Patent GB-989911-A (GB)
Title: Polymerization process
IPC: C08F291/00
Filed: 1963-01-29
Abstract: Vinylidene chloride copolymers are prepared by copolymerizing vinylidene chloride with at least one monomer copolymerizable therewith in an aqueous medium containing a vinyl or vinylidene polymer in latex form in amount of at least 1% based on the weight of monomers and vinyl or vinylidene polymer, in the form of particles of average diameter at least 0.04 microns but below the average diameter required for the vinylidene chloride copolymer particles to be produced, and 0.1 to 0.5% by weight of the monomers and vinyl or vinylidene polymer of an anionic or non-ionic dispersing agent.  Many suitable comonomers are listed, including unsaturated acids and esters, amides and nitriles thereof, vinyl esters, vinyl ketones, vinyl and allyl ethers, halogen substituted olefins and vinyl heterocyclic compounds. Many suitable vinyl and vinylidene polymers are listed, including polymers of styrene and substituted styrenes, olefins, esters, amides and nitriles of unsaturated acids, vinyl esters, vinyl ketones, vinyl ethers, halogen substituted olefins and vinyl heterocyclic compounds.  Specified dispersing agents are alkyl and alkylaryl sulphonates, sulphonated paraffin oils, fatty acid soaps, and salts of dibasic acid monoamides. Polymerization may be effected in the presence of catalysts, e.g. hydrogen peroxide, organic peroxides, azines, ketazines, persulphates and perborates, optionally together with salts of iron, manganese and cobalt.  The copolymers may be recovered from the aqueous dispersions and dissolved in organic solvents.  They may be used for coating wood, paper, synthetic resins and particularly regenerated cellulose films. Examples describe the copolymerization of (1 and 8 to 11) vinylidene chloride, methyl acrylate and itaconic acid using a vinylidene chloride/methyl acrylate/itaconic acid copolymer seed; (2) vinylidene chloride, methyl acrylate, acrylonitrile and itaconic acid using a vinylidene chloride/methyl acrylate/acrylonitrile/itaconic acid copolymer seed; (3) vinylidene chloride, methyl acrylate and itaconic acid using a polystyrene seed; (4) vinylidene chloride, methyl acrylate and butyl acrylate using a polymethyl methacrylate seed; (5) vinylidene chloride, methyl acrylate, octyl/decyl acrylate and itaconic acid using a methyl methacrylate/butyl acrylate copolymer seed; and (7) vinylidene chloride, methyl acrylate and itaconic acid, with and without butyl acrylate, using vinylidene chloride/methyl acrylate/itaconic acid copolymer on vinylidene chloride/methyl acrylate/butyl acrylate/itaconic acid copolymer seed. Specification 627,265 is referred to.ALSO:Regenerated cellulose film may be coated with copolymers prepared by copolymerizing vinylidene chloride with at least one monomer copolymerizable therewith in an aqueous medium containing a vinyl or vinylidene polymer in latex form in amount of at least 1% by weight of the monomers and polymer, in the form of particles of average diameter at least 0,04 microns but below the average diameter required for the vinylidene chloride copolymer particles to be produced, and 0,1-0,5% by weight of the monomers and polymer of an anionic or non-ionic dispersing agent.  Many suitable comonomers, seed polymers and dispersing agents are listed.  The copolymers may be applied from solutions in organic solvents, e.g. tetrahydrofuran/toluene mixtures.  In examples regenerated cellulose films are coated with copolymers of (1 and 8-11) vinylidene chloride, methyl acrylate and itaconic acid prepared with a vinylidene chloride/methyl acrylate/itaconic acid copolymer seed; (2) vinylidene chloride, methyl acrylate, acrylonitrile and itaconic acid prepared using a vinylidene chloride / methyl acrylate / acrylonitrile / itaconic acid copolymer seed; (3) vinylidene chloride, methyl acrylate and itaconic acid prepared using a polystyrene seed; (4) vinylidene chloride, methyl acylate and butyl acrylate prepared using a polymethyl methacrylate seed; (5) vinylidene chloride, methyl acrylate, octyl/decyl acrylate and itaconic acid prepared using a methyl methacrylate/butyl acrylate copolymer seed; and (7) vinylidene chloride, methyl acrylate and itaconic acid, with and without butyl acrylate prepared using a vinylidene chloride/methyl acrylate/itaconic acid copolymer on vinylidene chloride/methyl acrylate/butyl acrylate/itaconic acid copolymer seed. Specification 627,265 is referred to.