baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-887718-A (GB)
Title: Process for the manufacture of ª+-caprolactam
IPC: C07C51/093
Filed: 1958-02-03
Abstract: S -Caprolactam is prepared by reacting an ester of 5-chlorovaleric acid with an alkane-diol monoalkyl ether, of which the alkane-diol contains 2-4 carbon atoms and the alkyl group contains 1-4 carbon atoms, or with a cyclic ether alcohol such as tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, with an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal cyanide in the presence of an ethylene glycol monoaryl ether, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol or a partially etherified alkane-diol or -triol of which the alcohol component contains 2-4 carbon atoms and all but one of the hydroxy groups are etherified with alkyl radicals containing 1-4 carbon atoms, and in the presence of a catalytic amount of iodine, to form the corresponding ester of 5-eyanovaleric acid, and hydrogenating the latter under a pressure of 5-50 atmospheres gauge in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst.  The product contains monomeric and polymeric caprolactam, and the later may be depolymerised by thermal splitting in the presence of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal compound of alkaline reaction, such as an oxide, hydroxide or alcoholate, or in the presence of an acid-reacting substance such as a perborate or percarbonate; or by superheated steam in the presence of a non-volatile acid or alkali. Preferably the same alcohol is used as esterifying component of the starting ester and as solvent for the reaction with the metal cyanide.  The starting ester may be obtained by esterification of the acid produced by sulphuric acid hydrolysis of 1,5,5,5-tetrachloropentane, which itself may be obtained by reacting ethylene with carbon tetrahydrochloride at 70 DEG C.-100 DEG C. under pressure in the presence of a free-radical polymerisation catalyst.
Patent GB-585583-A (GB)
Title: An improved process and apparatus for the continuous crystallisation of sugar
IPC: C13B30/02
Filed: 1944-02-25
Abstract: Sugar solution is introduced into the first of a series of connected and heated pans or compartments in which the initial development of the sugar crystals is performed by concentration of the solution, the resulting mixture is passed in a continuous stream through the remaining compartments or pans to obtain development of the sugar crystals to the required size by continued heating and the injection of further sugar solution to the mixture as it passes into each pan, the continued movement of the stream through the compartments or pans being obtained by withdrawing the mixture from the last pan or compartment, the rate of withdrawal of sugar being adjusted to equal the rate of entrance of sugar injected into the first compartment. The process may be carried out under vacuum.  Figs. 1 and 2 show an evaporator the lower part of which is radially divided by partitions 7 into six compartments I to VI arranged round a central tube 8, each compartment being provided with an independent feed pipe 11 and an independent tubular heater 6. Sugar solution is continuously supplied to compartment I and crystallization is initiated by evaporation, either with or without seeding.  The mixture overflows <PICT:0585583/III/1> <PICT:0585583/III/2> by duct 12 into compartment II where evaporation is continued and more sugar solution is added at such rates as to maintain oversaturation and cause development of the crystals.  This development is continued in compartments III to V, the mixture passing onwards through the ducts 12, each of which is lower in level than the preceding one, and is completed in compartment VI from which the mixture is continuously discharged through outlet 13.  An apparatus is also described with six separate pans.
Patent GB-623110-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in rollerway conveyors
IPC: B65G47/64
Filed: 1947-02-06
Abstract: 623,110. Roller-way conveyers.. BRITISH CELANESE, Ltd. Feb. 6, 1947, No. 3576. Convention date, Feb. 6, 1946. [Classes 78 (i) and 78 (iv)] A conveyer system comprises a stationary framework 3, 4 having rollers 6 mounted thereon; a movable framework 13 having rollers 14 and normally in alignment with the stationary framework; supporting means including trackway 23 to enable it to be withdrawn from alignment with the stationary framework ; and means such as inclined rail 25 for causing the movable framework to tilt as it is withdrawn. As shown, the movable framework 13 carrying rollers 6 is supported at turnpoint ; firstly at 19 to pivot on the carriage 15 which runs on wheels 22 on rails 23, and secondly, by side pieces 34, the rollers 32 of which run in inclined guideways 25. In the normal position the movable framework is inserted into a gap in the stationary rollerway line 3 and encloses the part 14 of the stationary rollerway line, so that the whole forms a continuous set of rollers. When a case 12 has arrived into the position of Fig. 2, the operator pulls back the carriage by means of its handle 36 so that the rollers 32 ride up the guide rails 25 and the framework with case tilts to clear the stationary rollerway and comes to rest (dotted lines of Fig. 1) with the case supported by stop member 37 pivotally mounted on the carriage 15. The operator then moves handle 40 so that trigger 38 slides under catch 39 and locks the framework in this position for the case to be withdrawn or packed in situ. Rollers 14 may be higher than rollers 6 so that, when the framework is pushed forward into its normal straddling position, the loaded case may be easily pushed further along the conveyer line.
