baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20110004382-A (KR)
Inventor: SALENTINE CHRISTOPHER G
IPC: A61K9/107
Filed: 2009-03-13
Abstract: 본 발명에서는 안전하고, 자극이 없고, 건조하지 않고, 미용적으로 허용되는 운반제에서 균일한 치료 효과 농도의 비타민 K 유사체를 피부에 전달하는, 비타민 K 유사체, 예를 들면, 메나디온을 포함하는 국소 제제를 제시한다. 이들 국소 제제는 염증과 연관된 피부 질환, 특히, 항-EGFR 요법에 기인한 피부 질환의 치료와 예방에 유용하다.
Patent KR-20100131493-A (KR)
Title: A top support structure of tent frame
Inventor: LEE SUNG HEE
IPC: E04H15/34
Filed: 2008-10-24
Abstract: PURPOSE: An upper support structure for a tent frame is provided to securely support a support pole to be not folded by installing a rotatable control holder. CONSTITUTION: An upper support structure for a tent frame comprises an upper flexible pivot holder(1), a flexible body, a control holder(2), and a position limiting device. The upper flexible pivot holder is coupled to multiple support poles. The flexible body is formed between the support poles and the upper flexible pivot holder. The control holder is pivoted on the bottom of the upper flexible pivot holder and comprises locking pieces(211) and grooves(212). The position limiting device is formed on the top of the pivot holder and prevents the support poles from being rotated.
Patent KR-20110011613-A (KR)
Title: Modified copper-tin electrolyte and process for the deposition of bronze layers
Inventor: WEYHMUELLER BERND
IPC: C25D3/58
Filed: 2009-03-31
Abstract: Non-toxic pyrophosphate-containing electrolyte comprises metals (which are to be deposited) in the form of water-soluble salts, a brightener system obtained from the reaction product of epichlorohydrin with hexamethylene tetramine and additionally carbonate ions and/or hydrogen carbonate ions. An independent claim is included for an electrolytically deposition method for galvanic application of decorative bronze layers on consumer goods and technical articles comprising immersing the substrates (that are to be coated) in a electrolyte, which is the electrolyte as above per se.
Patent KR-20110011615-A (KR)
Inventor: MIYANARI SETSUKO
IPC: A61K33/26
Filed: 2009-05-13
Abstract: 본 발명은 남성 불임증에 대한 유효성이 높고, 부작용이 적은 남성 불임 치료제의 제공을 목적으로 한다. 이와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위하여, 일반식 (1) R 2 R 1 NCH 2 COCH 2 CH 2 COR 3  (1) [식 중, R 1  및 R 2 는 각각 독립적으로 수소 원자, 알킬기, 아실기, 알콕시카르보닐기, 아릴기 또는 아랄킬기를 나타내고; R 3 는 히드록시기, 알콕시기, 아실옥시기, 알콕시카르보닐옥시기, 아릴옥시기, 아랄킬옥시기 또는 아미노기를 나타낸다.]로 표시되는 δ-아미노레불린산, 그의 유도체 또는 그들의 염을 유효성분으로 하는 것을 특징으로 하는 남성 불임 치료제를 사용할 수가 있다.
Patent KR-20110006708-A (KR)
Inventor: IWAMURA MIKIO
IPC: H04W36/30
Filed: 2008-11-14
Abstract: 본 발명에 따른 셀 선택방법은, 상기 제 1 셀이 상기 대기셀로 이용되고, 상기 제 2 셀의 우선도가 상기 제 1 셀의 우선도보다 낮으며, 상기 제 2 셀의 무선품질이 기설정된 무선품질을 만족하고, 그리고, 상기 제 1 셀의 무선품질이 기설정된 무선품질을 만족하지 않는 경우에, 상기 이동국이, 상기 제 1 셀에서 상기 제 2 셀로 대기셀을 변경하는 단계를 포함한다.
