baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-936083-A (GB)
Title: Purification of pentaerythritol
IPC: B01J39/04
Filed: 1959-11-09
Abstract: Pentaerythritol solutions containing dipentaerythritol and more than 0,1% by weight of sodium formate is purified by passing the solution through a scavenging bed of a strong cation-exchange resin in the H\sB form so that the sodium formate reacts with the resin and then through a further bed at such a rate for the formal content to be reduced by hydrolysis to substantially below 1%, the resin in the scavenging bed being regenerated from time to time and the hydrolysing bed being continuously used without regeneration. Suitable resins are, for example, the sulphonated cross-linked aromatic resins containing free sulphonic acid groups. Advantageously the temperature used is 90 DEG C. or above up to the boiling point.  The starting solution may be obtained by the reaction of acetaldehyde, sodium hydroxide and excess of formaldehyde in aqueous medium at elevated temperature.  After treatment the pentaerythritol may be crystallised from the resulting solution The mother liquor remaining may be recycled for the recovery of any pentaerythritol remaining dissolved therein.  Specifications 757,564 and 799,182 are referred to.
Patent GB-369652-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the manufacture of propellers
IPC: B23Q35/10
Filed: 1930-12-17
Abstract: 369,652. Milling screw propellers. G E B E R S, F., 256, Brigittenauerlõnde, Vienna. Dec. 17, 1930, No. 38036. Convention date, Nov. 8. Addition to 369,226. [Class 83 (iii).] The device for milling propeller blades described in the parent Specification is modified by the provision of a second milling cutter for milling the suction surfaces of hte propeller, this cutter being moved in a direction parallel to the propeller axis in accordance with curves derived from the desired cylindrical sections of the propeller or from an auxiliary model of the properrler thickness. Thus in Fig. 1 a cylindrical section such as a-a is projected from the propeller axis O on to a cylindrical surface c-c and the developed length d-d is projected on to a base-line e-e. A thickness diagram f corresponding to the projected section aa is erected on the line and in order to minimize the height of the diagram, the thicknesses f, f<2> .. are plotted from the line e-e to obtain the diagram g. The thickness curve is then placed on the table 1 of the apparatus shown in Fig. 2 the table being moved with the linear speed of a point on the section c-c considered as rotating with the propeller. By a hand-operated screw 5 a sighting device 6 is moved so that it follows the curve of the propeller thickness and the movement of the screw 5 is transmitted through gearing 4, bevel gears 7, 8 and rack 11 to a slide 19 carrying an inclined rest 16a for the milling- cutter 14a operating on the suction surface of the propeller blade 2. The slide 19 is mounted on a slide 15 carrying the rest for the pressure side milling-cutter 14 which is controlled by a pitch ruler 13 so that the thickness of the blade is superposed on the pitch. The slides 16, 16a are adjusted according to the rake of the blades. Thickness diagrams for other cylindrical sections are made in a similar manner. All the sections may be plotted on the same base having a portion of the same line in common. The propeller is mounted on a shaft 17 which may be indexed for machining the different blades and is oscillated by means of a motor. The shaft 18 may carry an auxiliary model 22 coacting with a roller 23 whose movement is transmitted to the rack gearing 10 through a shaft 25a and bevel gearing 26. The model may either be mounted in place of the propeller 2 and machined in this position by omitting the pitch ruler and fixing the slide 15 or it may be machined from the thickness drawings in the position shown in Fig. 2 by means of a milling cutter 27 which is brought into operation by reversing the support of the roller 23. The preparation of the thickness diagrams for machining the model is described in the Specification, allowance being made for the dimensions of the roller 23. Right and left-handed propellers may be made from the same model by reversing the direction of rotation of the model relatively to the work.
Patent GB-820972-A (GB)
Title: An anamorphotic and focusing attachment for an objective
IPC: G02B13/08
Filed: 1956-12-14
Abstract: 820,972. Optical systems. ISCO OPTISCHE WERKE G.m.b.H. Dec. 14, 1956 [March 1, 1956], No. 38193/56. Class 97(1) In an anamorphotic and focusing attachment for an objective having a variable collimating system of two variably spaced elements 1 and 3, element 3 forms with a purely cylindrical element 4 an anamorphctic ancillary system and has a spherical curvature of refractive power equal and opposite to that of purely spherical element 1. As shown, element 1 is movable for focusing. Element 3 may have a toroidal surface or surfaces.
