baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20200107968-A (KR)
Title: 업링크 제어 정보 (uci) 대 리소스 엘리먼트 (re) 맵핑
Inventor: HUANG YI
IPC: H04W72/04
Filed: 2019-01-18
Abstract: 본 개시의 소정의 양태들은 불연속적인 물리적 리소스 블록 (RB) 할당을 가진 주파수 도메인에서 리소스 엘리먼트들 (RE들) 에 업링크 제어 정보 (UCI) 를 맵핑하는 것에 관한 방법들 및 장치에 관한 것이다.     소정의 양태들은, 주파수에 의한 순서로 통신 채널의 복수의 통신 리소스들에 연속적인 번호들의 세트를 할당하는 단계를 포함하는 방법에 관한 것으로, 통신 채널은 복수의 주파수 리소스들 및 복수의 시간 리소스들을 포함하고, 복수의 통신 리소스들은 주파수에 있어서 불연속적이고 불연속적인 인덱스들과 연관된 주파수 리소스들에 할당된다.     방법은 복수의 통신 리소스들에 할당된 연속적인 번호들의 세트에 기초하여 복수의 통신 리소스들에 업링크 제어 정보를 맵핑하는 단계를 더 포함한다.     방법은 맵핑에 기초하여 복수의 통신 리소스들에서 업링크 제어 정보를 송신하는 단계 또는 수신하는 단계 중 하나를 더 포함한다.
Patent KR-20200099588-A (KR)
Title: 입자 검출 센서
Inventor: NAGATANI YOSHIHARU
IPC: G01N15/06
Filed: 2019-01-23
Abstract: 입자 검출 센서(1)는, 대상 유체에 포함되는 입자를 검출하는 입자 검출 센서로서, 검출 영역(DA)을 향해 광(L1)을 출사하는 투광부(20)와, 투광부(20)가 출사하는 광에 대해서 수광 감도를 갖고, 검출 영역(DA)을 통과하는 입자에 의한 광(L1)의 산란광(L2)을 광전 변환함으로써 전기 신호를 생성해서 출력하는 수광부(30)와, 전기 신호에 기초해서, 제 1 입자가 포함되는 제 1 입경 구분의 제 1 질량 농도와, 제 1 입자 및 당해 제 1 입자보다 큰 제 2 입자가 포함되는 제 2 입경 구분의 제 2 질량 농도를 산출하는 신호 처리 회로(50)와, 제 1 입자의 입자수에 기초해서 제 2 입자의 입자수를 추정하고, 추정한 입자수에 기초해서 제 2 질량 농도의 보정을 행하는 보정 회로(60)를 구비한다.
Patent KR-20200100842-A (KR)
Title: 와이어 스레드 인서트를 위한 설치 도구
Inventor: MARXKORS ANDREAS
IPC: B25B23/142
Filed: 2018-12-21
Abstract: 와이어 스레드 인서트를 위한 설치 도구는 제1 방향과 제2 방향 사이의 전환가능 회전 이동을 제공하는 구동 유닛, 맨드릴 본체를 회전시키기 위한 구동 섹션 및 맨드릴 본체를 회전시키기 위한 구동 섹션과 와이어 스레드 인서트가 스크류잉되거나 회전될 수 있는 스레드 섹션을 갖는 맨드릴 본체, 설치 블레이드, 및 서로 결합되는 형상-맞춤 및 압력-맞춤 클러치 상위 부품 및 클러치 하위 부품을 포함하는 토크 클러치를 포함하고, 클러치 상위 부품은 토크-방지 방식으로 구동 유닛에 연결되고 클러치 하위 부품은 토크-방지 방식으로 맨드릴 본체에 연결되고, 한편 클러치 상위 부품과 클러치 하위 부품 사이의 한계 토크를 초과함으로써 유발되는 클러치 상위 부품과 클러치 하위 부품 사이의 커플링해제된 상대 회전에 의해, 맨드릴 본체와 설치 블레이드 사이의 상대 이동이 생성될 수 있다.
