baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent WO-2009131344-A2 (WO)
Inventor: RYOU BYUNG HOON
IPC: H01Q1/38
Filed: 2009-04-21
Abstract: L'invention concerne une antenne à large bande. L'antenne à large bande est produite au moyen d'un substrat qui présente une perméabilité relative supérieure à la permittivité relative. Ainsi, l'antenne à large bande permet d'améliorer le gain, l'efficacité et la largeur de bande de l'antenne tout en conservant une miniaturisation de l'antenne, ce qui représente un avantage pour les antennes connues utilisant un diélectrique présentant une permittivité relative élevée. Dans l'antenne à large bande susmentionnée qui comprend le substrat et une plaque de rayonnement formée sur le substrat, le substrat présente un rapport de perméabilité relative sur permittivité relative supérieur à 1.
Patent WO-2010058991-A2 (WO)
Title: Method for fabricating a vertically structured, nitride-based light-emitting device
Inventor: KIM KEUK
IPC: H01L33/08
Filed: 2009-11-20
Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for fabricating a vertically structured, nitride-based light emitting device comprising the following steps: preparation of a substrate; formation of a trench on the substrate by either a laser- or a diamond-cutting process; cultivation of a nitride-based semiconductor layer on the substrate; and separation of said nitride-based semiconductor layer from the substrate.
Patent WO-2010093175-A2 (WO)
Inventor: JOUNG YOUNG HEE
IPC: A01H1/00
Filed: 2010-02-11
Abstract: The present invention relates to a Solanum lycopersicum HR7 gene-derived plant flower- and fruit- specific expression promoter, to a 5' untranslated region (5'-UTR), to a plant flower- and fruit- specific expression vector comprising same, to a method for the flower- and fruit- specific expression of exotic genes using the expression vector, to a plant transformed with the expression vector, and to a seed thereof. According to the present invention, a gene introduced from a transformed plant can be specifically expressed as flower and fruit tissue when compared to the widely used conventional Cauliflower mosaic virus-derived CaMV 35S promoter which induces expression of exotic genes as non-specific tissue. Further, the present invention has valuable use in development of a transformed plant for prospective production of valuable substances from flowers and fruits.
Patent WO-2010123266-A2 (WO)
Title: White-light emission monomolecular compound using excited-state intramolecular proton transfer characteristics, and organic electroluminescence device and laser device comprising same
Inventor: PARK SOO YOUNG
IPC: H01L51/50
Filed: 2010-04-21
Abstract: The present invention relates to a white-light emission monomolecular compound using excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) characteristics, and to an organic electroluminescence device and laser device comprising same. The white-light emission monomolecular compound according to the present invention is prepared by covalently bonding at least two types of molecules which produce different colors and have excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) characteristics. The white-light emission monomolecular compound according to the present invention achieves white-light emission irrespective of the concentration thereof and of the state of the materials thereof, and therefore can be used in a variety of fields including an organic electroluminescence device and a laser device.
Patent WO-2010126303-A2 (WO)
Inventor: RAMAKRISHNA SUDHIR
IPC: H04J11/00
Filed: 2010-04-28
Abstract: L'invention porte sur une station mobile et une station de base capables de communiquer dans un réseau sans fil par l'intermédiaire d'un ensemble de sous-bandes contiguës ou non contiguës. La station de base transmet une affectation de ressource à la station mobile. Le message d'affectation de ressource comprend un champ d'indice de sous-bande (SBI), un numéro de champ de message, un champ d'indicateur d'affectation contiguë ou une combinaison correspondante. Sur la base du champ SBI et d'un ou plusieurs du numéro de champ de messages et du champ d'indicateur d'allocation contiguë, la station mobile peut identifier l'ensemble de sous-bandes qui lui a été affecté par la station de base.
Patent WO-2011031052-A2 (WO)
Title: 정밀 약액 주입량 조절장치
Inventor: PARK HYO NAM
IPC: A61M37/00
Filed: 2010-09-07
Abstract: 정밀약액 주입량 조절장치가 개시된다. 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 조절장치는 조절노브와, 게이트실 및 바디를 구비한다. 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 조절장치는, 약액이 안정적이면서도 정확하게 미세조절되어 환자에게 주입될 수 있으며, 구성부품의 수를 줄여 제작이 용이하고 제조 단가를 낮출 수 있는 정밀 약액 주입량 조절장치를 제공한다.
