baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent MD-4691-C1 (MD)
Title: Method for diagnosis of bovine leukosis
Inventor: MOSCALIC ROMAN
IPC: G01N33/53
Filed: 2018-09-12
Abstract: The invention relates to veterinary medicine, namely to a method for diagnosis of bovine leukosis.The method, according to the invention, comprises blood sampling with anticoagulant, blood cell precipitation and plasma separation, serological examination of plasma in an agar gel immunodiffusion reaction, recording of results in 24-36 hours, carrying out of hematological examination of seropositive samples and in the case of results confirming the presence of disease, a diagnosis of bovine leukosis is established.The result consists in reducing the time of establishing the diagnosis due to serological and hematological examination from a common blood sample with anticoagulant.
Patent RU-2037817-C1 (RU)
Inventor: GRANNIKOVA GALINA M
IPC: G01N29/00
Filed: 1992-11-18
Granted: 1995-06-19
Abstract: FIELD: quality control. SUBSTANCE: method involves applying acoustic vibrations from generator 1 to material 4 under test by means of waveguide 3. Acoustic vibrations from second generator 6 to material 4 under test are applied by means of waveguide 6. Radiating power meter 2 measures the radiating power of the generator to determine parameters of the material under test from the received values. EFFECT: enhanced accuracy of measurements; effective noise immunity. 1 dwg
Patent RU-2034054-C1 (RU)
Title: Recuperation heating well with heating from the center of bottom
Inventor: KOZHEVNIKOV ANDREJ S
IPC: C21D9/70
Filed: 1992-11-20
Granted: 1995-04-30
Abstract: FIELD: recuperation processes. SUBSTANCE: recuperation heating well is provided with fire-resistant air feeding channel and a gas feeding pipe with nozzles. These nozzles are located along the central axis of the gas outlet channel from which gas flows at an angle to the air stream. The upper part of the torch channel has a toroidal form, the end being located at the level of the start of toroidal surface. The nozzles are placed on a plain surface and inclined toward the vertical axis at an angle of 20-25 degrees. The lower section of the base of nozzles is shifted to that of their upper section at an angle of 25-30 degrees about the circumference of the centers of the holes. EFFECT: higher efficiency and accuracy. 1 cl, 3 dwg
Patent RU-2040578-C1 (RU)
Title: Ferritic stainless steel
Inventor: FILIMONOV GERMAN N
IPC: C22C38/24
Filed: 1993-02-08
Granted: 1995-07-25
Abstract: FIELD: metallurgy. SUBSTANCE: steel contains, by weight: carbon 0.01-0.3, silicium 0.3-0.7, manganese 0.3-0.6, chromium 16.5-18.0, vanadium 0.1-0.6, nitrogen 0.01-0.06, cerium 0.005-0.05, calcium 0.001-0.01, iron the balance. Total amount of carbon and nitrogen must not exceed 0.07 and vanadium: carbon ratio must not be less than 10. EFFECT: improved complex of physico-mechanical and technological properties of steel used for manufacturing of equipment for food-processing industry, as compared to known constructional materials, enhanced reliability in operation and service life of this equipment. 2 tbl
Patent RU-2027968-C1 (RU)
Title: Heating element
Inventor: SUDAREV ANATOLIJ V
IPC: F28F13/12
Filed: 1993-02-24
Granted: 1995-01-27
Abstract: FIELD: heat-power engineering; in particular, in heat exchangers using condensing steam as heating medium. SUBSTANCE: heating element has tubes mounted coaxially. Outer tube is blanked off on one end and inner tube is provided with perforations on opposite end on the section, 0.15 to 0.2 of its length. On the outer surface of tube there hemispherical extrusions oriented relative to perforations of inner tube. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 3 cl, 4 dwg
Patent RU-2049647-C1 (RU)
Inventor: KULIKOV OLEG A
IPC: B23Q16/02
Filed: 1993-04-12
Granted: 1995-12-10
Abstract: Использование: в вертикально-сверлильных станках-полуавтоматах для обработки цилиндрических деталей. Сущность изобретения: делительное устройство для подачи цилиндрических деталей в зону обработки сверлением содержит планшайбу 1, по периферии которой расположены делительные элементы 5 и гнезда, взаимодействующие с рабочей поверхностью 9 одностороннего подпружиненного толкателя 6, закрепленного на горизонтальной оси 15 ползуна 7, соединенного с приводом возвратно-поступательного перемещения. Рабочая поверхность 9 толкателя 6 выполнена со скосом в направлении поворота планшайбы 1, а фиксирующая поверхность толкателя 6 выполнена параллельно направлению движения ползуна 7 для фиксации планшайбы 1 в крайнем верхнем положении толкателя 6 посредством тормозного элемента, выполненного в виде фрикционной шайбы 14, закрепленной на горизонтальной оси 2. При этом на противоположной стороне фиксирующей поверхности 8 толкателя 6 выполнена выемка со скосом для размещения следующего за рабочим делительного элемента 5 с последующим возвратом элемента 5 на рабочую поверхность подпружиненного толкателя 6 при обратном ходе его с одновременным зажимом и ориентацией детали посредством зажимной призмы 17, жестко связанной с ползуном 7. 4 ил.
