baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-847745-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the manufacture of polyhydric alcohols from sorbitol
Filed: 1958-08-26
Abstract: Polyhydric alcohols of lower carbon content are produced from sorbitol by partially decomposing sorbitol by hydrogenative cracking in aqueous solution at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst; cooling and filtering the reaction mixture and conducting it at 10 DEG -60 DEG  C. over an anion exchanger impregnated with boric acid to absorb the unconverted sorbitol; distilling the remaining solution to remove the water and part of the glycols contained in it; recovering the individual polyhydric alcohols from the distillation residue by rectification; eluting about 20% of the absorbed sorbitol from the anion exchanger by water and recycling this solution to the hydrogenative cracking step; condensing and conducting the distillate containing the glycols at 10 DEG -60 DEG  C. over the partially eluted ion exchanger whereby the glycols are absorbed; displacing the glycols from the exchanger by sorbitol from a fresh hydrogenation mixture by conducting the mixture over the exchanger; and returning the glycols displaced together with the fresh polyhydric alcohol solution to the distillation stage. Preferably not more than 72% of the sorbitol is decomposed by the hydrogenative cracking and the preferred hydrogenation catalyst is nickel.  Any acids which may be formed during the cracking, e.g. lactic acid, and any metal ions may be removed by passing the mixture over mixed bed ion exchangers.  If desired the sorbitol solution, obtained by eluting the ion exchanger with water, may be concentrated before returning it to the hydrogenative cracking step.
Patent GB-298531-A (GB)
IPC: F21V19/02
Filed: 1928-09-28
Abstract: 298,531. Burgess Battery Co., (Assig. nees of Zook, J. S.). Oct. 10, 1927, [Convention date]. Battery lamps. - A hand lamp comprises a cup 5 mounted above a battery 1 and a bulbholder 14 mounted in the cup and adapted to be folded down at right-angles to close the upper end of the lamp when not in use. In the open position, the centre contact of the bulb 13 is pressed on the battery pole 8 to light the lamp, while the holder 14 acts as a reflector. The holder is pivoted on the ends of a looped spring 15, the looped end of which is retained by a projection 12 in the cup, and inturned wings 11 or a cross pin bear on the spring to cause it to snap the holder 14 into both the open and the closed positions. The battery pole 8 is guarded by a flange 10 formed in the bottom of the cup. The cup may be of metal and held on the battery by a paper carton 4, Fig. 1, or it may consist of a metal bottom plate 18<1>, Fig. 5, secured in a rigid insulating casing 19 for the battery, or in hand torches it may be formed integral with a metal casing 22, Fig. 7, or as a separate metal stamping 31, Fig. 8, applied to the top of a cardboard casing 28.
Patent GB-437909-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to methods of and apparatus for shaping glass
IPC: C03B23/055
Filed: 1934-09-29
Abstract: 437,909. Glass manufacture. BRITISH THOMSON - HOUSTON CO., Ltd., Crown House, Aldwych, London. Sept. 29, 1934, No. 27926. Convention date, Sept. 29, 1933. [Class 56] Relates to a method of and apparatus for forming a solid spherical portion on the end of a glass tube for use as the bulb of a small electric lamp. According to the invention, the end of a glass tube is heated until it is soft, and the softened glass is upset and shaped by contact with the periphery of a shaping tool. The machine comprises an horizontal turret 12, Fig. 2, composed of four rectangular blocks 13 in each of which ten heads 11, for holding glass tubes, are mounted. The turret is rotated step by step by a Geneva mechanism so that it carries the glass tubes to four operating positions. In the first position, A, each head 11 is loaded with a glass tube 10, and at station B the ends of the tubes are softened by flames from burners 101. At position C, the tubes are again heated by burners 105 and the soft glass is upset by the flat surface of a tool 111. The mass of glass so formed is shaped by a roller 137 into a sphere. Finally, at position D, the glass sphere is partly cooled and is then allowed to drop on to a conveyer belt 144. The heads 11 are geared with one another and are kept in rotation during the upsetting and shaping operations. Each head 11 includes a chuck, and at position A the chucks are opened by a central cam 42. The glass tubes are arranged in a hopper 43, and one is lifted into position opposite each head 11 by vertically moving slides 47. The tubes so lifted are pushed into the chucks by horizontally moving rods 57. At position C, the forming tools consist of rotating spindles 106, each of which has at its outer end a disc 111 and a shaping roller 137, as shown in Fig. 3. The spindles 106 are journalled in a block 115 which is movable, parallel with the axis of the turret 12, in a slide 127 by a rotating cam 139. The slide 127 is also moved to and from the turret by a cam 133, and the two cams give the required movement to the shaping tools. At position D, the chucks are opened by the cam 42 to release the finished bulbs. The apparatus is kept cool by water circulated through passages 149, 150 and 156, 157.
