baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent MX-PA04004800-A (MX)
Title: Method for preparing a composition containing at least an internal dehydrating product of a hydrogenated sugar.
Inventor: PATRICK FUERTES
IPC: A23L27/30
Filed: 2002-11-18
Abstract: The invention concerns a novel method for preparing a composition for internal dehydration of a hydrogenated sugar, characterized in that it comprises: a) a step which consists in distillation of a medium containing said internal dehydration product to obtain a distillate enriched with said product; b) optionally at least a subsequent step which consists in purifying the resulting distillate; c) a subsequent step which consists in bringing said distillate obtained at step a), optionally subjected to step b), in the presence of an agent capable of enhancing the stability of the internal dehydration product contained for the major part in the distillate, said agent not being in gaseous form; d) optionally a subsequent step which consists in forming the resulting composition for internal dehydration of a hydrogenated sugar. Said method enables in particular to obtain a stable isosorbide composition, characterized by its purity and/or its content of certain species, whether stabilizing or not.
Patent MX-PA04008208-A (MX)
Title: Washer, fastener provided with a washer, method of and power tool for fastening objects.
Inventor: JOHN K JUNKERS
IPC: F16B39/12
Filed: 2004-08-24
Abstract: A washer has a body having at least one inner segment arranged to cooperate with a fastener which has a rod with one end connectable toward one side of an object to be tightened or loosened and another end to extend to another side of the object and having at least one thread portion for engagement by a nut, the body being arranged to enhance a cooperation between the at least one inner segment and the another end of the rod underneath the at least one thread portion to create a friction between the at least one inner segment and the another end of the rod, the body having an axis and being provided with a first outer surface located at one axial side and adapted to cooperate with the nut threadingly connected with the rod on the another end, with a second outer surface located at an opposite axial side and adapted to cooperate with the object, and with at least one inner surface adapted to cooperate with the at least one inner segment, so that when a tool is applied and the nut is turned by the tool to overcome a thread friction with the rod, and the rod wants to turn along while a holding force holds the body stationary, the at least one inner segment stops the rod from turning so that any further turning of the nut elongates or relaxes the rod in an axial direction to tighten or loosen the rod by elongating or relaxing the rod. Also, a method and a power tool for tightening and loosening with the use of the washer is proposed.
Patent MX-PA04012153-A (MX)
Title: Vented closures for containers.
Inventor: GREGORY KEVORKIAN
IPC: A41D13/005
Filed: 2003-06-03
Abstract: Disclosed are beverage containers and closures for beverage containers that are vented for the purpose of reducing negative pressure or vacuum that builds up inside the container when a beverage is being consumed therefrom. Also disclosed are closures which provide for chemical treatment of a liquid by a porous treatment matrix when the liquid is dispensed through the closure.
Patent MX-PA05002173-A (MX)
Title: Fire resistant construction.
Inventor: SMITH IVAN THRALL
IPC: E04B2/28
Filed: 2005-02-24
Abstract: The present invention is directed to a structure having a fire resistance rated, area separation wall including: a first building unit; a second building uni t; and a two-hour fire resistance rated, area separation wall having only outer membranes. In the preferred embodiment, the two-hour fire resistance rated, area separation wa ll includes: (a) an interior support structure; (b) only an outer membrane on each side of the interior support structure; and (c) a substantially organic thermal insulation barrier between the outer membranes. Also, in the preferred embodiment, the structur e having a fire resistance rated, area separation wall includes a tying structure connecting the fire resistance rated, area separation wall to the first unit and the second unit.
Patent MX-PA05006647-A (MX)
Title: Naphthyridine derivatives and their use as fungicides.
