Patent GB-802589-A (GB)
Title: Compounded hydrocarbon fuels
IPC: C08F18/12
Filed: 1956-03-22
Abstract: A liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition contains 0.0005 to 1 per cent by weight of a copolymer of (A) at least one compound containing an ethylenic linkage and 8 to 30 aliphatic carbon atoms, and (B) at least one a ,b -unsaturated dicarboxylic acid or anhydride in which not more than 90 per cent of the available carboxyl groups of (B) are combined as esters, amides, imides or amine salts.  The ratio of (A) to (B) is within the range of 1 to 15.  The component (A) may be an olefin hydrocarbon such as polyisobutylene, dodecene-1, cyclohexene, 4-octylcyclohexene-1, vinylcyclohexane, p-octylstyrene and p-t-butylstyrene; an olefinic ether such as vinyl n-butyl ether, vinyl 2-ethylhexyl ether, vinyl p-octylphenyl ether, allyl cyclohexyl ether, allyl isobutyl ether, methallyl n-hexyl ether and methallyl octadecyl ether; or an olefinic ester such as vinyl oleate, vinyl palmitate, allyl laurate, allyl stearate, allyl ricinoleate, allyl naphthenate, methallyl caproate, methallyl palmitate, crotyl oleate, crotyl naphthenate, a -methylcrotyl palmitate, dodecyl acrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate decyl vinylacetate, octadecyl isocrotonate, didodecyl maleate, di-2-ethylhexyl fumarate, p - hexadecylphenyl - 2 - ethylhexyl maleate, and didodecyl citraconate.  Component (B) may be an a ,b -unsaturated dicarboxylic acid or anhydride containing from 4 to 12 carbon atoms in the molecule, and may have the formula <FORM:0802589/III/1> where R2 and R3 are hydrogen or alkyl radicals and G is oxygen or two OH groups. Component (B) may be maleic acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, fumaric acid, or mesaconic acid, or their anhydrides.  Up to 90 per cent of the carboxyl groups of component (B), including dehydrated carboxyl groups in the acid anhydrides, may have been reacted, before or after polymerization, to form esters, amine or ammonium salts, amides or imides.  The esters may be formed from monohydric alcohols, glycols, glycerols, pentaerythritols, sorbitans, polyalkylene glycols and their condensation products, or ethylene oxide condensation products with fatty amines, fatty acids, and fatty acid amides.  The amines which are used may be primary, secondary and tertiary aliphatic, aromatic, or alicyclic amines, polyamines, amino acids, amino alcohols, amino phenols, polyalkylene polyamines, glyoxalidines and imidazolines.  The fuel oil may be a gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel, gas oil, diesel oil, or burner or furnace oil.  Polymers described in examples are copolymers of allyl stearate with maleic anhydride, dodecyl methacrylate with maleic anhydride, and ternary copolymers of dodecyl methacrylate and allyl stearate or methallyl stearate with maleic anhydride; some of the copolymers are partially esterified with tallow alcohols, stearyl and oleyl alcohols, polyethylene glycols, n-dodecyl alcohol, abietyl alcohol propanol, and with a fatty acid amide substituted with polyoxyethylene groups; some of the copolymers are partially aminated or amidized with di - n - butylamine, 3 - b  - hydroxyethyl - 2 - heptadecenyl - 1 - imidazoline, n - octadecylamine, tertiary octylamine, p-hydroxy aniline, furfuryl amine, a diamine derived from tallow, a tertiary amine having stearyl and polyoxyethylene groups, and a mixture of C16 and C18 secondary fatty amines.  The compositions may also contain 8-hydroxy quinoline, N,N1-disalicylidene-1,2-propane diamine, and dipolypropylbenzyl-N-methyl taurine.