Patent GB-1127208-A (GB)
Title: Facsimile transmission system
IPC: H04L25/493
Filed: 1966-06-22
Abstract: 1,127,208. Pictorial communication bandwidth reduction. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ELECTRIC CORP. 22 June, 1966 [23 June, 1965], No. 27937/66. Heading H4F. Relates to a coding process to reduce the bandwidth or transmission time of a facsimile transmission system wherein the signal transmitted is obtained by scanning a surface, e.g. on a rotating drum, line by line, the signal being indicative of the shade of successively scanned areas. According to the invention the system comprises a first circuit arrangement, e.g. a threshold circuit, to produce a control signal, indicating a predetermined shade, e.g. black, a memory circuit arrangement to store the control signals relating to at least the previously scanned line of areas, a third circuit arrangement to produce a first code signal indicative of the position of the currently scanned area when control signals indicate that the predetermined shade is present, a fourth circuit arrangement to produce one of a plurality of second code signals in accordance with the combination of the control signals corresponding to the currently scanned area, the control signal corresponding to the preceding area in the same line, and the stored control signals relating to areas next to the currently scanned area, and means to transmit one of the second code signals and with a particular one of the second code signals to transmit also the first code signal. In the embodiment described the areas next to the currently scanned area comprise the corresponding area and the preceding and following areas in the preceding line. The first code signal is an address code signal giving the position on the document of the area being scanned which is only transmitted when the scanned area is black and there is no black shade in the four areas contiguous with it, and the second code signals are instruction code signals which are transmitted when there is a black shade in one of the four contiguous areas or in the scanned area. There are seven instruction code signals each comprising a three digit signal. These output signals together with the usual fascimile start, stop and receiver synchronizing signals are transmitted to a remote receiver.
Patent GB-242662-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in electrodes for electron discharge devices
IPC: H01J19/28
Filed: 1925-11-07
Abstract: 242,662. British Thomson-Houston Co., Ltd., (Assignees of Hendry, J. F.). Nov. 8, 1924, [Convention date]. Vacuum tubes.-An anode consists of two or more similar sections 1 each having tubular lugs 2 projecting alternately from opposite sides so that two or more rods 4 can be threaded through the lugs to hold the sections together and support them. The firmness of the joint may be increased by slightly off-setting some of the lugs. When circular in plan, the anode may consist of three sections. Such anodes may be taken to pieces to afford access to other electrodes for repairs. The rods 4 may be inserted in sockets on a support clamped on a reentrant tube, at the end of the envelope opposite to that through which the filament and grid are supported.
Patent GB-1599885-A (GB)
Title: Optical fibre terminations
IPC: G02B6/32
Filed: 1977-07-05
Abstract: The beam-expanding graded-index lens is provided in the end piece (11) for an optical fibre (10) either as a discrete or as an integrated part of the end piece. The optical fibre (10) is inserted into the end of the end piece opposite the lens, it being possible for said optical fibre to be fastened in the end piece by bonding or by the coincidence of the end piece sleeve in the end piece. The expansion which the lens causes in the light beam emerging from the fibre (10) permits a less precise lateral alignment of two end pieces (11, 12) in the optical coupling of a pair (10, 13) of optical fibres than would be the case without using the lens. <IMAGE>
Patent GB-408626-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in machines for moulding and thicknessing concrete or other artificial stone tiles, slabs and the like articles
IPC: B28B3/12
Filed: 1932-10-10
Abstract: 408,626. Moulding tiles &c. BATES, H. K., 42, Hawardon Avenue, Sefton Park, Liverpool. Oct. 10, 1932, No. 28142. [Class 87 (ii).] Tiles, slabs, &c. are made by charging material into a mould and strickling the surface so that the thickness of the material in the mould is greater than that of the slab to be produced, the charged mould then being passed between rollers, the upper of which compresses the material and impresses any desired design on its surface. The moulds have hinged sides 13 which are higher than the thickness of the material, and fixed ends 15 the sides having not ched pivoted extensions 16 which interlock with the ends. The mould mav be subdivided by partitions 19 which may be of part or of the full depth of the mould. Sheet metal pallets rest on battens 20 on the floor of the mould and the pallets may be shaped to form nibs on the tiles. The charged moulds are passed along a roller track 12, which may be endless so that the moulds move in a closed circuit. The lower roller C is mounted in fixed bearings, the upper roller B being mounted in adjustable bearings 6. The under surface of the mould is covered with rubber &c. to prevent slip. The upper roller may operate on the material in the mould through a sheet of gauze or steel.
