baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1042525-A (GB)
Title: Production of polyesters
IPC: C08G63/58
Filed: 1964-06-15
Abstract: A polyester is prepared by heating at least one a ,b -unsaturated dicarboxylic acid or anhydride, or a mixture of dicarboxylic acids or anhydrides of which at least 10 mol. per cent are a ,b -unsaturated, with ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or butylene oxide, or a mixture thereof, in the presence of a catalytic amount of a lithium compound until a product of acid number 20-130 is obtained, then heating this at 200-240 DEG  C. for 30 minutes to 6 hours.  The preferred anhydride or acid mixtures are phthalic anhydride/maleic anhydride and phthalic anhydride/fumaric acid Other suitable anhydrides for use with a ,b -unsaturated acids or anhydrides are those of succinic, adipic, glutaric, octadecylsuccinic, diglycollic, thiodiglycollic, tetrahydrophthalic, tetrachlorophthalic and other substituted phthalic acids, and those of Diels-Alder adducts of cyclopentadiene and maleic anhydride.  The preferred alkylene oxide is propylene oxide.  Suitable lithium compounds are the hydroxide, ethoxide, chloride, bromide, carbonate, acetate, nitrate, sulphate and phthalate. The preferred catalyst is lithium hydroxide, in amount 0.05-0.5% by weight of the polyester. The use of initiators, e.g. water, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, fumaric acid or maleic acid, is desirable.  In practice the acids, catalyst and initiator are mixed, and the alkylene oxide is then added at once, or in increments, or continuously during the reaction. Different acids may be added at various stages of the reaction, which may be held at 125-135 DEG  C. during the addition of alkylene oxide or allowed to rise from 90 DEG  to 200 DEG  C.  It is usually desirable to add further alkylene oxide after the heating to 200-240 DEG  C., to bring the acid number to 10-40, after which the polyester may be thinned with 20-50% by weight of the composition of a polymerizable monomer containing at least one CH2 = C < group, e.g. styrene or vinyl toluene. The catalyst also may be added incrementally or continuously with the alkylene oxide.  In examples, mixtures of phthalic anhydride with maleic anhydride or fumaric acid are heated, with or without water, with propylene oxide in the presence of lithium hydroxide, and the products are mixed with styrene.  A comparison example, using sodium hydroxide, is supplied.
Patent GB-327462-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to tobacco-feeding machines
IPC: A24C5/39
Filed: 1928-11-05
Abstract: 327,462. Grupe, W. F. Nov. 5, 1928. Divided on 327,434. Cigarette-making machines. - In a tobacco-feeding mechanism comprising a carded roller 14, a brushing or dressing device consists of a series of scrapers 21 which are traversed one behind another in a concave path immediately adjacent to the convex surface of the roller 14. The path of the scrapers is preferably such as progressively to crowd the tobacco into the teeth of the roller 14. As shown in Fig. 3, the bottom of the hopper 10 is formed by a conveyer belt 11 travelling over a plate 18 and feeding tobacco to the upper face of the roller 14. The scrapers 21 each comprise a flat body portion 32 and an inclined end 33. The body portion 32 is secured to a plate 34 pivotally mounted on a rod 35 carried by a pair of chains 22 travelling over sprocket wheels 23, 25, the wheels 25 being carried by pivoted plates 27 adjustable to vary the tension of the chains. Integral with each plate 34 is a guide plate 37 provided with a double-armed bracket 39 adjustable with respect to the plate, the arms of the bracket carrying cam-following rollers 38, 38a and the rod 35 carrying a roller 41. The rollers 38, 38a, 41 travel in camtracks 43 - - 46, Fig. 4, in order to control the movement of the scrapers. The lower tracks 43, 44 are engaged by the rollers 38<a>, 41 until the roller 38 engages a cam 42, lifting the scraper into the positions 21<c>, 21D, Fig. 3, after which the roller 38 travels between the tracks 45, 46 and the roller 41 travels outside the track 45. An adjustable brush 47 strips any adhering tobacco from the scrapers passing it. The chains 32 may be driven uniformly, intermittently, or with periodic variations of speed. Below the scrapers on the downward side of the roller 14 is a curved guide plate, a comb, and a picker roller with radial or inclined tapered pins by which the tobacco is discharged upon a travelling cigarette paper.
