baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent WO-2011065661-A2 (WO)
Title: Chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells using dkk-1 or sfrp-1
Inventor: IM GUN IL
IPC: A61K35/28
Filed: 2010-10-06
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for inducing differentiation of cartilage cells from mesenchymal stem cells, and more particularly, to a method for inducing differentiation of cartilage cells, wherein mesenchymal stem cells are cultured in the presence of DKK-1 or sFRP-1 which serves as a wnt signal transduction inhibitor, and to a treatment composition containing cartilage cells differentiated by said method. The method for differentiating mesenchymal stem cells into cartilage cells according to the present invention uses DKK-1 or sFRP-1 treatment during the early stage of cell culture, so as to prevent differentiation into other cells during the initial cell differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, thus obtaining cartilage cells in an easier manner.
Patent WO-2011046351-A2 (WO)
Title: Actuator using pneumatic pressure and hydraulic pressure
Inventor: KIM GI-CHAN
IPC: F15B15/14
Filed: 2010-10-12
Abstract: The present invention relates to an actuator using pneumatic pressure and hydraulic pressure, and more particularly, to an actuator using pneumatic pressure and hydraulic pressure, which adds pressure of a fluid to a rod operating by air pressure, to produce more thrust, wherein a disk which freely moves within the fluid is employed to stabilize the free surface of the fluid, thus preventing air from being mixed into the working fluid, naturally removing air from the working fluid, and minimizing the amount of working fluid being leaked to the outside such that the pressure being applied to the rod and a plunger can be maximized.
Patent WO-2012023815-A2 (WO)
Title: 디지털 무선 인터컴 시스템 및 그 구동방법
Inventor: YU CHANG-NAM
IPC: H04M1/72513
Filed: 2011-08-18
Abstract: 본 발명은, 적어도 하나의 마스터 기지국과; 상기 적어도 하나의 마스터 기지국과 LAN, LAN 인프라망 및 인터넷 중 적어도 하나를 통하여 유선으로 연결되어 동기신호 및 디지털 형태의 데이터신호를 송수신하는 적어도 하나의 원격 기지국과; 상기 적어도 하나의 마스터 기지국의 전송반경 내에 위치하여 무선으로 상기 동기신호 및 상기 데이터신호를 송수신하는 다수의 제1이동단말과; 상기 적어도 하나의 원격 기지국의 전송반경 내에 위치하여 무선으로 상기 동기신호 및 상기 데이터신호를 송수신하는 다수의 제2이동단말을 포함하고, 상기 적어도 하나의 마스터 기지국과 상기 적어도 하나의 원격 기지국은 주파수 간섭 환경을 고려한 서로 상이한 독립적인 주파수로 구동되고, 상기 적어도 하나의 마스터 기지국과 상기 적어도 하나의 원격 기지국이 송수신하는 상기 동기신호 및 상기 데이터신호는, 서로 상이한 주기 시작점을 갖는 디지털 무선 인터컴 시스템을 제공한다.
Patent WO-2012081913-A2 (WO)
Title: Display control apparatus, program and display control method
Inventor: SHIMIZU HIROMI
IPC: G06F3/0482
Filed: 2011-12-15
Abstract: Provided is a display control apparatus comprising: an operation detection unit for detecting an operation indicating moving directions; an object analyzing unit for specifying as an object of a first group an object for which focus is movable by said operation performed one time from among objects displayed on a screen operated by a user; and a display attribute set unit for setting a display attribute of the object of the first group such that the object of the first group can be discriminated from other objects by the user. The display control apparatus of the present invention reduces user inconveniences regarding the movement of the focus in a user interface.
Patent WO-2012099441-A2 (WO)
Title: 트립토판 대사효소 유전자를 발현하는 줄기세포를 함유하는 면역 반응 억제용 조성물
Inventor: SEO SU KIL
IPC: A61P37/00
Filed: 2012-01-20
Abstract: 본 발명은 트립토판 대사효소 유전자를 발현하는 중간엽 줄기세포 및 이를 포함하는 면역 억제용 조성물에 관한 것으로, 보다 상세하게는 중간엽 줄기세포에서 자연적으로 발현되지 않는 트립토판 대사효소인 키누레닌-3-하이드록실라제 및 키누레니나제를 중간엽 줄기세포에 발현시킴으로써 중간엽 줄기세포의 동종항원-반응 T세포를 효과적으로 억제하여 면역억제 효과를 증진시킬 수 있으므로, 키누레닌-3-하이드록실라제 및 키누레니나제를 발현시킨 중간엽 줄기세포는 이러한 효소들이 발현되지 않은 중간엽 줄기세포에 비해 면역억제 효과가 향상되어 이식편대숙주질환을 포함한 T 세포 과활성화에 의해 발생하는 질환을 효과적으로 예방하고 치료할 수 있다.