Patent GB-1117472-A (GB)
Title: A device for performing direct multiplications of factors set on an adding machine by a short-cutting method
IPC: G06C15/08
Filed: 1965-07-02
Abstract: 1,117,472. Multiplication devices. RICOH CO. Ltd. 2 July, 1965 [4 July, 1964], No. 27239/65. Heading G4B. An adding machine is adapted to perform multiplication by the " highest compensation short cut method ", i.e. a short cut method in which positive and negative digits having equal values are eliminated, e.g. in multiplying 999 x 2 only the calculations - 2 + 2000 = 1998 are performed. Entering the multiplicand.-The multiplicand is entered on to setting slides 30 (Fig. 1) and on depression of a multiplier key which operates an electric motor, the entered number is printed by a printing mechanism controlled by the movement of racks 32 engaging the slides 30 and the multiplicand is entered on to gears 61 by racks 62, the gears having been previously zeroized. For numbers greater than four a tens transmission member is operated to add in one to a gear on the left of one on which a digit greater than four is entered, i.e. the number 999 is entered as 1009. Entering the multiplier.-This is entered on the same set of slides 30. Multiplication.-On depression of the " = " key a multiplier slide is operated so that an extension 79 on it is brought into engagement with a flange 68 (Fig. 11, not shown) on the lowest denominational gear 61 on which a figure other than zero is entered. The gears 61 comprise eleven teeth, two representing zero and five of reduced size corresponding to the numbers five to nine, the amount of rotation of a feeler 87 (Fig. 9, not shown) carried on the same shaft as the multiplier slide depending on the type of tooth encountered and hence controlling whether an addition or subtraction gear 35, 36 (Fig. 1) of the accumulator 34 is brought into engagement with the racks 32. For each machine cycle the racks 32 are brought into engagement with the gears 35, 36 and the gear 61 either advanced one step towards 10 for numbers 5-9 or counted down to zero for numbers 1-4. The process is repeated until all the gears have attained their upper or lower zero position.
Patent GB-656695-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the drying of ceramic objects
IPC: F26B17/04
Filed: 1948-11-01
Abstract: 656,695. Conveyers. CLEMENTS, W. A. Nov. 1, 1948, No. 28284. Convention date, Nov. 17, 1947. [Class 78 (i)] [Also in Group XIII] In apparatus for drying ceramics, filled moulds A are placed on the equidistant trays 11 of a vertical conveyer 10 within a casing 9 at the front of the machines and are transferred to a horizontal woven wire endless conveyer 2 in a casing 1 where they are subjected to a flow of hot air and are then transferred to conveyer belts 40 where the dried ceramics are removed manually from the moulds, the latter being then transferred to a fourth conveyer 42 which returns them towards the front of the machine for refilling. A transverselyextending rod 14 in the casing 9 comes into contact with the corner of each tray as it approaches the belt 2 and the tray tilts to permit the moulds to slide on to the belt 2 via an inclined series of rollers 16. Alternatively, pneumatic means may be provided (Fig. 5) comprising piston-rods 74 which swing the trays arid are operated by compressed air passing into cylinders 73 when the rods 12 of the conveyer depress levers 71 of air valves 70. The transfer from conveyer 2 to the belts 40 (Fig. 4) is effected by mechanism comprising two inclined series of rollers 45, 46, the rollers 45 being in a stationary frame 47 and the rollers 46 in a frame 48 pivoted at 49 and grooved to clear the belts 40. Moulds descending along the rollers 45, 46 reach a switch 52 which operates a solenoid 53, the plunger 55 of which moves a valve 56 allowing pressure fluid to move a piston connected by a rod 61 to the frame 48 causing the latter to move to a horizontal position and deliver the moulds to the conveyer belts 40. To give the operator time to empty the moulds a time delay switch 59 may be placed in the circuit. When the frame 48 reaches horizontal position a bar 64 closes a switch 65 to operate a solenoid 66 and return the valve 56 to its initial position and raise the frame once more. The moulds pass from belts 40 to the return conveyer via an inclined row of freely-rotatable rollers. In a modification of the return conveyer 42, the moulds are received from the inclined rollers by a short endless band conveyer which lifts them to an inclined rollerway conveyer by which they return to the front of the machine under gravity.
