Patent GB-839070-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to polyvinyl chloride film
IPC: C08J5/18
Filed: 1958-05-13
Abstract: Unoriented polyvinyl chloride film containing 0 to 5%, but not more than 5% (by weight), of a plasticizer, is elongated in at least one direction to an extent such that its dimension in the direction of stretch is at least 1.2 times its original dimension in the same direction, the temperature of the thus oriented film is thereafter raised to 150-165 DEG  C. and the film is then cooled at least to 100 DEG  C., the film being held under sufficient tension to keep its dimensions unchanged throughout the heating operation and preferably also until its temperature has fallen to 100 DEG  C. or below.  In a modification of the process the film initially contains more than 5% by weight of plasticizer, its plastizicer content being reduced to 5% or below in the course of the stretching, heating and cooling operations.  The film is preferably stretched in two mutually perpendicular directions at 70-95 DEG  C.  The elongation of the film may be effected by pressure-rolling in one or two directions, or by first rolling in one direction and then stretching by application of tension in the other, or vice versa, or the film may be stretched in one or two directions.  Alternatively the film may be in tubular form and stretched by inflation.  In an example, a film consisting of 92.5 parts of P.V.C., 3.5 parts of a mercapto tin compound as a thermal stabilizer, 3 parts of epoxy soya bean oil as a light-stabilizer and plasticizer and 1 part of calcium stearate as a lubricant, said film having been formed by melt extrusion, is passed through the nip of a pair of nip rolls heated to 92 DEG  C. and rotated at a peripheral speed of 20 feet/minute.  The film is then passed through a second pair of nip rolls cooled below room temperature by passing cold water through them and rotated at a speed of 50 p  feet/minute and is thus stretched in the longitudinal direction to 2.5 times its original length.  The film is then passed through a zone in which it is heated to about 95 DEG  C., the original film-width being maintained, and thereafter stretched transversely by means of a tentering apparatus comprising two diverging endless chains to about 2.5 times its original width, the ambient temperature being 90-92 DEG  C.  The film is then maintained at 155 DEG  C. for 3 minutes while being held to prevent shrinkage, and is thereafter allowed to cool to 80 DEG  C. before the tension is released.  Other plasticizers which may be used are dioctyl phthalate, tricresyl phosphate, di-(2-ethyl hexyl) adipate, di-(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate, triphenyl phosphate, and glycidyl esters of epoxidized fatty acids.  Other lubricants which may be used are modified castor oil, stearic acid and fatty acid amides such as oleamide.  Other heat-stabilizers which may be used are dibutyl tin thioesters, dibutyl tin maleate and laurate, and mixtures of aluminium, calcium or zinc salts of organic acids with polyhydroxy compounds.  Polyvinyl chloride films of the invention do not have the shock-brittleness and low impact and tensile strengths of normal unplasticized P.V.C. films.  They do not shrink by more than 15% in the direction or each direction of orientation when heated to 130 DEG  C. for 10 minutes in a relaxed condition.  They are suitable bases for coating, e.g. with polyethylene or nitrocellulose (see Group VIII).