baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent WO-2010076960-A2 (WO)
Title: Solder ball attaching method and soldering method using same
Inventor: PAK JAMES JUNG-HO
IPC: H01L21/60
Filed: 2009-10-20
Abstract: Provided are a method for attaching a solder ball to a substrate and a soldering method using the same. The solder ball attaching method according to the present invention: forms a liquid droplet on the substrate, and attaches the solder ball to the substrate by self-arranging the solder ball in the liquid droplet. In other words, the method: forms a solder ball land by allowing a portion of the substrate for solder ball attachment to be selectively hydrophilic; self-arranges the solder ball in the liquid droplet on the solder ball land; then forms a solder bump through the attachment of the solder ball to the substrate by evaporating the liquid droplet and allowing the solder ball to re-flow. The invention is able to reduce the costs required for facility investment by enabling the installation of the solder ball only through surface treatment and the use of the liquid droplet without a separate device for solder ball adsorption. In addition, the invention allows simple and rapid process through three steps consisting of surface treatment, application of the liquid droplet, and attachment of the solder ball so that prompt action is rapidly taken for the solder ball installation process.
Patent WO-2010053266-A2 (WO)
Title: 자동차용 발전기 교환 경고장치
Inventor: JIN KI HO
IPC: B60Q11/00
Filed: 2009-10-26
Abstract: 본 발명은 자동차용 발전기의 교체시기를 운전자에게 미리 알려주기 위한 자동차용 발전기 교환 경고장치에 관한 것으로, 특히, 도체를 절연체로 둘러싼 통전 센서를 브러시가 한계마모 상태에 이르기 이전에 통전되도록 브러시에 삽입설치하거나, 누름 스위치를 브러시와 브러시홀더 사이에 브러시가 한계마모 상태에 이르기 이전에 온(on) 되도록 설치하고, 상기 설치된 통전센서 또는 누름 스위치를 경고장치에 연결하여서, 상기 통전 센서가 통전되거나, 상기 누름 스위치가 온(on) 되면 상기 경고장치가 작동되도록 함으로써 브러시가 마모되어 발전기가 작동불능 상태에 이르기 이전에 미리 운전자에게 발전기 교환의 경고가 가능한 자동차용 발전기 교환 경고장치를 제공한다.
Patent WO-2010050716-A2 (WO)
Title: Gas scrubbing apparatus and gas scrubbing method
Inventor: KIM IK KYEON
IPC: H01L21/00
Filed: 2009-10-27
Abstract: A gas scrubbing apparatus and a gas scrubbing method are provided. The gas scrubbing apparatus of the present invention comprises a reaction tube whereinto reactant gas is introduced; a reactor that is connected with said reaction tube and turns said introduced reactant gas into plasma; and a water injection part that is used to inject water into the plasma in said reactor, enabling gas scrubbing to be performed very economically because the heat source of the plasma is used to vaporize water. Furthermore, because water is directly vaporized to scrub the reactant gas in the optimal region whereinto reactant gas plasma is discharged, the efficiency of gas scrubbing is also increased.
Patent WO-2010056010-A2 (WO)
Title: Double driving apparatus for a bicycle
Inventor: PARK MYUNG HO
IPC: B62M1/12
Filed: 2009-11-04
Abstract: The present invention provides a double driving apparatus for a bicycle, with a simple configuration in which a wire connected to a drawable or rotatable handle bar is pulled to drive a driving shaft regardless of the pressure applied to a pedal in a pedal-driven bicycle driven by stepping on the pedal. The double driving apparatus (A) for a bicycle is configured such that a driving shaft (8) is coupled to a bottom bracket (7), a sprocket (13) which is connected, via a chain (12), to a sprocket (11) arranged on a rear wheel shaft (10) is installed on the driving shaft together with two crank arms (14) coupled to pedals (15), and power is transmitted to a driving shaft tube (23) when a wire (28) is drawn from a handle shaft (4) or a frame (2). The driving shaft (8) is secured inside the driving shaft tube (23) which is fitted into the bottom bracket (7) via a bearing (22) so that the driving shaft (8) is supported by a bearing (9) and a unidirectional bearing (24). A driving ring (25) is coupled, by a unidirectional bearing (26), to one end of the driving shaft tube (23) exposed outwardly from the bottom bracket (7), so that one end of the wire (28) connected to the handle shaft (4) or the frame (2) is fixed at the driving ring (25). The sprocket (13) is mounted to the other end of the driving shaft tube (23). The driving ring (25) has a side surface on which a spring groove (25a) is formed to accommodate a torsion spring (27) such that both ends of the torsion spring (27) are fixed at a stopper (2a) which is fixed at the driving ring (25) and the frame (2). Handles (20, 20’, 20”) which are coupled to the handle shaft (4) or the frame (2) can be operated to provide power to the double driving apparatus (A) and reduce the labor of the legs of a bicycle rider when the bicycle rider becomes fatigued due to a long period of riding a bicycle (1). The present invention enables bicycle riders to exercise the arms thereof during riding, and enables the rapid travel of the bicycle when the bicycle rider uses the arms and legs at the same time. The present invention also enables people with leg disabilities to ride bicycles by operating the handles (20, 20’, 20”) coupled to the handle shaft (4) or the frame (2) under the assumption that the people with leg disabilities can balance at a standstill state.
