baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20030024604-A (KR)
Title: Continuous printing and mounting apparatus for film-like printing body
Inventor: MURAKAMI TAKEHIKO
IPC: H05K1/00
Filed: 2002-09-16
Abstract: PURPOSE: To stretch a film-like printed body being processed in each process of printing or mounting a component and to deliver a processed film-like printed body automatically by a specified stroke. CONSTITUTION: A feeding unit 1, a printing unit 2, component mounting units 3 and 4, a heating unit 5, and a winding unit 6 are arranged sequentially. Tension units 7 and 7 for stretching a film-like printed body during processing and delivering a processed film-like printed body automatically by a specified stroke are disposed between the feeding unit 1, the printing unit 2, the component mounting units 3 and 4, and the heating unit 5. The tension unit 7' cooperating with the heating unit 5 stretch the film-like printed body during processing and delivering a processed film-like printed body automatically by a specified stroke is disposed between the heating unit 5 and the winding unit 6.
Patent KR-20040024759-A (KR)
Title: Display apparatus
Inventor: KANG BYEONG JO
IPC: F16M11/10
Filed: 2002-09-16
Abstract: PURPOSE: A display device is provided to easily and precisely adjust an angle of a display main body by the OSD(On Screen Display) and to install various sizes of display main body to a wall. CONSTITUTION: An operating part(46) adjusts the angle of the display main body by operating an angle adjusting joint. An input part(42) inputs the user input for adjusting the angle. An OSD IC(48) generates an OSD signal for adjusting the angle. A controller(50) displays an angle adjusting menu on a screen(40) with the OSD signal depending on the user input, and controls the operating part in order to adjust the angle of the display main body according to selection with the angle adjusting menu.
Patent KR-20040025990-A (KR)
Title: Method and apparatus for detecting film mode in image signal processing
Inventor: JUNG BYEONG HWA
IPC: H04N5/45
Filed: 2002-09-17
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method and an apparatus for detecting a film mode in video signal processing are provided to prevent picture quality from being deteriorated even when a moving text exists in a film mode image. CONSTITUTION: A motion detector(1000) calculates a motion detection judgment value for each pixel using an input image of a current frame and an image delayed by one frame. A motion detection counter(207) calculates motion detection information. A motion variation judgment unit(208) generates a pattern of a variation in the motion detection information between the current frame and a previous frame delayed by one frame. A film mode judgment unit(212) decides a corresponding region as a film mode when the variation pattern of the motion detection information corresponds to a variation pattern of a film mode.
Patent KR-20030026876-A (KR)
Title: Magneto-resistive device including soft reference layer having embedded conductors
Inventor: TRAN LUNG T
IPC: H01L27/105
Filed: 2002-09-24
Abstract: PURPOSE: A magnetic memory device is provided to be capable of setting magnetization to a predetermined direction. CONSTITUTION: A magnetic memory device(10) is provided with a data ferromagnetic layer(12) having a magnetization that can be oriented in either of two directions, a dielectric layer, and the first and second conductive layer(20,22) separated from each other by the dielectric layer. The magnetic memory device further includes a reference layer having ferromagnetic cladding layers, formed at the upper portion of the first and second conductive layer, a data layer, and a spacer layer(16) between the data layer and the reference layer. Preferably, the cladding layer of the reference is ultra-soft. Preferably, the spacer layer is used as an insulating tunnel barrier.
Patent KR-20040031804-A (KR)
Title: Key button for portable radiotelephone
Inventor: KIM SANG HYEON
IPC: H04B1/38
Filed: 2002-10-01
Abstract: PURPOSE: A key button device of a portable wireless terminal is provided to perform a scroll function by rotating a portable wireless terminal on one side, and to carry out a selection function by being pressurized, thereby enabling a user to easily search desired contents by operating a scroll key button. CONSTITUTION: A fixed body(20) has a metal dome(23) taken out of an FPC(Flexible Printed Circuit)(91) of a terminal. A mobile body(30) is guided in a direction to which a key button device(10) is pressed in the fixed body(20), and selectively contacts with the metal dome(23). At least one elastic unit(36) supports the mobile body(30). A housing(50) has a round-shaped setting unit(51) whose one side is open. A round-shaped key button(80) is fixed to an outer circumference of the housing(50), and in which one side thereof(80) is protruded from the terminal. A rotation sensor senses a position of the terminal according to rotations of the key button(80).
