Patent EA-032714-B1 (EA)
Title: Method for comprehensively processing brown coal and leonardite into humic fertilizers and preparations and into fuel briquettes, and mechanochemical reactor for processing highly-viscous media
Inventor: SEVAST'YANOV VLADIMIR PETROVICH
IPC: C05G3/80
Filed: 2014-07-23
Abstract: A method for comprehensively processing coal-type caustobiolites, predominantly brown coal and leonardite, into humic organic and organomineral fertilizers and into preparations producing fuel briquettes, including carrying out main processes in continuous flows, carrying out leaching processes based on aqueous solutions with hydromodulus of close to 2, carrying out acidification processes with the formation of humic acids released from a liquid phase into a heavy phase of a coagulated pulp, carrying out mechanical phase separation processes in a centrifugal field, carrying out liquid-phase mechanoactivation and the dispersion of reaction compositions via grinding, using residual "water" in recycling, and including the production of water-soluble humic acids and fuel briquettes and allowing for the production of a wide range of products; preliminarily grinding raw materials to a 0-3 mm class, and cleaning and electrochemically softening water in preparing reaction aqueous solutions; using a liquid-phase raw material oxidation process, and using liquid-phase mechanoactivation and/or mechanochemical activation with the dispersion of reaction compositions by means of grinding and by means of dynamically shifting layers having statistical shift rate components of a medium to be processed which range from single-digit to tens of meters per second, accompanying said mechanoactivation with the dosed input into said medium of 10-40 MJ/mof mechanical energy, with the stabilization of said dosing regardless of the drift of all other parameters in said medium to be processed; wherein said grinding and shifting processes are formed by means of statistical and dynamic characteristics; in this way, a dynamic hydro-pulse effect on a medium to be processed is carried out within a range of frequencies floating between infrasound and frequencies bordering on ultrasound, wherein the processing is carried out beginning with higher frequencies; in addition, providing for automatically maintaining maximum parameters for inputting mechanical energy into the medium to be processed, while automatically restricting same within a sub-cavitation zone in order to prevent the transition of the mechanochemical reactors into cavitation modes. A mechanochemical reactor for the conversion of anomalously viscous media including suspensions and pulps made according to the design assembly on the basis of a classical rod mill, consisting of a case forming a grinding chamber with loading and off-loading gaps, with rotors installed inside it and equipped with impact rods and drives; the grinding chamber is equipped with rotating cleaning devices equipped with their own drives having no mechanical connection with rotor drives; the cleaning devices are made in the form of rotating mini-rotors equipped with cleaning rods; the cleaning mini-rotors are located in the plane of one of the operating rotors so that the rotation axes of the mini-rotors are situated on the curve which is part of the concentric circumference of the operating rotors, a circumference with the diameter due to which these mini-rotors are located at the periphery of the operating rotors with the approximate "preservation" of the distances between the cleaning rods and the operating rotor rods (in case of positioning the operating and cleaning rotors into the positions of the maximum approach of the rods to each other); in this case, the drawing forces of the cleaning rods, in view of the rotation direction of the mini-rotors, applied to the peripheral (relative to the operating rotors) flow of the medium being converted are directed to turn this peripheral (upward) flow down, to the off-load gap, owing to the friction forces of this medium relative to the cleaning rods, which ensures the most effective cleaning of the reaction volume of the reactor possible; to prevent the ingression of the compositions being converted into the space between the plane of the rotor disk and the case of the reactor under the effect of centrifugal forces, the "classical" hydraulic puller is used, which ensures the feed of the medium being converted into the reaction chamber omitting the gap between the rotor and the case of the reactor; the design of the operating rotor rods is reinforced along with their radial withdrawal from the rotor rotation axis, the rod diameters being increased, and the number or rods being the same in each circular row; the high viscosity medium being converted is fed into the reaction chamber using a specially active concentric two-screw channel; the reliability of the casting of the flow of the medium being converted in radial directions into the area of rod activation interaction is ensured by embedded pump-and-screw blades; the possibility of adjustable feed of the second, liquid component of the medium being converted via an autonomous channel is ensured; the main motion drive of the reactor (rotating operating rotors) and the drive for feeding the medium being converted into the reactor are made speed-adjustable and are mutually regulated in a functionally coherent manner by means of a special controller to ensure the optimal conversion modes for the reaction compositions - the medium being converted; the border of the potential shift to cavitation mode is controlled using an acoustic sensor embedded in the case of the reactor, and due to this fact, the speeds of the reactor drives are regulated, ensuring the automatic stabilization of the reactor operation mode in the sub-cavitation area.