baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent ES-8506660-A1 (ES)
Title: Compounds containing beta-lactams.
IPC: C07D503/00
Filed: 1983-12-22
Abstract: A compound of formula (I) or a salt or ester thereof: <CHEM contiene="yes"> wherein X represents chlorine, bromine, or iodine. Pharmaceutical compositions and use are also disclosed for the compound of formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof.
Patent ES-8507509-A1 (ES)
Title: Amino-imidazole-5-carboxamide
IPC: C07D239/22
Filed: 1984-02-07
Abstract: A process of prepg a cpd of general formula 1 wherein R3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl and n is an integer from 1 to 5, comprising reacting a cpd of the general formula 2 with a lower alkyl orthoester of a lower fatty acid or with formic acid in the presence of acetic anhydride. - (12pp) EPAB- EP-126813 B A process of prepg a cpd of general formula 1 wherein R3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl and n is an integer from 1 to 5, comprising reacting a cpd of the general formula 2 with a lower alkyl orthoester of a lower fatty acid or with formic acid in the presence of acetic anhydride. USAB- US4451478 A Cpds. of formula (I) are new: (n=1-5). - (I) can be used to make erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) hypoxanthine (IV) and its homologues and also to make cpds. of formula (II) and (III), (where R is 1-4C alkyl, Cl or Br). All three classes of cpds. and (I) are useful as immunomodulators. (0/0)
Patent ES-8600226-A1 (ES)
Title: N-Phenyl-N'-hydrocarbyl:oxy-formamidine derivs.
IPC: A01N33/24
Filed: 1984-07-13
Abstract: Formamidoxime derivs. of formula (I), ehtir salt their salts with (in)organic acids and their complexes with metal salts are new, each X = halogen, NO2, CN, CHO, 2-8C alkanoyl, COOH, 2-8C alkoxycarbonyl, 3-8C alkenyloxycarbonyl, 3-8C alkynyloxycarbonyl, CONH2, 2-6C alkyl carbamoyl, heterocyclyl contg. O or 1-6C opt. unsatd. hydrocarbyl (opt. mono-substd. by CN, OH, halogen, 1-6C alkoxy (opt. substd.). 2-6C Alkenyloxy, 2-6C alkynyloxy, 3-8C alkynyloxycarbonyloxy, 1-6C alkylthio, 1-6C alkylsulphinyl, 1-6C alkylsulphonyl, 1-6C alkylamino, hydroxyimino, 1-6C alkoxyimino or 2-8C alkoxycarbonyl) B = O, S SO, SO2 or N(R') R' = H or 1-6C alkyl each Y = H or 1-6C opt. unsatd. hydrocarbyl (opt. mono or di substd.) or part of (B-Y)n = 1-3C alkylenedioxy (opt. substd. by 1-6C alkoxy), O(CH2)-O(CH2)l' or O(CH2)lOCO l and l' = 1-3 m and n = 0-5 provided that m+n = 0-5. R = opt. unsatd. 1-18C hydrocarbyl opt. substd. by halogen, CN, 1-6C alkoxy, 1-6C alkylthio or 1-6C alkoxycarbonyl.
Patent ES-8506601-A1 (ES)
Title: Benzamide derivatives
IPC: A61K31/36
Filed: 1984-10-25
Abstract: Benzamides of the formula < IMAGE > wherein R<1> and R<2> each independently signify hydrogen, halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, cyano, trifluoromethyl, sulphamoyl, mono(lower alkyl)sulphamoyl or di(lower alkyl)sulphamoyl or R<1> and R<2> on adjacent carbon atoms together signify a methylenedioxy group, with the proviso that R<2> is different from hydrogen when R<1> signifies bromine in the 3-position, and their pharmaceutically usable acid addition salts have interesting monoamine oxidase inhibiting properties with low toxicity and can accordingly be used for the treatment of depressive states and Parkinsonism. Those compounds of formula I in which R<1> signifies halogen, cyano or trifluoromethyl in the para-position and R<2> signifies hydrogen or R<1> and R<2> together signify 2,4-dichloro, 3,4-dichloro or 3,4-methylenedioxy are novel these novel compounds can be manufactured according to methods known per se.
