baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent HU-202630-B (HU)
Inventor: DOBO BELA
IPC: F04B45/04
Filed: 1987-08-27
Abstract: A találmány tárgya elektromosan vezérelhető mikroszivattyú csővezetékekben áramló gázok és folyadékok szabályozására, amelynek szelepházán legalább egy beömlő nyílás és kiömlő nyílás van kialakítva, amelyeket a szelepházban elhelyezett szelep zár le, a szelep fölött rugalmas membrán van elhelyezve, továbbá a szelep és a membrán között vibrációs tér van kialakítva. A találmány szerinti mikroszivattyúnál a szelep és/vagy a membrán feszültséggel vezérelhető, a szélén felfüggesztésben rögzített rugalmas lemezből van kialakítva. A találmány szerinti mikroszivattyúnál alkalmazott rugalmas lemezből kialakított szelep (11, 12) és/vagy membrán (8) előnyösen többrétegű lemezből áll, amelynek egyik rétege piezokerámia. A többrétegű lemez piezokerámia rétege piezokerámia hordozólapra van erősítve. A piezokerámia hordozólapjához célszerűen további rugalmas réteg is rögzítve van. (Jellemző ábra: la ábra) «ni  i HU 202 630 B A leírás terjedelme: 4 oldal, 3 rajz -1-
Patent HU-201434-B (HU)
Inventor: BARTOK SANDOR
IPC: H03K5/00
Filed: 1986-12-22
Abstract: Az eljárás során egy digitális jelből késleltetéssel
további jelet vagy jeleket állítunk elő olymódon,
hogy a digitális jelet integrálva majd komparálva
késleltetjük, majd újra digitalizálva állítjuk elő a
késleletett jelet, illetve a folyamatot mindaddig ismételjük,
amíg valamennyi jel előállítása megtörténik,
illetve újabb digitális jel hatására az eljárást megismételjük.
Az elrendezésnek meghajtó áramkörei (lla-n), regeneráló
áramkörei (12a-n) és állítható analóg időzítő
áramkörei (13a-n) vannak. Az első meghajtó áramkör
(11a) bemenete bemenő vezetékre (b), kimenete pedig
első átmenő vezetéken (cl) keresztül az első regeneráló
áramkör (12a) bemenetére és az első állítható
analóg időzítő áramkör (13a) kimenetére van kötve.
Az első regeneráló áramkör (12a) kimenete első
kimenő vezetéken (dl) át a második meghajtó áramkör
Patent HU-202824-B (HU)
Inventor: WOSCHINA AXEL
IPC: C07C217/18
Filed: 1988-10-28
Abstract: Die Erfindung betrifft die direkte Gewinnung von trans-1,1,2-Triphenyl-but-1-en-Derivaten der all­gemeinen Formel  1  durch Dehydratisierung von Carbi­nolen der allgemeinen Formel  2  mittels Erhitzen in stark salz- bzw.schwefelsaurem Milieu unter Aus­schluß von organischen Lösungsmitteln.
Patent IT-1161335-B (IT)
Title: Machine cutting polishing and shaping marble - has inclinable slide-mounted turntable beneath primary and secondary machining arms
IPC: C04B/
Filed: 1978-03-08
Granted: 1987-03-18
Abstract: The machine cuts, shapes and polishes marble or similar stone and has an inclinable slide-mounted turntable (4) upon which the workpiece (3) is mounted. The table (4) is mouned below two machining arms (1, 11). The prim. arm (1) can be pivoted about a vertical axis, cantilevers from a column, and has an intertable machine-tool head (2). The sec. arm (11) bears a fixed relationship to the plane contg the table (4) and has a grinding head (12). The arrangement permits curved machining and angled polishing. The table (4) can rotate full circle through a rim-drive (5) and is mounted on a rail (7) guided slide (6). The rails (7) span the end walls (8) of a cradle capable of pivoting through 45 deg. about a horizontal axis. The second arm (11) is mounted on a bracket (10) which cantilevers from a long side of the cradle.
