baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent WO-2010092761-A1 (WO)
Inventor: NARUMI KENJI
IPC: G11B7/005
Filed: 2010-01-29
Abstract: An optical information reproducing device is provided with a light focusing unit (8) for generating near-field light, a signal quality measuring circuit (22) for measuring the quality of a reproduced signal from an optical information recording medium using the near-field light generated by the light focusing unit, a gap length determining circuit (17a) for determining a gap length between the light focusing unit and the surface of the optical information recording medium as a set value on the basis of the result of the measurement of the quality of the reproduced signal by the signal quality measuring circuit, and a gap control circuit (24) for controlling the gap between the light focusing unit and the surface of the optical information recording medium according to the set value determined by the gap length determining circuit. Information is reproduced from the optical information recording medium using the near-field light generated by the light focusing unit.
Patent WO-2011104752-A1 (WO)
Title: Charging-rate computation system
Inventor: SHIGEMIZU TETSURO
IPC: G01R31/36
Filed: 2010-02-24
Abstract: The disclosed charging-rate computation system outputs a first estimated charging rate on the basis of the estimated open-circuit voltage of a secondary cell, outputs a second estimated charging rate on the basis of the cell capacity of the secondary cell and the results of integrating the measured current of the secondary cell as well as the upper error bound thereof over a predetermined cycle, outputs a third estimated charging rate on the basis of the cell capacity and the results of integrating the measured current as well as the lower error bound thereof over the predetermined cycle, and outputs a fourth estimated charging rate on the basis of the cell capacity and the results of integrating the measured current over the predetermined cycle. In the time period within the predetermined cycle, the abovementioned fourth estimated charging rate is output as the charging rate, and at the endpoint of the predetermined cycle: when the first estimated charging rate is a value of an estimated charging rate between the second estimated charging rate and the third estimated charging rate, the first estimated charging rate is considered the charging rate; when the first estimated charging rate is a value that is at least the second estimated charging rate, the second estimated charging rate is considered the charging rate; and when the first estimated charging rate is less than or equal to the third estimated charging rate, the third estimated charging rate is considered the charging rate.
Patent WO-2010113388-A1 (WO)
Title: Container for collecting needle to be discarded and part for collecting needle to be discarded
Inventor: NOGAMI TOSHIMITSU
IPC: A61G12/00
Filed: 2010-03-04
Abstract: A container for collecting a needle to be discarded and a part for collecting a needle to be discarded which, in dismounting of a used syringe needle unit, allow the user to simply dismount the used syringe needle unit without directly touching the unit by hand and without using a complex device.
A container (10) for collecting a needle to be discarded, used to collect a syringe needle section (96) joined through screw threads to the tip of a syringe body (90) through a holding body (94). The container (10) is provided with a container body (12) and an opening section (14) which is located at the upper surface of the container body (12) and in which an insertion hole (100) into which the holding body (94) is inserted is formed. The opening section (14) comprises a grip mechanism (64) for gripping the holding body (94), and also comprises a ball spline shaft (48) and a bearing (50) which allow the grip mechanism (64) to rotationally move as the grip mechanism (64) moves linearly in the direction in which the insertion hole (100) of the grip mechanism (64) extends. The holding body (94) which is inserted into the insertion hole (100) is separated from the syringe body (90) when the holding body (94) is moved in the direction in which the insertion hole extends.
Patent WO-2010113472-A1 (WO)
Inventor: NAKAJIMA KAIYO
IPC: A61F13/49
Filed: 2010-03-30
Abstract: La présente invention concerne une couche jetable utilisant des matériaux en feuillets élastiques, de sorte à augmenter localement la pression à une surface de contact, empêchant ainsi la couche de bouger de manière décelable sur le corps du porteur lors de son utilisation. Des première et seconde régions enserrant la taille 13, 14, au moins la première région enserrant la taille 13 peut se contracter. La première région enserrant la taille 13 comprend des feuillets élastiques auxiliaires enserrant la taille 24A, 24B s'étendant en direction d'un axe transversal Q entre les bords latéraux opposés 18c, 18c de la première région enserrant la taille 13, et des feuillets élastiques auxiliaires enserrant les jambes 26A, 26B s'étendant le long des bords périphériques avant 18d, 18d de l'ouverture pour les jambes. Les feuillets élastiques auxiliaires enserrant la taille 24A, 24B et les feuillets élastiques auxiliaires enserrant les jambes 26A, 26B se chevauchent les uns les autres dans les zones des bords latéraux opposés 18c, 18c de la première région enserrant la taille 13 aux ouvertures pour les jambes 17a, 17b, respectivement. La couche étant mise sur le corps du porteur, ces zones entrent en contact avec les régions latérales supérieures des os iliaques du porteur, incluant les régions à proximité de ceux-ci.
