baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent JP-2001189862-A (JP)
Title: Image processing method and image processing device
Inventor: IGUCHI RYOSUKE
IPC: H04N1/60
Filed: 1999-12-28
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an image processing method capable of deciding the lightness of an image based on more detailed parameter of the lightness of the image, obtaining the degree of optimum correction to the image and especially increasing its density while maintaining the gradation of a high density part in a printed image. SOLUTION: In a histogram with respect to number of pixels as to each luminance of a luminance signal denoting the lightness of an image obtained from image data, the ratio (Slow) of the cumulative frequency of a prescribed low luminance area (0-X) to the entire pixel number is obtained, and in the case correcting the luminance by a gradation curve (γ=0.8) to darkly correct the luminance signal is used to correct the luminance, and when the ratio is higher than a prescribed value (Slow=20), the gradation curve is revised so as not to conduct correction (Σ=1) for the maintenance of the gradation for the luminance correction for the prescribed low luminance area.
Patent JP-2001163092-A (JP)
Title: Child seat cover with leg sheet
Inventor: SHIMIZU NAOKO
IPC: B60N2/28
Filed: 1999-12-06
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a child seat cover efficiently retaining body heat of an infant sitting in a child seat, improving storage ability of articles such as cloth retaining the body heat of the infant, and hardly slipping and dropping even when the infant moves in the child seat. SOLUTION: A cloth 2 used as a leg sheet is sutured in a pocket shape on a bottom edge part of a child seat cover body 1 having a slit and a hole from a center of the bottom edge part toward a center part and in a shape adapted to the shape of the child seat.
Patent JP-H04214611-A (JP)
Title: Manufacture of semiconductor device
Inventor: ARAI CHIHIRO
IPC: H01L21/8249
Filed: 1990-12-13
Abstract: PURPOSE:To enable the automatic adjustment in the case that the pattern distortion accompanying the epitaxial growth in the epitaxial layer on a substrate. CONSTITUTION:In the alignment mark bed structure 10 made in a substrate 1, the intervals between the steps 10Bb and 109Ca, and 10Cb and 10Da adjacent to each other are set in advance to about two times or thereabout as much as the quantity  x of slippage arising after formation of an epitaxial layer. Next, an epitaxial layer is grown on the substrate 1, and the substantial signal generator in the alignment mark 12, where the said alignment mark bed structure 10 is transcribed on the epitaxial layer, is made to be as many as the specified number being used for the automatic detection set on the side of a projection alignr.
Patent JP-H04127170-A (JP)
Title: Ghost potential lowering device
Inventor: ROORIN KEI HANSEN
IPC: H04N1/29
Filed: 1990-12-14
Abstract: PURPOSE: To remove a ghost image by finding out stripe bias potential necessary for removing ghost potential on a developing station based upon a specific plotter size working parameter, impressing the found potential to a stripe near to a recording head and setting up potential reacting to ghost potential. CONSTITUTION: A counting circuit 52 is connected to a driving circuit 36 and judges a series of writing pulses to be transmitted to a recording head as a specific data set and a look-up table 54 supplies a signal expressing total charge stuck by the recording head correspondingly to a series of writing pulses, i.e., the specific data set. A digital/analog converter 56 outputs bias voltage related to the whole stuck charge correspondingly to a counting signal and a contact arm 60 induces equivalent potential corresponding to bias voltage for reducing ghost potential between a film medium and a developing station. Reaction potential reacts to the ghost potential by a fountain. Consequently a ghost image can be simply removed at the time of using a plotter for recording an image on a film.
Patent JP-H04216565-A (JP)
Title: Electrophotographic recorder
Inventor: OKANO YOSHIAKI
IPC: G03G15/16
Filed: 1990-12-17
Abstract: PURPOSE:To reduce the cost of a recorder, to miniaturize the recorder and to make the power consumption thereof low by performing image recording in an electrophotographic process without providing a destaticizing device. CONSTITUTION:A transfer roller 6 is provided to be opposed to a photosensitive drum 1. A power source 62 which generates the specified potential V1 of a reverse polarity to the electrostatically charged polarity of the drum 1 or ground is alternatively connected to the transfer roller 6 through a switch 61. At the time of stopping a recording action, the transfer roller 6 is connected to the ground as soon as the trailing edge of a recording paper 9 passes a transfer position D. Thereafter, a switch 32 and a switch 54 are turned off when a specified point on the photosensitive body positioned at the transfer position D arrives at an electrostatic charging position A and at a developing position C, respectively, and the switch 61 is opened when the specified point on the photosensitive body positioned at the transfer position D goes round and reaches the transfer position D again.
