Patent GB-1453713-A (GB)
Title: Polymer pigmentation load handling equipment
IPC: C08G85/00
Filed: 1973-06-18
Abstract: 1453713 Polymer pigmentation IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES Ltd 10 June 1974 [18 June 1973] 28838/73 Heading C3R A process for the production of a dispersion of condensation polymer particles in a hydrocarbon or chlorinated hydrocarbon liquid medium in which the polymer is insoluble, wherein the disperse particles of polymer incorporate at least one inert, solid modifying agent for the polymer, comprises heating in the said liquid medium at the polymerization temperature at least one condensation polymerforming reactant which is present as a liquid disperse phase in an emulsion as hereinafter defined, one of the component polymer chains of an emulsifying agent present which is soluble and non-self-associated in a reactant disperse phase being also capable of associating with the polymer produced, dissolving or dispersing in the said liquid phase of the emulsion prior to completion of the polymer-forming condensation reaction the inert, solid modifying agent and then completing the reaction. The term emulsion means an emulsion of a liquid disperse phase in a liquid continuous phase in which the emulsifying agent is a polymeric material containing in its molecule at least one component polymer chain of a type which is soluble and non-self-associated in the liquid of the disperse phase and at least one component polymer chain of another type which is soluble and non-self-associated in the liquid of the continuous phase, the average M.Wt. of the individual components being at least 1000, the total M.Wt. of the individual components of each type being at least 3000 or at least n x 1000 where n is the number of individual components of the other type, whichever is higher, and the ratio of total weights of the individual components of the two types being from 3 : 1 to 1 : 3. Suitable modifying agents are pigments e.g. phthalocyanine blue and green, TiO 2  and iron oxide; dyestuffs; metallic powders or flakes, e.g. of Al; and fillers, e.g. kaolin silica, e.g. #-crystobalite, and Portland cement. The polymer-forming reactant may be a liquid at normal temperatures, or may be a reactant which can be melted by heating in the hydrocarbon or chlorinated hydrocarbon medium, or it may be a solid which can be dissolved in a second inert liquid which is immiscible with the liquid medium in which the dispersion is to be formed, the resulting solution constituting the liquid disperse phase. The modifying agent may be incorporated into the reaction mixture before polymerization commences or it may be dissolved or dispersed in the liquid which is to form the disperse phase of the emulsion, prior to emulsification thereof, optionally with the aid of a dispersing agent. The modifying agent is preferably present in an amount of 0À5-80% of the weight of the disperse polymer to be formed. The emulsifier may be a block copolymer consisting of 2 component polymer chains, each of M.Wt. at least 3000, which respectively provide the two types of polymeric component required, or a copolymer comprising a polymeric backbone providing one of the component polymer chains and carrying as one or more side-chains, component polymer chains of the other type, or a copolymer comprising a polymer backbone from which are pendant sidechains of the 2 types of component polymer chains required. The modified polymer particles may range in size from 0À1 to 100 Á. Suitable reactants are polybasic acid, anhydrides and acid halides with polyols or polyamines to produce polyesters and polyamides; diaryl carbonates and bisphenols to produce polycarbonates; single polymer-forming reactants or preformed initial reaction products of a polyacid and a polyol. A catalyst may be added. The dispersions can be used as coatings or they may be converted to powders and used for making moulded articles or fibres. In the Examples (1) polyethylene terephthalate dispersions are prepared from a melt of bis-(hydroxyethyl)terephthalate, TiO 2 , iron oxide or copper phthalocyanine as pigment or various disperse dyes, aliphatic hydrocarbon liquid and a graft copolymer emulsifier prepared from methoxypolyethylene glycol reacted with glycidyl methacrylate, poly-(12-OH stearic acid) reacted with glycidyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate; (2) polyamide dispersions are prepared from 11-amino-undecanoic acid dissolved in ethylene glycol, a dyestuff or kaolin or Portland cement powder, and optionally 8-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, an aliphatic hydrocarbon and either the above graft copolymer or a graft copolymer having side chains of polyethylene glycol grafted on to a backbone of poly-(methylmethacrylate); (3) a polycarbonate dispersion prepared from diphenyl carbonate and diphenylol propane dissolved in phenol, TiO 2 , an aliphatic hydrocarbon or orthodichlorobenzene and as emulsifier a block copolymer of poly- (tert-butylstyrene) and poly-(ethylene oxide).