baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-786341-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of catechol
Inventor: YOUNG DONALD PETER
IPC: C07C409/14
Filed: 1955-02-23
Abstract: Catechol is prepared by oxidizing, in the liquid phase by means of molecular oxygen, a 1 : 2 : 3 : 4-tetrahydronaphthalene which is substituted by a straight-chain alkyl group in each of the 1 and 4 positions, to a 1 : 4-dialkyl-1 : 2 : 3 : 4 - tetrahydronaphthalene dihydroperoxide, decomposing the dihydroperoxide by means of an acidic catalyst and recovering catechol from the decomposition mixture.  Specified 1 : 4 - dialkyl - 1 : 2 : 3 : 4 - tetrahydro - naphthalenes are 1 : 4 - dimethyl- or -diethyl-or -dipropyl- or -dibutyl- or 1-methyl-4-ethyl-1 : 2 : 3 : 4 - tetrahydronaphthalene. The oxidation is conveniently carried out at 60-120 DEG  C. and preferably in the presence of an alkali such as an alkali metal hydroxide or carbonate or an alkaline earth metal oxide or hydroxide. The oxidation product contains the dihydroperoxide, which exists as cis and trans isomers, and some monohydroperoxide. The dihydroperoxide can be extracted from the oxidation product with aqueous alkali metal hydroxide and it is preferred to decompose the extracted dihydroperoxide rather than the mixture containing the monohydroperoxide.  The decomposition is carried out by treating the dihydroperoxides, preferably in solution in an inert organic solvent at elevated temperatures with an acidic catalyst such as sulphuric acid or alkanesulphonic acids.  The decomposition produces as well as the catechol, diketones and minor amounts of diketophenols.  Thus, 1:4-diethyl - 1 : 2 : 3 : 4 - tetrahydronaphthalene dihydroperoxide gives catechol, octane-3 : 6-dione and minor amounts of 1-o-hydroxybenzoylpentan-3-one. The catechol is extracted from the decomposition mixture by distilling it preferably after neutralization of the acid catalyst, dissolving the residue in an organic solvent such as benzene or carbon tetrachloride and extracting the catechol with water.  The diketone can be recovered from the organic solvent layer.  In examples: (1) 1 : 4 - diethyl - 1 : 2 : 3 : 4 - tetrahydronaphthalene was oxidized with oxygen in the presence of aqueous sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate, or calcium hydroxide, the dihydroperoxide extracted with aqueous sodium hydroxide and separated into its isomers (in one example the monohydroperoxide is also isolated) either of which on decomposition with sulphuric acid or a mixed alkanesulphonic acid gave catechol, octane-3 : 6-dione and a small amount of 1 - o - hydroxybenzoylpentan - 3 - one; (2) 1 : 4 - dimethyl - 1 : 2 : 3 : 4 - tetrahydronaph - was oxidized with oxygen in the presence of aqueous sodium carbonate, the dihydroperoxide isomers and monohydroperoxide isolated, the mixture of the dihydroperoxides and one of the isomers being decomposed with sulphuric acid to give catechol and acetonylacetone. Specification 646,102 is referred to.
Patent GB-1069506-A (GB)
Title: A semiconductor device and method of making
Inventor: HAGON PETER JOSEPH
IPC: H01L21/86
Filed: 1966-02-08
Abstract: 1,069,506. Semi-conductor devices. NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION Inc. Feb. 8, 1966, No. 5410/66. Heading H1K. A method of making a semi-conductor device in a thin film of monocrystalline semi-conductor material bonded to an insulating substrate comprises masking the surface of the film and diffusing impurity completely through at least two regions of the film to alter its conductivity. A thin film is defined as having a thickness of 50 Š to 3 Á. A plurality of insulated gate F.E.T.'s are produced by epitaxially growing a thin film of P-type silicon doped with boron on a sapphire substrate 20, polishing the surface of the film, oxide masking and etching to divide the film into a plurality of strips 21, bevelling the edges of the strips by mechanical polishing, Fig. 5 (not shown), covering strips 21 with a thermally grown layer of silicon dioxide, masking and etching this oxide layer to form a plurality of strips (25) extending transversely to strip 21, Fig. 4 (not shown), and diffusing boron into the film to form P<SP>+</SP> type regions 23, 24. The oxide masks (25) are widened, or removed and replaced by wider insulating layers 27 and aluminium 'is vapour deposited and etched to form ohmic contacts 30, 32 to regions 23, 24, and gate electrodes 31 over insulating layers 27. The individual F.E.T.'s are isolated by cutting through the source-drain contacts and the semiconductor film. Junction diodes, Figs. 8 to 10 (not shown), may be produced by depositing an N-type silicon film (40) on to a sapphire substrate (41), forming strips, masking with an oxide layer (42) and diffusing in boron to produce P+ type region (45), remasking and diffusing-in phosphorus to produce N+ type region (46), and depositing aluminium contacts (48, 50) on the N + and P + type regions (46, 45) respectively. Bipolar transistors, Figs. 11 to 14 (not shown), may be produced by a process similar to that used for F.E.T.'s except that phosphorus is diffused-in instead of boron to give two N+ type regions (23, 24) which form the emitter and collector. The base contacts (52) are applied to the lateral edges of the original P-type regions. The devices may be fabricated individually or in arrays. The substrate may also be of quarts, glass, or ceramic; the semi-conductor material may also be germanium, gallium arsenide or cadmium telluride;the monocrystalline film may be produced by vapour phase growth, evaporation, or gaseous discharge, or electrochemically; portions of the film may also be removed by mechanical, electron beam, or laser beam milling or alternatively the film may be initially formed in the desired pattern. The contacts may also be produced by selective deposition.
