baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent IT-1244661-B (IT)
Title: Sistema di levata in una macchina di stiro e di torcitura.
Inventor: SUZUKI KAZUYOSHI
IPC: D01H9/04
Filed: 1991-03-13
Granted: 1994-08-08
Abstract: Un sistema di levata in cui quando la levata viene inabilitata per un carrello di levata in comune ad una fila di due o più macchine di stiro e di torcitura, la levata può essere assistita da un operatore per mantenere il rendimento operativo del carrello di levata ad un alto livello. Il sistema di levata include un dispositivo di controllo per prevedere un prossimo tempo di levata di ciascuna macchina di stiro e di torcitura per comandare lo spostamento del carrello di levata e discriminare le che inabilitano la levata.
Patent IT-1250960-B (IT)
Title: Device for improving the brake system of a go-cart
Inventor: MANCINI FRANCESCO
IPC: B60T/
Filed: 1991-12-13
Granted: 1995-04-24
Abstract: To mount a pair of disc brakes on the rear axle of a go- cart, on opposite sides relative to the centre line of the wheels, one uses a pair of anchoring plates 4 which make it possible to mount the grips or jaws 12 of the disc brakes on the supports 6 of the bearings 7 of the rear axle 8 of the go-cart and which utilise, for the fastening to said supports 6, a series of holes 16, 18 lined up with the holes receiving the locking bolts 15 of the bearings 7 on said supports 6. There are provided tilting plates 4 able to allow the bending of the portion of axle contained between the support 6 and the support 14 of the wheel, even if the disc brake 12, 13 is mounted in said position. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1261191-B (IT)
Title: Process for the production of bumps in conductive polymer material having a double polymerisation cycle (B-stage) and product obtained with the said process
IPC: H01L/
Filed: 1993-02-22
Granted: 1996-05-09
Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of bumps in conductive polymer material having a double polymerisation cycle (B-stage) comprising the stages of depositing bumps of "B-staged" epoxy adhesive of suitable height using a standard technique alongside the electrical contacts on a whole wafer or on a single chip; subjecting the epoxy adhesive to heat treatment; applying a protective film to the adhesive which protects it from environmental contamination due to dust, moisture, etc.; storing the product so obtained in a controlled temperature and humidity environment; removing the protective film when the chip has to be connected to the circuit and aligning the chip on the circuit; subjecting the whole to secondary heat treatment at the end of which the chip will be electrically and mechanically connected to the circuit and the adhesive will be completely polymerised; and protecting the product so obtained with an encapsulating resin. The invention also relates to products obtained with the procedure described. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1271884-B (IT)
Title: Coloranti azoici e prodotti intermedi, loro preparazione e loro impiego come coloranti.
Inventor: BERENGUER BARRA JORDI
IPC: C09B29/033
Filed: 1994-03-15
Granted: 1997-06-09
Abstract: L'invenzione riguarda un procedimento per la preparazione di coloranti azoici e di loro derivati per reazioni di diazotazione e di copulazione ed eventualmente altre reazioni di modificazione, procedimento secondo cui un componente (M) che è un composto di formula (FORMULA I) in cui i simboli hanno significati variati, viene impiegato come componente di copulazione e/o - sotto forma non acilata - come componente di diazotazione.Questi composti vengono impiegati per la tintura delle pelli e pellicce.
Patent IT-1273027-B (IT)
Title: "elemento di lamiera autoportante e di finitura per realizzare coperture e/o controsoffittature"
Inventor: MELUZZI STEFANO
IPC: E04B7/22
Filed: 1994-08-03
Granted: 1997-07-01
Abstract: L'invenzione riguarda un elemento di lamiera (1) autoportante e di finitura per realizzare coperture e/o controsoffittature, avente una superficie inferiore (2) finita e superiormente una pluralità di elementi (3) aggettanti o nervature longitudinali di rinforzo.
Patent IT-1257954-B (IT)
Title: Gruppo motopropulsore per veicolo a trazione ibrida.