Inventor: MARKUS DOBLER
IPC: A01N43/90
Filed: 2003-12-03
Abstract: Fungicidal compositions of the general formula (1): wherein one of W, X, Y and Z is N and the others are CR8; R8 is H, halo, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy or halo(C1-4)alkyl, provided that when X is CH, Z is N, R is NHNH2, R1 is phenyl and R2 is Cl, W and Y are not both CCH3; one of R and R2 is NR3R4 and the other is halo, C1-8 alkyl, C1-8 alkoxy, C1-8 alkylthio, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl or cyano; R1 is aryl, heteroaryl, morpholino, piperidino or pyrrolidino; R3 and R4 are independently H, C1-8 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C1-8)-alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl(C1-6)alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C1-8)alkyl, NR5R6, provided that not both R3 and R4 are H or NR5R6,or R3 and R4 together form a C3-7 alkylene or C3-7 alkenylene chain optionally substituted with one or more C1-4 alkyl or C1-4 alkoxy groups, or, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, R3 and R4 form a morpholine, thiomorpholine, thiomorpholine S-oxide or thiomorpholine S-dioxide ring or a piperazine or piperazine N-(C1-4)alkyl (especially N-methyl) ring; and R5 and R6 are independently H, C1-8 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, aryl, aryl(Cl-8)-alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl(C1-6)alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroaryl(C1-8)alkyl; any of the foregoing alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or cycloalkyl groups or moieties (other than for R8) being optionally substituted with halogen, cyano, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 alkylcarbonyl, C1-6 alkoxycarbonyl, C1-6 haloalkoxy, C1-6 alkylthio, tri(C1-4)alkylsilyl, C1-6 alkylamino or C1-6 ialkylamino, any of the foregoing morpholine, thiomorpholine, piperidine, piperazine and pyrrolidine rings being optionally substituted with C1-4 alkyl (especially methyl), and any of the foregoing aryl or heteroaryl groups or moieties being optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from halo, hydroxy, mercapto, C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C2-6 alkenyloxy, C2-6 alkynyloxy, halo(C1-6)alkyl, halo(C1-6)alkoxy, C1-6 alkylthio, halo(C1-6)alkylthio, hydroxy(C1-6)alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy(C1-6)alkyl, C 1-6 cycloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl(C1-4)alkyl, phenoxy, benzyloxy, benzoyloxy, cyano, isocyano, thiocyanato, isothiocyanato, nitro, -NHCOR"', -NHCONR"'R"", -CONK"'R"", SO2R"', -OSO2R"', -COR"', -CR"'=NR" or -N=CR "'R"", in which R"' and R"" are independently hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl, halo-(C1-4)alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, halo(C1-4)alkoxy, C1-4 alkylthio, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl(C 1-4)alkyl, phenyl or benzyl groups beings optionally substituted with halogen, C1-4 alkyl or C1-4 alkoxy.
Patent MX-PA05006812-A (MX)
Title: Therapeutic agents.
Inventor: MIKAEL ULF JOHAN DAHLSTROM
IPC: A61K31/16
Filed: 2003-12-19
Abstract: The present invention provides the S enantiomer of a compound of formula (I) wherein R1 represents chloro, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy, R2 represents H or fluoro and R3 represents a C2-4alkyl group as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates and prodrugs thereof, to processes for preparing such compounds, to their the utility in treating clinical conditions including lipid disorders (dyslipidemias) whether or not associated with insulin resistance, to methods for their therapeutic use and to pharmaceutical compositions containing them.
Patent MX-PA05007621-A (MX)
Title: Rotor valve and seal.
Inventor: PERVAIZ MUHAMMAD
IPC: F16K11/085
Filed: 2004-01-07
Abstract: A rotor valve (10) having a rotor seal (34) containing a centrally disposed opening (52) for directing an external pressure (Pe) to a rear surface (35) of the seal for applying a sealing force against a sealing surface (36). A projection (38) of the seal surrounding the opening is disposed within a bore (40) formed in a rotor (14) of the valve. An O-ring seal (44) defines the portion of the rear surface exposed to the external pressure. The rotor may be supported on one end by a bearing assembly (80) and may be open at the opposed end for receiving incoming water. Circumferentially distributed slip-surface plugs extend radially beyond the diameter of the rotor to support the rotor along an interior surface (39) of the valve body (12).
Patent MX-PA05008378-A (MX)
Title: Immunoglobulin anti integrin.
Inventor: PARTRIDGE LYNDA
IPC: C12N15/13
Filed: 2004-02-05
Abstract: A recombinant human immunoglobulin exhibiting immuno-specificity for integrins is described. In addition, nucleotide and peptide sequences encoding the recombinant immunoglobulin are descrebed, and uses thereof.
