baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-851482-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the etching of germanium and silicon
IPC: H01L21/00
Filed: 1957-01-23
Abstract: 851,482. Reducing size by chemical action. PHILCO CORPORATION. Jan. 23, 1957 [Jan. 23, 1956], No. 2434/57. Class 82(2) A solution for etching germanium or silicon comprises, by volume, 19-21 parts of glacial 99.8% acetic acid, 14-16 parts of 70% nitric acid, 9-11 parts of 48% hydrofluoric acid and 2-4¢ parts of additional water. As shown, germanium wafer 12 is etched by immersion in etchant 11 contained in beaker 10, said beaker being rotated about axis BB<SP>1</SP> by motor 28 acting through gearing 26. Beaker 10 is provided with a corrugated sleeve 14 and, at its bottom, with a disc 16 to which are attached vanes 17, said sleeve and vanes enhancing agitation of the etchant and the wafer when the beaker is rotated. Preferably, the etchant is at a temperature of 45‹-65‹C., axis BB<SP>1</SP> is offset by 30-45 degrees from the vertical, and the ,beaker is rotated at 100-110 r.p.m.
Patent GB-489554-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of higher chlorinated methanes
IPC: C07C19/10
Filed: 1937-01-28
Abstract: <PICT:0489554/IV/1> The lower chlormethanes such as methyl and methylene chlorides are further chlorinated in the liquid phase under the action of daylight or artificial light.  In examples: (1) methylene chloride is produced by passing chlorine into methyl chloride at -24 DEG  C. in an unsilvered Dewar vessel surmounted by a low - cooling device, the temperature rising to -12 DEG  C. during the process; (2) the process is effected in a glass vessel with internal cooling at -24 to -22 DEG  C. in light from a metal filament lamp; (3) chloroform containing 10 per cent of carbon tetrachloride is produced by chlorinating methylene chloride in a glass vessel with internal cooling at -20 DEG  C.; (4) methyl chloride is poured into a lead chlorination vessel 1 having a stirrer 3, cooling-coil 2 and low cooling device 7, the liquid being exposed to light from a lamp in a glass cylinder 4; chlorine is introduced by a tube 5 and an excess of methyl chloride by a tube 6; the reaction mixture is maintained at -20 DEG  C., and overflows continuously into a fractionating column 10, methylene chloride being collected in the still 9 while the methyl chloride is returned to the reaction vessel.
Patent GB-895931-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to incinerators
IPC: F23J1/00
Filed: 1958-01-24
Abstract: 895,931. Electric incinerators. BUCKLE, E. P. April 9, 1959 [Jan. 24, 1958], No. 2542/58. Classes 39(3) and 126. In an incinerator which comprises a combustion chamber mounted in spaced relationship to an outer casing and means for cooling the outer casing by circulation of air and/or gases and for withdrawing combustion gases by induced draught, one or more electric heating elements. of variable heat output are mounted at or near the base of the combustion chamber and are shrouded, e.g. by a plate or by individual hard ceramic cylinders, from contact with the chamber or its contents. As shown, each heating element 13 comprises heat resistant wire 25 wound spirally on a cylindrical hard ceramic former 26 and is removably enclosed in a shroud 16, the shrouds being mounted with their ends projecting through a frame 22. A fan 11 driven by a motor 12 draws air through the outer casing of the incinerator 1 and forces combustion gases through an outlet 14 and a hood (not shown) in which a Venturi tube is mounted to the flue outlet 10. Riddling means comprises a rod 18 supporting transverse bars 17. At their end point and rotatable by a handle 19 against the action of springs (not shown) to rock the bars 17 in the spaces between the elements 13. Specification 723,482 is referred to.
Patent GB-1383531-A (GB)
Title: Timepiece movement
IPC: G04B27/00
Filed: 1972-01-20
Abstract: 1383531 Geographical and universal timepieces SUWA SEIKOSHA KK 20 Jan 1972 [12 Feb 1971] 2547/72 Heading G3T A timepiece movement comprises a rotatable stem 27 which is axially movable into three positions 40, 41, 42; first and second timeindicating means; and a seconds hand 13; rotation of stem 27 when in a first position effecting adjustment of the first time-indicating means and of hand 13, rotation of stem 27 when in a second position effecting adjustment of the second timeindicating means only, and rotation of stem 27 when in a third position effecting adjustment of neither the first or second time-indicator means nor of the seconds hand 13. As shown, a watch 35 is provided with a second hour hand 15 in addition to the conventional hour, minute and seconds hands 11, 12, 13, and the seconds hand 13 is stopped only in the radially outermost position 40 of the stem 27. In position 40, rotation of the stem 27 adjusts hands 11, 12, 13, whilst in the intermediate position 41 rotation adjusts hand 15 only. If the watch has a balance wheel 20, Fig. 2, rotation thereof is prevented by a braking lever 43 actuated on pulling out of stem 27. In a quartz crystal watch, a re-setting switch (not shown) may be operated when stem 27 is pulled to the radially outer position. In a timing fork watch, in which a timing fork oscillator drives a ratchet wheel, a pawl, (not shown), may be removed from the ratchet wheel when the stem 27 is pulled to the radially outer position. In position 42 rotation of stem 27 may effect winding of the watch.