Inventor: LUPO GIORGIO
IPC: B60K/
Filed: 1992-12-28
Granted: 1996-02-19
Abstract: Un gruppo motopropulsore per veicolo a trazione ibrida comprende un motore elettrico (9), un motore termico (3) ed un gruppo cambio di velocità (15) interposto fra il motore elettrico (9) ed il motore termico (3). Al gruppo cambio (15) sono inoltre associati mezzi di innesto (27, 29) per consentire l'erogazione della potenja da parte del motore elettrico (9) e/o del motore termico (3) al cambio (15), mezzi di, comando (47, 49, 55, 57, 71, 77) della variazione del rapporto di trasmissione del gruppo cambio (15) ed un organo di trasmissione (17) collegato alle ruote motrici del veicolo. Il motore elettrico (9) ed il motore termico (3), il gruppo cambio (15) e l'organo di trasmissione (17) sono racchiusi da un unico involucro (21).(Figura 1)
Patent IT-1261370-B (IT)
Title: Flexible bag for forming ice cubes and process for manufacturing it
Inventor: MASCONI LUCIANO
IPC: B29D/
Filed: 1993-12-06
Granted: 1996-05-20
Abstract: The bag comprises an entrant section having an aperture 15 through which it is filled with the liquid (L), and an adjacent section for forming the ice cubes 2, 3; 11-13; 17-19 in which are defined a plurality of intercommunicating receptacles or blisters 18, at least one of which communicates with the filling aperture 15. Between this aperture 15 and the ice cube-forming section is a device by way of a valve 4, 10, 16 which allows the liquid (L) to pass during filling from the filling aperture 15 through to the receptacles 18, and prevents this liquid (L) from passing from these receptacles 18 to the filling aperture 15 when these receptacles 18 are full. (Figure 2) <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1262067-B (IT)
Title: Scuretto persiana e telaio per scuretti persiane, per finestre e porte
Inventor: BETTIN GIANCARLO
IPC: E06B/
Filed: 1993-02-10
Granted: 1996-06-19
Abstract: Scuretto persiana per finestre e porte, del tipo ad anta imperniato con cardini laterali (5) per oscurare, almeno parzialmente, od impedire il passaggio dei raggi solari o la visualizzazione in una finestra e comportante una struttura telaio (8-6) di contenimento di listelli (1) imperniati alle rispettive estremità in contrapposizione (92) entro detto telaio (8) e ruotabili mediante meccanismo di comando orientamento, caratterizzato del fatto che detti listelli (1) sono imperniati non centralmente ma su un loro rispettivo bordo laterale (92),ossia sostanzialmente a bandiera. (Fig. 1)
Patent ME-00159-B (ME)
Inventor: SKUBALLA WERNER
Filed: 2003-03-29
Abstract: Pronalazak se odnosi na Honolin-i Izohinolin-derivate opšte formule I, postupak za njihovo dobijanje i njihovu primenu kao supresora zapaljenja.
Patent PT-103438-B (PT)
Title: Dispositivo de ancoragem para tectos
Inventor: CENTENO ROBERTO PRINCIPE
IPC: E04B9/20
Filed: 2006-02-21
Abstract: DISPOSIÇÃO DE ANCORAGEM PARA TECTOS QUE CONSISTE EM PEÇAS DE FIXAÇÃO CONFIGURADAS PARA A INSTALAÇÃO DE TECTOS SUSPENSOS, AJUSTÁVEIS OU SEMI-DIRECTOS OU OUTRO TIPO DE INSTALAÇÕES, CONSTITUINDO-SE EM PONTOS DE FIXAÇÃO DOS MESMOS, SITUANDO-SE O ELEMENTO DE ANCORAGEM NAS PESTANAS E REBAIXAMENTO DAS PEÇAS ENTRE VIGAS QUE CONFORMAM AS NERVURAS DA LAJE, ONDE, UMA VEZ VERTIDO O BETÃO NO CONJUNTO, FICAM IMOBILIZADAS, ALINHADAS E PREPARADAS PARA FIXAR MEDIANTE VERGUINHAS (10) ROSCADAS OU OUTROS DISPOSITIVOS DIVERSOS QUALQUER TIPO DE INSTALAÇÃO SUSPENSA.