Patent KR-20200118427-A (KR)
Title: 주조 주형의 냉각 장치 및 냉각 방법
Inventor: RODERS ANDREAS
IPC: B29C33/04
Filed: 2019-02-12
Abstract: 본 발명은 주조 주형(14) 내에 형성된 증발 체임버(18), 이 증발 체임버(18)에 액체를 공급하기 위한 제 1 펌프(23), 및 증발 체임버(18)에 대기압과 다른 압력을 가하기 위한 제 2 펌프(30, 31)를 포함하는 주조 주형(14)을 냉각시키기 위한 장치에 관한 것이다. 본 발명은 또한 대응하는 방법에 관한 것이다. 본 발명은 주조 주형의 냉각을 목표로 하는 방법으로 제어하는 것을 가능하게 한다. 이는 특히 플라스틱 부품의 사출 성형에 도움이 될 수 있다.
Patent KR-20200118828-A (KR)
Title: 신규한 젬시타빈 유도체의 소분자 약물 컨쥬게이트
Inventor: EVERETT STEVEN ALBERT
IPC: G01N33/574
Filed: 2019-02-04
Abstract: 식 (I)를 갖는 화합물: 
   
또는 그의 약학적으로 허용가능한 염, 에스테르, 아미드, 용매화물, 또는 입체이성질체가 개시되고, 여기서
 
L, Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 , Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 , Z 4 , Z 5 , Z 6  및 이펙터는 각각 본명세서에서 정의된 바와 같음; 그의 조성물; 그의 용도; 및 그의 사용 방법이 개시됨.
Patent KR-20220027727-A (KR)
Title: Mimo 레이더를 사용하는 상관 움직임 검출 및 측정
Inventor: CHAYAT JONATHAN
IPC: A61B5/11
Filed: 2019-02-22
Abstract: 다중 시간 프레임의 반사율 데이터로부터 분해된 상관된 모션을 사용하여 이미징의 판별 능력을 향상시키는 MIMO 레이더 장치 및 방법. 이러한 이미징은 고정되지 않은 환경에서 타겟을 인식하는 것 이외에도 호흡 및 심장 활동의 시간적 패턴을 추적하는 데 적용된다.
Patent KR-20200133274-A (KR)
Title: 공정 플라즈마의 이온 에너지 분포를 제어하기 위한 장치 및 방법
Inventor: YOSHIDA YUSUKE
IPC: H01J37/32
Filed: 2019-04-08
Abstract: 다중 고조파 주파수 성분이 플라즈마 공정에서 플라즈마 여기를 위해 사용된다. 원하는 이온 에너지 플라즈마 특성을 제공하기 위해, 상이한 주파수 성분들 사이의 상대 진폭 및/또는 위상 변이가 제어된다. 상대 진폭 및/또는 위상 변이는 직접적인 및/또는 수동적인 이온 에너지 측정 없이 제어될 수 있다. 더 정확하게는, 예를 들어, 임피던스 레벨, 무선 주파수(RF) 발생기의 전기 신호, 정합망의 전기 신호, 및 플라즈마 공정 장치의 다른 회로의 전기 신호와 같은, 플라즈마 장치 내의 하나 이상의 전기적 특성을 모니터링함으로써, 플라즈마 내의 이온 에너지가 동적으로 제어될 수 있다. 이온 에너지의 모니터링 및 제어는, 원하는 이온 에너지 분포를 유지하기 위해 플라즈마 공정 동안 동적으로 수행될 수 있다.
Patent KR-20200133279-A (KR)
Title: 교차점 메모리 어레이 및 관련 제조 기술
Inventor: CASTRO HERNAN A
IPC: H01L45/00
Filed: 2019-03-25
Abstract: 교차점 메모리 어레이 및 관련 제조 기술을 위한 방법 및 장치가 설명된다. 본 명세서에 설명된 제조 기술은 교차점 아키텍처에 배치된 메모리 셀의 2개 이상의 데크를 동시에 구축하는 것을 용이하게 할 수 있다. 메모리 셀의 각각의 데크는 복수의 제1 액세스 라인(예를 들어, 워드 라인), 복수의 제2 액세스 라인(예를 들어, 비트 라인), 및 제1 액세스 라인과 제2 액세스 라인의 각각의 토폴로지 교차점에 메모리 구성 요소를 포함할 수 있다. 상기 제조 기술은 복합 스택의 상부 층에 형성된 비아 패턴을 사용할 수 있으며, 이로 감소된 수의 처리 단계를 사용하면서 상기 복합 스택 내에 3D 메모리 어레이를 구축하는 것을 용이하게 할 수 있다. 상기 제조 기술은 또한 상기 3D 메모리 어레이가 메모리 디바이스의 다른 구성 요소와 결합될 수 있는 소켓 영역을 형성하는 데 적합할 수 있다.
