baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-626694-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to apparatus in which one liquid flowing therethrough is displaced by another liquid
IPC: A01J7/02
Filed: 1945-11-21
Abstract: 626,694. Milk &c. pasteurizing apparatus. ALUMINIUM PLANT & VESSEL CO., Ltd., SELIGMAN, R., UNITED DAIRIES, Ltd., and MATTHEWS, P. Nov. 21, 1945, No. 31335. [Class 49] [Also in Group XL(b)] Apparatus in which one liquid flowing therethrough is displaced by another liquid, e.g. a heat exchanger for milk treatment in which milk is replaced by wash water on shutting down, and the reverse on starting up, has a valve for changing the exit flow course when a permissible limit of dilution by the second liquid is reached, a device for operating the valve or giving indication that the valve has been or requires to be operated, and means for rendering this device operative either at a predetermined time after the commencement of the displacement or at a moment after the displacement determined by change in some physical property different in the two liquids, e.g. electrical conductivity or opacity. Milk through a pipe 3 or water through a pipe 4 is passed through a 3-way cock 2 to a pasteurizer 1 and thence to a diversion valve 5, the milk being delivered therefrom through a pipe 8 and the water through a pipe 9, according to the actuation of a valve operating device 10. With the apparatus of Fig. 1 the change over from milk to water or vice versa by manual operation of the cock 2 causes a time switch 12 to energize a relay 13 after the lapse of sufficient time for the lead of the changed liquid to reach the valve 5, whereupon the valve operating device 10 is re-set to divert the flow to one or other of the pipes 8 and 9 or a visual or audible warning device 11 is actuated to indicate that manual re-setting of the diversion valve 5 is required. With the apparatus of Fig. 2 electrodes 15 project into the liquid to form a resistance cell which is part of a balanced network of the Wheatstone bridge type comprising also an adjustable resistance 18, and, with the resistance bridge set to balance with water flowing, the change of flow to milk unbalances the bridge, results in the flow of an electric current to energize a relay 20 and thus causes the valve operating device 10 to set the diversion valve 5, after a suitable delay if desired, for milk delivery through the pipe 8. Compensation for changes in electrical conductivity with temperature is obtained by inclusion in the resistance bridge of a secondary resistance cell 22 comprising a pair of electrodes in salt solution of the same temperature coefficient of electrical resistivity as that of milk.
Patent GB-1237047-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to applicators for creams and like paste substances
Inventor: MEESON FRANK
IPC: A45D40/00
Filed: 1969-06-20
Abstract: 1,237,047. Massage appliances. F. MEESON. 20 June, 1969, No. 31346/69. Heading A5R. [Also in Division Fl] In an applicator for cream or paste, pressure is applied through a hole 6 in base of a container 1 to a pressure plate 5 to compress a hollow pad holds cream or paste 7 and extrude the cream or paste through at least one outlet opening 4 in a closure lid 2 and the outer face of lid 2 may be furnished with ribs of varying length forming a swirling pattern for the cream to be applied with a massaging action. Spring means 9 is provided to bias the pressure plate 5 against the container bottom. Grooved annular rings 10 are provided to retain the spring in its correct position and a sealing ring or rings of rigid or resilient material may be located between the pressure plate and the container bottom. A cover may be adapted to press fit over the lid 2.
Patent GB-920948-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to rudders
Inventor: JUNGE WALTER
IPC: B63H25/38
Filed: 1960-09-12
Abstract: 920,948. Propeller nozzle rudders. MUTZELFELDTWERFT G.m.b.H. CUXHAVEN. Sept. 12, 1960, No. 31374/60. Class 114. A nozzle ring surrounds the propeller of a ship and is subdivided by longitudinal cuts into upper and lower portions 2 and 3 fixed to the hull and side portions 4 and 5 mounted on rotatable vertical shafts 10 and 11 for steering. The lower portion 3 accommodates journals about which the side portions 4 and 5 turn and also serves to prevent damage to the propeller through grounding. In another embodiment, Fig. 4 (not shown), the cuts between the lower fixed portion and the movable portions are vertical.
