baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20000065857-A (KR)
Inventor: PARK JUN UK
IPC: E04G25/04
Filed: 1999-04-09
Abstract: PURPOSE: A metal tool is provided to support a timbering by freely changing a length. CONSTITUTION: To erectly support a retaining wall frame using a support metal tool(A), a fixing lever(21) is rotated to be released at 90 degrees and a sub-rod(2) is rotated around a shaft at 90 degrees. Then, the outer circumference of the rod pushes the combining protrusion of a supporting ring(8) outward and the combining protrusion is extruded from a recess(5). In this state, the sub-rod is freely released from a main rod(1). A combining member(30) is fixed to a floor frame and moved by finely adjusting the length of the metal tool. The length of the metal tool is adjusted by spirally inserting or drawing a spiral bar(3) from the sub-rod.
Patent KR-20000066134-A (KR)
Inventor: AHN JAE GYEONG
IPC: H01L21/28
Filed: 1999-04-13
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing a contact hole of a semiconductor device is provided to prevent a characteristic of the device from being changed and to stop a lifetime of the device from being decreased, by eliminating a stress of an etch-stop layer or a hydrogen blocking phenomenon in forming the contact hole. CONSTITUTION: A conductive layer(22) having a constant width is formed on a semiconductor substrate(21). An etch-stop layer(23) is formed on the entire surface including the conductive layer. The etch-stop layer is selectively eliminated so that the etch-stop layer remains only in the conductive layer and a region adjacent to the conductive layer. An insulating layer is formed on the entire surface including the selectively eliminated etch-stop layer. The insulating layer and etch-stop layer are selectively eliminated to expose a predetermined part of the surface of the conductive layer so that a contact hole(27) is formed.
Patent KR-20000066727-A (KR)
Inventor: YASUTOMI KAZUYA
IPC: C02F11/00
Filed: 1999-04-20
Abstract: PURPOSE: A sludge reduction-stabilization disposal method using coagulation is provided to harden and crumb sludge, even contains high water content. Also, the method is characterized in that produced hardening-crumb is usable for various use safely. CONSTITUTION: Non-treated sludge(2) is stored at a mixing tank(1). A diluted silica soda(3) of 40-50 wt.% is mixed with non-treated sludge(2). And, an activated silica sol(4a) is added thereto, and the mixture is mixed. Then, the mixture is laid aside, so, a congelation gel having water is produced. Produced congelation having water is dried at the ground with 40-70 cm height. So, the mixture is reduced largely, and hardening-crumb, which is safe physically/chemically, is produced in a short time.
Patent KR-20000066958-A (KR)
Inventor: KO YEONG UK
IPC: H01J1/30
Filed: 1999-04-22
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for making a field emission display device is provided to easily make a large area by using a photoresist layer on behalf of aluminum layer as a sacrifice layer about a forming of emitter tip. CONSTITUTION: An insulation layer(22) and a gate electrode layer(23) are sequentially formed on a substrate(20) having a cathode line(21). A gate hole is formed by etching the gate electrode layer and the insulation layer, and is partially exposed. A photoresist layer(24) is deposited on the gate electrode layer to be buried in the gate hole. The photoresist layer is light-exposed, the photoresist layer is remained to edges of the gate electrode layer and the gate hole, and a cathode line within the gate hole is exposed. Tip-forming material layer is formed on the substrate, and a cone typed emitter tip is formed on a cathode line inside of the gate hole. The tip-forming material layer and the photoresist layer are removed.
Patent KR-19990083587-A (KR)
Title: 반도체기판에서의트렌치형성방법
IPC: H01L21/316
Filed: 1999-04-29
Abstract: 절연 트렌치를 형성하는 동안 두 평탄화 단계가 실행되어, 집적 회로 기판(10)이 보다 균일하게 평탄화 된다.  보호 층(44)의 침착 단계 및 평탄화 단계는 최종 평탄화 단계 전에 실행된다.  보호 재료(45)를 도포하면, 절연 트렌치 영역 위에 덮힌 유전체 층(34)에 있는 리세스(36, 38)의 일부가 채워진다.  제 1의 전체 평탄화 공정은 유전성 재료에서 디싱(dishing)을 유발하지 않고서도 보다 좁은 리세스를 제거하고 보다 깊은 리세스를 얕아지게 한다.  보호 재료(45)의 대부분은 상기 제 1의 전체 평탄화 공정에 의해 제거된다.  잔여 보호 재료는 제거된다.  그 다음에, 상기 트렌치 영역 외부의 유전성 재료를 제거하는 최종적인 전체 평탄화 공정이 실행된다.  상기 트렌치의 잘 한정된 경계가 형성된다.
