baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent JP-2009514461-A (JP)
Title: Ｒｆｉｄレシーバ
IPC: H04B1/59
Filed: 2006-10-27
Abstract: 受信信号に影響を及ぼすデータ、タイミング、ボーレート、及び／又は位相変数に関係付けられた既定の確率の組を使用して信号サンプルの一連のペア間においてデータ状態間における遷移の確率を判定し、それらの判定された確率を処理して最大の発生確率を具備した遷移のシーケンスを判定することにより、ＲＦＩＤタグからのＲＦＩＤデータ信号を回復可能である。反対方向における遷移に関係付けられた既定の確率の第２の組を使用することにより、逆方向においてシーケンシング可能である。ＲＦＩＤタグデータを表すシーケンスの判定は、更なる反復が、判定された確率を変更しなくなる時点まで、両方の方向において反復可能である。 【選択図】図１
Patent JP-2009518704-A (JP)
Title: 地図分類方法及び地図分類システム
IPC: G06V20/00
Filed: 2006-11-15
Abstract: 画像等の取込レコードを分類するための方法およびシステムにおいて。取込レコードのコレクションが提供される。各取込レコードは地図位置を定義するメタデータを有する。このメタデータは、データ送信のストリームから、送信内にギャップがある場合であっても早めに決定されることが可能である。提供された取込レコードは、取り込み位置に基づいてグループにクラスタ化される。取り込み位置を含む地図が、各グループに関連付けされた取り込み位置の相対的なポジションに基づいて複数の領域にセグメント化される。これらの領域は、それぞれのグループの取込レコードに関連付けされる。
Patent JP-2009526092-A (JP)
Title: フォトクロミックインデノ縮合ナフトピラン
IPC: C09K9/02
Filed: 2006-12-05
Abstract: インデノ縮合ナフトピランの３位に結合した４−フルオロビフェニル基および４−アミノフェニル基を含む置換基を有するインデノ縮合ナフトピランを含むフォトクロミック材料が開示される。このフォトクロミック材料は、インデノ縮合ナフトピランの３位に結合した４−フルオロフェニル基および４−アミノフェニル基なしの同様のインデノ縮合ナフトピランと比較した場合、よりはやい退色速度を示し得る。本明細書に開示されるインデノ縮合ナフトピランの合成に利用される置換２−プロピン−１−オールが開示される。本明細書に開示されるフォトクロミック材料を組み込むフォトクロミックな組成物および物品、例えば、光学素子も開示される。
Patent JP-2009526871-A (JP)
Title: 良好な耐衝撃性および高い耐熱性を有する難燃性ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物
IPC: C08L51/08
Filed: 2006-12-22
Abstract: 本発明では、耐熱性が高くて耐衝撃性に優れた難燃性ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物が開示される。前記ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物は、ポリカーボネート樹脂に、シリコンを２０〜９５重量％含むゴムにビニルモノマーをグラフト重合したシリコン系コア−シェルグラフト共重合体、および必要であればリン酸エステル化合物を導入することによって調製され、ゆえに、優れた耐衝撃性、高流動性および高耐熱性を維持しながらも優れた難燃性を提供できる。
Patent JP-2009523714-A (JP)
Title: 封入された薬剤を放出するための被包膜、その製造方法、およびその使用方法
IPC: B01J13/04
Filed: 2006-12-21
Abstract: 本発明は水性溶媒に封入された薬剤を放出するための被包膜に関する。酸化性塩素−酸素化合物の水溶液は、中性水性溶媒中で不溶性である前記被包膜に封入されている。有利な実施形態においては、被包膜が特にコア／シェル原理によるカプセル構造となっている。前記コアは海綿状の湿潤構造を示し、酸化性塩素−酸素化合物の水溶液を中に含有する。一方、シェルは水に不溶性であって、前記塩素−酸素化合物を長期間に渡って特に水性溶媒中に放出する細孔を有する。この被包膜は、液体および基質表面、特に布、フィルター材料、膜、狭い間隙、接続部および／または充填成分の消毒および浄化、水、特に飲料水および水泳プール用水の消毒、およびフィルター材料の消毒に最も適しており、この独創的な被包膜はその薬剤を溶媒中に、または基質上に放出し、薬剤は特に連続的定量的な形態で長期間に渡って処理される。
Patent JP-2009526464-A (JP)
Title: ＩＰＳｅｃでの再伝送防止ウィンドウの更新方法及び装置
IPC: H04L12/56
Filed: 2006-11-10
Abstract: ＩＰＳｅｃでの再伝送防止ウィンドウの更新方法及び装置を提供する。受信パケットから抽出されたシーケンスナンバーと、再伝送防止ウィンドウのシーケンスナンバーの最大値との差が所定値以上であるか否かを判断するステップと、所定値以上であると判断される場合、再伝送防止ウィンドウのサイズに基づいた第１ビットマップと、受信パケットから抽出されたシーケンスナンバーに基づいた第２ビットマップとをそれぞれ生成するステップと、第１ビットマップ及び第２ビットマップそれぞれで所定時間の間に受信されたパケットのビット値の個数を比較して、再伝送防止ウィンドウを更新するステップと、で構成されて、ネットワーク上のホスト間にさらに安全かつパケット受信状態に合うように通信可能にＩＰＳｅｃで再伝送防止ウィンドウを更新できる。
Patent JP-2009529841-A (JP)
IPC: H04R25/00
Filed: 2007-03-08
Abstract: A hearing aid with a communication circuit for wireless communication, the circuit includes a receiver for reception of data, and a communication controller that is configured for determining a delay between a receiver activation and an actual start of reception of data, and adjusting a next receiver activation in accordance with the determined delay.