Patent GB-413387-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in valves and cocks
IPC: F16K1/38
Filed: 1933-01-26
Abstract: 413,387. Valves. NORMAN, P. W., 24, Beeches Walk, Carshalton, Surrey. Jan. 26, 1933, No. 2554. [Class 135.] In a tap or cock for casks &c., the end of a conical plug valve 6, operated by a pull handle 8<a> or screwed to engage the knurled cap 8, lies flush with the outlet orifice when the valve is closed, so minimizing the surface area then exposed to damp and atmosphere. The valve end 4 may be ribbed or otherwise strengthened to withstand blows when the cock is tapped into the cask. A washer 10 may be interposed between the cap 8 and packing 9.
Patent GB-469477-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electron discharge devices
IPC: H01J43/04
Filed: 1936-01-27
Abstract: 469,477. Electron multipliers. MARCONI'S WIRELESS TELEGRAPH CO., Ltd. Jan. 27, 1936, No. 2586. Convention date, Jan. 30, 1935. [Classes 39 (i) and 40 (v)] A multiplier comprises a positively-biassed target electrode, an output electrode positively biassed with respect to the target, a " withdrawing " electrode also positively biassed with respect to the target and opposite to it and a cathode, and a magnetic field is set up parallel to the target surface. In one form, Fig. 2, an indirectly-heated cathode is surrounded by a cylindrical grid 51 having an apertured end 53 with a gauze 55, a set of multiplying target electrodes 3, and an oppositely-disposed set of withdrawing electrodes 5, each mounted on a mica sheet 7, and an output electrode 19. A magnetic field parallel to the target electrodes and perpendicular to the axis of the tube is set up by a pair of plates outside the tube joined by a U-shaped member on which is wound an energizing coil, or by a permanent magnet or solenoid. The electrodes are biassed by tappings on a potentiometer, the first withdrawing electrode 5 being at a higher potential than the last target 3. In a modification, the thermionic cathode is dispensed with and an additional electrode 3 serves as a photo-electric cathode. The withdrawing electrodes may be of molybdenum, tantalum, or nickel and the targets of silver. Discharges are passed between each pair of electrodes 3, 5 in oxygen at 1 mm. until the targets are oxidized to a bluish-green colour. Caesium, sodium, rubidium or potassium is distilled in after pumping, and the tube is heated for ten minutes at 210‹ C. Excess alkali metal may be taken up by a lead oxide getter. In another modification, the sets of targets and withdrawing electrodes may be combined into single resistive films formed, for example, by sputtering metal on to mica, and a potential gradient may be maintained along them. For generating oscillations, a tuned circuit may be connected in any target lead, so that the device acts as a dynatron, succeeding stages amplifying the oscillations. The input and output circuits of the tube shown in Fig. 2, may instead be coupled together for a generator or the tube may serve as a detector. Modulation may be applied to the lead to any target which is oscillating.
Patent GB-931722-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to flashing warning or guiding lamps
IPC: G08B5/38
Filed: 1961-01-23
Abstract: 931,722. Beacons. M. C. HARLEY. Jan. 22, 1962 [Jan. 23, 1961], No. 2613/61. Classes 75 (2) and 75 (4). A flashing guiding or warning lamp comprises a concentrated electric light source, a reflector serving to project all the emitted light as a vertical beam, an auxiliary conical or partconical reflector from which the beam is projected on a horizontal plane covering a substantial angle and a rotating shutter means so formed as to permit emission of part only of the light from the lamp, so as to produce, on rotation of the shutter the effect of a flashing light. In place of a separate shutter, one of the reflectors may have non-reflecting sectors or be covered by sectors of masking material. In the form shown, a bulb 5 is mounted in a socket at the apex of a reflector 3, the filament being situated at the focus of a parabolic reflector 7, the edges of which are connected by a cylindrical window 8 to the base of the reflector 3. A cylinder 9 which may have three equally spaced openings 10 surrounds the window 8 and is rotated on a shaft 1] coaxial with the reflectors 3, 7 by a pulley 14 driven by a motor 13. A cap 6 surrounds the base of the bulb 5 to cut off direct light from the bulb to the reflector 3 and window 8. In a modification, the shutter is in the form of a disc arranged between the reflectors. Alternatively it may be of similar shape to and arranged adjacent to one or other of the reflectors. Specifications 633,367 and 900,907 are referred to.
