Patent GB-691346-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the manufacture of lubricants for use on textile fibres and for other purposes
IPC: D06M13/148
Filed: 1948-03-10
Abstract: Pentaerythritol trioleate is prepared by heating 1 mol. of pentaerythritol with 3 mols. of oleic acid to 400-600 DEG  F. under reflux conditions which allow the escape of steam, and preferably under reduced pressure and with passage of an inert gas through the mixture.  Pentaerythritol mono - oleate monopalmitate monostearate is prepared similarly from 1 mol. of pentaerythritol and 1 mol. each of oleic, palmitic and stearic acids, the acids being added in turn or as a mixture.  Pentaerythritol dioleate monoacetate is prepared by heating 1 mol. of pentaerythritol with 2 mols. of oleic acid and treating the product with 1 mol. of acetic anhydride. Pentaerythritol trioleyl ether is prepared by reacting 1 mol. of pentaerythritol with 3 mols. of oleyl chloride in the presence of 3 mols. of caustic soda, suitably at 70-75 DEG  C.  Pentaerythritol diethyloleyl ether is prepared by reacting 1 mol. of pentaerythritol with 2 mols. of ethyl chloride and 1 mol. of oleyl chloride, together or in succession, in the presence of 3 mols. of caustic soda. Pentaerythritol dioleate mono-oleyl ether is prepared by heating 1 mol. of pentaerythritol mono-oleyl ether with 2 mols. of oleic acid. Pentaerythritol dioleyl ether monoacetate is prepared from pentaerythritol dioleyl ether and acetic anhydride.  Corresponding products are similarly obtainable from other tetrahydric and higher polyhydric alcohols, e.g. erythritol, arabitol, sorbitol or mannitol. In place of the fatty acids specified above, use may be made of other fatty acids or monohydroxy fatty acids of at least 8 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated.  Wool grease acids may also be used. Further, in the esters containing more than one higher fatty acid radial, one or all but one of these radicals may be replaced by radicles of cyclic acids such as naphthenic or rosin acids or alkylated aromatic acids.  The acetic anhydride used above may be replaced by the anhydride of another aliphatic acid of less than 8 carbon atoms.  Specific products obtainable by one or other of these modifications are sorbitol penta-oleate, pentaerythritol dioleate mononaphthenate or monorosinate, pentaerythritol mono-oleate dioleyl ether, the pentaerythritol triesters of coconut-oil or groundnut-oil fatty acids, sorbitol trioleate monoacetate mono-n-hexyl ether, and erythritol or pentaerythritol dioleate monolactate.  The products are intended for use in lubricating compositions (see Group III). Specifications 650,759 and 674,829 and U.S.A. Specifications 1,774,500 and 1,859,913 are referred to.ALSO:Lubricating compositions for textiles and textile machinery comprise a mineral oil (or a blend of a mineral oil with a fatty oil or free fatty acid) and an addition of 2-50 per cent (based on the whole composition) of a hydroxylated ester, ether or ester-ether of any of the following classes: (a) triesters of erythritol and pentaerythritol with a long-chain fatty or mono-hydroxy fatty acid having at least eight carbon atoms or with an acid derived from wool grease or with any mixtures of these acids, or triesters in which one or two hydroxy groups are esterified as above, the other hydroxy group or groups being esterified with a fatty acid of less than eight carbon atoms or with naphthenic acid or a cyclic acid such as abietic or rosin acids: (b) ester-ethers of erythritol and pentaerythritol having one or two free hydroxy groups in the polyhydric alcohol residue, at least one ester group involving a long-chain acid as under (a), or at least one ether group involving a long-chain monohydric primary fatty alcohol of more than eight carbon atoms, with or without an ester group involving another acid as under (a) or an ether group involving a monohydric aliphatic alcohol containing eight carbon atoms or less; (c) ethers of erythritol and pentaerythritol having one or two free hydroxy groups in the polyhydric alcohol residue and at least one ether linkage involving a long-chain alcohol as under (b), with or without another ether linkage involving another alcohol as under (b); (d) partial esters, ethers and ester-ethers of straight-chain tetrahydric alcohols of higher molecular weight than erythritol and of straight-chain pentahydric and hexahydric alcohols such as arabitol, sorbitol and mannitol, provided that they contain (1) in the case of partial esters, not more than one free hydroxy group in a tetrahydric alcohol residue and not more than two free hydroxy groups in a penta-or hexa-hydric alcohol residue, at least one ester group involving a long-chain acid as under (a) and another ester group or groups optionally involving another acid as under (a); (2) in the case of partial ethers, one or two free hydroxy groups in the polyhydric alcohol residue and at least one ether linkage involving a long-chain alcohol as under (b), with or without another ether linkage involving another alcohol as under (b); (3) in the case of partial ester-ethers, one or two free hydroxy groups in the polyhydric alcohol residue and at least one ester group involving a long chain acid as under (a) or at least one ether group involving a long-chain alcohol as under (b), with or without another ester group or groups involving another acid as under (a) or another alcohol as under (b).  In all cases the acids and alcohols referred to may be saturated or unsaturated and naturally occurring or synthetic, and are so selected that the esters, ethers or ester-ethers do not contain more than two free hydroxyl groups in the molecule. Specified esters, ethers and ester-ethers are pentaerythritol trioleate, mixed pentaerythritol triesters of oleic and wool-grease acids, sorbitol pentaoleate, pentaerythritol dioleate monoaphthenate, pentaerythritol dioleate monorosinate, pentaerythritol dioleate mono-oleyl ether, pentaerythritol mono-oleate dioleyl ether, pentaerythritol dioleate monoacetate, the pentaerythritol triesters of wool-grease acids or coconut-oil fatty acids or groundnut-oil fatty acids, pentaerythritol trioleyl ether, sorbitol trioleate monoacetate monohexyl ether, pentaerythritol or erythritol dioleate monolactate, pentaerythritol mono-oleate monopalmitate monostearate, and pentaerythritol dioleyl ether monoacetate (see Group IV (b)).  A mixture of pentaerythritol triesters of wool-grease acids with wool-grease alcohols, obtained by heating wool grease with pentaerythritol, may also be used.  Specified fats and fatty acids for optional inclusion in the compositions are olive oil, groundnut oil, sperm oil, whale oil, rape oil, oleic acid, wool grease acids, groundnut oil acids, and fatty acids made from paraffin wax.  Mono- and di-esters of glycerol with fatty acids may also be included in the compositions, and also wool-fat alcohols.  The compositions may include also a soap, such as sodium, potassium or ammonium oleate, a sulphonated oil, a sulphonated alcohol, an alkylolamine fatty ester such as triethanolamine oleate, or an emulsifier of the polyalkylene oxide type.  An antioxidant, such as a phenol or an amine, may also be added.  The compositions may be used in the lubrication of wool, cotton, jute and artificial silk, including nylon and polyvinyl chloride, and may be subsequently removed from the fibres by washing. Specifications 188,364, [Class 91], 553,562, 650,759, 654,930 and 674,829 are referred to.