baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1284087-A (GB)
Title: Preparation of silica gels
IPC: B01J21/08
Filed: 1969-08-05
Abstract: 1284087 Silica gel NATIONAL DISTILLERS & CHEMICAL CORP 5 Aug 1969 [11 Oct 1968] 39241/69 Heading C1A A silica gel is produced by a process which comprises (a) precipitating a silica hydrogel by reducing the pH of an aqueous solution of sodium silicate to provide a silica hydrogel slurry having an SiO 2  concentration of from 5 to 12% by weight and a pH of from 3 to 8, the temperature during the precipitation being maintained between 0 and 10 C.; (b) heating the product of step (a) at a pH of from 3-8 and at a temperature of from 50 to 100 C. for from 1 to 6 hours; (c) washing the product of step (b) to remove sodium until the filtrate contains less than 20 p.p.m. by wt. of sodium salt, (d) adding an organic liquid which forms an azeotrope with water, (e) distilling said azeotropic mixture so as to separate the water from the gel, and (f) removing the excess organic liquid from the resulting gel. The precipitation in step (a) may be achieved by reducing the pH of an aqueous solution of sodium silicate with an acid or an ion exchange resin. If desired, the first 40% of the required amount of pH reducing agent is added over a period of from 30-120, preferably 60 minutes and the balance is added during a subsequent period of from 20-90 minutes, preferably 45 minutes. The concentration of silica in the hydrogel is preferably 8-9%. The temperature during step (a) is preferably 5 C. and that during step (b) 90 C. The preferred pH range is 5 to 7 and step (b) is conducted for about 4 hours. The washing in step (c) may be accomplished using a solution of aluminium chloride, aluminium sulphate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, HCl or H 2 SO 4 . If desired, the gel may be comminuted to a particle size less than 200 microns before step (d), and the dried gel may be calcined at a temperature from 260-650 C. The organic liquid added in step (d) may be added in an amount in excess of that required to provide an azeotropic mixture. The azeotropic mix may be refluxed for 0À5 to 2 hours and distilled so that the total process time is between 5 and 20 hours. Alternatively, the organic liquid may be added in an amount less than that required to provide an azeotropic mixture, the liquid being continuously recycled after decantation of water from the distilled azeotropic mixture. The above process may be used to prepare a gel which is stable at temperatures up to 1100 C. in a fluidized bed, and which has a surface area of 200-500 m.<SP>2</SP>/gm., the majority of this surface area being provided by pores having a pore diameter from 300-600 . Many possible liquids are listed.
Patent GB-1481436-A (GB)
Title: Method and apparatus for exploration of the forefield in the course of working of coal-seams
IPC: G01V1/00
Filed: 1974-09-10
Abstract: 1481436 Acoustical inspection apparatus RUHRKOHLE AG 10 Sept 1974 [12 Sept 1973]  39366/74 Heading G1G The Specification describes a method and apparatus for the exploration of the forefield in the course of working coal seams in mines comprising generating simultaneously, a number of monochromatic coherent audible sound impulses which are focused into the coal seam as a sound ray with a lobar radiation pattern, and detecting and measuring the echo times of reflections from boundary surfaces. The apparatus 6 is arranged at the coal face 5, and comprises pulse generator 7 to feed pulses through individual phase shifters 15 to transmitting transducers 9, arranged spatially at a pitch of (2n+1) #/4 where # is the acoustic wavelength in the seam, to produce lobe pattern 12. It is stated that the low frequency monochromatic pulses suffer low attenuation and are only reflected from discontinuities having an orthogonal surface component to the beam direction. The phase differences applied to the separate TX transducers 9 may be varied to produce a variation in or scanning of the beam direction and conversely, the echo signals may be received directionally by RX transducers 10, arranged at a pitch of 2n#/ 4 , to the same effect. The echo time is measured in device 11 and may be displayed, e.g. on an oscilloscope, recorded, or stored for display on a storage screen.
