Patent GB-903061-A (GB)
Title: Conversion of plastic organic substances into granular form
IPC: B01J2/08
Filed: 1959-02-11
Abstract: Cellulose derivatives or other organic high molecular weight polymers which are insoluble in water but soluble in volatile organic solvents, are converted into the form of spherical particles having a minimum average diameter in excess of 0,040 inch by dissolving the polymer in an organic solvent, a saturated aqueous solution of which contains no more than 24% by weight of the solvent at 20 DEG C., to form a viscous lacquer, suspending bodies of the lacquer in an aqueous liquid which has a viscosity of at least 5 centipoises, but preferably not over about 100 cp., at the temperature at which the solvent is subsequently removed from the suspended lacquer bodies, maintaining the bodies in suspension until they assume a spherical shape, removing the solvent from the suspended lacquer bodies, and separating the residual spherical particles from the suspending medium.  The bodies, maintaining the bodies in susaverage diameter in excess of 0,04 inch such that after they have subsequently been rounded and the solvent has been removed from them, the resulting spherical particles will have a minimum average diameter of at least 0,04 inch.  The aqueous medium may initially have a viscosity below 5 cp. at the temperature at which the solvent is subsequently removed from the suspended lacquer bodies, and the polymer and its solvent may be suspended and agitated in the aqueous medium until the polymer is dissolved in the solvent. The agitation is then discontinued, the lacquer allowed to coalesce, and a thickening agent added to the aqueous medium to increase its viscosity to at least 5 cp. at the above mentioned temperature before agitating the system to form lacquer globules and completing the process.  The solvent may be removed from the lacquer globules by heating the suspension to the boiling point of the solvent, by bubbling air through the suspension heated to a lower temperature, or by using a solvent which is appreciably soluble in water and adding a considerable excess of water to the suspension.  The viscosity of the aqueous suspension medium may be increased to the required level by the addition of a thickening agent which has a greater affinity for water than for the lacquer, such as guar gum, a polyacrylamide, the high molecular weight water-insoluble polymers of ethylene glycol, or a carboxymethyl cellulose.  A protective colloid such as an animal glue, gum arabic, gum tragacanth, starch or bentonite is preferably present in the aqueous medium to prevent coalescence of the lacquer globules.  The polymer may be nitrocellulose, polyvinyl chloride or acetate, a vinyl chloride-acetate copolymer, polystyrene, cellulose acetate butyrate, or ethyl cellulose.  In an example, 80 parts of fibrous nitrocellulose wet with 40 parts of water are dissolved in 180 parts of ethyl acetate to form a viscous lacquer which also contains about 1% of diphenylamine and about 0,25% of chalk based on the dry nitrocellulose.  The lacquer is extruded through an orifice 0,056 inch diameter into a solution of 2 parts of guar gum, 14 parts of animal glue, 27 parts of sodium sulphate and 15 parts of ethyl acetate in 750 parts of water.  The solution has a viscosity of about 15 cp. and is maintained at 60 DEG C.  The extruded lacquer is sliced into cylindrical bodies whose length and diameter are about equal. The suspension of lacquer bodies in the aqueous medium is gently agitated until the bodies assume a spherical shape and the suspension gradually heated to about 99 DEG C. until the solvent has distilled off from the lacquer globules leaving spherical nitrocellulose grains.  80% of which are between 0,05 and 0,06 inch in diameter suited for use in larger calibre ammunition. Specification 815,788 and U.S.A.  Specification 2,160,626 are referred to.