Patent GB-689743-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the production of synthetic fibres from polymers and copolymers of acrylonitrile
IPC: D06P3/70
Filed: 1949-11-23
Abstract: <PICT:0689743/IV (a)/1> The process of the parent Specification is modified, for the p  production of staple fibres, by cutting the freshly formed polyacrylonitrile filaments after they have been stretched and while they contain 13 to 75 per cent of water by weight, and the cut fibres are dried in a fully relaxed state so that they are obtained in a crimped condition.  The fibres may be dried at room temperature or at elevated temperatures up to 200 DEG  C.  The stretched or unstretched aquagel filaments or fibres may be treated with an antistatic agent.  The fibres may be made from polyacrylonitrile or from an acrylonitrile copolymer containing at least 85 per cent by weight of combined acrylonitrile.  The polymer may have a molecular weight of 35,000 to 300,000 or higher. Solutions of the polymer in solvents such as concentrated aqueous solutions of zinc, calcium, lithium, cadmium, aluminium, and sodium thiocyanates, perchlorates, nitrates, chlorides, bromides, and iodides, or concentrated aqueous solutions of guanidine or substituted guanidine thiocyanates may be extruded into an aqueous coagulant at a temperature not above 10 DEG  C.  As shown in Fig. 1, the polyacrylonitrile solution is extruded through spinneret 14 into the cooled aqueous coagulating liquid, e.g. water, in vessel 24.  The filaments 26 pass between rollers 34, 36 in several loops and then to a stretching device.  If desired, a large number of bundles of filaments may be collected in the form of a continuous tow which is then passed to the stretching device.  The filaments are stretched between rollers 38 and 44, the stretching being assisted by passing them through hot water or other liquid in trough 42.  During the stretching the filaments travel in a line which is a tangent to the rolls 38, 44 and between the rolls they do not make frictional contact with any solid object.  The amount of stretch may be 100-200 per cent or more.  The stretched filaments are then passed to a cutting device 66 where they are cut to staple fibres while they still contain 13 per cent or more moisture, and the fibres are conveyed by belt 74 into and through the drying oven 76.  The dried, crimped, polyacrylonitrile fibre may be blended with other fibres, e.g. nylon, rayon, cotton, wool, flax, or casein fibres.  In an alternative procedure, the filaments pass from the coagulating bath to a pair of mutually inclined hollow drums round which they travel in helical turns while being treated with cold washing liquid, e.g. water.  The filaments pass to the stretching device and then are partially dried in an oven through which is passed a current of hot air or flue gas.  The filaments then pass to the cutting device and the fibres are conveyed through a second drying oven.  Examples describe the extrusion of solutions of polyacrylonitrile and copolymers of acrylonitrile with methyl acrylate or allyl alcohol using a concentrated aqueous solution of calcium thiocyanate as solvent, the use of water at 0-5 DEG  C. as the coagulating liquid, the stretching of the filaments in one or more stages, the cutting of the wet or partially dried filaments into staple fibres, and the drying of the fibres in a current of air at room temperature or at 150 DEG  F.  The process may be continuous or discontinuous.  In one example, the stretched aquagel continuous filament thread is wound on bobbins under tension and is subsequently conditioned in air at various relative humidities before being cut to staple fibres.  In another example, the cut fibres are immersed in boiling water for a few minutes before being dried.  Crimped fibres of diminished lustre are obtained.  The cut fibres may be immersed in an emulsion containing guanidine octadecyl hydrogen sulphate as anti-static agent and butyl stearate as lubricant, and then dried.  In another example, the cut fibres are immersed in a dye-bath and then washed and dried. Specifications 594,999 and 689,744 are referred to.