baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20100022821-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus for imprinting fine structures
Inventor: LIM YONG JIN
IPC: H01L21/027
Filed: 2008-08-20
Abstract: PURPOSE: An apparatus for imprinting a fine structure is provided to prevent misalignment by projecting a light between a first chamber and a second chamber. CONSTITUTION: A micro-pattern imprinting apparatus comprises a first chamber(110), a second chamber(120), and a light source(300). The first chamber and the second chamber provide the process space. An imprint lithography is performed by using the stamp(M) through a process space. The stamp has a pattern on the substrate. The substrate is coated with the photo-curable polymer resin. The light source radiates the light between the first chamber and the second chamber.
Patent KR-20100024766-A (KR)
Inventor: JUNG DAE WOOK
IPC: B29C45/02
Filed: 2008-08-26
Abstract: 사출성형된 체인을 신장하여 체인유닛의 상하 폭이 좁아지도록 하면서 체인유닛의 굵기가 가늘어지도록 하고 체인유닛의 중앙부가 내측으로 굽힘되어 심미감이 향상되도록 하면서 체인유닛의 탄력성 및 견고성이 향상되도록 하는 플라스틱 체인의 제조방법이 개시된다. 이 방법은 다수의 체인유닛을 이음매 없이 일체로 연결되도록 사출성형하여 플라스틱 체인을 형성하는 체인 형성단계와; 사출성형된 고온 상태의 상기 체인을 상온에서 자연 냉각시키는 1차 냉각단계와; 상기 체인의 자연 냉각이 완료된 후에 상기 체인을 끓는 물이 든 열탕 속에 집어넣고 가열시키는 열탕 가열단계와; 상기 체인이 끓는 물에 의해 가열되면 열탕 속에서 상기 체인의 양단을 좌우로 동시에 잡아당겨 신장시키는 가열 신장단계와; 상기 체인의 신장이 완료된 후에 상기 체인을 열탕에서 빼내어 상온에서 자연 냉각시키는 2차 냉각단계를; 포함한다. 
       
     체인, 플라스틱, 제조, 사출, 성형
Patent KR-20090023199-A (KR)
Title: Optical film, and glass
Inventor: KAMADA KOH
IPC: G02B5/30
Filed: 2008-08-27
Abstract: An optical film and glass are provided to improve stability by enhancing the antireflection effect of an inner surface without the influence of the wind shield shape. An optical film(10) includes a vertical polarization film(1) and a pi/2 optical rotation film(2). The vertical polarization film has an absorption axis and a polarizer. The polarizer is aligned vertically to the film surface. An optical rotator rotates the vibration direction of the linear polarization as much as 90 degrees. The pi/2 optical rotation film is formed in both sides of the vertical polarization film. The optical film includes an antireflection layer(4).
Patent KR-20100026067-A (KR)
Title: Automobil engin perfect combustion structure
Inventor: NO YOUNG MIN
IPC: F02B31/04
Filed: 2008-08-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: A structure of an automobile engine perfect combustion apparatus is provided to reduce the exhaustion of harmful smoke gas by supplying mixed air to a combustion chamber, thereby completely burning the mixed air. CONSTITUTION: A structure of an automobile engine perfect combustion apparatus comprises main body guides(1,2), a propeller(3), a bearing(4), and a snap ring(5). The mixed air fuel supplied from a vaporizer passes a propeller through a main body guide and is converted into the mixed air fuel of strong tornado vortex.
Patent KR-20100026178-A (KR)
Title: 리세스 게이트를 갖는 반도체 장치 및 그 제조방법
Inventor: KIM YOUNG JIN
IPC: H01L29/78
Filed: 2008-08-29
Abstract: 본 발명은 첨점(horn)이 형성되는 것을 방지함과 동시에 전류구동능력을 향상시킬 수 있는 리세스게이트를 갖는 반도체 장치 및 그 제조방법에 관한 것으로, 이를 위한 본 발명의 반도체 장치는, 소자분리막에 의해 활성영역이 정의된 기판; 상기 소자분리막과 상기 활성영역을 동시에 가로지르는 게이트 및 상기 게이트 아래 상기 활성영역에 형성되고, 채널폭방향으로 중심부의 저면보다 양측 가장자리의 저면이 더 낮은 제1리세스패턴을 포함하고 있으며, 상술한 본 발명에 따르면, 첨점으로부터 자유롭고, 전류구동능력이 향상된 반도체 장치를 제공할 수 있다.  