Patent KR-20110025757-A (KR)
Inventor: ZHANG KUN
IPC: H03K3/356
Filed: 2009-05-15
Abstract: 고속 저전력 래치는 3 세트의 트랜지스터들을 포함한다.     제 1 세트의 트랜지스터들은 비레일-투-레일 또는 레일-투-레일 전압 스윙을 갖는 클록 신호에 기초하여 래치에 대한 트래킹 모드 또는 홀딩 모드를 선택한다.     제 2 세트의 트랜지스터들은 트래킹 모드 동안 입력 신호에 기초하여 데이터 값을 캡쳐하고 출력 신호를 제공한다.     제 3 세트의 트랜지스터들은 홀딩 모드 동안 데이터 값을 저장하고 출력 신호를 제공한다.     입력 신호 및 출력 신호는 레일-투-레일 전압 스윙을 갖는다.     다른 양태에서, 신호 생성기는 적어도 하나의 래치 및 제어 회로를 포함한다.     래치(들)는 클록 신호를 수신하고 출력 신호를 생성한다.     제어 회로는, 출력 신호로부터 파생된 피드백 신호의 듀티 사이클을 감지하고, 래치(들)의 동작을 조절하는 제어 신호를 생성하여 피드백 신호에 대한 50% 듀티 사이클을 획득한다.
Patent KR-20110025787-A (KR)
Inventor: ERDMANN BOZENA
IPC: H04W84/18
Filed: 2009-05-27
Abstract: 본 발명은 디바이스 구성(D)의 복수의 디바이스들(0, 1, 2,...,96)을 포함하는 무선 멀티-홉 네트워크(NW), 특히 지그비형 네트워크(ZigBee-type network)를 확립하는 방법을 기재하고 있고, 방법에서, 디바이스들(1, 2, 3,...,96)은 자체-조직화 프로세스에서 네트워크(NW)의 적어도 또 다른 디바이스(0, 1, 11, 16, 17, 29, 30, 39, 48, 52, 53, 55, 64, 71, 73, 79, 88)에 대한 물리적 무선 접속을 확립한다. 자체-조직화 프로세스에서, 네트워크에 결합하려는 탐색 디바이스는 네트워크 식별자 및 발신 디바이스들의 디바이스 식별자를 포함하는 네트워크 내의 후보 패어런트 디바이스들에 의해 발신된 비콘 신호들을 청취한다. 그 다음, 패어런트 선택 프로세스에서, 탐색 디바이스는 네트워크 식별자들(EPID), 후보 패어런트 디바이스들의 수용 능력들, 및 탐색 디바이스 및 후보 패어런트 디바이스들에 관련된 링크 품질 파라미터 값들에 기초하여, 주어진 선택 규칙들에 따라 상기 후보 패어런트 디바이스들 중에서 패어런트 디바이스를 선택한다. 이러한 패어런트 선택 프로세스에서, 탐색 디바이스 및/또는 후보 패어런트 디바이스들의 애플리케이션-레벨 접속 데이터(L, BI)가 적용된다. 적어도, 탐색 디바이스는 선택된 패어런트 디바이스(0, 1, 11, 16, 17, 29, 30, 39, 48, 52, 53, 55, 64, 71, 73, 79, 88)를 통해 네트워크(NW)에 물리적으로, 바람직하게는 또한 논리적으로 접속한다. 본 발명은 또한 이러한 방법에 따라 무선 멀티-홉 네트워크(NW)를 접속하기 위한 네트워크 인터페이스를 포함하는 디바이스를 기재하고 있다.
Patent KR-20120081809-A (KR)
Title: Method of depositing phosphor on semiconductor light emitting device and an apparatus for depositing phosphor on semiconductor light emitting device
Inventor: YOO CHEOL JUN
IPC: H01L33/50
Filed: 2011-01-12
Abstract: PURPOSE: A fluorescent body spreading device and a method for spreading a fluorescent body are provided to produce white light emitting diode having uniform light-emitting property by uniformly spreading the fluorescent body at the upper side and the side of a light emitting device. CONSTITUTION: A plurality of light emitting devices is formed on a wafer. The plurality of light emitting devices is rearranged on a carrier substrate according to light-emitting property. The carrier substrate in which the plurality of light emitting devices is rearranged is mounted on a top die. A bottom die is corresponded with the top die. A molding die is formed at one side of the bottom die. A fluorescent body is spread on the plurality of light emitting devices according to a compression molding progress. The plurality of light emitting devices on the carrier substrate is separated.
