Patent GB-493853-A (GB)
Title: Electro-pneumatic brakes
IPC: B61H7/08
Filed: 1937-04-15
Abstract: 493,853. Electric and fluid-pressure brakes. WESTINGHOUSE BRAKE & SIGNAL CO., Ltd. April 15,1937, No. 10725. Convention date, May 12, 1936. [Class 103 (i)] Relates to vehicle braking-apparatus comprising a fluid-pressure system, one or more electric systems and a valve device which is adapted to control the fluid-pressure system and is differentially controlled by fluid-pressure and by electroresponsive means actuated in accordance with the braking force of the electric system or systems. According to the invention, the electroresponsive means has an additional energization independent of the energization of the electric system or systems. In the arrangement shown, the brake-operating pedal 23, Fig. 1A, is connected by a link 116 and crank 117 to a shaft 98 carrying cams 99, 100, 101 which control respectively the supply of fluid-pressure, the current to the trackbrakes 15, and the current in the dynamic braking system formed by shorting the motor 19 through the rheostat 110. When the brake-pedal is depressed, the cam 99 acts through a lever 102, rod 103 and lever 33, Fig. 1B, on a self-lapping valve 28, which supplies fluid under pressure from the main reservoir 13 to a pipe 34, Fig. 2, leading to an automatic valve 31. This valve is normally maintained in the raised position shown by pressure which passes from the reservoir 13 through a pipe 35, valves 83, 82 held open and closed respectively by the " dead - man's handle " 84, and pipe 136 to the space below the operating piston 44 of the valve. Pressure from the pipe 34 can thus pass through valve space 147 and pipes 148, 149 to a delay valve 29. When the brakes are not applied, this valve is held open by a spring 40, but since the pedal 23 has been depressed, a switch 114, Fig. 1A, has been closed which has supplied current from the trolley 137 through conductors 140, 141, 144 to a solenoid 41 to close the valve 29. Pressure from the pipe 149 thus passes slowly through the throttle 42 and pipe 76 to the space 52 below a diaphragm 50. The space 51 above the diaphragm, is connected by a pipe 51a to the brake-operating cylinder of cylinders 10, Fig. IB. The diaphragm 50 carries the seat 53 of a valve 57 adapted when open to connect the spaces 51, 52 and carried by a rod 58 having at its upper end a valve 59 which when open exhausts the space 51. The rod 58 is surrounded by a non- magnetic sleeve 61 which abuts at its lower end against the diaphragm 50 and carries an armature 62, which, when the windings 65, 66, 67 are energized, is attracted downwards. The winding 65 carries a steady current supplied from the switch 114 through conductor 141 and resistance 142, so that the force on the armature almost balances the spring 55 behind the diaphragm 50. The windings 66, 67 respectively are tapped across resistances in the circuits of the dynamic and track brake systems and evoke forces in the armature, which, owing to the initial energization by the winding 65 are proportional to the braking forces. The purpose of the delay valve 29 is to permit the above energizations to take place before the full fluid-pressure arrives in the space 52. When, however, the pressure in pipe 149 reaches a certain value it operates through pipe 170 on a piston 129, Fig. 1B, and breaks a switch 132 in the earth lead of solenoid 41 thus permitting valve 29 to open and byepass throttle 42 so that the full pressure is supplied to space 52 without further delay. If both the dynamic and the track brakes are fully applied, the diaphragm 50 and seat 53 will be urged downwards to close valve 57, and hence although fluidpressure from valve 28 has leaked through throttle 42 and pipe 76 to apply the full pressure to space 52, no pressure reaches the space 51, and the fluid-pressure brakes are not applied. As the vehicle slows down, the dynamic braking effort falls off. The seat 53 is therefore allowed to rise, the valve 57 opens and pressure passes to the space 51 and the fluid-pressure brakes are applied in such manner that the total braking force remains constant. If for any reason the electric braking forces increase again, the armature, assisted by the pressure in space 51, will urge the diaphragm so far downwards that the valve 57 will be carried downwards therewith against the action of its light spring 75 and the valve 59 will be opened, thus exhausting the space 51 and releasing the fluid-pressure brakes, after which the valve 59 reseats. The track brakes 15 are applied as follows : a double-ended valve 91, Fig. 1B, is normally open, so that pressure from the main pipe line 35 is applied below pistons 90 to keep the brakes 15 clear of the rails. When the pedal 23 is depressed, a switch 113 on the shaft 98 is closed, thus energizing through conductors 155, 156 a solenoid 93 to raise the valve 91, thus relieving the pressure below the pistons 90, so that the brakes drop on to the rails. The brakes are energized through rheostat 106 and resistances 159, 160, across which latter the winding 67 is connected in series with the contacts 126 of a switch 24 and the contacts 134 of a relay 26. If the pedal 23 is fully depressed, the arm of the rheostat 106 touches a contact 172 which energizes the relay 26, thus closing contacts 135 and opening contacts 134, to bring a resistance 166 into the circuit of the winding 67 to give smoother operation. At the same time the contacts 135 bring in a byepass connection to the track brakes from the supply line 140 to shunt the rheostat 106 and resistance 159, thus giving maximum energization. If the emergency handle 84 is released, the pipe 136 is vented. The automatic valve 31, Fig. 2, is thus allowed to fall, so that pressure is supplied from the main reservoir 13 through pipe 36, valve chamber 46, port 138, passages 148, 149 and valve 29 to the space 52. From there pressure passes through the open valve 57 to operate the fluid-pressure brakes. At the same time the valve space 176 connects the passages 139, 178 so that the supplementary reservoir 14, Fig. 1B, may supply pressure below the piston 122 of the switch 24, which rises and joins contacts 127. The relay 26 is thus energized and gives maximum track brake application as before described. In normal operating conditions the reservoir 14 is charged through valve port 138 and passage 139.