baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-768263-A (GB)
Title: Improved process for the preparation of resin acid nitriles and nitriles so produced
Inventor: BRAULT ROBERT GEORGE
Filed: 1954-08-10
Abstract: Resin acid nitriles are prepared by heating a reaction mixture containing a resin acid or mixture of such acids in the liquid state at a temperature of from 120 DEG  to 270 DEG  C. in the presence of ammonia and a red phosphorus catalyst to form the resin amide in the reaction mixture, and then heating the resin amide-containing reaction mixture to a temperature of from 300 DEG  to 340 DEG  C. to complete the reaction.  Resin acids used may be those obtained from natural resins such as wood or gum resin or from tall oil. Refined abietic acids such as pure abietic acid, l-pimaric or d-pimaric acids may be used.  The catalyst may be used in an amount of 1 per cent of the resin acids and may contain a small amount of boric acid. Solvents such as hydrocarbons may be used in the reaction which may be conducted as a continuous or batch process.  In an an embodiment of the invention, a crude mixture of resin acids is heated to 120 DEG to 185 DEG  C. with a red phosphorus catalyst while ammonia gas is passed in, and after the bulk of the carboxyl group is converted to amides the temperature is raised to 320 DEG  to 340 DEG  C. until the reaction is complete.  Temperatures of 265-270 DEG  C. may also be used for the initial heating period. In examples, a fraction obtained by vacuum distillation of a tall oil and containing resin acids such as abietic acid, dextro-pimaric acid and pyroabietic acid, the latter comprising dehydro-, dihydro-, and tetrahydroabietic acids, and fatty acids such as oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids is heated with red phosphorus and boric acid in the absence of solvents at various temperatures in the range 120-185 DEG  C. for various reaction times while ammonia gas is passed in, the temperature being raised to 320-340 DEG  C. to complete the reaction, the mixture cooled and filtered to give a mixture of the corresponding nitriles; other examples illustrate the same reaction (4) omitting the low temperature heating step, and (7) using toluene as solvent at a lower heating temperature of 100 DEG  C. followed by heating to 325 DEG  C. after removal of the solvent.
Patent GB-1459139-A (GB)
Title: Co-polyesters
IPC: C08G63/682
Filed: 1974-05-24
Abstract: 1459139 Flame retardant copolyesters IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES Ltd 2 May 1975 [24 May 1974] 23317/74 Heading C3R [Also in Division C2] A fibre-forming copolyester contains units derived from a compound of the formula in which R and R<SP>1</SP> are hydrogen, C 1-4  alkyl or aryl. Preferably the copolyester contains 1 to 25 mole per cent of the above units, the remainder being ethylene terephthalate or tetramethylene terephthalate units. The examples describe copolyesters derived from dimethyl terephthalate, ethylene glycol and 2,2-bis- (31,51 - dibromo - 41 - ethoxycarbonylmethoxyphenyl)propane.
Patent GB-1095175-A (GB)
Title: Removal of water soluble catalyst residues from water insoluble polymers
IPC: C08J3/14
Filed: 1965-06-02
Abstract: A method of removing water-soluble catalyst residues and of recovering a water-insoluble solid polymer from solution in a water-immiscible solvent comprises dispersing the polymer solution in superheated water at a temperature above the boiling point of the solvent and at a pressure sufficiently high to maintain the dispersion in liquid form, and passing the dispersion into a low pressure area while atomizing it with a steam jet which is preferably turbulent, so as to evaporate the solvent and form particles of the solid polymer.  The method is particularly suitable for the recovery of mono- and di-olefin polymers, most particularly olefin-nonconjugated diene copolymers, and is described in detail in connection with the product obtained by polymerizing ethylene, propylene and dicyclo-pentadiene in hexane using a vanadium oxytrichloride-ethyl aluminium sesquichloride catalyst (see Specification 1,094,961). The polymer solution may, if desired, be washed with water before being dispersed in superheated water.  The dispersion may be passed through a plurality of steam jets, which are preferably steam-jacketed, and thence as a plurality of parallel streams into the low pressure area.  The latter is preferably contained in a tank above a body of agitated hot water, and the polymer slurry produced therein can then be removed from the bottom of the tank. The polymer may then be rinsed by reslurrying in water, and then dried by conventional means.  A particular form of apparatus for carrying out the method is described.