Patent PT-103859-B (PT)
Title: Canula anti obstipação
Inventor: REBELO JOAQUIM ANTONIO FERREIR
IPC: A61M3/02
Filed: 2007-10-21
Abstract: A CANULA ANTI OBSTIPAÇÃO É UM APARELHO MÉDICO QUE INTRODUZIDO NO RECTO E, PENETRANDO NO CHAMADO ROLHÃO DE OBSTIPAÇÃO ORIGINADO PELAS FEZES, DESOBSTRUI O INTESTINO NA SUA FASE TERMINAL DEIXANDO LIVRE DE QUALQUER ENTRAVE A ZONA DO ESFINCTER E DO RECTO.
Patent PT-104187-B (PT)
Title: Novos complexos de paládio com bis (pirrolidinilideno) ftalamidas e di-hidropirrolol-iminoisoindolinonas, e sua aplicação como catalisadores em reacções de acoplamento de suzuki-miyaura
Inventor: POMBEIRO ARMANDO JOSE LATOURRE
IPC: B01J23/44
Filed: 2008-09-25
Abstract: A INVENÇÃO REFERE-SE A NOVOS TIPOS DE COMPLEXOS DE PALÁDIO (II) COM BIS(PIRROLIDINILIDENO) FTALAMIDAS (1) E DI-HIDROPIRROLIL-IMINOISOINDOLINONAS (2), AOS MÉTODOS DA SUA PREPARAÇÃO, E AO SEU USO COMO CATALISADORES EFICIENTES EM REACÇÕES DE ACOPLAMENTO CRUZADO DO TIPO SUZUKI-MIYAURA PARA A PREPARAÇÃO DE COMPOSTOS BIARILOS, COM ELEVADO RENDIMENTO E SELECTIVIDADE.
Patent PT-105405-B (PT)
Title: Processo e aparelho de congelação em pratos para obtenção de matrizes de gelo com distribuição de solutos uniforme
Inventor: FERNANDES VÍTOR MANUEL GERALDES
IPC: A23L3/37
Filed: 2010-11-26
Abstract: ESTA INVENÇÃO CONSISTE NUM PROCESSO DE CONGELAÇÃO CONTROLADO E NUM APARELHO QUE VISA ATENUAR O EFEITO DE CRIOCONCENTRAÇÃO DOS SOLUTOS, QUE OCORRE DURANTE A CONGELAÇÃO DE SOLUÇÕES AQUOSAS, ATRAVÉS DE UM MÉTODO DE CONGELAÇÃO QUE PERMITE CONTROLAR A VELOCIDADE E DIRECÇÃO DA INTERFACE ENTRE AS FASES SÓLIDA E LÍQUIDA DE FORMA A INCORPORAR UNIFORMEMENTE OS SOLUTOS NA MATRIZ DE GELO. ESTA INVENÇÃO TEM APLICAÇÕES NA INDÚSTRIA FARMACÊUTICA, ALIMENTAR E NA INDÚSTRIA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO E COMERCIALIZAÇÃO DE TECNOLOGIA CRIOGÉNICA.
Patent PT-116924-B (PT)
Title: Processo para a obtenção de um composto de cortiça, polímeros termoplásticos e óxido de grafeno
Inventor: OCTÁVIO ADOLFO ROMÃO VIANA
IPC: C08L97/00
Filed: 2020-12-07
Abstract: O PRESENTE INVENTO REFERE-SE A UM PROCESSO PARA A OBTENÇÃO DE UM COMPOSTO DE CORTIÇA, POLÍMEROS TERMOPLÁSTICOS E ÓXIDO DE GRAFENO QUE COMPREENDE ADICIONAR ENTRE 0,25% A 5,25% (MASSA POR MASSA) DE ÓXIDO DE GRAFENO (1) E ENTRE 40% E 75% (MASSA POR MASSA) DE CORTIÇA (2) A POLÍMEROS TERMOPLÁSTICOS (3) POR INTERMÉDIO DE EXTRUSÃO NUMA MÁQUINA EXTRUSORA (4). EM VEZ DE ÓXIDO DE GRAFENO, OU COM ESTE, PODEM SER USADOS OUTROS NANOCOMPÓSITOS CONSTITUÍDOS POR GRAFENO. EM VEZ DE CORTIÇA, OU COM ESTA, PODE SER USADO PAPEL OU VIDRO OU OUTRA FORMA DE CELULOSE. ESTE COMPOSTO SERVE NO FABRICO DE EMBALAGENS, COPOS, GUARDANAPOS, TALHERES, SACOS, REDES, SOLAS DE SAPATOS, PNEUS, TAPETES E PEÇAS DE AUTOMÓVEIS, CONFERINDO A ESSAS PEÇAS MAIOR IMPERMEABILIDADE AO VAPOR DE ÁGUA E GASES E MELHOR PERFORMANCE AO NÍVEL DA FORÇA DE TRAÇÃO, FORÇA DE IMPACTO E DUREZA.
