baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1261046-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to methods of manufacturing semiconductor compounds
IPC: C30B27/00
Filed: 1969-03-19
Abstract: 1,261,046. Crystallising semiconductors. PHILIPS ELECTRONIC & ASSOCIATED INDUSTRIES Ltd. 19 March, 1969 [22 March, 1968], No. 14384/69. Heading B1S. [Also in Division C1] A semiconductor crystal of the type AIII Bv (for example gallium arsenide) is manufactured by the diffusion of a volatile component (for example arsenic) into a less volatile liquid component (for example gallium) wherein crystallisation occurs by the gradual displacement of a temperature gradient, characterised in that the surface of the liquid phase is covered with a layer of liquid boron oxide, the volatile component being diffused into the liquid component through a porous element. Figure 1 shows as one embodiment the liquid phase, 1, situated in a vertical crusible, 2, in which the volatile component, 7, is diffused through a porous bottom part, 3, the boron oxide, 4, covering the surface of the liquid phase. A heating device (not shown) is provided which heats the closed vessel, 10, in such a manner that the volatile component is maintained at a pressure sufficient for the diffusion thereof into the liquid phase, the latter being at a temperature above the melting point of the compound. A vertical temperature gradient is then displaced vertically with respect to the crucible so as to obtain gradual crystallisation of the formed compound. Alternatively, the liquid phase may be situated in a horizontal boat, the boron oxide covering the surface of the liquid with the exception of that region covered with a porous plate. In this case a horizontal temperature gradient is displaced horizontally with respect to the boat, in order to achieve gradual crystallization. As a third embodiment the liquid phase may have a temperature less than melting point of the compound, the temperature gradient being displaced simultaneously with the diffusion of the volatile component.
Patent GB-649714-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in agglomerating or nodulizing finely divided materials
IPC: C22B1/24
Filed: 1947-05-30
Abstract: 649,714. Agglomerating finely divided ma terials. CHROMIUM MINING & SMELTING CORPORATION, Ltd. May 30, 1947, No 14442. Convention date. July 19, 1946. [Class 82(i)] A method of nodulizing particles of solid material comprises wetting the particles with a volatile liquid, forming the wetted particles into nodules, heating the nodules rapidly so as to dry substantially only the exterior of the nodules and heating the partially dried nodules relatively slowly under conditions such as to effect drying of the interior of the nodules and melting of some of the particles without substantially disrupting the form of the nodules. The nodules may comprise particles of oxidizing material e.g. sodium nitrate, sodium chromate or sodium dichromate and particles of reducing material, e.g. high carbon ferro alloys for instance in the form of exothermic mixtures. These mixtures of particles, wetted with say 7-11 per cent of water by weight of the dry material may be tumbled to form nodules and dried, the final heating causing melting of the particles of oxidizing material. The apparatus shown in Fig. 1 comprises a mixer 10 in which the material to be nodulized is mixed with a volatile liquid to form a plastic mass, which is taken by conveyer belt 14 to a nodulizing drum 15 which has a rough interior surface comprising a fused body of the same material as the particles which are to be nodulized. From the nodulizer the material is discharged into a drier which comprises a plurality of substantially concentric rotating chambers 21, 22, 24. These chambers are of frusto conical form and are mounted in inverted relationship. The nodules, charged into one end of the innermost chamber, travel on a downwardly sloping path from the interior of one chamber to the next, in countercurrent to a flow of heated air. The air is heated in a separate furnace and is circulated by a fan, turbulence being induced in its passage through the drier by baffles provided on the exterior of each chamber. An alternative form of drier shown in Fig. 6 comprises a conveyer belt 45 on which nodules pass through the drier while maintained stationary with respect to the conveyer, air being circulated by fan 46 over heaters 47 and being recycled by fan 48 through duct 50. A bleeder gate 51 permits removal of moisture laden air and its replacement by dry air drawn in through fans 46. Partially dried nodules pass finally to a heater 42 in which a controlled heating element slowly raises the temperature of the nodules to dry them completely and to melt some of the particles without substantially disrupting the form of the nodules.
