baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20090070833-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus and method for tilting type low pressure die-casting
Inventor: KIM JEONG TAE
IPC: B22D18/04
Filed: 2007-12-27
Abstract: A tilting type low pressure die-casting apparatus and method are provided to put molten metal into the mold quietly and gradually and prevent heat loss and oxide production by adopting the advantages of tilting die-casting and low pressure di-casting. A tilting type low pressure die-casting apparatus comprises an insulation chamber(10) which keeps molten metal at the constant temperature and rotates around a pivot, a mold unit(20) connected to the insulation chamber, and a control unit(30) controlling the overall operation of the mold unit and the insulation chamber. The mold unit is supplied with molten metal and molds a product corresponding to the mod shape. The molten metal in the insulation chamber flows down into the mold unit under its weight.
Patent KR-20090072493-A (KR)
Title: Alignment apparatus for printer shaft
Inventor: PARK KYUNG KI
IPC: B41J11/00
Filed: 2007-12-28
Abstract: An alignment device of a shaft for a printer is provided to reduce the failure rate and the time for manufacturing the shaft of the printer by correcting a bent part. An alignment device of a shaft for a printer comprises: a shaft supplying unit(10) supplying a shaft(2) for the printer; a planar surface processing unit pressing unit(11) pressing a planar surface process unit in order to correct a bent part of the planar surface process unit of the shaft inserted into the inside; and a shaft inserting/rotating unit(12) installed at one end of an front upper side. The shaft supplying unit is installed at top end portion of a support stand(14). The planar surface processing unit pressing unit is installed at the other end of the front upper side. The shaft inserting/rotating unit rotates the shaft of the printer in order to make the planar surface process unit arranged at the front side of a base by moving the shaft to the direction of the planar surface processing unit pressing unit and then inserting a tip end of shaft into the planar surface processing unit pressing unit.
Patent KR-20090072622-A (KR)
Title: Method for moving control of game character and method for providing game service using that method
Inventor: KIM HYUN A
IPC: G06F3/033
Filed: 2007-12-28
Abstract: A method for controlling motion of a game character and a method for providing a game service by using the method are provided to control motion of a game character by a movement amount of a mouse calculated through mouse motion, thereby enabling a user to easily control the game character. Motion of a mouse operated by a user is detected. A mouse movement amount is calculated according to the mouse motion. Action of the game character is controlled according to the calculated mouse movement amount and a click of a mouse button.
Patent KR-20090073369-A (KR)
Title: Anisotropic conductive film and display element comprising the same
Inventor: KIM LEE JU
IPC: G02F1/13
Filed: 2007-12-31
Abstract: An anisotropic conductive film is provided to ensure excellent electrical conductivity and inexpensive manufacturing costs by comprising an adhesive resin and conductive particles having different aspect ratios. An anisotropic conductive film comprises an adhesive resin(1) and conductive particles(2) having different aspect ratios which are distributed within the adhesive resin. The size the conductive particles is 1~8 micron and he aspect ratio is 1~1.5. Two kinds or more of conductive layers are laminated on thepolymer resin particles. The content of the conductive particle is 5~20 parts by weight based on the adhesive resin 100.0 parts by weight.
Patent KR-20090073715-A (KR)
Title: Navigation system and method using visible light communication
Inventor: SON JAE SEUNG
IPC: G01S5/02
Filed: 2007-12-31
Abstract: A navigation system and a method using the visible light communications are provided to measure the exact location of the mobile terminal by assembling the light of the different wavelength band based on the color diagram. A transmitter equipped a lamp emits the visible light signal combined to the different wavelengths. The visible light signal comprises the information for providing the function of navigation. The mobile terminal receives the visible light signal from a plurality of lamps(412). The location information of the current position of the mobile terminal is obtained by using a visible light signal(418). The navigation information is displayed in a mobile terminal(421). The navigation information comprises the information matching the location information with the map information.