Patent MX-PA05009597-A (MX)
Title: Printing inks comprising cyclohexane polycarboxylic acid derivatives.
Inventor: SELBERDINGER RICHARD
IPC: C08K5/12
Filed: 2004-03-05
Abstract: The invention relates to printing inks, especially packaging printing inks, and printer's varnishes which contain cyclohexane polycarboxylic acid derivatives as components.
Patent MX-PA05009689-A (MX)
Title: Apparatus and method for storing signals and for distributing them by down-converting to vacant channels.
Inventor: BOWYER ANDREW ERIC
IPC: H04N7/24
Filed: 2004-03-09
Abstract: A server apparatus (20) is capable of distributing recorded content in a household and/or business dwelling using the existing coaxial cable infrastructure. According to an exemplary embodiment, the server apparatus (20) includes a front-end processor (21) operative to receive signals from a broadcast source and process the received signals to generate digital data. A memory (27) is operative to record the digital data. A controller (31) is operative to enable retrieval of the digital data from the memory (27). An encoder (28) is operative to encode the retrieved digital data with error correction data to generate encoded digital signals. A digital-to-analog converter (29) is operative to convert the encoded digital signals to analog signals. A modulator (30) is operative to modulate the analog signals to generate processed analog signals, which are provided to a client device (50) via a coaxial cable connecting the server apparatus (20) and the client device (50).
Patent MX-PA05009757-A (MX)
Title: Compounds and methods for lowering the abuse potential and extending the duration of action of a drug.
Inventor: JULES A SHAFER
IPC: A61K47/48
Filed: 2004-03-15
Abstract: The abuse potential of a bioavailable drug such as an opiate analgesic agent is reduced and its duration of action is extended by converting it to a poorly absorbed ester prodrug or other prodrug derivative prior to formulation. Unlike many existing sustained release formulations of active pharmaceutical agents wherein an active pharmaceutical agent can be released by chewing, crushing, or otherwise breaking tablets or capsule beads containing the active pharmaceutical agent, such mechanical processing of tablets or capsule beads containing a prodrug of this invention neither releases the active drug nor compromises the controlled conversion of prodrug to drug. Moreover, tablets and capsule beads containing prodrugs of this invention or other drugs can be formulated with a sufficient amount of a thickening agent such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose or carboxymethylcellulose to impede inappropriate intravenous and nasal administration of formulations that are not indicated for these modes of administration.
Patent MX-PA05012323-A (MX)
Title: Cyclic sulfonamides for inhibition of gamma-secretase.
Inventor: WILLIAMS BRIAN JOHN
IPC: C07D285/16
Filed: 2004-05-07
Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) inhibit the processing of APP by gamma-secretase, and hence are useful in the treatment or prevention of Alzheimer's disease.
Patent MX-PA06000163-A (MX)
Title: Method for hot dip coating a metal bar and method for hot dip coating.
Inventor: TENCKHOFF BERNHARD
IPC: C23C2/00
Filed: 2004-06-08
Abstract: The invention relates to a device for hot dip coating a metal bar (1), especially a steel strip, wherein the metal bar (1) is vertically guided through a container (3) receiving the molten coating metal (2) and through a guide channel (4) which is arranged upstream therefrom. A magnet, especially an electromagnetic inductor (5), is arranged in the region of the guide channel, said magnet generating a magnetic field in order to retain the coating metal (2) in the container (3). The container (3) is provided with molten coating metal (2) by a premelt container (6). The invention also relates to a method for hot dip coating wherein said type of device is used. According to the invention, the premelt container (6) is arranged below the guide channel (4) in order to technically adapt the existing system in a simple, efficient manner.
Patent MX-PA06000616-A (MX)
Title: Apparatus and method for transmitting control information in mobile communication system.
