Patent GB-595043-A (GB)
Title: Compositions comprising acrylonitrile polymers and copolymers and shaped articles produced therefrom
IPC: D01F6/18
Filed: 1945-11-02
Abstract: Compositions suitable for making yarns, films and shaped articles comprise a solution of polyacrylonitrile or of a copolymer in which at least 85 per cent by weight is acrylonitrile, in a solvent comprising a compound from a specified class of N.N-dimethyl carbamyl compounds.  The compositions are clear mobile solutions at elevated temperatures, e.g. 100 DEG  C., and may gel at room temperature.  The preferred compounds are N.N.N1.N1-tetramethyl succinamide and N.N.N1.N1 - tetramethyl oxamide, but others specified are substituted with halogen, oxygen, bivalent sulphur, hydroxyl, thiol, cyano, thiocyano and/or sulphoxy groups, e.g. thiobis-(N.N-dimethyl)-acetamide, bis-(N.N-dimethyl carbamylmethyl) ether, hexamethyl-1.2.4-butanetricarboxamide, N.N.N1.N1 - tetramethyl chlorofumaramide, N.N.N1.N1-tetramethyl a -hydroxy glutaramide, N.N.N1.N1-tetramethyl itaconamide and hexamethyl b -cyano-tricarballylamide.  Specified compounds with which the acrylonitrile may be copolymerized are vinyl acetate and chloride, acrylic acid and its esters and homologues, styrene, isobutylene and butadiene (see Group VIII).  Optionally, the compositions may contain other plasticisers (non-solvents for the polymer), e.g. glycerol, solvents for the polymer of lower b.p., e.g. dimethyl formamide and dyes, linear polyamides, cellulose ethers and esters, polyvinyl chloride and acetate and polyacrylic acid.  The solutions may be shaped to form filaments, yarns, films, tubes and other articles, e.g. by moulding, casting or extrusion into an evaporative atmosphere or a bath of coagulant miscible with the solvent, but an inert non-solvent for the polymer, e.g. water, aqueous salt solutions, alcohol and glycerol.  The properties of the products can be improved by subjecting them to a stretching operation.  The compositions are also suited for use as adhesives for attaching films of polyacrylonitrile together and particularly for making laminated structures from polyacrylonitrile films.  The dry and wet spinning of yarn and the casting of films from the compositions is described. The yarn is drawn by the method of Specification 585,368 and is suitable for clothing, e.g. hosiery and flat and pile fabrics, e.g. velvets, plushes, upholstery, carpeting.  The yarns are useful for the manufacture of acid-proof filter cloths, protective clothing and liners and separators for storage batteries.  The solutions are also suited for use as lacquers and coating compositions, e.g. as coatings for wires. Specifications 404,504, 579,887 and 594,999 and U.S.A. Specifications 2,117,210, 2,140,921 and 2,167,537 also are referred to.ALSO:Compositions suitable for making yarns, films and shaped articles comprise a solution of polyacrylonitrile or of a copolymer in which at least 85 per cent. by weight is acrylonitrile, in a solvent comprising a compound from a specified class of N.N -dimethyl carbamyl compounds [see Group IV].  The compositions are clear mobile solutions at elevated temperatures, e.g., 100 DEG C., and may gel at room temperature.  The preferred compounds are N.N.N1.N1 -tetramethyl succinamide and N N, N1 N1 -tetramethyl oxamide but others specified are substituted with halogen, oxygen, bivalent sulphur, hydroxyl, thiol, cyano, thiocyano and/or sulphoxy groups, e.g., thiobis (N.N-dimethyl) acetamide, bis (N.N.-dimethyl carbamylmethyl) ether, hexamethyl 1.2.4, butanetricarboxamide, N.N.N1.N1-tetramethyl chlorofumaramide, N.N N1N1 - tetramethyl a -hydroxy glutaramide, N.N.N1N1 - tetramethyl itaconamide and hexamethyl b -cyano-tricarballylamide.  The acrylontrile may be copolymerised with butadiene.  Optionally, the compositions may contain other plasticisers (non-solvents for the polymer), e.g., glycerol, solvents for the polymer of lower b.p., e.g., dimethyl formamide, and dyes, linear polyamides, cellulose ethers and esters, polyvinyl chloride and acetate and polyacrylic acid.  The solutions may be shaped to form filaments, yarns, films, tubes, and other articles, e.g., by moulding, casting or extrusion into an evaporative atmosphere or a bath of coagulant miscible with the solvent but an inert non-solvent for the polymer, e.g., water, aqueous salt solutions, alcohol and glycerol.  The properties of the products can be improved by subjecting them to a stretching operation.  The compositions are also suited for use as adhesives for attaching films of polyacrylonitrile together and particularly for making laminated structures from polyacrylonitrile films.  The dry and wet spinning of yarn and the casting of films from the compositions is described.  The yarn is drawn by the method claimed in Specification 585,368, [Group IV], and is suitable for clothing, e.g., hosiery and flat and pile fabrics, e.g., velvets, plushes, upholstery, carpeting.  The yarns are useful for the manufacture of acid proof filter cloths, protective clothing and liners and separators for storage batteries.  The solutions are also suited for use as lacquers and coating compositions, e.g., as coatings for wires. Specifications 404,504, 579,887 and 594,999, [all in Group IV], and U.S.A. Specifications 2,117,210, 2,140,921 and 2,167,537 also are referred to.