       
     첨점, 전류구동능력, 리세스
Patent KR-20100027831-A (KR)
Title: Biosensor having screen-printed electrode based on catalytic activity of hydrazine for detecting biomolecule and preparation method thereof
Inventor: SHIM YOON BO
IPC: G01N33/53
Filed: 2008-09-03
Abstract: PURPOSE: A biosensor for detecting biomolecule using screen print electrode based on hydrazine catalytic activity is provided to reproducibly and sensitively detect biomolecule. CONSTITUTION: A biosensor for detecting biomolecule comprises: a screen print electrode in which surface is coated with electrical conductivity polymer; a dendrimer layer in which the electrical conductivity polymer and amide are bound; a probe fixed on an Au nanoparticle layer; a biotin target probe conjugated with biomolecule; and an avidin target hydrazine conjugated with the biotin.
Patent KR-20090029170-A (KR)
Title: Method and device for centrifugal force compensation on a machine tool with an electric clamp
Inventor: GEORG ROHM
IPC: B23Q3/06
Filed: 2008-09-12
Abstract: A method and an apparatus for compensating for the centrifugal force of a machine tool using an electric clamp are provided to compensate the centrifugal force by regulating the effect on the control of clamping jaws of the rotary chuck with respect to the instant speed of the rotary chuck. An apparatus for compensating for the centrifugal force of a machine tool comprises an electric clamp mounted on a housing(2), a threaded rod which is adjustable in the axial direction having an effect on the control of clamping jaws of a rotary chuck, a stepper motor(4) with a rotor which is linked with a drive wheel(6), and a controller which changes the effect through the threaded rod on the control of the clamping jaws of the rotary chuck.
Patent KR-20100033087-A (KR)
Title: Hair coloring composition using iridoid glucosides
Inventor: PARK BYOUNG KWON
IPC: A61K8/60
Filed: 2008-09-19
Abstract: PURPOSE: A hair coloring composition is provided to maintain softness of hair and color persistence with safety to human body. CONSTITUTION: A hair coloring composition contains iridoid glucosides and enzyme and amino acid hydrolyzing sugar from glucosides. The iridoid glucosides is iridoid glucosides or secoiridoid glucosides. The enzymes is selected from glucosidase, cellulose, isolase, and amylase. The iridoid glucosides is selected from geniposide, aucubin, genopocidic acid, gentiobioside, gardenoside and oleuropein.
Patent KR-20100033637-A (KR)
Title: Image sensor and method for manufacturing thereof
Inventor: HWANG JONG TAEK
IPC: H01L27/146
Filed: 2008-09-22
Abstract: PURPOSE: An image sensor and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to prevent chemical from penetrating into an organic material layer by forming a capping layer on a lower part of a micro lens formed by a low-temperature oxide layer. CONSTITUTION: A metal wiring layer is formed on a semiconductor substrate(10) including a plurality of optical detecting devices(20). A color filter array(60) is formed on the metal wiring layer. A planarization layer(70) is formed on the color filter array. A first capping layer(80) is formed by nitrogen doped amorphous silicon in which the nitrogen is doped on a planarization layer. A micro lens(100) is formed on a first capping layer by the low-temperature oxide.
Patent KR-20100033735-A (KR)
Title: Cleaning apparatus for display panel apparatus using rotating-absorption process and cleaning method for the same
Inventor: CHOI MIN OK
IPC: B08B1/04
Filed: 2008-09-22
Abstract: PURPOSE: A panel cleaning apparatus and method using rotation suction are provided to install a cleaning device capable of cleaning both sides of a panel within the minimum space and performing transfer, cleaning, and discharging of panels at the same time. CONSTITUTION: A panel cleaning apparatus using rotation suction comprises a panel transfer unit(200), rotation suction units(510,520), and cleaning units(610,620). Suction faces(525) of the rotation suction units are installed on a rotary shaft in parallel and rotate around the rotary shaft. A panel transported by the panel transfer unit is sucked to the suction faces at a selected position. The cleaning unit cleans the panel sucked by the rotation suction units.