Patent KR-20110097624-A (KR)
Inventor: NAGANO TAKASHI
IPC: G05B19/414
Filed: 2011-01-28
Abstract: 본 발명은 공작 기계의 제어 장치 및 운전 제어 방법에 관한 것으로서, 수동 펄스 모드와 1 블록 정지 모드의 양쪽을 선택하여 NC 장치를 운전하는 경우에, NC 프로그램의 동작이 블록 종료 위치에서 자동 정지한 후에 있어서의 운전 재개를 위한 조작성을 향상시키는 것을 과제로 한다. 
본 발명에 따르면, CNC부(50)의 NC 프로그램이 블록 종료 위치에서 정지한 후, 수동 펄스 발생기(20)의 핸들(14)의 회전 정지 및 상기 회전 정지 후의 회전 개시를 PLC부(40)에 있어서 검출했을 때에, NC 프로그램의 다음 블록의 실행을 개시하도록 제어함으로써, NC 프로그램이 블록 종료 위치에서 자동적으로 정지한 후에도, 핸들(14)을 회전시키는 하나의 조작을 행하는 것만으로, NC 프로그램의 동작을 재개시킬 수 있도록 하는 것을 특징으로 한다.
Patent KR-20120090170-A (KR)
Title: Ultrasound measuring apparatus and controlling method thereof
Inventor: KIM DONG HWAN
IPC: A61B8/14
Filed: 2011-02-07
Abstract: PURPOSE: An ultrasound measuring apparatus and a controlling method thereof are provided to get an accurate image by getting a plurality of images of one object in different angles and comparing the images to remove virtual images. CONSTITUTION: A plurality of ultrasonic probes(10) includes a sensor(15). The sensor detects the position information including the angle and the distance between the ultrasonic probes. A controller(20) generates a plurality of image signals. The controller corrects the error between the image signals using the position information. The controller generates a composite video signal by composing the corrected image signals.
Patent KR-20120090216-A (KR)
Title: Air conditioning system for automotive vehicles
Inventor: LEE HAE JUN
IPC: B60H3/06
Filed: 2011-02-07
Abstract: PURPOSE: An air conditioning device for vehicles is provided to prevent foreign materials in outdoor air from flowing into an air conditioning case with a cyclone dust collector, thereby preventing the contamination of an air filter due to the inflow of the foreign materials. CONSTITUTION: An air conditioning device for vehicles has a cyclone dust collector(50) comprised of a casing(52), a rotating air current guider(56), an air guiding unit, and a connection duct(80). The casing has a dust collecting chamber(52a) and an outdoor air outlet(52c). The rotating air current guider guides outdoor air toward the inner circumference of the dust collecting chamber to form rotating air current. Foreign materials in the outdoor air flowing into the dust collecting chamber of the casing are centrifugally separated. The air guiding unit guides the rotating air current to the outdoor air outlet. The connection duct connects the outdoor air outlet and an outdoor air inlet of an air conditioning case(10) so that the outdoor air guided to the outdoor air outlet can flow into the air conditioning case.
Patent KR-20120012372-A (KR)
Title: System and method for transmitting energy in a communication system
Inventor: YUN JE HOON
IPC: H02J17/00
Filed: 2011-02-07
Abstract: PURPOSE: An energy transmission system in a communication system and a method thereof are provided to transmit multi-energy through multi-channel communication in the communication system, thereby maximizing frequency utilization efficiency. CONSTITUTION: A reflected wave separation and path determination part(100) with respect to a radio frequency(RF) signal passes a broadband RF signal to a channel selector(200) with respect to RF reception for a demodulation process. The channel selector passes a channel selected by a user. An energy regeneration part(300) regenerates energy with respect to the RF signal reflected from the channel selector. A narrow-band RF signal which passes the channel selector is processed in a data processing part(400) in order to be utilized as a communication signal. The reflected broadband RF signal is converted into DC energy required in a receiving device.
Patent KR-20120090606-A (KR)
Inventor: CHANG SEUNG IL
IPC: H01L21/302
Filed: 2011-02-08
Abstract: PURPOSE: A processing device of a silicon substrate is provided to reduce the number of components by supplying etchant and wafer using one nozzle and to reduce the deviation of jet liquid. CONSTITUTION: A support stand supports a substrate including a silicon film. A nozzle part(30) comprises a first supply tube and a plurality of nozzles. The plurality of nozzles comprises a first opening and a second opening. The size of the first opening is bigger than the size of the second opening. A storing bath is connected to the nozzle part. The storing bath provides liquid or water capable of etching a silicon oxide film to the nozzle part. A controller(70) is connected to the nozzle part. The controller provides the liquid or the water to the surface of the substrate. A second supply tube interlinks both ends of the first supply tube.
