baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-754282-A (GB)
Title: A device more particularly for marking out hems
IPC: A41H31/00
Filed: 1954-06-29
Abstract: 754.282. Marking-off hems &c. BUB, M., MEISSNER-. June 29, 1954 [Nov. 11, 1953], No. 19054/54. Class 61  A device for use in marking hems and other purposes, comprises a rectangular strip of material with at least one scale and having equally spaced notches on at least one longitudinal edge together with at least one linear mark parallel to the longitudinal edge and intersecting the notches. As shown in Fig. 1, angular notches c each having one side d parallel to the edge b of the strip a are provided at distances of one centimetre apart and a notch c' at half a centimetre from the edge b. A centimetre scale is provided on the reverse side of the tool. The longitudinal edge opposite the notches c has one or more rectangular notches f. A line e at one centimetre from the longitudinal notched edge is used for marking parallel rows of dots on work for smocking. In a modification, Fig. 4, a second marking line e' is provided at a distance of half a centimetre from the line e and the mouths of the angular notches have parallel sides d, d' spaced apart at distances of half a centimetre.
Patent GB-202480-A (GB)
Title: Fuel and circulating combination pump for internal-combustion engines
IPC: F02M59/14
Filed: 1922-07-12
Abstract: 202,480. Wade, E. July 12, 1922. Diaphragm and flexible - chamber pumps; actuating by gas engines.-In a two-stroke internal-combustion engine a flexible diaphragm pump for supplying fuel and cooling water is operated by the suction and compression in the crankchamber, the timing of the fuel injection being effected by the main piston. The pump chamber is divided into three compartments by flexible diaphragms d, d<1>, the movement of which is limited by perforated plates z. The central compartment c is connected by a pipe n to the engine crank-chamber, while the compartment o acts as a fuel pump and the compartment o' as a water pump supplying the water-jacket w. The suction occurs when the piston a uncovers the passage n at the top of its stroke, and the discharge of the pumps occurs when a port h in the piston skirt registers with the passage n near the end of the down stroke. Should serious leakages of liquid occur into the central compartment c, a ball valve x closes communication with the passage n and thus stops the engine.
Patent GB-395156-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the production of relief patterned rubber bathing caps or like hollow rubber articles
IPC: B29C37/00
Filed: 1932-07-06
Abstract: Bathing-caps and like hollow articles are made by applying sheet rubber either in sheet form or preformed, to a core covered with a sheath carrying a pattern, and vulcanizing without the use of external pressure moulds.  The article is then turned inside out. Patterning on both sides may be obtained by applying an outer patterned sheath in addition to the inner.  The sheath may be made of paper, woven fabric, woven metal or the like.  The core may be made of metal, which may be perforated, or of porous material.
Patent GB-661085-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to a dye bath for textiles and method of dyeing therewith
IPC: D06P1/44
Filed: 1947-07-18
Abstract: Pigmented lacquers containing a thermo-hardening resin in an organic solvent are emulsified into an aqueous medium, preferably containing an emulsifying agent, the product being used for dyeing textiles. The resin comprises not more than 2.5 per cent of the total dye bath and is present in at least twice the volume of the pigment; the solvent has a vapour pressure not greater than 28 mm. at 25 DEG  C. Preferred resins are those obtained from formaldehyde and urea, thiourea, melamine, and other urea derivatives.  Such resins may be set by heating the fabric at 95-150 DEG  C. for 1-5 minutes. Phenol-formaldehyde resins are less suitable, but alkyd resins may be added if compatible with the carbamide-formaldehyde resin.  Examples show the use of urea-formaldehyde and alkyd resins in hydrocarbon solvents and pine oil, with carbon black, titanium dioxide and insoluble azo and anthraquinone dyestuffs as pigments.ALSO:Textiles are pigmented uniformly by the action of an emulsion, the disperse phase of which consists of a thermohardening synthetic resin dissolved in an organic solvent, and the continuous phase is aqueous; the disperse phase contains a pigment which is present before the emulsion is formed.  On drying, the pigment is bonded to the fibres by the resin, the lacquer having flowed round the fibres and left the interstices open.  The resin comprises not more than 2.5 per cent of the total dye bath and is present in at least twice the volume of the pigment; the solvent has a vapour pressure not greater than 28 mm. at 25 DEG  C.  Preferred resins are those obtained from formaldehyde and urea, thiourea, melamine, and other urea derivatives.  Such resins may be set by heating the fabric at 95-150 DEG  C. for 1-5 minutes. Phenol-formaldehyde resins are less suitable, but alkyd resins may be added if compatible with the carbamide-formaldehyde resin. Evenness of dyeing is ensured by drying the material under uniform tension. Examples show typical emulsions, using as pigments: carbon black, titanium dioxide and insoluble azo and anthraquinone dyestuffs.  The presence of an emulsifying agent in the aqueous phase is desirable.
