Patent GB-801341-A (GB)
Title: Arc welding apparatus and method
IPC: B23K9/073
Filed: 1955-06-17
Abstract: 801,341. Automatic control systems for welding arcs. AIR REDUCTION CO., Inc. June 17, 1955 [June 28, 1954], No. 17578/55. Class 38 (4). [Also in Groups XXXVI and XXXIX,] In a control system for a welding arc, wherein a consumable electrode is fed to a welding head at constant speed, the arc voltage and hence the length of the arc is maintained constant with changes in the line voltage of the power supply and in the work-welding head separation. Thus, in Fig. 1, a D.C. arc is drawn between the work 50 and a consumable electrode 52 fed through a contact tube 44 at constant speed, the arc being shielded by a flow of inert gas. The electrodes are supplied from a three-phase transformer 26 over a rectifier 23 and a reversing switch 42, normally with the consumable electrode positive. A D.C. winding 28, coupled with the transformer secondaries only through cores 30, is supplied in series with a set of parallel resistors 64 from a bridge rectifier 60 fed from an A.C. source 62. A coil 67 energized in accordance with the arc voltage has its armature 76 connected to a bar 72 engageable with contact members 66 for each of resistor s 64, whereby during welding deviations of arc voltage from a desired value set on a resistor 84 cause the connection or disconnection of further resistors 64 and a corresponding change in the energization of winding 28. The resulting change in effective impedance of the transformer secondaries causes a corrective change in the current output to the arc, whereby the electrode burn-off rate is varied in a sense as to restore the arc voltage and hence the arc length to the desired constant value. Positive feedback for the control action is provided by a winding 32 in the load circuit. Relays 90, 92, 86 operate their contacts so that when the arc is struck a desired initial droop in the operating characteristic is obtained by supplying winding 28 directly from a portion of the output of rectifier 60 as tapped from a potentiometer 96, the open circuit voltage being comparatively low. When the arc voltage falls to the welding range, the coil 78 is energized, resistors 64 are put in circuit and the whole output of rectifier 60 is applied to its load circuit, whereby the arc voltage is subsequently maintained constant as already described. In a modification, Fig. 2, the control winding 28 for the supply transformer is energized from a rectifier 122 whose A.C. input is regulated by a pair of oppositely conducting grid-controlled gas-discharge rectifier tubes 114, 116 connected in parallel in one of the rectifier supply leads. Push-pull amplifier tubes 110, 112 conduct on alternate half cycles of the A.C. supply 122 to apply negative biases to the grids of their respective rectifier tubes 114, 116 during their periods of non.conduction,..whereby the instant at which the tubes conduct during the positive part of their plate voltage cycles depends on the magnitude of the original biases and the time constant of R.C. networks in the grid circuits through which the biases are dissipated. The magnitude of these biases are determined by the grid voltages of tubes 110, 112 which depend on the output difference between a pair of tubes 100, 102 responsive respectively to the arc voltage and a reference set on a potentiometer 104 fed from the voltage stabilizer tube 105. Changes in arc voltage thus result in changes in the negative bias of rectifier tubes 114, 116 and corresponding changes in the input to rectifier 122, whereby the energization of winding 28 is correctively varied to restore the arc voltage. Relays 106, 136, 138 operate in the same way as those in the system of Fig. 1, whereby, on striking the arc, a desired droop in the operating characteristic results from applying a voltage to the grids of tubes 110, 112 from a potentiometer 320. The Specification states that the invention is also applicable to A.C. arcs or to arcs supplied from machine generators, and that in some cases it may be desirable to maintain a linear relationship between current and voltage rather than a constant voltage.