Patent WO-2010137901-A2 (WO)
Inventor: CHANG SOKHO
IPC: B42D15/10
Filed: 2010-05-28
Abstract: 본 발명은 전자 카드에 있어서, RF 리더기로부터 전파를 수신하는 진동모듈 RF 안테나, 상기 진동모듈 RF 안테나의 전파 수신 여부에 따라 진동 발생을 위한 스위칭 동작을 온/오프하는 진동모듈 구동회로, 상기 RF 리더기로부터 거래 정보를 포함하는 전파를 수신하는 IC 칩 RF 안테나, 상기 IC 칩 RF 안테나를 통해 수신된 거래 정보에 따라 각각 상이한 패턴의 진동을 발생시키는 진동발생신호를 생성하여 상기 진동모듈 구동회로의 스위칭 동작을 제어하는 IC 칩 및 상기 진동모듈 구동회로의 스위칭 동작에 상응하는 진동을 발생하는 진동모듈을 포함하여 구성되는 진동형 카드에 관한 것이다.
Patent WO-2011019136-A2 (WO)
Inventor: SON WON JOONG
IPC: F16C35/07
Filed: 2010-06-01
Abstract: La présente invention concerne un appareil disolation électrique pour un roulement, comprenant une pluralité de couches métalliques constituées dun matériau métallique, et une couche disolation constituée dun matériau en verre entre les couches métalliques. Comme un appareil disolation électrique pour un roulement est susceptible de subir une corrosion électrique, indépendamment du type et de la taille du support, lappareil utilise un isolateur en matériau en verre pour faciliter le contrôle de lépaisseur dune couche formant lisolation et faciliter et améliorer la précision de la fabrication de la circonférence intérieure et de la circonférence extérieure du roulement. En outre, lappareil peut remplacer le procédé disolation à la céramique (revêtement doxyde de métal) et le procédé disolation à la résine (revêtement de résine) conventionnels en termes de performance disolation et de performance mécanique aussi bien que de coûts de fabrication. La partie centrale de lappareil disolation électrique pour un roulement est remplie dun matériau en verre pour complètement séparer électriquement lélément rotatif de lélément non rotatif. Lappareil disolation électrique pour un roulement peut être utilisé comme un matériau composant dun carter de roulement, et peut être utilisé comme un composant assemblé séparément dun roulement ou dun carter de roulement avec lequel il est utilisé.
Patent WO-2010143853-A2 (WO)
Inventor: KIM JUNG SUN
IPC: H04N19/60
Filed: 2010-06-07
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for decoding a video signal, comprising the steps of: acquiring a transform size flag of the current macroblock from a video signal; checking the number of non-zero transform coefficients at each pixel position in a first transform block which corresponds to the transform size flag; changing a scan order of the first transform block by prioritizing the position of the pixel having the greatest number of the non-zero transform coefficients in the first transform block; determining the number of the non-zero transform coefficients at each pixel position in a second transform block, and setting the changed scan order of the first transform block as an initialized scan order of the second transform block; adding the number of the non-zero transform coefficients at each pixel position in the first transform block and the number of the non-zero transform coefficients at each pixel position in the second transform block, and changing the scan order of the second transform block by prioritizing the position of the pixel having the greatest number of the non-zero transform coefficients; and decoding the transform coefficients arranged in the scan order changed in the previous step, wherein the first transform block and the second transform block have sizes corresponding to the transform size flag, and are contained in the current macroblock.