Patent GB-297083-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of pure m- and p-cresols
IPC: C07C37/86
Filed: 1928-08-29
Abstract: 297,083. Scheriag-Kahlbaum Akt.- Ges. Sept. 14, 1927, [Convention date]. m-Cresol is separated from mixtures, particularly its mixture with p-cresol by treatment with urea to form an addition compound with mcresol which is separated in crystalline form and decomposed, for instance, by distillation, if desired under reduced pressure, steam distillation, or treatment with water or acids. The separation of the m-cresol-urea crystals may be effected in presence of solvents such as certain tetrachloride or urea solution. From the mother-liquor pcresol may be obtained pure by fractional crystallization. The Specification, as open to inspection under Sect. 91 (3) (a) states that the m-cresol-urea compound may be decomposed by solutions of magnesium or sodium sulphate or calcium chloride, any urea remaining in the m-cresol being decomposed by hydrolysis. In an example, the m-cresolurea compound is formed from a crude cresol and urea at a temperature which is reduced in several hours from 40‹ C. to -10‹ C. The crystals are washed with solvents, such as carbon tetrachloride, or xylol, or with cold urea solution, and the m-cresol is recovered as described above. The cresol separated from the urea-m-cresol crystals is freed from urea as described above and distilled to obtain pure p-cresol. This subjectmatter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.
Patent GB-249420-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to liquid-cooling towers
IPC: F28C1/02
Filed: 1925-10-06
Abstract: 249,420. Sorge, O. May 28, 1925, [Convention date]. Cooling-towers.-In towers having an artificial draught created by an electrically driver suction fan, the motor b, the fan a, and the transmission gearing e are constructed in a single unit preferably protected by a casing e supported on a bearer d.
Patent GB-1180310-A (GB)
Title: Drive Pin
IPC: F16B21/12
Filed: 1968-05-24
Abstract: 1,180,310. Pins. AMSTED INDUSTRIES Inc. 24 May, 1968 [20 June, 1967], No. 24928/68. Heading F2M. A pin 10 for connecting two members 22, 25 together comprises two semi-cylindrical elongated rigid members 11, 12 and a layer of compressible resilient material 13 interposed between flat faces 16, 17 of said members 11, 12 and secured thereto, one of the members 11 having a laterally outwardly projecting bulge 21 between the ends thereof. Each of said members has an inwardly tapered outer edge 19 at one end to facilitate entry in a smaller opening. The pin is described for use with a wedge-shaped support member 25 with an oval aperture 29 with a notch 30 for receiving the bulge 21 and a blade 22 having a wedge-shaped recess 23 with aligned oval apertures 27, 28. When assembled the aperture 29 is slightly out of alignment with apertures 27, 28 so as to produce forces tending to hold the member 25 inside the recess 23.
Patent GB-1306048-A (GB)
IPC: F25B1/053
Filed: 1971-04-19
Abstract: 1306048 Fluid-pressure senvomotor systems; automatic control of pressure or temperature WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORP 19 April 1971 [15 April 1970] 24944/71 Heading G3P G3R [Also in Division F4] The temperature or pressure of a refrigerant is maintained at a pre-set value by adjusting the ca-  pacity of a centrifugal compressor 11 with a piston 43 controlled by a pair of solenoid operated valves VA, VB respectively responsive to positive and negative deviations from the preset value, the signals for energizing the valves changing from intermittent to continuous as the deviation increases. In the preferred embodiment, a temperature sensing element 27 adjacent the water outlet 26 of an evaporator 17 operates a bellows 70 and a pivoted platform 73 carrying a pair of contacts 79, 80 co-operating with fixed contacts 77, 78 to energize one of the two valves VA, VB. A heating coil, such as 83, surrounding a bimetallic strip, such as 81, forms part of each solenoid circuit to provide an intermittent energizing signal until the deviation from the preset value is sufficient to maintain the fixed and movable contacts in engagement. Each solenoid valve is arranged to connect a space at one side of the piston 43 with either a supply conduit 52 or a drain conduit 60 while the piston 43 is arranged to rotate spin vanes 41 in the inlet 19 of the compressor. The solenoid valves may be controlled manually and energization of an overload relay OR in the circuit of a motor 10 for driving the compressor energizes the solenoid valve for moving the piston 43 to minimum capacity position.
