baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent NL-1028926-C1 (NL)
Title: Scraper blade for cleaning e.g. dryer cylinder for foodstuffs, contains grooves to compensate for temperature differences
Inventor: TUMMERS ALPHONSUS GERARDUS HUB
IPC: F26B17/28
Filed: 2005-04-29
Granted: 2006-11-01
Abstract: The blade (55) contains at least one notch or groove (65, 66) in order to ensure that the knife edge remains straight, in spite of temperature differences between different blade regions.
Patent NL-2001132-C1 (NL)
Title: General positioning system navigation apparatus and method for presentation during travelling involves method for calculating route in navigation apparatus on basis of at least one received determination position
Inventor: JONES RORY
IPC: G08G1/0969
Filed: 2007-12-27
Granted: 2008-03-18
Abstract: The general positioning system navigation apparatus and method for presentation during travelling involves a method for calculating a route in navigation apparatus on the basis of at least one received determination position. The determination of the calculated route involving travelling over a highway with limited accessibility or the search for an alternative route. The navigation apparatus (200) can in at least one version, a mobile telephone connection with a server (302) such as a mobile telephone, establishing a digital connection with Bluetooth technology. After this, the mobile apparatus (400) via the network service provider can establish a network connection wtih a server (302). The navigation apparatus itself can have its own mobile telephone technology with engagement of an antenna, whereby the internal antenna of the navigation apparatus can further optionally be used.
Patent RU-2069246-C1 (RU)
Title: Ferry-bridge carrier
Inventor: BUMAKH VYACHESLAV IVANOVICH
IPC: E01D15/14
Filed: 1984-09-18
Granted: 1996-11-20
Abstract: FIELD: ferry-bridge river barrier crossing of material. SUBSTANCE: ferry-bridge carrier has vehicle with vehicle-borne pontoon on deck and opening mechanism. Located between vehicle sides and vehicle-borne pontoon is load-bearing beam hinged with them by means of its ends at the level of their lower load-bearing belts, taking up bending moments with vehicle operating afloat. Load-bearing beam in the opened position is rigidly locked on the belts at the level of deck. In addition, load-bearing beam serves as a lever of opening mechanism. EFFECT: increased mobility of pontoon equipment, reduced weight of bridge and cut down expenditures for provision of crossings. 2 dwg
Patent RU-2024004-C1 (RU)
Title: Method of iodine-125 assay in the labeled proteins
Inventor: VASILEVSKIJ VIKTOR I
IPC: G01N1/28
Filed: 1989-07-19
Granted: 1994-11-30
Abstract: FIELD: biochemistry, radiology. SUBSTANCE: method involves the successive addition of 1.0 M solution of calcium chloride and alkaline metal fluoride to the initial solution following by stirring of added components. Prepared solution is centrifuged for 2-3 min at 7000 rev/min, fluid is decanted, and precipitate is radiometered, and a percent of labeled protein is measured. Method ensures to exclude the iodine-125 precipitation which does not bound covalently with protein (from 54.45 to 6.53%). EFFECT: improved method of assay. 5 tbl
Patent RU-2025864-C1 (RU)
Inventor: SHKILKO GRIGORIJ YA
IPC: H02K1/16
Filed: 1989-07-27
Granted: 1994-12-30
Abstract: Использование: при разработке и изготовлении электрических машин переменного тока. Сущность изобретения: статор электрической машины содержит магнитопровод 6 с открытыми прямоугольными пазами, в которых расположена обмотка из круглого провода с жесткими пазовыми гильзами 1 и 2. Обмотка закреплена в пазах термически отвержденной магнитодиэлектрической массой 4. Поверхность пазовых гильз, обращенная к расточке статора, выполнена с продольными призматическими выступами 3, а в магнитодиэлектрической массе 4 образованы соответствующие продольные впадины. Изобретение повышает энергетические показатели путем уменьшения магнитного потока рассеяния по коронкам зубцов. 1 ил.