Patent GB-735011-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to windings for electrical apparatus
IPC: H01F27/28
Filed: 1953-11-12
Abstract: 735,011. Transformers and inductors. CANADIAN GENERAL ELECTRIC CO., Ltd. Nov. 12, 1953 [Nov. 12, 1952], No. 31401/53. Class 38 (2). An electromagnetic inductive apparatus has a winding comprising a conductor subdivided into a plurality of insulated strands wherein for obtaining an approximately equal distribution of flux linkages the strands are transposed through three transpositions so that each strand occupies, for substantially one quarter of the total length of the winding, each of the following four positions in any sequence :- where m is equal to the number of strands in the conductor and x is consecutively each integer between 0 and (m/4 -1 ) or between 0 and m/4 according to whether the number of 4 strands m in the conductor is a multiple of four or not. When the number of strands m is not a multiple of four some of the values of the formulµ giving the positions will be non-integral. In these cases the next higher or lower integer is used having regard to the fact that only one strand must occupy any given position in a portion of the winding.
Patent GB-387439-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the treatment of basic phosphate slags
IPC: C05B5/00
Filed: 1931-11-12
Abstract: A process for the removal of lime and similar basic constituents from basic phosphate slag of high content of citrate soluble phosphates, such as Thomas slags, consists in treating the slag with such quantities of acid or acid salt solution that the calcium content is dissolved in great part without the silicic acid, metal or phosphorous compounds being substantially effected. When nitric acid is employed the calcium nitrate obtained may be used directly on evaporation as calcium saltpetre or may be further treated (a) to obtain ammonium nitrate and calcium carbonate by passing gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide through the solution or by adding ammonium carbonate or bicarbonate, or (b) by adding ammonium sulphate to obtain ammonium nitrate and calcium sulphate.ALSO:A process for the removal of lime and similar basic constituents from basic phosphate slag of high content of citrate soluble phosphates, such as Thomas slags, consists in treating the slag with such quantities of acid or acid salt solution that the p  calcium content is dissolved in great part without the silicic acid, metal or phosphorous compounds being substantially affected. When nitric acid is employed the calcium nitrate obtained may be used directly on evaporation as calcium saltpetre or may be further treated (a) to obtain ammonium nitrate and calcium carbonate by passing gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide through the solution or by adding ammonium carbonate or bicarbonate or (b) by adding ammonium sulphate to obtain ammonium nitrate and calcium sulphate.
Patent GB-954928-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to magnetohydrodynamic generators using a nuclear reaction to heat the working fluid
IPC: G21D7/02
Filed: 1961-08-31
Abstract: 954,928. Generators operating by electromagnetic interaction with fluids. UNITED AIRCRAFT CORPORATION. Aug. 31, 1961 [Sept. 12, 1960], No. 31420/61. Heading H2A. [Also in Divisions F1 and G6] The electrical conductivity of gas containing fissionable material flowing, in the presence of a steady magnetic field 18, through duct 14 of a magnetohydrodynamic generator is cyclically varied by altering the position of moderator 22, 24 by rotating cam 30 to generate a pulsating voltage at electrodes 26, 27 which may be applied to load 40 via transformer 28. The moderator which may be mounted at the edge of wheels running adjacent the duct, Figs. 3, 4 (not shown), or formed together with a neutron-absorbing material as composite rods which rotate, Figs. 7, 8 (not shown), and allow the nuclear reaction within the duct to alternately start and stop to produce the required output waveform. In modifications only part of the moderator mass is oscillated, Fig. 2 (not shown), or an additional pulsating magnetic field perpendicular to the main flux may be provided, Fig. 6 (not shown). In a system for generating power the hot gaseous working fluid leaves duct 14 and passes through heat exchanger 48 and turbine 50 which drives a pump 52 to condenser 54, where it is cooled to its initial liquid or gaseous state, and is then preheated in heat exchanger 48 before passing back to the duct inlet 12. Specification 928,836 is referred to.
Patent GB-1533714-A (GB)
Title: Helicopter anchoring and fastening means
IPC: B64F1/12
Filed: 1976-07-28
Abstract: 1533714 Helicopter undercarriages U TRAMPNAU 28 July 1976 [14 Jan 1976] 31517/76 Heading B7G For the purpose of anchoring a helicopter to the deck or for lifting loads a helicopter skid is provided with suction pads 3. The operation of the pads is controlled from within the helicopter, and each pad is universally mounted on a pivotable arm 8 which is spring-biased into the operational position shown. A two-stage vacuum pump (11), Fig. 3 (not shown), is located within the helicopter and applies a vacuum to the pads via a pair of vacuum chambers (12) and three-way valves (14). Four pads are provided; and each vacuum chamber is connected to a pair of the pads diagonally disposed on the skids. Vacuum indicators (16, 17) and an emergency vacuumrelease device (15) are provided in the helicopter cabin.