Patent GB-1306555-A (GB)
Title: Aerator impellers for the aeration of liquids
IPC: B01F25/64
Filed: 1970-05-15
Abstract: 1306555 Aerator impeller J R KAELIN 15 May 1970 [19 May 1969] 23560/70 Heading B1C An aerator impeller 1 comprising a rotor member 5 having on its underside blades 14 extending from a. central region 3 to its periphery 4 is characterised in that each blade has a crossmember 15 extending on both of its sides along at least part of its length. The depth of each blade and the width of each crossmember may vary along their lengths as shown. Each blade may extend in a curved manner (Fig. 2, not shown) and each crossmember may be arranged either normal or inclined to its blade and may extend further to one side of the blade than the other side, (Figs. 5, 6, not shown). Blades with crossmembers may also be provided on top of the rotor member (Fig. 7, not shown). The rotor body 2 may be made from metal or plastics and may be partly or completely filled with a foamed plastics material 13.
Patent GB-793227-A (GB)
Title: Phenothiazine compounds
Filed: 1956-07-31
Abstract: The invention comprises 10-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) - 2 - chlorophenothiazine N : 5 - dioxide of the formula <FORM:0793227/IV (b)/1> and acid addition salts thereof with pharmacologically acceptable acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydriodic, sulphuric, phosphoric, nitric, acetic, benzoic, salicylic, glycolic, succinic, nicotinic, tartaric, maleic, malic and lactic acid. The compounds are made by reacting a 10-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-2-chlorophenothiazine with a peroxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide.  Several other suitable peroxidizing agents are specified.  The products are useful as tranquillizing agents, antiemetics and drug potentiators.
Patent GB-241876-A (GB)
Title: An improved process for coating paper pulp vessels, plates or the like for the protection thereof against the action of moisture, fat, soap and the like
IPC: D21H17/64
Filed: 1925-09-23
Abstract: 241,876. Baumgõrtner, Dr. Katz & Co., Ges. Oct. 27, 1924, [Convention date]. Coating processes.-In coating or plates of paper pulp with size, gelatine, casein, mucilage, &c., the articles are first moistened with an aqueous solution having an alkaline reaction, for example ammonia, or alkaline solution is added to the coating medium. The alkali loosens the fibres, thus allowing slight impregnation which improves the attachment of the coating. The alkaline solution mav contain salts which will react with precipitating media in the sizing liquor to form sulphates, phosphates, fluorides, sulphides, oxides &c., and the alkaline solution or the sizing liquor may contain fluorine compounds, formaldehyde, or substances which evolve aldehydes to harden the coating and protect it against micro-organisms and decomposition.
Patent GB-1436262-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of profiles of cellular thermoplastic materials
IPC: B29C48/305
Filed: 1973-05-21
Abstract: 1436262 Extruding foamed sections HOECHST AG 21 May 1973 [19 May 1972] 24022/73 Heading B5A [Also in Division C3] Foamable thermoplastics material is extruded through a plurality of die passages 2 of a die plate 1, Figs. 1 and la, which are of enlarged cross-sectional area 3 at their outlet ends to permit foaming of the material, and which confluently unite at, or upstream of, the outlet surface of the die plate, into a single opening at which the extrudates from the bores 2 are fused together into a sheet, board, or other configurations. The extrusion is drawn by an opposed roller pair, Fig. 5 (not shown), through sequential heated and cooled sizing dies, which respectively effect completion of the fusing and foaming, and effect coating. The bores 2 of the Fig. 1 embodiment unite at the outlet surface of the die plate and are pyramidially enlarged at their outlet ends 3. In the similar Fig. 1b embodiment (not shown) the enlargements unite upstream of the outlet surface of the die plate, and the passages also have inlets of similar section to the outlets, but of decreasing area in the extrusion direction. In the Fig. 2 embodiment (not shown) a single row of eight passages is provided each having part-conical enlargements. Other arrangements are shown in Figs. 3 and 4. The passages may alternatively be of enlarging cross-sectional area throughout their lengths. The enlargements may alternatively be of rectangular, polygonal, round, or oval section, or hemispherical or paraboloid. Enlarging the size of the passage smallest sections increases the density of the extrusion. The extrudate may be additionally passed through a cooling bath. Conventional thermoplastics, blowing agents, and additives are specified, with a preferred polymer comprising polystyrene, or a copolymer of styrene with up to 30% of comonomer. In the examples; (1), polystyrene preblended with citric acid and sodium bicarbonate pore regulator, has injected into it dichlorodifluoromethane blowing agent in a first extruder, and is reduced in temperature during extrusion from a further extruder provided with a die plate having a row of eight passages with enlarged pyramidial inlets, and outlets, to yield a density of 44 g./l.; (2) Example (1) was modified by injecting dichlorodifluoromethane and methyl chloride as an equipreportional mixture, and using a die plate having enlarged conical inlets to 1,200 passages arranged in 20 rows, to yield a density of 36 g./l.