Patent GB-904951-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for creating the illusion of an image in space which is visible from all sides
Inventor: SCHMIDT WILHELM
IPC: G02B27/22
Filed: 1958-12-08
Abstract: 904,951. Changing displays. LICHTPLASTIK G.m.b.H. Dec. 8, 1958, No. 39471/58. Class 3 (1). [Also in Group XX] An apparatus, suitable for advertising, for creating the illusion of an image in space, comprises a rotatable prismatic hollow body visible from all sides with a slot extending parallel to the axis of rotation in which a transparency bearing an image is placed, the image being compressed in a direction transverse to the axis of rotation to produce a correctly proportioned illusory image ; and a stationary light source at the centre of the hollow body for illuminating the transparency. As shown, a stationary lamp 3, mounted on a base 1, illuminates one or more transparencies 29 mounted behind slits 30 in cylinders 18 in a hollow prismatic body. The cylinders 18 are rotatable about a vertical axis. In order that only one transparency may be illuminated at one time the light source is surrounded by a rotatable cylinder 16 having a slit 17. The indexing of the transparencies is performed by means of a rotatable maltese cross fixed to the cylinder 16 which is rotated intermittently by means of a cam 27 operated by a two-pronged gear 22 and a cam 21 which in turn is rotated by a pulley 19 on a motor shaft and a pulley 20 mounted rotatably on the hub of the support 10 of cylinder 18. Support 10 is rotatable by means of pulleys 11 and 14, the diameter of pulley 11 being slightly larger than that of pulley 20. The plate 8 which supports plate 10 and the electric motor 15 is connected by springs 6 to a base 1, 4. Various type of cylinders 18 are described which differ from those in Fig. 3 in the number and position of the slots 30. In particular, parts of the cylinder may be formed from a translucent material so that the transparencies appear to be framed. The compressed transparencies may be formed by making a distorted image of a correctly proportioned object having an oblique angle between the objective axis and the plane containing the object and photographing the distorted image at the same angle of obliquity but in mirror symmetry to the former.
Patent GB-1383708-A (GB)
Title: Radio frequency semiconductor device
Inventor: BOLES T E
IPC: H01L29/00
Filed: 1972-08-24
Abstract: 1383708 Semi-conductor devices RCA CORPORATION 24 Aug 1972 [1 Sept 1971] 39538/72 Heading H1K A semi-conductor device, e.g. an RF overlay transistor, comprises a semi-conductor body having a first region of first conductivity type and a second region of second. conductivity type adjacent the first region and extending to the body surface, a highly conductive grid-like third region formed of second conductivity type or intermetallic material extending into the second region from the surface and a highly resistive second conductivity type region disposed between, and in contact with, both the first region and the highly conductive third region. As shown in the Si body 32, the first region of the transistor forms the collector and comprises highly conductive (N<+>) substrate 38 and highly resistive (N-) region 40, and the second region is formed by P-type base region 42. A number of emitter segments 44 extend into the base region 42, and the third region is a highly conductive (P<+> as shown) grid 48 surrounding each emitter segment 44 which extends through base region 42 and into collector region 40. Extending between the grid 48 and the collector region 40 is a highly resistive P- grid 50, which is more resistive than both the base region 42 and the grid 48 and which forms a high-low junction with the grid 48. Layer thicknesses are given in the example. In an alternative embodiment, Fig. 3 (not shown), the highly conductive grid extending into the base region is formed of an intermetallic material such as platinum silicide or palladium silicide. The arrangement reduces the number of "shorts" between the highly conductive grid and the base-collector junction and gives a lower and more. linear output capacitance.
Patent GB-932694-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to containers and opening arrangements therefor
Inventor: MACHIN NOEL GORDON
IPC: B65D75/36
Filed: 1959-11-21
Abstract: 932,694. Packages; cartons; opening arrangements. GORDONIA PACKAGING Ltd. Feb. 8, 1961 [Nov. 21, 1959], No. 39584/59. Classes 18 and 94(1). A carton comprises a body portion, divided into two parts 6, 7, attached to a backing member 1, 2 constructed to bend about a line BK parallel to the division so as to separate the two parts 6, 7. The two parts 6, 7 of the vacuum formed plastics body have flanges 8 and the backing member 1, 2 may comprise a single sheet of cardboard folded in half or two separate sheets, in either case the contacting surfaces being coated with heat activated adhesive. The upper sheet 2 is cut along MLEFGHNO to present a flap 3 which is bent back to allow the insertion of the body parts 6, 7 the flanges 8 coming into contact with the adhesive covered side of the sheet 2. After insertion of the contents, the flap 3 is pushed back into place and the lower sheet 1 is sealed to the upper by heat and pressure. Further cuts CDE and HIJ in the upper sheet 2 allow the backing member 1, 2 to be bent back about a score line BK to open the container, the two small flap portions 4, 5 formed by the cuts being stripped from the lower sheet 1. After removal of part of the contents the container may be reclosed.