Patent GB-465691-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and connected with fuel burners
IPC: F23D11/24
Filed: 1936-05-22
Abstract: 465,691. Furnace fronts. BABCOCK & WILCOX, Ltd. May 22, 1936, No. 14484. Convention date, May 22, 1935. [Class 51 (i)] [Also in Group XI] A series of liquid fuel burners each including a tubular distance piece 21 supporting an impeller plate 22 with vanes 23, are mounted on the front wall of a boiler furnace. Each burner discharges through an opening 10 and is supplied with air through an inlet 17 controlled by a handle 18 mounted in a cover plate 19. The burners are of the type in which the fuel is atomized by pressure in a whirling chamber with or without the assistance of steam jets which may be employed if a more rapid combustion and a correspondingly shorter flame is required. The burners nearer to the boiler tubes may be operated with the aid of steam jets and the others as long flame burners.
Patent GB-351184-A (GB)
IPC: H03H7/48
Filed: 1930-05-12
Abstract: 351,184. Wireless receiving systems. ARDENNE, M. VON, 19, Jungfernstieg, Lichterfelde Ost, Berlin. May 12, 1930, No. 14505. Convention date, May 11, 1929. [Class 40 (v).] A receiving system for relaying distant signals over a distributing network supplying a plurality of local receivers is characterized by the use of a central aperiodic high-frequency amplifier the final stage of which operates as a power amplifier. The aperiodic amplifier 6, which may comprise resistance capacity coupled multiple valves, has a final stage 9 the output from which is taken to several receivers such as 17 by means of leads 10, 11, 12 each with its earth lead 16. To reduce feedback, the pairs of leads are run close together and the amplifiers 6 and frame aerial 1 are screened, the centre of the aerial screen being earthed. The amplifier deals with a wide frequency band, the frame aerial being rotated to give minimum signal from the local station so that the receivers may select any desired station within the frequency range covered by the amplifier. In addition, the power supply for the receivers may also be provided from the central amplifier station. Specification 310,979, [Class 40 (v), Wireless signalling &c.], is referred to.
Patent GB-951416-A (GB)
Title: Preparation of metal carbides
IPC: C01B31/30
Filed: 1961-04-21
Abstract: A process for the preparation of metal carbides or mixtures thereof comprises reacting under an atmosphere of inert gas or gaseous hydrocarbon or mixtures thereof and at a temperature of at least 1500 DEG  F. at least one metal component selected from Groups IIIB, IVB and VB of the Periodic Table (as published by the Fischer Scientific Company) including the rare earth and the actinide elements 90 to 94, and alloys, halides, sulphides and oxides thereof, with a carbon source selected from carbon, hydrocarbons and alkaline earth metal carbides, by contacting said reactants in a molten menstruum comprising metallic sodium or potassium or a mixture thereof, and, when using said metal oxide, a reducing metal selected from calcium, magnesium, lithium, strontium and barium in at least the stoichiometric amount required to reduce the metal oxide, and separating the metal carbide from said molten metal menstruum.  The separation may be achieved by distilling off the sodium or potassium, or by filtration or digestion of the same in methanol. A flux may be added to aid the solution of the reactants, e.g. NaCl, KCl, NaF or CaCl2, and may be formed in situ if a halide reactant is used.  When a metallic reducing agent is present as described above this may also be formed in situ by adding an easily reducible compound of the metal, e.g. CaCl2.  When the carbon source is carbon itself the presence of an alkaline earth metal, e.g. Ca or Mg, increases the solubility of the carbon and thus promotes the reaction.  Impurities in the product such as NaCl or KCl may be removed by washing with water or, in the case of water-soluble product carbides, liquid ammonia, and carbide impurities may be removed by reaction with water followed by leaching the resulting oxide or hydroxide with dilute hydrochloric acid.  The process is extensively exemplified using various carbon sources and metal sources.
Patent GB-751479-A (GB)
Title: The operation of water softening plants
IPC: C02F1/42
Filed: 1953-05-26
Abstract: 751,479. Softening water. SULZER FRERES SOC. ANON. May 26, 1953 [May 29, 1952], No. 14660/53. Class 46. In a water-softening plant using, for example, ion exchange resins and of the kind in which the water discharged during the running-in, working and exhaustion periods has a salts concentration which is progressively decreasing, low enough for use and progressively increasing respectively, the water emerging during the exhaustion period and having a salts concentration in a lower part of the concentration range is resoftened, and the water having a salts concentration in the higher part of the concentration range is discharged from the plant. The resoftening may be performed in a different device, or in the same device after storage: Fig. 3 illustrates the former alternative. Water entering a water-softening device 2 at 1 during the running-in period is discharged to drain at 12 and thereafter to use at 3. During the early part of the exhaustion period the water for re-softening is pumped along pipes 5 and 7 to the inlet of a similar device 2<SP>1</SP> (assumed to be in its working period). Each multi-way valve 4 may be controlled by a salinity meter, sensitive to the salinity of the water discharged from the softening device 2 (or 21) and providing a control impulse transmitted through a connection to mechanism for actuating the valve 4. The partially-softened water may be used for running-in the plant. The water emerging towards the end of the running-in period may be taken for re-softening in the same way as that emerging at the beginning of the exhaustion period.
