Patent GB-706772-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the manufacture of lubricating greases
IPC: B01J13/00
Filed: 1950-12-15
Abstract: Hydroxy amino compounds are prepared by heating an epihalohydrin such as epichlorhydrin with ammonia at temperatures between 20 and 60 DEG C. for between 10 minutes and 4 hours.  The ammonia may be in excess, about 4 to 20 parts being employed for each part of epihalohydrin. Any unreacted ammonia may be volatilized.  Ammonium chloride formed during the reaction may be removed by any suitable means, e.g. by heating with sodium hydroxide, the sodium chloride formed by this reaction being centrifuged or filtered from the fluid mass.  The product may then be heated to 100-170 DEG C. to remove any water or alcohol present. The complex mixture formed consists of monomeric and polymeric 1:3-diamino-2-hydroxy-propane.  This mixture may be converted into partial amides by heating with carboxylic acids containing at least 7 carbon atoms in the molecule.  Preferably from one-third to two-thirds of the amino groups present in the condensation product are so converted.  The hot amide reaction product may be decanted from any inorganic salt formed or, if a purer product is desired, it may be diluted with a solvent and the inorganic salt centrifuged, filtered or separated by decantation. Suitable acids for this reaction include tall oil, those derived from animal and vegetable oils and the partial oxidation products of hydrocarbon mixtures such as petroleum fractions.  Specified examples include, lauric, oleic, linoleic, palmitic, stearic and carnaubic acids, petroleum naphthenic acids, abietic acid, pimaric acid, cyclic acids such as salicylic and alkyl salicylic acids, and acid mixtures derived from oxidized waxes, coconut fat, wool fat and castor oil. The amine condensation products and their partial amide derivatives have surface-active properties and may be incorporated in lubricating greases made by thickening a water-immiscible oleaginous material with a hydrogel formed from an inorganic colloidal material (see Group III).  In an example (III), 10 moles of ammonia and 1 mole of epichlorhydrin are heated under pressure at about 40 DEG C. for 30 minutes.  The reaction product is then heated with one-third mole of tallow acids at about 160 DEG C.  The amide condensation product is added to a hot silica hydrogel and the dispersion so formed added to mineral lubricating oil.ALSO:Hydroxy amino compounds are prepared by heating an epihalohydrin such as epichlorhydrin with ammonia at temperatures between 20 DEG  and 60 DEG  C. for between 10 minutes and 4 hours.  The ammonia may be in excess, about 4 to 20 parts being employed for each part of epihalohydrin.  Any unreacted ammonia may be volatilized.  Ammonium chloride formed during the reaction may be removed by any suitable means, e.g. by heating with sodium hydroxide, the sodium chloride formed by this reaction being centrifuged or filtered from the fluid mass.  The product may then be heated to 100-170 DEG  C. to remove any water or alcohol present. The complex mixture formed consists of monomeric and polymeric 1:3-diamino-2-hydroxy-propane.  This mixture may be converted into partial amides by heating with carboxylic acids containing at least 7 carbon atoms in the molecule.  Preferably from one-third to two-thirds of the amino groups present in the condensation product are so converted.  The hot amide reaction product may be decanted from any inorganic salt formed or, if a purer product is desired, it may be diluted with a solvent and the inorganic salt centrifuged, filtered or separated by decantation.  Suitable acids for this reaction include tall oil, those derived from animal and vegetable oil and the partial oxidation products of hydrocarbon mixtures such as petroleum fractions; specified examples include lauric, oleic, linoleic, palmitic, stearic and carnaubic acids, petroleum naphthenic acids, abietic acid, pimaric acid, cyclic acids such as salicylic and alkyl salicylic acids, and acid mixtures derived from oxidized waxes, coconut fat, wool fat and castor oil.  The amine condensation products and their partial amide derivatives have surface-active properties and may be incorporated in lubricating greases made by thickening a water-immiscible oleaginous material with a hydrogel formed from an inorganic colloidal material (see Group III).  In an example (III), 10 mols. of ammonia and 1 mol. of epichlorhydrin are heated under pressure at about 40 DEG  C. for 30 minutes.  The reaction product is then heated with one-third mol. of tallow acids at about 160 DEG  C.  The amide condensation product is added to a hot silica hydrogel and the dispersion so formed added to mineral lubricating oil.ALSO:An inorganic colloidal material in the form of a hydrogel is incorporated in a water-immiscible oleaginous material together with a surface active agent, water is removed from the mixture and the product is mechanically worked until it possesses grease consistency.  