Patent GB-472630-A (GB)
Title: Improved process of dyeing
IPC: D06P3/14
Filed: 1936-02-18
Abstract: Acid wool dyes, dyeing with; cellulose esters, dyeing; printing.--In dyeing or printing fibrous and other shaped materials containing, united with residues of high molecular weight, groups convertible into more strongly basic groups by treatment with aminating or equivalent agents (cf. Specification 455,849) or with hydrolyzing, reducing or alkylating agents, such agents are caused to act upon the materials in conjunction with the dyestuffs or their intermediates. The residues of high molecular weight are those of the order of magnitude of polymeric compounds such as proteins, cellulose derivatives and artificial resins and shaped materials of the following types are specified: (a) compounds containing inorganic or organic-inorganic ester groups capable of being aminated, e.g. polyvinyl chloracetates, polyglycide chloracetate, chloracetylcellulose, g  - chloro - b  - oxypropylcellulose, reaction products of epichlorhydrin with oxyalkylated novolaks, reaction products of methylolchloracetamide with novolaks or other substances of high molecular weight containing reactive hydrogen, wool treated with epichlorhydrin, toluenesulphopolyglycide and reaction products of p-toluenesulphonic acid chloride with oxyalkylated novolaks; (b) oxido compounds capable of being aminated, e.g. the resinous product obtained by adding excess of epichlorhydrin to a solution of a phenol-formaldehyde condensation product in methyl alcoholic potash; (c) compounds of the general formula <FORM:0472630/IV/1> or <FORM:0472630/IV/2> wherein R<1> or R<11> represents an aliphatic residue of high molecular weight, R<111> represents H, alkyl, aralkyl or other organic radicle and X represents O-alkyl, S-alkyl or halogen, e.g. the products obtained by reacting polyglycide or an alkylene polyamine with excess of cyanuric chloride and replacing the residual chlorine by OCH3; (d) high molecular compounds containing the thiourea residue and capable of being alkylated, e.g. the product obtained by heating b  : b  <1>- dichlorodiethyl ether with ethylenediamine, dissolving the residue in water, liberating the base with alkali and converting it into a plastic resin by reaction with methyl mustard oil, the similar reaction products from industrial polyethylenediamine and methyl mustard oil and from novolaks, methylol compounds of unsymmetrical dialkylthioureas or wool and aliphatic mustard oils; (e) compounds capable of being alkylated and containing feebly basic nitrogen, e.g. cellulose isonicotinic acid esters, alkydals from dimethylol compounds of homologous pyridines (cf. Specification 419,604) and adipic, diglycollic, phthalic or other polybasic carboxylic acids; (f) products, capable of being alkylated, obtained by reaction of novolaks with b -halogenethylalkyl sulphides or by reaction of halogenated xylene-formaldehyde resins with mercaptides, such as sodium methyl mercaptide in dioxane at 100 DEG  C.; (g) polymeric substances having groups capable of reduction to basic residues, e.g. 4-oximinovaleroylpolyglycide and the amino-oxide obtained by the action of hydrogen peroxide on an acetic acid solution of the reaction product from a phenol-formaldehyde novolak and diethylaminoethyl chloride; (h) polymeric polyamines containing acylamino groups easily eliminated by hydrolysis, specified acyl groups being those of formic, trichloracetic, nitrous and dialkylphosphoric acids; also polyamines condensed with carbonyl compounds to form imidazolines easily hydrolyzed by acids; (i) animal fibres made suitably reactive by treatment with a halogen, an oxidizing agent, e.g. a perborate, or an alkylating agent, e.g. butylethylene imine.  Specified aminating agents are guanidine, cyclohexylamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, unsym.-dimethyl-1 : 3-propylenediamine, tetramethylethylenediamine, N-butylmorpholine, N - b  - oxyethylmorpholine, 1 : 3-dicyclohexylamino-2-oxypropane, o -dimethylaminoacetanilide, pyridine and its homologues, the b -methoxyethyl and b -diethylaminoethyl esters of pyridine-b -carboxylic acid, imidazoles, imidazolines and other readily alkylated heterocyclic compounds, e.g. hexamethylenetetramine, amino-oxides, quaternary ammonium salts and condensation products of amines with carbonyl compounds; when aldehyde-amines are used in a printing paste, an addition of an amide, e.g. acetamide, urethane, urea or a derivative, a guanidine salt or other aldehyde-binding agent may be advantageous.  When the aminating agents impart a strongly alkaline reaction, acids or agents yielding acid, e.g. ammonium salts, are preferably added to the dyebath or printing paste. Yellowing of the materials may be counteracted by the presence of a reducing agent or anti-oxidant, e.g. sodium hydrosulphite or formaldehydesulphoxylate, stannous chloride, sulphocyanide or acetate, mercaptan or a mercaptoic acid, mannite, an aldehyde, a sulphite or thiosulphate.  