baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20010006243-A (KR)
IPC: E02D17/20
Filed: 1999-02-02
Abstract: A wire netting, preferably used as a gravel screen or for protecting a soil surface layer is woven from corrosion-resistant wires and either fitted on the soil surface or secured in an almost upright position on a slope or something similar. The wires in the wire netting are manufactured from heavy-duty steel, which has a nominal strength in the region of 1000 to 2200 N/mm2 and steel wire may be used for this for stranded wires or spring steel wire. The wire netting is manufactured from rectangular, diagonal netting and it has a three-dimensional, mattress-like structure.
Patent KR-20010013302-A (KR)
Inventor: KUDOH YASUSHI
IPC: F01N3/025
Filed: 1999-02-01
Abstract: An exhaust emission particulate remover which is connected to a combustion emission gas exhausting path to remove particulate contained in the emission gas, comprising filter units (13 and 14), a fuel injection nozzle (31), and an ignitor (32), wherein the filter units (13 and 14) are formed with porous ceramic partitions (21 and 22) which form a plurality of narrow passages (23 and 24) extending in the flow direction of the emission gas, the emission gas is introduced from one end of each of the passages (23 and 24) and exhausted from the other end of it so as to trap particulate contained in the emission gas by the ceramic partitions (21 and 22), and the fuel injection nozzle (31) injects fuel toward the emission gas introduction side of the fuel filter units (13 and 14).
Patent KR-20010013591-A (KR)
Inventor: BRUECK ROLF
IPC: B01J35/04
Filed: 1998-06-09
Abstract: The invention relates to a metallic catalyst support (1) for purifying an exhaust gas current (2), designed especially for use with a small engine. Said catalyst support (1) has a longitudinal axis (10) and a plurality of fluid flow paths (6, 7) on the inside. According to the invention, the fluid flow paths (6, 7) are configured in such a way that the exhaust gas current (2) when entering the catalyst support (1) in general is deviated in such a way as to receive at least one component which is vertical in relation to the longitudinal axis (10) and that after a second deviation at least a partial current (6) of the exhaust gas current exits through a fluid output surface (4) with a component aligned in the direction of the longitudinal axis.
Patent KR-20010014317-A (KR)
Title: 요리 장치용 열 교환기
IPC: F28F13/06
Filed: 1998-07-16
Abstract: 본 발명에 따른 요리 용례에 사용하기 위한 열 교환기(10)는 하우징(12)과, 열 교환 과정 중에 요리용 매체가 하우징(12)을 통과하기 위한 하우징(12) 내의 요리용 매체 챔버(14)와, 열 교환 요소(16)를 구비한다.  열 교환 요소(16)는 열 교환 과정 중에 요리용 매체가 요리용 매체 챔버(14)를 통과하기 위한 대체로 나선형인 경로를 구성하도록 형성된다.  그와 같은 교환기(10; 22)를 포함하는 요리 장치(100) 및 이 요리 장치(100)를 작동시키는 방법이 본원에 기술된다.
Patent KR-20010068282-A (KR)
Title: Finger-type bridge expansion joint and repairing method for using the same
Inventor: KIM SEON PYEONG
IPC: E01D19/06
Filed: 2000-01-04
Abstract: PURPOSE: An expansion joint of a bridge and a repairing method thereof are provided to maintain the expansion joint without breaking a non-shrinkage concrete by inserting expansion rubber in contacting grooves of the expansion joint. CONSTITUTION: Foreign substances under an upper covering plate(4) are removed after removing a bolt of the upper covering plate. Foreign substances inside an expansion joint are removed after removing the existing expansion rubber between contacting grooves of the expansion joint. A caulking material is spread on a portion to be faced the contacting groove, the upper covering plate and an upper supporting steel(2). New expansion rubber(3) is installed between the contacting grooves. The upper covering plate is installed on the upper supporting steel. Then, a bolt is combined so that the repairing is finished.