Patent KR-20100002035-A (KR)
Title: Method and apparatus for processing 3d video image
Inventor: JUNG KIL SOO
IPC: G06T15/00
Filed: 2008-09-23
Abstract: PURPOSE: A 3D video image processing method which uses 2D video data and an apparatus thereof are provided to decode 2D video data, transform the brightness of the decoded video data, and output 3D video with a brightness that is transformed by converting the changed video data into 3D video. CONSTITUTION: A video data decoder(310) decodes video data from a 2D(Dimensional) image. A brightness transformation unit(320) changes the brightness of video data. A 3D video converter(330) changes the video data from a 2D image into that of a 3D image. An output unit(340) displays the 3D image. The brightness transformation unit changes the brightness distribution of a frequency distribution table of a current frame.
Patent KR-20100046074-A (KR)
Title: System and method for producing call conversion-based advertisement service
Inventor: PAICK SEUNG BIN
IPC: H04W76/02
Filed: 2008-09-25
Abstract: PURPOSE: A system and a method for producing a call conversion based advertisement service are provided to select mobile contents according the voice guidance, thereby improving an advertisement effect. CONSTITUTION: A voice guide unit(300) performs voice guidance about an advertisement by responding to a voice call. The voice guide unit forms a user setting information according input setting corresponding to the voice guidance. The voice call request a call through a reply number of SMS(Short Message Service) for the advertisement. A data call converter(400) converts the voice call to data call based on a user setting information. The data call converter provides a mobile page corresponding to the advertisement through the data call.
Patent KR-20100036114-A (KR)
Title: Combined net for preventing from entering of insect and asian dust through the window
Inventor: PARK JUNG SUNG
IPC: E06B9/52
Filed: 2008-09-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: A double insect screen is provided to prevent indoor pollution by selectively blocking insects and yellow dust, and to conveniently block and release a window. CONSTITUTION: A double insect screen is as composed as follows. An insect screen housing(100) is installed in the front of an insect screen frame(F) to accept an insect screen. A yellow dust preventive net housing(200) is installed in the rear of the insect screen frame to accept a yellow dust preventive net. Hangers(110) are coupled to the end of the insect screen and the yellow dust preventive net. Guide rails are coupled to both sides of the frame to guide the hangers. An operating button is installed in the hanger to fix and release the hanger.
Patent KR-20090035451-A (KR)
Inventor: NAKANISHI FUMITAKE
IPC: H01L33/06
Filed: 2008-10-02
Abstract: GaN 기판(10)의 반경을 r(m), GaN 기판의 두께를 t1(m), 에피택셜 웨이퍼(20)가 형성되기 전의 GaN 기판(10)의 비틀림을 h1(m), Al x Ga (1-x) N층(21)의 두께를 t2(m), 에피택셜 웨이퍼의 비틀림을 h2(m), GaN의 격자 상수를 a1, AlN의 격자 상수를 a2로 했을 때, (1.5×10 11 ×t1 3 ＋1.2×10 11 ×t2 3 )×{1/(1.5×10 11 ×t1)＋1/(1.2×10 11 ×t2)}/{15.96×x×(1－a2/a1)}×(t1＋t2)＋(t1×t2)/{5.32×x×(1－a2/a1)}－(r 2 ＋h 2 )/2h＝O 에 의해 구할 수 있는 t1의 값이 GaN 기판(10)의 최소 두께(t1)로 결정된다.  그리고, 이 최소 두께(t1) 이상 400 ㎛ 미만의 두께의 GaN 기판(10)이 형성된다.
Patent KR-20100042136-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE DONG SOP
IPC: H04L29/08
Filed: 2008-10-15
Abstract: 본 발명은 무선 USB 시스템의 DRP 구간 연산방법에 관한 것으로서, 무선 USB 시스템에서 MMC 패킷을 생성하면서 DRP의 남은 유지시간과 다음 DRP 구간의 시작점을 ZONE-MAS 테이블을 생성하면서 분석된 DRP 구간의 분포 상태를 파악한 벡터를 데이터베이스화하여 짧은 시간 내에 계산하여 MMC 패킷에 적용함으로써 MMC 처리에 소요되는 시간적 손실을 줄일 수 있다.  
