Patent GB-734650-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electrical communication systems
IPC: H04Q3/52
Filed: 1953-08-14
Abstract: 734,650. Exchange systems. WESTERN ELECTRIC CO., Inc. Aug. 14, 1953 [Aug. 16, 1952], No. 22457/5.3. Class 40 (4). A satellite switching centre serving a number of subscribers is connected to an exchange by a smaller number of two-wire junctions; the switching centre comprises cross-points between subscribers' lines and junctions, the cross-points being operated to establish speech paths on the application of cross-point marking potentials over selected wires of the two-wire junctions from the exchange. Potentials for testing the condition of individual subscribers' lines are also transmitted over the two-wire junctions. As shown, Fig. 3, forty-five subscribers' lines 12 have access to exchange equipment 11 over ten two-wire junctions 14. The satellite switching centre comprises a switching network 13, in which each subscribers' line 12 is connected to one wire of each junction 14 through a gas-tube 30, and air array 16 of rectifiers 34 by which each particular subscribers' line 12 is connected to a pasticular pair of the other wires of the junctions 14. In modifications, the gas-tubes 30 may be replaced by transistors or may be arranged to control relays which have contacts in the speech paths. Incoming call. The upper wires 21 of the junctions 14 are normally connected in the exchange to a potential - (Em+Es), which is applied through the rectifier array 16 to the leads 32 connected to the subscribers' side of the gas-tube network 13 but is insufficient to fire any of the gas-tubes 30. When the operator wishes to test the condition of the wanted line she throws the two switches 46 corresponding to the called line to apply potential - Es over the corresponding wires 21 to back-bias the pair of rectifiers 34 connected over lead 32 and the wanted line to earth. If the line is busy the current passed by the conducting gas-tube 30 causes the potential of lead 32 to become more negative than -(Em+Es) so that no current passes through the pair of rectifiers 34. If the line is free the subset presents a high resistance so that a small current passes, and if the subscriber has removed his handset to initiate a call, the subset presents a low resistance so that a large current passes. The operator recognises these conditions by the readings on that pair of the ten ammeters 48 which corresponds to the called line. To set up the call, the operator actuates switch 70, 81 associated with a free junction. Relay 71 connects potential - Et over the lower wire 23 of the junction to the exchange side of the gas-tube network 13. By actuating the switches 41 connected to the pair of upper wires. 21 associated with the called line, the operator back biases the corresponding rectifiers 34 so that -the gas-tube 30 between the called line and the selected junction fires and continues to conduct after the switches 41 are restored. With the gas-tube conducting the potential drop across resistances such as 55 prevents the firing of other gas-tubes connected to the called line or selected junction. Relay 77 operates. The called party is rung by restoring switch 70,81 and when he answers a marginal relay 76 releases 71 which cuts off the ringing current. Outgoing call. The subscribers' lines are automatically tested in a continuous sequence by means of motor-driven cams (not shown) which actuate the corresponding pairs of switches 46 in order. The operator may thus observe a calling condition registered on the ammeters 48, which may alternatively be replaced by current-sensitive relays arranged to operate indicating lamps. The operator fires the relevant tube 30 as for an incoming call, but in the present case the relay 76 operates immediately so that relay 71 and the ringing circuit are never connected. Substation circuit, Fig. 4. A transistor amplifier 91 is arranged to amplify both the output from the telephone transmitter 93 and incoming ringing current which is fed to the receiver 92. Lifting of the receiver 92 cuts a resistance 101 out of the D.C. circuit and thereby reduces the resistance presented to the line. Specifications 686,427 and 704,108 are referred to.