Patent IT-1181260-B (IT)
Title: Adhesive applicator for wrapping material
Inventor: MATTEI RICCARDO
IPC: B05C/
Filed: 1984-11-29
Granted: 1987-09-23
Abstract: The applicator applies adhesive to one or more points on a flexible sheet of wrapping material. It has an application roller (1), extracting adhesive from a vat or container (4) and a stripper element (5) to clean the roller, allowing penetration of adhesive at certain points. A counter roller (15) moves the sheets (100) through the application area. The counter roller is located on an axis parallel to that of the roller, but may be displaced in a positioned next to the latter, following the movement direction of the sheets. Located below the counter roller is a guide (20), engaging on the jacket (1a) of the roller, which takes up the sheets coming from the application area.
Patent IT-1242600-B (IT)
Title: Method for measuring the integrity of various articles, in particular medicinal articles, and device for actuating this method
Inventor: BARUFFATO ROBERTO
IPC: B65G/
Filed: 1990-10-26
Granted: 1994-05-16
Abstract: The method detects the integrity of the various articles 2, in particular medicinal articles, in correspondence with the line determined for feeding the latter to the seats of corresponding containers. These articles are stacked in an orderly manner in inclined channels 1, side by side and parallel; the bottom articles of the stacks P of articles contained by these channels are transferred to a transitional seat 5 in which, by means of an apparatus 30, the measurement is made of the area of the articles in accordance with a preset direction Y. In a first technical solution, the entire set of articles contained in said transitional seat is rejected if at least one article has an area which does not respect predetermined tolerances with respect to the area of the integral article. In a second technical solution, only the articles not deemed integral are rejected, while the integral ones are sent to channels 10 provided for feeding the seats of said containers. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1226971-B (IT)
Title: Bag making machine production monitoring
Inventor: MILSMANN KLAUS
IPC: B31B/
Filed: 1983-12-07
Granted: 1991-02-28
Abstract: Paper tube sections pass through the machine on a conveyor to receive end closures while being monitored by sensors detecting workpiece edges. The measuring points correspond to the machine cycle so that a deviation in expected position regulating action can be taken. Each workpiece entering the machine initiates a subsequent comparison of expected and actual position and fault indication is automatically prevented by changing position to continue normal operation. The appts. also contains a detector for workpieces entering the machine, a transmitter for providing an indication of its path, a comparator for actual and expected position values and a timer and counting device to activate the sensors. A controller regulates or immobilises the machine.
Patent LV-14003-B (LV)
Title: Method for installation system of geothermal heat pumps
Inventor: GRIDNEVS SERGEJS
IPC: F24J3/00
Filed: 2009-07-22
Abstract: The invention relates to obtaining geothermal energy and can be used in installation of systems of heat pump devices intended for heating of buildings. A first borehole 1 (Fig.2) intended for drawing Earth's interior water is bored at an angle of 30‹ off vertical, a second borehole 2 intended for removal of cooled water is bored at an angle of 30‹ off vertical, said boreholes 1 and 2 being directed in substantially opposite directions. In a heated building 3, heat pumps 4 are installed. To draw Earth's interior water, pipe 5 is inserted in the borehole 1. To remove cooled water, pipe 6 is inserted in the borehole 2.
Patent LV-15275-B (LV)
Inventor: KOĻESŅIKOVA RAISA
IPC: H02H3/14
Filed: 2016-03-21
Abstract: Piedāvātā ierīce nodrošina
zemējuma vada esamības un fāzes vada pareizas
pievienošanas kontroli. Ierīce, kuras variants ir parādīts
fig.3, satur elektrisko ķēdi, kuras sastāvā ir virknē savienots
rezistors 2 un diode 9. Viens ķēdes gals ir savienots ar tīkla
nullvada N kontaktu. Izpildelements 10 satur divkrāsu
gaismas indikatoru 1 un skaņas indikatoru 11. Ķēdes otrais
gals saskaņoti ir savienots ar izpildelementa pirmo izvadu,
kura otrais izvads caur rezistoru ir savienots ar fāzes vada
L kontaktu 3. Vadāmais izpildelementa 10 izvads irsavienots
ar MOSFET tranzistora 8 noteci, bet aizvars caur lielas
pretestības rezistoru ir savienots ar nullvada zemēšanas
kontaktu 4. Rezistora 7 liela pretestība nodrošina zemējuma
vada ķēdē strāvu, ne lielāku par 0,5 mA. Ja ir pazudis
zemējums, tad ieslēdzas skaņas signāls un sarkanais
indikators 1. Piedāvāto ierīci varizmantotceltnieki, santehniķi
un elektriķi, lai ātri pārbaudītu rozetes un/vai
elektroinstrumenta stāvokli un nodrošinātu darbam
nepieciešamo elektroierīču drošu ekspluatāciju.