Patent WO-2011043565-A2 (WO)
Title: Metal-air cell charging apparatus, metal-air cell assembly, and metal-air cell charging system comprising same
Inventor: RYOU BYUNG HOON
IPC: H01M12/08
Filed: 2010-10-04
Abstract: The present invention relates to a metal-air cell charging apparatus, to a metal-air cell assembly, and to a metal-air cell charging system comprising same. The present invention provides a metal-air cell charging apparatus for charging a metal-air cell assembly including a secondary metal-air cell having a negative electrode gel, and a case for accommodating the secondary metal-air cell therein, wherein the metal-air cell charging apparatus comprises: a charging unit which generates, using an external power source, power to be supplied to the metal-air cell assembly, and supplies the thus-generated power to the metal-air cell assembly; and a humidifying air supply unit which generates humidifying air containing a predetermined amount of moisture, and supplies the humidifying air to the interior of the case via a humidifying air supply port connected to the metal-air cell assembly.
Patent WO-2011083964-A2 (WO)
Title: Mobile switching centre server
Inventor: VEDRINE ARNAUD
IPC: H04L12/56
Filed: 2011-01-05
Abstract: MSC server enhanced for rSRVCC from UTRAN/GERAN to E-UTRAN/HSPA, comprising: - a reception block (10) configured to receive an rSRVCC capability indication from a user equipment; - a decision block (11) configured to determine whether rSRVCC is allowed for a given call based on the rSRVCC capability indication received; and - a transmitting block (12) configured to send to a Radio Access Network (RNS/BSS), when rSRVCC has been determined as allowed, an rSRVCC possible indication indicating that a rSRVCC is possible.
Patent WO-2011083970-A2 (WO)
Inventor: YOO YOUNG MAN
IPC: C08L67/00
Filed: 2011-01-06
Abstract: La présente invention concerne un toner utilisé dans un procédé de photocopie électronique ou un procédé d'impression statique, et une résine polyester comprise en tant que liant dans le toner. La résine polyester contient de l'acide lactique (acide D- ou L-lactique) ou un composé lactide (D- ou L-lactide) dérivé de celui-ci et du 1,4-cyclohexanediméthanol.
Patent WO-2011099735-A2 (WO)
Title: Portable electronic device case for supplying auxiliary power by using a solar cell
Inventor: PARK SEONGHOON
IPC: H05K5/02
Filed: 2011-02-08
Abstract: A portable electronic device case according to the present invention for supplying auxiliary power by using a solar cell provides excellent durability and convenience of use by integrally combining a platform and a cover which are made of different materials and allotting specific functions to the platform and cover, respectively.
Patent WO-2011099809-A2 (WO)
Title: 정량 미세입자 계수 챔버 및 이를 이용한 시료 이미지 분석장치
Inventor: LIM HYUN CHANG
IPC: G01N15/00
Filed: 2011-02-11
Abstract: 일정한 부피를 제공하는 정량 미세입자 계수 챔버 및 이를 이용한 시료 이미지 분석장치가 개시된다. 본 발명의 정량 미세입자 계수 챔버는, 제1 플레이트; 및 미세입자 카운팅을 위한 용액이 수용되는 채널이 형성되도록 상기 제1 플레이트에 결합되는 제2 플레이트를 포함하되, 상기 제1 플레이트는, 채널덮개부; 상기 채널덮개부의 외측 둘레로부터 일정간격 이격되어 마련되는 제1 접합부; 및 상기 제1 플레이트와 상기 제2 플레이트가 결합되는 경우 상기 채널덮개부가 상기 제2 플레이트의 채널 형성 영역에 탄력적으로 밀착되도록 상기 채널덮개부와 상기 제1 접합부를 상호 연결하는 인장력 발생 연결부를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 한다. 본 발명에 의하면, 제1 플레이트에 형성된 채널덮개부가 인장력 발생 연결부에 의해 탄력적으로 제2 플레이트의 지지벽에 밀착되므로 채널덮개부와 지지벽이 기밀을 유지하게 되므로 채널에 수용되는 용액이 새는 현상이 방지되는 효과가 제공된다.
