Patent GB-1267344-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to joints between overlapping workpieces and methods of making same
Inventor: DEVILLE ARTHUR ERNEST
IPC: B23K11/16
Filed: 1968-04-09
Abstract: 1,267,344. Welding by pressure. G.K.N. GROUP SERVICES Ltd. 8 April, 1969 [9 April, 1968], No. 16908/68. Heading B3R. In a joint between overlapping workpieces, at least the first of which comprises a laminated sheet having two outer metal laminµ and a non-conducting intermediate lamina and the other of which has outer metal faces, a pin penetrates the non-conducting lamina and is fused to the metal lamina which presents the exposed face of the first workpiece and forms or forms a part of a continuous metal structure which unites the second workpiece with the lamina providing the exposed face of the first workpiece. In joining a laminated sheet 10, Fig. 4, comprising outer metal, e.g. mild steel laminµ 10a, 10b and a thermoplastic synthetic resin intermediate lamina 10c to a similar laminated sheet 11, the sheets being overlapped, a guide sleeve 14 is provided on the sheet 10 and a metal, e.g. mild steel pin 13 is driven through the sheets into a hole 17 in a support 16. The pin may alternatively be inserted into a hole punched through the sheets by a punch tool. Welding electrodes are then applied to the ends of the pin and alternating current and pressure are applied to upset the pin, the ends of the pin forming simple heads which are fused to the metal lamina 10a, 10b. The pressure may be continued upon the end of the current pulse. The end of the pin to penetrate the sheets may be cut at an oblique angle. Instead of thermoplastic material the inter-layer may be of thermosetting resin or a woven fabric impregnated with thermosetting or thermoplastic resin. In joining a nut 27, Fig. 7, to a laminated sheet 30 having metal laminµ 26a, 26b and a non- metallic lamina 26c the nut has a number of pins 29 projecting axially from an end face. These pins are caused to penetrate the sheet 30 so that they engage the lamina 26b internally and welding electrodes are applied to the nut face 31 and the lamina 26b. The passage of current between the electrodes causes the pins to upset and become fused to the laminµ 26b and 26a. The pins may be integral with the nut or separate therefrom as lengths of wire in sockets in the nut and secured by welding before the penetration of the sheet 30 or during the passage of current by the electrodes as aforesaid. A threaded stud, a quick release fastener or a non-laminated metal sheet or member may be used instead of a nut. The pins 29 in Fig. 7 may penetrate the lamina 26b and become welded to the exposed surface thereof and in Fig. 4 the pin need not penetrate the lamina 11a. Also in Fig. 4, two pairs may be used, one to penetrate the sheet 10 except for lamina 10b and the other to penetrate sheet 11 except for lamina 11b, current and pressure being applied to weld the laminµ 10b, 11b together and the pins to the laminµ 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b. The pins may have enlarged heads. If both metal laminµ are in contact two separate pins are used each penetrating the non-conducting lamina and being welded to the metal lamina, the metal laminµ being welded together.