Patent GB-1004818-A (GB)
Title: Hydrodynamic drive devices for automatic transmissions for motor vehicles
IPC: F16H45/02
Filed: 1964-01-15
Abstract: 1,004,818. Change speed control; clutch combinations. FORD MOTOR CO. Ltd. Jan. 15, 1964 [Feb. 18, 1963], No. 1729/64. Headings F2C and F2D. In a motor vehicle automatic change speed gear, wherein an hydrodynamic torque converter comprises an impeller 30 connected to an engine-driven driving shell 14, a turbine 38 connected to the input shaft 70 of a change speed epicyclic gear, and a reactor 40 reacting on a one-way roller ratchet detent 52, and a converter by-pass lock-up clutch member 62 rotatably connected to the turbine is axially movable into frictional clutch engagement at 66 with the driving shell 14, lock-up clutch disengagement, for torque conversion, is by feeding the torque converter through a line 100, a space 110 between the driving shell 14 and the clutch member 62, and the turbine/ impeller gap, the space 110 being thereby pressurized to rightwardly position the clutch member 62, and the converter discharging through a line 126 to a cooler, and lock-up clutch engagement is by feeding the torque converter through the line 126, and the impeller/reactor gap, the line 100 being exhausted to create a drop in pressure in at least part of the space 110 to allow the converter pressure to leftwardly move the clutch member 62, the pressure in the space 110 dropping to substantially zero when the friction clutch 66 engages and blocks flow. As shown, the friction clutch 66 comprises friction discs carried by the clutch member 62 and the driving shell 14. The turbine 38 is fast with the clutch member 62 which is axially slidable on an adaptor 74 splined on the shaft 70. A member 86 is splined to the adaptor 74 and loosely splined to the clutch member 62 and carries a lip seal 92 allowing flow into the space 110 from an auxiliary pressure chamber 94 between the member 86 and the hub 82 of the clutch member 62, but preventing flow in the opposite direction. A passage 96 in the shaft 70 communicates with the line 100 through a transverse bore 98 and with a chamber 94 through a transverse bore 102 and a port 104 in the adaptor 74. The passage 96 is partly closed at the end of the shaft 70 by a plug 106 having a flow restricting aperture. When the torque converter is fed through the line 100, liquid flows into the space 110 through the bore 102, the port 104 and past the seal 92, and also through the aperture of the plug 106, and from thence between the friction discs at 66 and into the converter torus. When the flow is reversed by feeding through the line 126, the lip seal 92 prevents flow from the space 110 into the chamber 94, the pressure is lowered as a result of a slight pressure drop across the apertured plug 106, and the then reduced rightward force on the clutch member 62 allows the engagement of the friction clutch 66 which blocks flow through the passage 110 and increases clutch apply force. In Fig. 5 (not shown), the auxiliary pressure chamber 94 and the apertured plug 106 are dispensed with and the pressure drop occurs across the restriction presented by the adjacent friction clutch surfaces. An axially movable clutch member is rotatably connected to an axially fixed turbine by central splines and by cantilever spring fingers welded to the turbine and engaging peripheral recesses on the clutch member. The spring fingers yield during engagement to prevent harsh application of the lock-up clutch. An 0-ring may be disposed in the movable clutch member to provide a better seal between the friction surfaces. Gear arrangement.-Intermeshing short and long planets 164, 160 on a carrier 168 respectively mesh a sun 132 and both an output ring 162 on a driven shaft 166 and a sun 156. In all three forward speeds the sun 132 is clutched to the input shaft 70 by a front friction clutch 134. In Low, the carrier 168 is held by a rear band brake 172, alternately the brake 172 need not be applied, the carrier reacting on a one-way detent 174. In Intermediate, the sun 158 is held by a front band brake 154 and the rear brake 172, if engaged, is released, the one-way detent 174 releasing. In solid Direct, the brake 152 is released and the sun 158 is also clutched to the shaft 70 by a rear friction clutch 148. Fluid system components include a main regulator valve 182 fed by an engine driven pump 176 and supplying a clutch and brake pressure sensitive to engine load and vehicle speed; a manual selector valve 186 selecting two Forward ranges, Reverse and Neutral; a Throttle valve 20 responsive to engine inlet manifold vacuum; a Boost T.V. valve modulating control pressure in accordance with a signal from the throttle valve 20; a T.V. modulator valve 228 modifying Boost T.V. pressure; a Governor valve 196 connected to the driven shaft 166; 1-2 and 2-3 shift valves 194, 192 responsive to Governor and modulated Boost T.V. pressures; a Kickdown shift valve 240 actuated mechanically by the accelerator pedal 239 and connected to the shift valves 194, 192 ; a compensator valve 214 responsive to Governor and Throttle valve T.V. pressure and providing a compensator pressure acting on the main regulator valve 182; and a converter regulator valve and Lock-up clutch control Signal and Phase valves 250, 270, 308 described below. Converter and Lock-up clutch control.-The converter regulator valve 250 comprises a threeland spool 252 leftwardly biased by a spring 260 and rightwardly loaded at 222 by compensator pressure which, for a given vehicle speed, respectively reduces and increases with increase and reduction in engine load to increase and reduce pressure in a line 266, increase and reduction in vehicle speed, for a given engine load, respectively reducing and increasing pressure in the line 266. A line 268 uncovered before a by-pass line 264 is also fed by a line 266 pressure. The Signal valve 270, the shift point of which is adjustable, comprises a five-land spool 272 rightwardly biased by a spring 294 and acted on by Governor pressure at 304, Boost T.V. pressure at 212 reduced by means including a valve spool 298 acted on by a spring 300 reacting on the spool 272, and pressure in a line 244 from the kickdown valve 240. The signal valve 270 is also connected to the line 266 by branches 284, 286, 288, a cooler by a line 290, the lines 100, 126, and a feedback line 292 to a differential area space in the converter regulating valve 250. The Phase valve 308 acting to disconnect Governor pressure between a line 322 and the line 304 is acted on by front brake 154 applying pressure at 232 and rear clutch 148 applying and front brake 154 releasing pressure at 238. In operation, with the signal valve 270 in the position shown, line 266 pressure is connected through the branch 288 to the line 100 for torque conversion and the lock-up clutch disengagement, the lines 126, 292 being respectively connected to the cooler and exhaust. When the Governor pressure increases for a given Boost T.V. pressure value the spool 272 is leftwardly shifted to connect the line 100 to exhaust and to connect line 266 pressure, through the branch 284, with the line 126 to engage the lock-up clutch, and, through the branch 286, with the feedback line 292 to increase lock-up clutch pressure in the lines 266, 126. The Phase valve 308 acts to withhold Signal valve-shifting Governor pressure 304 until the Intermediate speed front brake 154 is released and the Direct drive rear clutch 148 is engaged. The Governor and Boost T.V. pressures on the Signal valve can be overridden by the Kickdown shift valve 240 actuation of which rightwardly shifts the valve spool 272. In Fig. 4 (not shown), return flow from the pipe 126 is directed to the cooler through a switch valve, and through the converter regulator valve so as to be blocked during the initial pressure build-up of the system. The switch valve acts to reverse the flow direction to the converter and lock-up clutch and is controlled by a Signal valve, similar to that, 270, which is responsive to Governor, Boost T.V. and Kickdown shift pressures and which directs a control pressure to the switch valve. A Phase valve, similar to that at 308, acts to withhold control pressure from the Signal valve. Specification 912,399 is referred to.