baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-714672-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the production of mechanical power using internal combustion engine of diesel type
Inventor: DODDS EDWIN MATHIESON
IPC: F02B49/00
Filed: 1949-11-22
Abstract: 714,672. Cycles; materials special; regulating. STANDARD OIL DEVELOPMENT CO. Oct. 31, 1950 [Nov. 22, 1949], No. 29819/49. Drawings to Specification. Classes 7(2) and 7(6) In a method of producing mechanical power using an internal combustion engine of Diesel type a mixture of air and an essentially vaporized secondary fuel which is different from the conventional primary fuel is introduced into the air intake to the engine and the secondary fuel is present in amount insufficient to burn under the conditions of temperature and pressure pertaining in the combustion chamber up to the time that the conventional primary fuel is injected and less secondary fuel than primary is admitted, the engine being otherwise operated under conventional Diesel conditions, the amount of conventional primary fuel being never less than that amount required to operate the engine at no load. The mixture may be a weak gasoline/air mixture. The power of the engine is increased without increasing the exhaust smoking or for a given power exhaust smoking is decreased. The proportion of fuel in the mixture to the total fuel should be less than 50 per cent. The advantages of employing the non-explosive mixture are most pronounced when the engine is running under conditions approaching maximum power so that preferably the secondary fuel is employed only when the engine is delivering 50 per cent and preferably 75 per cent of the maximum power. In one embodiment the Diesel fuel supply delivers a maximum flow corresponding to a power output of say 75 per cent to 90 per cent of the rated maximum output and for powers above this value the gasoline air mixture is fed into the intake. It is stated that fuels which may be liquefied but are vapours at normal temperatures and pressures may be used as the secondary fuels or fuels boiling in the kerosene range. Burning oil, ether and natural gas are mentioned. The gasoline may be supplied by a single-jet carburetter or an atomizing nozzle. When heavier fuels are used they are vaporized for example by exhaust heat or by an electric heater. The fuel supplies may be controlled by two lost motion devices by which the conventional fuel is supplied in gradually increasing quantity up to a certain amount and then kept constant while the supply of mixture by way of the carburetter is gradually brought into use. Alternatively an arrangement of staggered cams may be employed. When operating at standard load to reduce smoke density the octane number of the aspirated fuel seems to be of little significance, the observed smoke densities at 1,800 r.p.m. and full load being substantially the same with n-heptane, 710.N gasoline and iso-octane. The octane number does affect the maximum power obtainable at standard exhaust smoke density of 15 however. Test results are given in the Specification.
Patent GB-409223-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to compression refrigerating apparatus
IPC: F25B31/02
Filed: 1933-10-27
Abstract: 409,223. Refrigerating. WESTING- HOUSE ELECTRIC & MANUFACTURING CO., East Pittsburg, U.S.A.-(Assignees of Terry, M. C. ; 18414, Parkside Avenue, Detroit, Michigan, and Buckley, T. A. ; 87, Thompson Street, Springfield, Massachusetts, both in U.S.A.) Oct. 27, 1933, No. 29838. Convention date, Nov. 4, 1932. [Class 29.] Compression machines and systems.-The oscillating-cylinder compressor 17 and its electric driving-motor 13 are carried by a support 22 having a sleeve 45 which fits closely within a hermetically sealed casing resiliently supported by springs 65, 69, Figs. 3 and 2 respectively upon a base 3 carrying the condenser 2, Fig. 1, motor-driven fan 4, and the float chamber 7 connected to the evaporator 8. The motor and the compressor are mounted on the support 22 to form a unit which is secured in position by a transverse strip 61 secured at its ends to lugs on the inside of the casing. The sound mufflers 19 on the compressor suction and discharge ports are carried by a bracket 42 secured to the compressor which is supported by a trunnion 33 in the support 22. The trunnion is mounted in an eccentrically-bored bush 48 having a toothed-flange which permits adjustment of the compressor cylinder to vary the clearance space. An unloader valve e.g. of the kind described in Specification 392,799, is directly secured to the compressor cylinder. Lubricant is thrown by a scoop 39 depending from the connecting-rod 37 into a stationary duct 51, Fig. 4, carried by the support 22 and thence flows to the motor bearing.
