baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1112472-A (GB)
Title: A process for the production of carboxylic acid esters from nitriles,accompanied by the recovery of ammonia
IPC: C07C69/76
Filed: 1966-08-10
Abstract: Ammonia is recovered as a by-product in the preparation of carboxylic acid esters by heating nitriles in the presence of water and alcohol to between 90 DEG  and 300 DEG  C. in a salt melt of an acid sulphate and/or acid phosphate of an alkali metal and/or of ammonium, and optionally a neutral sulphate and/or phosphate of an alkali metal (see Division C2).  The ammonia may be desorbed from the salt melt at between 350 DEG  and 450 DEG  C. and re-used for the preparation of nitriles either directly or by way of hydrogen cyanide.ALSO:Carboxylic acid esters are prepared by heating a nitrile in the presence of water and an alcohol to from 90 DEG  to 300 DEG C. in a salt melt comprising an acid sulphate and/or acid phosphate of an alkali metal and/or of ammonium, and optionally a neutral sulphate and/or phosphate of an alkali metal.  The carboxylic acid ester is separated, optionally with the unreacted nitrile and/or alcohol, and the ammonia is then removed from the salt melt by further heating to between 300 DEG  and 500 DEG  C. The melt may be re-used after removal of the ammonia and the process may be a continuous cycle. Melts of sodium and potassium bisulphates in a molar ratio of between 3:1 and 3:5, and of ammonium and potassium bisulphates are preferred.  Gas-liquid countercurrent columns are suitable for gaseous reactants, and water may be introduced. Examples describe the treatment of adipic acid dinitrile to form adipic acid diethyl and monoethyl esters; cyanoacetic acid to form malonic acid di-n-butyl and diethyl esters; acetonitrile to form n-butyl acetate; acrylonitrile to form n-butyl acrylate; and glycolic acid nitrile to form glycolic acid n-butyl ester and n-butoxy-acetic acid n-butyl ester and the separation of ammonia.
Patent GB-1012411-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to digital computing equipment
Inventor: CRAXTON ROBERT TREVOR
IPC: G06F7/38
Filed: 1963-09-11
Abstract: 1,012,411. Digital subtracting apparatus. ASSOCIATION ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES Ltd. Sept. 11, 1964 [Sept. 11, 1963], No. 35861/63. Heading G4A. A digital subtractor comprises a transformer with (as shown) a number of secondary windings DW1-DW4 each producing a voltage output proportional to the weight of the associated bit A, B1-B4, so that when a pair of corresponding bits of the two numbers differ the winding is inserted into the series connection in the appropriate phase to produce a total voltage output proportional to the difference. The detector includes a phase detector to produce the sign, as well as the amplitude, of the difference. Fig. 2 (not shown) illustrates a modification in which the windings DW1-DW4, similarly series-connected and switched, form the primary winding of the transformer and are energized from a constant-current source, the difference then appearing at a fixed secondary.
