baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent HK-1039570-B (HK)
Title: Contulakin-g, analogs thereof and uses therefor
Inventor: A GREY CRAIG
IPC: C12N15/09
Filed: 2002-02-15
Abstract: The present invention is directed to contulakin-G (which is the native glycosylated peptide), a des-glycosylated contulakin-G (termed Thr<SUB>10</SUB>-contulakin-G), and derivatives thereof, to a cDNA clone encoding a precursor of this mature peptide and to a precursor peptide. The invention is further directed to the use of this peptide as a therapeutic for anti-seizure, anti-inflammatory, anti-shock, anti-thrombus, hypotensive, analgesia, anti-psychotic, Parkinson's disease, gastrointestinal disorders, depressive states, cognitive dysfunction, anxiety, tardive dyskinesia, drug dependency, panic attack, mania, irritable bowel syndrome, diarrhea, ulcer, GI tumors, Tourette's syndrome, Huntington's chorea, vascular leakage, anti-arteriosclerosis, vascular and vasodilation disorders, as well as neurological, neuropharmalogical and neuropsychopharmacological disorders.
Patent HK-1048956-B (HK)
Title: Porous drug matrices and methods of manufacture thereof
Inventor: DONALD E CHICKERING III
IPC: A61K9/02
Filed: 2003-02-20
Abstract: Drugs, especially low aqueous solubility drugs, are provided in a porous matrix form, preferably microparticles, which enhances dissolution of the drug in aqueous media. The drug matrices preferably are made using a process that includes (i) dissolving a drug, preferably a drug having low aqueous solubility, in a volatile solvent to form a drug solution, (ii) combining at least one pore forming agent with the drug solution to form an emulsion, suspension, or second solutions, and (iii) removing the volatile solvent and pore forming agent from the emulsion, suspension, or second solution to yield the porous matrix of drug. The pore forming agent can be either a volatile liquid that is immiscible with the drug solvent or a volatile solid compound, preferably a volatile salt. In a preferred embodiment, spray drying is used to remove the solvents and the pore forming agent. The resulting porous matrix has a faster rate of dissolution following administration to a patient, as compared to non-porous matrix forms of the drug. In a preferred embodiment, microparticles of the porous drug matrix are reconstituted with an aqueous medium and administered parenterally, or processed using standard techniques into tablets or capsules for oral admisnistration. Paclitaxel or docetaxel can be provided in a porous matrix form, which allows the drug to be formulated without solubilizing agents and administered as a bolus. rocessed using standard techniques into tablets or capsules for oral administration. Paclitaxel or docetaxel can be provided in a porous matrix form, which allows the drug to be formulated without solubilizing agents and administered as a bolus.
Patent HK-1052320-B (HK)
Title: Method and device for producing a printing block
Inventor: JOSEF JUFFINGER
IPC: B41C1/05
Filed: 2003-07-02
Abstract: A relief pattern is produced in the surface (2) of a polymeric type form preform by material removal from the surface. Material is burnt away by irradiation along paths. Different depths of relief area(A,B,C) are produced along the same path by repeated irradiation along the path. An Independent claim is made for the process equipment which has a laser for irradiating a surface (2) of the preform (1) and a laser control unit. Data files contain commands for switching laser beams on and off along a path and each file allows time-displaced operation of beams.
Patent HU-184449-B (HU)
Inventor: BOKODI LASZLO
IPC: A01B49/00
Filed: 1977-09-26
Abstract: A javaslat szerinti eszközhordozó keret vontatott
egytengelyes eszközhordozó keretként (1) van kialakítva,
amelynek a felső keretsíkból kinyúló, a műtrágyázó
(13) vagy a vegyszerező illetve folyékony műtrágyázó
(14) csatlakozóelemeivel kapcsolódásba hozható
emelőkúpja (11) és tájolótüskéi (12), továbbá a
szárzúzó (19) illetve a magágykészítő (21) felfogására
alkalmas mellső négycsuklós függesztőszerkezete (2,
3, 4, 5), továbbá a lazító-mélyműtrágyázó (20) illetve
a vetőgép (22) felfogására való hátsó háromcsuklós
függesztőszerkezete (6, 7, 8) van.
