baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent EP-0998185-B1 (EP)
Title: Device for combined soil preparation for sowing and placing seeds
Inventor: HENDLMEIER KONRAD
IPC: A01C7/00
Filed: 1998-06-18
Granted: 2005-03-02
Abstract: According to the invention, the soil is broken up with soil-working elements to form furrows in preparation for sowing and placing the seeds. A seedbed (11) is prepared using the rake elements (5) corresponding with the elements for placing the seeds (12). Seeds are then deposited on said seedbed via the rake teeth and the seed-placing elements (12), said rake teeth (9) pushing the large organic material aside in order to keep the seed furrows free. A clearing device, preferably in the form of a punching roller (15) with punching elements (16, 16', 16'') then removes the material collected between the rake teeth and keeps it away from the seed-placing elements (12). The rake teeth (9) or levelling elements prevent obstructions of organic material. The clearing or punching elements (15) which are configured so that they are flexible in a peripheral direction work in conjunction with a fixed stop in order to prevent any damage being caused by striking an obstacle (4). A fixed levelling element (17, 17') is positioned between each pair of rotating punching elements (16, 16'), said levelling element exerting a pressure on the soil and pressing on the seeds. This halves the number of punching elements required.
Patent EP-0964461-B1 (EP)
Title: Cellule secondaire electrolytique non aqueuse
Inventor: KOZUKI KIYOMI
IPC: H01M50/528
Filed: 1998-10-06
Granted: 2007-04-11
Abstract: Cette invention se rapporte à une batterie électrique secondaire non aqueuse, en particulier de grande taille, qui comprend une borne collectrice hautement fiable, qui possède une excellente conductivité électrique et qui ne risque guère de se rompre lorsqu'un écrou est fixé avec un couple excessif sur l'extrémité externe de la borne collectrice. L'extrémité externe de la borne collectrice est fabriquée en un métal différent de celui de la partie connectée à une plaque de conducteurs s'étendant à partir de plaques électrodes, lesquelles sont intégrées par soudage en phase solide ou par brasage fort sous vide. Des exemples efficaces de ce soudage en phase solide sont le soudage par diffusion en phase solide, le soudage par explosion et le soudage par friction.
Patent EP-1025188-B1 (EP)
Inventor: FLETCHER ROBERT ANTHONY
IPC: C10M141/10
Filed: 1998-10-21
Granted: 2003-07-09
Abstract: Composition lubrifiante qui comporte une huile de base en combinaison avec du dithiocarbamate de molybdène, du naphténate de zinc, un ou plusieurs dithiophosphates de métal, et éventuellement un ou plusieurs dithiocarbamates de métal. Une graisse lubrifiante comportant ladite composition en combinaison avec un épaississant est particulièrement adaptée pour la lubrification de joints homocinétiques.
Patent EP-0941497-B1 (EP)
Inventor: CROWTHER BLAKE C
IPC: F41G7/22
Filed: 1998-10-01
Granted: 2002-11-27
Abstract: A programmable optical system (50) that dynamically corrects or induces aberrations into the optical path of a missile seeker. The system is dynamic in that the amount and type of aberration may be changed while the missile is in flight. The dynamic correction is accomplished by means of deformations applied to a low-mass mirror (80) or mirrors in the optical path of the missile seeker. The missile includes an aspheric dome (60), and the optical system is dynamically compensated for aberrations introduced by the dome as the seeker system is moved through the field of regard.
Patent EP-0940379-B1 (EP)
Inventor: VIGNALI GRAZIANO
IPC: C04B41/50
Filed: 1999-03-02
Granted: 2002-09-25
Abstract: Composition whereby ceramic manufactured articles, obtained by moulding a conventional ceramic mixture without added TiO2., are coloured from yellow to orange, said composition consisting of an aqueous solution of inorganic compounds or organic complexes of titanium and chromium combined with antimony or tungsten or mixtures thereof, in quantities corresponding to 2 to 6% by wt. Ti, 3 to 12% Sb (or 4 to 14% tungsten) and 0.2 to 2.5% chromium.
