baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent NO-167890-B (NO)
Inventor: HANSEN KJELL
IPC: G09F9/30
Filed: 1987-11-20
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/NO87/00018 Sec. 371 Date Nov. 23, 1987 Sec. 102(e) Date Nov. 23, 1987 PCT Filed Mar. 10, 1987 PCT Pub. No. WO87/06046 PCT Pub. Date Oct. 8, 1987.Display panel for image presentation and/or recording, comprising a matrix formed of a horizontal (1A-D) and a vertical (33A-E) element set respectively, adapted to be addressed for selecting points that shall present, alternatively pick up light, one of these element sets acting as shutter means (33A-E) for light. The other element set consists of optical light conductors (1A-D) adapted to receive (39A-D), alternatively to emit (40A-D) light at their ends located outside the matrix itself. The light conductors, which can be in the form of optical fibres, are provided with means (2A-D) positioned at said points for diverting light out of, alternatively into the light conductors (1A-D) transverse to their longitudinal direction. This transverse light directly forms the image presented, alternatively directly represents the image recorded, by addressing of both element sets (1A-D, 33A-E). This form of display panel has various practical applications, for example in television sets, data terminals, in particular two-way television and two-way data terminals, which can both present an image and perform recording of a picture or scene.
Patent NO-171179-B (NO)
Inventor: COENRAETS BENOIT JACQUES
IPC: E06B9/82
Filed: 1987-12-18
Abstract: A device having a shutter windable around a spindle and especially adapted to close a bay or other opening by the unwinding of the shutter, the same having flexible side edges which project beyond the shutter plane and which are retained with reduced friction in substantially continuous guideways during the unwinding and winding up of the shutter, that shutter edges may disengage from their guideways when subjected to a predetermined pull transversely to guideway. Each guideway has near and upstream of the shutter spindle an access passage through which the projecting edge of any shutter which has disengaged from the guideway can re-engage, as the shutter winds around its spindle, in that part of the particular guideway concerned which is disposed beyond the passage.
Patent NO-173501-B (NO)
Inventor: FUJIKAWA YOSHIHIRO
IPC: A61K31/435
Filed: 1989-12-21
Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the formula: <CHEM>  where Y is -CH2-, -CH2CH2-, -CH=CH-, -CH2-CH=CH-, -CH=CH-CH2-, -C(CH3)=CH- or -CH=C(CH3); Z is -Q-CH2WCH2-CO2R<1><2>, <CHEM> (wherein Q is -C(O)-, -C(OR<1><3>)2- or -CH(OH)-; W is -C(O)-, -C(OR<1><3>)2- or -C(R<1><1>)(OH)-; and their pharmaceutical uses as anti-hyperlipidemic, hypolipoproteinemic and anti-atherosclerotic agents.
Patent NO-174387-B (NO)
Inventor: DUBROEUCQ MARIE-CHRISTINE
IPC: A61P29/00
Filed: 1990-11-22
Abstract: New isoindolone derivatives of general formula (I) in which the radicals R are hydrogen atoms or, together, form a bond, the symbols R' are phenyl radicals which may be substituted with a halogen atom or a methyl radical at position 2 or 3, X is an oxygen or sulphur atom or a radical N-R3, R3 being H, alkyl, optionally substituted, or dialkylamino, R1 is phenyl, optionally substituted, cyclohexadienyl, naphthyl or heterocyclic, R2 is H, halogen, OH, alkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, alkyloxy, alkylthio, acyloxy, carboxy, alkyloxycarbonyl, optionally substituted, benzyloxycarbonyl, amino or acylamino, in their (3aR,7aR) forms or in the (3aRS,7aRS) form or mixtures thereof, where appropriate their salts where they exist and their preparation. 
<??>The new derivatives according to the invention are especially advantageous as substance P antagonists. 
<IMAGE>
Patent NO-177904-B (NO)
Inventor: WITT DONALD REINHOLD
IPC: C08F10/00
Filed: 1991-05-13
Abstract: An improved supported chromium oxide catalyst, a process for preparing the catalyst and a process for polymerizing olefin monomers utilizing the catalyst are provided. In accordance with the preparation process, chromium oxide and a support containing one or more of silica, titania, thoria, alumina, zirconia or aluminophosphates are combined, impregnated with a metal salt and activated. The metal salt is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts and mixtures thereof.