Patent GB-1079802-A (GB)
Title: A magnetic-tape device for recording and playing back television signals
IPC: H04N5/915
Filed: 1964-09-02
Abstract: 1,079,802. Recording and playback of television signals. TELEFUNKEN PATENTVERWERTUNGS G.m.b.H. Sept. 2, 1964 [Sept. 18, 1963], No. 35909/64. Heading G5R. The length of tape required for recording television signals is reduced by recording every nth field or frame and, on playback, repeating every field or frame n times. Recording.-The tape 1, Fig. 1, passes over at least 300 degrees of a contra-rotating drum 3 provided with a recording head 4 which moves at twice the linear speed of the tape. Recording of a picture starts with the head in the position shown and is completed when the head has rotated 120 degrees to the position shown in dotted lines. The head is muted for the next two pictures, by which time it will have returned to the initial position and the tape will have moved so that the head is at the end of the previously recorded portion. Thus one picture in three is recorded and the picture information is recorded in succession without any gaps on the tape. Head switching is effected in response to the picture synchronizing pulses and to a switch comprising a fixed contact plate 7 and a moving contact 6 mounted on the drum, Figs. 2 and 3 (not shown). The picture and sound may be recorded on separate tracks on half the width of a tape, the other half of the tape being used subsequently when the tape is turned over. Playback.-The picture signals are picked up by head 16, Fig. 4, whilst moving from position 27 to position 28; the head 15 then picks up the same picture whilst moving from position 29 to position 31, and the picture is picked up a third time by head 16 in moving from position 32 back to its initial position 27. As in recording the tape moves at half the speed of the heads and the head switching is controlled by the synchronizing signals and by the switches formed by a fixed contact 19 and contacts 17 and 18 which rotate with the heads, Figs. 5 and 6 (not shown). Recording playback apparatus.-The tape is driven by a drum 44, Fig. 8, which is driven at half the speed and in the opposite direction to the head drum 40 which is provided with two heads so that it may be used for either recording or for playback, one of the heads being inoperative whilst recording. The drums are driven by respective synchronous motors 45 and 46, and the head drum may be provided with an extension 49 carrying connections 50 for the heads and also carrying the contacts 17 and 18 of Fig. 4. An erase head may be provided in the tape path between the supply spool 34 and the drum 40, and a sound record/ playback head may be provided between the drum 40 and the take-up spool 37, Fig. 7 (not shown).
Patent GB-1364258-A (GB)
Title: Chloroether
IPC: C07C43/12
Filed: 1971-07-30
Abstract: 1364258 Chloroether DYNAMIT NOBEL AG 30 July 1971 [1 Aug 1970] 36091/71 Heading C2C 2,2 - Dichloroethyl - methyl - ether is prepared by (a) reaction of 2,2-dichloroethanol with methanol in the presence of sulphuric acid or, (b) reaction of vinyl chloride with a stoiehiometric amount of chlorine in the presence of an excess of methanol. Chloroacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal is obtained as a co-product in process (b) above. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane is obtained as a coproduct in process (b) above. It may be converted to vinylidene chloride by treatment with sodium hydroxide.
Patent GB-758206-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to by-pass turbo-jet engines
Inventor: RAINBOW HORACE SINCLAIR
IPC: F02C7/32
Filed: 1953-12-30
Abstract: 758,206. Gas turbine and jet propulsion plant. ARMSTRONG SIDDELEY MOTORS, Ltd. Nov. 16, 1954 [Dec. 30, 1953], No. 36142/53. Class 110(3) In a turbo-jet engine wherein part of the air delivery by a ducted fan passes to an annular by-pass 24 surrounding the engine and the remainder is compressed further, the engine accessories are grouped on a gear box 41 detachably mounted on aerofoilsection spokes 43, 44 extending through the adjacent portion of the by-pass, and are driven from an appropriate part of the engine by means of a radially extending drive shaft 34, 53 passing through one of the spokes. The gear box is of part-annular shape and is secured by bolts 50 to lugs on the spokes 43. The spokes are attached by flanges to the outer wall 46 of the annular duct 25 connecting the low and high pressure compressors 31, 32. The inner and outer walls of this duct are interconnected by hollow aerofoil-section spokes 26 and the duct forms part of a drive casing housing bearings 29, 30 for the shafts of the compressors and the bevel drive 36 from the compressor 32 to the gear box.