Patent RU-2045930-C1 (RU)
Title: Method for determining physiological status of human organism
Inventor: DEMIN SERGEJ A
IPC: A61B5/00
Filed: 1993-04-23
Granted: 1995-10-20
Abstract: FIELD: medicine, particularly, reflexodiagnosis. SUBSTANCE: essence of this method resides in thermally consecutively treating preselected certain number of biologically active points, measuring latent periods in each point from starting thermal treatment to emergence of algesic sensations, shaping revealed results into polygon, determining parameters characterizing profile of polygon and/or area restricted by polygon profile as index of physiologic status of patient's organism, comparing these parameters with statistically defined standard, determining topical aspects of lesion by shape of profile and type of reaction of organism to affection by area, distributing measured number of biologically active points by extent of latent period, and then determining topical amplitude of affection and organism's reserves as characteristic of physiological status of patient's organism. EFFECT: more sophisticated technique. 5 cl, 11 dwg
Patent RU-2054395-C1 (RU)
Inventor: LISOV MIKHAIL F
IPC: C04B35/443
Filed: 1993-05-28
Granted: 1996-02-20
Abstract: FIELD: industry of refractory materials. SUBSTANCE: method involves preparation of charge from powders of magnesium oxide and aluminium nitride in a relation, wt.-%: magnesium oxide, 6.1-31.9; aluminium nitride, 68.1-93.9, milling, preparation of molding mass, forming of blanks, their drying and firing in oxygen-containing atmosphere until the weight of the blanks ceases to change. The material resulting after cooling is a reaction-sintered ceramic material of corundum-spinel composition whose yield is increased to 117-123%. This ceramic material has a fine-grained structure and compression strength of 560-640 MPa. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 1 tbl
Patent RU-2046490-C1 (RU)
Title: Device for improving power supply characteristics in three-wire networks
Inventor: BAKOV YURIJ VASILEVICH
IPC: H02J3/18
Filed: 1993-06-08
Granted: 1995-10-20
Abstract: FIELD: electrical engineering. SUBSTANCE: current-limiting device and reactive-power source built around controlled reactors and capacitor banks are controlled by means of programmable controller; controlled valves of thyristor reactive-power source are star-connected and run to electrical network phase leads via reactor control winding which are connected in series with capacitor banks, the latter being connected to phase of uncontrolled rectifier loaded into reactor magnetizing windings and resistor. EFFECT: enlarged functional capabilities. 3 dwg
Patent RU-2083395-C1 (RU)
Title: Vehicle parking brake
Inventor: SARAPULOV ALEKSEJ S
IPC: B60T1/06
Filed: 1993-06-03
Granted: 1997-07-10
Abstract: FIELD: transport engineering; vehicle brakes. SUBSTANCE: parking brake has gear wheel 2 and locking mechanism in form of cylinder 11 with spring-loaded piston 13 and bell-crank 5. Arm 4 of bell-crank has projection 7 for engagement with cavity 8 of gear wheel. EFFECT: enhanced reliability of operation. 2 cl, 2 dwg
Patent RU-2041649-C1 (RU)
Inventor: YUDIN YURIJ I
IPC: A23K1/165
Filed: 1993-07-05
Granted: 1995-08-20
Abstract: FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: this method prescribes comminuting vegetable stock, wetting it, introducing common salt and feed additive, that is, either brewer's or wine yeast, carrying out fermentation hydrolysis using fermentation matter prepared in advance, introducing yeast 2 to 20 h after initiation of hydrolysis, and discontinuing hydrolysis 6 to 9 h after yeast has been added. EFFECT: more sophisticated technique.
