baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent NO-152189-B (NO)
Inventor: COHEN GEORGES
IPC: H01Q25/02
Filed: 1980-09-05
Abstract: A common antenna system for a primary and a secondary radar transceiver, designed for monitoring air traffic, has a primary feeder or source connected to a primary-radar transceiver and terminating in a horn confronting a reflector, this source including two transverse probes connected to a secondary-radar transceiver which also communicates with a pair of ancillary feeders flanking the horn in an azimuthal plane. The horn is also flanked by two dipoles, closer than the ancillary feeders, delivering a difference signal of a monopulse channel to an angular-deviation-measuring receiver to which an incoming sum signal of the same channel is fed from the probes by way of the secondary-radar transceiver. The signals of the monopulse channel are emitted by transponders aboard an aircraft in response to interrogation signals sent out and received back by the probes in a radiation pattern blanked for the most part by control signals transmitted and received by the ancillary feeders, these control signals leaving free an interrogation arc of limited azimuthal extent; the signals of the monopulse channel define a narrower angular-deviation-measuring arc for localizing an aircraft within the interrogation arc.
Patent NO-153672-B (NO)
Inventor: LUNDGREN BROR FERDINAND
IPC: A21C3/06
Filed: 1981-02-19
Abstract: The invention relates to a machine for rolling pieces of soft material in leaf form, more particularly food products, such as pancakes. According to the invention, the pieces of material are delivered on a substantially horizontal conveyor belt (1) and are brought into contact with at least one other conveyor belt (8) which crosses the first conveyor belt and has an oblique upward movement relative to the direction of movement of the first conveyor belt. The two belts (3, 9) of the two conveyors are formed by several cords or strings (4, 10) which are parallel to one another and spaced apart from one another, the belt (9) of the second conveyor crossing the horizontal belt (3) of the first conveyor by passage of its cords or strings through the spaces between the cords and strings of the first conveyor.
Patent NO-160004-B (NO)
Inventor: BRUYNES CORNELIS ADRIANUS
IPC: C07D501/36
Filed: 1981-09-03
Abstract: Process for the preparation of 7-acylamino-3-(thio--substituted)methyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid 1-oxide derivatives by reacting a 7-acylamino-3-bromomethyl-3--cephem-4-carboxylic acid 1-oxide derivative with a silylated thiol of the general formula:wherein R represents an organic group, preferably a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic group, which reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of an inert organic solvent at a temperature between - 20° and 80°C thereby obtaining the corresponding 7-acylamino-3-(R--thiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid 1-oxide derivatives, many of which are valuable intermediates in methods for the preparation of therapeutically active cephalosporins.
Patent NO-160747-B (NO)
Inventor: BECKER UDO
IPC: C12Q1/56
Filed: 1982-12-20
Abstract: A tissue thromboplastin preparation which is sensitive to coagulation factor VII, is prepared from acetone dry powder mammalian tissue, by extraction with a salt solution containing 1 to 20 mmol/1 of calcium ions and, if desired, a surface active agent, after which the extract maybe dried.
Patent NO-158418-B (NO)
Inventor: NOFRE CLAUDE
IPC: C07K5/06
Filed: 1983-09-16
Abstract: Compounds of the formula:   <IMAGE>   in which: X represents at least one lone-electron pair donor group; A represents an oxygen or a sulfur atom, or an optionally substituted imino or methylene group; R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; n represents a number equal to zero or to one; B represents a COOH or COOM group (M designating a cation); Y represents either a lone-electron pair donor group, or an alkyl group R' of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; Z represents either an optionally substituted hydrophobic group R'', R'' designating an alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms; or a lone-electron pair donor group on which a hydrophobic group R'' is fixed; are useful as sweetening agents.
Patent NO-169942-B (NO)
Inventor: BLAIR JOHN J
IPC: A61C13/00
Filed: 1985-01-25
Abstract: A type of dental restoration and a method of preparation of dental restorations is disclosed. The dental restoration is provided with an outer shader layer (23), an intermediate at least substantially uncolored, translucent layer (22), and an opaque substructure. The opaque substructure may be a metal support (17) with a surface opaquing agent (21) in one species. The dental restoration may be prepared by removably mounting intermediate uncolored translucent layer that is a crown on an opaque substructure that is a dental mount. The dental mount being matched to an opaque dental cement that will mount the finished shaded dental crown.