Patent GB-1137311-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to circuit arrangements for ignition and control in excitation devices
Inventor: SAPICH DIETER
IPC: H05B43/00
Filed: 1966-05-02
Abstract: 1,137,311. Semi-conductor and spark gap switching circuits. TECHNISCH-PHYSIKALISCHE WERKST TTEN VEB. 2 May, 1966, No. 19266/66. Headings H3P and H3T. An arrangement for initiating a discharge in a spark gap 19 comprises a thyristor 13 in circuit with a capacitor 14, and the primary of a transformer 15, the secondary of the transformer 15 being shunted by a capacitor 16 in parallel with a series circuit comprising an auxiliary spark gap 17 and the primary of a second transformer 18. When the thyratron 13 is fired, the resulting pulse fires the auxiliary spark gap 17 and produces a pulse in a low impedance secondary of air cored transformer 18 to fire the spark gap 19 in a spectrochemical analysis apparatus. With spark discharge, capacitor 23 rapidly discharges and extinguishes the gap, since the voltage becomes too low for arc discharge. When arc discharge is required capacitor 23 is shunted by a series C.R. circuit 24, 25. Thyristor firing circuit.-A 50 c/s. input is applied via a phase shifter 1, 2 to a Schmitt trigger circuit 3 which produces output pulses to feed to a binary divider chain 4. Outputs may be selected from various stages of the divider, and fed to a pulse discriminator 7 to produce a square-wave whose mark and space periods are determined by the points on the divider from which the outputs are taken. The output from discriminator 7 is fed to a gate circuit 8 to gate the supply of 50 c/s. pulses from trigger circuit 3 to thyristor 13. The gate circuit 8 comprises a pair of transistors with the emitter collector paths in series, Fig. 3 (not shown). The 50 c/s. pulse train is fed to the base of one transistor (10), and produces switching pulses for the thyristor at its collector, during the time that the other transistor (9) is rendered conductive by the output from the pulse discriminator applied to its base.
Patent GB-668413-A (GB)
Title: Improvement in the preparation of a cardio-active glycoside
IPC: C07J75/00
Filed: 1949-07-22
Abstract: Crystalline digitoxin is obtained from Digitalis purpurea leaves by extracting them with an aqueous alcoholic solvent (50-95 per cent of C1-4 alcohols), washing the extract with a water-immiscible solvent which dissolves fats and other vegetative materials but not digitoxin principles (e.g. carbon tetrachloride, turpentine, amyl ether, kerosene or cyclohexane), separating the two solvents, extracting the digitoxin principles with a water-immiscible organic solvent (e.g. ethyl or isopropyl ether, dimethyl carbonate, n-propyl chloride, methylchloroform or mixtures such as chloroform+amyl ether) and isolating the digitoxin from the extract.  The term "digitoxin principles" includes digitoxin and its addition products.  The initial alcoholic extraction may be combined with or preceded by treatment with a tannin- and extractive-precipitant which precipitates unwanted material such as tannins and resins or renders them less soluble in the alcoholic solvent.  Such a precipitant comprises an acetate, chloride, carbonate or basic salt of a bivalent metal such as lead, iron, copper, tin or chromium, in solid form or as an aqueous solution or suspension. The preferred alcoholic solvent is denatured ethanol (10 : 1 ethyl and methyl)+water, containing, e.g., 60-70 per cent alcohols and 40-30 per cent water.  After extraction with this, the alcohol is preferably removed in vacuo before the next step.  The isolation of digitoxin from the final extract is carried out by washing with water and alkalis (to remove gitalin), drying, and concentrating to precipitate crude digitoxin. This is recrystallized from aqueous alcohol until sufficiently pure. Examples are given of the process.
