Patent GB-938544-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in apparatus for correcting the position of a measure-determining element of a machine tool
IPC: B24B49/04
Filed: 1960-04-08
Abstract: 938,544. Machine tool details. ULVSUNDA VERKSTADER A.B. April 8, 1960 [April 9, 1959], No. 12528/60. Class 83 (3). [Also in Group XXIII] Apparatus for correcting the position of a measure-determining element of a machine tool in response to deviations from truth of a workpiece just machined comprises a gauging device adapted to receive said workpiece and co-operating with means causing a fluid under pressure to actuate the movable part of a servomotor, wherein an auxiliary member disposed between said movable part and said element is adapted to be connected with and moved by said movable part in one direction in response to the magnitude of said deviation by a comparatively light force, and without any interconnection with said element and when displaced back towards the initial position to entrain said element for correcting its position while actuated by a relatively heavy force by means of another servomotor which is separate from said auxiliary member. The element may be a lathe tool together with its carrying cross-slide in an automatic lathe or a positive stop abutment against which a tool slide or machine carriage is arrested. Compressed air supplied to a pipe 14 containing a throttling passage 18 passes through a pipe 16 to a nozzle 20 opening through the cylindrical wall of a gauge 10. When a ring 22, the bore of which has been ground, is placed on the gauge 10 the resulting pressure rise in the pipe 16 acts, through a pipe 24, to move a valve 26 to admit compressed air, supplied to a pipe 32 and a throttle 30, to a cylinder 36 containing a piston 38 which is thus given a stroke against the action of a spring. The rod of the piston 38 is pivotally connected to a lever 44 formed with a notch 54 engaging successively four pins on a disc 46 so that each stroke of the piston 38 rotates the disc 46 through 90 degrees. The disc 46 is keyed on a shaft 48 which carries cams 92, 94, 96, 98 each having four equallyspaced lobes, the cams actuating valves, in a controller 50, to which compressed air is supplied through a pipe 106. Bellows 58, 60 carry a partition 62. A pipe 64 connected to the controller valve actuated by the cam 92 contains a control valve 66 and joins branch pipes 68, 70. The branch pipe 68 is connected through a throttling passage 76 with a pipe 72 communicating (a) with the interior of the bellows 58 and (b) with atmosphere through a throttling passage 80 with an adjusting screw 82. The branch pipe 70 is connected through a throttling passage 78 with a pipe 74 communicating (a) with the interior of the bellows 60 and (b) through a pipe 84 and a chamber 86 within the gauge 10 with opposed outlet orifices 88, 90 in its cylindrical wall. Thus when the valve actuated by the cam 92 is open, as a consequence of placing a ground workpiece 22 on the gauge 10, the partition 62 will be moved a distance corresponding to the deviation of the bore of the workpiece from the desired size. The partition 62 carries a pin having a ballshaped head 114 seated in a recess 116 in a servomotor 118 having an annular chamber 120 the bottom of which is closed by a flexible membrane 122 to which is attached an annular disc 124. The servomotor 118 has a boss 126 slidingly engaging a longitudinal slot 128 in an auxiliary member 108 slidably mounted in bores 110, 112 in the stationary frame of the apparatus. The member 108 has a projection 130. The cam 94 of the controller 50, by opening its corresponding valve, admits compressed air through a pipe 132 to the chamber 120, so that the membrane 122 clamps the auxiliary member 108 between the disc 124 and a shoulder 135 on the boss 126, causing the member 108 to move with the partition 62. The element of the machine tool to be positionally monitored is connected with a member 136, e.g. a spur gear. If the element is constituted by a diamond point for dressing the grinding disc of a grinding-machine, turning the member 136 effects a displacement of the diamond point relative to the axis of the workpiece up to a predetermined radius, as disclosed in Specification 749,127. The gear 136 is engageable with the member 108 by a rack lever 138 pivoted to the member 108 and actuated by the spring-loaded piston 142 of a servomotor 144 carried by the member 108. The cam 98 of the controller 50, by opening its corresponding valve, admits compressed air through a pipe 146 to the servomotor 144, so that the piston 142 is moved causing the teeth of lever 138 to engage the gear 136, whereby displacement of the member 108 effects rotation of the gear 136. Disposed on either side of the projection 130 are servomotors 150, 152 having spring-loaded pistons 154, 155 with piston-rods 156. The cam 96 of the controller, by opening its corresponding valve admits compressed air through a pipe 158 to the servomotors 150, 152 which are more powerful than the differential bellows 56, 58. The apparatus may correct the mean error of a number of machined workpieces. In the embodiment described, corrections may be effected subsequent to the machining either of each workpiece or of four workpieces. To this end, the cams 96, 98 and single-lobed cams 160, 162 are displaceable along the shaft 48 of the controller 50 so as to cause either the former or the latter cams to be effective for operating the air valves. Operation.-When a machined workpiece 22 is placed on the gauge, the increased back pressure in pipe 16 actuates valve 26. Pressure air then moves piston 38 to rotate disc 46 of controller 50. The speed of movement is adjusted by throttle 30, one stroke being performed in e.g. 10-12 seconds. Cams 92, 94 are the first to open their valves, whereby bellows 58, 60 are pressurized and member 108 is clamped to partition 62. The member 108 is thus moved a distance proportional to the error in the internal diameter of the machined workpiece. When displacement of member 108 has ceased, cam 98 opens its valve, engaging part 138 with part 136 and cam 94 closes its valve so as to unclamp member 108 from partition 62. Cam 92 also closes its valve so as to de-pressurize bellows 58, 60 so that partition 62 returns to its zero position. Cam 96 then opens its valve actuating the pistons 154, 155 to restore the member 108 to its zero position, thereby effecting the adjustment of part 136. If cams 160, 162 are rendered effective instead of cams 96, 98 so that adjustment is effected only after four workpieces have been gauged, the valve 66 is adjusted so that the pressure supplied to the bellows 58, 60 is onefourth of the pressure previously used.