baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20010002821-A (KR)
Inventor: DO JEONG RYONG
IPC: C07K1/00
Filed: 1999-06-18
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for producing functional peptides from fishes is provided, thereby the functional peptides can be mass-produced with low cost using novel raw materials. CONSTITUTION: The method comprises the steps of; pretreating fishes with water to wash out; adding an alkalic solution into the pretreated fishes to remove fats therefrom; adding protease two times into the defatted fishes; filtering them with the activated clay and diatomaceous earth under the reduced pressure and refiltering with a filtering membrane; concentrating the filtrates using a vacuum concentration device; and freeze-drying under vacuum condition, the alkalic solution is a solution of 1.0 to 0.05% of Na2CO3 containing 0.5 to 0.01% of NaCl, and the protease is selected from Maxazyme NNP, Promod 192P, Collupulin, Alcalase, Flavourzyme, Protamax, Papain 30000.
Patent KR-20000006333-A (KR)
Inventor: HAWK ALMARK
IPC: B41J2/175
Filed: 1999-06-22
Abstract: PURPOSE: A liquid containing and dividing device is provided to usefully contain or divide printing ink into an ink jet printer. CONSTITUTION: The dividing device comprises: a cell(12) having an opening and a facing end units; a chassis(14) placed within the opening end unit of the cell; a pumping element(16) placed within the pumping chamber; a device for deviating the pumping element from the facing terminal of the cell; a flexible diaphragm for covering the pumping element.
Patent KR-20010009267-A (KR)
Title: Thin film transistor array panel for liquid crystal display and manufacturing method thereof, and photomasks used thereto
Inventor: PARK UN YONG
IPC: G02F1/136
Filed: 1999-07-08
Abstract: PURPOSE: An optical mask is provided to be capable of closely resolving optical permeability of the optical mask using a transparent substrate and two films with different permeability. CONSTITUTION: The optical mask comprises a transparent substrate(510), a permeability adjusting film(520) and an opaque film(530). The permeability adjusting film(520) and the opaque film(530) have different permeability from each other. The substrate(510) is divided into five regions(A-F). The permeability adjusting film(520) and the opaque film(530) are formed on the A region of the substrate(510), and nothing is formed on the B region. The permeability adjusting film(520) is formed on the C region. The permeability adjusting film(520) is formed on the E region with a plurality of slot patterns formed. The permeability adjusting film(520) and the opaque film(530) are formed on the F region of the substrate(510), with a plurality of slot patterns formed at the opaque film(530).
Patent KR-20000011605-A (KR)
Inventor: GERHART VARAT
IPC: B21D53/16
Filed: 1999-07-09
Abstract: PURPOSE: A sheet ring is provided to generate a little waste materials as possible or not to generate at all, and not to generate a projection around a ring. CONSTITUTION: The production method of the sheet ring having at least two side faces each in the opposite side comprises by:a process of molding a continuous starting material(3) by a ring(5); a process of cutting in a regular length; a process of welding ends(6, 7) areas of the ring(5) facing each other; a process of making in a sheet ring(1) shape by a burning transformation; by forming the ring(5); by using a roll device and a cutting device to cut it in a regular length; the completed sheet ring(1) having the form having surfaces(9, 10) horizontally extending each other.