Patent KR-20040037373-A (KR)
Inventor: PARK U YONG
IPC: G03G15/14
Filed: 2002-10-28
Abstract: PURPOSE: A wet type image forming device is provided to allow a separated liquid carrier to flow along a toner image transferred by a transfer medium, thereby preventing the density of the toner image led to a transfer roller from being changed. CONSTITUTION: At least one photo-receptor(130) on which an electrostatic latent image is formed is provided. At least one developing unit(140) develops the electrostatic latent image with a developer to form a toner image. A transcriber receives the toner image from the photo-receptor(130) to transfer the received toner image to a recording medium. The transcriber comprises a transfer medium(110) receiving the toner image from the photo-receptor(130) and traveling a track toward the recording medium by being sloped downward in a traveling direction, and a transfer backup roller(160) facing with the photo-receptor(130) by interposing the transfer medium(110) therebetween, wherein a line connecting the photo-receptor(130) and a center of the transfer backup roller(160) is vertical to a surface of the transfer medium(110).
Patent KR-20040041952-A (KR)
Title: Optical pickup
Inventor: KIM BONG GI
IPC: G11B7/1395
Filed: 2002-11-12
Abstract: PURPOSE: An optical pickup device is provided to remove the birefringence due to the ununiformity of an optical recording medium by using a polarized beam splitter. CONSTITUTION: A light source(21) irradiates a laser beam. A beam splitter(25) changes an advancing path of an incident light by reflecting a part of the incident light and passing the rest straightly. An objective lens(29) forms a beam spot on the optical recording medium by collecting the light passing the non-linear beam splitter. A polarized beam splitter(41) passes the polarized light of the incident light and reflects the differently polarized light. The first optical detector(35) receives the polarized light passing the polarized beam splitter and the beam splitter. The second optical detector(45) receives the differently polarized light reflected from the polarized beam splitter.
Patent KR-20030042417-A (KR)
Inventor: SAKURAI SOICHI
IPC: H01J29/70
Filed: 2002-11-21
Abstract: PURPOSE: A deflection yoke and a cathode ray tube device are provided to improve deflection sensitivity of a minor deflection yoke and reduce or suppress a crosstalk voltage. CONSTITUTION: An electron beam trajectory controlling device comprises a main deflection section(2) having a first main coil and defining a first path and being configured to control a trajectory of an electron traveling along the first path, the main deflection section including a first auxiliary coil provided proximate the first main coil, and a minor deflection section(3) provided adjacent to the main deflection section and having a first minor coil that is coupled to the first auxiliary coil, the minor deflection section defining a second electron path that is aligned to the first path, the minor deflection section cooperating with the main deflection section to control the trajectory of the electron.
Patent KR-20040046962-A (KR)
Title: an electrode sensor of washer
Inventor: SONG YEONG HAN
IPC: D06F39/08
Filed: 2002-11-28
Abstract: PURPOSE: An electrode sensor for a washing machine is provided to insert an exact amount of detergent at a washing, to improve the washing efficiency and to reduce the environmental pollution by reducing an error when the conductivity of washing water is measured. CONSTITUTION: A sensor housing(81) is inclined to flow deposited foreign substances between a first electrode(84) and a second electrode(86) toward the downstream not to change a current value by the foreign substances. The upper part of the sensor housing is round to flow the foreign substances outward. Thereby, the solidity of washing water is measured exactly by reducing an error of a measured value of the conductivity between the electrodes.
Patent KR-20030015172-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE JEONG MIN
IPC: B65D77/28
Filed: 2002-11-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: A container for beverage being usable for multiple purposes is provided to make one single-designed beverage container being adaptable for various kinds of beverages and some other foods together, and to help storing and treating mass containers easily in big stores. CONSTITUTION: The container includes a body(10) shaped like a cup for receiving liquid, and a cover(20) assembled on the top of the body. Various shapes of a coupling feature for the body and the cover is provided on the top. A coupling rim on the upper end includes a round protrusion or a round groove or a screw way, etc. The cover has any shape, and includes a dome unit(21) upwardly protruded, and the dome unit includes a straw through hole and a straw support unit(22). The dome unit includes a first and a second coupling unit(25) fitting into the coupling rim of the body. The first and the second coupling unit have a shape depending on the shape of the coupling rim, and are structured such that the cover is fixed to the body either straightly or up-side down.