Patent GB-1155764-A (GB)
Title: Films
IPC: C08J7/052
Filed: 1967-01-25
Abstract: 1,155,764. Coated films. EASTMAN KODAK CO. 25 Jan., 1967 [1 Feb., 1966], No. 3706/67. Heading B2E. [Also in Division C3] A plastics film comprises a preformed polyethylene film having on at least one surface a coating comprising a polyethylene having a tack temperature of at least 20F. below the tack temperature of the preformed polyethylene film and a density less than 0.920g/cc. and a melt index about 20, at least one fatty amide derivative and a hard wax, the weight ratio of polyethylene; fatty amide derivative and hard wax together is more than 2.5:1 but less than 55:1. The coated film may have a composite thickness of 1 to 10 mils. The coating composition may be applied at the rate of 0.35 to 0.60 1b. per 1,000 sq. ft. of film surface. The film may be of high density polyethylene. The fatty amide derivative may be at least one long chain fatty acid amide such as oleamide. The wax may be carnauba wax. The films are self-lubricating, highslip and heat-sealable and may contain anti-static agents.
Patent GB-607489-A (GB)
Title: A process for the production of para-oxy-phenyl-arsinic acid
IPC: C07F9/74
Filed: 1946-02-06
Abstract: Para-hydroxy-phenylarsinic acid is prepared by reacting a soluble arsenite and 4-hydroxy-diazobenzene hydrochloride in the presence of copper which has been partially oxidized.  In an example, the monosodium salt of parahydroxy phenylarsinic acid is prepared by diazotizing para-aminophenol with hydrochloric acid and sodium nitrite, and pouring the product into an aqueous solution of sodium arsenite and caustic soda in the presence of copper which has been partially oxidized by heating in air at a temperature between 300 DEG and 500 DEG  C. for between 15 and 60 minutes.
Patent GB-988470-A (GB)
Title: Process of treating heavy hydrocarbons
IPC: C10G69/06
Filed: 1962-01-31
Abstract: A process of treating heavy hydrocarbons to prepare more volatile products comprises subjecting a crude, reduced crude, or topped crude petroleum hydrocarbon having an A.P.I. gravity of below 20 to moderate visbreaking to form less than 20% gasoline, and subjecting at least the gasoline-free portion of the visbroken material to treatment with hydrogen in the presence of a destructive hydrogenation catalyst to form lower boiling components with comcomitant hydrodesulphurization, hydrogenation conditions being:- .Pressure .. ...35-350 Kg/cm2 .Temperature.. ...343-438 DEG  C .Space velocity ...0.2-1. V/V/Hr .Hydrogen recycle rate.28-566 SCM/BBl The visbreaking may be effected in any conventional manner, for example by passing through a heating coil at 454-524 DEG  C., 3.5-420 kg/cm2 gauge for a time of 250-1000 seconds, and the material may then be separated into various fractions by distillation, before the hydrogenating treatment.  The hydrogenation catalyst may be an oxide or sulphide of chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, uranium, iron, cobalt, or nickel, alone or in admixture, which may be deposited on a porous carrier such as pumice, activated alumina, or silica-alumina.
Patent GB-104729-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Valves.
IPC: F16K17/00
Filed: 1916-03-14
Abstract: 104,729. Marks, E. C. R., (Compagnia Italiana dei Bronzi Speciali C.I.B S.). March 14, 1916. Lift valves; scoring of faces and seats, preventing; indicators, applications of.-In a screw-down valve of the type comprising a cylindrical head 4, a surrounding dome or hood 5 the lower edge of which forms a second closure member, and an annular depending extension 6 between the head 4 and the hood 5, the lower edge of the extension 6 is extended below the level of the lower edge of the cylindrical head. During the period in which the cylindrical head is leaving or approaching its seat, the steam, by impinging on the depending extension, is caused to flow around the domed annular space, thus reducing the wearing or scoring action on the valve seat and face. The extension 6 enters an annular recess between the seating surfaces. The handle 10 is fitted with a bellshaped member 9 which encloses the upper parts of the valve and slides within a collar 8<1> on the valve cover 8. This arrangement serves also to indicate the position of the valve.