Patent WO-2012153943-A2 (WO)
Title: Handle structure for a portable terminal
Inventor: KIM YONG SUN
IPC: H04B1/38
Filed: 2012-05-03
Abstract: The present invention relates to a handle structure for a portable terminal, and more particularly, to a band (belt)-type handle structure installed on the rear surface of a portable terminal such as a smart phone. The handle structure formed on the rear surface (1) of the portable terminal comprises: fixing holes (3, 3') parallelly formed in an 11 shape on said rear surface; and a belt-type handle (5) of which both ends (50, 51') are inserted and fixed into said fixing holes. Said belt-type handle (5) comprises: a fixing part (51), folded parts (55), and a human body contact part (53) extending from and connecting both folded parts. Said human body contact part has a curved shape the width of which is narrow at the center and gradually increases toward both folded parts. Each of said folded parts (55) has a cylindrical shape, and a silicon layer (57) is pressed and attached to the inner surfaces of the folded parts. Said silicon layer extends to surround a hole jaw (33) within each of the fixing holes (3, 3').
Patent WO-2014030882-A2 (WO)
Title: Offshore power generation vessel
Inventor: KIM DAE HYOUNG
IPC: F03B17/06
Filed: 2013-08-16
Abstract: An offshore power generation vessel, according to the present invention, comprises: a hull part for maintaining a floating state on the water and having a hexahedron-shaped hull; a plurality of power generation units provided on the bottom surface of the hull part for generating power by the rotation of screws according to an ocean current; and at least three anchor cables for connecting the hull part to the seabed; and an anchor connected to the anchor cables and fixed to the seabed. The offshore power generation vessel, according to the present invention, is able to maximize operation efficiency by: maintaining a location thereof by applying a quadrilateral-shaped barge to a vessel shape and minimizing an influence of the flowing motion of an ocean current; generating power with high efficiency by actively reacting to the ocean current, which may vary, by a plurality of ocean current power generation units arranged on the lower surface of the power generation vessel; directly using power by mounting facilities for transforming, transmitting and distributing power on the upper part of the power generation vessel; dealing with maintenance or problems when maintenance is required or problems occur by connecting a passage way between each power generation unit and the inside of the hull so as to be able to immediately dispatch personnel through the passage way; and repairing screws by mounting a passage way and a hatch connected to the inside of the hull even outside the screws and dispatching a diver.
Patent WO-2016108594-A2 (WO)
Title: 유기발광소자용 광추출 기판 제조방법, 유기발광소자용 광추출 기판 및 이를 포함하는 유기발광소자
Inventor: YOUN JANG DAE
Filed: 2015-12-29
Abstract: 본 발명은 유기발광소자용 광추출 기판 제조방법, 유기발광소자용 광추출 기판 및 이를 포함하는 유기발광소자에 관한 것으로서 더욱 상세하게는 유기발광소자의 광추출 효율을 향상시킬 수 있고, 특히, 공정 단가를 낮출 수 있는 유기발광소자용 광추출 기판 제조방법, 유기발광소자용 광추출 기판 및 이를 포함하는 유기발광소자에 관한 것이다. 이를 위해, 본 발명은, 금속산화물 나노분산액에 다수의 열가소성 고분자를 혼합하여 혼합물을 제조하는 혼합물 제조단계; 상기 혼합물을 베이스 기판 상에 코팅하는 혼합물 코팅단계; 및 코팅된 상기 혼합물을 소성하는 혼합물 소성단계를 포함하되, 상기 혼합물 소성단계 시 상기 다수의 열가소성 고분자는 기화되고, 상기 혼합물 소성단계가 완료되면, 상기 금속산화물 나노분산액은 매트릭스 층으로 만들어지며, 상기 매트릭스 층 내부에는 기화되기 전 상기 열가소성 고분자가 차지했던 자리에 폐기공이 형성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 유기발광소자용 광추출 기판 제조방법, 유기발광소자용 광추출 기판 및 이를 포함하는 유기발광소자를 제공한다.