Patent RU-2080354-C1 (RU)
Title: Способ приготовления водоугольных суспензий для транспортирования по трубопроводу
Inventor: TRUBETSKOJ KLIMENT N
IPC: C10L1/32
Filed: 1993-08-06
Granted: 1997-05-27
Abstract: Сущность изобретения: водоугольную суспензию для транспортирования по трубопроводу получают предварительной электрохимической обработкой воды, способ включает последующее мокрое измельчение и классификацию угля. В мельницу подают воду и диспергаторы и классифицируют уголь. 1 табл.
Patent RU-2052084-C1 (RU)
Inventor: RAMAZANOV RASHIT G
IPC: C09K8/72
Filed: 1993-08-24
Granted: 1996-01-10
Abstract: FIELD: gas and oil production. SUBSTANCE: process involves drilling out of oil pool by system of vertical and horizontal wells and formation of cavities-collectors by salt-and-acid baths. The latter are formed in horizontal wells - first of all at end of horizontal shafts of wells of contracting row. All subsequent cavities-collectors are arranged in series in center of shaft, then at start of shaft and finally between adjacent cavities-collectors. Each next cavity-collector is formed after decrease of discharge in preceding cavity-collector to initial value. EFFECT: improved operational efficiency of process. 1 dwg, 1 tbl
Patent RU-2078979-C1 (RU)
Title: Electric ring fuel heater
Inventor: ROBUSTOV VALENTIN V
IPC: F02M31/12
Filed: 1993-09-27
Granted: 1997-05-10
Abstract: FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion engine. SUBSTANCE: electric heater has protective shell 1 with outer back 2 and inner back 3, heating element 4 with plus supply bus 5 and minus outgoing bus 6. Ports 7 are made on inner back 3 to provide free passage of fuel to band heating element and its convective heat exchange. Thanks to such design fuel in filter comes in direct contact with heating element 4 taking heat directly from the element without any intermediate links and stages. EFFECT: improved heating of fuel. 3 cl, 2 dwg
Patent RU-2109736-C1 (RU)
Title: Biphenyl derivatives and method of preparing thereof
Inventor: KHIROAKI JANAGISAVA
IPC: C07D233/88
Filed: 1993-12-16
Granted: 1998-04-27
Abstract: FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: present invention describes compounds of formula (I):   wherein A is group IIa, IIb or IIc:  ,  ,   wherein R 1  is alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl or group of formula: R 4 -Y-R 5  wherein R 4  is hydrogen, alkyl or cycloalkyl; R 5  is single bond or alkylene and Y is oxygen, sulfur or imino group; R 2  is hydrogen, halogen optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, formyl, alkylcarbonyl, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkoxy, alkylthio, cyano or nitro group; R 3  is hydrogen, alkyl, carboxy or substituted carboxy group, carbamoyl or tetrazol-5-yl; X is group of formula CH=, -N= or C(COOR) 6  wherein R 6  is hydrogen or protecting radical for carboxy group; Z is single bond, alkylene or vinylene and B is carboxy or substituted carboxy group or tetrazol-5-yl, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof are capable of inhibiting angiotensin and are useful for treatment and prophylaxis of hypertension and cardiac diseases. EFFECT: improved properties of the title compounds. 49 cl, 6 dwg , 3 tbl
Patent RU-2080063-C1 (RU)
Title: Mole-trap
Inventor: KRAVCHUK BORIS N
IPC: A01M23/08
Filed: 1994-01-05
Granted: 1997-05-27
Abstract: FIELD: animal catching equipment. SUBSTANCE: mole-trap has elongated body 1 and shutters 2 which are suspended from horizontal axles at both ends of it and inside on its side walls. Suspension of shutter 2 by means of eye-lugs located at their upper part creates tilting moment and displaces center of gravity of shutter from vertical plane at certain angle towards inside it. Due to that, shutter is permanently kept in inclined position and entrance into mole-trap easily opens at slight push. Incline of shutters in reverse direction from vertical axis is impossible due to thrust shoulders on end faces of body and mole can not open shutter from inside. EFFECT: high efficiency. 6 dwg