Patent GB-102084-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Electric Heating Apparatus.
Inventor: RAILING MAX JOHN
IPC: F24C7/04
Filed: 1916-02-22
Abstract: 102,084. Railing, M. J., and Farthing, J. H. Feb. 22, 1916. Electric radiators. - The body and framework a of an open electric radiator are made of ceramic material, such as porcelain or earthenware, and may be enamelled, coloured, or glazed in any convenient manner.
Patent GB-370539-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in palladium rhodium alloy and method of electro-depositing same
IPC: C25D3/50
Filed: 1931-01-28
Abstract: An alloy of palladium and rhodium free from other metals is deposited by electrolysis.
Patent GB-686668-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to knife blades
IPC: B26B9/00
Filed: 1949-02-01
Abstract: 686,668. Knives. PARKIN, C., PARKIN, H., and PARKIN F., [trading as PARKIN BROS.] Jan. 30, 1950 [Feb. 1, 1949], No. 2782/49. Class 30 [Also in Group XXII] In a knife blade, of the kind having spaced grooves near the cutting edge in one or both faces of the cutting blade, the grooves intersect the cutting edge forming curved lips which project into the opposite face of the blade. As shown, curved lips 7 project alternately into the faces 3, 4 of the blade 1 and are formed where the base 5 of each groove 2 intersects the cutting edge 6 by subjecting the blade to the action of the rounded edge of a grinding wheel. Before the groove is completed the blade is tilted from a position tangential to the wheel to increase the angle between it and the wheel and displace the thin web of material to form the curved, projecting lip.
Patent GB-849529-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to hydrodynamic brake systems
IPC: F16D57/04
Filed: 1957-01-25
Abstract: 849,529. Cooling systems for hydro-dy. namic brake units. THOMPSON PRODUCTS Inc. Jan. 25, 1957 [Feb. 2, 1956], No. 2816/57. Class 64(3) [Also in Group XXXIV] In a hydro-dynamic braking arrangement for a road vehicle, a liquid-cooled engine 10 drives shaft 11 drivingly connected to an intermediate braking shaft 12 of a hydro-dynamic brake. unit 15 connected to the final output shaft 13 of the vehicle. The braking fluid used is of a non-volatile nature, e.g. lubricating oil or the like, and is provided in a completely closed hydraulic brake circuit such that the fluid enters the brake unit 15 through connectors 28, is forced through the unit and through a conduit 29 to a heat exchanger 18 in which it is cooled by the engine coolant liquid before passing through a conduit 30 back to the brake. Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specifications 725,140 and 736,127.
Patent GB-113654-A (GB)
Title: Method of and Apparatus for Pumping Liquid.
Inventor: CAMPBELL OSMON BEVERLY
IPC: F04B17/02
Filed: 1917-02-27
Abstract: 113,654. Campbell, O. B. Feb. 27, 1917. Actuating by gas-engines.-The piston 26 of a pump actuated by an internal-combustion engine 4 is rigidly connected to the motor piston 3, and the liquid is forced on the upstroke of the pistons through a conduit 16 arranged between the pump and motor cylinder, and thence through a pipe 29, and the return flow of the liquid in the pipe 29 returns the pistons and compresses the combustible charge in the motor cylinder. The charge enters the cylinders 4 through the pipe 6, and on the upstroke of the pistons, is forced through the pipe 9 to the explosion chamber, where it is compressed on the downward movement of the pistons.
Patent GB-616167-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to heat-treatment furnaces
IPC: F27D1/00
Filed: 1946-01-30
Abstract: 616,167. Furnace walls. DOWSON & MASON GAS PLANT CO., Ltd., and LEONARD, L. G. A. Jan. 30, 1946, No. 2971. [Class 51 (ii)] Walls for a heat treatment furnace are built in superposed sections, each of which comprises one or more courses of brickwork secured to the outer casing O by means of rods M passing through lugs N attached to the casing and through key blocks H, the tie rods of each section of the wall being staggered relatively to those in adjacent sections, Fig. 2 (not shown). Hollow buttress blocks E may provide vertical flues F and further vertical passages G may be formed as shown. In a modification the tie rods M, though arrarged parallel to the vertical outer casing O are set at an angle to the vertical. Specification 616,166 is referred to.