Patent GB-354622-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to automatic fire arms
IPC: F41A3/72
Filed: 1930-10-21
Abstract: 354,622. Automatic smallarms. FROMMER, R. VON, 158, Soroksßri ut, Budapest. Oct. 21, 1930, No. 31591. [Class 119.] A pivoted handle 1 for retracting the breechbolt 3 and of the kind having a hook member 7 for connection with the spring- controlled breech - closing rod 18 is provided with projections 23 on the hook which ride beneath strips 22 on the gun casing, such strips being interrupted at places where it is desired to disconnect the hooks from the closing rod 18.
Patent GB-917883-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to dissolution
IPC: C23F1/18
Filed: 1961-09-04
Abstract: Chemical machining or etching of metallic copper (e.g. for the production of printed circuits or the reduction of size of blocks of copper) is accomplished by spraying or splashing of, or immersing in, an aqueous solution of ammonium monopersulphate (10-60% by weight, preferably 15-40%) at 20-80 DEG  C. Specifications 867,573 and 873,583 are referred to.
Patent GB-1497013-A (GB)
Title: Toy animal figures
IPC: A63H3/16
Filed: 1976-07-29
Abstract: 1497013 Toy animals ERNST A BETTAG [trading as BIG SPIELWARENFABRIK DIPL - ING ERNST A BETTAG] 29 July 1976 [2 Aug 1975] 31688/76 Heading A6S A toy animal e.g. a donkey, mule, camel, &c. or as shown a horse has a rigid body 1 with a central web 2, Fig. 1, onto which can be fitted either a simulated saddle 4, Figs. 4, 5, with narrowly spaced side shanks 16 readily able to be slotted between the correspondingly narrowly spaced legs 17 of a toy figure, or alternatively a centre torso portion 3, Figs. 2, 3 of greater breadth, having sides and top conforming to the front and rear torso portions 6, 5 of the animal. The saddle 4 and central torso 3 snap-fit onto the central web 2. The legs 24 and the neck 25 of the toy animal are pivoted to its body 1, and the head 26 is pivoted to the neck 25.
Patent GB-343535-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to telegraph and telephone systems
IPC: H04L5/14
Filed: 1929-10-18
Abstract: 343,535. Transmission systems. SMITH, W. S., Benchams, Newton Poppleford, Devon, and STEVENSON, G. E., Stellands, Orpington, Kent. Oct. 18, 1929, No. 31699. [Class 40 (iv).] In a telephone system employing a duplex bridge arrangement at each end, the signalling line is balanced wholly or in part by lengths of line identical in electrical characteristics per unit length with the signalling line. The balancing line may be constituted by an additional core, or lengths of additional core in a multi-core cable. In Fig. 1 the signalling line 1 connects two stations, each having a transmitter 6 joined at the junction point of the primaries 8, 8a of bridge transformers whose secondaries 9, 9a are connected in series with a receiver 5. The winding 8a is connected to a length of line 2, electrically identical per unit length with the signalling cable 1 and earthed at about the middle of the cable through an impedance 3 designed to complete the balance for the remainder of the line 1 and its associated apparatus. The lengths of identical balancing line 2 at each end of the cable may be such that they duplicate the signalling line up to a point at which the signalling current has fallen to 30 per cent or less of its initial value, the remaining balance being provided by an artificial line. The bridge transformers 8, 9, 8a, 9a may be replaced by condensers 7, 7a, Fig. 4, and a tertiary winding or two equivalent windings 12, 13 in combination with a shaping or correcting circuit 11 may be employed to compensate for slight inequalities which may occur, for example, between the cores of the cable. In a modified arrangement, Fig. 6, the cable comprises three identical cores, the signalling line 1 being balanced by the core 2, 2a, each of which is earthed at the remote station through a balancing impedance 14.
Patent GB-861740-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to high voltage spark gap switches
Inventor: ROLLINSON WILLIAM
IPC: H01T2/02
Filed: 1957-10-10
Abstract: 861,740. Spark gaps. ASSOCIATED ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES Ltd. Nov. 12, 1958 [Oct. 10, 1957], No. 31730/57. Class 39(1). A high voltage circuit for a spark gap switch includes a first main electrode 1 connected to a high voltage source, a second main electrode 3 connected to a low voltage (or earth) source, and an auxiliary electrode 12 which may be in the form of an annular ring or two parallel cylinders located adjacent the end 4 of the electrode 3, together with means for applying a voltage pulse to the electrode 12 of such polarity as to increase the voltage gradient in the vicinity of the end 4 of an electrode 3 when the high voltage exists between them in order to cause voltage breakdown. The relative disposition of the cylinders may be made adjustable to obtain the position of maximum sensitivity of operation. The pulse may have a value of 10% of the value of the voltage difference between the main electrodes.
