Patent GB-191001972-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to Flying Machines.
Inventor: DEAN GEORGE
IPC: B64C1/00
Filed: 1910-01-26
Granted: 1911-02-27
Abstract: 1972. Dean, G. Jan. 26. Aerial machines without aerostats; planes, arrangement of; balancing.-The supporting, steering, and steadying planes of a flying- machine of any type are divided into sections which are connected together so that the lift and the resistance of the planes to forward motion is the same on the two sides of the machine. Each section of the planes is provided with means for preventing an alteration of the centre of pressure of the section with variations of incidence. Provision may also be made for connecting the fore-and-aft planes so as to balance longitudinally. In one modification, the supporting - planes of a biplane are each divided into four sections. The corresponding upper and lower sections 4, 8, Fig. 1, are connected together at the rear by cross braces, and the intersections 13, 14, Figs. 6 and 7, of the braces on each side of the machine are pivoted on a diamond - shaped frame 15 shown in plan and elevation in Figs. 6 and 7 respectively. The frame 15 is supported on the fixed members 19 of the frame of the machine by a specially-shaped bracket 18, which is pivoted on an horizontal pin 25 extending from a vertical bar 16 pivoted to the frame 15. The bracket is formed with lugs 26<1> pivoted on a pin 23, which has an horizontal arm 22<1> pivoted in the bracket 22 of the frame 19. An arm 26 of the bracket 18 and an extension 24 of the vertical pin 23 are connected by rods 20, 21 to the corresponding members on the opposite side of the machine. The forward end of each section 4, 8, Fig. 1, is pivoted at 35 to bellcrank levers 36, 37 pivoted at 36<a> to the vertical frame members 29. The outer ends of the levers 36, 37 are connected by a rod 38, and the depending arms are connected by a rod 42 to an arm 41 secured to an auxiliary plane 40 pivoted to each of the sections of the main surfaces. In action, the lift of the sections on each side of the machine is balanced bv the rear frame 15 tilting about the arm 25 to increase or decrease the inclination of the planes. The resistance of the sections to forward motion is balanced by the frame 15 pivoting about the vertical pivot 16 so that the sections are moved forwards or rearwards. This movement of the section rocks the bellcrank levers 36, 37 about the pivot 36<a> and, acting through the rod 42, increases or decreases the incidence and also the resistance of the auxiliary plane 40. The air pressures on the two sides of the machine are balanced by the rods 20, 21. The lifts of the two sides of the machine are balanced by the brackets 18, which move about horizontal pivots in the bracket 22 and pull through the extension 24 on the rod 21. The drifts of the sides are balanced by the brackets 18 moving around the vertical pin 23 and pulling on the rod 20. In another modification, the supporting-surfaces are divided into three sections and the end sections 61, 62, Fig. 8, are pivoted to a frame 65, 66 and are connected together by rods 70. The auxiliary planes 40, Fig. 1, may be situated in any position relative to the sectional planes, or may be placed vertically Their effect is solely to vary the drift of the sections to which they are attached until balance is obtained. The supporting-planes may be arranged fore and aft of the machine at different levels. In one form, superposed planes are arranged at the front and a single plane at the rear at a lower level. The planes are made in sections as described, which are balanced as to lift and drift. The brackets 18, Figs. 6 and 7, are in this modification provided with additional vertical arms secured to the part 18<1> and the corresponding arms on the front and rear brackets are connected by cords passing over pulleys at the middle of the planes. The cords serve to balance the pressures on the front and rear planes and to preserve longitudinal equilibrium. Steering; propelling.-The machine is provided with a front elevator 49, Fig. 1, pivoted to a rod 48 depending from a frame 47 pivoted on outriggers 30, 31. The elevator is pivoted at 49<1> to the outriggers and is provided with auxiliary planes 50 connected by a rod to the end of the lever 48. The frame 47 is adjusted by a rod 54 and hand-lever 53, and the variation in resistance of the elevator is compensated for by the auxiliary planes 50. The lever 53 also serves to operate the rear rudder by means of a tiller 57 connected to the rod 56. In the modification described above having front and rear planes interconnected by cords, these can be controlled manually for elevating or depressing the machine. The propellers 43, Fig. 1, are mounted on upwardly-inclined shafts, and they may be adjusted for steering. The outriggers 44, 45 supporting the propeller shafts are adjustable on vertical pivots, the shafts being connected to move simultaneously. The motor or other weight is arranged to be moved together with the propeller shafts, to preserve equilibrium. Instead of moving the propeller shafts, the propellers may be pivotally mounted on the shafts 46, Fig. 23, by means of gimbals, and the propellers adjusted by levers 46<h> connected to a sleeve 46<g> surrounding a rod 46<f> connected to the propeller.