baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-116304-A (GB)
Title: Process and Apparatus for the "Cracking" of Hydrocarbon Oils and the like.
Inventor: NELSON JOHN
IPC: C10G9/40
Filed: 1917-03-13
Abstract: 116,304. Nelson, J. March 13, 1917. Hydrocarbons, cracking.-Hydrocarbon oils and the like are cracked by passing the hydrocarbon or its vapours through an agitated liquid contact material such as molten lead, the agitation of the liquid being effected preferably by the passage of the hydrocarbon vapours and gases through it. If the hydrocarbon to be cracked contains tarry or other non-volatile matters it may be distilled from an auxiliary vessel and the distillate or vapours subjected to the cracking process. The whole or part of the product may be subjected to one or more re-treatments. The apparatus may consist of one or more vertical cylinders set in a furnace and each containing a quantity of molten lead in which is immersed the lower end of a vertically adjustable oil-inlet pipe, the products passing out through a lateral pipe. Another form of apparatus comprises a covered tank F, Fig. 2, divided by partitions G into compartments communicating through ports G<1> and each fitted with a baffle H dipping into molten metal E; or cylinders A, Fig. 5, provided with pipes B, B<1> as shown, or with vertical partitions with their lower edges submerged, may be mounted in a tank C preferably of V-shaped cross-section. The air above the metal in the tank C may be displaced by reducing or inert gas or vapour; or the molten metal may completely fill the tank, the cover being then provided with a small expansion chamber.
Patent GB-507315-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to shields for motor cyclists
IPC: B62J17/00
Filed: 1939-02-03
Abstract: 507,315. Weather shields for motorcycles. HENDY, C. P. Feb. 3, 1939, No. 3713. [Class 136 (i)] A shield attachment for a motor-cycle protects at least the lower part of the trunk and the tap of the rider, and is shaped to lie close to these parts of the rider's body, whilst fitting closely over his thighs and the top of the tank of the motor-cycle. In the form shown, the shiefd comprises a main framework consisting of a tube bent to form two uprights 1, rearward and outwardly curved portions 2, upturned portions 3, and a forwardly curved cross-piece 4. The lower ends of the uprights 1 fit in spring clips 6, which are pivotally mounted on the shanks of a yoke 7 by means of shouldered bolts 8 engaging holes 9, of which there are several for adjustment. The front portion of the yoke 7 rests upon the tank 10, while the ends of its shanks are pivotally and adjustably connected by bolts 11 and holes 16 to links 12, the lower ends of which are mounted on the ends of a transverse bolt 13 connecting parts 14, 15 of the motor-cycle frame in the usual way. A cover 18 of waterproof material is attached to the framework by tapes &c., and is supported by the cross-piece 4 and by a series of light metal bars 19 and a central bracing- member 20. Adjustably secured to the uprights 1 by clips 21 are downwardly and outwardly inclined arms 22, to which is connected an elastic cord or spring 23, which is disposed within a deep hem of the cover 18 and is engaged with hooks 25 on the yoke 7, so as to be stretched over the tank 10 and hold the cover against the tank and the rider's body. Further elastic cords 26 disposed in side hems hold the cover firmly against the rider's thighs. The method of attachment permits limited movements of the shield during riding, and the shield can be swung back about the 'bolts 8 to cover the saddle 5 when the rider has dismounted. The shield may be provided with detachable upward extensions to cover the rider's whole body, the top consisting of a semicircular transparent wind-screen for the rider's face.
