baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-565636-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of aliphatic dibasic acids
IPC: C07C51/31
Filed: 1943-03-01
Abstract: Aliphatic dibasic acids are produced by liquid phase oxidation of a saturated alicyclic alcohol in a solvent therefor with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of an oxidation catalyst, and an oxidation initiator consisting of a peroxide or a compound capable of forming a peroxide under the reaction conditions. Cyclohexanol or its homologues yield adipic acid or substituted adipic acid, cyclopentanols give glutaric and cyclobutanols succinic acid or substituted acids.  Temperature is about 60-160, generally 80-130 DEG C., and pressure is preferably above atmospheric, e.g. 2-100 or even up to 1000 atm.  The solvent may be, for example, carbon tetrachloride or benzene, but is preferably an organic acid such as acetic, propionic, butyric, trimethylacetic, isobutyric, phenylacetic and methoxyacetic acids in an amount of, say, 1-99, and preferably at least 20 per cent by weight of the reaction mixture.  The catalyst may be a solid polyvalent metal of atomic weight between 50 and 200 or a salt or oxide thereof, with or without inorganic acids. Specified catalysts are chlorides of V, Ce and Co, acetates of Mn and Ba, permanganates of Ba and Co, sodium cobalti nitrite, and mixtures thereof, the preferred catalyst being a mixture of the Co, Cu and Mn salts of organic acids, especially acetic.  Promoters such as Ba, Mg and K acetates, butyrates or propionates may also be used. The initiator may be a peroxide, such as sodium, hydrogen or benzoyl peroxide, a peracid, e.g. peracetic or perbenzoic, an aldehyde, ketone, ether or olefine, e.g. cyclohexene or octylene. It may be added only at the start, a ketonic initiator being formed, for example, during the oxidation of cyclohexanol, or continuously during the oxidation.  If desired, oxidation may be commenced at such a temperature and pressure that products capable of oxidation to, or acting as, oxygen carriers are formed and act as initiators in the oxidation of further alicyclic alcohol at the lower reaction temperature.  The amount of initiator may be about 0.1-10 per cent by weight of the reaction mixture.  The preferred initiator is cyclohexanone.  The process may be a batch or continuous one, the oxygen-containing gas being passed through a body of liquid or in counter- or co-current with the liquid through a tube or tower of acid-resisting material, such as stainless steel, aluminium or tantalum.  In examples: isobutyric acid and a mixture of Co, Cu and Mn acetates is heated to 110 or 115 DEG  C. in an autoclave, and air introduced to give a pressure of 150 lbs./sq. in.  Air is continuously bubbled through while gas is vented at the top, and cyclohexanone is first injected followed by cyclohexanol.  Air flow is continued until oxidation is complete.  Adipic acid is crystallized from the product, and cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone recovered from the product and the off-gas.  Specification 534,525 is referred to.
Patent GB-937091-A (GB)
Title: A fluid-flow control valve bank
Inventor: KREHBIEL ROBERT DONALD
IPC: F15B13/08
Filed: 1960-01-29
Abstract: 937,091. Valves. CESSNA AIRCRAFT CO. Jan. 29, 1960, No. 3301/60. Class 135. A valve bank comprises at least two control valves arranged in bank, the housings of the valves being provided with fluid pressure supply means extending through the bank to provide a continuous supply at least in certain positions of the valve spools, a through fluid return passageway and each valve housing is provided with a longitudinal transfer passage opening at each end into the. valve bore. Control valves 13, 14, 15, Fig. 1, are arranged in a bank and are provided with bores in which spools 19, 20, 21 reciprocate. Passages 31, 32, 33 connect grooves 46, 76, 107 in the bores to provide a continuous fluid supply passage through the bank, while passages 41, 42, 43 connect grooves 96, 80, 50 to form the return passage. A second fluid supply passage 34-39 is provided, this passage being continuous for certain positions of the spools, which is connected to the return passage by a passage 40 in an end plate 16. The separate valves are used to control single or double acting motors and Fig. 2 shows the valve 13 which controls a double acting motor. This valve is provided with motor ports 52, 53 and non-return valves 58, 59 are located between the motor ports and transmission ducts 62, 63 leading from grooves 45, 49. A longitudinal transfer passage 11 connects a groove 44 of the valve to the groove 50 which is part of the return passage. When the spool moves to the left, fluid pressure from the groove 48 flows through the duct 63, past valve 59 to the motor while the pressure in the duct 63 acts, at the same time, on a piston 64 to open the valve 58, whereby fluid flows from the motor port 52, duct 62, chambers 45, 44 and passage 11 to the return passage 50. When the valve is moved to the right, fluid pressure from groove 46 flows to the duct 62 and hence to the motor and acts also on piston 64 to open valve 59, thus allowing return flow from port 53 through chamber 49 to the return passage 50. In the case of a single-acting motor a valve shown in Fig. 2 may be used with one of the valves 58, 59 removed and the passage it controls plugged. When all the valves of the bank control double acting motors, only one of the supply passages need be provided through the bank. In a further modification, a valve for a single acting motor is supplied from the second supply passage, and the longitudinal transfer passage connects the motor port to a separate drain port.