Patent NO-161791-B (NO)
Inventor: VOETTER MAX
IPC: B65D25/10
Filed: 1985-10-29
Abstract: A rack for the production of semi-finished and finished products features an arrangement wherein two different clearance heights are provided respectively for the insertion of a pin coil former or the storage of the finished coil in the rack. Guide rails (4, 5) are adapted to accept a planar cardboard strip (9) to reduce the clearance height for the insertion of the pin coil former (10). Removal of the cardboard strip (9) increases the clearance height so the rack may be used to store the finished coil (15).
Patent NO-171578-B (NO)
Title: Fremgangsmaate og anordning for samtidig groefting og roerlegging i arktiske stroek
Inventor: HAZLEGROVE BILLY MICHAEL
IPC: E02F5/10
Filed: 1987-07-03
Abstract: Det er beskrevet en anordning (10) for samtidig å grøfte og legge en undervannsrørlednlng (14) 1 bunnen av et vannlegeme dekket med en forholdsvis tykk ismasse. Anordningen Innbefatter en spredelnnretnlng (12) for bygging av rørledningen, som går foran en spredelnnretnlng (16) for grøfting og rørlnstallasjon, hvor begge passerer Ismassen. Rørinstallasjonskjøre-tøyet (24) fremskrider mot den bygde rørledning, hever rørledningen og danner en sllssellgnende åpning 1 Isen og retter rørledningen ned 1 vannet gjennom slissen. En neddykkbar grøfteanordning (114) forløper fra installa-sjons- øretøyet (24) som danner del av spredelnnret-nlngen (16) for Installasjon. Etterhvert som kjøretøyet (24) fremskrider danner grøfteenheten (114) en grøft 1 sjøbunnen. Samtidig fører grøfteenheten (114) rørled-ningen (14) ned i grøften og tilveiebringer støtte for en neddykket komponent av rørledningen som tres gjennom en slisse 1 grøfteenheten.
Patent NO-169407-B (NO)
Inventor: BEAUVAIS FRANCOIS
IPC: F42B14/06
Filed: 1989-03-02
Abstract: The technical sector of the invention is that of devices for connection by mutually engaging shapes between an arrow-type penetrator and a sabot consisting of a plurality of segments. The sabot (2) and the penetrator (1) being positioned relative to one another by means of a stop (6), the connection device according to the invention comprises a first profile (7) carried by the penetrator and a second profile (8) carried by the sabot and is characterised in that there is a relative axial play (J) between the first and the second profile, the total value of which is calculated so as to allow differential expansions of the sabot and penetrator which are attributable to temperature gradients. The invention is used for arrow-type artillery ammunition. <IMAGE>
Patent NO-178790-B (NO)
Inventor: KJELDSTAD JAN
IPC: C08F2/04
Filed: 1993-12-13
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/NO94/00201 Sec. 371 Date Jul. 24, 1996 Sec. 102(e) Date Jul. 24, 1996 PCT Filed Dec. 12, 1994 PCT Pub. No. WO95/16517 PCT Pub. Date Jun. 22, 1995An improved process for the production of polyolefins in an autoclave reactor having several reaction zones operated at a pressure of 100 to 300 MPa and a temperature of 100 to 300 DEG  C. is disclosed. Dunng operation, temperatures are measured continuously inside the autoclave reactor at specific points distributed along the reactor length, each of said measured temperatures is compared with a corresponding preset temperature and the detected deviation between each pair of preset and measured temperatures is used in regulating the amount of monomer and initiator fed into the autoclave through several feed inlets distributed along the reactor length, in order to minimize the temperature deviations and thus obtain an improved control of the polymerization process.
Patent SE-325965-B (SE)
Inventor: ROCKWELL R
IPC: H01J25/24
Filed: 1964-02-04
Abstract: 1,054,462. Travelling wave tubes. VARIAN ASSOCIATES. Jan. 29, 1964 [Feb. 6, 1963], No. 31339/65. Divided out of 1,054,461. Heading H1D. A high frequency electric discharge device has a part of its vacuum envelope formed by a permanent magnet periodic focusing system. The envelope of a travelling-wave tube having a cathode assembly 67, anode 68, collector 71, and input and output coupling arrangements 73, is formed by polepieces 65 and spacers 66, around which are clamped magnets 74 each in the form of two C-shaped halves. The slow wave helix 69 is supported in the central bore on sapphire rods 72. The polepieces are composed of a copper/iron aggregate, and the spacers of a copper/tungsten aggregate.