Patent WO-2010119662-A1 (WO)
Title: Synchronous electric motor driving system
Inventor: TAGOME MASAKI
IPC: H02P27/08
Filed: 2010-04-12
Abstract: Provided is a synchronous electric motor driving system capable of suppressing current ripple while reducing switching loss. The synchronous electric motor driving system comprises three-phase inverters (201 to 203), a control circuit (400) for controlling the operations of the respective three-phase inverters, and a synchronous electric motor (300) having a plurality of three-phase windings. The control circuit (400), when controlling the operations of the respective three-phase inverters, makes the three-phase inverters (201, 203) and the three-phase inverter (202) generate a three-phase AC power by using mutually different carrier frequencies. The three-phase inverters supply the three-phase AC power to the respective different three-phase windings.
Patent WO-2011030480-A1 (WO)
Title: Apparatus and method for peeling adhesive film
Inventor: HIRANO TAKAAKI
IPC: G02B5/30
Filed: 2010-05-07
Abstract: Disclosed is a peeling apparatus (1) which is provided with: a peeling stage (3) for placing a liquid crystal display device (30) provided with a liquid crystal display panel; a wire (10), which is wound along the outer circumference of a polarization plate and is inserted into spaces, which are formed between the liquid crystal display panel and a polarization plate at the four corners of the polarization plate; and a wire take-up section (5) for moving the wire (10) by taking up the wire (10). The polarization plate is peeled from the liquid crystal display device by peeling the polarization plate from the liquid crystal display panel, while moving the wire (10) between the polarization plate and the liquid crystal display panel by taking up the wire (10).
Patent WO-2011148431-A1 (WO)
Title: Plant diagnostic device and diagnostic method using same
Inventor: KUSUMI NAOHIRO
IPC: G05B23/02
Filed: 2010-05-28
Abstract: When performing anomaly or predictor diagnostics of a plant on the basis of a process signal acquired from the plant, dead time exists for an apparatus placed in the plant. Therefore, inputs and outputs of a model constructed for anomaly or predictor diagnostic use are shifted by the amount of the dead time so that a shift is generated in the correlation constructed within the model. Provided are a plant diagnostic device and diagnostic method which take into consideration the dead time of the process signal on the basis of apparatus information so as to be free of deviation.
Patent WO-2011070783-A1 (WO)
Title: Information display apparatus and information display method
Inventor: NOGAMI TATEAKI
IPC: G08G1/16
Filed: 2010-12-08
Abstract: Provided are an information display apparatus and an information display method that are not affected by the state in which a vehicle is being driven, and provide a display of information that is easily noticeable but not obtrusive to a driver. The information display apparatus comprises an attention object detection unit (32) that detects information that should be displayed to the driver; a symbol image selection unit (33) that sets a symbol image to be displayed to the driver; an optical flow calculation unit (34a) that detects an optical flow of the view in the forward direction of the vehicle; a movement effect determination unit (35) that sets a movement effect to be given to the symbol image; a display image generation unit (36) that generates a display image which is formed by combining the symbol image with the movement effect given by the movement effect determining unit (35); and a display control unit (37) that displays the generated display image to the driver. The movement effect determining unit (35) changes the movement effect to be given to the symbol image in accordance with the state in which the vehicle is being driven.
Patent WO-2011070791-A1 (WO)
Inventor: OKUMURA TAISEI
IPC: C12N1/00
Filed: 2010-12-10
Abstract: La présente invention concerne un procédé qui consiste à dissoudre de l'oxygène ou du dioxyde de carbone dans un milieu de culture liquide contenant des nutriments et à y cultiver des cellules ou des micro-organismes, l'oxygène ou le dioxyde de carbone étant rapidement dissous dans le milieu de culture liquide dont l'agitation est par ailleurs doucement régulée. Un gaz contenant de l'oxygène ou de l'oxyde de carbone est introduit dans un corps poreux (11) de façon à créer des bulles d'air (12) ayant un diamètre à 50 %, dans la distribution de la taille moyenne des grains en volume, inférieur ou égal à 200 µm dans un milieu de culture (13). Le milieu de culture liquide (13) contient, en tant qu'additif, au moins un composant choisi parmi un hydrolysat protéique et un agent de protection cellulaire pour la protection des cellules.
