baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent JP-2022075965-A (JP)
Title: Processing apparatus
IPC: H04N21/4402
Filed: 2022-03-24
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make it possible to transmit HDR video data after applying appropriate photoelectric conversion according to an image content to the HDR video data. 
     SOLUTION: Input video data having a level range of 0% to 100%*N (N is a number greater than 1) is subjected to photoelectric conversion to obtain transmission video data. A container including a video stream obtained by encoding the transmission video data is transmitted. Information on electro-optic conversion characteristics for each predetermined unit of the transmission video data is inserted into a video stream layer and/or a container layer. For example, the predetermined unit is a scene unit or a program unit. 
     SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 9 
     COPYRIGHT: (C)2022,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2023142515-A (JP)
Title: Recording device, and holding structure of resin plate
Inventor: TAMURA AKITO
IPC: B41J29/00
Filed: 2022-03-25
Abstract: To provide a recording device which can be stably operated, and a holding structure of a resin plate.SOLUTION: In a step in which a support part 112 is inserted into an opening part 210, the opening 210 receives the support part 112 from its opening in the state of deforming a projection part 211a; the support part 112, in the state in which the support part 112 is inserted into the opening part 210, maintains the state of being moved to a recess part 212a in a second direction by having the deformed projection part 211a recovered to come into contact with an extension part 112a of the support part 112; and a supporting surface 112b supports the underside of a resin plate 200 from below at both sides of a first direction in the recess part 212a.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 8
Patent JP-2022159070-A (JP)
Title: Moisture-curable composition
Inventor: KAWADA MADOKA
IPC: C08K9/00
Filed: 2022-03-25
Abstract: To provide a moisture-curable composition which has excellent storage stability while being imparted with excellent depth curability.SOLUTION: A moisture-curable composition contains: a polyoxyalkylene polymer (A) having a hydrolyzable silyl group; a surface-treated calcium carbonate (B); a metal-containing inorganic compound (C) containing at least one metal atom selected from the group consisting of metal atoms belonging to Group 11 in the periodic table; and a silanol condensation catalyst (D). Thus, the moisture-curable composition has excellent depth curability and storage stability.SELECTED DRAWING: None
Patent JP-2022084854-A (JP)
Title: Methods for preventing or treating certain disorders by inhibiting binding of il-4 and/or il-13 to their respective receptors
IPC: A61P11/06
Filed: 2022-03-25
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a composition comprising a protein that inhibits IL-4 and/or IL-13 from binding to their respective receptors in order to treat, ameliorate or prevent allergic asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, lung fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis or adult respiratory distress syndrome. 
     SOLUTION: According to the present invention, there is provided a composition comprising lipocalin mutein or a fragment or variant thereof or a fusion protein or conjugate thereof, and administered locally to the lungs, preferably by aerosol inhalation. 
     EFFECT: The lipocalin mutein is capable of inhibiting in vivo human IL-13 induced transcript Ccl11 (eotaxin) and its potency is more effective than the IL-4 mutant. 
