Patent GB-732444-A (GB)
Title: Aqueous emulsions suitable as metal-working lubricants
IPC: C09K23/22
Filed: 1952-03-26
Abstract: An emulsion suitable for use as a metal-working lubricant, contains, dispersed in a continuous water phase, a viscous hydrocarbon having a viscosity of at least 300 cs. at 210 DEG  F., an emulsifier and an extreme pressure agent.  The hydrocarbon may be a distillate or residual petroleum fraction, a residual mineral oil, lubricating oil extracts, a bitumen blown or unblown, or a synthetic hydrocarbon such as an olefin polymer, for example polybutenes, polyethylenes, copolymers of olefins and iso-olefins such as copolymers of propylene and isobutylene.  Emulsifiers referred to are cationic surface-active agents such as salts of high molecular weight amines and organic or inorganic acids, condensation products of fatty acids and alkylolamines, aliphatic amides and esters of high molecular weight fatty acids and alkylolamines; specified compounds are rosin amine butyrate, dodecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, octadecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, octadecylamine phosphate, cetyldimethyl-ethylammonium bromide, octadecyldimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, the stearamide of diethylenetriamine, octadecylamine acetate, propionate or chloride, tetradecylamine acetate, oleylamine acetate, hexadecylamine acetate or butyrate, N-octadecyl piperidinium acetate, octadecylcyclohexylamine acetate, octadecylamine naphthenate and octadecylamine petroleum sulphonate. The extreme pressure agent is a compound containing sulphur, phosphorus and/or halogen, such as halohydrocarbon compounds, organo-phosphorus compounds, e.g. organo-thiophosphates and phosphonates, halo - organo - phosphonates and the amides thereof, sulphurized hydrocarbons, sulphurized fats, sulphurized fatty acids such as oleic acid, and sulphurized esters; compounds specified are dibutyl trichloromethanephosphonate, monobutyl trichloromethanephosphonate, monoisopropyl trichloromethanephosphonate, the di-(2-ethylhexyl) amine salt or the octadecylamine salt of monobutyl trichloromethane phosphonate, the amide derived from monobutyl trichloromethane phosphonic acid and octadecylamine, trichloromethanephosphonic acid, monobutyl trichloromethanephosphinate, monononyl trichloromethanethiophosphonate, tri-(chloroethyl) phosphite, tributyl phosphate, tributyl thiophosphate, tricyclohexyl thiophosphate, tri-(chloroethyl) thiophosphite, tricresyl phosphate, chlorinated paraffin wax, and the compositions known under the Registered Trade Marks "Anglamol" and "Parapoid".  A non-abrasive mineral filler may also be present in the composition; examples are chalk, lithopone, white lead, zinc oxide, barium sulphate, zinc sulphate, zinc sulphide, talc, mica, colloidal clays such as bentonites and kaolin, tungsten and molybdenum mono- and disulphides, lead oxide and silver sulphate. Ditertiary butyl hydroquinone may also be added as an anti-oxidant.  The bitumen referred to above may be asphaltic bitumen removed from residual oils by addition of low-boiling hydrocarbons, for example by dispersing the oil in butane, heating under pressure, and then treating the mixture with a solvent, such as propane or ethane, until the asphaltic material is precipitated.