Patent KR-20040054027-A (KR)
Title: Seat with double sliding structure
Inventor: CHA JIN YEONG
IPC: B60N2/07
Filed: 2002-12-16
Abstract: PURPOSE: A seat with double-sliding structure is provided to secure a wider space in a vehicle by properly using the space of an instrument panel and a first row seat unit and to use a complete full flat function over the whole second and fourth row seats. CONSTITUTION: A seat with double-sliding structure is composed of an upper rail unit(11) installed under a cushion unit of the seat of a vehicle to slide back and forth the seats and a lower rail unit(10) mounted to the lower end of the upper rail unit to integrally slide back and forth the upper rail unit and the seats. Accordingly, the double-sliding seat secures a wider inner space of a rear part by doubly sliding a first row seat and backrest units(6) of a second row seat is arranged continuously with cushion units of a third row by completely pulling back the backrest units of the second row seat after doubly sliding the seats of the second row to the first row.
Patent KR-20040059300-A (KR)
Title: Nanostructure comprising magnetic material and nanomaterial and method for manufacturing thereof
Inventor: JUNG SEOK U
IPC: H01F1/00
Filed: 2002-12-28
Abstract: PURPOSE: A nanostructure comprising magnetic material and nanomaterial, which can be suitably used as a magnetic material in various magnetic report media, is provided by arranging magnetic nano-particles in a uniform way to have high density. CONSTITUTION: The nanostructure comprising magnetic material and nanomaterial comprises a magnetic material deposited on the front-end of the nanomaterials which have grown upward on a substrate. The nanomaterial is selected from a group consisting of ZnO, GaN, Si, InP, InAs, GaAs, Ge and a carbon nanotube, and the magnetic material is selected from a group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Gadolinium, alloy of above the materials, and ferrite. The deposition method is selected from sputtering, thermal or e-beam evaporation, pulse laser deposition, molecular beam epitaxy or chemical vapor deposition.
Patent KR-20040059877-A (KR)
Title: Method for fabrication of semiconductor device using gate-reoxidation
Inventor: CHO HEUNG JAE
IPC: H01L21/336
Filed: 2002-12-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device is provided to prevent oxidation of a metal film and agglomeration by reducing the oxidation temperature and time of selective gate re-oxidation processing. CONSTITUTION: A gate oxide layer is formed on a semiconductor substrate(S11). A gate conductive layer is formed on the gate oxide layer(S12). A gate electrode is formed by selectively etching the gate conductive layer(S13). The exposed substrate is treated by plasma to increase oxidation speed(S14). Then, a GGO(Gate Graded Oxide) layer is formed by performing selective gate re-oxidation processing(S15).
Patent KR-20040061964-A (KR)
Title: Electrostatic discharge protecting circuit in semicondoctor device
Inventor: HONG GI WON
IPC: H01L27/04
Filed: 2002-12-31
Abstract: PURPOSE: An electrostatic discharge protection circuit of a semiconductor device is provided to control a discharging operation of a normal transistor by using the normal transistor as an electrostatic discharge protection element. CONSTITUTION: An electrostatic discharge protection circuit of a semiconductor device includes the first pad(100) for supplying a supply voltage, the second pad(102) for supplying a ground voltage, and the third pad(104) for supplying an input signal. The electrostatic discharge protection circuit of a semiconductor device further includes a power supply line, a ground line, an input/output protection circuit, an input buffer circuit, a normal transistor, and a trigger circuit. The power supply line(106) is connected to the first pad. The ground line(108) is connected to the second pad. The input/output protection circuit(110) is connected between the power supply line and the ground line. The input buffer circuit(112) is connected between the power supply line and the ground line in order to buffer an input signal. The normal transistor(114) is connected between the power supply line and the ground line in order to control a current path between the power supply line and the ground line. The trigger circuit(116) is connected between the power supply line and the ground line in order to control the timing of the normal transistor.