Patent GB-1033023-A (GB)
Title: Chemical leavening agent
IPC: C01B25/45
Filed: 1963-01-28
Abstract: A sodium aluminium acid orthophosphate having an Na:Al:P ratio of 4:2:8 and an X-ray powder diagram with intense lines at 3.41, 3.66, and 7.85 <\>rA, is prepared by reacting stoichiometric amounts of NaOH or Na2CO3, Al oxide or hydroxide, and aqueous H3PO4 maintained between room temperature and its b.pt., and heating the viscous solution at 45-160 DEG  C. until a dry crystalline product is formed. The Na and Al compounds may be added separately (Na at 40-60 DEG  C. and Al at 90-120 DEG  C.) or together (preferably at 80-100 DEG  C.) to the H3PO4 (75% strength or below) in a reactor equipped with a paddle agitator; reacted for up to 30 minutes; and heated for 1/2 -3 hours; or a continuous process may be used.  The product is used as a leavening acid for cakes and biscuits.
Patent GB-438585-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture of cellulose ester and ether filaments, threads, films, foils and the like
IPC: D01F2/28
Filed: 1934-02-13
Abstract: Filaments, threads, films, and the like of cellulose acetate or other cellulose ester or ether are subjected to a stretching operation in the presence of dry steam under pressure at a temperature above 100 DEG  C.  Filaments, <PICT:0438585/IV/1> threads, films, and the like of a cellulose ester or ether (other than cellulose acetate), and ribbons, films, foils, and the like of cellulose acetate are subjected to a stretching operation in the presence of saturated or wet steam under pressure at a temperature above 100 DEG  C.  Steam temperatures specified are 110, 120 and 130 DEG  C. and these are used together with the appropriate pressure for the steam to be saturated or wet, e.g. 10, 20, 30 or more pounds per square inch. The stretching operation may be carried out on the materials during the course of their travel from one point to another, e.g. a number of threads in parallel alignment may be stretched while running from one creel of bobbins to another creel.  For stretching filaments, threads, and yarns, the apparatus described in Specification 438,584 may be used.  Apparatus for stretching ribbons, films, and foils comprises a steam chamber 4 provided with perforated steam pipes 11 and 12, a pressure gauge 10, relief valve 9, and a drain pipe 15. The ribbon 1 is drawn from a roll 2, passes through a pair of nip rollers 3, and thence into the steam chamber through a slit in the end plate 7.  The ribbon leaves the chamber through a slit in the opposite end plate 8, and passes through nip rollers 5 which stretch the ribbon and deliver it to a roll 6.  The stretched materials may be subjected to after-treatments, e.g. treatments to cause shrinkage and/or partial or substantially complete saponification.  In the case of stretching films and foils, the stretching may be longitudinal and/or lateral.  Specifications 177,868, 179,234, 316,521, 318,468, [all in Class 2 (ii)], 340,324, 340,325, 340,436, 340,437, 343,062, 370,430, 389,823, 400,597, 402,104, 402,105, 402,106, 403,106; 424,683, 424,752, 424,830, 424,879, [all in Group IX], 438,655 and 438,656 also are referred to.