Patent RO-83384-B (RO)
Inventor: CHEADLE A BRIAN
IPC: C22C16/00
Filed: 1981-07-06
Abstract: Procedeul de fabricare a tuburilor din aliaj de zirconiu cu continut de 2,5-4% Sn, 0,5-1,5% Mo, 0,5-1,5%Nb si 800-1300 ppm oxigen, conform inventiei, prevede extruderea, la un raport cuprins între 4:1 si 15:1, a blocurilor de aliaj preîncalzite în intervalul de temperaturi de 627-927 degree C, urmata de tragere la rece si de detensionare finala. în scopul obtinerii unor produse cu o densitate de dislocare mai mica de 5x10 la puterea 4m la -2, o rezistenta la tractiune de minimum 48 kgf/mm2, o dilatarediametral maxima sub 2,5% si o alungire axiala maxima sub 1,5% în conditii echivalente de functionare de timp de 30 de ani într-un reactor de 600 MW, se efectueaza extruderea blocurilor de aliaj, de preferinta la un raport cuprins între 6:1 si 11:1 tragerea la rece a tuburilor extrudate în proportie de pîna la 50% si detensionarea finala în intervalul de temperaturi cuprinse între 377 si 827 degree C si, de preferinta, la circa 750 degree C timp de circa 30 min, proportia de tragere la rece a produselor extrudate si temperatura de detensionare fiind corelare pentru obtinerea unor produse de preferinta cu o alungire axiala în exploatare sub 0,5%, o dilatare diametrala în exploatarea sub 1 ,1% si o structura granulara alfa-echiaxiala.
Patent RO-86859-B (RO)
Inventor: CRAWFORD THOMAS CHARLES
IPC: C07D499/86
Filed: 1982-02-24
Abstract: Inventia se refera la un procedeu pentru prepararea unui biester al metandiolului cu derivati ai acidului penicilanic avînd formula generala I: (vezi formula) în care Y reprezinta H sau OH, iar catena laterala imidazolinica este detrivata din forma D a acidului alfa-aminofenilacetic, constînd din aceea ca un compus cu formula generala II: (vezi formula) în care Y are semnificatiile de mai sus si M reprezinta un cation de metal alcalin sau grupa -CH2-X în care X reprezinta un atom de halogen, se trateaza cu un compus cu formula generala III: (vezi formula) în care Q reprezinta -CH2-X în care X are semnificatiile de mai sus cînd M din formula II este un metal alcalin si Q reprezinta un metal alcalin cînd M din formula II este -CH2-X, reactia avînd loc la temperatura camerei, în prezenta unui solvent organic polar ales dintre dimetilformamida, metilpirolidina, dimetilsulfoxid, hexametilenfosforamida si acetona, de preferinta dimetilformamida.
Patent TW-197451-B (TW)
IPC: C08F2/00
Filed: 1991-11-14
Granted: 1993-01-01
Abstract: A method for preparing tapered block copolymers in a polymerization process by charging an initiator and monomers sequentially with one or more charges of first one of the monomers, then with a mixture of the two monomers, and then with one or more charges of the first monomer to produce a polymodal tapered block copolymer. Suitable monomers include conjugated dienes and monovinylaromatic compounds. The copolymers are particularly useful for applications requiring environmental stress crack resistance.
Patent TW-213966-B (TW)
IPC: E04C3/08
Filed: 1992-05-29
Granted: 1993-10-01
Abstract: A sheet metal structural member for use in the formation of a cast construction panel which member, in turn, comprises a sheet metal web defining a linear edge along one side, and a zig-zag edge along the other side, the zig-zag edge defining wider regions, and narrower regions between the wider regions, and the web extending in a generally triangular fashion from one narrower region through a wider region to the next narrower region, edge formations formed around the zig-zag edge portions of the web and, attachment devices at the apex of each of the wider portions of the web, which may be secured to a construction material. Also disclosed is a construction panel incorporating such structural members, and a method of fabricating such structural members in pairing, and a method of building construction utilizing such structural members.