Patent RU-2127743-C1 (RU)
Title: Composition for protective coatings of tire rubbers
Inventor: BILALOV JASHAR MAKHMUD OGLY
IPC: C08J7/046
Filed: 1989-08-08
Granted: 1999-03-20
Abstract: FIELD: rubber-processing industry. SUBSTANCE: claimed composition comprises, wt.%: ethylene-propylene rubber, 2.75-3.3; copolymer; gasoline/water mixture, the balance, up to 100. Ethylene-propylene rubber copolymer filled with 5 wt.% of industrial carbon and 10 wt % of methacrylic acid are prepared beforehand. Copolymer is dissolved in gasoline/water mixture, and sulfanol is added. Emulsification is carried out. Protective coatings of tire rubbers have high resistance of ozonic ageing and to effects of natural climatic factors. EFFECT: improved properties of the composition. 5 ex, 2 tbl
Patent RU-2009919-C1 (RU)
Inventor: SHABALIN ALEKSANDR N
IPC: B61B7/00
Filed: 1990-01-10
Granted: 1994-03-30
Abstract: Использование: для освоения горных лесосек. Сущность изобретения: установка содержит опоры, на которых размещены несущий канат, тяговый канат и возвратный канат, связанные с лебедкой перемещения двух трелевочных кареток, в обводные блоки которых запасованы сборные канаты. Одна трелевочная каретка выполнена с фиксатором муфты сборного каната. Другая трелевочная каретка снабжена дополнительным фиксатором вспомогательной муфты второго сборного каната, закрепленного на корпусе первой треловочной каретки. 2 ил.
Patent RU-2025814-C1 (RU)
Inventor: KUZNIK YURIJ S
IPC: H01H33/59
Filed: 1990-01-16
Granted: 1994-12-30
Abstract: Использование: в устройствах дистанционного управления выключателями. Сущность: в данном устройстве повышение надежности обеспечивается за счет форсировки действия рабочей катушки электромагнита управления от разряда предварительно заряженного конденсатора через управляемый совместно с цепью ограничения тока управления тиристор. 1 ил.
Patent RU-2007553-C1 (RU)
Inventor: SKOVORODNIKOV IGOR G
IPC: E21B47/04
Filed: 1990-02-19
Granted: 1994-02-15
Abstract: FIELD: geophysical methods of investigation. SUBSTANCE: method involves marking and reading of marks by application of layer of substance with enhanced reflecting properties to surface of armour of cable. Reading of marks is accomplished by isolation of light flux from applied layer. Device for realization of method includes winch, dynamometer, set of supports with rollers, marking unit in the form of separable vessel made of insulation material with spiral manufactured from metal with enhanced reflecting properties put into it. Solution of salt of same metal is poured into vessel. Spiral embraces cable. It is connected to positive pole of DC source, negative pole is linked to armour of cable. Unit for reading of marks is fabricated in the form of separable body housing illuminator and photodetector. EFFECT: improved accuracy of marking and reading of marks. 5 dwg
Patent RU-2009009-C1 (RU)
Title: Automatic line for die casting of brake drums
Inventor: ROMASH ALEKSANDR N
IPC: B22D17/00
Filed: 1990-05-08
Granted: 1994-03-15
Abstract: FIELD: foundry. SUBSTANCE: automatic line has charging device 1, furnace 2 for heating rings, furnace 3 for molten metal, die casting machine 4, lubricating device 5, trimming press 6, control system 7, device 8 for receiving ready articles, robotized conveying device 9, accumulator 10 for brake rings in the form of a sectionalized drum onto which an indexing device in the form of a clamp is fixed. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 4 cl, 9 dwg
Patent RU-2049786-C1 (RU)
Title: Method of synthesis of 2-methoxymethylpenems
Inventor: ETTORE PERRONE
IPC: A61P31/04
Filed: 1990-07-03
Granted: 1995-12-10
