Patent GB-1017998-A (GB)
Title: Phase position modulation and demodulation systems
IPC: H03K7/00
Filed: 1962-08-02
Abstract: 1,017,998. Phase-shifting. WESTERN ELECTRIC CO. Inc. Aug. 2, 1962 [Aug. 10, 1961 (2)], No. 29680/62. Heading H2F. [Also in Division H4] A phase shift network for use in a modulating or a demodulating circuit for phase-shift keyed signals includes a negative resistance, e.g. a tunnel diode, connected to at least one positive resistance, the magnitude of one of the resistances being changed (as described, by shortcircuiting) in accordance with a control signal to change the sign of the total resistance without substantially altering the total load presented by the network. Fig. 1 shows a carrier regenerator for providing a reference carrier for a demodulating circuit. Information is transmitted by phase-shifting a carrier between 0 and 180 degrees at the transmitter 23 and is received at 11, the output of the receiver being supplied to control a locked oscillator 12. The output of the oscillator supplies a reference frequency to a demodulator 15, and is supplied to a phase detector 13 which also receives the signal from receiver 11. The output of the phase detector 13 controls via a bi-stable flip-flop 14 a diode switch S1 connected across resistor 21 in the phase shift circuit 16, the resistor 21 being connected in series with a tunnel diode 20. The circuit 16 is connected across the output of receiver 11, resistor 22 representing the internal resistance of the receiver. An expression is given for calculating the value of resistance 21 to meet the required conditions so that reversing the sign of the total resistance of the network 16 as by shorting resistor 21 effects a phase shift of 180 degrees. It is assumed that oscillator 12 initially is locked in phase with the unmodulated carrier and thereafter the locked oscillator will only respond slowly to any phase shift of the received signal. The phase detector 13 provides an output signal when there is a phase difference between its two inputs and controls the diode S1 to make the required phase correction to the signal controlling the oscillator 12 so that it is always maintained at zero phase. In a modification, Fig. 4 (not shown), for deriving a reference phase for use in a system using three possible phase positions for signalling, a network comprising a tunnel diode 20, capacitor 61, resistor 21 and inductor 62 is connected across the output of the receiver via a directional coupler 68. A diode switch S1 connected across capacitor 61, resistor 21 and inductor 62 is controlled by bi-stable flip-flop 14 through phase detectors 13 as before. A further diode switch S2 is connected across the inductor 62 and is controlled by a bi-stable flip-flop 67 through a phase detector 66. The phase detector 66 receives one input from the directional coupler 68 and the other input from the output of the oscillator 12 via a 90 degrees phase shifter 65. It is assumed that the incoming signal may have either of three phase positions 60, 180 or 300 degrees. If the phase position of the received signal is 180 degrees then switch S1 will operate and effect the required correction and in this case S2 has no effect. When the received signal shifts to, say, 300 degrees, switch S2 is opened and effects the + 60 degrees correction, and switch S1 is opened. If the phase of the next signal is 60 degrees switch S2 reverts to its closed position and switch S1 is open. A similar system for providing a reference carrier in a four-phase position system is described, Fig. 7 (not shown).