Patent GB-563979-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to electrically heated kilns
IPC: C21D9/00
Filed: 1943-04-06
Abstract: 563,979. Electrically heated kilns. BRITISH BROWN-BOVERI, Ltd., and OSWALD, H. April 6, 1943, No. 5492. [Class 39 (iii)] Relates to electrically heated tunnel kilns through which articles travel slowly on trucks or rotating tables and to kilns fired intermittently. The heaters e are arranged vertically on a truck a capable of entering the kiln. Resistance strip or wire i is arranged over horizontal bars g, h, the bar g being supported on refractory pillars f supported on studs f<2>. The articles may be placed on each side of the heater thus formed. The heaters may be supplied from bus-bars j through switches l. In a modification, the heaters may be surrounded by tubular sleeves. The articles to be heated may be carried on a separate truck. The switch gear may be constructed as described in Specification 563,980. Specification 486,465 also is referred to.
Patent GB-525352-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to gas cookers
IPC: F24C15/18
Filed: 1939-02-18
Abstract: 525,352. Auxiliary boiling and grilling stoves supported on gas cooking - stoves, GENERAL GAS APPLIANCES, Ltd., and BENNETTS, H. C. W. Feb. 18, 1939, No. 5500. [Classes 75 (i) and 126] An auxiliary hot-plate stove with one or more boiling-rings and/or a grilling burner can be detachably secured to one side of a gas cooking- stove. It is supported by brackets b which hook over the cornice a of the main stove and under the cornice c of the auxiliary stove. The cornice c is attached to lugs on front and rear bridge pieces g, h at the tops of U-shaped frame members d. The bridge piece g is tubular and supplies gas to burner nipples k which, together with their taps j, are supported from it. Gas is supplied to the pipe g through one of two hollow projections g<SP>2</SP> which are both drilled so that either can be connected to the supply pipe while the other is stopped up. One burner p is supported at one end by its mixing tube p<SP>2</SP> resting on its nipple k and at the other by an extension p<SP>1</SP> resting on a lug h<SP>2</SP> on the bridge piece h. The other burner q is similarly supported by its nipple k and a projection p<SP>3</SP> on the burner p. A second auxiliary stove, with a grilling burner only, may be attached to the other side of the main stove.
Patent GB-608431-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to change-speed gear levers of motor vehicles
IPC: F16H63/34
Filed: 1946-02-23
Abstract: 608,431. Controtling variable-speed gearing. AUSTIN MOTOR CO., Ltd., and HAEFELI, J. C. Feb. 23, 1946, No. 5667. [Class 80 (ii)] In a change-speed gear, means are provided whereby the gear lever can be moved forward into an additional neutral position without moving any gear into engagement to facilitate greater freedom of movement in the driving compartment. In one embodiment of the invention, Fig. 3, one horn 19 of the reversing selector has a part cut away at its outer side 22 forming a space for the foot of the lever 14a when the gear lever is moved to its forward neutral position. 'In another embodiment, Fig. 5, the horn 19 is pivotally connected to the selector 20 and slidably mounted on a short fixed support 23. On rearward movement of the foot of the lever 14 from the neutral position, the horn 19 collapses to allow the gear lever to be moved to its forward neutral position. The horn 19 remains upright however when it is required to move the selector 20 from a forward engaged position to its neutral position.
