baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-507331-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to telephone systems
IPC: H04Q3/00
Filed: 1937-12-13
Abstract: 507,331. Automatic exchange systems. AUTOMATIC TELEPHONE & ELECTRIC CO., Ltd., McCLEW, J. W., and PEARCE, O. A. Dec. 13,1937, No. 34494. [Class 40 (iv)] In a system in which two subscribers share an exchange line with the aid of apparatus at a switching point outside the exchange, this apparatus includes a relay individual to each party and serving to connect him to the line and to disconnect the other party, and a common relay for connecting both parties to the line for a reverting call. Outgoing calls. Looping the line at ASH or BSH causes the operation of the individual line relay LA or LB at the exchange in series with the individual line relay X or Y at the switching point. LA or LB starts a finder in known manner and X or Y disconnects the other party. LA and LB mark different terminals in the finder banks to enable calls to be metered individually. Incoming calls. The parties occupy different positions in the final selector banks, the cterminals being multipled and the connections to the a and b terminals transposed. An incoming call thus operates the common cut-off relay K and causes ringing current to be projected over one or other of the legs of the common line. When the called party replies, his line relay X or Y completes the talking circuit and cuts out the other party. Reverting call. In this case the circuit shown in Fig. 2 is picked up and the subscriber hangs up. Relays A, B, BA pull up initially, A and B falling again, when the calling party hangs up, to give an impulse to C and energize D. C temporarily connects a high voltage battery across the line to operate a reverting call relay RR via a neon tube NT. This relay connects both parties to the exchange line and remains in the operated condition until it receives a reverse impulse. On the relapse of C, ringing current is sent over the exchange line and rings both bells. When the wanted party answers, ring-trip relay F locks up and releases D which connects up the line relay A again and B is re-operated. When both parties hang up, A and B fall back and C and D are temporarily re-operated to send a high voltage impulse over the line. Since F is not yet released, this impulse is in the direction to restore RR, release is completed by the relapse of BA. If the wanted party fails to answer, the calling party trips the ring and releases the connection in quick succession before the meter, the operation of which is subject to delay, can bo actuated.
Patent GB-337989-A (GB)
Title: Method of and apparatus for feeding molten glass
IPC: C03B7/096
Filed: 1929-11-12
Abstract: 337,989. Jackson, L. Mellersh-, (Ball Bros. Co.). Nov. 12, 1929. Delivering molten metal.-Relates to a feeder of the kind in which the glass flows through an outlet formed in the floor of a forehearth, a suitable device being provided for controlling the flow of glass and delivering it in successive charges. The invention consists in providing means for automatically keeping constant the temperature of the glass above the outlet in order to maintain uniformity of the successive charges of glass delivered by the feeder. The glass is melted in a tank furnace 10 and flows along a forehearth 11 to an outlet 12. Vertically adjustable baffles 14, 15 are provided, one near the tank end and one nearer the forward end of the forehearth, to control the circulation of hot gases above the glass. The front wall 16 of the forehearth is rounded, and the space behind this wall is heated by the flames from gas burners 18. The burners are connected to a gas supply main 21 and an air main 22, and the supplies through the mains are controlled by valves 24, 25 respectively. These valves are opened or closed simultaneously by an electric motor 26 which is so constructed that it moves and stops in half cycles, and energization of the motor therefore causes it to open or close the valves and then stop. Bye-pass pipes 27, 29 are provided in order to supply fuel to pilot burners. A thermo-couple 40, fitted into the forehearth at a point between the tank 10 and the burners 18 and having an inner end close to the surface of the glass, is connected with a device 43 which controls the circuit of the motor 26. The device 43 is adjusted to cause actuation of the motor at predetermined maximum and minimum temperatures. Thus as the temperature of the glass below the thermocouple, 40 rises or falls, the motor is actuated either to cut-off or supply fuel to the burners 18 and thus to supply heat when necessary to the glass above the outlet. The device can be used for controlling the flow of glass through the outlet of a tube 50 submerged in the glass and having its interior alternately connected with a vacuum tank or a compressor.