Inventor: CHUN SUNG-DUCK
IPC: H04W99/00
Filed: 2005-01-08
Abstract: An apparatus and method for transmitting control information in a mobile communication system transmits uplink or downlink control information required for an E-DCH transmission between MAC layers of a transmitting side and receiving side. The MAC layer of the transmitting side divides the MAC PDU into a MAC control PDU and a MAC data PDU and transmits data through the MAC data PDU and uplink or downlink control information through the MAC control PDU to the receiving side. The MAC control PDU includes an identifier for indicating a type of a MAC PDU and a sub-identifier for discriminating a type of the corresponding MAC control PDU.
Patent MX-PA06000811-A (MX)
Title: Emd locomotive engine governor low oil trip reset.
Inventor: WOLF DANIEL
IPC: F02B77/08
Filed: 2004-07-12
Abstract: An EMD locomotive engine low oil governor reset system, the governor (10) having a low oil reset plunger (18) which moves from an operating position to a tripped position out of a side of the governor (10) when a low oil condition has been sensed and has initiated shut down of the engine, the governor (10) also providing an electrical signal indicating the plunger (18) has been tripped, the system comprising a solenoid (14) mounted adjacent the governor (14) and having a plunger (16) in alignment with the low oil reset plunger (18) for engaging the plunger (16) in the tripped position and moving it to the operating position when the solenoid (14) is activated, the solenoid (14) being connected to the governor (10) so as to receive the electrical signal therefrom; and a timer associated with the solenoid (14) for delaying activation of the solenoid (14) for a predetermined period of time after receipt of the electrical signal from the governor (10).
Patent MX-PA06001339-A (MX)
Title: Powered breast pump.
Inventor: WORTLEY MARK JOHN
IPC: A61M1/06
Filed: 2004-07-29
Abstract: Powered Breast Pump A powered breast pump has user input means (43, 44) which enable a user to control the pump in a "learn" mode. When the pump is switched to a "run" mode, it mimics the pumping cycle established by the user in the "learn" mode. The pump may be continuously operated in "learn" mode, in which case it functions as a power-assisted breast pump.
Patent MX-PA06002665-A (MX)
Title: Improved spacing and centring device for a rigid double-wall duct with a low heat transfer coefficient.
Inventor: HOFFMANN PHILIPPE
IPC: F16L7/00
Filed: 2004-09-01
Abstract: The invention relates to a spacing and centring device for a rigid double-wall duct (110), for example of the winding type, which is intended for the transport of hydrocarbons. The rigid duct (110) comprises two coaxial tubes (116, 118) which are separated by an annular space (114). According to the invention, the spacing and centring device is housed in the aforementioned annular space (114) in order to maintain a distance between the two coaxial tubes (116, 118). The inventive device consists of an element (130) which is made from a material having low heat conductivity and comprising an aerogel, said element being at least partially covered with a casing (132) of polymer-type plastic material.
Patent MX-PA06003744-A (MX)
Title: Use of extracts from the pelargonium species.
Inventor: NOLDNER MICHAEL
IPC: A61P25/24
Filed: 2004-10-26
Abstract: The invention relates to the use of extracts of the pelargonium species or plant parts thereof, especially extracts of P. sidoides and P. reniforme, for the prophylaxis or treatment of disease-related behavioural changes, of the chronic or post-viral weak syndromes and/or stress-induced chronic pathological conditions, in addition to pharmaceutical preparations which contain said extracts.
Patent MX-PA06003788-A (MX)
Title: Fully human antibodies against human 4-1bb (cd137).
Inventor: HALK EDWARD L
IPC: C07K16/28
Filed: 2004-10-12
Abstract: Fully human antibodies and antigen-binding portions thereof that bind to human 4-1BB and that allow binding of human 4-1BB to a human 4-1BB ligand. In one aspect, the antibody is an IgG4 antibody. Also provided is a method for treating a disease in a subject comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the antibody to said subject.
Patent MX-PA06005681-A (MX)
Title: Phosphodiesterase v inhibitor formulations.
Inventor: SANGEKAR SURENDRA A
IPC: A61K31/00
Filed: 2004-11-18
Abstract: Disclosed are pharmaceutically acceptable PDE V inhibitor Formulations that are especially useful for treating male erectile and female sexual dysfunction and other physiological disorders.
Patent MX-PA06009648-A (MX)
Title: Wringer for scrubbing buckets.