Patent KR-20210020896-A (KR)
Title: 자율 작동 작업 기계의 작동 방법 및 장치
Inventor: SCHULZ UDO
IPC: E02F9/20
Filed: 2019-05-13
Abstract: 본 발명은 운동 시스템(110, 115, 120)을 포함하는 기계(100, 105)의 작동 방법 및 장치에 관한 것이며, 상기 기계(100, 105) 및/또는 상기 운동 시스템(110, 115, 120)의 포즈는 특히 시그널링을 사용하는 측정 방법에 의해 결정될 수 있고, 특히 시그널링을 사용하는 측정 방법에 의해 결정된 상기 기계(100, 105) 및/또는 상기 운동 시스템(110, 115, 120)의 포즈는 의미론적 맵(200)과 비교되며(215), 상기 기계(1l00, 105) 주변의 물체와의 조건부 허용 충돌 또는 허용되지 않는 충돌이 검출된다.
Patent KR-20220098554-A (KR)
Inventor: NOH YOUNG WOO
IPC: G06Q20/38
Filed: 2021-01-04
Abstract: The present invention relates to a business system related to environmental protection through actual use, payment and exchange of a blockchain-based cryptocurrency (or virtual asset) and, particularly, to a system in which a consumer uses a point or a designated cryptocurrency in a platform, which is obtained through a swap of a cryptocurrency token (exchange for other blockchain cryptocurrency) and a purchasing activity, and the platform performs a business related to environmental protection based on the customer's use history of points, such as the certified emission reduction business. Particularly, the present invention relates to the business system related to environmental protection, in which the customer can participate in the environmental protection business only by using the blockchain cryptocurrency (virtual asset) token and the platform provides a reward offering system for the customer's participation, in other words, a reward platform, thereby creating a virtuous cycle comprising the customer's participation, implementation of the environmental protection business, distribution of rewards therefrom and the customer's re-engagement.
Patent KR-20210008126-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM JAEHYUNG
IPC: H04L5/00
Filed: 2021-01-13
Abstract: The present invention provides a method for transmitting a plurality of uplink control information (UCI) on a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) in a wireless communication system. More specifically, the method performed by a user equipment (UE) comprises the steps of: receiving, from a base station, first control information related to the PUCCH for transmitting the plurality of UCI; determining a first parameter representing a number of coded bits for the plurality of UCI based on the first control information, wherein the plurality of UCI includes channel state information (CSI) including at least one of a first part or a second part; determining a size of the first part based on the first parameter and second control information related to the size determination of the first part; and transmitting, to the base station, the plurality of UCI on the PUCCH.
Patent KR-20220102311-A (KR)
Title: Electronic device for measuring posture of user and method thereof
Inventor: KIM JINIK
IPC: G06K9/00
Filed: 2021-01-13
Abstract: The present invention relates to an electronic device for measuring the posture of a user and a method thereof. According to various embodiments of the present invention, the electronic device comprises: a sensor; a short range communication module for performing short range communication with an external electronic device; and a processor operatively connected to the short range communication module. The processor can be configured to generate first rotation angle information by using the sensor, use the short range communication module to be connected to an external electronic device, receive second rotation angle information and check data allocated uniquely to the second rotation information from the external electronic device, set a first time stamp by corresponding to the second rotation angle information reception time point and the check data, set a second time stamp by corresponding to the correction time point of the second rotation angle information and the check data, calculate a delay time until the correction time point of the second rotation angle information at the reception time point of the second rotation angle information by comparing the first time stamp with the second time stamp, correct the second rotation angle information based on the delay time, and generate posture information based on the first rotation angle information and the corrected second rotation angle information. The present invention aims to provide an electronic device for measuring the posture of a user and a method thereof, which are capable of presenting a method for optimizing posture information.