Patent KR-20070038513-A (KR)
Inventor: PARK MYUNG SEOK
IPC: H01M8/04
Filed: 2004-08-17
Abstract: 본 발명의 연료전지 시스템은 연료극과 공기극이 전해질막을 사이에 두고 배열되는 연료전지 스택과, 연료가 저장되는 연료 탱크와, 상기 연료 탱크에 저장된 연료를 상기 연료전지 스택의 연료극에 공급하고 순환시키는 연료 공급순환수단과, 상기 연료 전지 스택의 공기극과 공기 공급라인으로 연결되어 상기 연료극에 산소 등을 공급하는 공기 공급 유닛과, 	상기 연료극으로 공급되는 연료성분 중 적어도 하나의 연료성분의 농도를 측정하는 센싱 유닛과, 상기 센싱 유닛의 신호를 전달 받아 연료의 교체 시기를 알려주는 제어 유닛을 포함하여 구성되어, 연료의 소모 정도 및 불순물의 발생 정도를 감지하여서 사용되는 연료의 교체시기 및 불순물을 걸려주는 필터의 교체시기를 알려주어 연료의 사용을 극대화할 수 있도록 한 것이다.
Patent KR-20070029837-A (KR)
Title: Azine-carboxamides as anti-cancer agent
Inventor: AQUILA BRIAN
IPC: C07D403/04
Filed: 2005-06-29
Abstract: The invention relates to chemical compounds, of the formula (I): or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which possess B-Raf inhibitory activity and are accordingly useful for their anti cancer activity and thus in methods of treatment of the human or animal body. The invention also relates to processes for the manufacture of said chemical compounds, to pharmaceutical compositions containing them and to their use in the manufacture of medicaments of use in the production of an anti-cancer effect in a warm blooded animal such as man. ® KIPO & WIPO 2007
Patent KR-20070031436-A (KR)
IPC: B67D1/08
Filed: 2005-08-05
Abstract: 본 발명은 농축액 용기로부터 농축액의 설정량을 물과 혼합되도록 혼합 용기로 펌핑하여 음료를 형성하는 음료 시스템 펌프에 관한 것이다.  펌프는 피스톤을 선형 및 회전 구동시키는 모터를 포함한다.  피스톤의 일부분은 펌프의 격실 내에 수용되고 원통면 및 요철면을 갖는 사실상 원통형인 본체 표면을 포함한다.  농축액이 격실로 흡인될 때, 피스톤의 요철면은 펌프의 입구 근방에 있고 원통면은 출구를 덮는다.  피스톤이 운동할 때, 농축액은 피스톤의 요철면과 격실의 벽 사이에 형성된 격실의 부분으로 흡인된다.  결국, 피스톤의 요철면은 출구에 접근하고 격실의 벽과 요철면 사이에 갇혀 있는 농축액이 출구를 통해 방출된다.   
       
     농축액 분배 시스템, 농축액 용기, 펌프, 피스톤, 모터
Patent KR-20070033030-A (KR)
Title: 막대 및 원뿔 반응 센서
IPC: H04N9/07
Filed: 2005-07-19
Abstract: 베이어 패턴 어레이(Bayer pattern array)의 1개 이상의 녹색 필터링된 화소들을 무색 필터링된 화소로 대체하고, 각 컬러 채널에 상이한 집적 기간을 제공함으로써, 어떠한 조명 조건에서든지 컬러 감도를 갖는 이미저를 제공한다. 컬러 필터링된 화소를 무색 필터링된 화소로 대체할 때, 무색 필터링된 화소들보다 더 긴 집적 기간을 가진 컬러 필터링된 화소들을 제공함으로써, 컬러 감도와 광 감도 모두의 이점들을 활용할 수 있다. 백엔드(back-end) 프로세싱에서 인접 화소들로부터 무색 및 컬러 필터 정보를 사용하여 차감(subtraction) 논리를 실행함으로써, 컬러 정보를 보간할 수 있다. 각 컬러 채널을 위한 집적 시간들을 조절하여 각 데이터 프레임 내의 필터 투과 차이 및 센서 흡수 차이를 최소화할 수 있다. 백엔드 프로세싱에서, 상이한 집적 기간들을 가짐으로써, 이동하는 물체들의 일시적인 컬러들의 변위를 보정할 수 있다. 또한, 백엔드 프로세싱은 모션 블러(motion blur)를 보정할 수 있다. 
