Patent GB-710916-A (GB)
Title: Electrical computer
IPC: G06G7/14
Filed: 1952-04-23
Abstract: 710,916. Electric analogue calculating systems. HAZELTINE CORPORATION. April 23, 1952, [May 11, 1951.] No. 10221/52. Addition to 663,225. Class 37. In an electric analogue computer for solving equations involving mathematical series of known and unknown parameters, an electrical potential generator energizes a plurality of impedance networks (at least some of which are electrically in series with the generator) each having circuit elements proportioned to develop on application of the generated potential thereto, an electrical potential varying as a predetermined function of time which at a predetermined instant attains a value representing a term of the series involved in the'equation to be solved; a comparison circuit responsive to a source potential representing a known parameter at the predetermined instant and to at least one of the series term potentials at that instant develops a contral potential, and a signal sampling circuit responsive to the latter potential is coupled to at least one of the impedance networks to determine the value of the appropriate series term potential therein at the predetermined instant and to derive a resultant potential representing the value of the unknown parameter of the mathematical series. Fig. 1 shows a computer for solving a power series equation in known and unknown parameters, wherein critically proportioned RC networks 50a, 50b are connected in series with a motor driven cam operated switch 14, a variable potential source 15, a variable resistor 17a and a milliammeter 16a; while similar RC networks 50c, 50d in series with variable resistor 17b and milliammeter 16b, and a single RC network 50e in series with variable resistor 17c and milliammeter 16c, are similarly connected across the switch 14 and potential source 15. A variable potential source 18 is connected to a comparison circuit comprising a cathode follower 21 directly coupled through a resistor 23 to the anode of a diode 24, whose cathode, and the cathode follower load return, are connected across network 50e. The anode of diode 24 is condenser coupled to the anode of a blocking oscillator 35 comprising a triode 36 and a combined feedback and output transformer 38, which generates pulses of length determined by the open-circuited delay line 40; the output pulse train from transformer 38 being connected in series with a bias source 54 across a diagonal of a bridge gating circuit 27 comprising diodes 28, 29, 30, 31 operating as a signal sampling circuit in series with the total voltage developed across networks 50a to 50d and with the reservoir condenser 43 and load resistance 33 across which the output voltage is developed. Switch 14 cyclically closes to charge the condensers 52a to e from the potential source 15, and immediately opens to break the charging circuit, at which instant t 1  each condenser is charged to a potential dependent on the magnitudes of the respective shunting resistances 51a-51e and the controlling variable series resistances 17a-c in the charging circuits. The voltage across each RC circuit then represents a corresponding term of the relevant mathematical series, and each condenser subsequently discharges exponentially through its shunting resistance for the remainder of the cycle during which switch 14 remains open.. At an instant t  2  the voltage across network 50e falls below that developed across resistor 22 by the variable preset voltage from source 18, and diode 24 then conducts to develop a negative going pulse across resistor 23, which triggers the blocking oscillator 35 to develop a single short pulse which overcomes the bias from source 54 and opens the gating circuit 27 to connect the algebraic sum of the developed voltages, across networks 50a to 50d at that instant, across the load circuit 33, 43 which total voltage represents the sum of the series to whose successive individual terms the networks 50a to 50d are made analogous. For solution of the series. where K = a constant.' e = a voltage proportional to # in radians E 1  = a voltage proportional to 1 radian R = resistance in ohms in the several RC networks denoted by appropriate suffixes. C = capacitance in farads in the several RC networks denoted by appropriate suffixes. i = steady current in amps through the resistors of the RC networks at instant t 1 . t 2  = the elapsed decay time of an RC network from instant t  1  and the RC networks 50a to 50e are individually proportioned to represent the terms of equation (1) In a specific computation of the value of sin #, numerical values are substituted in equation (1) such that Networks 5oa and 5oe are proportioned to represent the first term of the equation by making R51a=R51e=1000 ohms and C52a=C52e= 1 farad whereby the time constant = 10<SP>-3</SP> seconds, and adjusting resistor 17a so that 6.28 milliamps flows through meter 16a and resistors 51a, 51b. Resistor 17b is similarly adjusted so that a