Patent EP-0947641-B1 (EP)
Inventor: ROJEK RICHARD PROF DR-ING
IPC: E04C5/06
Filed: 1999-03-20
Granted: 2003-10-22
Abstract: Each reinforcing component (1), typically an anchor bolt, has a component (2) securing it to a common supporting member (3), in which there are openings allowing limited movement in the member lengthwise direction. The connecting components can be permanently engaged with the member, the length of the openings in the latter being at the most equal to the maximum static movement distance of the reinforcing component. Each connecting component can have two or more distorting lugs, which can be bent from the installation position, in which they are parallel, into the working one in which they extend in opposite directions.
Patent EP-0954973-B1 (EP)
Inventor: KNOST DIETER
IPC: A21C13/02
Filed: 1999-04-22
Granted: 2002-07-03
Abstract: Bread roll dough warming cabinet has time-switch operated heater.   A bread roll dough fermentation warmer cabinet (1) has a dough feed (2), a fermentation section (3) and a surrender unit for the risen unbaked bread rolls. The fermentation section (3) has a sterilization unit (14) which destroys mildew. The sterilization unit (14) has a heating module (15) which heats the fermentation section (3) to a given temperature for a given time, the temperature being above that at which mildew spores can survive. The fermentation cabinet (1) normally forms part of a conventional food heating and cooling unit.
Patent EP-0995981-B1 (EP)
Inventor: GRUPP THOMAS
IPC: G01N11/04
Filed: 1999-10-04
Granted: 2006-08-09
Abstract: The method involves delivering the bone cement from a reservoir (2) through a test lead (7) with a discharge device (1) using a limited discharge force and measuring how far the cement has been pushed down the test lead. An Independent claim is included for a device to implement the method.
Patent EP-0995861-B1 (EP)
Inventor: GIARRUSSO MICHELE
IPC: E04G5/04
Filed: 1999-10-19
Granted: 2005-12-28
Abstract: A device (38) for anchoring scaffolding (1) quickly and accurately to a face (2) of a building comprises a spacer rod (39) to be fixed to a tube (4, 5) of a tubular structure (3) of the scaffolding by means of a fitting (6), and a slider (41) fitted coaxially for sliding in the spacer rod (39), the slider (41) having an end which is fixed to a pin (40) for engagement in an eye (12) fixed to the face (2), and having screw means (31) for adjustable movement of the slider (41) in the spacer rod (39). <IMAGE>
Patent EP-0979013-B1 (EP)
Inventor: PHAN CAO THANH
IPC: H04Q3/66
Filed: 1999-07-05
Granted: 2006-09-27
Abstract: The completion on busy link control method controls access to an occupied artery section of a private telephone network. The system examines the subscribers rights (28) before allowing connection to the busy link control (26,30) which, if authorisation is allowed, routes the calls via a public system, otherwise routing must be carried out internally (31) to the private system.
Patent EP-1001209-B1 (EP)
Inventor: LAHIRE MICHEL
IPC: F21S8/00
Filed: 1999-09-10
Granted: 2003-09-03
Abstract: The adaptation to a conventional set of three-color traffic lights is to place a reference lamp to one side of the enclosure (5) for the traffic lights (1a,1b,1c). The reference lamp (2) is illuminated at night or at other times of poor visibility, and can be vertical and extend the full height of the set of lights, or be a point source placed beside the central lamp of the set of lights.
Patent EP-1113184-B1 (EP)
Inventor: CORNOLTI RAFFAELLO
IPC: F16D65/092
Filed: 1999-12-30
Granted: 2004-12-01
Abstract: Articulated pad for disc brakes comprising two or more brake shoes (1, 2) securely attached together by means of a hinge joint (9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14) which permits relative movement of the two brake shoes in the direction of the axis of the hinge, located perpendicular to the contact surfaces between the brake shoes and a brake disc. <IMAGE>
Patent EP-1084912-B1 (EP)
Inventor: I T INNOVATION TECHNOLOGY ENTW
IPC: H01B7/08
Filed: 1999-09-15
Granted: 2005-01-19
Abstract: The flexible flat connector (2) may be unwound from a reel (18). It is held on a worktable (1) by two clamps (3,4) on a framework. A movable carriage (17) on the framework may carry tools which may pierce the insulation of the cable to form electrical contacts. The cable is cut at intervals to form given lengths of cable. A bar code may be printed on the end of each piece.
