Patent GB-777216-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in catalysts useful in the preparation of polyesters
IPC: C08G63/85
Filed: 1953-10-02
Abstract: Polyesters are made by condensing a dicarboxylic acid ester with a polyhydroxy compound (or an ester thereof) in presence of a catalyst of formulm 9: MH(Ti(OR)6), M2(Ti(OR)6), M1(HTi(OR)6)2 or M1(Ti(OR)6) where M is an alkali metal, M1 is magnesium, calcium or strontium and R is an alkyl group containing 1-6 carbon atoms.  Preferably there are condensed under substantially anhydrous conditions (1) an aromatic dicarboxylic acid diester of formula: R1OOC-R2-X-R3-COOR4 where R1 and R4 each represents an alkyl radical containing 1-10 carbon atoms or an o -hydroxyalkyl radical containing 2-12 carbon atoms, R2 and R3 each represents (CH2)n-1 where n is 1-5 and X represents a divalent radical of formula: <FORM:0777216/IV(a)/1> and <FORM:0777216/IV(a)/2> where Y represents a divalent radical of formula: <FORM:0777216/IV(a)/3> and <FORM:0777216/IV(a)/4> where m represents 1-5 with (2) a dihydroxy compound or an ester thereof of formulm 9: R5-O-(CH2)p-O-R6 R5O(-R7-O)q-R7-OR6 where p is 2-12, R5 and R6 each represent a hydrogen atom or an acyl radical containing 2-4 carbon atoms, R7 is an alkylene radical containing 2-4 carbon atoms and q is 1-10; the reaction being performed (a) at an elevated temperature which is increased gradually during the course of the condensation up to about 225-310 DEG  C., (b) is an inert atmosphere and (c) at a very low pressure (preferably less than 15 mm. of Hg) during the latter part of the condensation.  Many dihydroxy compounds and dicarboxylic acid diesters falling within the above formulm 9 are specified.  Condensation may be performed in presence of a solvent, e.g. diphenyl ether, diphenyl, mixed tolyl sulphones, chlorinated naphthalene, chlorinated diphenyl or dimethyl sulpholane.  Part of the aromatic diester may be replaced by an ester of an aliphatic acid, e.g. carbonic, oxalic, succinic, adipic, sebacic, a  : a -dimethylglutaric, diglycollic, b -oxydipropionic, g -oxydibutyric, maleic, fumaric or itaconic. Other esters may be included, e.g. those of linoleic acid or linolenic acid or the fatty acids of linseed oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil or tung oil.  Part of the dihydroxy compound may be replaced by a polyhydroxy compound containing three or more hydroxy groups, e.g. glycerol, sorbitol, pentaerythritol, dipertaerythritol, b -methyl glycerol, 2-methyl-2 - (hydroxy methyl) - 1 : 3 - propanediol or 1 : 2 : 4-trihydroxybutane.  When employing these polyhydroxy compounds and/or esters of unsaturated acids, the condensation is preferably terminated at about 250 DEG  C. and before pressure is reduced whereby soluble polyesters are produced suitable for use in coating compositions.  In examples polyesters are obtained by heating together (1) the dibutyl ester of p : p1-sulphonyl dibenzoic acid and 1 : 6-hexanediol. (2) The diethyl ester of p : p1-sulphonyl dibenzoic acid and 1 : 5-pentanediol.  (3) Dimethyl sebacate, the dibutyl ester of p : p1-sulphonyl dibenzoic acid and 1 : 6-hexanediol. (4) Dimethyl isophthalate, the diethyl ester of p : p1-sulphonyl dibenzoic acid and 1 : 5-pentane diol.  (5) Dimethyl terephthalate and ethylene glycol.  (6) The dibutyl ester of p : p1-sulphonyl dibenzoic acid and diethylene glycol until the evolution of butyl alcohol ceased, followed by the addition of glycerine and maleic anhydride and further heating; the product may be baked with benzoyl peroxide or manganese or cobalt salts to form an insoluble film.  (7) The diethyl ester of p : p1-sulphonyl dibenzoic acid, dimethyl terephthalate and tetramethylene glycol.  (8) The dibutyl ester of p : p1-sulphonyl dibenzoic acid, a  : a -dimethyl glutaric acid dimethyl ester and tetramethylene glycol.  (9) The dibutyl ester of p : p1-sulphonyl dibenzoic acid, a  : a -dimethyl glutaric acid dimethyl ester and ethylene glycol.  (10) The diethyl ester of p : p1-sulphonyl dibenzoic acid, diethyl carbonate and hexamethylene or octamethylene glycol.  (11) Diethyl carbonate and pentamethylene glycol.  (12) The dibutyl ester of p : p1-sulphonyl dibenzoic acid, diethyl succinate and tetramethylene glycol.  (13) The dibutyl ester of p : p1-sulphonyl dibenzoic acid, diethyl azeleate and butanediol-1 : 4.  (14) The dibutyl ester of p : p1-sulphonyl dibenzoic acid, the ditetramethylene glycol ester of diglycollic acid and tetramethylene glycol.  (15) The dibutyl ester of p : p1-sulphonyl dibenzoic acid, diethylene glycol and pentamethylene glycol.  (16) The diethyl ester of p : p1-sulphonyl dibenzoic acid, dimethyl isophthalate and pentamethylene glycol.  (17) The diethyl ester of p : p1-sulphonyl dibenzoic acid, and hexamethylene glycol.  (18) The dibutyl ester of p : p1-sulphonyl dibenzoic acid and 1 : 6-hexanediol.  (19) The diethyl ester of p : p1-sulphonyl dibenzoic acid and 1 : 5-pentanediol.  (20) The dibutyl ester of p : p1-sulphonyl dibenzoic acid, dimethyl sebacate and 1 : 6-hexanediol.  (21) The diethyl ester of p : p1-sulphonyl dibenzoic acid, dimethyl isophthalate and 1 : 5-pentanediol.  (22) and (23) Dimethyl terephthalate and ethylene glycol.  (24) p : p1-Dicarbethoxydiphenyl methane and ethylene glycol.  (25) p : p-Dicarbmethoxybenzophenone and tetramethylene glycol.  (26) 1 : 2-bis-(p-carbopropoxyphenyloxy) ethane and ethylene glycol.  Some of the polyesters of the examples are soluble in phenol, tetrachloroethane, dioxane, g -butyrolactone, ethylene carbonate, sulpholane or dimethyl sulpholane and are useful for making fibres, for injection moulding, for extrusion into films, sheets, rods and tubes, for a photographic film base and for electrical insulation. Specifications 744,975, 777,217, 777,218, 777,219 and 777,220 are referred to.