Patent GB-810729-A (GB)
Title: Method of removing weld flash
IPC: B23D79/02
Filed: 1956-02-07
Abstract: 810,729. Welding by pressure; upsetting; broaching. KELSEY-HAYES CO. Feb. 7,1956 [Feb. 21, 1955], No. 3824/56. Classes 83 (3) and 83 (4). In removing flash from a butt-welded joint of a sheet metal blank having flash on both sides, and extending beyond opposite edges of the blank, the flash extending beyond one edge of the blank is displaced to one or both sides of the blank and then the flash at both sides of the blank is cut away by cutters moving toward said one edge from the opposite edge and drawing the flash at the opposite edge by movement of the cutters for removal thereof simultaneously with the flash at opposite sides of the blank. A hooped, flat, sheet metal tyre rim blank has its ends welded by electrodes 1-4, Fig. 2, to produce a joint with flash extending from the sides and edges of the blank. With the blank still clamped by the electrodes, and with the flash still plastic, a V-ended forging hammer 6, Fig. 3, displaces the flash at one edge substantially entirely to the sides of the blank. The hammer is secured to a piston rod 7 having a piston 8 in a cylinder 9 pivoted at 10 to a plate 11 on the stationary welding platen, the cylinder being angularly adjustable by a screw 12 coacting with a spring-pressed plunger 14. With the flash displaced, the blank is removed from the welding machine and the flash on both sides of the blank is removed in a trimmer having cutters 17, 18, Fig. 7, movable across the blank towards the displaced flash. The joint may be between separate pieces.
Patent GB-598556-A (GB)
Title: Treatment of cellulosic materials including cotton and like fibres, yarns and fabrics with solvent swelling agents
IPC: D06M11/42
Filed: 1945-02-16
Abstract: Fibrous cellulosic materials, in particular cotton fabrics are given a smooth finish when subjected to the controlled application of a swelling agent and solvent consisting of a copper hydroxide solution in an alkylamine, an alkylene amine or a primary aliphatic diamine, followed by removal of the excess reagent and neutralization of that which remains in the materials.  The reagent is applied for a short period and in such concentration that it results only in an initial plasticizing of the material. A solution of copper hydroxide in aqueous ethylene diamine or di-ethylene-triamine may be used.  Heavy pressure at the squeezing rollers which remove excess reagent is advantageous. Cellulose may be added to the reagent to act as a filler or the materials may be treated with a filler such as starch prior to treatment with the solvent.  The treatment may be applied locally to obtain pattern effects.  The materials may be dyed before, during or after the treatment.  In one example bleached mercerized cotton fabric treated with a saturated solution of copper hydroxide in a 5 per cent solution of ethylene diamine hydrate for a few seconds, excess reagent being squeezed off, is aired a few minutes and then passed into an acid bath to neutralize the reagent and is subsequently washed and dried.  By prolonging the p  reaction of the swelling agent a stiffer finish may be obtained. Caustic soda may be included in the solution of the solvent. Specification 468,633 is referred to.  The Provisional Specification also refers to the use of nickel ammonium hydroxide.
Patent GB-1115974-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to separator plates for electrical storage batteries
IPC: H01M50/437
Filed: 1966-01-28
Abstract: A microporous sheet of cured phenol/resorcinol/formaldehyde resin having pores whose average diameter does not exceed 5 microns is obtained by solidifying the resin in the presence of water under conditions which do not permit the loss of volatile materials from the sheet, heating the solidified sheet to cause evaporation of volatile materials and curing the resin.  The final heating to evaporate volatile materials may also cure the resin. The mixture of phenol, resorcinol and formaldehyde is condensed in an alkaline medium, diluted with water, neutralized with acid and precured before solidifying into sheet form.  An inhibitor, e.g. methanol, may be added to the mixture before precuring. The resin contains 5 to 95 mole per cent of resorcinol based on the phenol and 100 to 150 mole per cent of formaldehyde based on the phenol and resorcinol.  An inert filler and/or fibres may be added in an amount up to 200% by weight of fillers and up to 25% by weight of fibres based on the weight of the resin.  Many suitable fillers and fibres are listed. The sheet is used as a battery separator and may have a plurality of spaced apart ribs on one or both sides.  These may be formed integrally with the sheet.