Patent KR-20220005971-A (KR)
Title: Automatic fire extinguishing concentric plug
Inventor: PARK JUNG HWA
IPC: H01R13/10
Filed: 2021-01-26
Abstract: The problem to be solved by the present invention is to prevent a fire in a concentric plug. The present invention relates to an automatic fire extinguishing concentric plug. The automatic fire extinguishing concentric plug comprises: a base unit including a receiving groove having a plurality of divided storage spaces; a connection terminal accommodated and mounted in the receiving groove; at least one fire extinguishing medium sheet mounted in the receiving groove of the base part; and a cap part coupled to the base part and performing an electrical connection between an insertion pin of the plug and the connection terminal by performing an insertion operation of the plug of an electrical and electronic product.
Patent KR-20220109711-A (KR)
Title: Electronic device for broadcasting advertisement packet with counterpart electronic device and operating mehtod thereof
Inventor: HAN EUIBUM
IPC: H04N21/845
Filed: 2021-01-29
Abstract: Disclosed is an electronic device including a communication module communicating with a counterpart electronic device through a wireless link, a processor, and a memory storing instructions. The instructions, when executed by the processor, are configured to: identify a first timing offset with respect to a first broadcasting period and a reference broadcasting time point of a first advertisement packet based on first device information of the electronic device and second device information from the counterpart electronic device; and broadcast the first advertisement packet every first transmission periods from a time point according to the first timing offset from the reference broadcast time point. The reference broadcasting time point is a reference time point synchronized between the electronic device and the counterpart electronic device. The first timing offset prevents the first broadcasting time point of the first advertisement packet from overlapping with a second broadcasting time point of a second advertisement packet of the counterpart electronic device. In addition, various embodiments identified through the specification are possible. Advertising packets can be broadcasted efficiently.
Patent KR-20210106357-A (KR)
Inventor: YAMAMOTO MASAKAZU
IPC: G06F11/32
Filed: 2021-02-10
Abstract: An objective of the present invention is to provide a technique for visualizing a process state of a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus while a process is executed in the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus. According to the present invention, an information processing system executes a simulation of a process state being executed in a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus by using a simulation model of the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus. The information processing system comprises: a physical sensor data acquisition unit acquiring physical sensor data measured in the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus executing a process according to a process parameter; a simulation execution unit calculating virtual sensor data and virtual process result data by executing a simulation according to the simulation model on the basis of the process parameters; and a display control unit by using the physical sensor data, the virtual sensor data, and the virtual process result data to visualize and display a process state of the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus on a display unit during execution of the process.
Patent KR-20210133128-A (KR)
Title: Steering wheel capable of hands on/off sensing
IPC: B62D1/06
Filed: 2021-02-10
Abstract: Disclosed is a driver grip sensing steering wheel. The driver grip sensing steering wheel according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a rim base having a core having a rim shape and a base layer made of a polymer material surrounding the core; a capacitive sensor pad attached to the rim base to detect hands-off and hands-on signals of a driver; and a control unit which receives the signal detected from the sensor pad, processes a noise signal, and determines hands-off and hands-on statuses of the driver based on the signal processed with the noise signal. An objective of the present invention is to provide the steering wheel equipped with the capacitive sensor pad capable of accurately checking whether the driver grips the steering wheel, and a manufacturing method of a driver's grip detection pad.
Patent KR-20220116636-A (KR)
Title: Grating device for location indication of underground buried conduit
Inventor: YOO IN GI
IPC: E03F5/06
Filed: 2021-02-15
Abstract: According to the present invention, provided is a grating apparatus for providing spatial information of an underground facility, comprising: a grating (10) which includes a base frame (12) forming an outer edge and a plurality of ribs (14) arranged to cross the inside of the frame (12) in a transverse direction; an elastic coupling unit (20) which is elastically slid from an upper surface (14a) of the lib (14) constituting the grating (10) with respect to one side surface (14b) of lib (14) and coupled to the rib (14); and a QR code (30) which is coupled on one side surface of the elastic coupling unit (20) and in which burial information is inputted. The grating apparatus provides location indication of an underground pipeline at low cost while preventing damage and abrasion.
