Patent GB-1027166-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to pattern recognition devices
Inventor: INGHAM WILLIAM ELLIS
IPC: G06V10/88
Filed: 1962-01-05
Abstract: 1,027,166. Pattern recognition apparatus. ELECTRIC & MUSICAL INDUSTRIES Ltd. Dec. 21, 1962 [Jan. 5, 1962; Jan. 11, 1962; Nov. 28, 1962], Nos. 531/62, 1043/62 and 44913/62. Heading G4R. In a pattern recognition apparatus the pattern is sensed to derive signals representing features of the pattern and these are compared with stored combinations and the combination having the highest number of coincidences with the feature signals derived from the pattern scanned is identified. In the form of Fig. 1 the character is imaged on to the screen of an image converter tube T and the corresponding image on the other screen is thrown by lenses L1-L6 on to a series of masks M1-M6 corresponding to shape elements such as F, G, H, J which make up the several possible characters. Light passing through the masks is received by photo-cells P1-P6, the signals of which are amplified at E1-E6 and inverted at I1-I6 to obtain the complementary signals. Because the areas of the shape elements are different they are equalized by resistors R1-R6 before being applied to comparators S1-S2 etc., one for each character in which particular combinations are added by summing resistors or transformers with several primary windings adapted to perform the same function. To increase the significance of the signals derived from sensing, a background mask, Fig. 4 (not shown), may be used corresponding approximately to the outline of all the characters superimposed. The image is vertically oscillated in tube T so that with the horizontal movement of the character the image is effectively tried in all possible positions relative to the masks. In one of these positions the comparator S1, S2 etc. corresponding to the pattern sensed gives a highest output signal detected by circuit SDD. Features which may occur more than once, e.g. the horizontal bar in character " E " may give successional signals. These may be delayed so that they are available all at the same instant. Instead of oscillating the image in Tube T an oscillating lens may be used or a rotating mirror and half-mirrors. Recognition may be in two steps to separate similar characters. For example it may first be determined whether the character is a " 3 " or " 5 " rather than any of the rest. Then the areas H and G, Fig. 2 (not shown), may be used to indicate which. The effects of the effects of the different features of various characters may be differently weighted in the summing circuits. Instead of using the signals directly, they may be differentiated so that the rate of change of match is used as the image passes over the masks. The signals may be quantized before application to the amplifiers to two or three levels. " Anti-feature " masks may be used to test whether features which should not be present are in fact present. In the form of Fig. 5 (not shown) the character, scanned by a flying spot scanner at 1, produces serial mode signals which are applied to a magneto-structive delay line 40, pick-off coils 4a making the signals available in parallel at amplifiers 5. The signals are rectified at 6 and used to modulate a carrier frequency in units 8 to one or the other of two phases 180a apart depending on whether the signal is above or below a certain threshold. The corresponding signals are applied to the primaries of transformers 9, the secondaries of which are connected in series groups corresponding to certain shape features. Combinations of shape feature signals are formed by diode junctions 11, 12, the highest signal being adapted to bias off the other channels. Each junction is applied to one of a number of groups or primary windings of the same transformers, the polarity of the windings being such that each input lead gives a different output combination. As feature signals arrive during scanning combinations of phase signals appear at amplifiers 15. These are transformed to D.C. pulses at 16 and applied to counters. The combination of counters to reach first a predetermined value indicates that the preponderance of recognitions have been on a particular line and the character is identified thereby. In a variation, the signals are not reduced to binary values but are retained in their analogue form converted to A.C. Amplitude signals representing the input values and the squares of the input values. The square signals are multiplied by constants and summed and the resulting value is compared in a subtractor circuit with the unsquared values multiplied by stored constants and also with stored values. The stored constants and values represent the patterns which are expected and the character is identified by the highest output lead. In another arrangement the stored values are stored in a magnetic film store and are non-destructively read out by the input pattern. The extent of correspondence is indicated as before by a maximum signal on one lead.