Patent GB-812340-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to process for preparing alkali metal starch phosphates
IPC: C08B31/06
Filed: 1955-08-25
Abstract: An alkali metal starch phosphate is prepared by treating starch with an aqueous solution containing urea, preferably in an amount of 2-5 per cent by weight, and at least one ortho phosphate salt of an alkali metal, e.g. sodium, lithium or potassium, and the phosphate concentration and quantity thereof being sufficient to produce a final product containing at least 0.2 per cent, preferably 1 to 5 per cent, by weight of bound phosphorus, based on the starch, removing surface moisture from the treated starch granules and heating the treated starch at a temperature between 120 DEG  and 175 DEG  C., until the reaction has proceeded to substantial completion.  The heating is effected at either atmospheric pressure or under vacuum. The aqueous alkali metal phosphate solution usually contains between 2.5 and 43 per cent alkali metal phosphate by weight and is prepared by dissolving urea and an alkali metal phosphate, such as monosodium or disodium phosphate, or a combination of mono- and disodium phosphate, in water in such a proportion that the resulting solution has the desired pH. The phosphate salt may also be formed in situ either by dissolving a basic phosphate, such as trisodium phosphate, in water and adjusting the pH with phosphoric acid, or by neutralizing an aqueous solution of an acidic phosphate salt or phosphoric acid with an alkali metal hydroxide.  In a preferred procedure starch is added to an aqueous solution containing between 2 and 5 per cent urea and an alkali metal phosphate in an amount such that the solution has a pH between 4.0 and 7.0 and a molarity with respect to phosphate ion of between 1 and 3, the starch amounting to less than 1 1/2 times the weight of water present.  The resulting slurry is agitated for 5 to 60 minutes or more, preferably about 10 minutes, then the swollen starch granules are separated from the phosphate solution, e.g. by filtration, and excess surface moisture is removed, e.g. by drying in air or heating at a temperature below the gelatinization point of starch, and the resulting granules are heated to between 120 DEG  and 175 DEG  C. for between 1 and 15 hours, preferably between 140 DEG  and 170 DEG  C. for about 4 hours. The process is applicable to root starches such as potato or tapioca starch or cereal starches, such as amioca, corn and wheat starch. Degradation of the starch is promoted by increasing the amount of phosphate or by employing a higher temperature or a low pH value, within the above-defined ranges. In this way, a thick or a thin boiling alkali metal starch phosphate containing more or less of dextrin phosphate is produced.  Detailed examples are given.  The products are useful as sizes, as components in oil-well drilling muds and foundry cores, and as thickening agents in food products. Specification 812,339 is referred to.ALSO:An alkali metal starch phosphate, useful as a thickening agent in food products, such as soups, ice cream, puddings, mayonnaise, salad dressings and pie fillings, is prepared by treating starch with an aqueous solution containing urea and at least one orthophosphate salt of an alkali metal, e.g. lithium, sodium or potassium, at pH 3-8, removing surface moisture, and heating the treated starch at 120 DEG  to 175 DEG  C. Specification 812,339 is referred to.