Patent ES-8608004-A1 (ES)
Title: Stabilized polyoxyalkylene polyether polyols and polyurethane foams prepared therefrom.
IPC: C08K5/18
Filed: 1985-01-15
Abstract: Polyoxyalkylene polyether polyols are stabilized against oxidative degradation by incorporating therein a synergistic stabilizing composition containing (1) a mixture of butylated phenols consisting of 2-tertiary butyl phenol, 3,5-ditertiary butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate and 1,6-hexamethylene bis(3,5-ditertiary-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate) or tetrakis [methylene(3,5-ditertiary butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate)] methane (2) a p,p'-dialkyldiphenylamine such as p,p'-dioctyldiphenylamine and (3) a phenothiazine compound. Polyurethane foams are stabilized against scorching when the stabilized polyols are utilized in the foam preparation or the stabilizing composition is added with other reactants.
Patent ES-8600995-A1 (ES)
Title: Process for running an industrial robot, and industrial robot used in this process.
IPC: B25J15/04
Filed: 1985-01-24
Abstract: An industrial robot which carries on an arm a tool to perform certain work deposits this tool when the work has been completed and detaches it from the arm, complete with all supply lines which remain joined to the tool. The robot picks up another tool, complete with its supply lines and performs the next operation scheduled for this tool.
Patent ES-8607048-A1 (ES)
Title: Laser instrument.
IPC: A61B19/00
Filed: 1985-03-27
Abstract: A surgical tool for intercepting laser energy after it has energized a target site but before it energizes adjacent tissue. The instrument includes substrate of material having a high thermal conductivity for transmitting laser energy away from the surgical site and a highly absorbent surface material for absorbing radiant energy at the wavelength of the incident laser.
Patent ES-8603286-A1 (ES)
Title: Process and apparatus for producing gaseous products by decomposing liquids.
IPC: C01B13/02
Filed: 1985-04-16
Abstract: Continuous process for obtaining a gaseous prod. (12) by reaction of a liquid reactant, is claimed in which the reactant liquid is introduced continuously into a reactor to obtain a gaseous prod. and a liquid prod., whereby the positive difference between the entry pressure into the reactor (4) and the exit pressure from the reactor is held constant. This pressure difference is held at 0.0001-0.01 MPa. The reactor pref. contains solid catalyst particles. - The process is utilised to obtain O2 by catalytic decompsn. of hydrogen peroxide by introducing an aq. soln. of H2O2 into the reactor contg. the catalyst particles, and cooling the mixt. of O2 and steam obtd. to condense the water using a condenser.
Patent ES-8701420-A1 (ES)
Title: Method of handling radioactive waste and especially radioactive or radioactively contaminated evaporator concentrates and water-containing solids
IPC: G21F9/00
Filed: 1985-08-16
Abstract: Water-containing bibulous solids such as ion-exchange or filter matters from a nuclear electricity-generating power plant are introduced into a final storage container and heated therein under vacuum to dewater the solids and provide a high interstitial volume. The latter is substantially filled with radioactive salts by introducing flowable evaporator concentrate in one or more stages and for each stage heating the container under vacuum so as to drive off the concentrate water.
Patent ES-8604920-A1 (ES)
Title: Process for preparing 4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives.
IPC: C07D311/56
Filed: 1985-09-24
Abstract: 4-Hydroxycoumarin derivs. of formula (I) (where R1 and R2 = H, halo, 1-6C alkyl, 1-6C alkoxy; R3 = gp. (II)-(IX); X = Hal, 1-12C alkyl, 1-12C alkoxy, 3-8C cycloalkyl, CN, -SO2R5, -CF3, -OCF3, -COOR5 or COR5; n' = 0, 1 or 2; Y = F or Cl; x' = X or H; n'' = 1 or 2; D = O, -O-(CH2)m-, -(CH2)m-O-, -O-(CH2)m-O-, -(CH2)m-O-(CH2)p-, -(CH2)m-, -CH=CH- or S or an analogue. p, m = 1 to 6; A = O or S. D' = O or -CH2-) is prepd. by refluxing 2-hydroxycoumarin with 1-halo or hydroxy-1,2,3,4 -tetrahydronaphthalene derivs (X) (L = OH or halo) or with the corresp. 1,2-dihydronaphthalene in the presence of a catalyst and in a solvent consisting of formic acid or its mixt. with a 2-6C aliphatic acid of 2-6C and b.pt. 60-150 deg.C together with a halohydrocarbon of b.pt. at least 60 deg.C.