Patent GB-299209-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to display cabinets for stationery and other merchandise
IPC: A47F7/14
Filed: 1927-11-25
Abstract: 299,209. Harshman, H. H. Nov. 25, 1927. Stationery cases.-A display cabinet, for stationery &c. comprises an opentopped receptacle 8 provided with an open bottom into which projections 6, 7 extend from a supporting base 3 to engage the side walls thereof. A cover 10 is fitted with parallel spaced ledges' 16 transversely across its inner face to support cards &c. Flexible strands or wires 19 are connected by springs to the cover 10 and extend across the cards &c. A removable tray 11 may be fitted with inclined recesses to receive articles such as greeting cards, and open-topped containers may be located beneath the tray. The top edge of the cover 10 may overhang and carry a lamp.
Patent GB-819183-A (GB)
Title: Preparation of detergent compositions
Inventor: PENGILLY PETER JOHN
IPC: C11D11/04
Filed: 1956-10-18
Abstract: Granular detergent compositions are obtained by (1) sulphonating organic materials which thereby yield sulphonic acids with detergent properties, suitably alkylbenzenes in which the alkyl group is derived from propylene tetramer; (2) including in the acid product at least 2.5 per cent, preferably 4-10 per cent, of toluene sulphonic acid based on the weight of acid product, the toluene sulphonic acid either being added separately or, more preferably, being formed in situ by adding toluene to the original organic material to be sulphonated; (3) adding at least 30 per cent, usually 50 per cent, of water based on the acid product; and then (4) intimately dispersing the acid product so obtained into a (preferably turbulent) powder mixture comprising (a) an alkaline material, for example sodium carbonate or bicarbonate, in an amount sufficient, but not substantially more than sufficient, to neutralize the acid product; and (b) an alkali metal polyphosphate, suitably sodium tripolyphosphate, in an amount at least equal to that of (a).  Sodium carboxymethylcellulose, coconut fatty acid amide, tarnish inhibitors, optical bleaches, colour, perfume, and suds boosters or depressors may be incorporated in the powder mixture into which the acid product is introduced, and sodium silicate may be added subsequently.
Patent GB-634441-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to ball bearings for wheels
IPC: B60B27/00
Filed: 1946-10-26
Abstract: 634,441. Bearings. BROWN, J. Oct. 26, 1946, No. 31835. [Class 12 (i)] A wheel or pulley bearing comprises a ring of balls housed in a channel defined by two separate hub members and engaging directly on a fixed spindle, the base of the channel being integral with one of the hub members and at least one side wall of the channel having its free edge turned inwardly to retain the balls therein. As shown, a ring of balls F are housed in a channel formed by a plate A of a wheel and an annular dished cover E which may be welded, brazed, riveted or otherwise secured to the inside of the wheel plate A. The edge a<SP>1</SP> of the wheel plate A is bent inwardly to retain the balls F in the channel, the balls protruding sufficiently to bear directly on a fixed spindle. In an alternative construction, the wheel plate A may be formed with a dished hub portion and the balls retained therein by a flat cover-plate secured to the outside of the wheel plate. The free edge of either the wheel plate or the cover-plate may be turned inwardly to retain the balls. The bearing arrangement may be applied to pressed metal, spoked or moulded wheels, the latter type, whether of metal or plastic material, being formed with rebated ends in each of which is placed an angle-section liner ring of hard metal.