Patent KR-20020037346-A (KR)
Title: Method for Determining Amount of Water to be Added to a NiCd Cell
IPC: H01M10/30
Filed: 2000-08-18
Abstract: Deficiencies in the electrolyte level of the cells of NiCd battery can be detected by measuring the internal resistance of the cells. Initially, data is collected for a battery type and capacity, correlating measured internal resistance with the amount of water that must be added to bring the cell resistance to an acceptable value. Subsequently, cells of other batteries of the same type and capacity can be measured to determine how much water must be added and the levels quickly restored. The polarization value of the cells can be used lieu of the internal resistance in the same fashion.
Patent KR-20020037356-A (KR)
IPC: H01L21/302
Filed: 2000-09-08
Abstract: 본 발명은 집적회로 디바이스와 같은 마이크로일렉트로닉 디바이스를 제공한다. 그 디바이스는 비아, 연결 금속부(interconnect metallization) 및 서로다른 저유전상수의 중간금속 유전체를 사용하는 배선라인을 가진다. 저유전상수(k)를 갖는 유기질 및 무기질 유전체 양자의 사용은 이러한 두종류의 유전체의 현저하게 다른 플라즈마 에치특성때문에 잇점을 제공한다. 하나의 유전체가 다른 하나의 유전체를 에칭함에 있어 에치스탑으로 작용하므로 어떠한 추가적인 에치스탑층이 요구되지 않는다. 마이크로일렉트로닉 디바이스는 기판과 그 기판상에 위치된 제1 유전체 물질층을 가지므로 형성된다. 제2 유전체 물질층은 상기 제1 유전체층상에 위치되며, 상기 제1 유전체 물질의 추가적인 층이 상기 제2 유전체 재료상에 위치되어 있다. 적어도 하나의 비아가 상기 제1 유전체 물질층과 상기 제2 유전체 물질층을 통하여 신장하고 있으며, 적어도 하나의 트랜치가 상기 제1 유전체 물질의 추가적인 층을 통하여 상기 비아로 신장하고 있다.
Patent KR-20020031181-A (KR)
Title: 반사 텍스쳐 표면의 렌더링 방법 및 장치
IPC: G06T11/00
Filed: 2000-09-08
Abstract: 스무스하지 않은 미러 또는 금속 표면의 텍스쳐가 간단하고 매우 효율적인 범프 맵핑 프로세스에 의해 발생될 수 있다.  컬러 이미지인 원래 이미지(Ia)는 제 1 조합 텍스쳐 이미지(Ie)를 발생하기 위해 제 1 조합 유닛(108)에 의해 상이한 위치들에 상이한 형상 영역들을 가진 그레이 패턴 이미지(Ib)와 조합된다.  원래 이미지(Is)는 확대된 원래 텍스쳐 이미지(If)를 발생하기 위해 법선 벡터의 방향 등을 포함하는 다각면(Op)의 속성(Opa)을 기초로 확대된다.  확대된 원래 텍스쳐 이미지(If)와 역 그레이 패턴 이미지(Id)는 제 2 조합된 텍스쳐 이미지(Ig)를 발생하기 위해 제 2 조합 유닛(112)에 의해 서로 조합된다.  상기 제 1 조합 텍스쳐 이미지(Ie)와 제 2 조합 텍스쳐 이미지(Ig)는 제 3 조합 텍스쳐 이미지(Ih)를 발생하기 위해 서로 조합된다.  제 3 조합 텍스쳐 이미지(Ih)는 스무스하지 않은 미러 또는 금속 표면을 표현할 수 있다.
Patent KR-20020050241-A (KR)
IPC: H04B1/707
Filed: 2000-10-12
Abstract: The invention relates to a digital receiver part of a spread spectrum receiver, to which receiver part an intermediate-frequency signal (Sin) is applied, and from whose output a carrier and code demodulated signal (Sout) is obtained, comprising a code mixer (204) for code demodulation of the signal by means of a local spreading code replica, a carrier mixer (202) for carrier demodulation of the signal by means of a local carrier replica, and first decimation means (305). The receiver part of the invention is characterized in that said code mixer (204) is arranged to precede said carrier mixer (202) on the signal path, said first decimation means (305) are arranged between said code mixer (204) and said carrier mixer (202), and the output of the carrier mixer (202) is functionally connected as an output (Sout) of the digital receiver part.