Patent IT-1249124-B (IT)
Title: Dual-function coffee machine capable of dispensing both espresso coffee and filter coffee, for industrial and domestic use
Inventor: BONANNO SERGIO
IPC: A47J/
Filed: 1991-01-15
Granted: 1995-02-11
Abstract: The machine basically comprises a pump 3 connected to a boiler 4, to which an additional pipe is in turn connected. The machine is completed by a control system 7 which controls the flow of water into the boiler. By actuating a switch, the user sets the coffee machine to one mode whereby the solenoid valve 13 is closed and the pressurized water pumped by the pump 3 flows out of the cup-shaped element 15, dispensing very strong coffee. By switching the machine to coffee-filter mode, the control system 2 is activated, the solenoid valve 13 is opened and the water, superheated by the heating elements which are operated by the control system 2, no longer flows out from the cup-shaped element 15 but from the diffuser 9, while the control system 2 adjusts the pump so that the boiler 4 does not run dry. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1247031-B (IT)
Title: Process for forming a picture on a stainless steel product.
Inventor: CHEN KUO CHANG
IPC: B41C/
Filed: 1991-06-25
Granted: 1994-12-12
Abstract: A process for forming a picture on a stainless steel product by first drawing a picture on a sheet of paper and generating a first film of the picture such that the area containing the picture is white and the remaining area black. Next, generate a second film of the picture based on the first film, such that the area in which the figure is located consists of a plurality of black dots and the area different from the black dots is white. After this, apply to the second film a silk screen coated with sensitizers and expose a second film in such a way that the picture on the second film is copied onto the silk screen, and rinse the screen. After this, place the screen on a stainless steel plate and brush on a protective film of anti-etch material over the whole area of the silk screen. Next, remove the screen and immerse the stainless steel plate in reagents for a certain period of time. Finally, treat the stainless steel plate etched by the reagent so as to form a desired product. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1251148-B (IT)
Inventor: TASSI LAMBERTO
IPC: B65B9/067
Filed: 1991-08-05
Granted: 1995-05-04
Abstract: An apparatus for sealing a continuous web of packaging paper or like material with adhesive material in a packaging machine for editorial graphic products, comprising a frame containing a first conveyor for conveying the paper web, unwound from a roll by an unwinding unit, and with the front end of which there are associated, externally, a second conveyor for feeding editorial graphic products to be packaged and, internally, means for folding the web for superimposing its longitudinal edges, there being provided downstream of the sealing apparatus an element for transversely cutting individual finished packages which have been sealed. In a region between the roll and the folding means there is provided an element for dispensing adhesive material in a direction transverse to the web, the dispensing element being operated by means which sense the arrival of each product. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1254915-B (IT)
Inventor: CRISTALLI GLORIA
IPC: C07H19/16
Filed: 1992-04-24
Granted: 1995-10-11
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/EP93/00972 Sec. 371 Date Jan. 30, 1995 Sec. 102(e) Date Jan. 30, 1995 PCT Filed Apr. 21, 1993 PCT Pub. No. WO93/22328 PCT Pub. Date Nov. 11, 1993Adenosine A2 agonists of the formula   <IMAGE>   wherein R is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl or phenylalkyl; R1 is selected from the group consisting of a) optionally substituted phenyl or naphthyl; b) -(CH2)m-Het wherein m is 0-3 and Het is a 5 or 6 membered heterocyclic aromatic or non-aromatic ring, optionally benzocondensed; c) cycloalkyl optionally containing unsaturations or alkenyl; andhyl or phenyl; R5 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or phenylalkyl; or R2 and R5 form a 5 or 6-membered carbocyclic ring; or R5 is hydrogen and R2 and R4 form an oxo group or a corresponding acetalic derivative; R4 is OH, NH2, dialkylamino, halogen or cyano; and R3 is alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl or benzyl; provided that when R is different from hydrogen or when R is hydrogen and R3 is phenyl or benzyl, R1 can also be alkyl, useful in the treatment of cardiovascular pathologies and nervous system diseases, a process for the preparation thereof and pharmaceutical compositions containing them are disclosed.
