Patent GB-401282-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the preparation and use of dispersions and dispersing or precipitating agents
IPC: C11D3/12
Filed: 1932-01-23
Abstract: Non-asphaltic liquid dispersions containing silicon dioxide are obtained by treating a concentrated solution of alkali silicate, preferably sodium metasilicate, with an organic acid or organic acidic substance and with an organic liquid otherwise immiscible or incompletely miscible with water (e.g. a grease solvent) capable of entering into colloidal association with the silicon dioxide to produce a liquid dispersion which is stable without added soap. Bodies in a hydrated condition or containing a hydroxyl group may be used either as immiscible liquids or as soluble additions to compositions containing other immiscible liquids, for example phenol, cresol or certain alcohols may act as immiscible or incompletely miscible liquids while glycerol, sugar or glucose may be soluble additions.  In the case of phenol or cresol, these bodies may serve as the acidic substance to be added to the silicate and as the liquid to be dispersed.  Examples of other such suitable immiscible liquids are halogenated hydrocarbons such as trichlorethylene or chlornapthalene, chlorinated phenols, oils or oxidizable bodies such as linseed oil in the oxidized or unoxidized condition.  The organic acid used preferably has detergent properties such as oleic acid or may be a sulphonated compound.  Amphoteric substances such as glues, gelatine or casein may also be added.  Mineral salts such as calcium or barium chlorides may be added: these are stated to exert a weak acid reaction and assist gel formation.  The products may be used for treating leather, paper or textile materials for impregnation or finishing purposes or for delustring artificial silk.  According to examples; (1) A size for artificial silk comprizes equal parts by weight of a 25 per cent solution of sodium metasilicate; oleic acid; and linseed oil to which are added 5 per cent solutions of barium chloride and gelatine to an amount equal to half the weight of any of the other constituents. (2) A waterproofing solution consists of 20 parts of a 25 per cent sodium metasilicate solution; 10 parts triethanolamine; 5 parts monoamylamine; 10 parts pine oil; 40 parts oleic acid; 5 parts chlorinated naphthalene wax; 45 parts paraffin wax; 5 parts aluminium acetate solution.  Other suitable waxes are carnauba or Japan wax.  Triethanolamine oleate may be replaced by a solvent such as trichlorethylene with a fat or soap.  (3) A composition for simultaneous sizing and dyeing consists of 25 parts of a 25 per cent sodium metasilicate solution; 5 parts oleic acid; 10 parts linseed oil; 5 parts each of a 5 per cent solution of barium and calcium chlorides; and 50 parts of a 5 per cent solution of a soluble vat dyestuff.  (4) Product for wetting out cotton in kiers:--40 parts of a 50 per cent metasilicate solution and 60 parts of phenol or cresylic acid.  (5) Composition for coating paper consists of 25 parts of a 50 per cent alkali metasilicate solution; 25 parts of a 50 per cent solution of abietic acid in a suitable solvent such as pine oil; 12,5 parts each of a 10 per cent solution of aluminium sulphate; aluminium acetate solution (16 DEG  Tw); 25 per cent solution of barium chloride; 25 per cent solution of calcium chloride.  (6) A scouring composition consists of 50 parts of a 50 per cent alkali metasilicate solution; 25 parts sulphonated ricinoleic acid or sulphonated lauryl alcohol; 25 parts pine oil. Specifications 17576/15, 203,720, 215,880, [all in Class 91, Oils &c.], and 363,372 are referred to.ALSO:Non-asphaltic liquid dispersions containing silicon dioxide are obtained by treating a concentrated solution of alkali silicate, preferably sodium metasilicate, with an organic acid or organic acidic substance and with an organic liquid otherwise immiscible or incompletely miscible with water (e.g. a grease solvent) capable of entering into colloidal association with the silicon dioxide to produce a liquid dispersion which is stable without added soap.  Bodies in a hydrated condition or containing a hydroxyl group may be used either as immiscible liquids or as soluble additions to compositions containing other immiscible liquids, for example phenol, cresol or certain alcohols may act as immiscible or incompletely miscible liquids while glycerol, sugar or glucose may be soluble additions.  