Patent GB-1277105-A (GB)
Title: Ratchet-action tool holder
Inventor: MODREY HENRY JOHN
IPC: B25B15/04
Filed: 1969-07-30
Abstract: 1277105 Ratchet-action tools; chucks H J MODREY 30 July 1969 38259/69 Headings B3B and B3N [Also in Division B4]. A tool, e.g. a screwdriver comprises a holder 1, a driver 3 and a coil spring 4 tightly mounted on the driver 3; tangs 5, 6 of the coil spring fit into either slot 8 or slot 9. In slot 8 the tangs are positioned to transmit a fastening torque. Clockwise rotation of holder 1 makes tang 5 engage a side. wallof branch- 8a of slot 8, further rotation tightens the coil spring about the driver and transmits torque. Tang 6 idles in branch 8b. Reverse rotation of holder 1 causes a ratchet action where tang 5 engages the other side wall of branch 8a whereupon the coil spring is loosened and allows the holder and coil to rotate whilst the drive remains stationary. Tang 6 idles in branch 8b. For applying drive in the opposite direction the tangs are positioned in slot 9. The driver is retained in the holder by a magnet 12 or a spring ring. The coil spring can act as a torque limiting tool since the transmital of torque is limited to an upper limit where the coil slips on the driver. Thus alteration of the coil configuration, e.g. gauge of wire, number of turns, tightness of attachment to drive shaft controls the torque at which slip occurs. In other embodiments the tool takes the form of a ratchet wrench or a miniaturized tap, and screwdriver. In another embodiment, Fig. 10 (not shown), the coil spring is fitted in a holder (25) which forms a simplified collet for use in a machine tool, for example a drill press and a lathe.
Patent GB-1315178-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for photographing an image of a specimen
IPC: H01J37/20
Filed: 1970-08-10
Abstract: 1315178 Electron beam analyser HITACHI Ltd 10 Aug 1970 [11 Aug 1969] 38461/70 Heading H4F Successive images of different regions of a specimen 11 scanned by an electron beam 1 of an electron microscope (or X-ray microanalyser) are synchronously displayed on a CRT 9 and photographed by a camera 27. The scanning of each region and of CRT 9 is effected by the output of a sawtooth wave generator 8 under the control of a holding circuit 7 which is switched on in accordance with a signal from a control circuit 23. The specimen 11 is fixed on a holder 10 which is supported on bases 12 and 13 which are moved in the X and Y directions by motors 14 and 15, the respective displacements being detected by detectors 21 and 22. After each region has been photographed switching circuits 24 and 25 are actuated by control circuit 23 to operate motors 14 and 15 to displace the specimen for the next region to be scanned and photographed. Control circuit 23 also operates a shutter 28 and a winding device 32 for winding on the film between scans, the holding circuit being then blocked. X and Y counters 33 and 34 count pulses from detectors 21 and 22 corresponding to the rotations of shafts 16 and 16<SP>1</SP> driven by motors 14 and 15 to determine the displacement distances of the bases 12 and 13. When these counts are equal to predetermined values stored in the X- and Y-set circuits 35 and 36 respectively (dependent upon information from the magnification adjuster 6) comparators 37 and 39 transmit pulses to control circuit 23 and X and Y counters 38 and 40. Counters 33 and 34 are reset at each photographing step in response to a signal from control circuit 23. The number of regions (and thus photographs) for analysing the whole specimen, and thus the number of displacement steps are registered in X and Y set circuits 41 and 42. When the X counter 38 count equals the set value in circuit 41, a comparator 43 delivers a signal to control circuit 23 whereby counter 38 is reset and the switching circuit 25 operated to move the base 13 in the Y direction, the specimen being scanned region by region in a reciprocating manner (Fig. 2, not shown). Similarly when the value counted 40 becomes equal to that of the Y-set circuit 42, comparator 44 delivers a signal to control circuit 23. Control circuit 23 is described with reference to Fig. 3 (not shown).
