baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent EP-0990896-B1 (EP)
Inventor: ADAMS MATTHEW
IPC: G01N21/64
Filed: 1999-09-09
Granted: 2012-01-25
Abstract: An apparatus (1) for acquiring high resolution digital images from a large area specimen, such as the result of an electrophoresis of a fluorescent labeled sample in a gel (3). The apparatus comprises a variable wavelength light source (4), variable across a continuous range of wavelengths, for providing illuminating light to the specimens. Image obtaining means (5) are provided for obtaining a high resolution image of the illuminating specimen together with image analysing means for analysing the obtained image to determine the location of samples on the specimen and to provide data based thereon. <IMAGE>
Patent EP-1092916-B1 (EP)
Inventor: KOTOVSKY IRWIN
IPC: F21Y101/00
Filed: 1999-12-01
Granted: 2005-10-26
Abstract: An apparatus for lighting which fits into a wall, ceiling or floor. The apparatus (10) includes a housing (14) having a bottom edge (16) and at least one mechanism for holding a light (20). The housing (14) having a depth. The apparatus (10) includes a frame (22) having an opening (24) having a width larger than the depth through which the housing (14) can fit. The housing (14) fits about the frame (22) wherein the bottom edge (16) is hidden by the frame (22). A method for lighting. The method includes the steps of placing a frame (22) having an opening (24) into a space in a ceiling (12) of a room. Then there is the step of introducing a housing (14) through the opening (24) in the frame into the ceiling (12). Next there is the step of fitting a bottom edge (16) of the housing (14) about a ridge (36) of the frame (22) which extends inwards into the ceiling (12) wherein the bottom edge (16) is hidden by the frame (22). Then there is the step of setting at least one mechanism (18) for holding a light (20) in the housing (14). <IMAGE>
Patent EP-1021956-B1 (EP)
Inventor: LIOT MICHEL
IPC: A23B5/005
Filed: 1999-12-17
Granted: 2003-05-14
Abstract: At least one fraction of fresh eggs, e.g. yolk, white or the whole egg is stored at a temperature below 20 degrees C for less than 3 days and while below 20 degrees C decanted or homogenized to remove small particles. Each fraction is heated immediately or within a few minutes to ≥ 40 degrees C and then gently stirred for 30 minutes - 4 days to degas. Each treated fraction is cooled again to below 25 degrees C  An Independent claim is included for an apparatus for performing the above.  Preferred Features: The fractions are initially filtered and then cooled to 4 degrees C. The white is heated to 40 - 55 degrees C, preferably 45 degrees C. The yolk or whole egg is heated to 50 - 66 degrees C, preferably 55 degrees C. Each fraction is subject to ultrafiltration immediately after it has been heated. The cooled treated fraction is stored under air-tight conditions to exclude oxygen. The apparatus has a storage capacity of 1000 - 20000 l.
Patent EP-1049706-B1 (EP)
Inventor: PETITOU MAURICE
IPC: A61K31/702
Filed: 1999-01-13
Granted: 2003-05-28
Abstract: The invention relates to a pentasaccharide in an acid form and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, the anionic form of which is described by formula (I), in which R1 is (C1-C3) alkyl; R is hydrogen, an -SO3- group, (C¿1?-C3) alkyl or (C2-C3) acyl; T is hydrogen or an ethyl group; and n is 1 or 2.
Patent EP-1049778-B1 (EP)
Inventor: MEDICO ENZO
IPC: C07K19/00
Filed: 1999-01-27
Granted: 2006-08-02
Abstract: Recombinant proteins deriving from recombination of structural domains deriving from the alpha subunits of HGF and/or MSP growth factors. The recombinant proteins of the present invention have biological activity, and protect cells from death (apoptosis) induced by chemotherapeutic drugs. These molecules can conveninently be used to prevent or to treat the toxic side effects of chemotherapeutic agents used in cancer therapy.
Patent EP-1052963-B1 (EP)
Inventor: BUCK CAROL J
IPC: A61Q3/00
Filed: 1999-02-12
Granted: 2006-08-23
Abstract: Compositions comprising at least one alkanoic acid in aqueous solution and use thereof for treating the keratin-related condition straightening hair.
