Patent GB-887103-A (GB)
Title: Gyromagnetic resonance methods and apparatus
IPC: G01R33/44
Filed: 1958-06-10
Abstract: 887,103. Electric tests. VARIAN ASSOCIATES. June 10, 1958 [July 11, 1957], No. 18554/58. Class 37. In apparatus for performing measurements involving gyromagnetic nuclear resonance, resonance is produced at two separate sets of gyromagnetic bodies in a single polarizing field, the combination of the resonance signals giving an output signal which is independent of variation in the strength of the polarizing field. In the arrangement shown in Fig. 1 the two sets of gyromagnetic bodies are hydrogen nuclei in benzene and hydrogen nuclei in ethyl alcohol which are disposed respectively in first and second coaxial compartments of a sample holder 1. The usual polarizing field 2, transmitter coil 7 and detector coil 3 are provided. The output of the receiver coil 3 is fed through amplifier 4, phase and amplitude control 5 and modulator 6 to the transmitter coil. Noise sets the system in oscillation and the control 5 is adjusted so that oscillation continues at the resonance frequency of the benzene which is chosen as the reference. A sweep generator 8 causes a variable frequency source to give a frequency output which is combined with a reference in modulator 8 to give side bands which exclude the resonance frequency of the sample under test (in this case ethyl alcohol) and preferably are arranged to one side of the reference frequency. When the side band frequency coincides with the sample resonance frequency resonance is produced which will produce a signal in receiver coil 3 which is amplified at 4. The side bands and carrier frequencies are heterodyned at detector 12 to produce sum and difference frequencies. The difference frequency is amplified at 13 and fed to a discriminator 14 also fed with a signal from variable frequency source 9. Comparison of these two signals gives a D.C. signal indicating the resonance of a particular group under analysis which is indicated and recorded at 15. A dual compartment sample-holder is not essential. A single strong resonance line within the sample under test may be used as the reference or if such a line is not to be found reference is produced by means of a substance having a different gyromagnetic ratio from the substance under test and a reference frequency in the circle spectrum is synthesized by frequency dividers and multipliers (Fig. 3, not shown). Fig. 4 shows an arrangement for detecting resonance using only a single fixed coil in place of the transmitter and receiver. This tuned circuit and a further tuned circuit 33 are connected to opposite ends of centre tap secondary of transformer 31, the primary of which is fed with a carrier and side-band frequencies. Resonance in the sample unbalances the output which is taken from transformer 32 and fed to the amplifier. A still further arrangement is described with reference to Fig. 5 (not shown), in which an amplifier is alternately switched on and off by a pulsing circuit. Noise present at the amplifier input is amplified during the on period and fed to a delay line where it is delayed for a period equivalent to the energization time of the amplifier. The output of the delay line is then modulated with the signal from a variable frequency source, as described with reference to Fig. 1, and the carrier and sideband signals are applied to a measuring probe. This caused forced precession of the gyromagnetic bodies during the period when the amplifier is cut off. When the pulse from the amplifier terminates the bodies continue to precess freely, inducing a signal in a detector coil. During this period the pulse switches on the amplifier again to amplify the rest of the signal of the reference group. This reference signal is then delayed and modulated with a signal derived from the variable frequency source to produce side-bands which produce successive resonances of the group of gyromagnetic bodies in the sample under analysis. Specification 867,843 is referred to.