Patent GB-1073360-A (GB)
Title: Hydrostatic transmission
IPC: F16H61/46
Filed: 1964-11-16
Abstract: 1,073,360. Hydrostatic transmissions. NEW YORK AIR BRAKE CO. Nov. 16, 1964 [Feb. 17, 1964], No. 46670/64. Headings F2C and F2D. A closed hydrostatic transmission comprises a pump and an axial piston motor having a variable inclination swash-plate which is biased towards its maximum displacement position by the forces exerted by the pistons when the pump is driving the motor, and which is biased towards its minimum displacement position when the motor drives the pump, the swash-plate being moved towards its minimum displacement position under the biasing forces when the motor overruns to limit the braking effect. Fig. 1 shows an embodiment in which the maximum displacement position of the motor swash-plate 41b is determined by a servo control valve 48a and the minimum displacement position is determined by a servo control 43b responsive to the pressure of the higher pressure transmission line and to the output speed. The servo control valve 48a comprises a valve spool 63a manually shiftable within a valve sleeve 56a connected by a lever 68a to the wsash-plate 41b and slidable inside a fixed casing 49a having an inlet port 23b and outlet ports 54a, 55a leading to either side of a piston 71 controlling the position of the swash plate. Normally the outlet ports are blocked by lands of the spool 63a; movement of the spool to the left or right opens port 54a or 55a to the inlet port and port 55a or 54a to an exhaust port to adjust the swash-plate until valve sleeve 56a returns to the null position in which the outlet ports are blocked. The swash-plate 41b is biased towards the minimum displacement position under overrun conditions. The position assumed by the swash-plate, however, is dependent upon motor speed and pressure. The piston 71 co-operates with a spindle 72 which is urged to the right by a spring 79 and to the left by an output speed governor 81. A piston 83 formed on the spindle 82 is subjected on its right-hand face to the pressure in whichever transmission line 18b, 21b is at the higher pressure by way of a shuttle valve 85. Under overrun conditions, the high pressure acting on piston 83 and the force exerted by governor 81 shifts the spindle 72 to the left to uncover an exhaust passage 76 from working chamber 45b at the left-hand side of the piston 71. The piston thus starts to move to the left to reduce the displacement of the swash-plate, this movement shifting the valve sleeve 56a to the right thus opening working chamber 44b at the righthand side of piston 71 to reservoir 31b and the working chamber 45b to the inlet 51a which is supplied by a charge pump. When piston 71 begins to close the exhaust passage 76 the throttling effect establishes a pressure in the working chamber 45b that balances the biasing moment acting on the swash-plate 41b, and the parts come to rest. The reduction in the displacement of the motor depends upon the speed of the motor and the pressure in the higher pressure transmission line. As the motor decelerates and the pressure in the transmission line decreases, the spring 79 shifts the spindle 72 to the right and increases the throttling effect at the exhuast passage 76 so that the pressure in working chamber 45b is increased and piston 71 shifts the swash-plate in the displacementincreasing direction. The rightward movement of piston 71 continues until the throttling effect at the exhaust passage 76 establishes a pressure in the working chamber 45b equalizing the piston forces acting on the swash-plate 41b. The controls continue to function in this manner until the overrun condition is ended and the swash-plate 41b has been returned to the position corresponding to the position of the valve spool 63a. This embodiment affords the maximum degree of braking consistent with safe conditions. In a modification the speed and pressure control is dispensed with and the chamber 45b is connected to exhaust through a relief valve.