baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent JP-2008144367-A (JP)
Title: Joint cover device
Inventor: GOTO HIDEO
IPC: E04B1/62
Filed: 2006-12-06
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a joint cover device having a simple structure and capable of covering a joint part with a step plate having substantially the same width as that of the joint part without causing a space in the joint part even if the step plate swings and moves in the increasing or decreasing direction by the width of the joint part, easily installable.  <P>SOLUTION: This joint cover device is composed of an eaves provided to cover the joint part where a tip part is positioned through an upper face and a clearance on a joint part side of a floor skeleton provided on a lower part external wall skeleton of a building through the joint part, a plurality of step plates provided with a stopper plate protruding downward in a tip part attached to slide and move and protrude on the floor skeleton through the clearance on a plurality of rails fixed to a bottom face of the eaves at a predetermined interval, an energizing mechanism for energizing a plurality of step plates in the direction of storage always, and an engaging piece engaging with the stopper plate even when a building main body swings and moves fore and aft to pull out the step plates in a joint part side end part of the floor skeleton.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2008146184-A (JP)
Title: Reader/writer apparatus, reader/writer control program, data access system, and data access control method
Inventor: SUGANO HIROYASU
IPC: G06F13/12
Filed: 2006-12-06
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce overhead in communication between a host apparatus and a reader/writer apparatus which is produced when reading and/or writing data from/to an RFID tag.  <P>SOLUTION: A host computer 100 creates a tag search instruction including a reading instruction or a writing instruction, and transmits the created tag search instruction to a reader/writer 200. When the reader/writer 200 receives the tag search instruction from the host computer 100, it transmits a tag search command requesting transmission of a tag ID identifying the RFID tag 300 uniquely. When receiving the tag ID transmitted from the RFID tag 300 in response to the transmitted tag search command, it transmits a reading command or a writing command of data based on the reading instruction or the writing instruction included in the tag search instruction for the RFID tag 300 identified by the tag ID.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2008143853-A (JP)
Title: Disintegrable-in-oral cavity tablet with ebastine as medicinal ingredient
Inventor: IKEUCHI YUICHIRO
IPC: A61K47/32
Filed: 2006-12-12
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a disintegrable-in-oral cavity tablet with ebastine as the main medicinal ingredient, high in the improving effect of its elution property and excellent in productivity.  <P>SOLUTION: The tablet, a preparation for oral administration, is such as to be obtained by dissolving ebastine in a solvent followed by spraying the resultant solution on a porous additive for the preparation and then drying. Alternatively, the tablet is such as to be obtained by heating a mixed compressed product comprising ebastine and a porous additive for the preparation to 84°C or higher to melt at least part of the ebastine.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2008147099-A (JP)
Title: Plasma treatment device
Inventor: SAITO NAOMICHI
IPC: C23C16/458
Filed: 2006-12-13
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a plasma treatment device capable of assuring a good treatment property at a regular discharge treatment starting point while avoiding interferences with a carrying in/out mechanism of a processed object.  <P>SOLUTION: A solid dielectric layer is not provided on a first metal surface 31a of a first stage part 31 of a plasma treatment device M. A second stage part 32 is provided on a side part of a second direction of the first stage part 31, and a solid dielectric layer 34 is provided on a metal surface of the second stage part 32. A processed object W mainly composed of a dielectric is carried in the first stage part 31 along a first direction by a carrying in/out mechanism, and covers the first metal surface 31a. An electrode 11 is formed runup discharge on the second stage part 32, then moves onto the first stage part 31, normal plasma discharge is formed.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2007174651-A (JP)
Title: Data coding method, decoding method, transmitter and receiver
Inventor: JAENECKE PETER
IPC: H04J3/00
Filed: 2006-12-15