Abstract: FIELD: organic chemistry. SUBSTANCE: product: compound of the general formula (II)   where R hydrogen atom or hydroxyl-protecting group is subjected for interaction with oxalylhalogenide in the presence of organic or inorganic base. Synthesized compound of the general formula (III)   where R has indicated above meanings, and X halogen atom is treated with compound of the general formula (IV)   in the presence of organic or inorganic base followed by cyclization of prepared compound of the general formula (V)   where R has indicated meanings in the presence of trialkylphosphite and the end product (I)   isolation. If necessary, hydroxyl-protecting group in synthesized compound is removed. EFFECT: improved method of synthesis. 3 cl
Patent RU-2020721-C1 (RU)
Title: Propulsion plant electric drive
Inventor: BURAVLEV ANDREJ G
IPC: H02P7/298
Filed: 1991-02-01
Granted: 1994-09-30
Abstract: FIELD: DC electric propulsion plants of different ships. SUBSTANCE: propulsion plant electric drive has an electric power source, connected to which via contactor contacts are the commutators of a double-commutator motor, that are shunted by diodes, pulse-width converter that connects the motor field winding shunted by a diode and commutators to the electric power source. In the pulse-width converter a chain is connected in parallel with the power thyristor connected to the field winding circuit, the chain consists of an inductance coil and two auxiliary thyristors, and one more power thyristor is series-connected to the power thyristor connected to the armature circuit and shunted by a diode. EFFECT: improved design. 3 dwg
Patent RU-2021330-C1 (RU)
Inventor: LYSENKO ALEKSEJ V
IPC: C10L5/16
Filed: 1991-03-05
Granted: 1994-10-15
Abstract: Применение: получение брикетов для коксования и топливных брикетов. Сущность изобретения: поток измельченного угля с порозностью 0,6 - 0,9 вводят в движущийся поток вспененного введения 1 - 5 мас.% воды углеводородсодержащего связующего с кратностью вспенивания 8 - 25, перемешивают и смесь вспененного связующего с измельченным углем брикетируют. 2 з.п.ф-лы, 1 ил., 1 табл.
Patent RU-2042311-C1 (RU)
Title: Rotary mower
Inventor: RAJKHMAN DAVID BENYAMINOVICH
IPC: A01D34/66
Filed: 1991-03-11
Granted: 1995-08-27
Abstract: FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: mower is comprised of two rotors, each equipped with rotating crossheads with cutters rotating in a horizontal plane at different angular speeds, and a forming disc arranged above in a spaced relation. Secured to the surface of the forming disc around its circumference is a wavy endless band of a flexible material with a vertical generatrix. Diameter of band wave ridges is smaller than the disc diameter. EFFECT: improved design. 2 cl, 3 dwg
Patent RU-2022952-C1 (RU)
Inventor: KOTOMIN ALEKSANDR A
IPC: C06B25/34
Filed: 1991-03-21
Granted: 1994-11-15
Abstract: Использование: для создания минерализованных полос при тушении лесных пожаров методом встречного пала. Сущность изобретения: эластичный взрывчатый состав содержит, мас.%: дивинилстирольный термоэластопласт 5,0 - 7,0; стеариновая кислота 1,0 - 3,0; антиоксидант фенольного типа 0,1 - 0,5; политетрафторэтилен 1,0 - 3,0; сульфат калия 7,0 - 13,0; церезин 1,5 - 4,0; краситель жирорастворимый оранжевый 0,02 - 0,08; минеральное масло 5,00 - 9,0; гексоген остальное. 1 табл.
Patent RU-2036430-C1 (RU)
Title: Method of determination of parameters of currents on sea surface
Inventor: DULOV VLADIMIR ALEKSANDROVICH
IPC: G01C13/00
Filed: 1991-02-20
Granted: 1995-05-27
Abstract: FIELD: oceanographic studies. SUBSTANCE: i points are chosen over registered area with measured values of hydrometeoparameters, wind velocity W i , foam formed on sea surface Q i  are measured and relative value of foaminess K i  of sea surface in each point is found by formula  , where Q o  is value of foaminess of area in absence of currents. While processing results of measurements value of current gradient   in each point is found by formula  . EFFECT: enhanced authenticity of method. 1 dwg
