutions on the core yarn along lengths of the composite yarn of predetermined extent and spacing according to a repeated pattern, and the effect yarn being generally straight in between the lengths. As described, rolls 32, 33 which feed the effect yarn 30 are driven alternatively by gearing 35 at a speed similar to that of rolls 20, 21 and 23, 24 which feed the core yarns 14, 15, and at a speed 50, 100, or 150% higher by gearing or belt drive means 36 through a magnetic disc clutch which moves the means 36 into engagement with the rolls 32, 33 and overridges a ratchet connection between the rolls and gearing 35. The yarns pass through the nipple 59 (Fig. 2) of a nozzle 40. Air from duct 42 convolutes the effect yarn around the core yarns when the effect yarn is fed at the higher speed and lesser tension, but at the lower speed of the effect yarn no bulking occurs. The nipple 59 and its outlet tip 72 are axially offset with respect to the Venturi outlet member 74. The take up speed of the package 49 is about 2-4% less than the core yarn feeding rate. The control for the clutch may be a light beam which is reflected by a series of aluminium coated radial strips (Fig. 4 not shown) on a rotating disc, and is received by a photo-electric cell which feeds the signal to the clutch. Alternatively a rotating disc has a series of projecting radial arms which trigger a microswitch. The pattern of the strips or arms determine the length and spacing of the textured zones 55. The yarns may be untwisted or twisted strands of continuous glass filaments and the product yarn may be twisted. If more than one effect yarn is used they may differ in weight, colour, and speed and pattern of feeding. Various numbers of core yarns may be used with perhaps only one pair of feed rollers. Specification 992, 329 is referred to.
Patent GB-842704-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to pressure and like gauges
IPC: G01L19/08
Filed: 1956-12-28
Abstract: 842,704. Pressure gauges; indicating-apparatus. APPLEBY, E. M. H., and APPLEBY & IRELAND Ltd. Dec. 30, 1957 [Dec. 28, 1956], No. 39506/56. Classes 106 (2) and 106 (4). A pressure or vacuum gauge, incorporating an electrical switch device for operating a warning signal at a certain pressure or vacuum, has a pressure-responsive element with operative connections to a pointer, and a second separate pressure-sensitive element connected to the same pressure-source which has a movable part set to operate a micro-switch. Such a gauge has a case 11 lined with a heating- element 12 connected to a terminal box 42 and controlled by a thermostat; behind a dial 13 covered by glass 14 is a metal plate 15 having posts 16, 17, 18 to support a second parallel plate 19. Between the two plates is a pressureresponsive capsule 20 connected to a pointer 21 in known fashion. A second capsule 22 behind the plate 19 is connected (like the capsule 20) to a pipe connection 25, and carries a contactoperating member 26 in juxtaposition to the actuating member 27 of a micro-switch 28 whose leads are led through a terminal-box 43. The micro-switch 28 is mounted between two arms 29 pivoted at 30 to a post 31 and carrying at the other end a screw-threaded nut 33 on trunnions. The micro-switch 28 is mounted on the arms 29 by screws 37 in slots 38, so that its distance from the pivot 30 can be varied; a screw 34 with a knurled head 35 and a dial 40 reading on to a scale 41 passes into the nut 33, a spring 36 being mounted around it between the trunnions to the plate 19. By adjusting the micro-switch along the slots 38 the setting of the micro-switch operating mechanism may be zeroed with the scale 41.
Patent GB-1519603-A (GB)
Title: Process for decorating coatings produced by heat-stable polymer compositions
Inventor: VASSILIOU EUSTATHIOS
IPC: B29C63/00
Filed: 1975-09-26
Abstract: 1519603 Decorating polymer coatings E I DU PONT DE NEMOURS & CO 26 Sept 1975 [27 Sept 1974 (2)] 39551/75 Heading B2E A heat-stable polymer coating is decorated by applying a heat-stable polymer composition either directly under or as a subsequent coat over an antioxidant composition which is arranged in a decorative pattern, the antioxidant or its decomposition product diffusing into the coating and, by reacting with components thereof, by catalysing or hindering reactions within the coating or by adding colour itself, rendering the pattern visible within the coating upon baking. The polymer may be a silicone, polysulphide, poly (phydroxybenzoic acid), polysulphone, polyimide, polyamide, polysulphonate, polysulphonamide, PTFE, poly (monochlorotrifluoroethylene) or a tetrafluoroethylene copolymer with hexafluoropropylene or a perfluoro alkyl vinyl ether. The polymer composition may contain colourants (particularly a copolymer of an unsaturated acid, such as methyl methacrylate/ethyl acrylate/methacrylic acid copolymer, which produces a carbonaceous residue), organic metal salts as oxidation catalysts, pigments, glass or metal flakes, and mica particles coated with metal oxide. The antioxidant may be a compound containing P, S or B and is particularly phosphoric acid or a decomposable salt thereof, 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate or Mg-, Ca- or Feglycerophosphate. It may be applied to a substrate by "intaglio" offset printing or silk screening. The substrate may be of aluminium or glass and may be pre-treated by phosphating, chromating, flame-spraying of metal or metal oxide, frit-coating, grit-blasting or acid- or alkali-treating. A primer coating particularly a silica-containing per-fluorocarbon polymer, can be applied under or over the antioxidant composition by spraying, roller coating, dipping or doctor blading.