Patent GB-341733-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of paper
IPC: D21H17/67
Filed: 1930-02-04
Abstract: 341,733. Printing paper. MEAD PULP & PAPER CO., City National Bank Building, Dayton, Ohio, U.S.A.- (Assignees of O'Connor, J. J. and Morris, D. F. ; Chilliclothe, Ohio, U.S.A.) Feb. 4, 1930, No. 3714. Convention date, Feb. 4, 1929. [Class 96.] Paper, particularly book paper &c., is formed from a fibrous furnish mixed with a lime sludge body filler ; the lime sludge being obtained in the recovery of pulp cooking liquor. Caustic soda from a tank 10 passes to a digester 11 which contains the raw fibrous material to be cooked and which discharges into a tank 12 from which the liquor is drained to a vat 13 and in which the pulp is washed, the liquor being concentrated in evaporators 15 and passed through a rotary burner 16, a lixiviating tank 17 and a filter 28 which removes the carbon particles. The filtered solution passes to a tank 19 where it is mixed with lime from a chest 2.5, the lime having been mixed with water and screened in a course filter 26, additional soda ash being added irom a chest 27. The resulting suspension of lime sludge passes to a settling or filtering tank 30 generally of the type having an inclined trough and a chain conveyer removing grit &c. The slud ge then passes through washing tanks 20, 21, 22 to a rotary vacuum or Oliver filter 32 wherein it is washed and concentrated, and to a colloidal, pebble or rod mill wherein the sludge is ground &c. and wherein may be added gum arabic, alum and dolemiiic lime, starch, &c. and wherein the free calcium hydroxide may be neutralized. The lime sludge may be added to the fibrous furnish in the beater or subsequently thereto, but prior to the forming machine. In an example the furnish comprises 20 to 25 per cent of sulphite pulp, 20 per cent of old paper stock and broke and 55 to 60 per cent of soda pulp ; to about 2200 lbs. of this on an air dry basis, is added 300 to 600 lbs. of lime sludge. Colouring materials with a mordant such as aluminium sulphate may be added and if the mordant reacts with the filler, the alum or filler is added just prior to the formation of the sheet, and the filler is preferably added as a dilute suspension thereby avoiding gas bubbles showing in the paper sheet.
Patent GB-1495709-A (GB)
Title: Method and apparatus for growing plant cells
IPC: C12N5/04
Filed: 1974-01-28
Abstract: 1495709 Floating cultivation of algae and bacteria BRITISH PETROLEUM CO Ltd 16 Jan 1975 [28 Jan 1974] 3806/74 Heading C6F [Also in Division B7]  Chloroplast-containing plant cells, including unicellular algae, and photosynthetic bacteria are separately grown during passage in liquid nutrient suspension through a series of compartmented tubes 21 held in a rigid framework 23 forming a raft which is rendered buoyant by ballast tubes 24. According to the preferred features, the tubes are made of transparent low density polyethylene (though the undersides may be opaque), are compartmented throughout by a partition 22 and are joined together in a zig-zag fashion to provide for continuous flow through the whole series of upper and lower compartments, respectively. Radiationabsorbing substances, capable of absorbing radiation in the near ultraviolet and fluorescing at about 430 nm may be incorporated in the material from which the tubes are made. The plant cells are grown in the upper compartments with full exposure to the light, the photosynthetic bacteria being propagated underneath in the lower compartments. A heat pump may be used to circulate the suspension of plant cells. Air enriched in carbon dioxide is bubbled through the liquid suspension in the respective upper and lower compartments in co-current or countercurrent flow to that of liquid suspension. The temperature of cultivation may be monitored through a temperature sensing device by varying the relative amounts of gas and liquid in the compartments or ballast tubes, whereby to regulate the depth of immersion in the water. The device may also regulate the requisite amount of carbon dioxide supplied for the photosynthesis. The tubes when full of liquid typically have a depth of 10-80 cm.
Patent GB-754540-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to motorised switch mechanisms for flashing lights on aircraft
Inventor: MARTIN-HURST WILLIAM FREDERICK
IPC: G08B5/38
Filed: 1954-02-09
Abstract: 754,540. Visual navigational aids for aircraft. TEDDINGTON AIRCRAFT CONTROLS, Ltd., [formerly TEDDINGTON CONTROLS, Ltd.]. Feb. 9, 1955 [Feb. 9, 1954], No. 3827/54. Class 118(2) [Also in Group XXXVII] A motorized switching system for flashing aircraft navigation and fuselage lights ensures that at least some of the lights remain permanently on if the flashing mechanism fails. An electric motor M<SP>1</SP>, M<SP>2</SP> governed to run at a constant speed by means of a governor controlled switch 3, as in Specification 642,878, operates a change-over switch 7 by means of an eccentric 6 (see Group XXXVII) to alternately flash lamps 8 and 9, and the motor shaft is also provided with a centrifugally operated snap-action switch 10 (see Group- XXXVII) which normally connects the supply to the switch 7 when the motor is running correctly, but if the motor stops or falls below a predetermined speed switch 10 reverts to the position shown and connects the supply directly to lamps 8. Condensers and chokes are fitted for spark suppression. In a modified arrangement (Fig. 6, not shown) the centrifugally operated switch energizes a relay when the motor is correctly running and thereby closes switches in the circuits of lamps 8 and 9 to connect them respectively to the flashing switch 7. When switch 10 reverts the relay is released to disconnect the lamps from switch 7 but further relay contacts close a separate circuit to lamps 8 which may thus be fed from an independent supply.
