Patent GB-557238-A (GB)
Title: Plastic compositions
IPC: C08K5/156
Filed: 1942-04-15
Abstract: 557,238. Cellulose derivative compositions. SHELL DEVELOPMENT CO. April 15, 1942, No. 4979. Convention date, March 31, 1941. [Class 2 (ii)] A cellulose derivative composition comprises a cyclic ketal obtainable by reacting an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic ketone containing at least eight carbon atoms with a trihydric alcohol, or a carboxylic ester or an ether of such a cyclic ketal. The cyclic ketal is used as a plasticizer for the cellulose derivative which may be cellulose acetate, nitrate, propionate, or butyrate or methyl, ethyl, or benzyl cellulose. The cyclic ketal may be derived from glycerol, α-methyl glycerol, α-isopropyl glycerol, α- methyl-γ-ethyl glycerol, #-cyclopentyl glycerol, α-cyclohexyl glycerol, 1.3.5-tri-hydroxy pentane, 1.2.6.-trihydroxy hexane, or 1.1.1.-trimethylol propane. It may be derived from methyl hexyl ketone, ethyl pentyl ketone, propyl butyl ketone, methyl isohexyl ketone, isopropyl secondary octyl ketone, ditert. Butyl ketone, carone, fenchone, or fenchosantenone. Complex ketones obtained by ketonization of higher fatty acids, by condensation of ketones or aldehydes and ketones to form higher unsaturated ketones which may then be saturated with hydrogen, and by saturation of appropriate higher phenols followed by dehydrogenation of the carbinol group to form higher cyclic aliphatic ketones, may be used. The cyclic ketals produced by condensation of trihydric alcohols with aliphatic ketones containing 8 or more carbon atoms possess a free hydroxy group which may be esterified with a carboxylic acid e.g. acetic propionic, butyric, crotonic, chloracetic, oleic, linoleic, palmitic, stearic, benzoic, or naphthenic acids, or may be etherified to form a methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, secondary butyl, amyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, dodecyl, phenyl, tolyl, or other ether. Those ketals derived from glycerol are substituted 1.3-dioxolanes. The plasticizer may be incorporated in the cellulose derivative with the aid of a mutual solvent. The compositions may be used for moulding, for making filaments or films, for making lacquers, varnishes, or enamels, for impregnating textiles, wood, or paper, and for insulating electrical apparatus including cables and wire. The compositions may contain solvents such as alcohols, esters, ketones, or hydrocarbons, and other ingredients such as dyes, fillers, pigments, and resins. In examples, cellulose nitrate, acetate, and acetobutyrate, and ethyl cellulose compositions contain as plasticizer a cyclic ketal from glycerol and an aliphatic ketone containing 8 carbon atoms obtained by hydrating a fraction of cracked wax to obtain a straight chain secondary alcohol and dehydrogenating to the corresponding ketone. In other examples there is used a cyclic ketal from glycerol and a cyclic ketone of 9 carbon atoms obtained by hydrogenating alkyl phenols containing 9 carbon atoms to the cyclic alcohols and dehydrogenating the carbinol group to form the cyclic ketones. There may be used a cyclic ketal from glycerol and an aliphatic ketone containing 12 carbon atoms obtained by condensing mesityl oxide and saturating the 12 carbon atom unsaturated ketone so formed. The cyclic ketal phenyl ether obtained from glyceryl α-phenyl ether and the 8 carbon atom aliphatic ketone referred to above, or the cyclic ketal acetate obtained from monoacetin and the 8 carbon atom aliphatic ketone referred to above, may be used.