Patent GB-224869-A (GB)
Title: Improved process for splitting fats, oils and waxes
IPC: C11C1/04
Filed: 1924-09-25
Abstract: Dimethyltetrahydronaphthalene is obtained by treating 2.6 dimethylnaphthalene with hydrogen at 10-25 atmospheres in the presence of 5 per cent of metals, oxides of iron, nickel, cobalt &c. or compounds of heavy metals except manganese.ALSO:Agents for splitting fats, oils and waxes by the Twitchell process consist of sulphonic acids of aromatic hydrocarbons having condensed nuclei or having one or more hydrocarbon radicals substituted in the nucleus. The salts, acid chlorides or other functional derivatives, and substitution products containing halogens, amino groups, &c. of the acids may also be used.  The radicals specified are alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alicylic, oxalkyl or other residues containing non-acid substituents.  As splitting-agents, cyclohexylnaphthene sulphonic acid, dimethyltetrahydronaphthalene sulphonic acid, octohydroanthracene sulphonic acid, mono- or poly-alkylated naphthalene sulphonic acids, their salts or derivatives, or such bodies containing substituents, e.g. halogen or amino groups, may be used. Dimethyltetrahydronaphthalene sulphonic acid is obtained by sulphonating dimethyltetrahydronaphthalene with excess of concentrated sulphuric acid.  The product is purified by steam distillation, followed by neutralization with barium carbonate, crystallization of the barium salt, and adding sulphuric acid to liberate the sulphonic acid.  Cyclohexylnaphthalene sulphonic acid is produced by sulphonating cyclohexylnaphthalene with excess of concentrated sulphuric acid at 20-30 DEG  C.  The sulphonic acid is separated by adding ice.  Dimethyltetrahydronaphthalene is obtained by treating 2 : 6-dimethylnaphthalene with hydrogen at 10-25 atmospheres in the presence of 5 per cent of metals, oxides of iron, nickel, cobalt &c. or compounds of heavy metals except manganese. Cyclohexylnaphthalene is prepared by agitating a mixture of naphthalenecyclohexanol and sulphuric acid maintained at 50-60 DEG for several hours.  After removal of the dilute sulphuric acid, the mixture is washed with a solution of sodium chloride, carbonate &c.ALSO:Agents for splitting fats, oils, and waxes by the Twitchell process consist of sulphonic acids of aromatic hydrocarbons having condensed nuclei or having one or more hydrocarbon radicals substituted in the nucleus.  The salts, acid chlorides, or other functional derivatives, and substitution products containing halogens, amino groups, &c., of the acids may also be used. Radicals specified are alkyl, aryl, and aralkyl, alicyclic, oxalkyl or other residues containing non-acid substituents.  In an example of the splitting process a fat is mixed with 0.5-0.6 per cent of cyclohexylnaphthalene sulphonic acid dispersed in 20 times its quantity of water, and emulsified by steam in presence or absence of 0.2 per cent of sulphuric acid of 60 DEG  B<\>ae.  90 per cent splitting takes place on boiling for 12 hours. Dimethyltetrahydronaphthalene sulphonic acid, octohydroanthracene sulphonic acid, mono- or poly-alkylated naphthalene sulphonic acid, their salts or derivatives, or such bodies containing substituents. e.g. halogens or amino groups, may replace the cyclo-hexylnaphthalene sulphonic acid.