Patent GB-474978-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the utilization of base-exchange materials
IPC: B01J39/04
Filed: 1936-04-02
Abstract: The base-exchange materials manufactured by subjecting carbonaceous materials to the action of dehydrating agents as described, e.g. in Specifications 450,179 and 450,540, are used to effect exchange of cations between electrolytes according to the following methods.  An electrolyte containing a cation of strong affinity is brought into contact with the base-exchange material having bound thereto a cation of weak affinity, and the so treated base-exchange material is then brought into contact with a further electrolyte so that the cation of strong affinity upon the base-exchange material is exchanged for the cation of this second electrolyte.  Or an electrolyte containing a cation of weak affinity is brought, in large excess in concentration, into contact with the base-exchange material which has bound thereto a cation of strong affinity, whereafter the so treated base-exchange material is brought into contact with a further electrolyte so that the cation of weak affinity upon the base-exchange material is exchanged for the cation of the further electrolyte.  The presence of H-ions may sometimes cause difficulty and a buffer solution, e.g. acetic acid and potassium acetate, may then be used.  When filtering a double salt, e.g. potash alum, the ion of strong affinity is bound by the base-exchange material.  In carrying out the ion-exchange process the various liquids may be passed through the apparatus in opposite directions.  Examples are given of the replacement of the cation Cu upon the base-exchange material by the cation Na by first treating the base-exchange material with hydrochloric acid or a solution of calcium chloride and then the H or Ca base-exchange material with a solution of sodium chloride.  The ion-exchanging capacity of the base-exchange material may be improved by treating it from time to time with a solution containing a high concentration of hydrogen ions, e.g. strong sulphuric acid.  Specifications 450,575 and 455,374 also are referred to.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 refers to (1) the removal of iron, copper, and other metal impurities from a solution of, e.g. syrup of glucose by passing the solution through a layer of the H base-exchange material in granular form, any resultant acidity in the solution being neutralized with a solution of soda, (2) the freeing of water from manganese by treating the water with Ca base-exchange material which is regenerated by a solution of calcium chloride and occasionally with sulphuric acid, and (3) the removal of anions from a liquid, for instance, the removal of sodium chloride from water by filtering it over Ag base-exchange material prepared by passing silver nitrate over H base-exchange material.  It also refers to Dutch Specifications 68161 and 71849 and French Specification p 778,922.  This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.ALSO:The base-exchange materials manufactured by subjecting carbonaceous materials to the action of dehydrating agents as described, e.g. in Specifications 450,179 and 450,540, are used to effect exchange of cations between electrolytes according to the following methods.  An electrolyte containing a cation of strong affinity is brought into contact with the base-exchange material having bound thereto a cation of weak affinity, and the so treated base-exchange material is then brought into contact with a further electrolyte so that the cation of strong affinity upon the base-exchange material is exchanged for the cation of this second electrolyte.  Or an electrolyte containing a cation of weak affinity is brought, in large excess in concentration, into contact with the base-exchange material which has bound thereto a cation of strong affinity, whereafter the so treated base-exchange material is brought into contact with a further electrolyte so that the cation of weak affinity upon the base-exchange material is exchanged for the cation of the further electrolyte.  The presence of H-ions may sometimes cause difficulty and a buffer solution, e.g. acetic acid and potassium acetate, may then be used.  When filtering a double salt, e.g. potash alum, the ion of strong affinity is bound by the base-exchange material.  In carrying out the ion-exchange process the various liquids may be passed through the apparatus in opposite directions.  Examples are given of the replacement of the cation Cu upon the base-exchange material by the cation Na by first treating the base-exchange material with hydrochloric acid or a solution of calcium chloride and then the H or Ca base-exchange material with a solution of sodium chloride.  The ion-exchanging capacity of the base-exchange material may be improved by treating it from time to time with a solution containing a high concentration of hydrogen ions, e.g. strong sulphuric acid.  Specifications 450,575 and 455,374 also are referred to.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 refers to (1) the removal of iron, copper and other metal impurities from a solution of, e.g. syrup of glucose by passing the solution through a layer of the H base-exchange material in granular form, any resultant acidity in the solution being neutralized with a solution of soda, (2) the freeing of water from manganese by treating the water with Ca base-exchange material which is regenerated by a solution of calcium chloride and occasionally with sulphuric acid, and (3) the removal of anions from a liquid, for instance, the removal of sodium chloride from water by filtering it over Ag base-exchange material prepared by passing silver nitrate over H base-exchange material.  It also refers to Dutch Specifications 68161 and 71849 and French Specification 778,922.  This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.ALSO:The base-exchange materials manufactured by subjecting carbonaceous materials to the action of dehydrating agents as described, e.g. in Specifications 450,179 and 450,540, are used to effect exchange of cations between electrolytes.  Specifications 450,575 and 455,374 also are referred to.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 refers to the removal of iron, copper and other metal impurities from a solution of, e.g. syrup of glucose by passing the solution through a layer of the H base-exchange material in granular form, any resultant acidity in the solution being neutralized with a solution of soda. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.