Patent GB-1177760-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Transistor Amplifying Circuits
Inventor: AVINS JACK
IPC: H03G11/06
Filed: 1968-06-27
Abstract: 1,177,760. Transistor amplifying and limiting circuits; frequency discriminators. R.C.A. CORPORATION. 27 June. 1968 [29 June, 1967], No. 30726/68. Headings H3A and H3T. A transistor amplifying circuit comprises first and second transistors with the base of the second transistor direct coupled to the collector of the first transistor and its emitter coupled to an output terminal by a first resistor which isolates the second transistor emitter electrode from the capacitance of the load into which the circuit operates. A second resistor connects the collector of the first transistor to a source of potential, means for applying signals between emitter and base being provided and including a third resistor for establishing the D.C. potential at the emitter, the ratio between the second and third resistors being such as to reverse bias the collector-base junction of the first transistor by an amount substantially equal to the sum of the forward base to emitter voltage of the second transistor and the voltage developed across the first resistor. Transistors 12, 14, Fig. 1, are connected in long-tailed pair connection and the collector of transistor 14 direct-coupled to the base of a subsequent emitter-follower stage comprising transistor 16; a resistor 28 is connected between the emitter of this and the output load to reduce the effect on the emitter - follower of the capacitance 32 of the output load.. Resistors 20, 24, 28 are so chosen that the static potential of the output terminal is the same as that of the base of transistor 12,. so enabling a number of such stages to be directcoupled in cascade, as in the I.F. amplifier for a frequency-modulation receiver shown in Fig. 3. In the arrangement of Fig. 3, three such stages in cascade are followed by a limiter comprising transistors 362, 364 in long-tailed pair connection, having as common, emitter load the collector to emitter path of a further transistor 366: the base bias of this is derived from a potentiometer comprising resistor 370 and diode 368. The collector of transistor 364 feeds into a discriminator circuit comprising transformer 374 and diodes 382, 384 in conjunction with resistors 386, 388, giving an audio output at terminal 392: a de-emphasis capacitor 390 is provided. Regulated supply voltages are fed to various stages over emitter-followers 414, 416, the supply voltage being regulated by the emitter-base breakdown voltage of transistor 410, the collector electrode of which is left unconnected. A bias supply for amplifier stages 312, 328, 344 is derived from transistors 418, 420 in conjunction with resistors 422, 424, 426: operational stability of stages 312, 328, 344 is obtained by means of overall D.C. feedback over resistor 430, capacitor 432 providing a bypass for A.C. In a modification of the arrangement of Fig. 1, the common emitter impedance comprises the collector to emitter path of a further transistor (Fig. 4, not shown) the base bias of which is derived from a potentiometer network across the supply, the lower arm of which comprises a diode. The arrangements described are suitable for integrated circuit techniques.