Patent RS-49649-B (RS)
Inventor: VIEGENER WALTER
IPC: F16L13/14
Filed: 2000-07-15
Abstract: Priključak ili okov za izradu presovanog spoja sa umetnutim krajem cevi, naročito za spoj sa cevi (6) sa završetkom (2), koja radi obrazovanja spoja može da se presuje i ima jedno prstenasto proširenje (3) u koje je postavljen zaptivni prsten (7), naznačen time, što je na proširenju (3) izvedeno bar jedno ispupčenje (8, 8’). Prijava sadrži još 1 nezavisan i 4 zavisna patentna zahteva.
Patent ZA-821084-B (ZA)
Title: A method for producing lining panels which can be removably attached to a surface
Inventor: ROHRINGER ERNST
IPC: B29C65/08
Filed: 1982-02-18
Abstract: A method of producing large area lining panels (1) composed of thermoplastic material which are used as pouring forms and linings for concrete vessels. On the face of the lining panels (1) that contacts the concrete there are arranged in rows a plurality of affixing knobs (2) also made of thermoplastic material which have a circular or polygonal cross-section with conically inclined surface portions. A plurality of the affixing knobs (2) are simultaneously placed on the lining panel (1) and joined to it by ultrasonic, vibratory or rotational welding. The placing and welding of the affixing knobs (2) singly or simultaneously in groups at a predetermined distance from each other is effected in a continuous succession.
Patent ZA-829431-B (ZA)
Title: Stable oil-in-walter dispersions
Inventor: CURTIS RALSTON
IPC: A01N25/04
Filed: 1982-12-22
Abstract: Oil-in-water dispersions containing polyvinyl alcohol, surfactant and a salt with improved freeze-thaw and elevated temperature storage stability.
Patent ZA-841300-B (ZA)
Title: Universal advancement deflector for impact irrigators
Inventor: DRECHSEL ARNO
IPC: B05B3/06
Filed: 1984-02-22
Abstract: @ A universal advancement deflector for impact irrigators, comprising a cylindrical surface portion (15) pivoted about an axis (11) external to its barycentre, and urged towards the irrigation jet so that it becomes inserted therein with one of its edges and its longitudinal axis disposed respectively tangentially and orthogonally to said jet, so that it inclines in orderto provide a reaction component which causes itto emerge from the jet; the load which the surface (15) presents to the jet and its rocking range being adjustable.
Patent ZA-843976-B (ZA)
Title: Process for the preparation of optically-active carbazole derivatives,new r-and s-carbazole derivatives and pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds
Inventor: LEINERT HERBERT
IPC: C07D401/12
Filed: 1984-05-25
Abstract: A process for the preparation of S- or R-carbazole derivatives of the general formula:   <IMAGE>   in which R is an unsubstituted or substituted amino radical and pharmacologically acceptable salts, by either reacting R-(-)-epichlorohydrin (for the S-carbazole derivative); or reacting an S-epoxide derivative of the general formula:   <IMAGE>   in which R1 is the residue of a substituted sulphonic acid derivative (for the R-carbazole derivative); with 4-hydroxycarbazole and then with ammonia or a substituted amine of the general formula RH, and recovering the compound or converting it to a pharmacologically acceptable salt. The new R-(+)- and S-(-)-carbozole derivatives provided by the inventive process have unexpected beta blocking and vasodilatory properties and are useful in pharmaceutical compositions. R-(+)-carbazole derivatives are also useful for the treatment of glaucoma.
Patent ZA-844776-B (ZA)
Title: Aryl and heteroaryl(7-(aryl and heteroaryl)pyrazolo-(1,5-a)pyrimidin-3-yl)-methanones
Inventor: DUSZA JOHN PAUL
IPC: A61P25/20
Filed: 1984-06-22
Abstract: Aryl and heteroaryl [7-(aryl and heteroaryl)-pyrazolo[1,5-a[pyrimidin-3-yl]methanones which are new compounds active as anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative-hypnotic and skeletal muscle relaxant agents in mammals and the novel process of making these compounds.
