Patent GB-671648-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to compositions containing chlorine-containing polymeric substances
IPC: C08J3/215
Filed: 1948-10-20
Abstract: Chlorine-containing polymers are stabilized in aqueous dispersion, without coagulation, by mixing therewith an aqueous solution containing a water-soluble non-electrolyte organic heat stabilizer and an emulsifying agent.  Specified polymeric substances are polymers of vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride and chlorotrifluoroethylene and copolymers of these compounds with each other and with other unsaturated substances, e.g. vinyl acetate and dialkyl fumarates; polymers and copolymers of 2-chlorobutadiene; and after-chlorinated polymers and copolymers of vinyl esters and ethers and of acrylic compounds such as methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile.  Suitable stabilizers are semi-carbazide and its condensation derivatives, combinations of ethylene oxide derivatives such as glycidol, phenoxypropylene oxide and o-cresoxy-propylene oxide with alkaline substances such as sodium carbonate, benzylamine, piperidine, pyridine, urea, urea oxalate, methyl urea, beta-hydroxyethyl urea, N-phenyl urea, thiourea, methyl, diethyl, monophenyl and diphenyl thiourea, alanine, salicylanilide, phenylglycine amide, thiophenol, resorcinol, dicyandiamide, glucose and polydioxolane.  The amount of stabilizer is preferably 0.5 to 3 per cent of the polymer.  The emulsifying agents, which are preferably used in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0 per cent of the polymer, include sulphonation or sulphation products of long chain hydrocarbons, naphthalene-formaldehyde condensation products and castor oil (e.g. turkey red oil), and soluble salts thereof, the ammonium salt of sulphated oleic acid, the sodium salt of sulphated methyl oleate and alkylated naphthalene sulphonates.  The dispersion may also be mixed with a solution of an electrolyte heat-stabilizer and an emulsifying agent as described in Specification 622,511, preferably by adding one solution containing both stabilizers and the emulsifying agent.  Examples of electrolyte stabilizers, which may also be used in an amount of 0.5 to 3 per cent of the polymer, are sodium and ammonium carbonates, sodium and potassium bicarbonates, sodium borate, sulphide, silicate, acetate, stearate and metaphosphate and trisodium phosphate.  The stabilized dispersions may be spray-dried or coagulated or used in coating applications, e.g. in the manufacture of leather cloth.  The powdered polymeric material may be compounded with plasticizers, e.g. dibutyl, di-2-ethylhexyl and dinonyl phthalates, tricresyl phosphate and dibutyl sebacate, extenders such as chlorinated paraffin waxes, fillers such as lampblack, chalk, asbestos, bentonite, cork meal and pigments.  Before or after isolating, other heat stabilizers may be added.  These include alkaline earth metal carbonates, oxides, hydroxides and salts of weak organic acids, e.g. calcium stearate, mercaptides, ethylene oxide derivatives, e.g. glycidyl esters, the lead, sodium and zinc derivatives of 2 : 4-dihydroxyquinoline, lead and tin tetraphenyls, tin tetrapropyl, lead triphenyl chloride, tin triphenyl hydroxide, diphenyl lead oleate, di-(tributyl tin) maleate, tributyl lead stearate, dibutyl tin maleate, butyl acetyl ricinoleate, butyl salicylate, diethoxy ethyl sebacate, triethyl aconitate, cinchonidine, a -pyridyl ethylene, quinoline and quinaldine. Specifications 388,309, 410,837, 418,230, 450,856, 451,723, 454,232, 485,000, [Group V], 500,298, 515,582, 526,345, 536,297, 540,127, 542,141, 570,330, 580,078, 591,611, 602,312, 622,511 and 671,647 are referred to.  The Provisional Specification describes the use of other water-soluble organic heat stabilizers, e.g. ethylamine, amylamine, hexamine, triethanolamine, glycine, p-aminobenzoic acid, anthranilic acid, aniline-m-sulphonic acid, ethylene oxide, and thioglycollic acid.