Patent RU-2077594-C1 (RU)
Title: Method for purification of hydrolyzate of vegetable raw materials
Inventor: VYGLAZOV VLADIMIR V
IPC: C13K1/02
Filed: 1994-02-16
Granted: 1997-04-20
Abstract: FIELD: microbiological industry. SUBSTANCE: hydrolyzate is cooled and neutralized. Then cation flocculant and non-ionogenic flocculant at their ratio 1: 1 are added and suspended articles are separated. Polydimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and polyethylene oxide are respectively used as said cation flocculant and non-ionogenic flocculant. EFFECT: improved efficiency of the method. 6 cl, 1 tbl
Patent RU-2056541-C1 (RU)
Title: Oil well pumping unit
Inventor: LIFTMAN IOSIF B
IPC: F04D13/10
Filed: 1994-02-25
Granted: 1996-03-20
Abstract: FIELD: oil industry. SUBSTANCE: connected to delivery branch pipe of centrifugal pump is ejector hydraulically coupled with separator hard particles collecting chamber arranged at intake side of pump. Submersible electric motor is installed in delivery branch pipe above pump with guaranteed radial clearance. Delivery branch pipe in its upper portion is connected with casing string and is provided with recess for arrangement of current carrying coupler of electric motor and its sealing unit. Ejector is placed between pump and electric motor. Tangential slots to let well liquid come out are made in delivery branch pipe above ejector. liquid flow turbulizers are installed in clearance between electric motor frame and walls of branch pipe. EFFECT: enlarged operating capabilities. 2 cl, 4 dwg
Patent RU-2114853-C1 (RU)
Inventor: KHAFIZ JANOVA R KH
IPC: A61K31/185
Filed: 1994-04-04
Granted: 1998-07-10
Abstract: FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: present invention relates to novel chemical compound of lithium with L-α- amino-γ- methylmercaptobutyric acid (L-methionine) which has antitumor and antiulcer activities in medicine. New class of chemical compounds have antitumor and antiulcer activities and are less toxic as compared with those known in the art. Said compound are prepared by synthesis in dimethylsulfoxide of L-α-amino-γ-lithium methylmercaptobutyrate having antitumor and antiulcer effects. Pharmacological tests show that L-α-amino - γ-lithium methylmercaptobutyrate shows antitumor and antiulcer activities, but unlike antitumor agents which are widely used, the above-mentioned compound is less toxic and causes no leukemia. EFFECT: improved properties of the title compound. 4 tbl
Patent RU-2081397-C1 (RU)
Title: Rotameter
Inventor: ULYANOV ANATOLIJ I
IPC: G01F1/22
Filed: 1994-04-21
Granted: 1997-06-10
Abstract: FIELD: measuring equipment. SUBSTANCE: rotameter has inlet branch pipe 7, stream splitter 13, measuring tube 1 with float 2, by-pass canal 4 formed between tube 1 and outer jacket 3, changeable partition 5 with holes 6, adjustment screw 11, nuts 9, 10, 12, outlet branch pipe 8, insert with ribs 14. EFFECT: improved design. 1 dwg
Patent RU-2055874-C1 (RU)
Title: Composition of components for balsam
Inventor: BUSLOVICH MUSYA A
IPC: C12G3/06
Filed: 1994-06-15
Granted: 1996-03-10
Abstract: FIELD: liqueur and vodka industry. SUBSTANCE: composition has the following components, kg per 1000 dal balsam: sweet flag root 1.4-1.5; marjoram 1.4-1.5; birch buds 7-8; sweet clover 0.5-0.6; garden angelica 1.4-1.5; Saint-Johns-wort 5.0-5.5; spear-grass 0.5-0.9; pot-marigold 3.0-3.3; oak bark 1.0-1.5; buckthorn bark 1.4-1.5; sown coriander 1.0-1.2; linden flowers 4.0-4.3; peppermint 3.0-3.2; colts foot leaves and flowers 1.0-1.4; motherwort 0.6-0.7; common wormwood 0.6-0.7; pine buds 5.0-5.5; tansy leaves and flowers 1.0-1.2; cudweed herb 1.4-1.5; sea-holly 1.0-1.2; cotton thistle 1.4-1.5; milfoil 0.7-0.8; alder cones 1.8-2.0; pinkwood bark 0.7-0.8; fresh apples 760-770; fresh strawberry 460-470; melanocarpous service tree 480-490; rose 16.0-16.5; honey 200.0-210.0; orange oil 1.0-1.2; vanillin 1.0-1.2; propolis 1.5-1.6; color 400-410; special color 700-750; citric acid 0.6-0.7, and aqueous-spirituous liquid - the rest. EFFECT: enhanced quality of balsam.