Patent GB-1291699-A (GB)
Title: Improved ethylene dichloride purification
IPC: C07C67/00
Filed: 1970-01-26
Abstract: 1291699 Ethylene dichloride purification STAUFFER CHEMICAL CO 26 Jan 1970 [20 Feb 1969] 3629/70 Heading C2C Ethylene dichloride is separated from higherboiling chlorinated hydrocarbons by passing a liquid containing 10 to 90 mole per cent ethylene dichloride to a vaporization zone to separate a tar-free vapour stream containing ethylene dichloride, and passing this to a fractionation zone to separate an overhead fraction of purified ethylene dichloride from a bottoms fraction predominantly 1,1,2-trichloroethane. The process may form part of a vinyl chloride preparation process in which ethylene is chlorinated to produce predominantly ethylene dichloride, this is pyrolysed to produce vinyl chloride and hydrochloric acid, and the latter is then used to oxychlorinate ethylene to produce ethylene dichloride. The feed for the purification process of the invention is obtained from the first and/or third stages by a first distillation step to remove lower - boiling chlorohydrocarbon impurities, followed by a second distillation step to remove overhead purified ethylene dichloride and leave in the bottoms fraction a tar-containing fraction containing 10 to 90 mole per cent ethylene dichloride. In the process of the invention the fractionation zone preferably comprises a thinfilm evaporator, but heated stills are also disclosed. Purified ethylene dichloride may be recycled. The final bottoms fraction containing predominantly 1,1,2-trichloroethane may be used, optionally after treatment with sulphuric acid to remove bis-(2-chloroethyl)-ether, as a feed for a perchlorination process to produce carbon tetrachloride and perchloroethylene or for a dehydrochlorination process to produce vinylidene chloride.
Patent GB-472947-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to boxes for artists' colours
IPC: B44D3/04
Filed: 1937-02-08
Abstract: 472,947. Colour boxes. KILLIK, W. L., and WINSOR & NEWTON, Ltd. Feb. 8, 1937, No. 3706. [Class 11] In an artist's colour box in which a member for retaining the colour pans is arranged to be removable from the box, the pan-holding member is formed from two separable parts 4, 5, Figs. 1 and 4. The part 4 is formed from sheet-metal with downwardly bent side and end walls 9a, 9, Fig. 6, and side walls 7 for the colour wells. The walls 9 carry depres. sions 12 with which engage bosses on the ends of the box. The member 5 is formed as a trough, of the same or less length than the member 4, and provided with side flanges 15, which are gripped or engaged by bosses on the walls 9a. A ridge on the member 4 facilitates its removal. The bottom of the box, under the member 4, 5, is provided with colour mixing wells.
Patent GB-772592-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in potato planting machines
Inventor: HATER JOHANNES
IPC: A01C9/02
Filed: 1953-02-10
Abstract: 772,592. Potato planting machines. KLEINE, F., KLEINE, E., and KLEINE, L., [trading as KLEINE, F. [Firm of]]. Feb. 10, 1953, No. 3715/53. Class 6(1). In a potato planting machine of the kind comprising one or more inclined bucket conveyers 2 supplied with potatoes from a hopper 1, the potatoes are fed at the bottom of the conveyer leaving a substantial part of the upper run open to visual inspection and means are provided for controlling the downward passage of the potatoes. As shown, each conveyer comprises two or more adjacent rows of buckets each row being staggered relative to the adjacent row. On the downward run of the conveyer the buckets co-operate with an endless belt 3 moving at a slower speed than the conveyer and the potatoes fall into a power operated trap door that opens to deposit the potatoes into a shoot 7. The hopper is recessed to form a seat for an operator who fills any empty buckets by hand. Ground wheels in the machine frame may be steerable and locked in any position and may be controlled by a further operator mounted on a removable seat projecting from the side of the machine. Furrow openers and closers are provided.
Patent GB-983841-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to electrophotography
IPC: G03G13/22
Filed: 1960-02-02
Abstract: 983,841. Electrophotographic processes. U.C. SCHMIEDEL. May 2,1961 [Feb. 2, 1960], No. 3723/60. Heading G2H. An electrostatic latent image of a subject is formed on a material comprising an insulating layer by first image-wise irradiating a separate material comprising an uncharged layer which is so constituted that after termination of the exposure to the radiation a latent conductivity or polarization image remains in said layer, and then subsequently, after termination of said exposure, forming an electrostatic reproduction of said conductivity or polarization image on the material comprising said insulating layer, by disposing the said materials in face to face contact or in close proximity in the presence of an electric field. Both said materials may comprise either a self supporting layer or a layer on a support. The material comprising an insulating layer (the image receiving material) may for example be paper coated with an insulating substance. The material which is image-wise irradiated (the radiation-sensitive material) may comprise a photoconductive substance alone or in combination with either a compound capable of dissociating in light (a so-called photolytic substance) or a non-photoconductive insulating binder. Examples of suitable photoconductive substances (organic polymeric substances) and photolytic substances (diazonium salts, diazo type salts and various halogenated compounds such as iodoform, 1- chloroanthraquinone) are given in Specification 984, 872. Zinc cadmium sulphide phosphors are also referred to as photoconductive substances. The electric field may be applied by passing the two said materials together between metal electrodes (e.g. rollers) connected to a source of D.C. supply or by corona discharge to the rear of the image-receiving material. The electrostatic latent image may be developed by any of the known processes (preferably using powder developers). Contrast in the developed image may be varied by varying the applied electric field. Multiple copies may be obtained from a single exposure of the radiation-sensitive material by repeating the step involving applying the electric field. In a specific example, the radiation-sensitive material comprises baryta coated paper further coated with butyraldehyde acetal of polyvinyl alcohol (a photoconducting polymer) and a diazotype salt (structural formula given in the Specification). The image-receiving material comprises plain paper coated with a terpolymer of vinylchloride, vinyl acetate and maleic anhydride. Specifications 658,699, 755,486, 772,873, 898,354, 947,479, U.S.A. Specifications 2,297,691, 2,357,809 and 2,845,348 also are referred to.