Patent GB-588269-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to garment hangers
IPC: A47G25/28
Filed: 1944-12-01
Abstract: 588,269. Garment hangers. PRUEN, J. H. Dec. 1, 1944, No. 24066. [Class 52 (v)] A garment hanger comprises a shaped upper bar 1 which is downwardly extended at one end to form an abutment 3 for a lower supporting rail 4, the latter being lipped at the free end 8 to prevent garments from slipping off. According to a modification a number of longitudinal lower rails may be provided.
Patent GB-1338346-A (GB)
Title: Television special effects control pulse-generating apparatus
IPC: H04N5/275
Filed: 1972-05-23
Abstract: 1338346 Television RCA CORPORATION 23 May 1972 [28 May 1971] 24103/72 Heading H4F Circuitry for generating switching signals for switching a television display from one video signal to another at line rate or any multiple thereof, to reduce various composite picture displays-e.g. split screen or iris displayscomprises a pulse generation 36, Fig. 8, working at a multiple e.g. 256-of the line rate and feeding a series of dividers 37, 38, 39 to produce sub multiples of the generation output. The sub multiple outputs H/2 ... 128H are fed to digital to analogue converting circuit 49 comprising a network of suitably weighted resistors. Synchronism of the generator output with the line sync. signals is achieved by digital phase comparison of the output of divider 39 with that of the line sync signal divider 43, the comparison result being used to control the phasing of the generator. The analogue signal output 56, Fig. 9 from the circuit 49, exemplified in Figs. 8, 9 as a sawtooth at half line frequency is level compared at 52 with an adjustable threshold 57 from source 53 to give the switching signal 58 from the instants of equality. In Fig. 8 the 128H output of divider 37 is not used. When it is used, Figs. 10, 11 (not shown), the sawtooth has a line frequency repetition rate. To produce a triangular waveform output 96, Fig. 13, the circuitry of Fig. 12 is used in which the digital outputs of up/down counters 81, 82 fed by the generator output 256H sequentially rise and fall, the attainment of a maximum counter giving a 1 at the 2H output of counter 82, whereby a switchover pulse is sent to bi-stable 86 to switch over AND gates 83 and 84 and couple the generator output to the down input of counter 81. When the counter outputs indicate a zero reading all inputs to AND gate 88 are enabled and a switch over pulse switches back AND gates 83 and 84 so that the counters start to count up again. The switching signal 102 produced from comparator 92 has a width variable by changing the comparison threshold. This gives a variable size square iris composite display facility. The sawtooth output of Fig. 10 (not shown) can be squared (Fig. 15, not shown) in an integrated circuit to give a parabolic waveform, which yields a switching signal such as to give a circular iris composite display facility.
Patent GB-168771-A (GB)
Title: Improved tool grinding attachment for lathes
IPC: B24B27/00
Filed: 1920-08-19
Abstract: 168,771. Drummond, A., and Norman, G. L. Aug. 19, 1920. Disc apparatus .-A tool-grinding attachment for lathes comprises a grinding-wheel C mounted in a casing D which is adjustably secured to a bracket E by means of a pin d engaged by a screw e<2> in the bracket. The bracket is attached to the lathe headstock A by a bolt e and a screw e<1>. The grinding-wheel spindle has thereon a small pulley c<1> driven by a belt c<2> from the largest of the stepped pulley wheels B of the lathe. When not required, the attachment may be removed by removal of the belt and by loosening the screw e<2>.