Inventor: GIL JULIAN ESCARPA
IPC: A47L13/58
Filed: 2004-08-13
Abstract: The inventive wringer for scrubbing buckets basically comprises two independent tilting parts of a wringer (4) which are pivotally coupled inside the space of a support (1) fixed to the bucket mouthpiece. Said independent parts (4) are pivotally coupled with parallel axes communicating with the end spaces (3) of the support (1) and are tiltable oppositely to the resistance of spring elements (5).
Patent MX-PA06010479-A (MX)
Title: Cooling and purification of gas streams.
Inventor: HEITZ THOMAS
IPC: B01D53/00
Filed: 2005-03-17
Abstract: The invention relates to a method for purifying and cooling a dialkyl ester (A) of a gas stream containing aromatic dicarboxylic acids. The invention is characterized in that, in a first stage, the gas stream is treated with an aliphatic dihydroxy compound (B) at a temperature lower than or equal to the melting point of the dialkyl ester (A) and, in at least a second stage, the gas stream is treated with an aliphatic dihydroxy compound (B) above the melting point of the dihydroxy compound (B).
Patent MX-PA06010781-A (MX)
Title: 2,4,6-phenylsubstituted cyclic ketoenoles.
Inventor: FISCHER REINER
IPC: C07C235/10
Filed: 2005-03-11
Abstract: The invention relates to novel 2,4,6-phenylsubstituted cyclic ketoenols of formula (I), wherein CKE, W, X and Y have a significance specified in the description, to several methods and intermediate products for the production thereof and the use thereof in the form of pesticides and/or herbicides and to selective herbicide agents containing the 2,4,6-phenylsubstituted cyclic ketoenols and a compound improving the compatibility with cultural plants.
Patent MX-PA06011806-A (MX)
Title: A bottle, a method of forming the bottle, a liquid dispensing system and an extruded profile.
Inventor: FARHA SAID
IPC: B29C49/04
Filed: 2005-04-18
Abstract: An extruded blow molded bottle comprises a neck portion and a body portion. The body portion comprises a first inner layer and a second layer. The first inner layer comprises a first material selected from a group consisting of polyester, phenoxy type thermoplastics, phenoxy-polyolefin thermoplastic blends, and combinations thereof. The second layer comprises a second material selected from a group consisting of virgin PET, recycled PET, PETG, foam, polypropylene, polyester, polyolefins, phenoxy type thermoplastic, phenoxy-polyolefin thermoplastic blends, regrind scrap materials, and combinations thereof. The second material is different from the first material.
Patent MY-101203-A (MY)
Title: Production of thrombin iinhibitors.
Inventor: DR WALTER MARKI
IPC: C12N15/90
Filed: 1986-12-04
Abstract: A METHOD OF PRODUCTION AND SECRETION OF PROTEINS WITH HIRUDIN ACTIVITY IN AN CUKARYOTIC HOST ORGANISM IS PROVIDED. THERE ARE ALSO PROVIDED HYBRID VECTORS COMPRISING A DNA SEQUENCE ENCODING A SIGNAL PEPTIDE UPSTREAM OF AND IN READING FRAME WITH THE STRUCTURAL GENE FOR DESULPHATOHIRUDIN, AND CUKARYOTIC HOST ORGANISMS TRANSFORMED WITH SAID HYBRID VECTORS.
Patent MY-103040-A (MY)
Title: Ethynylheteraromatic acids having retinoic acid-like activity.
Inventor: ROSHANTHA A S CHANDRARATNA
IPC: C07D213/60
Filed: 1987-12-18
Abstract: RETINOID-LIKE ACTIVITY IS EXHIBITED BY COMPOUNDS OF THE FORMULA (FORMULA 1) WHEREIN A IS PYRIDYL, FURYL, THIENYL, PYRIDAZINYL, PYRIMIDINYL OR PYRAZINYL; N IS 0-5; AND B IS H, -COOH AND ITS ESTERS, AMIDES AND PHARMACEUTICALLY ACCEPTABLE SALTS, -CHO AND ITS ACETAL DERIVATIVES, -COR1 AND ITS KETAL DERIVATIVES WHERE R1 IS -(CH2)NCH3 WHERE N IS DEFINED ABOVE, OR -CH2OH AND ITS ETHER AND ACYL ESTER DERIVATIVES; OR A PHARMACEUTICALLY ACCEPTABLE SALT.