Patent GB-1279434-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to sliding clasp fastener stringers
IPC: A44B19/54
Filed: 1969-07-17
Abstract: 1279434 Sliding clasp fasteners SCOVILL MFG CO 17 July 1969 [19 July 1968] 36173/69 Heading E2S [Also in Division D1] An integrally woven sliding clasp fastener comprises a flat woven stringer tape 17, Fig. 2, having warp threads 22 parallel to the length of the fastener. Fastener element strips (11) (12) Fig. 1 (not shown) extend along the inner edge of stringer tapes (9), (10) and have head portions 19, projecting outwardly from the stringer tapes, and "connecting portions" 21 (and/or) 20 Fig. 2 adjacent the edges of the stringer tape. The fastener has a track structure for the slider 13, with upper and lower parts 34, 35, formed from warp threads 1-8. These warp threads are woven into the stringer tape by a first weft 24, Fig. 9, passing from the stringer tape upwardly through the upper group of warp threads 1, 2, 3, 4 around the "connecting portion" 21 and then between the stringer warp threads 22, 23, and by a second separate weft 25 passing from the stringer tape downwardly through the lower group of warp threads 5, 6, 7, 8, around the "connecting portions" 21 and between the stringer tape warp threads 22, 23. A method of making a sliding clasp fastener of the type described in which the fastener element strips (11), (12), are fastened to stringer tapes (9), (10) by forming successive sheds of warp threads, 41, 42, 43, (Fig. 9) for the stringer tape feeding the fastener element strip along side said sheds, inserting two separate weft threads 24, 25, simultaneously through each shed as formed, by means of upper and lower vertically spaced weft laying needles 26, 27, acting together. Both weft threads 24, 25 are passed around the fastener strip when needles 26 and 27 are withdrawn from a shed. The upper and lower groups of warps 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, along the inner edge of the stringer tape are separately shedded at 41 and 43, so that at each alternate weft insertion the upper needle 26, enters through the upper group of warps 1, 2, 3, 4, while the lower needle passes directly into shed 42 of web warp threads. At the other alternate weft insertion, the lower needle 27 enters through the lower group of warp threads 5, 6, 7, 8 while the upper needle 26 passes directly into shed 42 of stringer tape warps.
Patent GB-508557-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to presses for the extrusion of metal
IPC: B21C35/04
Filed: 1937-12-31
Abstract: 508,557. Extrusion presses. RUSSELL, G. A. V., and IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, Ltd. Dec. 31, 1937, No. 36292. [Class 83 (iv)] A press for the extrusion of metal com. prises a hydraulically operated main ram 2, a billet container 5 adapted to be moved into and out of axial alignment with the main ram and an auxiliary ram capable, when the container is out of alignment with the main ram, of charging the billet into the container and of removing the shell or discard therefrom. The billet container 5 is carried on a runway 6 and may be moved by a hydraulically operated piston 8 into either of two limiting positions, one in which the passage of the container is in alignment with the punch 2a of the main ram 2 and the other in which the passage is in alignment with the auxiliary ram 7. When the ram 7 is to be used for pushing a billet into the container 5 it is operated from rams 20a, 21a which carry racks 20, 21 engaging a pinion 19 on the spindle of a pinion 17 engaging a rack 16 connected to the ram 7. When the ram 7 is dislodging the shell or. discard from the container, the drive of the ram is supplemented by hydraulic fluid supplied to a cylinder 15 and acting directly on the ram 7. Billets are supplied from a furnace to a tilting turntable 23 and thence to a cradle 25 having a groove in alignment with the ram 7. Specification 508,556; [Group XXIX], is referred to.
Patent GB-1206584-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to flooring materials and methods for the manufacture thereof
Inventor: MOSS DENNIS ARTHUR
IPC: D06N3/06
Filed: 1966-08-12
Abstract: 1,206,584. Laminated floor material. MARLEY TILE CO. Ltd. 13 Oct., 1967 [12 Aug., 1966], No. 36300/66. Heading B5N. [Also in Division B2] Flooring material is produced by applying vinyl resin compositions to both sides of a fibrous substrate, the vinyl resin on one side taking the form of a calendered layer and the thickness of vinyl resin being greater on the underside of the substrate than on the topside. The calendered layer may be preformed and secured to the substrate by an adhesive such as a synthetic rubber solution or by pre-heating the substrate, or the substrate and calendered layer may be laminated together while the layer is still in contact with the final calendering rollers. The resin on the other side of the substrate may be applied in a paste form and then gelled. Preferably, the calendered layer is applied to the underside of the substrate. A wear layer, which may be transparent, may be applied on top of the top layer either in a paste form or as a calendered layer, and this may be embossed and have the embossed areas filled with a plastisol of similar composition but of different colour. The substrate may be non- woven glass or viscose fabric or rubberimpregnated paper or woven fabric. The vinyl resins may comprise a vinyl chloride homopolymer or copolymer and to them may be added phthalate or phosphate plasticizers, stabilizers such as barium cadmium soap, viscosity depressants such as hexylene glycol fillers such as calcium carbonate, and pigments.