Patent WO-2011112043-A2 (WO)
Title: Method for reporting qos control-related information in network and network entity therefor
Inventor: SUH DOUG-YOUNG
IPC: H04W80/06
Filed: 2011-03-11
Abstract: A method for reporting Quality of Service (QoS) control-related information in a network is provided, in which an intermediate network entity located within an end-to-end path generates the QoS control-related information by measuring a channel state, and reports the QoS control-related information to another network entity controlling the QoS.
Patent WO-2012134244-A2 (WO)
Title: Method and apparatus for transceiving data in radio access system supporting multi-radio access technology
Inventor: LEE EUNJONG
IPC: H04W88/06
Filed: 2012-03-30
Abstract: According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method in which a terminal transceives data with a first base station supporting first radio access technology (RAT) and a second base station supporting second radio access technology in a radio access system supporting multi-radio access technology comprises the steps of: performing an initial network entry process with the first base station; performing a multi-RAT capability negotiation process with the first base station in order to exchange information required for accessing the second base station; performing an access procedure with the second base station; and simultaneously transceiving data with the first base station and the second base station which is accessed through the access procedure, wherein the step of performing a multi-RAT capability negotiation process comprises a step of transmitting control information that represents at least one quality-of-service (QoS) class to the first base station, and the at least one QoS class is selected among a plurality of QoS classes which are defined according to at least one QoS parameter value.
Patent WO-2013027950-A2 (WO)
Inventor: OH BYUNG TAE
IPC: H04N7/26
Filed: 2012-08-09
Abstract: La présente invention concerne un appareil et un procédé de codage/décodage d'une image de profondeur à l'aide de paramètres de quantification variables. L'appareil de codage peut extraire une image de haute qualité même avec une quantité de bits identique par réglage de manière variable de paramètres de quantification pour chaque bloc d'une image de profondeur.
Patent WO-2018182218-A2 (WO)
Title: 실록산계 도료를 이용한 도로 표지체 조성물 및 도로표지체
Inventor: LEE CHANG KIL
IPC: C09D5/33
Filed: 2018-03-19
Abstract: 본 발명은 도장 대상물(도로상면, 터널벽면, 콘크리트구조물)에 보호층, 투명층, 비드, 및 반사층을 형성함으로써, 시인성이 양호하고, 내구성 및 불연성이 우수한 실록산계 도료를 이용한 도로 표지체 조성물 및 도로표지체에 관한 것으로, 도장 대상물 상에 형성되어, 상기 도장 대상물을 보호하고 색상을 연출하기 위해 형성되는 보호층(120, 220)과, 상기 보호층(120, 220) 상에 형성되어 부착력을 강화시키기 위해 형성되는 투명층(130, 230)과, 상기 투명층(130, 230) 상에 분포되어 내부에서 굴절 광원의 방향으로 빛을 재귀 반사시키기 위한 비드(140, 240), 및 상기 투명층(130, 230)과 비드(140, 240) 상에 형성되어 공기 중의 습기에 반응하여 실리카 피막을 형성하는 반사층(150, 250)으로 이루어진다.
Patent WO-2008020744-A2 (WO)
Inventor: VOLKOV GEORGIY
IPC: A61K35/58
Filed: 2006-08-30
Abstract: The invention relates to producing bioactive substances and can be used for biotechnological production processes, in medicine and in the pharmacological industry, in particular to producing medicinal and diagnosis preparations from snake venom. The inventive method consists in carrying affinity chromatography prior to a fractional chromatography in two steps on a column with a Source 15S carrier by using, at a first step, a sodium carbonate solution with a pH of 6.5-6.6 in the form of a 0.19-0.21 M buffer solution and said solution with a concentration of 0.31-0.33M in the form of an eluent, in diluting 4-5 times the thus obtained eleuent with distilled water and in re-chromatographing on a column with the same carrier but less by 10 times in volume by using a sodium carbonate solution with a pH of 5.0-5.2 in the form of a 0.045-0.55 M buffer solution and the same solution with a concentration of 0.95-1.05M and a pH of 6.4-6.6 in the form of an eleuent, and in carrying out fractional chromatography of the thus obtained eluent on A Superdex 75 with a 0.19-0.21 ammonium bicarbonate solution with a pH of 6.4-6.6.
