baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent WO-2010147292-A1 (WO)
Title: Audio amp with spurious wave noise reduction circuit
Inventor: KIM IL HWAN
IPC: H03F3/217
Filed: 2010-03-22
Abstract: An audio amp with a spurious wave noise reduction circuit according to the present invention comprises: an input unit receiving an audio signal for each channel; a modulation unit converting the audio signal into a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal; an amplification unit amplifying the PWM signal; an output unit extracting an audio signal from the amplified PWM signal to output; a power supply applying power to the input unit, the modulation unit, the amplification unit, and the output unit; and a pulse generation unit generating a first reference signal that is a pulse signal applied to the amplification unit and a second reference signal that is a pulse signal applied to the power supply. In the amp of the present invention, the first reference signal is applied to the modulation unit to synchronize the PWM signal with respect to the audio signal for each channel, and the second reference signal is applied to the power supply to synchronize the pulse signal generated in the power supply with the PWM signal, thereby significantly reducing spurious wave noise due to frequency interference occurring in the audio amp, through simple filtering.
Patent WO-2010147294-A1 (WO)
Inventor: JUNG BUP-SUNG
IPC: G02F1/13357
Filed: 2010-03-31
Abstract: La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'affichage. Le dispositif d'affichage comprend une unité de rétroéclairage (BLU) subdivisée en une pluralité de blocs et commandée pour chaque bloc, l'unité BLU comprenant une pluralité d'ensembles optiques ; un panneau d'affichage disposé au-dessus de l'unité de rétroéclairage ; une unité de commande produisant une valeur locale d'atténuation pour chaque bloc, correspondant à la luminosité de chacun des blocs de l'unité de rétroéclairage, en fonction d'une image affichée sur le panneau d'affichage ; et une unité de commande de BLU qui commande la luminosité de chacun des blocs de l'unité de rétroéclairage à l'aide de la valeur locale d'atténuation pour chaque bloc. Chacun des ensembles optiques comprend : un substrat ; une pluralité de sources lumineuses disposées sur le substrat pour émettre de la lumière ; et une partie d'incidence de la lumière ayant une surface d'incidence de la lumière sur laquelle la lumière émise par les sources lumineuses arrive latéralement ; et une plaque guide d'ondes comprenant une partie d'émission lumineuse qui émet vers le haut la lumière incidente. Deux ensembles optiques adjacents l'un à l'autre, sur la pluralité d'ensembles optiques, se superposent partiellement. L'unité de commande de BLU reçoit la valeur locale d'atténuation pour chaque bloc afin de produire une pluralité de signaux de commande. La pluralité de blocs de l'unité de rétroéclairage est subdivisée en une pluralité de groupes de balayage, qui sont donc commandés par l'unité de groupe subdivisée.
Patent WO-2012057399-A1 (WO)
Title: 양방향 도전성 시트 및 그 제조 방법, 양방향 도전성 다층 시트, 반도체 테스트 소켓
Inventor: MOON HAE JOONG
IPC: H01R11/01
Filed: 2010-11-30
Abstract: 본 발명은 양방향 도전성 시트 및 그 제조 방법, 양방향 도전성 다층 시트, 반도체 테스트 소켓에 관한 것이다. 본 발명에 따른 양방향 도전성 시트는 3차원의 망상 구조를 갖는 베이스 구조부와; 상기 베이스 구조부의 상기 3차원 망상 구조의 표면을 도포하는 도전성 금속부와; 전기적인 절연 재질로 마련되어 상기 3차원의 망상 구조의 빈 공간을 채우는 절연성 탄성부를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 한다. 이에 따라, 반도체 소자의 제조 과정 중 양불 테스트에 사용되는 반도체 테스트 소켓의 제조 비용을 현저히 감소시킬 수 있다.
