Patent GB-1006654-A (GB)
Title: Improved fuel system for internal combustion engines
Inventor: MASTERMAN JOHN MICHAEL
IPC: F02C7/22
Filed: 1961-01-27
Abstract: 1,006,654. Gas turbine engines. DOWTY FUEL SYSTEMS Ltd. Jan. 23, 1962 [Jan. 27, 1961 (2)], Nos. 3265/61 and 3266/61. Heading FIG. [Also in Division H3] A fuel system for a gas turbine engine, comprises a normal fuel flow control and an emergency fuel flow arranged for simultaneous and approximately similar adjustment together with a rapid switching means operative on failure detection to switch from the normal fuel flow control to the emergency fuel flow control. The invention is described with reference to a two-spool type of gas turbine jet engine suitable for use in a vertical take-off and landing aircraft, fuel being supplied to the engine through line 2 by means of a pair of pumps 5, 4 arranged in series flow, the fuel spill line 3 connecting to a change-over valve 9 from which fuel may pass either through line 11, spill valve 13 and line 14 back to the pump inlet, or through line 12 and emergency throttle 15 to line 14 and so back to the pump inlet. A generator 26 is driven from the low pressure spool of the engine so as to provide a signal the frequency of which is proportional to the speed of the low pressure spool, the signal current being fed to the stator coil 72 of a synchronizing motor 25. A reference speed signal generator 23 is also provided, the generator being controlled by linkage 22 from the pilot's control lever 16 whereby the generator speed is equal to the desired speed determined by the position of the lever. The reference speed signal is fed to the stator coil 71 of the synchronizing motor, the cross-connected rotors 73, 74 of which thus run at a speed equal to the frequency difference of the speed signal generators 23, 26, the tacho-generator 28 is driven by the motor generating a voltage proportional to this speed. The signal from the tachogenerator is fed to the magnetic amplifier 29 which is arranged to actuate a solenoid 32 which through linkage 33 can actuate the change-over valve 9. When the speed of the low-pressure spool therefore differs from that of the reference speed set by the control lever 16 acting through the reference generator 23, the solenoid 32 operates to move the change-over valve 9 whereby the fuel spill is controlled by the emergency throttle 15 instead of by the spill valve 13. The control lever 16 also acts through linkage 17 on to a floating lever 18 which is connected in turn to the emergency throttle 15 and to the high pressure spool governor 21, the loading of which is therefore set by the position of the control lever 16. The governor 21 is connected to the spill valve 13. The control lever 16 is also connected to an A.C. pick-off device 31, the output of which is fed to the magnetic amplifier 29 in opposition to the output from the tacho-generator 28. The solenoid 32 is also connected by linkage 34 to a switch 24 which is capable of connecting stator 71 of the synchronizing motor 25 either to the reference generator 23 or to an alternative reference generator. At lower engine speeds, the engine is controlled completely by the high pressure spool governor 21, the nut 78 engaged on the screwed shaft 77 of the synchronizing motor 25 being engaged against the end stop 81 and the floating lever 18 which is pivotally mounted on the nut 82, pivots about this fixed point. The slipping clutch 83 permits rotation of the rotor 73, 74 when the nut 82 is against either end stop. In the upper speed range it is desirable to control the speed of the low pressure spool, and control of the spill valve 13 will now be in accordance with the frequency error between the two signals from the generators 23 and 26, the error being reduced to zero by operation of the synchronising motor. In the event of a fault occurring in the fuel system in the higher speed range of operation, the synchronizing motor will rotate so as to move the lever 18 and to adjust the governor 21 so as to tend to correct the resulting difference in speed of the engine and of the value selected by the control lever. The tacho-generator 28 will act to supply bias voltage to the magnetic amplifier 29 which in turn causes operation of solenoid 32 and the operation of change-over valve 9 through link 33. The solenoid 32 also causes the switch 24 to be moved to select another reference generator. The A.C, pick-off 31 is provided so that on movement of the lever 16, current is supplied to the magnetic amplifier in opposition to the current supplied by the tacho-generator 28 so as to nullify its effect. This prevents actuation of the solenoid 32 during normal movement of the lever 16 in the higher speed range.