Patent GB-1147968-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in method of controlling nuclear reactor
IPC: G21C7/00
Filed: 1967-05-15
Abstract: 1,147,968. Controlling reactors. GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. 15 May, 1967 [16 May, 1966], No. 22425/67. Heading G6C. A method of operating a nuclear reactor comprises manipulating the control rods in the reactor core in a predetermined sequence, the rods being divided into four groups which are withdrawn or inserted successively, all the rods in each group being completely withdrawn or inserted prior to proceeding to the next group, thereby bringing the reactor from a least reactivity condition to a 50% control rod density condition in which the control rods form a checkerboard pattern, or vice versa. No two rods in any group are either nearest or next nearest neighbours and each group has the same number of rods. By this means the control rod worth (i.e. the neutron absorption effectiveness) of any individual control rod remaining in the reactor core is kept at a minimum. The invention is described with reference to a boiling water reactor (Fig. 1), the core 18 of which includes a plurality of vertical fuel bundles 20. Each bundle 20 consists of a plurality of longitudinally extending fuel rods positioned in spaced relation by top and bottom fittings which have openings to permit moderator-coolant flow, an open ended flow channel surrounding the fuel rods of each bundle. A plurality of longitudinally extending control rod guide tubes 24 have their lower ends secured to the bottom head 23 of the reactor vessel 10, their upper ends being laterally supported by a grid plate 26 The upper end of each guide tube 24 is provided with four sockets (not shown) and a cruciform-shaped opening (not shown). Four fuel bundles 20 are supported by each guide tube 24, the bottom fitting of each bundle being mounted in one of the four sockets. Each guide tube 24 is provided with openings 28. A cruciform-shaped control rod 32 is located in each guide tube 24 and extends through the cruciform-shaped opening to be moved vertically between the four fuel bundles 20 resting on the guide tube 24. A shroud 36 is mounted within the vessel 10 to provide a downcomer annulus 37 between it and the vessel wall. The water flowing from a supply chamber 30 beneath the grid plate 26 is divided into two parallel streams: 90% passes successively through the openings 28 and the fuel bundles 20 into a plenum 27, and 10% passes through openings 59 between the guide tubes 24 and the associated openings in the grid plate 26 and upward between the fuel bundle flow channels to cool the control rods 32. The control rods 23 are arranged in a plurality of 3 x 3 arrays. The control method comprises (1) forming a first network of 3 x 3 arrays such that the control rod in each of the four corners of each array is common with that in the corner position of a diagonally adjacent array, (2) forming a second network of 3 x 3 arrays such that adjacent pairs of control rods in the corner position of each array of the second network are common with adjacent pairs of control rods in the corner positions of adjacent arrays of the first network, (3) actuating all of the centre control rods of the 3 x 3 arrays of the first network, (4) actuating all of the centre control rods of the 3 x 3 arrays of the second network, (5) actuating two of the corner rods along one of the diagonals of all the 3 x 3 arrays of either the first or second network, and (6) actuating the remaining two corner rods along the other diagonal of all the 3 x 3 arrays of either the first or second network. A 50% control rod density is then achieved with the desired checkerboard pattern. At the beginning of the fuel cycle the power level of the reactor should be above the hot standby condition (zero power output) when the 50% control rod density point is reached. The rod withdrawal beyond the checkerboard pattern necessary to achieve the desired operating pattern is best obtained by a symmetric withdrawal sequence starting at the periphery of the reactor core such that the peripheral circle of rods is fully withdrawn. Then several of the central rods are withdrawn to bring the reactor up to full power.