Patent JP-2010158601-A (JP)
Title: Liquid refining unit, and liquid refining device and sauna apparatus using the same
Inventor: KONDO HIROYUKI
IPC: A61H33/06
Filed: 2009-01-06
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve liquid refining efficiency as regards a liquid refining unit, a liquid refining device, and a sauna apparatus using the liquid refining device.  <P>SOLUTION: The liquid refining unit includes: a cylindrical outer shell 2; a rotary shaft 3 disposed vertically within the outer shell 2; a plurality of rotating plates 4a, 4b fixed to the rotary shaft 3 in the axial direction at prescribed intervals; a liquid supply unit 5 that supplies liquid to the upper surface of the upper stage rotating plate 4a; and a water retaining unit 8 and a liquid path 9 which are provided as a liquid resupplying unit that guides the liquid inside the outer shell 2 to the upper surface of the lower stage rotating plate 4b. To the inner wall of the outer shell 2, a plurality of projections 7a, 7b that project toward the rotary shaft 3 are provided. The plurality of projections 7a, 7b constitute collision surfaces in which the surfaces opposing to the rotating direction of the plurality of rotating plates 4a, 4b are nearly orthogonal to the tangential direction of the plurality of rotating plates 4a, 4b.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2010030980-A (JP)
Title: Agent and method for protecting fruit from sunburn
Inventor: KAWAMURA NAOKI
IPC: A01N59/02
Filed: 2009-01-09
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a dusting powder for suppressing the production of sunburned fruits.  <P>SOLUTION: The agent for protecting fruits from sunburn essentially includes a water-soluble calcium salt (except for calcium lignin sulfonate) and a lignin sulfonate, provided that the compounding ratio of the water-soluble calcium salt to the lignin sulfonate in terms of weight is within the range of 90:10 to 50:50. The agent is prepared into an aqueous solution and sprayed onto fruit trees during July through September.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2010160760-A (JP)
Title: Light guide sheet, key input device and mobile terminal
Inventor: MORIMOTO TOYOHIKO
IPC: H01H13/702
Filed: 2009-01-09
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To light keys divided into groups by each group by extremely simple configuration in a key input device and a mobile terminal using a light guide sheet.  <P>SOLUTION: In the key input device configured such that a key sheet is arranged on a substrate, the light guide sheet 16 is arranged on the key sheet, and a key unit on which a key top is formed is arranged on the light guide sheet 16, many recessed parts 163 for reflection to evenly irradiate the key top with light are formed on the lower surface 162 of the light guide sheet 16, each recessed part 163 for reflection has the shape of being notched from the lower surface 162 at a state that a triangle pole is arranged sideways, a surface facing irradiated light from a light source 18a or 18b which advances in the horizontal direction (direction along thickness of the light guide sheet 16) in the light guide sheet 16 is formed in an inclined surface 1631, a surface on the opposite side of the irradiated light from the light source 18a or 18b is formed on a vertical surface 1632.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2010163664-A (JP)
Title: Method of separating rhodium and copper
Inventor: ASANO SATOSHI
IPC: C22B3/44
Filed: 2009-01-16
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of easily and efficiently separating copper and rhodium from a solution or a solid mixture in which rhodium and a large quantity of copper are coexistent.  <P>SOLUTION: The method of separating rhodium and copper is characterized in that, by incorporating sulfate ions into an aqueous solution containing rhodium and copper, the aqueous solution is separated into crystal components produced by the sulfate ions and the remaining liquid component.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2009078180-A (JP)
Title: Automatic head washing machine
Inventor: TAKEDA NOBUHIRO
IPC: A45D19/14
Filed: 2009-01-20
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an automatic head washing machine with which injection liquid from a nozzle is completely applied to the scalp and the scalp can be washed well too.  <P>SOLUTION: An arm rotation drive part 10 holds an arm support part 14 so that it can turn around a spindle 12. The arm support part contains an arm reciprocation drive part 16 and an injection liquid change part 18 and supports a circular nozzle arm 20 so that it can reciprocate in the length direction thereof. The nozzle arm is formed with comb teeth 54 at regular intervals, has scalp washing nozzles 60 at each of the ends and hair washing nozzles 62 are prepared between the comb teeth. Both nozzles are connected with the injection liquid change part 18 through liquid feeding passages which are separately installed in the nozzle arm. The injection liquid from the nozzle is changed in the injection liquid change part.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2010167834-A (JP)
Title: Relay device, vehicle information recording system, and vehicle information recording method
Inventor: HORIBATA HIROSHI
IPC: B60R16/023
Filed: 2009-01-20