Patent GB-1085813-A (GB)
Title: Screening or like vibrating machine
IPC: B07B1/42
Filed: 1965-01-28
Abstract: 1,085,813. Vibrating screens &c. SCHUCHTERMANN & KREMER-BAUM AKTEINGESELLSCHAFT FUR AUFBEREITUNG. Jan.28, 1965 [Oct. 8, 1964], No. 3885/65. Heading B2H. [Also in Divisions B8 and F2] A vibratory screening &c. machine comprises a screen frame mass 3 and a bed frame counter mass 1 which are provided with more than two longitudinal spars, the intermediate longitudinal spars of the two frames being connected together by storage springs 4. The longitudinal spars 11 of the bed and the longitudinal spars 10 of the screen inter-engage in comb-like fashion and are connected either by rubber discs tensioned by bolts 44 as shown at the side longitudinals or by hollow springs co-operating with inner and outer members 13, 14 as shown at the intermediate longitudinals; in the case of the hollow springs, gas at a controlled pressure may be supplied into the hollow space for varying the spring characteristics. Vibrators 5, 6 are secured at each end of a cross member 24 and rotate about their longitudinal axes which are disposed both at right angles to the axis of the cross-member and at an angle (α), Fig. 1 (not shown), to the screen; the direction of vibration of the screen may be varied by adjusting the angle (α). Alternatively, electromagnetically driven vibrators may be employed. Instead of employing rotating or electromagnetic vibrators, the screen may be vibrated by an eccentric (7) at one end of the machine and the direction of vibration of the screen determined by guide rods (20) which are adjustable along arcs (22).
Patent GB-744888-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to a process for preparing acrylic anhydride
IPC: C07C51/56
Filed: 1952-03-18
Abstract: Acrylic anhydride is obtained by reacting together at 25 DEG  to 75 DEG  C. in an inert organic solvent acetylene, nickel carbonyl, and acrylic acid and, while these substances are reacting together, introducing into the reaction mixture carbon monoxide and acetylene and reacting these at between 25 DEG  and 75 DEG  C. with the acrylic acid already present in the reaction mixture, the carbon monoxide supplying not over 67 per cent of the total CO available from both carbon monoxide and nickel carbonyl and the acetylene being introduced in an amount such as to provide from 0.9 to 1.1 moles of acetylene per mol. of total CO.  Acrylic acid may also be added to the reacting mixture along with the carbon monoxide and acetylene, and if nickel carbonyl is also added the reaction becomes continuous. The solvent used is preferably one which is at least partially water-miscible, e.g. acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dioxane, methyl b -methoxypropionate, the dimethyl and diethyl ethers of ethylene glycol and polyglycols and the acetates of the monomethyl and monoethyl ethers of these glycols.  The solvent is preferably used in an amount of one to five parts of solvent per part of acrylic acid by weight.  The process is generally carried out by mixing solvent and acrylic acid, sweeping out the reaction vessel with an inert gas such as nitrogen and then passing acetylene and nickel carbonyl (which may be in the form of a solution in a solvent) into the mixture.  The reaction pressure may be equal to, above, or below atmospheric. Approximately stoichiometric proportions of acetylene, nickel carbonyl, and acrylic acid, along with solvent are fed to the reaction mixture and when the stoichiometric reaction between acetylene, nickel carbonyl, and acrylic acid is established carbon monoxide is also run in and the flow of the other materials adjusted to maintain the stoichiometric reaction and the catalytic reaction of acetylene, carbon monoxide and acrylic acid. The amount of acrylic acid added is in general equivalent to the total available CO plus the amount of acid required to liberate CO from the nickel carbonyl. The reaction mixture may be worked up by two distillations, the first to separate volatile materials from the nickel acrylate formed and the second to separate the acrylic anhydride.  The nickel acrylate can be treated with a strong inorganic acid to yield a nickel salt of the acid, e.g. nickel chloride or sulphate, and the acrylic acid is recovered by distillation and may be returned to the process.  The nickel salt can be converted to nickel, carbonyl and re-used. Recovered solvent and recovered acrylic acid may also be returned to the process.  Two examples are given, the solvents being methyl ethyl ketone and dioxane respectively.
