baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent NO-179188-B (NO)
Inventor: JOHANNESSON JOE
IPC: F24D19/00
Filed: 1993-01-26
Abstract: A method for continuously monitoring and reconditioning the liquid flow in heating and cooling systems, wherein the system liquid, for instance water which may possibly contain standard additives, such as alcohol or glycol, is monitored and reconditioned in several mutually sequential steps within an apparatus unit integrated with the system, by taking from the total or main liquid flow a part flow which is returned to the main flow subsequent to reconditioning. The reconditioning process includes the following steps - subsequent to viewing the liquid by means of a viewing glass: magnetic filtration for removing magnetite particles; filtering-off solid particles (fine particles); removing corrosive gases; deaerating the system; measuring pH, oxygen content and conductivity, wherein an optical and/or electrical alarm signal is given in the event of deviations from mutually related liquid control-values inserted in the apparatus, or in the event of disturbances in operation. Apparatus for carrying out the method consists of a system-integrated unit which includes auxiliary devices for carrying out said part-operations successively.
Patent SE-300380-B (SE)
Inventor: JACOBS L
IPC: C04B35/66
Filed: 1963-05-20
Abstract: A refractory composition contains enough correctly sized fatty acid coated particles to give a free flowing mixture.  0.5 to 5% is the preferred amount the particles being Al2O3; SiO2; CaO; MgO; olivine; chrome; or calcined clay.  Alumina, kyanite and kaolin comprise the remainder of the composition, which can be obtained by contacting the coarser particles with an inorganic acid to form a sticky aggregate, adding finer particles to reduce the stickiness, and finally adding the fatty acid coated particles.
Patent SE-323330-B (SE)
Inventor: PERSSON K
IPC: B65D5/06
Filed: 1965-06-02
Abstract: 1,091,280. Carton. SPRINTER-PACK A.B. May 25, 1966 [June 2, 1965], No. 23474/66. Heading B8P. A blank for a rectangular carton comprises sidewalls panels 8, 9 and bottom panel 7 each having end tabs 12, 14 and 13 respectively which form a continuous flap at each end, wherein end tab 13 is divided by two 45-degree fold lines 15, 16 into three triangular panels 17, 18, 19 as shown, wherein the width of end tabs 13 and 14 is half that of the bottom 7, the other end tab 12 being wider. For gluing together the end tabs there is an adhesive stripe 20, 22, 21 along end tabs 12, 13 so located that on erection the common corner of panels 17, 18 and 19 comes in contact with the stripe 22, so that adhesive can fill up the gap, if any, between the free edges of panels 18 and 19 at this point.
Patent YU-45868-B (YU)
Title: Uređaj za stabilizaciju pravolinijskog kretanja i promenu položaja osovine vozila sa prethodno određenim tragom
Inventor: ROBERTO PERLINI
IPC: B62D13/00
Filed: 1982-08-25
Abstract: UREĐAJ ZA STABILIZACIJU PRAVOLINIJSKOG KRETANJA I PROMENU POLOŽAJA OSOVINE VOZILA SA PRETHODNO ODREĐENIM TRAGOM koji sadrži element 10 za kontinualno opterećenje elastičnom energijom i servomehanizam 20, naznačen time, što su šipka (14) elementa (10) za kontinualno opterećenje elastičnom energijom i šipka (22) servomehanizma (20) preko zglobnih spojeva povezane medjusobno i sa točkovima ili osovinom vozila, pri čemu je komandni element (30) povezan vodovima (25,27) sa servomehanizmom (20). Prijava sadrži još 1 patentni zahtev.
Patent YU-46815-B (YU)
Title: Okvir od krutog materijala, pogodan kao graničnik za ivice kućišta horizontalnog zamrzivača
Inventor: PASQUALINI B
IPC: F25D23/08
Filed: 1986-11-21
Abstract: OKVIR OD KRUTOG MATERIJALA, POGODAN KAO GRANIČNIK ZA IVICE KUĆIŠTA HORIZONTALNOG ZAMRZIVAČA, koji ostvaruje dobro zaptivanje sa odgovarajućim poklopcem u njegovom zatvorenom položaju, naznačen time, što su elementi (20) od mekog materijala, koji su izvedeni istovremenim istiskanjem sa ramom (10), elastično savitljivo spregnuti sa poklopcem (15) zamrzivača.