Patent WO-2011149169-A1 (WO)
Title: Method for manufacturing a colored granite stone board and a colored composition thereof
Inventor: SEO KI-WON
IPC: C04B41/45
Filed: 2010-12-09
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a colored granite stone board and a colored composition thereof, in which when a granite stone board used for an interior or exterior material of a building, or a furniture table, or an upper board of the sink and the like is tinted and manufactured in a predetermined color, the board is tinted with unique colors of each metal oxides inside a granite stone by using metallic salt without employing the existing chemical organics and harmful dyes, such that the board is environmentally friendly without any discoloration. The invention comprises the steps of: a pigment production step of producing a pigment (composition) for tinting a granite stone board with a predetermined color; a first cutting step of cutting the granite stone board to a certain size in order to color and process the board; a pre-drying step of drying the board by hot air in order to remove moisture which exists inside the granite stone board cut through said first cutting step; a dipping step of dipping, for a certain time, the granite stone board dried through said pre-drying step dipped in the pigment produced by said pigment production step, such that the pigment permeates up to the inside of the granite stone board to color the board; a drying step of drying, for a certain time, the board by hot air at a variable temperature in order to oxidize the pigment colored on the granite stone board, when said dipping step is finished; a cleaning and polishing step of removing the remnants of the oxidized pigment attached to the surface of the granite stone board, and at the same time, surface-polishing one aspect of the granite stone board, when said drying step is finished; and a second cutting step of cutting the granite stone board to a predetermined size according to a product, when said cleaning and surface-polishing step is finished.
Patent WO-2012053709-A1 (WO)
Title: Steering wheel including heating element
Inventor: CHO MAN HO
IPC: B62D1/06
Filed: 2011-04-20
Abstract: Provided is a steering wheel having a heating element, wherein a surface of the heating element can be finished by directly transferring thereon a transfer film on which an esthetic decoration pattern is printed. The heating element is an electrical conductive paste coated on a surface of a rim, and includes a plurality of heating lines that are electrically separated from each other, and a connection unit that electrically short-circuits the heating lines at both ends thereof, and power is supplied to the heating element through the connection unit.
Patent WO-2012091230-A1 (WO)
Title: 내마모성이 우수한 저경도 고강도 열가소성 고무 및 이를 포함하는 다이아프램
Inventor: YOUN BUM-SEOK
IPC: C08L23/00
Filed: 2011-05-25
Abstract: (A) 수첨 삼원 블록 공중합체; (B) 비방향족 오일; (C) 폴리올레핀 수지; (D) 무기 필러; (E) 폴리페닐렌에테르계 수지 및 (F) 실리콘 수지를 포함하는 열가소성 고무 및 이를 이용한 성형품이 제공된다. 상기 열가소성 고무는 저경도 및 고강도 특성을 동시에 보유하고 우수한 내마모성과 항균성을 갖는다.
Patent WO-2013058414-A1 (WO)
Title: Multicasting method and system
Inventor: KIM DUK KYUNG
IPC: H04W4/06
Filed: 2011-10-17
Abstract: Technologies are generally described for providing multicasting services. In some examples, a method performed under control of a first user equipment may include receiving a first level of signal and a second level of signal from a base station during a first time slot and transmitting the second level of signal to a second user equipment during a second time slot.
Patent WO-2012091389-A1 (WO)
Title: Compressor
Inventor: SHIN JINUNG
IPC: F04C29/02
Filed: 2011-12-26
Abstract: A compressor is provided that includes an accumulator formed in an internal space of a shell to reduce a size of the compressor. An accumulator space may be formed using the shell of the compressor, thereby simplifying an assembly process. A stationary shaft having a refrigerant suction passage may be directly connected to the accumulator to prevent leakage of refrigerant. Further, a discharge passage may be formed at or in a rotating body to enhance a cooling effect of a drive motor, and an oil separating member may be installed at or in the discharge passage to prevent oil from being excessively leaked out. A center of gravity of the accumulator may correspond to a center of gravity of the compressor to reduce vibration noise of the compressor caused by the accumulator. An area required for installing a compressor including the accumulator may be minimized to enhance design flexibility of an outdoor device.
Patent WO-2013081262-A1 (WO)
Inventor: CHO NAK KYUN
IPC: B66C23/18
Filed: 2012-05-29
Abstract: Disclosed is a wind power generator. The wind power generator according to the present invention includes: a crane part provided on a main frame, which is disposed within a nacelle to support a weight including a gear box or a generator, to transfer the weight inside or outside the nacelle when replacing the weight; and a tower collision prevention part spacing an elevation member supporting the weight from a tower supporting the nacelle to prevent the weight from colliding with the tower.
