baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20040043926-A (KR)
Title: Flight termination System of the Unmanned Airship
Inventor: KIM IN GYU
IPC: B64C13/18
Filed: 2002-11-20
Abstract: PURPOSE: A flight finishing system of an unmanned aircraft is provided to forcibly land the aircraft by discharging helium gas with opening the helium valve when the large unmanned aircraft gets out of control from communication interruption or defect. CONSTITUTION: A flight finishing system is composed of a ground control tower(200) transmitting the emergency descent command to a large unmanned aircraft in requiring emergency landing; a defect detecting unit(120) loaded in the unmanned aircraft to output a defect sensing signal by detecting fault of power, communication and control; a flight end system(110) commanding the end of flight in detecting the emergency descent command of the ground control tower and the defect sensing signal of the defect detecting unit; and an operating unit(130) discharging helium gas by opening the helium valve according to the command of the flight end system.
Patent KR-20040048133-A (KR)
Title: Purification device for condensing boiler
Inventor: KIM SEONG GAP
IPC: F24H1/44
Filed: 2002-12-02
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided is a device for purifying condensed water of a condensing boiler which neutralizes acidic condensed water generated from the condensing boiler to neutral water and is able to remove non-burned part contained in the condensed water. CONSTITUTION: The device comprises a body(100) where perforated plate(60) and a partitioning plate(70) are respectively installed horizontally and vertically to form a first partitioning chamber under the perforated plate and a second partitioning chamber and a third partitioning chamber are formed by using the partitioning plate as a boundary, a condensed water inlet(121) which is formed on one side top of the second partitioning chamber and is connected to a condensing outlet, a condensed water exit(131) formed on one side top of the third partitioning chamber, a filter(24) and an activated carbon(28) contained in the second partitioning chamber, a porous neutralizing agent(20) which is contained in the third partitioning chamber, consists of a mixture of CaO and Si and is produced from an autoclave and a lid(30) joined to the top of the body.
Patent KR-20040050782-A (KR)
Title: System and method for inspecting panel of cathode ray tube
Inventor: KIM SEONG SIK
IPC: H01J9/42
Filed: 2002-12-09
Abstract: PURPOSE: A system and a method are provided to automatically judge defects of panels by optically and accurately inspecting the size of the blister existing in the panel. CONSTITUTION: A system comprises a main conveyor(10) for loading a panel(1) from an upper loading/unloading position to an inspection position; a loading unit(70) for loading the panel from the loading/unloading position to the upper stream of the main conveyor; a discriminating unit(80) for loading the panel from the lower stream of the main conveyor to a discriminating position; a return conveyor(110) arranged in parallel to the main conveyor in such a manner that the panel is returned to the loading/unloading position from the discriminating position; an image acquisition unit arranged in the inspection position, wherein the image acquisition unit includes a lighting member(130) for lighting the panel, a first camera(140) for photographing the entire image of the panel projected by the lighting member, and a second camera(150) for photographing the image of the blister in the panel; and a computer for processing, through a program, the image data obtained from the first and second cameras, and discriminating defects of the panel.
Patent KR-20040054086-A (KR)
Title: System for detecting wafer of spin baker
Inventor: LEE SEONG WON
IPC: H01L21/66
Filed: 2002-12-17
Abstract: PURPOSE: A wafer detecting system of a spin baker is provided to previously check the loading state of a wafer by using laser beam. CONSTITUTION: A wafer detecting system(30) of a spin baker is provided with a beam emitting part(32) for slantly irradiating laser beam onto a loading plate(12), and a beam receiving part(34) for receiving the beam reflected from the loading plate or a wafer. At this time, the loading state of the wafer is checked by using the reflection angle of the laser beam. Preferably, at least three portions of the loading plate are irradiated by the laser beam using the beam emitting part.
Patent KR-20030011746-A (KR)
Title: Computer aided diagnosis and voice recognition reader system
Inventor: LEE BAE HO
IPC: A61B5/00
Filed: 2002-12-23
Abstract: PURPOSE: A computer assisted diagnostics and a voice recognition reading system are provided to improve medical environment by integrating 3D medical images in a client PC and using a voice recognition method. CONSTITUTION: A 2D/3D medical image system is formed with a 3D surface/volume rendering system, a virtual endoscope system, an image segmentation system, and a DICOM communication module as an international medical image standard. A computer assisted diagnostics system is formed with an automatic pneumonic shade detection algorithm, an epileptic consumptive detection algorithm, a cardiac hypertrophy measurement algorithm, and an automatic pneumothorax detection algorithm. A voice recognition reading system is formed with a voice database construction, a sub-word-based voice recognition HM model, and a voice recognition module.