Patent EP-1062550-B1 (EP)
Inventor: ROEBEN UWE
IPC: G05B23/02
Filed: 1999-01-26
Granted: 2002-10-23
Abstract: Particularly simple selection of data in all of the operating phases for a technical installation is achieved according to the invention, in a method for processing data which are user-specifically stored in different data memories. The functional groups for process control and the functional groups for the installation are each assigned to a selection field of a common selection mask. When one of the selection fields is selected, the respective process data relevant to the process control of the installation or installation data relevant to the installation are selected and displayed in a further display level.
Patent EP-1068271-B1 (EP)
Inventor: ROBINSON HOWARD LLOYD
IPC: C08L95/00
Filed: 1999-03-23
Granted: 2003-05-14
Abstract: Selon l'invention, le procédé de préparation de cette composition de mastic comprenant du bitume, une charge et un agrégat, consiste à introduire dans un mélangeur un agrégat à l'état sec, non chauffé et présentant une teneur en eau, régulée pour représenter au moins 3 % en poids du poids de la composition totale du mastic, à ajouter tout le bitume nécessaire, à température élevée, tandis que le mélangeur est en marche, puis à ajouter la charge nécessaire à l'état non chauffé, et à continuer l'opération de malaxage tout en permettant au mélange de refroidir, afin d'obtenir un produit granulaire. La teneur en humidité est régulée de manière à apporter une 'lubrification' suffisante, un ajout d'eau minimal d'environ 3 % étant adéquat, et un ajout maximal ne devant préférablement pas dépasser environ 7 %, par suite de problèmes pouvant se produire au niveau du point d'utilisation du produit. On peut ajouter l'eau à l'agrégat, ou la drainer à partir de celui-ci, avant ou après l'introduction de cet agrégat dans le mélangeur, afin de maintenir, dans le produit final, une teneur moyenne en eau qui se situe aux alentours de 3.5 %, 4 % constituant généralement un maximum.
Patent EP-1075297-B1 (EP)
Inventor: CHOW SEAN L
IPC: A61M25/01
Filed: 1999-04-28
Granted: 2009-03-18
Abstract: A flow directed microcatheter is formed having a gradually changing flexibility and diameter between a proximal end and a distal end of the microcatheter. The changing properties of the microcatheter according to the present invention provide the flexibility of the distal tip needed to allow the microcatheter to be directed by the flow of blood within the vasculature, and the columnar strength and torquability at the proximal end and along the length of the microcatheter needed to advance and direct the distal tip to the target site. A proximal segment of the microcatheter includes a plurality of strands which vary in diameter to change the flexibility of the microcatheter. A distal segment of the microcatheter includes an inner layer which is compatible with solvents, such as DMSO, and an outer layer which provides strength and flexibility. The proximal segment and the distal segment of the microcatheter are joined by a kink resistant fuse joint.
Patent EP-1133446-B1 (EP)
Inventor: DALE KEVIN
IPC: F28F3/08
Filed: 1999-08-04
Granted: 2006-11-08
Abstract: A fluid delivery cooling system which includes at least one cooling plate containing at least one fluid delivery line, said cooling plate being contacted on either side thereof by a gasket containing coolant channels.
Patent EP-1051567-B1 (EP)
Inventor: HANNEWALD THOMAS
IPC: F02M35/00
Filed: 1999-11-19
Granted: 2005-01-19
Abstract: L'invention concerne un carter, en particulier un carter de papillon des gaz d'un corps de papillon des gaz, qui peut être fermé par un couvercle de carter. Selon l'invention, il est prévu qu'aussi bien le carter que le couvercle de carter soient constitués de matière plastique et qu'après leur réunion, ces deux éléments soient assemblés de façon définitive, pour offrir une étanchéité absolue et une protection empêchant toute manipulation des composants se trouvant dans le carter.
Patent EP-1144156-B1 (EP)
Inventor: BUSENHART PETER
IPC: B24B1/00
Filed: 1999-12-24
Granted: 2003-04-23
Abstract: The invention relates to a wide-wheel grinding machine having at least one grinding head attached to a machine frame by a cross arm and having a drive motor for the grinding head which is mounted at one end of the cross arm. The machine is made of non-metal castings and damps both the drive and grinding vibrations from the grinding head as close to the source as possible. Multi-head machines are assembled in accordance with the number of grinding heads on the basis of frame modules which are similar in shape.