Patent LV-10921-B (LV)
Title: Novel pharmaceutical formulations
Inventor: BOAR BERNARD ROBIN
IPC: A61P25/28
Filed: 1993-08-10
Abstract: New pharmaceutical formulations comprising 5-(2-chloro-1-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole or optical isomers or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
Patent LV-10695-B (LV)
Title: Pneumatic paint sprayer-pulser
Inventor: VALERIJS JASTREBOVS
IPC: B05B1/12
Filed: 1994-12-19
Abstract: The suggested sprayer consists of a nozzle (12), with a widened cone shape at the exit. It is equipped with an air dosimeter, consisting of a spring (7) and regulating nuts (13, 15). Additionally, the calibrated entrance aperture (3) is smaller than the diameter of the exit window (23), where the sprayer ferrule (11) is placed.<IMAGE>
Patent NO-132354-B (NO)
Inventor: ARCHER G A
IPC: C07D/
Filed: 1975-02-10
Abstract: Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av 2,3-dihydro-5-fenyl-H-1,4-benzodiazepin-derivater.
Patent NO-147105-B (NO)
Title: Analogifremgangsmaate for fremstilling av hentriakontapeptider med opiat-agonistaktivitet
Inventor: LI CHOH HAO
IPC: A61P5/00
Filed: 1977-03-16
Abstract: Analogifremgangsmåte for fremstilling av hentriar-kontapeptider med opiat-agonistaktivitet.
Patent NO-154842-B (NO)
Title: Analogifremgangsmaate for fremstilling av farmasoeytisk aktive 1'-substituerte spiro-(imidazolidin-4,3'-indolin)-2,2', 5-trioner.
Inventor: BRITTAIN DAVID ROBERT
IPC: C07D487/04
Filed: 1980-11-12
Abstract: Nye, terapeutisk aktive 1substituerte spiro[imidazolidin-4 , 3'-indolin]-2,21,5-trioner som særlig er egnet som inhibitorer for enzymet aldose-reduktase og kan anvendes ved behandling eller forebyggelse av komplikasjoner ved diabetes eller galaktosemi. De har formelen:. hvor Rer et (1-12C) alkylradikal, et fenyl-, naftylmetyl-eller cinnamylradikal hvis aromatiske ringer eventuelt bærer ett eller to halogenradikaler, eller Rer et benzylradikal som eventuelt bærer én, to eller tre substituenter valgt uavhengig av hverandre .fra halogen-, trifluormetyl-,. (1-4C) alkyl-, (1-4C) alkoksy-, nitro-, cyano- og hydroksy-radikaler; og benzenringen A bærer eventuelt en substituent valgt fra halogen-, (1-4C) alkyl-, (1-4C) alkoksy-, nitro-. og hydroksy-radikaler, eller bærer to substituenter valgt uavhengig av hverandre fra halogen-, (1-4C) alkyl- og nitro-radikaler;. eller et farmasøytisk godtagbart salt derav;. men unntatt de forbindelser hvor Rer et metyl-, etyl-, n-propyl- eller usubstituert benzyl-radikal, og benzenringen A er usubstituert.Fremstilling av forbindelsene er beskrevet.
Patent NO-156451-B (NO)
Inventor: RITTER HARRY W
IPC: C07D317/58
Filed: 1981-07-01
Abstract: Described are 1-phenyl-5-amino-1-penten-3-on-derivatives of the general formula <CHEM> wherein R is H, halo, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, 3,4-methylenedioxy, CF3, NO2, NH2, N(C1-4 alkyl)2, CN, OH, -S(C1-4 alkyl) or -SO2(C1-4 alkyl); R1 and R2 are independently each H or C1-4 alkyl or taken together with the attached N atom are morpholino, piperidino, pyrrolidino, piperazino, or NC1-4 alkyl piperazino; and, when R is halo, C1-4 alkyl or C1-4 alkoxy, x is 0-3 and, otherwise, is 0 or 1; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof with an acid or for the compounds wherein R1 and R2 are both not H, a quaternary ammonium salt thereof with a C1-4 alkyl halide and a process for their production. The compounds have valuable antiviral activity, e.g for treatment of infections caused by a herpes virus.