Patent GB-348589-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to textile materials
Filed: 1929-11-13
Abstract: In the production of textile fabrics exhibiting crape effects, untwisted or slightly twisted yarns are coated with a material capable of being swelled, then dried, highly twisted, woven into a fabric and then craped by treatment with water or other aqueous liquid which causes the coating deposit to swell.  As coatings, such substances as casein, egg albumen, rubber, rubber latex and algin may be used.  The drying may be effected by warm or hot air or by water-abstracting means such as strong alcohol or concentrated calcium chloride solution.  Casein may be swelled by dilute soap solution.  Benzene or other aromatic hydrocarbons facilitate the swelling of rubber latex coatings, and their action may be modified or diminished by the addition of lower paraffins. When aqueous gelatine is used, the subsequent swelling is modified and the softening tendency of water reduced by the addition thereto of alcohol or of a salt or other material, or water vapour in restricted quantity may be used.  Casein may be used with alkali and then treated with an acid or with a salt of a heavy metal, of calcium, or other alkaline-earth metal.  Casein thus becomes insoluble and, when subsequently treated in fabric form with water, swells but does not dissolve or become soft.  Suitable alkalies for casein are borax, caustic soda and ammonia.  Casein and ammoniacal solution may be used.  Drying to remove the ammonia leaves the casein capable of swelling without softening. Formaldehyde may be used with casein and with other albuminous materials.  Cellulose acetate may be treated with casein rendered alkaline with an aliphatic amine.  Softening agents such as glycerine, lubricating agents such as oils, or soaps such as sodium stearate may be added to the watery liquid.  The coating may be applied by any known sizing method, and the yarn may be treated in hank form or on bobbins.  In the case of artificial threads such as cellulose acetate it may take place continuously with their production, the dry-spun yarn passing directly to the coating apparatus.  The swelling to produce the cr<\>eping and the removal of the coating material may be done in the same bath, the strength and temperature being raised for removal of the coating material after swelling.  The crape threads may comprise the whole or part of the weft of a fabric or the warp may contain them.  It is preferred however to use thread of low twist as the warp, and for the weft to use crape threads of right and left-hand twist alternating singly or in pairs.  The process is applicable to the manufacture of textile fabrics having crape threads of degummed silk or of regenerated cellulose, cellulose esters, such as formate, acetate, propionate and butyrate, and cellulose ethers such as ethyl, methyl, and benzyl cellulose, and the condensation products of cellulose and glycols or polyhydric alcohols. Specifications 224,642 and 226,256, [both in Class 120 (iii), Yarns &c.], are referred to.
Patent GB-1323977-A (GB)
Title: Circuit arrangements for producing a high-voltage pulse
IPC: F23Q2/28
Filed: 1971-07-23
Abstract: 1323977 Ignition systems BRAUN AG 23 July 1971 [27 July 1970] 34672/71 Heading F1B In a circuit arrangement for generating a high voltage pulse, particularly for use to provide an ignition spark in lighters, a capacitor C is arranged to be charged by a transistorized blocking oscillator when a switch S is in a first position 2 and when the switch is in a second position 1 the capacitor is connected to the primary winding of a transformer T2 the secondary of which yields the high voltage pulse. The transistorized blocking oscillator has inductively coupled collector and base circuits, the corresponding emitter being connected to one terminal of a low voltage D.C. source B and the collector and base circuits being connected by the switch in its first position with the other terminal of the low voltage D.C. source. The coupled inductive windings of the blocking oscillator are coupled to a further inductive winding the terminals of which are connected to the capacitor through a rectifier D to form a charging circuit.