Patent GB-1186477-A (GB)
Title: Drying Process and Apparatus
Inventor: MISHKIN ABRAHAM RUDOLPH
IPC: F26B5/06
Filed: 1968-06-24
Abstract: 1,186,477. Freeze drying coffee and tea extracts. NESTL•'S PRODUCTS Ltd. 24 June, 1968 [6 July, 1967], No. 29930/68. Heading A2B [Also in Division F4] In freeze drying liquids (e.g. coffee or tea extracts), the liquid and a gas are simultaneously sprayed through nozzle 2 into a freezing chamber 1 at subatmospheric pressure to form frozen particles and the frozen particles are subsequently freeze dried in a freeze drying chamber (not shown). The liquid may be sprayed in the form of a conical sheet through orifice 13 and the gas in the form of an annular curtain through orifice 15. The chamber 1 is connected to condensers 5 and vacuum pump 9.
Patent GB-1196224-A (GB)
Title: Piperidine Derivatives
IPC: C07D519/00
Filed: 1968-06-24
Abstract: 1,196,224. Piperidine - spiro - heterocyclic compounds. SANKYO CO. Ltd. 24 June, 1968 [22 June, 1967 (2); 19 March, 1968; 31 May, 1968 (2)], No. 30037/68. Heading C2C. [Also in Division C3] The invention comprises compounds of the formula wherein X is oxygen or sulphur, Y is oxygen or an imino group, Z is oxygen or an imino group, R 1  and R 2  are C 1-4  alkyl groups, n is 1 or 2 and R 3  is an alkyl group, a C 5-7  ring carbon cycloalkyl group or a C 6-10  ring carbon aryl group which aryl group may be substituted by halogen or C 1-4  alkyl or C 1-4  alkoxy groups, or R 3  is an alkylene group, an arylene group optionally substituted by a C 1-4  alkyl group or a group wherein R 4  is oxygen, sulphur, an imino, -S-S- or -(CH 2 m, group where m is 1-6. The compounds are prepared by heating piperidine compounds of the Formulµ (IV) and (VI) either in the presence or absence of a strong mineral acid. The carbamides of the Formula IV yield the imidazolidine compounds in which Y is an imino group in the absence of an acid, and imidazolidines in which Y is oxygen in the presence of the acid. Similarly the carbamates of the Formula VI yield the oxazolidines in which Y is an imino group in the absence of the acid, and oxazolidines in which Y is oxygen in the presence of the acid. The compounds of the Formulµ IV and VI are prepared by treating piperidines of the Formulµ II and V respectively is an isocyanate or thioisocyanate R 3 -(NCX) n . Numerous examples of the spiro compounds are provided. These compounds are used as stabilizers for synthetic polymers.
Patent GB-781485-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to methods for the separation of solutes by partition
Inventor: HARTLEY GILBERT SPENCER
IPC: B01F11/00
Filed: 1954-10-19
Abstract: In a system for separation of a solute by partition between immiscible solvents in which the liquids flow through a series of vessels and with separation between vessels agitation of the liquid in the vessels is achieved by means of the movement of a loose body, e.g. small glass rods.  The rods may be caused to move by using loose bodies containing magnetizable material and subjecting to a fluctuating magnetic field or the agitation may be carried out by mounting the vessels on a vibrating table.
Patent GB-369162-A (GB)
Title: Process for the recovery of beryllium compounds from beryllium-bearing minerals
IPC: C01F3/00
Filed: 1931-10-30
Abstract: Beryllium is extracted from minerals by suspending the finely ground mineral in water and treating it with carbon dioxide at ordinary or elevated temperature and pressure.  Small quantities of acids or bases, such as ammonia, soda, hydrochloric acid, or sulphuric acid are added to accelerate the reaction.  The resulting solution is neutralized, separated, and evaporated, silica being removed by repeated acidification and evaporation. The final filtrate from the silica is neutralized by ammonia and treated with excess of sodium bicarbonate, filtered, acidified with hydrochloric acid, heated to expel carbon dioxide, and treated by ammonia to precipitate beryllium hydroxide.  Complete recovery of beryllium from the mineral may be effected by repeated extraction by the above method.  Preliminary calcination of the mineral may provide the carbon dioxide used in the process. Minerals which may be treated include beryl, pegmatite, felspar, mica, micaceous shales, granite, kaolin, clay, bromellite, hambergite, trimerite, phenacite, melinophane, leucophane, helvine, danalite, eudidymite, euclase, gadolinite, chrysoberyl, herderite, and hydroherderite.  A statement of the art refers to the treatment of beryl with alkaline fluxes, fluorides or silicofluorides, carbon or carbides, and alkali or alkaline-earth halides.  In this connection, inter alia, U.S.  Specifications 1,656,660, 1,392,045, and 1,392,046 are referred to.  The prior treatment of gadolinite with sulphuric acid, followed by leaching and treatment with oxalic acid, and heating with potassium carbonate, soda lye, and ammonia to precipitate beryllium and iron oxides is also referred to, the mixed precipitate being dissolved, the iron oxidized and reprecipitated with soda lye, leaving the beryllium in solution which is recovered as carbonate.  Leucophane has been treated similarly, in which connection French Specification 611,457 is referred to, whilst gadolinite has been extracted by aqua regia.  The separation of aluminium and iron from beryllium including precipitating the iron as sulphide by ammonium sulphide or from acetic acid solution by sulphuretted hydrogen, or as hydroxide by hydrolysis as in German Specification 451,346 followed by precipitation of beryllium hydroxide by lime and conversion thereof into fluoride by hydrofluoric acid is also referred to; as is the precipitation of beryllium as a double oxalate with potassium, and the treatment of the product of dissociating beryllium ores with potassium hydroxide, after separation of silica, by boiling the solution extracted with potash lye to recover a beryllium oxide containing a little aluminium hydroxide which is redissolved in hydrochloric acid and evaporated with ammonium carbonate to obtain a basic beryllium carbonate.
