Patent GB-855614-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to radio direction finding systems
Inventor: BYATT DENIS WILLIAM GEORGE
IPC: G01S1/02
Filed: 1958-09-09
Abstract: 855,614. Radio direction-finding; aerials. MARCONI'S WIRELESS TELEGRAPH CO. Ltd. June 2, 1959 [Sept. 9, 1958], No. 28951/58. Class 40(7). In a radio direction-finding system utilizing a plurality of successively-coupled spaced aerial units errors due to steady or fluctuating differences between the plane of polarization of the received wave and the optimum polarization for the aerial system are avoided. The system comprises a first set of aerial units of one plane of polarization angularly spaced round a central point, a second set of aerial units having a plane of polarization substantially different from, and preferably at right angles to, the first set interspaced between the units of the first set, and means for cyclically and in order coupling. each of the units to direction determining equipment. Fig. 1 shows the ground plan of an aerial system in which the vertical dipoles Dl - D5 with their corresponding reflector elements DR1 - DR5 form one set of aerial units. The second set is formed by horizontal loops L1 - L5 with reflector loops LR1 - LR5. The aerial units are spaced at equal intervals round a circle, a loop unit occurring between adjacent dipole units. The reflector elements may be placed to one side of the aerial elements as shown or they may be placed at a suitable position along the radius joining the aerial element to the centre of the system. The aerial elements are connected by balanced lines, individually including series biased-diode switching, to a common balance to unbalance transformer. From the latter a coaxial line leads to a direction-finding receiver of the same type as that described below. The diodes are biased-on in sequence to connect each aerial in turn to the receiver (Fig. 2, not shown). In an embodiment using a different aerial system (Fig. 5) the aerials of one set comprise vertical unipoles each with a reflector as indicated at D5<SP>1</SP> DR5<SP>1</SP>. These are mounted over a conductive ground plane EP and the aerial units of the other set consist of circular slots cut in the ground plane. The slot elements consist of a circular hole in which is positioned a concentric conductive disc; the disc is mounted at the top of a conductive cone spaced from a similar parallel conical surface with its upper edge joined to the hole edge. In the case of the aerial elements (Such as L2<SP>1</SP>) these cones merge at their lower end into a coaxial line feeder while the bottom of inner and outer cones of the reflector elements (Such as LR2<SP>1</SP>) are conductively connected. Each aerial element feeder is connected through its own series switching diode (3, 3<SP>1</SP>) to a common point B from which another feeder leads to the receiver 12. This embodiment is simpler than that using balanced aerial units and aerial feeders as only a single switching diode is required in each feeder as shown instead of the balanced double diode arrangement necessary in the previous embodiment. To couple the diodes in sequence a motor EM is used to drive a phonic wheel pulse generator 13, 14 feeding a ring counter 15 providing sequential positive pulses on its output lines which render the switching diodes conductive in turn. The motor also drives a reference wave generator 16 feeding one input of phase discriminator 17. The second input of the discriminator 17 is the rectified output of receiver 12 fed through filter 19 selecting the switching cycle frequency component. The phase indicating device 18 shows the direction from which the incoming signal is being received. It is not necessary for the individual aerial units to be directional and omnidirectional units, for example a set of simple unipoles and a set of circular slots without reflectors, may be used instead. This requires modification of the receiver so that the output signal has an envelope which corresponds to the phase variations between the signals at the aerials as they are sampled. It is stated that a goniometer may be used instead of the switched diode sequential connecting means described.