Patent GB-1402680-A (GB)
Title: Injectors for injecting a liquid in particular a fuel into a high temperature space such as a combustion chamber
IPC: F02K9/52
Filed: 1973-07-20
Abstract: 1402680 Gas turbine engine fuel supply manifolds SOC NATIONALE D'ETUDE ET DE CONSTRUCTION DE MOTEURS D'AVIATION 20 July 1973 [21 July 1972] 34715/73 Headings F1G and F1J [Also in Division F4] The invention relates to a liquid injection manifold such as a liquid fuel injection manifold for the reheat combustion section of a gas turbine jet engine. The manifold shown in Fig. 1 is a straight hollow tube having a twisted longitudinal partition 10 therein so forming two passages 11, 12 through which fuel flows from the inlet 3 to the closed end 2, being discharged from the passages through ports 9. In Fig. 2 the passage 11 is closed at the inlet end so that fuel flows first through the passage 12 then reverses in direction adjacent the closed end 2 and returns through the passage 11 being discharged therefrom through ports 9. The pitch of the twisted partition may be varied so that greater cooling is produced at regions subjected to highest temperature. In Fig. 5 a pair of twisted partitions 15, 16 are mounted on a central core 14. The ring manifold shown in Fig. 6a comprises two semi-circular portions 1a, 1b supplied through inlet 20 at ends 3a, 3b, the ends 2a, 2b being closed. Each portion of the manifold comprises a twisted partition member defining flow and return passages 11a, 12a, 11b, 12b. The fuel manifold may be disposed within a V-section flame-holder member, fuel being discharged from the manifold through openings at the apex of the flame-holder. A series of straight fuel injection manifolds may project radially inwardly from a circular supply manifold, each injection manifold being divided by a twisted internal partition.
Patent GB-1517579-A (GB)
Title: Method and apparatus for densitometrical measurement
IPC: G01N30/95
Filed: 1975-08-21
Abstract: 1517579 Measuring optical density SHIMADZU SEISAKUSHO Ltd 21 Aug 1975 [29 Aug 1974] 34791/75 Heading G1A To measure the optical density of a region of a sample on a support, the region is optically scanned to produce an electric signal. When the scanning beam is outside the region its value is sampled and held; this value is subtracted from the value obtained when the beam is within the region, to remove background effects, e.g. due to the support. The invention may be applied to densitometric measurement of a spot produced in thin layer or paper chromatography. In Fig. 2(a) such a spot 1 is scanned in a zig-zag fashion by a beam B. To remove the effects of background particles IM, the signal produced by the photo-detector is sampled at the end of each stroke of the scan and the sampled value is subtracted from the detector signal during the following stroke. Fig. 3 shows the relevant circuitry. The detector signal I is sampled by closing switch SW 2  by means of a switch SW 1  and relay R operated by the scanning mechanism; when SW 2  is closed, the signal is stored by capacitor C. The stored value is buffered at A and inverted at E so that the adder F subtracts the stored value from the instantaneous value. The output of F is a true measure of the absorbance of the spot, and may be used to give the concentration of the substance in the spot or may be integrated to give the quantity in the spot. Instead of zig-zag scanning, the light may be reciprocated to and fro across the spot, the wavelength being changed at each stroke. A complete system using the above baseline correction is shown in Fig. 5. One of two light sources W and D2 illuminates the sample 4; the light is chopped at 2 and passes alternately through monochromators MR and MS, so that the sample illumination alternates between reference and sample wavelengths. Two photo-multipliers PMR, PMT detect reflected and transmitted light, and their outputs pass via log amp 5 to switches SWS, SWR synchronized with the chopper. These switches separate the signals due to sample and reference wavelengths; the latter is used to control the photo-multiplier sensitivity via units 6 and 7 (only one photo-multiplier is in use during measurement, as determined by switch SWP), while the sample signal passes to a baseline connection circuit 40 similar to Fig. 3. This circuit is synchronized with an X-Y table which moves the sample to produce a zig-zag or linear scan. The corrected signal is linearized at 8 to allow for the effects of light scatter, and is recorded and/or integrated and printed; a switch SW1 controlled by the scanning table ensures that the linearized signal is only recorded &c. when the desired spot in the sample is being scanned. Details of the table and the associated table position sensor which operates the baseline circuit and SW1 are given, Figs. 6, 7 (not shown). The table position sensor signal may be differentiated and shaped for operating an FET switch in place of SW2 of Fig. 3, Figs. 8, 9 (not shown).
Patent GB-620430-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to hydraulic piston pumps
IPC: F04B49/00
Filed: 1946-11-25
Abstract: 620,430. Reciprocating pumps. GRONAU, H. Nov. 25, 1946, No. 34852. [Class 102(i)] A reciprocating pump comprises a series of cylinders in each of which operate a pair of pistons 4 provided with suction valves 11 separated by a spring 9 and reciprocated by eccentrics 8 on shafts 5, 6. The shaft 5 is driven through a flexible coupling and drives the shaft 6 through sprockets 16, 17 and chain 18. The side of the chain in tension is engaged by a sprocket 19 carried by an arm 20 connected by a pin 26 to a rod 24 loaded by a spring 27 adjusted by a knob 28. Variations in delivery pressure of the pump result in variations in the tension of the chain which causes adjustment of the sprocket 19 and consequent variation in the phase relationship between the shafts 5 and 6 and consequent adjustment of the volume delivery. A lightly loaded sprocket 21 is provided on the slack side of the chain. Alternatively the drive may be transmitted between the shafts by an epicyclic gear and the casing may be connected to the rod 24 to allow phase displacement between the shafts.