Patent KR-20040056285-A (KR)
Title: Device for preventing trouble of belt wrapper and end-mark of strip
Inventor: AHN JONG BEOM
IPC: B21B39/00
Filed: 2002-12-23
Abstract: PURPOSE: A device for preventing breakage of belt wrapper and end mark of strip is provided to prevent breakage of the belt wrapper by giving a curved shape to a top end part of strip before coiling the strip in a coil shape and prevent end mark from forming on the strip by removing a bump formed on the surface of the strip. CONSTITUTION: The device comprises a pressing part comprising a lower holder(43) the surface of which is formed in a curved surface shape, an upper holder(42) the surface of which is formed in a curved surface shape correspondingly to the lower holder, and a cylinder(41) for moving the upper holder up and down so that a curved surface shape is formed on a top end part of the strip to prevent breakage of belt wrapper; a grinding part comprising a grinding roll(32) for removing a bump on the top end part of the strip, and a grinding roll driving part for driving the grinding roll to prevent end mark from forming on the surface of the strip; and a guide roll part comprising a guide roll(23) for smoothly moving the strip, and a guide roll fixing part(22) for moving the guide roll up and down.
Patent KR-20040056705-A (KR)
Title: A method for manufacturing sintered ore by using dolomite
Inventor: BANG YEONG HO
IPC: C22B1/16
Filed: 2002-12-24
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing sinter ore using dolomite is provided which is capable of suppressing strength decrease of sinter ore even when dolomite instead of serpentine that is a subsidiary raw material is used in manufacturing of sinter ore for blast furnace. CONSTITUTION: In a method for manufacturing sinter ore for blast furnace using dolomite substituting serpentine that is a subsidiary raw material, the method for manufacturing sinter ore using dolomite comprises the process of increasing a ratio of coke that is a fuel to 0.020 to 0.030% for 1% increase of the dolomite, thereby suppressing strength decrease of the sinter ore according to use of the dolomite.
Patent KR-20040058551-A (KR)
Title: Monoclonal antibody against asialo α1-acid glycoprotein, immunochromatographic strip comprising the monoclonal antibody, and method for diagnosing liver diseases using the immunochromatographic strip
Inventor: CHOI YONG GYEONG
IPC: C07K16/18
Filed: 2002-12-27
Abstract: PURPOSE: A monoclonal antibody against asialo alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, immunochromatographic strip comprising the monoclonal antibody, and a method for diagnosing liver diseases using the immunochromatographic strip are provided, thereby easily detecting asialo alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, so that liver disease can be diagnosed at an early stage, and the progress of liver disease can be monitored. CONSTITUTION: The monoclonal antibody against asialo alpha 1-acid glycoprotein does not react with heptoglobin and alpha2-macroglobulin. A hybridoma cell KCTC 10261BP produces the monoclonal antibody against asialo alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. The immunochromatographic strip comprising the monoclonal antibody detects 1.50 microgram/milliliter or more of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in a sample. A diagnostic kit for diagnosis of liver disease comprises the monoclonal antibody against asialo alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, and a solid containing Ricinus communis agglutinin(RCA) which is lectin recognizing asialo alpha 1-acid glycoprotein.
Patent KR-20040058663-A (KR)
Title: hand phone having switch for regulating vibrate
Inventor: CHUN HO NAM
IPC: H04B1/40
Filed: 2002-12-27
Abstract: PURPOSE: A cellular phone having a vibration control switch is provided to operate a vibration control switch formed on one of left and right sides of the cellular phone according to a user's operation, thereby conveniently controlling strength of a vibration while a call is not connected yet. CONSTITUTION: A controlling portion(10) is formed on one side of a cellular phone, and includes a control switch for controlling a level of a vibration according to a user's operation. A controller(20) controls strength of the vibration according to the vibration level controlled by the controlling portion(10), and displays the strength of the vibration when a call is received. A display(30) displays the vibration strength on either an outer window or an inner window under control of the controller(20). If the control switch is operated, the controller(20) transmits a control signal for preventing a call state by responding to the control switch, and controls the vibration strength by corresponding to the operated control switch.