Patent WO-2013183988-A2 (WO)
Title: Dispositif doseur
Inventor: BRENNINKMEIJER WOUTER
IPC: A01C7/04
Filed: 2013-06-05
Abstract: La présente invention a trait à un dispositif doseur qui est conçu pour des terres agricoles et qui est doté d'un dosage de haute précision de produits en granulés (30), tels que des semences ou des granulés d'engrais; lequel dispositif doseur comprend un réservoir de stockage (31) et un disque de dosage rotatif (32), à savoir une roue à alvéoles, lequel disque de dosage est équipé sur sa surface d'enveloppe extérieure (33) de chambres de dosage (34), à savoir de cellules permettant de recevoir le produit en granulés (30) en provenance du réservoir de stockage (31) et de distribuer, à savoir de doser, les produits; une brosse circulaire est prévue et tourne lors de l'utilisation dans la même direction que le disque de dosage (32).
Patent WO-2010082859-A2 (WO)
Title: Insert filtrant d'aquarium et bioréacteur d'aquarium avec insert filtrant
Inventor: KACZOR MAREK
Filed: 2010-01-15
Abstract: L'invention concerne un bioréacteur d'aquarium destiné à traiter l'eau dans l'environnement aqueux d'un aquarium, comportant un insert filtrant sous gravier, qui détermine la zone sous gravier reliée à un passage amenant de l'eau et la renvoyant au-dessus du lit, avantageusement avec introduction d'air dans l'eau, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un lit préliminaire (7) et un lit final situé au-dessus de celui-ci, le lit préliminaire (7) étant constitué d'une couche de gravier ou de sable et le lit final étant constitué d'une structure rigide autoporteuse comportant des conduits constituant la zone de vie biologique. La structure rigide autoporteuse comportant des conduits est constituée d'une plaque cohérente (4), (104), (204) de charbon de bois. La plaque peut constituer un insert filtrant autonome.
Patent WO-2010044689-A2 (WO)
Title: Procédés de criblage intégrés pour identifier des modulateurs de minéralisation et modulateurs identifiés à partir de ceux-ci
Inventor: FONSECA MARIA LEONOR QUINTAIS CANCELA DA
IPC: G01N33/50
Filed: 2009-10-16
Abstract: L'invention concerne, sous certains aspects, des procédés d’identification de modulateurs de minéralisation. Sous d'autres aspects, l'invention concerne des modulateurs de minéralisation identifiés à l'aide des procédés décrits par les présentes.
Patent WO-2014031037-A2 (WO)
Title: Система магнитогидродинамического генерирования электроэнергии
Inventor: GLUMOV FEDOR KAMILIEVICH
Filed: 2013-08-19
Abstract: ﻿Относится к области электроэнергетики и может быть использовано для создания систем магнитогидродинамического (МГД) генерирования электроэнергии на основе МГД-генераторов, вырабатывающих электрическую энергию в десятки или сотни кВт. Задача: упрощение конструкции, повышение мощности и снижение себестоимости генерируемой электроэнергии. Система магнитогидродинамического генерирования электроэнергии содержит как минимум два МГД-генератора, каждый из которых содержит корпус 1(7), выполненный в виде сопла Лаваля, как минимум одну форсунку 2(8) для подачи води или водяного пара на вход этого сопла, пьезоэлемент для образования водяного пара, электроды 3(9) для создания высоковольтной дуги, установленные во входной части сопла Лаваля, магнитную систему 4(10), средство 5, (11) съема электрического тока, расположенные в области расширяющейся части сопла Лаваля, дополнительную форсунку 6(12) для подачи воды или водяного пара. При этом МГД-генераторы установлены последовательно гак, что в процессе работы системы рабочее тело, выходящее из расширяющейся части сопла Лапаля 1 предшествующего МГД-генератора, поступает на вход сопла Лаваля 7 последующего МГД-генератора, а средство 5 съема электрического тока предшествующего МГД-генератора электрически связано с электродами 9 для создания высоковольтной дуги последующего МГД-генератора и электромагнитом магнитной системы 10 последующего МГД-генератора.