Patent SE-329845-B (SE)
Inventor: GOTTFRIED S
IPC: C07C61/28
Filed: 1960-07-25
Abstract: The invention comprises glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives of the general formula <FORM:0887011/IV (b)/1> in which A and B and/or C and D can together represent a further bond and X is hydroxy, ethinyl or acyloxymethyl and in which rings Y and Z are cis- or trans-relationship, together with their preparation by brominating the corresponding 3,11-diketo-18a - or 18b -olean-12-ene 20-carboxylic acid to give the corresponding 2-bromo or 2,12,13-tribromo compound, dehydrobrominating to the corresponding 1,12-diene or 1,12,18-triene, and then, if desired, forming the acid chloride and converting it into the corresponding ethinylcarbonyl or acyloxyacetyl derivative.  The latter steps are carried out by treatment with thionyl chloride or oxalyl chloride to form the acid chloride, followed by reaction with sodium acetylide to form the ethinylcarbonyl derivatives, or with diazomethane followed by acid treatment of the resulting diazoketone to give the acyloxyacetyl derivative.  Detailed examples are given.  Specifications 798,655, 843,132, 843,133 and 843,137 are referred to.
Patent SE-301889-B (SE)
Inventor: EINREINER J
IPC: G01N21/03
Filed: 1964-04-17
Abstract: 1,019,494. Optical apparatus. FRITZ HELLIGE & CO. G.m.b.H. April 20, 1964 [April 19, 1963], No. 16376/64. Heading G2J. Rectangular glass precision vessels for holding samples of liquid for calorimetric or other optical investigations are manufactured by spacing two plane parallel plates 6a, 6b, which in use are at right angles to the direction D of the rays of light 8, an accurate distance apart by means of one or more gauges and cementing their edges to two glass plates 6c, 6d, which in use are parallel to the direction D so that the layers of cement 7 are also parallel to direction D. Thus the variable thickness of cement layers 7 does not alter the accurate spacing of plates 6a, 6b. The plates 6c, 6d may be of frosted glass so that the orientation of the vessel in an optical device is readily apparent.
Patent SE-315691-B (SE)
Inventor: WOOD G
IPC: A61K8/26
Filed: 1964-06-17
Abstract: Ethyl acrylate is polymerized in aqueous suspension with benzoyl peroxide catalyst and in the presence of a -alumina particles and the polymeric suspension is treated with an aqueous mixture of FeSO4 and Na4P2O7 to form polyacrylate granules having alumina particles embedded therein.ALSO:A polishing agent suitable for use in a dentifrice comprises carrier particles of a material having a Moh's hardness less than 6 and an average size in the range 1 to 50 microns, the said carrier particles having embedded therein abrasive particles of a material having a Moh's hardness greater than that of the material of the carrier particles and an average size of less than 1 micron.  Suitable carrier materials are plastics materials, e.g. natural and synthetic rubbers, polyolefines, poyvinyl chloride and co-polymers of vinyl chloride and other unsaturated monomers such as vinyl acetate or vinylidene chloride, nylons, polyacrylates and polymethacrylates.  The abrasive materials may be aluminas, natural or synthetic silicas, calcium phosphates such as b -tricalcium or thophosphate, and thermosetting resins such as urea-formaldehyde or melamine-formaldehyde resins.  Optional ingredients in the dentifrice may be soap or synthetic detergents, flavouring materials, buffers, sweeteners, colouring materials and therapentic materials, e.g. sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride and sodium monofluorophosphate. The dentifrice may contain conventional carriers and abrasives, as well as particles of a plastics material not impregnated with abrasive particles.