Patent GB-498699-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to rotary step-by-step snap-action mechanism, particularly for transformer tap-changing gear
IPC: F16H27/04
Filed: 1937-09-04
Abstract: 498,699. Snap-action switches ; gearing ; escapement mechanism. YORKSHIRE ELECTRIC TRANSFORMER CO., Ltd., and LYDALL, W. M. Sept. 4, 1937, No. 24194. [Class 38 (v)] [Also in Group XXIV] Rotary step-by-step snapaction mechanism comprises, loose on a shaft d to be driven, a driven Geneva wheel c or disc driven thereby, which has a spring f coiled about its hub e, one end f of which bears against an abutment g on the interior of a barrel h fast to the shaft d, the other end f being engaged by a projection i on the wheel c. A shaft b drives the Geneva wheel c through a peg-wheel a and thereby stresses the spring f because rotation of the shaft d is prevented by a locking plate j engaging one of a number of recesses in a flange h<1> on the barrel h until rotation of the plate j driven by the shaft b through gears k, k<1> releases the flange h<1> to allow the shaft d to move round with a snap until the end f<1> of the spring f engages a projection m on the hub e.
Patent GB-170723-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in gas burners
IPC: F23D99/00
Filed: 1920-08-20
Abstract: 170,723. Stimson, E. F., and Stimex Gas Stove Co., Ltd. Aug. 20, 1920. Burners, mounting.-In geysers, hot-water circulatars, &c. of the kind in which an annular or multiple jet burner f is attached to and swings with the pivoted door b of the burner-chamber, the gas is supplied through the lower door-supporting lug d and a hollow stud k to a hollow casting i, which moves with the door and is formed with an injector nozzle protruding into the mixture pipe g leading to the burner. The stud k is formed with a hemispherical end bearing in a hemispherical socket in the lug d and secured thereto by a nut l. A solid journal j screwed in the upper end of the casting t constitutes the upper door pivot. The lower lug d is detachably secured to the geyser casing a. A screw needle valve m regulates the gas passing through the nozzle h.
Patent GB-675761-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to vinyl copolymers and method for the preparation thereof
IPC: C09D125/14
Filed: 1948-09-15
Abstract: Liquid copolymers are made by heating a vinyl compound and a polyhydric alcohol ester of one or more non-conjugated, unsaturated fatty acids at a temperature of 325 DEG  to 550 DEG  F., in the presence of sulphur dioxide as catalyst, the amount of vinyl compound being between 5 and 50 per cent by weight of the final copolymer.  In a modification the polyhydric alcohol ester may contain conjugated unsaturated fatty acid radicals in an amount of not more than 30 per cent by weight of the total fatty acid radicals and also a minor proportion of other fatty acid radicals containing one double bond or none.  Specified vinyl compounds are styrene, alpha-methyl styrene, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, acrylonitrile and acrylic acid esters and mixtures thereof. Specified polyhydric alcohol esters of unsaturated fatty acids are linseed, soya bean, chinawood, perilla, chia, safflower or sunflower oils or mixtures thereof or polyesters formed by partially or wholly replacing the glycerides of these esters by other polyhydric alcohols such as glycerine, glycol, pentaerythritol, polypentaerythritol, sorbitol, mannitol, or polyallyl alcohol.  Mixtures of the polyesters may be heated together in the presence of calcium acetate prior to copolymerization wth the vinyl compound.  The vinyl compound may be added to the mixture in portions during the reaction.  Alkyd resins may be made from the copolymers by heating with a polybasic acid, e.g. phthalic anhydride, and a polyhydric alcohol, e.g. glycerine, preferably in the presence of litharge.  Paints, varnishes, lacquers, printing inks and coating, impregnating and insulating compositions may be made from the copolymers or alkyd resins.  The compositions may include driers such as lead or cobalt naphthenate.
Patent GB-1392235-A (GB)
Title: Shotgun cartridge case
IPC: F42B7/06
Filed: 1972-05-23
Abstract: 1392235 Shotgun cartridges GEVELOT SA 23 May 1972 [28 June 1971 16 Feb 1972] 24255/72 Heading F3A A shotgun cartridge comprises: a tube 11 secured in a head 12 by a wad 14; the tube being constituted by a plurality of layers of sheet material made from paper in combination with another material that renders the tube non-porous or substantially non-porous to propellant gases under pressure. The tube is formed from: paper coated with lacquer; or from several layers of paper adhered to one another by means of an organic glue; or from a sheet of polyethylene, tin or aluminium disposed between two sheets of paper or lining one side of the paper.