Patent IT-1255453-B (IT)
Title: Machine for inserting studs or nails in contoured panels, especially for making seat and back surfaces of chairs or the like
IPC: B27F/
Filed: 1992-07-01
Granted: 1995-10-31
Abstract: The present invention refers to a machine for the insertion of studs or nails in contoured panels, especially for making the backs of chairs or the like. The machine comprises a main structure which supports a frame that can move on command along two axes lying in the same plane and perpendicular to each other and which can be translated along a third axis perpendicular to said plane. The frame is provided with means for locking a panel to be studded or nailed in position, essentially parallel to said plane. The machine is provided with a stud- or nail-inserting head which has a direction of insertion essentially perpendicular to the aforesaid plane and which is opposite a fixed stop. The panel can be positioned by moving the frame along the two coplanar axes, between the head and the stop, with its upper surface facing the head, and the frame can move parallel to the third axis following the movement of the lower surface of the panel against the stop during the displacement of the frame along the aforesaid two coplanar axes to perform the positioning of the zone intended to receive the stud or the nail at the head, and for the inserting of the stud or nail in a direction essentially perpendicular to the aforesaid plane, regardless of the profile of the panel. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1255436-B (IT)
Title: Automatic machine for the processing of parallelepiped elements
IPC: B28D/
Filed: 1992-07-17
Granted: 1995-10-31
Abstract: For the processing of parallelepiped elements or blocks, especially blocks of marble or stone material which need to be drilled, an automatic machine is provided in which the blocks, arranged edgewise on a conveyor belt, are brought up against a stopping and support surface, on which two grabbing arms arrange to grip them and transfer them into a position orthogonal to the axis of a drill spindle, said blocks being held in said drilling position by a fork-type element, while the grabbing arms return to the position for picking up a new block, after which a third arm integrated with the mounting bracket of said two grabbing arms arranges to push the finished block into a third position in which an elbow lever-type mechanism arranges to straighten the block and make it advance onto a collection and unloading surface. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1256361-B (IT)
Title: Guarnizione per contenitori,in particolare del tipo normalmente utilizzato in una cucina per l'immagazzinamento di alimenti
IPC: B65D43/10
Filed: 1992-09-03
Granted: 1995-12-01
Abstract: E' descritta una guarnizione per un contenitore avente un orlo anulare diretto verso l'esterno. La guarnizione include un pannello superiore con una sezione o porzione centrale e una sezione o porzione a leva anulare unita integralmente alla sezione centrale mediante una cerniera attiva. Una parete laterale si estende integralmente della periferia esterna della sezione a leva e include una concavità diretta verso l'interno per ricevere il bordo dell'orlo. Una convessità contigua al di sotto della concavità consente montaggio a scatto della guarnizione sull'orlo del contenitore e un mantello verticale al di sotto della convessità fornisce una guida per montare la guarnizione. Una nervatura di fulcro si estende dalla superficie inferiore della sezione a leva ed impegna l'orlo del contenitore su un avvallamento del pannello superiore in corrispondenza della cerniera per far oscillare la parete laterale in allontanamento dall'orlo. Aperture di sfiato sono previste attraverso sia la nervatura di fulcro che la convessità per mantenere flusso d'aria di rilascio di pressione quando la guarnizione viene montata e rimossa.
Patent IT-1269457-B (IT)
Title: Forno periodico
Inventor: MOSER ALFRED
IPC: F27D5/00
Filed: 1994-01-21
Granted: 1997-04-01
Abstract: L'invenzione riguarda un forno operante periodicamente (discontinuativamente) per la cottura di pezzi, in particolare astiformi.
Patent IT-1274009-B (IT)
Title: Hydroisoquinoline derivatives
Inventor: DONDIO GIULIO
IPC: C07D/
Filed: 1994-02-04
Granted: 1997-07-14
Abstract: Hydroisoquinoline derivatives of general formula I <IMAGE> and a process for their preparation and use as active ingredients having analgesic, immunomodulating and cardiovascular activity are described.