     SELECTED DRAWING: None 
     COPYRIGHT: (C)2022,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2023143456-A (JP)
Title: Automated transaction device and automated transaction method
Inventor: YAMASHITA HIROAKI
IPC: G07D11/26
Filed: 2022-03-25
Abstract: To securely return a card to a user if the user left the card behind.SOLUTION: An automated transaction device according to the embodiment, which conducts financial transactions using a card including a numberless card, includes: a card/receipt port into which the card is inserted and from which a card and a receipt are ejected after a transaction; a carrying unit that carries the card; a first image sensor unit that captures an image of the front side of the card; a second image sensor that captures an image of the back side of the card; a card reader that reads information on the magnetic stripe or IC chip of the card; a control unit that stores the image of the front side of the card, the image of the back side of the card, and the information on the magnetic stripe or IC chip of the card; a printer unit that prints on the receipt; and an intake unit that takes in the card and the receipt ejected from the card/receipt port in the event that the card and the receipt are left behind.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4
Patent JP-2022190662-A (JP)
Title: Image forming apparatus
Inventor: YASU KOJI
IPC: G03G15/00
Filed: 2022-03-25
Abstract: To set an appropriate transfer voltage even in an environment in which prevention of patch void and prevention of strong void are difficult, such as a high temperature and high humidity environment.SOLUTION: An image forming apparatus 100 has an image carrier 10, a transfer member 20, an application unit 21, and a control unit 210. In performing constant voltage control on a transfer voltage so that a voltage that the application unit 21 applies to the transfer member 20 becomes substantially constant, the control unit 210 perform control to define the transfer voltage as a first voltage when the amount of toner used for a toner image is a first amount of toner, and defines the transfer voltage as a second voltage that has an absolute value smaller than the absolute value of the first voltage when the amount of toner is a second amount of toner larger than the first amount of toner.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2023148011-A (JP)
Title: Game machine
Inventor: TAIRA YUKI
IPC: A63F7/02
Filed: 2022-03-30
Abstract: To provide a game machine that does not grant excessive prize balls to a player.SOLUTION: A Pachinko game machine PY1 is capable of executing a first special game in which a variable winning region changes to an open state, and is capable of executing a second special game following the execution of the first special game when a game ball entering the variable winning region further enters a specific region during the execution of the first special game. The Pachinko game machine is capable of measuring a difference ball number based on the number of prize balls granted to a player, and if the difference ball number is a prescribed reference number (80000) or more, executes control so that the game is not executable later. The Pachinko game machine is also capable of executing a passing possible notification performance for notifying that a game ball can enter the specific region. In a case where the difference ball number becomes the reference ball number or more by the prize balls granted in response to the entry to the variable winning region in the first special game, the passing possible notification performance is executed in a more conspicuous mode than in a case where the difference ball number does not reach the reference number.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 67
Patent JP-2023148663-A (JP)
Title: electric pump
Inventor: KANAMONO Hirotaka
IPC: F04C15/00
Filed: 2022-03-30
Abstract: To provide an electric pump having a structure capable of inhibiting increase in manufacturing costs even if a change occurs in an attached body.SOLUTION: An electric pump includes: a motor having a shaft and a rotor which may rotate around a center axis; a pump mechanism connected to one axial side of the shaft; a housing which houses the motor; and a flange part provided separately from the housing. The housing has: a housing body which houses the motor therein; and a flange fixing part which may be detachably attached to the flange part.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4
Patent JP-2023149659-A (JP)
Title: Wafer mounting table
Inventor: INOUE SEIYA
IPC: H01L21/683
Filed: 2022-03-31
Abstract: To improve thermal uniformity of a wafer and to prevent electrical discharge in a gas intermediate passage.SOLUTION: A wafer mounting table 10 includes: a ceramic plate 20 incorporating an electrode 22; a conductive plate 30 provided on a lower surface side of the ceramic plate 20; a conductive bonding layer 40 for bonding the ceramic plate 20 and the conductive plate 30; and a gas intermediate passage 50 provided at an interface between the conductive bonding layer 40 and the conductive plate 30; a plurality of gas supply passages 52 extending from the gas intermediate passage 50 to a wafer mounting surface 21 penetrating the conductive bonding layer 40 and the ceramic plate 20; and gas introduction passages 54 which are provided so as to penetrate the conductive plate 30 in a vertical direction and communicate with the gas intermediate passage 50, and the number of which is smaller than the number of the gas supply passages 52 communicating with the gas intermediate passage 50.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2