Patent KR-20020065579-A (KR)
Title: Tensioner with damping mechanism
IPC: F16H7/12
Filed: 2000-12-13
Abstract: The invention comprises a tensioner that is particularly useful in micro-V front end accessory belt drive systems used in automotive applications where minimum tensioner bulk combined with maximum balancing and minimum pivot bushing wear in order to achieve maximum pulley alignment over the expected life of the tensioner. The belt tensioner of the invention is of the type with a base. A pivot-arm is attached to a cylindrical member that supports the pivot-arm and rotates about a pivot secured to the base. At least one sleeve-type bushing is positioned on the pivot and includes a bearing surface that supports the cylindrical member. A pulley is attached to the pivot-arm for engaging the belt and receives a belt load that generates a belt force component that is transmitted to the cylindrical member (hub load) A torsion spring having one end connected to the base and another end interconnected to a damping means generates a damping force component acting in the opposite direction as the belt force component. The damping means is mounted substantially between the pivot-arm and the bushing along a plane parallel with the pivot.
Patent KR-20020077449-A (KR)
IPC: H04N5/45
Filed: 2001-11-29
Abstract: 텔레비젼과 같은 비디오 디스플레이 장치는 픽쳐 인 픽쳐 디스플레이 (picture-in-picture display)와 프로세서를 가진다. 상기 프로세서는 1차 디스플레이 이미지에 나타나는 컬러/텍스쳐/이벤트들/움직임들 등과 같은, 상기 PIP에 의해 가려지는 단서들을 검출한다. 이러한 단서들은 상기 1차 디스플레이 이미지의 중요한 부분들과 상대적으로 중요하지 않은 부분들을 결정하는 프로세서에 의해 이용된다. 그 후, 상기 프로세서는 상기 PIP 디스플레이 특성에서 어떤 변경이 상기 1차 디스플레이 이미지의 중요 부분을 덜 가리도록 상기 PIP를 유도할 것인지 결정하고, 상기 프로세서는 상기 PIP의 디스플레이 특성을 변경한다. 상기 프로세서에 의해 변경되는 상기 PIP 디스플레이 특성들은 상기 PIP 위치, 크기 및 투명도이다. 상기 프로세서는 또한 상기 1차 디스플레이 이미지의 중요한 부분들과 상대적으로 중요하지 않은 부분들을 결정하기 위해 검출된 단서들의 조합을 이용한다. 상기 프로세서는 또한 상기 PIP의 디스플레이 특성들의 조합들을 변경한다.
Patent KR-20020095468-A (KR)
Title: Liquid glue consistency control method in gluing machine for preliminarily wetting warps
IPC: D06B23/28
Filed: 2001-03-12
Abstract: A method of controlling a liquid glue consistency in a liquid glue device to a specified target value with a constant-consistency make-up liquid glue kept supplied. A method of controlling a liquid glue consistency in a gluing device, in a gluing machine that comprises a wetting device (2) and a gluing device (10) and glues warps (1) after wetting them, characterized in that the liquid glue consistency D of the gluing device (10) is detected or estimated, and, when the liquid glue consistency D of the gluing device (10) deviates from a specified control value, wetting to warps (1) is controlled so that a measured value of a pickup ratio PW of water from the wetting device (2) for the warps (1) approaches its target ratio PW to thereby control the liquid glue consistency D to within a specified control value.
Patent KR-20020093882-A (KR)
Title: 내황산 노점 부식성이 우수한 강 및 공기 예열기
IPC: C22C38/00
Filed: 2002-02-01
Abstract: 본 발명은, 고온부터 저온에 이르는 모든 온도역에서 우수한 내황산 노점 부식성을 갖는 강과 이를 전열 요소에 이용한 공기 예열기에 관한 것으로, 질량 %로, C는 0.20% 이하, Si는 1.2 ~ 3.5%, Cu는 0.05 ~ 1.0%, Sb는 0.01 ~ 0.30%, Mn은 1.0% 이하, P는 0.05% 이하, S는 0.05% 이하, Al은 0.10% 이하를 함유하고, 잔부가 부수적 성분 및/또는 불가피한 불순물을 포함하는 Fe로 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 내황산 노점 부식성이 우수한 강에 관한 것이다. 또한, Cr ; 1.0% 이하, Mo : 1.0% 이하, Ni : 0.5% 이하, Nb : 0.1% 이하, V : 0.1% 이하, Ti : 0.1% 이하, Sn : 0.01 ~ 0.2%, 및 B : 0.0005 ~ 0.010% 중 1종 또는 2종 이상을 추가로 함유한다.
