Patent GB-706402-A (GB)
Title: Artificial teeth and compositions, methods and apparatus for forming the same
IPC: A61C13/00
Filed: 1950-07-03
Abstract: The enamel portion of an artificial tooth comprises the copolymerization product of a monomer containing at least one CH2 = C< group and an unsaturated polyester derived from a dihydric alcohol and an alpha-beta ethylenic dicarboxylic acid or anhydride, preferably reinforced with an abrasion-resistant filler.  Specified monomers are styrene, diallyl phthalate and vinyl acetate.  Suitable dihydric alcohols are propylene and ethylene glycols; and maleic, fumaric and itaconic acids are specified acids.  These acids may be partly substituted by a saturated dicarboxylic acid such as phthalic acid.  In operation, a catalysed mixture of monomer and polyester is polymerized to the gel stage and retained in that form by adding an inhibitor such as tert.butyl catechol or a quinone.  A filler such as glass fibre is then preferably added before moulding, together with additional catalyst, and the paste is inserted against the body parts of the teeth in a mould and cured by heat or, preferably, by actinic light.  A firm bond is thus obtained between the enamel and body portions of the teeth.  Specified catalysts are tert. butyl hydroperoxide and perbenzoate, benzoyl peroxide, di-tert. butyl diperphthalate and hydrocyclohexyl hydroperoxide.  The glass fibre filler may be coated with resin such as dimethacrylate resins, phenol-aldehyde resins, polyamides, polybutyl methacrylate and polyvinyl butyral, acetal and formal.  Pigments or dyes, including fluorescent materials, are also preferably added to the gel at the same time as the fibre.  The body part of the teeth may be made from poly methyl- or ethyl-methacrylate, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyamide resin, cellulose acetate or mixtures of these materials or from vinyl copolymers. Instead of glass fibre, other fillers such as powdered glass and feldspar, particles or fibres of porcelain, metal and synthetic plastic materials and particles of alumina or silicon carbide may be used.ALSO:The enamel portion of an artificial tooth comprises the copolymerization product of a monomer containing at least one CH2=C= group and an unsaturated polyester derived from a dihydric alcohol and an alpha-beta ethylenic dicarboxylic acid or anhydride, preferably reinforced with an abrasion-resistant filler.  Suitable dihydric alcohols are propylene and ethylene glycols; and maleic, fumeric and itaconic acids are specified acids which may be partly replaced by a saturated dicarboxylic acid, e.g. phthalic acid.  The copolymerizable monomer may be styrene, diallyl phthalate or vinyl acetate.  The fibrous filler is preferably glass but other fillers such as powdered glass and feldspa, particles or fibres of porcelain, metal and synthetic plastic materials and particles of alumina or silicon carbide may be used.  The filler may be coated with a resin and pigments may be added to the composition before curing.  The body part of the tooth may be made from polymethyl or ethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyamide resin, cellulose acetate or mixtures of these materials, or from vinyl copolymers. Bonding between the two parts is effected when a partially polymerized mixture of the monomer and polyester is cured in contact with the body part in a mould.