Patent ZA-847171-B (ZA)
Title: Clamping device
Inventor: MEINDL BERND
IPC: B61B12/06
Filed: 1984-09-12
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/AT84/00031 Sec. 371 Date May 14, 1985 Sec. 102(e) Date May 14, 1985 PCT Filed Sep. 19, 1984 PCT Pub. No. WO85/01257 PCT Pub. Date Mar. 28, 1985.Device for continuously controlling the clamping force in monocable ropeways, comprising a test spring which acts against the pressure spring and which is arranged with the latter-mentioned in the pressure mechanism. A signal and/or stop device is responsive to a deformation of the test spring when a predetermined threshold magnitude of deformation has been exceeded.
Patent ZA-867531-B (ZA)
Title: Continuous business forms
Inventor: DOSSHE BERNARD
IPC: B42D5/02
Filed: 1986-10-02
Abstract: This invention is concerned with a continuous assembly 1 of self mailer web parts secured together by heat seal adhesive 7, 8 in which a part of the assembly to receive a personal identification number 11 has attached to it a patch 12 of self copy paper with the sensitive coating side of the self copy paper towards the form assembly and the other side of the patch bearing masking printing.
Patent ZA-871023-B (ZA)
Title: Fluorescent polymers
Inventor: RHUM DAVID
IPC: G01N33/533
Filed: 1987-02-12
Abstract: A stable, rapid-response fluorescent polymeric indicator for the determination of the concentration of a dissolved substance in an aqueous medium comprises an organic polymer having a plurality of fluorescent organic substituents, which may be the same or different, covalently bonded to said polymer through ester or amide linkages. The sensor comprises an optical fiber having bonded to one end thereof such a polymer.
Patent ZA-875316-B (ZA)
Title: Tetrakis(3,5-di-tert.butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionyl-oxymethyl)methane with amorphous structure,process for its preparation and its use as a stabilizer
IPC: C07C51/42
Filed: 1987-07-20
Abstract: Tetrakis[3-(3,5-di-tert.butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionyl-oxymethyl]met hane with amorphous structure, with glass transition temperature Tg comprised within the range of from about 40 DEG C to 50 DEG C and free from endothermic melting peaks at temperatures higher than 50 DEG C and of up to 200 DEG C is obtained by means of the melting of crystalline tetrakis[3-(3,5-di-tert.butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionyl-oxymethyl]met hane and sudden cooling of the molten material.
Patent ZA-876581-B (ZA)
Title: Compounds
Inventor: IFE ROBERT JOHN
IPC: C07D215/42
Filed: 1987-09-03
Abstract: Compounds of structure (I) <CHEM> in which R<1> is hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkoxylC1-6alkyl, C3-6cycloalkyl, C3-6cycloalkylC1-6alkyl, phenyl, phenylC1-6alkyl, the phenyl groups being optionally substituted; R<2> is C1-6alkyl, C3-6cycloalkyl, C3-6cycloalkyl-C1-6alkyl, phenyl, phenylC1-6alkyl or phenyl substituted by 1-3 radicals selected from C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkoxy, amino C1-6alkylthio, halogen, cyano, hydroxy, carbamoyl, carboxy, C1-6alkanoyl, trifluoromethyl and nitro; R<3> is C1-6alkyl, phenyl, C1-6alkoxy, C1-6alkylthio, C1-6alkanoyl, amino, C1-6alkylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, halogen, trifluoromethyl or cyano; and n is 0, 1 or 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use in therapy for the inhibition of gastric acid secretion.
Patent ZA-886363-B (ZA)
Title: Curable compositions
Inventor: ANSELL CHRISTOPHER WILSON GUY
IPC: A61L15/58
Filed: 1988-08-26
Abstract: A radiation curable composition for an adhesive includes a polyurethane, for example a polyurethane comprising residues of a polyether diol or a polyester diol, capped with residues of a hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylate and non-polymerisable residues of a primary or secondary alcohol. The compositions may be cured to form a pressure sensitive adhesive and can be employed to produce adhesive dressings by coating a suitable substrate with the composition and thereafter curing the coated composition by, for example, electron beam or ultra violet irradiation.