Patent RS-49825-B (RS)
Inventor: APPRILLE JR DOMENIC VINCENT
IPC: B26B21/22
Filed: 1997-04-08
Abstract: Ručica (12) uredjaja za brijanje koja sadrži produženu ručnu držeću strukturu, gde navedena struktura sadrži nosač (42) ketridža (14) koja se pruža od kraja ručne držeće strukture, naznačena time, što sadrži produženi ručni deo (32) dela (30) koji je izveden od plastičnog materijala, gde navedeni produženi ručni deo (32) ima udubljene (34) za prijem metalnog opterećenja (36) i što produženi deo (32) sadrži elastomerni plastični spoljašnji držeći sloj (37) presovan sa neelastomernim plastičnim nosećim slojem (39) ispod kojih ima produžetke (41) upresovane u opterećenje (36).- Prijava sadržijoš 2 nezavisna i 4 zavsna patentna zahteva.
Patent ZA-795658-B (ZA)
Title: Esters of 1.1,2-triphenylalkene derivatives
Inventor: RICHARDSON D
IPC: C07C69/035
Filed: 1979-10-22
Abstract: 1-p-Aminoalkoxy-phenyl-1-p-acyloxyphenyl-2-phenylalk-1-ene derivatives of the formula <CHEM>  wherein R<1>,R<2>,R<3>,R<4>,R<5> and n have the meaning given in the description, e.g. 1-(p- beta -dimethylaminoethoxyphenyl)- trans-1-p-acetoxyphenyl- 2-tolylbut-1-ene, possess anti-oestrogenic activity and are useful in the treatment of anovulatory infertility and of breast tumours. They can be prepared by either the acylation of the correspondent hydroxy compound or the dehydration of the correspondent alkanol.
Patent ZA-801247-B (ZA)
Title: A process for the separation of maleic anhydride
Inventor: SANCHIONI S
IPC: C07D307/60
Filed: 1980-03-04
Abstract: Process for the continuous separation of maleic acid anhydride from process gases from the catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons, e.g., n-butane, in the steam phase. The process gases are treated with a solvent, which is a cycloaliphatic acid ester. Typically, the cycloaliphatic acid ester is a dialkyl ester, having 4 to 8 carbon atoms in each alkyl group, of hexahydrophthalic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, methyltetrahydrophthalic acid or methylhexahydrophthalic acid.
Patent ZA-846393-B (ZA)
Title: Vertical bag filter
Inventor: JASSNIKER KURT
IPC: B01D46/48
Filed: 1984-08-16
Abstract: 1. A vertical filter having cleaning means which are directed towards its inner chamber and which are adapted for the removal by blowing of impurities deposited on the filter member, such impurities then being removed from the inner chamber, the cleaning means having a pressure chamber which extends at least substantially over the whole height of the filter member and which is formed with a slot-like air outlet directed towards the filter member, the same being connected to rotating means which rotate the filter member around its axis past the air outlet of the pressure chamber, characterised in that the filter is a bag filter (5) having an unsupported stretched out filter bag (20), and the air outlet (35) of the pressure chamber (30) is sealed off from the environment by means of two resilient strip seals (37) bearing on the filter bag (20), the seals (37) covering a zone (T) of a predetermined minimum width on the periphery of the filter bag (20).
Patent ZA-871911-B (ZA)
Title: New pharmaceutical preparations with extended release
Inventor: FALK KARL-ERIK LENNART
IPC: A61K47/14
Filed: 1987-03-16
Abstract: An extended release preparation of an active compound with very low solubility containing the active compound dissolved or dispersed in a semi-solid or liquid non ionic solubilizer and whereby the amount by weight of the solubilizer is at least equal to the amount by weight of the active compound as well as a process for the preparation thereof.
Patent ZA-886742-B (ZA)
Title: Macrolide compounds
Inventor: BELL RICHARD
IPC: A61K31/70
Filed: 1988-09-09
Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) <CHEM> and salts thereof, wherein R is a C1-4 alkyl group, R<1> is a methyl, ethyl or isopropyl group; and OR<2> is a hydroxyl or substituted hydroxyl group having up to 25 carbon atoms. These compounds may be used for controlling insect, acarine, nematode or other pests.