Patent GB-692928-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in rotary pumps
IPC: F04C2/356
Filed: 1950-02-16
Abstract: 692,928. Rotary pump. WALSH, W. Feb. 15, 1951 [Feb. 16, 1950], No. 3937/50. Class 110(ii) The pump comprises an oval or elliptical rotor 8 surrounded by a tyre 7 of rubber or plastic material, and provided with a roller abutment 6 pressed upon by a spring 3. A recess 1f, between suction and delivery ports 1a, 1b, is lined with rubber or plastic material. The diameter of the roller is at least twice the difference between the major and minor axes of the rotor. At the ends of the working chamber, renewable side plates are provided.
Patent GB-577757-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electric torches
IPC: F21W111/10
Filed: 1944-03-03
Abstract: 577,757. Electric battery lamps. WARNE, J. March 3, 1944, No. 3967. [Class 39 (ii)] A wire helix A of conico-cylindrical profile is screwed on or into the end E of a torch case C to enable it to house a longer battery D. The battery if of small diameter is preferably inverted so that its base engages the lamp terminal and the conical end of the helix centres it and engages the carbon electrode at B. Alternatively the helix may be wholly cylindrical and its open-coiled end may be provided with a hooked, cranked or transverse portion or it may be solid.
Patent GB-879033-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to indicator tubes
IPC: H01J17/49
Filed: 1958-02-07
Abstract: 879,033. Glow discharge tubes. BURROUGHS CORPORATION. Feb. 7, 1958 [June 11, 1957], No. 4098/58. Class 39(1). An indicator tube comprises a number of electrodes 22 (shaped for example as numerals), stacked in overlapping relation to a viewing window 20, and a barrier member 40 located along the major portion of the height of the cathode stack; the individual cathode leads 30, Fig. 5, pass outside the member 40 and are thus screened from the cathode glow region. It is stated that the cathode leads do not exhibit spurious glow, although they are not coated with insulation, even if, as is preferably the case, member 40 is connected to the anode. Deposition of sublimed material on to the leads or pins is also prevented. As shown in exploded view in Fig. 2 member 40 is a conductive cup resting on insulating disc 50 seated on lead ends 16<SP>11</SP> and has two slots 48 up which extend insulating posts 18 on which the electrodes 22 are threaded with intermediate oversize insulating spacers 26. The anode consists of two meshes one 32 being in front of the stack and the other 31 being intermediate and optional. Leads 30 extend alternately from opposite posts 18 and on opposite sides to individual pins 16<SP>11</SP>. The cup 40 may be iron coated with aluminium which is then oxidized to give a black matte finish. and may be electrically neutral; alternatively it may be of insulating material such as mica or ceramic. The solid construction may be replaced by mesh or by an arrangement of parallel rods, Figs. 6, 7 (not shown). The filling may be neon.
Patent GB-896342-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to brake parachute attachments to aircraft
Inventor: SHARPLES GEOFFREY FRANCIS
IPC: B64D17/80
Filed: 1959-02-05
Abstract: 896,342. Brake parachutes. ENGLISH ELECTRIC CO. Ltd. Jan. 29, 1960 [Feb. 5, 1959], No. 4169/59. Class 4. [Also in Group XXV] In a brake parachute attachment for aircraft, anchoring means for the parachute cable 71 are provided which are capable of traversing across the width of the tail end of the aircraft fuselage 20. The cable 71 is attached to a trolley 81, which is guided along a rail 72, forming an arc of a circle whose centre is the centre of gravity of the aircraft, by four rollers 83. The rail 72, of square profile, open at the back, is attached by hinges 79 to the rear end of a door 74, hinged to the bottom of the tail fairing by hinges 75 and raised or lowered by a jack, (not shown), and which forms the bottom of the compartment, in which the parachute 70 is stowed. The mechanism, shown in Fig. 5, is used to jettison the parachute 70 in whatever position the trolley 81 may be. When the rod 103 is pulled in the direction indicated, the rods 102 and linkage 101 act to push the member 100, which is a strip extending along the length of the rail 72 and capable of transverse movement, against the nose 87 of the toggle links 88. This will cause the jaws 82 to rotate about pivot pins 89 and release the pin 84 to which the cable is attached. Friction damper pins 91 are provided to absorb the energy of the jaws 82 when the cable 71 is released. The spring 104 and the links 88, which lock up over dead centre, prevent the parachute 70 being released solely by the pull of the cable 71. In an alternative arrangement, the anchoring means may be attached to the fuselage above the jet pipes 55.