Patent GB-1015995-A (GB)
Title: Means for regulating the moisture content of sand
IPC: G01N27/04
Filed: 1962-10-19
Abstract: 1,015,995. Determining moisture content. ALLMANNA SVENSKA ELEKTRISKA A. B. Oct. 19, 1962 [Aug. 8, 1962], No. 39604/62. Heading G1N. The resistance between electrodes in a batch of sand is compared with a variable resistance dependent on the quantity of water in a dosing container by a circuit which includes a temperature compensating thermistor responsive to the temperature of the sand. In Fig.3 the resistance between electrodes 3 in a batch of sand is dependent on the moisture content of the sand. Water is admitted to a tank (not shown) in which a rising float adjusts a non-linear rheostat 10. When the quantity of water bears a desired relationship to the moisture content of the sand, the bridge circuit shown becomes balanced and a relay 16 is de-energized to close an electromagnetically operated valve admitting water to the tank. The quantities of sand and water are then such that when mixed, sand of a desired moisture content results. A suitably insulated and protected thermistor 1311 immersed in the sand, is connected in the bridge circuit to compensate for temperature variations of the sand. A variable resistor 13<SP>1</SP> may be adjusted to give over-compensation to allow for moisture losses in the sand during its transit to a foundry.
Patent GB-860427-A (GB)
Title: Power steering mechanism
IPC: B62D5/24
Filed: 1958-12-11
Abstract: 860,427. Vehicle power steering. BENDIX CORPORATION. Dec. 11, 1958 [Jan. 7, 1958], No. 40016/58. Addition to 842,069. Class 79(5). A valve 68 controlling the operation of a hydraulic cylinder 40 connected to a vehicle steering gear is actuated by a member 86 connected by resilient means 88, 90 with a pair of members 76, 82 secured, respectively,. to a driveroperated steering shaft 12 and a driven shaft 14. The resilient means 88, 90 consist of oppositely inclined spring struts which cause the member 86 to move axially when the steering force is sufficient to cause relative rotation between the members 76, 82. The member 86 is welded or riveted to a rod 92 in threaded engagement with the valve 68 while the members 76 and 82 are secured by set screws 78 and 84 to their respective shafts, the shaft 14 being connected by an hour glass worm 16, a roller sector gear 20 and a rock shaft 22 with a pitman 28. A tongue 96 and a groove 98 provide a lostmotion connection between, the shafts 12 and 14 to permit the vehicle to be steered manually in the event of a power failure.
Patent GB-1473986-A (GB)
Title: Insulating vessel
IPC: A47J41/02
Filed: 1975-09-30
Abstract: 1473986 Vacuum flasks A ZIMMERMANN 30 Sept 1975 [2 Oct 1974] 40040/75 Heading F4U To compensate for variations in the length of vacuum glass inserts 1, the casing of a vacuum flask comprises upper and base parts 2, 3 which are screwed together by respective external and internal threads 12, 13 and that portion of the external thread 12 which is not covered by the smaller length of the thread 13 is covered by a cover ring 14 having a short internal thread 15. Before the base 3 which has bosses 5 thereon for supporting the glass insert 1 is screwed on to the part 2, the cover ring 14 is screwed on to the thread 12 and comprises an annular wall section 16 which extends downwardly, substantially aligned with the external diameter of the upper part 2.
Patent GB-1215162-A (GB)
Title: 9,11-oxido-steroids
IPC: C07J75/00
Filed: 1967-11-28
Abstract: 1,215,162. Epoxysteroid orthoesters. E. R. SQUIBB & SONS Inc. 28 Nov., 1967 [21 Dec., 1966], No. 40462/70. Divided out of 1,215,161. Heading C2U. Novel compounds of formula (wherein Y is C 1-8  alkyl and Z is a hydrocarbon radical) are prepared by reacting 9,11#-epoxycortexolone with an appropriate trialkyl orthoester. Compounds of the above formula are convertible into further products as described in Specifications 1,215,161 and 1,215,163.
Patent GB-1151097-A (GB)
Title: Three Dimensional Flexible Dovetail Honeycomb.
IPC: B31B3/00
Filed: 1966-09-12
Abstract: 1,151,097. Protective packaging. UNITED STATES ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION. 12 Sept., 1966 [22 Oct., 1965], No. 40636/66. Heading B8C. [Also in Divisions B5 and E1] A three-dimensionally flexible honeycomb structure comprises a number of layers 12-15 (Fig. 1), each deformed to provide parallel planar surfaces 16, 21 which register with the parallel surfaces of the adjacent layers, the layers being bonded together by strips of adhesive 23, between the registering surfaces, of a width not more than 50%, and preferably 30%, of the width of the registering surfaces. The honeycomb may be of the shape shown in Fig. 2. It may be used sandwiched between two surfaces of wood, metal, plastic or glass and may be used in packaging. The layers may be made of metal, cloth, impregnated cloth, plastic (e.g. polyethylene, P.V.C., or polyester) or, preferably, paper, and the adhesive may be a phenol-aldehyde resin.