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an improved data coding method with which spectrum efficiency can be improved.  <P>SOLUTION: The disclosed method includes the steps of: coding one or more data symbols d0, d1, ... by using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), and using Hermite polynomials Hn as an orthogonal function system for the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, whereby an OFDM-signal S(f) is obtained; transforming the OFDM-signal S(f) into the time domain thus obtaining a time domain signal s(t); performing a step of time division multiplexing (TDM) by combining the time domain signal s(t) with one or more further time domain signals s<SB>1</SB>(t), s<SB>2</SB>(t), ..., whereby a TDM-signal s'(t) is obtained.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2008153882-A (JP)
Title: Imaging and displaying system
Inventor: ISHII KATSUICHI
IPC: H04N7/18
Filed: 2006-12-15
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent the scale of the configuration of hardware from remarkably increasing even when the number of cameras is increased, in an imaging and displaying system.  <P>SOLUTION: A CMOS camera part 11 used in the imaging and displaying system (100) comprises: a CMOS image sensor 11a where a scene V1 is projected; a timing generator 11b for reading an image signal from an optional one of the imaging elements of the CMOS image sensor 11a; a camera signal processing part 11c with an image quality adjustment part for adjusting image quality and an NTSC encoder for performing encoding by a video signal format; and a memory 11d storing a mapping table which stipulates the position relation of image deformation from an original image G1 projected to the CMOS image sensor 11a to a bird's-eye view image G1' to be displayed at a monitor part 30 with the bird's-eye view image G1' as a reference. The timing generator 11b reads the image signal from the imaging element specified by the mapping table.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2008148918-A (JP)
Title: Mri system and its control method
Inventor: TAKEI NAOYUKI
IPC: A61B5/055
Filed: 2006-12-18
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To realize an MRI system and its control method of securely doing breathing-synchronized imaging concerning a subject organ.  <P>SOLUTION: The system is provided with an imaging means that does breathing-synchronized imaging at a predetermined breathing depth concerning the imaging position preset up on a scout image acquired while breathing keeps interrupted, and a control means that controls the process. The control means requests the imaging means to show the breathing depth (X1) when imaging is done with breathing keeps interrupted, and modify the imaging position in accordance with differences between the breathing depth (X2) at the breathing-synchronized imaging time and the breathing depth (X1) when imaging is done with breathing interrupted (105). The breathing depth is obtained from a one-dimensional profile reconstructed by a navigator echo. The imaging position is a place where the coronary artery exists. The breathing-synchronized imaging is done, using cardiogram synchronization together. The breathing-synchronized imaging with cardiogram synchnization used together is done through 3D scanning.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2008154106-A (JP)
Title: Concealing method, image processor and image forming apparatus
Inventor: KIKUCHI TARO
IPC: B41J21/00
Filed: 2006-12-19
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prepare confidential information individually specifying processing of concealing each of a plurality of areas with different image characteristics on an original image and to individually conceal the plurality of areas on the basis of the confidential information when the image is output.  <P>SOLUTION: This image processor is provided with: a storage means 7 for storing input image data; a confidential information extraction means 17 for detecting a plurality of dot patterns included in images represented by input image data or image data obtained by converting the input image data for image formation to generate code data represented by arrangement of the plurality of dot patterns; an area extraction means 6 for retrieving a character image area and a non-character area showing other than characters on the image on the basis of the image data representing the image and a concealing means 4 for degrading the image data of the character image area and the non-character area detected by retrieval according to the content of the code data.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2008154640-A (JP)
Title: Game machine
Inventor: NAKAJIMA KAZUTOSHI
IPC: A63F7/02
Filed: 2006-12-20