Patent KR-19990073591-A (KR)
IPC: H01J1/304
Filed: 1999-07-27
Abstract: 본 발명은 3전극 구조인 탄소나노튜브 FED의 제작에 관한 것으로써, 특히 미세한 구멍에 탄소나노튜브를 집어넣는 간단한 방법을 이용하여 구조가 간단하고 특성이 우수한 3전극 구조인 탄소나노튜브 FED를 제작하는 방법에 관한 것이다. 본 발명에 따른 3전극 탄소나노튜브 FED의 제작방법에 있어서, 대면적 기판위에 캐소드로 사용되는 금속막을 증착시킨 후, 상기 금속막위에 저온에서 절연박막을 형성시킨 다음, 상기 절연박막위에 게이트로 사용되는 금속막을 증착시킨 후, 이어서 상기 금속막위에 포토레지스트를 코팅시킨 후, 사진식각공정을 사용하여 상기 금속막에 미세한 구멍을 형성시키고 이어서 상기 금속막의 하부에 있는 상기 절연박막에 미세한 구멍을 형성시켜 상기 절연박막의 하부에 있는 상기 금속막의 표면이 드러나게 한 후 포토레지스트를 제거한 다음, 상기 절연박막의 미세한 구멍에 액상의 전도성고분자를 집어넣은 후, 상기 미세한 구멍내로 탄소나노튜브를 집어넣은 후, 상기 액상의 고분자를 경화시켜 고체상태로 만든 후, 상기 게이트 금속막위에 스페이서를 설치한 후, 이어서 상기 스페이서위에 형광체와 투명전극이 부착된 글라스기판을 올려놓은 후, 진공으로 밀봉시켜 실장하는 것을 특징으로 한다. 따라서 본 발명에 의하면 제작방법이 간단하고 매우 낮은 동작전압에서 큰 방출전류를 얻을 수 있을 뿐만아니라 단위 면적당 매우 높은 방출탐침 밀도를 갖는 탄소나노튜브를 이용한 3전극 FED를 제작할 수 있다.
Patent KR-20010016826-A (KR)
Inventor: JANG HUI CHEOL
IPC: A61K47/00
Filed: 1999-08-04
Abstract: PURPOSE: An uncrystalline cefuroxime axetil solid dispersant, its producing method, and an oral composition containing the same are provided, thereby the uncrystalline cefuroxime axetil solid dispersant having high bioavailability and the improved stability can be produced. CONSTITUTION: The uncrystalline cefuroxime axetil solid dispersant contains 100 weight parts of cefuroxime axetil, 1 to 50 weight parts of surfactant, and 1 to 200 weight parts of water-insoluble inorganic carrier, and optionally contains 100 weight parts of water-soluble additive, in which the surfactant is polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer, polyoxyethylene-sorbitan-fatty acid ester, or the mixture thereof; the water-insoluble inorganic carrier is silicone carbon dioxide; the water-soluble additive is crystallite cellulose, cross-linked povidone, cross-linked carboxylmethylcellulose sodium or the mixture thereof.
Patent KR-20010017131-A (KR)
Inventor: LIM JI HYEON
Filed: 1999-08-09
Abstract: PURPOSE: An online auction method is provided to enable a user, participating in an internet auction or a real estate auction, to input a wanted purchase price only once, and to make a successful bid at a proper price so that it can enhance an auction efficiency. CONSTITUTION: The method comprises steps of a user selecting an auction product(S100), the user setting a limit purchase price(S200), a user terminal obtaining an average time in response to a signal transmitted to a server(S300), an auction time decision module calculating a betting time for buying the selected product according to the average time(S400), the server determining if the prices of the product, accepted at the auction server system, is under the limit purchase price(S500), the server continuously accepting an auction request signals while the auction price is under the limit purchase price(S600), and the server transmitting a successful bid signal to the user in the case that the accepted price arrives at the limit price(S700,S800).
Patent KR-20010025984-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM DONG YUN
IPC: H01L21/288
Filed: 1999-09-02
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing a spacer of a semiconductor device is provided to guarantee a uniformity of an etch rate in a central portion and an edge portion of a semiconductor substrate and to reduce the number of defective bits, by anisotropically etching a nitride layer within a range from zero gauss to 20 gauss to form a spacer on a sidewall of a conductive layer pattern. CONSTITUTION: A conductive layer pattern composed of a conductive layer and a mask layer is formed on a semiconductor substrate. A nitride layer for a spacer is formed on the resultant structure. The nitride layer is anisotropically etched within a range from 0 gauss to 20 gauss to form a spacer on a sidewall of the conductive layer pattern.