Patent NO-159914-B (NO)
Inventor: HENRIKSEN ARNE
IPC: B60P1/64
Filed: 1985-05-08
Abstract: Support leg for loading frames. The support leg (10) is pivotally mounted to the loading frame by means of an intermediate link arm (22) which is arranged and mounted in a corner box (24). The corner box is movable between two positions corresponding to a first position of said support leg (10) internally of the loading frame and to a second position of the support leg (10) exrternally of the loading frame. When the support leg (10) is pivoted/lifted from its downwards to its upwards folded position the link arm (22) is pivoted from an essentially horizontal position to an essentially vertical position. The shaft (28) mounting the support leg (10) to the link arm (22) thus is lowered so as to allow the leg when folded upwards, to extend in underneath a beam (50) by means of which a flap post is mounted to the loading frame. The level of the loading frame when deposited on ground will be high.
Patent NO-166765-B (NO)
Inventor: JOHNS ROBERT HARVEY
IPC: B22D11/06
Filed: 1985-09-12
Abstract: A method is provided for directly casting molten metal (19) from the exit end (26) of a casting vessel (18) onto a moving casting surface (20) to form a continuous strip (15) of crystalline metal. The surface tension of the molten metal (19) flowing from the exit end (26) forms the top, edge and bottom surfaces of the strip (15) being cast to provide good strip surface quality, edges and structure. An apparatus is also provided including a casting vessel (18) having a molten metal receiving end (22) and an exit end (26) from which a fully developed uniform flow of molten metal (19) leaves through a U-shaped structure onto a moving casting surface (20). A direct cast strip product is also provided.
Patent NO-171658-B (NO)
Title: Fremgangsmaate for fremstilling av en bipolar transistor
Inventor: SCOVELL PETER DENNIS
IPC: H01L21/82
Filed: 1986-05-28
Abstract: Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av en bipolar transistor (1) med halv-selvinnrettende p+ basiskontakter (27, 27a). Der dannes et p-type basisområde (28) i et overflateområde av et n-type område (5). omfattende en kollektor. Et element (29) av f.eks.ndopet polykrystallinsk silisium, og omfattende en emitter, blir dannet på overflaten i berøring med basisområdet (28). Basiskontaktene (27, 27a) blir dannet med implantering og under bruk av elementet (29) som en maske. En nkollektorkontakt (25) blir tildannet i forhold til n-type området (5).
Patent NO-170974-B (NO)
Inventor: FREYNE EDDY JEAN EDGARD
IPC: C07D409/06
Filed: 1986-11-03
Abstract: Novel [[[(3-pyridinyl)methylen]amino]oxy]alkanoic acids and esters of formula whereinR is hydrogen, C<sub>1-10</sub>alkyl, trifluoromethyl, Ar or Ar(C<sub>1-10</sub>alkyl), said Ar being phenyl, naphthalenyl, both being optionally substituted, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, furanyl or thienyl; andR¹ is hydrogen or C<sub>1-6</sub> alkyl;the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts and possible stereochemically isomeric forms thereof, which compounds are inhibitors of thromboxane biosynthesis; pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds as an active ingredient and methods of preparing said compounds and pharmaceutical compositions.
Patent NO-161308-B (NO)
Inventor: KARLSSON KLAS
IPC: B66B9/02
Filed: 1987-01-30
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/SE86/00248 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 12, 1987 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 12, 1987 PCT Filed May 30, 1986 PCT Pub. No. WO86/07041 PCT Pub. Date Dec. 4, 1986.A screw lift comprises a lift car (2) which is movably supported on an upright fixed screw (4) and carries a nut (54) in engagement with the screw and a belt drive for rotating the nut on the screw and thereby driving of the lift car along the screw. The nut (54) is rotatably journalled in a lubrication and bearing housing (62), which is connected with the lift car (2) and out of which it extends with a portion, that widens essentially conically and carries a belt pulley (56) with a correspondingly conically shaped hole. The belt pulley and the nut are mutually somewhat axially shiftable. A pulse transmitter (130,132) is arranged as the only position, direction and velocity determining device for the lift for sensing the position of the nut on the screw and emitting signals corresponding thereto.