       
      이미저, 필터링된 화소, 보간, 집적 기간, 베이어 패턴 어레이
Patent KR-20070044456-A (KR)
Inventor: FLORA BRUCE A
IPC: A61M5/32
Filed: 2005-07-20
Abstract: 란셋은 본체와 샤프트를 포함한다. 본체는 단부면 및 보어를 가진다. 샤프트는 본체에 부착되고, 상기 샤프트의 원위부가 본체 단부면에서 외측으로 연장하도록 상기 보어를 통해 연장한다. 원위부는 제1 및 제2돌출부를 형성하도록 샤프트의 원위단부를 통해 연장하는 축방향 슬롯을 가진다. 제1 및 제2돌출부는 각각 그 단부에서 스파이크를 가진다.  
       
     란셋, 다중팁, 혈당, 슬롯, 스파이크, 보호캡.
Patent KR-20070100866-A (KR)
Title: Measurement method, measurement system, inspection method, inspection system, exposure method, and exposure system
Inventor: OKITA SHINICHI
IPC: H01L21/027
Filed: 2006-01-24
Abstract: A reticle is loaded on a reticle measurement device (step S50) and a face shape of the reticle held on a reticle holder of the reticle measurement device is measured in advance (step S52). Since the face shape difference between the reticle holder of the reticle measurement device and the reticle holder of an exposure device is known, it is possible to calculate the face shape of the reticle in a state equivalent to the state when it is held by the reticle holder of the exposure device (step S56). The calculated face shape is used, for example, for correction of the image formation state upon exposure.
Patent KR-20070083516-A (KR)
Title: System and method for variable length acknowledgements in a shared resource network
Inventor: KAKANI NAVEEN KUMAR
IPC: H04L12/28
Filed: 2005-07-29
Abstract: A system and method for producing variable length acknowledgments and requesting variable length acknowledgement signals in a shared resource network is provided. A plurality of data streams and frames are received, and receipt status information of the plurality of frames is generated. An acknowledgment frame comprising the receipt status information is produced. A length of the receipt status information is dependent on a number of the plurality of frames.
Patent KR-20070046918-A (KR)
Inventor: CETNAR ROMAN
IPC: E05B65/20
Filed: 2005-08-10
Abstract: 자동차 도어용 파워 해제 도어 잠금 시스템은, 래치트(18) 및 폴(20)을 포함하는 래치와, 래치트를 해제하도록 폴을 작동시키는 전자기계식 외부 래치 해제 기구(220)를 구비한다.  시스템은 제어기(210)와, 자동차 도어의 외측 도어 핸들(214)에 장착되어 제어기에 전기 연결된 압력 감지 스위치(216)를 포함한다.  제어기는 소정의 "잠금" 신호에 반응하여 압력 감지 스위치를 무력화하고, 소정의 "풀림" 신호에 반응하여 압력 감지 스위치를 작동시키도록 프로그램되며, 이 경우에 있어서 압력 감지 스위치가 작동된 경우 래치트를 해제하도록 외부 래치 해제 기구에 동력을 공급한다.  시스템은 외부 잠금 조립체 및 그 부수적인 내측 잠금 버튼 또는 막대에 대한 필요성을 제거한다. 
       
     도어 잠금 시스템, 래치, 래치트, 폴, 제어기, 외측 도어 핸들, 압력 감지 스위치
Patent KR-20070044056-A (KR)
Inventor: NAKAMATA MASATOSHI
IPC: H04J13/00
Filed: 2005-08-12
Abstract: 본 발명은 적어도 하나의 액세스 제어기와 복수의 액세스 포인트들을 포함하는 이동통신 시스템을 제공하는 바, 여기서 상기 적어도 하나의 액세스 제어기는 상기 복수의 액세스 포인트들 중 하나를 E-DCH의 스케줄링을 제어하도록 결정하고, 상기 액세스 제어기는: 하나의 액세스 포인트를 제어 액세스 포인트가 되도록 결정하는 결정 수단과; 그리고 상기 제어 액세스 포인트에서의 제어를 개시하는 개시 수단을 포함한다. 