Patent GB-524671-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electric signalling systems
IPC: H03K7/08
Filed: 1939-02-07
Abstract: 524,671. Transmission systems. KOLSTERBRANDES, Ltd., and BEATTY, W. A. Feb. 7, 1939, No. 4013. [Class 40 (iv)] [Also in Group XL] Sound or other waves are represented by pulses of constant frequency but of duration varying with the amplitude of the wave, and each pulse commences or terminates with a relatively short pulse of fixed duration but differing in amplitude from the main portion of the pulse. In the pulse form shown at RT, the terminating edges of the pulses occur at equal time intervals but the pulses commence at intervals depending on the amplitude of the wave whereas pulse form S/RT is derived from RT and comprises short pulses occurring at the commencement of the pulse RT. These pulse forms are described in Specification 511,222 and 523,575 and the present invention provides a combination RT +S/RT of the two forms. Form RT when modulated on a carrier is readily received by an ordinary broad band receiver, e.g., for sound accompanying short-wave television but S/RT requires a much broader band although less subject to interference. In reception, the short initial pulses are separated and combined with a further set of pulses, derived from a relaxation oscillation generator synchronised with the termination of the main pulses to form the double pulse type D/RT described in the above Specifications. The pulses may be generated by a cathode ray tube in a manner similar to that described in Specification 523,575. Two targets are used, one 16, Fig. 2, providing the main portions of the pulses and a separate narrow one 17 providing the short initial portions, the relative amplitudes of the portions being determined by applied target voltages or by output impedances.
Patent GB-253170-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in internal combustion engines
IPC: F02B41/08
Filed: 1925-02-13
Abstract: 253,170. Hollick, T. D. Feb. 13, 1925. Starting; stopping.- In a compound engine, to reduce the resistance at starting, the lowpressure final exhaust valve may be held open by a wedge. The engine is stopped by a lever 27 which is pulled down sufficiently to bring the top of a shell 23 on a sleeve 28 fixed on the spindle of the inlet valve 14.
Patent GB-407718-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electric cables
IPC: H01B7/02
Filed: 1932-09-16
Abstract: 407,718. Cables. ROST, H., 170, Calle Patzcuaro, Mexico City. Sept. 16, 1932, No. 4229. [Class 36.] In a cable of the kind having a conductor surrounded by a number of extruded insulating layers of thermoplastic material and wherein the dielectric and mechanical properties of the whole insulation is graded from the conductor to the exterior of the insulation by adding different proportions of plastifiers to the material of the layers, each insulating layer consists of a composition comprising either (1) polyvinyl acetate, polystyrol or other polyvinyl compound which does not contain an hydroxyl group ; (2) condensation products of polyvinyl compounds with an aldehyde ; or (3) cellulose esters. To facilitate conduction of heat from the cable and, in multicore a cable to give all the conductors the same potential relative to each other and to the sheath, each insulated conductor has one or more thin continuous layers of metal tape or foil, preferably of aluminium, and the cores are bound together by a wrapping of metal tape. The cable may be finally enclosed in a welded aluminium sheath, or the outer sheath may be of the thermoplastic insulating material specified above. Several embodiments are described of cables having three layers of insulating composition comprising the abovenamed materials and in addition tricresyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, cresol, diphenyl propane and diphenyl propane formaldehyde.