For treatment of shaped materials containing freely reactive alkylatingester groups, thioureas are advantageously used, e.g. sym.-dimethylthiourea, ethylenethiourea, N-b -oxyethyl-ethylenethiourea and its acetic acid ester, 1 : 3-propylenethiourea, N-methyl-N<1>-carboxymethylthiourea, N-methyl-N<1>-b -sulphoethylthiourea, N-methyl-N<1>-b -diethylaminoethylthiourea, its methoiodide and dimethylsulphate, sym.-dicyclohexylthiourea, N-dodecyl-N<1>-methylthiourea, and easily decomposed derivatives, such as acylthioureas, salts of condensation products of thiourea with dicarboxylic anhydrides or of substituted thioureas with formaldehyde, acetylacetone, acetoacetic esters, glyoxylic acid, pyrotartaric acid or benzaldehydesulphonic acid. These easily decomposed derivatives are advantageously used in presence of a compound which assists the decomposition, e.g. an alkali acetate or phosphate, a sulphite, urea or a salt of guanidine or hydroxylamine.  The thioureas are advantageously used in the form of salt or other combinations with amines such as guanidine morpholine or cyclohexylamine.  For the treatment of shaped materials capable of being alkylated, specified alkylating agents are chloracetic acid and its b -methoxyethyl ester, glycol-bis- and glycerol-tris-monochloracetates, chloracetanilide, mono- and di-chlorhydrins, sodium g -chloro - b  - oxypropane-a -sulphonate, g - chloro - b  - oxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride, tetra-(g -chloro-b -oxypropyl)ammonium chloride, hexa - (g  - chloro - b  - oxypropyl)ethylenediammonium chloride, di-(g -chloroxypropyl)cyclohexylamine acetate, p-nitrobenzyl chloride, sodium p - chloromethylbenzenesulphonate, di-(o -chloromethyl)-m-xylene, p-nitrobenzyltrimethylammonium chloride or iodide, b -chlorethyldiethylamine, dimethyl sulphate, methyl p-toluene- or b -naphthalene-sulphonate and p-chlorophenoxypropene oxide.  In alkylating with chlorine or bromine compounds an iodide is advantageously present and in all cases a buffering or acid binding agent may be present.  For the reduction of non-basic groups in the shaped materials to basic groups, reducing agents such as sulphites, hydrosulphites, sodium or zinc formaldehydesulphoxylate, stannous chloride, sulphocyanide or acetate, a titanous salt or zinc dust may be used with dyestuffs stable to reduction, such as Quinoline yellow S, Azo carmine BX, Wool fast blue GL or Indigosols.  The following examples are specified: (1) an acetate artificial silk fabric containing 10 per cent of polyvinyl chloracetate is dyed a greenish yellow, fast to light, by treatment for 1 hour in a bath at 75 DEG C. containing Brilliant sulphoflavin FF and ethylenethiourea; as dyestuffs may similarly be used 3-oxyquinophthalonesulphonic acid and Alizarine direct blue A; (2) an acetate artificial silk fabric containing 12,5 per cent of a partially saponified mixed polymerisate from vinyl acetate (1 mol.) and vinyl chloracetate (4 mols.) is dyed a red orange by treatment for 1 hour in a bath at 75 DEG  C. containing Orange II and pyridine bases or ethylenethiourea; (3) a similar fabric is dyed pure blue by treatment for 1 hour in a bath at 65--75 DEG  C. containing Alizarine direct blue A, pyridine bases and acetic acid; numerous other dyestuffs are specified for use in the processes of examples (1) to (3); (4) an ethyl cellulose artificial silk containing 10 per cent of a product obtained by the action of hydrogen peroxide on a condensation product from polyvinyl chloracetate and dimethylamine is dyed with Celliton discharge blue 3R in presence of acetic acid and is then printed with a discharge paste containing zinc formaldehydesulphoxylate, British gum, and Quinoline yellow S; (5) an acetate artificial silk obtained by dry spinning a solution in methylene chloride and alcohol of cellulose acetate containing 20 per cent of cellulose isonicotinic acid ester (cf. Specification 347,451) is dyed by treatment in presence of levigated chalk for 1 hour at 50--75 DEG  C. with a dispersion of methyl p-toluenesulphonate and Alizarine direct blue A; in printing, the methyl p-toluenesulphonate is replaced by glycol bis-monochloracetate; (6) wool which has been treated with epichlorhydrin vapour is printed with an aqueous paste containing thiodiglycol, British gum-tragacanth thickening and Brilliant fulling blue B or Nerol TL extra; (7) a woollen fabric which has been impregnated with tetra-(g -chloro-b -oxypropyl)ammonium chloride, centrifuged and heated for 16 hours at 80 DEG  C. is dyed in a neutral bath, at a temperature well below boiling, containing Alizarine direct blue A in presence of pyridine bases. 4-Oximinovaleroylpolyglycide is obtained by the action of hydroxylamine on the product of reaction of polyglycide with acetyllaevulinic acid.  Unsym. - dimethyl - 1 : 3 - propylenediamine is obtained by catalytic reduction of b -dimethylaminopropionic acid nitrile.  N-Butylmorpholine is obtained by the action of 70 per cent sulphuric acid on di-(b -oxyethyl)butylamine.  1 : 3-Dicyclohexylamino-2-oxypropan