Patent GB-504614-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the thermal splitting of carbonaceous materials
IPC: C10G49/00
Filed: 1937-08-23
Abstract: 504,614. Cracking and refining, oils; catalytic agents. JOHNSON, G. W. (I. G. Farbenindustrie. Akt.-Ges.) Aug. 23, 1937, Nos. 23093/37, 9237/38, 9747/38 and 14981/38. [Classes 1 (i), 32, and 91] In the production of hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon oils by cracking, hydrogenation, refining or desulphurization of carbonaceous material in the presence of catalysts, the catalysts comprise products obtained by mixing a solution of one or more salts of elements of the 3rd and 4th groups of the periodic system, capable of forming mineral gels, with one 'or more metal salts, preferably in solution, pre- .cipitating the gel and separating and drying it by heat. In a modification, the metal salts or solutions are mixed with the precipitated gel while still moist. The gel may be precipitated by standing, by heating or by the use of precipitants. Precipitants for the metal radicle of the salt may also be added, preferably after the gel precipitant. The catalyst may be prepared in the presence of bleaching earths, bauxite, &c. and may be mixed with carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite or lignite small coke, shaped and heated to about 500- 600‹ C. Boric acid may be added. In cracking and hydrogenation processes formation of gaseous products may be reduced by employing the salt of a trivalent metal, e.g ferric chloride, and dissolving out the metal compound. The catalysts may be used for cracking mineral oils, tars, extraction products, solid carbonaceous products, cracked products, destructive . hydrogenation products of coal, tars, mineral oils or wood, or oils and oil fraction produced synthetically from carbon monoxide and hydrogen ; cracking being carried out between 300-700‹ C. at ordinary, reduced or increased pressure, e.g. 10-200 atmospheres, if desired in the presence of gases such as hydrogen, steam, nitrogen or oxides of carbon; also for hydrogenation under pressure, e.g. 400-800 atmospheres, preferably with a catalyst containing silica and alumina together with metals, e.g. magnesium, iron, cobalt, nickel, tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, manganese, vanadium or uranium, or their compounds. The efficiency of the catalysts may be restored by heat treatment with oxidizing gases. Examples are given of the treatment of middle oils at 460‹ and atmospheric pressure with catalysts comprising (1) precipitated silica pasted with aluminium nitrate or (2) worked up with a solution of aluminium nitrate before filtering &c., and, further (4) with an addition of boric acid, (3) and (8) a gel precipitated from mixed solutions of acidified waterglass and aluminiuin nitrate; the treatment of hydrocarbons from the reaction of hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a catalyst (5) prepared similarly to (2) but with magnesium chloride, and (6) obtained by adding ferric chloride, solution to a dilute waterglass solution followed by removal of iron from the dried precipitate by washing with hydrochloric acid, and (7) hydrogenation of a petroleum middle oil at 410‹ C.,. under a pressure of 600 atmospheres, by means of a catalyst precipitated from mixed solutions of waterglass, aluminium' nitrate, ferric chloride and magnesium chloride.