Patent WO-2010151093-A2 (WO)
Inventor: PARK KYU JIN
IPC: H04J11/00
Filed: 2010-06-28
Abstract: Linvention concerne un dispositif servant à transmettre et à recevoir des données de commande destinées à un répéteur, et un procédé associé. Le répéteur destiné à recevoir les données de commande dans un système de communication sans fil comprend: un module de réception pour recevoir, par lintermédiaire dune signalisation de couche supérieure provenant dune station de base, les données relatives à un bloc de ressources (RB) que le répéteur doit rechercher afin de recevoir les données de commande; un processeur pour détecter les données de commande à partir du premier RB, par le décodage à laveugle dau moins un RB reçu devant être recherché; et un module de réception pour recevoir, par lintermédiaire du premier RB provenant de la station de base, les données de commande détectées par le processeur.
Patent WO-2011052879-A2 (WO)
Title: System and method using a miniature model to assess power transmission line characteristics
Inventor: LEE DONG IL
IPC: G01R31/08
Filed: 2010-08-05
Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and method using a miniature model to assess power transmission line characteristics, wherein the method uses a miniature model of a power transmission line to assess power transmission line characteristics, and comprises the steps of: applying a voltage to the miniature power transmission line; measuring a field strength and ion current density generated at a ground by means of the voltage applied to the miniature power transmission line; determining an optimum value for each miniature power transmission line configuration; and converting the values into environmental interruption values for the actual power transmission line by means of the field strength and ion current density.
Patent WO-2011021878-A2 (WO)
Title: Method and system for assigning physical uplink control channel (pucch) resources
Inventor: ZHANG JIANZHONG
IPC: H04J11/00
Filed: 2010-08-20
Abstract: A base station includes a transmit path circuitry to transmit a downlink (DL) grant in a single control channel element (CCE) to a subscriber station in a subframe n-k while the subscriber station performs an orthogonal transmit diversity scheme using N transmit antennas (N-Tx ORT) with N being a positive integer greater than 1. The transmit path circuitry is further configured to transmit data streams to the subscriber station. The base station also includes a receive path circuitry to receive an acknowledgement signal from the subscriber station in response to the data streams. The acknowledgement signal is carried in at least two physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources in a subframe n. A first resource of the PUCCH resources corresponds to the control channel element used to transmit the downlink grant, and a second resource of the PUCCH resources is assigned by a mapping function.
Patent WO-2011083977-A2 (WO)
Title: Method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving control information in wireless communication system
Inventor: LEE YOUNG DAE
IPC: H04L29/08
Filed: 2011-01-06
Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving control information in a wireless communication system are provided. In a method for receiving control information of a plurality of multiplexed channels by a User Equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the UE receives first control information including a first field indicating a specific identifier from a base station, wherein the plurality of multiplexed channels are not transmitted during a specific time interval based on the specific identifier.
Patent WO-2011083999-A2 (WO)
Title: 바이구아나이드 유도체, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 유효성분으로 함유하는 약학 조성물
Inventor: KIM SUNG WUK
IPC: C07C279/26
Filed: 2011-01-06
Abstract: 본 발명은 N4-N5-치환된 화학식 1로 표시되는 바이구아나이드 유도체 또는 그의 약학적으로 허용 가능한 염, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 유효성분으로 약학 조성물을 제공한다. 본 발명의 바이구아나이드　유도체는 기존 약물에 비해 적은 양으로도 우수한 AMPKα 활성화 효과 및 암세포 증식 억제 효과를 나타내어 당뇨, 비만, 고지혈증, 고콜레스테롤혈증, 지방간, 관상동맥질환, 골다공증, 다낭성 난소증후군, 대사성 증후군, 암 등의 치료를 위해 유용하게 이용될 수 있다.
