Patent GB-744942-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to high barium content phenolic compounds
IPC: C10M159/22
Filed: 1953-08-20
Abstract: A process for producing high barium content phenol salts comprises reacting a phenolic compound with a barium base in the presence of carbon dioxide and small quantities of water, the mol. ratio of added barium base to phenolic hydroxyl radical being not less than 1.2 : 1 and preferably above 1.5 : 1.  The phenolic starting materials include compounds with heterocyclic aromatic rings containing, for example, sulphur or oxygen; hydrocarbon-substituted phenols, such alkyl phenols (e.g. cresols, xylenols, thymol, orcinol, decylphenols, wax and petroleum phenols) or bis-phenols (e.g. diphenylolpropane and 2.2-bis-(2-hydroxy-3 - tertiary - butyl - 5 - methylphenyl - propane); aminophenols such as diethylamino-and benzylaminophenols; acylaminophenols such as N-propionyl-para-aminophenol; acylphenols such as acetyl phenol; alkylphenol sulphides, preferably with a C4 to C20 alkyl group (e.g. tertiary-amyl- and tertiary-octylphenol sulphides); and salts thereof with metals other than barium (e.g. calcium, magnesium, tin or zinc).  The reaction is preferably conducted at temperatures between 50 DEG  and 200 DEG  C.  The amount of carbon dioxide employed is preferably such that the amount fixed in the salt is at least 0.2 (and preferably not less than 0.4) mols. per mol. of phenol hydroxyl radical originally present.  The mixture of barium base and phenolic compound is preferably blown with steam before being contacted with the carbon dioxide.  Barium oxide or hydroxide is preferably employed as the barium base, and the phenolic compound is preferably employed as a solution in an inert solvent, e.g. a mineral lubricating oil.  The reaction is further facilitated by conducting it in presence of an anti-foaming agent such as stearyl alcohol or alcohols derived from coconut oil.  The examples describe the preparation of barium derivatives of tertiary-octylphenol and tertiary-octylphenol sulphide.ALSO:A lubricating and fuel oil additive comprises high barium content phenol salts, prepared by reacting a phenolic compound with a barium base in presence of carbon dioxide and small quantities of water, the mole ratio of added barium base to phenolic hydroxyl radical being not less than 1.2 : 1, and preferably above 1.5 : 1.  "Phenolic compound" includes compounds with heterocyclic aromatic rings, hydrocarbon (especially alkyl) substituted phenols, aminophenols, acylaminophenols, acylphenols, alkylphenol sulphides with preferably a C4 to C20 alkyl group, and salts thereof with metals other than barium (e.g. calcium, magnesium, tin or zinc).  The barium salts may be prepared in situ in an inert solvent such as petroleum ether, naphtha fractions, gas oil fractions and mineral lubricating oil fractions.  The barium salts are employed in concentrations of 0.5 to 25 per cent as detergents in lubricating oils and in concentrations down to 0.01 per cent by weight as stabilizers and inhibitors for motor fuels, diesel fuels, heating oils and greases.  Further additives such as antioxidants, viscosity index improvers, pour-point depressors, rust inhibitors and auxiliary detergents such as sulphonates may also be present.