Patent WO-2013012220-A1 (WO)
Title: Method for reducing interference under multi-carrier configuration
Inventor: WANG HONG
IPC: H04W92/20
Filed: 2012-07-13
Abstract: A number of methods reduce inter-cell interference under multi-carrier configuration. One of the methods includes a first NodeB transmitting, to a second NodeB, Primary Component Carrier (PCC) information or Primary cell (PCell) information configured by the first NodeB for a UE served by the first NodeB. The method also includes the second NodeB responding to the first NodeB. As such, when configuring CA for a UE served by the second NodeB, the second NodeB is able to configure the PCC information or PCell information for the UE served by the second NodeB according to the PCC information or PCell information indicated by the first NodeB.
Patent WO-2013176339-A1 (WO)
Title: Sludge-dewatering set, and sludge-dewatering device having a plurality of layers
Inventor: KANG SEOK-WOONG
IPC: B01D25/12
Filed: 2012-08-22
Abstract: The present invention relates to a sludge-dewatering set constituted in such a way that a sludge-filtration belt is positioned below an open-bottomed sludge chamber, sludge is poured into the chamber, and a pressurising tube or membrane is provided over the poured-in sludge, and dewatering is performed by applying pressure to the sludge such that water is filtered and discharged through the filtration belt, or else dewatering of the water contained in the sludge to underneath the filtration belt is performed by providing, below the filtration belt, a structure having many holes therein in the form of a matrix or a reticulated net in the form of a steel mesh such that the filtration belt is supported so as not to bend under pressure while the water resulting from the dewatering moves downwards, and, after the sludge has been poured in via a sludge-pouring unit, pouring a liquid or air onto the membrane positioned over the sludge so as to apply pressure to the sludge. The present invention also relates to a sludge-dewatering device wherein the sludge-dewatering sets have been assembled into a plurality of layers.
Patent WO-2013036068-A1 (WO)
Title: Ｍ2ｍ 서비스 제공 방법, ｍ2ｍ 통신을 위한 방법 및 장치
Inventor: LEE EUN JONG
IPC: H04W4/70
Filed: 2012-09-07
Abstract: M2M(Machine To Machine) 통신을 위한 방법이 제공된다. M2M 기기는 M2M 그룹 식별자(M2M group identification: MGID) 및 M2M 영역 식별자(M2M zone identification)를 획득한다. M2M 기기는 상기 M2M 기기가 상기 M2M 그룹 영역을 벗어나는지를 확인한다. M2M 기기가 상기 M2M 그룹 영역을 벗어나는 경우, M2M 기기는 기지국에 상기 M2M 그룹 식별자의 갱신을 요청하는 갱신 요청 메시지를 전송한다. M2M 기기는 상기 기지국으로부터 상기 갱신 요청 메시지에 대한 응답으로 응답 메시지를 수신한다.
Patent WO-2014088141-A1 (WO)
Title: Triangular multi-insulation vinyl greenhouse
Inventor: RYU BYUNG-SUE
IPC: A01G9/16
Filed: 2012-12-10
Abstract: The present invention relates to a vinyl greenhouse, and the purpose thereof is to provide a triangular multi-insulation vinyl greenhouse which can be simply constructed by using multiple layers of vinyl so as to easily improve an insulation performance. The triangular multi-insulation vinyl greenhouse, for the purpose, comprises: a frame assembly formed by combining a plurality of frame units to each other, each of which has one or more vinyl unit provision parts having a triangular structure so as to form a frame of the vinyl greenhouse; a vinyl frame comprising a vinyl unit fitted in the vinyl unit provision part formed in the frame unit to form a vinyl sheet, and the vinyl unit is formed by the triangular structure to correspond to the vinyl unit provision part; vinyl provided to have a structure for enclosing the vinyl frame so as to form a vinyl sheet at a front surface and a back surface of the vinyl frame; and a plurality of first fixing parts insertively combined to each side of the vinyl frame so as to fix the vinyl to the vinyl frame.