Patent ZA-896413-B (ZA)
Title: Wiping cloth
Inventor: JUELMONT JEAN
IPC: D06M13/256
Filed: 1989-08-22
Abstract: A non-woven, fabric-like multifunctional cloth for household cleaning with high absorption capacity, minimum tearing resistance and a unique scrubbing and wiping efficacy. This cloth comprises a homogeneous mixture of wood pulp fibers and polypropylene microfibers impregnated with an all purpose cleaner.
Patent ZA-902288-B (ZA)
Title: A storage process for vegetable embryos
Inventor: FLORIN BRUNO
IPC: A01H4/00
Filed: 1990-03-23
Abstract: In order to ensure the preservation of plant embryos for long periods, the embryos are pretreated in a medium containing an osmotic pressure agent before they are deep-frozen at a temperature of -15/-40 DEG C.
Patent ZA-911158-B (ZA)
Title: Diterpenes having immunomodulatory action
Inventor: RADUNZ HANS-ECKART
IPC: C07C35/23
Filed: 1991-02-15
Abstract: The use of diterpenes of formula (I) as pharmaceutical agents is new. In (I), R1 = CH2-C(CH3) = CHR3 or CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-R3. R3 = CH2OH, CHO, COOH or COOR4. R4 = 1-5C alkyl. A = CH-CH3 or C = CH2. R2 = H, pentose or hexose sugar, di-or oligosaccharide or an amino sugar. (I) are new as long as R1 is not -CH2-C(CH3) = CHCH2OH or -CH2-C(CH3) = CHCHO when A is C = CH2 and R2 is galactose. The use of a glycosylated derivative of (I) is specifically claimed.
Patent ZA-918154-B (ZA)
Title: Stabilization of chlorofluorocarbon compositions
Inventor: SLUGA ROBERT M
IPC: C11D7/50
Filed: 1991-10-14
Abstract: A method of stabilizing chlorofluorocarbon compositions thereby is provided. The stabilized composition comprises a chlorofluorocarbon and a sufficient amount of an epoxidized, generally high molecular weight stabilizer having an oxirane content sufficient to effectively stabilize the chlorofluorocarbon. The stabilizer is preferably an epoxidized oil having a molecular weight in the range of about 300 to about 1,500 and an oxirane content of at least about 4%. The method includes the step of adding a sufficient amount of such a stabilizer to the chloroflurocarbon composition. The chlorofluorocarbon composition typically comprises chlorofluoromethane, chlorofluoroethane, mixtures thereof or a chlorofluorocarbon-alcohol azeotropic solution. Also provided is an improved continuous dialyzer cleaning method utilizing the stabilized chlorofluorocarbon composition.
Patent ZA-924760-B (ZA)
Title: Bicyclic fibrinogen antagonists
Inventor: BONDINELL WILLIAM EDWARD
IPC: C07D243/14
Filed: 1992-06-26
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/US92/05463 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 26, 1992 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 26, 1992 PCT Filed Jun. 26, 1992 PCT Pub. No. WO93/00095 PCT Pub. Date Jan. 7, 1993This invention relates to compounds of the formula:   <IMAGE>   wherein A1 to A5 form an accessible substituted seven-membered ring, which may be saturated or unsaturated, optionally containing up to two heteroatoms chosen from the group of O, S and N wherein S and N may be optionally oxidized; D1 to D4 form an accessible substituted six membered ring, optionally containing up to two nitrogen atoms; R is at least one substituent chosen from the group of R7, or Q-C1-4alkyl, Q-C2-4alkenyl, Q-C2-4alkynyl, preferably substituted by an acidic function; R* is H, Q-C1-6alkyl, Q-C1-6oxoalkyl, Q-C2-6alkenyl or Q-C2-4alkynyl, C3-6cycloalkyl, Ar or Het, optionally substituted by one or more substitutents; and R6 is preferably a substituent containing a basic nitrogen moiety; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which are effective for inhibiting platelet aggregation, pharmaceutical compositions for effecting such activity, and a method for inhibiting platelet aggregation.