       
     통신시스템, E-DCH, 스케줄링 액세스포인트, 스케줄링제어, 소스 스케줄링 노드B, 타깃 스케줄링 노드B
Patent KR-20070065347-A (KR)
Title: Optical head for endoscope
Inventor: AIZENFELD AMRAM
IPC: A61B1/06
Filed: 2005-09-01
Abstract: An optical head for an endoscope is fitted with an imaging system comprising a solid state imaging sensor and with an illuminating system comprising illuminating means, e.g. LED's. At least one illuminating means is defined by a parameter, which value is different from the value of the same parameter of the remaining illuminating means. Among the parameters are luminous intensity, luminous intensity distribution angle and direction of the longitudinal axis of the illuminating means.
Patent KR-20070091105-A (KR)
Title: Meta data management device and meta data use device
Inventor: KATO NAONORI
IPC: H04N7/173
Filed: 2005-12-01
Abstract: When correcting content additional information in a server device where content files and content additional information are accumulated, from another terminal connected by a network, no means is provided for distinguishing an information item which is permitted to be corrected by the server device and there has been a danger that additional information is corrected disorderly. There is provided means for clearly distinguishing an item permitted to be corrected from an item not permitted to be corrected among the content additional information. There is also provided a mechanism for explicitly indicating this to another terminal performing remote operation.
Patent KR-20070051948-A (KR)
Title: Pharmaceutical composition for glucagon suppression
Inventor: YOUNG ANDREW
IPC: A61K38/26
Filed: 2000-01-14
Abstract: Use of an exendin, an exendin agonist, a modified exendin or a modified exendin agonist in the manufacture of a pharmaceutical formulation for use in therapeutic lowering of plasma glucagon.
Patent KR-20070089909-A (KR)
Title: Ion balance monitor
Inventor: WILLIAMS BRUCE T
IPC: G01N27/60
Filed: 2005-10-28
Abstract: An ion balance monitor for simultaneous monitoring of the positive and negative ion production rates, and therefore ion concentration, by measurement of currents resulting from the presence of airborne ions as created for example by an air (gas) ionizer. Additionally it examines the ion balance by comparing the aforementioned currents. Information acquired in this way can be used in real time monitoring of the ionizer. Ion balance and production rate of ions of both polarities can be recorded by the ion monitor, regardless of the type of the ionizer. The ion monitor can provide a feedback signal needed to keep and ionizer system in balance.
Patent KR-20070084359-A (KR)
Title: Sintered alloys for cam lobes and other high wear articles
Inventor: NIGARURA SALVATOR
IPC: C22C5/00
Filed: 2005-10-18
Abstract: An iron-based sintered powder metal article for cam lobe and other high temperature, high wear applications requiring excellent net-shape stability during sintering comprises a powder metal mixture consisting essentially of, by weight, 0.5-3.0% Mo, 1-6.5% Cr, 1-5% V, and the balance Fe and impurities. These articles also have a carburized case having 0.7-1.2% C by weight. Following carburization of the case, the articles are quenched to form a martensitic matrix having a network of disbursed carbides of Cr and V. The resulting sintered articles have good mechanical strength and wear resistance and possess excellent machineability and dimensional stability.
Patent KR-20080008317-A (KR)
Title: Drill head for boring deep hole
Inventor: NOMURA TAKUJI
IPC: B23B51/00
Filed: 2006-05-19
Abstract: A drill head for boring a deep hole capable of increasing boring accuracy by improving the roundness and the straightness of the hole. The drill head for boring the deep hole is formed by fixing a cutting edge (2) to the tip face side of a head body (1) and guide pads (3) and (4) to the tip outer peripheral side of the head body (1). The axial length (Lm) of a margin part (6) formed on the outer peripheral part tip side of the cutting edge (2) in the drill rotating direction and the axial lengths (Lp) of the guide pads (3) and (4) are determined to be substantially equal to each other, and the tip and rear end positions of the margin part (6) are aligned substantially with the tip and rear end positions of the guide pads (3) and (4) in the circumferential direction.
Patent KR-20080009054-A (KR)
Title: Process for the production of crosslinked polymer comprising low voc-producing silane crosslinker and resulting crosslinked polymer
Inventor: WELLER KEITH J
IPC: C08J3/24
Filed: 2006-02-06
Abstract: A process for crosslinking polymers employs a silane crosslinker which, upon hydrolysis, produces a reduced quantity of volatile organic compound.
