Patent GB-696076-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to universal couplings
IPC: F16D3/62
Filed: 1950-11-02
Abstract: 696,076. Copolymers. GOODRICH CO., B. F. May 16, 1951 [May 20, 1950], No. 11427/51. Class 2 (v). Copolymers are made by polymerizing a mixture of monomeric materials comprising from 35 to 90 per cent of vinyl chloride, from 5 to 60 per cent of an alkyl acrylate, and from 5 to 50 per cent of styrene, at least 90 per cent of the monomeric mixture being made up of vinyl chloride, the alkyl acrylate, and styrene: Alkyl acrylates specified are the methyl; ethyl, propyl, butyl, amyl, hexyl, octyl, nonyl, isononyl, and decyl acrylates. Other monomers which may be present to the extent of 10 per cent of the monomer mixture are acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, isobutylene, vinylidene chloride, vinyl acetate, vinyl benzoate, and methyl methacrylate. Polymerization may be carried out in bulk or solution but preferably in aqueous emulsion in the presence of emulsifying agents such as sodium oleate, sodium myristate, potassium palmitate, ammonium stearate, ethanolamine laurate, rosin or dehydrogenated rosin soaps; sodium lauryl sulphate, sodium cetyl sulphate, the sodium salt of sulphohated paraffin oil, the sodium salt of dodecane-1- sulphoriic acid, sodium alkyl benzene sulphonates, sodium isopropyl naphthalene sulphonate, sodium isobutyl naphthalene sulphonate, sodium dioctyl sulphosuccinate, sodium-N- octadecyl-sulphosucoinamate, the sodium salt of n-octadecyl-N-(1,2-diocarboxy-ethyl) sulphosuccinamate, diethyloleylamide hydrochloride, laurylamine hydrochloride, and trimethyl cetyl ammonium bromide, or colloidal materials such as gelatin, bentonite clay, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyacrylic acid when granular copolymer particles are required. Polymerization catalysts may be employed such as actinic radiation and peroxygen compounds such as hydrogen peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, 0,0<SP>1</SP> dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, caproyl peroxide, caprylyl peroxide,- pelargonyl peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, tertiary butyl di-perphthalate, tertiary butyl perbenzoate, sodium, potassium and ammonium persulphates, sodium perborate, and sodium percarbonate, which may be activated by a reducing substance such as sodium thiosulphate, sodium sulphite, or a polyhydroxy phenol. The peroxygen catalysts or their combinations with reducing agents may also be activated with soluble heavy metal salts such as silver nitrate, copper sulphate, and ferric or cobalt compounds. The aqueous polymerization medium may also contain buffering agents such as sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and 2 - amino -.2 - methyl - 1 - propanol. Polymerization may be carried out by adding the monomer mixture incrementally or continuously to the reaction medium, which may contain seed latex particles to produce latex particles of larger size. The copolymer latices may be applied to paper, leather, heavy duck or woven glass, or the copolymers may be cast into films from which shower curtains, raincoats, and runbrellas may be made. The solubility, hardness, flexibility, elongation, tensile strength, and tear strength of the copolymers are stated.