Patent RU-2101713-C1 (RU)
Inventor: DAVYDOV ANATOLIJ SEMENOVICH
IPC: G01R11/00
Filed: 1994-07-19
Granted: 1998-01-10
Abstract: FIELD: electric engineering. SUBSTANCE: device has current and voltage input devices (input lines), integrator, three comparators, reference voltage (current) source, reference frequency generator, logical unit, reverse pulse counter, which suppresses additive error constituent by means of paraphase controlled inverter which is introduced to voltage channel, controlled inverter which is introduced to current channel and their control unit. EFFECT: increased functional capabilities. 4 dwg
Patent RU-2111567-C1 (RU)
Title: Device for filling bags with solid radioactive wastes, their compression, and packing
IPC: G21F9/36
Filed: 1994-08-08
Granted: 1998-05-20
Abstract: FIELD: space-saving packing of radioactive and other biologically active wastes. SUBSTANCE: device has shielding vessel accommodating packing unit, batchmeter, press communicating with the latter for repeated compression of waste batches in bags, bag handling mechanism, as well as cyclone for sucking out radioactive dust produced in the course of waste compression. Batchmeter is assembly of stationary intercommunicating loading, take-up, sorting-out, and packing boxes connected to each other through sealed joints, guillotine shears, and feeder made in the form of drive vane placed in tube one of whose ends is connected to outlet port of sorting-out box and other end is mounted for connection to loading port of slider through sealed joint in its bottom position to admit waste batch to slider space. Each box is provided with lights in side walls, access holes, rubber gloves, and peepholes. Loading, take-up, and sorting-out boxes are equipped with additional live rollers; sorting-out box has, in addition, trough-mounted screw conveyer and receiving bin. Packing box is provided with bag placed in its bottom part and used for burned wastes and container for metal to be remelted. Waste handling mechanism is, essentially, power-driven truck that has chassis frame with spring-loaded wheels. Device may be provided, in addition, with TV set mounted for watching compression process through slider peephole. EFFECT: reduced space requirement for disposed radioactive and other biologically harmful wastes. 3 cl, 7 dwg
Patent RU-2057813-C1 (RU)
Title: Installation for liming of diffusion juice
Inventor: BOJKO TATYANA N
IPC: C13B20/02
Filed: 1994-09-26
Granted: 1996-04-10
Abstract: FIELD: food industry. SUBSTANCE: installation for liming of diffusion juice has a liming tank made as a vertical cylindrical vessel with a tapered bottom separated by partitions into communicating sections and furnished with an impeller agitator and branch pipes used to feed prelimed juice into the lower part of the vessel, lime milk and discharge limed juice from its upper part. The installation is furnished at least with one circuit using a pump for intake of juice from vessel sections, ejector for injection of air into juice connected to the pump, chamber for desorption of ammonia and accompanying gases from juice, separator for removal of liberated gases placed over the chamber, and pipe-line for recirculation of juice to the section located above the section from which juice has been extracted, which is connected to the separator. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 1 dwg
Patent RU-2079499-C1 (RU)
Title: Method for production of complex compound of aluminium with tetra-crawn-phthalocyanine
Inventor: TSIVADZE ASLAN YU
IPC: C07F5/06
Filed: 1994-11-22
Granted: 1997-05-20
Abstract: FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: complex of aluminium with phthalocyanine is prepared by interaction of aluminium salt with dicyano-benzo-15-crawn-5. S aid process is preferably carried out in the medium of urea in the presence of ammonium molybdate. Desired complex is water soluble and soluble in some organic solvents. Said complex has intense absorption at 600-900 nm. EFFECT: decreased duration of the process, increased yield of desired product. 1 dwg , 1 tbl