Patent TW-198082-B (TW)
Inventor: KATO HIROYA
IPC: D06M/
Filed: 1992-06-26
Granted: 1993-01-11
Abstract: Scales and impurities adhered on an animal fiber can be removed by immersing the animal fiber in an aqueous bath containing inactive inorganic powder selected from the group consisting of ceramics and zirconium carbonate, and treating it with ultrasonic wave under the vibration number of 18 kilohertz, wherein the weight ratio of the inorganic powder and water is 5-80:100. In the method the animal fiber can be very efficiently improved in the staate of stably maintaining the feeling and properties of it. Further, since the method can be carried out with no use of specific chemicals, it is practical with no problem of environmental pollution.
Patent TW-240303-B (TW)
Title: Advertising system
Inventor: LIOU GUANG-HWA
IPC: G06Q30/00
Filed: 1993-05-07
Granted: 1995-02-11
Abstract: An interactive advertising system by which each advertiser can transmit some advertising message to one area, which includes: 1. one advertising information center consisting of server computer, the first control program and the first advertising message database; 2. multiple receiving unit, each of which including: (1) one electric data processing device with image display device and input device; (2) one private version of the second control program; (3) one private version of telephone book database; (4) one interactive searching device used for locking the contents of telephone book and presenting it on the image display device; 3. one data communication link; 4. one interface device used for sending some requested to write in items from the first advertising message database to the receiving unit through the data communication link response from the server computer.
Patent TW-326577-B (TW)
Title: Solid state motion picture device
Inventor: YAMANAKA HIDEO
IPC: H01L49/00
Filed: 1993-06-21
Granted: 1998-02-11
Abstract: A solid state motion picture device by use of resin base empty package, where the constituents of resin base empty package has carrier means of upper surface connected with resin base stand of solid state motion picture element, leads installed on the stand for connecting with the solid state motion picture element by bonding wires, and a cover connected onto the base stand and formed by surrounding the slid state motion picture element and opening recess in the lower part around the bonding wires, has characteristics: Inner lead of the leads used for exposing wire bonding area connected with the bonding wires on the base stand, inner lead portion except the wire bonding area buried in the base stand and bent in the base stand, outer lead of the wire bonding area extending from the inner lead portion buried in the base stand.
Patent TW-242589-B (TW)
Title: Method of fabricating two-piece scroll member by high pressure casting
Inventor: FANN YUAN-CHANG
IPC: B22D18/00
Filed: 1993-11-09
Granted: 1995-03-11
Abstract: A method of fabricating two-piece scroll member by high pressure casting, in which the scroll comprises a wrap and an end plate, the wrap is an involute wrap which extends outwardly from the center with uniform thickness and height throughout the whole length, one side of the end plate has a stub shaft and the other side is flat, the wrap protrudes from this flat surface with its root embedded in the end plate; the method comprises the following steps: (a) providing a pattern and pre-heating the pattern, in which the pattern comprises an upper mold and a lower mold, shape of the upper mold cavity follows the stub shaft, the lower mold cavity has groove with same shape as the spiral wrap; (b) providing a wrap and inserting the wrap into the lower mold after pre-heating the wrap to an appropriate temperature; (c) closing the upper mold and the lower mold to press the molten alloy into the mold cavity; (d) opening the pattern and removing the cast wrap after solidification of the alloy; (e) cooling the cast wrap in furnace or air after heat-treatment.
Patent TW-280846-B (TW)
Title: Stair mat
Inventor: KADOTANI KATSUYOSHI
IPC: A47G27/02
Filed: 1994-09-23
Granted: 1996-07-11
Abstract: A kind of mat for being laid out on stairs, characterized in: tthe stair mat being combined with sheets of cloth or compound resin on the top side, and with a layer of resin capable of vacuum adhesion against slipping on the other side.
