Patent GB-1187415-A (GB)
Title: Tentering Apparatus
Inventor: ONOFRIO EDMOND JAMES D
IPC: B29C55/16
Filed: 1967-06-05
Abstract: 1,187,415. Film tenter. EASTMAN KODAK CO. 5 June, 1967 [6 June, 1966], No. 25837/67. Heading B5B. [Also in Division D1] A gripper 10, for gripping film to be transversely stretched, comprises a film holding portion 12 and a track portion 11, the film holding portion 12 comprising a film contact surface 20, a lever 16 pivotally mounted at 17 in the film holding portion 12 and biased by resilient means (spring 19) into engagement with the film contact surface 20, the gripper having first and second sides longitudinally of the direction of film motion, edges of the film contact surface 20 being spaced inwardly from the sides of the gripper to provide recessed shoulders 25 between the sides of the gripper and the edges of the film contact surface. Because of these shoulders the film is actually grasped only along the portion of rod 18 which is in contact with contact surface 20. Because of the recesses the gripper devices may simply be shoved together side-by side along the longitudinal edge of the film at the beginning of the stretching station without taking special means to provide sufficient clearance between adjacent grippers which would otherwise be necessary to assure proper longitudinal stretching at the edge of the film. Track portion 11 is mounted on track 30, in such manner that the gripper device will be firmly supported thereon and the friction between it and the track will be minimal. Inner bearing rollers 26 counteract the forces tending to urge the gripper towards the track, outer bearing rollers 27 which contact the opposite side of the track counteract the forces tending to pull the gripper towards the film, and upper and lower bearing rollers 28 and 29 contact the top and bottom surface of the track respectively preventing rotational movement of the grippers about an axis lying approximately in the plane of the film material and running in the transverse direction. This arrangement of rollers provides a maximum reduction of friction in a minimum width since rollers 26 to 29 ensure that all contact between the grippers and the track is rolling rather than sliding contact, and counter all turning movements acting upon gripper 10, these functions being performed in a space not much wider than the diameter of one roller, e.g. roller 27. Fig. 2 shows a plan view of apparatus incorporating the grippers of Fig. 1. A film 33 enters the stretching station (which is divided into a preheat section, a stretch section, and a cooling section) between the rollers 34 and leaves between the rollers 35, the surface speed of which is greater than that of rollers 34 so effecting longitudinal stretching. Continuous tracks 30 mounted on either side of the film in the stretching section are attached by ends 32 to track support frames 31. The tracks are parallel in the pre-heat section, diverge in the stretching section, and are again parallel in the cooling section. Grippers 10 mounted on tracks 30 grip the edge of the film at the pre-heat section and release the film at the cooling section after which the grippers are moved to the back of the tracks 30 from which they are returned to the pre-heat section in conventional manner. Cam means 40 and 43 are provided at the pre-heat and cooling sections respectively. As the grippers 10 approach the pre-heat section the cam 40 engages the upper portion of lever 16 urging the same outwardly and thereby urging rod 18 away from contact surface 20. Thus as grippers 10 enter the preheat section they are maintained in non-gripping position. Within the pre-heat section the surface 20 is moved under the film so that the film will be held by rod 18 and surface 20 as soon as the lever 16 is released. At the end of the pre-heat section a short distance prior to the point at which the tracks diverge, the cam rod 40 ends thereby allowing spring 19 to urge rod 18 into engagement with the film on surface 20. At the cooling section, after the tracks have again assumed a parallel path, cam 43 engages the upper portion of lever 16 in the same manner as did cam 40, to disengage the lever from the film. Fig. 2 shows a full row of grippers 10 on each of the diverging tracks 30, from which it is seen that the grippers 10 on either track are positioned in abutting relationship to each other as they initially grip film 33 just after the levers 16 are released by cam rods 40. As the film progresses through the stretching section the space between adjacent grippers is gradually increased by the longitudinal stretching of the film and the geometry of the diverging tracks. Grippers 10 have no propelling force other than that provided by their attachment to the film 33 which is driven by rollers 34 and 35. Scallops occur on the edge of the film between the surfaces at which the film is actually grasped, as shown in Fig. 2. These scallops are very small, since a large number of grippers which are close together is used. Because of the recessed shoulders 25 adjacent each edge of surface 20, this minimization of scalloping is provided without taking special pains to adjust the distance between adjacent grippers to assure longitudinal stretching of the film at the edges thereof. Fig. 3 shows a gripper 110 which is a modification of the gripper of Fig. 1. Film holding portion 112 is identical to the portion 12 in the embodiment of Fig. 1, and corresponding members have corresponding numbers. Track portion 111 however differs from track portion 11 of Fig. 1 as it is adapted to a channel-type track 130 which replaces the rail-type track 30 of Figs. 1 and 2. Channel track 130 has an upper portion, a central portion, and a lower portion, and accordingly the track portion 111 of gripper 110, includes an upper portion 150, a central portion 151 and a lower portion 152, which portions fit within the commensurately sectioned channel 130. Roller bearings 155 are provided on each surface of the track portion 111 in contact with the channel 130. These rollers offset moments tending to turn or reposition the gripper and to minimize friction between track portion 111 and track 130. The modification of Fig. 3 may be used in the stretching station of Fig. 2, by replacing the rail-type track 30 with a channel-type track 130. The apparatus is stated to be especially useful in the bi-axial stretching of polyethylene terephthalate films.