Patent KR-19990088349-A (KR)
Title: 비휘발성반도체메모리및그제조방법
IPC: H01L29/792
Filed: 1999-05-18
Abstract: 본 발명에 따르는 비휘발성 반도체 메모리 제조 방법은 다음의 프로세스 단계로 구성된다.  디바이스 분리층은 셀 영역에서 소정의 위치상에 형성된다.  부동 게이트 물질층은 다음에 기판상에 걸쳐 모두 적층된다.  디바이스 분리층 또는 그 일부분상에 적층되는 부동 전극 물질층은 다음에 디치를 형성하기 위해서 에칭에 의해 제거된다.  디치를 채우기 위해서, 제1 절연층은 셀 영역에 걸쳐서 모두 형성된다.  제1 절연층의 소정 부분은 다음에 에칭에 의해 제거되어, 그결과 부동 전극 물질층은 노출된다.  그 후, 디치는 절연층을 갖는 디바이스 분리 산화물층의 상부상에서 채워진다.  제2 절연층은 다음에 셀 영역에 걸쳐 모두 형성된다.  그 후, 전극 물질층은 기판상에 적층된다.  제2 절연층 및 전극 물질층은 모두 셀 영역에서 제어 전극을 형성하기 위해서 모두 드라이 에칭된다.  절연층의 각 부분은 각각의 디바이스 분리 산화물층상에 남게된다.
Patent KR-20000075019-A (KR)
Inventor: PARK WOO HEE
IPC: A47B47/00
Filed: 1999-05-24
Abstract: PURPOSE: A prefabricated storage member is provided to facilitate the carrying and keeping, and be installed and disassembled easily. CONSTITUTION: A prefabricated storage member comprises; numerous roll-screen member which is installed vertically at regular intervals to form storage space(102) using one interior sidewall and more; a fixing handle(130) which is adjustable in height, and installed on the upside of roll screen member and then fixes the roll screen member; and a cover member(170) which is installed in the fixing handle separably, and covers the upper part of the form storage space. And the roll-screen member comprises; a front roll-screen(110) which is placed in the front side, and is adjustable in height; and a rear roll screen(120) which is also adjustable in height, and is placed in the rear side of the front roll screen.
Patent KR-20010003083-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE JIN SEUNG
IPC: C01B31/02
Filed: 1999-06-21
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for synthesizing carbon nanotubes in multi-step anodized alumina template is provided, to use the alumina template containing the carbon nanotubes as an electron emission point of an electron emission display device. CONSTITUTION: The method comprises the steps of pretreating aluminium; anodizing the pretreated aluminium in multi-step to form fine pores on the surface of aluminium; adding cobalt, nickel or iron into the fine pores and pyrolyzing nonmetallic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen, or pyrolyzing nonmetallic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen without the addition of cobalt, nickel or iron, to synthesize carbon nanotubes in the fine pores; and optionally etching or physically polishing the carbon layer on the surface of alumina template to remove it.
Patent KR-20010003142-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM HYEONG JUN
IPC: H01L21/28
Filed: 1999-06-21
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for forming a damascene type metal wiring of a semiconductor device using a chemical mechanical planarization and a spin etch process is provided to prevent a dishing effect and an erosion effect by performing a spin ethcing process and a chemical mechanical planarization process. CONSTITUTION: A method for forming a damascene type metal wiring of a semiconductor device using a chemical mechanical planarization and a spin etch process comprises the following steps. An insulating interlayer(30) is formed on an upper portion of a semiconductor substrate. A contact hole and a trench are formed by etching the insulating interlayer(30). A barrier metal(31) and a wiring metal(32) are formed on the whole surface of the structure. The trench is buried. A spin etching process for the wiring metal(32) is performed to expose the barrier metal(31). A chemical mechanical planarization process is performed to polish the barrier metal(31).