Patent ES-8704859-A1 (ES)
Title: Improvements in or relating to glass melting tanks and to refractory materials for use therein.
IPC: C03B5/027
Filed: 1985-11-28
Abstract: The glass melting tank for supplying a flat glass forming process has a melting zone for melting solid batch material and a refining zone with reduced return flow of glass. The base of the refining zone comprises a fusion cast refractory material comprising alumina, silica and between 31% and 43% by weight of zirconia. The refractory is conditioned by oxidation at at least 1450 DEG C. for 24 hours.
Patent ES-8800784-A1 (ES)
Title: Cathode ray tube device with improved color filtering system.
IPC: H01J29/18
Filed: 1985-12-04
Abstract: Halos occurring around bright light spots generated by cathode ray tube devices in which the light emitted by the tubes is filtered by filtering solutions are significantly reduced by the addition of cinnamic alcohol and/or cinnamaldehyde to the solution.
Patent ES-8704757-A1 (ES)
Title: Nickel/alumina catalyst, its preparation and use.
IPC: C11C3/12
Filed: 1986-02-24
Abstract: The invention provides a nickel/alumina catalyst, with an atomic ratio of nickel/aluminum between 10 and 2, an active nickel surface area between 70 and 150 m<2>/g nickel and an average pore size, depending on the above atomic ratio, between 4 and 20 nanometers. Preferably the nickel/aluminium atomic ratio is between 10 and 4, Preferably the catalyst has a specific porous structure. The invention also provides a method for preparing the catalyst by a two step process involving precipitating nickel ions and adding during a second, so-called ageing step a soluble aluminium compound. The catalyst is useful for hydrogenating unsaturated organic compounds in particular oils.
Patent ES-8801634-A1 (ES)
Title: Octahydrobenzo(f)quinoline derivatives.
IPC: C07D/
Filed: 1986-03-13
Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I), wherein C<1> and N<4> are in trans configuration to each other, Y is OH, R<1>COO, R<2>R<3>NCOO- or R<4>O whereby R<1> is an aliphatic hydrocarbon residue having 1-17 carbon atoms, a phenyl, 2,6-dimethylphenyl or 3- or 4-hydroxyphenyl group or a 3- or 4-alkanoyloxyphenyl group with the formula (II), wherein R<5> is an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms, or R<1> is a group (III) wherein R<6> is hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a phenyl group, R<7> is hydrogen, and alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or an acyl group and R<8> is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R<2> is hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1-5 carbon atoms, a phenethyl, benzyl or phenyl group which may be mono- or disubstituted in the aromatic part with a methyl, methoxy, hydroxy, nitro or cyano group or a halogen, R<3> is H, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms of a phenyl group or R<2> and R<3> together with the nitrogen atom form a 5, 6 or 7 membered ring that may contain 1 to 3 double bonds and/or 1 or 2 further heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, and R<4> is an allyl or benzyl group and R is hydrogen or the group (IV) wherein n is 3 or 4 and R<9> is hydrogen, an alkanoyl group having 2-6 carbon atoms or benzoyl as bases and pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof, processes for their preparation and pharmaceutical preparations and methods of treatment employing such compounds. The compounds are useful for treatment of disorders in the central nervous system.
Patent ES-8802506-A1 (ES)
Title: Fluoroalkane derivatives.
IPC: A61P7/00
Filed: 1986-05-09
Abstract: The invention describes the novel compound 4(Z)-6-([2,4,5-cis]-4-o-hydroxyphenyl-2-trifluoromethyl-1,3-dioxan-5-y l)hexenoic acid of formula I and its pharmaceutically acceptacle salts and pharmaceutical compositions, which are of value in treating certain pulmonary and/or vascular disorders. Also described are various processes for the manufacture of the novel compound and intermediates for use therein.