Patent SE-314440-B (SE)
Inventor: KILBY JACK S
IPC: H01L21/00
Filed: 1964-06-23
Abstract: 945,749. Semi-conductor devices. TEXAS INSTRUMENTS Inc. Feb. 2, 1960 [Feb. 6, 1959], No. 32744/63. Divided out of 945,734. Heading H1K. The subject matter of this Specification is included in Specification 945,734 from which the present Specification is divided but the claims relate to a device comprising a semi-conductor body with three superposed regions of alternate conductivity types forming a pair of PN junctions extending to a surface of the body and there defining two enclosed areas one within the other, with an insulating oxide of a semi-conductor covering selected parts of said surface, first and second ohmic contacts secured to said surface on opposite sides of the inner PN junction and a third ohmic contact secured to the third region. Specifications 945,737, 945,738, 945,739, 945,740, 945,741, 945,742, 945,743, 945,744, 945,745, 945,746, 945,747 and 945,748 also are referred to.
Patent YU-47706-B (YU)
Inventor: FISCHER A
IPC: F16B13/06
Filed: 1988-08-18
Abstract: An expansion dowel is proposed which has an expansion cone (4) which can be drawn into an expansion sleeve (5), a sliding sleeve (8) of plastic or the like being arranged, according to the invention, between the expansion cone (4) and the expansion sleeve (5). During the expansion process, a part of the sliding sleeve material is crushed by the expansion sleeve (5) over the cone surface of the expansion cone (4), so that the pores of the metallic surfaces of the expansion cone (4) and of the expansion sleeve (5) abutting onto one another are clogged by the material of the sliding sleeve (8). In this way, good sliding characteristics are achieved between the expansion sleeve (5) and the expansion cone (4), and a correspondingly good subsequent expansion capability. 
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Patent YU-47784-B (YU)
Inventor: TOMAZOVIC B
Filed: 1991-11-11
Abstract: POSTUPAK ZA SPRECAVANJE HIDROLIZE NaSPO3 U NATRIJEVE ORTOFOSFATE PRI SINTEZI TRINATRIJUMMONOTIOFOSFATA HIDROLIZOM PSCl3 SA NaOH naznacen time, sto se kolicina NaOH u datom postupku povecava za 15%, a kolicina H2O se smanjuje za 75% pri cemu se dobija vise od 90% sirovog Na3SPO3 cistoce vece od 93%, a jednom prekiristalizacijom postize se cistoca veca od 98%.
Patent YU-41943-B (YU)
Title: Heat transmitter, particularly for gas - or oil- water heaters
Inventor: SCHMIDT E
IPC: F24H1/22
Filed: 1980-09-10
Abstract: 1. A heat exchanger, especially for a gas or oil heated water heater, comprising at least one outer tube (11) conducting a first heat transfer medium and through which extends at least one inner tube (31) smaller in diameter for a second heat transfer medium which is in heat exchange relationship with the first transfer medium and further comprising means arranged at the periphery of the inner tube (31) for the clearance-free retention and guiding of the said tube within the outer tube (11), characterised in that, the means for the clearance-free retention and guiding of the inner tube (31) are formed by a rail (60) provided separately from the said tube and which forces the inner tube (31) unilaterally against the inner wall of the outer tube (11).
Patent RS-52489-B (RS)
Inventor: MEANWELL NICHOLAS A
IPC: C07D471/04
Filed: 2002-01-02
