baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-396054-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the simultaneous treatment of crude petroleums or the like and bituminous coals or the like
IPC: C10G1/00
Filed: 1932-01-20
Abstract: Motor spirit and fuel oils containing a high percentage of finely-divided carbon are obtained by heating a mixture of finely-ground bituminuous fuel and oil under pressure and then passing it into a "shock" separator where light fractions are separated in the vapour phase while the liquid residues are passed in counter current to vapours from a convertor and finally into the convertor where they are heated under pressure in presence of hydrogenating gases while flowing over molten metal surfaces disposed on superposed trays.  The coal-oil mixture is pumped by a pump CP through a heat exchanger HE where it is preheated by the hot residues and thence through a pipe C3 up the annulus formed by the cylindrical walls 1, 2 of a heater CH and down the annulus formed by the walls 2, 3.  The annular chambers may be provided with spirals.  The heated oil is then pumped through the pipe C4 into the "shock" separator D from which the vapours pass up towers R1T1 and D1 and thence into fractionating towers MRT, D2 and condenser FC, from which three fractions are obtained and stored in receivers A1, A2, A3.  The condensate from the towers R1T1, D1 and the unevaporated oil containing the solid suspension flow down over trays in the tower RT in countercurrent to gases and vapours passing from the convertor TST and then pass into the convertor through a separator RS and pipe t1. The coal-oil mixture in the convertor flows downwardly over trays l1 . . l20 welded to a conical heating casing 4 and filled with molten metals of increasing melting point as described in Specification 284,345, [Class 32, Distilling &c.].  The convertor is heated by combustion gases introduced tangentially from a burner FB so as to flow helically round the outside of the heater CH and then downwardly through the inner cylinder 1.  Hydrogenating gases may be introduced into the convertor, the temperature of which is regulated thermostatically.  The temperatures of the columns R1T1, D1, MRT and D2 are also regulated by thermostats T2, T3 which control the supply of cooling water.  The permanent gases formed in the reaction are decomposed in a superheater RH and passed into the convertor through a <PICT:0396054/III/1> <PICT:0396054/III/2> <PICT:0396054/III/3> pipe rg3.  In a modification the superheater CH is formed separately from the convertor and the materials are then passed through further annular passages formed by cylinders 1<1>, 2<1>, 3<1>, Fig. 3.  The heavy oil containing colloidal carbon in suspension and collecting in the residue pan 6 is designated "Carbonol," while the products of lower boiling point collected in the receivers A1, A2, A3 are referred to as "Bituminol" I, II, and III, respectively.
Patent GB-1253413-A (GB)
Title: Super-strength, high conductivity aluminum alloys
IPC: C22C1/02
Filed: 1969-01-13
Abstract: 1,253,413. Making wire; altering physical properties. OLIN CORP. 13 Jan., 1969 [25 March, 1968], No. 1813/69. Headings B3A and B3V. [Also in Division C7] An aluminium alloy comprising 0À1-1À5% each, and no more than 3% in total, of. one or more elements which have a max. solid solubility in Al greater than 0À25% (e.g. Bi, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mg, Sb, Si, Sn, Ta, Ti or Zr), the alloy having no eutectic transformation below 400‹ F., is treated to ensure that the additions are at least almost entirely in solid solution, cold deformed at, least 15%, heated at 400-750‹ F., without any intermediate step, for at least 20 mins., cooled, optionally thermally stabilized at 250-400‹ F., and then deformed at a temperature of from room temp. to less than 500‹ F. The product has high strength and electrical conductivity. Exemplary alloys also contain 0À15% or 0À18% Fe.
Patent GB-656984-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to flexible pipe-joints
IPC: F16L21/04
Filed: 1949-01-22
Abstract: 656,984. Pipe joints. NOBLET, H. Jan. 22, 1949, No. 1834. [Class 99(i)] A preformed flexible packing ring 10, bifurcated axially by an annular groove 11 having oppositely tapered faces 8, 9, is interposed between the spigot end of a pipe 1 and the internally tapered socket of an adjoining pipe 2, and deformed by the complementary tapered annular part of a pressure-ring 7, to which axial pressure is applied, as by hook bolts 15, so that its bifurcated parts conform, by radial compression, to the shape of the space between the pipes and the annular part; the latter may be divided into equal segments by radial slots. The ring 10 may be of moulded rubber and wedge section prior to deformation, and have a convex surface 13 to allow angular displacement of the pipe axes and an annular space 12 at the root of groove 11 to act as a pneumatic cushion, Fig. 2. In a modification, the ring 21 is internally of and abuts the face 29 of the socket 17, and the tapered annular part is divided into equal segments by radial slots terminating in holes 24 which allow fluid-pressure to act on all inner faces of the ring 25, Fig. 5.