Patent GB-594828-A (GB)
Title: Improved device for effecting relative rotation between parts under axial load, particularly for rotating poppet valves
IPC: F01L1/32
Filed: 1945-03-07
Abstract: 594,828. Ratchet gearing. THOMPSON PRODUCTS, Inc. March 7, 1945, No. 5682. Convention date, Oct. 26, 1944. [Class 80(iii)] [Also in Groups XXVII and XXIX] Relative rotation between two parts connected by a spring is produced by circumferentially-shiftable members which act on the spring when deflected under load. The invention is described with reference to an internal-combustion engine valve. As shown in Figs. 1 and 3, a retainer cap 19 secured to the stem of a poppet valve is spaced from a collar 20, on which the valve springs 14, 15 bear, by one or more spring washers 42, preferably conical in shape. The cap has a shoulder 19b, against which the washers seat when the valve is closed, and an annular housing 19c having grooves 19d, with inclined bottoms, containing balls 21, rollers or wedges loaded by coil, cantilever or leaf springs. When the valve opens the springs 14, 15 are compressed and the increased load flexes the washers and is transferred to the balls 21, which move down the grooves and rotate the cap and valve. A locking wire 24 prevents separation of the cap 19 and collar 20. In modified constructions, (1) a single valve spring is used into which the collar fits tightly and the cap is made of stamped metal with inclined bottom sections separated by curled tangs which anchor the springs for the balls, (2) the spring-pressed balls and their grooves are provided in the collar outside the springs and the inner end of the washer bears on a shoulder on the cap so that when the valve opens the balls rotate the washer and thus the cap and the valve, (3) the balls 21 are provided in a cap 53, Fig. 10, mounted on the valve guide 50 and having a groove 53b to receive the end of the valve spring 14. As the valve opens the washer 22 bends and the balls rotate the cap 53 thereby driving the spring 14 to rotate the valve, and (4) a cup 61, Fig. 11, fits inside the spring 14 and the washer 22 seats on the valve guide 13. As the valve opens the balls 62a move along inclined walls of troughs, rotating the cap 62, cup 61 and driving the valve spring to rotate the valve.
Patent GB-580377-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to waveguides for wireless systems
IPC: H01P3/14
Filed: 1944-03-28
Abstract: 580,377. Wave guides. FENWICK, C. E., and WEIGHT, C. S. March 28, 1944, No. 5740. [Class 40 (v)] A rectangular wave guide has one pair of opposite sides 1, 1<1> formed of solid metal sheets and the other pair 2, 2<1> formed of a plurality of separate parallel metal strips or wires which may be formed integrally with the plates or soldered thereto. One of the plates may be formed with a slot 3 to allow the insertion of a probe. The whole assembly may be encased in rubber or other flexible covering. The form shown in Fig. 1 is flexible in a direction perpendicular to the solid plates 1, 1<1>. Fig. 2 shows a guide formed on a twisted mandrel, the twist being 90 degrees. This gives transverse flexibility in all directions and torsional flexibility. Alternatively, the guide may be given two twists of opposite hand (Fig. 3, not shown).
Patent GB-942086-A (GB)
Title: A process in which a cheese mixture is heated
Inventor: BARBER ANTHONY
IPC: A23C19/08
Filed: 1961-02-16
Abstract: The heat sterilizing of a cheese mixture, in preparing cheese-based foods such as processed cheese and cheese spreads, is effected at above 90 DEG  C. by passing the mixture continuously through a heat-exchange vessel of the kind in which material coming into contact with a heat-exchange surface is quickly removed therefrom by the action of a moving agitator within the vessel, and homogenizing and cooling the heated mixture, the equipment used for these operations being such as to prevent air reaching the hot mixture, while, at the same time, avoiding a vacuum which would result in loss of volatile ingredients.  The vessel may be a cylinder in which is a cylindrical rotor having a helical step, the outer edge of the step passing very near to, but not scraping against, the inner surface of the cylinder as the rotor turns.  The mixture may be pre-heated. Heating in the vessel may be above 143 DEG  C. for a few seconds. The sterilized mixture may be cooled in a similar vessel.  The mixture may be passed through a filter before it is cooled.