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent a special display result from being derived and displayed when determining that the combination of identification information does not become the special display result as the display result of variable display.  <P>SOLUTION: In losing-without-ready-to-win-state determination processing, a microcomputer 100 for performance control compares a determination value in a table for left symbol selection with a random number value for left symbol determination to determine a left symbol (S1002), compares a determination value in a table for right symbol selection with a random number value for right symbol determination to determine an addition value to the left symbol, and determines a right symbol from the addition value (S1005). Thereafter, a middle symbol addition value determination table not to be chance symbols corresponding to the left and right symbols is selected using a table for chance symbol inhibition (S1007), a determination value in the selected middle symbol addition value determination table for the chance symbol inhibition pattern is compared with a random number value for middle symbol determination to determine an addition value to the right symbol, and the middle symbol is determined from the addition value (S1008).  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2008158176-A (JP)
Title: Toner for nonmagnetic single-component development
Inventor: SAKAEDA AKIHIRO
IPC: G03G9/08
Filed: 2006-12-22
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a toner for nonmagnetic single-component development reducing toner splashing and fog.  <P>SOLUTION: The toner for nonmagnetic single-component development contains a binder resin, a colorant and an external additive, containing inorganic fine particles treated with at least two kinds of surface treating agents, wherein the binder resin is a polyester, prepared by condensation polymerization of an alcohol component containing an alkylene oxide adduct of bisphenol-A expressed by Formula (I) and a carboxylic acid component containing terephthalic acid, and the surface treating agents are at least a fluorine-containing coupling agent (a) and a hydrophobicizing agent (b), other than fluorine-containing silane coupling agents. In the Formula (I), RO represents an alkyleneoxy group, R represents a 2-3C alkylene group, x and y represent positive numbers that indicate average addition molar numbers of alkyleneoxy groups with the sum of x and y being 1 to 16.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2008157749-A (JP)
Title: Inspection device
Inventor: KOBAYASHI SHIGEKI
IPC: H05K3/34
Filed: 2006-12-23
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To achieve low-cost three-dimensional automatic inspection and three-dimensional measurement for cream solder printing.  <P>SOLUTION: A three-dimensional imaging geometrical-optical arrangement includes a one-dimensional color image sensor camera for imaging a board at an oblique imaging angle, a first hue light source that lights a cream solder upper surface substantially from just above, and a second hue light source that lights a cream solder side surface at an oblique angle smaller than the imaging angle. A three-dimensional image on the whole surface of the board is acquired by moving the board in a direction orthogonal to the pixel arrangement of the camera. A differential image processing is performed between a three-dimensional image on a specimen cream solder printed board and a three-dimensional image on a reference cream solder printed board. Pixels having differences exceeding a set threshold are detected as dissimilar pixels. As to the reference board image and the specimen board image in a domain where the dissimilar pixels are detected, three-dimensional measurement values of cream solder are calculated from first and second hue light reflection domains.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2008159844-A (JP)
Title: Electronic component package structure and its method for manufacturing
Inventor: KASHIWAGI TAKAFUMI
IPC: H01L23/10
Filed: 2006-12-25
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new package structure and its method for manufacturing which simultaneously satisfies both thinning and high reliability of package in an electronic component package composed by forming and sealing a hollow portion on a function element.  <P>SOLUTION: A resin layer in which a space is prepared on a function region and a metal layer are laminated, wherein the metal layer is composed by separating an identical material into a portion forming a lid to cover the space and a portion forming an external terminal, the identical structure can be easily obtained by cutting a whole surface plating to a predetermined thickness after the whole surface plating on the patterned resin layer.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2008157181-A (JP)
Title: Control device
Inventor: NAKAMURA HIDEO
IPC: F02D45/00
Filed: 2006-12-26
