Patent GB-790897-A (GB)
Title: Ion retardation method of separating solutes
IPC: B01J43/00
Filed: 1956-06-29
Abstract: Composite ion exchange resins comprising at least two molecularly entangled ion exchange resins at least one of which is insoluble are prepared by polymerizing a liquid monomeric material, such as vinylidene compounds with or without plasticizers &c., having some groups or radicals that are ionizable absorbed in an insoluble cross-linked polymer, containing ionizable groups, in dry or wet condition.  The cross-linked polymers may be copolymers of a major part of monoalkenyl aromatic hydrocarbons and a minor part of polyvinyl aromatic hydrocarbons.  The polymer absorbs the monomeric material, any surplus being removed by washing &c. before the polymer is heated, while immersed in an inert liquid, to 40-100 DEG  C. or more to polymerize the absorbed monomeric material, preferably in an inert atmosphere.  In some instances the monomeric materials may polymerize to form cross-linked insoluble resins.  When the newly polymerized resin is one soluble in water, the part of it not trapped in the insoluble resin may be washed off.  The Specification contains a list of suitable resin ingredients, which is identical with those enumerated in Specification 795,624.ALSO:A method of separating at least two solutes, including an ionizable solute, from one another comprises contacting an amphoteric ion exchange agent with an aqueous starting solution of the solutes to cause at least one ionizable portion of the solutes to be absorbed from the solutions by the agent, removing the resultant aqueous liquor from contact with the agent, washing the agent with an aqueous liquor initially free of the ions absorbed by the agent whereby ions chemically absorbed by the agent are extracted therefrom to regenerate it, and separating the aqueous extract from the regenerated agent.  The process may be repeated continuously and successive fractions of the effluent liquor be taken, these fractions showing first a preponderance of one solute and then of other, e.g., first sucrose and then an alkali chloride or first glycine and then ammonium chloride or first sodium hydroxide and then sodium chloride or lithium chloride first and then calcium chloride or initially ferrous sulphate with zinc sulphate succeeding it.  The amphoteric ion exchange agent may comprise granules of an insoluble composite body made up of two or more intimately associated resins, one containing cation and the other anion exchange groups. For example, polyacrylic acid may be associated with an insoluble cross linked copolymer of styrene, ethylvinylbenzene and divinylbenzene having as nuclear substituents either tetramethyl-ammonium radicals, -CH2(CH3)3N+ or trimethyl, ethanol-ammonium radicals, -CH2(CH3)2 N(CH2 CH2OH)+; or polyvinylbenzene sulphonic acid with a derivative thereof; poly [vinylbenzyl trimethylammonium hydroxide] with an insoluble cross-linked sulphonated copolymer of divinyl toluene, ethylvinylbenzene and divinylbenzene.  In the result, the soluble ionizable resin is rendered insoluble as it is absorbed by the insoluble resin and the unabsorbed part may be washed away without appreciably affecting the absorbed part.