Patent GB-1458764-A (GB)
Title: Photographic emulsions
IPC: G03C1/005
Filed: 1974-02-08
Abstract: 1458764 Photographic silver halide emulsions AGFA-GEVAERT AG 8 Feb 1974 [9 Feb 1973] 05855/74 Heading G2C Light-sensitive, spectrally sensitized photographic silver halide emulsions contain silver halide grains having troglodyte ripening nuclei (i.e. ripening nuclei capable of forming developable latent image nuclei upon exposure and which are arranged in cavities which are only open to the external surface of the grain), said grains having been formed by precipitating silver halide on to silver halide grains having ripening nuclei at the surface thereof, and at least 50% of the silver halide grains of the emulsion being developable after exposure in a surface developer of the following composition:- water 800 ml p-methylaminophenol 2À4g ascorbic acid 10À0g sodium carbonate 10À0g potassium bromide 2À0g made up with water to 1 litre The troglodyte nuclei enable the emulsion to be spectrally sensitized more effectively than a prior art surface developable emulsion using the same amount of sensitizing dye. The emulsion is made by precipitating further silver halide on to chemically sensitized silver halide grains by (i) adding aqueous silver nitrate and halide solutions, (ii) adding silver nitrate solution alone in the case of emulsions which contain sufficient quantities of dissolved halides, or (iii) mixing the grains with a much finer grained emulsion and maintaining at an elevated temperature (Ostwald precipitation).
Patent GB-782884-A (GB)
Title: Novel organosilicon compounds and a process for treating glass fibres therewith
IPC: C03C25/40
Filed: 1956-02-24
Abstract: In making resin-glass fibre laminates, the glass fibres are treated by wetting with a solution, e.g. in water, an alcohol or a ketone, of a salt of the general formula <FORM:0782884/IV (b)/1> in which Vi is a vinyl radical, each R is a monovalent hydrocarbon or hydroxylated hydrocarbon radical, there being a total of less than 13 carbon atoms in the R groups attached to any one nitrogen atom, and x has an average value of from 0.5 to 3 inclusive (see Group IV (a)), the solution having a concentration of from 0.01 to 1 per cent by weight ViSiO 3/2 calculated on the weight of the solution, and thereafter heating the treated fibres at a temperature of at least 100 DEG  C. until the fibres are dry.  When an organosilicon laminating resin is to be used, the treated fibres should be heated to at least 250 DEG C. to remove alkalinity by decomposition of the quaternary ammonium salt.  In Example 4 glass fibres were dipped into an aqueous solution of a vinylsiloxane salt of betahydroxyethyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, and then heated at 121 DEG  C. for 5 minutes.ALSO:Compounds of the general formula <FORM:0782884/IV (a)/1> in which Vi is a vinyl radical, each R is a monovalent hydrocarbon or hydroxylated hydrocarbon radical, there being a total of less than 13 carbon atoms in the R groups attached to any one N atom, and #c has an average value from 0.5 to 3 inclusive, may be made by reacting the corresponding quarternary ammonium hydroxides with vinyltriethoxy silane or preferably with a monovinylsiloxane gel, simply by mixing them in a suitable medium such as an alcohol, ketone or water.  The salt formed is soluble in the reaction medium and when diluted so as to yield a solution containing from 0.01 to 1 per cent by weight of ViSiO 3/2 calculated on the weight of the solution, is ready for treating glass fibres.  In examples, a methanol solution of b -hydroxyethyltrimethyl-ammonium hydroxide was (1) diluted with water and mixed with a tertiary butanol solution of vinyltriethoxy silane; (2) added to a gel of ViSiO 3/2 and the resulting solution was diluted with water; salts of the formul ; (3) ViSiOON.Me4; (6) ViSi(ONMe4)3; and (7) vinyl siloxane salts of HOC2H4(C6H4CH2) Me2NOH, (HOC2H4)3MeNOH, and (C6H5) Me3NOH were made by the process of Example (1); and (5) the salt ViSiOON.Me3(CH2.C6H5) was made by the process of Example (2).
Patent GB-1339695-A (GB)
Title: Electric connector member for flat cables
IPC: H01R12/67
Filed: 1972-02-08
Abstract: 1339695 Tape cable connectors ITT INDUSTRIES Inc 8 Feb 1972 [8 Feb 1971] 5900/72 Heading H2E A tape cable connector comprises L-shaped contacts 52 each having a resilient portion 58 with insulation piercing projections 62 and being mounted in an insulator block 16, and a clip 88 which when mounted on the block 16 causes the projections 62 to penetrate the cable insulation to connect the conductors of the tape cable 14 to the contacts 52. The insulator block has channels 18 extending diagonally across one surface and at alternate ends of adjacent channels openings (22) extend through to the opposite surface 24. Each channel accommodates a contact 52, a portion 56 which may be twisted extending through respective openings (22) to act as a mating pin contact or other terminating device, and a barb 66 engaging a shoulder (28) in the opening. An insulating cover 72 with a spring 82 is secured to the block by a clip 88 with retaining shoulders 96 which engage shoulder 42 on the base, and, in use, the tape cable is clamped between the cover 72 and the block 16. The cover 72 has a peripheral rib (80) extending along two edges and one side of its lower surface for aligning the tape cable and the lower surface may have an adhesive coating for holding the tape cable. Tools for securing the clip include pliers with modified jaws and a lever operated press mounted on a column.
