Patent GB-912409-A (GB)
Title: Process of leveling dyeings on wool and wool-like fibers and leveling agents therefor
Inventor: HARTMARK BJARNE
IPC: D06P1/60
Filed: 1961-07-21
Abstract: Dyeings on wool and other nitrogenous fibres are levelled using as levelling agent a composition containing (a) a compound of the formula R-[-(CnH2nO)y-A-X+]m where R is the radical of an alcohol, alkyl phenol, carboxylic acid, amine, carboxylic acid amide or mercaptan which contains 6 to 30 carbon atoms or of a polypropylene glycol ether of m.w. 1000 to 4000, A- is an anionic group, X+ is a cation, n is either 2 for all the -(CnH2nO)- groups or is 2 for at least 60% of them and 3 for the remainder, y is between 30 and 100 and m is an integer, preferably 1 or 2; and (b) a compound of the formula <FORM:0912409/IV(a)/1> where R1 is an alkyl, aralkyl or resin radical of at least 10 carbon atoms, R11 is hydrogen, an alkyl radical of 1-9 carbon atoms, the same as R1 or a radical of the formula -(CnH2nO)q-H, n is as above and p or the sum of p+q is a number between 3 and 15, the ratio of (a) to (b) in the mixture being 9:1 to 1:9 by weight.  Among the specified radicals R are those of oleyl alcohol, branched tridecyl alcohol, dodecylphenol, dodecyl mercaptan, stearic acid, monostearoylethylene diamine, stearic acid ethanolamide and diethanolamide and decylamine.  A-is preferably the radical of an organic or inorganic polybasic acid such as sulphuric, phosphoric, phthalic, maleic, sulphoacetic or chlorosulphonic acid and X+ may be an alkali metal, unsubstituted ammonium or amine cation, especially an alkylol- or alkylamine with up to 4 carbon atoms in each alkyl group or a quaternary ammonium cation.  Among specified radicals R1 are those of oleylamine, coconut oil amine, commercial dodecylanilines and nonyl-naphthylamines and abietylamine. Preferred ratios of (a) to (b) are 8:2 to 6:4 by weight.  The mixture may also contain polyglycol ethers, inorganic salts, buffers and protecting substances.ALSO:Dyeings on wool and other nitrogenous fibres are levelled using as levelling agent a composition containing (a) a compound of the formula <FORM:0912409/IV (b)/1> where R is the radical of an alcohol, alkyl phenol, carboxylic acid, amine, carboxylic acid amide or mercaptan which contains 6 to 30 carbon atoms or of a polypropylene glycol ether of m.w. 1000 to 4000, A- is an anionic group, X+ is a cation, n is either 2 for all the -(CnH2nO)- groups or is 2 for at least 60% of them and 3 for the remainder, y is between 30 and 100 and m is an integer, preferably 1 or 2; and (b) a compound of the formula <FORM:0912409/IV (b)/2> where R1 is an alkyl, aralkyl or resin radical of at least 10 carbon atoms, R11 is hydrogen, an alkyl radical of 1-9 carbon atoms, the same as R1 or a radical of the formula -(CnH2nO)q-H, n is as above and p or the sum of p + q is a number between 3 and 15, the ratio of (a) to (b) in the mixture being 9:1 to 1:9 by weight.  Among the specified radicals R are those of oleyl alcohol, branched tridecyl alcohol, dodecylphenol, dodecyl mercaptan, stearic acid, monostearoylethylene diamine, stearic acid ethanolamide and decylamine.  A- is preferably the radical of an organic or inorganic polybasic acid such as sulphuric, phosphoric, phthalic, maleic, sulphoacetic or chlorosulphonic acid and X+ may be an alkali metal, unsubstituted ammonium or amine cation, especially an alkylol- or alkylamine with up to 4 carbon atoms in each alkyl group or a quaternary ammonium cation.  Among specified radicals R1 are those of oleylamine, coconut oil amine, commercial dodecylanilines and nonyl-naphthylamines and abietylamine.  Preferred ratios of (a) to (b) are 8:2 to 6:4 by weight.  The mixture may also contain polyglycol ethers, inorganic salts, buffers and protecting substances.  Levelling is effected in the dyebath (preferably at pH 4 to 6) or in a separate bath using preferably 0.5-2% of active levelling agent with reference to the goods to be dyed.  Suitable dyestuffs are acid, metal complex (with or without solubilizing groups or afterchroming) and especially milling dyes.  Shading, i.e. adding a small amount of dyestuff to an already exhausted dyebath, may be effected without previous cooling. Examples are given of the dyeing of wool and polyamide fibres and wool/polyamide fibre blends.