Patent GB-805633-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to gas turbine-driven plant
Inventor: HODGE JAMES
IPC: F02C3/04
Filed: 1955-03-17
Abstract: 805,633. Gas-turbine plant. POWER JETS (RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT) Ltd. March 15, 1956 [March 17, 1955; Aug. 26, 1955], Nos. 7786/55 and 24551/55. Class 110 (3). [Also in Group XXIX] A gas-turbine plant operable to produce a variable mass flow at a pressure above the maximum gasturbine cycle pressure has a mechanism responsive to a reduction of output demand substantially to zero to over-ride the normally operative fuel supply speed governor control and to restrict the fuel input to a predetermined idling rate. The plant shown comprises a low-pressure compressor 10 the output of which is divided into two streams. One stream passes through the duct 11 to the combustion chamber 12 and the other passes through a duct 13 to a high-pressure compressor 14 which discharges to an external user through a duct 18. The compressors 10, 14 are driven by turbines 15, 16 which are supplied in series with hot gases from the combustion chamber 12. A by-pass 19 controlled by a valve 20 connects the ducts 18 and 11. The valve 20 is controlled by a device 21 so that the reduction of flow in the duct 18 results in the opening of valve 20. A governor 22 maintains the speed of the compressor 14 by control of the fuel valve 26. To reduce the fuel flow on reduction of flow demand to zero, mechanism responsive to the flow demand is provided to reduce the flow in the pipe 23 to that corresponding to the idling condition. In the arrangement shown, the open setting of the valve 20 is used for this purpose. Manual operation of the idling control may be effected by the handle 24. In a modification, a fuel control responsive to the flow in the duct 18, Fig. 2, is provided between the governor-controlled valve 26 and the combustion chamber 12 to by-pass fuel back to the supply tank. When the plant is delivering compressed air and running at governed speed the piston 29 is lifted and the valve 31 is in its uppermost position. The plunger 36 and sleeve 32 are forced down against the action of a spring 37 by means of compressed air from the discharge of the low-pressure compressor. A vent valve 41 is kept closed by air pressure on the diaphragm 42 supplied from the highpressure compressor discharge duct 18 through a valve 43. In this position the passage of fuel in the spill conduit through ports 34, 35 is prevented and the speed governor 22 maintains it control. If the demand for air ceases completely apart from air line leakage, the piston 29 together with the valve 31 falls to a position opposite the ports 34, 35 but fuel is prevented from escaping by the sleeve 32. The piston rod extension with its valve 43 cushions the fall of the piston and at the same time the air flow through the valve 43 from the duct 18 is cut off. The air from the reservoir 44 leaks slowly away through the adjustable leak 45 and the pressure beneath the diaphragm 42 is reduced. The spring 46 then opens the vent valve 41 to atmosphere which causes the pressure in the bellows 39 to be released and allows the spring 37 to lift the sleeve 32. A definite spill flow then flows through the ports 34, 35 and brings the gas turbine unit down to its idling condition. When there is a resumed demand on the duct 18, the piston 29 and valve 31 is lifted to the position shown in Fig. 5 where there is still a limited leakage path for fuel from port 34 to port 35. The gas-turbine plant will then accelerate and air will be passed to the reservoir 44 at a greater rate than it is escaping through the leak 45. The pressure in the reservoir and under the diaphragm 42 then builds up and closes the vent 41. The pressure in the bellows 39 then increases and slightly depresses the sleeve 32. This decreases the spill flow still further and causes further acceleration of the engine. This procedure is repeated until the flow corresponding to full speed is regained. A modification of this arrangement for use in a gas-turbine plant discharging through a non-return valve to an air storage tank is also described. In this arrangement the valve 31 is also connected to a pivoted lever connected at its opposite end to bellows responsive to the pressure in the air storage tank. These bellows initiate the acceleration of the plant when the pressure in the storage tank falls below a predetermined value. The pivoted lever may be provided with a handle for manual operation. In this arrangement the reservoir 44 is placed in a branch from the pipe connecting the valve 43 and diaphragm 42 with a valve 53 (Fig. 6, not shown), to isolate it. When the plant is used to maintain pressure in the storage tank the valve 53 is shut since the delay period in throttling the fuel flow is not then necessary. The control mechanism shown in Fig. 2 may be made to work in a horizontal or inclined position by spring-loading the piston 29. Specification 774,391 is referred to.