Patent KR-20010069076-A (KR)
Title: Semiconductor lead frame stock magazine
Inventor: SONG SEONG WON
IPC: H01L23/50
Filed: 2000-01-12
Abstract: PURPOSE: A magazine for loading semiconductor lead frames is provided to be capable of loading various lead frames different from their sizes by adjusting side supporting adjustors to be suitable to the size of the lead frame to be loaded. CONSTITUTION: A lead frame base stand(12) is mounted in a bottom part of a box type body(11). Three side supporting adjustors(13) are mounted over both sides of the lead frame base stand(12) so that they can support the sides of the lead frame(L) to be suitable to the size of the lead frame(L). The side supporting adjustor(13) consists of a guide block(14) laterally moved to support sides of the lead frame, a forward/backward screw(15) for moving the guide block, and rotation stop pins(16) positioned on both sides of the screw(15) for preventing the rotation of the guide block.
Patent KR-20010069126-A (KR)
Title: sucture of frame assembly in flat-type Braun tube
Inventor: PARK SU GIL
IPC: H01J29/07
Filed: 2000-01-12
Abstract: PURPOSE: A structure of a frame assembly of a flat CRT is provided to prevent the howling of the shadow mask and to minimize the weight of the frame assembly by optimizing the inertia momentum of the sub frame. CONSTITUTION: The frame assembly includes a panel glass applied by fluorescent element; a panel glass having an electron gun projecting electron beam toward the fluorescent element; a deflective yoke deflecting the electron beam; a shadow mask fixed on the panel glass; and a sub frame connecting the main frame and the both sides of the main frame. Here, the inertia momentum(Ixx/Izz) of the sub frame is made to come between 0.5 and 2.7. Resonance does not occur between the frame assembly and the shadow mask in the range of a bandwidth of the resonance frequency of the shadow mask.
Patent KR-20000053517-A (KR)
Inventor: PINARA PHAEL
IPC: B41F31/18
Filed: 2000-01-18
Abstract: PURPOSE: A side wall of an ink bottle of a printer is provided to improve sealing of side walls in the ink bottle and mount a reinforcement material to the ink bottle without large deformation of the existing machines. CONSTITUTION: A side wall(5) of an ink bottle of a printer includes two or more plates(11,14) fixed with a predetermined gap and an intermediate plate(13) mounted between the plates able to change direction and slant and having an arc type circular front edge(13a), and the front edge is positioned adjacent to a border line with an ink bottle roller via pressing elements(18,19) operating on the intermediate plate. The side wall includes a slide way(10) mounted with all the plates and the slide way has a reinforcement area(12) on one of side walls adjacent to the ink bottle roller.
Patent KR-20000076567-A (KR)
Inventor: KWON SUN JU
IPC: G01N33/20
Filed: 2000-01-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: Quantitative analysis method is provided which uses Mossbauer spectroscopy to analyze steel structure qualitatively and phase ratio in the steel structure quantitatively so that it is widely useful in researching steel. CONSTITUTION: The quantitative analysis method of steel structure comprises the steps of: (i) transmitting a gamma ray to a standard sample to obtain Mossbauer spectrum; (ii) using Lorentzian function to fit the spectrum, calculate 3 micro-fine parameters like isomer shift, quadruple splitting and magnetic splitting for each standard sample; (iii) transmitting a gamma ray to a steel sample for analysis to get Mossbauer spectrum; and (iv) using least square method of 3 micro-fine parameters to fit the spectrum, calculate volume ratio at each phase in the steel sample as the extent which 3 micro-fine parameters for the standard sample contributes to spectrum fitting.
Patent KR-20010077051-A (KR)
Title: Method and apparatus for heat treated slack quenching of rails
Inventor: CHO BONG JONG
IPC: C21D9/04
Filed: 2000-01-31
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method and apparatus for heat treatment of a rail is provided to enhance quality of the rail and minimize deformation of the rail by enhancing friction resistance through curing processes of a rail head. CONSTITUTION: An apparatus for heat treatment of a rail includes a rail pre-heating unit(20), a rail head heating unit(40), a rail slack quenching unit(60) and a mist cooling unit(100). The rail pre-heating unit(20) has a heater(30) for pre-heating the whole portion of a rail(10). The rail head heating unit(40) is installed to heat a rail head. The rail slack quenching unit(60) has nozzle boxes(80) for injecting compressed air to cool the rail head for transformation of the rail head into a fine pearlite structure. The mist cooling unit(100) keeps the temperature difference between the rail head and a lower part at a certain range, and has an injection nozzle(120) for injecting an air mist to the rail head in multi-steps to prevent bending deformation due to temperature difference between the rail head and the rail lower part.