Patent GB-327660-A (GB)
Title: Process for improving the fatigue strength of metal workpieces
IPC: C21D7/00
Filed: 1929-08-15
Abstract: 327,660. Mond, A. L., (I. G. Farbenindustrie Akt.-Ges.). Aug. 15, 1929. Physical or molecular structure, altering by mechanical treatment.-The fatigue strength of metal, especially alloys of magnesium and aluminium, is raised by subjecting the metal to continuous dynamic stress which is raised as the fatigue strength rises, but is always kept below the actual fatigue limit. In constructing, e.g. aircraft engines this process is carried out in the completed engine by running it, initially, at such an output that the stresses set up are below the initial fatigue strength limit and gradually raising the output as the strength is increased.
Patent GB-713674-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in frequency converters
IPC: H03D7/12
Filed: 1951-10-25
Abstract: 713,674. Transistor circuits. RADIO CORPORATION OF AMERICA. Oct. 25, 1951 [Oct. 31, 1950], No. 24992/51. Class 40 (6) A frequency converter comprises a transistor, a modulated carrier wave input source including means for selecting a carrier wave of predetermined frequency, coupled to the emitter electrode, a tuned circuit between emitter and collector to produce the local oscillations, and another tuned circuit resonant at the sum or difference frequency and coupled to the collector elecrode to provide the output signal. In Fig. 1 a modulated carrier wave is applied via terminals 26 to emitter electrode 13. A tuned circuit 17 is connected in series with the base electrode 12 which provides positive feedback to produce local oscillations. The feedback path from the collector to the emitter includes tuned circuits 22 and 27 which have low impedance at the resonant frequency of circuit 17. The output is taken from collector 14, the intermediate sum or difference frequency being selected by tuned circuit 22. The modulation frequencies are produced due to the non-linear nature of the emitter voltage-collector current characteristic. Fig. 3 shows an arrangement in which radio frequency carrier signals are first amplified by transistor 51, then applied to transistor 11 which also produces local oscillations at the resonant frequency of tuned circuit 17, the resulting sum or difference frequency being selected by tuned circuit 22 which is again amplified in an IF. amplifier comprising transistor 62. The mixing circuit differs from that of Fig. 1, in that the base is earthed and circuit 17 is effectively connected between the collector and earth, the emitter being connected to the common point of condensers 43, 44, forming part of tuned circuit 17. Impedance matching between the output of transistor 51 and the input of transistor 11 is achieved by a tapping or inductance 28. Impedance matching between transistors 11 and 62 is achieved by transformer 23. Permeability tuning is utilized.
Patent GB-1461891-A (GB)
Title: Detection of carbon monoxide
IPC: G01N27/16
Filed: 1974-06-05
Abstract: 1461891 Gas analysis NATIONAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CORP 22 May 1975 [5 June 1974] 25045/74 Heading G1N A transducer for use in determining the carbon monoxide content of an atmosphere comprises a coil 13, Fig. 2 of wire made from a platinumrhodium alloy containing not less than 10 wt per cent of rhodium, embedded in a glass bead 14. The transducer, when heated by a current through the wire, acts as a catalyst causing the CO to burn in the oxygen of the atmosphere and the resulting rise in temperature produces a corresponding change in resistance of the wire which is measured in a bridge network, or the temperature is maintained constant by a measured reduction in the heating current. The temperature is such as to produce oxidation of CO without oxidation of hydrogen. In another embodiment the bead 14 is of inert refractory material, e.g. alumina, and is coated with a layer of catalytic platinum-rhodium alloy, the wire 13 being used for heating and temperature measurement only.