Patent WO-2013095050-A1 (WO)
Inventor: IM SUNG DO
IPC: B60L7/10
Filed: 2012-12-21
Abstract: L'invention porte sur un véhicule utilitaire du type à propulsion électrique qui possède une fonction de commande de distribution de force de freinage à récupération et sur un procédé de commande de distribution de force de freinage à récupération pour ce véhicule. Le véhicule utilitaire selon un aspect de la présente invention, qui est le véhicule utilitaire qui se meut par la commande d'un moteur en utilisant une énergie électrique comme source d'énergie, comprend : une unité de commande servant à commander une sortie et une récupération du moteur ; un moyen de détection de récupération destiné à détecter un état de freinage à récupération lorsque le moteur est entraîné ; une unité de mesure de puissance destinée à mesurer la quantité d'énergie de récupération générée dans l'état de freinage à récupération ; et une unité de commutation d'énergie servant à commuter automatiquement un mode de propulsion, d'un mode de propulsion à deux roues à un mode de propulsion à quatre roues, ou du mode de propulsion à quatre roues au mode de propulsion à deux roues, en fonction de l'état de charge. La présente invention peut commuter le mode actuel sur le mode de propulsion à quatre roues en commandant l'unité de commutation d'énergie en fonction de la commande de l'unité de commande lors de la détection du freinage à récupération exécuté par le moyen de détection de récupération dans l'état d'entraînement.
Patent WO-2013103233-A1 (WO)
Title: 메모리 조작 방지 방법 및 클라이언트 단말
Inventor: CHOI MYOUNGKYU
IPC: G06F12/14
Filed: 2013-01-02
Abstract: 본 발명은 메모리를 조작하여 부정한 이득을 얻으려는 해킹을 방지하기 위해 조작된 함수를 찾는 메모리 조작 방지 방법 및 컴퓨터 판독 가능 기록 매체에 관한 것이다.
Patent WO-2013187575-A1 (WO)
Title: Composition comprising hypothemycin as active ingredient for preventing and treating macrophage activation syndrome, hepatocirrhosis, or obesity
Inventor: KANG JONG SOON
IPC: A61P3/04
Filed: 2013-02-21
Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition or health food comprising hypothemycin as an active ingredient for preventing and treating macrophage activation syndrome, hepatocirrhosis, or obesity. More particularly, since hypothemycin according to the present invention inhibits the production of TNF-α and the expression of TNF-α mRNA caused by activated macrophages, hypothemycin can be effectively used as an active ingredient for a pharmaceutical composition or health food for preventing and treating macrophage activation syndrome, hepatocirrhosis, or obesity, which are diseases induced by activated macrophages.
Patent WO-2013168900-A1 (WO)
Title: Method for processing pdsch data
Inventor: FU JINGXING
IPC: H04B7/26
Filed: 2013-04-10
Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for processing Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) data, to be applied in a system, which supports to adjust uplink and downlink (UL-DL) configurations for Time Division Multiplexing (TDD) dynamically. The method includes: receiving, by a User Equipment (UE), a System Information Block 1 (SIB1); obtaining, by the UE, from the SIB1 a TDD UL-DL configuration employed by the UE in current system, in which the UE doesn't support dynamic service adaption; determining, by the UE, subframe type of subframe 6, wherein the subframe type of subframe 6 is a special subframe or a normal downlink subframe; and determining, by the UE, number of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols used for PDSCH transmission within subframe 6, based on the subframe type of subframe 6, and processing the PDSCH data of subframe 6. By adopting the technical solution provided by embodiments of the present invention, in a system which supports to dynamically adjust the TDD UL-DL configurations, a UE may be enabled to explicitly learn number of OFDM symbols used for the PDSCH transmission within subframe 6. Meanwhile, the UE and an evolved Node B (eNB) may be enabled not to confuse the number of OFDM symbols used for the PDSCH transmission.