Patent KR-20120096132-A (KR)
Title: Polyurethane elastomer for nonair-type tire and manufacturing method thereof
Inventor: PARK SANG HONG
IPC: C08G18/10
Filed: 2011-02-22
Abstract: PURPOSE: A polyurethane based elastomer for non-pneumatic tire is provided to remarkably improve permanent compression strain, thereby capable of preventing permanent compression strain when using for a spoke of a non-pneumatic tire. CONSTITUTION: A polyurethane based elastomer is casted by crosslinking polyurethane prepolymer comprising polycaprolactone polyol, polycarbonate polyol, or a mixture thereof in a mold. A manufacturing method of the polyurethane based elastomer for non-pneumatic tire comprises: a step of manufacturing the polyurethane prepolymer by reacting polyol comprising polycaprolactone polyol, polycarbonate polyol, or a mixture thereof with polyisocyanate; and a step of casting the polyurethane prepolymer, while crosslinking.
Patent KR-20120096338-A (KR)
Inventor: SHIN MYUNG JUN
IPC: H01L31/0236
Filed: 2011-02-22
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing a solar battery is provided to include organic solvent and phosphate in etching solution etching a silicon semiconductor, thereby improving the stability of a texturing process. CONSTITUTION: A concavo-convex is formed in a front surface of a substrate(110). An emitter layer(120) is formed in the side where the concavo-convex is formed. A reflection preventing layer(130) is formed in the emitter layer. A front electrode(140) being connected to the emitter layer by penetrating the reflection preventing layer is formed. A rear electric field layer(160) is formed in a rear surface of the substrate.
Patent KR-20120099837-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus and method for supporting scalable video coding in digital video broadcasting system
Inventor: YUN SUNG RYUL
IPC: H04N7/24
Filed: 2011-03-02
Abstract: PURPOSE: An apparatus and a method for supporting scalable video coding in a digital video broadcasting system are provided to apply SVC to a physical layer zone for supporting various users. CONSTITUTION: Physical layer zone information including an SVC(Scalable Video Coding) component value is obtained by physical layer zone(403). The terminal receives a base layer stream and one or more enhanced layer stream(405). The terminal extracts one or more subset bit stream. The terminal decodes the extracted subset bit stream in SVC(407). [Reference numerals] (401) Obtaining synchronization by using P1; (403) Obtaining physical layer zone information including an SVC component value by physical layer zone by PLP by using P2; (405) Receiving a basic layer stream mapped to a plurality of physical zones and one or more improvement layer streams based on an SVC component value by physical layer zone by PLP; (407) Extracting one or more sub set bit streams and decoding the SVC in order to satisfy data transfer ratio; (409) Outputting a video; (AA) Start; (BB) End
Patent KR-20110034626-A (KR)
Title: Smart mobile phone and tablet personal computer interview survey research
Inventor: SEO YEONG JU
IPC: H04W4/00
Filed: 2011-03-09
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for conducting a survey using a smart mobile phone and a tablet PC is provided to efficiently and rapidly perform entire processes of survey using a computer network system. CONSTITUTION: A website for conducting a survey and a network-based dedicated program are constructed. An application for a smart phone is developed. The survey script is stored to a data server. An investigator confirms the identity of an interviewee through a specialized real-name authentication institute using a table PC or a smart phone. The investigator interlinks the tablet PC or the smart phone. The investigator requests a response or a record about questions.