Patent EP-1097869-B1 (EP)
Title: Ultrasonic sealer
Inventor: SHINOHARA MITSUHIKO
IPC: B65B51/22
Filed: 1999-03-23
Granted: 2005-08-17
Abstract: An ultrasonic sealer capable of being provided on a seal jaw of a lateral sealing apparatus for filling-packaging machines, carrying out a suitably long lateral sealing operation or an elongated uniform heat sealing operation, being formed to small dimensions, and capable of outputting a large power. The ultrasonic sealer comprising one horn (ll) having an elongated sealing surface (l5) for sealing a packaging material, a plurality of converters (l2) erected on the horn (ll), and one or not less than two fixtures (l3) provided in parallel with the converters (l2), positions, in which the ultrasonic sealer (l0) and seal jaw are fixed to each other, in the fixtures (l3) being set on a nodal plane (26) farther from the sealing surface, the horn (ll) being provided with a mounting flange for fixing the ultrasonic sealer to the seal jaw, which mounting flange may be set on a nodal plane closer to the sealing surface.
Patent EP-0986282-B1 (EP)
Inventor: UE TOYOKI
IPC: H04B1/3822
Filed: 1999-04-19
Granted: 2002-09-25
Abstract: Selon la présente invention, un terminal de réseau mesure la qualité de la réception et transmet les résultats de la mesure à une station de base. La station de base commute la vitesse de transmission sur la base des résultats qui lui ont été transmis. Lorsque la qualité de réception du terminal de réseau diminue, la vitesse de transmission est commutée. La vitesse de transmission est également commutée dans le but de faire tomber les interférences avec une autre transmission dans une plage acceptable en fonction de l'état du canal reliant le terminal de réseau et la station de base.
Patent EP-1077678-B1 (EP)
Inventor: SHAH KISHORE R
IPC: A61K47/32
Filed: 1999-05-11
Granted: 2010-12-29
Abstract: This invention pertains to mucoadhesive compositions for the delivery of pharmacologically active agents, and to polymeric formulations that allow for a prolonged, sustained release of the active agents. More specically the invention pertains to compositions for the delivery of drugs to mucosal tissue, said composition comprising a drug or a plurality of drugs to be delivered and a thermoplastic graft copolymer, said graft copolymer being the reaction product of a polystyrene macromonomer having an ethylenically unsaturated functional group, and at least one acidic hydrophilic monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated functional group.
Patent EP-1000095-B1 (EP)
Title: Polypropylenes se pretant bien a la fabrication de feuille mince coulee
Inventor: BECCARINI ENRICO
IPC: B29C48/08
Filed: 1999-05-27
Granted: 2004-02-11
Abstract: Ces laminés coulés sont produits à partir de polypropylènes cristallins dont la vitesse de fusion est comprise entre 5 et 10 g/min, dont le rapport entre le poids moléculaire moyen en poids et le poids moléculaire moyen en nombre est compris entre 4,5 et 9, dont la densité est supérieure ou égale à 0,9020 g/cm3 et dont la solubilité dans le xylol à température ambiante ne dépasse pas 2,5 % en poids.
Patent EP-1064649-B1 (EP)
Inventor: CARSON DOUGLAS M
IPC: G11B20/00
Filed: 1999-02-26
Granted: 2012-04-25
Abstract: In an optical disc mastering process in which a master disc is generated, an apparatus comprising 
a master driver circuit (300), operably connectable to a signal processing system which generates a modulation signal to modulate a writing beam, comprising: 
a latch (308) for receiving and temporarily storing successive portions of the modulation signal; and 
a master oscillator (310), operably coupled to the latch, which generates and supplies a master clock at a selected frequency to the latch to reclock the modulation signal at the selected frequency of the master clock.