Patent WO-2013162334-A1 (WO)
Title: 아연-실버-인듐-설파이드의 조성을 갖는 발광특성이 향상된 발광나노입자와 조합화학을 이용한 이의 제조방법
Inventor: PARK JOUNG GUY
IPC: C09K11/58
Filed: 2013-04-26
Abstract: 본 발명은 아연-실버-인듐-설파이드의 조성을 갖는 발광특성이 향상된 발광나노입자 및 조합화학을 이용한 이의 제조방법에 관한 것이다. 이를 위하여, 본 발명은 아연-실버-인듐-설파이드((Zn x Ag y In z )S 2 )(0≤x≤1, 0≤y≤1, 0.1≤z≤1, x+y+z=1)의 조성을 갖는 발광특성이 향상된 발광나노입자를 제공한다. 또한, 본 발명은 아연-실버-인듐의 조성에 대한 라이브러리를 구성하는 단계(단계 1); 용매를 포함하는 서로 다른 반응기 각각에 상기 단계 1에서 구성한 라이브러리에 따른 아연 전구체, 실버 전구체 및 인듐 전구체와 가황제를 도입하여 금속 전구체 용액을 제조하는 단계(단계 2); 상기 단계 2에서 제조된 각 반응기 내의 금속 전구체 용액에 초음파를 조사하는 단계(단계 3); 상기 단계 3에서 초음파조사 후 알콜계 용매, 탄화수소계 용매 또는 이들의 혼합용매를 첨가하여 아연-실버-인듐-설파이드 입자를 침전시키는 단계(단계 4); 상기 단계 4에서 상기 입자들이 침전된 후 상층액을 제거하는 단계(단계 5); 및 상기 단계 5에서 상층액이 제거된 아연-실버-인듐-설파이드 나노입자의 발광특성을 확인하는 단계(단계 6);를 포함하는 상기 발광 나노입자의 제조방법을 제공한다. 본 발명에 따르면 다양한 조성을 가진 발광 나노입자를 빠르게 제조할 수 있고, 발광특성을 검사하여 원하는 조성으로 최적화된 발광 나노입자를 찾아낼 수 있다.
Patent WO-2013191433-A1 (WO)
Title: Method and device for transmitting ul data in tdd system in support of duplex direction of flexibly changed subframe
Inventor: LI YINGYANG
IPC: H04J3/02
Filed: 2013-06-18
Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for transmitting Uplink (UL) data in a Time Division Duplexing (TDD) system, which supports a duplex direction of a flexibly changed subframe. When detecting UL scheduling information within a Downlink (DL) subframe, the above UL scheduling information may be respectively processed, based on whether a subframe located by a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) transmission which may be triggered by the UL scheduling information is a flexible subframe; under the circumstances that the subframe located by the triggered PUSCH transmission is the flexible subframe, a User Equipment (UE) transmits the UL data within the flexible subframe, when the UE has detected a control signaling with a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum added, and the CRC checksum is passed. An embodiment of the present invention also provides a device for transmitting UL data.
Patent WO-2014007494-A1 (WO)
Title: Method and apparatus for switching connection in wireless communication system
Inventor: CHO HEE JEONG
IPC: H04W4/70
Filed: 2013-07-01
Abstract: A method and apparatus for switching connection in a wireless communication system is provided. A device receives a base station-to-device (B2D) switch request message or an unsolicited B2D switch response message from a base station. The B2D switch request message or the unsolicited B2D switch response message include information on at least one of a target device, a switch unit, target D2D connection/link identifier(s), an enhanced packet system (EPS) bearer identity, a data radio bearer (DRB) identity, a radio link control (RLC) configuration, a logical channel identity, and when to switch from a device-to-device (D2D) connection to a B2D connection.
Patent WO-2014065490-A1 (WO)
Title: System and method for providing content according to driving state of vehicle
Inventor: HAN JUNG HYUN
IPC: H04W4/44
Filed: 2013-07-29
Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and method for providing content according to the driving state of a vehicle, comprising: a content providing device for providing a service of streaming content which has been encoded to have different sizes; a vehicle speed sensing device for collecting vehicle speed information from one or more sensors for detecting the speed of the vehicle; a traffic information providing device for providing traffic information including the driving speeds of vehicles on a road and accident information; and a terminal device for predicting the driving speed of the vehicle according to the vehicle speed information received from the vehicle speed sensing device and the traffic information received from the traffic information providing device and, according to the predicted driving speed, sending a request for content of a predetermined size to the content providing device and displaying the content in a streaming manner.