Patent GB-793153-A (GB)
Title: Cyclic heat regenerative conversion of liquid hydrocarbon oils into unsaturated hydrocarbons
IPC: C07C11/02
Filed: 1956-08-16
Abstract: <PICT:0793153/IV (b)/1> In a process for the production of gaseous unsaturated hydrocarbons, principally ethylene and propylene, and some aromatic oils and tars, by the cracking of normally liquid hydrocarbon oils wherein two interconnected chambers containing refractory heat storage material are heated to 1350-2000 DEG  F. by the passage of hot combustion gases and the oil is introduced into the first chamber and passed through the second chamber, steam is simultaneously introduced into the first chamber in an amount of 2.5-4 lbs. per U.S. gallon of oil.  In a preferred embodiment oil and air are burned at the burner 4 in the chamber 5, oil being supplied by pipe 6 and air by pipe 1, and the combustion gases are passed through the narrow opening 26, reaction chamber 7, cross-over 8 and reaction chamber 9, all of which are lined with refractory material, through opening 27 into chamber 11 containing heat storage checkerbrick 12 and thence via pipe 12 to stack 15, valve 16 being open.  The system is purged with steam introduced by pipe 33.  While continuing the supply of steam which is heated by checkerbrick 25 heated in a previous combustion period, oil to be cracked is sprayed into the chamber 7 by the spray 35 and is vaporized and partially cracked by the steam.  Cracking is completed in chambers 9 and 11 and the gases leave via the reversing valve and wash-box, valve 16 being closed.  The steam supply is continued after the oil supply is cut off to purge the system and the cycle is then reversed, the gases flowing in the opposite direction.  In an alternative process the gas flow is reversed after the combustion period instead of after the cracking period.  In an example an oil of specific gravity 0.9492 and a distillation temperature, one third over, of 696 DEG  F., was cracked in a cyclic system introducing 321 U.S. gallons per cycle (143 U.S. gallons per minute) at 308 DEG  F. with 2.9 lbs. of steam at 1446 DEG  F. per U.S. gallon of oil through checkerbrick previously heated and having an average temperature maximum of 1601 DEG  F. and minimum 1389 DEG  F.  The product contained 23.8 mol. per cent ethylene and 11.4 mol. per cent propylene and higher unsaturates, the remainder being principally hydrogen and methane. Specifications 683,563 and 683,564, [both in Group XII], are referred to.
Patent GB-318388-A (GB)
Title: Food product and process of producing the same
IPC: A23L21/25
Filed: 1928-08-31
Abstract: 318,388. Dehn, F. B., (Honey-Butter Co.). Aug. 31, 1928. Butter and butter substitutes.-A good product, of the nature of butter and formed by the intimate admixture of honey with butter or butter substitutes, is made by preparing a solution of agar, gelatine, or similar blending agent, mixing this solution with honey in syrup form, adding the mixture thus obtained to unmelted butter or butter substitute, and then agitating and mixing the mass at a temperature not exceeding the melting point of the fat until a solid homogeneous substance is obtained. The mixture of blending agent and honey may be heated under vacuum for the purpose of removing water. The honey may be natural or artificial.
Patent GB-1508663-A (GB)
Title: Coated gravel and road and other load-bearing surfaces made therewith
IPC: E01C7/35
Filed: 1975-06-11
Abstract: 1508663 Road surfacing FRANCE ENVIRONMENT MINISTER OF 11 June 1975 [11 June 1974] 25098/75 Heading E1G [Also in Division B2] A road - surface or other load - bearing surface comprises a layer of binder having gravel anchored therein or thereon, the gravel particles carrying a surface coating of epoxy resin, polyurethane, polyamide or vinyl copolymer adherent thereto and to the binder, the weight of the surface coating being 0.1 - 2% by weight of the gravel. The binder may contain 50% of vinyl polymer and bituminous material.
Patent GB-1093935-A (GB)
Title: Liquid detergent compositions
Inventor: ANDREW DEREK
IPC: C11D1/22
Filed: 1964-06-17
Abstract: Liquid detergent compositions comprise (a) an alkali metal tripolyphosphate builder, the composition containing 2-10% sodium tripolyphosphate builder and the total phosphate content being 10-20%; (b) 9-20% of synthetic detergent, the sum of detergent and tripolyphosphate builder being 20-33%; (c) 5-11% of the potassium salt of a lower alkyl benzene sulphonate; and (d) 2-10% of triethanolamine; the quantities of (c) and (d) being sufficient to provide a clear stable solution, but their sum not exceeding 21% of the composition.  Up to 15% of potassium pyrophosphate may be present as part of (a). Suitable detergents are the salts (preferably potassium) of C8- 15 alkyl benzene sulphonates and mixtures thereof with salts of sulphated C8- 18 alcohol- or C6- 14 alkyl phenol-ethylene oxide condensates.  The compositions may also contain up to 6% of a fatty acid mono- and/or di - alkylolamide, e.g. coco - monoisopropanolamide or coco-diethanolamide, and minor amounts of conventional additives, e.g. sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and urea.