Patent GB-1512999-A (GB)
Title: Voltage generating system
IPC: H03J3/18
Filed: 1975-07-04
Abstract: 1512999 Selective signalling MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO Ltd 4 July 1975 28291/75 Heading G4H [Also in Division H3] In digital-to-analogue conversion, interpolation between voltage levels defined by resistances 7a, 7b &c. is achieved by alternately switching in and out an adjacent pair of resistors with a selectable duty cycle, and smoothing the resulting analogue signal. Three level interpolation is possible with one of the pair being switched with a duty cycle of , ¢ or ¥, the other ¥, ¢ or . An 83 channel TV station selector with 29 voltage levels is described with reference to Figs. 7a-12 (not shown). In another TV station selector, Fig. 14, the number of a desired TV channel is keyed in by pressing pushbuttons 22, once for a single digit number and twice within 2 or 3 seconds for a two-digit number. One of the flip-flops 23a-e is set according to which pair 0-5, 1-9, 2-8, 3-7, or 4-6, the selected digit belongs to and flip-flop 23f is set if it is in the range 0 to 4. If a second digit is selected within 2 or 3 seconds the states of flip-flops 23a-23f are transferred to "tens" flip-flops 24a-24f, the second digit setting 23a-23f. The "tens" flip-flops select a "tens" gate 39a-39e. Line #<SP>1</SP> is marked with a "1" if the units digit is in the range 5 to 9 and lines Y, Y<SP>1</SP> are marked with complementary clock pluses of mark/space ratio 0, 1/5, 2/5 3/5, 4/5, 1 according to the units digit, whereby 31 channels are selectable using only 7 reference voltage levels.
Patent GB-1372772-A (GB)
Title: Regulating valves
IPC: G05D16/10
Filed: 1972-06-16
Abstract: 1372772 Fluid-pressure servometer systems RIVA CALZONI SpA 16 June 1972 [7 Aug 1971] 28359/72 Heading G3P  A flow control valve, which can be incorporated in a hydraulic circuit for controlling the speed of operation of a hydraulic actuator or a motor, comprises an inlet 3, an outlet 13 and disposed there-  between, a piston valve 7 which is subjected to the differential existing across a four-plate slide valve defining a rectangular orifice 13a, the differential being transmitted to the piston valve via passageways 12 and 15. The four-plate valve comprises two pairs of aligned and elongated slide plates 18, 19 and 22, 23 whose facing edges are bevelled at 18a, 19a, and 22a, 23a, respectively, the pairs being arranged orthogonally to one another. As shown in Fig.3, each slide plate is subject to the outward bias of a spring, 37-40. Furthermore, one plate of each pair is adjustable manually by a screw 41 and 42. The remaining plate of each pair is adjustable by, for example, a cam member 47 acting through a follower 43, or a pin 44 subject to rectilinear movement in a predetermined temporal pattern. The slide plates defining orifice 13A and the semi-circular slide plate guides 20, 21, (and 24, 25, Fig.4 (not shown)), are biased against a valve wall 26 by a spring member 27.
Patent GB-497111-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to frequency modulated carrier wave systems
IPC: H04B14/00
Filed: 1937-10-18
Abstract: 497,111. Frequency modulation; impedance networks. MARCONI'S WIRELESS TELEGRAPH CO., Ltd. Oct. 18, 1937, No. 28378. Convention date, Nov. 27, 1936. Drawings to Specification. [Classes 40 (iii) and 40 (v)] Improved signal-to-noise ratio is obtained in frequency-modulated carrier wave trans mission systems by distorting the modulating potentials before application to the modulator. The distortion consists in progressively increasing the amplitudes for decreasing modulating frequencies below a predetermined frequency and progressively increasing the amplitudes for modulating frequencies above the predetermined frequency. The Specification gives curves showing the relative amplitudes of the carrier and first ten side frequencies produced by any given peak phase deviation of the carrier, and the distortion of the modulation is so arranged that the frequency swing produced by any modulation frequency is the maximum consistent with the production of no side band frequencies of more than a predetermined small fraction of the carrier amplitude outside the desired frequency spectrum of the transmission. At the receiver the modulation after detection is applied to a correcting circuit to remove the distortion. The Specification gives circuits and dimensions of distorting networks suitable for use at the transmitter and receiver. British Specifications 296,678, 308,663, 336,096, [all in Class 40 (v)], 341,732, 368,597, 378,998, and U.S.A. Specifications 1,803,504 and 1,830,166 are referred to.
