Patent GB-340011-A (GB)
Title: The manufacture of derivatives of higher fatty acids
IPC: C11C3/00
Filed: 1929-09-11
Abstract: Products, whose alkali salts are stated to be strong cleansing agents, are prepared by treating the polyhalogenated fatty acids prepared according to Specification 336,623, (which contain more than 8 carbon atoms and more than 2 atoms of halogen in the molecule, and in which at least one of the halogens is introduced by substitution of a hydrogen atom), with aqueous or alcoholic solutions of the fixed caustic alkalies.  The halogen atoms are thereby entirely or partly removed, with the formation of double bonds or they are entirely or partly replaced by hydroxy groups. In examples: (1) hexachlororicinoleic acid (c.f. Specification 336,623, [Class 2 (iii), Dyes &c.], is heated with caustic soda, with or without the addition of copper: (2) hexachlorstearic acid (c.f. Specification 336,623, is heated with aqueous caustic soda or alcoholic caustic potash: (3) tetrachloroleic acid (c.f. example 6 of Specification 336,623) is heated with aqueous caustic soda: (4) tetrabromoleic acid (prepared by direct bromination) is heated with caustic potash: (5) heptachlorpalmitic acid (obtained by direct chlorination) is heated with methyl alcoholic caustic soda: (6) heptachlororicinoleic acid (obtained by direct chlorination) is heated with aqueous caustic potash: (7) a chlorinated technical mixture of linoleic and linolenic acids is heated with caustic potash: (8) the ethylanilide of tetrachloroleic acid is heated with alcoholic caustic potash: (9) the methylanilide of hexachoro-ricinoleic-acid is heated with aqueous caustic soda.ALSO:The polyhalogenated fatty acids prepared according to Specification 336,623, (which contain more than 8 carbon atoms and more than 2 atoms of halogen in the molecule, and in which at least one of the halogens is introduced by substitution of a hydrogen atom) are treated with aqueous or alcoholic solutions of the fixed caustic alkalies or with aqueous solutions of substances having a weak alkaline reaction, e.g. ammonia, sodium carbonate, phosphate, or acetate, ammonium formate or urea.  The halogen atoms are thereby entirely or partly removed, with the formation of double bonds or they are entirely or partly replaced by hydroxy groups.  When caustic alkalies are used in the reaction, the products are soluble in alkali and yield salts which are cleansing and emulsifying agents.  When weak alkalies are employed, the products are insoluble in alkalies, and on boiling with caustic soda, polymerization occurs, with possible esterification of the carboxy group, elastic, caoutchouc-like products being produced. In examples: (1) tetrachlorpalmitic acid (obtained by direct chlorination of the parent acid) is heated with aqueous ammonia: (2) pentachlororicinoleic acid (obtained by direct chlorination of the parent acid) is heated with aqueous ammonia or caustic soda: (3) hexachlororicinoleic acid (c.f. Specification 336,623, [Class 2 (iii), Dyes &c.],) is heated with aqueous ammonia, disodiumhydrogenphosphate, sodium acetate, ammonium formate, urea in the presence of copper, urea in the presence of copper and sodium acetate, caustic soda with or without the addition of copper and also with aqueous potassium carbonate: (4) hexachlorstearic acid (c.f. Specification 336,623, [Class 2 (iii), Dyes &c.],) is heated with aqueous ammonia, caustic soda, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, milk of lime, barium hydroxide or alcoholic caustic potash: (5) tetrachloroleic acid (c.f. example 6 of Specification 336,623) is heated with aqueous caustic soda: (6) tetrabromoleic acid (prepared by direct bromination) is heated with caustic potash: (7) heptachlorpalmitic acid (obtained by direct chlorination) is heated with methyl alcoholic caustic soda: (8) heptachlororicinoleic acid (obtained by direct chlorination) is heated with aqueous caustic potash: (9) a chlorinated technical mixture of linoleic and linolenic acids is heated with caustic potash: (10) the ethylanilide of tetrachloroleic acid prepared by chlorinating the parent anilide or by condensing ethylanilide with tetrachlorinated oleic chloride, is heated with alcoholic caustic potash: (11) the methylanilide of hexachlororicinoleic acid (prepared similarly from the methylanilide of ricinoleic acid which may be obtained by condensing ricinoleic acid chloride with methylaniline) is heated with aqueous caustic soda.