Patent GB-1284641-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to measuring apparatus
Inventor: KENNEDY CHRISTOPHER JOHN
IPC: G01D5/347
Filed: 1970-01-08
Abstract: 1284641 Measuring position FERRANTI Ltd 19 April 1971 [8 Jan 1970] 902/70 Heading G4H In apparatus for measuring the position of a work-table 16 (Fig. 1) relative to a framework 10 the framework carries a grating 11 having a sequence of markings forming a chain code, i.e. a sequence in which any group of N consecutive digits differs from any other such group. This pattern is sensed to detect the position of the work-table. In the embodiment of Fig. 1 (and Figs. 2 and 3, not shown) the scan of 14 consecutive digits is effected by a scanning drum (13A) having a helical slot (12) and an interior light source so that as the drum is rotated the grating 11 is scanned the resulting train of pulses from a photo-cell 21 being fed to a store 41. The stored digits are compared with the data in a code generator 51, a comparator enabling a gate 47 so that pulses are fed to a counter 52 and to the generator 51 to step it on until equality between the store and generator is obtained. The count then represents the position of the work-table. The framework 10 and work-table 16 also carry gratings 22, 25, respectively, externally illuminated and scanned by a drum 13B having reflective helical marks 23 and sensed by photocells 24, 26, the relative phases of these photocell outputs being measured by counting clock pulses between, for example, their positivegoing zero crossings in a multi-decade counter 44 to give a fine measure of the position of the work-table. A drum (13C) rotating with the drums (13A, 13B) sets up repetitive start signals for the scanning when a mark (31) on its periphery co-operates with a slot 33 on the work-table, a photo-cell 34 then being illuminated. In the embodiment of Fig. 4 (not shown) gates (61, 64) are enabled by the output of a photo-cell (63) sensing a sync. track (62) at the centre of each bit of the code pattern to read in the sensed bits to the store 41 and also to shift the store. This embodiment may be modified (Fig. 9, not shown) so that when data has been read into the store (101) which when filled sets the bi-stable (103) the store is switched by the bi-stable to operate as a code generator. It is then stepped back to its datum position, pulses being simultaneously fed via a gate (67) enabled by the set bi-stable to a counter (52). In the embodiment of Fig. 6 in which data is read in to store 141 in parallel the outputs of one of two sets of photo-cells 72, 73 reading the 14- bit pattern are selected in accordance with the output of a photo-cell 75 sensing a sync. track 74. As before the stored count is compared with the code in code generator 51 to stop the counter 52 and step on the generator 51 until equality. Optical fibres may link the photo-cells to their associated pattern elements. To derive a fine count the apparatus may be modified by replacing the grating 74 with a grating (83, Fig. 7, not shown) co-operating with a fixed grating (84) to produce a cyclic pattern of wavelength equal to the pitch of one bit of the 14-bit pattern, the movement of the gratings being sensed by four photo-cells (86) phase displaced by 90 degrees. The photo-cell outputs are processed as in Specification 1,051,744 to deliver ten pulses to a counter for each cycle of pattern movement. The embodiment of Fig. 8 (not shown) combines the fine measurement of Fig. 1 with the photo-cell sensing of Fig. 6, the set of photo-cells being selected under the control of the fine counter to read in data to the store. The code generator may then be stepped until equality between the store and generator is detected or the store may be switched to operate as a code generator and be stepped back to its datum position. The scanning drum and linear gratings of Fig. 1 may be replaced by a scanning disc (113, Fig. 10, not shown) and circular gratings. A track (113A) on the disc (113) has a single slot replacing the helical slit of Fig. 1 which scans the chain code (111) on a disc (116) moving with the workpiece. A second track (113B) has a grating (123) scanning both a moving grating (122) and a fixed grating (125). A third track (113C) has a single mark (131) co-operating with a single mark (133) in a fixed track (132) to generate a start signal. The code generator 51 (Fig. 11) is an N-stage shift register, each stage comprising a JK flipflop, in which an exclusive OR gate 145 receives the outputs of the first and last stages to ensure that a "0" is entered if they are alike and a "1" otherwise so that a chain code is set up in the register .