Patent KR-20010027400-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE EUN GYEONG
IPC: F23C7/06
Filed: 1999-09-13
Abstract: PURPOSE: A gas burner with an air passage converter is provided to generate flame having uniform temperature along length of the flame by heating combustible air through recovering waste heat from discharged gas from a furnace. CONSTITUTION: A radiation gas burner is composed of an air supply assembly(110) having an air supply pipe(114) connected with an air supply chamber(112); an air passage converter(120) connected with the air supply assembly to convert air and discharged gas passages; a heat storage assembly(130) connected with the air passage converter while having a passage to discharge gas by the air passage converter and while recovering the waste heat from exhaust gas; a radiation pipe(140) connected with the heat storage assembly and heated by combustion flame; and an igniter assembly(150) extended along central axes of the air supply assembly, the air passage converter, the heat storage assembly, and the radiation pipe for being movably fixed by the air supply assembly and the heat storage assembly. Moreover, gas and air mixture are burned in the radiation pipe. In combustion, the flame with regular temperature distribution along length of the radiation pipe is generated in the radiation pipe.
Patent KR-20010028545-A (KR)
Title: Internet point lottery
Inventor: LIM JONG MIN
Filed: 1999-09-21
Abstract: PURPOSE: An internet point lottery is provided to increase the ratio of winning numbers, and to purchase a lottery with bonus points of a card by providing a lottery which enables a user to hit a score, a winning team or a winning player in various sports. CONSTITUTION: A plurality of prize winners can draw a winning number among participating people. Therefore, many people substantially receive premiums. An internet point lottery isn't provided to a user by enabling the user to look at an internet commercial. The user can use the lottery by being connected with bonus points of user's card. The user can't purchase the internet lottery in cash. Reserve points can be interchanged with a regular prize.
Patent KR-20010036422-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE JONG SEOK
IPC: H01L23/32
Filed: 1999-10-08
Abstract: PURPOSE: A socket used for a ball grid array type integrated circuit is provided to simplify an insertion of contacts assembled in a contact guide. CONSTITUTION: A semiconductor integrated circuit such as a ball grid array is loaded in the socket. The socket includes a body, which receives the integrated circuit therein, the plurality of contacts touched with the integrated circuit, and the contact guide(100) assembled under the body to guide the contacts. The contact guide(100) has a plurality of guide holes(101) centrally formed therein. Each guide hole(101) has a rectangular shape, and further, each contact inserted into the guide hole(101) has a rectangular shape. In particular, the guide hole(101) has a relatively wide upper part and a relatively narrow lower part, so that the insertion of the contact can be simplified.
Patent KR-20010037501-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM GI JUNG
IPC: E01D19/04
Filed: 1999-10-18
Abstract: PURPOSE: A bridge seat for deflection is provided to fulfill functions properly by preventing a bridge seat from locating at the center of transformation, to be able to correct any deflection easily and correctly, and to install simply and exactly. CONSTITUTION: A bridge seat for deflection comprises; an upper plate(31) installed with many anchor bolts(34) laid in a floor slab of a bridge; a lower plate(32) installed with many anchor bolts laid in a pier; a buffer spacer(33) interposed between the upper and lower plates(31,32) to withstand a compressive force and internal stress; a bridge seat moving mechanism(4) provided with a cylinder(41), a cylinder block(42) attached to the outer circumference of the cylinder and a holding block(44) attached to the front end of a rod(43) of the cylinder; fitting grooves(311) formed on both sides of the upper plate to fix one of the blocks respectively; and fitting grooves(321) formed on both sides of the lower plate to fix one of the blocks respectively.
Patent KR-20010037568-A (KR)
Inventor: YANG JIN SEOK
IPC: H04M3/22
Filed: 1999-10-18
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for managing a memory in an exchange is provided to improve system execution performance by splitting a memory block into small segments and connecting them one another so that searching for memory segments can be eliminated in memory allocation and release. CONSTITUTION: In case that a memory allocation request is generated(S10), the connection of the first memory segment a head pointer indicates is cut off with a single connection list so as respond to the request(S12). The header pointer indicates the memory connected to the allocated memory(S14). In case that a memory release request is generated(S16), a temporary variable pointer indicates the memory segment the header pointer indicates(S18). The header pointer indicates the memory requested for release(S20). A memory segment to be released indicates the memory segment which the temporary variable pointer indicates(S22).