Patent WO-2018236111-A2 (WO)
Title: Polyester container and manufacturing method therefor
Inventor: LEE YOO JIN
IPC: C08G63/183
Filed: 2018-06-18
Abstract: The present invention relates to a polyester container. The polyester container is formed from a polyester resin containing a particular content of diol moieties derived from isosorbide and diethylene glycol, and thus can show high transparency in spite of a great wall thickness thereof.
Patent WO-2019045509-A2 (WO)
Title: Fish sauce having increased tryptophan and method for producing fish sauce
Inventor: JANG YOUNG JIN
IPC: A23L33/20
Filed: 2018-08-31
Abstract: The present invention relates to fish sauce and a method for producing the fish sauce and, more particularly, to fish sauce having increased tryptophan and a method for producing the fish sauce, in which the antioxidant potential may be enhanced by increasing the content of tryptophan contained as an active ingredient, the fermentation period may be drastically shortened, and the low salt content thereof may provide health benefits.
Patent WO-2019059573-A2 (WO)
Title: Nonwoven fabric having enhanced pull-out strength for carpet backing fabric and manufacturing method therefor
Inventor: JUNG GYU-IN
IPC: D04H1/55
Filed: 2018-09-07
Abstract: The present invention relates to a nonwoven fabric having enhanced pull-out strength for a carpet backing fabric, and is composed of a nonwoven fabric comprising 50-90 wt% of polyester filaments having a melting point of 250°C or higher and 10-50 wt% of low-melting point copolyester filaments having a melting point of 200°C or lower. According to the present invention, a nonwoven fabric comprising low-melting point polyester fibers is used as a backing fabric and the thickness of the backing fabric is controlled, so that the pull-out strength of the carpet is enhanced, thereby suppressing the falling out of BCF yarns from the carpet.
Patent WO-2020085836-A2 (WO)
Inventor: JANG SOON-CHUL
IPC: G06N3/02
Filed: 2019-10-25
Abstract: The artificial intelligence musical instrument service provision system according to the present invention comprises: a plurality of musical instruments; at least one driving module which is disposed on each of the plurality of musical instruments and drives the playing operation of the musical instrument; at least one sound module which collects the played sound of the musical instrument driven by each driving module; and a musical instrument playing control module which controls the playing operations of the plurality of musical instruments by means of the driving modules and also controls such that the played sounds of the musical instruments collected by the sound modules are remotely transmitted.
Patent WO-2020141877-A2 (WO)
Title: Procédé de quantification de substance cible à l'aide d'un glucomètre et d'une synthèse de protéine acellulaire
Inventor: KIM DONG-MYUNG
IPC: C12Q1/34
Filed: 2020-01-02
Abstract: La présente invention concerne un procédé de quantification d'une substance cible par greffe d'un glucomètre et d'une réaction protéique acellulaire, le procédé de quantification d'une substance cible, selon la présente invention, permettant de quantifier une substance cible avec une efficacité élevée à un faible coût et en un court laps de temps, et peut donc être utilisé dans diverses industries.
Patent WO-2021080302-A2 (WO)
Inventor: KIM HYUN KOO
IPC: A61B17/34
Filed: 2020-10-21
Abstract: The present invention relates to a chest tube insertion device using an endoscopic guide, the device having a structure comprising: a tube insertion guide body which is made from a transparent or semitransparent synthetic resin material and which is introduced into the thoracic cavity of the human body while being flexibly bendable; an endoscopic tube disposed inside the tube insertion guide body; a chest tube formed as a structure for encompassing the outer side of the tube insertion guide body, so as to be spaced from the endoscopic tube; a guide holder for performing an endoscopic guide function and a tube insertion guide body fixing function when the tube insertion guide body is inserted into the thoracic cavity; and a handle part to which the guide holder is separably coupled, wherein, through a process of backwardly moving the tube insertion guide body coupled to the handle part in a state in which the chest tube having been inserted into the thoracic cavity of the human body is fixed by the hand of an operator, the endoscopic tube and the tube insertion guide body are removed and only the chest tube is left connected to the inside of the body.