Patent GB-1021938-A (GB)
Title: Process for the coloration of polyamides
Inventor: COLLIER GEOFFREY LIONEL
IPC: C08K5/00
Filed: 1963-05-15
Abstract: A process for the mass coloration of a synthetic linear polyamide comprises incorporating in the polyamide at some stage prior to the final spinning or fabrication into solid objects, an iron, cobalt, nickel or copper complex of a monoazo dyestuff having metallizable groups in positions adjacent to the azo linkage.  Specified metallizable groups are hydroxy, alkoxy, carboxy, carbalkoxy and amino groups.  Specified dyestuffs whose metal complexes may be used are those of o : o1-dihydroxy-monoazo dyes, o-hydroxy-o1-carboxy monoazo dyes and o-carboxy-o1-amino monoazo dyes, many such dyes being exemplified.  Examples are given.
Patent GB-478203-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to vertical internal combustion engines employing under-piston compression
IPC: F02F11/00
Filed: 1936-07-13
Abstract: 478,203. Filtering compressed charge. POUNDER, C. C., and REBBECK, F. E. July 13, 1936, No. 19346. [Class 7 (ii)] In an engine with under-piston compression, discharge' from the pump space to other working parts of liquid or solid particles is prevented by interposing a trap or drain 10 at the pump-space outlet. The base 8 of the pump space is sloping, or helicoidal, and separate from the crank-case cover 5.
Patent GB-500727-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in self-lubricating bearings
IPC: F16N7/24
Filed: 1937-07-13
Abstract: 500,727. Bearings; coating - compositions. HUBNER, G. July 13, 1937, No. 19353. [A Specification was laid open to inspection under Sect. 91 of the Acts, Jan. 14, 1937.] [Class 12 (i)] [Also in Groups III and V] An oil-impregnated bearing element a ia coated at the points at which no oil is to emerge with a film b of gelatine or like protein substance which shrinks on drying so that it is completely impervious to air and oil. The film may be hardened, e.g. by formal. dehyde or coated with a varnish unaffected by water. The bearing may include oil absorb. ing felt linings d, e, of felt held in position by metal rings p, q. The bearing material may be wood, porous metallico-ceramic material, or asbestos. The film b may consist of glue, glycerine, talc and a colouring matter; or animal glue, glycerine and linseed oil; or, water, gelatine, glycerine, zinc oxide and sugar. As shown, for the neck bearings of self acting mule spindles, the bearing a is carried by springs i which are stressed upon application of a cover m to the frame h. In a modification the bearing a, Fig. 6, is cylindrical, has a foot-step bearing k and is supported in a housing by springs l.
Patent GB-1300237-A (GB)
Title: Selenium rectifiers
IPC: H01L21/12
Filed: 1970-04-22
Abstract: 1300237 Selenium rectifiers SIEMENS AG 22 April 1970 [25 April 1969] 19382/70 Heading H1K In the manufacture of a selenium rectifier, doped selenium is applied by sprinkling with powder or by vapour deposition to a metallic carrier electrode and the structure heated to at least 250‹ C. to form an intermediate layer of metal selenide beneath a residual selenium layer. A lower temperature heating stage may next be used to suitably crystallize the residual selenium layer. The main selenium layer is then applied (by vapour deposition), a counter electrode applied (tin-cadmium alloy), and the otherwise completed structure is then thermally formed. The conditions of manufacture are such as to prevent operational voltage drop at the carrier electrode and are chosen to produce a conductivity ratio of the residual and main selenium layers in the range 5-50 : 1. The carrier electrode may be nickel-coated iron. The first applied selenium may be doped with chlorine, bromine or iodine in combination with antimony, bismuth, tin, tellurium, thallium, indium, gallium, iron, arsenic or sulphur. The selenium of the main layer may be halogendoped (chlorine) and, if the conductivity is kept low, additionally with a metallic element. Ageing, leading to high resistance, is counteracted by the diffusion of dopants from the residual selenium layer to the main selenium layer during operation.