Patent GB-549512-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of surface active materials
IPC: C11D1/00
Filed: 1941-02-14
Abstract: 549,512. Sulphochlorides ; sulphonic acids. DU PONT DE NEMOURS & CO., E.I., HENKE, C. O., and LOCKWOOD, W. H. Feb. 14, 1941, No. 2016. [Class 2 (iii)] A hydrocarbon is reacted with sulphurdioxide and chlorine, in the absence of a catalyst, until there is an increase in weight of from 10 to 30 per cent. The product containing sulphonylchlorides is treated with aqueous alkali solution to effect hydrolysis and the unreacted hydrocarbon separated as an oil for re-use. In examples, a mainly paraffinic white oil and also cetane are used as raw materials, the latter being exposed to light from an electric globe during the treatment with sulphur dioxide and chlorine. The unreacted oil may be extracted from the reaction mixture by means of a solvent such as liquid sulphur dioxide before the hydrolysis step. Other hydrocarbons which may be treated are :' isoalkanes, naphthenes, cyclohexene, dodecylcyclohexane, decahydronaphthalene, camphane, menthane, pinane, abietane, scalewax, match, wax, wax-drippings and hydrocarbons obtained by the catalytic hydrogenation of oxides of carbon and the hydrogenation of coal. For the hydrolysis of the sulphochlorides, hydroxides of potassium and calcium, oxides and hydroxides of the alkaline earths, and aqueous solutions of ammonia, dimethylamine, triethanolamine, piperidine, diethylcyclohexylamine, pyridine, aniline, toluidine, xylidine, #-naphthylamine and tetramethyl (or ethyl) ammonium hydroxide may be used. The hydrolysis is facilitated by the use of solvents such as ethyl or propylalcohol, dioxane, glycol and glycol ethers and esters. The sulphonates are stated to have wetting, sudsing and emulsifying properties and may be used in association with salts such as calcium chloride, magnesium sulphate, sodium bromide, sodium phosphates, sodium perborate, sodium bisulphite, sodium silicate, sodium acetate, sodium benzoate, sodium formate, sodium lactate, sodium tartrate, sodium malate, soap and soap substitutes. Specifications 537,841, 538,408 and 542,414 are referred to.
Patent GB-258771-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the intermediate withdrawal of steam in steam power-plants
IPC: F01K17/06
Filed: 1926-01-23
Abstract: 258,771. Jackson, L. Mellersh-, (Siemens-Schuckertwerke Ges.). Jan. 23, 1926. Automatic gear.-To a low-pressure power plant comprising an engine and boiler is added a highpressure boiler and engine which supplies steam to the low-pressure main and to a feed-water heater. The low-pressure boiler 1 supplies through a pipe 2 a main turbine 3. The high-pressure boiler 12 supplies through a pipe 13 steam to an auxiliary turbine 4 which has three tappings. One tapping 14 is connected to the pipe 2, the others 15 supply steam to a feedwater heater 6. The pressure in the main 2 regulates the valve 5 of the turbine 4; the turbine 3 is regulated according to the load. Reciprocating engines may be used in lieu of turbines.
Patent GB-1039277-A (GB)
Title: Press guards
Inventor: LUCAS ERNEST SILVIO LLOYD
IPC: F16P3/06
Filed: 1964-01-17
Abstract: 1,039,277. Machinery guards. MARK PERKS Ltd. Feb. 24, 1965 [Jan. 17, 1964], No. 2110/64. Heading F2J. During the first part of the working stroke of a press, e.g. a hand- or power-operated screw press, a roller 16 on a plate 17 adjustably mounted on the tool carrying slide 102 moves in a cam slot 132, 133 of an arm 13 carrying a guard 14 to swing the latter into its safe position in front of the press, a curved lug 20 on an auxiliary guard 19 resiliently hinged to the guard 14 engaging an adjustably positioned stop 18 to swing the auxiliary guard against a return spring to a position guarding the side of the press working zone (Fig. 2, not shown). The auxiliary guard comprises a plate 194 carrying a transparent plastics extension 195 and hinged by a rubber strip 193 to a plate 141 of the guard 14, the plate 141 carrying a transparent plastics extension 142.
