Patent GB-931481-A (GB)
Title: Ferroelectric data storage system
IPC: H03K19/018
Filed: 1961-03-15
Abstract: 931,481. Circuits employing bi-stable ferroelectric elements. DAYSTROM Inc. March 15, 1961 [March 16, 1960], No. 9474/61. Class 40 (9). [Also in Group XIX] In a storage matrix which comprises ferroelectric capacitors the hysteresis characteristic of which has different slopes on opposite sides of the remanent points A, D, Fig. 2, and in which the remanent state of a single capacitor may be determined non-destructively by a voltage pulse having an amplitude insufficient to effect a reversal of remanent state in the zeroing sense, the progressive reduction of stable state in all the capacitors of the matrix due to repeated destructive or non-destrucive read-out is reduced by following each read-out pulse with a resetting pulse of equal but opposite magnitude. The matrix may be formed from a single sheet of ferroelectric material, e.g. 58% lead zirconate and 42% lead titanate, with co-ordinate electrodes, Fig. 3 (not shown). Alternatively, ' separate capacitors 101-116 may be used, Fig. 1. The matrix is controlled by column and row switches consisting of bi-stable magnetic cores 32-47, each co-ordinate conductor 120, 122 being associated with output windings 68 of a respective pair of cores such as 40, 41. Selective switching of the cores 32-47 is effected by an address register 10 which controls column address selectors 12, 14 and row address selectors 16, 18. These selectors are gated in time position # 1  by a timing pulse generator 20, and apply positive or negative pulses to halfread windings 64, 66 on the switch cores, depending on whether the respective address register outputs are " 1 " or " 0." The half-read windings on the co-ordinate core groups 32-39 and 40, 47 are so arranged that only one pair of cores, such as 32, 33 and 40, 41, in each group may be switched by a particular combination of positive and negative pulses from their respective pair of address selectors. For destructive read-out both cores of a pair are switched and produce full amplitude pulses V in the associated co-ordinate conductor. For non- destructive read-out only one even-numbered core such as 40 is switched for each co-ordinate, the odd numbered core 41 of the pair being held by a signal in a disabling winding 69 originating from a sensing mode control circuit 77. In the latter case the selected capacitor is subjected to only one half of the potential V necessary to reverse its state. The read-out pulse and timing pulses # 1 , # 2 , # 3  are shown in Fig. 4, pulses 124, 126 each of value V/2 being applied to a row and a column of the matrix respectively for destructive readout, and pulses 127, 129 of value V/4 being applied for non-destructive read-out. If the interrogated capacitor registers a binary one, a current pulse 280 or 281 is produced depending on whether read-out is destructive or non-destructive. Likewise, a pulse 290 or 291 of smaller value is obtained if a binary one is registered. The current pulse is measured by a read gate and sampling impedance 80 which controls a reset control circuit 82 having inputs from a read-write-mode control circuit 90 and a memory input register 92. When the time position # 2  is reached, a timing pulse from generator 20 is applied to reset windings 62 on the even-numbered column switch cores. If a binary one was previously read out destructively or is to be registered, the reset control circuit 82 permits the timing pulse at # 2  to pass to reset windings 62 on the even-numbered row switch cores. Also the disabling column and row windings 69 are energized in the same time position # 2  to reset all the odd-numbered cores. All the switched cores are thus reset simultaneously, and voltage pulses 134, 136 of amplitude V/2 are applied to the co-ordinate conductors to write a binary one in the previously interrogated capacitor. If on the other hand a binary one was read-out non-destructively as instructed by the sensing mode control circuit 77, then only the even-numbered cores are reset and induce coincident writing pulses 135, 137 of value V/4. These pulses restore the capacitors in the energized co-ordinate leads to their initial state and so prevent progressive reduction of the stable states. When a binary zero is read out destructively or is to be registered, resetting of the row switch cores is delayed by the sensing mode control circuit 77 until time position # 3 . Non coincident pulses 136, 138 of value V/2 are therefore applied to the co-ordinate leads and the interrogated capacitor remains in the binary zero state. Likewise, if a binary zero is read out non- destructively, non-coincident pulses 137, 135<SP>1</SP> of value V/4 are applied to the co-ordinate leads. The read gate and sampling impedances 80 is shown in detail in Fig. 5 in which a bistable magnetic core 250 and an associated capacitor 260 provides a compensating signal for the spurious outputs of storage capacitor in parallel with the selected matrix capacitor. The compensating signal is shown as pulses 282 in Fig. 4, and is applied in opposition to the steep-fronted true output pulses 280, 281 and false output pulses 290, 291 so as to provide resultant output pulses 204, 296 and negligible noise 206, 206<SP>1</SP>. Negative and positive read-out current pulses from the matrix are applied through separate sampling impedances 266 and rectifiers 268, and only the negative read-out pulse applies an output to a transistor 270. This transistor is adjustably biased by a resistor 272 for zero signal level control. The output to the transistor is combined with an opposed compensating signal produced by the core 280 and capacitor 260, the core being set by winding 252 in time position # 1  and reset in position # 2 . Details of the address selectors 12-18, the reset control circuit 82 and the sensing mode control circuit are also disclosed, Figs. 6 to 8 (not shown).