Patent GB-208145-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in process for obtaining certain remedial principles of oils
IPC: A61K31/07
Filed: 1923-12-03
Abstract: The antirachitic principle of oils is extracted by treating the oil with 95 per cent alcohol or other neutral organic solvent, precipitating the free fatty acids also dissolved as insoluble soaps, such as those of the alkaline earth metals, and dissolving out the active principle from the precipitate by means of a solvent such as acetone.  According to the example, cod-liver oil is extracted with 95 per cent alcohol, sodium hydroxide then added to form the sodium soaps of the free fatty acids present, the insoluble calcium soaps precipitated by the addition of calcium chloride and the soaps finally treated with acetone. Further purification is effected by extracting the concentrated acetone solution with ether, washing the ether extract with dilute alkali and acid, and distilling to obtain the active principle as a brown waxy material.  Other fish-liver oils and fish-oils such as Menhaden oils may also be used.  Specification 3075/15 is referred to.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 (3) (a) describes also a modified process in which the whole of the oil is first saponified with alcoholic sodium hydroxide and the products dissolved in water; the solution is then either extracted with ether, the extract dissolved in alcohol and evaporated to crystallize out the cholesterol, the remainder containing the antirachitic principle or alternatively, calcium chloride is added to precipitate the calcium soaps, which are extracted with alcohol and the dissolved cholesterol removed from the antirachitic principle by crystallization.  Besides fish oils and fish-liver oils, vegetable oils may also be treated.  This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.
Patent GB-952383-A (GB)
Title: Electrically ignited gas torch
IPC: F23Q3/00
Filed: 1961-08-23
Abstract: 952,383. Momentary-contact switches. E. D. WILSON. Aug. 23. 1961 [Jan. 24, 1961], No. 30394/61. Heading H2B. [Also in Division F4] An electric switch comprises a pin 123 actuated by a trigger (not shown) to tilt a lever 120 to which is pivoted a pawl 127 adapted to engage releasably a pin 116 on a wheel 115. A contact arm 132 is pivoted on a pin 133 and a spring 128 acts between the contact arm and the pawl 127. When the trigger is actuated the pawl rotates the wheel in an anti-clockwise direction against the action of a further spring 140 and when the pawl is disengaged by the action of a pin 143 the wheel is rotated clockwise by the further spring 140 and a pin 117 on the wheel strikes the contact arm 132 to close the contacts 134, 135. The spring 128 immediately opens the contacts.