Patent GB-557516-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to gas filled electric discharge devices and circuits therefor
IPC: H05B41/232
Filed: 1942-02-19
Abstract: 557,516. Supply systems for discharge lamps. BRITISH THOMSON-HOUSTON CO., Ltd. Feb. 19, 1942, No. 2224. Convention date, Feb. 21, 1941. [Class 38 (iv)]. [Also in Group XL] In a fluorescent discharge lamp, sputtering from the activated heated cathode is prevented by making its emitting surface large in relation to its heat capacity, thereby ensuring rapid initial heating and electric emission to prevent positive ion bombardment. In one form tungsten wire 0.006 inch in diameter is over wound with 0.0015 inch wire ; this is made into a coil with internal diameter of 0.060 inch. Smaller wire may be used ; the cathode may consist of a spiral 9, Fig. 2, of double wire inside a two part nickel shield 12 to which the ends are welded. The wires are coated. Ratios are given for effective emissive areas to heat capacities related to operating voltages. To prevent sputtering from the anodes on to the envelope walls the pressure of the gaseous filling of argon is reduced during processing to between 0.2 and 0.7 mm. and a discharge is passed between the anodes at about 17,000 volts ; the material dislodged from the anodes can be burned during exhausting of the tube by the aid of air or oxygen. The running filling consists of mercury at 20 microns and argon or neon at 1.2 to 1.7 mm., but 0.7 mm. may be used ; corresponding tube dimensions are given. The lamp is supplied from a transformer having two E- shaped cores 19, 20 magnetic shunts 21 being provided between the legs of the core 19. The primary is formed by the windings 22 and the secondary bv these windings and the windings 23, auxiliary windings 24 being used to supply heating current for the cathode at starting. A resonant circuit comprising the coil 30 and condenser 31 is shunted across the transformer output and therefore across the anodes to increase the voltage. A reflector 29 is connected to one anode by the capacity 32 to effect a starting discharge between the reflector and an anode which accompanies a cross discharge between the two anodes around the baffle 7. The lamp may have a single anode and it may run on D.C.
Patent GB-142191-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to magnetic chucks and other magnetic holding-on devices
IPC: B23Q3/154
Filed: 1919-01-29
Abstract: 142,191. Norman, A. C., and Southern Transport Co. Jan. 29, 1919. Magnetic chucks.-A magnetic chuck or other magnetic holding or lifting device of the multipole type, comprises a number of cylindrical magnet elements B, which preferably are formed with annular pole-pieces B<2> in order to increase the flux-density; each element is made so as to fit tightly into holes bored vertically in the thickness of the chuck or like plate A. The central space of each annular pole-piece may be filled with a non-magnetic plug B. A non-magnetic ferrule C separates each centre pole-piece from the surface of the cast-steel plate A forming the opposite polepiece. The element B is reduced in diameter to receive the magnetizing-winding D, and is slotted at B' to accommodate the leading-in wires D<1>, which lie in a recess A<1> provided at the base of the plate A. Additional plugs G of non-magnetic material may be inserted in the surface of the plate A, between the annular pole-pieces, for the purpose of still further increasing flux-density.
Patent GB-1013381-A (GB)
Title: Arrangements for assisting the gripping of sporting implements
IPC: A63B71/14
Filed: 1961-01-20
Abstract: 1,013,381. Sports equipment. G. HOOD & M. S. COX. April 24, 1962 [Jan. 20, 1961], No. 2312/61. Heading A6D. [Also in Division A3] An arrangement for ensuring a firm grip on sporting implements, particularly on golf clubs, comprises strips 2 and 5 of fabric secured respectively to a glove and to the handgrip of a sporting implement, the two fabrics comprising piles which are releasably interengageable. As particularly described, one fabric comprises a hooked pile, whilst the other comprises a looped pile. Specifications 721,338 and 883,298 are referred to.
Patent GB-1261333-A (GB)
Title: Removal of organic iodine from radioiodine-containing atmospheres
IPC: B01D53/68
Filed: 1970-01-19
Abstract: 1,261,333. Absorbent for radioactive iodine. UNITED STATES ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION. 19 Jan., 1970 [17 Feb., 1969], No. 2436/70. Heading G6R. [Also in Division C1] A spray or scrub solution for removing iodine 131 from effluent gases in contact therewith comprises an aqueous solution adjusted to a pH in the range 9 to 10 with an alkali metal hydroxide and containing (a) up to 0À3 weight per cent boron as borate, (b) a reducing agent for molecular or atomic iodine comprising sodium thiosulphate or formaldehyde and (c) a water soluble cationic polyelectrolyte having a molecular weight of from 450 to 100,000, formed by the polymerization of ethylenimine. The solution may also contain a free radicle getter or an inorganic compound which reacts with hydrated electrons.