Patent RU-2034514-C1 (RU)
Title: Attachment for vacuum cleaner
Inventor: ZAVYALOV YURIJ I
IPC: A47L5/14
Filed: 1991-04-05
Granted: 1995-05-10
Abstract: FIELD: household appliances. SUBSTANCE: attachment for vacuum cleaner has housing with inlet and outlet branch pipes and cylindrical cup swirl chamber arranged coaxially in housing, water container and slotted channels to let moisture pass. Slotted channels are formed by outer surface of swirl chamber and two cylindrical chutes installed square relative to each other and rigidly secured by edges on swirl chamber. One chute is arranged parallel to chamber axis; other chute is arranged at equal distances from ends of first chute. Perforations are made in wall of swirl chamber of channel formed by first chute. Water container is arranged between walls of outlet branch pipe and chamber. Cup is installed so that its axis is parallel to treated surface, and its walls form slots with walls of housing. Slots communicate, respectively, with inlet and outlet branch pipes. EFFECT: enhanced cleaning. 3 dwg
Patent RU-2029817-C1 (RU)
Title: Hard coating cleaner
Inventor: ZAVYALOV YURIJ I
IPC: E01H5/10
Filed: 1991-04-29
Granted: 1995-02-27
Abstract: FIELD: mechanical engineering. SUBSTANCE: mounted on wheeled chassis 2 are working flow blower 1, cylindrical swirl working chamber 4 installed inside receiver 5, drum housing 8 and dirt collector 11. Novelty is that delivery branch pipe 6 is made detachable and swirl working chamber 8, receiver 5, dirt collector 11 and lower part of delivery branch pipe 6 are arranged in drum housing 8 divided by wall 12 into two sections. Drum housing is installed for turning around its axis by means of hydraulic cylinder 7. EFFECT: enhanced maneuverability and convenience of operation. 2 cl, 4 dwg
Patent RU-2008795-C1 (RU)
Title: Физиотерапевтическое устройство
Inventor: LYUKEVICH IGOR A
IPC: A61B5/03
Filed: 1991-04-29
Granted: 1994-03-15
Abstract: Изобретение относится к медицинской технике и может быть использовано при лечении легочных заболеваний. Цель изобретения - повышение надежности и удобства пользования. Физиотерапевтическое устройство содержит емкость с запорным органом, полость которой сообщена каналом с запорным органом с атмосферой и с регулятором дыхания, крышку, установленную на емкости, полые трубки, прикрепленные к емкости и крышке и расположенные коаксиально, индикатор, установленный в трубке емкости и выполненный в виде многогранника со шкалой, представляющей собой полосы, нанесенные на всех его гранях. 3 ил.
Patent RU-2022146-C1 (RU)
Inventor: DRUZHININ ANATOLIJ M
IPC: F02F5/00
Filed: 1991-05-15
Granted: 1994-10-30
Abstract: Сущность изобретения: на верхней стороне дна поршневой канавки в одной с ней плоскости выполнена проточка, в которую внутренним торцом установлено дополнительное упругое разрезное кольцо, наружный диаметр которого равен наружному диаметру рабочего кольца. Перекрывая торцовый зазор между рабочим кольцом и дном поршневой канавки, а также разрез рабочего кольца, дополнительное кольцо резко снижает прорыв газов из камеры сгорания и попадание в нее масла, что положительно сказывается на улучшении запуска двигателя, более полном срабатывании рабочего давления, уменьшении расхода на угар, улучшении экологических характеристик двигателя. Резкое снижение прорыва газов в полость поршневой канавки, в зазор между торцом кольца и дном поршневой канавки, снижает до минимума газодинамическое давление рабочего кольца на стенку цилиндра, тем самым уменьшая потери на трение, износ цилиндра, поршня и кольца, повышая КПД двигателя. 1 ил.