Patent GB-268092-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to folding window guides for motor cars and other vehicles
IPC: B60J1/08
Filed: 1926-02-09
Abstract: 268,092. Beaten &. Son, Ltd., G., and Johnstone, W. E. H. Feb. 9, 1926. Windscreens. - In order to compensate for wear and ensure in the erected condition the correct vertical positioning of a folding window guide B of a vehicle, the guide is provided with an extension or tail-piece b<1> which is adapted to co-operate with an adjustable member on the vehicle body or supporting bracket A. In the arrangement shown, the guide B is substantially in the form of a bellcrank lever, while the upper edge b<2> of the tailpiece b<1> is inclined or curved and adapted to abut against the head of a stud E adjustable in an horizontal slot D in the bracket A, the extent of the movement of the guide about its pivot C being determined by the point of contact between the stud and tail-piece.
Patent GB-675196-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to thermionic valves
IPC: H01J23/06
Filed: 1949-02-10
Abstract: 675,196. Electron discharge apparatus. M-O VALVE CO., Ltd., and WARREN, G. W. Feb. 6, 1950 [Feb. 10, 1949], No. 3744/49. Class 39 (i). A thermionic valve of the type using a substantially rectilinear beam of electrons, such as a velocity modulation tube or a travelling-wave tube, includes a cathode, an anode, and an auxiliary electrode which extends from the vicinity of the cathode towards the anode and through the interior of which electrons can pass from the cathode to the anode, the auxiliary electrode alone or the auxiliary electrode and a further electrode surrounding it being so formed that with a unidirectional potential positive to the cathode applied to the auxiliary electrode and/or the further electrode, the electric field within the interior of the auxiliary electrode is such that under space charge limited conditions the electrons passing through the interior are maintained in a substantially rectilinear beam. It is shown mathematically that a sufficient condition to meet this requirement is that the potential in the interior of the auxiliary electrode should vary as x <SP>4</SP>/ 3 , where x is the distance from the cathode along the axis. This may be achieved by making the resistance per unit length of the auxiliary electrode vary as x <SP>1</SP>/ 3 , either by varying the cross-section of a tubular member or by using a coil with a pitch proportional to x - 1/ 3'  and passing a current through it. Another method is to use an equipotential coil as the auxiliary electrode and surround it with a hollow open-ended conducting member; the coil may be the helix of a travelling-wave tube and it is shown mathematically that the pitch of the coil, its radius, the radius of its wire, the radius of the conducting member, and the potentials of the two electrodes may be so arranged as to give a rectilinear beam and to satisfy the requirements of the helix of a travelling-wave tube.
Patent GB-130660-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the Manufacture of Acetic Anhydride.
Inventor: DREYFUS HENRY
Filed: 1918-03-04
Abstract: 130,660. Dreyfus, H. March 4, 1918. Acetic anhydride. - The production of acetic anhydride by the reaction of sulphur trioxide upon sodium acetate or other acetates, alone or diluted with acetic anhydride, is effected by using gaseous sulphur trioxide diluted with inert gases, such as the gaseous mixture produced in the contact process of manufacturing sulphur trioxide, and working at low temperatures (0 to -20‹ C. or lower). Specification 17920/15 is referred to.
