Patent GB-896386-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to machine tools
IPC: B24B19/08
Filed: 1959-03-20
Abstract: 896,386. Copy-milling; tailstocks. OHYAGI, K. March 20, 1959 [March 20, 1958], No. 9804/59. Class 83 (3). [Also in Group XXIII] A machine tool for forming a workpiece to a contour having the polar equation where K and r are constants and n is an integer, comprises drive means for rotating the workpiece about a first axis which passes through the origin of the polar equation, a reciprocating member arranged to be driven towards and away from the first axis by the workpiece driving means so that said member undergoes n harmonic cycles of amplitude K for each revolution of the workpiece, a rotary tool mounted on an element pivotally carried on the reciprocating member so that the element and tool can be swung about a second axis fixed relative to the reciprocating member and passing through the circumference of the rotary tool, the first and second axes being parallel, and means for swinging the tool and element about said second axis, the arrangement being such that in operation the reciprocating member and swinging means position the tool such that each point of contact between the tool and the workpiece always lies on the second axis and a binormal to the curve of the equation, the curve and rotary tool having a common tangent passing through the second axis. A work spindle 10 driven, through worm and bevel gearing, by an electric motor 18 has a rod 21, the work 1 being held between a sleeve 2 on the rod 21 and a nut 22. The end of the rod 21 engages a recess in the end of a set screw 23 carried by a bracket 20 on the machine frame 19. A grinding wheel 24 or milling cutter is driven by an electric motor 25 mounted on a plate 26 vertically adjustable, by handle 28, on a frame 27 horizontally adjustable, by screw 30, on a base 31 supported by a slide 34. The base 31 is pivotally connected to the slide 34 by a pin 39, the edge of the grinding wheel 24 being brought, by adjustment of the frame 27, into register with the axis of the pin 39. The base 31 has a step engaging an arcuate guide plate 52 secured to the slide 34. The slide 34 is movable on guideways 36 extending longitudinally of the machine. A cross bar 41 mounted on bars 38, 38 secured to the slide 34 has a rectangular slot receiving an eccentric pin 42 carried by a disc 44, the eccentricity of the pin being adjustable. The disc 44 is carried by a shaft 46 driven from the spindle 10 by gears 9, 47 such that shaft 46 has a speed twice that of spindle 10. The eccentric pin 42 is adjusted to an eccentricity K; with the pin in its position nearest the spindle 10, the slide 34 is moved so that the distance between the centres of pin 39 and spindle 10 is r. Set screws 53, 53 are then tightened to clamp the bar 41 to the rods 38 so that rotation of the shaft 46 reciprocates the slide 34. The grinding wheel thus produces on the work a shape having the equation p = r + K (1 - cos 2#). A slide 4 is movable on guideways 5 extending transversely of the machine frame, and has a longitudinal slot 58 receiving an eccentric pin 48 carried by a disc 7, the eccentricity of the pin being adjustable. The disc 7 is carried by a shaft 60 driven from the spindle 10 by gears 9, 59 such that shaft 60 has a speed twice that of spindle 10. The slide 4 carries a pin 55 registering with the centre of the slot 58, the pin 55 working in a rectangular slot 64 in a lever 3. This lever is pivoted at 49 to an extension 50 of the guide plate 52. The other end of the lever 3 is pivotally connected at 51 to a link 32 the other end of which is pivotally connected at 33 to the base 31 of the grinding head. The midpoints of pin 39, connection 33, connection 51 and pivot 49 form a parallelogram. When the slide 4 is in its mid-position, lever 3 lies parallel to the line joining the mid-points of spindle 10 and pin 39. The pin 48 is adjusted to an eccentricity 2K. Reciprocation of the slide 4 causes the base 31 of the grinding head to pivot about the pin 39 so that the centre of the grinding wheel is always on a line normal to the surface of the work at the point of contact of the work and grinding wheel.