Abstract: Jedinjenje formule I, uključujući njegove farmaceutski prihvatljive soli,pri čemu je: Q ili:ilia tada je R2 izabran iz grupe koja se sastoji od: vodonika, halogena i metoksi; i R3 je vodonik; ili Q je:a R2 je halogen ili vodonik i R3 je vodonik; R4 je B;B je izabran iz grupe koja se sastoji od: supstituisanog fenila, heteroarila i C(O)R7 pri čemu je navedeni heteroaril opciono supstituisan i fenil je supstituisan sa jednim do tri ista ili različita halogena ili sa jednim do dva ista ili različita supstituenta odabrana iz grupe F;F je izabran iz grupe koju čine: (C1-6)alkil, (C3-6)cikloalkil, aril, heteroaril, heteroaliciklik, hidroksi, (C1-6)alkoksi, (C1-6)tioalkoksi, cijano, halogen, karbonil, benzil, -NR42C(O)-(C1- 6)alkil, -NR42C(O)-(C3-6)cikloalkil, -NR42C(O)-aril, -NR42C(O)-heteroaril, -NR42C(O)-heteroaliciklik, ciklični N-amido, -NR42S(O)2-(C1-6)alkil, -NR42S(O)2-(C3-6)cikloalkil, -NR42S(O)2-aril, -NR42S(O)2-heteroaril, -NR42S(O)2-heteroaliciklik, -S(O)2NR42R43, NR42R43, (C1-6)alkilC(O)NR42R43, C(O)NR42R43, NHC(O)NR42R43, OC(O)NR42R43, NHC(O)OR54', (C1-6)alkilNR42R43, COOR54 i (C1-6)alkilCOOR54; pri čemu su (C1-6)alkil, (C3-6)cikloalkil, aril, heteroaril, heteroaliciklik, (C1-6)alkoksi opciono supstituisani sa jednim do tri istih ili različitih halogena ili sa jednim do dva ista ili različita supstituenta odabrana iz grupe G;G je izabran iz grupe koju čine: (C1-6)alkil, (C3-7)cikloalkil, aril, heteroaril, heteroaliciklik, hidroksi, (C1-6)alkoksi, (C1-6)tioalkoksi, tioariloksi, cijano, halogen, nitro, karbonil, tiokarbonil, benzil, -NR48C(O)-(C1-6)alkil, -NR48C(O)-(C3-6)cikloalkil, -NR48C(O)-aril, -NR48C(O)-heteroaril, -NR48C(O)-heteroaliciklik, ciklični N-amido, -NR48S(O)2-(C1-6)alkil, -NR48S(O)2-(C3-6)cikloalkil, -NR48S(O)2-aril, -NR48S(O)2-heteroaril, -NR48S(O)2-heteroaliciklik, sulfonil, -SO2NR48R49, NR48R49, (C1-6) alkilC(O)NR48R49, C(O)NR48R49, NHC(O)NR48R49, OC(O)NR48R49, NHC(O)OR54', (C1- 6)alkilNR48R49, COOR54 i (C1-6)alkilCOOR54'; R1 je vodonik; m je 2;R5 je vodonik; R6 ne postoji;R7 je izabran iz grupe koju čine: aril, heteroaril i heteroaliciklik; pri čemu su navedeni aril, heteroaril i heteroaliciklik opciono supstituisani sa jednim do tri ista ili različita halogena ili sa jednim do tri ista ili različita supstituenta odabrana iz grupe F;A je izabran iz grupe koju čine fenil i heteroaril; pri čemu je heteroaril: piridinil, furanil ili tienil; i navedeni fenil ili navedeni heteroaril su opciono supstituisani sa jednim ili dva ista ili različita amino, C1-6 alkila, hidroksi ili halogena;-W-jeR9, R10, R", R12, R13 i R14, svaki od njih je vodonik; iR15 i R16 su, nezavisno, oba vodonici ili metil uz uslov daje samo jedan od njih metil; R42 i R43 su, nezavisno, izabrani iz grupe koju čine: vodonik, (C1-6)alkil, (C1-6)alkoksi, (C3-7)cikloalkil, aril, heteroaril i heteroaliciklik; ili R42 i R43, uzeti zajedno sa azotom za koji su vezani, formiraju heteroarilni prsten ili heteroaliciklični prsten koji može imati d
Patent RS-50178-B (RS)
Inventor: PERISIC MILUTIN
IPC: H02K21/00
Filed: 2004-08-03
Abstract: 1.Generator električne struje sa statorom i rotorom koji se obrću u suprotnim smerovima kod kojeg su u kućištu 1, u bočnim stranama la i lb utisnuta ležišta 3, 13 sa lopticama u kojima su uležišteni krajevi ulaznog obrtnog vratila 2, koje prolazi kroz komore A, B i kroz prstene 24,25 u komori A1, za koje su povezani krajevi 30 namotaja 22 rotora 21 i koji sa, na njima nalegajućim četkicama 26,27, čine kolektor C, sa kojeg se indukovana struja sa namotaja 22 rotora 21, dalje provodnicima odvodi naznačen time, što je u kućištu (1), uz unutrašnju površinu prednje bočne strane (la), u komori (A), na ulazno obrtno vratilo (2), preko klina (5) učvršćen konični zupčanik (4) sa pravim zubnima sa kojim je uzubljen konični zupčanik (6) sa pravim zubima, učvršćenim preko klina (10) na vratilu (7), koje se ukršta sa vratilom (2), a obrtno je uležišteno u ležište (9) sa lopticama umetnutim u prsten (8), koji je zavaren za spoljašni zid zadnje čeone strane (lf) kućišta (1) ; dok je sa zupčanikom (6) uzubljen konični zupčanik (14) sa pravim zubima koji je, sa umetnutim ležištem (34) sa