Patent JP-H04221860-A (JP)
Title: Photovoltaic power device
Inventor: KAMITSUMA SHINICHI
IPC: H01L31/04
Filed: 1990-12-21
Abstract: PURPOSE:To suppress generation of cracks of a transparent electrode layer due to the difference of thermal expansion coefficients of a first resin layer and an electrode layer in a photovoltaic power device. CONSTITUTION:A flexible third resin layer 7 is so provided between a transparent electrode layer 3 and a thin film semiconductor layer 4 as not to kinder the electric coupling of them in a photovoltaic power device in which a light transmission, insulating and flexible first resin layer 1, a photoelectric converter 2 having the layer 3, the layer 4 and a back surface electrode layer 5, and an insulating and flexible second resin layer 6 are sequentially laminated in this order.
Patent JP-H04224670-A (JP)
Title: Corrosion resisting metallic material
Inventor: ISHIZUKA HIROSHI
IPC: C23C14/16
Filed: 1990-12-25
Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide a corrosion resisting metallic material showing high corrosion resistance and having long service life even under severe corrosive conditions. CONSTITUTION:Metallic elements consisting of >= at least one or more elements among aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), tungsten (W), tantalum (Ta), and titanium (Ti) are implanted into the surface of a metallic material by an ion implantation method, by which an implantation layer is formed at the surface. The thickness of the implantation layer of the metallic elements is regulated to >=100[Angstrom ]. A thin film layer composed of the elements identical with the metallic elements is formed on the surface of the metallic material in which the metallic elements are implanted.
Patent JP-H04223673-A (JP)
Title: Transmitting device
Inventor: SHIMAMURA YASUTO
IPC: H04N19/33
Filed: 1990-12-25
Abstract: PURPOSE:To attain transmitting the encoded data of respective bit rates or grouped encoded data using simultaneously the plural B channels of a connecting ISDN by sampling/encoding picture data form low resolution to high resolution in order by a hierarchical encoding system. CONSTITUTION:Hierarchical encoding processing is given to transmission picture data by an encoding/decoding part 8. The encoded data are transmitted, repeating the subsampling of an original picture, for each data of the respective bit rates of the least significant bit rate encoded data, the more significant bit rate encoded data and the much more significant or the most significant bit rate encoded data wherein the difference between a picture into which they are decoded and the original picture is encoded, in order from the data whose bit rate is lower to the data whose bit rate is higher, by using the plural B channels of a connecting ISDN simultaneously.
Patent JP-H04213449-A (JP)
Title: Silver halide photographic sensitive material
Inventor: GOTO TAKAHIRO
IPC: G03C1/09
Filed: 1990-12-07
Abstract: PURPOSE:To prevent the lowering of max. blackening density at the time of under-exposure by incorporating a larger amt. of a complex contg. a nitrosyl or thionitrosyl ligand and a transition metal atom into the shells of silver halide particles. CONSTITUTION:A complex contg. a nitrosyl or thionitrosyl ligand and a transition metal selected among groups V-VIII elements of the periodic table is incorporated into a silver halide emulsion layer by at least 1X10<-6>mol per 1 mol silver so that the complex content of the shells of the silver halide particles is made higher than that of the cores. Much impurity (heavy metal) is incorporated into the silver halide crystals, especially the shells and a silver halide photographic sensitive material handleable under daylight, hardly lowering density at the time of under-exposure and having superior reversal performance is obtd.