Patent ZA-939583-B (ZA)
Title: Therapeutic combination
Inventor: PRIETO VALTUENA JESUS
IPC: A61P31/12
Filed: 1993-12-21
Abstract: The present invention relates to a therapeutic combination therapy involving the use of human interferon. The therapy involves the treatment of conditions susceptible to treatment with human interferon, with a combination of a human interferon and a free radical scavenger or precursor or inducer.
Patent ZA-939806-B (ZA)
Title: O-aryl ethers of morphinans
Inventor: MOHACSI ERNO
IPC: C07D405/12
Filed: 1993-12-30
Abstract: The use of a compound of the formula: <CHEM>  wherein R<2> is aryl, heteroaryl or a group of the formula R<2><0> <CHEM> and R<1> is hydrogen, alkyl, a group of the formula -C(Y,Y<1>)CH2OH or -CH2W, wherein one of Y and Y<1> is hydrogen and the other is alkyl or both Y and Y<1> are alkyl and W is cycloalkyl, aryl or allyl and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for reducing adverse effects of toxic injury to central neurons, particularly wherein the injury to central neurons is associated with ischemia, hypoxia, hypoglycemia, epilepsy, Huntington's disease or Alzheimer's disease, or for treating convulsions. The novel compounds of formula I wherein R<2> is substituted or unsubstitued pyridyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, phenyl, or a group of the formula R<2><0> and R<1> is hydrogen, alkyl, or a group of the formula -C(Y, Y<1>)CH2OH, wherein one of Y and Y<1> is hydrogen and the other is alkyl or both Y and Y<1> are alkyl, provided that when R<2> is pyridyl or phenyl, R<1> is other than alkyl, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
Patent ZA-962127-B (ZA)
Title: Electricity measurement apparatus.
Inventor: TRONTELJ JANEZ
IPC: G01R21/08
Filed: 1996-03-15
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/GB96/00539 Sec. 371 Date Sep. 16, 1997 Sec. 102(e) Date Sep. 16, 1997 PCT Filed Mar. 8, 1996 PCT Pub. No. WO96/28739 PCT Pub. Date Sep. 19, 1996An electricity meter includes a sensor supplied with a rectified A.C. supply signal, the sensor detecting the strength of magnetic field induced by current flow along a conductor and providing an output signal following a sine-squared relation with alternating positive and negative sign in each half cycle, the output signal being filtered to remove a component due to D.C. offset error.
Patent ZA-966913-B (ZA)
Title: Strip casting machine
Inventor: HOLMBERG ANDERS
IPC: B22D11/119
Filed: 1996-08-15
Abstract: Thin metal strips, for example wide carbon steel strips, are cast in a single belt machine. The width of the molten metal on the belt is defined by side dams (12, 13) on the belt (11). The side dams have inwardly directed surfaces against the molten metal which makes the surface of the molten metal even also at its edges.
Patent ZA-997707-B (ZA)
Title: 1,2-dithiolane compounds, a process for their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing them.
Inventor: GOLDSTEIN SOLO
IPC: A61K31/5377
Filed: 1999-12-15
Abstract: 1,2-dithiolane derivatives (I) are new. 1,2-dithiolane derivatives of formula (I) and their acid or base addition salts are new. Ra = 1-8C alkylene; Rb = bond or 1-6C alkylene; Z = -O-C(S)-N(R1)- or -C(S)-N(R1)- (N being attached to Rb); R1 = H, 1-6C alkyl, aryl or 1-6C aralkyl; T = a group of formula (i); R2, R3 = H, 1-6C alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, aryl, 1-6C aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterarylalkyl, 1-6C aminoalkyl (amino being optionally substituted with 1 or 2 1-6C alkyl, aryl or 1-6C aralkyl). Independent claims are also included for: (1) the preparation of (I); and (2) pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one (I).
Patent GB-2366287-B (GB)
Title: Liquid container closure assembly
Inventor: THOMSON DAVID WILLIAM
IPC: B65D49/04
Filed: 2000-08-31
Granted: 2003-04-23
Abstract: The invention relates to a non-refillable tamper evident liquid container closure assembly which is applied to a mouth and neck portion of a container for liquid. The closure assembly provides a sleeve which is adapted to lie around the mouth and provided with three projection means projecting inwardly of the sleeve, the projection means are movable radially of the sleeve in a stiffly resilient manner and are engageable with an outer lip portion of the bottle neck. The assembly also includes a valve seat body which is receivable within the neck portion of the bottle, and is surrounded by the sleeve.