       
     트랜잭션 그룹, MMC, DRP, 유지시간, 시작점, ZONE-MAS 테이블
Patent KR-20100047654-A (KR)
Title: Electric power generation system using wave force
Inventor: KIM CHUNG GUIL
IPC: F03B13/18
Filed: 2008-10-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: A wave power generator is provided to efficiently rotate a generator and produce electric energy by installing a float which floats corresponding to the flow of sea surface and multiple flow gears. CONSTITUTION: A wave power generator comprises a support(100), a support post(200), a float, and a float fixing unit(400). The support is fixed on the top of a seafloor(S1). The support post is vertically installed on the upper part of the support through a connection part(150). The float is installed to vertically move on the support post and flows to correspond to the flow of a sea surface(S2). The float fixing unit is connected to the support post and the float. A first flow gear(450) and a second flow gear(460) are formed on the upper of the float fixing unit.
Patent KR-20100048640-A (KR)
Title: Electronic component registration method
Inventor: LEE KANG IN
IPC: G01B11/24
Filed: 2008-10-31
Abstract: PURPOSE: An automatic electronic component registration method for of an electronic component mounting device is provided to easily check the registration of new insert target electronic component using the outer shape pattern block distance information of the electronic component. CONSTITUTION: A target automatic electronic component is displayed on a screen by generating taken image and information(S100). A mouse can designates a domain of screen in order to show an expanded image(S200). The most similar information to the existing information is searched by using an outer shape pattern which is expressed in the image of the new insert target part(S300). The center part of the existing registration part and the center part error of the new insert target part are calculated(S400). The center part error of the new insert target part is automatically registered(S500).
Patent KR-20100051197-A (KR)
Title: Image sensor and method for manufacturing the same
Inventor: CHOI HA KYU
IPC: H01L27/146
Filed: 2008-11-07
Abstract: PURPOSE: An image sensor and a method for manufacturing the same are provided to improve the sensitivity of the image sensor by forming anti-reflection layers in a trapezoidal shape between color filter layers. CONSTITUTION: A plurality of photo diodes(100) is formed in a semiconductor substrate. An interlayer insulation layer(200) is formed on the semiconductor substrate. A plurality of color filter layers(400) is formed on the interlayer insulation layer. Anti-reflection layers(320, 340) in a trapezoidal shape are formed between the color filter layers. Micro lenses(600) are formed on the color filter layers.
Patent KR-20100051342-A (KR)
Title: Rotor for brushless dc motor
Inventor: KIM YOUNG BOK
IPC: H02K1/27
Filed: 2008-11-07
Abstract: PURPOSE: A rotor for a brushless DC motor is provided to prevent the rust from being generated in a laminated core part and a driving shaft by applying an anti-vibration module. CONSTITUTION: A laminated core part(100) is formed by laminating a plurality of cores. A plurality of magnets(200) are arranged along the outer circumference of the laminated core part. A driving shaft(300) passes through the penetration hole of the laminated core part. An anti-vibration module(400) is separately manufactured from the driving shaft and the laminated core part. The anti-vibration module is fixed between the outer circumference of the driving shaft and the inner circumference surface of the penetration hole of the laminated core part. The anti-vibration module has the vibration transfer block structure. The anti-vibration module includes an outer sleeve, an inner sleeve, and anti-vibration rubber.
Patent KR-20100052062-A (KR)
Title: Heating roll
Inventor: ROH CHANG HYUN
IPC: D06C15/08
Filed: 2008-11-10
Abstract: PURPOSE: A heating roller having uniform quality conditions is provided to offer heat at a uniform temperature with a cylindrical container which is heated by heat medium oil after heating the heat medium oil with an electric heater. CONSTITUTION: A heating roll has the following: a rotary shaft(12) on the center of a cylindrical container; an outer container(11); a right and left partition wall(13) supporting the outer container and the rotary shaft; a heat sensor(32) and a plurality of electric heaters(31) on a space part between the outer container and the rotary shaft; a piston(42) in a cylinder; and an air hole(44) on an end cap(43).