Patent RU-2078086-C1 (RU)
Title: Cauloside c potassium salt stimulating reparative skin regeneration
Inventor: AMININ DMITRIJ L
IPC: A61P17/02
Filed: 1994-12-13
Granted: 1997-04-27
Abstract: FIELD: natural organic compounds. SUBSTANCE: product: derivative of cauloside C of the formula: $$$. Reagent 1: cauloside C. Reagent 2: KOH. Reaction is carried out in ethanol medium. Obtained compound shows low toxicity, thermostability, good solubility in water. The end product is used in medicine for burns, wounds treatment. EFFECT: improved method of preparing, enhanced effectiveness of treatment. 2 tbl
Patent RU-2075871-C1 (RU)
Title: Шихта для получения аморфных магнитомягких сплавов
IPC: C22C45/02
Filed: 1994-12-28
Granted: 1997-03-20
Abstract: 1. Шихта для получения аморфных магнитомягких сплавов, содержащая феррофосфор и чугун, отличающаяся тем, что она дополнительно содержит комплексный Fe-P-Mn-V-Si-сплав и стальной лом при следующем соотношении компонентов, мас.%:Феррофосфор - 30 - 70Чугун - 20 - 45Комплексный Fe-P-Mn-V-Si-сплав - 0,1 - 15,0Стальной лом - Остальное2. Шихта по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что комплексный Fe-P-Mn-V-Si-сплав содержит компоненты в следующем соотношении, мас.%:Фосфор - 11 - 15Марганец - 10 - 13Кремний - 4 - 6Ванадий - 1 - 3Железо - Остальноем
Patent RU-2086309-C1 (RU)
Title: Flotation machine
Inventor: SEBALLO VALERIJ A
IPC: B03D1/14
Filed: 1995-02-17
Granted: 1997-08-10
Abstract: FIELD: mineral concentration; ore flotation. SUBSTANCE: the offered flotation machine has body with foam threshold and aeration unit which consists of driving shaft mounting coaxial blade impeller, circulating pipe with recirculating branch pipes located on its surface and communicating its hollow with body hollow, and having coaxially installed pressure branch pipe embracing impeller and carrying guide device with inclined channels which similarly to circulating pipe are located, at least, in lower part of circulating pipe at acute angle to contour of its cross- section and directed with outlets to its internal surface oriented to the side opposite to rotation of impeller. Open area of guide device is not less than that of pressure branch pipe. Additionally flotation machine is provided with screen made in form of bushing installed on pressure branch pipe below the guide device. Maximum outer diameter of bushing is not less than the outer diameter of guide device. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 3 cl, 4 dwg, 1 tbl
Patent RU-2090368-C1 (RU)
Inventor: KOZMENKO PAVEL I
IPC: B29C73/16
Filed: 1995-04-10
Granted: 1997-09-20
Abstract: Сущность: средство содержит клеящий смазывающий органический компонент, компонент для заполнения мест прокола и воду. Способ получения средства для герметизации проколов в шинах состоит в том, что в воду 35-45 o C вносят клеящий смазывающий органический компонент в виде вязкой жидкости, компонент для заполнения места прокола, упрочняющий и консервирующий компонент в виде порошка и перемешивают. 2 с.п. ф-лы.
Patent RU-2097853-C1 (RU)
Title: Method for removing deposits from radiation-hazard surface of equipment
Inventor: EPERIN ANATOLIJ P
IPC: G21F9/28
Filed: 1995-07-12
Granted: 1997-11-27
Abstract: FIELD: nuclear engineering. SUBSTANCE: surfaces of radiation-hazard equipment are treated with aqueous solution of alcohol chosen from following group: ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerin, and sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate; solution is additionally irradiated to absorbed doze value of more than 600 kg. EFFECT: prevention of secondary deposition, improved cleaning effectiveness. 1 tbl