Patent GB-788633-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to piles
IPC: E02D5/62
Filed: 1956-03-16
Abstract: 788,633. Piles. MUELLER, L. March 16, 1956 [March 28, 1955; April 5, 1955], No. 8242/56. Addition to 770,612. Class 68(2) A pile of the kind described in the parent Specification comprising a hollow shaft and a wedge shaped foot secured to its lower end whose cross sectional area is greater than that of the shaft so that when it is driven a hollow space is created around the shaft, the foot being formed at its upper end with outlet openings providing a passage into the hollow space for concrete which is forced at high pressure down said shaft is characterized in that the concrete. instead of being introduced through the hollow shaft, is passed through pipes arranged on the outside of the pile. A steel and concrete pile, Fig. 1. comprises a reinforcement consisting of four round steel bars 30 having a steel rod 31 spirally wound thereon which. with annular intermediate pieces such as 32, 34. are set in concrete, a head plate 33 being fixed to the upper intermediate piece 32, and the lower intermediate piece 34. being welded to a steel displacing foot 3 having a shoe 2. Two clearance lugs 37, Fig. 3, are arranged laterally of the displacing foot 3, bow-shaped clearance lugs 35 being welded at intervals to the bars 30 to support and guide concrete supply pipes 36 which, during the ramming operation, are passed through the lugs 35 and led down to project into the foot 3, their upper ends being left to project above the head plate 33. After the pile has been driven to the required depth the pipes 36 are filled with compressed concrete and are gradually withdrawn up the pile shaft until the latter is completely surrounded by concrete. A packing gland of the kind described in the parent Specification is then fastened to the head plate 33. In an embodiment, Fig. 8. the pile, formed as a pipe for an artesian well, comprises a steel tube 41 secured at its lower end to a foot 3 and having a shoe 2 covered by a top plate 42. Several small bores 43 are located in the plate 42 to allow entry of water into the foot 3, the shaft tube 41 being provided at intervals with rows of circumferentially spaced bores 44 covered by clearing lugs 45 having small holes 46 through which subsoil water can penetrate. The shaft 41 is welded at its upper end to a tube 47 which is of thinner wall section and has a head piece 48 fixed to its upper end. A funnel-shaped packing member 49 is welded adjacent the joint of the tubes 41 and 47 and is supported against the tube 47 by web plates, not shown, which divide the cylindrical space 51 into four parts which, after the introduction the concrete inlet pipes 36 but before the driving of the pile, are filled e.g. with hemp, or course tow. Concrete is first forced through the pipes 36 without lifting them away, the hemp, or tow, filling being lifted to form a further packing around the tube 47 as it is penetrated by liquid concrete. The pipes 36 are then gradually. or intermittently, withdrawn, thus only the upper part 47 of the pile shaft is jacketed with concrete, the shaft 41. through which water is to be drawn from the ground, being left exposed to collect water. In a further embodiment, Fig. 11, the pile designed for blasting at considerable depths, has a foot 3 fixed to the lower end of a strong walled pile shaft 41 whichis closed at its lower end by a plug 52 and at its upper end by a head piece 48 having a cover 53 welded to it. Groups of clearing lugs 35 are, provided at intervals along the whole length of the shaft 41, the concrete supply pipes being led through them during the driving operation. The forcing out of concrete then takes place as for the previous embodiments. In another arrangement, Fig. 14, a foot 3, having a shoe 2, is attached by means of an angle member 64 to the lower end of a steel beam-like pile 61, steel plate clearing lugs 6fi, 66 being welded, or screwed, on to the web of the pile. The lugs 65, 66 are supported respectively against opposite sides of the pile by stays 67, 68. Concrete supply pipes 69 are lightly clamped, e.g. by small blocks, in the clearing lugs 65, 66. A number of piles 61 may be interconnected and encased in concrete to form pile sheeting. If such pile sheeting is driven in water, and if the concrete jacket has to be applied even while standing in water covering the ground, the sheet steel casings are set up in the ground in front of the pile sheeting on the side to be subsequently exposed to the water, and the hollow cavity between said sheet steel casings and the pile sheeting, similarly to the hollow cavity in the ground itself, is filled with concrete under a lower pressure by means of concrete supply pipes 69. The water standing in, and above, the hollow cavity in the ground, when the piles are driven into the water, is displaced upwardly and forwardly by the heavier concrete, without mingling therewith, if care is exercised in compressing the concrete. Similarly piles of box-like construction and sheetings which are combinations of beam-like piles may be driven in if fitted with earth displacing feet.