Patent WO-2010079811-A1 (WO)
Inventor: NAGATA KENSEI
IPC: A61P19/04
Filed: 2010-01-07
Abstract: 腰痛の治癒、特に腰椎椎間板ヘルニア、腰部脊柱管狭窄症、椎間板損傷などといった椎間板変性関連疾患の治癒にあたり、保存療法と併用でき、かつ高い治癒効果を示す医薬が望まれている。　本発明は、Ｍｓｘ１、Ｓｏｘ９、Ｎｆｋｂ１、Ｐｄｇｆａ、Ｓｐａｒｃ、ＶｄｒおよびＶｅｇｆａから選択される少なくとも一つの遺伝子の発現を解析することを特徴とする、椎間板変性関連疾患に羅患しているか否かを判別する方法；椎間板変性関連疾患の予防または治療剤のスクリーニング方法；上記遺伝子群から選択される少なくとも一つの遺伝子の全部または一部を含んでなる核酸および薬理学上許容される担体を含んでなる椎間板変性関連疾患の予防または治療用医薬組成物などを提供する。
Patent WO-2010134362-A1 (WO)
Inventor: YOSHIMURA TETSUO
IPC: G02F1/1335
Filed: 2010-01-27
Abstract: La présente invention concerne un panneau à cristaux liquides (10), une plaque de polarisation à plusieurs couches (20) et un élément de recouvrement tel qu'un écran tactile (30) ou un cache de verre qui sont superposés et mis à adhérer dans cet ordre, afin de former un dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides (1). La plaque de polarisation à plusieurs couches (20) et le panneau à cristaux liquides (10) adhèrent l'un à l'autre grâce à une couche adhésive (24) formée sur l'une des surfaces de la plaque de polarisation à plusieurs couches (20). La plaque de polarisation à plusieurs couches (20) et le cache de verre adhèrent l'un à l'autre grâce à une couche adhésive (26) formée sur l'autre surface de la plaque de polarisation à plusieurs couches (20). Les couches adhésives (24, 26) sont recouvertes par des séparateurs (25, 27).
Patent WO-2010109956-A1 (WO)
Inventor: KAWAHARA YOUHEI
IPC: B60L50/16
Filed: 2010-02-04
Abstract: An electric storage device includes a state detection unit that manages and controls the state of a battery unit. The state detection unit reads the inter-terminal voltage of each of a plurality of batteries measured by a battery management unit in an unloaded condition in which the battery unit is separated from a load, and obtains information about the variations in the charge states of the batteries. In addition, the state detection unit obtains, in consideration of the information about the variations in the charge states of the batteries, allowable charge/discharge information necessary for controlling the charging/discharging of the battery unit in a loaded condition in which the battery unit is connected to the load and is charged or discharged, and outputs the allowable charge/discharge information to a charge/discharge device in the battery unit.
Patent WO-2010128618-A1 (WO)
Inventor: TADOKORO TAKAHIDE
IPC: F04D29/30
Filed: 2010-04-15
Abstract: Provided is a centrifugal fan which can accelerate an air current even in the main plate-side rear edge portion. The centrifugal fan (110) is comprised of a main plate (2) driven to rotate about a rotary shaft (17); a shroud (3) which is opposed to the main plate (2), and has an intake port for suctioning air; and a plurality of blades (40) which are disposed upright between the main plate (2) and the shroud (3). The distance between the rear edges of two adjacent blades (40) is gradually decreased in the direction from the shroud (3) to the main plate (2), from at least a certain point in the direction from the shroud (3) to the main plate (2). Further, in each blade (40), the inclination (53a) of the negative pressure surface of the blade (40) which extends from the main plate (2) toward the shroud (3) is smaller than the inclination (53b) of the pressure surface of the blade (40) which extends from the main plate (2) toward the shroud (3), at least in the vicinity of the rear edge.
