Patent GB-793581-A (GB)
Title: Rubbery copolymer-polar compound reaction products
IPC: C08F8/00
Filed: 1955-12-22
Abstract: Lubricating oil compositions comprise a major proportion of a lubricating oil and a minor but sludge-dispersing proportion of a reaction product of an unsaturated hydrocarbon copolymer having a Staudinger molecular weight within the range 4000 to 60,000 and a mol. per cent unsaturation of 5 to 50 with an unsaturated organic monomer containing carbon and hydrogen and at least one of the elements oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon (see Group IV (a)). Specified reaction products are those of butyl rubbers, polyisobutylenes and butadyne-styrene copolymers with various vinyl monomers.  The lubricating oils may be mineral or other hydrocarbon lubricating oils or synthetic oils or various blended oils. Hydrogenated or white oils or, in certain cases, cracking coal tar fractions and coal tar or shale oil distillates may be used.  For special applications organic esters or animal, vegetable or fish oils or their hydrogenated, polymerized, sulphurized or volatolized products may be used, alone or with mineral oils.  Other synthetic lubricating oils mentioned are esters of monobasic and dibasic acids; esters of glycols or polyglycols; complex esters; esters of phosphoric acid; halocarbon oils; alkyl silicates; sulphite esters; carbonates; mercaptals; formals; polyglycol type synthetic oils; and mixtures of any of these with each other or with mineral oils. Other agents such as dyes, dibenzyl disulphide, sulphurized or volotized sperm oil, phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine, polyisobutylene, polymerized lauryl methacrylate, diamyl trisulphide, sulphurized wax olefine, tricresyl phosphate, 2,6-ditert-butyl-4-methyl phenol, the reaction product of phenol with sulphur chloride treated diisobutylene, esters, ketones, alcohols, thioalcohols, amines, aldehydes, and halogenated or nitrated compounds may also be present.ALSO:A copolymer is prepared by reacting an unsaturated hydrocarbon copolymer having a Staudinger molecular weight within the range 4000 to 60,000 and a mol. per cent unsaturation of 5 to 50 with an unsaturated organic monomer containing carbon and hydrogen and at least one of the elements oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon. Specified hydrocarbon copolymers are butadiene-styrene copolymers and partially hydrogenated derivatives, butyl rubbers and polyisobutylenes modified with butadiene and piperylene. Specified butyl rubbers are copolymers of isobutylene, 2-methyl - 1 - butene, 2 - methyl - 1 - pentene and 2 - ethyl - 1 - hexene with isoprene, butadiene, piperylene and 1,3-hexadiene.  Specified monomers are acrylonitrile, vinyl pyridine and their methyl, ethyl and propyl derivatives, e.g. 2-methyl - 5 - vinylpyridine, 2 - vinyl - 6 - methylpyridine and others, vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl pyrimidines, vinyl parvolines, vinyl picolines, vinyl collidines, acrylic esters and methacrylic esters of methyl, ethyl, butyl, decyl, lauryl, hexadecyl and octadecyl alcohols, vinyl isobutyl ether, vinyl esters, e.g. vinyl acetate, bis-(betachloroethyl) vinyl phosphonate and vinyl triethoxy silane.  It is preferred to use 5 to 200 parts of monomer per 100 parts of unsaturated hydrocarbon polymer in the presence of a diluent or solvent, e.g. cyclohexane, benzene, n-hexane, petroleum ether, n-heptane, n-octane, t.-butyl alcohol and di-alkyl ethers, and a catalyst, e.g. benzoyl, ditertiary butyl, and hydrogen peroxide, cumene and tertiary butyl hydroperoxides and 2,2-bis tertiary-butyl peroxybutane.  The materials may all be mixed together or the monomer may be added in successive increments or continuously over a period of time.  More than one monomer may be added and, in this case, the reaction may be partially completed with one monomer before the others are added.  The products may be compounded in minor proportions with natural rubber or with the synthetic rubbers polyisobutylene, butyl rubber, butadiene-styrene copolymer, polymers of butadiene, isoprene or 2,3-dimethyl butadiene or their chloro or cyano substituted derivatives, and copolymers of these with ethylenic monomers which may contain as substituents chloro or cyano groups, and with pigments such as carbon black, calcium carbonate, ferric hydroxide, chrome yellow, Prussian blue, phthalocyanine, bentonite, kieselguhr, montmorillonite, silica, silica-alumina and titanium dioxide and may be vulcanized.