Patent GB-480289-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to wireless telegraph systems
IPC: H04L1/04
Filed: 1937-03-09
Abstract: 480,289. Code telegraphy, valve circuits. CABLE & WIRELESS, Ltd., HUMBY, A. M., SMALE, J. A., and COPPER, E. G. March 9, 1937, No. 6980. [Classes 40 (iii) and 40 (v)] In a wireless telegraph rereceiver for signals comprising different frequencies for marking and spacing conditions, the two frequencies after separation and rectification are applied to a combining circuit having two conditions of stability which determine the condition of the telegraph relay. The condition of the circuit is controlled only by changes of amplitude of the rectified signal components which are applied to the circuit in such a manner that a change from spacing to marking condition is effected either by the commencement of a marking component or termination of a spacing component or by both in combination ; and vice versa. The receiver may therefore be operated by either marking or spacing components alone so that effective reception occurs if one of the frequencies is subject to prolonged fading or interference. Freedom from interference is increased by limiting the inputs to the combining circuit, and provision is made for compensating frequency drift. The transmitter, . Fig. 1, comprises an oscillatory circuit 9, the frequency of which is varied by a plate 10 which is earthed or. not over a diode 11 rendered conducting for a space and non-conducting for a mark. The input telegraphic relay 1 applies negative or positive spacing or marking conditions to the grid of valve 6 over resistance network 2 thereby making valve 6 non-conducting or conducting respectively to alter the potential at point 7 of a divider connected between positive and negative sources. The anode of diode 11 is also connected over a smoothing circuit to a point 15 on the divider, the two tapping points being adjusted so that spaces and marks control the diode as described above. Receiving arrangements. The marking and spacing frequences are reduced to audiofrequencies in two heterodyne stages, intermediate and audio-frequency amplifiers being arranged to reject undesired frequencies. The audio-frequency amplifier may control the gain of preceding stages. The marking and spacing audio-frequencies are then separated by filters 26, 27, Fig. 3, rectified and limited at 28, 29 and passed into a combiner circuit 30 shown separately in Fig. 5. The rectifying and limiting circuits each comprise an input transformer 35, Fig. 4, and full wave rectifying arrangement 38, 39 applying the rectified signals to the grid of valve 40 which acts as a limiter by virtue of grid current flow over bias resistance 36 shunted by condenser to give a relatively large time constant. The signals pass to two further valves 43, 45 resistance coupled by potential dividers 42, 44, valve 40 in the absence of a signal being non-conducting and valves 43, 45 conducting and non-conducting respectively, the conditions of the valves being reversed by a signal. This arrangement ensures rapid change of potential over output resistance 46, the pulsations being applied over condenser 57 to the circuit shown in Fig. 5 in which condensers 57a, 57b represent the condensers of the marking and spacing circuits respectively. The circuit comprises reciprocally coupled valves 65, 66 each having a resistance 67, 68 and a winding 69, 70 of the output relay 78 in its anode circuit. The grid potential of each valve is controlled bv a potential divider 72, 74 or 71, 73 connected between the anode of the other valve and earth, the cathodes being biassed positively with respect to earth by resistance 77. Assuming 65 to be conducting, the relay is operated by winding 69 and the potential on its anode is lower than that of the anode supply so that the potential on the grid of 66 is negative with respect to the cathode and 66 is non - conducting. The potential on the anode of 66 is that of the supply and the grid of 65 is therefore maintained positively biassed. This is one stable condition (spacing) which can be changed only by a pulse over 57a reducing the positive grid potential of 65 (commencement of mark) or a pulse over 57b decreasing the negative grid potential of 66 (termination of space). Considering the pulse over 57b, this increases the anode current of 66 which results in reducing the positive potential on the grid of 65 and decreasing its anode current so that the circuit changes over to the other stable position in which 66 is conducting, 65 non-conducting, and the relay is operated by winding 70. A similar effect follows from a pulse over 57a reducing the positive potential on the grid of 65. Relay 78 may be controlled by one winding only. Automatic control of frequency of local oscillator. If the transmitted frequencies or the frequencies of the local oscillators vary, both the resultant audio-frequencies are liable to be passed by one of the filters 26, 27, and to prevent this the frequency of oscillator 22, Fig. 3, is controlled by a unit 33 fed with the audio-frequencies through band-pass filters 31, 32. The outputs of these filters (transformers 100, 101, Fig. 9) are rectified and applied to the grid of a valve 102 coupled to valve 111, the anode current of which controls one winding 113 of relay m, s which has a polarixing winding 114 adjusted by resistance 115. Assuming a separation d, Fig. 10, between the audiofrequencies, and a normal level 129 of the outputs of filters 31, 32, if the marking frequency is too high, the output of filter 31 increases from M to M<1> resulting in valve 111, Fig. 9, passing sufficient current to operate its relay which opens contact m to open a shortcircuit on resistance 116 in the heater circuit of triode 117 arranged as a rectifier and forming a variable portion of a grid leak of oscillator 119 to alter its frequency. The resultant marking audio-frequency is reduced to M after which a correction in the opposite direction is applied. Similar results follow from variation of the spacing frequency, and in the case of variations of both frequencies, control is exercised by the frequency having the greater amplitude in the outputs of filters 31, 32, since that output takes control of valve 102, Fig. 9.