Patent GB-959719-A (GB)
Title: Polyurethane foam
IPC: C08G18/36
Filed: 1962-05-04
Abstract: Tall oil esters having free hydroxyl groups, for use in the preparation of polyurethane foams (see Division C3) are produced by reacting tall oil with a polyhydric alcohol or aminoalcohol to prepare a product having terminal hydroxyl groups.  The esters may then be halogenated, e.g. with chlorine or bromine.  Alcohols mentioned are di- and tri-ethylene glycol, propylene and butylene glycols, glycerol, trimethylol-propane, 1,3,6- and 1,2,6-hexane triols, pentaerythritol, mono, di and tri-ethanolamines and the reaction product of propylene oxide with toluene diamine. Examples describe the reaction of tall oil with (1) a mixture of di-ethylene glycol and trimethylol propane, (3) diethylene glycol and glycerol. In example (4) the ester obtained in (1) is brominated.ALSO:A process for the production of a polyurethane foam comprises reacting an organic polyisocyanate with a tall oil ester, having free hydroxyl groups, in the presence of a blowing agent. The tall oil esters are obtained by reacting the mixture of acids including fatty acids and rosin acids, obtained as a by product in the manufacture of cellulose from pine wood with a polyhydric alcohol or aminoalcohol to prepare a product having terminal hydroxyl groups. Preferably the tall oil esters are modified with a halogen, suitably bromine or chlorine e.g. by halogenation in carbon tetrachloride. Esters of the tall oil acids with di and triols and with alkylene oxide condensates, (especially a glycerol/propylene oxide product) are referred to. The carboxyl groups of the tall oil may also be esterified by reaction with alkylene oxides. In the reaction with the polyisocyanate there may also be present other compounds containing at least two active hydrogen atoms. Examples are polyesters, polyesteramides, polyethers, polyhydric polythioethers, polyacetals, alkane, alkene and alkyne diols, triols and tetrols, alkane, alkene and alkyne thiols, polyamines, aminoalcohols. Flame-resistance is imported to the products by mixing the tall oil esters with the reaction product of phosphoric and/or phosphorus acids with alkylene oxides or alkylene glycols.  Suitable polyisocyanates listed include heterocyclic and phosphorus-containing compounds and crude isocyanates obtained by phosgenation. In preparing the foam water or low-boiling liquids are suitable blowing agents. Sulphonated castor oil foam emulsifier and silicone oil foam stabilizers may be added. Suitable catalysts include tertiary amines, tin compounds and the organometallic compounds disclosed in U.S.A. Specification 2,846,408. In examples foams are prepared from (1) an ester of tall oil with mixed diethylene glycol and trimethylolpropane; polysiloxane, N-methyl-N1-(N-dimethyl-aminoethylpiperazine, aqueous sulphonated castor oil and diphenyl-methane-4, 41-diisocyanate; (2) tall oil ester as in (1), tetrakis (hydroxy propyl)-ethylene diamine, polysiloxane, trichloro-monofluoromethane and diphenyl-methane-diisocyanate; (3) an ester of tall oil with mixed diethylene glycol and glycerol and other ingredients as in (2); (4) a brominated tall oil ester obtained by direct bromination of the ester used in (1); phosphoric acid polypropylene glycol ester, propoxylated ethylene diamine, permethylated triethylene diamine, N-methyl-N1-(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl) piperazine, dibutyl tin dilaurate, polysiloxane, trichloromonofluoro-methane and crude diphenylmethane diisocyanate (5) a similar mixture to that of (4) in which aqueous sodium castor oil sulphate replaces the CCl3F; (6) brominated tall oil ester, propoxylated ethylene diamine, polysiloxane, CCl3F and crude diphenylmethane diisocyanate.  The products can be used in insulating wall panels, cushions and air filters.