Patent NO-168295-B (NO)
Inventor: SCHUSTER RICHARD LEE
IPC: B65D5/462
Filed: 1988-05-16
Abstract: A sleeve-type beverage can carrier with a handle opening in the top panel extending across the entire width of the top panel. The opening further extends into the upper portion of the side panels, terminating in an arcuate edge. Upon lifting the carrier, the top panel between the edge of the handle opening being grasped and the nearest end panel is caused to bow upwardly by the lifting stresses, thereby distributing the stresses through the top panel and the upper portions of the side panels to prevent tearing.
Patent SE-312566-B (SE)
Inventor: FUCHS B
IPC: B41F13/00
Filed: 1967-04-18
Abstract: 1,227,145. Printing-apparatus. MASCHINENFABRIK WINKLER, FALLERT & CO. A.G. 29 March, 1968 [18 April, 1967], No. 15181/68. Heading B6C. The plate cylinder 5 of a rotary printing machine is mounted at one end by means of a quick-release chuck 3 which engages an axle stub 4 of the cylinder, said chuck being opened or closed by controlling by means of a cock 10 the flow of pressure air operating on a piston 14 mounted on one end of a bar 13. The bar 13 acts as a piston rod within a cylinder formed by a hollow spindle 2, the other end of the bar being attached to the chuck. A rotatable pneumatic cylinder 7 is located adjacent a flange 6 on one end of the spindle 2.  Roller mounting.-The chuck, which is stated to be of known construction, is opened by adjusting the cock 10 and a two-speed motor 15 is energized at its upper speed so as to rotate gears 17, 18 whereby a boss 19 is screwed into a nut 21 connected to the machine frame and the spindle 2 and the chuck are withdrawn axially from the stub 4. A replacement plate cylinder is mounted using the lower motor speed prior to adjustment of the cock 10. Machine drive.-In operation the spindle 2 and the chuck 3 are rotated to drive the cylinder from a main drive shaft 22 via bevel-gearing 23 and gears 24, 25. Roller adjustment.-The plate cylinder 5 may be axially adjusted using the slower speed of the motor 15.
Patent YU-46574-B (YU)
Inventor: HEILMANN P
IPC: C21D1/613
Filed: 1988-10-17
Abstract: A process for heat treatment of metallic workpieces by heating in a vacuum furnace followed by quenching in a coolant gas under above-atmospheric pressure and with coolant-gas circulation.
Patent ZA-879666-B (ZA)
Title: Hydrogel-containing envelopes
IPC: A61K9/52
Filed: 1987-12-23
Abstract: An envelope having flexible water-permeable walls contains one or more water-disintegratable, self-coherent compresses of hydrogel particles. On contact with water, particularly in the stomach, the compresses first disintegrate and then the hydrogel particles swell to cause inflation of the envelope. The envelope is thereby inflated and retained in the stomach. The envelope is particularly useful as a device for the sustained release of active ingredient whereby the envelope contains biologically, veterinarily or pharmaceutically active ingredient in sustainedly releasable form. The use of the compressed hydrogel enables large amounts of active ingredient and/or hydrogel to be included in the envelope while still having an envelope sufficiently small to be swallowed by the patient or forced down the throat of an animal.
Patent ZA-903856-B (ZA)
Title: Preparation of fri15224 substance for parenteral administration
Inventor: ASAKURA SOTOO
IPC: A61P37/08
Filed: 1990-05-18
Abstract: A preparation for parenteral administration comprising FR115224 substance and cyclodextrin and process for preparing it.
Patent ZA-906136-B (ZA)
Title: A device and a method for removing nitrogen compounds from a liquid
Inventor: VELZEN DANIEL VAN
IPC: C02F1/461
Filed: 1990-08-03
Abstract: The invention concerns a device and a method for removing nitrogen compounds from an aqueous liquid containing nitrogen oxides (NOx) and/or nitrates (NO-_3). It comprises an electro-chemical cell (10) with a cathode and an anode and a current source applied thereto. According to the invention, the cell is divided by a cation selective membrane into a cathode compartment (2) to be filled with said liquid, and an anode compartment (3) to be filled with an anolyte containing an aqueous solution of an alkali or hydrogen halide such as sodium bromide or sodium chloride, and the membrane (1) is constituted by a microporous fabric of PTFE.