Patent KR-20220044634-A (KR)
Title: Crossing multi-stack nanosheet structure and method of manufacturing the same
Inventor: HWANG IN CHAN
IPC: H01L29/06
Filed: 2021-02-22
Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises: a substrate; a first transistor formed above the substrate and including a first transistor stack, wherein the first transistor stack includes a plurality of first channel structures, a first gate structure for surrounding the first channel structures, and first and second source/drain regions provided at both ends of the first transistor stack in a first-channel length direction; and a second transistor formed above the first transistor in a vertical direction, and including a second transistor stack, wherein the second transistor stack includes a plurality of second channel structures, a second gate structure for surrounding the second channel structures, and third and fourth source/drain regions provided at both ends of the second transistor stack in a second-channel length direction. The third source/drain region does not vertically overlap the first source/drain region or the second source/drain region, and the fourth source/drain region does not vertically overlap the first source/drain region or the second source/drain region. Therefore, the semiconductor device can be easily manufactured and can have improved reliability.
Patent KR-20220126146-A (KR)
Inventor: AN IN SEONG
IPC: B23D21/04
Filed: 2021-03-08
Abstract: The present invention relates to a fixed pipe cutting device having an automatic bite slotting structure. More particularly, the present invention relates to a fixed pipe cutting device having an automatic bite slotting structure that precisely cuts a pipe to a set length while minimizing physical damage to the pipe itself by fixing the pipe that needs to be cut in a non-rotating state and inserting a bite into the cut portion of the pipe fixed in the non-rotating state by rotating the bite.
Patent KR-20220127003-A (KR)
Title: Image sensor and Camera Module including the same
Inventor: MOON KYOUNG HWAN
IPC: H04N9/04
Filed: 2021-03-10
Abstract: An image sensor according to the technical idea of the present disclosure may include: a pixel array; a color filter array comprising a plurality of color filters arranged in rows and columns on the pixel array, wherein the plurality of color filters are divided into a plurality of groups each including 9 color filters arranged in 3 rows and 3 columns, respectively; and a micro lens array disposed on the color filter array. In the image sensor, the plurality of first color filters among the 9 color filters included in each of a plurality of groups are positioned opposite to each other in a diagonal direction, and a plurality of second color filters among the 9 color filters color have the same corresponding to the corresponding group.
Patent KR-20220097102-A (KR)
Title: Storage device including memory contoller and operating method of memory controller
Inventor: KIM HUI JEONG
IPC: G06F11/14
Filed: 2021-03-17
Abstract: Disclosed are a storage device including a memory controller and an operating method of the memory controller. According to the present disclosure, the storage device includes: a writing buffer in which writing data, which is not groped into a transaction, is stored; a non-volatile memory device including a journal buffer in which journal logs are stored; a volatile memory device temporarily storing first meta data; and a memory controller updating the first meta data into second meta data based on a journal log stored after opening of a check point among journal logs stored in the journal buffer.
Patent KR-20220136000-A (KR)
Title: Assembling footstool for bathroom
Inventor: PARK CHANG YEON
IPC: A47G27/04
Filed: 2021-03-31
Abstract: The present invention relates to an assembled footstool for a bathroom, comprising: a plurality of unit footstools having a rectangular shape, having one or more drainage channels formed long therein to be able to be connected to another adjacent unit footstool, and formed of resin to have predetermined elasticity; and an assembly means for connecting and assembling the unit footstools to one another. A plurality of unit footstools can be coupled and connected very firmly to one another through female and male assemblies of the assembly means to minimize the separation of the plurality of assembled unit footstools in the process of use, thereby ensuring the long-period stable use of the product. The assembly of the footstool is induced by the convenient connection of the female and male assemblies of the assembly means to enable anyone to assemble the footstool easily, thereby securing excellent versatility of use of the footstool. Moreover, fixing and bonding strength between the footstools can be reinforced by a recessed fixing groove and a fixing body formed on the unit footstool, thereby further securing excellent safety of use of the product. In addition, the easy separation of the footstool to be replaced can be induced by a separation means, thereby inducing excellent product operation and management through the convenience of replacement of the footstool.