Patent GB-1267321-A (GB)
Title: Electrical contact apparatus
IPC: H02K13/00
Filed: 1970-05-20
Abstract: 1,267,321. Current collectors for dynamoelectric machines. SINGER CO. 20 May, 1970 [18 Sept., 1969], No. 24432/70. Headings H2A and H2E. Brushes 16, Fig. 6, engaging a rotatable slipring assembly 14 may be lifted off the latter by rotation of a cylindrical brush-lifting member 12 disposed between the slip-ring assembly and the brush supporting block 10. The brush lifting member 12 (see Fig. 2) has, for each brush, a slot 18 through which the brush normally passes to engage the slip-ring assembly, and a groove 20 into which the brush may be transferred by rotation of the member 12. The brushes each engage a respective groove (24, Fig. 5, not shown) in the slip-ring assembly. They may be mounted only in the upper part of the supporting block 10 and arranged in two rows (Fig. 1, not shown) or they may be mounted in both the upper and lower parts of block 10 and arranged in a single row. The block 10 may be rotatable.
Patent GB-905858-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for setting up tubes for bending
IPC: B21D7/14
Filed: 1961-07-06
Abstract: 905,858. Levels. SULZER FRERES S.A. July 6, 1961 [July 12, 1960], No. 24539/61. Class 97 (2). Apparatus for setting up tubes for bending, where the plane of curvature of an existing tube bend is required to be brought into a desired angular position relatively to a support surface, comprises a block 1, Fig. 1, having a V-groove 2 to engage the tube and ensure that at the point of contact the tube axis is parallel to the axis of a rotatable disc 3 on the block 1 carrying a spirit level 5, and an arrangement for ensuring that the surface 7 on block 1 is parallel with the plane of curvature of the existing bend. As shown, a rotatable turret 8 carries one end of a rod 9 which is slidable, but not rotatable, within the turret 8 and is connected similarly at its opposite end to a turret 11 rotatably mounted on a V-block 12. The apparatus is secured by clips, rubber bands or permanent magnets to the tube. After rotating disc 3 until the required angle is shown on scale 4 against an index on the block 1, the bent tube is rotated until the spirit level 5 is horizontal whereupon the plane of the bend makes the required angle with the surface 19 and is clamped by device 13. In a modification, Fig. 6, a V-groove 2 is provided along two opposite sides of block 1 and a sleeve 14 pivoted thereto at 18 carries a forked rod 15 which is slidable, but not rotatable, within the sleeve 14. In a further form the head is mounted on a flat plate provided with an abutment ledge extending parallel with the axis of the rotatable ring.
Patent GB-1042936-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to skylights
IPC: E04D13/03
Filed: 1963-06-20
Abstract: 1,042,936. Double-glazed rooflights. W. J. VAN DE KERKE & ZOON NV. June 20, 1963 [June 25, 1962], No. 24595/63. Heading E1R. Transversely curved rooflight components 1, 2 and 3 are formed from two layers of plastics material brought together and coated with a further layer of plastics during the hardening process, each component being formed with complementary edge formations comprising either an outstanding rib 5 and a flange 8 or a channel 9. The insides of the walls 6 and 7 may be rough, and a further, shiny layer (not shown) may be incorporated in-between.
Patent GB-705033-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to plain bearings
Inventor: LOVE PHIL PRINCE
IPC: F16C33/14
Filed: 1951-10-23
Abstract: 705,033. Making compound bearings; casting processes. GLACIER METAL CO., Ltd Oct. 23, 1951, No. 24718/51. Classes 83 (1) and 83 (2) Casting compound bearings.-In making  bearings or bearing liners a copper-lead alloy lining is cast into a steel shell, cooled to a temperature between the melting point of copper and lead, centrifuged white cooling further to impregnate the solidified copper with molten lead, and finally the inner portion, denuded of lead, is machined away. A steel tube may be arranged vertically in, e.g. a sand mould, the alloy poured in, and a sand core plunged into the centre of the mould to displace most of the alloy. The tube &c. when at about 1000‹ C. may be spun about a horizontal axis by three 'horizontal supporting rolls or about a vertical axis after removing the sand core. Rotation is continued until the temperature reaches about 300‹ C. The bearing is then machined to size leaving a lining of copper sponge fully packed with lead. The lined shell may be cut up, as desired, to form the required bearings or liners.