In the case of phenol or cresol, these bodies may serve as the acidic substance to be added to the silicate and as the liquid to be dispersed.  Examples of other suitable immiscible liquids are halogenated hydrocarbons such as trichlorethylene, or chlornaphthalene, chlorinated phenols, oils or oxidizable bodies such as linseed oil in the oxidized or unoxidized condition.  The organic acid used preferably has detergent properties such as oleic acid or may be a sulphonated compound. Amphoteric substances such as glue, gelatine or casein may also be added.  Mineral salts such as calcium or barium chlorides may be added: these are stated to exert weak acid reaction and assist gel formation.  The products may be used for treating leather, paper or textile materials for impregnation or finishing purposes or for delustring artificial silk.  According to examples; (1) a size for artificial silk comprises equal parts by weight of a 25 per cent solution of sodium metasilicate; oleic acid; and linseed oil to which are added 5 per cent solutions of barium chloride and gelatine to an amount equal to half the weight of any of the other constituents, (2) a composition for simultaneous sizing and dyeing consists of 25 parts of a 25 per cent sodium metasilicate solution; 5 parts oleic acid; 10 parts linseed oil; 5 parts each of a 5 per cent solution of barium and calcium chlorides; and 50 parts of a 5 per cent solution of a soluble vat dyestuff, (3) product for wetting out cotton in kiers:--40 parts of a 50 per cent metasilicate solution and 60 parts of phenol or cresylic acid.  Specifications 17576/15, [Class 91, Oils &c.], 203,720, 215,880, [both in Class 15 (ii), Dyeing, Processes &c. for], and 363,372, [Group VIII], are referred to.ALSO:Non-asphaltic liquid dispersions containing silicon dioxide are obtained by treating a concentrated solution of alkali silicate, preferably sodium metasilicate, with an organic acid or organic acidic substance and with an organic liquid otherwise immiscible or incompletely miscible with water (e.g. a grease solvent) capable of entering into colloidal association with the silicon dioxide to produce a liquid dispersion which is stable without added soap.  Bodies in a hydrated condition or containing a hydroxyl group may be used either as immiscible liquids or as soluble additions to compositions containing other immiscible liquids, for example phenol, cresol or certain alcohols may act as immiscible or incompletely miscible liquids, while glycerol, sugar or glucose may be soluble additions.  In the case of phenol or cresol these bodies may serve as the acidic substance to be added to the silicate and as the liquid to be dispersed.  Examples of other suitable immiscible liquids are halogenated hydrocarbons such as trichlorethylene, or chlornaphthalene, chlorinated phenols, oils or oxidizable bodies such as linseed oil in the oxidized or unoxidized condition.  The organic acid used preferably has detergent properties such as oleic acid or may be a sulphonated compound.  Amphoteric substances such as glue, gelatine or casein may also be added.  Mineral salts such as calcium or barium chlorides may be added: these are stated to exert weak acid reaction and assist gel formation.  The products may be used for treating leather, paper or textile materials for impregnation or finishing purposes, or for delustring artificial silk.  According to examples: (1) A size for artificial silk comprises equal parts by weight of a 25 per cent solution of sodium metasilicate; oleic acid; and linseed oil to which are added 5 per cent solutions of barium chloride and gelatine to an amount equal to half the weight of any of the other constituents. (2) A composition for simultaneous sizing and dyeing consists of 25 parts of a 25 per cent sodium metasilicate solution; 5 parts oleic acid; 10 parts linseed oil; 5 parts each of a 5 per cent solution of barium and calcium chlorides; and 50 parts of a 5 per cent solution of a soluble vat dyestuff.  Specifications 17576/15, [Class 121, Starch &c.], 203,720, 215,880, [both in Class 91, Oils &c.], and 363,372, [Group VIII], are referred to.