Patent WO-2010147109-A1 (WO)
Title: Angiogenesis inducer comprising genetically modified gelatin and basic fibroblast growth factor
Inventor: OGIWARA KAZUTAKA
IPC: C07K14/78
Filed: 2010-06-15
Abstract: Disclosed is an angiogenesis inducer which is safe for living organisms, has excellent bioadhesive properties, and can reduce the quantity of bFGF to be used. The angiogenesis inducer comprises, as active ingredients, a genetically modified gelatin having an amino acid sequence derived from a partial amino acid sequence for collagen and a basic fibroblast growth factor.
Patent WO-2011004688-A1 (WO)
Inventor: MUTO TSUYOSHI
IPC: G02B5/22
Filed: 2010-06-18
Abstract: Disclosed are phthalocyanine compounds, which are to be subjected to film formation and then heating. When the temperature of the heating is raised from 60°C to 80°C, 150°C or 200°C, the light absorption bands of the phthalocyanine compounds are shifted to the near-infrared region. Therefore, the phthalocyanine compounds are suitable for use in fields wherein an absorption band in the near-infrared region is necessitated. Further, the phthalocyanine compounds exhibit excellent solubility in organic solvents and thus can be easily formed into films by spin coating or other simple methods.
Patent WO-2010150844-A1 (WO)
Inventor: YAWATA YUKIMI
IPC: G03F7/00
Filed: 2010-06-24
Abstract: 感熱マスク層と感光性樹脂層との密着力が良好で、かつ時間とともにマイグレートが進行しない、経時安定性のすぐれた感光性凸版印刷原版を提供する。すなわち、少なくとも（Ａ）支持体、（Ｂ）感光性樹脂層、（Ｃ）感熱マスク層が順次積層されてなる水現像可能な感光性凸版印刷原版であって、（Ｂ）感光性樹脂層と（Ｃ）感熱マスク層とがともに同一の（Ｃ３）極性基含有ポリアミドを含有し、（Ｃ）感熱マスク層が（Ｃ２）両親媒性高分子を含有することを特徴とする感光性凸版印刷原版である。
Patent WO-2011001934-A1 (WO)
Title: Cooling device, cooling method, manufacturing device, and manufacturing method for hot-rolled steel sheet
Inventor: ETO MANABU
IPC: B21B45/02
Filed: 2010-06-28
Abstract: Provided are a cooling device, a cooling method, a manufacturing device, and a manufacturing method for a hot-rolled steel sheet, which are capable of manufacturing a hot-rolled steel sheet having ultra-fine crystal grains.
The cooling device for a hot-rolled steel sheet is configured so that when the steel sheet conveyance direction length of the interval from the press-down point in the final stand to the exit side of a housing post is denoted by L1, the steel sheet conveyance direction length of a portion in the interval, where high-pressure jet water is continuously ejected toward a steel sheet, is denoted by L2, and the ratio L2/L1 is denoted by X, a steel sheet conveyance direction average value (Ps [kPa]) of the steel sheet surface collision pressure of the high-pressure jet water in the portion having the length L2 satisfies the relationship Ps  >  2.5X (-1/0.6)  at the upper and lower surfaces of the steel sheet. The cooling method uses the cooling device. The manufacturing device for a hot-rolled steel sheet includes the final stand in a hot finish rolling machine line and the cooling device in this order in the steel sheet conveyance direction. The manufacturing method for a hot-rolled steel sheet includes a step of processing, using the manufacturing device, a steel sheet rolled at the final stand in the hot finish rolling machine line.
Patent WO-2011004728-A1 (WO)
Inventor: KAWAMOTO HIDEO
IPC: A61M5/34
Filed: 2010-06-28
Abstract: A needle tube configured in such a manner that, even without the application of surface treatment to the needle tube and a holding member for supporting the needle tube, the needle tube does not come out of the holding member.
A syringe needle assembly (1) is provided with a needle tube (2) and a hub (3). The needle tube (2) is provided with a needle tube body (4) and a swollen section (5). The needle tube body (4) is provided with a needle point which can be inserted into an organism. The swollen section (5) is formed by press working in which the needle tube body (4) is pressed in the axial direction thereof, and the swollen section (5) has an annular shape which continues in the circumferential direction of the needle tube body (4). The hub (3) is provided with an engagement section (38a) with which the swollen section (5) of the needle tube (2) is engaged, and the hub (3) holds the needle tube (2).