Patent ZA-898532-B (ZA)
Title: A method of thermo-forming a novel metal matrix composite body and products produced therefrom
Inventor: BURKE JOHN THOMAS
IPC: B22F3/24
Filed: 1989-11-09
Abstract: The present invention relates to the formation of a metal matrix composite body by a spontaneous infiltration technique and thereafter thermo-forming the produced metal matrix composite body. Particularly, an infiltration enhancer and/or an infiltration enhancer precursor and/or an infiltrating atmosphere are in communication with a filler material (2) or a preform, at least at some point during the process, which permits molten matrix metal to spontaneously infiltrate the filler material (2) or preform. After formation of the metal matrix composite body, the body is subjected to a thermo-forming technique such as rolling, extruding, die casting, pressing, etc.
Patent ZA-907013-B (ZA)
Title: Diagnostic method
Inventor: SMITH JOHN CRAIG
IPC: C12Q1/6883
Filed: 1990-09-03
Abstract: Yeast artificial chromosomes comprising the cystic fibrosis gene. Probes, primers and kits for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis.
Patent ZA-924879-B (ZA)
Title: A temperature-resistant black pigment,a process for its production and its use
Inventor: KUSKE PETER
IPC: C01G49/00
Filed: 1992-07-01
Abstract: The invention relates to a thermally stable black pigment, comprising a mixed oxide of manganese and iron having the crystal structure of haematite, a process for the preparation of the pigment and the use thereof.
Patent ZA-927268-B (ZA)
Title: Ultra-hard abrasive particles.
Inventor: DYER HENRY BROOKE
IPC: C09K3/14
Filed: 1992-09-23
Abstract: A synthetic diamond or cubic boron nitride particle is characterised by containing two or more stable isotopes of an element present in a ratio which is different to the ratio in which the isotopes exist in nature. The diamond or cubic boron nitride particle thus has a fingerprint. A preferred example of the element is nitrogen.
Patent ZA-928300-B (ZA)
Title: 2-ethyl 1h-Imidazo(4,5-c)quinolin-4-amines.
Inventor: GERSTER JOHN FRANKLIN
IPC: C07D471/04
Filed: 1992-10-27
Abstract: 2-Ethyl 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amines, which are active as immunomodulators and antiviral agents, and intermediates in the preparation of such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and pharmacological methods of use.
Patent ZA-938822-B (ZA)
Title: Block brake for rail vehicles
Inventor: KOEHLER GUENTER
IPC: B61H13/24
Filed: 1993-11-25
Abstract: Rail vehicles have a brake linkage being acted on by a brake cylinder for acting on at least one wheel set of a bogie, truck or running gear of the rail vehicle through brake blocks having brake block shoes and brake block shoe inserts. A block brake for rail vehicles should be economical and be constructed in such a way that higher braking capacities can be achieved, that damage to the tires of the wheels of the wheel set is avoided and that wheel noise of the wheel sets is minimized. The block brake includes at least one rotationally symmetrical brake body being fixedly disposed on a wheel set shaft of the wheel set between the wheel discs of the wheel set. The acted-on brake block rests on an outer surface of the brake body.
Patent ZA-941410-B (ZA)
Title: Process for the preparation of 6-alkyl-4-(pyridin-3-Yl-methyleneamino)-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-3 (2H)-one
Inventor: PITTERNA THOMAS
IPC: A01N43/707
Filed: 1994-03-01
Abstract: A process for the preparation of 6-alkyl-4-(pyridin-3-yl-methyleneamino)-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-3(2H )-one by the reaction of 4-amino-6-alkyl-3-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazine with 3-cyanopyridine wherein the reaction is carried out under catalytic hydrogenation conditions in the presence of a Raney-nickel catalyst in an aqueous alcoholic medium, at a temperature between 0 and 70 DEG C, at a pH of between 2 and 7, and in the presence of and a C1-C6-carboxylic acid or a C1-C6-carboxylic acid alkali metal salt or both, whereby the hydrogen pressure is between 0.1 and 10 bar.