Patent KR-20100056677-A (KR)
Title: Method for guiding the road by choice of the area
Inventor: KIM HYUNG JIN
IPC: G01C21/26
Filed: 2008-11-20
Abstract: PURPOSE: A road guide method depending on the area selection is provided to guide a driver the road by selecting the road preferred from the driver or by excluding the road not preferred. CONSTITUTION: The area selection information is entered on an area to use and an area not to use. The road guide is performed by applying the entered area selection information(S104). The area selection information comprises the road or region information selected to be used or not to be used when guiding the road. In the process that the area selection information is entered, the road or region is selected and registered using the address retrieving manner before guiding the road. The setup selection information is registered. The road guide is performed by applying the setup selection information and the area selection information.
Patent KR-20100058304-A (KR)
Title: Method and apparatus for converting a ngi file into a shp file
Inventor: CHO SEONG HWAN
IPC: G06F9/00
Filed: 2008-11-24
Abstract: PURPOSE: A conversion method to an SHP(Shape) file of an NGI(National Geographic Institute) file is provided to minimize time according to file conversion by converting the NGI file to the SHP file without NGI viewer program or GIS(Geographic Information System) software. CONSTITUTION: An NGI file is opened and conversion environment of an SHP file is configured(100). A space entity and attribute information by layer of the NGI file are extracted(102). According to the fixed conversion environment, the extracted space entity and attribute information is converted to a format of the SHP file and is saved(104). While converting a file format, an error is checked whether violation is or not about geometric limited condition and is corrected.
Patent KR-20100059003-A (KR)
Title: High voltage saw-toothed current driving circuit and memory device having the same
Inventor: KANG YONG HOON
IPC: H03K4/12
Filed: 2008-11-25
Abstract: PURPOSE: A high voltage saw-toothed current driving circuit and a method device including the same are provided to generate a pump current which is insensitive to an output voltage by optimizing a charge pump circuit. CONSTITUTION: A charge pump circuit(20) outputs a first voltage. A regulating circuit(30) outputs a second voltage by regulating the first voltage. According to the second voltage which is regulated by the regulating circuit, a saw-toothed current driver(10) generates a saw-toothed current. The first voltage is higher than the second voltage. The regulating circuit comprises a sensing circuit sensing the change of the second voltage, and a switching circuit and a charging circuit.
Patent KR-20100060075-A (KR)
Title: Device for checking oil pressure in hydraulic line
Inventor: LEE JONG HEON
IPC: G01L9/04
Filed: 2008-11-27
Abstract: PURPOSE: A pressure check apparatus for a hydraulic line is provided to facilitate inspection of a fixed pressure gauge and a hydraulic line through connection of an inspection pressure gauge to a check valve. CONSTITUTION: A pressure check apparatus for a hydraulic line comprises an inspection line(5), a check valve(10), an inspection pressure gauge(20), and a fixed pressure gauge(3). The inspection line is branched from a hydraulic line through which hydraulic fluid is provided. The check valve is installed in the inspection line in order to control the flow of the hydraulic fluid. The inspection pressure gauge is coupled with the check valve in order to sense the pressure of the hydraulic fluid. The fixed pressure gauge is fixed to the hydraulic line in order to sense the pressure of the hydraulic fluid.
Patent KR-20100060382-A (KR)
Title: No-boring and no-grouting direct bolt nail and cut-slop reinforcement method using the same
Inventor: LEE SANG DUK
IPC: E02D29/02
Filed: 2008-11-27
Abstract: PURPOSE: A no-boring and no-grouting direct bolt nail and a method for reinforcing a cut-slope using the same are provided to improve the exterior by simplifying a design and construction, and to minimize stirring. CONSTITUTION: A method for reinforcing a cut-slope using a no-boring and no-grouting direct bolt nail is as follows. A vertical cut surface is formed by cutting the bottom of a slope. A screw-shaped bolt nail is inserted into the ground formed inside the cut surface by rotating the bolt nail. A wall connected to the bolt nail is installed by a connection member. Soil is piled up between the wall and the ground.
Patent KR-20100062339-A (KR)
Title: Solar cells utilizing the anodic aluminum oxide layers and fabrication method thereof
Inventor: KIM TAE WHAN
IPC: H01L31/18
Filed: 2008-12-02
Abstract: PURPOSE: Solar cells using an anodic aluminum oxide and a method for manufacturing the same are provided to reduce the reflectivity of incident light using porous alumina as low reflection layer. CONSTITUTION: An element layer(55) is formed on a substrate(10). The element layer includes a lower part electrode(30), a photoelectric cell layer(40) and an upper part electrode(50). A lower part-low reflection layer(20) is formed between the substrate and the element layer with porous alumina. An upper part-low reflection layer(60) is formed on the element layer with the porous alumina. A photovoltaic layer is formed into a conductivity polymer layer(42) including a nano particle. An upper electrode in a pattern type is formed on the photovoltaic layer.