Patent GB-1314895-A (GB)
Title: Continuous freezing apparatus
IPC: F25D13/06
Filed: 1970-07-20
Abstract: 1314895 Refrigerating PENNWALT CORP 20 July 1970 [15 Aug 1969] 35077/70 Heading F4H A continuous freezing apparatus for products in a liquid state comprises an endless freezing belt A, Fig. 1, having a cooling platen B supported beneath the undersurface of the upper run, which platen is supplied with a primary refrigerant of low viscosity through bores 26, Fig. 4, by a pump 38 in a closed circuit C which includes a heat exchanger 40, and a secondary refrigerant of higher viscosity is circulated through the platen by conduits 28 in alternating and heat exchange disposition with the bores 28 Laterally spaced ridges 24 extend upwardly from the surface of the platen and spaced transverse slots 30 are cut through the ridges which communicate via apertures 32 with the conduits 28 to allow the secondary refrigerant to percolate into contact with the belt and return for recirculation in an open circuit D by collection in a trough under and about the belt and fed by gravity through a drain 46 to a pump 42.
Patent GB-650712-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to electric discharge devices
IPC: H01J9/04
Filed: 1946-11-27
Abstract: 650,712. Thermionic valves. BRITISH THOMSON-HOUSTON CO., Ltd. Nov. 27, 1946, No. 35226. Convention date, Feb. 12, 1943. [Class 39 (i)] In an electric discharge device, the thermionic cathode consists of a plurality of filaments, each of which has been individually carbonized prior to welding them to an electrode mounting structure. The filaments are heated to a temperature of 2500‹ to 2700‹ C., and exposed to an atmosphere comprising a mixture of benzene and hydrogen for 20 to 60 seconds. After cooling filaments having substantially equal resistances are mounted to form the cathode. Hairpin annularly spaced filaments 12 are connected in pairs by elements 30 between two spaced plates 19, 20. The elements 30 are connected. to a third plate 29. The arrangement is such that the pairs of series connected filaments are energized in parallel. The plate 29 serves to equalize the potentials of the junctures between the pairs of series connected filaments. The looped ends of the filaments are held by hooks 39 supported on an anchor plate 40. A central spacing rod 41 acted upon by a spring 42 mounted on the plate 20, positions the anchor plate 40. In another embodiment a pair of oppositely wound helical filaments are bound at one end to a centre lead, and at their other end to separate leads by refractory wire. Specification 184,446, [Class 39 (i)], is referred to.
Patent GB-906827-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in nuclear reactors
Inventor: LEMESLE GEORGES
IPC: G21C5/08
Filed: 1958-11-03
Abstract: 906,827. Moderator structures. COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE. Nov. 3, 1958 [Nov. 8, 1957], No. 35252/58. Class 39 (4). The cylindrical graphite moderator and reflector structure of a nuclear reactor is supported by an enclosing framework mounted within the pressure vessel. The framework 4, 5, 6 of nickel steel, exerts an inward, horizontal thrust on the graphite, through the spring-urged spherical bearings 15 and is mounted in slidable mountings 8, 9 to permit radial distortion but not lateral displacement of the moderator as a whole. Specification 893,293 is referred to.
Patent GB-480908-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in shearing or cutting tools
IPC: B23D29/02
Filed: 1936-12-23
Abstract: 480,908. Shearing-devices. FABRIKSAKTIEBOLAGET HALDATAXAMETERN. Dec. 23, 1936, No. 35258. Convention date, Feb. 12. [Class 31 (i)] [Also in Groups XXII and XIV] In a machine for shearing sheets flattened wedge-shaped blades 1, 2 are pivoted on a bolt 3, and shear in a plane P. The blades may be of curved form and fitted at the free ends with operating handles. One blade may be secured to a vise or carriage and the other may be mechanically operated. The bolt 3 is secured by nuts 13 engaging eccentric recesses in the blades. When the nuts are tightened the bolt is flexed and applies spring pressure to the blades.