Patent ZA-912287-B (ZA)
Title: Crosslinkable surface coatings and methods for producing same
Inventor: SAMPATH PASUPATHIKOIL R
IPC: C08G59/32
Filed: 1991-03-26
Abstract: A method for producing a novel evaporable dispersion is disclosed. The dispersion exhibits shelf-storage stability at room temperature for more than 1 year. Such a dispersion, upon evaporation of the evaporable components, is able to form a crosslinked surface coating on a substrate upon curing at room temperature or elevated temperature.
Patent ZA-919456-B (ZA)
Title: Process for making epichlorohydrin resins
Inventor: BOWER BARTON K
IPC: D21H19/24
Filed: 1991-11-29
Abstract: Disclosed is a two-step process for making an epichlorohydrin resin involving reacting the epichlorohydrin with a polyamine in a mixture first at a temperature of 25-40 DEG C and then heating the mixture at 25-85 DEG C.
Patent ZA-953026-B (ZA)
Title: Pot-shaped cooking and/or boiling appliance
Inventor: FISSLER HARALD
IPC: A47J27/022
Filed: 1995-04-12
Abstract: The cooking pot has a plate (5)-covering (6) with a covering base (7) having circular segments shaped and a number of holes 10 to 20 millimetres wide distributed over the periphery and into which fit filler pieces (9). The covering base is made of ferromagnetic steel plate, and the filler pieces made of austenitic steel, or the base made of austenitic steel and the filler pieces of ferromagnetic steel plate. The covering base and the filler pieces are connected to the plate which is joined to the container's base (4). The container with base is 0.7 to 1 millimetre thick; the plate cover is 0.7 millimetres thick or less, and the plate is 5 to 9 millimetres thick. <IMAGE>
Patent ZA-962077-B (ZA)
Title: Ultrasonic atomizer device with removable precision dosating unit
Inventor: LINDEN KLAUS VAN DER
IPC: A61M5/24
Filed: 1996-03-14
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/EP96/01095 Sec. 371 Date Sep. 10, 1997 Sec. 102(e) Date Sep. 10, 1997 PCT Filed Mar. 14, 1996 PCT Pub. No. WO96/28206 PCT Pub. Date Sep. 19, 1996The invention relates to an ultrasonic atomizer device (2) for a fluid (60), in particular a bronchospasmolytic agent, in which a propelling element (10) operable by an electronic circuit (6) to deliver the fluid to an atomization surface (28) that is also supplied with ultrasound waves from the electronic circuit (6) is provided in a housing (4), the propelling element (10) having a coupling member (32) which is meshing with a further coupling member (34) of a replaceable dosating unit (14) for transferring propelling power to the dosating unit (14) to effect a linear movement (68) of a piston (66) arranged in an ampoule (28) within the dosating unit (14). The invention also relates to a system comprising a device (2) as described and a dosating unit (14) inserted into that device (2).
Patent ZA-983759-B (ZA)
Title: Device for validating digital messages applicable in particular to rail traffic regulating systems
Inventor: DEMARAIS GERARD
IPC: H03K5/26
Filed: 1998-05-05
Abstract: The fail safe validation technique controls the identity of two digital signals. One digital signal (A) is applied to one side of a Wheatstone bridge (2), whilst an inverted signal B is applied to the opposite side of the diode bridge. The output passes through a static relay (5) and an amplifier (6) to provide a secure "all or nothing" output signal S.
Patent AT-410707-B (AT)
IPC: B21D39/04
Filed: 2000-05-12
Granted: 2003-07-25
Abstract: The press has a frame (1) with two sections (4,7) moved relative to each other in a guide frame (2) by an actuating drive (9). One of the sections accommodates the press drive (12). The sections are locked to each other when the frame is in closed position. The guide frame has a turnable toothed gear, which meshes with toothed racks in the frame sections.