Patent GB-1003572-A (GB)
Title: Method of producing an iron exchange membrane of high electrical conductivity and articles so produced
IPC: C08J5/22
Filed: 1961-09-05
Abstract: A method of producing a permanent increase in the electrical conductivity of synthetic resin ion-exchange membranes comprises passing solvated ions through the membrane by application of an electric potential on opposite sides of the membrane while the membrane is in a condition above the yield point, and then bringing the membrane into a condition below the yield point to harden the membrane, the yield <PICT:1003572/C6-C7/1> <PICT:1003572/C6-C7/2> <PICT:1003572/C6-C7/3> <PICT:1003572/C6-C7/4> <PICT:1003572/C6-C7/5> point being the point beyond which substantial elongation is produced by little or no increase in load.  The membrane may be brought above the yield point by heating and/or application of an electric current, or by a softening solvent, and after treatment may be brought below the yield point by one or more of cooling, cross-linking, copolymerizing and withdrawing a resin matrix solvent, during which treatment the flow of ions is preferably maintained and the membrane may be shaped.  In the apparatus of Fig. 4, the membrane 37 passes through preheating chamber 22, treatment chamber 23 with electrodes 24 and 25, cooling and setting chamber 32 with electrodes 30 and 31, and testing compartment 39, electrolyte being circulated by pumps 51 and 52, or alternatively countercurrent to the membrane, Fig. 7 (not shown).  In the modification of Fig. 5, the membranes and the electrodes are separated by liquid barriers 60 and 61, which may be ion-exchange membranes or porous ceramics, and by porous walls 62 and 63 having apertures 64 and 65; the membrane is cooled in the passage 66.  In the apparatus of Fig. 6, a batch of membranes 137 is treated in cell 71 having supports 1371, ceramic membranes 162 and 163 and electrolytes 224 and 225, cooling being effected by cold electrolyte, and electrolyte for both treatment and cooling being circulated by pump 74.  In the apparatus of Fig. 8, the wet membrane passes between electrodes 424 and 425 in the form of rollers, and is cooled first by a spray of electrolyte from nozzles 88 and subsequently by passage through electrolyte 90. In the apparatus of Fig. 11, the membrane 101, containing electrolyte in its pores and terminally confined in gasket 100, is treated between hollow electrodes 92 and 93, through which heating or cooling liquid may be circulated, the electrode faces being contoured in any desired manner to shape the membrane, and pressure being applied if desired.ALSO:Ion-exchange membranes are obtained by (a) dissolving 20% wt sulphonated polystyrene, 20% wt. quaternized polystyrene and 60% wt. vinyl chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer in dimethylformamide, casting a film therefrom, cross-linking with divinyl peroxide and activating electrically, (b) casting a film from a mixture of 1 part wt. of the reaction product of 1 mol. 2 vinyl-pyridine and 1 mol. dimethylsulphate at 65 DEG  C., 1 part of the propyl ester of styrene sulphonic acid 3 parts wt. of styrene, 2 parts wt. of divinyl benzene and 0.5% volume benzoyl peroxide, heating to 65 DEG  C. and activating electrically, (c) as in (b) but using 1 part wt. of styrene and one-half part wt. of divinyl benzene, with admixture thereafter of a mixture of the same proportions but omitting the 2-vinyl-pyridine derivative, (d) passing an alternating current across a mixture of saturated aqueous solutions of 1 mol. phenol sulphonic acid and 0.8 mol. formaldehyde between 0 electrodes heated to 90 DEG  C., (e) casting and heating a mixture of 40 parts wt. of the propyl ester of styrene sulphonic acid, 44.5 parts wt. of styrene and 0.5 parts volume of benzoyl peroxide, followed by activation electrically, and (f) dissolving a mixture of 2 parts volume nylon, 1 part wt. sulphonated polystyrene polymer in the potassium form and 1 part wt. quaternized polystyrene in the C1 form in sufficient formic acid to form a viscous solution at 30 DEG  C., and extruding as a film between electrodes.