Patent IT-1273757-B (IT)
Title: Unita' di trasmissione di potenza comandabile per autoveicoli con due assali azionati
Inventor: KARL FRIEDRICH
IPC: B60K17/346
Filed: 1994-02-11
Granted: 1997-07-10
Abstract: Una unità di trasmissione di potenza per un autoveicolo con un assale azionato direttamente e con un assale azionato indirettamente attraverso l'unità di trasmissione di potenza, contiene un rotismo epicicloidale (9) ed un elemento di frenatura (10). Il rotismo epicicloidale (9) è costituito di un portasatelliti (5) collegato con un albero di azionamento (3) oppure con un albero condotto (16), di una corona dentata interna (12) collegata con un albero condotto (16) oppure con un albero azionato (3), e di una ruota planetaria (7). L'elemento di frenatura (10) agisce tra parti rotanti da un lato con la ruota planetaria (7) e, dall'altro lato, con la corona dentata interna (12). Per consentire un comando della distribuzione della coppia sino al completo disaccoppiamento anche in un tempo molto breve, la coppia di frenatura esercitata dall'elemento di
Patent IT-1269772-B (IT)
Title: Piastra di stiratura di un ferro da stiro elettrico
Inventor: ZINSBERGER ALFONS
IPC: D06F75/38
Filed: 1994-05-13
Granted: 1997-04-15
Abstract: In un ferro da stiro avente una piastra su cui è fissato un gruppo di riscaldamento estendentesi su una grande zona centrale della superficie, a stretto contatto con essa, la quale piastra presenta uno strato superiore di metallo buon conduttore termico e uno strato inferiore di materiale resistente all'usura, si propone che lo strato inferiore della piastra sia realizzato in acciaio inossidabile e che sia unito in maniera indissolubile allo strato di metallo buon conduttore termico a formare un materiale composito, mentre il gruppo di riscaldamento è fissato, nelle sue zone marginali, alla piastra. L'effetto bimetallico della piastra che agisce nella fase di riscaldamento, provoca un contatto a grande superficie e particolarmente buono, della piastra con il gruppo di riscaldamento. Di preferenza, la piastra è costituita da una lamiera composita in cui lo strato di alluminio è unito metallicamente, mediante laminazione, allo strato di acciaio inossidabile. Si ottiene così una piastra di stiratura facile da pulire e resistente all'usura, con una buona trasmissione di calore verso la piastra.(Figura 1).
Patent IT-1270155-B (IT)
Title: Sistema per la purificazione di gas di scarico
Inventor: YAMAMOTO ISAO
IPC: F23J15/04
Filed: 1994-06-02
Granted: 1997-04-29
Abstract: Sistema per la purificazione di gas di scarico, comprendente una pluralità di camere in linea, almeno un ugello di eiezione di un fluido, una porzione di compressione per alimentare un fluido attraverso un passaggio, un serbatoio per il fluido, collegato a detta porzione di compressione tramite un primo passaggio, un raccoglitore in detta camera, un serbatoio per il fluido, collegato a detta porzione di raccolta, una porzione di estrazione, disposta in una parte intermedia del passaggio di raccolta del fluido e un prodotto separato da un gas di scarico, da parte del fluido proveniente dall'ugello, detto serbatoio e detta porzione di compressione essendo collegati fra loro, attraverso un secondo passaggio e mezzi di controllo comunicanti con detto ugello, con detta porzione di compressione e con detta porzione di estrazione dopo la raccolta e in grado di operare un controllo per la purificazione dei gas di scarico.
Patent IT-1262092-B (IT)
Title: Electrostimulator device
Inventor: MACRIPO' GIULIANO
IPC: A61N/
Filed: 1993-03-24
Granted: 1996-06-19
Abstract: Electrostimulator device capable of toning and strengthening muscle masses through the direct application of low voltage electrical discharges through at least two application plates 14 comprising means for the generation, processing and modulation 19 of electrical pulses, having means 13-113-213 for detecting the heart rate serving the emitter source 19 of the electrical pulses to generate pulses which are substantially synchronized with the heart rate. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1253768-B (IT)
IPC: E05F15/12
Filed: 1991-08-28
Granted: 1995-08-23
Abstract: A door which can be automatically opened and closed can have an additional releasable connection for allowing the door panels to be manually opened by disengaging the door panels from the device for automatically opening and closing the doors. In particular, two-panel doors which execute a combined sliding and rotational motion around a vertical axis of rotation during the closing and opening motion can be configured with such a device to make it possible to use the doors in evacuation and emergency routes, i.e. routes in which a manual force can be applied from inside to open the door panels. Further, so that the door does not remain open, there can also preferably be switches or circuits in the construction which indicate that a manual opening of the door panels has occurred, in which case an electronic signal can be generated to place the drive device in motion, to thereby automatically restore the connection between the door panels and the drive system.