Patent KR-20010081251-A (KR)
Title: In plane switching mode liquid crystal display device
Inventor: KANG IN BYEONG
IPC: G02F1/1341
Filed: 2000-02-11
Abstract: PURPOSE: An IPS(In Plane Switching) mode LCD is provided to form an array substrate for an LCD by using an IPS mode. CONSTITUTION: A thin film transistor(T) is formed on an intersection point of a gate line(111) and a data line(113). The thin film transistor(T) has a gate electrode(119), a source electrode(121), and a drain electrode(123). A common electrode(115) and a pixel electrode(117) of a finger shape are formed on a pixel region(P). The common electrode(115) is composed of the first common electrode(115a) of a vertical pattern and the second common electrode(115b) of a horizontal pattern. The pixel electrode(117) is composed of the first pixel electrode(117a) and the second pixel electrode(117b).
Patent KR-20000024602-A (KR)
Inventor: JANG HWANG JIN
IPC: G06Q50/34
Filed: 2000-02-23
Abstract: PURPOSE: An instant lottery system is provided to increase a visit of a user by an instant lottery game on the internet. CONSTITUTION: An instant lottery system consists of an internet server(2) and an internet homepage (6) a user connects the internet homepage by an internet terminal(8). The internet homepage loaded the internet server includes a game part for an instant lottery(4) and display part. The display part notifies a lottery information(10) and a prizewinner at real time.
Patent KR-20010087505-A (KR)
Title: Synchronous apparatus for memory
Inventor: KIM GWANG GEUN
IPC: G06F13/16
Filed: 2000-03-07
Abstract: PURPOSE: A device for synchronizing a memory is provided to divide a memory of each system into fixed-capacity sized memory and to copy only contents of the corresponding block in case that check sum values of each block are different and to perform an equalization. CONSTITUTION: A link board(111) transmits backup data to the opponent system through a bus(130) or stores the transmitted data in the corresponding memory board. A CPU(112) compares a check sum value with the previous check sum value by calculating the check sum value of each memory blocks(114A¯114N), and transmits only the check sum value to the opponent system through a bus(130) or transmits only contents of the corresponding memory block. A check sum table(113) manages a check sum value of the memory blocks(114A¯114N) calculated by the CPU(112). A memory board(114) stores data by providing a separated-typed memory blocks(114A¯114N). The bus(130) performs a link function for a data equalization to the opponent system. The above elements are provided in the first system(110). Elements of the second system(120) are responded to those of the first system(110).
Patent KR-20010092080-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE JAE NAM
IPC: F16L21/06
Filed: 2000-03-20
Abstract: PURPOSE: A coupling(VCR fitting) for pipe connection is provided to stably perform the combination of a P type fitting with an N type fitting in the semiconductor assembly line. CONSTITUTION: A VCR fitting(10) is constituted of a P type fitting(30) and an N type fitting(20). One end of the P type fitting is connected to a pipe(60), and a male thread(32) is formed in the other end. One end of the N type fitting is connected to another pipe(50), and a female thread(22) is formed in the other. A gasket(40) is interposed between the P type fitting and the N type fitting. The combination of the VCR fitting is accomplished by the thread connection of the P type fitting with the N type fitting via a lobster adjustable wrench or a spanner. Combination degree of the P type fitting and the N type fitting is kept uniform by the scales(26,36) formed on the outer faces of the P type fitting and the N type fitting. Therefore, fluid leakage or separation of the P type fitting from the N type fitting due to abnormal combination of the P type fitting and the N type fitting is avoided.
Patent KR-20000071614-A (KR)
Title: 에이씨 플라즈마 표시 장치
IPC: G09G3/288
Filed: 2000-04-08
Abstract: AC 플라즈마 표시 패널은 복수의 병렬 주사 전극과 복수의 병렬 유지 전극을 포함한다. 각각의 유지 전극은 주사 전극에 병렬으로 연장되어 있다. 주사 전극 및 유지 전극은 각각의 주사 전극 및 유지 전극이 다른 하나의 주사 전극 및 유지 전극에 인접하여 쌍으로 되도록 교대로 배치된다. 또한, 패널은 복수의 병렬 데이터 전극을 포함한다. 데이터 전극은 주사 전극과 유지 전극에 실질적으로 수직으로 연장된다. 주사 전극 및 유지 전극에는 전극에서 발생되는 전자 잡음이 다른 전극에서 발생되는 잡음에 의해서 상쇄되도록 특정 전류가 인가된다.