Patent GB-971100-A (GB)
Title: Production of acetic acid
IPC: C07C53/08
Filed: 1962-10-11
Abstract: Acetic acid is prepared by contacting a gaseous mixture of ethylene and molecular oxygen at between 150 and 300 DEG C. with a catalyst containing a salt or oxide of palladium or platinum, and a component from salts and oxides of vanadium, cobalt, molybdenum and manganese and separating the acetic acid.  Water vapour may be present, a pressure range of 1 to 1,000 atmospheres may be used and the catalyst may be on an inert support such as a -alumina, silicon carbide and silicon dioxide.  Catalysts comprising palladium chloride and vanadium pentoxide or molybdenum trioxide on fused alumina, and a catalyst containing palladium chloride, molybdenum trioxide, vanadium pentoxide, copper acetate and peric chloride are used in examples. Specification 853,849 is referred to.ALSO:Catalysts containing a salt or oxide of platinum or palladium together with a salt or oxide of vanadium, cobalt, molybdenum or manganese are used for the preparation of acetic acid by the vapour phase oxidation of ethylene. Examples describe the use as catalysts of palladium chloride and ammonium vanadate and molybdate in concentrated hydrochloric acid which is impregnated on to fused a -alumina and heated to 400  DEG C. for two hours; fused alumina impregnated with ammonium molybdate, vanadate, sodium phosphate and nickel nitrate which is evaporated to dryness and impregnated with a dilute HCl solution of palladium chloride; copper acetate, and ferric chloride.  Other supports such as silicon carbide and silica dioxide may be used.  Specification 853,849 is referred to.
Patent GB-829743-A (GB)
Title: Radioactive dust monitoring device
Inventor: TAYLOR RODERICK
IPC: G21C17/028
Filed: 1956-12-18
Abstract: 829,743. Nuclear reactors. HEAD, WRIGHTSON & CO. Ltd. March 18, 1958 [Dec. 18, 1956], No. 38611/56. Class 39(4). [Also in Group XX] A method for continuously monitoring a gaseous effluent comprises periodically, for given intervals of time, exposing a filter body in the flow path of the gas, subjecting the filter body to a detector element, and connecting the detector element to an alarm device which gives a warning when the impurity exceeds a predetermined level. Fig. 2 shows a monitoring apparatus for detecting the presence of radioactive dust in the gas coolant of a nuclear reactor during routine blowdown. A plate 6 provided with apertures 8 the size of a filter disc is rotated in a step by step motion over a base plate 7. When one of the apertures is opposite a feed pipe 1 it picks up a filter disc 5 ; at the vent station the disc is exposed to gas passing through the pipe 2; the disc then passes a detector 3, and finally falls through an aperture in the base plate 7 into a canister 4. The apparatus may be enclosed in a shell (not shown in Fig. 2) which acts as a biological shield and which may be maintained at slightly reduced pressure.
Patent GB-1437293-A (GB)
Title: Shock-absorber attached to a vehicle bumper
IPC: B60R19/26
Filed: 1974-09-04
Abstract: 1437293 Vehicle bumpers; shock-absorbers DAIMLER-BENZ AG 4 Sept 1974 [19 Sept 1973] 38704/74 Heading B7J [Also in Division F2] A shock-absorber 1 is attached to a vehicle bumper 2 by means of an impact plate 6 fixed to the base of the shock-absorber and embedded in a mounting block 7 of elastomer or foam and detachably secured to the bumper by means of a cap 10 partially enclosing the mounting block and bolted to the bumper at 13. The impact plate is either moulded or vulcanized with the mounting block. The shock-absorber casing 4 and plate 6 may be formed in one piece.
Patent GB-1045590-A (GB)
Title: Improved method of treating a fabric of woven or interlaced thermoplastic threads and device for carrying the method into effect
IPC: D04H13/00
Filed: 1963-10-02
Abstract: 1,045,590. Packaging-machines. G. J. O. WELIN-BERGER. Oct. 2, 1963 [Oct. 3, 1962], No. 38838/63. Heading B8C. [Also in Divisions B5 and D1] A method of connecting layers of fabric of woven or interlaced thermoplastic thread comprises guiding together layers to be joined and blowing a jet of hot gas therethrough while moving the gas jet relatively to and along the layers, whereby a portion of the fabric is perforated or severed from the remainder as a fused mass so forming a joint. To protect the plastic threads in the vicinity of the area to be treated, they may be covered by a protective mask which leaves the parks to be treated exposed. The Specification refers to treating nylon fabrics having 20-30 denier threads which may lie as close to each other as three threads per millimetre and the air is preferably heated to a temperature of from 572-752 F. In one embodiment, Fig. 3, for making tea bags, two webs 30, 31 are advanced intermittently one on each side of filler-tubes 32 for the tea. Masking plates 33, 34 have slots 35, 36 extending parallel to and slightly within the longitudinal edges of the webs and transverse slots 37 near the lower ends thereof. Hot air nozzles 42, 43, 44 are moved along the slots 35, 36, 37, respectively, to simultaneously cut and seal. Tea is fed through the tubes 32 into the bag before the nozzle 44 cuts and seals. To divide the bag into compartments hot air passes from a nozzle 45 through perforations 39 to form a seam 49 which is formed simultaneously with the sealing by the nozzles 42, 43. Alternatively, the webs may be advanced continuously and the plates replaced by rollers within which the air nozzles are provided. The bags may be severed after the longitudinal edges have been joined.