Patent JP-2023150187-A (JP)
Title: Motor and rotor device
Inventor: NAKAMURA SHINTARO
IPC: H02K5/10
Filed: 2022-03-31
Abstract: To provide a motor which enables improvement of dust-proof and waterproof performance, and to provide a rotor device.SOLUTION: A motor (1) includes: an annular rotor (20); and a stator (10) facing the rotor (20). The rotor (20) has: a magnet (23); and a housing (21) which covers the magnet (23). The stator (1) has: a coil (15); and a holder (11) which holds the coil (15). The housing (21) has first protruding parts (212g, 212h) protruding to the holder (11). The holder (11) has a second protruding part (113) protruding to the housing (21). The second protruding part (113) faces the first protruding parts (212g, 212h) in a radial direction through an air gap.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 7
Patent JP-2023150536-A (JP)
Title: roll
Inventor: YAMADA JUNYA
IPC: B08B1/04
Filed: 2022-03-31
Abstract: To provide a roll which can suppress deformation and inclination of an outer peripheral side of a roll piece constituting a roll body and can reduce manufacturing cost.SOLUTION: A roll 10 includes a base 2 ad a roll part 1. The base 2 includes a plurality of shafts 3a, 3b and flanges 4a, 4b on both ends for connecting end parts of the plurality of the shafts 3a, 3b. The roll part 1 is formed by laminating a disc-shaped roll piece 5 which is made of a non-woven fabric and/or a porous synthetic resin body, and where a plurality of hole parts communicating from one side surface to the other side surface is evenly formed on a concentric circle in a manner that the hole parts coincide. In the roll part 1, shafts 3a, 3b... are inserted into the continuous hole parts respectively, and the roll part is pressed from both end sides and fixed by the flanges 4a, 4b.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2023150675-A (JP)
Title: Egr device for internal combustion engine
Inventor: YAMAMOTO HIROSHI
IPC: F02M26/12
Filed: 2022-03-31
Abstract: To provide an EGR device for an internal combustion engine capable of enhancing support rigidity of an EGR valve relative to a cylinder head cover and preventing deterioration of control accuracy of the EGR valve by preventing vibration of the EGR valve.SOLUTION: An EGR device 11 for an engine 1 includes: upstream side EGR piping 12, an EGR cooler 13, an EGR housing passage part 26 and downstream side EGR piping 15 which are branched from an exhaust emission control device 9 to recirculate part of exhaust gas flowing in the exhaust emission control device 9 to an intake manifold 8 as EGR gas; and an EGR valve 14 for controlling a flow rate of EGR gas flowing in the EGR housing passage part 26. The EGR valve 14 is fastened to a first fastening part 27A provided in an intersection part 29 in which a front wall 25A and a left side wall 25C of an EGR housing part 25 intersect with each other and a second fastening part 27B provided on the front wall 25A.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2023151536-A (JP)
Title: Equipment instrument and equipment instrument system
Inventor: OZAWA YUTO
IPC: F21S8/02
Filed: 2022-03-31
Abstract: To provide an equipment instrument which enables reduction of costs, and to provide an equipment instrument system.SOLUTION: A first equipment instrument 1A includes a base 2 and a spring support member 21. The base 2 has: a first plate surface part 11 to which a lighting device 3 is attached; and a first opening 18 which is formed on the first plate surface part 11 to allow a function of the lighting device 3 to act on the front of the first plate surface part 11. The spring support member 21 is fixed to a rear surface 19 of the first plate surface part 11 and supports plate springs 44, 45 included in the lighting device 3.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4
Patent JP-2023153707-A (JP)
Title: Operation device
Inventor: KAMIKAWA AKIYUKI
IPC: G06F3/042
Filed: 2022-04-05
Abstract: To provide an operation device capable of suppressing manufacturing costs.SOLUTION: An operation device 1 is roughly composed of: an operation member 12 having an operation surface 120 that a user operates; a first light emitting element 2 for outputting first light 21 and a second light emitting element 3 for outputting second light 31 that are disposed such that an element center 20 and an element center 30 are positioned in one opposite angle of a virtually determined rectangle 7 for a distribution destination positioned in a side of a back 121 of the operation member 12; a first light receiving element 4 for receiving first reflection light 22 of the first light 21 reflected on a detection object and a second light receiving element 5 for receiving second reflection light 32 of the second light 31 that are disposed such that an element center 40 and an element center 50 are positioned in the other opposite angle of the rectangle 7; and a control part 6 for determining operation performed to an operation surface 120 according to a combination of on and off of the first light emitting element 2 and the second light emitting element 3 and reception and non-reception of the first light receiving element 4 and the second light receiving element 5.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2023154454-A (JP)