Patent PT-100381-B (PT)
Inventor: JAKUBICKI GARY JOSEPH
IPC: A61K8/34
Filed: 1992-04-13
Abstract: An aqueous liquid detergent composition for handwashing soiled dishware includes specific narrow classes and amounts of magnesium or sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate surfactant, alkyl ether sulfate surfactant, C12-C16 alkyl polyglucoside and alkanolamide foam stabilizer. A higher alkyl sulfosuccinate or sulfosuccinate, optionally ethoxylated, anionic surfactant may also be present. The compositions are capable of generating a stable foam and are effective in cleaning greasy soils with acceptable mildness for the consumer and with good rinseability.
Patent PT-103257-B (PT)
Title: Método de produção subcrítica de xerogéis e aerogéis monolíticos híbridos de sílica e látex modificado com grupos alcoxissilano
Inventor: MARTINHO JOSE MANUEL GASPAR
IPC: C01B33/152
Filed: 2005-04-05
Abstract: DESCREVE-SE UM MÉTODO DE PRODUÇÃO SUBCRITICA DE XEROGÉIS E AEROGÉIS MONOLÍTICOS HÍBRIDOS DE SÍLICA/LÁTEX. OS ALCOGÉÍS HÍBRIDOS SÃO SINTETIZADOS A DOIS PASSOS, COM CATÁLISE ÁCIDA/BÁSICA DAS REACÇÕES DE HIDRÓLISE/POLÍCONDENSAÇÃO DE UM ALCÓXIDO DE SÍLICIO COM EXCESSO DE ÁGUA, NUM MEIO ORGÂNICO.UM LÁTEX DE POLIBUTIL-METACRILATO/POLIBUTIL-ACRILATO, MODIFICADO COM GRUPOS ALCOXISSÍLANO, É SINTETIZADO E INCORPORADO NA MISTURA, QUER NO PRIMEIRO PASSO, PARA CO-HIDRÓLISE COM O ALCÓXIDO DE SÍLICIO, QUER NO SEGUNDO, PARA CO-CONDENSAÇÃO COM A SÍLICA COLOIDAL PRÉ-HIDROLISADA. OS ALCOGÉIS SÃO ENVELHECIDOS, LAVADOS E SECOS EM CONDIÇÕES SUBCRITICAS. OBTÊM-SE HÍBRIDOS CONTENDO 0,1 A 50% EM MASSA DE LÁTEX, COM DENSIDADES ENTRE 300 E 1300 KG.M-3, POROSIDADES ENTRE 40 E 85%, ÁREAS SUPERFICIAIS ENTRE 400 E 900 M2G-1 E DIÂMETROS MÉDIOS DE PORO ENTRE 2 E 12 NM. OS MATERIAIS SÃO ESTÁVEIS À HUMIDADE ATMOSFÉRICA, APRESENTAM PROPRIEDADES MECÂNICAS MELHORADAS RELATIVAMENTE AOS INORGÂNICOS CORRESPONDENTES E PODEM SER UTILIZADOS COMO ISOLANTES TÉRMICOS, ACÚSTICOS E ELÉCTRICOS.
Patent PT-103852-B (PT)
Title: Método de cromismo
Inventor: BAPTISTA CARLOS ALBERTO PINHEIRO
IPC: C09D11/037
Filed: 2007-10-19
Abstract: A PRESENTE INVENÇÃO CONSISTE NA CONVERSÃO DE LACTONAS DE TRIFENILMETANOS ENTRE O SEU ESTADO LEUCO E CORADO PELA INTERACÇÃO COM IÕES DE FERRO, QUE INDUZEM A ABERTURA DO ANEL LACTONA CONDUZINDO À FORMAÇÃO DE UMA ESPÉCIE CORADA. FOI CRIADO UM NOVO MÉTODO BASEADO NAS INTERACÇÕES IONOCRÓMICAS REVELADORAS DE CORANTES LEUCO DA FAMÍLIA DAS LACTONAS DE TRIFENILMETANOS COM FE(III), QUE SÃO INIBIDAS QUANDO SE ALTERA O ESTADO DE OXIDAÇÃO PARA FE(II). PELO CONTROLE DO ESTADO DE OXIDAÇÃO DO FERRO É POSSÍVEL MODELAR A COR DO SISTEMA, TORNANDO-O PASSÍVEL DE SER INCORPORADO EM DISPOSITIVOS ELECTROCRÓMICOS REVERSÍVEIS (E.G. JANELAS INTELIGENTES, ECRÃS ELECTROCRÓMICOS, PAPEL ELECTRÓNICO, VESTUÁRIO INTELIGENTE) E EM SISTEMAS NÃO ADULTERÁVEIS PARA APLICAÇÕES DE SEGURANÇA.