Patent KR-20070108909-A (KR)
Title: Antiangiogenic agents with aldesleukin
Inventor: AUKERMAN SHARON LEA
IPC: A61K38/20
Filed: 2006-02-17
Abstract: The present invention relates to combination therapies with IL-2 compositions and antiangiogenic agents for the treatment of cancer. Further provided are methods of alleviating toxicities and increasing the efficacy associated with the administration of IL-2 compositions or antiangiogenic compositions.
Patent KR-20070111535-A (KR)
Title: Multifunctional material
Inventor: FURUYA MASAHIRO
IPC: B01J27/22
Filed: 2006-02-16
Abstract: This invention provides a multifunctional material that can easily adsorb VOC, has high photocatalytic activity and can function as a visible light-responsive photocatalyst by virtue of a large surface area and doping with carbon, and, at the same time, has high hardness and has excellent peeling resistance, abrasion resistance, chemical resistance, and heat resistance. The multifunctional material has a number of protrusions of titanium oxide or titanium alloy oxide on at least a part of the surface. For example, on at least a part of the surface, a layer in which fine columns of titanium oxide or titanium alloy oxide stand is exposed, or a number of continuous narrow-width protrusions of titanium oxide or titanium alloy oxide, and fine columns, which stand on the protrusions, are exposed on a thin film. The protrusions, for example, the fine columns, and the narrow-width protrusions have been doped with carbon.
Patent KR-20070110384-A (KR)
Title: 5-phenyl-pentanoic acid derivatives as matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors for the treatment of asthma and other diseases
Inventor: PALLE VENKATA P
IPC: C07D239/54
Filed: 2006-02-21
Abstract: The present invention relates to C ompounds having the structure of Formula I: wherein n is an integer from 1 to 5; R1 is optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkenyloxy or alkynyloxy; R 2 is alkenyl, allcynyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, NR4R5,-NHC(=Y)R4,-NHC(=Y)NR 5Rg,-NHC(=O)OR4,-NHSO2R 4, C(=Y)NR4R5, C(=O)OR6 [wherein Y is oxygen or sulphur], OR5,-O(C=O)NR4R5, O-acyl, S(O)mR4,-SO2N(R4) 2, cyano, amidino or guanidino [wherein R4 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl or cycloalkylalkyl and m is an integer 0-2; R5 is hydrogen or R4; Rx is R 4 or-SO2N(R4)2 and R6 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl or cycloalkylalkyl]; R3 is hydrogen, fluorine, alkyl, cycloalkylalkyl or aralkyl; A is OH, OR4,-OC(=O)NR4R5, O-acyl, NH2, NR4 R5,-NHC(=Y)R4,-NHC(=Y)NR5Rx,-NHC(=O)OR4,-NHSO2R4, and to processes for the synthesis of the same. This invention also relates to pharmacological compositions containing the compounds of the present invention, and methods of treating asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, COPD, rhinitis, osteoarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis, pulmonary fibrosis pulmonary inflammation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, perodontitis, multiple sclerosis, gingivitis, atherosclerosis, neointimal proliferation, which leads to restenosis and ischemic heart failure, stroke, renal diseases, tumor metastasis, and other inflammatory disorders characterized by over-expression and over-activation of an matrix metalloproteinase, using the compounds.
Patent KR-20070108560-A (KR)
Title: Memory cell data reading circuit, memory circuit, and memory cell data reading method
Inventor: ASAKAWA MASASHI
IPC: G11C7/22
Filed: 2005-03-31
Abstract: A memory cell data reading circuit comprising a judgment circuit (3) that reads a plurality of data from multiplexed memory cells (5) the data inverting directions of which are univocal, and that, if different data are existent in the read data, judges the data, which has not been inverted in accordance with the data inverting direction, as legal data stored in the memory cells (5); and an output part (4) that outputs, as data stored in the memory cells, the data that is judged as the legal data by the judgment circuit (3).