Patent KR-20010095596-A (KR)
Title: Shock-improvement method of continuously variable transmission for vehicle
Inventor: CHO YONG DEOK
IPC: F16H61/04
Filed: 2000-04-11
Abstract: PURPOSE: A shock reducing method of a continuously variable transmission vehicle is provided to improve driving experience and travel stability by excluding shock with increasing current of an electronic powder clutch smoothly at normal return. CONSTITUTION: A continuously variable transmission(10) is composed of primary pulleys(21); secondary pulleys(22); a belt(27) connected between the pulleys; a DC motor(31) controlling separation of a variable pulley(25) to change the bore of the secondary pulley; a torque cam(40) changing the bore of the secondary pulley according to changes of the bore of the primary pulley; a spring(41); and an electronic powder clutch(13) controlled with an ECU(Electronic Control Unit) and a TCU(Transmission Control Unit) by receiving signals on RPM(Revolution Per Minute) of an engine, vehicle speed, position of a shift lever, opening of a throttle valve. The TCU has a logic circuit to reduce shock with backup control in releasing error detection. The electronic powder clutch is controlled normally with detecting current and with setting current control limit value and actual target value, and the current of the electronic powder clutch is increased smoothly to exclude shock.
Patent KR-20000037439-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM HYUN BONG
Filed: 2000-04-24
Abstract: PURPOSE: A quiz type advertizing method is provided to enhance curiosity on a banner advertizement by giving specific web site users a quiz on a specific banner advertizement among a plurality of advertizement banners, and giving the users milage points or giving a chance for the users to participate in an event if the users make a correct answer. CONSTITUTION: A quiz type advertizement method comprises the steps of logging in a specific web site(S41, S42), making a host computer read a corresponding advertizement from an advertizement management database, and transmit the read advertizement to user's terminal via a web server(S43), checking if the user visit the web site for a set time(S44), making the host computer transmit a massage window for memory to give a chance to participate in a quiz(S45), checking if a set time has passed after displaying the massage window(S46), and making the host computer transmit other massage window for a question to the user's terminals.
Patent KR-20010097689-A (KR)
Inventor: CHOI JAE HYEOK
IPC: B65B5/00
Filed: 2000-04-25
Abstract: 본 발명은 낱개로 포장된 비누를 포장용 상자에 자동으로 포장하는 공정에 있어서, 다수의 비누를 가로 및 세로 방향으로 정확히 정렬시켜 이송시킬 수 있도록 함으로써, 최종적으로 포장용 상자내에 정확하게 적층 포장시킬 수 있도록 한 비누 자동 포장장치에 관한 것으로서, 누름판을 갖는 공급컨베이어와, 서로 상하로 설치되는 탑-다운 푸셔와 버켓, 그리고 다수의 정렬판을 갖는 정렬컨베이어로 구성된 비누 자동 포장장치를 제공하고자 한 것이다.
Patent KR-20010102642-A (KR)
Inventor: HONG JIN YEONG
Filed: 2000-05-03
Abstract: 각종 전자 제품의 기판에 표면실장을 용이하게 수행할 수 있도록 칩 형태로 구현 가능하여 전자제품의 소형화, 고밀도화 및 박형화를 달성할 수 있는 전해 캐패시터 및 그 제조방법이 제공된다. 상기 캐패시터는 에칭된 금속 포일에 유전체 산화막이 도포된 제1 전극, 에칭된 알루미늄 포일 또는 카본 전극인 제2 전극 및 제2 전극 상에 코팅된 격리막을 권취하여 형성되는 전극 권취체 그리고 전극 권취체를 실링하기 위한 실링용 레진을 포함한다. 다양한 용량을 갖는 전해 캐패시터를 기판에 표면실장이 용이하도록 칩 형태로 제조할 수 있으므로 캐패시터가 장착되는 전자제품의 소형화, 고밀도화 및 박형화가 가능하다. 또한, 별도의 전해액 주입 공정이 요구되지 않으므로 제조 공정을 간략화 할 수 있으며, 캐패시터를 소형의 칩 형태로 제조 가능하기 때문에 제조 공정의 고속화, 대량화 및 자동화가 용이하다. 접착력이 우수하고 얇은 젤 타입의 전해질이 일체화된 격리막을 구비함으로써, 낮은 등가저항을 구현하여 주파수 변화에 대해 안정한 용량 특성을 보이며, 작은 사이즈와 낮은 저항을 요구하는 전자 제품에 적용 가능하다.