Patent PT-115139-B (PT)
Title: Equipamento para descarga vertical de efluentes gasosos e drenagem de águas pluviais
Inventor: IGOR KOZAK
IPC: F23J13/08
Filed: 2018-11-07
Abstract: A PRESENTE INVENÇÃO REFERE-SE A UM EQUIPAMENTO PARA DESCARGA VERTICAL DE EFLUENTES GASOSOS E PARA SEPARAÇÃO E DRENAGEM DE ÁGUA PLUVIAL, ACOPLÁVEL AO CANAL DE VENTILAÇÃO OU DE EXTRAÇÃO DE FUMOS (1) DE UMA CHAMINÉ, QUE COMPREENDE UMA CONDUTA (2), DENTRO DA QUAL SE ENCONTRAM DISPOSTAS UMA PLURALIDADE DE LÂMINAS (3) CONCÊNTRICAS, COLOCADAS EM POSIÇÃO OBLÍQUA, QUE ENCAIXAM A TODO O COMPRIMENTO DAS RANHURAS EXISTENTES NA PAREDE DA CONDUTA (2). AS LÂMINAS INCORPORAM UMA CALHA DE RECOLHA (4) PARA RECOLHA DAS ÁGUAS PLUVIAIS E UMA CALHA ORIENTADORA (9) PARA DIRECIONAR A ÁGUA RECOLHIDA PARA A CALHA DE RECOLHA (4). ESTA ÁGUA É DRENADA PARA O EXTERIOR ATRAVÉS DAS ABERTURAS DE DRENAGEM (5). O FLUXO DE EFLUENTES GASOSOS QUE VEM DO CANAL DE VENTILAÇÃO OU DE EXTRAÇÃO DE FUMOS (1) PASSA LIVREMENTE ENTRE AS LÂMINAS (3) E É DESCARREGADO NO VERTICAL PARA ATMOSFERA ATRAVÉS ABERTURA PARA DESCARGA (6) QUE É PROTEGIDA COM UMA REDE METÁLICA (7).
Patent RO-83320-B (RO)
Inventor: OTTER GERRIT JAN DEN
IPC: C10G45/64
Filed: 1981-08-22
Abstract: Inventia se refera la un procedeu de preparare a catalizatorilor de izomerizare a normal parafinelor care consta din amestecarea unui material amorf constituit în mod substantial din unul sau mai multi oxizi de metale din grupele II, III si IV pe care s-a depus unul sau mai multe metale nobile din grupa VII cu mordenita care a fost tratata cu o solutie preparata prin încorporarea ionilor de potasiu si/sau sodiu într-o solutie acida apoasa cu o normalitate de cel putin 0,5 si cel mult 3,0 într-ocantitate care experimentata în g/l este cel putin de 10 ori mai mare decît normalitatea solutiei acide apoase, dupa care mordenita se trateaza cu o solutie apoasa a unui compus de amoniu, supunînd amestecul obtinut formarii sub presiune înalta.
Patent TW-197422-B (TW)
IPC: A61K/
Filed: 1991-08-13
Granted: 1993-01-01
Abstract: The present invention involves certain 4-amino-6-substituted-tetrahydrobenz [cd] indoles and their use in treating disorders which can be benefited by modifying 5-HT A receptor function.
Patent TW-224429-B (TW)
IPC: C07D401/00
Filed: 1992-07-07
Granted: 1994-06-01
Abstract: The invention relates to compositions for oral administration containing pantoprazole which consist of a core, of an intermediate layer and of an enteric outer layer.