Patent ES-8802478-A1 (ES)
Title: Sheet stacking and transferring device
IPC: B31B50/98
Filed: 1987-05-28
Abstract: Disclosed is a rotary vacuum arm bag or sheet transferring and stacking device and a stack-handling system enabling an indexing of counted bag stacks. The transferring device grasps and retains the bags adjacent margins transverse to the direction of web advance while at least a portion of the opposed margins parallel to such directions are spaced inwardly from the arms to define a slot or gap thru which stack-retaining fingers project contributing to remove a bag from a pair of arms and retaining the bag in a stack wherein respective margins overlie each other. Also disclosed is a stack-handling system having the ability to remove a completed stack from the stacking station and yet allow, if desired, continuous bag machine operation and, as a result, uninterrupted transfer of sheets or bags to the stacking stations.
Patent IE-902152-A1 (IE)
Title: A method of identification and preparation of probes for¹pestiviruses, oligonucleotides and probes thus obtained and¹a method of detection of pestiviruses
IPC: C12Q1/686
Filed: 1990-06-14
Abstract: In the method of identification and preparation of general and/or specific probes for varieties of Pestivirus, a length of approximately 110 to 115 bases, towards the 5' end on the Pestivirus genome in the non-coding region corresponding to the region situated between bases 200 and 310 of the genome of the BVD Osloss virus, is amplified by means of converging primers in a polymerase chain reactions, the amplified length is sequenced and, by comparison with similar previously sequenced lengths of other varieties of Pestivirus, the homologous and/or specific oligonucleotidic sequences of the probes are identified.
[US5112753A]
Patent IE-902297-A1 (IE)
Title: Novel compounds
Inventor: BOLLEN ALEX
IPC: C12R1/91
Filed: 1990-06-25
Abstract: A protein from the Varicella-Zoster Virus glycoproteins consisting of anchor-less gpI, anchor-less gpII, or anchor-less gpIII.
Patent IE-913053-A1 (IE)
Title: Sterile ultrasound cover tube
Inventor: HOLSTEIN KLAUS
IPC: A61B46/10
Filed: 1991-08-29
Abstract: Sterile cover tube for the transducer and connection cable of a medical ultrasound unit, in particular for intracorporeal or intraoperative sonography. The cover tube consists of a plastic foil tube (10) whose one end (11) is closed and is at least as long as the transducer and a connection cable part. The plastic foil tube is arranged ready for use in a telescopic folding (14 to 20). The closed tube end (11) projects into the telescopic folding by a length which is smaller than the length of the remaining telescopic folding (15 to 20) overlying the closed end on the outside. The sterile covering of the ultrasound head and of the connection cable of the ultrasound unit requires only two people. The plastic foil tube is suitable for all sonographic ultrasound probes. Coupling agents can be introduced into the closed tube end without any problem. <IMAGE>
Patent IE-913769-A1 (IE)
Title: Batch test apparatus
IPC: B01L3/00
Filed: 1991-10-29
Abstract: Described herein is test apparatus, a kit and a method for conducting immunoassays. They all provide for at least two rows (32,34) of test wells (17,18,19,17',18',19'), the wells being constructed and designated so that all the wells (17',18',19') of at least a portion of a row (34) receive only materials for a negative control, and all the wells (17,18,19) of at least a portion of an adjacent row (32) receive only materials, such as the patient sample and reagents, capable of producing a substantial color change. By ensuring that no color-producing well occurs between a patient sample well (17,18,19) and its negative control well (17',18',19'), a more accurate comparison is obtained.
Patent IE-921600-A1 (IE)
Title: Phosphate-free, gel-like automatic dishwasher detergent¹composition
Inventor: ALBERT BRIGITTE
IPC: C11D17/00
Filed: 1992-07-01
Abstract: Phosphate-free gel-like dishwasher detergent compositions comprising at least one low molecular weight polyacrylate, at least one polymeric thickener, a chlorine bleach compound in an amount to provide 0.2 - 4% available chlorine and water, which is bound to at least one of the other ingredients in the composition. The composition may also contain one or more builder salts, alkali-metal silicate, alkali metal hydroxide, organic detergent, foam depressant and a long chain fatty acid.
