Patent GB-1018729-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in two shaft gas turbine control system
IPC: F02C3/10
Filed: 1963-08-09
Abstract: 1,018,729. Gas turbine engine control. GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. Aug. 9, 1963 [Aug. 29, 1962], No. 31566/63. Heading FIG. [Also in Division G3] A gas turbine engine comprises a compressor, combustion system, a first turbine driving the compressor, and a second, separate power, turbine, the flow of working fluid between the first and second turbines being controlled by a ring of adjustable nozzle guide vanes. The engine comprises also a control system which includes a first governor means responsive to the speed of the compressor-turbine rotor for varying the adjustable nozzle guide vanes in accordance with a speed setting of the first governor means, and second governor means responsive to the speed of the separate power turbine for regulating heat input to the motive fluid and for simultaneously regulating the set speed of the first governor means. The engine comprises a compressor 2, combustion equipment 3, high pressure turbine 5 driving the compressor 2, and a separate low pressure turbine 6 which drives a useful load shown as an electric generator 12. The control system is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 4 and comprises a second governor 24 which receives signals responsive to the set speed and the actual speed of the low pressure turbine 6, the resulting speed error signal being communicated to the fuel regulator 57 also to the first governor 14. The fuel regulator 57 also receives a signal indicative of turbine exhaust gas temperature and the output of the regulator is in the form of variable control oil pressure VCO which is communicated to control valves 38, 39 which control supply of fuel from two different sources to the combustion chamber 3. The first governor 14 receives two signals, the first being the low pressure turbine speed error as referred to above and the second being the actual speed of the high pressure turbine 5, the resulting high pressure speed error being communicated to the nozzle regulator 50 which controls the angles of the nozzle guide vanes 8 disposed between the high pressure and low pressure turbines 5 and 6. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, a tachometer generator 15 is driven by the shaft of the high pressure turbine 5 and supplies a signal proportional to the speed thereof. The circuit of the high pressure governor 14 comprises an HP speed setting rheostat 16, a control solenoid 17, a stabilising solenoid 22, a stabilising rheostat 19 and an HP droopadjusting rheostat 21, the HP speed setting rheostat being controlled by the LP. governor 24 as referred to more fully below, the control and stabilising solenoids 17 and 22 both exerting force downwardly on the pilot valve 18 in opposition to the spring 23, movement of the pilot valve 18 acting to supply pressure fluid to or allow discharge of pressure fluid from the cylinder 54 of the nozzle regulator 50. When the pilot valve allows pressure fluid to discharge from the cylinder 54, the piston 52 is moved downwardly by the control spring 53 and the movement of the piston rod 51 acts to open the inter-turbine nozzles 8. Movement of the piston rod also causes the rack 55 secured thereto to adjust the position of the arm 20 of the stabilising rheostat 19. The low pressure governor 24 is similar to the HP governor 14 and comprises a tachometer generator 25 driven by the LP. turbine 6, the circuit including a LP speed setting rheostat 26, a control solenoid 27, a stabilising solenoid 32, a stabilising rheostat 29 and a LP droopadjusting rheostat 31. The LP speed setting rheostat 26 is set manually by means of a handle 26a. The control and stabilising solenoids 27 and 32 both exert force downwardly on the pilot valve 28 in opposition to the spring 33, movement of the pilot valve 28 acting to supply pressure fluid to one side or the other of the piston 68 in cylinder 69. Movement of the piston 68 and rack 67 secured thereto controls the position of the arm 30 of the stabilising rheostat 29, also the position of the arm of the HP speed setting rheostat 16, and also the angular position of the cam 65 to be referred to again below. The electric governors 14 and 24 both have speed-droop characteristics, i.e. the movable arms 20 and 30 of the stabilising rheostats 19 and 29 will each assume a position which is proportional to an error between the actual speed sensed by the tacho-generators 15, 25 and the set speed requested by the rheostats 16, 26. This is due to the feedback action of the stabilising coils 22, 32 which adds to corrective action being undertaken at the same time by the control coils 17, 27. The fuel regulator is indicated at 57 and comprises a pilot valve 63 which controls supply of pressure fluid to and discharge of pressure fluid from a cylinder 61 in which is disposed a piston 60, the piston being acted on in a downward direction by a control spring 62. Since the force of the spring 62 is always balanced by the pressure below the piston 60, the pressure in the cylinder 61 is a unique function of the position of the piston 60. The piston 60 and the pilot valve 63 are both pivotally connected to points adjacent one end of a floating lever 59 which is also acted upon at an intermediate point by the cam 65 so that the control pressure in the cylinder 61 and so in the line 47 is dependent on the angular position of the cam 65 and so of the LP speed error. An adjustable stop 72 is provided adjacent the other end of the floating lever 59, the position of the stop being controlled in dependence on the temperature of the exhaust gases as sensed by the bulb 79. The bulb is connected by a line 78 to the bellows 77 which is in turn connected to one end of a floating lever 75, the lever being connected at an intermediate point to the rod 74 of a pilot valve 73 and at its other end to the rod of piston 70 which is disposed within cylinder 71. Should the temperature of the turbine exhaust gases increase, the bellows 77 will cause the right-hand end of the floating lever 75 to move downwardly so that the pilot valve 73 moves to allow pressure fluid to pass to the lower side of the piston 70 so raising the stop 72; the clockwise rotation of the lever 59 is thereby limited and so the pressure of the control fluid in line 47 is also limited and consequently the supply of fuel to the combustion section is restricted. Fuel is supplied to the combustion section from either one of or from two sources through lines 34, 35 the fuel supplies being controlled by similar valves 38, 39. The valve 39 comprises a valve member 41 which is acted on in the closing direction by a spring 43 and in the opening direction by pressure of the control fluid acting in bellows chamber 44, the control fluid being that within cylinder 61 and communicating with the bellows chamber 44 through lines 47, 45, the lines 45, 46 being controlled by valves 48, 49, only one of which would be open depending on the source from which fuel was being drawn. Reference has been directed by Comptroller to Specification 732,459.