Patent KR-20030009487-A (KR)
IPC: F02B53/02
Filed: 2001-05-11
Abstract: 로터리 내연 기관은 로터 조립체가 그 회전 동안 변형하여 하우징 내부 윤곽형상에 연속적으로 적응하도록 동축 하우징내에 수용되어 있는 4-세그먼트(four-segment) 힌지식 로터 조립체를 포함한다. 폐쇄식 비원형 로터 하우징 내부 윤곽형상은 신규한 수학적 관계에 의해 정의된 곡선이다. 이 곡선은 하기와 같은 제약을 가지는 이등변 직각 직동 및 동시 회전 삼각형의 밑변 말단들(A 및 B)에 의해 생성되는 모든 지점들의 궤적이다 : 삼각형의 밑변(AB)(길이 c)의 중심(P)은 항상 지점 O에 중심을 두고있는 반경이 c/2인 내접원상에 위치하여야만 한다; 삼각형의 꼭지점(C)은 항상 r=cos(2θ) 형태의 곡선의 4개의 로브(lobe)들 중 하나의 위에 위치되어야만 하며, 여기서, 각도 θ는 선 OA와 양의 수직(y) 축 사이의 각도이며, 또한, 선 OB와 양의 수평(x) 축 사이의 각도이다.
Patent KR-20040063697-A (KR)
Title: Functional cosmetics
Inventor: SON YOUNG SUK
IPC: A61K8/66
Filed: 2003-01-08
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided is a functional cosmetics which stimulates immune and lymphatic systems to control the biological function, and prevents cancers and other various diseases, such as diabetes. CONSTITUTION: The functional cosmetics with diet enzymes comprises herbal extracts and nutraceuticals obtained from ginsengs, mushrooms, plants, animals, algae, and microorganisms. In order to make the functional cosmetics with the diet enzymes, a mixture of the herbal extracts and the nutraceuticals is saccharized, and fermented through various kinds of fermentations, such as acetic acid and lactic acid fermentations.
Patent KR-20040066303-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus for painting pipe
Inventor: YOON SEAK PYOO
IPC: B05C7/00
Filed: 2003-01-17
Abstract: PURPOSE: An apparatus for painting a pipe is provided to automatically perform the processes of input, transferring, washing, heating, painting, drying, storage and packaging, thereby improving the productivity and reducing the production cost. CONSTITUTION: The apparatus for painting a pipe comprises an input member(10) for aligning a pipe in a row and introducing it one by one; a loading member(20) for transferring the pipe one by one; a washing member(30) for washing the pipe by spraying it with water and air; a heating member(50) for heating the pipe by heat emitted from a high-frequency generator(51); a painting member(60) for painting a surface of the pipe by spraying it with a paint; a drying member(70) for drying the pipe while being transferred; a storage member(80); and a packaging member(90) for laminating and packing the stored pipe.
Patent KR-20040069426-A (KR)
Inventor: JUNG BYOUNG WAN
IPC: C04B26/18
Filed: 2003-01-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided are panels as constructional interior materials emitting far infrared rays by using jade powder and synthetic resin as main materials. Also, the panels are easily applied to walls by using resin-added adhesive and auxiliary bases. CONSTITUTION: The panels are produced by mixing 10-80wt.% of jade powder, 10-80wt.% of synthetic resin solution, liquid unsaturated polyester resin, and 0.001-10wt.% of hardening agent, molding(hardening), de-molding and coating panels with inorganic materials. The adhesive comprises 5-95wt.% of synthetic resin solution, 1-5wt.% of hardening agent and optionally 5-30wt.% of talc for preventing adhesive from flowing down. The panels are applied to walls by the following steps of: setting several auxiliary bases(2) on the wall(1); applying the additive having the same components as panels to the bases; attaching panels(3) on the bases, wherein a nail(4) used for fixing panels on the bases is removed after the additive is hardened and holes are filled with silicon.