Patent KR-20040058854-A (KR)
Title: digital video editing system and the operating method
Inventor: JI SEOK MAN
IPC: H04N7/14
Filed: 2002-12-27
Abstract: PURPOSE: A digital image editing system and a method of operating the system are provided to have various effects on a digital image of a mobile communication terminal. CONSTITUTION: A digital image editing system includes a camera unit(100), a pre-processor(110), a memory(140), a post-processor(130), a video codec(120), and a display(150). The camera unit converts a photographed image into a digital video signal. The pre-processor converts a color format of the digital video signal and processes digital effects on the video signal. The memory stores the digital video signal processed by the pre-processor. The post-processor converts a color format of the digital video signal read from the memory and processes digital effects on the video signal. The video codec receives the digital video signal from the pre-processor to compress the video signal or reads the digital video signal from the memory and reproduces the video signal to transmit the video signal to the post-processor. The display displays an image corresponding to the video signal received from the post-processor.
Patent KR-20040059135-A (KR)
Title: An Apparatus for Controlling the Position of Slab on Filing Roller Table
Inventor: CHOI IN SU
IPC: B21B39/14
Filed: 2002-12-28
Abstract: PURPOSE: An apparatus for controlling position of slab on piling roller table is provided which is capable of stably piling slabs on piler by accurately corresponding center of the slab to center of pusher on the piling roller table without influence of temperature and humidity due to transfer of slab of high temperature. CONSTITUTION: The apparatus comprises a sensor part(38) installed at an entrance of the piling roller table to produce admission signal of the slab by detecting slab that is advancing into the piling roller table; and an operation control part(300) for calculating position of longitudinal center of the slab being advanced into the piling roller table using length of the slab advanced into the piling roller table, a lapse time after generation of the admission signal of the slab and a preset rotational speed of the piling roller table, and stopping running of the piling roller table when the longitudinal center of the slab corresponds to center of the pusher, wherein the apparatus further comprises a pulse counter part(320) for calculating generation time of the admission signal of the slab generated in the sensor part; and a display part(330) for displaying a distance between the longitudinal center of the slab calculated in the operation control part and the pusher.
Patent KR-20040061252-A (KR)
Title: Control code setup system of universal remote controller and method thereof
Inventor: LEE SEONG SEOP
IPC: H04Q9/00
Filed: 2002-12-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: An apparatus and a method for setting a control code of a universal remote controller are provided to set a control frequency code by checking matching of control frequency codes to each activated key corresponding to control targets. CONSTITUTION: A microprocessor determines whether inputting of a unit key for selecting a control target is detected in a program mode(S301,S302). If inputting of a unit key is detected within pre-set time, the microprocessor determines whether an activated key for a corresponding unit is inputted with pre-set time(S303). If inputting of an activated key is detected, the microprocessor transmits a control frequency code with respect to the selected activated key to a control target of a subject to be controlled(S304). The microprocessor determines whether inputting of 'up key' is detected(S305). If inputting of 'up key' is detected, the microprocessor enters into an automatic scan mode(S306) and continuously transmits control frequency codes for a corresponding product in a forward direction of increasing addresses of a memory until the selected corresponding unit is reacted to the activated key(S307). The microprocessor determines whether inputting of a 'left key or down key' is detected(S308). If inputting of the 'left key or down key' is detected, the microprocessor reduces the addresses from the current position of the memory and transmits the control frequency code for the activated key(S309) and then determines whether inputting of an 'OK key' is detected(S310). If inputting of the 'OK key' is detected, the control frequency code for the corresponding unit is stored as a code corresponding to the currently activated key and terminates the program mode(S311).
