Patent GB-1117970-A (GB)
Title: Random access memory system
IPC: G11C11/06
Filed: 1967-04-28
Abstract: 1,117,970. Defective storage cells; read-only and erasable stores. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP. 28 April, 1967 [15 June, 1966], No. 19608/67. Headings G4A and G4C. [Also in Division H3] A random-access memory system comprises a word-addressable main memory, each word line being divided into sub-words and having associated with it separate cells specifying which of the sub-words contain defective cells and the address of at least one replacement sub-word in a replacement store. Word lines 12 of a main memory 10 are continuations of the word lines of a read-only memory 20, so when a word of the main memory 10 is addressed for read or write, the read-only memory 20 supplies: 16 flag bits specifying which, if any, of the 16 sub-words of the main memory word contain defective bit cells, 16 bits to select a word line of a replacement store 17, 4 bits to select one of 16 subwords of the selected word of the replacement store 17, and 6 check bits (e.g. Hamming code) which are used to correct any errors in the other bits from the read-only memory before use. If all the flag bits are zero (no defective cells in the main memory word), the 20 bits for addressing the replacement store 17 will be zeroes so that no addressing will take place. In a read operation, the addressed main memory word is read out into a one-word transfer register (of flip-flops). If any of the sub-words have defective cells, the relevant replacement word (which may be shared between a plurality of main memory words) is read from the replacement store 17 into a one-word replacement register (of flip-flops). The flag bits cause the sub-word sections of the transfer register fed from defective sub-words of the main memory 10 to be selected in turn to be reset and receive the contents of a sub-word section of the replacement register. The first sub-word section of the replacement register to be used for this purpose is that specified by the read-only memory 20 which sets a counting register to select one of the sections. The other sections used are the successively adjacent sections in the replacement register, obtained by incrementing the counting register as many times as necessary. The contents of the transfer register are finally sent to the computer 32. A write operation is similar except that those subword sections of a word placed in the transfer register by the computer 32 which will be going into defective sub-words of the main memory 10 are copied into the appropriate sub-word sections of the replacement register (these sections having first been reset) before restoring the contents of this register into the replacement store 17. The replacement store 17 could be a part of the main memory 10. Cross-bar switching circuitry could be used to allow a plurality of sub-words to be replaced simultaneously, instead of sequentially as above. Error detection and correction could be associated with the transfer and replacement registers. Construction of memories (Figs. 5, 7).-The main memory 10 and read-only memory 20 are formed on different parts of a common ground plane 110 on which are deposited successive layers of insulation, magnetic film and conductive material forming a laminate 113 including two anisotropic magnetic layers 114, each 800 Š thick. Word lines 12 extend across both the erasable main memory and the read-only memory. The laminate 113 is etched through in the main memory portion 10 to form bitsense lines 11 orthogonal to the word lines 12. In the read-only portion (Fig. 7), transverse sense lines 116, 120 are formed in complementary pairs by selectively etching copper ladder networks on the two sides of a plastic sheet (not shown) so that the sense lines 116, 120, at their intersections with the word lines 12, run parallel or orthogonal to the word lines to store 1 and 0 respectively. Each pair of sense lines is connected to a terminating resistor 122 at one end and feeds a differential amplifier 130 at the other. The word lines 12 include magnetic keeper layers. The main memory 10 could be broken up into a plurality of modules.