Patent KR-20010003488-A (KR)
Inventor: KWON JU YEONG
IPC: G02F1/1335
Filed: 1999-06-23
Abstract: PURPOSE: A reflection-type liquid crystal display is provided to be capable of displaying an image signal through both surfaces of a liquid crystal display. CONSTITUTION: The reflection-type liquid crystal display comprises the first polarizing plate(300), the first color filter(302), the first liquid crystal(304), a reflection electrode(306), the second liquid crystal(308), the second color filter(310) and the second polarizing plate(312). A plurality of thin film transistors are arranged at both sides of the reflection electrode(306). The first and second liquid crystals(304,308) are driven simultaneously or selectively according to corresponding liquid crystal driving pulse signals(d1,d2).
Patent KR-20010004923-A (KR)
Inventor: CHO YONG CHEOL
IPC: G11C7/06
Filed: 1999-06-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: A data bus line sense amplifier is provided to stably operate both in a low supply voltage and a high supply voltage. CONSTITUTION: A data bus line sense amplifier of a semiconductor memory device consists of two current mirror sense amplifiers for respectively sensing and amplifying at least data bus line and data bar bus line and a latched sense amplifier. The sense amplifier also includes a precharging transistor portion(10), a gain compensating unit(20) and a safe mode unit(30). The precharging transistor portion precharges output terminals of the current mirror sense amplifiers during stand-by mode. The gain compensating unit is connected to a pull-down node of the current mirror sense amplifier and pulls up a ground voltage to a predetermined level during an active mode. The safe mode unit fully swings an output signal of the current mirror sense amplifier when the output signal of the current mirror sense amplifier is logic low.
Patent KR-20000011416-A (KR)
Inventor: TAKENAKA KAZUHIKO
IPC: H01F27/00
Filed: 1999-07-01
Abstract: PURPOSE: A laminating-typed inductor array is provided that each inductor has a same inductance regardless of a forming position inside a laminating body. CONSTITUTION: The laminating-typed inductor array contains; insulating sheets(21, 22, 23) formed inner conductors(26a¯28b, 26b¯28b) on the surface; a laminating body(30) formed by inter-laminating another insulating sheet formed the inner conductor on the surface and a sheet for protecting. When the distance between the section lengthwise the laminating body and the inductor closed to the section is established under the certain value, the inner conductor forming the inductor in the section is extended in a zigzag line toward the inner conductor inside.
Patent KR-20010008535-A (KR)
Inventor: TAN HONG TOK
IPC: A44B11/00
Filed: 1999-07-01
Abstract: PURPOSE: Inwardly wound belt buckle is provided which inserts an axis pin of a tooth ring plate into an anchor channel and fixes by a rivet so that it preserves a sidewall without faults. CONSTITUTION: The inwardly wound belt buckle comprises the parts of: a pipe-shaped buckle(10) which consists of an inner plate(20), an outer plate(30) and a sidewall(40); a middle opening(22) which is formed at the middle part of the inner plate to divide a front plate(21) and a rear plate(23) wherein a hook is placed in the middle plate, a buckle rivet hole(25) is placed in the rear plate and a buckle rivet hole is placed in the rear part of the sidewall; a side plate(52) which is formed by pressing and braking both sides of a base plate(51) in an anchor channel frame(50); and a frame rivet hole which is placed at the base plate.
Patent KR-20010008615-A (KR)
Inventor: RYU CHANG U
IPC: H01L29/78
Filed: 1999-07-02
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for fabricating a MOS transistor is provided to minimize defects occurring at a surface of a substrate during an ion implantation process and thereby to improve junction leakage property. CONSTITUTION: To form a MOS transistor having a lightly doped drain structure, a field oxide layer(12) of a shallow trench isolation type is formed in a silicon substrate(10) of a p-type. Then, a gate insulation layer(14) is formed on the substrate(10), and a doped polysilicon layer(16) is stacked thereon and patterned to form a gate electrode. Next, a nitride thin film(18) having a greater binding energy is formed on the entire surfaces. Then, an n-type impurity such as arsenic is implanted after a mask(20) is formed. Therefore, the lightly doped drain regions(22) are formed in the substrate(10) exposed between the gate electrode(16) and the field oxide layer(12). Here, the nitride thin film(18) not only protects the surface of the substrate(10), but also controls dopant concentration. Then, a spacer is formed around the gate electrode(16), and the nitride thin film(18) is removed. Subsequently, heavily doped regions are formed.