Patent KR-20020021392-A (KR)
Title: Method for permanently shaping keratin fibres, and agents
IPC: A61K8/03
Filed: 1999-08-10
Abstract: A process for permanently deforming keratin fibers and compositions suitable for use in this process are provided. The process includes treating keratin fibers, before and/or after mechanically deforming the keratin fibers, with an aqueous reducing composition containing a keratin reducing substance, rinsing the keratin fibers with a rinse after contact with the reducing composition, and applying to the keratin fibers an aqueous fixing composition containing an oxidizing agent, where at least one of the reducing composition, the fixing composition, or the rinse is in the form of a two-phase or multiphase system. The two phase or multiphase system contains at least one oil component and/or at least one alcohol having limited miscibility with water and is capable of being converted at least temporarily with mechanical agitation into a homogeneous system for application to hair.
Patent KR-20030009278-A (KR)
Title: Method and apparatus for reading a magnetoresistive memory
IPC: H01L27/105
Filed: 2000-07-31
Abstract: A method and apparatus for reading a magnetoresistive memory is disclosed wherein the wordline current is turned off during selected sensing operations. This substantially eliminates the noise that is typically injected by the wordline current into the bit structures during the sensing operations, which increases the signal-to-noise ratio on the sense lines. This, in turn, significantly increases the speed of the sensing operations and thus the read access time of the memory. Substantial power savings are also realized.
Patent KR-20020035885-A (KR)
IPC: H01F6/06
Filed: 2000-10-06
Abstract: 본 발명은 초전도체 테이프를 코일상에 권취하기 위한 초전도체 테이프를 사용하는 방법이다. 이 발명에 의하여 초전도체 테이프는 소결하기 전에 특정사용환경에 맞도록 곡률반경으로 권취되고 그 후에 소결이 수행되어 진다. 따라서, 소결은 축에 감기전까지 이루어 질 수 있다. 그 결과 고온에서 견딜 수 있는 특별한 축이나 절연체의 사용없이도 이루어 작은 코일을 생산하는 것이 가능하다.
Patent KR-20020050298-A (KR)
IPC: B29C48/08
Filed: 2001-09-17
Abstract: 이하의 단계를 소정 타이밍으로 반복함으로써, 복수의 두께조정수단을 구비한 다이로부터 원료를 압출하여 제조되는 시트의 두께를 제어한다. 1)시트의 폭방향의 두께분포를 측정한다. 2)조작량과 시트두께의 관계를 표시하는 공정모델 및 시트두께 측정값에 기초하여 예측되는 장래의 시트두께변화를 소정 평가함수를 사용하여 평가하고, 이 평가함수가 극소값으로 되는 조작량 시계열을 도출한다. 3)도출된 이 조작량 시계열 중 적어도 최초의 조작량을 상기 두께조정수단에 출력한다.
Patent KR-20020065922-A (KR)
Title: Emulsifiable Concentrate Compositions with Silicone Antifoams
IPC: A01N25/04
Filed: 2001-01-05
Abstract: A foam control agent for emulsifiable concentrates and its use therein is disclosed wherein the agent comprises a soluble organosilicone of the formula: (R2(R1)2SiO1/2)e(SiO4/2)f(SiO3/2R1)g(SiO2/2)(R1)2)x(SiO2/2R1Z)y wherein: e=2f+g+2; f=0 to 2; g=0 to 2; x=30 to 150; y=0 to 30; where, when y>0, x/y=4 to 18 and x+y>=30, and when y=0, the ratio x/e is in the range of from about 20/1 to about 10/1; R1=alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms; R2=R1 or Z, provided that when y=0, R2=Z; Z=R3OBnG; R3 is a divalent bridging group of two to four carbons; B is an alkylene oxide group containing two to four carbon atoms, wherein less than ten mole percent of the alkylene oxide functionality is ethylene oxide; n=8 to 30; and G=hydrogen, a hydrocarbon radical of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or acetyl.
Patent KR-20020080400-A (KR)
Title: 단문 서비스(ｓｍｓ) 메세지를 전송 및 수신하기 위한시스템
IPC: H04W4/06
Filed: 2001-01-26
Abstract: 무선 통신 시스템상의 SMS 방송 메세지에 액세스하기 위한 방법.  기지국은 방송 채널상에 SMS 메세지를 주기적 또는 비주기적으로 전송한다.  기지국은 SMS 메세지를 제공하는 각 가입자 서비스에 대한 방송 채널 에서 주기적인 슬롯을 할당하며 슬롯 파라미터를 이동 유니트에 전송한다.  슬롯 파라미터 정보를 사용할 때 이동 유니트는 방송 채널을 스캔하기 위해 주기적으로 깨어난다.  SMS 방송 메세지의 각 카테고리에 대한 주기는 서로 다를수 있고 주기는 단일 방송 채널에 적용할 수 있다.  비주기적으로 도착한 메세지는 미리 예정된 방송 채널 프레임에서 대기되고 전송될 수 있다.  지정된 전송 주기보다 큰 도착 간격을 가지는 메세지는 단순히 반복된다.