Patent GB-1006919-A (GB)
Title: Polymerization catalyst compositions and process for using these for polymerizing alpha-olefinic hydrocarbons
IPC: C08F110/00
Filed: 1963-09-16
Abstract: A polymerization catalyst for alpha-olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbons comprises (1) an aluminium hydrocarbon dihalide of the formula RAIX2 where R is a C1 to C12 hydrocarbon radical and X is a halogen atom, (2) a halide, alkoxyhalide or acetylacetonate of Ti, Zr, V, Cr, or Mo, and (3) a compound selected from (a) triarylphosphine sulphides or selenides of the formula (R1)3 or (R1)3P=Se where R1 is an aryl group which may contain 1 to 3 alkyl groups each having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, (b) carbonates of the formula (R1O)2C=O, wherein R1 is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and free of olefinic unsaturation, (c) urea and substituted ureas of the formula (R1R11N)2C=X wherein R1 is a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R11 is a hydrogen atom or R1 and X is an oxygen or a sulphur atom, (d) compounds of the formula R1R11R111P=O or RIVRVRVIP=O wherein each R1, R11, or R111 is a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms and free of olefinic unsaturation, and at least one of the latter groups being an aryloxy group, or (e) a metal acetylacetylacetonate of the formula M[CH3C(O)CH2C(O)CH2]m or chlorine substitution products thereof, wherein m equals the valency of the metal M which is a transition metal.  When component (3) is selected from Group ((e), component (2) is a halide or an alkoxyhalide. Monomers which may be polymerized by the catalyst systems are ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 3-methyl-1-butene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 4-methyl-1-hexene, styrene, allylbenzene, 4-phenyl-1-butene, 1-allyl-naphthalene, 2-allyltoluene, vinyl cyclohexane, or vinyl cyclohexene, and also mixtures of ethylene and propylene.  The polymerization, and recovery of the polymers are effected by conventional "low-pressure" methods.  The Specification contains lists of suitable catalyst components. Exemplified catalysts are (1) gamma TiCl3, AlEtCl2, and triphenylphosphine sulphide, (2) gamma TiCl3, AlEtCl2, triphenylphosphine selenide, (3) TiCl3, Al phenyl Cl2, triphenylphosphin sulphide, (4) TiCl3, Al phenyl Cl2, triphenylphosphine selenide, (5) as 1-4 but in which TiCl3 is replaced by VCl3, or ZrCl3, or MoCl3, or CrCl3, (6) as (1) but TiCl3 replaced b TiCl2OEt, (7) TiCl3, AlEtCl2, and diethyl carbonate, (8) TiCl3, AlEtCl2 and di-n-propyl carbonate, or diphenyl or ethylphenyl carbonate, (9) TiCl3, AlEtCl2 and urea, (10) TiCl3, AlEtCl2, and tris-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphine oxide, (11) TiCl3, AlEtCl2 and tricesyl phosphate, (12) VCl3, ZrCl3, MoCl3 or CrCl3, AlEtCl2, and tricresyl phosphate, (13) TiCl3, AlEtCl2 and manganese acetylacetonate, (14) TiCl3, AlEtCl2, and chromium-titanium-, or iron-acetylacetonate. The polymers may be fractionated by solvent extraction techniques.