The inorganic colloidal material may be an inorganic oxide such as silica, alumina, magnesia, vanadium pentoxide or ferric oxide, a hydroxide such as lime, an alkaline earth carbonate or a metallic sulphate or phosphate.  Naturally occurring colloidal materials include the swelling clays such as bentonite, non-swelling clays such as Georgia kaolinite, the magnesium montmorillonites such as hectorite and the aluminium montmorillonites.  Non-colloidal gangue may be removed from these natural materials by forming them into a finely divided aqueous suspension or dispersion which is allowed to settle or is centrifuged, or a small amount of alum may be added to the hydrosol. Synthetic zeolites may also be used, preferably those compounds of silica and alumina containing varying amounts of sodium oxide.  The oleaginous material is preferably a mineral lubricating oil.  Other materials which may be used include alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons such as the tertiary butyl naphthalenes, polymerized olefins such as liquid poly-ethylenes, polybutenes and polycetenes, vegetable and animal oils, diesters such as bis(2-ethyl-hexyl) sebacate, inorganic esters such as the alkyl, aryl and mixed alkyl aryl phosphates (tributyl, trioctyl, tricresyl and dioctyl cresyl phosphate are specified), polymeric silicones, liquid fluorocarbons and highly halogenated hydrocarbons such as hexachlorbutadiene.  The preferred surface-active agents are the cation-active amino compounds having at least 8 and preferably 12 to 24 carbon atoms in the molecule and their salts, such as the acetates.  Specified amines are dodecylamine, heptadecylamine and octadecylamine.  Heterocylic bases and cyclic amines which may also be used include the alkylated imidazolines (e.g. heptadecyl imidazoline), alkylated pyrimidines, substituted acridines, benzidine and diphenylamine. The other preferred class of surface active compounds comprises the surface active quaternary ammonium compounds, especially those containing one or two aliphatic hydrocarbon chains of eight or more carbon atoms such as trimethyl octadecyl ammonium chloride, trimethyl octadecadienyl ammonium chloride, trimethyl hexadecyl ammonium chloride, trimethyl tetradecyl ammonium chloride, trimethyl octadecenyl ammonium chloride, dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium chloride, dimethyl dihexadecyl ammonium chloride, dimethyl ditetradecyl ammonium chloride, dimethyl octadecyl octadecenyl ammonium chloride, dimethyl octadecenyl octadecadienyl ammonium chloride, diethyl dihexadecyl ammonium chloride and ethyl propyl dioctadecyl ammonium chloride.  The corresponding bromides, acetates or hydroxides may be employed. Partial amides of polymeric amines, oleylamidoethylamine oleate and aminoethyl stearamide, complex polyamino compounds obtained by chlorination and subsequent ammonolysis of paraffin wax, the salts of fatty acids containing at least 7 carbon atoms in the molecule with polyamines derived from acrolein and ammonia and the adducts of hydrogen sulphide and diallyl amine are also specified.  The products obtained by the action of ethylene oxide or ethylene glycol on polyethylene polyamines or by condensation of epihalohydrins with ammonia or amino compounds may also be used (see Groups IV (a) and IV (b)).  The latter condensation products may be converted into partial amides by reaction with carboxylic acids containing at least 7 carbon atoms in the molecule. Suitable acids for this reaction include tall oil, those derived from animal and vegetable oils and the partial oxidation products of hydrocarbon mixtures such as petroleum fractions; specified examples include lauric, oleic, linoleic, palmitic, stearic and carnaubic acids, petroleum naphthenic acids, abietic acid, pimaric acid, cyclic acids such as salicylic and alkyl salicylic acids, and acid mixtures derived from oxidised waxes, coconut fat, wool fat and castor oil. Other surface-active agents which may be used include the hydrophobic salts of carboxylic and organic sulphonic acids, especially the polyvalent metal and amphoteric metal salts of carboxylic acids having at least 12 carbon atoms in the molecule, and of petroleum naphthenic acids, acids from animal, plant and fish oils, rosin acids and tall oil acids.  Examples specified include aluminium stearate, lead stearate, aluminium 12-hydroxy stearate, calcium naphthenate, lead naphthenate and lead petroleum sulphonate.  Alkali metal salts of petroleum sulphonic acids may also be employed.  Acidic surface active agents such as the carboxylic, sulphonic and sulphinic acids having 12 or more carbon atoms in the molecule may be used (especially in conjunction with amphoteric or basic gels); examples include stearic acid, linoleic acid, tetradecane-1-sulphonic acid, dodecane-1-sulphonic acid and petroleum sulphonic acids.  Also there may be used hydroxy fatty acids, alkylene glycols, partially hydrolyzed glycerides and monohydric alcohols containing at least 8 carbon atoms in the molecule, such as glycerol monostearate, 12-hydroxyste