Patent GB-994395-A (GB)
Title: A process for melting ferrous scrap by exothermic reaction
IPC: C22B7/00
Filed: 1963-05-15
Abstract: An exothermic composition for melting ferrous scrap comprises silicon in a readily oxidizeable state and a solid oxidizing reagent. The silicon may be used as such or as Fe-Si, Ca-Si, Fe-Si-Mn, -Zr, -Mo, -Ti, -W, -V or -Cr or Al-Si, Si-Mn or Al-Si-Mn, -Fe, or -Ca.  The oxidizing agent may be Na, K or Ca nitrate, K or Na chlorate or perchlorate and may contain iron, manganese or chromium oxide. Specification 994,394 is referred to.ALSO:A process for melting ferrous scrap comprises using an exothermic composition based on the element silicon containing a solid oxidizing agent as the source of heat.  The silicon must be in a readily oxidizable state and may be in the form of Si, Fe-Si, Ca-Si, Fe-Si-Mn, Al-Si, Si-Mn, Fe-Si-Zr, -Ti, -Mo, -W, -V or -Cr, or Al-Si-Mn, -Fe or -Ca.  The oxidizing agent may be Na, K, or Ca nitrate, K or Na chlorate or perchlorate and may contain iron, manganese or chromium oxide.  The resultant pool of metal may be blown with oxygen to superheat it and to remove any excess silicon.  Specification 994,394 is referred to.
Patent GB-242715-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in regulating or control systems for dynamo-electric machines
Filed: 1924-08-15
Abstract: 242,715. Ross, T. W., and Metropolitan-Vickers Electrical Co., Ltd. Aug. 15, 1924. Regulation, automatic; systems depending on two or more machines.-When a dynamo-electric machine such as a generator 2 is switched in parallel with a steadily running machine 1, for example in response to increased demand on the mains 3, 4, automatic regulation of the field of the newly switched-in machine during the period required to warm up to normal working temperature is effected by a rheostat 12 operated by a reversible motor 13 which first puts in all the resistance and afterwards cuts it out as the temperature increases, thus keeping the load shared proportionally between the machines. The motor 13 is controlled by a differential relay 9 having opposing windings 25, 26 in the field circuits of the respective machines 1, 2, an interchanging switch 28 providing for the use of either at will as the stand-by machine. Additional voltage regulation of the machines during combined working is effected by two rheostats 33, 34 simultaneously operated by a motor 35 under the control of a voltage relay 11.
Patent GB-579226-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to flexible couplings
IPC: F16D3/58
Filed: 1944-10-10
Abstract: 579,226. Flexible shaft couplings. DUNLOP RUBBER CO., Ltd., and HICKMAN, J. C. Oct. 10, 1944, No. 19434. [Class 80 (ii)] A flexible coupling comprises a ring of segmental metal U-section elements 1, Figs. 1 and 2, secured to the flange 13 of a shaft 15, and interposed elements 3, secured to the elements 1 by strips of rubber 4, bonded to each of the elements, and bolted to the flange 14 of a shaft 16. In a modification the U-section elements may be formed in two parts 1, 2, Fig. 4, connected together so as to compress the rubber strips. In another arrangement, the elements 3 are formed with tongues 11, Fig. 5, which engage with slots 12 formed in the elements 1, so as to limit the relative circumferential movement between the elements. In another arrangement for limiting this relative movement, the elements 3, Fig. 7, are formed with tongues 11 which move in the space between the parts 17 of the elements 1. In a further modification, the shaft flanges are connected by U-section elements 1, Fig. 9, and an interposed metal strip 3, secured to the elements 1 by bonded rubber strips 4.
Patent GB-806251-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of semi-conductor devices
Inventor: MLAVSKY ABRAHAM ISAAC
IPC: H01L21/24
Filed: 1956-06-22
Abstract: 806,251. Semi-conductor devices. GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. Ltd. May 30, 1957 [June 22, 1956, No. 19491/56. Class 37. In a method of alloying a significant impurity containing material to a semi-conductor body, the alloying is initiated by first heating the body and material in contact to a temperature above the eutectic point of the material and semi-conductor material but insufficient to cause alloying, and then passing a pulse of electric current between the material and the body to cause local melting at the contact area. A PN junction rectifier is made by the steps of electroplating an ohmic contact on one face of a wafer of P-type silicon, placing the wafer in a furnace with its other face in contact with the end of a gold wire doped with 1 per cent of antimony and with lead wires touching the gold wire and plated electrode respectively, heating the assembly to 360 ‹ C. while passing dry argon through the furnace, passing a' current pulse between the lead wires to initiate alloying by local melting, raising the temperature to establish a suitable degree of alloy penetration, and finally cooling to room temperature to form a recrystallized N-type region overlain by a gold contact. After etching, washing and drying the device is encapsulated in a hermetically sealed container. In an alternative method, especially useful where two alloy contacts of different materials are to be made to a single semi-conductor body the molten material formed by the current pulse is immediately resolidified and the alloying completed at a later stage by remelting.
