Patent GB-461130-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in recovery of hydrocyanic acid
IPC: C01C3/04
Filed: 1935-07-05
Abstract: Hydrocyanic acid is recovered from gases by scrubbing the gases with water, precipitating by means of a metal salt, a simple insoluble metal cyanide from the solution at pH 6,8--8,2, separating the precipitated cyanide from the water and treating it with an acid to regenerate hydrocyanic acid.  The precipitant may be a soluble salt of zinc, cadmium or nickel.  Sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid or sulphur dioxide are specified as suitable acids for the last step. The pH may be controlled by means of additions such as lime, ammonia, sodium hydroxide and magnesia. If the treated gas contains sulphuretted hydrogen, the hydrocyanic acid may be obtained free therefrom by initially aerating the dilute aqueous solution of hydrocyanic acid at pH4--6 and/or by treating it with oxidizing agents such as chlorine, by adding an oxidizing agent such as permanganate or bichromate to the cyanide slurry, by scrubbing the hydrocyanic acid evolved in the last step with a cyanide slurry or by separating the sulphuretted hydrogen from the hydrocyanic acid in liquid form by fractional condensation. <PICT:0461130/III/1> Gas, after the removal of ammonia, is passed from a pipe 100 in succession through cooling towers 101 and 103 where it is scrubbed with cold water.  The resulting solution of hydrocyanic acid containing some hydrogen sulphide flows continuously into a sump 105 and from thence via a pipe 106 into a mixer 108 which is also continuously supplied with a zinc sulphate solution from a tank 110.  The mixed solution passes to a mixer 109 where milk of lime is continuously supplied from a tank 113.  The contents of the mixer 109 is pumped into the feed well 118 of a Dorr Thickner 119, the solids consisting principally of zinc cyanide with some zinc sulphide collecting in a well 120 while the effluent collects in an annular trough 121.  The effluent may be recirculated, a part being pumped through a pipe 123 and spray 101A to the tower 101 and the remainder through a pipe 122, cooler 126 and spray 103A to the tower 103.  The solids in the well 120 are pumped to a tank 130 where treatment with steam removes any entrained napthalene and from thence through pipes 132 and 134 to the top of a decomposing column 135 which is fed with sulphuric acid from a feed tank 136 and with direct steam through a pipe 138.  The evolved hydrocyanic acid and hydrogen sulphide pass through a spray-trap 143 into the lower part of the column 144 where hydrogen sulphide is removed by washing with zinc cyanide slurry supplied through pipes 132 and 147.  The hydrogen cyanide and steam pass from the column 144 through a pipe 158 to a column 159 which is provided with cooling coils 162 and a dephlegmator 164 and is fed with steam at the bottom.  Dry hydrocyanic acid passes through a pipe 165 and is condensed as liquid hydrocyanic acid in a condenser 166.  The zinc sulphate solution flowing from the bottom of the column 135 passes via a pipe 139 and settling tank 140 to the tank 110 The zinc sulphide suspension resulting from the treatment in the column 144 passes through a pipe 148, tank 149 and pipe 151 to a decomposing column 152 fed with sulphuric acid and steam.  The hydrogen sulphide is returned to the gas through a pipe 156 while the zinc sulphate solution returns to the tank 110.  According to a modification, the column 144 and its accessories are omitted, the gases directly passing from the decomposing column 135 to the column 159.  The gases leaving the dephlegmator 164 will then consist of hydrocyanic acid and hydrogen sulphide, the hydrocyanic acid being liquefied in condenser 166 while the still gaseous hydrogen sulphide is returned through pipe 170 to gas main 100.  Specification 453,971 is referred to.