Patent KR-20010046323-A (KR)
Inventor: CHOI JIN SIK
IPC: H01L21/336
Filed: 1999-11-11
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing silicide of a metal-oxide-semiconductor type field effect transistor(MOSFET) is provided to prevent a bridge between a gate electrode and a source/drain, by effectively eliminating the silicide formed on the sidewall of the gate electrode. CONSTITUTION: Upper and lower insulating layers(15,16) having different characteristics regarding a wet cleaning process are deposited on a semiconductor substrate(11) having a gate electrode(12,13) and a source/drain(17). The upper and lower insulating layers are etched back to form a sidewall having the upper insulating layer in a predetermined region of the surface of the lower insulating layer(15). A metal thin film(18) for forming silicide(19) is deposited on the entire surface of the semiconductor substrate. A heat treatment is performed regarding the semiconductor substrate to form the silicide by an interfacial reaction between silicon and the metal thin film on the surface of the gate electrode and the source/drain. The semiconductor substrate is wet-cleaned to eliminate the upper insulating layer on the remaining metal thin film and the sidewall not used for forming the silicide.
Patent KR-20000062209-A (KR)
Inventor: BANG JEONG HO
IPC: G01R1/073
Filed: 1999-12-18
Abstract: PURPOSE: A socket for electrical testing a ball grid array(BGA) package is to prevent a solder ball from being damaged by interconnecting an external connecting terminal of the BGA package and a tester. CONSTITUTION: A socket for electrical testing a BGA package comprises a flat socket board(116) having a number of pins(118) to be connected to a tester channel in a one by one, an intermediate connecting portion consisting of a pressure conductive rubber contacted with the pins of the socket board, a mesh(121) of insulation material, positioned on the intermediate connection portion, for determining a laying position of an external connecting terminal, and an alignment member(122), provided the intermediate connection portion and an edge of the mesh, for fixing and supporting the portion and the mesh. The socket further comprises a contact for contacting the external terminal with the intermediate portion through the mesh.
Patent KR-20010063293-A (KR)
Inventor: CHO SEONG HYEON
IPC: G02F1/1368
Filed: 1999-12-22
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device is provided to improve the productivity and to reduce the manufacturing cost by reducing the number of photo processes. CONSTITUTION: An ITO metal layer and MoW metal layer are sequentially deposited on a transparent insulating substrate(1). Then, the MoW metal layer and the ITO metal layer are patterned, thereby forming a counter electrode(2), a gate line(3) and a common electrode line(4). A gate insulating layer(5) is deposited on an entire surface of the transparent insulating substrate(1). After depositing undoped amorphous silicon layer and a doped amorphous silicon layer on the gate insulating layer(5), the undoped amorphous silicon layer and the doped amorphous silicon layer are patterned, thereby forming an ohmic contact layer(7) and a channel layer(6). After depositing a metal layer on the transparent insulating substrate, the metal layer is patterned, thereby forming a data line. Then, a protective layer(9) is deposited on the resulted structure. A contact hole(10) for exposing a source/drain electrode(8) is formed by etching the protective layer(9). Then, a pixel electrode(11) is formed by patterning an ITO metal layer.
Patent KR-20010065312-A (KR)
Inventor: RA JONG RAE
IPC: F25B15/00
Filed: 1999-12-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: A refrigerant flow amount control apparatus for absorption liquid chiller is provided to prevent damage to the refrigerant pump by controlling flow amount of the refrigerant being discharged from the refrigerant tank. CONSTITUTION: An absorption liquid chiller includes a flow amount control valve(140) arranged at a discharge side pipe(120) of a refrigerant pump. The flow amount control valve is a float valve including an opening/closing plate(141) mounted to be rotatable within the discharge side pipe of the refrigerant pump and which adjusts the refrigerant amount discharged through the discharge side pipe; a connection rod(142) having an end connected to the opening/closing plate, and which selectively rotates the opening/closing plate; and a float ball(143) connected to the other end of the connection rod, and which floats in accordance with the amount of refrigerant contained in the refrigerant tank. Stoppers(121,122) are formed at the outer periphery of the discharge side pipe so as to restrict movement of the connection rod in vertical direction.
