Patent GB-1028771-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the separation of mixtures
IPC: C02F1/28
Filed: 1962-11-19
Abstract: Reduced cellulose crystallite aggregates, in which the potential aldehyde group in the 1 position of the end anhydroglucose unit of the crystallite chain is reduced to a hydroxyl group, and any other reducible groups on the chains are also reduced, made by treating cellulose crystallite aggregates with a reducing agent, are used in the chromatographic or electrophoretic separation of amino acids. The porosity of the product may be increased by admixture with small glass beads, or by at least partial reaction with a cross-linking agent, e.g. formaldehyde, to give a network polymer.  Granules of ion-exchange resins, chosen to assist in the separation process, may be incorporated in the product.  In an example, a solution of commercial grade aspartic acid in ethanol is separated, using a mixture of n-butanol, isopropanol, and 0.1N hydrochloric acid as eluting solvent.  Impure glutamic acid may be separated similarly. In a further example, commercial tryptophan is separated, a mixture of n-butanol, water, and acetic acid being used as eluting solvent. Commercial tyrosine may be separated similarly.ALSO:Reduced cellulose crystallite aggregates, in which the potential aldehyde group in the 1 position of the end anhydroglucose unit of the crystallite chain is reduced to a hydroxyl group, and any other reducible groups on the chain are also reduced, are made by treating cellulose crystallite aggregates with a reducing agent.  Cellulose crystallite aggregates are the crystalline acid-insoluble portion of the products obtained by controlled acid hydrolysis of cellulose according to Specifications 874,945 and 970,111.  The method of manufacture is described in Divisional Specification 1,028,772. The product is generally useful as a chromatographic or electrophoretic adsorbent. For this purpose its porosity may be increased by admixture with small glass beads, or by at least partial reaction with a cross-linking agent, e.g. formaldehyde, to give a network polymer. Granules of ion-exchange resins, chosen to assist in the separation process, may be incorporated in the bed. The reduced cellulose crystallite aggregates are especially useful in the chromatographic analysis of peptides and protein mixtures, e.g. enzymes, muscle extracts, nucleic acids and their degradation products, and the purification and recovery of enzyme - containing materials from animal spleen, heart, kidney and liver preparations. In an example, acid-hydrolysed casein is separated using a mixture of n-butanol, isopropanol, and O.IN aqueous hydrochloric acid as eluting solvent. In a further example, enzyme-hydrolysed casein is separated, using a mixture of n-butanol, water and acetic acid as eluting solvent.ALSO:A chromatographic adsorbent comprises reduced cellulose crystallite aggregates, in which the potential aldehyde group in the 1 position of the end anhydroglucose unit of the crystallite chain is reduced to a hydroxyl group, and any other reducible groups on the chains are also reduced, made by treating cellulose crystallite aggregates with a reducing agent.  The porosity of the product may be increased by admixture with small glass beads, or by at least partial reaction with a cross-linking agent, e.g. formaldehyde, to give a network polymer.  Granules of ion-exchange resins, chosen to assist in the separation process, may be incorporated in the bed.  The reduced cellulose crystallite aggregates are especially useful in the chromatographic analysis of peptide and protein mixtures, e.g. enzymes, muscle extracts, nucleic acids and their degradation products, and the purification and recovery of enzyme-containing materials from animal spleen, heart, kidney and liver preparations. The separation of protein hydrolysates and amino acids is exemplified.  Other feed mixtures which may be separated include racemates, lipids, antihistaminic and other drugs, vitamins, straight- and branched-chain compounds, rare earths, and citrus wastes, mixtures of carbohydrates e.g. cellobiose, dextrose and xylose, and metals from photographic wastes and metal-treatment baths.  Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids e.g. linoleic, linolenic, oleic, ricinoleic, stearic and palmitic acids, antibiotics, chemical intermediates, tannins, nitrites, hexophosphates, complex alcohols, hormones, toxins, growth regulators, higher fatty alcohols, dyes and alkaloids may be purified.  Plant pigments e.g. carotene and lycopene may be separated from vegetable juices.  In general, the beds are useful for separating polar and non-polar components of mixtures.