Title: Extensible body for blowout whistle and blowout whistle including extensible body
Inventor: SUNAGO KIYU
IPC: A63B23/18
Filed: 2022-04-07
Abstract: To provide an extensible body for use in a blowout whistle, the blowout whistle being unlikely to break even when the length in the longitudinal direction is increased.SOLUTION: An extensible body for use in a blowout whistle, extending when a user blows air and spirally rolled up again when the user does not blows air, the extensible body comprises a base material, and a linear body 12 for applying rolling force to the base material. The base material includes an opening through which a user blows air, and parts other than the opening are closed and configured to be deformable into a substantially cylindrical shape when air is blown through the opening. When an inner surface side and an outer surface side in a state where the base material is spirally rolled are respectively defined as a first surface 11a and a second surface 11b and an extension direction of the base material is defined as a longitudinal direction, the linear body is disposed on both sides of the first surface and the second surface in the longitudinal direction.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3
Patent JP-2023156710-A (JP)
Title: Remote operation system, and remote operation method and program
Inventor: IWANAGA YUKA
IPC: B25J13/00
Filed: 2022-04-13
Abstract: To provide a remote operation system, and a remote operation method and program, capable of enabling a robot to operate on the basis of situations that are unexpected or unrecognized by the system.SOLUTION: A remote operation system 1 is equipped with an operation terminal 30. The operation terminal 30 generates a display image at least on the basis of instruction proposal information and a position of a robot 10, in response to receiving the instruction proposal information proposing an instruction of operation of the robot 10 from a monitoring terminal 20 located in a predetermined range based on the robot 10, displays the display image, and transmits instruction information to the robot 10 in response to receiving input of the instruction information for instructing the robot 10 about the operation from an operator.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2023157164-A (JP)
Title: Polyimide with isocyanuric acid backbone
Inventor: HASEGAWA MAKOTO
IPC: C08G73/10
Filed: 2022-04-14
Abstract: To provide a polyimide material that is soluble in organic solvents and has a low dielectric constant without the use of expensive fluorine atom-containing monomers.SOLUTION: A polyimide is formed by polymerization of: acid dianhydrides including at least 4,4'-(4,4'-isopropylidenediphenoxy)diphthalic anhydride and 1,2,3,4-cyclobutane tetracarboxylic dianhydride; and diamines including at least the compound shown in the general formula (1).SELECTED DRAWING: None
Patent JP-2022164629-A (JP)
Title: Level indicator for subpicture entity group
Inventor: WANG YE-KUI
IPC: H04N19/70
Filed: 2022-04-15
Abstract: To provide a mechanism for processing video data.SOLUTION: A level indicator for a set of subpictures is determined. The set of subpictures is included in one or more subpicture tracks. The subpicture tracks are included in a subpicture entity group. When the level indicator is included in a sample group, an indication is signaled in an entity to a group box to indicate the track that contains the sample group. A conversion is performed between visual media data and a media data file based on the level indicator.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3
Patent JP-2023157806-A (JP)
Title: frame separation device
Inventor: MIYAWAKI KENICHI
IPC: H02S30/10
Filed: 2022-04-16
Abstract: To provide a frame separation device capable of easily separating an outer frame from a solar cell module with a simple configuration regardless of the size of the solar cell module.SOLUTION: A frame separation device 100 includes a panel holding mechanism 10 that presses and holds a solar cell panel 2 of a solar cell module 1 inserted in the horizontal direction from the upper and lower surfaces, and a main body part 20 that fixes the panel holding mechanism 10 from the outside of an outer frame 3 of the solar cell panel 2 of the inserted solar cell module 1. Furthermore, the panel holding mechanism 10 includes a pressing cylinder 30 that presses the first side of the outer frame 3 of the solar cell panel 2 from the inside to the outside. The pressing cylinder 30 is located on the axis AY of the pressing direction of the panel holding mechanism 10 against the solar cell panel 2.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4
Patent JP-2022106804-A (JP)
Title: Method and system for dynamic policy-based traffic control over multiple access network
IPC: H04L45/036
Filed: 2022-04-20
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and a system for separate forward link and return link policy for conducting network communications. 