Patent JP-H04278936-A (JP)
Title: Recorder
Inventor: MIYAMOTO SHIGENOBU
IPC: B41J2/475
Filed: 1990-12-28
Abstract: PURPOSE:To realize a recorder in which a color recording system by a microcapsule used as a color copying technique is noticed, whose consititution is comparatively simple and which can execute multicolor recording. CONSTITUTION:A carriage 13 on which an exposure means which exposes a color recording system photosensitive film by the microcapsule and a pressurizing and developing means 4 which presses the developing paper and the photosensitive film to a platen are loaded is movably arranged in a direction intersecting orthogonally with the feeding direction of the developing paper and the photosensitive film. Then, the size of a measurement signal is recorded by controlling an exposure position with the exposure means based on the size of the measurement signal, pressuring the exposure position by the pressurizing and developing means 4 and developing the color of the developing paper.
Patent JP-H04216828-A (JP)
Title: Treatment of polyarylene sulfide resin
Inventor: MUNETO TOSHIHIKO
IPC: C08J3/00
Filed: 1990-12-19
Abstract: PURPOSE:To make a polyarylene sulfide resin less corrosive to metal by adding a specified amount of a zinc carbonate to the resin and heating the mixture in a good solvent for the resin. CONSTITUTION:A mixture is obtained by mixing a polyarylene sulfide resin of a melt viscosity [measured with a Koka-type flow tester (die phi=0.5mm. L=2mm). 300 deg.C, load of 10kg] of 50-50000P with 0.01-10wt.% zinc carbonate such as basic zinc carbonate or zinc carbonate hydroxide and optionally 0.006-23.6wt.% alkaline earth metal chloride (e.g. anhydrous barium dichloride). 7-50wt.% this mixture is heated at 80-300 deg.C for 10min to 10hr in a good solvent for the resin (e.g. n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone).
Patent JP-H0418653-A (JP)
Title: Computer-monitoring-system of additional device
Inventor: DOUEIN TOOMASU KURANPU
IPC: G06F9/445
Filed: 1990-12-20
Abstract: PURPOSE: To efficiently operate a computer by storing one bit concerning an added corresponding device, storing its previous state and using permanent storage, concretely, a memory backed up by a battery. CONSTITUTION: All the options, for which the installation is recognized, are defined and that information is stored in a memory 9 as one '1' or '0' at the position of one bit corresponding to each option. This stored information is compared with the former list of options for which the installation is confirmed. Then, the permanent storage, concretely, the memory backed up by the battery can be used. Thus, the computer can be efficiently used.
Patent JP-H04112199-A (JP)
Title: Cargo lifting device
Inventor: JIYOOJI RICHIYAADO PAIPUSU
IPC: B66F9/07
Filed: 1990-12-20
Abstract: PURPOSE: To operate a safety brake by holding a dog in a cut-off condition by a solenoid engageable during normal machine operation and connecting a clutch when a lift device is deenergized to pull the dog away. CONSTITUTION: A sprocket 46 rotates together with a centrifugal force action weight due to the vertical movement of a brake assembly 32 attached to a cargo carriage on a chain. Since a solenoid 118 is at an elongation position at all times when it is deenergized, a clutch disc leaves a sprocket 72. Consequently, when a carriage lowers at a high speed, a housing turns against a force of a spring 50 so that a dog 54 rotates in the counterclockwise direction and an end part with free tooth of the dog 54 is engaged with a rail 25. Furthermore, it is effectively meshed due to the relative travel so that the cargo carriage does not move any more.
Patent JP-H04234102-A (JP)
Title: Thin film varistor
Inventor: WATANABE HISASHI
IPC: H01C7/10
Filed: 1990-12-28
Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide a thin film varistor which is easily miniaturized and exhibits a nonlinear voltage-current characteristic and whose maximum current is larger than a few mA. CONSTITUTION:An Si film 2 is formed on a substrate 1, and a film 3 of ZnO or SrTiO3 is formed thereon for the formation of a thin film varistor. Alternatively both a ZnO film 3 and an SrTiO3 film 3 are formed on the Si film 2 to constitute a thin film varistor.