Patent GB-882813-A (GB)
Title: 3-substituted-3-pyrrolidinols
IPC: C07D207/12
Filed: 1960-02-03
Abstract: The invention comprises compounds of the formula <FORM:0882813/IV (b)/1> (wherein R1 is hydrogen or C1-7 alkyl, R3 is phenyl, benzyl or phenyl substituted by C1-7 alkyl, C1-7 alkoxy, halogen, benzyloxy or hydroxy, and R2 and R4 are independently hydrogen or C1-7 alkyl, phenyl, (C1-7 alkoxy)-phenyl or halophenyl, at least one of R2 and R4 being other than hydrogen) and acid addition salts thereof, and the preparation thereof by reduction with an alkali metal aluminium hydrate (when R1= alkyl) or alkaline hydrolysis (when R1=H) of a compound of the formula <FORM:0882813/IV (b)/2> (wherein R5 represents an alkyl group of up to 6 carbon atoms in the former case and up to 7 carbon atoms in the latter case, or an alkoxy group of up to 7 carbon atoms in either case). Compounds in which R3 is hydroxyphenyl may be prepared by hydrogenolysis of compounds in which R3 is benzyloxyphenyl.  3 - Benzyl - 1 - carbethoxy - 2 - methyl - 3 - pyrrolidinol is prepared by treating 1-carbethoxy-2-methyl-3-pyrrolidinone with benzylmagnesium bromide. Specification 873,303 is referred to.ALSO:Pharmaceutical compositions containing compounds of the formula <FORM:0882813/VI/1> (wherein R1 is hydrogen or C1-7 alkyl, R3 is phenyl, benzyl or phenyl substituted by C1-7 alkyl, C1-7 alkoxy, halogen, benzyloxy or hydroxy, and R2 and R4 are independently hydrogen or C1-7 alkyl, phenyl, C1-7 alkoxy phenyl or halophenyl, at least one of R2 and R4 being other than hydrogen), or acid addition salts thereof, may be in the form of tablets, wafers, powders, capsules, elixirs and suspensions.  Acid addition salts include hydrohalides, sulphates, phosphates, acetates, citrates, succinates, tartrates and benzoates.
Patent GB-413595-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in crushing machines, particularly for coal, coke and the like
IPC: B02C1/12
Filed: 1934-02-06
Abstract: 413,595. Reciprocating picks. LOZAI, A., LERCIU, A., and LEMOINE, R., 10, Route d'OrlÚans, Petit Quevilly, near Rouen, France. Feb. 6, 1934, No. 3839. Convention date, Sept. 13, 1933. [Class 59.] A crushing-machine for coal &c. comprises a series of multiple-pick-carrying rams of variable stroke and speed, carrying differently spaced picks, the rams being disposed above a jigging feed and screening table having, in register with the rams, plain or perforated crushing plates, and, between the latter, removable screens replaceable by screens of different mesh. As shown reciprocating heads 1-4 carrying picks of decreasing pitch split the coal against plates 13-16, which may be perforated. The plates are separated by sieves 17-19 which are replaced by others of different mesh according to the size of coal required. The coal is fed down a sieve 20 onto the plates 13 and is passed by a jigging motion over the plates and screens of the successive picks. The jigging motion is obtained by mounting the plates and screens on a frame 27, which also forms a receptacle for the broken coal, by levers 21<a> pivoted to the frame and reciprocated by a connecting rod 23<a> mounted on a shaft 22 driven by a pulley 25 connected by a belt to a pulley 26 on the shaft of the last reciprocating pick. The shafts of the reciprocating picks are connected to each other by belts the speeds of the shafts being progressively increased. The bearings of each shaft are mounted on plates held down by springs 30<a> so that the shaft and pick may rise when an uncrushable object is struck by the picks. A plate 31<b> over each bearing is connected by wires 33 to a wire 34 connected to a spring urged bolt 36 engaging a notch in a belt shifting bar 38. When one of the bearings rises the bolt is released and the belt thrown onto the loose pulley. Specification 258,225, [Class 59], is referred to.
Patent GB-1034472-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in patterned woven fabrics
IPC: D03D11/00
Filed: 1963-01-30
Abstract: A fabric having a patterned area completely surrounded by a plain border is woven with warp and weft of the plain colour and additional warp or weft or both of the patterning colour.  The fabric may have plies of the two colours, interconnected only where the colours interchange or at more frequent intervals.  If the pattern is provided by only one set of extra threads (warp or weft), the threads may float on the underside of the fabric in the plain border and be subsequently cut off, or they may be interwoven with the fabric at intervals.
Patent GB-1199400-A (GB)
Title: Hydraulic Power Transmission System.
Inventor: CORNWALL HARRY JACK
IPC: F16H41/04
Filed: 1967-07-31
Abstract: 1,199,400. Hydrostatic transmissions. CONSERV Inc. 31 July, 1967, No. 3907/70. Divided out of 1,195, 849. Heading F2C. In a hydrostatic transmission in which the axial spacing of the pump and motor units is adjustable, as described in Specification 1,195,849, the motor unit consists of a series of discs with radial spoke portions 122 and interconnected by members 126 connected to an angularly adjustable control ring 120a by which the spoke portions 122 can be set to form helical vanes of variable pitch.