Patent WO-2011013680-A1 (WO)
Title: Electrostatic coating device for conductive coating material
Inventor: NAKAZONO DAISUKE
IPC: B05B15/55
Filed: 2010-07-27
Abstract: In an electrostatic coating device (1), a conductive coating material is supplied via a coating material supply path (11) to a coating gun (13) to which high voltage is applied. The electrostatic coating device (1) is provided with an isolation valve (32) capable of electrically isolating the coating material supply path (11) into the applied side to which the high voltage is applied and the non-applied side. The isolation valve (32) comprises a female joint member (32U) having a first connection part (54) and a male joint member (32D) having a second connection part (64). A supply hole (55) for supplying a cleaning fluid to the first connection part (54) and the second connection part (64) and a discharge hole (56) for discharging the cleaning fluid supplied to the first connection part and the second connection part are provided in either the female joint member (32U) or the male joint member (32D), which is provided in the non-applied side.
Patent WO-2011034036-A1 (WO)
Title: 炭化水素油の製造方法および合成反応システム
Inventor: TASAKA KAZUHIKO
IPC: C10G2/00
Filed: 2010-09-14
Abstract: この炭化水素油の製造方法は、一酸化炭素ガスと水素ガスとを含むガスから、フィッシャー・トロプシュ合成反応により炭化水素油を得る炭化水素油の製造方法であって、反応器に充填された、触媒粒子を含有するスラリー中で、前記原料ガスに含まれる一酸化炭素ガスと水素ガスとを反応させて炭化水素を合成する炭化水素合成工程と、前記スラリーを、前記反応器内部のスラリー床の上部から抜き出してろ過し、触媒粒子の粉化により形成された粉化粒子を捕捉・分離し、液体炭化水素を得る粉化粒子除去工程と、前記スラリー床の上部より下方の位置から前記スラリーを抜き出してろ過し、触媒粒子を捕捉・分離し、液体炭化水素を得る触媒粒子捕捉工程と、前記触媒粒子捕捉工程において捕捉した触媒粒子を前記反応器に返送する触媒粒子返送工程とを備える。
Patent WO-2011037198-A1 (WO)
Title: Curtain airbag device
Inventor: KIM MINFUN
IPC: B60R21/213
Filed: 2010-09-24
Abstract: Disclosed is a curtain airbag device that prevents unpredictable rotation of a cushion part during the initial stage of inflation and expansion, allowing the cushion part to expand appropriately between a rider and a side wall of the vehicle interior. The disclosed curtain airbag device (100), which is stored at the top of a side wall of the vehicle interior, is characterized by the provision of: a cushion part (140) that is stretched in the forward/backward direction of the vehicle, is stored rolled up from bottom to top, and inflates and expands downwards when a gas is supplied; and a long protector (180) that covers the cushion part (140). The protector (180) has a rotation-prevention part (194) which is an integral part of the protector (180) and which interacts with an assist grip bracket (192), which is affixed to the vehicle body around the protector (180), to prevent the cushion part (140) from rotating.
Patent WO-2011037223-A1 (WO)
Title: 内臓脂肪重量の低下剤
Inventor: TAKIZAWA TOSHIAKI
IPC: A61P3/06
Filed: 2010-09-27
Abstract: 次の一般式（１）： （式中、Ｒ １ 及びＲ ２ は同一又は異なって水素原子等を示し；Ｒ ３ａ 、Ｒ ３ｂ 、Ｒ ４ａ 及びＲ ４ｂ は同一又は異なって水素原子、ハロゲン原子等を示すか、Ｒ ３ａ とＲ ３ｂ あるいはＲ ４ａ とＲ ４ｂ が結合してアルキレンジオキシ基を示し；Ｘは酸素原子、硫黄原子又はＮ－Ｒ ５ （Ｒ ５ は水素原子、Ｃ １－４ アルキル基等を示す）を示し；Ｙは酸素原子、Ｓ（Ｏ） ｌ 基（ｌは０～２の数を示す）、カルボニル基等を示し；ＺはＣＨ又はＮを示し；ｎは１～６の数を示し；ｍは２～６の数を示す。） で表される化合物若しくはその塩又はこれらの溶媒和物を有効成分とするＦＧＦ２１産生促進剤。
Patent WO-2011037269-A1 (WO)
Title: Shielded Connector
Inventor: TAKESHITA YUUHEI
IPC: H01R13/52
Filed: 2010-09-22
Abstract: To provide a shielded connector which can prevent the shielded connector itself or a mating connector from being stained by water that has penetrated into a shielded crimping space without calling for a reduction in productivity and increase in production costs. An end portion of a plug member 51 which is attached to an opening end side of an electric wire end portion accommodating cylindrical portion 33 of a connector housing 7 into which a shielded wire 3 is inserted is sealed by a cylindrical sealing packing 53 which fits in an inner circumference of the plug member 51 at one end side and projects into an interior of a shielded crimping space 35 which is formed in an intermediate position along the length of the electric wire end portion accommodating cylindrical portion 33 at the other end side thereof and a primary sealing cap 55 which fits on an outer circumference of the plug member 51 at one end side and fits on an outer circumference of the other end portion of the sealing packing 53 at the other end side.
