Patent GB-190429051-A (GB)
Title: An Improved Cinematographic Process and Mechanisms for effecting same.
Inventor: HAINES ROBERT THORN
IPC: G03B21/40
Filed: 1904-12-30
Granted: 1905-12-21
Abstract: 29,051. Haines, R. T. Dec. 30. Kinematographs. -With the object of obviating the fluctuation of light, and of minimizing the vibration and also the indistinctness due to spots &c., two or more vertical projecting-lenses j, Fig. 2, are used, and these are arranged to throw images on coincident positions on the screen. The pictures are arranged on a film i, Fig. 1, in two rows, the right hand row beingg formed of the odd members of a series, and the left-hand row being formed of the even mem bers of a series, so that after the first picture is projected from the opening g, the second picture is projected from the opening g<1>. These openings may be formed in an adjustable plate. The film passes through hinged spring gates g<2>, g<3>, and is guided by projections k on the plate a', Fig. 2. While the first picture is being projected from the aperture g, the second aperture g<1> is closed by a shutter n', attached to a revolving shaft n. The aperture g<1> is in turn closed by a similar revolving shutter e<3> on a shaft e. The shafts e, n are operated by a toothed wheel d<2>, driven by gearwheels from a handle c<1>, and are so arranged that, while the one aperture is being closed, the other is opened to a similar extent; thus, as the first picture on the screen is being cut off, the second picture appears, and the equivalent of a complete picture is always formed on the screen. The film is moved towards the aperture g by pins f on an arm f<1>, which engage holes in the film. The shutters may be provided with adjustable segmental plates, to adapt them to various sizes of screens, and two shutters of graduated transparency may be used in place of opaque shutters. The shutters mav reciprocate instead of rotating continuously. The arm f is attached to a frame f provided with trunnions f<2> which slide in bearings f<3> The frame f is oscillated by a cam e<2> on the shaft e, the cam being arranged so that the frame f remains at rest for a part of the revolution of the shaft. The cam e<2> is provided with a projection which acts on an inclined surface f<6> of the frame, and rocks it to move the pins f<4> in and out of engagement with the film, and is so arranged that the arm moves the film in the downward direction only. The lower part of the film is moved in a similar manner by an arm m<4> of the sliding frame m<3> similar to the frame f. Instead of a fixed arm f<1> on a rocking frame being used, the arm f<1> may be pivoted to the frame and be rocked by a cam revolving with the cam e<2>. The cam e<2> may be replaced by an eccentric. The film i is formed into a loop, as shown in Fig. 2, so that the movements produced by the arms f m<4> take place independently, and these movements are so regulated that the part of the film which is projected is at rest. The film moves at half the speed it would move if the pictures were arranged in one row, thus diminishing vibration. The arrangements are also adapted to allow of larger pictures than those usually employed, and thus to diminish the size of the spots. An ordinary duplex lantern system is used in conjunction with the lenses j. The lenses may be arranged horizontally, and a multiplex system of lenses and films may be used in place of the duplex system described. Instead of a film i with the pictures arranged in two rows as described, two films may be used. The double film i is prepared from a single negative by means of the printing-machine shown in Figs. 4 and 5. The negative film u and a positive film v of double width are guided through gates w, x arranged in a dark box provided with a shutter s. Both films are moved by mechanism similar to that used to move the film i. The positive film is moved by a projecting arm of a frame operated by a cam on a vertical shaft o, and the negative film is moved by a frame r, twice the size of the first frame, so that the negative film is moved twice as far as the positive film for each revolution of the shaft o. When the films are at rest, a cam x<1> operated by gearing from the shaft o forces the gate x up, so that the two films come into contact. At this time, the shutter s has revolved to such a position that an aperture in it is above the gate w, and a picture is printed on the positive film. The process is repeated, and at each revolution of the shaft o a picture is printed. Only the alternate pictures are printed, owing to the negative film travelling twice as fast as the positive. The other series of alternating pictures is similarly printed on the lower half of the positive film.