Patent TW-264447-B (TW)
Title: Basket-style carrier with non-collapsing end panels
Inventor: GLEN R HARRELSON
IPC: B65D71/58
Filed: 1994-12-24
Granted: 1995-12-01
Abstract: A basket-style carrier constructed so as to maintain the carrier open during loading. The end panels of the carrier are formed from overlapping end panel sections. Each end panel section is connected to a handle panel support by a fold line. The overlapping end panel section includes a wide portion that extends transversely beyond the fold line connecting it to the handle panel support. This causes the two sections to function as a unit, preventing the end panels from collapsing about their fold lines during loading. In addition, a bottom panel forming flap is connected to one of the end panel sections at each end of the carrier. This flap is adhered to the bottom panel flaps to tighten the construction.
Patent TW-312610-B (TW)
IPC: A01N25/16
Filed: 1995-06-05
Granted: 1997-08-11
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/FR95/00471 Sec. 371 Date Sep. 24, 1996 Sec. 102(e) Date Sep. 24, 1996 PCT Filed Apr. 12, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO95/28082 PCT Pub. Date Oct. 26, 1995A readily, water-dispersible pesticide formulation in the form of a thick paste containing 1 to 80% by weight of the pesticide, 0.30 to 2.0% by weight of a micropore-generating agent and 30 to 50% by weight of effervescent agents the percentages being based on the total weight of the formulation.
Patent TW-308577-B (TW)
IPC: A61J1/03
Filed: 1995-09-23
Granted: 1997-06-21
Abstract: The blister package for moisture sensitive pharmaceutical preparations has cavities (1) for the effective substance comprising preparations and cavities (2) for drying agents, whereby each cavity (1) for effective substance comprising preparations by a canal is connected with a cavity (2) for drying agents and the cover sheet (5) in the region of the cavities (2) for drying agents is thus enforced by an additional protection sheet (6) so that a withdrawing of the drying agent is excluded if usual means are applied.
Patent TW-308576-B (TW)
Inventor: ANDREAS BAAR
IPC: B65D1/00
Filed: 1995-10-20
Granted: 1997-06-21
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/EP95/00285 Sec. 371 Date Nov. 7, 1996 Sec. 102(e) Date Nov. 7, 1996 PCT Filed Jan. 26, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO95/20628 PCT Pub. Date Aug. 3, 1995The invention relates to a process for the production of shaped bodies, in particular packaging shaped bodies, from biologically decomposable material using a viscous mass containing biologically decomposable fiber material, water and starch, which is baked with the formation of a composite of fiber material and starch in a baking mould, and a shaped body produced according to this process. The use of native and pre-gelatinated or modified starch in connection with a fiber material feed stock from fibers or fiber bundles of differing lengths is especially advantageous.
Patent TW-324099-B (TW)
Title: A data encoding method and a data decoding method
Inventor: SHINFUKU YOSHIHIDE
IPC: G11B21/10
Filed: 1995-12-13
Granted: 1998-01-01
Abstract: A data encoding method, which can convert a data string based on (mxi) bits into a code string based on (nxi) bits, in which m, n and i are all natural numbers, and n > m, in which the method comprises: a first step of receiving a data string based on (mxi) bits; a second step of finding the limit length limiting the length of data words to be converted, in which the data word is one of the constituents of the data string based on (mxi) bits; a third step of finding the leading end bit of the m-bit data word to be converted, in which the m bits divided from the data string are calculated according to its leading bit just as from the leading end of the m bits; a fourth step of forming a conversion checklist of variable length and selecting one from the plural conversion checklists according to a guide of at least satisfying a minimum execution length d; a fifth step of generating codes corresponding to the data character, in which the data character is converted from the conversion checklist selected from the third step.
Patent TW-480357-B (TW)
Title: Liquid crystal device having improved alignment
Inventor: MCDONNELL DAMIEN GERARD
IPC: G02F1/1337
Filed: 1996-01-17
Granted: 2002-03-21
Abstract: A liquid crystal display cell comprises two cell wave spaced apart to enclose a layer of liquid crystal material. The cell walls carry electrode structures, e.g., arranged in rows and columns to give an x, y matrix of addressable elements of pixels. The liquid crystal material is aligned by a grating (grooved) structure on one or both cell walls. This grating structure is a bigrating with one symmetrical grating and an asymmetric grating which may be orthogonal to the symmetric grating. The grooves of the asymmetric grating varying their depth or asymmetry along the lengths to give a locally varying pretilt whose longer range average provides a pretilt in a preferred range, e.g., about 2-24 DEG.