Patent GB-1287654-A (GB)
Title: Mass colouration of synthetic polyamides
IPC: C08K5/42
Filed: 1970-01-22
Abstract: 1287654 Mass and spin dyeing of polyamides BADISCHE ANILIN - SODA - FABRIK AG 22 Jan 1970 [23 Jan 1969] 3090/70 Heading C3R Synthetic polyamide granules are treated at from 70-180‹ C. with a liquor containing the dye washed with water, and dried. The CH 3  group may be in the o-, m-, or, especially, the p-position. The granules may have size <10 mm.; preferably their edge length is 1-3 mm. The dye is applied dispersed or dissolved in H 2 O and/or a water-miscible organic liquid, e.g. CH 3 OH, dimethylformamide, or a glycol; the dye concentration in the liquor is 0À00001-30% wt. During dyeing, e.g. for 1-3 hrs., the mixture of granules and dye-liquor is preferably stirred. The dyed granules may then be filtered off, washed with water, and dried, e.g. by centrifuging and drying in vacuo at 1 hour and 80‹ C. The granules may then be extruded into filaments drawn to 5 denier/filament. The polyamide may be nylon-6. Specification 1,208,402 is referred to.
Patent GB-811045-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in inflatable craft
Inventor: EDWARDS DAVID VERNON
IPC: B63B7/08
Filed: 1957-01-29
Abstract: 811,045. Inflatable craft. R.F.D. CO. Ltd. Jan. 24, 1958 [Jan. 29, 1957], No. 3137/57. Class 113. [Also in Group XXIX] An inflatable craft comprising one or more tubular buoyancy chambers 10 at least along each side of the craft and an air- and watertight fabric floor having two skins 12, 13 supported by said chamber or chambers in spaced apart relationship to form one or more closed compartments, has means for controlling the amount of air entering the said floor to produce a partial vacuum therein when the two skins are drawn apart by inflation of said buoyancy chamber or chambers, and a keel member 14 for maintaining a predetermined spacing between the skins of the floor. Said means comprise a valve or valves (see Group XXIX) in the skin 12, which valve or valves may not only allow air to enter the floor compartment but may be used to withdraw air to maintain the required vacuum or be used to inflate said compartment in an emergency. The floor skins may present an open channel for the receipt of the keel member 14, which channel is closed by lacing arranged in the skin 12. The member 14 may be an inflatable tube. The craft has a transom 11 to which an outboard motor may be attached and a thwart 18 which may be a rigid or an inflatable member.
Patent GB-972915-A (GB)
Title: Electrodialysis
IPC: H01M8/06
Filed: 1961-01-26
Abstract: In an electrodialysis process, energy used in releasing unwanted decomposition products of a solvent is regenerated or recovered by a subsequent electrochemical dissolution of the decomposition products. A decomposition product of the solvent formed electrolytically at an electrode is electrochemically converted back to the solvent at an electrode of polarity opposite to the polarity of the electrode at which the product was formed. In the electrodialysis of aqueous systems the electrodes can be (1) reversible hydrogen electrodes where hydrogen evolved at the cathode is led through piping to the anode, (2) reversible oxygen electrodes where oxygen evolved at the anode is led through piping to the cathode, (3) electrodes which store hydrogen in atomic form, e.g. Group VIII metals such as Pd or Raney Ni or Group IVa metals such as Ti.  The electrode after being cathodically stored with hydrogen in the cathode compartment is then transferred to the anode compartment and anodically discharged, (4) oxygen storing electrodes, e.g. a Ag-AgO electrode.  In alkaline solutions Ni, Fe or Cd hydroxide electrodes may be used.  The electrode stores oxygen in the anode compartment and is then transferred to the cathode compartment.  In one example KOH solution is produced from K2CO3 solution (a) using hydrogen electrodes, hydrogen evolved at the cathode being led to the anode and electrochemically dissolved and (b) using oxygen electrodes, oxygen evolved at a Pt or C anode being collected, freed from CO2 by freezing with dry ice and then led to the cathode.  The latter is of Ni with Raney Ag embedded therein. In another example KCl is separated into KOH and HCl.  When using gas electrodes the same quantity of gas must be dissolved at one electrode as is evolved at the other and to make good any gas losses a gas storage device may be connected to the piping connecting the gas electrodes.  Reference is made to the following Specifications which disclose specific electrodes which may be used in the process of the present invention. Specifications 797,944, 806,644, 907,907 and 931,778 are referred to.