Patent KR-20220137227-A (KR)
Inventor: HWANG JEONG WON
IPC: B64C39/02
Filed: 2021-04-02
Abstract: The present invention relates to a drone for an advertisement using light emitting diode (LED) persistence of vision (POV). The drone can stop or fly in the air by using multiple propellers. The movement of the propeller is remotely controlled by a controller. The drone comprises: a storage module storing and managing image data to be advertised; the LED POV installed on the drone and executing an image advertisement by outputting an image of the image data stored in the storage module; and a fixing unit connecting and fixing the LED POV onto the drone. The LED POV attached to the front of the drone executes the advertisement using the output image by using an afterimage effect. Also, the drone enables a user to expect an excellent advertisement effect by outputting and providing various images on the advertisement by using the LED POV as much image data on the advertisement is stored in the storage module transmitting the image data to the LED POV. Moreover, the advertisement using the drone can be executed intensively in the place and at the time a customer wants. So, the drone enables the user to expect an efficient advertisement effect. Also, the drone induces stable installing and fixing by using the fixing unit. Therefore, a stable flight of the drone and an advertisement image with excellent quality using the LED POV can be provided. Moreover, a lifesaving unit is simply mounted instead of the LED POV by using the fixing unit. So, the drone can execute a lifesaving activity, and usage versatility of the drone can be obtained.
Patent KR-20220137394-A (KR)
Inventor: JUNG GWANG KOO
IPC: B61J1/02
Filed: 2021-04-02
Abstract: An overhead conveyor of the present invention includes: a rail composed of a rotating rail assembly having a first rail, a second rail intersecting the first rail, and a rotating rail that changes a travel path to the first rail or the second rail; and a bogie composed of a main body and a rotation drive part installed on the main body and rotating at the same time as the rotating rail. Accordingly, there is an effect of changing the travel path of the bogie by the rotation drive part and the rotating rail. An objective of the present invention is to provide a bogie for an overhead conveyor in which one bogie can be applied even if a transport direction of a cassette is changed, and additional bogies and buffers are not required.
Patent KR-20220138039-A (KR)
Title: Fine dust filter and insect net for vehicles window
Inventor: PARK SEUNG YEOL
IPC: B60R11/00
Filed: 2021-04-04
Abstract: The present invention relates to an insect-repellent and dustproof net for vehicles. The insect-repellent and dustproof net for vehicles, according to the present invention, comprises: an anti-vibration layer having a honeycomb structure; a fiber layer having pores of 0.05 to 0.10 μm; and a protective layer having a mesh structure. According to the present invention, it is possible to safely protect vehicle occupants by blocking the inflow of pollutants including fine dust, that is, pests, rainwater, and the like.
Patent KR-20220144022-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM KYOUNG HOON
IPC: H01L25/065
Filed: 2021-04-16
Abstract: A semiconductor device according to an embodiment of the present invention may comprise: a substrate; a memory structure disposed on the substrate and including memory cells; a defect detection element surrounding the memory structure; and a dam structure surrounding the defect detection element.The defect detection element may comprise: a circuit gate electrode layer on the substrate; a lower wiring structure connected to the circuit gate electrode layer and including lower wiring lines and lower contact plugs; through-vias on the lower wiring structure; and an upper wiring structure disposed on the through-vias and including upper wiring lines and upper contact plugs.The dam structure may comprise a plurality of vertically stacked conductive lines arranged to surround the defect detection element. The through-vias are connected to an uppermost lower wiring line among the lower wiring lines, have a first length along an extension direction of the uppermost lower wiring line, and have a second length smaller than the first length along a direction perpendicular to the extension direction. Accordingly, the present invention provides a semiconductor device with improved reliability.
Patent KR-20210054494-A (KR)
Title: Pre-treatment system for desulfurizing a marine fuel oil using the pre-treatment catalyst for desulfurization
Inventor: LEE CHEOL
IPC: C10L1/06
Filed: 2021-04-20
Abstract: A pre-treatment desulfurization system for marine fuel oil using a pre-treatment desulfurization agent of the present invention includes: a desulfurization agent storage tank for storing a liquid pre-treatment desulfurization agent; and a metering pump for inputting the desulfurization agent to a fuel supply line of a marine engine to which the marine fuel oil is supplied from the desulfurization agent storage tank at a predetermined ratio. The marine fuel oil and the pre-treatment desulfurization agent are supplied to the marine engine in a mixed state to adsorb and remove sulfur oxides in the combustion process of the mixed fluid.