Patent ZA-949134-B (ZA)
Title: Casting steel strip
Inventor: MAHAPATRA RAMA BALLAV
IPC: B22D11/06
Filed: 1994-11-17
Abstract: Method of continuously casting metal strip (20) from a casting pool of molten metal supported on chilled casting rolls (16) such that metal solidifies onto moving casting surfaces of the rolls. The metal is austenitic stainless steel containing chromium and nickel in a ratio (Cr/Ni)eq of less than 1.60 (preferably no greater than 1.55) and the casting surface of each roll has an Arithmetical Mean Roughness Value (Ra) of more than 2.5 microns (preferably in the range 2.5 to 15 microns).
Patent ZA-957948-B (ZA)
Title: Process for the polymerization of olefins
Inventor: BIAN JIANG
IPC: C08F10/00
Filed: 1995-09-20
Abstract: Olefins are polymerised in contact with a catalyst system contg. (a) a solid catalytic complex based on Mg, a transition metal and a halogen obtd. by (i) reacting (I) an oxygenated organo-Mg cpd. or a halogenated Mg cpd. with (II) an oxygenated organic cpd. or a halogenated cpd. of a transition metal of Gp. IVB or VB, to give a liq. complex, and (ii) pptg. the complex by means of a cpd. of formula AlRnX3-n, to recover a solid catalytic complex, (b) an organo-metal cpd. of Gps. IA, IIA, IIB, IIIA or IVA, and (c) an electron donor used after stage (i). R = hydrocarbon gp.; X = halogen; n = less than 3.
Patent ZA-959927-B (ZA)
Title: Substituted 3-arylidene-7-azaoxindole compounds and process for their preparation
Inventor: BUZZETTI FRANCO
IPC: C07D519/00
Filed: 1995-11-22
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/EP95/04247 Sec. 371 Date Jul. 9, 1996 Sec. 102(e) Date Jul. 9, 1996 PCT Filed Oct. 30, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO96/16964 PCT Pub. Date Jun. 6, 1996The present invention relates to compound of formula (I)    <IMAGE>  (I)  wherein A is benzene, naphthalene, 5,6,7,8,-tetrahydronaphthalene, quinoline, isoquinoline, indole or 7-azaindole; R1 is -H, -CN, -SO3R4-, -SO2NHR5,   <IMAGE>    -COOR6, -CONHCH2(CHOH)nCH2OH,   <IMAGE>    -NR7R8, -N(CH2CH2OH)2, -NHCH2(CHOH)nCH2OH, -NHCONH2, -NH-C(NH2)=NH, -NHCO(CHOH)nCH2OH,   <IMAGE>    -NHSO2R9, -OR10, -OCH2(CHOH)nCH2OH, -OOC(CHOH)nCH2OH, -OPO(OH)2, -CH2NH2, -C(NH2)=NH, -CH2NHC(NH2)=NH,   <IMAGE>    -CH2OH, -CH2OOC(CHOH)nCH2OH, -CH2OPO(OH)2 or -PO(OH)2; R2 is C1-C6 alkyl, halogen, or hydroxy; R3 is -H or C1-C6 alkyl; R4 is -H, C1-C6 alkyl or -CH2(CHOH)nCH2OH; R5 is -H, C1-C6 alkyl, -CH2(CHOH)nCH2OH or -(CH2)mNMe2; R6 is -H, C1-C6 alkyl or -CH2(CHOH)nCH2OH; each of R7 and R8 independently is -H or C1-C6 alkyl; R9 is methyl or tolyl; R10 is -H, C1-C6 alkyl, or C2-C6 alkanoyl; Z is >CH2, >O, >NH, or >NCH2CH2OH; n is zero or 1; m is 2 or 3; p is 1, 2 or 3; q is zero, 1 or 2; and the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use as tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Patent ZA-971522-B (ZA)
Title: Methods and instruments for interbody fusion.