Patent WO-2011139051-A2 (WO)
Inventor: LEE JOUNG-WOOK
IPC: B60R11/02
Filed: 2011-04-29
Abstract: La présente invention concerne un support de dispositif électronique pour automobiles qui permet de placer un dispositif électronique sur une partie adhésive collée à un tableau de bord avec une force d'adhérence réduite au minimum. Le support maintient le dispositif électronique en offrant la possibilité de l'orienter dans diverses directions lorsqu'un dispositif électronique et analogue sont placés sur le tableau de bord, permettant ainsi à un utilisateur de regarder facilement le dispositif.
Patent WO-2012060593-A2 (WO)
Title: Reinforcement bar coupler
Inventor: KIM BYUNG SUB
IPC: E04G21/12
Filed: 2011-10-31
Abstract: The present invention pertains to a reinforcement bar coupler. More specifically, the reinforcement bar coupler includes: a female thread having an inclined tapered surface on the inside surface of a coupler cap; and a fastening spring to be inserted and coupled with the female thread, wherein the fastening spring increases in diameter thereof while contacting the root of the female thread so that a reinforcement bar may slip in the case that the reinforcement bar is inserted inside, and decreases in diameter while moving along the inclined tapered surface so that the reinforcement bar may be restrained in the case that an external force is applied thereto in the opposite direction of insertion in the state that the reinforcement bar is inserted. The reinforcement bar coupler may simply connect and fix a reinforcement bar in a one-touch manner using the change in diameter due to the torsion of the fastening spring with a relatively simple configuration.
Patent WO-2012064161-A2 (WO)
Title: Procédé et appareil pour générer une communauté
Inventor: YOO SEUNG-YEOL
IPC: G06Q50/00
Filed: 2011-11-14
Abstract: L'invention concerne un procédé et un appareil qui génèrent une communauté en fonction des objectifs et des intentions de ses membres. Des informations de contexte relatives à un premier membre sont recueillies. Une liste des objectifs que le premier membre veut accomplir et une liste des possibilités que le premier membre peut offrir sont déduites, en fonction des informations de contexte. Une recherche est menée pour trouver un second membre qui a au moins un d'une possibilité correspondant à au moins un objectif listé dans la liste des objectifs et d'un objectif correspondant à au moins une possibilité listée dans la liste des possibilités. Et alors, une communauté comprenant le premier membre et le second membre est générée.
Patent WO-2012070874-A2 (WO)
Title: 엘이디 조명등용 복합방열판 및 이를 포함하는 엘이디 조명등
Inventor: KIM YOUNG CHUL
IPC: F21Y101/02
Filed: 2011-11-23
Abstract: 본 발명은 엘이디모듈이 하부에 부착되는 평면방열판, 및 상기 평면방열판의 상면에 부착된 요철방열판을 포함하는 엘이디 조명등용 복합방열판 및 이를 포함하는 엘이디 조명등을 제공하며, 상기 구성에 의하면 적은 공간에도 방열면적을 극대화하여 방열효율 및 방열속도를 개선하며, 동시에 제품을 경량화한 엘이디 조명등을 제공할 수 있다.
Patent WO-2012157983-A2 (WO)
Title: 아민 화합물, 이의 제조방법, 액정 배향제, 액정 배향막 및 액정 표시 소자
Inventor: LEE SEUNG KUE
Filed: 2012-05-17
Abstract: 본 발명은 아민 화합물, 이의 제조방법, 이를 포함하는 액정 배향제, 액정 배향막 및 액정 표시 소자에 관한 것이다. 본 발명에 의한 아민 화합물을 사용하여 제조된 폴리아믹산 또는 폴리이미드를 포함하는 액정 배향제에 의하면, 액정 배향막 형성 후에도 열적 안정성이 우수하고, 자외선 조사 후에도 높은 배향성과 안정성을 발현할 수 있는 액정 배향막 및 액정 표시 소자를 제공할 수 있다.
Patent WO-2018016854-A2 (WO)
Title: 비동기 디지털 통신 모듈
Inventor: HWANG JIN SOON
Filed: 2017-07-18
Abstract: 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따르는 디지털 송신 모듈은, 클라이언트 장치와 연결 가능한 호스트 장치에 구비되는 디지털 송신 모듈에 있어서, 상기 호스트 장치로부터 T1, T2, T3 및 T4가 순차적으로 연결되어 하나의 주기를 형성하는 클락을 제공하는 클락 생성부 및 상기 클락 생성부로부터 상기 클락을 제공받고, 상기 호스트 장치로부터 디지털 비트를 제공 받고, 상기 클락을 기준으로 상기 디지털 비트를 인코딩하여 전압 펄스를 생성한 후, 상기 클라이언트 장치로 상기 전압 펄스를 전송하는 전압 인코더부를 포함할 수 있다.