Patent IE-922025-A1 (IE)
Title: Thioxanthone derivatives
Inventor: GREEN WILLIAM ARTHUR
IPC: G03F7/031
Filed: 1992-07-01
Abstract: Thioxanthone derivatives of the general formula I wherein R<1> wherein R<1> represents a halogen atom or a C1-10 alkoxy group, R<2> and R<4> each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a C1-C6 alkyl group, X represents oxygen or sulphur, and R<3> represents a C1-C10 alkyl group optionally substituted by a hydroxy group which hydroxy group may be alkylated by an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkenyl or a benzyl group or acylated by a C1-8 alkanoyl or C1-8 alkenoyl group, a C1-10 alkenyl group, a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C8 alkanoyl group, a C1-8 alkenoyl group, an optionally substituted phenyl group, an optionally substituted benzyl group or an optionally substituted benzoyl group. Process for the preparation of the above thioxanthones, their use as photoinitiators, photopolymerisable compositions containing them, the use of such compositions for the production of photocured surface coating and products on which these photocured compositions have been applied.
Patent AT-511518-A1 (AT)
Title: Toilette mit absauggebläse
Inventor: VOEROES ROBERT
IPC: A47K13/30
Filed: 2011-05-16
Abstract: Toilettendeckel (1) mit Toilettenbrille (2) zur Befestigung an einer Toilettenmuschel, wobei der Toilettendeckel (1) und die Toilettenbrille (2) schwenkbar miteinander verbunden sind. Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass am Toilettendeckel (1) ein Absauggebläse (3) mit einem Filter angeordnet ist, das über einen Absaugkanal (4) mit dem Innenraum der Toilettenmuschel verbunden ist. Auf diese Weise kann eine Geruchsbelastung im Toilettenraum zuverlässig vermieden werden, wobei die Bedienung der Entlüftung ohne aktive Betätigung durch einen Benutzer erfolgt, sodass Fehlbedienungen vermieden werden. Der Aufbau der Entlüftung ist überdies bei geringem Wartungsaufwand einfach, kompakt und kostengünstig.
Patent WO-8806066-A1 (WO)
Title: Powder for continuous casting
Inventor: DONATI EVA MARIA
IPC: B22D11/10
Filed: 1988-02-19
Abstract: In a process for producing granulated powder for continuous casting on the basis of refractory oxides, such as silicon dioxide, calcium oxide or a product giving off calcium oxide, of flux powders such as alkali carbonates or calcium fluoride, and of a carbonaceous medium, the powder mix is granulated into spherical, solid granules by the admixture of water, an anorganic granulating agent and if necessary an organic binder.
Patent WO-9423524-A1 (WO)
Inventor: SCHNALLINGER HELFRIED
IPC: H04M3/42
Filed: 1994-03-31
Abstract: In a telephone installation with an exchange (1) and a plurality of subscribers'extensions (3-5) which can be called via the exchange (1) and for which there are arrangements for call deviation, at least some of the subscriber's extensions (3-5) are fitted with transmitting devices (7) which, controlled by the exchange (1), give a coded signal identifying an authorised subscriber on being called. For each authorised subscriber there is a portable identification device (8) with a receiver (10) responding to this signal and a transmission device (12) to give an acknowledgment signal which can be received via a receiver (7) of the nearest subscriber's extension (3 - 5) fitted with a transmission device and prepares said subscriber's extension to accept the call.