     SOLUTION: In a communication system 100, separate forward link and return link policy define a method of routing data between a client-side enforcement unit and a provider-side enforcement unit through a plurality of connection networks. An individual policy is based on metrics collected by client-side and provider-side enforcement units that may be located at respective ends of one or more connection networks. 
     SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1 
     COPYRIGHT: (C)2022,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2023163229-A (JP)
Title: 遊技機
IPC: A63F7/02
Filed: 2022-04-28
Abstract: 【課題】遊技の興趣を向上させることができる遊技機を提供する。【解決手段】演出制御手段は、変動表示に伴い表示手段において複数列の図柄を変動させてから停止させる変動演出を実行可能であり、操作手段が第１位置から第２位置まで移動させられた場合に操作手段を振動させる振動演出を実行可能であり、表示手段において操作手段の操作を示唆する操作表示を実行可能であり、操作表示には、第１操作表示と、第１操作表示とは異なる表示態様により操作手段の操作を示唆する第２操作表示を実行可能であり、第１操作表示が実行される場合よりも、第２操作表示が実行される場合の方が、特別遊技が実行される期待度が高く、所定条件が成立する場合における第２操作表示の開始から振動演出の開始までの時間を、所定条件が成立しない場合における第２操作表示の開始から振動演出の開始までの時間とは異ならせることが可能である遊技機。【選択図】図４４７
Patent JP-2023166265-A (JP)
Title: 画像処理装置、画像処理方法、及びプログラム
IPC: H04N1/60
Filed: 2022-05-09
Abstract: 【課題】カラーデータをモノクロで印刷する際、処理効率と描画不正の防止とを両立させること。 
【解決手段】 
  弁別性再現色変換処理を行う際に、ＰＤＬ解釈部が、弁別性再現色変換処理の対象オブジェクトのオペレータ情報に元の色を変化させる色変更を伴う処理の指定があるか否かを判定する。対象オブジェクトにＲＯＰやαブレンドなどの元の色を変化させる処理の指定がある場合には該当ページの弁別性再現色変換処理をキャンセルし、全色一律色変換処理に切り替える。これにより、効率的な弁別性再現色変換と描画不正の防止とを両立することが可能となる。 
【選択図】図６
Patent JP-2023166827-A (JP)
Title: レンズ部、積層体、表示体、表示体の製造方法および表示方法
IPC: G02B5/30
Filed: 2022-05-10
Abstract: 【課題】ＶＲゴーグルの軽量化、高精細化を実現し得るレンズ部を提供すること。【解決手段】本発明の実施形態によるレンズ部は、ユーザに対して画像を表示する表示システムに用いられるレンズ部であって、画像を表す表示素子の表示面から前方に向けて出射され、偏光部材および第１のλ／４部材を通過した光を反射し、反射型偏光部材および前記反射型偏光部材の前方に配置される吸収型偏光部材を含む反射部と、前記表示素子と前記反射部との間の光路上に配置される第一レンズ部と、前記表示素子と前記第一レンズ部との間に配置され、前記表示素子から出射された光を透過させ、前記反射部で反射された光を前記反射部に向けて反射させるハーフミラーと、前記ハーフミラーと前記反射部との間の光路上に配置される第２のλ／４部材と、を備え、前記吸収型偏光部材を構成する吸収型偏光膜の厚みは８μｍ以下である。【選択図】図１
Patent JP-2023167062-A (JP)
Title: プリント配線板およびその製造方法
IPC: H05K3/16
Filed: 2022-05-11
Abstract: 【課題】ソルダーレジスト層の開口内に導体ポストを有するプリント配線板において、ソルダーレジスト層と導体ポストとの間の密着性を改善する。【解決手段】基部絶縁層１と、基部絶縁層上に形成された導体層２と、基部絶縁層上および導体層上に形成され、かつ、導体層の一部を導体パッド４として露出させる開口５を有するソルダーレジスト層３と、ソルダーレジスト層の開口内に、シード層７を介して形成された導体ポスト６と、を有するプリント配線板であって、シード層が、ソルダーレジスト層および導体パッドと接するＴｉスパッタ膜からなる第１層１１と、第１層上のＣｕスパッタ膜からなる第２層１２と、から形成する。【選択図】図１
Patent JP-2023167135-A (JP)
Title: 排液補助具及び施工面の保護工法
IPC: E02D17/20
Filed: 2022-05-11
Abstract: 【課題】吹付層に水膨れが生じるのを防止するための排液補助具、及び吹付層に水膨れが生じるおそれのない施工面の保護工法を提供する。【解決手段】排液補助具１は、台座部１０、排管部３０、接続部２０を有する。接続部２０は排管部３０と連通する空隙部２１を有し、台座部１０は空隙部２１と連通する通し穴１１を有する。施工面Ｔから染み出した水分は通し穴１１及び空隙部２１を通して排管部３０に導かれ、台座部１０に塗布された接着剤Ｓは通し穴１１を通して空隙部２１に至る構成とされている。また、施工面の保護工法においては、上記排液補助具１を用意し、台座部１０に接着材Ｓを塗布して施工面Ｔに取り付け、排液補助具１の上から吹付材を吹き付けて吹付層Ｊを形成し、その後、吹付層Ｊから突出する排管部３０を切断する。【選択図】図１
