Patent GB-683767-A (GB)
Title: Method of building construction
IPC: F23C3/00
Filed: 1949-06-15
Abstract: 683,767. Buildings made from prefabricated elements; walls, floors, roofs. CAMUS, R. F. E. June 15, 1949 [June 16, 1948; May 25, 1949], Nos. 15992/49 and 15993/49. Classes 20(i) and 20(iv) A building is erected from precast concreteframed slabs each of which provides a wall for a single room and includes the necessary fittings such as doors, window frames, flues and conduits for piping and electric wiring. Adjacent vertical edges of the slabs, with or without additional temporary or permanent shuttering, define a space into which reinforcing members from the slabs project. After the introduction of vertical reinforceing members, concrete is poured into this space and the resulting pillars provide a vertical skeleton for the building. Additional outside walls are formed from similar slabs, but the outside joints do not necessarily coincide with those between rooms. Similar pre-cast slabs provide a complete floor or ceiling for each room and slabs of a similar size are used for making the roof. Casting a wall slab. An outer mould, Fig. 27, comprising smooth base and angle irons 215...218 is adjusted to the proper size and after the door frame has been put in position, facing material, e.g. plaster, is poured into the depth of wooden members 222. When this has set, an inner mould, Figs. 29, 30, for locating the reinforcing rods 232, 233 is put in position with the rods projecting where necessary through slots 237 in the outer mould. The space between the moulds is filled with concrete and the inner mould with light concrete and the outer mould is then removed. Subsequently, a facing layer is put on if desired. Design of wall slabs. These may be cast with a facing of brick-like tiles, Fig. 37 (not shown), or so as to incorporate timber framing, Fig. 38 (not shown). As shown in Figs. 65, 66, the slabs may consist of reinforced concrete framing filled in with hollow blocks or blocks with tubular airspaces. A slab with lined flues is shown in Fig. 50. Erecting walls and casting supporting pillars. The lower edges of the cellar slabs are embedded in the concrete foundation. All the slabs have loops of reinforcement projecting at the sides and, in building, they are arranged so as to form a recess in which concrete is poured after vertical reinforcing rods have been arranged to lock the loops from the slabs together. Fig. 47 shows the junction between two outer wall slabs 330, 331, to inner wall slabs 332, 333 and a partition slab 334. Asphalted felt 342, 343 is provided to improve heat and sound insulation at the junction. Similar joints for different situations are illustrated in Figs. 39 to 46 (not shown). When the pillar formed by the above methods, in which no shuttering other than the slab surfaces is used, would be of too small a cross-section, arrangements are made by the use of a small amount of shuttering to give a pillar of larger cross-section. Examples of this are shown in Figs. 63, 64 in which 491 represents permanent reinforced concrete shuttering and 510, 511 represent wooden shuttering. Similar expedients and also arrangements for dealing with external corners are illustrated by Figs. 70, 71 and 73 to 76 (not shown). In Fig. 72 the slabs are offset so as to provide a pillar of any desired cross-section withbut additional shuttering. Flue slabs. To obtain a smoke-tight joint, the flue slabs, Fig. 50, are formed so that after a connecting piece 372 has been cemented between upper and lower slabs, plaster can be poured in at 382, 383. Floors and ceilings. A ceiling slab, Figs. 20, 21, comprises a reinforced concrete frame with a suitable facing. Recesses which expose the reinforcement are used for uniting adjacent slabs. The slabs 390, 391 are anchored to reinforcement of the wall slabs e.g. 40 as shown in Fig. 51. The floor slab, which is placed on the ceiling slab, is of reinforced concrete with any desired floor surface. Modified ceiling slabs 640, 617, 654 consisting of frameworks filled in with hollow blocks or blocks with tubular air spaces are shown in Figs. 65, 66. Roofs. Figs. 24...26 show a roof slab. Adjacent slabs are joined with the aid of the recesses shown. The slab is stepped at the ridge end to provide a channel for a concrete seal and has a groove at the other end to act as a gutter. The sides also are stepped to enable a weather tight concrete seal to be made. Windows. As shown in Figs. 65, 66 the window frame 628 is carried by the outer wall slab which has projecting portions on each side of the window. The inner wall slab has a lined hole giving access to the window, the lining being sealed to the window frame by a frame 636 of beading.