Patent GB-1074476-A (GB)
Title: A photographic developing unit
IPC: G03D9/00
Filed: 1964-10-07
Abstract: 1,074,476. Photographic developing apparatus. M. HEMERY. Oct.7, 1964 [Oct. 11, 1963], No.40927/64. Heading G2A. In apparatus for developing a negative 16 and transferring the image so formed on to a metal plate 15, the negative and plate are aligned on a table 8 by means of an adjustable abutment 9 and strap 10, the plane of the table containing the line of contact of input rollers A, B, the roller A being lifted so as to allow the plate and negative to be fed into the developer. The plate passes under two rollers (3), (4) Fig. 3 (not shown) through a bath of developer liquid, while the negative passes above these two rollers which moisten its surface. The plate and negative pass out of the apparatus through rollers C, D, where image transference occurs, on to a table 38.
Patent GB-1131051-A (GB)
Title: Vehicle roofs
Inventor: BURRIDGE ANTHONY ARTHUR
IPC: B60J7/02
Filed: 1964-10-08
Abstract: 1,131,051. Vehicle roofs. WILMOT BREEDEN Ltd. 30 Dec., 1965 [8 Oct., 1964], No. 41039/64. Heading B7B. A vehicle roof comprises a pressed sheet metal panel 10 formed with a recess 11 forming an integral water tray in one piece with the roof panel and adjacent an opening 12 closable by a sliding panel (not shown), a separate cover being mounted over the water tray. In one embodiment, Figs. 1 and 2, the cover 14 has a flange 14a which seats in a marginal depression 13 of the recess 11 and houses captive nuts 15 by which the cover is detachably secured. A sealing strip 17 is provided on the depression 13. The unsupported edge of the cover 14 is reinforced by a bow 18 fitting in grooves in the sides of the water tray, and reinforcing strips 19 are attached to the cover. In another embodiment, the cover has a ribbed reinforcing panel attached thereto, to provide a double-skin construction. In a further embodiment, the roof panel and the cover comprise a glass fibre reinforced polyester resin, the free edge of the cover being reinforced by an embedded bowed metal strip.
Patent GB-1417294-A (GB)
Title: Demountable partitions and studs therefor
IPC: E04B2/78
Filed: 1973-08-31
Abstract: 1417294 Partitioning UNITED STATES GYPSUM CO 31 Aug 1973 [1 Sept 1972] 41171/73 Heading E1W A partition comprises two opposed rows 12, 14 of panels 16 and stud members 30, 40 each having means supporting an adjacent pair of panels in one of the two rows, a stud member 40 supporting the panels in one row enclosing most of a stud member 30 in the other row which stud member 30 abuts against the supporting means 42 of the enclosing member 40. The construction may be used together with partitioning as described in Specification No. 1349026 when the joints between adjacent panels in opposed rows occur opposite each other. The panels may be fixed to the studs by double sided adhesive tape 50 or by VELCRO (registered trade mark) tape adhered to each surface either intermittently or in a continuous line along the studs. The panels may be plasterboards conventionally fitted to floor and ceiling channels.