Patent WO-2009088279-A2 (WO)
Inventor: FOO LAI NING
IPC: G06F21/79
Filed: 2009-01-02
Abstract: L'invention concerne un système et un procédé de protection intégrés à un dispositif de stockage tel qu'une clé USB pour empêcher l'accès non autorisé à des informations confidentielles stockées dans la clé USB. La clé USB contient un code enregistré et un programme d'application de sécurité permettant de vérifier que l'utilisateur a un accès autorisé à la clé USB. Le programme d'application de la sécurité est relié à un serveur servant à identifier la clé USB détectée, ceci permettant de vérifier que le titulaire légitime accède à la clé USB.
Patent WO-2019209109-A2 (WO)
Title: Method providing ecg analysis interface and system
Inventor: VAN DAM PETER MICHAEL
Filed: 2019-04-25
Abstract: The present application relates to a method, such as implemented on a computing device part of and/or coupled to an EGG device, for providing an EGG analysis interface relating to a person, the method comprising steps of: - obtaining data entry identifying the person for obtaining historical data pertaining to at least one preceding data point from a database, - obtaining at least one historical EGG measurement result pertaining to said at least one data point from the database, - obtaining historical EGG electrode location information relating to the electrode placement of the respective at least one data point, - obtaining latest or new EGG electrode location information measurement of electrode positions for a live EGG measurement, - obtaining latest or new EGG measurement results of the person with the location measured electrodes, - performing steps of verification as to differences between the historical EGG electrode location information and the latest or new EGG electrode location information, - assembling the EGG analysis interface comprising a representation of differences between the at least one historical EGG measurement result and the latest or new EGG measurement results, preferably if the steps of verification provide a sufficient result.
Patent WO-2008121018-A2 (WO)
Title: Produit alimentaire imitant l'aspect de vraies pièces de viande, et son procédé de fabrication
Inventor: PESKIN ALEXANDER VLADIMIROVICH
IPC: A23L13/60
Filed: 2008-03-18
Abstract: L'invention concerne l'industrie de la viande en général, et en particulier les produits carnés surtout destinés aux animaux de compagnie, plus spécifiquement les chiens et les chats, ou d'autres animaux domestiques dont le régime alimentaire inclut de la vraie viande. L'invention concerne en particulier un produit alimentaire imitant l'aspect de vraies pièces ou de vrais morceaux de viande, ainsi que le procédé permettant de fabriquer ce produit alimentaire. La description de l'invention a trait à un produit alimentaire qui comprend des pièces imitant l'aspect d'une vraie pièce de viande, une des surfaces de chaque pièce présentant une structure clairement similaire à la structure fibreuse et striée des muscles qui est caractéristique de la vraie viande. La description de l'invention se rapporte également à un procédé permettant de fabriquer ce produit alimentaire.
Patent WO-2023277814-A2 (WO)
Inventor: DAI CHENGCHENG
Filed: 2022-06-29
Abstract: La présente invention concerne un appareil mis en œuvre par ordinateur et un procédé associé, pour prédire des conditions de circulation par rapport à un itinéraire spécifié sélectionné dans un réseau routier représentatif d'une région géographique. L'appareil mis en œuvre par ordinateur comprend un processeur et une mémoire et est configuré, sous la commande du processeur, pour exécuter des instructions stockées dans la mémoire pour : recevoir des données d'entrée représentatives dudit itinéraire spécifié comprenant un ou plusieurs segments de route entre un emplacement de départ et une destination sélectionnés parmi un réseau routier représentant une région géographique ; obtenir un graphique de diffusion représentatif dudit itinéraire spécifié, ledit graphique de diffusion comprenant des bords reliés par des nœuds, une pondération associée à chaque bord comprenant une probabilité de transition respective représentant une probabilité de circulation sur un segment de route respectif diffusant vers un autre segment de route ; et utiliser une structure basée sur un transformateur pour prédire une condition de circulation pour chaque segment de l'itinéraire ; ladite structure basée sur un transformateur comprenant un module d'attention et une entrée configurée pour recevoir un ensemble de dimensions d'entrée pour chaque segment de l'itinéraire, lesdites dimensions comprenant au moins une probabilité de transition et des données temporelles respectives, ladite structure basée sur un transformateur comprenant en outre un module de réglage d'attention configuré pour recevoir chaque ensemble de dimensions d'entrée et générer à partir de celui-ci un modificateur de pondération pour modifier les pondérations d'attention générées par ledit module d'attention sur la base de la probabilité d'un état de trafic sur un segment de route ayant une influence sur un état de trafic sur un autre segment de route.
