Patent GB-1172221-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to Propellent Grains
IPC: F02K9/10
Filed: 1961-06-08
Abstract: 1,172,221. Propellants. ATLANTIC RESEARCH CORP. 8 June, 1961 [9 June, 1960], No. 20842/61. Heading F3A. [Also in Division C1] A propellent grain comprises a self-oxidant propellent matrix in which is embedded one or more elongated metal members composed of at least two metals in intimate contact, the metals being such that on heating they react together exothermically. Burning rates of the propellent grains are increased and do not change greatly with pressure. The preferred metal combination is palladium and aluminium, but other combinations are referred to; the metals may be associated with one another by cladding, welding, soldering, electroplating, or compression moulding of a mixture of particulate metals. The propellent composition may be nitrocellulose gelatinized with nitroglycerine or a mixture of an organic fuel and an inorganic solid oxidizer. A suitable semisolid propellant contains ammonium perchlorate, polyvinyl chloride, a plasticizer, wetting agent, and carbon black; aluminium powder may be added as an additional fuel. As shown in Fig. 1A, the combustion chamber 4 of a rocket motor contains end-burning propellent grain 2 which has an inhibitor coating 7; a wire 1 comprises a core of aluminium, magnesium, or zinc clad with a sheath of platinum or palladium. After ignition of surface 3, the end of the wire reacts exothermically and the burning surface propagates rapidly along the wire forming a deep V-shaped recess, thus increasing the burning surface and rate of gas generation. If a plurality of spaced parallel wires is used, the maximum burning rate is more rapidly established; thus effect may also be produced by allowing the wires to protrude slightly from the initial ignition surface or by providing conical recesses in the surface around the wires. The wires may extend only part of the length of the grain so as to alter the rate of gas generation at a predetermined time during burning, Figs. 10 and 11 (not shown). The burning rate may also be varied by altering the cross-sectional area of the metal member along the grain, by varying the relative proportions of the metals along the metal member, or by replacing part of the metal member by an inert metal conductor such as silver or copper. The exothermic metal members may be tubular or arranged concentrically. The metalmember may be in the form of a framework 22 having passages of hexagonal cross-section, Fig. 16 (not shown). With perforated grains, metal wires 1 may be arranged transversely as shown in Fig. 18, the surfaces 7 being inhibited and the surface 25 uninhibited; alternatively, longitudinal metal strips may extend from the central perforation to the outer surface. When the propellent contains a powdered metal fuel, the metal members may be insulated from loss of heat to the propellent by being coated for example with a propellent composition not containing metal fuel. Other insulating coatings specified include cellulose esters and ethers, rubber, and synthetic polymers; the synthetic polymers may contain organic plasticizers and finely-divided solids, examples of which are given. Short lengths of exothermic metal wire may be randomly dispersed in the propellent matrix, Fig. 32 (not shown); improved burning rate is obtained if these wires are oriented in the direction of flame propagation. Graphs show the variation of burning rate with pressure of the grains according to the invention as compared with grains containing silver wires and without wires.