Patent WO-2005082510-A2 (WO)
Inventor: MINK JOHANNES HENDRIKUS
IPC: G01F11/00
Filed: 2005-01-14
Abstract: In accordance with the present invention there is provided novel and unique automatic and manual colorant and hair dye dispensers that are easy to operate and provides precision mixing of a large number of colorants and hair dye to make an almost infinite number of colors. The machines are relatively light in weight, easy to operate and maintain and the various components can be readily and easily replaced. In the colorant dispenser this is principally due to the fact that the colorant canisters are supported by a central column and the conventional use of a massive turntable supporting the canisters have been eliminated. In both the automatic and manual illustrated embodiments there is shown six (6) pie-shaped triangular canister units (dispensing units) each including three (3) separate colorant receptacles. There can be more or less dispensing units as desired.
Patent WO-2007008075-A2 (WO)
Title: Element chauffant a utiliser dans un dispositif pour le chauffage de liquides
Inventor: KAASTRA SIMON
Filed: 2006-07-07
Abstract: Le chauffage de liquides effectué à l'aide d'un élément chauffant comprenant une résistance électrique de type à tracé conducteur est une technique connue. La chaleur est générée par conduction d'un courant électrique dans la résistance, et est utilisée pour chauffer un liquide. L'invention concerne un élément chauffant amélioré à utiliser dans un dispositif pour le chauffage de liquides. L'invention concerne également un dispositif pour le chauffage de liquides qui comprend ledit élément chauffant.
Patent WO-2008063056-A2 (WO)
Inventor: KOSTER NORBERTUS BENEDICTUS
IPC: G01N1/22
Filed: 2007-11-08
Abstract: L'invention concerne un système d'analyse de gaz comprenant un analyseur de gaz et une chambre à pression réduite dans laquelle l'analyseur de gaz est installé, cette chambre à pression réduite possédant une structure d'entrée destinée à l'écoulement d'un mélange gazeux entrant et une structure de sortie destinée à l'écoulement d'un mélange gazeux sortant. En cours de fonctionnement, la structure de sortie est raccordée à un système de pompage, ce qui facilite l'écoulement du mélange gazeux sortant. Cette structure de sortie comporte une partie canal et une partie de régulation d'écoulement, la partie de régulation d'écoulement présentant une section transversale plus petite que celle de la partie canal.
Patent WO-2013100820-A2 (WO)
Title: Модуль преобразования энергии
Inventor: KOLYUNOV ANDREY IVANOVICH
Filed: 2012-12-25
Abstract: ﻿Изобретение относится к устройствам для получения механической энергии, использующим расширение или сокращение тел, вызываемые изменением температуры. Заявляемый модуль преобразования энергии содержит статор с зонами нагрева и охлаждения, ротор, представляющий собой замкнутый цилиндрический корпус, закрепленный с возможностью вращения вокруг своей оси в статоре, по периметру которого радиально установлены рабочие органы, содержащие шток с держателем и упругие элементы из материала с памятью формы, соединяющее держатель с развитой боковой цилиндрической поверхностью корпуса. Согласно решению, ротор снабжен всасывающим и нагнетательным патрубками, внутри корпуса расположены упруго сжимаемые емкости в количестве, равном количеству рабочих органов, причем каждая емкость соединена со штоком и снабжена входным и выходным клапанами, соединенными с всасывающим и нагнетательным патрубками соответственно.
Patent WO-2018169450-A2 (WO)
Title: Микрооптическая система формирования визуальных изображений с кинематическими эффектами движения
Inventor: GONCHARSKIY ALEXANDER VLADIMIROVICH
IPC: G02B27/42
Filed: 2018-03-13
Abstract: ﻿Заявленная в качестве изобретения микрооптическая система формирования визуальных изображений относится, преимущественно, к приспособлениям, используемым для удостоверения подлинности изделий, и может быть эффективно использована для защиты банкнот и ценных бумаг. Микрооптическая система, согласно формуле изобретения, состоит из фрагментов многоградационных плоских осевых линз Френеля с параболической фазовой функцией и дифракционных решеток. Специальный выбор параметров многоградационных линз Френеля и дифракционных решеток обеспечивает возможность формирования изображений с кинематическими эффектами. При освещении микрооптической системы точечным источником света при углах дифракции менее 60° микрооптическая система формирует изображение, состоящее из черных и белых полос, которое не меняется при повороте оптического элемента влево-вправо. Кинематический эффект заключается в движении черных и белых полос при наклоне микрооптической системы вверх-вниз. При углах дифракции более 60° на всей области микрооптической системы наблюдатель видит другое цветное изображение. Заявленная совокупность существенных признаков изобретения обеспечила достижение технического результата, заключающегося в расширении возможностей визуального контроля, а также в повышении защищенности микрооптической системы от подделки. Реализация микрооптической системы формирования визуальных изображений возможна с использованием существующего стандартного оборудования.