Patent WO-2007008180-A2 (WO)
Inventor: MADIC SASA
Filed: 2006-07-04
Abstract: Ce comptoir ou cette table self-service contient au moins une unité d'apport de boisson tenant lieu de dispositif de guidage tournant autour d'un axe vertical et contenant au moins deux éléments de blocage assurant la définition, le blocage ou la commutation des positions de l'unité de distribution, alors que la position est dotée d'un écran client.
Patent WO-2018208264-A2 (WO)
Title: Dispositif de guidage pour l'eau de rinçage et w.-c. équipés dudit dispositif
Inventor: TÜRKÖZ HATICE
Filed: 2017-12-14
Abstract: L'invention a pour objet un dispositif de guidage destiné à être positionné sur des W.-C., et servant à guider le passage de l'eau de rinçage dans la cuvette des W.-C., ainsi que des W.-C. équipés dudit dispositif. Le dispositif de guidage (Y) est disposé sur les W.-C. (K), dans un conduit de sortie (6), par lequel l'eau de chasse provenant d'au moins un conduit d'eau propre (1) est déversée dans au moins une rainure de la cuvette (2). Le dispositif de guidage (Y) comprend des ouvertures (3) qui sont disposées sur ses deux bord latéraux et qui permettent le passage de l'eau de rinçage.
Patent TR-2021020437-A2 (TR)
Title: NAR SUYU LOKUM ve ÜRETİM YÖNTEMİ
Inventor: FURKAN ÖNSÜZ
IPC: A23G3/00
Filed: 2021-12-20
Abstract: Mevcut buluş, yiyecek sektöründe yeni bir lokum çeşidinin üretim ve yöntemiyle, kalorisi düşük, besin değeri yüksek, güç ve kuvvet sembolünü temsil eden nar meyvesinin yapısında barındırdığı mineraller, vitaminler ve antioksidanlardan oluşan nar suyundan lokum üretilmiştir. Lokum çeşitlerine yeni bir tat ve lezzet katmak, sağlık için nar meyvesinin suyu kullanılarak nar suyundan lokum geliştirilmiştir. Nar meyvesi içerdiği besin öğeleri bakımından çok besleyici ayrıca oldukça lezzetli olmasından dolayı, nar suyu ile yaptığımız lokum, gıda sanayinde lokum çeşitliğini artırmak ve tüketicilere sağlık bakımından besin değeri olan faydalı, farklı aromalı ve lezzetli bir ürünü tüketme imkanı sunmak amacıyla üretilmiştir.  Nar suyu lokumu antioksidan içerdiğinden bağışıklık sistemini güçlendirdiği gibi üretiminde rafineri şekeri kullanılmadığından kalorisi düşük diyabet hastaları ve diyet yapanların da tüketebilecekleri nitelikte geliştirilmiştir. Buluşumuz nar meyvesinin preslenerek direkt suyundan doğal sağlıklı lokum yapılarak tüketime sunulacak şekilde üretilmiştir.
Patent TR-2021021773-A2 (TR)
Title: Yayin akişi üzeri̇nden anket sonuçlarinin elde edi̇lmesi̇ni̇ sağlayan bi̇r si̇stem
Inventor: FERHAT KILIÇ
IPC: G06Q30/02
Filed: 2021-12-30
Abstract: Bu buluş, kullanıcının televizyon ve/veya set üstü kutu üzerinde tercih ettiği bir yayın akışını izlemesi sırasında yayın üzerinden sunulan en azından bir anketin sahip olduğu bir kumanda üzerinden yanıtlamasına olanak sağlayan bir sistem (1) ile ilgilidir.