Patent EP-1155187-B1 (EP)
Inventor: HUOVILA JYRKI
IPC: D21F1/08
Filed: 1999-12-23
Granted: 2004-03-31
Abstract: The invention concerns the short circulation of a paper or board machine and in particular a simplified process arrangement for the short circulation, which arrangement comprises a metering system (20) for the stock (M) or stocks, pumps (110, 130, 170), a headbox (150), and a wire part (160) as well as a pipe system interconnecting the devices, with means of regulation, and in which arrangement a high-consistency stock (3) is fed into the headbox (150), and the white water (4) recovered from the wire part (160) is fed by means of a diluting pump (170) into the headbox (150) so that diluting of the stock suspension is carried out in the headbox.
Patent EP-1142411-B1 (EP)
Inventor: LJUNG PETTER
IPC: H04W36/30
Filed: 1999-11-26
Granted: 2007-03-28
Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and means for determining handovers in a cellular radio communication system. Power-budgets for a serving and a target cell are calculated (301,302). A ranking value for both cells is determined from the power-budgets (306,307). A new ranking value for the target cell is calculated (309) by adding a specific adjustment value, dependent on the BER in the serving cell and the target cell and derived from a communication-quality table, to the ranking value of the target cell. A handover is performed if the new ranking value exceeds the ranking value of the serving cell.
Patent IE-86070-B1 (IE)
Title: Hand tool
Inventor: WHITFIELD CHARLES
IPC: B25B7/00
Filed: 2006-12-06
Abstract: A hand tool (10) comprising two parts (11,12) connected together by a pivot (16) so that the two parts (11,12) can be pivotally moved relative to one another about the pivot axis. Respective portions (14) of the said parts on one side of the pivot (16) constitute hand grips (14). Respective further portions (13,15) of the said parts (11,12) which are closer to the pivot (16) than the hand grips (14) constitute operative portions (13,15). Each of the said two operative portions (13,15) is provided with a receiving recess (28,29) which extends across the whole thickness of the operative portion, the receiving recess being located opposite and adjacent to the receiving recess of the other of the said two operative portions when the hand tool (10) is in a closed position. Each recess (28,29) in cross-section is generally wide-shaped, with slanting generally flat opposite sides (28a,29a) extending from an outer surface (28b,29b) of the said at least one of the two operative portions (13,15) which faces the other of the two operative portions to a generally flat base (28c,29c) of the recess, so that the sides (28a,29a) are closer together at the base (28c,29c) than they are at the said outer surface (28b,29b). <Figure 1>
Patent IE-86785-B1 (IE)
Title: Hydrogen energy supply system using ocean current power generation
Inventor: KATSUYUKI KUMANO
IPC: C25B9/00
Filed: 2015-08-05
Abstract: A hydrogen energy supply system including 10 or more water wheel impeller type power generation devices that are supported to float in water by first floating bodies and generate electric power by using ocean currents; a second floating body on which a seawater electrolysis device, a hydrogen liquefaction device, and a liquid hydrogen tank are arranged; a hydrogen transporting ship that accommodates the liquid hydrogen stored in the liquid hydrogen tank and transports it by sea to land; an overland liquid hydrogen tank that stores the liquid hydrogen supplied from the hydrogen transporting ship; a small cylinder that accommodates the liquid hydrogen supplied from the overland liquid hydrogen tank; and a hydrogen transporting vehicle that transports the small cylinder to a consumer on land.