Patent GB-574872-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture of penicillin
Filed: 1942-10-21
Abstract: Penicillin preparations are purified by treatment in aqueous solution, of a water-soluble salt thereof, with a water-soluble bisulphite, at a temperature below 20 DEG  C., and rapidly extracting the purified penicillin with a water-immiscible solvent, for example, peroxide free ether, amyl acetate, butyl acetate or chloroform.  The precipitated impurities are preferably removed before extraction of the penicillin with the solvent.  In the examples, the crude barium salt of penicillin is treated with calcium or sodium bisulphite, the precipitate filtered off and the filtrate extracted with amyl acetate.  The extract is freed from sulphur dioxide and treated with aqueous chalk or barium hydroxide to obtain the calcium or barium salt which is dried by the lyophilic method.
Patent GB-611800-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to process for the production of metal from oxide ores
IPC: C21B13/08
Filed: 1946-05-15
Abstract: 611,800. Rotary furnaces. SOC. FRANCAISE DES CHARBONNAGES DU TONKIN. May 15, 1946, No. 14746. Convention date, March 27, 1944. [Class 51(ii)] [Also in Group II] A rotary furnace for use in the reduction of metal oxide ores comprises a metal cylinder 1 mounted to rotate about a horizontal axis, lined with coke breeze 2, &c., with ends 4 of chromite bricks. The mixture of ore, reducing coal and flux is spread as a fine layer 3 within the furnace and the latter rotated at such speed (e.g., 100 revs./min.) that the mixture adheres centrifugally to the coke-breeze wall. Heating is by means of pulverised coal admitted at a burner or burners 6, and conduits 5 preferably in a silico-aluminous material are provided for the admission of air and the discharge of gas.
Patent GB-714540-A (GB)
Title: Fuzes for rocket projectiles
IPC: F42C15/18
Filed: 1952-06-11
Abstract: 714,540. Projectile fuzes. VERWALTUNGSGES. DER WERKZEUGMASCHINENFABRIK OERLIKON. June 11, 1952 [Nov. 5, 1951], No. 14766/52. Class 9(1) Relates to fuzes for rockets, of the kind comprising a rotor 13 containing a primer 13c, the body being rotatable about an axis which is transverse to the fuze axis so that the primer may rotate, after the projectile has been discharged, from the safe position shown to the armed position in line with the striker 4. According to the invention the rotor is operatively connected to a movable body 8 in such manner that its rotation results from the forces produced by acceleration, the speed of the rotor being controlled by an oscillating body, and means being provided for locking the rotor in the armed position. When the projectile shown is launched, the body 8 sets back against the action of a spring 9, thus compressing a spring 11, Fig. 3, to move a rack 10 meshing with a gear 12 on the rotor shaft. The rotor, initially in the safe position with a cavity 13d in line with the striker, thus rotates its speed being controlled by an oscillating mass 22 associated with the gears 17, 18, 19 of a clockwork mechanism. When the primer is in line with the striker, a bolt 23 in the rotor is urged by a spring 24 into locking engagement with a cavity in the fuze body 1. Detonation takes place on impact. In a modification, Fig. 11, a casing 32 contains the fuze mechanism, the primer thereof being ignited on impact by the flash from an impact fuze 31. In this modification the spring 11 of Fig. 3 is dispensed with, the rack being rigid with the movable mass (8), and the primer itself constitutes the spring-urged locking member.