Patent GB-915108-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to butterfly valves
Inventor: FELTON GEORGE AUBREY
IPC: F16K1/22
Filed: 1959-09-07
Abstract: 915,108. Valves. BOVING & CO. Ltd. Aug. 24, 1960 [Sept. 7, 1959], No. 30444/59. Class 135. A butterfly valve comprises a closure member 2 pivoted asymmetrically so that normal flow of fluid past the open valve has an opening effect whereas reverse flow has a closing effect and a jack 5 for controlling the pivoting of the closure member, a switch being provided in the valve for connection to a system controlling operation of the jack, an abutment 11 connected to the blade for pivotal movement therewith and a switch 11x for cooperation with the abutment in the open position of the closure member, the switch being operable by movement of the abutment on movement of the closure member from the open position to effect or allow closing of the member 2 through control of the jack. The closure member is pivoted on a spindle 3 which is secured to a plate 4 connected to the ram of the jack 5 and carrying an arm 8 on which a weight 7 is mounted abutments 9, 10, 11 being fixed to the plate and co-operating with switches 9x, 10x and 11x. The valve is actuated through a control system as shown in Fig. 3, in which a solenoid-operated valve 17 is connected inan hydraulic pressure line 13 between an accumulator 16 and the ram 5; a second solenoid-operated valve 19 is mounted on the ram and is connected to the exhaust line 14 leading to a reservoir 15. In operation, upon the actuation of a motorcontrol unit 18, the valve 17 is opened and the ram lifted against the action of the weight 7 to open the closure member 2; the valve 17 may now be closed and the closure member 2 remains open until the control unit 18 is again actuated to open the valve 19 and release the pressure fluid in the ram to the reservoir, the closure member 2 then opening under the action of the weight 7 and of the fluid pressure acting on the closure member 2; the valve 19 provides a dash-pot effect on the ram. By appropriate actuation of the master control unit 18, the butterfly valve may also be operated so that when the solenoid valve 17 is open and the rams 5 opens the closure member 2, the abutment 11 contacts the. switch 11x and thus closes the valve 17 and brings into circuit but does not operate, the solenoid valve 19; upon any reduction of flow passed the closure member 2 the closure member tends to close due to it being asymmetrically mounted and this small movement actuates a switch 11x which then operates the solenoid valve 19 and thus releases the pressure in the ram. When the butterfly valve is used in a pump pipe line the operation of the valve 19 may also be effected via the control unit 18, by a speed-sensitive switch 20 connected to the pump. In a modification, the hydraulic ram may be replaced by a jack operated by an electric motor. Alternatively, the various electrical switches may be replaced by pressure-sensitive valves in a pneumatic control system.
Patent GB-164391-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to sewing machines
IPC: D05B57/14
Filed: 1919-12-05
Abstract: 164,391. Bell, F. J. T., Bell, H. C., and Twin Bobbin Sewing Machine Co., Ltd. Dec. 5, 1919. Sewing-machines; lock-stitching by hooks.-An oscillating lock stitch hook or other loop-taker is driven by flexible connections from a wheel which is oscillated by link-work. A hook 5 is mounted on an oblique pivot pin 4 and a wheel J is mounted on a similarly oblique spindle. Two lengths of chain M, N have their ends fixed to the wheel J and to the hook body; separate grooves being provided in the latter for the two chains. The ends of the chain carried by the wheel are secured in a screwed washer combination P which can be moved radially to adjust the tension of the chains. The wheel is oscillated by sliding connection of a pin K upon it with a link D and, since the wheel plane is not parallel with the plane in which the link moves, the pin is free to slide axially and laterally in a slot. The mechanism may be modified to impart a continuous rotation to the hook. It is shown applied to an oscillating hook which is described in Specification 164,390.
Patent GB-602983-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to ventilators and to filtering and humidifying air
IPC: F24F3/12
Filed: 1945-11-14
Abstract: 602,983. Separating dust &c. from air. DAVIES, L. G. Nov. 14, 1945, No. 30485. Drawings to Specification. [Class 8 (ii)] [Also in Groups X and XII] In a ventilator comprising a trough containing a horizontal cylinder (see Group X), the cylinder contains a helical blade to cause a swirling motion of the air passing through the cylinder so that dust &c. is separated therefrom. To assist the separation, the interior of the cylinder and the helix may be coated with an adhesive substance such as oil, grease or petroleum jelly, and the cylinders are then removed from time to time to be washed and given a fresh coating which is applied under heat. The cylinder may be of oval shape and may taper longitudinally. The helical blades may be corrugated or otherwise roughened and their pitch may vary along the length of the cylinders.
