Patent GB-1302087-A (GB)
IPC: F02C9/32
Filed: 1970-03-11
Abstract: 1302087 Gas turbine engine fuel systems BENDIX CORP 11 March 1970 [17 March 1969] 11712/70 Heading F1G A fuel control for a free-turbine type gas turbine engine comprises a governor including a member subjected to a force derived from the rotational speed of the free turbine and to an opposing reference force created by a spring tension, the member being movable in response to the forces to vary the flow area of an orifice, producing thereby a pressure signal which is applied to a fuel metering system to vary the fuel delivery, the governor further including a mechanism responsive to a controlled pressure and connected to the movable member to impose thereon a reset force in opposition to the reference force, the movable member varying the flow area of a further orifice connected to a fluid chamber in the mechanism so as to control the controlled pressure. Fig.2 shows the fuel system for an engine in which the free turbine drives a helicopter rotor. Assuming the control lever 80 of the free turbine governor 56 to be at maximum speed position, then if the control lever 78 of the governor 54 of the gas production stage of the engine is moved from the idling position to the maximum power position, the resultant increase of the force exerted by a spring 146 on a lever 128 ensures movement of the lever 128 and also a lever 126 connected thereto by a spring 164, against the opposing force of governor weights 136, thereby causing flappers 132, 134 to close orifices 122, 124. The resultant cessation of the bleed flow through ducts 118, 120 of air from a line 82 connected to the compressor discharge eliminates the pressure drops through orifices 114, 116, thereby increasing the pressure exerted on the outside of an evacuated bellows 102 and eliminating the pressure differential exerted on a bellows 106. Consequently, the bellows 102 acts through linkage 96 to increase the opening of the fuel metering valve 68. As the compressor speeds up, the resultant increase in compressor discharge pressure acting on the bellows 102 causes a progressive further increase in the opening of the metering valve 68. Eventually, the increase of compressor speed causes the  governor weights 136 to overcome the force of spring 164 and move the lever 126 to open the orifice 122. This re-establishes a pressure differential across the bellows 106 and decreases the pressure exerted on the bellows 102. The net effect of this is to open the metering valve 68 still further to provide increase of compressor speed. As the free turbine also speeds up towards the maximum speed set by the lever 80, governor weights 136a move a lever 128a to open orifices 122a, 124a, thereby producing pressure drops across orifices 178, 210, the pressure drop across the orifice 210 being delayed by an accumulator 204. Consequently, there is an immediate increase in the pressure differential acting on a diaphragm 170 and a delayed increase in the pressure differential acting on a diaphragm 170a. The diaphragm 170 moves a rod 186 into engagement with the lever 128 to apply a resetting force to move the lever 128 against the action of the spring 146 to reduce the force opposing the governor weights 136 and to open the orifice 124. The resultant decrease in pressure downstream of the orifice 116 reverses the pressure differential across the bellows 106 to cause a reduction in the opening of the metering valve 68. When the delayed increase in the pressure differential across the diaphragm 170a occurs, it causes a rod 186a to be moved into engagement with the lever 128a to apply a resetting force opposing the action of the spring 146a and thereby assisting the governor weights 136a in opening the orifices 122a, 124a as the free turbine speed increases, whereby the increases in pressure differentials across diaphragms 170, 170a are enhanced. The increasing resetting force applied by the diaphragm 170 to the lever 128 and consequently to the lever 126 also after the lever 128 begins to bear against the portion 160 of the lever 126, reduces both the pressure on the bellows 102 and the pressure differential across the bellows 106, whereby the metering valve 68 moves in a closing direction, resulting in stabilization of the speeds of the free turbine and gas generator. The pressure drop across the metering valve 68 is maintained constant by the usual by-pass valve 66. A non- compressible fluid may be used instead of air to provide the delayed resetting force, in which case the delayed reset may be obtained as a function of the displacement of diaphragm 170a. In a modification, Fig.3 (not shown), diaphragm 170 and resetting rod 186 are omitted and the orifice (124c) of the free turbine governor (56c) is connected in parallel with the orifice (124b) of the gas generator governor (54b) whereby the governor (56c) applies the delayed resetting force directly to the bellows (106c) rather than via the governor (54b).