Patent WO-9713880-A1 (WO)
Title: Verfahren zur herstellung von flüssigem roheisen oder flüssigen stahlvorprodukten und anlage zur durchführung des verfahrens
Inventor: KEPPLINGER LEOPOLD WERNER
IPC: C21B11/00
Filed: 1996-10-08
Abstract: Bei einem Verfahren zur Herstellung von flüssigem Roheisen oder flüssigen Stahlvorprodukten aus teilchenförmigem eisenoxidhältigem Material im Wirbelschichtverfahren wird das eisenoxidhältige Material mit Hilfe eines Reduktionsgases in mindestens einer Vor-Reduktionsstufe (7) vorreduziert und anschließend in einer End-Reduktionsstufe (8) zu Eisenschwamm reduziert, der Eisenschwamm in einer Einschmelzvergasungszone (11) unter Zufuhr von Kohlenstoffträgern und sauerstoffhältigem Gas erschmolzen und ein CO- und H2-hältiges Reduktionsgas erzeugt, welches in die End-Reduktionsstufe (8) eingeleitet, dort umgesetzt, abgezogen, anschließend in die Vor-Reduktionsstufe (7) eingeleitet, dort umgesetzt, abgezogen, einer Wäsche unterworfen und anschließend als Exportgas abgeleitet wird und wobei zumindest ein Teil des umgesetzten Reduktionsgases von CO2 gereinigt, erhitzt und als Recycle-Reduktionsgas zur Reduktion des eisenoxidhältigen Materials eingesetzt wird. Um eine Reduktion ohne das Auftreten von 'sticking' sicherzustellen, u.zw. bei einer Minimierung der eingesetzten Kohlenstoffträger, wird ein Teil des aus der End-Reduktionsstufe (8) in die Vor-Reduktionsstufe (7) strömenden Reduktionsgases abgezweigt, gewaschen, von CO2 gereinigt sowie erhitzt und anschließend in die End-Reduktionsstufe (8) rückgeführt.
Patent WO-0012767-A1 (WO)
Title: Verfahren zum herstellen einer metallschmelze und multifunktionslanze dazu
Inventor: FRITZ ERNST
IPC: C21C5/52
Filed: 1999-02-22
Abstract: Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Metallschmelze in einem metallurgischen Gefäß, insbesondere einer Eisen- oder Stahlschmelze, wobei metall- und/oder metalloxidhältige Einsatzstoffe in fester und gegebenenfalls schmelzflüssiger Form in das metallurgische Gefäß chargiert werden, wobei der Hauptteil der zum Schmelzen und gegebenenfalls Fertigreduzieren der Einsatzstoffe erforderlichen Energie auf elektrischem Weg und/oder durch Verbrennen und/oder Vergasen kohlenstoffhältiger Materialien aufgebracht wird. Die Erfindung betrifft weiters Multifunktionslanzen zur Verwendung im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren. Die Multifunktinslanze besteht aus mehreren einander umschließenden, zu einer zentrale Längsachse konzentrischen Rohren, wobei ein zweites Rohr als Lavaldüse zur Zufuhr von Sauerstoff ausgebildet ist und ein erstes Zentralrohr zur Zufuhr von festen Substanzen oder Staub umgibt. Ein, das vierte Rohr umgebende, fünfte Rohr bildet einen vierten Ringspalt, dessen mündungsseitige Ausströmkanäle von der zentralen Längsachse weggerichtet sind.
Patent WO-0067573-A1 (WO)
Title: Composition d'adjuvant destinee a des substances chimiques utilisees en agriculture
Inventor: KILLICK ROBERT WILLIAM
IPC: C05G3/70
Filed: 2000-05-05
Abstract: Un adjuvant destiné à être utilisé avec une substance chimique utilisée en agriculture comprend : (a) pas plus d'environ 75 % en poids d'un ou plusieurs solvants lipophiles ; (b) pas plus d'environ 50 % en poids d'un ou plusieurs éléments nutritifs de végétaux (par exemple des sels d'ammonium d'anions inorganiques) ; et (c) pas plus d'environ 50 % d'un mélange formé d'un ou plusieurs dispersants cationiques comprenant des tensioactifs qui présentent des caractéristiques cationiques dans des conditions acides.
Patent WO-0103063-A1 (WO)
Title: Procede de comptage de documents de valeurs
Inventor: NEMETH JOSHUA
IPC: G07D11/00
Filed: 2000-06-23
Abstract: La présente invention concerne un procédé permettant de compter des feuilles plastiques et des documents de valeurs tels que des billets de banque, chaque feuille ou document de valeurs (1) comprenant un substrat de type feuille (2) fabriqué dans une matière plastique, le procédé consistant à: (a) projeter un rayonnement en provenance d'une source de rayonnement sur chaque feuille ou substrat afin qu'il s'y propage; (b) détecter une émission de rayonnement en provenance de chaque feuille ou substrat, l'émission de rayonnement étant entraînée par la propagation du rayonnement reçu; et (c) compter le nombre d'émissions de rayonnement détectées à l'étape (b).