Patent GB-1062253-A (GB)
Title: A hydrostatic power transmission and step change mechanical gear box arranged in series
Inventor: KEMPSON BERTRAM CARL
IPC: F16H47/02
Filed: 1962-12-06
Abstract: 1,062,253. Change speed and clutch control. DOWTY HYDRAULIC UNITS Ltd. Nov. 29, 1963 [Dec. 6, 1962 (2); Dec. 24, 1962], Nos. 46109/62, 46111/62 and 48601/62. Headings F2C. F2D and F2L.  A control for a change speed gear 6 in series behind a hydrostatic transmission 1, 2 comprises means to override the normal control of the hydrostatic transmission and reduce or increase its pump displacement during upshift or downshift in the gear 6, and a synchronism detector differentially driven from the input and output shafts 5, 7 of the gear 6 or a main clutch which prevents engagement of the ratio establishing clutches in the gear 6 or the main clutch (Fig. 2) until synchronism is attained and at synchronism terminates the override control of the hydrostatic transmission. In Fig. 1 the change speed gear 6 is in series behind a hydrostatic transmission having a variable displacement pump 1 and a fixed or variable displacement motor 2 in closed fluid circuit and the ratio establishing clutches of the gear 6 are controlled by a valve 12 which selectively supplies pressure liquid from an engine-driven pump 17 to the clutches. For ratio shift a manually operated lever 23 is moved towards the up or down position and a pawl 24 thereon engages ratchet teeth 26 or 27 on a plate 18 to rotate the latter about a pivot 22 through one ratio shift position. The movement of the plate 18 acts through a link 21 on a spool 13 of the valve 12 to move the latter axially. The valve spool 13 is held in the ratio establishing positions by a detent 14. To prevent establishment of the selected ratio until synchronism is attained, a valve spool 36 isolates the pump 17 from a pressure supply part 16 of the valve 12 whenever the lever 23 is moved from the central position shown and the lever 23 is retained in the up or down position until synchronism by a pin 29 on a bell-crank 31 of the synchronism detector engaging a slot 32 in the lever. During upshift the lever 23 moves the valve spool 36 right to vent both chambers of a differential pressure servomotor 42 which controls the displacement of the pump 1 whereupon springs 43 centre the servo-piston 41 and reduce pump displacement to zero and thus slow the motor 2 and input shaft 5 of gear 6 to facilitate synchronism. During down shift the valve spool is moved right to isolate the pump 17 from part 16 without venting the servo chambers, whereupon the delivery of the pump 1 and the speed of motor 2 increase under no load conditions as described below to facilitate synchronism. The synchronism detector, Fig. 1, comprises input and output driven pumps 57, 58 which deliver through variable and fixed orifices 64, 68. The size of the orifice 64 being determined by the gear ratio to be engaged. The pressures in the pump output lines 61, 67 are applied to the ends of a servomotor 34 connected to the bell-crank 31 and are arranged to be equal when the ratio of the input and output shaft speeds is equal to the selected gear ratio, whereupon the servopiston 34 is centred and the pin 29 on the bellcrank releases the lever 23 which is returned to the position shown by springs 30. The valve spool 36 is thus returned to the position shown to reconnect the pump 17 to the part 16 for ratio establishment. The ratio of the hydrostatic transmission is controlled by a servomotor 42 in response to the pressure drop across a variable orifice 45. An engine-driven pump 44 delivers at a rate proportional to engine speed through the orifice 45, the size of which is controlled by a tapered needle 46 axially positioned by an engine speed control lever 47. The pump 44, orifice 45 and servomotor 42 form a governor which for a given setting of the control lever 47 maintains the engine speed constant by varying the displacement of the pump. The pressure difference across the orifice 45 is applied to the servomotor 42 through restrictors 55, 56 and a reversing valve 54. A valve 73 controlled by a pedal 74 connects the ends of the servomotor 42 for hydraulic braking. Make up fluid is supplied from the pump 44 through a cooler, filter and line 49 to both the hydrostatic transmission and the synchronism detector. Excess pressure in the hydrostatic transmission acts through a shuttle valve (not shown) and line 77 on a valve 76 to vent the high pressure side of the servomotor 42 and thus reduce pump displacement. In Figs. 2 and 3 (not shown) the ratio establishing clutches are engaged without delay and a main clutch between the hydrostatic and mechanical gears is disengaged during ratio shift on movement of the lever 23. The input and output elements of the clutch drive the sun and ring gear of a differential gear in opposite directions and the planet carrier is connected through a friction drag coupling to the bell-crank 31. The arrangement is such that at synchronism the planet carrier ceases to rotate, whereupon the bell-crank frees the lever 23 and permits clutch engagement. In Figs. 4 and 5 (not shown) the synchronism detector comprises a subsidiary gear having the same ratios as the main gear. Both gears have a common output and the inputs drive the sun and ring gears of a differential gear in opposite directions. On initiation of ratio shift a ratio is established in the subsidiary gear corresponding to the ratio to be engaged in the main gear and on synchronism of the input shafts of the gears the planet carrier of the differential ceases to rotate, whereupon the bell-crank 31 which is connected to the planet carrier through a friction drag coupling frees the gear control lever 23 to permit establishment of the main gear ratio. In Fig. 6 (not shown), the synchronism detector comprises input and output driven spring-controlled governors which act on a floating lever linked to a detent mechanism for the control lever 23. The spring loading of the input driven governor is adjusted according to the gear ratio to be engaged. In Fig. 7 (not shown) the synchronism detector comprises input and output driven generators which energize relays of opposite polarity. The input driven generator is connected to the appropriate tapping of its relay according to the gear ratio to be engaged so that at synchronism the relays produce equal and opposite magnetic effects thereby releasing a contact to break the circuit to a solenoid operated valve which vents the liquid pressure motor of a detent to free the control lever 23. Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 945,350.