Patent GB-284267-A (GB)
Title: Process for the biological purification of waste waters from yeast and sugar factories, distilleries and other factories
IPC: C02F3/02
Filed: 1928-01-25
Abstract: 284,267. Aktieselskabet Dansk Gaerings Industri, (Assignees of Lesienicka Fabryka Drozdzy prasowanych i spirytusu Spolka Akcyjna (Lesienitzer Spiritus und Presshefefabriken Akt.-Ges.)). Jan. 26, 1927, [Convention date]. Bacteriological processes.-The waste waters from distilleries, and from yeast, sugar, and other factories utilizing molasses are purified by the action of aerobic or anaerobic betaine-destroying micro-organisms, a "starting-stock " of a pure culture of such organisms being first prepared, for example by inoculating a concentrated solution of betaine with putrescent beetroots or decaying molasses. By means of this culture the betaine and its derivatives and transformation products are decomposed into carbonic acid, ammonia, and formic acid. In a second stage the vegetable acids, particularly the formic acid, are removed by bacterial decomposition. The waste water containing humus may also be treated with suitable organisms, which may be used in the first or second stage of the process. Albuminous substances may be removed by albumen-decomposing bacilli, such as putrifucus, mesentericus, or vulgatus, or by filtering, or the yeast cells are removed mechanically and destroyed by plasmolysis, or by heating, and finally treated with albumen-decomposing microorganisms. By the use of pure cultures, and by carrying out these processes under controlled conditions, the production of hydrogen sulphide is prevented. The Figure shows diagrammatically a plan of a plant for carrying out the process. The filtered &c. waste water is neutralized by milk of lime and run into a closed decomposing basin I; thence it passes to a small shallow clarifying-basin I<a>, the bottom of which forms a flat funnel for the settling bacteria. Thence the waste water passes to a. second decomposing tank II with an adjoining settling-basin II<a>. A stock of pure betaine bacteria is propagated in a vessel III and run into the basin I say once a week, and a culture of bacterium formicicum Ometianski is propagated in the receptacle IV and run into the basin II to decompose the formic acid and other humus products. A short stimulation by aeration is desirable when a fresh culture is added; phosphates may be added to accelerate the action. A short supplemental treatment of the waste water in a fish-pool may follow. Humus-destroying bacteria may be placed in either basin I, II. Specification 307,587 is referred to.
Patent GB-859447-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to thermonuclear reactors
Inventor: BICKERTON ROY JOHN
IPC: H05H1/08
Filed: 1958-01-24
Abstract: 859,447. Nuclear fusion reactors. UNITED KINGDOM ATOMIC ENERGY AUTHORITY. Feb. 11, 1959 [Jan. 24, 1958], No. 2554/58. Class 39(4). In a thermonuclear reactor plant comprising a transformer, a vessel for containing a fuel gas, and means for energizing the transformer to establish a pinched ring discharge in the gas, means is provided to modulate the discharge current in such a way as to cycle the gas within the discharge channel repetitively through a closed thermodynamic cycle during the period of the discharge whereby electrical energy may be extracted from the discharge and the stability of the discharge may be maintained. Fig. 1, shows the desired thermodynamic cycle ; starting from time t1 when the discharge has been heated to a thermonuclear temperature, hum-up proceeds until time t2; the discharge current is now reduced at such a rate that adiabatic expansion takes place from t2 to t3; the discharge is then allowed to cool by bremsstrahlung radiation to t4, and the current increased to produce adiabatic compression from t4 to t1. The discharge current should follow an approximately square wave to carry out this cycle, but Fig. 3 shows a circuit which produces a sinusoidal approximation to this ideal. An intially charged condenser C1 is discharged through the primary winding LD of a transformer, which produces a discharge current in the reactor T, by closing switch S1. When the current through LD reaches its peak, switches S2 and S3 are closed and power is taken from the reactor and may be extracted from the circuit by charging condenser C3 through a rectifier R or by inductively coupling a load to the circuit. In a modified circuit, Fig. 5 (not shown), condenser C1 discharges into transformer LD through a series inductance; a switch is parallel with LD is opened and closed at appropriate times to produce a thermodynamic cycle. In another arrangement, Fig. 7, a D.C. generator 3 feeds the transformer coupled to the reactor and is carried on the same shaft as a flywheel 2 and an alternator 4. The field excitation unit 5 is controlled to produce a square wave output from the generator 3, and the alternator 4 to produce usable electric power. Specification 830,852 is referred to.
