Patent GB-1016336-A (GB)
Title: Variable speed automotive transmission
IPC: F16H61/04
Filed: 1962-09-04
Abstract: 1,016,336. Change-speed gear and control. BORG-WARNER CORPORATION. Sept. 4, 1962 [Sept. 18, 1961], No. 33906/62. Heading F2D. In an automatic three-speeds and reverse transmission for a motor-vehicle wherein lowspeed is established by a one-way engaging device and second and third speeds by fluid pressure applied friction clutches and brakes controlled by a 2-3 shift valve 116 actuated by throttle-variable (T.V.) fluid pressure responsive to setting of the engine throttle, downshifts from third speed are into second speed at part or full throttle and directly from third to one-way first at closed throttle, thereby avoiding lurch on a coasting downshift. The 2-3 shift valve 116 and an additional 1-2 shift valve 115 are both actuated by T.V. pressure opposed by vehicle speed-responsive pressure provided by an output driven governor valve 112. A lock-up brake for the one-way low is engaged in L setting of a manual control valve 106 and apart from the modified function of the 2-3 shift valve outlined above, the gear and control system are substantially the same as those in Specifications 973,493 and 1,007,519 respectively. Gear arrangement.-A compound planet gear driven always wholly through a torque converter 15 of the over-run reactor-type provides two reduced ratios, direct-drive, neutral and reverse by two disc clutches 17, 18, two band brakes 19, 20, and a one-way over-running brake 21, the clutches and band brakes being engaged by fluid pressure provided by input and output driven pumps 101, 102. Intermeshed planets 32, 33 mesh suns 31, 30 selectively clutchable by the clutches 18, 17 respectively to a converter-driven input shaft 13, the planets 32 also meshing a ring-gear 35 fast on a final output shaft 12. First speed is by driving the smaller sun 30 through the front clutch 17 with the one-way brake 21 holding the planet-carrier 34. Second speed is with the clutch 17 still engaged, together with the front brake 19 for the larger sun 31. Third speed direct-drive is by engaging both front and rear clutches 17, 18 providing lockup direct drive through both suns 30, 31. Reverse is by engaging the rear clutch 18 and rear brake 20. Manual two-way first speed is by engaging the front clutch 17 and holding the planet carrier 34 by the rear brake 20, low-speed being provided as before except that up-shifts are not obtainable. Fluid supply system.-Input and output pumps 101, 102 supply line pressure 123 to the hydraulic control system in which a governor valve 112 and throttle valve 108 control governor pressure 139 and throttle pressure 135 respectively, the system including a number of other valves, the functions of which are described in the earlier Specifications referred to above. Operation.-Only the modified functions of the 2-3 shift valve, as outlined above, are described. 2-3 Automatic upshift.-Predominance of governor pressure 139 over a combination of line pressure 131, bias of a spring 154 and throttle variable (T.V.) pressure 135 which is regulated by a plug 153 and the spring 154, upshifts the 2-3 valve 152 to the right, supplying line pressure 131 from a manual valve 106 through a line 142 to engage the rear clutch 18, and a servo orifice control valve 113 and line 143 to release the front brake 19. The front clutch 17 remains engaged, from the second speed, so with both clutches now engaged and all brakes released, the gear is in directdrive high ratio. 3-2 Part or full throttle automatic downshift.- This occurs when T.V. pressure 135, regulated by the spring 154 and plug 153 through ports 169 and 167 and additionally supplied through a line 173, is sufficient to overcome falling governor pressure 139 causing downshift of the 2-3 valve to restore the second ratio. 3-1 Closed throttle automatic downshift.- In this condition the T.V. pressure 135 is zero and downshift occurs when governor pressure 139 is insufficient to maintain the 2-3 shift valve 152 in the upshift position against the spring 154, the balance between the opposing governor pressure and spring force being such that the downshift of the 2-3 shift valve occurs only after downshift of the 1-2 shift valve 115 whereby the transmission moves direct from high to low ratio, in which ratio the one-way brake 21 overruns on a coasting condition and can re-engage when the engine throttle is re-opened.