Patent JP-H04249826-A (JP)
Title: Electromagnetic switch for starter
Inventor: SUGIYAMA TAKESHI
IPC: H01H51/06
Filed: 1990-12-28
Abstract: PURPOSE:To reduce a manufacturing cost of a case by making a plunger cover of only the rubber-type elastic material, and forming thickness of a flange thin, and forming an axial height of a collar of a front end of the case, in which the flange is fitted, low. CONSTITUTION:A collar 30a having a low axial height is provided in a front end of a case 30 forming a yoke. An inner edge 31a of a plunger cover 31 made of the rubber-type elastic material such as rubber is fitted in the periphery of a sleeve bearing 7, and a flange 31b is fitted in the collar 30a of the case 30 to touch the front end surface. A projection 31c of the inside end of the plunger cover 31 is inserted to an insertion hole 30b of the case 30. An electromagnet switch, in which the plunger cover 31 is fitted, is fitted to a front bracket 22 with a fitting bolt 23 to push the flange 31b of the plunger cover 31 and seal it. A plunger cover 31 is thereby manufactured at a low cost to reduce a manufacturing cost of a case.
Patent JP-H04209602-A (JP)
Title: Anionic polymerization catalyst composition
Inventor: ADORIAAN ARUBERUTO FUAN DERU F
IPC: C08F4/44
Filed: 1990-12-19
Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain an anionic polymn. catalyst compsn. suitable for the synthesis of a conjugated diene polymer having a high 1,4-trans-dienyl content, by combining an organolithium compd., alcoholate or thiolate of a specified alkaline earth element and a trialkyl aluminum compd.  
     CONSTITUTION: The anionic polymn. catalyst compsn. contains an organolithium compd. (a) alcoholate or thiolate (b) and a trialkyl aluminum compd. having at least 13 carbon atoms per one molecule (C). In order to prepare a 1,3-butadiene polymer having high catalytic activity and a high 1,4-trans-butadienyl content, in the catalyst compsn., a mol ratio of barium, strontium or calcium metal/ aluminum metal is adjusted to about 1:2 to 1:6 and a mol ratio of lithium metal/ aluminum metal is adjusted to about 0.8:1 to 1.2:1. 
     COPYRIGHT: (C)1992,JPO
Patent JP-H04224754-A (JP)
Title: Massaging apparatus
Inventor: KONO YUSAKU
IPC: A61H39/04
Filed: 1990-12-25
Abstract: PURPOSE:To enable the pressing of a vital point comfortably by allowing vertical and horizontal movement of a protrusion being fitted into a meridian point during a lever operation. CONSTITUTION:Positions of protrusions 1 and 2 are made adjustable and the protrusions 1 and 2 remain unchanged in protruding positions thereof even when separated from a human body so that the protrusions are kept from shifting from a meridian point in an operation of repetition. Upper and lower plates 3' are formed near the protrusion 1 of a lever 3 and springs 11 and 12 and a plurality of spacers 13 are mounted internally between the two plates. The protrusion 1 is put between the springs 11 and 12 so that the protrusion can be moved slightly toward the lever 3. The position of a spring direction of the protrusion 1 can be adjusted by altering the number of spacers 13. With this adjustment, the protrusion 1 can be always placed at a position to match meridian points of persons. Springs 11 and 12 are so arranged to allow the sliding of the protrusion 1 during a massaging operation.