Patent KR-20010009348-A (KR)
Inventor: LIM SOON GEUN
IPC: A61H39/06
Filed: 1999-07-09
Abstract: PURPOSE: A moxibustion implement that can be applied to the affected parts easily as desired and transmit the smoke to the parts more effectively is provided, so that a user can cauterize the skin with moxa continuously and conveniently. CONSTITUTION: The implement comprises a conic shaped moxa(3) having an opened bottom central part and an inside smoke guide groove vertically elongated to the central part, a support holding up the moxa, and a hollowed smoke case(13) composed of a neck part(10) to fix the support, a smoke collecting space and a plurality of smoke outlets(12) at the bottom part contacted to the affected parts. The support has a circular support plate(5) with a smoke guide hole(4) at the center, a fixing plate(6) extended downward from the plate along the circumstance and a handle(8) connected to the fixing plate by a bracket(7).
Patent KR-20000011845-A (KR)
Inventor: HUKAYA TOMOHIRO
IPC: C22C26/00
Filed: 1999-07-21
Abstract: PURPOSE: A cBN sintered body is provided which optimizes shock-resistance and strength to show excellent loss-proof character. CONSTITUTION: The first sintered body is combined with cBN particle through integrated bed which is at least one kind of carbide, nitride, carbo-nitride, boride selected from among carbide, nitride, carbo-nitride, boride, nitride of AL, oxide, Fe, Co, Ni of 4a, 5a, 6a group transition metals and at least one inter-solidified materials selected from the above group. The average width of integrated thickness is less than 1.5μ and the standard deviation is less than 0.7μ. The content rate of cBN is 45-70% by cubic volume. The average of fitness is ranged from 2 to 6μ. For the second sintered body, the average thickness is less than 1.0μ and the average of fitness is 0.01-2.0μ.
Patent KR-20010010820-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM CHANG GYUN
IPC: H01L21/31
Filed: 1999-07-23
Abstract: PURPOSE: A semiconductor device and a manufacturing method thereof are to prevent a crack on an N/O/N layer pattern, thus to improve a sensing capability of a sensor device on the N/O/N layer pattern. CONSTITUTION: A manufacturing method of a semiconductor device comprises the steps of: forming the first conductive epitaxial layer(20) on the first conductive silicon substrate(10); selectively forming the first high concentrated conductive diffusion region on a part of the epitaxial layer; forming an N/O/N layer pattern on the diffusion region; electrochemical-etching the resultant object using the N/O/N layer pattern to form a polysilicon layer(50); forming a sensor device on the N/O/N layer pattern; and forming a crack-prevention layer pattern between the N/O/N layer pattern and the diffusion region for preventing a crack on the N/O/N layer pattern.
Patent KR-20010011057-A (KR)
Inventor: PARK SEUNG DEOK
IPC: H04B1/38
Filed: 1999-07-24
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for confirming telephone fees in a mobile wireless terminal is provided to notify a mobile telephone of a telephone fee specification corresponding to a date designated by a user, so as to make the user confirm the telephone fees, and to control unnecessary calls to save the telephone fees. CONSTITUTION: A controller requests a telephone fee confirming service from a mobile wireless terminal to a mobile exchanging network. If a signal for requesting the telephone fee confirming service is received to the mobile exchanging network, the controller transmits a signal for requesting a date/time input for confirming the telephone fees to the mobile wireless terminal. If the signal for requesting a date/time input is received to the mobile wireless terminal, the controller transmits date/time data for confirming the telephone fees, which is inputted by a user, to the mobile exchanging network. If the date/time data are received, the controller delivers a telephone fee specification corresponding to the date and the time to the mobile wireless terminal.