Patent GB-2074859-B (GB)
Title: Opaque dental creams
IPC: A61K8/29
Filed: 1980-04-25
Granted: 1984-10-17
Abstract: An opaque dental cream is disclosed comprising an opacifying agent e.g. TiO2 a binary fluorine system e.g. NaF/Na2PO3F and a synthetic silica polishing agent such as aluminosilicates. The creams may also contain dicalcium phosphate and/or pearlescent flakes.
Patent GB-2051831-B (GB)
Title: Fluorinated copolymers and cation exchange membrane and process for producing the same
IPC: C07C317/04
Filed: 1980-05-30
Granted: 1983-06-08
Abstract: There is presented a novel fluorinated cation exchange membrane containing carboxylic acid groups and sulfonic acid groups, both in the form of a specific pendant structure, the carboxylic acid groups being at least 20% on one surface of the membrane and gradually decreasing toward the innerside of the membrane, which membrane is useful in electrolysis of an aqueous alkali metal halide solution. The membrane can be prepared from a novel copolymer of a fluorinated olefin with a novel sulfur containing fluorinated vinylether of the formula:   <IMAGE> wherein k is 0 or 1, l is an integer of 3 to 5, Z is -S- or -SO2- and R is C1-C10 alkyl, an aryl, Cl or C1-C10 perfluoroalkyl, by treatment of a membrane of the polymer with a selected reducing agent.
Patent GB-2075725-B (GB)
Title: Electronic timepiece movement
IPC: G04G99/00
Filed: 1981-04-08
Granted: 1984-01-18
Abstract: An electronic timepiece movement includes a control stem slidably guided in a radial passage of a base plate. Pulling on this control stem brings a return spring acting on the stem into contact with a stud which is carried by the substrate of an electronic circuit module of the movement. This connects a conductive lead to ground, which controls an operation function of the timepiece. The pull-out control stem and associated return spring can be replaced by a push-in member and by a return coil spring located in said passage. The stud is then positioned in a hole of the substrate of the electronic circuit, which hole is situated opposite to the longitudinal axis of the passage. Pressure exerted on this push-in member places a portion thereof into electrical contact with the stud and this connects the lead to ground, as before. Thus, the movement can according to choice be completed for operation either by a push-in control movement or by a pull-out control stem movement.
Patent GB-2119373-B (GB)
Title: Production of ethylene glycol monoaryl ethers
Inventor: HARRIS EUGENE G
IPC: C07C41/02
Filed: 1983-04-11
Granted: 1985-11-27
Abstract: Ethylene glycol monoaryl ethers useful as fragrance chemicals are obtained by the process of this invention whereby a phenol containing an alkali metal borohydride and alkali metal hydroxide is monoethoxylated. Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether having a consistent mild rose odor profile and free of undesirable metallic notes is obtained by the present process.
Patent GB-2149153-B (GB)
Title: Electronic timeswitch
Inventor: FAERESTRAND WILLIAM A
IPC: G04G15/00
Filed: 1983-11-04
Granted: 1986-11-12
Abstract: The timeswitch comprises a switch actuated in accordance with a pre-set switching program, by microprocessor controlled circuitry, and a display 10 comprising an analogue time display portion 10a. The analogue portion 10a comprises inner and outer concentric circles of actuable indicia 12, 14. In the running mode of the timeswitch, in one configuration, the indicia 14 of the inner circle are sequentially actuated to represent the hour hand of an analogue clock displaying the actual time. The outer indicia 12 are actuated in groups to represent the switching program <<on>> times. In the programming mode, the time indicated by the inner indicia 14 may be manually selected, whereafter the state of the switch at that time may be selected. The outer indicia 12 are actuated in sets to represent the switching program being entered. Other configurations of the timeswitch are possible according to the microprocessor software, and some examples are described.