Patent KR-20100064097-A (KR)
Title: 운동기구용 회전장치
Inventor: I WAN JU
IPC: A63B21/068
Filed: 2008-12-04
Abstract: 본 발명은 외부로부터 유입되는 수분을 포함하는 이물질 등에 의한 부식의 우려가 없으며 무급유로 장기간 사용할 수 있는 운동기구용 회전장치에 관한 것으로, 다단의 내경을 갖는 원통형 하우징과, 상기 하우징을 관통하여 결합되는 회전축과, 상기 하우징과 회전축 사이에 마련되는 환형 베어링을 포함하여 구성되되, 상기 환형 베어링은 무급유 베어링으로 MC 나일론, 우레탄, 카본 및 Nylube 재질로 제작된다. 
       
     운동기구, 회전장치, 환형 베어링, 무급유, MC 나일론
Patent KR-20100066894-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM KWANG SOON
IPC: B65F1/00
Filed: 2008-12-10
Abstract: PURPOSE: A water removing trash can is provided to drain water through a square hole, formed at the center of a water drain, to a garbage support and enable a user to easily remove the water, since the garbage support can slide. CONSTITUTION: A water removing trash can comprises a waste net(21), a water drain(23) and a garbage support. The waste net fixes garbage. The waste net includes 4 edges(22) and is fixed to prevent movement. The water drain has a square hole at the center thereof and guides water to the garbage support.
Patent KR-20100067495-A (KR)
Title: Active flow varying multi-arrayed horizontal axis turbine tidal current power device
Inventor: JO CHEOL HEE
IPC: F03B13/26
Filed: 2008-12-11
Abstract: PURPOSE: An active flow control multi-array horizontal axis tidal turbine is provided to maintain high generation efficiency regardless of flow direction by regulating the inflow angle of fluid to the rotor to the right angle. CONSTITUTION: An active flow control multi-array horizontal axis tidal turbine comprises at least one or more supporting parts(100), one or more generating parts(200), and rotary links(300). The supporting parts are installed on the seafloor. The generating parts are installed in the supporting parts and include an underwater closure(210), a rotor(220), and a generator assembly(230). The rotor is pivotally installed in the underwater closure and rotated with tide. The generator assembly generates by receiving the torque of the rotor. The rotary links connect the generating parts to the supporting parts. According to the flow direction of the tide, the generating parts are rotated to keep the inflow angle of the fluid to the rotor at the right angle.
Patent KR-20100067956-A (KR)
Title: 테마를 담은 놀이
Inventor: KIM YOON YOUNG
IPC: A63F3/00
Filed: 2008-12-12
Abstract: 본 발명은 플레이세트-스타일 게임세트(10)를 사용한 테마가 있는 스토리를 실연(acting out)하는 기구 및 방법을 제공하 
     며, 각각의 플레이세트/게임은 스토리의 일부를 사용자가 실연하게 한다. 따라서, 게임 세트는 책 또는 영화와 같은 특별한 
     테마 또는 대중 문화 현상으로부터 구성요소를 내장할 수 있다. 예컨대, 각각의 플레이세트/게임은 아동용 책 또는 소설의 
     챕터에 기초할 수 있다. 
       
     놀이
Patent KR-20100068830-A (KR)
Title: Imprint mold, imprint apparatus and method of manucacturing pattern
Inventor: PARK DAE JIN
IPC: H01L21/027
Filed: 2008-12-15
Abstract: PURPOSE: An imprint mold, an imprint apparatus and a method for forming a pattern are provided to improve productivity by forming the mold with a flexible material and changing the shape of the mold according to various process conditions. CONSTITUTION: A material(L) for a mold is applied on a master mold(20). The master mold comprises a master plate(21) and a master pattern(22). The master mold forms a plurality of imprint molds. The master mold is formed with a flexible material. A master pattern of the same shape as the pattern of a product is formed on one side of the master plate.