Patent GB-1495042-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for slidably supporting heavy objects
IPC: E01D19/04
Filed: 1975-02-12
Abstract: 1495042 Bearings ASEA AB 12 Feb 1975 [13 Feb 1974] 5927/75 Heading F2A A heavy object is slidably supported by a plurality of plain bearing elements which travel on a slide path, at least part of which is curved in a plane parallel to the direction of motion. A guide edge is provided on at least one side of the slide path to guide the elements along the curved part of the path. Each bearing element has a planar sliding surface of low friction plastics material (e.g. PTFE).
Patent GB-470239-A (GB)
Title: Process of and apparatus for detecting solid bodies in containers
IPC: G01H1/00
Filed: 1937-02-27
Abstract: 470,239. Controlling and actuating by sound. HENSZEY, R. O., BUEHLER, H., and SMART, P. Feb. 27, 1937, No. 5983. Convention date. June 19, 1936. [Class 118 (ii)] [Also in Group XL] For detecting solid bodies in containers holding fluid (e.g. solder pellets in cans of milk), the containers are vibrated so that the bodies are caused to hit the walls of the containers, the resulting vibration being used to operate indicating, marking, or ejecting mechanism. As shown, the cans are fed along conveyer 33 and are gripped by rotating holders 20. The holders are twice caused to drop, by gravity and spring pressure, on to springs, the first fall moving the pellets to the bottom of the cans and the second causing them to strike the bottoms. The second fall takes place as each can is above the vibration detector 48 so that if the can contains a pellet, the bottom vibrates, and the sound causes magnet 17 to be energized to move cam 63 into the path of cam 39 so that the holder containing the can is opened and the can ejected. The other cans pass to and are taken away by conveyer 34. Instead of ejecting the can, the sound can be used to operate visual or audible signals or to mark the can with a crayon. A suitable wiring diagram is shown in Fig. 10. A sound of the correct frequency causes current to flow in coils 52 so that a pulse passes to the circuit. The final valve 70 is a gas-filled tube which acts as an electronic trip and when operated, energizes the relay 69. Relay 68 is energized, locks up and closes the circuit of magnet 17, the circuit of relay 68 being opened mechanically by contacts 64 when the can has been ejected or by a suitable time delay. When the electronic trip has energized it automatically restores itself to zero current due to the voltage drop in its cathode resistor when it is tripped.
Patent GB-581188-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to heat exchange devices
IPC: F28F9/02
Filed: 1944-03-31
Abstract: 581,188. Headers for heat-exchangers. COLTMAN, J. L., and IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, Ltd. March 31, 1944, No. 5984. [Class 64 (iii)] In a heat-exchanger in which thin plate-like or tubular elements are secured to each other to form of themselves a substantially rigid matrix 1, each header comprises a substantially flat plate 4 and a channel-section member 3, the web 5 of which, constitutes the side walls of the header, one flange 7 of the channel-section member being brazed to the adjacent face of the matrix 1 and the other flange 6 serving or being adapted to locate the plate 4 thereon and being brazed to the plate in liquid-tight manner. To locate the plate 4 in position, a strip 10 may be brazed to the flange 6, or the plate 4 may be provided with strips or stops which fit against the edges of the flange. One or more bars of I- section may be provided across the centre of the header, to form a tie or ties between the plate 4 and the matrix. Above the tie-bars the plate has apertures through which it is brazed to the bars. The plate may be in sections. The channelsection member 3 may be in one-piece mitred at 8 to form the corners, or may be formed from straight lengths joined together.
Patent GB-729605-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to organopolysiloxane moulding compositions
IPC: C04B26/32
Filed: 1953-03-04
Abstract: A moulding composition, for making articles for electrical purposes, comprises by weight 65 to 90 per cent of particulated mica having an average particle size of at least 15 mils. and 10 to 35 per cent by weight of an organopolysiloxane resin, in which there are 1 to 1.6 organic groups per silicon atom and in which the polymer units are of the general formula <FORM:0729605/IV (a)/1> where n is 1 or 2 and each R is methyl or phenyl, preferably at least 50 per cent of the R radicals being methyl radicals.  Curing catalysts such as Na, K, Pb, Sn, Zn and Co carboxylates, e.g. octoates, may be added.