Patent GB-763533-A (GB)
Title: Separation of primary and tertiary cymene hydroperoxides
IPC: C07C407/00
Filed: 1954-09-02
Abstract: A process of separating primary and tertiary cymene hydroperoxides from a mixture thereof comprises contacting the mixture with an aqueous alkali metal solution of concentration in the range of 0.1 to 20 per cent w./v. to form an alkaline solution containing primary and tertiary hydroperoxide in which solution the ratio of primary to tertiary is greater than in the mixture subjected to the process, fractionally extracting the alkaline solution with an organic solvent for the hydroperoxides boiling below about 70 DEG  C. at 20 mm. Hg pressure, stable to alkali metal hydroxide solutions of the strength employed, having a solubility of less than 5 per cent in water at about 30 DEG  C. and a dielectric constant greater than three to form a solution of tertiary cymene hydroperoxide in said organic solvent and volatilizing said organic solvent to recover the tertiary hydroperoxide.  The alkaline solution of primary hydroperoxide may be extracted with a water-insoluble organic solvent as defined above to form a solution of primary hydroxide in said organic solvent and an alkaline solution substantially free from hydroperoxides which may be recycled to the step of contacting the initial mixture of hydroperoxides and the tertiary and primary hydroperoxides may be recovered from their solutions by volatilization of the organic solvents.  The cymene hydroperoxides employed may be made from individual or mixed o-, m- and p-cymenes, especially m- and p-cymene hydroperoxides which are more readily produced by oxidation in the liquid phase at elevated temperatures with elementary oxygen and the oxidation mixture may be recycled to the oxidation stage after extraction with aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution.  The oxidation mixture may be concentrated by distillation before extraction.  The alkali metal hydroxides mentioned are sodium and potassium hydroxides.  Solvents mentioned include chlorinates, hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform and ethylene chloride, ethers such as diethyl, diisopropyl and ethyl isopropyl ethers, ketones such as methyl propyl, methyl isopropyl and methyl isobutyl ketones and cyclohexanone, and alcohols such as butanols and pentanols.  The process may be carried out with countercurrent extraction equipment, the mixture of hydroperoxides being to the centre, alkali metal hydroxide solution to the top and organic solvent to the bottom.  At the top a mixture of tertiary hydroperoxide and neutral components such as cymene and methyl acetophenone may be removed in the organic solvent and at the bottom an alkali metal solution of primary cymene hydroperoxide.  The tertiary cymene hydroperoxide may be further extracted with alkali metal hydroxide to separate neutral products in a second extractor and may be again extracted with an organic solvent of the kind defined above. In examples: p-cymene is oxidized with air at elevated temperature in the presence of aqueous sodium carbonate and the mixture of products is contacted with aqueous sodium hydroxide in counter-current.  The extracted mixture is recycled to the oxidation process and the aqueous alkali extract is extracted in countercurrent with isopropyl ether.  On evaporation of the isopropyl ether extract tertiary p-cymenehydroperoxide is obtained.  The aqueous alkali extract is then contacted with methyl isobutyl ketone in countercurrent and p-cymene hydroperoxide is obtained on evaporation of the methyl isobutyl ketone extract.  The organic solvents are extracted with aqueous alkali solution and employed in further extraction (1); a mixture of p-cymene oxidation products similar to that employed in Example (1) is distilled under reduced pressure to remove p-cymene and the hydroperoxide concentrate fed to the centre stage of an extraction column and treated with countercurrent streams of aqueous sodium hydroxide and isopropyl ether.  Tertiary p-cymene hydroperoxide is obtained on evaporation of the isopropyl ether solution and p-cymene hydroperoxide is obtained by evaporating a methyl isobutyl ketone solution obtained by countercurrent extraction of the alkali extract with methyl isobutyl ketone (2). Similar results are obtained when m-cymene is employed in a process similar to (1).