Patent GB-660215-A (GB)
Title: A process for catalytically refining distillable hydrocarbon oils
IPC: C10G45/28
Filed: 1948-12-09
Abstract: <PICT:0660215/IV (b)/1> Heavy gasolines, kerosines, jet fuels, gas oils, and lubricating oil distillates are purified by continuous catalytic hydrogenation in the dense phase in the presence of sufficient hydroaromatics or naphthenic benzines to ensure that the reaction mixture is homogeneous and has a density between 1.2 times the density at the maximum pressure point P1 of the two-phase area LG in the temperature pressure diagram shown in the drawing and 0.25 grams per c.c., and at a temperature lower than T2 at which excessive decomposition sets in.  The conditions thus fall within the area D of the diagram between the lines FZK1CHM, the area L representing liquid phase, the area G representing gaseous phase, and the area LG representing mixed liquid and gas.  Apart from hydroaromatic hydrocarbons, such compounds as ortho-cyclo-hexyl-phenol and 5-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene may be used as sources of hydrogen.  As catalysts, the sulphides or oxides of the metals of the 6th to 8th groups of the Periodic System, or oxides of the second group, may be used.  In an example, a gas oil is mixed with an equal quantity of naphthenic benzine containing 5 per cent aromatics, 54 per cent naphthenes, and 41 per cent paraffins and passed at a temperature of 400 DEG  C., a pressure of 100 kg. per sq. cm., and a rate of 1 litre per litre of catalyst per hour, over a catalyst consisting of cobalt and molybdenum oxides supported on aluminium oxide.  The calculated critical temperature of the mixture was 368 DEG  C.  The sulphur content of the gas oil is reduced and a refined benzine of increased O.N. is obtained. Specification 595,037 is referred to.ALSO:<PICT:0660215/III/1> Heavy gasolines, kerosenes, jet fuels, gas oils and lubricating oil distillates are purified by continuous catalytic hydrogenation in the dense phase in the presence of sufficient hydroaromatics or naphthenic benzines to ensure that the reaction mixture is homogeneous and has a density between 1.2 times the density at the maximum pressure point P1 of the two-phase area LG in the temperature pressure diagram shown in the drawing and 0.25 grams per cc., and at a temperature lower than T2 at which excessive decomposition sets in.  The conditions thus fall within the area D of the diagram between the lines FZK1CHM, the area L representing liquid phase, the area G representing gaseous phase, and the area LG representing mixed liquid and gas.  Apart from hydroaromatic hydrocarbons, such compounds as ortho-cyclo-hexyl-phenol and 5-hydroxy-1.2.3.4.tetrahydronaphthalene may be used as sources of hydrogen.  As catalysts, the sulphides or oxides of the metals of the 6th to 8th groups of the Periodic System or oxides of the second group may be used.  In an example, a gas oil having a boiling range of 200-350 DEG C., a critical temperature of 480 DEG C. and sulphur content of 0.65 per cent is mixed with an equal quantity of naphthenic benzine containing 5 per cent aromatics, 54 per cent naphthenes, and 41 per cent paraffins and passed at a temperature of 400 DEG C., a pressure of 100 kg. per sq. cm., and a rate of 1 litre per litre of catalyst per hour over a catalyst consisting of cobalt and molybdenum oxides supported on aluminium oxide.  The calculated critical temperature of the mixture was 368 DEG C, and the density of the dense phase 0.35 gr. per c.c.  After distilling off the benzine, the sulphur content of the gas oil amounted to 0.08 per cent during the first 184 hours.  A motor fuel of increased octaine number is thereby obtained, while the benzine becomes refined.  Specification 595,037, [Group IV], is referred to.