Patent GB-192285-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to electromagnetic relays
IPC: H01H51/02
Filed: 1922-02-03
Abstract: 192,285. British L.M. Ericsson Manufacturing Co., Ltd., and Crowe, W. M. Feb. 3, 1922. Relays.-In an electromagnetic relay having two or more electromagnets, with corresponding armatures and contacts, mounted on a common yoke forming part of the magnetic circuit of each of the magnets, the magnets are arranged alternately on opposite sides of the yoke. The contacts and armatures (which may be of pivoted or knife-edge type) are also alternately arranged, the contacts proper to one magnet being adjacent to and on the same side of the yoke as the next magnet. Fig. 1 shows two magnets E<1>, E<2> mounted on opposite sides of a common yoke Y, the inner end of which is cut to provide two portions respectively bent upwards and downwards for connection to the corresponding cores C<1>, C<2>. The armatures A<1>, A<2> are mounted on the outer end of the yoke. Contact springs CS<2> operated by armature A<2> are shown adjacent to the magnet E'.
Patent GB-984493-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to spectacles
IPC: G02C1/04
Filed: 1964-01-27
Abstract: 984,493. Lens mounting for spectacle frames. R. LANCON. Jan. 27, 1964 [Jan. 31, 1963], No. 3391/64. Heading G2J. A spectacle frame has a nose-bridge and two curved brow bars 1 each of which is grooved at 2 so that a corresponding projected lens 3 can be slid into the groove and held there by the difference in curvature between the lens and the bar, one of them being resilient. If desired the lens may be locked in the groove by known means or by shaping the hinge end 4a of side arm 4 so that in its open position it abuts end 3b of the lens and locks it in the groove.
Patent GB-115449-A (GB)
Title: Improved Process for the Manufacture of Ammonia or its Salts.
Inventor: ORE ERNEST
IPC: C01C1/08
Filed: 1917-03-07
Abstract: 115,449. Ore, E. March 7, 1917. Ammoniacal liquor, separating and treating; con. densing, scrubbing, and washing plant and processes.-Relates to apparatus for the manufacture of ammonia ur its salts by the carbonisation or distillation of organic matter in a closed vessel. The ammonia is directly converted into sulphate or other compound without the intermediary process of dissolving in water and subsequently heating the solution. The products of distillation enter a column 1 containing disks &c. which cool the gas and receive tar and ammonia waters. These liquids descend to the bottom of the column, where they separate by gravity, the tar being discharged towards the left of the column and the condensed water, which is too hot to dissolve ammonia, passing into a column 2 charged with lime. This decomposes the ammonium salts, liberating ammonia, which returns to the column 1, and ascends with the gas therein. The gas then enters surface condensers 3 and shock condensers 4, the condensates from which return by gravity to the column 1. The gas, now freed from tar, is driven by a fan 5 into a sulphuric acid saturator 6 and passes thence, free from ammonia, through an acid retainer 7 to a condenser 8. The sulphate formed in the saturator 6 is withdrawn by means of an ejector and sent to an hydro-extractor 9, whence it falls on a conveyer band. The liquor from the hydro-extractor is received in a tank 10 and returned to the saturator 6. When the condensation of tar takes place at a high temperature, a detarring apparatus is placed in front of the column 1, which is then formed without means for discharging tar from its lower portion, and a watercooled retrograde dephlegmator receives the gas from the column 1 and transmits it to the saturator 6, the condensers 3, 4 being omitted.
Patent GB-1083654-A (GB)
Title: Production of vitreous silica
IPC: C04B35/653
Filed: 1965-08-10
Abstract: A method of continuously producing a vitreous silica aggregate containing not more than 15% cristobalite comprises feeding a crystalline quartz raw material which occurs naturally in massive form and with negligible intercrystalline material, in lump form to a rotary kiln, maintaining the temperature of the hot zone of the kiln above the equilibrium melting point of the quartz raw material and below the equilibrium melting point of cristobalite, allowing the material to tumble downwardly through the kiln so as to heat the raw material to the temperature of the hot zone of the kiln, holding the material in the hot zone for a period sufficiently long to decompose the crystalline structure of the raw material and form a predominantly amorphous state in the material, this period not exceeding 1.5 hours, removing the heated material from the hot zone of the kiln and then quenching it to form a vitreous silica aggregate containing not more than 15% cristobalite.  The quartz is preferably heated to 1600 DEG -1700 DEG  C. and quenched at a rate of cooling of 110 DEG  C. per minute.  The preferred starting material is a quartzite having an average crystallite diameter of 5-10 microns, containing a negligible amount of intercrystalline material and crushed to give lumps averaging 0.5 to 2 inches in diameter.