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a relay device which can reproduce a vehicle state by effectively utilizing recorded resources that a drive recorder has and which can reduce a load on the drive recorder, and a vehicle information recording system including the relay device, and a vehicle information recording method.  <P>SOLUTION: Gateways 6a, 6b, 6c 6d each include databases 61a, 61b, 61c, 61d respectively and receive and store data from each of ECUs 2a, 2b, 2c or sensors 3a, 3b, 3d. The gateway 6d connected to the drive recorder 4 having a hard disk reconstructs (generates) vehicle information including an appropriate format, fixed status information and the like, for example, that should be recorded into the drive recorder 4 based on data stored in the database 61d and transmitted from on-vehicle apparatus arranged all over a vehicle and the generated information is transmitted to the drive recorder 4 for recording.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2010169296-A (JP)
Title: Material charging device, method of charging material, and melting furnace system
Inventor: ANZAI NORIYUKI
IPC: F27B3/18
Filed: 2009-01-21
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a material charging device capable of elongating its service life, a method of charging a material by using the material charging device, and a melting furnace system including the material charging device, capable of charging the material through a charging port of a melting furnace and suppressing deterioration caused by the heat from the melting furnace.  <P>SOLUTION: This material charging device 30 for charging the material into the melting furnace 10 through the charging port 13 formed on the melting furnace 10, includes a body section 40 reciprocating to be close to or separated from the melting furnace 10, and a material holding section 60 holding the material charged into the melting furnace 10, wherein the material holding section 60 is movable in the direction intersecting the reciprocating direction of the body section 40, and reciprocates to be close to or separated from the melting furnace 10 with the body section 40 in a state of projecting from the body section 40 in the direction intersecting the reciprocating direction.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2009139970-A (JP)
Title: High-speed drive method for liquid crystal
Inventor: OKITA MASAYA
IPC: G09G3/34
Filed: 2009-01-24
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problem wherein liquid crystal cannot be driven at a speed equal to or higher than that of a cathode ray tube, when that color display is performed by using three-color backlights.  <P>SOLUTION: A sheet of a liquid crystal panel, and an illumination means which flickers at a fixed period at the liquid crystal panel are provided, and a first step of applying a first voltage, based on gradation data between two electrodes holding the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal panel therebetween, and a second step of applying a second voltage between the two electrodes, regardless of the gradation data are switched sequentially within a fixed period and at a fixed ratio of time.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2009194904-A (JP)
Title: Printed antenna with dual-beam diagram
Inventor: MOTTA CRUZ EDUARDO
IPC: H01Q1/40
Filed: 2009-01-26
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enhance directivity of a printed patch antenna for a mobile communication cell.  <P>SOLUTION: A printed antenna comprises: a ground plane; a substrate overlapped on the ground plane; a metal layer produced on the substrate for forming a resonant patch 3; and a power feeding means for exciting the resonant patch, wherein the patch has a dimension suited so as to perform radiations in both upper electromagnetic wave modes TM<SB>02</SB>and TM<SB>20</SB>, and the power feeding means excites the patch at one exciting point 4 disposed along with the patch so as to resonate the patch in one of the upper electromagnetic wave modes by inducting a dual-beam diagram having, within the same plane orthogonal to the patch, two main non-aligned radiation lobes symmetric with respect to a normal of the patch.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2010175087-A (JP)
Title: Remote control device of air conditioner
Inventor: OKETANI TAKESHI
IPC: F24F11/02
Filed: 2009-01-27
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent incomplete confirmation of failure codes in case that failures occur in a plurality of indoor units.  <P>SOLUTION: This remote control device of an air conditioner unconditionally goes to a step 402 when pressing of an inspection switch for a prescribed time or more is detected in a step 301, whether all of indoor unit numbers of the failed indoor units are selected is determined in a step 302, until the pressing of the inspection switch for the prescribed time or more is detected in the step 301, and whether the inspection switch is pressed again is detected in a step 404 only when the unselected indoor unit number does not remain, thus the confirmation can not be completed only by confirming the failure codes of a part of the indoor units in an ordinary operation when the failures occur in the plurality of indoor units, and the confirmation can be forcibly completed by a special operation.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2010172385-A (JP)
Title: Fixing device and fixing method for sprinkler device
Inventor: AKIYOSHI YASUSHI
IPC: A62C35/68
Filed: 2009-01-27
