Patent GB-881417-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to coating compositions
IPC: C08F20/62
Filed: 1959-07-13
Abstract: Interpolymers having a reduced viscosity of 0,2 to 0,8 and a second order transition temperature between 45 and 125 DEG  C. may be prepared by polymerizing, in aqueous emulsion at 0 to 100 DEG  C. in the presence of an emulsifier and 0,1 to 2,0% based on the weight of monomers of a telogen molecular weight modifier, a blend of monomers comprising 25 to 90 parts by weight of an olefinically unsaturated compound, 0 to 50 parts of an a , b -olefinically unsaturated nitrile, 10 to 60 parts of an ester or amide of an a , b -olefinically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid and 1 to 10 parts of an a , b -olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid.  Many suitable materials for use in preparing the polymers are listed and specified olefinically unsaturated compounds are monovinyl aromatic hydrocarbons, vinyl and methacrylic esters and vinyl and vinylidene halides; specified nitriles include acrylonitrile and a -methyl, a -chloro- and a -trifluoromethyl-acrylonitriles; specified esters and amides include alkyl acrylates and methacrylates, cyanoalkyl acrylates, acrylamide and N, N-dialkyl acrylamides; and specified acids include acrylic, methacrylic, crotonic, cinnamic, atropic, a -chloracrylic, a -fluoracrylic, maleic, fumaric and itaconic acids, and partial esters such as monoisopropyl maleate and mono-n-butyl fumarate.  Specified telogens are tertiery octyl mercaptan, dodecyl mercaptan, tertiary butyl mercaptan, ortho-mercaptobenzoic acid, acetaldehyde, paraldehyde and carbon tetrachloride and specified emulsifiers include salts of alkyl sulphates, alkyl aryl sulphates, fatty acids and alkyl sulphosuccinates, ethylene oxide-nonyl phenol adducts, aromatic sulphonateformaldehyde condensates, glycerol fatty acid derivatives, polyoxethylated sorbitan fatty derivatives and oxethylated amides.  Polymerization may be effected in the presence of catalysts, e.g. peroxides and persulphates, optionally with bisulphite initiators, and azonitrile compounds.  The latices produced may be rendered alkaline by the addition of metal hydroxides or amines, and compounded with pigments and powdered metals, filming aids, e.g. alcohols, ketones, ethers, esters, sulphones and amides, and cross-linking agents which are preferably polyfunctional organic compounds such as polyepoxides, polyhydric alcohols and phenols and polyamines, to form coating compositions.  Examples describe latex compositions comprising copolymers of (1-20, 23 and 40) styrene, ethyl acrylate, acrylonitrile and acrylic acid; (21) styrene, cyanoethyl acrylate and acrylic acid; (22) methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, acrylonitrile and acrylic acid; (24) methyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, acrylonitrile and acrylic acid; (25) styrene, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, acrylonitrile and acrylic acid; (26) methyl methacrylate, 2-ethyhexyl acrylate, acrylamide and methacrylic acid; (27) vinyl fluoride, ethyl acrylate, N, N-diethylacrylamide and acrylic acid; (28) styrene, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, acrylamide and methacrylic acid; (29) styrene, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, acrylonitrile and acrylic acid; (30) methyl methacrylate, 2-ethyhexylmethacrylate and methacrylic acid; (31) methyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid; (32) vinyl chloride, ethyl acrylate, acrylonitrile and acrylic acid; (33) vinyl fluoride, ethyl acrylate, acrylonitrile and acrylic acid; (34) vinylidene chloride, ethyl acrylate, acrylonitrile and acrylic acid; (35) vinylidene fluoride, ethyl acrylate, acrylonitrile and acrylic acid; (36) vinyl acetate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and monoisopropyl maleate; (37) methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, acrylamide and acrylic acid; (38) styrene, ethyl acrylate, methacrylonitrile and acrylic acid; and (39) styrene, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, acrylonitrile and methacrylic acid; containing as cross-linking agents (1-3, 23-26, 29, 30, 34 and 38-40) 3, 4-epoxy-6-methylcyclohexylmethyl 3, 4-epoxy-6-methylcyclohexane carboxylate; (4 and 8) allyl 3, 4-epoxy-6-methylcyclohexane carboxylate; (5) 3, 4-epoxy-6-methylcyclohexylmethyl 9, 10-epoxystearate; (6) bis (2, 3-epoxycyclopentyl) ether; (7) vinyl cyclohexene dioxide; (9) 3-oxatricyclo [3.2.1.0 2, 4] octane-6-methanol; (10 and 11) mono (methylglycidyl) ethylene glycol; (12) 2, 3-epoxy-2-methylpentyl 3, 4-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate; (13) bis (2, 3-epoxy-2-methylpropyl) ether; (14) diethylene glycol-, (15) tetraethylene glycol- and (16) polyethylene glycol-bis (3, 4-epoxy-6-methylcyclohexane carboxylates); (17) 3, 4-epoxy-6-methylcyclohexylmethyl 9, 10, 12, 13-diepoxystearate; and (18) the diglycidyl ether of 2, 2 (p-hydroxyphenyl) propane. Long lists of other suitable polyepoxides are given, including ethers, esters, unsaturated compounds, imides, carbonates and acetals.