Patent GB-557420-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to knitted and woven fabrics
IPC: D04B1/06
Filed: 1942-05-15
Abstract: 557,420. Treating textiles with liquids &c. BREW, H. E. May 15, 1942, No. 6602. [Class 15 (ii)] A knitted or woven fabric is made from a singles yarn (i.e. a monofil or a unitary yarn structure composed of filaments or fibres of one kind), which at some parts of its surface is inert to an adhesion treatment carried out subsequently to knitting or weaving, this treatment being such that parts of the yarn are rendered adhesive and are united at their crossing points, whilst in general, adhesive parts are not united to non-adhesive parts. The yarn may itself be inert to the adhesion treatment, in which case it is coated with an adhesive-forming substance at intervals to provide the intermittent potentially-adhesive parts, or the yarn may itself be an adhesiveforming substance and in that case it is coated at intervals with a resist. A real silk or viscose rayon yarn may be coated at intervals with a film of cellulose-acetate or a synthetic resin which becomes adhesive when heated or when gelatinized by a solvent or softening liquid. Other yarns which may be coated at intervals with an adhesive-forming substance are those of nylon and the substance known as " Vinyon " (Registered Trade Mark). Cellulose-acetate yarn may be coated at intervals with a resist such as starch, dextrin, or gelatin. Rubber yarn or yarn coated with rubber may be used, and such a yarn is coated at intervals with a resist. An inert yarn may be coated at intervals with rubber. A yarn on which rubber is to be deposited may be treated with a cation-active substance at the parts to be made potentially adhesive, and afterwards it is passed through a solution of rubber latex so that rubber is deposited where the cation-active substance is present. If the yarn is to be coated from an emulsion of positively charged colloidal particles, it may be treated with an anionic-active substance. Instead of applying rubber to the yarn before it is made into the fabric, the rubber latex may be applied to the fabric. Deposits will then occur where the cationic-active substance is present and the rubber will bond the yarn at the crossings. Softeners or retarders may be incorporated in the rubber mix to produce or preserve a tacky condition of the rubber. A removable protective coating may be applied over the rubber deposit e.g., a coating of starch, dextrin, gelatin, glycerin, or a watersoluble oil. This coating is removed when it is desired to effect the adhesion treatment. To effect adhesion of the desired parts of the yarn in the fabric, the latter may be treated with a gelatinizing agent in the form of an emulsion, e.g. an aqueous emulsion of dimethyl phthalate with colloidal clay (bentonite), sulphonated oil or ammonium salt of a fatty acid as emulsifying agent. The treatment prevents slipping of threads in knitted and woven fabrics. In an example, a real silk yarn in degummed state is passed through a solution of natural or synthetic rubber in benzene or naphtha or is passed through rubber latex. Parts of the yarn are coated with a water-soluble resist. After the fabric has been formed, the rubber is rendered adhesive by the application of solvents, by chemical action, or by heat and pressure. The rubber may be compounded or treated with vulcanizing agents, e.g. sulphur, activating agents such as zinc oxide or carbonate, or accelerators such as salts of substituted dithiocarbamic or xanthic acids or guanidine derivatives. In the case of latex applications the silk or rayon or other filaments may be pretreated with a wetting agent, ammonia, a cationic soap such as cetyl pyridinium bromide, or a coagulating agent. In another example, fabric is knitted or woven from singles yarn of cellulose-acetate coated at intervals with a film of starch, dextrin, or gelatin. The fabric, under tension, is immersed in ethylene dichloride containing a little dimethyl phthalate. The fabric is removed from the bath and passed through squeeze rolls to ensure adhesion of the softened parts of the yarn at the crossings. The solvent is evaporated. The fabric may then be dyed, the water-soluble resist being removed during dyeing or washing. Specifications 538,865 and 552,190 are referred to.