Patent JP-2022122884-A (JP)
Title: Massage system with massage machine
IPC: A61H7/00
Filed: 2022-05-16
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a massage system with massage machines, capable of managing and controlling operation of massage parts of the plurality of massage machines by management devices fewer than the massage machines. 
     SOLUTION: A massage system 100 comprises a plurality of massage machines 1 including massage parts 8 for massaging users, and management devices 110 separated from the plurality of massage machines and controlling the operation of the plurality of massage machines. The management devices have communication function communicating with the plurality of massage machines, and the management devices include mode changeover means for changing over between a usable mode capable of moving at least massage parts of the massage machines, and an unusable mode of forbidding the operation of the at least massage parts of the massage machines. 
     SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1 
     COPYRIGHT: (C)2022,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2022116132-A (JP)
Title: Fruit-like flavor composition
Inventor: NISHIZAWA YOICHIRO
IPC: A23L27/00
Filed: 2022-05-23
Abstract: To solve the problem in which conventionally proposed fruit-like flavor compositions are not entirely satisfactory in terms of the masking of raw materials used in foods, the improvement of flavors of the raw materials, and palatability such as cool and refreshing feels, and to provide a novel fruit-like flavor composition that keeps high palatability for a long time, effectively improves flavors of the raw materials of foods and masks foreign odors, is stable even in acidic and basic regions, and does not impair the actions or functions of the raw materials of foods.SOLUTION: A fruit-like flavor composition contains at least one natural or synthetic flavor selected from the group of specific natural flavors, esters, alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, ketones, ketals, phenol, ether, lactones, hydrocarbons, nitrogen-containing and/or sulfur-containing compounds, and acids.SELECTED DRAWING: None
Patent JP-2023173711-A (JP)
Title: 楽曲管理装置、楽曲管理方法、およびプログラム
IPC: G06Q50/10
Filed: 2022-05-26
Abstract: 【課題】従来、クリエータが作成した楽曲を収集し、適切に利用するプラットフォームが存在しなかった。【解決手段】楽曲識別子に対応付けて、楽曲と１以上の楽曲属性値とを有する２以上の楽曲情報が格納される楽曲情報格納部１１４と、楽曲を受信する楽曲受信部１２２と、当該楽曲を、楽曲識別子に対応付けて、楽曲情報格納部１１４に蓄積する楽曲蓄積部１３２と、楽曲情報格納部１１４に格納されている２以上の楽曲のオーディションの結果情報を取得する結果取得部１３３と、２以上の楽曲のうちのいずれか１以上の楽曲を利用するための利用処理を行う楽曲利用処理部１３４とを具備し、楽曲利用処理部１３４が行う処理について、採択されなかった楽曲に対する処理と、採択された楽曲に対する処理とが異なる、楽曲管理装置１により、クリエータが作成した楽曲を収集し、適切に利用するプラットフォームを提供できる。【選択図】図３