Patent JP-S58501806-A (JP)
Title: サ−モアンエアロバクタ−・エタノリカスの高エタノ−ル生産性誘導菌
IPC: C12N15/01
Filed: 1982-10-29
Abstract: (57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるため要約のデータは記録されません。
Patent JP-S61501321-A (JP)
Title: たんぱく様物質標識用テクネチウム９９ｍ組成物およびその使用方法
IPC: A61K51/00
Filed: 1985-01-18
Abstract: (57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるため要約のデータは記録されません。
Patent JP-H10504403-A (JP)
Title: 可視像を作ること
IPC: G02B30/27
Filed: 1995-06-05
Abstract: (57)【要約】
ここには、３−Ｄピクチャとしてデコーディング・スクリーンを用いて見るための一体像、パノラモグラミック像あるいは全空間像を再生する方法であって、高解像度インク印刷に相当する密度を持つ像ポイントのアレイとして像を表すことを特徴とする方法が開示してある。
Patent JP-2002501533-A (JP)
Title: 高眼圧症治療のための眼科用組成物
IPC: A61K31/557
Filed: 1998-05-26
Abstract: (57)【要約】
プロスタグランジンまたはその眼科学的に許容される塩、および局所用炭酸脱水酵素阻害剤またはその眼科学的に許容される塩の組合せが高眼圧症および緑内障の治療に特に有用である。組合せは改善された効果および副作用の減少によって特徴付けられる。
Patent JP-H08500214-A (JP)
Title: 光電池モジュールの製造方法及びこの方法を実施するための装置
IPC: H01L31/048
Filed: 1994-06-07
Abstract: (57)【要約】
（ａ）太陽電池システム、被包材料及び分離フォイルにより形成されたモジュール積み重ね体（２）を積み込みステーション（１）に置き、（ｂ）モジュール積み重ね体（２）を真空積層機（５）に移送し、次いで該真空積層機を閉じて排気し、熱伝導性支持板（３）に加熱板（２１）を押圧することにより、被包材料内に配列されたプラスチックシール層の軟化温度にモジュール積み重ね体（２）を加熱し、ｃ）加熱板２１を冷却することなく真空積層機（５）に通気した後、形成された複合体（２′）を硬化オーブン（１０）に送り、（ｄ）硬化した積層体（２″）を次いで冷却ゾーン（１２）に送り、そして（ｅ）取り出しステーション（１４）において積層体を製造プロセスから取り出すことを特徴とする、積層体をベースとする太陽電池モジュールを製造する方法及び太陽電池モジュールを製造するための装置が提供される。本発明に従えば、プロセス工程（ａ）〜（ｅ）は、時間を合わせて同時且つ平行に行われる。
Patent JP-S63502757-A (JP)
Title: 炭素以外の耐火物質の化学蒸気浸透のための設備
IPC: C04B41/45
Filed: 1987-02-09
Abstract: (57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるため要約のデータは記録されません。
Patent JP-H06502079-A (JP)
IPC: C12Q1/68
Filed: 1992-09-18
Abstract: Direct label probe compositions which counterstain genomic DNA are provided that comprise mixed DNA segments which are covalently bound to fluorophore groups through linking groups. The mixed DNA segments are derived from the total genomic DNA of a multi-chromosomal organism, especially man, and the segment mixture is approximately representative of such total genomic DNA. These probe compositions can be used concurrently or sequentially with other probe compositions. Instead of intercalating with DNA as in prior art chemical counterstains, these probe compositions hybridize with complementary segments that are present in the genomic DNA of a specimen.
Patent JP-S58500496-A (JP)
Title: 双安定ネマテイツク液晶表示器におけるセル分離
IPC: G02F1/139
Filed: 1982-04-01
Abstract: (57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるため要約のデータは記録されません。
Patent JP-H06504384-A (JP)
Title: カラー写真用の新規なマゼンタカプラー
IPC: C07D487/04
Filed: 1991-12-27
Abstract: (57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるため要約のデータは記録されません。
Patent JP-H06502538-A (JP)
IPC: C12P21/02
Filed: 1991-10-16
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/US91/07691 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 15, 1993 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 15, 1993 PCT Filed Oct. 16, 1991Disclosed are heparin binding mitogens which include an epidermal growth factor-homologous segment (HB-EHM). These factors stimulate proliferation of fibroblast cells, epithelial cells, and smooth muscle cells, but not endothelial cells. Also disclosed are isolated antibodies that recognize, and purified nucleic acids that encode, the above growth factors as well as isolated polypeptides, vectors containing such nucleic acids, and cells harboring such vectors. Growth factors of this invention may be used for accelerating the rate of wound healing, for the in vitro culture of HB-EHM-responsive cells, and for the identification of antagonists to HB-EHM.