Patent KR-20020077486-A (KR)
Title: 전자발광 디바이스 및 이를 제조하는 방법
IPC: H01L51/00
Filed: 2001-12-10
Abstract: 전자발광 디바이스는 패턴 방식의 잉크-제트 프린트된 전극을 포함한다. 이 전극은 전자발광 디바이스의 전자발광 층에 전하를 공급하며, 그리고 금속이나 금속 합금을 포함한다. 이러한 전자발광 디바이스를 제조하는 방법에서, 전극은 용융 금속이나 금속 합금을 잉크-제트 프린팅함으로써 형성된다.
Patent KR-20030040197-A (KR)
Title: Macrocellular polyolefin foam having a high service temperature for acoustical applications
IPC: C08J9/00
Filed: 2001-02-13
Abstract: Macrocellular polyolefin foams that can withstand temperatures above 110° C. are described for use in sound absorption and insulation applications, especially in elevated temperature and/or moist environments. These foams have a large cell size (>=1.5 mm), are open or closed-cell foams, and preferably have at least one perforation per square centimeter and/or a density less than 25 kg/m3. They are obtainable by extruding a high melt strength (HMS) polypropylene resin (PP), or preferably a blend of a HMS PP resin and a free radical polymerized ethylene polymer present in the blend in a weight ratio of at least 35:65, optionally another polymer such as a substantially random interpolymer, a cell size enlarging agent such a glycerol monostearate, an antioxidant, carbon black and/or flame retardant additives, using a volatile organic compound, e.g. isobutane, as blowing agent.
Patent KR-20040012429-A (KR)
IPC: A01N43/42
Filed: 2001-04-05
Abstract: 본 발명은 하기 일반식 (I)의 신규한 화합물, 다수의 그의 제조방법 및 페스티사이드(pesticide) 및 제초제로서의 그의 용도에 관한 것이다. 
     
       
     
     상기 식에서, 
     W, X, Y, Z, G, A, B, Q 1 , Q 2 및 D는 각각 명세서에 언급된 의미를 갖는다.
Patent KR-20020086951-A (KR)
Title: Ｚｓｍ-48 제올라이트를 사용한 오일 베이스의 플렉시블제조 방법
IPC: C10G65/12
Filed: 2001-04-20
Abstract: 본 발명은 수소화 처리 단계, 바람직하게는 제올라이트 Y 또는 베타상에서의 수소화 분해증류 단계, 대기압 증류 단계를 포함하는 고품질의 베이스 오일 및 동시에 임의로 고품질의 중간 증류물을 제조하는 개선된 방법에 관한 것이다. 유출물은 제올라이트 ZSM-48상에서의 접촉 탈파라핀화로 처리한다. 이러한 방법은 바람직하게는 1 종 이상의 VIII족 귀금속, 염소 및 불소를 포함하는 촉매상에서 방향족 화합물을 수소화 처리하기 위한 수소화 마무리 단계, 대기압 증류 단계 및 진공하 증류 단계를 포함한다. 오일 및 중간 증류물의 품질은 의료용 오일이 얻어질 정도로 유동점, 점도 지수, 방향족 화합물 함량이 개선된다,
Patent KR-20030007578-A (KR)
Title: Tank for the reversible storage of hydrogen
IPC: H01M8/00
Filed: 2001-05-10
Abstract: The invention relates to a tank for the reversible storage of hydrogen, comprising an external pressure casing, a hydrogen-storage alloy contained therein, a heat-exchange system and a hydrogen-gas reservoir, which is characterized in that, for the absorption of the hydrogen-storage alloy, the tank has a bed which consists of an open-pored metal sponge connected to the pressure-vessel wall in a material fit.