Patent KR-20010011703-A (KR)
Inventor: CHA JONG HO
IPC: H04B1/38
Filed: 1999-07-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: A wireless hands free device is provided to transceive data of an enhanced variable rate coding/qualcomm code excluded linear predictive coder(EVRC/QCELP) method having a narrow bandwidth between the hands free device and a cellular phone, so as to greatly reduce a bandwidth requested for a wireless communication between the hands free device and the cellular phone. CONSTITUTION: A speaker converts an electrical signal into a sound. A micro phone converts the sound into the electrical signal. A wireless circuit(110) is available for a wireless communication with a second wireless circuit(130) of a cellular phone. A vocoder(220) converts voice digital data of an enhanced variable rate coding/qualcomm code excluded linear predictive coder(EVRC/QCELP) method from the wireless circuit(110) into voice digital data of a pulse code modulation(PCM), and converts the voice digital data of the PCM into the voice digital data of the EVRC/QCELP method from the wireless circuit(110). A coder/decoder(CODEC)(230) converts the PCM voice data of the vocoder(220) into an analog signal, and converts the analog signal into the PCM voice data. A sound circuit(240) amplifies the analog signal from the CODEC(230) to transmit the analog signal to the speaker, and amplifies the electrical signal from the micro phone to transmit the electrical signal to the CODEC(230).
Patent KR-19990078885-A (KR)
Title: 도트매트릭스형 영상표시시스템의 컬러 조정장치와 그 방법
Filed: 1999-08-17
Abstract: 본 발명은 LED 도트매트릭스모듈을 화면재현하기 위한 영상데이터의 처리를 수행하는 표시제어장치의 구성을 그 조립 및 분해가 용이한 커스텀칩(Custom Chip) 형태의 모듈로서 제공함과 더불어, 비교적 간단한 구성에 의해서 주변의 환경변환에 적응적으로 LED의 휘도조정단계를 16,777,216단계 이상까지 확대시켜서 휘도의 미세조정이 가능하도록 된 LED 표시시스템의 휘도/컬러 조정장치와 그 방법을 제공한다. 
     이를 위해 본 발명에서 외부로부터 제공되는 R/G/B-컬러영상데이터에 의해 일정한 영상표시용 전류를 발생하는 정전류 구동수단으로부터의 영상표시용 전류에 의해 R/G/B-컬러 LED의 도트매트릭스를 점등하여 영상을 표시하는 LED 도트매트릭스모듈을 갖춘 LED 영상표시시스템에 있어서, 상기 외부로부터의 R/G/B-컬러영상데이터와 표시위치정보로서의 어드레스신호 및 쉬프트클럭을 공급받아 각각의 R/G/B-컬러영상데이터에 대해 데이터쉬프트 및 데이터래치시키고, 외부로부터 감지된 주변 조도에 대한 R/G/B-컬러의 휘도검출신호에 의거하여 다수 단계의 계조도로 펄스폭을 가변시킨 다수의 변환제어펄스에 의해 상기 데이터래치된 R/G/B-컬러영상데이터의 휘도를 다수 단계의 계조도로 조정하여 상기 정전류 구동수단으로 출력하는 R/G/B-컬러용 영상표시 제어모듈을 포함하여 구성된 것을 특징으로 한다.
Patent KR-20010019851-A (KR)
Inventor: JUNG UN DU
IPC: D06M14/08
Filed: 1999-08-31
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided is a preparation process of polyester fabrics having excellent water repellent and antistatic property by preventing stickiness of clothes and adsorption of dust while sewing or wearing, and solving the problem of wearers' discomfort while discharging. CONSTITUTION: This polyester fabrics is prepared by: graft polymerization of an aqueous solution comprising 10 to 14 parts by weight of a compound containing polyethyleneglycol-diacrylate as a hydrophilic monomer, 0.01 to 0.05 parts by weight of a radical polymerization initiator, and 2.0 to 4.0 parts by weight of a permeating agent on the surface and pore spaces of polyester fabrics; and mixing in an aqueous solution containing 3.0 to 5.0 parts by weight of a fluoro compound having a soft segment and 3.0 to 5.0 parts by weight of a fluoro compound having a hard segment, and reinforcement to form a film on its surface.