Patent GB-1381192-A (GB)
Title: Electrodeposition of gold alloys
IPC: C25D5/18
Filed: 1972-03-29
Abstract: 1381192 Semi-conductor circuits SCHERING AG 29 March 1972 [24 April 1971] 14808/72 Heading H3T [Also in Division C7] A gold alloy, e.g. Au-Cu-, Au-Cu-Cd or Au-Ag-Ni-Pd, is electrodeposited by causing to act upon a gold plating electrolyte of constant composition, preferably containing alkali metal (e.g. K) dicyanoaurate-I and one or more complex-bound elements of Group IVa or Va or Group Ib, IIb or VIIb of the Periodic Table or mixtures thereof, a succession of periodically recurring voltage impulses having durations of 10<SP>-3</SP> to 10<SP>-4</SP> seconds preceded by deposition potentials of not less than 0À1 seconds and followed by virtually potential-less periods of 10<SP>-1</SP> to 10<SP>-3</SP> seconds. The amplitudes of the impulses may be the same or different and greater than the deposition potentials by 1 to 5 volts. The complex-bound element may be present in the electrolyte as cyanide with free KCN, or when As, Sb, Sn or Pb, as a hexahydroxy complex. Gold alloys specified are (a) 70-85% Au, 12-22% Cu and 3-8% Cd; and (b) 83-90% Au, 7-11% Ag, 0À5-1À0% Pd and 2À5-5À0% Ni. A variable polarizing voltage for electrodeposition is produced by stepping a switching signal in cyclic succession along conductors with first switches and second switches connected thereto and responsive to the signal to generate respective polarizing voltages and timing signals changing at respective rates, preferably adjusted by potentiometers connected to the switches. An integrator, reset with each stepping of the switching signal, may be connected to the second switches to produce the timing signals.
Patent GB-1261915-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to replay recorders and the like
IPC: G11B15/44
Filed: 1968-03-28
Abstract: 1,261,915. Tape cassette players. DIAMOND STYLUS CO. Ltd. 27 March, 1969 [28 March, 1968], No. 14847/68. Heading G5R. A tape player 10 has two or more loading apertures 20, 22 adapted to receive tape cassettes 24, 28 of different types. A common drive shaft 14 is coupled to an electric motor 12.
Patent GB-775867-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in electrical circuit breakers with automatic reclosing mechanism
Inventor: GIBSON ARTHUR CHARLES
IPC: H01H75/04
Filed: 1954-05-21
Abstract: 775,867. Automatic reclosing circuitbreakers; electromagnetic switches. BRITISH THOMSON-HOUSTON CO., Ltd. Aug. 18, 1955 [May 21, 1954], No. 15023/54. Drawings to Specification. Class 38 (5) The subject-matter is substantially the same as that of Specification 775,861, but the claims differ. Specifications 775,862, 775,863, 775,864, 775,865 and 775,866 [Group XXXII] are, referred to.
Patent GB-1147756-A (GB)
Title: Semi-conductor thermobattery
Inventor: NIKOLAEV JURY DIOMIDOVICH
IPC: H01L35/30
Filed: 1966-04-05
Abstract: 1,147,756. Thermocouples. NAUCHNOISSLEDOVATELSKY I EXPERIMENTALNY INSTITUT AVTOMOBILNOGO ELECTROOBURODOVANIYA, KARBJURATOROV I PRIBOROV. 5 April, 1966, No. 15034/66. Heading H1K. A thermobattery, consisting of alternately P- and N-type semi-conductor bodies 1, 2 joined by conductive bridges each of which has a set of extensions 3 or 4 serving as heat exchangers, has the outer ends of the extensions 4 interconnected by a rigid insulator member or members. In Fig. 1, a single such member 5 has portions attached to corresponding extensions of each set. In Fig. 2 (not shown), a plurality of such members (8) are provided, each of which joins one extension of each set to the corresponding extensions of the neighbouring sets. In Fig. 3 (not shown), all the extension ends are embedded in a resinous filling in a rigid U-shaped channel member. In addition to joining the outer ends of the extensions, rigid insulant strips may also be secured to the extensions nearer their inner ends, as in Fig. 2 (not shown). Fig. 4 (not shown) depicts the application of such a thermobattery to an air cooling system for a motor vehicle.