Patent EP-1141424-B1 (EP)
Inventor: SUGARMAN ALAN DAVID
IPC: C01G3/00
Filed: 1999-11-16
Granted: 2003-07-30
Abstract: A solvent extraction composition is provided which comprises one or more orthohydroxyarylaldoximes or orthohydroxyarylketoximes and one or more esters substituted with a hydroxyl group, and preferably a water immiscible organic solvent. The orthohydroxyarylaldoximes, or orthohydroxyarylketoximes commonly have Formula (1),wherein R<1 >is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group, and R<2 >is an ortho-hydroxyaryl group; and the esters substituted with a hydroxyl group are of Formula (2),wherein one of R<7 >or R<8 >is a substituted hydrocarbyl group with at least one hydroxyl group and the other is an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group. Preferred orthohydroxyarylaldoximes are 5-(C9 to C14 alkyl)-2-hydroxybenzaldoximes and preferred orthohydroxyarylketoximes are 5-(C9 to C14 alkyl)-2-hydroxyacetophenone oximes. Preferred esters substituted with a hydroxy group are highly-branched alkyl esters comprising from 5 to 51 carbon atoms, wherein the hydroxy group resides on R<8>. Processes for the extraction of metal values from aqueous acidic and ammoniacal solutions are also provided.
Patent EP-1200533-B1 (EP)
Title: Procede de fabrication d'une structure laminee
Inventor: OXMAN JOEL D
IPC: C09J4/00
Filed: 1999-11-30
Granted: 2007-04-11
Abstract: L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'une structure laminée comprenant au moins deux couches (12, 14) et une composition adhésive photopolymérisable (26) disposée entre ces couches (12, 14) opaques, colorées ou réflectives. Une ou les deux couches (12, 14) sont transmissives d'un rayonnement actinique dans des longueurs d'onde allant de 400 nm à 1200 nm. La composition adhésive photopolymérisable (26) absorbe un rayonnement dans la région spectrale identifiée de la couche transmissive. La polymérisation (28) est effectuée par orientation du rayonnement dans la région spectrale identifiée, à travers la couche transmissive, et permet de produire une structure laminée. Le procédé décrit ci-dessus permet de fabriquer un système de puce à protubérances à sous-remplissage (10) sur un substrat de circuit imprimé. La composition adhésive photopolymérisable (26) peut être appliquée directement sur une ou sur les deux surfaces d'une puce alignée, et un substrat de circuit imprimé (14) ou la puce (12) alignée sur un substrat de circuit imprimé (14) peuvent être sous-remplis par capillarité avec la composition adhésive photopolymérisable (26), polymérisée (28) par la suite. Le procédé selon l'invention permet également de fabriquer des disques de stockage de données.
Patent EP-1121453-B1 (EP)
Inventor: CANTIANI ROBERT
IPC: C12P19/04
Filed: 1999-10-08
Granted: 2005-12-28
Abstract: The invention concerns a heteropolysaccharide (HP) characterised in that it is obtainable by fermenting in a medium comprising at least an Agrobacterium radiobacter I-2001 (or DSM 12095) strain, one of its recombinants, or one of its mutants, and a carbon source capable of being assimilated by said strain, one of its recombinants or one of its mutants. The invention also concerns a method for preparing said heteropolysaccharide and its use as thickening and/or gelling agent.
Patent IT-1309180-B1 (IT)
Title: Pairing of two or more threads for use in textile machine for forming knitted products and hosiery, involves cabling threads just before or during use in textile machine
Inventor: ZAGLIO SERGIO
IPC: D04B/
Filed: 1999-02-09
Granted: 2002-01-16
Abstract: Two or more threads are paired or cabled to form a combined thread (10), immediately before or during the use of paired thread in textile machine. An independent claim is also included for a device for pairing and interlacing two or more threads and guiding coupled thread automatically to the textile machine. The device comprises an unit for picking up and combining the threads (11,12), tautening unit for stretching an elastic thread, unit (A) for pairing and interlacing adjacent threads (where one thread is drafted if necessary) and an accumulator (220) for collecting and accumulating specific amount of compound thread guided from the pairing and interlacing unit.