Patent KR-20010026094-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM SU GWANG
IPC: B24B5/00
Filed: 1999-09-03
Abstract: PURPOSE: A diamond tool equipped on a segment typed cutting tip is provided to prevent environmental pollution and danger to a user, to improve cutting force of a tool, and to reduce producing cost of the tool by decreasing amount of a diamond. CONSTITUTION: A diamond tool containing a segment typed cutting tip comprises a wheel body(11) engaged to a shaft of an electric motor; diamond powder(16) vertically arranged in parallel to a rotating direction of a tool; two diamond layers(14,15) including the diamond powder; and a non-diamond unit(17) having no diamond powder; and plural diamond layer segments(12) mounted on a circumference of a wheel body while being formed by the diamond layers and the non-diamond unit. Thereby, the segment typed cutting tip drills, cuts, and grinds the material formed by the diamond layer segments. The diamond layers form more than two linear cutting grooves(18,18') in a cutting operation of the tool. The material portion located between the cutting grooves is easily broken to a large size by rubfriction or rotational impact of a non-diamond portion of the tool.
Patent KR-20000062131-A (KR)
Title: 자동 트래킹 장치 및 방법
IPC: H04N9/64
Filed: 1999-09-20
Abstract: 입력 신호의 주파수 및 위상 편이를 감지하는 장치 설계와 공정 방법에 있어서, 상기 장치 설계 및 공정 방법은 한 개이상의 표본 추출기를 포함하고, 상기 한 개 이상의 표본 추출기는 클럭 신호에 따라 입력 신호로부터 연속적인 표본을 취한다. 각각의 연속적인 표본에 대해서 값이 결정되고, 연속적인 표본들 사이에서 차가 계산된다. 이 차는 제곱되고 더해진다. 표본화는 여러 클럭 신호에 GOGO 여러 세트의 데이터에 적용된다. 입력 신호의 주파수와 위상 편이에 적절한 클럭 신호는 제곱된 차의 합에 따라 선택된다.
Patent KR-20000000148-A (KR)
Inventor: SONG PAL YONG
IPC: G02B21/24
Filed: 1999-09-21
Abstract: PURPOSE: A horizontal controller is provided to keeping a horizontal state of a mounting specimen continuously for enabling to examine the surface of the specimen precisely and to take a photograph. CONSTITUTION: A horizontal controller for an erect typed microscope comprises: a fixing tube and a manual adjusting bolt fixing a mounting specimen; a horizontal plate used for setting the mounting specimen in the fixing tube to be horizontally; a specimen protecting groove on the horizontal plate for protecting the specimen; and a fixing tube groove on the horizontal plate for fixing the fixing tube.
Patent KR-20000023378-A (KR)
Inventor: GATO DAKASHI
IPC: A44B19/12
Filed: 1999-09-22
Abstract: PURPOSE: Coil-shaped consecutive element heat for the slide fastener is provided which secures accurate pitch between elements that is carried on a mandrel in high-speed driving and shapes accurate upper leg form at the predetermined position of each element. CONSTITUTION: The element heat is produced from consecutive monofilament(4) of plastics by the following steps of: (a) Winding consecutive monofilament around the mandrel(21) in a spiral form; (b) Maintaining the monofilament between opposite screws and carrying; (c) Compressing the spiral monofilament at the predetermined position of the mandrel to form gear head(H); and (d) Compressing parts corresponding to the upper leg of spiral monofilament(4) wherein gear head is formed at the predetermined position of the mandrel to form the upper leg stepwise.
Patent KR-20010035737-A (KR)
Title: Method for driving plasma display panel
Inventor: JUNG YUN GWON
IPC: G09G3/293
Filed: 1999-10-01
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for driving a plasma display panel is provided to allot one frame time to a discharge sustain and an address by performing the address while maintaining a discharge. CONSTITUTION: A plasma display panel is divided into an address block necessary to an address and a sustain block necessary to a discharge sustain. A data signal for an address is supplied to the address block. A data signal for a discharge sustain is supplied to the sustain block so that an address and a discharge sustain are simultaneously performed. A reset pulse is supplied to a scan electrode and a common sustain electrode of the address block to make cells to an initial state. A scan pulse is supplied to the scan electrode in synchronism with a data pulse supplied to a data electrode. A sustain pulse is supplied to a scan electrode and a common sustain electrode of the sustain block by turns and an erase pulse is supplied to remove all cells corresponding to the common sustain electrode of the sustain block.