Patent MY-105181-A (MY)
Title: Preparation of isopropanol
Inventor: TOSHIHIRO TACHI
IPC: C07C31/10
Filed: 1990-01-15
Abstract: ISOPROPANOL IS PREPARED THROUGH CATALYTIC HYDROGENATION OF ACETONE BY FEEDING HYDROGEN GAS AND ACETONE LIQUID INTO A REACTOR HAVING A FIXED CATALYST BED FROM ITS TOP TO FORM A COCURRENT GAS/LIQUID DOWNFLOW WHILE MAINTAINING THE CATALYST BED IN A TRICKLE BED STATE. THIS PROCESS CAN PRODUCE ISOPROPANOL AT A HIGH REACTION RATE IN HIGH YIELDS USING A SIMPLE REACTOR.
Patent MY-108159-A (MY)
Title: Hydroisomerization of wax or waxy feeds using a catalyst comprising thin shell of catalytically active material on inert core
Inventor: IAN ALFRED CODY
IPC: B01J37/02
Filed: 1992-10-31
Abstract: WAX AND WAXY FEEDS ARE HYDROISOMERIZED BY CONTACTING THE WAX OR WAXY FEED UNDER ISOMERIZATION CONDITIONS WITH A CATALYST COMPRISING A THIN OUTER SHELL OF CATALYTIC MATERIAL BONDED TO AN INNER CORE OF CATALYTICALLY INERT MATERIAL. THE CATALYST IS MADE BY COATING A CATALYTICALLY INERT CORE SUCH AS ALPHA ALUMINA, WITH A THIN LAYER OF FINELY DIVIDED CATALYTICALLY ACTIVE MATERIAL IN A SLURRY OF COLLOIDAL BOEHMITE/PSEUDO BOEHMITE THEN CALCINING TO CONVERT THE BOEHMITE/PSEUDO BOEHMITE INTO ALUMINA WHICH BONDS TO THE INERT ALUMINA CORE. CATALYST MADE BY THIS TECHNIQUE FOR HYDROISOMERIZATION CONTAIN AN OUTER SHELL OF PLATINUM ON FLUORIDED ALUMINA ON AN INERT CORE OF ALPHA ALUMINA.
Patent MY-109934-A (MY)
Title: Production of metals from minerals
Inventor: PETER KENNETH EVERETT
IPC: B01F33/40
Filed: 1993-06-25
Abstract: A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING ONE OR MORE METALS FROM A MINERAL FEED STOCK 12 IS DEFINED. THE MINERAL IS FED TO A LEACHING APPARATUS 10 WHEREIN IT IS CONTACTED WITH ELECTROLYTE 14. THE LEACHING APPARATUS HAS ZONES OF DECREASING OXIDATION POTENTIAL, 17, 18, 19, 20 RESPECTIVELY. A STREAM OF ELECTROLYTE 14A IS REMOVED FROM ZONE 20 AND IS TREATED TO REMOVE IMPURITIES AND UNWANTED METALS IN TREATMENT UNIT 25A, PRIOR TO METAL RECOVERY BY ELECTROLYSIS. THE ELECTROLYTE AFTER ELECTROLYSIS IS THEN RETURNED TO THE LEACHING UNIT 10.A SECOND ELECTROLYTE STREAM 14B MAY BE REMOVED FROM ZONE 19 FOR RECOVERY OF ADDITIONAL METALS. THE ELECTROLYTE 14B IS TREATED TO REMOVE IMPURITIES AND ANY UNWANTED METALS IN TREATMENT UNIT 25B, PRIOR TO METAL RECOVERY BY ELECTROLYSIS. THE ELECTROLYTE AFTER ELECTROLYSIS IS RETURNED TO LEACHING UNIT 10.THE PROCESS ENABLES THE LEACHING OF DIFFICULT TO LEACH MINERALS, INCLUDING GOLD, AND CAN PRODUCE ONE OR MORE METALS OF HIGH PURITY. (FIG. 1)