Patent GB-711517-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to wrapping machines
IPC: B65B41/04
Filed: 1952-02-18
Abstract: 711,517. Wrapping machines. FORGROVE MACHINERY CO., Ltd., and BROOK, L. Dec. 22, 1952 [Feb. 18, 1952], No. 4254/52. Class 94 (1) A wrapping machine includes a wrapper-feeding picker of which the top jaw moves back out of the way of the wrapper when the latter is carried with the article to be wrapped into the wrapping mechanism. A picker 20 comprises a top jaw 31 coacting with a bottom jaw 32 pivoted to the upper ends of a lever 34 and a link 36 and is given substantially horizontal movement when a bell crank 57 is rocked to and fro on a shaft 56. A shaft 70 is rocked clockwise by a cam (not shown), and by means of a link 42 causes an arm 61 pivoted to the bottom jaw to move clockwise, rack teeth 55 thus rotating a gear wheel (not shown) and causing a crank pin 49 to move downwardly and rearwardly. The top jaw 31 is thus moved upwardly then rearwardly by an arm 44 connecting the crank pin 49 to the top jaw after which the gripper is moved upwardly to the level indicated in chain dottted lines by means of anticlockwise rotation of a shaft and amm 82, 83 connected by link 86, lever 87 and link 36 to the rear end of the lower jaw at 38. After the article and wrapper have been raised by an elevator 23 to the wrapping mechanism and the elevator has descended below the path of the picker feed, the picker moves forward with its jaws open to receive the next wrapper which is then gripped and fed into position above the elevator, the gripper then dipping to the position shown. In the event of an obstruction to forward movement of the picker, a spring-urged catch 89 pivoted to lever 34 is forced out of a notch 94 in the rear face of the bell crank 57 which is allowed to complete its forward stroke without driving the lever. The catch re-engages the notch on the return stroke of the bell crank. Specification 702,154 is referred to.
Patent GB-511044-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to silencers for steam safety valves
IPC: F01B31/16
Filed: 1938-02-11
Abstract: 511,044. Silencing gaseous currents. COCKBURNS, Ltd., and GRANT, T. Feb. 11, 1938, No. 4303. [Class 7 (ii)] A silencer for steam safety valves comprises a casing 1 with outlet at 7, a central steam inlet pipe 4, and a number of intermediate pipes 2, 3 forming a tortuous annular passage between the inlet and outlet, end walls 9 and 10 being provided for this purpose. The pipe 2, with its end wall 9, may be adjustable axially by means of screws 14. The casing 1 and pipes 2, 3 are formed with segmental baffle-fins 11, 12, 13 which are staggered circumferentially. Drainage of condensate occurs at 21, 20. The steam-inlet nozzle 4 is formed by a convergent pipe with a number of lateral nozzles 4a.
Patent GB-1423562-A (GB)
Title: Vehicle for conveying a container for radioactive materials
IPC: B60P3/00
Filed: 1973-01-30
Abstract: 1423562 Vehicles for special unclassified loads S L REESE 30 Jan 1973 4340/75 Divided out of 1423561 Heading B7B and B7L A vehicle for conveying a container for radioactive materials comprises yoke means provided on a frame of the vehicle for securing the container in a space defined by the frame. In a preferred embodiment, Fig. 4, yokes 79, 81 including pivoted locking arms 76, 78 are secured to the inside of longitudinal beams 40, 42. Resting inside or fixed to the yokes are three base plates 66 carrying fins 68, which plates define a trough-shaped space 88, Fig. 6, for receiving a smooth wall container 70 which forms the subject of the invention of Specification 1,423,561. The container 70 has collars 69, 71 serving as stops which rest on the outside of yokes 79, 81. The base plates 66 are firmly secured to the container walls and maximize heat transfer to the atmosphere. A fourth base plate 72 with fins 74 is secured at its ends to the pivoted locking arms 76, 78. In this way the corners and edges of the container will not contact the ground in case the vehicle overturns. In a modification, Fig. 10 (not shown), the base plates 66, 72 are omitted. In a further modification, Fig. 11, U-shaped members 96, 98 are welded to beams 40, 42 and further U-shaped members 92, 94 are bolted to the beams to secure the container. The vehicle may be employed as a railway vehicle.
Patent GB-271378-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to suspension chains for electroliers, chandeliers and the like, and their manufacture
IPC: F16G13/14
Filed: 1927-02-17
Abstract: 271,378. Perry, E. J. Feb. 17,1927. Tubular and like through-way link chains for electroliers, chandeliers, &c., of the kind wherein each link comprises a looped part a terminating in ends a<1> having registering eyes a<2> through which the next similar link is threaded, have lateral flanges provided on the parts a<1> substantially parallel to the plane of the loop a and forming an open hood to accommodate and hide the electric wires or gas tubing crossing over within it. The exterior of the Joop c may be chanelled to acommodate the wires or tubing passing around it. The extreme ends a<3> of the links may be shaped to correspond with the loops in which they engage.