Patent GB-517986-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to load supporting and shock absorbing devices
IPC: B60G11/27
Filed: 1938-08-12
Abstract: 517,986. Vehicle spring - suspensions ; pneumatic springs. FIRESTONE TYRE & RUBBER CO., Ltd. Aug. 12, 1938, No. 23847. Convention date, Sept. 17, 1937. [Classes 103 (vi); 108 (ii) and 108 (iii)] A pneumatic suspension for vehicles comprises a bellows or other flexible container filled with air under pressure, which may replace the usual springs and which is connected to an air reservoir by a control valve that allows a considerable rush of air from the container to the reservoir upon compression of the container the return flow to the container being' restricted, but a relief valve being provided which at a predetermined pressure in the reservoir allows an additional reflow therefrom to the container. The control valve may be controlled by a pendulum which by inertia action permits the valve to close during compression of the container, when rounding a curve or accelerating or decelerating. In Fig. 1, a casing 250, secured within the bellows (see Fig. 16) at its upper part 74, is connected to a reservoir by a pipe 93. A valve 259 is slidable between seats 253, 254 on the enlarged head of a pin 257 mounted in a sleeve 256 carried by a transverse web 255 in the end cap 251. A pendulum 263 has a projection 264 with which the valve part 260 may engage. A relief valve 274 is disposed between a bridge-plate 272 and a valve-seat 270 in a flattened portion of the casing and is normally pressed against the seat with a predetermined pressure by a spring 275. If, with the pendulum vertical, the bellows is compressed in travelling over a bump, the valve 259 rises to engage the projection 264, as shown, so that air can pass freely to the reservoir but when the bellows expands the valve seats at 254 and air can return to the bellows only through by-passages (not shown) extending through the cap 251 to the chamber 252. If as a consequence of passing rapidly over a series of bumps the pressure in the bellows falls excessively below that of the reservoir air returns to the bellows past the valve 274 as well as through the bypassages. If the vehicle is travelling in a curve the pendulum 263 swings laterally allowing the valve 259 to seat at 253 when the bellows is compressed, thus preventing air flow to the reservoir. When a number of these devices is arranged on a vehicle projections 265 provided thereon prevent swinging of the pendulum toward the inside of the car sufficiently to permit the valve to seat at 253. In modifications, in which the bridge-plate 272 is dispensed with, the supplementary valve comprises a rubberfaced disc-valve normally held to its seat by tension springs or a frusto-conical valve 289, Fig. 7, connected to one end of a leaf-spring 290, the other end of which is secured to the casing 285. In Figs. 8, 9 the pendulum-controlled valve 332, normally, rests upon projections 333<1> of a fixed washer 333 shaped otherwise to correspond with radial recesses 331 in the casing. Portions 332<1> of the valve project into alternate recesses 331. A valve 341 is supported by a spring 332. On compression of the' bellows the valve 341 rises to engage the projections 333<1> and if the pendulum is vertical the valve 332 remains as shown so that air passes to the reservoir around both valves while if the pendulum swings the valve 332 seats at 330 and prevents the flow. When the bellows expands the valve 341 returns to the position shown air passing slowly through the clearance at its edges but should there be a large pressure difference on the valve it moves down against the action of the spring and leaves a progressively increasing opening between its edge and a flared surface 342 of the cap 334. In a further construction Figs. 11, 15, the pendulum-controlled valve comprises a rubber valve 374 vulcanised to a cup-shaped metal member 373 slidable on a guide 359 on which is also slidable a second valve member 381 adapted to close apertures 379 in the valve 374. A reliefvalve assembly 383, is slidably mounted on the lower end of the guide 359 and comprises a spider member the outer ends of the arms 392 of which completely overlie bye-pass ports 361, under the action of leaf-springs 388. In operation, on compression of the bellows with the pendulum central in the casing, the valve 381 is forced against the lower side of valve 374 which in turn is forced upwardly until the cup-shaped member 373 contacts the lower end of the pendulum, air thus being free to flow around the valves from the bellows to the reservoir. On expansion of the bellows the valve 381 seats at 358 to retard the return of the air to the bellows. When the pressure in the reservoir exceeds a predetermined value due, e.g., to the vehicle passing over a series of closelyspaced bumps and consequently the transfer of a large quantity of air from the bellows to the reservoir, the relief valve assembly 383 opens. For very high velocity compressions of the bellows occurring in rapid succession the relief valve assembly 383 operates substantially to nullify the action of valve 381 to maintain the same air pressure in the bellows and reservoir. When the pendulum swings from its normal position, the valve 374 is forced against the upper valve seat 354 and the valve 381 slides on the member 373 to close the parts 379 in the valve 374, thus preventing communication between the bellows and reservoir. The casing is provided with two recesses disposed at about 90' from each other to permit movement of the pendulum in the desired direction when the vehicle accelerates, decelerates or makes a turn. Fig. 16 shows another construction of valve device within the bellows 51 in which the pendulum is dispensed with, the valve structure comprising a unit 414 having a spider device supporting a central member 418 which carries a guide 419 having upper and lower flanges 421, 422 between which a flexible valve 423 is slidable. A relief valve structure 424 similar to the structure 383, Fig. 15, is mounted on the lower end of the member 418. In a modification the device is mounted adjacent the reservoir. The bellows shown in Fig. 16 is of rubber in which cotton cords are vulcanized and has a rubber lining 14. A girdle ring of the cross-section shown. constricts the middle part and the ends terminate in beads 60 secured to end plates 395, 396 by hooked parts 61 of rings bolted to the plates. The Specification also includes some theoretical discussion illustrated by graphs. The invention may be applied to motor cars, trucks, buses, railway cars and aeroplane landing gear. The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 includes also the following' arrangement of the invention on a motor vehicle; a construction of a valve device similar to that of Figs. 8, 9 but arranged in the reservoir and in which the spring 337 is dispensed with, the valve 341 seating positively at its edge; the subject-matter of Specification. 520,222. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.