Patent KR-20120105906-A (KR)
Inventor: SIM TEA HYONG
IPC: E04F11/18
Filed: 2011-03-17
Abstract: PURPOSE: A safety handrail for easily securing a visual field during watching performances by adjusting height is provided to adjust the height of a horizontal bar up and down at the same time. CONSTITUTION: A safety handrail for easily securing a visual field during watching performances by adjusting height comprises a horizontal bar(301), a plurality of vertical bars(302), and a horizontal bar operating unit(320). The horizontal bar is installed in parallel separately from the floor. The plurality of vertical bars connects the horizontal bar and the ground. The horizontal bar operating unit adjusts the height of the horizontal bar by adjusting the connection angle of the vertical bars and moving the horizontal bar. [Reference numerals] (AA) Floor
Patent KR-20120113318-A (KR)
Title: Robot for caring a plant pot
Inventor: HONG SEONG YONG
IPC: A01G27/00
Filed: 2011-04-05
Abstract: PURPOSE: A flowerpot managing robot is provided to periodically the proper amount of water plants on a flowerpot in the proper time, and to prevent the overflowing of water from the flowerpot. CONSTITUTION: A flowerpot managing robot comprises the following: a body unit(11) including a space unit for storing water; a transfer unit located on the bottom of the body unit for moving the body unit; a water supplying unit(15) connected to the space unit for discharging the water to the outside; a controller controlling the amount and the time for supplying the water into the water supplying unit; and a revolving unit(17) including a motor, connected to the water supplying unit and the body unit. The water supplying unit includes a discharging unit(18) discharging the water to a flowerpot. A water insertion unit(13) for fitting the water supplying unit is installed on the upper side of the body unit.
Patent KR-20120113350-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE HYUN SEUNG
IPC: A41D13/00
Filed: 2011-04-05
Abstract: PURPOSE: A clothing system having an operation input type direction indicating function is provided to assist the safe drive of a bicycle rider and a two-wheeled vehicle driver by enhancing the visibility. CONSTITUTION: A clothing system having an operation input type direction indicating function includes a switch of a metal snap button, a distance difference detecting operation input system, an operation command processing program system, a light source device mesh cover unit, a controller, an out-pocket unit including a power supply unit, and Velcro lines installed on upper and lower clothes. The switch of the metal snap button has direction indicating and clearance lamp recognition functions. The distance difference detecting operation input system has a direct and simple input interface. The operation command processing program system prevents the malfunction of the clothing system. The light source device mesh cover unit protects all the units, and controls the amount of light. [Reference numerals] (AA) Wearing figure; (BB) Two-wheeled vehicle riding figure; (CC) Turn signal operating figure; (DD) Front surface; (EE) Side surface; (FF) Rear surface
Patent KR-20120114574-A (KR)
Title: Sreetlamp generated by wind power and solar light power unified lamp
Inventor: KIM SUNG HO
IPC: F21S9/02
Filed: 2011-04-07
Abstract: PURPOSE: A lamp integrated streetlight using solar and wind power generation is provided to effectively generate wind power by improving a blade structure of a wind power generation device. CONSTITUTION: A main body is formed on the upper end of a streetlight pillar(10). The main body includes components of a photovoltaic device(13). A photovoltaic module is formed on the upper side of the main body. An LED lamp module is formed on the lower part of the main body. A main blade has an arc surface. A sub blade is extended from both ends of the main blade.
Patent KR-20120116245-A (KR)
Title: Method for lysing cells or viruses
Inventor: HWANG KYU YOUN
IPC: C12N1/06
Filed: 2011-04-12
Abstract: PURPOSE: A pulverizing method for cells or viruses is provided to efficiently pulverize cells or viruses using bead-collision. CONSTITUTION: A pulverizing method for cells or viruses in cells comprises the following steps: introducing a sample in which cells or viruses are included to a first chamber in which beads are included; and pulverizing the cells or viruses by agitating the mixture including the beads and the samples. The liquid volume fraction among the first chamber is 0.6 or less. The liquid volume fraction is a value in which the liquid volume divides the total sum of the liquid volume and the air gap volume. The entrance or the exit of the first chamber is formed for beads not to be passed. One or more of the walls of the first chamber and the bead surface combine with materials which combine with the cells or viruses. The combining material is a material which specifically or non-specifically combines with the cells or viruses.
Patent KR-20120119677-A (KR)
Title: Wafer processing apparatus having improved wafer mapping function and method for mapping wafer
Inventor: JANG DAE HYUN
IPC: H01L21/67
Filed: 2011-04-22
Abstract: PURPOSE: A wafer processing apparatus having a wafer mapping function and a wafer mapping method are provided to accurately map abnormality of a wafer and to increase the reliability of a wafer mapping process. CONSTITUTION: A FOUP(Front Opening Unified Pod)(50) is loaded in a stage(120). A door(130) is connected with an open unit(114). A mapping sensor ascends and descends with the door. The mapping sensor irradiates the light to the outer circumference of the wafer. The mapping sensor receives light reflected from the wafer.