Patent GB-1353044-A (GB)
Title: Servomechanism
IPC: F15B13/043
Filed: 1971-09-03
Abstract: 1353044 Fluid-pressure servomotor systems W W TAYLOR 3 Sept 1971 [10 Sept 1970 1 June 1971] 41261/71 Heading G3P In a fluid-pressure servomotor, relay spools 24, 25, Fig.10, follow the movements imparted to a flapper arm 23, 124, Figs.2 and 3, by an input motor 22, the spool 24 controlling movement of a load 34 to the right while the spool 24 controls movement to the left. The spool 24 is reciprocably mounted in a sleeve 26 located in a bore 28 to provide a space 41 connected to a source of fluid under pressure, a space 49 connected to a return line, and spaces 45, 47 connected to opposite ends of the load through ports 32, 33. The spool 25 is similar to the spool 24 but is reversed in position. When the spools are moved to the right, the spool 25 does not provide any connection between the load and the supply and return lines, this connection being provided solely by the spool 24 which allows fluid to flow into the load from the space 41 and out of the load through spaces 45 and 49. Similarly, during leftward movement, the spool 25 provides the connection while the movement of the spool 24 has no effect. Each spool contains passages 68, 73, Figs. 13 and 14, which are angularly spaced from each other, supplied with fluid under pressure through orifices 70, 76 and discharge through nozzles 70, 71 against the flapper arm. A pressure difference is thus created between the ends of the spool when the flapper arm is moved from its null position so that the spool follows the movements of the arm. Screws 118, 119 enable the motor to be angularly adjusted on trunnions 108, 109 supported in V-shaped grooves 104 in a cylindrical block 101 which may be angularly adjusted about a vertical axis by a further pair of screws (not shown). This latter adjustment permits continuous centre flow through the spools to be adjusted to damp oscillation. The spools carry pins 910, 911, 912 and 913, Fig. 3 for engagement by the flapper arm 124 to prevent rotation. The details of the relay spools and sleeves are modified in a second embodiment to include an alternative arrangement of passages (406, 407) Fig. 31(not shown), within the spool and a dashpot (398) communicating with the passage (406) through a restriction (413) to prevent oscillation.
Patent GB-1355694-A (GB)
Title: Electrical bushing
IPC: H01B17/28
Filed: 1971-09-06
Abstract: 1355694 Bushing insulators WESTING- HOUSE ELECTRIC CORP 6 Sept 1971 [28 Oct 1970] 41424/71 Heading H2C Longitudinal and radial grading of voltage distribution in an electrical bushing is undertaken by condenser systems 52, 54, 56; each system being preferably of the axially divided type. Serial connection between each system is provided by axially continuous layers of conductive material. A single layer may be used or as shown 76, 78 and 88, 90 a double layer electrically connected as at 79 or 92 which acts as a cooling duct. A cooling duct 82 may also be provided between the central conductor 60 and the first condenser system. Oil cooling is used.
Patent GB-1047649-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in shaker hearth furnaces
Inventor: ELLIS CHARLES CLAYDON
IPC: F27B9/24
Filed: 1964-10-12
Abstract: 1,047,649. Continuous heat treatment furnaces. WILD BARFIELD Ltd. Oct. 7, 1965 [Oct. 12, 1964], No. 41529/64. Heading F4B. A continuous heat treatment furnace has a jigging tray 6 disposed on built-up H -members extending through slots in the furnace hearth, Fig. 2 (not shown), and supported on the wheels 17 of a trolley structure running on rails 18. A removable central section 13 of the hearth defining the aforesaid slots with side members has rollers 16, which, when end supports 26 are removed, engages the trolley structure for removal. This is accomplished through the front of the furnace after removing a detachable conventional drive unit 25 and canopy 22, the latter covering a forward extension of the trough. The rear wall is attached to the roof by releasable hinges 25. The furnace is heated by gas-fired radiant tubes 1 and atmosphere gas such as endopropane, propane or ammonia is admitted through ports 27. This gas leaves by an outlet 8 in a discharge shoot 7.
Patent GB-1278499-A (GB)
Title: Improved process for polishing oxidizable surfaces
Inventor: BOATMAN JAMES CLAUDE
IPC: H01L21/304
Filed: 1969-08-20
Abstract: 1278499 Etching TEXAS INSTRUMENTS Inc 20 Aug 1969 [17 Oct 1968] 41529/69 Heading B6J A substrate, such as a semi-conductor surface, e.g. silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, indium arsenide, gallium phosphide, indium antimonide, gallium indium arsenide, is polished by etching with a medium containing an oxidizing agent and a nonrefractory oxide, preferably of a transition metal, dispersed as finite particles, the pH being controlled by adding either an acid or a base. The oxidizing agent removes microscopic surface projections to form a sludge which reacts with the oxide to form a residue which can be removed by a solvent. The oxidizing agent may be hydrogen peroxide, an alkali metal bromate, iodate, chlorate, hypohalite, permanganate, peroxide or peroxydisulphate, or a ternary ammonium peroxydisulphate. The oxide may be titanium dioxide, tantalum oxide, niobium oxide, vanadium pentoxide or chromium oxide. There may also be added a buffering compound, e.g. citric acid, sodium citrate, sodium acetate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and a thickening agent, e.g. glycols, such as glycerine, some alcohols, or water. The solvent may be sulphuric acid, hydrofluoric acid, acetic acid or hydrochloric acid.