Patent GB-1341614-A (GB)
Title: Anti-skid braking system utilising pressure feedback
IPC: B60T8/1763
Filed: 1971-10-27
Abstract: 1341614 Anti-skid braking system BENDIX COKP 27 Oct 1971 [18 Nov 1970] 49967/71 Heading F2F An anti-skid braking system for a wheeled vehicle comprises means for sensing rotational velocity of a wheel of the vehicle, means 10 for processing the signal from said velocity sensing means and providing an error signal when a predetermined reference has been exceeded, means 12 for relieving brake pressure in response to said error signal to prevent the wheel from skidding on a road surface, transducer means 14 for sensing said brake pressure and giving a signal proportional thereto and means 16, 18 responsive to said signal from said transducer means for correcting said error signal to help maintain maximum adhesion between the wheel and the rod surface. The means 16 is a circuit which differentiates the signal from the transducer 16 so that the output signal from the circuit 16 is the rate of change of pressure and the means 18 is an adder which receives the error signal from the processing means 10 at one input and the rate of change of pressure signal from the circuit 16 at another input so that its output is a corrected signal, this is applied by an adder 26 and an amplifier 28 to the coil 20 of a modulator to open a valve so that braking pressure is relieved. The adder 26 receives feedback from the amplifier 28 via a resistor 22 which is connected to the junction between a resistor 24 and the solenoid coil 20. This is stated to decrease the response time of the solenoid 20. In a modification a non-linear function generator is provided between the circuit 16 and the adder 18 to compensate for the non- linear relationship between brake pressure and brake torque. In addition between the adder 18 and the adder 26 a comparator is inserted which receives a wheel acceleration signal and compares it with the signal from the adder 18 so that when the wheel acceleration exceeds the modified error signal from the adder 18 the comparator 32 gives an output which initiates the anti-skid cycle. An alternative embodiment of the system is shown in Fig. 4 this being a modification of the system shown in Specification 1,208,843. In this system the wheel velocity is differentiated in a circuit 40 to obtain a signal corresponding to wheel acceleration. This signal is fed into comparators 38, 42 and 44, the comparator 38 providing an output when a reference voltage corresponding to deceleration of minus G1 is exceeded, the comparator 42 providing an output when a reference voltage corresponding to an acceleration of plus G2 is exceeded and the comparator 44 providing a signal when a reference voltage corresponding to an acceleration of plus G3 is exceeded. The outputs of the comparator 38 and 42 are fed to an AND gate in the manner shown in the prior Specification but not shown in this Specification, in such a manner that the minus G1 signal via an AND gate 46 operates a solenoid 48 to open a normally closed outlet valve of the modulator to exhaust compressed air from the modulator so that braking pressure is relieved. The modulator is of the type having a chamber connected to a compressed air source via an inlet valve and also a bleed port, the chamber being exhausted to atmosphere by an outlet valve; the bleed port allows pressure to build up slowly in the chamber to apply braking pressure when both the outlet and inlet valves are closed; opening the inlet valve allows pressure to build up quickly and opening the outlet valve relieves pressure despite the continuing input of compressed air via the bleed port; a G2 signal from the comparator 42 causes the outlet valve to close so that pressure builds up slowly. The comparator G4 is connected via a NOR gate 54 and AND gate 55 to the solenoid 56 of the inlet valve which is open when the solenoid is not energized and closed when the solenoid is energized. In the present circuit the solenoid coil 56 is normally energized by a signal from the AND gate 55 and the action of the signal from the comparator 44 is to close the AND gate 55 since the signal is inverted in the NOR gate 54; the closing of the AND gate removes current from the solenoid coil 56 and the inlet valve when open so that braking pressure is restored quickly. An electric signal representing brake pressure is received from a pressure transducer (not shown) connected to the output of the modulator and this is differentiated in a circuit 16 to provide a rate of change of brake pressure signal which is then fed through a non-linear network 36 corresponding to the network 30 previously described and the output of the network 36 is fed to the comparator 38 to modify its reference voltage according to change in brake pressure; the output signal from the circuit 16 is also fed to an integrator 52 the output of which is a signal which varies in the same way as the brake pressure varies but which is not superimposed upon the average value of brake pressure; this signal is fed to the comparator 42 to change the G2 reference voltage in a manner tending to move the G2 reference voltage towards the minus G1 reference voltage. To retain the inlet valve open after it has been opened by the G3 comparator 44 arid when the rate of acceleration has dropped below the G3 rate a memory 58 is provided; this is fed from the pressure transducer and also receives an input from the minus G1 comparator 38; the memory memorizes the pressure at which the comparator 38 produces an output, this being the maximum pressure and holds the inlet valve open until a selected percentage of this pressure is attained after the G3 comparator 44 has produced an output; it does this by providing a logic one input to the NOR gate 55 until the selected pressure is received at its input when its output changes to logic 0. To keep the inlet coil de-energized and hence the inlet valve open until a skid condition is sensed a flip-flop 57 is provided, the flip-flop holds the AND gate 55 closed to keep the coil de-energized until the flip-flop is set by a signal from the AND gate 46 which happens when a minus G signal is produced by the comparator 38; this happens on the first cycle of anti-skid operation and on subsequent cycles the flipflop remains set so that the inlet valve remains closed until the flip-flop is reset by release of a brake switch. A binary clock 60 is provided which is controlled by the differentiator 40; the output frequency produced by the clock depends upon the acceleration or deceleration signal received from the differentiator 40 and varies in steps being low for maximum deceleration and high for maximum acceleration; the output of the clock pulses the NOR gate 54 and hence the inlet valve to maintain the brake pressure slightly below the maximum pressure; the opening of the outlet valve sets a flip-flop 62 the output of which inhibits output of the clock until reset by an output signal from comparator 44. A detector 50 is provided the input of which is connected to the differentiator 40 and which is put into operation when the brake pedal is depressed; it counts the number of times that acceleration changes to deceleration in a particular time period and if a predetermined count is exceeded it closes the AND gate 46 for a predetermined length of time and hence prevents the opening of the outlet valve; this is stated to prevent the outlet valve opening prematurely on a road having a rough surface; if the AND gate 46 gives an output before the detector 50 reaches the predetermined count the detector 50 is reset to zero.