Patent GB-1119017-A (GB)
Title: An automatically adjustable signal clipping circuit
IPC: G06V30/10
Filed: 1966-03-15
Abstract: 1,119,017. Recognizing characters. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION. 15 March, 1966 [29 March, 1965], No. 11187/66. Heading G4R. [Also in Divisions H3 and H4] An amplitude discriminator more particularly for use in document scanning apparatus has its threshold determined selectively either in accordance with the average value of the input or with a signal dependant upon the peak level of the input. In Fig. 1 a phosphor corrected signal derived from a cathode ray tube 2 is applied through terminal 12 to an amplitude threshold circuit 30 which produces a signal of one level or the other according to whether the input signal represents white or black. When the signal represents only background information e.g. at the margins the threshold is determined by an averaging circuit 35, 38 the output of which is selected by an analogue switch 22 and applied to the threshold circuit whereas when transitions between black and white occur the threshold is determined in part by the midvalue between peak black and peak white as determined by circuit 16 and in part by a signal representing the previous history of values which signal is fed into the other end of potentiometer 18. In operation, in the absence of significant information, the threshold level b, Fig. 2, (not shown)follows variations in the background level (a). When the first white-to-black transition occurs the threshold circuit 30 will switch, providing a change in output level which is fed back through 64 to an inverter 68 which provides at its input and output complementary signals for changing over the analogue switch 22, the existing threshold value being stored at 26. The feedback signal also passes through two mono-stable circuits 49 and 52 to an inverter 56 which provides at its input and output complementary signals for resetting the " peak detector " 16 to a reference level ready to detect the black and white peaks. This detector provides a signal equal to the midvalue between peak white and black and this is compared with the stored value which is applied to the lower end of potentiometer 18, the resulting combined voltage from the tap being stored at 20 in response to the feedback pulse from the output until the information is transferred to the long time store 26. The first black-to-white transition does not produce a useful signal from the peak detector and accordingly an AND unit 74 and an OR unit 76 provide a pulse to defer the response of store 26. The delay unit 64 holds the analogue switch in the condition in which it passes the mid peak-to-peak signal until white-to-black transitions have ceased for a predetermined period whereupon the threshold circuit 35 again becomes effective, the long time store 26 then acting only to pass the threshold level to the discriminator. The peak-to-peak detector (Fig. 3, not shown) comprises separate transistor detectors (T3, D1, C1-T6, T2, C2) for measuring the black and white peaks respectively, the output from these being fed through complementary emitter followers (T2, T5) to a combining potentiometer (P1) whose slider is set to provide an output half way between the two values. The resetting is effected by applying pulses to transistors (T1, T4) which shunt respective capacitors (C1, C2). The analogue switch (Fig. 4, not shown) comprises two transistors (T9, T10) having respective input signals applied to their emitters and having their collectors connected in common to an output emitter follower, transmission through the transistors being controlled by pulses applied to their bases through further transistors (T8, T11). The long and short time stores (Fig. 5, not shown) each comprise a complementary emitter follower (T19, T20) feeding its output through back-to-back complementary emitter collector paths (T17, T18) to a storage capacitor (C3). The output of this is fed through two emitter followers (T16, T14) and is also fed back through a further emitter follower (T13) to the bases of the transistors, transmission through the back-to-back transistors also being controlled by pulses applied by a further transistor (T15) to their bases. The amplitude discriminator 30 (Fig. 6, not shown) comprises a long tail transistor pair with the signal applied to the base of one and the threshold level to the base of the other, the output being fed via a further long tail pair of complementary type to the first to an output transistor (T25). The background threshold level circuit comprises a tapped delay line 35 (Fig. 1) the outputs from which are summed in an amplifier 38 which provides a signal representing the average level of the input.