Patent GB-356105-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to compounds of phenol and formaldehyde for tanning, cleansingand other uses
IPC: C14C3/20
Filed: 1930-05-20
Abstract: Sulphonated condensation products of a phenol, an aldehyde and a fatty acid are produced by condensing a phenol with an aldehyde, preferably with an acid catalyst, condensing the product with an unsaturated fatty acid to form a resin, and sulphonating the resin to form a water-soluble product suitable for use as a tanning, wetting, cleansing and emulsifying agent, as a mordant for basic dyes for leather, a penetrating agent for acid dyes, and a dispensing agent for dyes for textiles.  The first condensation may be effected with an excess of phenol, the most reactive product being obtained with formaldehyde, though other aldehydes such as acetaldehyde and benzaldehyde may also be used, and the phenol may be replaced by a homologue of phenol.  The second condensation may be effected with an unsaturated long-chain fatty acid containing 10 or more carbon atoms, but a lower acid such as crotonic acid may be used.  The sulphonation may be effected with sulphuric acid, oleum, or chlorosulphonic acid. In the examples (1) phenol is condensed with formaldehyde with sulphuric acid as catalyst, and the oily condensate is condensed with ricinoleic acid, yielding a resin which solidifies on cooling, the sulphonation of the resin being effected with oleum, the mixture being finally diluted with water and neutralized with soda; (2) the phenolformaldehyde condensate is condensed with oleic acid, the condensate is dissolved in glacial acetic acid and the sulphonation is effected with sulphuric acid; the acetic acid is distilled off, and the acid neutralized by calcium hydrate; (3) the second condensate prepared as in example (2) is sulphonated with chlorosulphonic acid; (4) the first condensate prepared as in example (2) is condensed with crotonic acid to produce a resin, which is dissolved in acetic acid and sulphonated as in example (2); (5) phenol is condensed with acetaldehyde in presence of sulphuric acid, unused reagents being removed by steam distillation, and the product condensed with oleic acid and sulphonated as in example (2).ALSO:Sulphonated condensation products of a phenol, an aldehyde, and a fatty acid are produced by condensing a phenol with an aldehyde, preferably with an acid catalyst, condensing the product with an unsaturated fatty acid to form a resin, and sulphonating the resin to form a water-soluble product suitable for use as a tanning, wetting, cleansing and emulsifying agent, as a mordant for basic dyes for leather, a penetrating agent for acid dyes, and a dispersing agent for dyes for textiles.  The first condensation may be effected with an excess of phenol, the most reactive product being obtained with formaldehyde, though other aldehydes such as acetaldehyde and benzaldehyde may also be used, and the phenol may be replaced by a homologue of phenol.  The second condensation may be effected with an unsaturated long-chain fatty acid containing 10 or more carbon atoms, but a lower acid such as crotonic acid may be used.  The sulphonation may be effected with sulphuric acid, oleum, or chlorosulphonic acid. In the examples (1) phenol is condensed with formaldehyde with sulphuric acid as catalyst, and the oily condensate is condensed with ricinoleic acid, yielding a resin which solidifies on cooling, the sulphonation of the resin being effected with oleum, the mixture being finally diluted with water and neutralized with soda; (2) the phenolformaldehyde condensate is condensed with oleic acid, the condensate is dissolved in glacial acetic acid and the sulphonation is effected with sulphuric acid; the acetic acid is distilled off, and the acid neutralized by calcium hydrate; (3) the second condensate prepared as in example (2) is sulphonated with chlorosulphonic acid; (4) the first condensate prepared as in example (2) is condensed with crotonic acid to produce a resin which is dissolved in acetic acid and sulphonated as in example (2); (5) phenol is condensed with acetaldehyde in presence of sulphuric acid, unused reagents being removed by steam distillation, and the product condensed with oleic acid and sulphonated as in example (2).  The products may be used alone or with vegetable tanning agents; for instance, sheepskins are placed in a rotary drum with 5 per cent salt solution and the product of example (2) is added; an unequal weight of the product of example (5) may replace one-tenth of the vegetable extract used in yard tanning of heavy leather; or the products may be used in chrome or other mineral tanning, in all operations in which vegetable tanning agents or wood dyes enter.