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve responsiveness to a throttle opening command and especially responsiveness when the amplitude of a throttle opening command value is small, in opening control for an electronically-controlled throttle valve.  <P>SOLUTION: In this standard model type control device calculating a manipulated variable I<SB>com</SB>so that an actual controlled variable θ is matched with a target controlled variable θ<SB>com</SB>with predetermined standard model response characteristics, the standard model response characteristics are set to be relatively sharpened according as the target controlled variable θ<SB>com</SB>becomes smaller. Thereby, since a current command value (manipulated variable) of an electric motor 11 for driving a throttle when the amplitude of the throttle opening command value (target controlled variable θ<SB>com</SB>) is small becomes large, responsiveness when the amplitude of the throttle opening command value is small is increased.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2008166961-A (JP)
Title: Mobile communication terminal
Inventor: ANZAI TETSUNOSHIN
IPC: H04W4/00
Filed: 2006-12-27
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a mobile communication terminal having structure capable of reducing power consumption by removing useless processing.  <P>SOLUTION: The start timing of wireless communication is detected by the counting of a low-speed clock in each plurality of communication devices 201 to 203 and wireless communication by a high speed clock is executed in each plurality of communication devices 201 to 203. The measurement of clock errors in the low-speed clock by the high-speed clock is executed in time division by the plurality of communication devices 201 to 203. Thereby, it is unnecessary to continue the generation of the high-speed clock to detect a clock error even when wireless communication such as incoming call confirmation is completed, so that power consumption can be reduced.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2008166517-A (JP)
Title: Manufacturing method of semiconductor substrate
Inventor: SENSAI KOJI
IPC: H01L21/26
Filed: 2006-12-28
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a manufacturing method of a semiconductor substrate achieving a high yield in a semiconductor device by suppressing a decrease in the oxygen concentration of a semiconductor substrate surface layer and reducing a COP in the semiconductor substrate surface layer.  <P>SOLUTION: The manufacturing method of the semiconductor substrate has: a process for slicing a semiconductor single crystal ingot; and a process for heat-treating a semiconductor wafer obtained in the slicing process at a temperature rise/fall rate of not lower than 100°C/sec and not higher than 1,000°C/sec and at a temperature range of not lower than 1,200°C and not higher than 1,400°C for not shorter than five seconds and not longer than five minutes in reducing gas, inert gas, or a mixed gas atmosphere of the reducing gas and insert gas under ordinary pressure.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2008165019-A (JP)
Title: Optical prism, manufacturing method of optical prism, cemented prism, video display apparatus, head mounted display, and video imaging apparatus
Inventor: OKUMURA YOSHIHIRO
IPC: G02B27/02
Filed: 2006-12-28
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To simultaneously assure both transferability of s sharp edge and surface precision in a deflection prism 23 by devising a position of a gate 61 and thereby to realize high molding precision.  <P>SOLUTION: The gate 61 is provided in a region facing a surface 23e which connects a bottom 23p<SB>1</SB>of a recessed part 23p and a bottom 23q<SB>1</SB>of a recessed part 23q on a surface 23h of the deflection prism 23. A resin is poured into a metal mold via the gate 61 and then the resin is cured. By providing the gate 61 in the region described above, the resin reaches a surface 23e from the surface 23h with the shortest resin flow length and also reaches end parts of respective recessed parts 23p, 23q near an opening with relatively short resin flow length after passing its both sides. Accordingly the resin easily enters to a top acute part (for example, a part where a surface 23d and a surface 23c intersect each other).  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2008161992-A (JP)
Title: Cutting method for processed member and manufacturing method for wafer
Inventor: MANITA YOSHIHISA
IPC: H01L21/304
Filed: 2006-12-28
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cutting method for a processed member and a manufacturing method for a wafer, capable of maintaining sharpness of a wire tool and of suppressing deterioration with the lapse of time of a wire itself.  <P>SOLUTION: By using the fixed abrasive grain wire tool 30 having abrasive grains electrodeposited on the outer peripheral face of the wire, the processed member B is cut while slurry 20 including loose abrasive grains is supplied to the bonded abrasive grain wire tool 30.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2008162977-A (JP)
Title: Method for producing ionic compound
Inventor: OOTSUKI MASAMI
