Patent GB-699072-A (GB)
Title: The production of soap from sperm or the like oils
IPC: C11D13/04
Filed: 1949-09-23
Abstract: <PICT:0699072/IV (b)/1> A continuous process consists in first substantially completely saponifying the esters in sperm oil or other oil containing free or combined monohydric fatty alcohols, by treatment of the oil with alkali, to yield a mixture consisting substantially of soap and the fatty alcohols and then treating the whole or a part of the mixture with further alkali to decompose the fatty alcohols wholly or partially and thereby yield hydrogen and more soap.  In the drawing, sperm oil from tank 4 is fed to vessel 1 where it is heated to 100-120 DEG  C.  Aqueous caustic soda at 140-150 DEG  C. is prepared in vessel 5 and is also fed to vessel 1, where partial saponification takes place.  Saponification proceeds further in heated vessel 2, which receives additional aqueous caustic soda from vessel 5 at various points along its length. Saponification is completed in vessel 3 which receives the mixture from vessel 2 at 150-160 DEG  C. and also additional aqueous caustic soda from vessel 5.  The mixture at 190-200 DEG  C. from vessel 3 is heated to 280 DEG  C. and mixed with further aqueous caustic soda (from vessel 5) which has been heated to 240-280 DEG  C. by means of heater 6. This mixture is then passed to heated vessel 7, wherein the mixture is either spread out in a thin film over heated metal surfaces or extended in a thin layer over the surface of a mass of liquid soap 8 produced in the process and retained in the vessel. Hydrogen and liquid soap are continuously withdrawn at 10 and 9 respectively.  If desired, a portion of the mixture from vessel 3 may be fed to still 11, distillation being aided by the heated hydrogen from vessel 7.  Soap is withdrawn at 14, fatty alcohols are withdrawn at 15 after passage through condensers 12 and 13 and hydrogen is withdrawn at 16.  Extraneous fatty alcohols, with or without other saponifiable substances may be added to the sperm or like oil or introduced at any stage in the process. Specifications 572,414 and 603,529, [both in Group III], are referred to.ALSO:<PICT:0699072/III/1> A continuous process consists in first substantially completely saponifying the esters in sperm oil or other oil containing free or combined monohydric fatty alcohols, by treatment of the oil with alkali, to yield a mixture consisting substantially of soap and the fatty alcohols and then treating the whole or a part of the mixture with further alkali to decompose the fatty alcohols wholly or partially and thereby yield hydrogen and more soap.  In the drawing, sperm oil from tank 4 is fed to vessel 1 where it is heated to 100-120 DEG C.  Aqueous caustic soda at 140-150 DEG C is prepared in vessel 5 and is also fed to vessel 1, where partial saponification takes place.  Saponification proceeds further in heated vessel 2, which receives additional aqueous caustic soda from vessel 5 at various points along its length.  Saponification is completed in vessel 3 which receives the mixture from vessel 2 at 150-160 DEG C and also additional aqueous caustic soda from vessel 5. The mixture at 190-200 DEG C from vessel 3 is heated to 280 DEG C and mixed with further aqueous caustic soda (from vessel 5), which has been heated to 240-280 DEG C by means of heater 6.  This mixture is then passed to heated vessel 7, wherein the mixture is either spread out in a thin film over heated metal surfaces of extended in a thin layer over the surface of a mass of liquid soap 8 produced in the process and retained in the vessel.  Hydrogen and liquid soap are continuously withdrawn at 10 and 9 respectively. If desired, a portion of the mixture from vessel 3 may be fed to still 11, distillation being aided by the heated hydrogen from vessel 7.  Soap is withdrawn at 14, fatty alcohols are withdrawn at 15 after passage through condensers 12 and 13 and hydrogen is withdrawn at 16. Extraneous fatty alcohols, with or without other saponifiable substances, may be added to the sperm or like oil or introduced at any stage in the process.  Specifications 572,414 and 603,529 are referred to.