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fixing device and a fixing method firmly fixing an aqueduct connection type sprinkler device to a ceiling joist and easily adjusting the installation position of the sprinkler device.  <P>SOLUTION: The fixing device (10) includes a pair of rails (12, 14) fixed to the ceiling joist (6) and a fixing member (20) fixed to the pair of rails (12, 14), and the sprinkler device (2) is fixed to the fixing member (20). The sprinkler device (2) has a joint (30) provided with two connection ports (34a, 34b) and a resin hose (32) connected to the two connection ports. The fixing member (20) can be slid along the pair of rails (12, 14) in the state that it is temporarily fixed to the pair of rails (12, 14).  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2009102745-A (JP)
Title: Method for manufacturing coated particulate
Inventor: HENDRICKSON WILLIAM
IPC: B22F1/10
Filed: 2009-01-29
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an improved method for manufacturing a coated particulate.  <P>SOLUTION: Improved methods for coating particulate materials at low shear conditions and preferably below the melting point of the coating material are provided. In one aspect, metallurgical compositions are provided that contain a metal-based powder bound to an alloying powder or powders by way of a low melting polymer or wax binding agent, which is preferably polyethylene. The binding agent is blended with the metal-based and alloying powders at elevated temperatures preferably below the melting point of the binding agent. The bonded metallurgical composition can be used in compaction processes to manufacture compacted parts that can be sintered to impact strength.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2010175839-A (JP)
Title: Optical mechanism
Inventor: TAKAYAMA KOICHI
IPC: G03B19/12
Filed: 2009-01-29
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an optical mechanism that is applied to an imaging device or the like employing an imaging element, suppresses power consumption by efficiently performing motor operation during continuous photograph shooting, and responds also to high-speed continuous shooting.  <P>SOLUTION: This optical mechanism includes a movable mirror reciprocating between a mirror down position to a light path of an imaging optical system and a mirror up position evacuated from the light path of the imaging optical system or a charge lever 7 for charging a spring for energizing a mechanical shutter for adjusting the exposure time of the imaging element, a cam 5 that is a member for performing turning and adjusts the amount of the charge performed by the charge lever 7, and a control section 15 for performing turning speed control for continuously turning the cam 5 at a speed lower than the speed of the cam 5 when the charge is released in the period since the charge is released until the charge is started again.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2010182026-A (JP)
Title: Keyboard, computer system, focus movement method and program
Inventor: SUGIHARA TOMOAKI
IPC: G06F3/02
Filed: 2009-02-04
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a keyboard having a focus selection function, the keyboard changing a focused window by a simple keyboard operation only.  <P>SOLUTION: On the back surface of a keyboard body 15, an inclination measurement instrument 14 is mounted, and also a hemisphere 12 is formed. On the bottom of the hemisphere 12, a weight 13 is arranged. With such a structure, when the keyboard body 15 is inclined along the curved surface of the hemisphere 12, the inclination measurement instrument 14 measures an inclination angle 23. The inclination angle 23 and a directional component of the inclination are transmitted to a non-illustrated computer multi-window system, as inclination information. Accordingly, in the non-illustrated multi-window system, a selected focus can be moved to a desired window, corresponding to the inclination information transmitted from a keyboard 11. When an external force is not applied to the keyboard body 15, the keyboard body 15 is maintained in a level state by the weight 13.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2010184370-A (JP)
Title: Inkjet recording device and inkjet recording method
Inventor: SHISHIDO KAZUNARI
IPC: B41J2/01
Filed: 2009-02-10
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an inkjet recording device and an inkjet recording method which can uniformize the using frequency of nozzles in a recording head while suppressing the reduction of throughput to the minimum.  <P>SOLUTION: In the case where specified nozzles N1, N3, N5, N7 repeat the discharge of inks continuous for a prescribed time or above, in accordance with the period at which the transportation amount of a recording medium is made larger than a prescribed amount, the specified nozzles are changed to N9, N11, N13, N15 and N17, N19, N21, N23.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2010184975-A (JP)
Title: Perimidine-based squarylium compound, and material and method for image formation
Inventor: DEN TAMINORI
IPC: C09B57/00
Filed: 2009-02-10
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a compound having low absorbance in the visible wavelength region of 400-750 nm and sufficiently high absorbance in the region of 760-900 nm; a material for image formation including the same; and a method for image formation utilizing the same.  <P>SOLUTION: This perimidine-based squarylium compound is represented by formula (I). The material for image formation includes the compound. The method for image formation utilizes the material for image formation.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2010185830-A (JP)