corresponding current flows through resistors 51c and 51d. For convenience of scale the potential source 18 is set to 62.8 volts and resistor 17c is adjusted so that the network 50e is charged initially to 125.6 v. by a current of 125.6 mA. in meter 16a. The corresponding values of networks 5ob to 5od are determined from equation (2) by making their time constants inversely proportional to the exponents of the terms represented by the several networks; network 5oc representing the 2nd term having a time constant 1/3; network 5ob representing the 3rd term a time constant 1/5; and network 5od representing the 4th term a time constant 1/7 of the time constant of network 5oa. From equation (4) resistors 51b , 51c, and 51d are computed as 2900 ohms, 6550 ohms and 12200 ohms; the capacitors 52b, 52c, 52d being calculated to give the appropriate time constants to the networks. At instant t 1 voltages of 6.28, 81, 41 and 76.5 volts appear across the respective networks 50a, b, c, d, while the initial voltage across network 50e is 125.6 volts and the voltage of source. 18 is 62.8 volts. At instant t 2 , the voltage of network 50e has decayed to 62.8 v. so that pulse generator 35 is triggered to pulse and open the gate circuit 27 as above so that the voltages of networks 50a, 50b equivalent to the ist and 3rd terms of the equation are added and the voltages of networks 50c, 50d equivalent to the 2nd and 4th terms are subtracted therefrom, to develop the analogue voltage of the solution of equation (6) across the load resistor 33. Fig. 3 shows a more flexible modification wherein a variable frequency pulse generator 60 cyclically pulses the control grids of tetrodes 61, 62, whose screens are energized from variable potential sources 315a, 315b whereby the cathode currents may be varied. The cathode of tetrode 61 is earthed through a load resistor 17a and a series of parallel variable resistance-inductance networks 350a to 350d each of which has a variably coupled secondary 63a-63d. The cathode of tetrode 62 is earthed through a load resistor 17c and a single similar variable resistanceinductance network 63e. The outputs of the coupling coils 63a-d and of a battery fed variable potentiometer circuit 68, 69 are connected to terminals on a terminal block 64, whereby the several coupling coil outputs and the fixed potential source may be interconnected additively or subtractively in any required series combination with the output terminal 72 to represent a desired power series containing a fixed term, the time constants of the networks 350a to e being made proportional to the exponents of the successive terms; and the primary to secondary couplings being made proportional to the factorial coefficients. of the successive terms. The output terminal 72 is normally connected to a sampling circuit 27 controlled by a pulse generator 35, while the secondary of network 350e is normally connected to a comparison circuit 20 which operates similarly to that of Fig. 1 to produce an analogue voltage of the sum of the series at the output of the sampling circuit, while a change over switch 70 permits the output terminal 72 and the secondary of network 350e to be interchanged so that the value of the variable parameter of the series may be found from a knowledge of its sum. In a modification Fig. 4 (not shown) the cathode load networks of tetrodes 61, 62 are replaced by corresponding parallel resistance-capacitance networks; each resistance element comprising a variable resistor determining the time constant and thus the corresponding exponent, and a variable potentiometer determining the initial voltage developed in the networks, and thus the coefficient of the corresponding term. The RC network corresponding to network 350e of Fig. 3 is arranged to develop a voltage representing a term of the series to be summed as well as applying a control voltage to the comparison circuit. Fig. 5 shows a device for solving Fourier series in which the value of one term is known according to the same principle, wherein a motor driven cam 13d opens switch 14d in series with a variable potential source, a variable resistance 17a, and 3 parallel tuned resonant circuits 52a, 52b, 52c at the same time as motor driven cams 13a, 13b, 13c close switches 14a, 14b, 14c in series with corresponding variable potential sources and series tuned resonant circuits goa, gob, goc. Shock excited forced oscillations comprising the fundamental and 2nd and 3rd harmonics are set up in the respective tuned circuits; the oscillations in circuits 52a, 52b, 52c being in antiphase with those in circuits 90a, gob, goc, and each circuit developing its oscillations at its own peculiar frequency. The resonance characteristics of the networks 550a to 550c and goa to goc are interrelated in the ratio of the angles of the sine and cosine terms of the series to be solved, while the coefficients of coupling of the primary inductors with their associated secondary inductors connected to terminals on the board 64 are