Patent GB-208153-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to candy making machines
IPC: A23G3/12
Filed: 1923-12-05
Abstract: 208,153. Package Machinery Co., (Assignees of Miller, E. C.). Dec. 7, 1922, [Convention date]. Mo,ulding confectionery; stream-cutting machines; rolling-machines; rotary-mould-table machines; pressing- plungers. - Comprises a machine wherein confectionery is formed into a strand, the strand is severed into units, and the units are delivered to shaping- dies, a pointed stick being forced into each confection, during shaping, to provide a handle. As shown, the confectionery is shaped into a strand between hollowed rollers 26 furnished with spikes 27 and is severed by a pair of knives 28, 29, pivoted on shafts 30, 31 and coupled bv levers 32 and a link 33. The severed pieces are detached by an arm 35 and pass through a guide 57 into mould pockets 56 in a rotary table carried by a shaft 46 rotated intermittently through a ratchet 48. Extending radially from each pocket 56 is a guide channel 58 for a stick 73. Shaping of the confection is effected by a top die 63 carried by a stem 64 operated through a lever 62 and plunger 61 through a spring connection 59, Fig. 7. The sticks 73 are fed from a hopper 71, Fig. 6, through a vertical shoot 72 into a guide 74 through which they are forced into the mould by a plunger 76 reciprocated through a lever 79. Each mould 56 is fitted with a bottom die 90 furnished with a stem 91 adapted to engage a fixed cam 93 to eject the finished articles. Motion is imparted to the various parts by eccentrics and a crank disc on a main shaft 13. The lever 62 is furnished with a tail piece 62<1> adapted to engage an arm 83 and operate agitators 85 in the hopper 71. At the lower end of the shoot 72 are feed rollers which are connected by gears 89 and are rotated intermittently. The rollers 26 are connected by gears 37 and are turned intermittently by pawls 38.
Patent GB-485165-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of lubricating oils
IPC: C10M105/06
Filed: 1936-11-11
Abstract: A process for the manufacture of condensation products by condensing a chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon of high molecular weight with an aromatic hydrocarbon such as benzene or toluene by the aid of aluminium chloride, includes the step of separating the upper layer after the condensation, and treating this layer at ordinary or slightly elevated temperature (30-40 DEG  C.) with a solid alkaline reacting material or with an aqueous solution of ammonia or of an alkaline ammonium salt, to prevent the formation of an intractable oil emulsion when the excess of benzene or toluene is steam-distilled off.  Chlorinated paraffin wax is preferred as the aliphatic constituent.  Examples of the solid alkaline reacting materials are slaked lime, sodium carbonate, sodium acetate, ammonium carbonate, sodium carbonate, zinc oxide and magnesium oxide.  In an example, 650 parts of chlorinated paraffin wax containing 25,4 per cent of Cl were reacted with 1055 parts of benzene in the presence of 70 parts of AlCl3. When the reaction was complete and the mixture had separated into two layers, the upper layer was separated and filtered through a bed of sodium carbonate monohydrate.  The resulting clear coloured liquid was then steam-distilled without formation of emulsion to remove the excess of benzene.  Specification 473,334 is referred to.
Patent GB-249446-A (GB)
Title: Penetrators for testing penetration hardness
IPC: G01N3/44
Filed: 1925-12-07
Abstract: 249,446. Wilson, C. H. Dec. 7, 1925. Testing hardness of materials.-A penetrator for testing the hardness of materials by the indentation method has a convexly curved penetrating tip 5 and a frustoconical penetrating part 6 which merges into the spherical tip. The angle of the core is preferably 120‹; the radius of the spherical segment is between 0.20 and 0.23 millimeters, and the depth of the segment is less than half the radius. The penetrator is preferably a diamond, and is mounted on a holder 2 as by cement. In use, a minor load is first applied, causing the spherical tip to enter the material. A major load is then applied causing the conical part to penetrate. The hardness is deduced from the differences in depth of the impressions produced by the minor and major loads.
Patent GB-1023656-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the curing of epoxide resins
Inventor: TILLEY COLIN GEORGE
IPC: C08G65/26
Filed: 1963-08-06
Abstract: Epoxide resins are cured by heating in the presence of a curing agent comprising a chemical complex of a polymerized monoepoxy compound and a boron trifluoride co-ordination compound or complex which has served to polymerize the epoxy compound.  The epoxy compound may be epichlorohydrin, phenyl glycidyl ether, butyl glycidyl ether, other glycidyl ethers or esters, alkylene oxides or epoxidized hydrocarbons.  The boron trifluoride compound may be formed from an ethylene glycol monoalkyl ether, ethylamine, benzylamine, N-ethylaniline, chloroaniline or dimethyl benzylamine, and it may be preformed or generated in situ.  A hydroxy compound, e.g. ethanol, glycol, glycerol, hydroquinone or pentaerythritol, may be incorporated during the polymerization. In Examples 5, 6 and 8 an epoxy resin is present during the polymerization of the epoxy compound.  The examples refer to the curing on "Epikote" (Registered Trade Mark) with the polymers produced.