Patent IE-87066-B1 (IE)
Title: Electrosurgical instrument
Inventor: DANIEL JOHN THOMAS
IPC: A61B18/00
Filed: 2016-01-13
Abstract: An end effector for an electrosurgical instrument includes a pair of opposing first and second jaw members (2), (3), movable between an open position in which the jaw members are disposed in a spaced relation relative to one another, and a closed position in which sealing surfaces of the jaw members cooperate to grasp tissue there between. A first sealing electrode (9) is located on the first jaw member (2), while a second sealing electrode (10) is located on the second jaw member (3). One or both of the sealing surfaces are provided with electrically conductive stop members (12), the one ormore stop members maintaining a predetermined spacing between the first and second sealing electrodes when the jaw members are in their closed position One or more insulating members (14), (17), (19), are present to prevent the conductive stop members from causing an electrical short between the first and second sealing electrodes when the jaw members are in their closed position. <Figure 4>
Patent IT-1290067-B1 (IT)
Inventor: BALLESTRAZZI ARIS
IPC: B65D75/00
Filed: 1997-03-13
Granted: 1998-10-19
Abstract: The plant for packaging cans or other disposable drink containers by means of heat-shrinkable film comprises: a support frame; at least two feed lines (13) for cans (11), with respective buffer zones (12), and with sensors (14) for sensing passage of an individual can (11); means (10) for feeding the cans recumbent and aligned into the at least two lines (13); means for feeding at least one heat-shrinkable film web (17) associated with means (20) for wrapping the film web over the cans of each line; a welding and cutting unit (21) with a longitudinal welder on each line and at least one welder (22) transverse to both said lines; a heat-shrinking tunnel (26) common to the various lines; and a package expulsion zone (28, 29). <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1311988-B1 (IT)
Inventor: LEONI MAURO
IPC: B67D1/00
Filed: 1999-03-26
Granted: 2002-03-22
Abstract: An automatic device for preparing mixed and non-mixed beverages having a load-bearing structure (22), a conveyor (21) designed to convey containers (26) into a set position under a motor-driven rotary head (12,32) having a plurality of receptacles (13,33) for ingredients to be poured into the containers (26) on the conveyor where each receptacle (13, 33) has an automatic-dosing actuation valve (24, 34) and the said device (10) includes an automatic system (20) for managing positioning of the dispensers over the containers.
Patent IT-1312248-B1 (IT)
Inventor: CONTE ANDREA
IPC: B01J19/00
Filed: 1999-04-12
Granted: 2002-04-09
Abstract: A getter device is shaped like a substrate used in a deposition process. Embodiments of the device include a powdered getter material coated onto one or both sides of a support with a narrow rim portion left uncoated so that the device can be manipulated by automatic handling equipment. A method for using the getter device includes providing a vacuum chamber and automatic handling equipment, loading the device into the chamber, reducing the chamber pressure to a desired value by using the getter device in conjunction with an external pump, removing the getter device and replacing it with a substrate, and depositing a thin film on the substrate. The getter device can be in an activated state when loaded into the chamber, or it can be activated after being loaded by employing heating equipment ordinarily used to heat substrates placed in the chamber. The getter material of the device may also be activated in a separate activation chamber before the getter device is loaded into the vacuum chamber.
Patent IT-1305415-B1 (IT)
Inventor: GIUFFRE CARMELO
IPC: B29C48/157
Filed: 1998-08-20
Granted: 2001-05-04
Abstract: The invention relates to a method for fabricating a drip irrigation pipe, comprising a pipe ( 5 ) wherein a plurality of dripping elements ( 4 ) are bound, communicating with the outside through holes formed in the pipe wall. The method according to the invention provides that the pipe ( 5 ) is extruded and the individual dripping elements ( 4 ) are bound therein by consecutively feeding the dripping elements ( 4 ) inside the pipe through the extruding head ( 1 ). The speed of the dripping elements ( 4 ) is higher than that of the pipe upon extrusion at least in the area of first contact between the pipe and the dripping elements ( 4 ). The invention also relates to a plant for implementing said method.
Patent IT-1287264-B1 (IT)
Inventor: CRESPAN LINO
IPC: A63C17/14
Filed: 1996-03-21
Granted: 1998-08-04
Abstract: An improved brake for a skate (2; 200) with in-line rollers (4; 40), consisting of a frame (3; 300) for supporting a boot (5; 500) in which the skater places his or her foot and to which the rollers (4; 40) and a brake (1; 100) are attached. The brake is mounted on the boot (5; 500) and includes at least one frictional portion (11; 111) connected to the frame (3; 300) via a pivotable member (6; 600) enabling the boot (5; 500) to be lowered to urge the frictional portion (11; 111) against at least one body (4; 400) moving relative to the frame (3; 300) when the skater shifts his or her weight onto the heel area (53; 530) of the boot (5; 500).