Patent GB-826492-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to jewellery and the like
IPC: A44C9/00
Filed: 1956-08-17
Abstract: 826,492. Mounting gems; rings. GARDNER, G. H. Aug. 14, 1957 [Aug 17, 1956], No. 25150/56. Class 43 An ornament 14 is mounted in a setting 15 having one or more resilient tongues 16 which when the ornament is placed in the aperture 12 of a mount 11 engage under a shoulder or shoulders 13 formed in the aperture. The parts may be made from metal, rubber or resilient plastic synthetic material. A number of tongues on the setting may co-operate with a number of shoulders at different depths within the aperture. The sides of the mount and seting may diverge outwardly or converge, the setting being inserted from the front or rear side of the article of jewellery which may be a ring having smaller stones 17.
Patent GB-853904-A (GB)
Title: Alternator control system to ensure steady voltage at variable alternator speeds and loads
IPC: H02J7/26
Filed: 1957-08-09
Abstract: 853,904. Exciting alternators. RAKOVIC. Z., and GRUS, J. Aug. 9, 1957, No. 25181/57, Class 35. An engine-driven alternator is compound excited through a transductor 5 and rectifier 8 to maintain constant voltage over a battery 3 and other load 4 irrespective of changes of speed and load. The field rectifier 8 is fed across two alternator phases through the A.C. winding W of the transductor and contacts 21, 22 of an over-voltage release. The transductor is biased by a presaturating winding 12 connected across the battery 3, and carries a battery charging current responsive control winding 11 and a load current responsive control winding 14 energized from the alternator output leads. In addition there is a field current feed-back winding 16 for increasing sensitivity and a stabilizing winding 15 connected in series with a choke 28 across the A.C. winding. When the accumulator 3 is full a relay 20 opens contacts 18, 19 to connect in series with winding 11 a winding 13 of sufficient resistance to limit the charging current to a trickle. Over-voltage protection is given by a relay 26 which closes contacts 24, 25 to energize coil 23 of a relay whose contacts 21, 22 open to disconnect the field current. A signal lamp 29 is connected to the over-voltage protection circuit.
Patent GB-317731-A (GB)
Title: Process for the recovery of hydrogen from gas mixtures containing hydrocarbons
IPC: C01B3/40
Filed: 1929-08-19
Abstract: 317,731. Ges. fur Linde's Eismaschinen Akt.-Ges. Aug. 20, 1928, [Convention date]. Hydrogen, catalytic production of from hydrocarbons and steam.-The catalytic conversion of hydrocarbon gas mixtures into hydrogen and carbon dioxide is effected by employing highly concentrated (at least 60 per cent) hydro-- carbons free from hydrogen and catalyst poisons, adding water vapour with an excess of less than 50 per cent and passing over a highly sensitive catalyst at about 500‹ C. A suitable catalyst consists of nickel and alumina precipitated on clay. The concentration and purification of the initial gas is effected by cooling to a low temperature and fractionating. The reaction products may be similarly purified, and this is preferably effected by mixing them with further quantities of the initial gas and re-circulating through the apparatus. 'The reaction temperature may be maintained by the combustion of waste fractions of the gas, or by adding oxygen to the reaction mixture as well as steam. The oxygen is conveniently obtained as a bye-product in the manufacture of liquid nitrogen which is used for the cooling operation.
Patent GB-322477-A (GB)
Title: Automatic switch indicator for electrical prepayment meters
IPC: G07F15/00
Filed: 1928-09-04
Abstract: 322,477. Wingfield, H. C. Sept. 4, 1928. Indicators. - In electrical prepayment meters a metal thrust member A is attached to the switch and acts through a push rod B and arm C to move a pointer E over a graduated scale F showing the position of the switch for closed, partially closed, and open circuit. A spring G returns the indicator mechanism to its outward position.
Patent GB-1212968-A (GB)
Title: A partition wall for sheds having completely automatic scraper dung removal
IPC: A01K1/01
Filed: 1969-05-19
Abstract: 1,212,968. Partitions for animal houses. ALFA-LAVAL A.B. 19 May, 1969 [17 May, 1968], No. 25408/69. Heading A1M. A partition wall for an animal shed in which a scraper system is employed for dung removal, has a lower section, normally closed, which is either pivoted or has a yieldable structure. The device ensures that sick animals cannot be trapped between the scraper and the partition wall. The lower part of the partition may be electrified and can have a number of different structural forms.