Patent GB-951268-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in methods of wrapping cartons and packages
Inventor: COATES JOHN WILLIAM
IPC: B65B11/12
Filed: 1961-10-10
Abstract: 951,268. Packages. FORGROVE MACHINERY CO. Ltd. Oct. 23, 1962 [Oct. 10, 1961], No. 36378/61. Heading B8C. After a wrapper 13, Fig. 6, of heat-sealable material has been folded around a carton 12 and end tucks 17 have been formed in the protruding portions of the wrapper at both ends of the carton, the end folds 18 are folded away from the carton, Fig. 9, at both ends thereof, heatsealable end labels 24 are applied to the ends of the partially wrapped carton and finally the end folds are folded against the sides of the carton, Fig. 10, and sealed. Alternatively the end folds and labels are folded against the ends of the carton, Fig. 11.
Patent GB-1390304-A (GB)
Title: 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9h-pyrido-3,4b indole derivatives and their use as intermediates in the synthesis of eburnamonine
IPC: C07D471/14
Filed: 1973-07-31
Abstract: 1390304 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydo-9 H-pyrido-indole derivatives ROUSSEL UCLAF 31 July 1973 [31 July 1972] 36392/73 Heading C2C Novel 1,2,3,4 - tetrahydro - 9H - pyridoindole derivatives having the general formula wherein R is (C 1- C 4 ) alkyl, are prepared by oxidizing a compound of the formula by means of, for example, a chromic anhydridepyridine complex, to give a 2-alkyloxy-3-oxotetrahydropyran of the formula which is reacted under basic conditions with a phosphorus compound capable of substituting a =CH-COOR carbalkoxy-methylene grouping for the keto grouping to obtain a tetrahydropyran of the formula which is hydrolysed in an acid medium to give a product of the formula which is condensed with tryptamine to obtain an indole derivative of the formula which is cyclized in an acid medium. A compound of the formula may be prepared by cyclizing a compound of the invention, e.g. by using thionyl chloride. The compound of the above formula may be converted into eburnamorine, e.g. by treatment with an ethylmagnesium halide in the presence of copper chloride.
Patent GB-873441-A (GB)
Title: Remote-controlled manipulating apparatus for manipulating objects inside sealed chambers
IPC: B25J5/04
Filed: 1958-11-12
Abstract: 873,441. Handling radioactive materials. COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE. Nov. 12, 1958 [Nov. 16, 1957], No. 36430/58. Class 39(4). A manipulator comprising tongs 19 having jaws 46 may be moved within a sealed chamber 1 along horizontal direction X, X<SP>1</SP>, Y, Y<SP>1</SP>, and vertical direction Z, Z<SP>1</SP>, may be rotated about its vertical axis, and the jaws may be opened and closed, by movement of magnets situated on the outer surface of the chamber walls, which are non-magnetic, eacn magnet producing corresponding movement of an associated magnet situated on the in ner surface of the walls. As shown, the chamber 1 is shielded by walls 2 and a root 3 movable along the walls in the direction X, X<SP>1</SP> by wheels 47 running on rails 4. A handle 5 slidable within a tube 8 carried by the roof 3 has a rotary driving connection with the tube and is coupled by a rotary joint to a rod 7. Vertical movement of the handle 5 in the direction Z, Z<SP>1</SP> causes a cable 6 attached to the rod 7 to rotate a pulley 9 on a shaft 11 and drive a pulley 10 whereby a chain 13 rotates a pulley 12A to drive a magnet 14A, the magnet 14A being carried by a shaft 15A supported by an arm 17 on the roof 3. The driven magnet 14B rotates a pulley 12B on a shaft 15B and controls the vertical height of the tongs 19 by a cable within a flexible tube 18. Rotation of the handle 5 about its vertical axis causes the tube 8 to drive bevel pinions 21, 22 and shafts 23, 26A mounted on the roof 3, rotation of the magnet 24A causing rotation of a shaft 26B by the magnet 24B, a lug 32 extending through a longitudinal slot 33 in the tongs 19 causing rotation of the latter. The tongs are closed by a lever 34 controlling a cable in a flexible tube 36, this cable extending over a pulley 37 to drive a pulley 40A and rotate a magnet 38A. The driven magnet 38B drives a pulley 40B to actuate a cable in a flexible tube 43, the cable being connected to the jaws 46 through a lever 44 and linkage 45. The magnets 14B, 24B, 38B are mounted on a beam 48 displaceable in the direction X, X<SP>1</SP> within the chamber 1 by wheels 48A running on tracks 48B; additionally, the magnet 24B may travel along the beam in the direction Y, Y<SP>1</SP> by wheels 51. Further, the shafts 11, 23 may be moved within the roof 3 in the direction Y, Y<SP>1</SP>. Thus by moving the handle 5 in the direction X, X<SP>1</SP> or Y, Y<SP>1</SP> a corresponding movement is imparted to the tongs through the interaction of the magnets.