Patent WO-2023132787-A2 (WO)
Title: Communication apparatuses and methods for transmitter restrictions on resource reporting for sidelink communication
Inventor: SUZUKI HIDETOSHI
Filed: 2022-12-22
Abstract: Communication apparatuses and methods for providing radio resource selection and reporting for a sidelink (SL) communication are provided. The techniques disclosed here feature a method including determining, at a transmitting User Equipment (TX UE), a first set of candidate resources having a high priority from all resources for the SL communication. The, first set of candidate resources are determined based on at least a reference signal received power (RSRP) of the SL communication and a discontinuous reception (DRX) inactive time of a receiving UE (RX UE). The method also includes reporting a subset of all the resources to higher layers wherein the subset of all the resources meets a condition, and wherein the subset of all the resources includes ones of the first set of candidate resources that meet the condition.
Patent WO-2019240713-A2 (WO)
Title: Solutions comprising ozonized oil
Inventor: SABANCI AHMET ÜMIT
IPC: C11C3/00
Filed: 2019-03-29
Abstract: The invention relates to solutions comprising ozone in designated doses, and ozonized oil in nano or micron scales, to their methods of production and to the use of such solutions.
Patent WO-2021194443-A2 (WO)
Inventor: KOCADAG MEHMET
IPC: B62K15/00
Filed: 2020-10-20
Abstract: Meet; It is about the innovation realized in the folding structure of the two-wheeled personal transport vehicle (1) preferred by people for transportation in daily life.
Patent TR-2021014815-A2 (TR)
Title: Kendinden Sulama Sistemine Sahip Fidan Yetiştirme Kabı
Inventor: İBRAHİM PARLAK
IPC: A47G7/00
Filed: 2021-09-22
Abstract: Buluş, kurak veya her zaman sulama olanağı bulunmayan tarımsal alanlarda fidan/bitki yetiştirmekte kullanılan, zaman içerisinde fidanın ihtiyaç duyduğu suyu/nemi sağlayan kendinden sulama sistemine sahip fidan yetiştirme kabı (A) ile ilgilidir. (Şekil-2)
Patent TR-2021019701-A2 (TR)
Title: Mobi̇l ayarlanabi̇li̇r rampa si̇stemi̇
Inventor: AHMET ÖZTÜRK
IPC: F41H7/00
Filed: 2021-12-13
Abstract: Buluş, asayiş ve terör olayları sırasında binaların ve/veya uçak, otobüs, tren vb. araçların yüksek noktadaki girişlerine rahat ve hızlı bir şekilde girilebilmesini sağlayan ve farklı noktalardan eş zamanlı girişlere imkan tanıyan ve aynı zamanda tahliye işlemlerinin (yaralı, rehine, hasta vb.) kolaylaştırılmasını sağlayan mobil ayarlanabilir rampa sistemi ile ilgilidir
Patent TR-2021020625-A2 (TR)
Title: Büzülmesi̇ kisitlanmiş yüksek yalitim performansli hazir isi yalitim sivasi
Inventor: METİN DAVRAZ
IPC: E04F13/00
Filed: 2021-12-21
Abstract: Buluş; binaların iç cephe duvar, dış cephe duvar, çatı zemini ve bina döşemelerinde kullanılan, ısı ve ses yalıtımı sağlayan, yangına karşı direnç oluşturan ve bağlayıcı özellikteki hazır ısı yalıtım sıvası ile ilgilidir. Bu buluş; parçacık boyutu 1mm?den büyük veya eşit olan genleştirilmiş iri perlit, parçacık boyutu 1mm `den küçük veya eşit olan genleştirilmiş ince perlit, filtre perlit, parçacık boyutu 1mm?den büyük veya eşit olan kaplı perlit, Portland çimentosu, potasyum sülfat, 600°C?de kalsine edilmiş anhidrit bağlayıcı, kıvamlaştırıcı madde, hava sürükleyici toz polimer, su itici madde içeren bir kompozisyona sahip, yüksek yalıtım performanslı ve büzülmesi kısıtlanmış hazır ısı yalıtım sıvasını açıklamaktadır.