Patent KR-20120121156-A (KR)
Title: I/o scheduling device and therefor method for use in storage device
IPC: G06F13/14
Filed: 2011-04-26
Abstract: PURPOSE: An I/O scheduling device for a storage device and an I/O scheduling method thereof are provided to improve the performance of the storage device supporting a multi-host by smoothly supplying proper I/O scheduling for the storage device. CONSTITUTION: Trans-descriptor operators(35-1~35-n) maintain a trans-descriptor and transmit the same to a hardware module. A transmitting scheduler(30) schedules the transmission of the trans-descriptor by communicating with the trans-descriptor operators. A receiving scheduler(40) schedules the reception of the trans-descriptor by communicating with the trans-descriptor operators. [Reference numerals] (30) Tx scheduler; (40) Rx scheduler
Patent KR-20110120253-A (KR)
Title: Apparatuses and methods for handling timers for routing area(ra) update procedures or attachment procedures without integrity protection
Inventor: TIWARI KUNDAN
IPC: H04B7/26
Filed: 2011-04-28
Abstract: PURPOSE: A device and a method for handling timers for updating a routing area procedure or attaching procedure without an integrity protection are provided to have a wireless module and a controller module. CONSTITUTION: A wireless module(111) performs wireless transceiving with a service network. A controller module(112) transmits an attachment request message without an integrity production to a service network through the wireless module. The controller module receives the attachment request message from the service network through a wireless module without integrity protection. The controller module directly applies the first value of a periodically RA update timer which is included in the attachment response message.
Patent KR-20120124155-A (KR)
Title: Headbox structure for attaching azimuth thruster
IPC: B63H5/125
Filed: 2011-05-03
Abstract: PURPOSE: A head box structure for attaching an azimuth thruster is provided to improve speed performance and position control ability by minimizing interference with an azimuth thruster and the resistance of the head box against fluid. CONSTITUTION: A head box structure for attaching an azimuth thruster comprises a ship body(7), a top surface(11), and a bottom surface(12). The top surface is attached to the ship body. An azimuth thruster is attached at the bottom surface. The bottom surface has a plane structure. The rear of the head box is inclined upward to a stern direction.
Patent KR-20120126306-A (KR)
Title: Resin applying apparatus
IPC: B05C5/02
Filed: 2011-05-11
Abstract: PURPOSE: A resin coating apparatus is provided to reduce times needed for coating and curing resin by simultaneously implementing a resin coating operation and a resin curing operation. CONSTITUTION: A resin coating apparatus includes a nozzle(32), a light emitting unit(33), and a coating head(30). The nozzle includes a discharging hole through which a resin is discharged on a substrate. The light emitting unit emits light to cure the resin. The coating head includes a moving unit which moves the light emitting unit such that light from the light emitting unit is positioned along the coating trace of the resin from the nozzle. The moving unit includes a rotating unit which rotates the light emitting unit about a reference axis.
Patent KR-20120126855-A (KR)
Title: A factional natural antibiotic composition of bee venom and vitexin
IPC: A61K35/64
Filed: 2011-05-13
Abstract: PURPOSE: An antibiotic composition containing purified bee venom and vitexin for natural animals is provided to ensure anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidative functions. CONSTITUTION: A natural antibioitic composition for animals contains purified bee venom and vitexin as an active ingredient, mixed in a weight ratio of 10:1-1:1. Antibiotics are formulated in an injection formulation, powder, or ointment. Vitexin is an apigenin flavone glucoside chemical. Vitexin is contained in Acerpalmatum Thunb, Lythrum anceps, and Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. and has an antibacterial function against Staphylococcus, Salmonella typhi, and E.coli. The purified bee venom is prepared by dissolving bee venom with water, low alcohol of 1-4 carbon atoms, or mixture thereof, and removing impurities. [Reference numerals] (AA) Effect of the bee venom-vitexin composition of the present invention for removing the DPPH radical; (BB) DPPH radical removal efficiency(%); (CC) Mixing ratio of components