Patent JP-2975927-B1 (JP)
Title: 板体加熱装置
IPC: H05B3/20
Filed: 1998-06-10
Granted: 1999-11-10
Abstract: 【要約】
【課題】  万一第一のフィラメント９ａの断線やその電 源回路の故障等があった場合でも、第二のフィラメント ９ｂを使用して引き続き加熱物ａの加熱を可能とする。
【解決手段】  板体加熱装置は、内部に気密な空間が形 成され、加熱物ａを載せる平坦な加熱部２を有する耐熱 性の加熱物支持部材１と、この加熱物支持部材１の前記 加熱部２を加熱するフィラメント９ａ、９ｂを有し、こ れらのフィラメント９ａ、９ｂは、第一のフィラメント ９ａと、同第一のフィラメント９ａとフィラメント加熱 電源１０に並列に接続された第二のフィラメント９ｂと を有する。
Patent JP-2984658-B1 (JP)
Title: 半導体ウエーハの熱処理炉用ボートローダとボートの構造
IPC: H01L21/22
Filed: 1998-07-28
Granted: 1999-11-29
Abstract: 【要約】
【課題】  ボートの支柱の変形を防止した半導体ウエー ハ保持用のボートの構造を提供する。
【解決手段】  熱処理炉内で複数の半導体ウエーハを保 持するボートであって、前記ウエーハを所定の間隔で水 平に保つため前記ウエーハに対して垂直な方向に設けら れた支柱１２と、前記支柱１２上部１１を支持すること でボート１をボートローダ２に吊り下げるための前記支 柱１２に一体的に設けた係止部１３とで構成したことを 特徴とする。
Patent JP-3088721-B1 (JP)
Title: 不純物処理装置及び不純物処理装置のクリーニング方法
IPC: H01L21/00
Filed: 1999-08-11
Granted: 2000-09-18
Abstract: 【要約】
【課題】  装置をクリーニングするために装置の稼働率 の低下や健康上の問題がなく、かつ装置を簡単にクリー ニングすることが可能な不純物処理装置及び不純物処理 装置のクリーニング方法を提供する。
【解決手段】  チャンバ１１に、不純物含有ガス供給部 １０２Ｂと接続された不純物含有ガスの導入口と、不純 物含有ガスを用いてイオン注入し、或いはドーピング し、又はその上に成膜する被処理層を保持する基板保持 具１２ｂと、不純物含有ガスの流れの向きに従って基板 保持具１２ｂよりも上流に設けられた、水分含有ガス供 給部１０２Ｃと接続された水分含有ガスの導入口と、水 分含有ガスの導入口から基板保持具１２ｂに至る間に設 けられた、水分含有ガスをプラズマ化する第１のプラズ マ生成手段１２ａ，１２ｂ，１６とを備えている。
Patent JP-2980118-B1 (JP)
Title: 扉のキャッチ装置
IPC: E05C19/02
Filed: 1998-08-26
Granted: 1999-11-22
Abstract: 【要約】
【課題】  キーパーに対するキャッチの締め付け力を簡 単にしかも取り付け後でも調整可能な扉のキャッチ装置 を提供する。
【解決手段】  キャッチ４の一対の弾性フィンガー５ａ ・５ｂの複数個所に間隔調整用の溝７ａ・７ｂ及び８ａ ・８ｂを設けるとともに、キャッチ４とは分離した調整 リング６を備える。この調整リング６を、溝７ａ・７ｂ 又は８ａ・８ｂと係合するところまで一対の弾性フィン ガー５ａ・５ｂの外周に嵌めることにより、一対の弾性 フィンガー５ａ・５ｂの先端部の間隔を調整できるよう にして、キーパー３に対するキャッチ４の締め付け力を 調整可能とする。
Patent JP-2984669-B1 (JP)
Title: 簡易携帯電話内蔵型携帯電話機におけるローカル回路
IPC: H04W74/04
Filed: 1998-09-11
Granted: 1999-11-29
Abstract: 【要約】
【課題】ＰＨＳ１フレーム２スロット送受信に対応させ るためにＰＨＳローカル回路を２つ用意することを不要 とし、ローカル回路を２つ用意していた従来の回路構成 からローカル回路を１つ削除し小型化を図る簡易携帯電 話内蔵型携帯電話機の提供。
【解決手段】ＰＨＳの１フレーム２スロット送受信時に 間欠受信を行っているＰＤＣの第１ローカル部の出力を ２逓倍アンプ１２０で２逓倍した信号をＰＨＳ送受信部 に供給し、ＰＨＳ１フレーム２スロット送受信時、連続 したスロットもしくは近接したスロットを異なった周波 数で送受信可能としている。
Patent JP-3000009-B1 (JP)
Title: 台間貸出機
IPC: G07F11/00
Filed: 1998-11-06
Granted: 2000-01-17
Abstract: 【要約】
【課題】  簡単な構造でカードを貸出機内に回収収容可 能とする
【解決手段】  カード挿入口２と、一端をカード挿入口 ２へ隣接して設置し、他端にカード送出し口４１を設 け、挿入されるカードＷを取込みカード挿入口２或はカ ード送出し口４１から排出するカード搬送手段４２を設 け、リーダ／ライタ４３をカード搬送手段４２に併設 し、取込んだカードＷの排出先を指示する排出信号の指 示によってカード挿入口２或はカード送出し口４１から カードＷを排出するリーダ／ライタ部４と、カード送出 し口４１に設置され、排出されるカードＷの鉛直落下を ガイドする鉛直樋部５１及び鉛直樋部５１に連続して傾 斜させて落下させる傾斜樋部５２を設けるガイド５と、 傾斜樋部５２下方に設置し、カードＷを水平に収納する スタッカ部６１を設け、スタッカ部６１に立設壁６２を 設けてなる収納部６とからなる。
Patent MD-4629-B1 (MD)
Title: Methods of treatment of fibrosis and cancers
Inventor: HANF RÉMY
IPC: A61P43/00
Filed: 2014-01-20
Abstract: The invention relates to medicine, namely to the use of compound 1-[4-methylthiophenyl]-3-[3,5-dimethyl-4-carboxydimethylmethyloxyphenyl]prop-2-en-1-one for treating fibrotic diseases and cancers.Sequences: 20
