Patent GB-432368-A (GB)
Title: Method for transforming hydrocarbons
IPC: C09C1/48
Filed: 1934-02-01
Abstract: Hydrocarbons are treated at a pressure not substantially above atmospheric with sulphuric acid of 48--65 DEG  B<\>ae. at 150--300 DEG  C., a current of steam or of steam and air being injected into the mixture, the hydrocarbon being at any moment in the presence of a large excess of acid and the time of treatment being such as to give partial or complete carbonization.  The initial hydrocarbon may be of any kind, cyclic or non-cyclic, saturated or unsaturated, e.g. gasoline, fuel oil, gas oil, crude oil or turpentine.  The products have anti-knock properties and contain naphthenes, chiefly monocyclic, with small amounts of paraffins, aromatic and ethylenic hydrocarbons.  When volatile or gaseous hydrocarbons are treated they are passed through a layer of acid of such a depth as to ensure sufficient time of reaction and only small amounts of steam are injected to prevent loss of hydrocarbons.  The use of partial vacuum furthers the distillation of the products.  The hydrocarbon and acid may be mixed and then heated, or the hydrocarbon passed into, or dropped upon the surface of the heated acid.  Catalysts such as iron, copper, nickel, mercury, lead, cobalt, alumina, soda, potash, and magnesia may be added.  The carbon obtained may retain sulphur from the oil or acid--and is adapted for vulcanizing rubber. Organic or mineral salts may be incorporated with it to produce a manure, or it may be washed and calcined to give carbon black. According to examples: (1) A mixture of 600 c.c. 65 DEG  B<\>ae. acid with 200 c.c. water is heated at 150--180 DEG  C. and 3 litres of a gas oil poured thereon over 5 hrs. while a mixture of steam and air is passed through carrying away 2,42 litres of a white oil. A carbonaceous residue remains.  (2) A Venezuelan crude oil is treated in a manner similar to that of (1).  (3) 25 c.c. of a fuel oil is added to 250 c.c. 65 DEG  B<\>ae. acid and 90 c.c. water.  The mixture is heated for 1\ba1/4\be hrs. at 160--190 DEG  C. while steam and air are passed therethrough.ALSO:Hydrocarbons are treated at a pressure not substantially above atmospheric with sulphuric acid of 48--65 DEG B<\>ae. at 150--300 DEG  C., a current of steam or of steam and air being injected into the mixture, the hydrocarbon being at any moment in the presence of a large excess of acid and the time of treatment being such as to give partial or complete carbonization.  The initial hydrocarbon may be of any kind, cyclic or non-cyclic, saturated or unsaturated, e.g. gasoline, fuel oil, gas oil, crude oil or turpentine.  The products have anti-knock properties and contain naphthenes, chiefly monocyclic, with small amounts of paraffins, aromatic and ethylenic hydrocarbons.  When volatile or gaseous hydrocarbons are treated they are passed through a layer of acid of such a depth as to ensure sufficient time of reaction, and only small amounts of steam are injected to prevent loss of hydrocarbons.  The use of partial vacuum furthers the distillation of the products.  The hydrocarbon and acid may be mixed and then heated, or the hydrocarbon passed into, or dropped upon the surface of the heated acid. Catalysts such as iron, copper, nickel, mercury, lead, cobalt, alumina, soda, potash, and magnesia may be added.  The carbon obtained may retain sulphur from the oil or acid, and is adapted for vulcanizing rubber; it may be washed and calcined to give carbon black.  According to examples: (1) a mixture of 600 c.c. 65 DEG B<\>ae. acid with 200 c.c. water is heated at 150--180 DEG  C. and 3 litres of a gas oil poured thereon over 5 p  hours while a mixture of steam and air is passed through carrying away 2,42 litres of a white oil.  A carbonaceous residue remains.  (2) A Venezuelan crude oil is treated in a manner similar to that of (1).  (3) 25 c.c. of a fuel oil is added to 250 c.c. 65 DEG  B<\>ae. acid and 90 c.c. water.  The mixture is heated for 1 \ba1/4\be hours at 160--190 DEG  C. while steam and air are passed therethrough.ALSO:Pulverulent carbon, obtained by treating oils or other hydrocarbons with sulphuric acid and steam, and retaining large amounts of sulphur for example from the oil or acid, is used for vulcanizing rubber.ALSO:Organic or mineral salts are incorporated with pulverulent carbon, obtained by reacting hydrocarbons with sulphuric acid and steam, to yield a manure.