Inventor: ZDEBLICK THOMAS A
IPC: A61F2/28
Filed: 1997-02-21
Abstract: A laparoscopic surgical technique is provided for preparing a site for implantation of a fusion device or implant. In accordance with one embodiment of the technique, a laparoscope (170) is provided having an outer sleeve (171) with distraction fingers (173) at one end to distract the disc space (D). The laparoscope (170) includes a laparoscopic port (180) at its opposite end through which instruments and implants are inserted. The laparoscope (170) provides a sealed working channel to the disc space through which the disc space is distracted, the vertebral endplates and surrounding disc is reamed, and the fusion device inserted. The laparoscope (170) is alternately engaged within bilateral locations in the disc space for insertion of a pair of fusion implants (10). A switching sleeve (191) extends through the laparoscope (170) to protect the tissue at the surgical site as the laparoscope (170) is moved between the bilateral fusion loctions. <IMAGE>
Patent ZA-975173-B (ZA)
Title: Process for the preparation of 5-bromo-2-fluoro-benzeneboronic acid
Inventor: BARNES KEITH DOUGLAS
IPC: C07C43/29
Filed: 1997-06-11
Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of 5-bromo-2-fluorobenzeneboronic acid, which is useful as an intermediate in the preparation of a non-ester pyrethroid compound. The compound can be, for example, a fluoroolefin, which is useful as a pesticide.
Patent GB-2373368-B (GB)
Title: Light emitting devices
Inventor: WANG WANG NANG
IPC: H01L25/075
Filed: 2001-03-12
Granted: 2004-10-27
Abstract: A light emitting device provides a light emitting diode 6 comprising a light emitting layer, which produces non-white light, and a sapphire substrate interposed between the light emitting layer and a light conversion layer 5 to convert light emitted by the LED into apparently white-light. The light emitting layer may comprise GaN, InGaAs or GaAlN emitting blue or UV light, and the conversion layer may contain a scattering medium and a fluorescent material containing one or more phosphors. A reflector such as a diffuser, scatter plate, lens or mirror may be placed above or below the LED, and an optical mechanical device such as a lens array or binary optics device may be included between the conversion layer and the reflector.
Patent GB-2381254-B (GB)
Title: Packaging apparatus
Inventor: FREEMANTLE TONY
IPC: B65B5/02
Filed: 2003-03-10
Granted: 2004-01-14
Abstract: The invention relates to the formation of packages of the type used typically for pre-cooked meals. The package comprises a tray (4) enclosed at least partially by a card sleeve (6) having top (8) and bottom (10) faces and two opposing side walls (12,14). The forming apparatus includes a series of forming tools (30) mounted for movement at spaced intervals and each provided for the reception of a sleeve in a blank flattened form. As the sleeve is introduced into the forming tool (30) the sleeve is moved to the erected condition, the tray (4) is inserted in the erected sleeve (6) and the formed package (2) removed from the forming tool. <IMAGE>
Patent GB-2404822-B (GB)
Title: Method and arrangement for noise variance and sir estimation
Inventor: JONES ALAN EDWARD
IPC: H04B17/00
Filed: 2003-08-07
Granted: 2007-07-11
Abstract: A method and arrangement (300) for noise variance and SIR estimation in a UTRAN Node B (122) or User Equipment (118) estimates the SIR ( SIR  (1)  ...  SIR  ( K ) ) at the output of a detector (310) by using an estimate (Ã  2 ) of the detector input noise variance to provide an estimate       Ã  ^   z  2       of the detector output noise variance. The detector input noise variance is derived from a midamble portion (220) in the received signal. By deriving the transfer function of the detector an estimate of the detector output noise variance is estimated. The estimated output noise variance then allows an improved estimate of the SIR ( SIR  (1)  ...  SIR  ( K ) ) at the detected output.  The accuracy of this technique is not poor at low SIR, since it does not suffer from a bias term, nor does it require correction therefor using a look-up table. Also, any increase in estimation variance resulting from bias correction may be avoided.
Patent GB-2396056-B (GB)
Title: Surface mount IC stacking method and device
Inventor: LOW CHAU CHIN
IPC: H01L21/98
Filed: 1999-10-26
Granted: 2004-08-11
Abstract: Packaged surface mount (SMT) chips having matched top contacts and bottom contacts are stacked. Chip features are selected to provide the desired connectivity between chip layers with a greater ease of manufacture. In one embodiment, additional spacing and routing layers are optionally provided between layers. In another, chips are differentiated by optionally providing different conductor and/or nonvolatile cell configurations. In yet another, a minority of a substrate's contacts are configured for aligning with a dielectric region of a spacing layer or substrate to create very low capacitance signal paths between stacked chips.