Patent MD-4457-B1 (MD)
Title: Tool for hilling plants
Inventor: PASAT IGOR
IPC: A01B13/02
Filed: 2016-03-22
Abstract: The invention relates to the agricultural machinery industry, in particular to tools for loosening soil and hilling plants.The tool for hilling plants comprises a frame (1) with support wheels, on which is mounted a sleeve (2) with locating fixtures (3) at the ends, curved carrying levers (4 and 5) with locating fixtures (6) for adjusting the angle of inclination of the disc batteries located on an axle, fixed to a frame (8), which communicates with a flange (7), at the same time the levers (4 and 5) have one end mounted, with the possibility of their rotation, in the sleeve (2), and the other end in the flange (7), which is made with the possibility of adjusting the angle of attack and is placed with the possibility of movement parallel to the axis of the disc batteries.
Patent MD-4476-B1 (MD)
Title: Electrohydrodynamic cavitator
Inventor: COVALIOV VICTOR
IPC: F15D1/00
Filed: 2016-05-20
Abstract: The invention relates to electrohydrodynamic cavitators, and can be used for cleaning the inside surface of long-length cylindrical articles from impurities.The electrohydrodynamic cavitator comprises a cylindrical body (1) with an internal working mixing chamber (3), a working magnetoliquefaction chamber (7) with lateral perforated walls (8), (8′), fixed on a fixed axis (9), and with a liquid supply branch pipe (4), which through a flexible hose (5) is connected to an ejector (6). In the magnetoliquefaction chamber (7) are placed asymmetric cylindrical metal particles (10) with the possibility of their intensive rotary-translational motion. Outside the magnetoliquefaction chamber (7) is installed an inductor (11) of rotating electromagnetic field with an electric current regulator (12). The body (1) on two opposite sides is provided with spring-loaded rollers (2).
Patent NO-312152-B1 (NO)
Inventor: HANSEN KNUT MAGNE
IPC: A61F7/00
Filed: 2000-02-16
Abstract: A method and an apparatus for charging a so-called heating washer (heating cushion) (10) with heat energy to be liberated at a chosen point of time through activating the heating washer (10) when the same e.g. has been placed on stiff/tender musculature. According to the invention, the heating washer is steamed, either one or more at a time, in a steam chamber positioned above a water chamber in a steam cooking apparatus (30), wherein the water chamber is separated from the overlying steam chamber by means of a horizontally directed partition plate (34), fluid communication being maintained between the chambers. The charging of the heating washer (10) by means of steam prevents that the heating washers are damaged in the way that may happen when boiled in water.