Patent GB-747851-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to electrical signalling
Inventor: ROBIN HAROLD KILNER
IPC: H04L27/10
Filed: 1950-12-06
Abstract: 747,851. Code telegraphy. NATIONAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION. Dec. 5,-1951 [Dec. 6, 1950], No. 29921/50. Class 40 (3). [Also in Group XL (c)] In an electrical signalling system in which the items of information are transmitted as bursts of oscillations modulating a carrier, the items of information are represented by the differences of the frequencies of successive pairs of bursts, and the different bursts commence at a succession of regularly recurring instants spaced apart by a predetermined time period. The received oscillations are applied through two networks to an output whose frequency at any instant is equal to the difference between the outputs of the two networks at that instant, one of the networks including means for changing the frequency of the oscillations applied thereto and one of the networks including a delay device, the arrangement being such that the output of the first of the networks is delayed relatively to that of the second by a time corresponding to the duration of the bursts, and the duration of the bursts being such that each burst appearing at the output of the first network coincides at least partly with the next succeeding received burst appearing at the output of the second network. The receiving arrangement may be used with a transmitter in which marks and spaces are sent as frequencies f1, f2 modulating a carrier by a keying unit 10 controlling a modulator 11 fed from an oscillator 12. In this particular system, indicated in Fig. 1, the received signals are changed to an intermediate frequency by a frequency changer 17 fed from an oscillator 18 and after amplification at 19 are passed to a network 20 including a delay line 22 having a period of 20 ms. and to a network 21 including a balanced modulator 23 to which a relatively low frequency is applied from an oscillator 24. The input to the modulator 25 comprises the intermediate frequency output of 19 delayed by 20 ms. and the output of 19 modulated by a relatively low frequency, e.g. 1 kc. In the case of equal marks and spaces in which the intermediate frequency is 1 Mc. with a modulation of 800 c.p.s. for marks, indicated at 26 in Fig. 2 (A), and the frequency of the oscillator 24 is 1 kc., the outputs from the delay line 22 and balanced modulator 23 are as indicated by 261, 26<SP>11</SP> of Figs. 2 (B), 2 (C) respectively, and the output from the modulator 25 will be 200 c.p.s. for spaces and 1800 c.p.s. for marks, so that filters 27, 28 tuned to these frequencies will operate multivibrator 31 and relay 33 to reproduce the corresponding marks and spaces. In the case of spaces and marks of unequal durations with the same intermediate and modulating frequencies, Fig. 3 (not shown), the output of the modulator 25 will comprise frequencies of 200, 1000 and 1800 c.p.s. but the filters tuned to the frequencies 200 and 1800 will be effective to operate the multivibrator 31 and relay 33 to reproduce the appropriate marks and spaces. In the transmitter, Fig. 4c, for a system generally similar to that described in Specification 746,741, delay devices D<SP>1</SP>2-D<SP>1</SP>5 with progressively increasing delay periods are included between the gates G2-G5 and the flip-flops F2 ... F5. Moreover, when a flipflop F1 ... F4 is triggered to the " off " condition, it passes to pulse to the next succeeding flip-flop to reverse its existing condition, the arrangement being such that with a number of flip-flops F1 ... F5 being selectively " on " and representing a binary number, the application of a code combination of pulses, representing a binary number, to the terminals T1 ... T5 results in flip-flop F1 ... F5 being rendered Selectively " on " according to addition in the binary code. For example, if solely F1 is " on "-representing " 1 " and the succeeding five-unit code corresponds to " 3 " in binary rotation, namely pulses at terminals T1, T2, the pulse at T1 switches F1 to "off," producing a pulse which switches F2 on. The pulse applied via terminal T2 switches F2 off and this applies a pulse to F3 which is switched on and this condition of the flip-flop, viz. F3 on, represents "4," in the binary code. The "on," " off" combinations of the flip-flop F1 ... F5 control through the matrix GM and generator G6 the selection of one of thirty-two different frequencies. The receiving arrangement for the system using the 5-unit code is substantially identical with that described in Specification 746,741, the only modification being the arrangement described in connection with Fig. 5a, in which the received signals are heterodyned and amplified at FC and IFA to produce a modulated intermediate frequency which is applied to a delay network DC having a period of 11.11 ms. corresponding to the transmission time of a burst and simultaneously to a modulator BM1 fed from an oscillator LO with a frequency of 5760 c/s. determined in relation to the range and allocation of frequencies representative of the thirty-two code combinations so that the output at the terminals T9, T10 of the balanced modulator BM2 is a frequency directly representative of the code combination of pulses applied to the terminals T1 ... T5 of the transmitter. The subsequent operations of deriving the five-unit code corresponding to the frequency, the distribution of the signals to the various channels and the synchronizing arrangements are as described in Specification 746,741.