Patent GB-262571-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to means for the protection of jewellers' windows and the like
IPC: E06B9/04
Filed: 1925-06-10
Abstract: 262,571. O'Brien, M. C. M. June 10, 1925. Burglar and like alarms. -To prevent burglary a jeweller's or like window has display shelves supported by cords 31 which are released by breakage of the glass &c. the contents of the shelves being precipitated into a cotton-wool-lined box 39 which is automatically closed and locked. An electric alarm circuit is closed at the same time as the release of the shelves. The catch 33<a> which retains the cords 31 is connected to the cover 16 of one compartment of an air-tight receptacle 11, Fig. 3. Two additional compartments 9, 10 of this receptacle are exhausted by connection to the receiver 2 of a motor driven pump 1. The compartment 9 is also connected to the exhausted space between the double panes 22, 23 or like exhausted space liable to attack and has an airtight pouch 13 connected to a valve 15 between the spaces 10, 11. The break down of the vacuum in the space 9 through the breakage of the glass &c. by releasing the valve 15 leads to the partial exhaustion and collapse of the bellows-like compartment 11 and release of the cords 31. The circuit of an alarm 20 is also closed at 18, 19. The vacuum devices according to this invention may be combined with the pressure controlled system described in Specification 231,851. The break down of the vacuum may be caused for example by breakage of a connected glass tube by a spring-controlled hammer, said hammer being normally held by a catch which is released by mechanical or electrical means as described in the Specification referred to.
Patent GB-617361-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for indicating the completion of the stroke of the reciprocating part of jacks
IPC: B64C25/28
Filed: 1946-09-24
Abstract: 617,361. Aeronautical appliances. DUNLOP RUBBER CO., Ltd., and TREVASKIS, H. W. Sept. 24, 1946, No. 28483. [Class 4] [Also in Group XXX] Apparatus for indicating the completion of the stroke of the'reciprocating part of a jack fitted with an internal lock for locking the jack in its extended position, comprises an operating rod 5 attached to the operating end 4 of the piston-rod 3 and movable in a tube 6 attached to the jack body, a micro-switch 10a for an electrical circuit containing means to indicate when the movement of the piston-rod has ceased, said micro-switch being connected to the jack body, and a lever 11 pivoted to the internal lock of the jack, said lever being adapted to operate the micro-switch and to be operated by contact with a projection 5a on said operating rod after the said piston-rod has reached the end of its stroke. When the piston is nearly at the end of its stroke, the projection 5a on the rod 5 makes contact with the end 11b of the lever 11 which encircles said rod, and at this point the lever is moved forward by the pivot 11a which is traversed in the slot 2a by movement of a movable part of the lock mechanism. At the end of the stroke the lock mechanism is tripped and returned to its former position carrying with it the lever 11, the end 11b of which strikes the projection 5a now at rest, and causes the other end of the lever to actuate the micro-switch 10a.
Patent GB-1195082-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Fluid Flow Cut-Off Valves.
Inventor: POOLE JOHN HAYWOOD
IPC: F23N5/24
Filed: 1967-06-21
Abstract: 1,195,082. Valves. BLACK AUTOMATIC CONTROLS Ltd. 19 June, 1968 [21 June, 1967], No. 28544/67. Heading F2V. [Also in Division F4] A fluid flow cut-off valve 10, in a burner control system, having two cut-off points 13, 14 and a canal 15 between them has a pressure differential detector 32 connected on one side to the canal 15 and on the other side to a reference pressure such as ambient atmosphere or either of the spaces 23, 24 separated by the valve when closed, a test fluid circuit connected to the canal and including means for generating in the canal a selected value of test fluid pressure and means for sensing an unacceptable rate of charge of test fluid which denotes leakage through the valve. The valve 10 is operated by a fluid actuator 20 having a piston 18 moved against a spring 16 by fluid pressure admitted to the cylinder 19 below the piston from a motordriven pump 21 started by means of a button S.