Patent KR-20010058765-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE UI HO
IPC: H04B1/38
Filed: 1999-12-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for inputting a Hangul(Korean) character in a mobile communication terminal is provided to present a consonant list and a vowel list having a table type on a screen of the terminal, and thereby allow a user to input the Hangul character conveniently using a direction key on the terminal. CONSTITUTION: A user operates a menu provided by the terminal and thereby enters a Hangul character input mode(S1). A microprocessor recognizes the Hangul character input mode, and thus provides a letter table on the screen of the terminal(S2). The user operates the direction key in order to input a desired letter of the letter table(S3). The microprocessor checks whether a key for selecting a consonant placed under a vowel is pressed(S4). If the key for selecting the consonant placed under the vowel is pressed, a table of the key for the same is illustrated on the screen of the terminal(S5). A user inputs a desired key of the consonant placed under the vowel by operating the direction key(S6).
Patent KR-20010058844-A (KR)
Inventor: JUNG SEONG MO
IPC: H01L21/68
Filed: 1999-12-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: A chuck apparatus for supporting a wafer is provided to prevent a damage of an electrostatic chuck due to a plasma etching process by using a protection device. CONSTITUTION: An electrostatic chuck(51) supports a wafer(W') by using a vacuum absorption method. An inner focus ring(53) is installed around the electrostatic chuck(51) in order to protect an outer face of the electrostatic chuck(51). A protection portion protects the electrostatic chuck(51) from a plasma etching process. A plurality of vacuum hole is formed on the electrostatic chuck(51) in order to generate an absorbing power for the wafer(W'). The protection portion is installed between the electrostatic chuck(51) and the inner focus ring(53). The protection portion has a protection ring(55) formed with a ceramic material.
Patent KR-20000057133-A (KR)
Inventor: BUSNOT SYLVAIN
IPC: C09D7/61
Filed: 1997-11-10
Abstract: PURPOSE: A use of a beta rare earth sulfide as colouring pigment and its method of preparation are provided. CONSTITUTION: A beta rare earth sulfide is used, the rare earth being lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, samarium or neodymium. The sulfide consists of whole crystallites, said crystallites forming medium-sized aggregates of not more than 1.5 mu m. The method of preparation of this rare earth sulfide is characterized in that a rare earth compound is reacted with at least one sulfidizing gas selected among hydrogen sulfide or carbon sulfide. The pigment can be part of compositions of the following types: plastic, paint, surface coating, rubber, ceramic, glazing, paper, ink, cosmetic products, dyes, leather, laminated coating or other types of compositions with a base of at least one mineral binder or obtained therefrom.
Patent KR-20000070746-A (KR)
Title: 액상 수성 세정 조성물
IPC: C11D1/90
Filed: 1998-01-28
Abstract: 본 발명은 과산소 표백제 0.01 내지 20중량%(전체 조성물을 기준으로 함), 에톡시화 비이온성 계면활성제 0.001 내지 30중량%(전체 조성물을 기존으로 함) 및 쯔비터이온성 베타인 계면활성제 0.001 내지 20중량%, (여기서, 에톡시화 비이온성 계면활성제 대 쯔비터이온성 베타인 계면활성제의 중량비는 0.01 대 20이다) 또는 이들의 활성제 또는 이들의 혼합물을 포함하는 pH 7 이하의 액상 조성물(단, 조성물은 항균성 필수 오일이 유리되어 있다)에 관한 것이다.  이러한 조성물은 각종 비생물성 표면에 대하여 개선된 얼룩 제거 성능과 개선된 표백 성능을 제공하기에 적합하다.
Patent KR-20000076037-A (KR)
Title: 잡음 경감 장치 및 잡음 경감 방법
IPC: G10L15/20
Filed: 1998-12-07
Abstract: 잡음 프레임에의, 또는, 잡음 프레임으로부터의 이동이 빈번하고, 프레임마다 스펙트럼이 일부 주파수에 편향되어 있어도, 불쾌 잔류 잡음이 적은 잡음 경감 방법을 얻는다.  소정의 프레임 길이로 잘린 입력 신호를 직교 변환하여 얻은 진폭 스펙트럼으로부터 추정 잡음 진폭 스펙트럼을 스펙트럼 서브트렉션·필터에 의해 감산하여 출력을 얻는 스펙트럼 서브트렉션 잡음 경감 방법에 있어서, 상기 스펙트럼 서브트렉션·필터의 감산율을 상기 추정 잡음 진폭 스펙트럼에 따라서 가변으로 하여 진폭 조정 필터부(6)를 구비한다.  상기 진폭 조정 필터부(6)는 프레임마다 스펙트럼 서브트렉션·필터에 의한 감산 출력에, 진폭 스펙트럼(9)의 파워와 추정 잡음 진폭 스펙트럼(10)의 파워로 정해지는 진폭 조정 계수를 곱하여 소요 출력을 얻는다.