Patent TR-2021022288-A2 (TR)
Title: Adyabati̇k soğutma üni̇teleri̇nde kullanilmak üzere bi̇r nozul si̇stemi̇
Inventor: BURAK ARSLAN
IPC: F25D17/00
Filed: 2021-12-31
Abstract: Buluş veri merkezi iklimlendirme cihazları, soğutma kuleleri ve endüstriyel adyabatik soğutucularda (nozul kullanılan cihazlarda) kullanılmak üzere, montajı, bakımı ve tamiri kolaylaştırılmış bir nozul sistemi ile ilgilidir.
Patent WO-2004063821-A2 (WO)
Title: Snapping and hinging arrangements, watches and associated methods
Inventor: KRAUS STEPHANIE
IPC: G04G99/00
Filed: 2004-01-07
Abstract: A magnet assembly connectable to a metal assembly in an engaging fashion, a metal assembly connectable with the magnet assembly in an engaging fashion and a snapping mechanism comprising the magnet assembly and the metal assembly are disclosed, to be used with a strap and a watch case. A leaf spring element and a base element to be used with a watch case are also disclosed, together with manufacturing processes and a system and method to teach the concept of time.
Patent WO-2004068902-A2 (WO)
Title: Suscepteurs electromagnetiques comprenant des revetements, destines a des systemes et a des dispositifs dielectriques artificiels
Inventor: DALTON ROBERT C
IPC: C01B13/10
Filed: 2004-01-26
Abstract: L'invention concerne un suscepteur électromagnétique revêtu, destiné au traitement chimique, composé d'un matériau de base entourant un matériau secondaire différent du matériau de base. Ce matériau de base est constitué d'un matériau présentant de faibles pertes diélectriques par rapport au matériau secondaire. Le matériau secondaire absorbe davantage l'énergie électromagnétique appliquée au suscepteur électromagnétique que le matériau de base et produit subséquemment de la chaleur dans le matériau de base. De plus, la surface du suscepteur est recouverte d'un matériau qui interagit avec l'énergie électromagnétique appliquée à au moins une fréquence, absorbe l'énergie électromagnétique et produit de la chaleur.
Patent WO-2004077453-A2 (WO)
Title: Nanoparticules encapsulees pour absorber l'energie electromagnetique
Inventor: KUEHNLE MANFRED R
IPC: B32B15/02
Filed: 2004-02-18
Abstract: L'invention concerne des matières composites pouvant servir à bloquer la radiation d'une plage de longueurs d'ondes sélectionnée ou à fournir des couleurs de grande pureté. Ces matières comprennent des dispersions de particules présentant un comportement de résonance optique, qui se traduit par des sections transversales d'absorption de la radiation dépassant sensiblement les sections transversales de la géométrie des particules. Les particules sont de préférence produites sous forme de sphères encapsulées de dimension nanométrique homogène et elles sont dispersées uniformément dans une matière porteuse. Soit le noyau interne soit l'enveloppe externe des particules comportent une matière conductrice ayant une résonance plasmon (Froehlich) dans une bande spectrale déterminée. Les grandes sections transversales d'absorption permettent à un volume de particules relativement faible de rendre la matière composite entièrement opaque (ou presque) relativement à la radiation incidente de la longueur d'ondes de résonance, bloquant une radiation nuisible ou produisant des couleurs de grande pureté. Les matières de la présente invention peuvent servir dans la production d'encres, de peintures, lotions, gels, films, textiles et d'autres matières solides présentant des propriétés chromatiques données. Lesdites matières de l'invention peuvent aussi être utiles dans des systèmes composés de substances réfléchissantes tels que du papier ou des supports transparents comme des films de plastique ou de verre. Les particules peuvent en outre être noyées dans des billes de verre ou de plastique transparent pour créer une distance minimale entre les particules.