Patent GB-1425207-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for measuring the dust emission of dust-conveying ducts more particularly chimneys
IPC: G01N15/06
Filed: 1973-07-31
Abstract: 1425207 Fluid-pressure servomotor systems FRIESEKE HOEPFNER GmbH 31 July 1973 [1 Aug 1972] 36434/73 Heading G3P [Also in Division G1] To measure the emission of dust or other particulate material from a duct 1, e.g. a chimney, in terms of the dust weight emitted per unit time, a probe 21 is located in the duct 1 and communicates with a suction duct'2 connected to atmosphere via a restrictor 4, control device 5, pump 6 and filter 3, the suction duct 2 communicating downstream of the probe 21 with the input 9 of a dust measuring apparatus 10 whose output 11 communicates with an exhaust duct 12 in which are located a pump 22 and a restrictor 13, a regulator 14, 15 being connected to the suction and exhaust ducts 2, 12 to be controlled in response to pressure differentials across the restrictors, 4,13 the restrictor 4 being of variable cross-section and being controlled in response to the dynamic pressure and thus the flow-rate in the duct 1 as sensed by pitotstatic probes 24, 25 coupled to a spring-loaded diaphragm. When the flow-rate in the duct 1 is zero, air is pumped through the duct 2, measuring apparatus 10 and exhaust duct 12, and there is no flow through probe 21. When there is flow in the duct 1 however, the diaphragm moves to adjust restrictor 4 and thus control device 5 such that a proportion of the flow pumped through apparatus 10 is drawn through the probe 21, this proportion being controlled in accordance with the flow-rate sensed by the pitot-static probes 24, 25. Regulator 14, 15 overcomes the effects of increased resistance of the dust measuring apparatus 10 due to its filter becoming clogged with dust. Alternatively the restrictor 4 may be fixed and the restrictor 13 variable in cross-section, and the control device 5 located in the exhaust duct 12.
Patent GB-522743-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to rotary pump installations
IPC: F04D29/42
Filed: 1938-12-14
Abstract: 522,743. Centrifugal and other rotary pumps. SOUTHERN, J., and WORTHING- TON-SIMPSON, Ltd. Dec. 14, 1938, No. 36490. [Class 110 (i)] The casings of a centrifugal pump and an internal-combustion engine are united by a structure formed of two conical portions 4, 5 and ribs 24, 25. The pump shaft 11 is splined to a disc 15 carried by the engine fly-wheel 16, is supported by a ball thrust bearing 19, passes through a gland 12 and carries an overhung impeller 10. The assembly is supported by two feet on the pump casing and two feet on the engine casing. These feet are substantially in the horizontal axial plane and rest upon rubber supports. The ball bearing is enclosed by walls 20, 21 which may provide an oil well. The pump casing is divided vertically and studs 9 serve to secure together the two parts of the pump casing and the structure 4, 5. The inlet 22 and outlet 23 are on the outer side of the pump. The pump may be a water-ring or other type of rotary pump and any type of prime mover may be used.