Patent GB-462747-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in hydraulic shock dampers
IPC: F16F9/504
Filed: 1935-08-12
Abstract: 462,747. Controlling shock-absorbers. LESLIE, I. A. Aug. 12, 1935, No. 22670. [Class 108 (iii)] In a hydraulic shock-absorber for a road vehicle in which, when operative, liquid is forced through a passage controlled by a spring- loaded valve, on a sudden change of vehicle momentum a mass is displaced through its own inertia in a direction corresponding to the direction of travel of the vehicle and causes the resistance of the valve to increase without affecting the resistance of the valve spring. Fig. 1 shows a control-valve device which regulates flow of liquid between two conduits E\ E<2> constituting part of the transfer passage between the compression chambers of a doubleacting shock - absorber. Normally, liquid pressure in conduit E<1> lifts the spring-pressed valve E directly, while pressure in conduit E<2> lifts the valve by acting on relatively-slidable sleeves H, H<1> mounted on the valve-stem and bearing against a diaphragm E<4> which is secured to the end of the valve-stem to damp valve flutter. The sleeve H<1> has a flange H<2> adapted to be clutched by a spring-pressed pawl G<2> when a stirrup-shaped pendulum A is displaced in either direction on acceleration or deceleration of the vehicle, the pendulum pivot being rigid with a cam G co-operating with a projection G<1> on the pawl. When the sleeve H<1> is held from movement by the pawl, only the pressure on the end of the sleeve H is effective to raise the valve and this end being of smaller area than the combined ends of both sleeves, proportionately greater pressure is required. In a modification, the sleeve H<1> is adapted to be held from displacement by a slidable spring- pressed pin movable by the cam G through an apertured plunger which is separated from a piston-like head on the pin by fluid and by a spring, the arrangement being such that slow movements of the pendulum do not affect the pin. Fig. 4 shows an alternative construction in which a single slidable sleeve H is mounted on the valve-stem E and has a flange H3 adapted to be engaged, on sudden deceleration of the vehicle, by a leaf-spring H<4> carried by a pendulum H<5> mounted inside the shock-absorber casing, the leaf-spring acting in addition to the coiled-spring D<7> to resist opening of the valve E by displacement of the sleeve H. The Provisional Specification describes also several other constructions of pendulumcontrolled, hydraulic shock-absorbers. In one construction, a liquid-flow control valve has an extension projecting beyond the shock-absorber casing and is adapted to be moved by a pendulum to stiffen the shock-absorber. In a second construction, movement of the pendulum in either direction operates a solenoid to increase the loading of a valve or valves in one or more shock-absorbers, and means, e.g. a lost-motion device including a dashpot, may be provided to prevent energization of the solenoid on small changes in the momentum of the vehicle. In a third construction a moving, electrical-contact member is rigid with a piston slidable in a cylinder which in turn is slidable in a main cylinder fixed to the vehicle chassis and has one end closed and projecting from the main cylinder into contact with the pendulum. The closed end has a gauged'hole for the escape of fluid. The piston is acted on by a weak spring compressed between the closed end of the first cylinder and one side of the piston and by a strong spring compressed between the closed end of the main cylinder and the other side of the piston. In operation, the weak spring absorbs slight movements of the pendulum, fluid escaping through the gauged hole referred to, while on sudden movements of the pendulum the gauged hole restricts flow of fluid and the piston is displaced causing the contact-member to engage a second contactmember and energize a solenoid as in the second construction. In another construction, the pendulum is adapted to move a valve to close one passage for liquid displaced by the shockabsorber piston and to open an alternative passage in which there is greater obstruction to flow of liquid. In a further construction, the pendulum acts in conjunction with means by which the loading on a valve is varied automatically with variation in, for example, the speed of the vehicle. Thus, a governor driven by the road wheels may load a valve past which oil is forced by a pump, the pressure in the system being communicated to the seating of the spring of a shock-absorber control valve or to the valve itself, the pendulum operating members which vary the loading of the firstmentioned valve.