Patent GB-1176061-A (GB)
Title: Vehicle Variable-ratio Transmission Hydraulic Control.
IPC: F16H61/08
Filed: 1967-01-03
Abstract: 1,176,061. Change-speed gearing control. CATERPILLAR TRACTOR CO. 3 Jan., 1967 [1 Feb., 1966], No. 280/67. Heading F2D. In an hydraulic control system for a vehicle manual change-speed transmission comprising a torque converter in series with an epicyclic gear train, Fig. 1 (not shown), providing four forward and three reverse speeds established by the engagement of one of three hydraulicallyactuated friction clutches and brakes, 1-3 (load clutches), and one of another three similar devices, 4-6 (speed clutches), a modulating relief valve 14 receives pressure fluid from an engine driven pump 21 and provides a dual rate pressure increase at the selected speed clutch, 4 as shown, via a line 46, and at the selected load clutch, 3 as shown, via line 47, a safety valve 17, and a pressure differential valve 16, the differential of which increases as a function of the speed clutch apply pressure during the first rate of pressure rise of valve 14 to a maximum, and then remains constant. The engine driven pump 21 alone feeds the system through a flow-limiting valve 18, including a restricted orifice 33, which regulates the line pressure by exhausting it to the torque converter 40 via line 35 as engine pump pressure builds up. The spool 26 of valve 18 is urged to the right by engine pump pressure, and to the left by spring 28 and regulated line pressure 34 through apertures 29 in spool 26. The modulating relief valve 14 further regulates the line pressure by exhausting it to the torque converter inlet via line 44. The valve spool 42 is urged to the right by line pressure 34 and to the left by spring 39 and by load clutch apply pressure 92, 97 from the pressure differential valve output 76 via a check valve 81 including a floating piston 86 which exhausts chamber 98 in valve 14 to a drain 88 or allows the chamber 98 to be filled initially through both lines 92, 97 for fast initial rise in pressure from valve 14, and then through line 97 alone for a slower pressure increase. In Fig. 9 (not shown), the chamber (98<SP>1</SP>) is charged slowly at first and then quickly. Speed clutch apply pressure 47 from valve 14 is fed via line 46 to a manual directional selector valve 13, the setting of which, together with valves 11 and 12 which are mechanically linked together for manual operation (not further described), selects which of clutches 1-3, 4-6 will be engaged, to engage the selected speed clutch. Speed clutch apply pressure 47 also passes via a safety valve 17 to the differential valve 16 which leaks hydraulic fluid to the load clutch apply line 76. The spool 66 of valve 16 is loaded to the right by speed clutch apply pressure 62 and to the left by spring 67 and by speed clutch apply pressure 109 acting on spool 106 to compress spring 67, up to a value corresponding to the pressure at which the charging of chamber 98 of valve 14 switches from both lines 92 and 97, to line 97 only, when spool 68 in valve 16 contacts stop 122 on the valve bore and the pressure differential has reached its maximum. A pressure relief valve 131 operates as the torque converter inlet relief valve, the spool 137 being urged to the right by inlet pressure 138 and to the left by speed clutch apply pressure 133 so that, when a shift is made, pressure 133 falls to speed clutch fill pressure, and inlet pressure 138 is vented to the transmission tube to smooth the shift. Safety valve 17 prevents engagement of the transmission on starting of the engine unless the transmission is first placed in neutral. When the engine is shut off (no pump pressure), spring 147 forces spool 148 into contact with stop 151 preventing communication between valves 14, 17 and hence preventing engagement of load clutches 1-3. On starting the engine, the transmission must first be placed in neutral, so that pressure fluid in line 152 is fed to chamber 153 via port 156 and a poppet 157, which allows flow into chamber 153 but restricts flow therefrom, to balance spring 147 and re-set the safety valve. A transmission, neutralizing valve 201 is effective to drain chamber 153 on application of the vehicle brake, whereupon the spool 148 moves to block off valves 14 and 16, the edge 211 of spool 148 and land 212 operating to meter fluid from line 47 via cross-drilled bores 213 and hole 214 preventing full travel of spool 148 into its full safety position, and allowing build-up of pressure in chamber 153 on brake release to provide transmission reengagement. A shift blocker 178 prevents the transmission from being placed in fourth speed reverse. On moving spool 54 of selector valve 13 to reverse R, pressure fluid 180 is provided to blocker 178 preventing movement of spool 53 to fourth position. A forward to reverse shaft in fourth speed automatically downshifts the transmission to third speed reverse. To prevent overdownshifting past third, a damping orifice 184 is provided in valve 11. Piston 188 inhibits overshifting into third when shifting from first to second. In first, the piston is moved against a spring 190 to abut stop 192 by fluid pressure 194, and on engaging second, line 194 slowly drains through restrictions 197, 198. Graphs of pressure against time for the speed and load clutches are provided, Figs. 7 and 8 (not shown), as is a shift pattern, Fig. 2 (not shown).