Patent GB-2180392-B (GB)
Title: Fibre-optic lasers and amplifiers
Inventor: MEARS ROBERT JOSEPH
IPC: H04B10/43
Filed: 1986-08-13
Granted: 1989-10-11
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/GB86/00484 Sec. 371 Date Apr. 9, 1987 Sec. 102(e) Date Apr. 9, 1987 PCT Filed Aug. 13, 1986 PCT Pub. No. WO87/01110 PCT Pub. Date Feb. 26, 1987.A method of making a preform for drawing optical fibers includes the steps of depositing a dopant material 3 in a dopant carrier chamber 1, heating the dopant material to cause it to vaporise at a predetermined rate, depositing from a mixture of a source material (GeCl4, SiO4, O2) and said vaporised dopant a mixture of solid components 8 and fusing said solid components to form a doped glass.
Patent GB-2230405-B (GB)
Title: Portable radio telephone power supply
Inventor: O'NEILL SIMON PHILIP
IPC: H02J9/06
Filed: 1989-04-07
Granted: 1993-06-30
Abstract: An electrical power supply for a hand portable cellular radio telephone having receiver and transmitter stages (3,4) operable at different voltage levels comprises a stack of series-connected rechargeable voltaic coils 5a-5f. In call mode both the receiver 3 and transmitter 4 are powered by the full cell stack developing maximum voltage, e.g. 7.2V. In stand-by the transmitter 4 is disabled by a switch S3 and the receiver 3 is powered by half, a group of, preferably the cells 5a-5c or 5d-5f providing only a portion of, preferably half, the full voltage e.g. 3.6V. Power consumption is thus reduced, e.g. by 10 - 15 mA, in stand-by mode thus increasing battery life. Switches S1 and S2 are operated in tandem in the stand-by mode to connect alternately the first half of the cell stack 5a-5c and then the second half of the cell stack 5d-5f on a periodic basis. <IMAGE>
Patent GB-2218851-B (GB)
Title: Electromagnetic actuator with angular displacement sensor
Inventor: SCARLETT JEREMY ADAM
IPC: H02K33/02
Filed: 1989-05-04
Granted: 1993-01-27
Abstract: An electromagnetic actuator has a tubular stator with at least two opposed, external pole pieces carrying energising windings, and a permanent magnet rotor inside the stator and rotatable about the major axis of the stator, the rotor having at least two oppositely-directed permanent magnets extending axially of the rotor and in closely spaced relation to the stator, said magnet each occupying less than 180<o> of the circumference of the rotor, the leading and/or trailing edge of each magnet being tapered and/or chamfered.
Patent GB-2239231-B (GB)
Title: Method and machine for integrated label making and product thereof
Inventor: KOBAYASHI JUNICHI
IPC: B31D1/02
Filed: 1989-11-25
Granted: 1994-08-24
Abstract: A method of making labels for application to a product comprises assembling a backing web and a label web. The backing web is passed through a release material application station and a curing station for the release material, prior to assembly with the label web, and in the same machine. This enables pre-printing of the backing web so that portions of it can be used to display information or other matter instead of being wasted. Also, by treating both sides of the backing web, a label web can be applied to both sides of it, thereby enhancing economy of costs and materials.
Patent GB-2241243-B (GB)
Title: Rgd-containing oligopeptides for use in thrombus and tumour detection
Inventor: STUTTLE ALAN WILLIAM JOHN
IPC: C07K7/06
Filed: 1991-02-19
Granted: 1993-01-27
Abstract: Radioactively labeled peptides comprising oligopeptides of from 3 to 10 peptide units and containing the sequence RGD and particularly the oligopeptides RGDSY and RGDFY, are disclosed as in vivo thrombus, tumor or CAM markers for the in vivo diagnosis and detection of thrombi, tumors or CAM in mammals.
Patent GB-2241668-B (GB)
Title: Security device
Inventor: SHENTON COLIN
IPC: B42D15/00
Filed: 1991-03-01
Granted: 1992-09-02
Abstract: A substrate, such as a banknote or traveller's cheque, carries a security device comprising in association at least one embossed transitory image (1), such as a latent or transient image and an embossed linear area (4). The arrangement is such that when the embossed region of the substrate is viewed from different angles the or each image and the linear area can be visually discerned.