Patent GB-1334174-A (GB)
Title: Blast furnace operation
IPC: B65G47/50
Filed: 1971-06-09
Abstract: 1334174 Blast furnace operation NIPPON KOKAN K K and W WENZEL 9 June 1971 [20 June 1970] 19545/71 Heading C7D [Also in Division F4] An auxiliary reducing gas is introduced into the furnace above the melting zone the blowing rates of gas and of blast air each being varied cyclically in opposition so that a substantially constant flow of top gas results, while the feed rates and temperatures may be such that a mixed gas temperature of about 1000‹ C is maintained after mixing of the two streams inthe furnace. The blowing periods are preferably so controlled that during maximum gas injection ore is reduced to sponge down to the level where the reducing and hearth gases meet, the sponge then being melted during the period of maximum air blast; during the latter period the top gas may be used for heating the blast, while during injection of reducing gas the latter may be obtained from the top gas. Alternatively the reducing gas may be obtained from an independent source, such as a fluid or solid fossil fuel, possibly by reacting natural gas or petroleum with an oxygen-containing gas in a regenerator. The temperature and nitrogen content of the air blast may be higher and lower respectively during the period of minimum flow than during maximum. In a particular form of apparatus described, blast air from heater 7 is introduced through tuyeres 4, while reducing gas from heater 18 is introduced at 22 above the melting zone 6. Top gas for heating is drawn off through line 5a and supplied to gas scrubber 11, and heaters 18, 7 while reducing gas is taken off through line 5b and passed, if necessary with supplementary gas from line 16, through scrubber 11 before being reheated and returned to the furnace. To ensure adequate penetration of the air blast into the burden it may be blown at constant velocity independently of flow rate.
Patent GB-1177825-A (GB)
Title: Commutator-Less Direct-Current Motors having Hall Generator Control Systems
IPC: H02P7/28
Filed: 1967-04-27
Abstract: 1,177,825. Electric motors; control of motors. SIEMENS A.G. 27 April, 1967 [28 April, 1966], No. 19565/67. Headings H2A and H2J. Two centre-tapped windings of an electric motor are energized in sequence by a control system to provide a rotating magnetic field for turning the polarized rotor. Hall generators 11, 12 are used to supply control signals to the transistor switches 13, 14; 15, 16 respectively when influenced by the magnetic field of the rotor. As shown, the ends of each stator winding are connected to the collectors of the PNP transistors and the centre taps are connected to the negative supply line. The Hall voltage electrodes are connected to the bases of the transistors and the positive control voltage electrodes of the Hall generators are connected with the emitters of the transistors to the positive supply line. In an alternative embodiment where one winding is supplied through PNP transistors and the other through NPN transistors no supply connection is made to the centre-taps of the windings, Fig. 3 (not shown). The down type stator windings are mounted in quadrature planes on a ring-shaped laminated core structure and the Hall generators are disposed in recesses, spaced apart by 90 degrees, in the core. The rotor may be a diametrically magnetized permanent magnet. . The speed of the motor can be varied by altering the control current of the Hall generators.
Patent GB-787092-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to scroll drums for transferring materials
IPC: B65G33/00
Filed: 1955-07-07
Abstract: 787,092. Screw conveyers. DAWSON BROS., Ltd., DAWSON, D., and DAWSON, G. July 9, 1956 [July 7, 1955], No. 19605/55. Class 78 (1). The conveyer comprises a rotatable drum 1 having two, or more, helices A, B of equal pitch secured to its internal surface, each helix being fed with different materials which are discharged through separate outlets 12, 13. Material is fed into the conveyer by a drum 4 of length equal to the pitch of a helix. A baffle 5 of suitable depth is welded to the inner surface of this drum midway of its length. Apertures 8, 9 are cut in the drum for the passage of materials to the helices.
Patent GB-122402-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Artificial Fuel Composition and Process.
Inventor: DALTON RICHARD FRANCIS
IPC: C10L5/00
Filed: 1918-11-28
Abstract: 122,402. Dalton, R. F. Jan. 12, 1918, [Convention date]. Composition fuel. - A fuel is made by mixing anthracite coal-dust or screenings with a liquid combustible in quantity sufficient to wet the faces of the anthracite dust or screenings without filling the interstices. The liquid combustible should be of low viscosity and have a high boiling-point, and may be one of the waste products, e.g. water-gas tar, obtained in gas manufacture. Ten gallons of the liquid may be mixed with one ton of the anthracite dust or screenings. The fuel is used in a loose condition.