Patent GB-750395-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to control valve actuating means for power-assisted steering mechanism
Inventor: EDGE STANLEY HOWARD
IPC: B62D5/08
Filed: 1951-06-25
Abstract: 750,395. Fluid-pressure servomotor-control systems. CLAYTON, DEWANDRE CO., Ltd. June 12, 1952 [June 25, 1951], No. 15043/51. Class 135. Control valve actuating means for vehicle power-assisted steering mechanism comprises hub members 3, 4, Fig. 1, capable of limited relative angular movement, the outer hub 3 being connected to the steering-wheel spokes 2 and the inner hub to the steering shaft 5, the hub 4 having a web 4a on which is pivoted a three-armed lever 20, the arms 20a, Fig. 2, of which each engage a piston 9a of a telemotor, and the arm 20b of which engages a slotted member 21 attached to hub 3. The pistons 9a operate a slave piston 14a which may operate the control valve 19 of the power system by a lever 16 or be connected directly thereto. The valve is preloaded to its neutral position, and springs 10 acting on the pistons 9a urge the hubs to the mid-position of their relative movement which is limited by engagement with abutments 7 on hub 3 of a stop 6 on hub web 4a. Relative rotation between the hubs occurs when the springs are overcome, and results in pivotal movement of lever 20, depression of the appropriate piston 9a and corresponding movement of piston 14a, valve 19 and hence the power device and road wheels. This rotates shaft 5 to cause pivotal movement of the lever about the member 21 resulting in movement of the valve towards its neutral position, when movement of the steering-wheel ceases.
Patent GB-496566-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to gas detectors
IPC: G01N21/71
Filed: 1937-05-31
Abstract: <PICT:0496566/III/1> <PICT:0496566/III/2> A gas-detector comprising an electrically heated surface E on which inflammable gas burns and means for indicating the resulting rise in temperature includes a time switch H which switches on the electric heating intermittently for comparatively short periods. The device may be embodied in a miner's electric lamp and the indication given by extinguishing the lamp C.  This may be effected by inserting in the lamp circuit an L-shaped bi-metallic strip M, one limb of which is exposed to the heat produced on the test surface E, while the other limb compensates for changes in atmospheric temperature.  The concentration of inflammable gas may be estimated by comparing the illumination of the filament E with that of a lamp F which is calibrated by means of a resistance K, the two filaments being mounted on opposite sides of an opaque partition and viewed through opal glass.  For this purpose the filaments may be illuminated independently of the time switch by means of a switch H1.  The testing device is separated from the atmosphere by double gauzes G, G1.
Patent GB-1381832-A (GB)
Title: Hydraulic control device for loadindependent flow control
IPC: F15B11/05
Filed: 1973-03-29
Abstract: 1381832 Valves ROBERT BOSCH GmbH 29 March 1973 [23 June 1972] 15194/73 Heading F2V The flow to a load 31 is reversed by movement of a spool valve 13 and is maintained constant by a fluid actuated valve 33 having its left hand face connected to the supply pressure in a passage 21 and its right hand face to a line 52 or 53 supplying fluid to the load. The valve 33 bypasses fluid from the passage 21 to a return line 23 and has its right hand face isolated from the line 52 or 53 by lands 50, 51 when the spool returns to neutral position. A check valve 32 prevents fluid being returned by the load to the supply while passages 25, 26 permit free circulation of fluid between the supply and return lines when the spool is in its neutral position. Further passages 22, 24 may be connected to the supply and return ports of a further spool providing independent control of a second load without the flow control feature. Alternatively, the two spools may be connected so that operation of the first prevents fluid from being supplied to the second.
Patent GB-1339344-A (GB)
Title: Fluid-measuring apparatus
IPC: F16J15/18
Filed: 1971-05-17
Abstract: 1339344 Stuffing-boxes; machinery guards LUDWIG KROHNE 17 May 1971 [19 May 1970 23 Oct 1970] 15219/71 Headings F2B and F2J The packing 5 sealing the junctions between a transparent tubular member 4 and the inlet and outlet fittings 2, 3 of a fluid-measuring apparatus (e.g. flow meter, densimeter, hydrometer or viscometer) is compressed by a thrust ring 6 actuated by a bifurcated lever 7, the lever being inserted against the appropriate abutment 8 on a support 1. Pressure can be applied to the lever by a screw 12 and by a handle (7b), Fig. 5 (not shown). In Fig. 1, the lever for the packing 5 between tubes 3 and 4 is not shown. The lever 7 may also be used to release the packing by repositioning it against an abutment 8 on the opposite side of the thrust ring 6. As shown in Fig. 4, spring-mounted safety covers 15, 17 for protecting observers against injury by splinters and jets of escaping medium are provided around the apparatus in which the tube 4 is made of glass and subjected to pressure, the front cover being held by springs 18, which allow it to lift upon excess pressure occurring.