Patent JP-S61502048-A (JP)
Title: 切断または裂断刃
IPC: B27B33/08
Filed: 1985-05-02
Abstract: (57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるため要約のデータは記録されません。
Patent JP-S61500569-A (JP)
Title: 割込みバス装置
IPC: G06F13/24
Filed: 1984-05-11
Abstract: (57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるため要約のデータは記録されません。
Patent JP-S60501615-A (JP)
IPC: F02M23/00
Filed: 1984-04-10
Abstract: The device is intended to introduce additional gas flows (air, exhaust gas, cracked gas) in the intake channel (39) of an internal combustion engine (11) wherein the mixture is compressed by means of slots (9, 10) facing each other in the wall of the intake channel downstream of the throttle valve (2) and extended in the peripheral direction of the intake channel (39) on a peripheral angle smaller than 180<o>, to which the additional gas is supplied by one of a plurality of inlet conduits (6, 7, 8, 14, 15, 19, 20); regulation member (5) is provided to regulate the additional gas flow supplied by those inlet conduits as a function of the vacuum prevailing in the intake channel (39). The slots (9, 10) are orientated so that none of them is traversed by a partition surface separating the intake channel (39) and formed by the displacement of the longitudinal axis of the throttle shaft (21) in parallel to the very surface along the longitudinal medial line of the intake channel (39). Such a device provides for a good preparation of the mixture and consequently an enhancement of the thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine while enabling to lower the fuel consumption and the noxious gas content in the exhaust gas.
Patent JP-S61500556-A (JP)
IPC: C08F299/04
Filed: 1985-05-09
Abstract: A thermosetting, free radical curable unsaturated polymer resin composition and a method of curing thermosetting, free radical curable, unsaturated polymer resin compositions having a pH greater than 4.5 measured as a 10 weight percent methanol solution and containing a tertiary amine as an esterification catalyst and/or an accelerator, such resin being admixed with a copolymerizable monomer, wherein a curing system of a ketone peroxide and a redox active metal salt is employed. An effective amount of an organic sulfonic acid is added to the resin prior to curing, whereby by gas generation upon curing is reduced.
Patent JP-S60502001-A (JP)
Title: 止め具集合体の製造法
IPC: B29C53/00
Filed: 1983-07-19
Abstract: (57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるため要約のデータは記録されません。
Patent JP-S63503429-A (JP)
Title: 電力分割器／結合器回路
IPC: H01P5/12
Filed: 1987-03-30
Abstract: (57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるため要約のデータは記録されません。
Patent JP-S60501852-A (JP)
Title: 高密度化した窒化／オキシ窒化ケイ素複合物の製造方法
IPC: C04B35/593
Filed: 1983-07-19
Abstract: (57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるため要約のデータは記録されません。
Patent JP-S61500785-A (JP)
Title: ３−オキソブチルホスホン酸ジアルキルエステルの製法
IPC: C07F9/40
Filed: 1983-12-21
Abstract: (57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるため要約のデータは記録されません。
Patent JP-2002506348-A (JP)
Title: ヒトホスファチジルイノシトール転移タンパク質γ
IPC: C07K14/47
Filed: 1998-06-10
Abstract: (57)【要約】
本発明は、新規なヒトホスファチジルイノシトール転移タンパク質γ（ＰＩＴＰγ）及びＰＩＴＰγを同定しコードするポリヌクレオチドを提供する。また本発明は、発現ベクター、宿主細胞、アゴニスト、抗体、及びアンタゴニストを提供する。また本発明は、ＰＩＴＰγの発現に関連する疾患の治療方法を提供する。
Patent JP-H07508947-A (JP)
Title: 複胴船の上部構造
IPC: H01L21/027
Filed: 1993-06-30
Abstract: (57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるため要約のデータは記録されません。
Patent JP-H02503447-A (JP)
IPC: D04B7/26
Filed: 1988-04-22
Abstract: In a process for processing the knitting yarn along the edge of a knitted article and/or at the transition of one knitted article to another during the manufacture of knitted articles composed of yarns of different types and/or colours in a flat knitting machine, the knitting yarns (26-29) which pass through the thread guides are cut when the type or colour of the yarn is changed. The knitting yarn which leads directly or indirectly from the end of the last row of stitches of a region of the knitted article to the laterally offset thread guide is held back when knitting is resumed on a region of the knitted article following the first and at a certain distance from the latter, in front of the first row of stitches and in the same plane. When several stitches in this new row have been knitted, the thread is cut at a very short distance from this first row of stitches. The process and construction are thereby considerably simplified and the space requirements are appreciably reduced.