Patent GB-1525942-A (GB)
Title: Combined process for the treatment of waste solutions and sulphur containing gases
IPC: C02F1/64
Filed: 1975-09-22
Abstract: 1525942 SO 2  removal PITTSBURGH ENVIRONMENTAL & ENERGY SYSTEMS Inc 22 Sept 1975 [27 Sept 1974] 38867/75 Heading C1A Sulphur dioxide is removed from combustion gases by contacting the gases with an aqueous slurry of a metal sulphide having a pH of not less than 5À5. The examples make use of ferrous sulphide slurries, e.g. those obtained from acidic waste solutions containing ferrous sulphate. The use of crushed pyrite and alkali metal and alkalineearth metal sulphides is also disclosed. The sulphur produced may be recovered by flotation.
Patent GB-873176-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to method and apparatus for separating a gaseous mixture
IPC: F25J5/00
Filed: 1957-12-16
Abstract: 873,176. Cold separation of gas mixtures. AIR PRODUCTS Inc. Dec. 16, 1957 [Jan. 24, 1957], No. 38982/57. Addition to 766,604. Class 8(2). Liquefaction of a portion of a gaseous low boiling point fraction e.g. nitrogen flowing in a duct 40, Fig. 1, from a column 24 supplied with compressed air having been cooled in a path 12 of a heat exchanger 14 in countercurrent flow with said nitrogen flowing through a path 48 is effected by compressing said portion to above the critical pressure at a compressor 52, cooling by returning it through a heat interchanger path 56 connected by a duct 58 to a second heat interchanger e.g. a coil 60 cooled by refrigeration provided by expansion with external work of a high pressure stream of the process e.g., incoming air bled from the path 12 and expanded in a turbine 64 before being fed to the cold air stream; and further cooling the so cooled compressed. nitrogen stream by expansion at a valve 61 to a pressure below the critical pressure. As shown the coil 60 is located within the base of a high pressure section 22 of a twostage column 24. In a modification the second heat exchanger 220, Fig. 2, is external to the column 24 and the nitrogen from compressor 246 is returned through paths 256, 258 of heat exchangers 206, 208 in parallel, ducts 260, 262 and a duct 266 to the cooling coil 268 adjacent a coil 216 through which flows feed air including that expanded in a turbine 284. In a further modification the compressed nitrogen is cooled by low-purity nitrogen from an intermediate point in the low pressure section of the column.
Patent GB-1120151-A (GB)
Title: Seismic radiator
Inventor: PERKINS ALAN JAMES
IPC: G01V1/135
Filed: 1965-09-13
Abstract: 1,120,151. Reciprocating motors. McCOLLUM LABORATORIES Inc. 13 Sept., 1965, No. 39050/65. Heading H2A. [Also in Divisions F2 and H4] In an electromagnetically-driven seismic vibrator, an hydraulic fluid between a driving member and a radiating member coupled to the ground provides a proportional motion transmitting system in which the ratio of the displacement of the driving member to the displacement of the radiating member is greater than unity, thereby improving the mechanical impedance match between the driving member and the ground relative to the impedance match for a vibrator in which the driving member is directly coupled to the ground. In the embodiment shown, the permanent magnet stator of an electric motor comprises cylindrical cores 12, 13 clamped between outer pole plates 16, 17 and inner pole plates 14, 15 by a bolt 20, and is initially magnetized by coils 36, 37, the magnetic circuit being completed by sleeves 42, 43. The motor armature comprises a cylindrical coil 27 on a former 27a which is centred in annular chambers 67, 68 of the stator assembly by means of springs 30, 31 which also provide lead-in and lead-out connections for an input signal applied to the coil 27. Coil 27 can reciprocate between shoulders 25, 26 of sleeves 24, which limit movement of the coil during transportation of the vibrator. The stator assembly constitutes a reaction mass and is capable of limited reciprocal movement between end plates 3, 9 of a housing 1. Chambers 67, 68 and the chambers 65, 66 formed between the static assembly and end plates 9, 3 respectively, are filled with hydraulic fluid under pressure so that reciprocation of coil 27 which acts as a piston, results in an oppositely-phased reciprocation of the stator assembly and consequent vibration of a plate 5 which is coupled to end plate 3 and to the ground 6. To reduce the inductance of coil 27 and prevent demagnetization of the stator assembly, coils 36 and 37 are short-circuited and a cylindrical copper sleeve 21 is provided around cores 12 and 13. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), coils 36 and 37 are replaced by solid sleeves of copper or other heavy metal to provide similar shielding from eddy currents and demagnetization and to provide additional mass, the initial magnetization of the stator assembly being achieved by external electromagnets. To prevent variations of hydraulic pressure in housing 1 with changes of temperature of the fluid, a reservoir 70, in which compressed gas 72 is separated from hydraulic fluid 73 by a piston 71, is provided. It is stated that the seismic signal generated by the vibrator is a true analogue of the electrical signal applied to coil 27, which signal may be computer-controlled for subsequent computer processing of the seismic signals.