Patent GB-813937-A (GB)
Title: Production of alumina sol
Inventor: ASHLEY KENNETH DAVID
IPC: C01F7/428
Filed: 1956-11-19
Abstract: In the preparation of alumina sols by treating aluminium mercury amalgam with water containing a peptizing acid, an excess of aluminium metal is maintained throughout the reaction, preferably 25 to 100 per cent excess, whereby the mercury released in the reaction with water, is re-amalgamated with aluminium, and the resulting alumina sol is free from mercury.  Acetic or formic acid is used as the peptizing acid.  For example, 480 lb. of aluminium pellets are added to water heated to 135 DEG  F. containing acetic acid, in three lots of 300, 100 and 80 lb.  A total of 24 lb. of mercuric oxide are also added at the corresponding stages, and the temperature increased to 175 DEG  F.  The reaction is stopped when an alumina concentration of 7 per cent is attained, and the unreacted aluminium amalgam separated from the sol, and used in a further preparation of alumina sol. Specifications 552,053 and 736,632 are referred to.
Patent GB-864400-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to agitators for slurries and suspensions
IPC: B01F15/00
Filed: 1959-10-19
Abstract: 864,400. Slurry agitators. MASKIN AKTIEBOLAGET PLAVIA. Oct. 19, 1959 [Oct. 21, 1958], No. 35353/59. Class 86 A propeller-type agitator for slurries and suspensions comprises a float 3 having inclined blades 4 and secured between plates 2 which are slidable on but rotate with the shaft 1, which is driven as by a motor 11 through gears 10 and a flexible coupling 9. When rotated the agitator descends to the bottom of the tank by action of the blades 4 on the liquid; when stopped it rises under the influence of the float 3 so that the blades do not become embedded in sediment. The float 3 has apertures 15 through which sand or liquid ballast may be introduced. The vanes 4 have a rearwardly inclined edge 5 by means of which they may ride on top of a layer of sediment instead of cutting down into it.
Patent GB-633354-A (GB)
Title: Process for the production of dibasic carboxylic acids
IPC: C07C51/31
Filed: 1946-11-29
Abstract: Dicarboxylic acids are obtained by partially oxidizing a cycloparaffin, the oxidation involving the reaction of 0.5 to 2.0 moles of oxygen per mole of cycloparaffin oxidized, separating the unreacted cycloparaffin only from the reaction mixture, and further oxidizing the residue with nitric acid without separating its ingredients.  Cyclohexane is thus oxidized to adipic acid, or cyclopentane and cyclobutane to glutaric and succinic acids.  The nitric acid oxidation may be in presence of copper, vanadium, or manganese salts, and may be in two stages, viz. at 40-90 DEG  C., and at a higher temperature, e.g. 90-120 DEG  C.; the first stage may be carried out by circulating the mixture in an endless duct, jacketed for maintaining the desired temperature, the mixture flowing thence through a preheater to a second jacketed duct maintained at the desired higher temperature.  One-stage nitric acid oxidation, at 50-150 DEG  C., may also be used.  Examples describe (1) the liquid phase oxidation of cyclohexane using a cobalt naphthenate catalyst to give a mixture comprising, after removal of unconverted cyclohexane, cyclohexanone, cyclohexanol, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexyl ether, cyclohexyl esters, cyclohexandiol-1.2, adipic esters, d -formyl valeric acid, e -hydroxycaproic acid and its esters, which mixture is oxidized with nitric acid in two stages to give adipic acid; (2) the vapour phase oxidation of cyclohexane using a silver oxide catalyst, followed by treatment as in (1); (3) further nitric acid oxidations of the mixture obtained under (1) with details of working - up the products.  Comparative examples are given describing a process in which the constituents of the reaction mixture from the first oxidation stage are separated before the nitric acid oxidation, and showing the improvement in yield when cyclohexyl valerate and cyclohexanol are oxidized in admixture to adipic acid, as compared with separate oxidation.  Specification 572,260 is referred to.