Patent KR-20010020808-A (KR)
Title: New substituted pyridine or piperidine compounds, a process for their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing them
Inventor: METH-COHN OTTO
IPC: C07D213/36
Filed: 2000-05-03
Abstract: PURPOSE: A compound is provide which exhibits an analgesic characteristic and a characteristic promoting recognizing process and useful for treatment of pain and treatment of aging of brain and amnesia accompanying neurodegeneration diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Pick disease. CONSTITUTION: The compound is represented by formula I (A is pyridine or the like; R3 is hydroxy for the like; R4 is phenyl or the like; R1 is H or the like; R5 is a 5-6 membered heterocycle which may contain a nitrogen atom binding to the ring A and may contain another hetero atom selected from sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen; R6 is H or the like), e.g. 1-(4-bromophenyl)-2-(1-methyl-2- piperidinyl)-1-ethanone. The compound of formula I is obtained by reacting, e.g. a compound obtained by alkylating a compound of formula II (X is H or fluorine) with an alkylating agent with a compound of formula III (Ra and Rb form a 5 to 6-membered heterocycle which may contain another hetero atom selected from sulfur, oxygen or nitrogen together with nitrogen binding to these groups; Rc is H or the like).
Patent KR-20010020882-A (KR)
Title: Flat display apparatus
Inventor: YAJIMA AKIHITO
IPC: H01L33/00
Filed: 2000-05-23
Abstract: PURPOSE: An LED display is provided to certainly prevent damages by electrostatic charges without decreasing the visibility. CONSTITUTION: A guide plate(3) is attached to the display face of an LED(light emitting diode) display device. The thickness of the plate(3) is almost same as or smaller than the height of the light emitting part L in the direction Z perpendicular to the display plane, and the plate(3) has holes(3a) formed in the position corresponding to the position of the light emitting part L on the display plane. By grounding the guide plate(3), a current generated by electrostatic discharge flows to the guide plate(3) and then all of the current flows to the ground.
Patent KR-20010107265-A (KR)
Inventor: CHO JEONG U
IPC: C21B11/10
Filed: 2000-05-26
Abstract: 본 발명은 아크를 이용한 전기로조업에서 직접환원철의 고속용해 방법에 관한 것으로서, 
     본 발명은 전기로내에 환원철을 연속투입하여 고속 용해하는 방법에 있어서, 
     환원철의 투입속도 및 투입각도를 조정하여 고온의 아크주위에 투입하는 것을 특징으로 하는 직접환원철의 고속용해 방법을 제공한다. 
     본 발명에 의하면 환원철의 투입속도, 투입위치 및 투입각도 개선을 통한 전기로 노내에 투입된 환원철의 용해효율 향상으로 전력사용량을 감소하고 용해시간을 크게 단축하여 전기로 조업의 생산성을 현저하게 증대시킬 수 있는 효과가 있었다.
Patent KR-20000054410-A (KR)
Inventor: CHA YONG WON
IPC: B43K5/02
Filed: 2000-06-05
Abstract: PURPOSE: A writing device having ink reservoir and supply system is provided to increase a mileage of writing device while arranging a pumping member for supplying ink into a main body of the writing device. CONSTITUTION: A writing device having an ink storage member(3) interlocked to a portion of a pen point(1) contacting a plane to be written, comprises a partition formed at a near-center of a main body(10) of a pen and which divides one portion into a shed for the ink storage member(3) and the other portion into an ink storage chamber(23), a plunger(40) mounted movably in lengthwise direction within the main body(10) of a pen, and a pumping member(70) coupled to an end of the main body(10) of a pen to be applied with force in lateral direction and which is sealed by user's finger and forms, when pressed by a user, a pressure chamber together with the partition and an inner wall of an auxiliary ink storage member, so as to thereby move the plunger(40) toward the main body of the pen.