Patent GB-1001347-A (GB)
Title: Polyurethane plastics
IPC: C08G18/36
Filed: 1962-08-20
Abstract: Tall oil fatty acids are hydroxylated by selective oxidation using hydrogen peroxide and as catalyst tungstic acid or sodium tungstate. Other hydroxylating agents which may be used are cold alkaline potassium permanganate, peracetic acid or perbenzoic acid. Specifications 700,610 and 769,682 are referred to.ALSO:A process for the production of polyurethane plastics comprises reacting an organic polyisocyanate with an hydroxylated tall oil which has been prepared by selectively oxidizing natural tall oil or a tall oil acid (see Division C5).  The reaction may be performed in the presence of a cross-linking agent such as a polyhydric alcohol or alkanolamine; a solvent; or a blowing agent such as water or volatile halohydrocarbons with or without foam stabilizers such as polydimethylsiloxane or alkylsilane polyoxyalkylene block copolymers, emulsifiers such as sulphonated castor oil, fire retardants such as antimony trioxide (when the hydroxylated tall oil also contains chlorine) and catalysts such as tertiary amines and organotin or organomolybdenum compounds to give polyurethane foams.  The products are also useful as solvent-free or solvent-containing coating compositions which may also contain pigments, caulks, sealants, putties, adhesives, castings, mouldings, sound and thermal insulation and in the manufacture of gear-wheels.  Specifications 700,610 and 769,682 are referred to.ALSO:Coatings are prepared by applying a composition comprising the polyurethane reaction product of an organic polyisocyanate and an hydroxylated tall oil prepared by the selective oxidation of tall oil or a tall oil acid, with or without solvents and/or pigments (see Division C3) to substrata which may be wood, paper, sponge rubber, cellular polyurethanes, foamed polystyrene, steel, aluminium and copper.  In an example a composition comprising an hydroxylated tall oil and a polyisocyanate reaction product of trimethylolpropane and tolylene di-isocyanate in a mixture of 2-ethoxymethyl acetate and xylene is spread on a 30 gauge steel panel and air dried.  The coatings may be applied by dipping, brushing, roller coating or spraying.  Specifications 700,610 and 769,682 are referred to.
Patent GB-300638-A (GB)
IPC: C03B9/347
Filed: 1928-11-02
Abstract: 300,638. Soc. Anon. d'Etudes et de Constructions d'Appareils MÚcaniques pour la Verrerie. Nov. 18, 1927, [Convention date]. Blowing. - In a machine for making glass bottles or similar hollow ware, the parisons are blown in the finishing mould by suction applied between the parison and the wall of the mould, the glass being distended by the pressure of the atmosphere. The mould 2 consists of two parts as usual, and channels 6, formed in the meeting-faces of the two parts, communicate by borings 4 with a conduit 3 formed in the mould bottom 1. When a parison 8 is enclosed in the mould, suction is applied through the conduit 3 and the air enclosed in the space 7 is exhausted through the joints between the mould halves. The pressure of the atmosphere, acting through the opening 9 in the neck of the parison, expands it until it fills the mould.
Patent GB-720251-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to o-aminophenols
Filed: 1952-12-17
Abstract: The invention comprises 4-hydroxy-3-aminobenzene-1-chloromethyl sulphone.  The compound is produced by replacing the nuclear-bound halogen atom in a 4-halogen-3-nitrobenzene-1-chloromethyl sulphone by a hydroxyl group by heating with aqueous alkali and reducing the nitro group to an amino group.  In the example: 4-Chloro-3-nitrobenzene-1-chloromethyl sulphone, obtained by treating 4-chlorobenzene-1-chloromethyl sulphone dissolved in concentrated sulphuric acid with a mixture of nitric and sulphuric acids, is heated with aqueous sodium hydroxide to form 4-hydroxy - 3 - nitrobenzene - 1 - chloromethyl sulphlne which is reduced by heating with iron and aqueous hydrochloric acid to 4-hydroxy-3-aminobenzene-1-chloromethyl sulphone. 4-Bromobenzene-1-chloromethyl sulphone may be employed as starting material in a similar process.  4 - Chloro - or 4 - bromo - benzene - 1 - chloromethyl sulphone can be obtained by heating the sodium salt of 4-chloro- or 4-bromobenzene sulphinic acid with the sodium salt of dichloroacetic acid in aqueous solution when carbon dioxide is split off.
Patent GB-271813-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in sound amplifiers
IPC: G10K13/00
Filed: 1926-12-18
Abstract: 271,813. Columbia Graphophone Co., Ltd., (Assignees of Hinckley, F. C.). May 28, 1926, [Convention date]. Cases with internal horns. - A sound-amplifier for a gramophone or the like comprises a vertically-arranged structure 11, 15 forming a divided tapering sound passage., and a divided resonance chamber 20 with which the passage communicates. Partitions 19, 24 divide the members 15, 20 into two substantially equal portions. The sound-passage 11 is made of iron, and is connected to the section 15, which expands in two directions at right-angles to one another, this section being constituted by two boards 16, 17 and side pieces 18. The two passages in the chamber 20 are of full width in the chamber and expand in the vertical direction only. The side walls of the chamber 20 are formed by the sides of the enclosure or cabinet of the whole amplifier (which is adapted to be slid into a gramophone cabinet, below the motor), and the bottom wall of the chamber 20 is formed partly by the base 7 of the. enclosure and partly by a curved piece 22. A curved wall 21, the upper edge of which is in the plane of the inlet 14, forms the top of the resonance chamber.