Patent GB-795135-A (GB)
Title: Insolubilization of polymeric n-vinyl lactams
IPC: C08J3/24
Filed: 1955-10-31
Abstract: Fabrics and fibres are rendered anti-static by treatment with the water-insoluble reaction product of a polymeric N-vinyl lactam and a polymeric compound containing free carboxyl groups.  The lactam may be a polymer of 1-vinyl - 2 - pyrrolidine, 1 - vinyl - 5 - methyl - 2-pyrrolidine, 1 - vinyl - 2 - piperidone, or N-vinyl epsilon caprolactam.  The polymeric compound may be cellulose glycollic acid, alkyds containing free carboxyl groups, polyvinyl alcohol esterified with maleic or fumaric acid, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyalpha-chloroacrylic acid, copolymers of these acids, and maleic acid copolymers.ALSO:A water-insoluble reaction product of a polymeric N-vinyl lactam and a polymeric compound containing free carboxyl groups is made by mixing aqueous solutions of the two polymers at a pH less than 5, or by mixing organic solvent solutions of the two polymers.  The lactam may be a polymer of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidine, 1 - vinyl - 5 - methyl - 2 - pyrrolidone, 1-vinyl - 2 - piperidone, or N - vinyl - epsiloncaprolactam.  The polymeric compound containing free carboxyl groups may be cellulose glycollic acid, alkyds obtained by reacting an acid such as citric, tricarballylic or tartaric acid with ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, diethylene glycol or dipropylene glycol, alginic acid, pectic acid, polyvinyl acetate in which some of the acetate groups have been replaced by maleic or fumaric acid, polyvinyl alcohol esterified with maleic or fumaric acid, the reaction product of the sodium salt of polyvinyl alcohol and chloroacetic acid, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, poly-alpha-ethacrylic acid, polyalpha-chloroacrylic acid, copolymers of methacrylic acid with methyl methacrylate, methacrolein, vinyl acetate or styrene, a copolymer of a vinyl ether and maleic acid or half-ester, a copolymer of maleic acid with ethylene, propylene, diisobutylene, isobutylene, methylenecyclohexane, dipentene, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, styrene, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, acrylic acid or methacrylic acid.  In the above copolymers, maleic acid may be replaced by fumaric, mono- or di-chloro-substituted maleic or fumaric acid, itaconic, citraconic, mesaconic, mono- or diphenylmaleic, benzylmaleic, dibenzylmaleic or ethylmaleic acid. The reaction product may be used as a soil conditioner and may be formed in situ, or it may be used as an anti-static agent in the treatment of fibrous material, e.g. by incorporation in a spinning solution or by incorporating one polymeric component into a spinning solution followed by subsequent treatment with the other polymeric component prior to spinning, or it may be used as a permanent sizing agent, or dye assistant or fireproofing agent, or as a coating or impregnant for paper or leather, e.g. by application of an aqueous solution or dispersion or organic solvent solution of the reaction product, or as an adhesive, or it may be made into fibres by extrusion from a dilute alkaline solution into a mineral acid bath, or it may be used as an agent to reduce the swelling in water of synthetic fibres, e.g. by dissolving the polymeric components of the reaction product in alkaline spinning solutions of viscose or cuprammonium and completing the reaction by spinning into an acid bath or by incorporating the polymeric N-vinyl lactam into a spinning solution and the polymeric carboxylic acid into the spinning bath. Exemplified polymeric acids are a copolymer of maleic acid and vinyl methyl ether, the half methyl and ethyl ester thereof and polyacrylic acid.ALSO:Soils are conditioned by incorporating therein a water-insoluble reaction product of a polymeric N-vinyl lactam and a polymeric compound containing free carboxyl groups (see Group IV(a)).  The product may be formed in situ.