Patent KR-20030005348-A (KR)
Title: Video coding
IPC: H04N19/89
Filed: 2001-05-14
Abstract: A method for decoding an encoded video signal representing a sequence of pictures, the method comprising: 
- determining that a corresponding area of a default reference picture, for use in forming a motion compensated prediction for an area of a current picture, has been corrupted or lost; 
- examining an indicator provided in the encoded video signal to identify an area of an alternative reference picture that is sufficiently similar to the corresponding area of the default reference picture; and 
- forming a motion compensated prediction for the area of the current picture using the identified sufficiently similar area of the alternative reference picture.
Patent KR-20030005425-A (KR)
IPC: C07C43/12
Filed: 2001-05-30
Abstract: 본 발명은 할로겐화 알콜의 플루오로메틸화 방법에 관한 것이다.  당해 방법은 화학식 R 1 (CX 3 ) 2 OH의 알파-할로겐화 알콜(여기서, R 1 은 수소 및 알킬 그룹으로 이루어진 그룹으로부터 선택된다)의 제공 단계를 포함한다.  당해 알파-할로겐화 알콜은 산 촉매의 존재하에 화학식 CH 2 (OR 2 ) 2 의 제1 화합물과 반응하여 아세탈을 형성한다.  이어서, 생성된 아세탈은 염소화제로 염소화되어 화학식 R 1 C(CX 3 ) 2 OCH 2 Cl의 염소화물 화합물을 형성한다.  이어서, 당해 염소화물 화합물은 불화제에 의해 화학식 R 1 C(CX 3 ) 2 OCH 2 F의 플루오라이드 화합물로 전환된다.
Patent KR-20030016281-A (KR)
Title: Synchronous receiver with digital locked loop (dll) and clock detection
IPC: H03L7/095
Filed: 2002-04-22
Abstract: A method and apparatus for operating a source synchronous receiver. In one embodiment, a source synchronous receiver may include a clock receiver comprising a clock detector and a clock signal buffer. The clock detector may be configured to detect a first clock signal and assert a clock detect signal responsive to detecting the first clock signal. The clock buffer may receive the first clock signal and produce a second clock signal, which may be driven to a digital locked loop (DLL) circuit, where the second clock signal is regenerated and driven to a data buffer of the source synchronous receiver. The clock detect signal may be received by a clock verification circuit. The clock verification circuit may be configured to initiate a reset of the source synchronous receiver upon a failure to receive the clock detect signal. The resetting of the source synchronous receiver may be performed locally, and does not reset the core logic of the device in which it is implemented, nor any other source synchronous port on the device. Thus, other source synchronous ports on the device, as well as the core logic, may be able to continue operations as normal. The method and apparatus may include a source synchronous receiver that is hot-swappable.
Patent KR-20030010720-A (KR)
IPC: A61P3/04
Filed: 2001-06-12
Abstract: 하기 화학식의 화합물 및 그의 제약학적으로 허용가능한 염은 HMG CoA 환원효소 억제제이고, 따라서, 콜레스테롤 생합성을 억제하거나, 예를 들어, LDL 콜레스테롤을 낮추고(낮추거나) HDL 콜레스테롤을 증가시키는 것과 같이 혈청 지질을 조절하거나, 또는 고지혈증, 이상지혈증, 호르몬 대체 요법, 고콜레스테롤혈증, 고트리글리세리드혈증 및 죽상경화증 및 알쯔하이머병 및 골다공증 치료하는데 효력이 있다. 
     
       
     
     여기서, Z는 또는 이고; 
     n은 0 또는 1이고; 
     x는 0, 1, 2, 3 또는 4이고; 
     y는 0, 1, 2, 3 또는 4이고, 다만, x와 y중 적어도 한 개는 0이 아니어야 하고; (CH 2 ) x 및(또는) (CH 2 ) y 중의 1개 이상의 탄소는 임의로 3 내지 7원의 스피로시클릭 고리의 부분을 형성할 수 있고; 
     R 1 및 R 2 는 같거나 다를 수 있으며, 알킬, 아릴알킬, 시클로알킬, 알케닐, 시클로알케닐, 아릴, 헤테로아릴 또는 시클로헤테로알킬로부터 독립적으로 선택되고; 
     R 3 은 H 또는 저급 알킬이고; 
     R 4 및R 7 은 상기 정의된 바와 같다.