Patent GB-903984-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to time division pulse communication systems
IPC: H04J3/10
Filed: 1961-05-15
Abstract: 903,984. Multiplex pulse - signalling. WESTERN ELECTRIC CO. Inc. May 15, 1961 [May 20, 1960], No. 17568/61. Class 40 (5). A time division multiplex communication system comprises a plurality of switching centres each centre being linked by two-way communication channels with at least two other centres, timing means at each centre including means for deriving from each incoming channel a timing wave individual to that channel, means for developing an average reference wave from the timing waves, and means for using the reference wave in the control of the timing operations at the centre and the co-ordination of the phases of incoming information bearing waves with the timing operations. Fig. 2 shows three telephone switching centres A, B, C, each connected by two-way communication links carrying pulse code signals, e.g. in binary form, to the other two. Considerating centre A, coded information from B passes via link B to A to a variable delay device 4, and coded information from C is passed via link C to A to a variable delay device 5. Band-pass filters 6 and 7 pass waves centred about the basic pulse repetition rate of the system and thus select timing waves relating to B and C respectively which are supplied to an averaging device 8, Fig. 3. The outputs of the filters 6, 7 are supplied to a modulator 11 and the sum of the two frequencies is selected by a filter 12 and divided by two at 13 to provide a frequency which is the average of the two inputs and having a phase which serves as a reference phase. A local oscillator 20, Fig. 2, generates clock pulses and its output is supplied to a phase comparator 22 which also receives the output of the frequency averager 8, the output of the comparator controlling the frequency of the oscillator 20 in known manner. The output of the oscillator controls a conventional distributer 25. To ensure that the information-bearing signals are in the correct phase relation with the locallygenerated wave, the output of the oscillator 20 is applied to comparator 26 which also receives the output of the delay device 4, the output of the comparator adjusting the delay device 4 to obtain the desired phase relation. A comparator 27 controls the delay device 5 in the same way. If a timing wave should fail at a centre communication is maintained but that wave is excluded from the average at other centres and no longer controls its own centre. Thus, if the signal from centre B falls below a predetermined level the output of a detector 30, Fig. 3, fails, and similarly if the signal from C falls below a predetermined level the output of detector 31 fails. The outputs of detectors 30, 31 are applied to a gate control 32 having three outputs ga, gb, gc and if both signals are present an output on lead ga opens gate Ga to allow the reference signal to pass to terminal 9. If the output of detector 30 fails an output appears only on lead gc and the gate Gc is opened to pass the timing wave from the filter 7, and if the output of detector 31 fails a signal appears only on lead gb and the timing signal from filter 6 is passed via gate Gb. Failure of the oscillator 20 at A causes a relay 39 normally energized by the oscillator output to release and switch the output of the averager 8 direct to the distributer 25 and phase comparators 26, 27. If more than two input signals are required to be averaged a plurality of averaging circuits of the type shown in Fig. 3 may be arranged in a tree circuit. Failure of all the input timing waves resulting in a zero output on leads ga, gb, gc may be arranged to disconnect the comparator 22 so that the oscillator 20 runs free and service to the local subscribers is maintained. In an alternative arrangement, Fig. 8 (not shown), instead of averaging the frequencies of the incoming timing waves, an average is taken of steady voltages or currents proportional to the phase discrepancies between the incoming timing waves and the output of the local oscillator 20, and the resulting signal used to control the frequency of the oscillator 20.