Patent GB-195229-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in pressure gauges
IPC: G01L7/00
Filed: 1922-02-13
Abstract: 195,229. Stewart, C. J., Stainer, W. W., and Griffiths, E. A. Feb. 13, 1922. Elastic-diaphragm pressure gauges, indicating-means for.- Relates to differential gauges of the type having a chamber divided by a flexible partition or capsule into separate 'compartments to which the pressure fluids are led, and consists in the arrangement between the flexible partition and the indicating and recording means of a rocking transmitting member having its axis of rotation rigidly supported at both ends and extending through a resilient hermetically sealed tube which yields by torsion. The chamber 5 is divided into compartments 7, 8 by the capsule 6. The pipes 9, 10 conveying the pressures are arranged in concentric convolutions in the casing and are led out abreast of one another. The resilient tube 25 is hermitically sealed into the opening 20 at one end and at the other end is fast with a rod 26 passing outward through the tube 25 and provided with bearings 27, 28 at each end. Pinned or otherwise secured to the tube 25 is a tubular boss 29 of a lever system 14 one arm of which engages a boss 16 on the resilient partition and the other arm of which transmits motion to the indicating needle or recording- pen.
Patent GB-1434483-A (GB)
Title: Voice switch with an adaptive threshold
IPC: H04J3/17
Filed: 1974-01-30
Abstract: 1434483 Voice detector COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE CORP 30 Jan 1974 [13 Feb 1973] 04224/74 Heading H4R In a voice switch, e.g. for use in a TASI system, in which speech samples are compared with a stored threshold level and an output signal provided each time the speech sample exceeds the threshold level, the stored threshold level is varied up or down as the number of times the threshold level is exceeded is respectively greater than a first predetermined number or less than a second predetermined number. As described maximum and minimum threshold level limits are set which the stored threshold level is prevented from passing, the minimum threshold level being adaptive and set just above the noise level in the channel. As shown the input speech samples, in binary form, are compared with a threshold T, stored in latch 68, in detector 14 and if the sample exceeds the threshold a "1", is fed to a 4-bit shift register 16. If, four consecutive samples produce "1"s "and" gate 18, is actuated to energize "one-shot" 20 to open gates 12, the "one-shot" 20 providing a 150 m.sec. hang over. Speech samples are applied to the gates 12 via delays 10 to allow the gates to be enabled before the speech sample reaches the gates. The output of detector 14 is also fed to a counter 42 which is reset to zero every 500 m.secs. Immediately prior to being reset the count in the counter is compared with upper and lower count limits in comparators 44 and 46 to provide, via logic 48, outputs indicating if the count is above, between, or below the count limits and, via decoder 50 and multiplexer 52, an adder 56, fed also with the threshold value from latch 68, is caused to add 1, add 0 or take 3, from the threshold value to provide a new threshold value at the adder output. The new threshold value is compared, in comparators 58 and 60, with maximum and minimum values, and if the new threshold is between the limits it is fed through multiplexer 66 to provide a fresh threshold in latch 68, while if the new threshold is above the maximum threshold or below the minimum threshold the multiplexer gates through respectively the maximum threshold value or the minimum threshold value, to the latch 68. The maximum threshold value is fixed but the minimum threshold is stored in latch 55 and is varied and set just above noise level in the channel by incrementing the value stored in latch 55 if the signal is such that the count in counter 42 is continuously between the upper and lower limits, over a period of 10 half-second periods, as indicated by shift register 32 and "and" gate 34, is decremented if a threshold equal to the minimum threshold - 1 is not continuously exceeded for the same period, as detected by detector 22, shift register 28 and "and" gate 30, or the latch value remains unchanged if neither of those events occur, as detected by gate 36. In use for monitoring speech levels on a time division multiplex system each of the latches 55, 68, and counters 42 and 24 are duplicated for each channel and the remaining equipment is used in time division multiplex.
Patent GB-368943-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in safety razors
IPC: B26B21/46
Filed: 1931-02-11
Abstract: 368,943. Razors; lamps. BRAUN, K., 1, K÷nig Albert Platz, Klotzsche, near Dresden, Germany. Feb. 11, 1931, No. 4284. [Class 30.] In a combined safety razor and electric torch, the blade and guard are clamped by a nut i to the top side of a rectangular frame c carried by a ring a. An electric torch k forms the handle and fits inside the ring a.