Patent KR-20080003358-A (KR)
Title: Redundant control circuit for hot melt adhesive hose assembly heater circuits and temperature sensors
Inventor: BOURGET DANIEL D
IPC: B05C5/00
Filed: 2006-05-01
Abstract: A redundant control circuit comprises a pair of heater circuits for heating a hot melt adhesive hose assembly to a predetermined temperature level, and a pair of temperature sensors which are used to sense the temperature of the hot melt adhesive hose assembly and to control energization of the heater circuits in order to maintain the desired temperature level. Should a failure occur within the first one of the heater circuits, then an electrical switch mechanism would be activated so as to effectively remove the first, failed heater circuit from the hot melt adhesive hose assembly electrical circuitry, and electrically connect the second one of the heater circuits to the hot melt adhesive hose assembly electrical circuitry. Similar switching procedures would also be implemented in connection with the pair of temperature sens.
Patent KR-20080005265-A (KR)
Title: Pattern based occupancy sensing system and method
Inventor: WANG LING
IPC: H05B37/02
Filed: 2006-04-11
Abstract: A pattern based occupancy sensing system and method includes an image array (24) generating an image signal (42) in response to an image, a microcontroller unit (MCU) (26) responsive to the image signal 42 and generating a communication signal (46), and a communication interface (38) responsive to the communication signal (46) and generating a system signal (50). The MCU (26) processes the image signal (42) to calculate area occupancy by analyzing an object for a pattern, determining whether the pattern matches a classifier, and processing the object when the pattern matches the classifier to calculate area occupancy.
Patent KR-20080007383-A (KR)
Title: Exposure method, exposure apparatus and device manufacturing method
Inventor: UEHARA YUSAKU
IPC: G03F7/20
Filed: 2006-05-23
Abstract: An exposure apparatus (100) is provided with an optical system including a liquid (Lq1); a sensor system (46) for obtaining energy information of an energy beam (1L) to be emitted into the liquid; and a controller (50), which predicts fluctuation of the optical characteristics of the optical system including the liquid due to liquid energy absorption, based on the energy information obtained by using the sensor system, and controls exposure operation to a matter (W) based on the prediction results. By means of the exposure apparatus, the exposure operation can be performed without being affected by the fluctuation of the optical characteristics of the optical system including the liquid due to the liquid energy absorption.
Patent KR-20080007399-A (KR)
Title: Air-conditioning system
Inventor: KONDO TETSUYUKI
IPC: F24F11/00
Filed: 2006-05-22
Abstract: An air-conditioning system (1) comprising a demand controller (10) for controlling the total consumed electric energy of air-conditioning loads. To enhance the amenity during demand control the system (1) is provided with an air conditioner (20) having a coolant circuit and adapted to handle the sensible heat load in the room and a humidifier (30) having adsorbing members (32,33) and adapted to handle the latent heat in the room, and the humidity in the room is regulated by the humidifier (30) according to the demand control levels while controlling the evaporation temperature of the coolant circuit constituting the air conditioner (20).
Patent KR-20080007667-A (KR)
Title: Receiving devices
Inventor: AALTONEN JANNE
IPC: H04H40/18
Filed: 2005-06-07
Abstract: A network includes a service provider, a plurality of transmitters and a receiving device. The receiving device identifies the frequencies at which broadcast services are provided by a transmitter local to the receiving device. A search is carried out until a signal is received by the receiving device (S4.1). Then, the receiving device looks-up the transmitter (step S4.2). This involves searching the table 29 and identifying the row 30 that includes data corresponding to the frequency of the found signal. Optionally, it is determined whether or not there is only one candidate transmitter (step S4.3), by determining how many rows 30 in the table 29 include data corresponding to the frequency of the found signal. If there is more than one row, then the transmitter is disambiguated (step S4.4.).
Patent KR-20080005310-A (KR)
Title: Wafer manufacturing method, polishing apparatus, and wafer
Inventor: NETSU SHIGEYOSHI
IPC: H01L21/306
Filed: 2001-10-22
Abstract: A wafer manufacturing method and wafer polishing apparatus in which the edge rounding of the edge of a wafer is controlled and consequently the value of nanotopology especially required recently is improved, a wafer polishing apparatus, and a wafer are disclosed. At a step of mirror-polishing a wafer, the back of the wafer is polished to form a reference surface of the wafer.