Patent GB-1028211-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of starch decomposition products
IPC: B01F5/04
Filed: 1962-10-22
Abstract: In a process for making glucose or maltose from starch, an aqueous suspension of starch is mixed with a -amylase in tank 1, Fig. 1 (not shown), and subjected to gelatinization and liquefaction in vessel 4, wherein it is heated to 95 DEG  C. by mixing with steam from pipe 5 and subjected to impacting and/or shearing forces (see Specification 995,660).  The resulting starch paste is then passed selectively to reaction vessels 61 or 62, which contain screens 7-74 or O flow-steadying member 8, and thence via cooler 15 to reaction vessel 10 wherein it is diluted by a suspension of BETA-amylase or a -glucodiase from 12. The reaction mixture is then subjected to further impacting and/or shearing forces in 17, and passed through vessel 16 where degradation continues.  The enzyme in the reaction mixture is then deactivated by steam or chemical means in vessel 18 (similar to 4) and in heater 20.  The product, consisting of an aqueous solution of mainly glucose and maltose, is discharged into expansion chamberALSO:In a continuous process for the manufacture of starch decomposition products, a chemically and/or biologically active substance is added to a starch suspension, the mixture is passed continuously through a reaction vessel with temporary acceleration of flow followed by direct mixing with steam, the added substance becoming active during and directly after the steam passage in a field of action of high imposed stress by impacting and/or shearing forces and the resulting primarily liquified starch paste is conducted through at least one additional reaction vessel for the purpose of continuing the degradation reaction and adjusting required chemical or physical properties, the free cross-sectional area of the additional reaction vessel being larger than that of the pipe conduits before and after the first-mentioned vessel. The active substance may be an enzyme, reducing agent, oxidizing agent, acid, alkali or salt. After flowing through the additional reaction vessel, a further active substance may be introduced, suitably as a solution or suspension in water used for cooling the starch product.  The active substances may be deactivated by steam or by chemical means. In a process for making dextrin, an aqueous starch suspension, mixed with a -amylase in tank 1 (Fig. 2, not shown), is continuously passed through reaction vessel 4 (see Specification 995,660) where it is mixed with steam from pipe 5 and subjected to impacting and/or shearing forces, producing a primary gelatinization and liquifaction. Degradation is continued in additional vessel 63 or 64, which are of variable effective volume.  The solution then passes through device 18, which may be the same as 4, wherein the enzyme is deactivated by feeding in steam from pipe 19, or by chemical means.  Deactivation is completed in pipe 20, and the product passes through throttle member 21 and expansion chamber 22. Additional tank 11 may be provided for adding enzyme or other additive to be mixed with the starch suspension.  The quality of the product may be regulated by viscometer 32 which is connected via transmitter 33 to members 23 nd 29, which adjust the volume of 63 and 64 and hence the residence time of the starch therein.  Viscometer 32 may also be connected, via transmitters 34, 38 to valve 35 in steam pipe 5, and valve 36, this regulating the reaction temperature in 4 and the quantity of secondary additive.  In an example, a 30% aqueous suspension of maize starch is converted to limit dextrins and maltose, using amylase stabilized with calcium phosphate or phytate.ALSO:In apparatus for making degradation products of starch, by treatment with steam and enzymes, a variable volume reaction vessel 63 (Fig. 2, not shown) contains a displacement member 23 consisting of two sleeves 231 and 232 closed at one end and engaging telescopically one within the other at their open ends while sealing off their internal space from the free space of vessel 63.  Sleeve 231 is secured by tubes 24 to the wall of vessel 63, while sleeve 232 is freely movable axially and is guided by a rod 25 extending through the base of vessel 63.  The internal volume of the displacement member, and thus the free volume of vessel 63, is varied by moving rod 25 from outside, or by admitting gas into, or withdrawing gas from the internal space of displacement member 23 by means of tubes 24.  An elastically deformable displacement p  member may be used instead of a telescopically adjustable one.  A further variable volume reaction vessel 64 comprises a hemisperical based tube down which a piston-like closure member 28 moves.  The piston 28 is displaced up or down by rod 29, and has a flexible pipe connection 31 to allow egress of reaction product.  The course of the starch degradation process may be controlled by the viscosity of the reaction product, as measured by viscometer 32.  A regulating impulse produced in the viscometer (e.g. by a difference in pressure across a diaphragm) may be transmitted by suitable devices 33 to rod 25 of displacement member 23 or to rod 29 of piston 28, thus causing a change in effective volume of vessels 63 and 64 respectively. The regulating impulse produced in viscometer 32 may also be transmitted via 34 to valve 35 in steam pipe 5, or via 38 to valve 36 controlling reactant feed.