Patent WO-2022245247-A2 (WO)
Inventor: Zubenko Pavel Konstantinovich
Filed: 2022-04-27
Abstract: There is claimed a positioning automation device for small antenna systems, comprising a display, a keyboard, a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) module, an internal memory unit, a positioner/processor and a power supply, designed in a single case, therein the keyboard and the GNSS module are directly connected to the positioner/processor displaying the information, and all the device units are connected to one internal power supply. The device case has an external connector to which a three-axis compass with tilt compensation and a received signal strength sensor are connected, designed as one integral unit with a possibility of its mounting on the antenna system. The technical result is ease of operation and, as a consequence, provision of quick pointing of a satellite antenna, or several satellite antennas of small aperture in elevation and azimuth.
Patent TR-2021009233-A2 (TR)
Title: Prolene (polypropylen) hapti̇k
Inventor: SELİM GENÇ
IPC: G02B15/163
Filed: 2021-06-04
Abstract: Buluş, göz hastalıkları ve cerrahisinde göz içi lens veya diğer implantların intraskleral fiksasyonları için kullanılan ve skleraya geçtikten sonra lens optiğinin göz içine yerleştirilerek santralize edilmesini sağlayan 6/0 prolene (polypropylen) malzemeden mamul haptik ile ilgilidir
Patent TR-2021020670-A2 (TR)
Title: Ki̇şi̇ye özel şarki oluşturulmasini sağlayan bi̇r si̇stem
Inventor: MUHAMMED YASİN YILDIRIM
IPC: G10H1/00
Filed: 2021-12-22
Abstract: Bu buluş, kullanıcıların müzik dinleme uygulamalarındaki (3) dinleme verilerinin analiz edilerek kişiye özel yeni bir şarkı bestelenmesini sağlayan bir sistem (1) ile ilgilidir.
Patent WO-2022005437-A2 (WO)
Title: Cylinder piston end cap and lock mechanism at full safe load that can be integrated into hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders
Inventor: OZEL ALI
Filed: 2021-07-01
Abstract: This invention is about the lock mechanism which prevents the oil inside the cylinder to leak back because of wear, cut or blast that may occur on the hoses used in hydraulic and pneumatic piston systems its' characteristics is having; a body (1) in a cylindrical form, a second coupling (3) that enables the fluid inside the body (1) to enter-exit the casing inside the hydraulic cylinder (H) and move towards +x and -x in a way to make the cylinder shaft to move forward and backward, a lock-casing (5) located inside the body with the screw threads on it and including a semispherical housing at the end, a pin lock (8) located in the semispherical housing at the end of the lock-casing (5) and moves toward +y and -y inside this housing in a way to allow the fluid flowing through this casing to enter and exit, an unlocking pin (4) that enables the pin lock (8) to move toward +y and forms a semispherical shape at the end, a lock spring (7) located inside the lock-casing (5) in a way to enable the pin lock (8) to move toward -y with compression force, a pin spring (6) that enables the unlocking pin (4) to move toward -y with compression force, a first coupling (2) that enables the fluid to be transferred and sent back to the pressure gap (B) in a way to allow the unlocking pin (4) to move toward +y and an end cap (9) that prevents the oil to leak out from the pressure gap (B) at the back of the body (1).
Patent TR-2022001322-A2 (TR)
Title: Glutensiz Una ve Ekmeğe Etnobotanik Bir Alternatif ?Paliurus spina ? christi P.Mill. (Karaçalı) Bitkisi?
Inventor: ERDEM YARAY
IPC: A23L29/00
Filed: 2022-02-02
Abstract: Buluş, piyasada satışa sunulan glutensiz gıdaların yetersizliği ve pahalı olması, glutensiz gıda ihtiyacı olan ama mevcut glutensiz gıdaların ihtiyacı karşılayamamasından dolayı yaşanılan olumsuzlukları aza indirebilmek için ekonomik ve kolay temin edilebilen alternatif bir bitkiden elde edilebilecek glutensiz ürünlerin yapılması ilgilidir. Buluş, literatürde olan diğer çalışmalardan farklı olarak literatürde olmayan ve etnobotanik bir alternatif olarak karşımıza çıkan Rhamnaceae familyasından Paliurus spina christi P. Mill. (Karaçalı) bitkisiyle daha önce yapılmayan glutensiz ürünlere yönelik bir çalışma ile ilgilidir. Buluşun un numunesinde deneysel yöntemler kullanılarak gluten analizi ile besin ve içerik analizi yaptırılmıştır. Buluşun, 5ppm?den düşük gluten içeriği, yüksek besin değeri ve yüksek diyet lif oranı, Karaçalı bitkisinin ideal bir glutensiz alternatif gıda olacağını, çölyak hastalarının ihtiyacı olan ucuz ve bulunması kolay bir un olarak kullanılabileceğini, aynı zamanda glisemik indeksinin de düşük olmasından dolayı sadece çölyak hastalarının değil diyabet ve obezite hastaları için de diyet beslenme açısından büyük bir ihtiyacı karşılayabileceği belirlenmiştir.