lopticama u njemu, obrtno postavljen na vratilu (2) i svojim obodnim cilindričnim delom umetnut je i zavaren u cilindrični nosač (16), koji je zavaren za prednju bočnu stranu (17a) kućišta (17) ; što je za gornju stranu (17c) i donju stranu (17d) u komori (B) kućišta (17) kroz odstojnike (18), zavrtnjima (19) sa navrtkama učvršćen stalni magnet polova (N,S) statora (20) oblika potkovice, u kojem je obrtni rotor (21) sa ovalnim namotajima (22), preko klina (23), učvršćen za obrtno vratilo (2) pri čemu su : zupčanik (14), nosač (16), kućište (17), stalni magnet statora (20) i prsteni (24,25) kao čvrsta povezana celina, obrtni u suprotnom smeru od smera obrtanja ulaznog vratila (2) i učvršćenog na njemu rotora (21) sa namotajima (22) . 2.Generator električne struje sa statorom i rotorom koji se obrću u istim smerovima kod kojeg je u kućištu 1, uležišteno krajevima ulazno obrtno vratilo 2 koje prolazi kroz zupčanike 4, 14 u komori A kroz obrtni rotor 21 sa namotajima 22 postavljenim u magnetnom polju stalnog magneta statora 20 i kroz koletor C, sa kojeg se indukovana struja sa namotaja 22 rotora 21, dalje provodnicima odvodi, prema drugom načinu izvodjenja i prema zahtevu 1, naznačen time, što je u kućištu (1) u komori (A), konični zupčanik (6) sa pravim zubima, koji je uzubljen sa koničnim zupčanikom (4) sa pravi
Patent ZA-793457-B (ZA)
Title: Preparation of crystalline cryolite
Inventor: LUNZER F
IPC: C01F7/54
Filed: 1979-07-10
Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of crystalline cryolite having a molar ratio Na:Al of 2.9:1 to 3.0:1, by reacting aqueous solutions of aluminum fluoride with at least a stoichiometric amount of sodium fluoride in aqueous solution, while heating, in the presence of cryolite seed crystals, wherein the sodium fluoride is used in an amount of 3.2 to 3.5 moles of sodium per mole of aluminum, the aluminum fluoride concentration being from 15 to 250 g./l., the sodium fluoride concentration being from 30 to 42 g./l., the reaction temperature being from 85 DEG  to 100 DEG  C., the reaction time from 0.5 to 3 hours and the pH value in the reaction mixture from 5 to 8, to provide an end product having an adsorbed water content of 8% or less.
Patent ZA-807099-B (ZA)
Title: Process for the manufacture of acyl derivatives
Inventor: MONTAVON M
IPC: C07C/
Filed: 1980-11-14
Abstract: For the Contracting States : BE, CH, DE, FR, GB, IT, LI, LU, NL, SE 1. A process for the manufacture of acyl derivatives of general formula I  see diagramm : EP0030294,P12,F1  in which R represents hydrogen or a readily hydrolyzable ester group, as well as of salts of these compounds and hydrates of these compounds or of their salts by reating a halide of general formula II  see diagramm : EP0030294,P12,F2  in which R has the significance given above and Y represents a halogen atom, or a salt of this compound with thiourea and, if desired, converting a compound of formula I obtained into a salt or hydrate or into a hydrate of this salt, characterized in that X signifies one of the groups  see diagramm : EP0030294,P13,F3  in which R' represents hydrogen or a readily hydrolysable ether group.
Patent ZA-807843-B (ZA)
Title: Method of removal of slag deposits from the bottom of a furnace
Inventor: KRAMER P
IPC: F27D25/00
Filed: 1980-12-15
Abstract: Slag deposited on the bottom of a steel making furnace, especially a soaking pit for steel ingots, is difficult to remove. To enable this to be done while the furnace is hot, it is now proposed to supply a substance, e.g. ferro-silicon, which lowers the melting point of the slag, and a substance which reacts exothermically to initiate melting of the slag. When the slag is sufficiently liquefied, it is removed by means of a mechanical grab.