Patent KR-20010112658-A (KR)
Inventor: PARK TAE JIN
IPC: B65G15/64
Filed: 2000-06-09
Abstract: The corrosion resistance of an article having a surface with a primary inorganic coating, such as a conversion coating, over a metal substrate can be improved by treatment of the primary coating with an aqueous liquid sealing composition comprising lithium cations and vanadate anions. This treatment is particularly advantageous for primary coatings formed on aluminum alloys by treating them with a conversion coating forming aqueous composition made by reacting cobalt(II) cations, acetate ions, hydroxyalkyl amines, and peroxides in aqueous solution.
Patent KR-20010111688-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE MIN KU
Filed: 2000-06-13
Abstract: 본 발명은 지반으로 투수된 우수가 건조기에 지표로 증발되는 쌍방향 투수성으로 가로수에 대한 생명수의 원활한 공급 및 공공수역이나 도시의 하천이나 강의 범람을 예방하고, 신속한 투수에 따른 높은 미끄럼 저항으로 안전하고 편안한 통행과 난반사에 의한 시각장애를 해소하며, 흡음성에 의한 차량 소음 감소 등을 목적으로 하는 유색 투수 세립 콘크리트 포장층을 제공하기 위한 것으로서, 쇄석 기층 위에 25㎜ 골재에 13㎜ 골재 20∼40무게%의 비율로 섞고 여기다 수재 슬래그 10∼30무게%를 섞은 기층 투수 콘크리트를 포설하여 다진 후 그 수분이 증발되기 전에 4.75㎜ 체를 90%이상 통과하고 2.25㎜ 체를 10% 이하로 통과한 세립도 쇄석에 시멘트와 혼화제, 물이 혼합된 유색 투수 세립 콘크리트를 상기 기층 투수 콘크리트 위에 10∼40㎜로 포설하고 다져서 양생하는 유색 투수 세립 콘크리트 포장공법을 제공한다.
Patent KR-20020000937-A (KR)
Title: Method of remote diagnosis for vehicle equipped with ECU using internet and system therefor
Inventor: TAK SEUNG HO
Filed: 2000-06-22
Abstract: PURPOSE: A remote testing method of a vehicle with an ECU(Engine Control Unit) using the Internet and a system thereof are provided to test troubles of the ECU and electronic devices of the vehicle by a general person. CONSTITUTION: A vehicle communication module(102) receives and stores data from electronic devices having the ECU in a memory. The vehicle communication module(102) transmits the stored data to a PC communication module(104). The PC communication module(104) receives a PC WAKE UP signal and executes an ECU testing program which is installed at a PC(14) when the PC(14) is turned off. The PC(14) explains a repair manual of the vehicle and analyzes ECU data received from the PC communication module(104). An A/S center(18) is connected with the PC(14) and analyzes the ECU data when a trouble is a state which a vehicle repair specialist should solve and transmits the analyzing result to the PC(14).
Patent KR-20020003646-A (KR)
Title: Safety apparatus of dual-voltage electric heater of package air-conditioner
Inventor: SIM JAE YONG
IPC: F24F11/00
Filed: 2000-06-22
Abstract: PURPOSE: A safety unit of an auxiliary electric heater for dual voltage is provided to use an auxiliary electric heater easily without regard to regional limit by improving the auxiliary electric heater for dual voltage, and to enhance the reliability of the auxiliary heater by adding a safety unit such as a temperature fuse thereto. CONSTITUTION: Plural independent first to third hot lines having each couple of first to sixth input/output lines(1-6) are mounted at an auxiliary electric heater(30). Each temperature fuses(TF1,TF2,TF3) are mounted at one of the first to sixth input/output lines. Each input/output line is connected to a connecting terminal(40) to operate the auxiliary electric heater with dual voltage. The connecting terminal consists of R, S, T and N terminals. If 380V is used, the voltage is supplied to the R, S and T terminals. Then, the voltage is supplied to the first to third hot lines parallel via the first to sixth input/output lines. In case of 220V, the voltage is supplied to the R, S and T terminals and then to the hot lines via the input/output lines in series. Thereby, the power of the auxiliary electric heater is prevented from short-circuit or fire.