Patent WO-2011065200-A1 (WO)
Title: 超音波ボンディング用アルミニウムリボン
Inventor: MIKAMI MICHITAKA
IPC: H01L21/60
Filed: 2010-11-05
Abstract: 【課題】何万回接合しても高いボンディング接合強度と一定の接合強度を維持することができる超音波ボンディング用アルミニウムリボンの提供。 【解決手段】アルミニウムの金属またはアルミ基合金からなる超音波ボンディング用リボンであって、そのアルミニウム純度が９９．９９質量％以上であり、かつ、アルミニウムリボンの鏡面光沢面上に蒸発乾固された分子量５００以下の非イオン性界面活性剤の総有機炭素量が１００～１０００μｇ／ｍ 2 である、超音波ボンディング用アルミニウムリボン。
Patent WO-2011055819-A1 (WO)
Title: ビスフェノール化合物製造用触媒及びビスフェノール化合物の製造方法
Inventor: TSUTSUMINAI SUSUMU
IPC: C07B61/00
Filed: 2010-11-08
Abstract: スチレン系モノマーと架橋性モノマーとの共重合反応で得られたゲル型ビーズにスルホン酸基などの強酸基を導入したゲル型触媒ビーズからなるビスフェノール化合物製造用触媒であって、前記ゲル型触媒ビーズの５０％以上が、粒径３０～６５０μｍであることを特徴とするビスフェノール化合物製造用触媒と、この触媒の存在下、フェノール化合物とカルボニル化合物とを反応させるビスフェノール化合物の製造方法。本発明により、原料の転化率及びビスフェノール化合物の選択率が高く、触媒寿命が長く、触媒充填層における圧力損失が低いビスフェノール化合物製造用強酸性陽イオン交換樹脂触媒と、この触媒を用いて、ビスフェノール化合物を高転化率及び高選択率で、長期に亘り安定かつ効率的に製造する方法を提供する。
Patent WO-2011068016-A1 (WO)
Title: Dispositif semi-conducteur
Inventor: YAMAZAKI SHUNPEI
IPC: H01L29/417
Filed: 2010-11-04
Abstract: <span lang=FR style='font-family:"Courier New"'>Un des objectifs de la présente invention est de fournir un transistor à canal p comprenant un oxyde semi-conducteur. Un autre objectif est de fournir une structure de semi-conducteur complémentaire à l'oxyde de métal (CMOS) d'un transistor à canal n comprenant un oxyde semi-conducteur et un transistor à canal p comprenant un oxyde semi-conducteur. Un transistor à canal p comprenant un oxyde semi-conducteur comprend une couche d'électrode de grille, une couche d'isolation de grille, une couche d'oxyde semi-conducteur et des couches d'électrode de source et de drain en contact avec la couche d'oxyde semi-conducteur. Si l'affinité électronique</span> et la bande interdite d'un oxyde semi-conducteur utilisé pour la couche d'oxyde semi-conducteur dans le dispositif semi-conducteur sont respectivement χ (eV) et E g  (eV), le travail de sortie (φ m ) du conducteur utilisé pour la couche d'électrode de source et la couche d'électrode de drain satisfait l'inégalité φ m  > χ + E g  / 2 et la barrière pour les trous (φ Bp ) représentée par (χ + E g  - φ m ) est inférieure à 0,25 eV.