Patent IT-1276261-B1 (IT)
Title: Electromagnetic opening system for locks on armoured doors
Inventor: D ELIA MICHELE
IPC: E05B/
Filed: 1994-02-17
Granted: 1997-10-28
Abstract: The system proposed solves the problem of electromagnetically opening the locks on armoured doors. The problem is particularly apparent in buildings with several floors and assumes even greater importance in view of the widespread use of the doors in question. The solution proposed consists in applying to locks already on the market, a system of levers and an electromagnet controlled directly from the interphone. The mechanism has already been applied to three different types of lock and tested for over a year. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1278661-B1 (IT)
Title: Device for removing the shrink wrap from a bundle of vials, especially for the pharmaceutical and food industry
Inventor: ALBIANI CLAUDIO
IPC: B65B/
Filed: 1995-04-28
Granted: 1997-11-27
Abstract: A device for removing the shrink wrap from a bundle of vials in which said bundle is placed on a surface that can move vertically 2 between a position of cutting of the film and one of evacuation of the vials, after which cutting means 19, 25 cut three sides of the wrap at the height of the bottle neck. A rectangular mask 9 moves horizontally above said surface 2 between a position of vertical alignment with it and one that is laterally displaced. Means 6 for containing the bundle in said cutting position comprise toothed arms 8 which grab the package at the sides, once it has been cut along three sides, holding it while the surface 2 lifts up, bringing the vials inside said mask which, sliding laterally, deposits them in the evacuation position. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1283083-B1 (IT)
Inventor: AL GHATTA HUSSEIN
IPC: C08G63/80
Filed: 1996-05-30
Granted: 1998-04-07
Abstract: Process for the production of aromatic polyester resins by polycondensation in the solid state of resins with intrinsic viscosity comprised between 0.1 and 0.45 dl/g, in which the ratio by weight between the hourly flow speed of the inert gas fed to the reactor and the hourly flow speed of the fed polymer is comprised between 0.1 and 0.6. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1290203-B1 (IT)
Title: MOS-type gated power integrated circuit - has operating parameter monitor that monitors operating parameter of power device and for producing output signal operable to disconnect input signal circuit from input gate electrode
Inventor: NADD BRUNO C
IPC: H03K17/082
Filed: 1997-01-28
Granted: 1998-10-22
Abstract: The device includes a MOS type gated power device (10), while an input signal pin (13) is used for supplying a HF signal to a gate electrode (12a) to turn the power device on and off. An operating parameter monitor (22) monitors an operating parameter of the power device and for producing an output signal operable to disconnect the input signal circuit from the input gate electrode when the parameter the monitored reaches a set value. A monitor circuit has a terminal that is connected to a voltage source for its powering. The source of voltage Vac is derived from the input signal circuit. At least a first capacitor (52) is coupled to the monitor for storing the output signal of the monitor circuit between pulses of the voltage Vac to prevent loss of the output signal between the Vac pulses.
Patent IT-1292141-B1 (IT)
Inventor: VIGANO' FRANCO
IPC: G04B45/00
Filed: 1997-06-12
Granted: 1999-01-25
Abstract: A watch or similar instrument having high strength and mechanical resistance characteristics as it is provided with a double watchcase, the outer case being made of an hexagonal nut-type mechanical fastening element while the inner case being made of a bolt-type element. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1295082-B1 (IT)
Title: A plant for processing yarn comprises of processing stations, a rod handling device and a movable rod gripper
Inventor: BELLINI GIANNI
IPC: D02J/
Filed: 1997-09-26
Granted: 1999-04-27
Abstract: An automatic plant for dyeing and processing yarn on reels has processing stations (11,12,13) and a rod handling device with rods (25) removably mounted in seats, a rod gripper (15) movable vertically and horizontally.
Patent IT-1282038-B1 (IT)
Title: Strips of picture hangers
Inventor: NICOLETTI AMPELIO
IPC: B27F/
Filed: 1994-01-26
Granted: 1998-03-06
Abstract: This regards a strip of hangers for pictures joined together by little portions of metal foil. They are obtained from metal band punched and bent with the addition of little triangles in metal wire. The reels of these strips, or lengths of the same, are convenient and easy to handle and position to fix each hanger onto the frames, separating them easily from the rest of the strip simply by bending the portion of connecting foil. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1266199-B1 (IT)
Title: Dispositivo deceleratore per oggetti postali
Inventor: HOLMES B LAWRENCE
IPC: B07C1/02
Filed: 1994-08-12
Granted: 1996-12-23
Abstract: Dispositivo deceleratore per oggetti postali in cui un canale rettilineo (30) con sezione trasversale a V riceve una pluralità di oggetti postali (12) da un canale convogliatore (3). L'oggetto postale (12) viene intercettato da un elemento deviatore (39) ed indirizzato verso una parete inclinata (33) del canale a V sulla quale scorre terminando la sua corsa con l'impatto contro un dispositivo (90) dissipatore di energia cinetica disposto ad una estremità (36) del canale a V (30). Dopo l'arresto dell'oggetto (12) viene resa accessibile una apertura di fondo (37) del canale a V (30) attraverso il quale fuoriesce per gravità l'oggetto postale.[Fig. 1, 3].