Title: Mobile terminal, gps positioning method, and gps positioning system
Inventor: HORIGUCHI TOSHIKAZU
IPC: G01S19/25
Filed: 2009-02-13
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a technology allowing use of the position of a wireless base station as an initial value of the positioning of the current position, even if the positional information is not acquired from the wireless base station every position registration.  <P>SOLUTION: This mobile terminal includes a position registering means for registering the position in the wireless base station when a signal transmitted from the wireless base station is received, a current position managing means for accumulating, as a base station position list, the base station position as the position of the wireless base station acquired from the wireless base station in association with the wireless base station, an initial position managing means that manages the initial position used as the initial value for calculating the current position and updates the initial position to the base station position, if the base station position of the wireless base station is recorded on the base station position list when the position is registered in a new wireless base station, and a current-position calculating means for performing operation for calculating the current position using received electric waves from a GPS (global positioning) satellite, utilitizing the initial position as the initial value.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2010184685-A (JP)
Title: Control device of electric power steering device
Inventor: KAMIGUCHI HARUHIKO
IPC: B62D5/04
Filed: 2009-02-13
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a control device of an electric power steering device capable of continuing the overheat protection of a motor and a control unit, when there is no need to stop an assist of steering wheel steering, without reaching dangerous behavior by failure and abnormality of a motor current detecting part, by carrying out overheat protection by using a motor terminal voltage and a motor current estimate value, even when a current detecting part causes failure.  <P>SOLUTION: This control device of the electric power steering device performs a steering assist by driving the motor by a motor driving circuit based on a motor current command value by arithmetically operating the motor current command value based on a detecting value of steering torque and a motor current, and includes a motor current abnormality detecting part for detecting abnormality of the current detecting part of the motor current, and a motor current estimate value arithmetic operation part for estimating a motor current estimate value when detecting abnormality of the current detecting part. When detecting the abnormality of the current detecting part, the motor current estimate value is used instead of the detection value of the motor current for carrying out the overheat protection of the motor and the control unit.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2009102441-A (JP)
Title: Kinetic resolution of intermediate useful in production of benazepril and analogue thereof
Inventor: TSENG WEI-HONG
IPC: C07D223/16
Filed: 2009-02-16
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for preparing angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor useful for therapy of hypertension, chronic heart failure and progressive chronic renal failure.  <P>SOLUTION: The method is useful for mass production of 3-[(1'-(alkoxycarbonyl)-3'-phenylpropyl)amino]-2-oxo-[1]-benzazepine and derivatives thereof, and especially, represents a specific method for converting an intermediate compound of benazepril synthesis from one diastereomer form R, S to another diastereomer form S, S of a required form for benazepril production by using an epimerization method and kinetic resolution of a class of chemical compounds.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2010191089-A (JP)
Title: Image forming apparatus and control program
Inventor: YAMAGUCHI YOJI
IPC: G03G15/02
Filed: 2009-02-17
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a charging device where a charging member may be efficiently cleaned.  <P>SOLUTION: An image forming apparatus includes: a plurality of charging members (electrode wire 33) which apply charging voltage between each charging member and corresponding charged body (photoreceptor drum 1); a plurality of cleaning members (a first pad 37 and second pad 38) which remove adherent matters by reciprocating in a contact state with each charging member and wait in a waiting position in a non-cleaning time; a plurality of detection means (detection switches SW1 to SW4) which detect by availability of electric connection whether or not each cleaning member is located in the waiting position; and a series circuit that connects the plurality of detection means in series, wherein when the cleaning members clean the charging members, an outward movement is started from a cleaning member on a side corresponding to one end of the series circuit, and a homeward movement is completed from a cleaning member on a side corresponding to the other end of the series circuit.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT