Patent GB-755979-A (GB)
Title: A method and apparatus for continuously effecting a chemical reaction between two differently miscible components
IPC: C07C303/06
Filed: 1954-01-19
Abstract: In a process for obtaining a chemical reaction between two immiscible liquids, e.g. in the sulphonation or sulphatation of organic compounds, the components are introduced to a first circuit around which a portion of the reaction product is continuously circulated, a second circuit also being provided comprising a portion common to the first circuit and part of the feed supply of one component so that this component meets the first circuit in admixture with the reaction product, the other component being supplied to the first circuit at a point in advance of the second circuit.  In Figure 1, the first circuit comprises reaction columns 4 and 9, circulating pumps 2 and 7 and the pipe 10.  One component is fed to this circuit through a heater 14 and pipe 1.  The second component is fed to the column 4 through a pipe 5 and heater 15.  The second circuit is completed by the pipe 8.  An opening 11 separates the reaction column 9 from a further reaction column 12 from which completely reacted product is removed through a pipe 13.  The quantity being circulated through the first circuit may be a multiple of, e.g. six times, the quantity of components supplied, and the quantity circulated in the second circuit may be a multiple of, e.g. double, that circulated in the first circuit, reckoned in the parts not common to both circuits.  In a modification, Fig. 2, the reaction vessels 9 and 12 are separated by a pipe 11a, and the second circuit includes a reaction vessel 4a and pipe 8a joining the first circuit between the <PICT:0755979/IV(a)/1> <PICT:0755979/IV(a)/2> <PICT:0755979/IV(a)/3> <PICT:0755979/IV(a)/4> pump 7 and reaction vessel 4.  Fig. 3 shows a modification of the apparatus shown in Fig. 2, the reaction product being removed from the first circuit through a pipe 11a, reaction column 12 and pipe 13, and Fig. 4 shows a further modification of the apparatus of Fig. 2 including a third circuit comprising a reaction vessel 16, pipe 17 and pump 18 to which a further supply of one component is introduced through a heater 21 and pipe 20.  The heating devices may be replaced by cooling devices.  Figs. 2, 3 and 4 are of particular application for the sulphonation or sulphatation of dodecyl benzene or a fatty alcohol with oleum or sulphuric acid. The process may also be applied to sulphohalogenization with sulphuryl chloride.  Specification 697,244, [Group III], is referred to.ALSO:<PICT:0755979/III/1> <PICT:0755979/III/2> <PICT:0755979/III/3> <PICT:0755979/III/4> In a process for obtaining a chemical reaction between two immiscible liquids, e.g. between lye and fat for the production of soap or in the sulphonation or sulphatation of organic compounds, the components are introduced to a first circuit around which a portion of the reaction product is continuously circulated, a second circuit also being provided comprising a portion common to the first circuit and part of the feed supply of one component so that this component meets the first circuit in admixture with the reaction product, the other component being supplied to the first circuit at a point in advance of the second circuit.  In Fig. 1, the first circuit comprises reaction columns 4 and 9, circulating pumps 2 and 7 and the pipe 10.  One component e.g. lye, is fed to this circuit through a heater 14 and pipe 1.  The second component, e.g. fat is fed to the column 4 through a pipe 5 and heater 15.  The second circuit is completed by the pipe 8.  An opening 11 separates the reaction column 9 from a further reaction column 12 from which completely reacted product is removed through a pipe 13.  The quantity being circulated through the first circuit may be a multiple of, e.g. six times, the quantity of components supplied, and the quantity circulated in the second circuit may be a multiple of, e.g. double, that circulated in the first circuit, reckoned in the parts not common to both circuits. In a modification, Fig. 2, the reaction vessels 9 and 12 are separated by a pipe 11a, and the second circuit includes a reaction vessel 4a and pipe 8a joining the first circuit between the pump 7 and reaction vessel 4.  Fig. 3 shows a modification of the apparatus shown in Fig. 2, the reaction product being removed from the first circuit through a pipe 11a, reaction column 12 and pipe 13, and Fig. 4 shows a further modification of the apparatus of Fig. 2 including a third circuit comprising a reaction vessel 16, pipe 17 and pump 18 to which a further supply of one component is introduced through a heater 21 and pipe 20.  The heating devices may be replaced by cooling devices. Figs. 2, 3 and 4 are of particular application for the sulphonation of dodecyl benzene with oleum or sulphuric acid.  The process may also be applied to sulpho-halogenization with sulphuryl chloride. Specification 697,244 is referred to.