Patent JP-2902401-B1 (JP)
Title: 介護用入浴装置
IPC: A61H33/00
Filed: 1998-07-30
Granted: 1999-06-07
Abstract: 【要約】
【課題】  浴槽内に配設する入浴用担架の昇降装置を極 めてシンプルで簡単な構成にすることが可能であると共 に、使用湯量を少なくすることができる介護用入浴装置 を提供する。
【解決手段】  介護用入浴装置１は、浴槽２の底部３ が、浅くした頭部側から脚部側へ下向きに傾斜する傾斜 底部に形成されており、一方、浴槽２内には昇降可能な 入浴用担架５が配設され、入浴用担架５は、頭部側が一 対のリンクアーム２１，２１を介して浴槽に連結されて いると共に、脚部側が一対のリンクアーム２２，２２を 介して浴槽の上部両側に軸支した作動軸２７の内端部に 連結されており、さらに、作動軸２７を回動させる駆動 手段３０が、浴槽２の外側に設けられ、作動軸２７の回 動に連動して、脚部側リンクアーム２２，２２及び頭部 側リンクアーム２１，２１が下方へ回動して、入浴用担 架５が傾斜底部３に添うように下降する。駆動手段３０ は、電動シリンダ等のアクチュエータで、作動軸２７の 外端に連結された作動アーム２８の下端に連動連結され ている。
Patent JP-3004973-B1 (JP)
Title: 非常用口兼用通常口ドア
IPC: E06B7/32
Filed: 1998-10-02
Granted: 2000-01-31
Abstract: 【要約】
【課題】  出入口が閉戸の状態で地震によってその壁や ドアに捩れや歪みが生じて押圧力がかかった時自動的に 開放開口して迅速に避難できる非常用避難出口を確保す る非常用口兼用通常口ドア。
【解決手段】  建造物出入口２に開閉自在に設けられる 通常口ドア５の外かまち７と該外かまち７内に嵌装する 非常用抜出板６の両接合側周端部を、予め定められた非 常時の避難方向側に拡開する斜角端面形状８で突き合わ せる共に、該両接合側周端面の一側にはＶ字型剔作口１ １を設けまた他側には該Ｖ字型剔作口１１に進入する出 退自在な弧頭形状の係合突起条物１２を設けて構成した 非常用口兼用通常口ドア。
Patent JP-3049023-B1 (JP)
Title: 金銭登録機におけるセキュリティ装置
IPC: G07G1/00
Filed: 1998-11-18
Granted: 2000-06-05
Abstract: 【要約】
【課題】  操作者が金銭登録機を離れた場合でも、セキ ュリティを確保することができる金銭登録機のセキュリ ティ装置を提供する。
【解決手段】  金銭登録機Ｋ近傍での人の出入りを認識 可能な遮蔽物認識センサ４と、運用状態を認識する為の モード錠１と、紙幣を保管するキャシュドロア３と、キ ャッシュドロア３の開閉状態を認識可能な開閉検知セン サ２と、ブザー６とを備え、モード錠１により監視状態 に設定された場合に、上記各センサ４，２により金銭登 録機Ｋ近傍への人の進入、あるいは、キャッシュドロア ３の開状態が認識された場合に上記ブザー６により警告 音が発せられることを特徴とする。
Patent NO-325211-B1 (NO)
Inventor: SOETEWEY LODE
IPC: A46B9/04
Filed: 2000-06-15
Abstract: The toothbrush includes a head which is placed at a front longitudinal end of a handle and which is equipped, on an upper face, with a bunch of parallel filaments and a series of rods made from elastomer material which each extend substantially parallel to the filaments and which are placed substantially in two longitudinal rows with one row on each side of the bunch of filaments. Each row of rods includes tall rods which are arranged longitudinally substantially in the center of the row and the length of which is longer than the length of the adjacent filaments and short rods which are arranged at the ends of the row and the length of which is shorter than the length of the adjacent filaments.