Patent RU-2104515-C1 (RU)
Inventor: EGOROV V N
IPC: G01N22/00
Filed: 1991-05-23
Granted: 1998-02-10
Abstract: FIELD: examination and analysis of materials. SUBSTANCE: polymer specimen is made as open disc dielectric resonator and positioned in thermal chamber at low temperature values. oscillations are excited by noncontact method, and simultaneous measurement of temperature and inherent resonant frequency of specimen is performed. Temperature in chamber is raised within the range of specimen material examination. Curve is plotted on the basis of obtained data on combination of specimen inherent resonant frequencies corresponding to specimen temperatures. Temperature boundaries of phase transitions are determined by curve extremes. EFFECT: more accurate results. 2 dwg
Patent RU-2000961-C1 (RU)
Inventor: KHAJROV TAGIR K
IPC: B60J5/04
Filed: 1991-04-22
Granted: 1993-10-15
Abstract: Использование в транспортном машиностроении , а именно при конструировании дверей кабин транспортных средств в частности тракторов Сущность  изобретени  дверь кабины транспортного  средства имеет панель с застекленным оконным  проемом с элементами дл  навешивани  панели на  кабину и закрепленный на панели амортизатор Панель  двери выполнена из верхнего и нижнего кожухов  снабженных элементами навешивани  панели  на кабину ось вращени  которых находитс   внутри контура двери и максимально приближена к  вертикальной линии, проход щей через центр т жести  двери 2 ил
Patent RU-2012950-C1 (RU)
Title: Process of manufacture of active masses for electrodes of storage cells
Inventor: FOMINSKIJ LEONID P
IPC: H01M4/26
Filed: 1991-06-05
Granted: 1994-05-15
Abstract: FIELD: electrical engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention is meant for manufacture of electric storage cells. Active mass of electrode is produced by electric erosion dispersion of metal - basic component of active mass in water with later injection of activating additives. EFFECT: facilitated manufacture, reduced cost. 2 tbl
Patent RU-2079303-C1 (RU)
Inventor: ASAKURA SOTOO
IPC: A61K47/10
Filed: 1991-09-03
Granted: 1997-05-20
Abstract: FIELD: organic chemistry and technology. SUBSTANCE: product: tricycle compound of the formula (I)   where: adjacent pairs R 1  and R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 , R 5  and R 6  form other bond with carbon atoms or they mean H; R 2  can be lower alkyl; R 7  - hydrogen, hydroxy-group, protected hydroxy-group, lower alkoxy-group; or R 7  together with R 1  form oxo-group; R 8  - hydrogen or hydroxy-group; R 9  - lower alkyl, alkenyl or lower alkyl substituted with oxo-group; R 10 -R 17  - independently hydrogen or lower alkyl; R 18  and R 19  - independently R       18   a        and hydrogen or R       19   a        and hydrogen; R       18   a        - hydroxy-group or lower alkoxy-group; R       19   a        - hydroxy-group, lower alkoxy-group or protected hydroxy-group; n = 1 or 2; x 1  and x 2  - hydrogen or form together oxo-group; y 1  - hydrogen or hydroxy-group; y 2  - hydrogen or y 1  and y 2  form together oxo-group. Solubilizing agent and/or agent promoting impregnation: alkanediol, lower alkylene carbonate, alkanedicarboxylic acid ester, alkanecarboxylic acid glycerol ester, higher alkanecarboxylic acid alkyl ether, higher unsaturated alcohol and azacycloalkane. Ointment has tricycle compound or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solubilizing agent or agent promoting impregnation and ointment base taken at ratio, wt.-%: 0.01-10; 1-30 and the balance, up to 100%. Active component is dissolved in solubilizing agent or agent promoting impregnation, solution is mixed with an ointment base. EFFECT: improved method of synthesis, enhanced effectiveness of treatment and prophylaxis. 8 cl
Patent RU-2015252-C1 (RU)
Title: Protective structure
Inventor: LEBEDEV VALERIAN A
IPC: E02D29/00
Filed: 1991-10-08
Granted: 1994-06-30
Abstract: FIELD: slide control works. SUBSTANCE: protective structure includes retaining structure buried into ground below sliding surface of landslide. Retaining structure is made in form of tunnel with caved roofing and provided with guard. Bearing capacity of roofing is within 1500 N/m (1500 kgf/m). Guard is made in form of curved shell opened towards landslide and secured to tunnel wall which is located on the side of landslide slope and rigidly connected to the other tunnel wall by means of stop. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 2 dwg
Patent RU-2044072-C1 (RU)
Title: Способ термической обработки цельнокатаных железнодорожных колес
Inventor: MIROSHNICHENKO NIKOLAJ G
IPC: C21D9/34
Filed: 1991-07-03
Granted: 1995-09-20
Abstract: Использование: при производстве железнодорожных колес и крупных заготовок деталей машин. Сущность: колесо нагревают до 600-650°С с выдержкой в течение 3-6 ч. В период выдержки осуществляют одноразовое охлаждение изделий до 500-540°С со скоростью 2,0-2,5°С/мин, последующий нагрев до исходной температуры со скоростью 3,5-4,0°С/мин и окончательное охлаждение. 3 табл.