IPC: H01M10/0568
Filed: 2006-12-28
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for stably producing in a high yield a new ionic compound with low burning risk.  <P>SOLUTION: The method for producing the ionic compound represented by formula: (NPR<SP>3</SP><SB>2</SB>)<SB>n</SB>[wherein, R<SP>3</SP>is a halogen atom or monovalent substituent, at least one of R<SP>3</SP>groups being an ionic substituent of formula: -N<SP>+</SP>R<SP>2</SP><SB>3</SB>Cl<SP>-</SP>(wherein, R<SP>2</SP>s are each H or a monovalent substituent, but at least one of R<SP>2</SP>groups is not H, and the R<SP>2</SP>groups may be mutually bound to form a ring)] comprises conducting a reaction between a cyclic phosphazene compound represented by formula: (NPR<SP>1</SP><SB>2</SB>)<SB>n</SB>(wherein, R<SP>1</SP>s are each a halogen atom or monovalent substituent, at least one of R<SP>1</SP>groups being a chlorine atom; and n is 3-15) and an amine represented by formula: NR<SP>2</SP><SB>3</SB>(wherein, R<SP>2</SP>means the same as mentioned above); and n means the same as mentioned above.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2006525165-A (JP)
Title: センサテープを含むエアバッグを折り畳む装置および方法
IPC: B60R21/01
Filed: 2004-03-05
Abstract: エアバッグ（１８）が、エアバッグ（１８）の内側に配置されたライン（１４）をエアバッグの前面に取り付け、ライン（１４）をガイド（２２）に沿って延ばすことによって折り畳まれる。次に、エアバッグ（１８）はガイド（２２）およびライン（１４）の周りに圧縮される。次に、ライン（１４）はセンサ（８２）に接続される。ライン（１４）は、センサ（８２）によって読み取られる光学パターンを有する可撓性の部材であってよい。折り畳み工程の間、ライン（１４）はセンサハウジング（２６）内に巻き入れられてよい。
Patent JP-2006519325-A (JP)
Title: トンネル掘削機における注入のための方法および組成物
IPC: E21D9/087
Filed: 2004-02-10
Abstract: 土圧バランス型トンネル掘削機によりトンネルを掘削する方法であって、発泡水性溶液および水溶性アクリル酸ベースポリマーの水性溶液の切断ヘッドにおける注入を含む、前記方法。この方法により、柔軟な粘着性の土壌の一層容易なトンネル掘削が可能である。
Patent JP-2006516920-A (JP)
Title: 血液分析のための装置及び方法
IPC: A61B5/00
Filed: 2004-01-19
Abstract: 本発明は、血管上での血液分析のための、特には分光分析装置のような分析装置に関するものである。目標領域を励起するために、励起システム（exs）が励起ビームを放出する。該目標領域からの散乱放射を検出及び分析するために、検出システム（dsy）が設けられている。所定血球量より少ない赤血球の量を含む、及び／又は所定直径値より小さな直径を有するような毛細管内の血液からの散乱放射のみが分析される如くに領域が選択又は予め決定される。この様にして、全血液又は大量の血球に対する分析とは対照的に、赤血球によるラマン光の再吸収及び散乱が少なくなる。更に、赤血球の妨害無しに血漿内で直接測定する可能性が得られ、これにより一層高い信号対雑音比が得られる。
Patent JP-2006515548-A (JP)
Title: エアバッグの折畳み方法
IPC: B60R21/237
Filed: 2004-01-27
Abstract: 本発明は、エアバッグを折り畳む方法であって、エアバッグ（１０）を、密度高く折り畳んでエアバッグハウジング（８０）のような容器に収める方法を提供する。本方法は、エアバッグ（１０）の端部を内向きに折り込んで、それによって折込み端部領域と境界を接するエアバッグの上側部分および下側部分を形成するステップを含む。本方法は、エアバッグ（１０）の第１および第２の半体を長手方向に折り畳むステップと、エアバッグ（１０）を横方向に複数回折り畳み、２つの密度の高い折畳み体（１１）、（１３）を形成するステップとをさらに含む。
Patent JP-2006522442-A (JP)
IPC: F21W107/10
Filed: 2004-04-02
Abstract: The present invention relates to a tail light, particularly a brake light for a motor vehicle, characterized in that it comprises at least one primary light source ( 2; 2 ') consisting of at least one light-emitting diode ( 3; 3 ') associated with a light guide ( 4; 4 ') the shape of which is made up overall of a straight section and comprises an input surface ( 5 ), an output surface ( 6 ) forming a straight illuminating strip and, between the input surface ( 5 ) and the output surface ( 6 ), a beam-bending surface ( 7 ) allowing the input ( 5 ) and output ( 6 ) surfaces to be arranged in parallel planes.
Patent JP-2006521152-A (JP)
Title: 呼吸補助装置
IPC: A62B9/00
Filed: 2004-03-24
Abstract: 本発明は交互の吸気相と呼気相とで動作することができる呼吸補助装置に関し、装置の制御手段は、圧力パラメータまたは流量パラメータを選択してガス供給源のための基準値を画成することができる選択手段(152)を備え、該選択手段は自動制御ユニット(51)により制御され、該制御ユニットは、I）基準値パラメータを選択するための直接閉調整ループを形成するために吸気ダクトに配置された圧力および流量のセンサーに接続され、II）圧力または流量の信号からリアルタイムで選択を行うことを可能にするプログラムに連係されていて、基準値パラメータの選択のための直接閉調整回路と比例動作を可能にするバルブとの連係が、吸気相と呼気相との間で、そしてこれらの相の最中に、装置の気圧動作モードおよび体積動作モードのリアルタイム制御を可能にするようになっている。本発明はまた、関連する動作方法にも関する。
Patent JP-2006520861-A (JP)
Title: 乳児サポートラップシステム
IPC: A47D13/02
Filed: 2004-03-17
Abstract: 【解決手段】  乳児を抱きかかえている間、および抱いて運ぶ間、乳児に改善されたサポートを提供し、特に乳児の頭部と、頸部と、背中とに改善されたサポートを提供することを目的とする、乳児サポートシステム。前記乳児サポートシステムは、２つのサポート機能および１つの安全機能を含む。第１のサポート機能は、乳児の身体に少なくとも部分的に適合する、柔軟で、弾力性がある素材で作られた第２のサポート機能に近接するラップ部材であり、乳児にサポートを提供する。第２のサポート機能は、第１のサポート機能の上に配置されることにより、前記ラップ部材で乳児をくるんだ時、前記ラップ部材は第２のサポート機能を乳児に対して望ましい位置に保持し、それにより、乳児に望ましいサポートを提供する。前記安全機能は、前記ラップ部材に対して、また第２のサポート機能に対して予め選択された位置に乳児を解放自在に保持するために用いられる。
Patent JP-2006526623-A (JP)
Title: ベンゾ［４，５］チエノ［３，２ｂ］ピラン−２−オンを含む芳香剤組成物
IPC: C12H6/02
Filed: 2004-04-08
Abstract: 芳香化学物質として使用されるベンゾ［４，５］チエノ［３，２ｂ］ピラン−２−オンの組成物を開示する。
Patent JP-2007504440-A (JP)
IPC: G01N33/28
Filed: 2004-08-27
Abstract: A sensing device and method. The device includes a first element and a second element. Each of the elements includes a first electrode, and a second electrode, and a piezoelectric layer between and connected to the first and second electrode. The first electrode, second electrode and piezoelectric layer of each element form a pressure wave transducer. The first and second elements are oriented such that the second electrode of the first element faces the second electrode of the second element. The elements are displaced from one another such that the second electrodes form the plates of a capacitor.