Patent GB-1508701-A (GB)
Title: Ultrasonic testing of cylinder bores
IPC: G01S15/10
Filed: 1976-02-06
Abstract: 1508701 Measuring thickness ultrasonically FORD MOTOR CO Ltd 6 Feb 1976 04676/76 Heading G1G The wall thickness of an article, e.g. the cylinder of an I.C. engine, is determined by directing a pulse of ultrasonic energy towards the article from a location spaced therefrom, detecting first and second pulses reflected from the two faces of the article, producing first and second signals indicative respectively of the time interval between transmission of the pulse and receipt of the first reflected pulse and between receipt of the first reflected pulse and receipt of the second reflected pulse, and dividing (or multiplying) one of the signals by a factor representing the ratio of sonic velocities in the material of the object and in the ambient medium. As described, a cylinder block, Figs. 2 and 3 (not shown), is immersed in a bath of water, Fig. 1 (not shown), a jig, Figs. 4 and 5 (not shown) is placed accurately on the cylinder block, and the ultrasonic apparatus as shown in Fig. 6 is attached to the jig by means of dowel pins 66 and a screw 68 so that a transducer assembly 56 projects into one of the cylinders along the centre axis thereof. The transducer assembly 56 is mounted on a shaft 53 which in turn is mounted inside a shaft 52 which is rotatable by means of a motor 58, reduction gearing 60, a counter-shaft 62, and a belt and pulley transmission 64. The axial position of the assembly 56 within the cylinder is adjustable by a nut 55 and the angular position of the assembly is indicated by a photo-electric detection unit 70. As shown in Fig. 7, the transducer assembly consists of a transmission crystal 74 driven by a generator 78 via a pulse shaper 80, and a receiving crystal 76 whose output is applied to a pulse shaper 84 via an amplifier 82. The transmitted and reflected pulses are displayed on a CRT 96. In operation, a pulse is transmitted towards the cylinder wall at time to and after a delay (circuit 100) at time t 1  a monitor I 86, e.g. a bi-stable multi-vibrator, provides an output to open a gate I 88 which allows the passage of a 21 MHz signal from a generator 92. When the first reflected pulse is received at t 2 , the output of shaper 84 provides a signal for changing the state of monitor 86 and simultaneously closing gate 88. Thus the signal passed by gate 88 contains a number of pulses proportional to the distance from the transducer 56 to the inner wall of the cylinder. When the monitor 86 changes state, a second monitor 94, e.g. a monostable multi-vibrator, simultaneously opens a second gate 90 which then allows the 21 MHz signal to pass until, at time t 3 , the second reflected pulse is received. Thus the signal passed by gate 90 contains a number of pulses proportional to the distance between the faces of the cylinder. The gate outputs are applied to respective D/A converters 102, 104. The analogue output of 102 is applied to a dividing circuit which divides the output by the above-mentioned factor (in this case 3 as the sonic velocity in water is three times that in the cast iron of the cylinder block). The output of the divider is applied to drive one pen of a chart recorder 32, (trace A of Fig. 8) and to an adding circuit 108 in which it is added to the analogue output of 104. The output of the adding circuit is applied to drive the other pen of the recorder (trace B in Fig. 8). The chart shown in Fig. 8 shows the traces produced for a complete revolution of the transducer 56 on cylinder number 1 and part of the traces produced on an examination of cylinder number 2. Lines C, D and E represent permissible limits. A more direct indication of faults is obtained by feeding the recorder inputs to threshold circuits associated with warning lights. The addition and division may be performed digitally and then converted to analogue.