Patent GB-628882-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of emulsions serving as binding agents for the fixation of pigments on fibrous materials
IPC: C09K23/00
Filed: 1946-11-19
Abstract: An emulsion serving as a binding agent for the fixation of finely-divided pigments on fibrous materials such as textile fabrics, paper and leather, comprises an aqueous external phase containing acid casein and a water-soluble ether of a methylol-amide capable of forming a hardenable resin, and an oily internal phase containing an organic liquid having a boiling point within the range of approximately 100-200 DEG  C.  Specified ethers are dimethylol-urea dimethyl ether, dimethylol-urea diethyl ether, hexamethylol-melamine methyl ether and hexamethylol-melamine glycol ether, but in addition to urea and melamine methylol derivatives of thiourea, guanidine and dicyandiamide may also be employed and the etherifying group is derived from a water-miscible aliphatic alcohol such as methyl, ethyl and isopropyl alcohols, glycol and glycerine.  Specified organic liquids employed as the internal phase are xylene, toluene, dipentene, white spirit, ligroin, chlorobenzene, tetrahydronaphthalene, decahydronaphthalene and the liquid known under the Registered Trade Mark "Sangajol."  The acid casein, which is preferably prepared by the process of Specification 597,390, [Group IV], may be brought into solution by the addition of ammonia, caustic soda borax or triethanolamine.  The etherified methylol derivative may be added to the aqueous phase before, during or after the emulsification therein of the organic liquid. To the internal phase may be added oil-soluble resins such as butylated carbamide-formaldehyde resins or rubber, chlorinated rubber, ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose, polyvinyl resins, polystyrene, drying oils and paraffin wax.  The external phase may contain, in addition, other emulsifying or dispersing compounds such as sulphoricinoleates or fatty alcohol sulphonates, and additional binding agents such as a water-soluble cellulose ether, starch, dextrin, gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol, water-soluble condensates of polyhydric alcohols with polybasic acids or rubber dispersions.  Specification 544,157 also is referred to.ALSO:An emulsion serving as a binding agent for the fixation of finely-divided pigments on fibrous materials, such as textile fabrics, paper and leather, comprises an aqueous external phase containing acid casein and a water-soluble ether of a methylol-amide capable of forming a hardenable resin and an oily internal phase containing an organic liquid having a boiling point within the range of approximately 100-200 DEG  C.  Specified ethers are dimethylol-urea dimethyl ether, dimethylol-urea diethyl ether, hexamethylol-melamine methyl ether and hexamethylol-melamine glycol ether, but in addition to urea and melamine, methylol derivatives of thiourea, guanidine, and dicyandiamide may also be employed and the etherifying group is derived from a water-miscible aliphatic alcohol such as methyl, ethyl and isopropyl alcohols, glycol and glycerine. Specified organic liquids employed as the internal phase are xylene, toluene, dipentene, white spirit, ligroin, chlorobenzene, tetrahydronaphthalene, decahydronaphthalene, and the liquid known under the Registered Trade Mark "Sangajol."  The acid casein which is preferably prepared by the process of Specification 597,390, may be brought into solution by the addition of ammonia, caustic soda, borax or triethanolamine.  To the internal phase may be added oil-soluble resins such as butylated carbamide-formaldehyde resins or rubber, chlorinated rubber, ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose, polyvinyl resins, polystyrene, drying oils and paraffin wax.  The external phase may contain, in addition, other emulsifying or dispersing compounds such as sulphoricinoleates or fatty alcohol sulphonates and additional binding agents such as a water-soluble cellulose ether, starch, dextrin, gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol, water-soluble condensates of polyhydric alcohols with polybasic acids or rubber dispersions. Pigments or insoluble dyestuffs are dispersed in the emulsion which is then applied to the fibrous materials by printing, brushing or spraying and the effect is fixed by a short heat-treatment or by the action of acidic substances.  Numerous examples are given in which the emulsion containing organic and inorganic pigments is applied to fabrics of regenerated cellulose, cotton, linen, glass and nylon.  Specification 544,157 also is referred to.