Patent GB-1435597-A (GB)
Title: Spectrochemical analysis apparatus and sample holding means therefor
IPC: G01N21/67
Filed: 1973-08-17
Abstract: 1435597 Discharge apparatus COMMONWEALTH SCIENTIFIC & INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH ORGANISATION 17 Aug 1973 [18 Aug 1972] 39077/73 Heading H1D Apparatus for providing an atomic vapour for spectrochemical analysis from a sample area 11 on the surface of a sample body 13, the sample area in use forming the cathode of a sputtering discharge, comprises a vacuum chamber having an apertured wall 8, an anode 10 lying inside the chamber, and apertured sample locating means 15 around the wall aperture 9 comprising an outer annular portion having an outwardly facing end face adapted in use to abut the surface 12 of the sample body 13 and an inner annular portion having an outwardly facing end face electrically insulated from the end face of said outer portion and from said anode, said end face of the inner annular portion being adapted in use to face the surface of the sample body while being spaced therefrom a short distance to form an annular gap 20 surrounding the sample area 11, the gap width being large enough to maintain, in use, electrical isolation between the opposed surfaces thereof but smaller than the width of the cathode dark space for the sputtering discharge which, in use, occurs between said sample area and the anode. The sample body 13 is cooled by a water jacket 21 and is pressed against the locating means 15 and a seating ring 16 by a retaining member 14 assisted by outside air pressure. The insulation of the outer portion of the locating means 15 from the inner portion may be achieved by making either or both portions of insulating material, e.g. the means 15 may be a solid quartz disc or may be in two parts provided with internal passages for directing a gas, e.g. argon, to the discharge. Spectrochemical apparatus is briefly described (Fig. 1, not shown) including the above apparatus plus a spectral lamp, a photodetector for examining fluorescence radiation, and a monochromator for examining atomic absorption.
Patent GB-935724-A (GB)
Title: Process for the production of diolefines
IPC: C07C1/20
Filed: 1961-11-02
Abstract: Terminally unsaturated diolefins are obtained by heating to 520 DEG -680 DEG C. a cyclo-olefin containing at least 8 carbon atoms or a compound yielding such an olefin under the reaction conditions, e.g. a cycloalkanol or ester thereof.  The pressure or partial pressure of the cycloolefin is 1-760 mm. mercury using reduced pressure or adding steam or nitrogen.  In the examples (1) cis-cyclo-octene is converted to octadi-1,7-ene; (4) cis-cyclononene is converted to nonadi-1,8-ene; (5) cyclodecene is converted to decadi-1,9-ene; (6) cyclo-undecene is converted to undecadi-1,10-ene.
Patent GB-1487896-A (GB)
Title: Method of grouping things on a conveyor belt and a grouping device for a boxing machine for carrying out the method
IPC: B65B21/18
Filed: 1975-09-25
Abstract: 1487896 Grouping bottles on a conveyer belt E P REMY ET CIE 25 Sept 1975 [4 Oct 1974] 39375/75 Headings B8A and B8C A gripper head 4 of the kind described in Specification 1,321,142 has three rows each of six grippers, and is movable parallel and above three endless conveyer belts 8 carrying bottles B. The latter are selected into groups of ninebottles (three rows of three) by pushers 23 on a belt 20. Two groups at a time are engaged by a pusher 25 of a belt 15, a shorter pusher 24 (equidistant between each pusher 25) moving up to-separate the two groups as shown. The invention is characterized by the belt 23 running more slowly than the main belts 8, and the belt 15 and the gripper head 4 running at the same speed, this being faster than the speed of the belts 8. In a modification (Fig. 2, not shown), the gripper head 4 has three rows of four grippers, and the pushers of the belt 15 are all of the same height. There is no lower stepped portion of the belt 15.