Patent TR-2022002164-A2 (TR)
Title: Grafen oksi̇t yüksek mi̇ktarli üreti̇m yöntemi̇
Inventor: ÖZLEM AĞAÇ
IPC: C01B32/198
Filed: 2022-02-18
Abstract: Buluş, uzay ve havacılık, biyoteknoloji, savunma sanayii, otomotiv gibi alanlarda kullanılmak üzere grafen oksit (GO) gibi karbon bazlı malzemelerin yüksek ölçekli üretimleri ile ilgilidir. Özellikle; çevreye zararlı ve patlayıcı bir kimyasal olan sodyum nitratın (NaNO3) prosedürden çıkarılması, üretim yönteminde sıcaklık uygulanmaması, çevreye duyarlı ve yıkama adımı yüksek miktarda üretim yöntemine uygun olarak çapraz akışlı yıkama sisteminin kullanılması, kolaylıkla üretim miktarının doğrusal olarak artırılabilmesi ve yıkama adımında şebeke suyunun kullanılması adımlarını içeren bir yöntem ile ilgilidir.
Patent WO-2004075046-A2 (WO)
Inventor: TREMBLAY MARC
IPC: G06F9/38
Filed: 2004-02-06
Abstract: Dans un mode de réalisation de cette invention, on prévoit un système facilitant le démarquage sélectif de lignes cache à marque de charge pendant l'exécution d'un programme transactionnelle, les lignes étant surveillées pendant l'exécution transactionnelle afin de détecter l'interférence des accès provenant d'autres filières. Pendant l'opération, le système se trouve face à une instruction de mise à jour pendant l'exécution transactionnelle d'un bloc d'instructions. En réponse à l'instruction de mise à jour, le système modifie l'état des lignes cache, qui présentent de manière spécifique des marques de charge, afin d'indiquer qu'elles peuvent être mises à jour à partir du monitorage, afin de reconnaître l'instruction de mise à jour rencontrée. Ce faisant, le système peut démarquer potentiellement les lignes cache à marque de charge. Dans un autre mode de réalisation, après la rencontre d'une instruction d'une nouvelle transaction de validation et démarrage, le système modifie les lignes afin de rendre compte de l'instruction de nouvelles transactions de validation et démarrage. Ce faisant, le système démarque les lignes à marque de charge normale, alors que d'autres lignes à marque de charge spéciale peuvent rester marquées par la charge après l'instruction de nouvelles transactions de validation et démarrage.
Patent WO-2004071785-A2 (WO)
Title: Emballage de donnees presente sous un format de livre
Inventor: GELARDI TATIANA L
IPC: G11B33/04
Filed: 2004-02-12
Abstract: L'invention concerne un emballage de type livre permettant de renfermer, protéger et afficher des produits, tels que des dispositifs d'enregistrement de données. L'emballage selon l'invention présente une couverture de type livre dotée d'éléments graphiques imprimés sur celle-ci. La couverture entoure des plateaux en plastique rigide empilés de manière à ressembler à des pages d'un livre. Les plateaux en plastique rigide renferment des disques compacts, des DVD, des brochures informatives et d'autres matériaux au niveau des surfaces avant et/ou arrière. L'emballage peut être conçu selon les dimensions souhaitées par simple ajout de plateaux supplémentaires et augmentation de la largeur d'un dos souple. Celui-ci se trouve entre les couvertures avant et arrière de l'emballage. Un liant adhésif fixe les plateaux rigides au dos souple. Le liant est ensuite chauffé à environ 150 °C de manière à le durcir et le stabiliser. Une fois le liant chauffé, les plateaux rigides sont adhérés de manière permanente aux couvertures du livre.