Patent WO-2014148702-A1 (WO)
Title: Dispensing adaptor for one-component polyurethane foam
Inventor: LEE DONG-HOON
IPC: B65D83/28
Filed: 2013-08-16
Abstract: The present invention relates to a dispensing adaptor for one-component polyurethane foam. The dispensing adaptor is coupled to a valve stem of a polyurethane-foam pressurised container. The dispensing adapter comprises: a tubular main adaptor body which is coupled to the valve stem and leads the polyurethane foam outside the pressurised container; a stem coupling part formed on one end of the main adaptor body and communicably coupled to the valve stem; a discharging tube part extending from the other end of the main adaptor body; a fixed lever part extending integrally from the outer wall surface of the main adaptor body; and an extended lever part which extends curvedly from the fixed lever part in the length direction of the pressurised container, and which causes the valve stem to open by tilting relative to the axial direction. Therefore, the present invention can be operated while holding the pressurised container and the extended lever part in one hand, by means of the fixed lever part extending integrally from the outer wall surface of the main adaptor body to the side relative to the axis of the pressurised container, and the extended lever part which extends curvedly from the fixed lever and curved in the length direction of the pressurised container, and hence the invention provides work efficiency and safety, and makes it possible to recycle a disposable dispensing adaptor by temporarily closing an end part of the dispelling tube when idle.
Patent WO-2015020268-A1 (WO)
Title: 식기 세척기용 세척볼 케이스
Inventor: SHIN KYUNG-SUB
IPC: A47L15/44
Filed: 2013-10-29
Abstract: 본 발명은 세제 사용 없이 세라믹 재질의 세척볼과 세척수에 의해 식기를 세척하도록 사용하는 식기 세척기용 세척볼 케이스에 관한 것으로서, 좀더 상세하게는 상판(10)과 하판(20)을 열 접합하여 케이스 몸체(100)를 구성하되, 상기 케이스 몸체 외 측방에 관통공(120)을 형성하므로 식기 세척시 세척수의 완전 배수로 세척볼을 건조 상태로 유지할 수 있어 추후 식기 세척시 세척볼의 세척 효율을 최대화하도록 하고, 또한 상기 케이스 몸체(100)의 상판과 하판을 열 접합 제조시 상판(10)과 하판(20)의 외 측방에 형성된 관통공(120)과 기준홈(130)을 이용하여 상판과 하판을 일정한 위치로 접합함과 동시에 유동 방지되게 고정시켜 접합하므로 종래와 같은 접합 불량을 방지하도록 하는데 그 특징이 있다.
Patent WO-2015080304-A1 (WO)
Title: 티탄산바륨의 제조방법 및 이로부터 제조되는 티탄산바륨
Inventor: JEONG WON SIK
IPC: C01G23/00
Filed: 2013-11-26
Abstract: 티탄산바륨의 제조방법 및 이로부터 제조된 티탄산바륨이 개시된다. 개시된 티탄산바륨의 제조방법은 티탄산바륨[BaTiO 3 ](이하, 간단히 BT라고 함)을 합성하는 단계(BT 합성단계), 상기 BT를 분쇄하는 단계(BT 분쇄단계), 및 상기 분쇄된 BT를 슬러리 상태로 여과하는 단계(BT 여과단계)를 포함한다.
Patent WO-2014112715-A1 (WO)
Title: Method for receiving wireless packet through short-range wireless communication, portable terminal, and short-range wireless communication system
Inventor: CHUNG SUNG HYUN
IPC: H04W4/80
Filed: 2013-11-29
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for receiving a wireless packet through short-range wireless communication, a portable terminal, and a short-range wireless communication system, the method being capable of reducing the power consumption of the portable terminal by using a signature which can be identified in the physical layer of short-range wireless communication. When used, the present invention has the effect of reducing power consumption caused by using a short-range wireless communication system.
Patent WO-2015080317-A1 (WO)
Inventor: CHANG SUN-YEOB
IPC: G06T5/00
Filed: 2013-11-29
Abstract: L'invention concerne un procédé et un appareil pour combiner des images ultrasonores. L'invention concerne un procédé et un appareil pour combiner des images, qui peuvent combiner des trames générées sur la base d'un signal réfléchi qui a été reçu après l'émission d'une onde ultrasonore concentrée et d'une onde ultrasonore non concentrée à destination d'un artefact, permettant ainsi d'empêcher la réduction de la fréquence de trames et d'être affecté par un artefact mobile.