Patent KR-20010005934-A (KR)
Title: 계층적 코딩에 사용하기 위한 저장 장치 및 기록 및 판독 방법
IPC: G11C7/00
Filed: 1999-02-03
Abstract: 지연 회로를 사용하지 않고 계층적 코딩을 수행하는 장치 및 방법은 영상을 저장하는 메모리와 분리적으로 배열된다.  하나의 제 2 층 픽셀이 2×2 제 1 층 픽셀로부터 형성되는 경우에, 하나의 제 2 층 픽셀을 형성하기 위해 사용된 2×2 제 1 층 픽셀중 3개는 최종 입력 픽셀이 입력될 때 제 1 층 메모리로부터 판독된다.  상기 3개의 픽셀 판독은 그로부터 합을 계산하는 가산기에 공급되고 상기 합값을 가산기-감산기에 공급한다.  상기 가산기-감산기는 하나의 제 2 층 픽셀을 얻도록 가산기로부터의 합값과 최종 입력 픽셀의 합을 계산한다.  그러한 제 2 층 픽셀은 그내에 저장된 제 2 층 메모리에 공급된다.  상기 최종 입력 픽셀은 제 1 층 메모리에 저장되지 않는다.
Patent KR-20010006166-A (KR)
IPC: D01F11/16
Filed: 1998-04-01
Abstract: 본 발명은 선행 기술서 가능한 것보다 더 단시간 내에 더 낮은 산소 농도에서 보다 고온에서 피치 섬유를 열경화하는 방법을 제공한다.  추가로, 본 발명은 섬유 중심부로의 산소 확산율이 섬유의 표면에서의 산화율에 필적하는 피치 섬유를 제공한다.  추가로, 본 발명은 섬유 구조의 손실 없이 열경화된 고밀도 피치 섬유 속솜을 제공한다.
Patent KR-20010006390-A (KR)
IPC: C07D495/04
Filed: 1998-04-15
Abstract: The present invention provides tricyclic compounds which are useful for the treatment of pollakiuria and urinary incontinence and which are represented by general formula (I): <CHEM> (wherein R<1> represents hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, etc.; X<1>-X<2>-X<3> represents CR<5>=CR<6>-CR<7>=CR<8> (wherein R<5>, R<6>, R<7> and R<8>, which may be the same or different, each represents hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, hydroxy, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkoxy, etc.), N(O)m=CR<5>-CR<6>-CR<7> (wherein R<5>, R<6> and R<7> have the same significances as defined above, and m represents 0 or 1), S-CR<7>=CR<8> (wherein R<7> and R<8> have the same significances as defined above), etc.; and when R<2> represents hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkoxy, a substituted or unsubstituted N-substituted heterocyclic group, <CHEM> (wherein n is 0 or 1; R<3> and R<4>, which may be the same or different, each represents hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, trifluoromethyl, etc., or R<3> and R<4> may be combined together to form cyclic alkyl; and Q represents hydroxy, halogen, etc.), etc., Y represents -CH2SO2-, -SCH2-, -SOCH2-, -SO2CH2-, etc.) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
Patent KR-20010020310-A (KR)
IPC: A61L27/00
Filed: 1997-11-06
Abstract: The invention relates to an implant having a base body which can be implanted in bone matter, and which has a blind hole open towards its coronal end for lodging an implant support. The invention is characterized in that, lengthwise, the base body comprises a first section which forms the cervical end of the base body, and a second section adjacent to the coronal end of the first section, in which second section the outer diameter expands in the direction of the coronal end of the base body. The outer diameter of the first section does not change in respect of the longitudinal direction of the base body, or changes less than in the second section, and the first section has no screw thread.