Patent GB-1454721-A (GB)
Title: Pressure feedback system
IPC: G05D16/00
Filed: 1975-01-21
Abstract: 1454721 Change-speed control; clutch control CLARK EQUIPMENT CO 21 Jan 1975 [21 Jan 1974] 2614/75 Headings F2D and F2L To provide for gradual pressurization of alternately selectable fluid pressure operated devices, e.g. forward and reverse clutches 26a, 26b in a transmission, each conduit 28, 42 between a selector valve 22a and a device incorporates a modulator 34a, 34b and an accumulator 36a, 36b, and to ensure rapid resetting of an accumulator after its associated device has been de-pressurized each conduit 28, 42 has a connection 46, 48 with the other accumulator. The figure shows the movable parts of the apparatus in the positions they would occupy immediately after operation of the selector valve 22a to change from forward drive to reverse. Fluid is exhausted from the clutch 26a through a chamber 72a, the conduit 28, valve 22a and a conduit 44, and pressure fluid is delivered from a pump 14 through the valve 22a and conduit 42 to a chamber 72b and the clutch 26b, and also through the connection 48 to assist springs 87a, 88a in resetting the plunger 90a of the accumulator 36a to its rightmost position. Pressure in the chamber 72b has access through a passage 76b to a chamber bounded by a fixed closure 60b so that a movable member 66b is displaced against a spring 78b to control the rate of increase of pressure applied to the clutch 26b by opening a bleed 84b. The pressure also passes through a restriction 96b so that the accumulator plunger 90b is gradually displaced against its springs 87b, 88b, and the member 66b is ultimately returned to the position shown in which the clutch 26b is subject to maximum pressure. Similar actions controlling pressurization of the clutch 26a and resetting of the accumulator 36b take place on appropriate displacement of the selector valve 22a.
Patent GB-567042-A (GB)
Title: An improved spot light projector device for use when training with small arms
IPC: F41G1/35
Filed: 1943-02-17
Abstract: 567,042. Musketry teaching. BAYLY. C. F. H. Feb. 17, 1943, No. 2649. [Class 119] A spot-light projector for aiming instruction. is carried by an expansible plug inserted in the muzzle of a firearm. The projector comprises a tube 1 having a lens 3 adjustably mounted at one end thereof and an electric bulb 4 in a socket 5 at the other end. The tube may be laterally adjusted relative to the socket and fixed by screws 6. The socket has a screwed rod 7 projecting rearwardly therefrom, the rod terminating in a cone 8. A sleeve 10, alitted, as at 11, for most of its length and having a coned front end, is carried on the rod 7 between the cone 8 and a nut 9, and is adapted for insertion in the muzzle W of a firearm (e.g. a rifle) and to be expanded therein by screwing the nut 9 along the rod. The device may be adapted for a weapon of larger bore by applying a second slit-and-coned sleeve upon the sleeve 10. In a modified form, a transverse screw is provided for effecting the alignment of the tube 1 relative to the socket 5.
Patent GB-817128-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to dry-cargo ships
IPC: B63B25/04
Filed: 1958-01-27
Abstract: 817,128. Holds of dry cargo ships. FREDRIKSON, R.K.O. Jan 27,1958 [Feb. 26, 1957], No. 2681/58. Class 113. A dry-cargo ship's hold is divided between the weather deck AD and inner bottom plating or tank top of the ship's bottom IK by a lower deck HE stretching across the ship between transverse bulkheads. The lower deck HE is not supported from the tank top IK by any kind of vertical supports essential for the strength of the ship, such as pillars, centre-line or other longitudinal bulkheads, or webs along the side plating with accompanying deep beams below the lower deck. At least one longitudinal bulkhead is provided between the lower deck HE and the strength deck AD such as BG and CF. An intermediate deck MN is shown in the Figure and hatch openings L, ... L 7  are provided to permit loading and unloading of the separate compartments formed.
Patent GB-1164203-A (GB)
Title: Treatment of Acetic Acid Solutions
IPC: C23F11/04
Filed: 1967-01-18
Abstract: 1,164,203. Inhibiting corrosion by acetic acid. CELANESE CORP. Jan.18, 1967 [Jan.25, 1966], No.2682/67. Heading C7E. The corrosion of metal in contact with aqueous acetic acid solutions, as in the interior of stainless steel containers for concentrated acetic acid with halogen-containing and formic acid impurities, is reduced by incorporating in the acid up to 1000 parts per million by weight of a compound containing the -P=O radical. Suitable compounds include orthophosphoric and pyrophosphoric acids, alkali-metal phosphates, amine phosphates and organic phosphorous compounds such as diphenyl phosphite, triphenyl phosphite and triphenylphosphine oxide. Phosphoric acid is preferred, and is advantageously fed into the solution continuously. Examples are given of inhibition of corrosion in strong acetic acid aqueous solutions containing formic acid, chloride ion, acetaldehyde and terephthalic acid, or temperatures up to 310‹C.