Patent RU-2058631-C1 (RU)
Title: Short-circuiting piston for rectangular-section waveguide
Inventor: RYASNYJ YURIJ V
IPC: H01P1/28
Filed: 1991-07-11
Granted: 1996-04-20
Abstract: FIELD: microwave engineering. SUBSTANCE: short-circuiting piston has elastic contact members and locking member. The latter is built up of four spacer plates placed in case and resting on rocking balls arranged symmetrically on conical end of rod. Rod end is joined with rubber bulb whose interior communicated with gage pressure source. EFFECT: improved design. 1 dwg, 1 tbl
Patent RU-2005373-C1 (RU)
Title: Sprayer
Inventor: BURLAKA TROFIM A
IPC: A01M7/00
Filed: 1991-11-04
Granted: 1994-01-15
Abstract: FIELD: pest control. SUBSTANCE: sprayer has a flexible reservoir and flexible belt exceeding the reservoir in height. It also has a plate with L-shaped brackets. Rollers are mounted on pins for movement in holes of the plate. The reservoir sides and middle part have shaping strips fastening the belt to the middle part and the plate to the sides. The belt ends are provided with bars for attachment of a narrower buckled belt, and the sprayer has a pole for transportation. The sprayer is provided with a tightener. The latter has two articulated-joined strips. EFFECT: higher efficiency; convenience in use. 2 cl, 1 dwg
Patent RU-2008349-C1 (RU)
Inventor: PIVNYAK IVAN G
IPC: A23K1/16
Filed: 1991-10-31
Granted: 1994-02-28
Abstract: FIELD: veterinary microbiology and livestock-raising. SUBSTANCE: strain Rhodococcus VKPM S-916, capable of synthesis of carotene in animal organism, influencing positively over formation of microflora of digestive tract, stimulating growth, improving meat quality. Chicken-broilers are feed on strain daily in dose 20 millions of alive cells for each chicken up to age of 28 days and in dose 50 millions of alive cells for each chicken aged 28-55 days. EFFECT: increase of grows speed of alive mass, decrease of dose of preparation in food addition, improve of meat quality and marketable state of carcasses compared to method of prototype.
Patent RU-2087628-C1 (RU)
Title: Рабочий орган щелерезной машины
Inventor: YUDIN VALERIJ GENNADEVICH
IPC: E02F5/08
Filed: 1991-12-24
Granted: 1997-08-20
Abstract: Использование: землеройные машины, которые предназначены для рытья узких траншей-щелей. Сущность изобретения: рабочий орган щелерезной машины включает направленную раму с оголовком, приводную звездочку, режущую цепь с резцами, боковыми пластинами, роликами и натяжным устройством. Поверхности оголовка и рамы выполнены с пазами, в которых расположены боковые пластины. Для контакта с роликами режущей цепи имеются выступы, образованные пазами. Боковые пластины установлены с зазором между их нижними поверхностями и поверхностями оснований пазов. 2 ил.
Patent RU-2027511-C1 (RU)
Title: Method to select maize germ from corn
Inventor: LYUBUSHKIN VIKTOR T
IPC: B02B1/02
Filed: 1991-07-10
Granted: 1995-01-27
Abstract: FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method includes corn comminution by directed rupture in rotor machine with stator working surface made in the form of logarithmic spiral, sorting into three groats fractions, fraction separation by air flow and sieves, separation of germs from two groats fractions being of the largest size. EFFECT: high separation quality. 1 dwg
Patent RU-2021865-C1 (RU)
Inventor: KOSTYUCHENKO VLADIMIR M
IPC: B22C3/00
Filed: 1992-01-22
Granted: 1994-10-30
Abstract: Изобретение к составам для разделительных покрытий пресс-форм при изготовлении в них модельной оснастки, а также для форм и моделей из дерева, металла, гипса, воска. Сущность изобретения: композиция, которая содержит поливиниловый спирт, пластификатор, поверхностно-активное вещество, водорастворимый краситель, дополнительно содержит 15 - 30%-ный водный раствор изопропилового спирта при следующем соотношении компонентов: поливиниловый спирт 7,0 - 8,0; пластификатор 1,45 - 2,45; поверхностно-активное вещество 0,15 - 0,25; водорастворимый краситель - бромфеноловый синий 0,01 - 0,02; 15 - 30%-ный водный раствор изопропилового спирта - остальное. Композицию готовят при 70 - 80°С при постоянном перемешивании, она стабильна при длительном хранении в условиях положительных и низких температур. 2 табл.