Patent GB-629525-A (GB)
Title: Heavy duty lubricating oil compositions
Filed: 1944-12-09
Abstract: A heavy duty lubricating oil composition comprises a major proportion of a mineral lubricating oil, a minor proportion of an oil-soluble metal detergent and a minor proportion of alizarin, quinizarin, anthragallol or an organic cyclic compound containing a sulphonic, sulphinic, phosphorous, phosphoric, phosphonic, phosphinic or carboxylic acid group and having elsewhere in its structure an oxygen, nitrogen or sulphur atom joined to carbon through a double bond.  The oil composition may also contain an anti-corrosion agent such as an oil-soluble metal salt of an alkylated diphenol sulphide, an oil-soluble metal alcoholate such as calcium octylate or calcium laurylate, an oil-soluble salt of a formaldehyde-phenol condensation product especially one derived from amyl phenol, a substituted phenol or thiophenol or heterocyclic phenol whether monohydroxy or polyhydroxy, or other non-carboxylic salt having a low ionization constant so that it can neutralize excess acidity developed in the oil composition during use.  Organic cyclic compounds of the type mentioned above include naphtha- and anthra-quinone sulphonic acids, 2 - phenyl - 6 - sulpho - 1,7 - phenanthroline and other substituted quinones, naphthaquinones, anthraquinones, cyclic dioximes, oximes and imines having in their structure an acid group selected from the class mentioned above.  Metal detergents which may be used are metal salts of petroleum sulphonic acids particularly the sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, strontium, magnesium, copper, zinc, aluminium, lead, nickel, cobalt, manganese, chromium, tin or iron salts of mahogany acids, metal salts of alkyl-substituted phenol sulphides or alkylated phenolic thio-ethers, particularly the lithium, sodium, potassium, copper, aluminium, zinc, manganese, magnesium, calcium, barium, strontium, lead, nickel, cobalt, chromium, tin and iron salts, metal salts of phosphonic or phosphinic acids or of acid phosphorous or phosphoric esters, metal salts of naphthenic acid or rosin or modified rosin, and metal soaps of fatty acids or modified fatty acids such as stearates, chlorinated stearates, phenyl stearates or salts of synthetic acids produced by the oxidation of highly paraffinic petroleum fractions. Alkyl-substituted phenol sulphides or alkylated phenolic thioethers whose metal salts may be employed are dibutyl phenol sulphide, p-tertiary-amyl phenol sulphide and other alkyl hydroxy phenyl thio-ethers or mixtures thereof mentioned in U.S.A.  Specifications 2,139,321 and 2,139,766, and the mixture of poly-alkyl phenol sulphides known under the Registered Trade Mark "Paranox."  The corresponding metal salts where sulphur is replaced by selenium or tellurium may also be employed.  Where a metal salt of an alkylated phenolic thioether is employed, the oil composition may also contain the free alkylated phenolic thioether.  In examples, mineral lubricating oil compositions containing alizarin, calcium mahogany sulphonate and calcium "Paranox" salt or the calcium salt of diamyl diphenol sulphide are described.  Specification 600,775 is referred to. p ALSO:Metal salts of mahogany sulphonic acids.-The sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, strontium, magnesium, copper, zinc, aluminium, lead, nickel, cobalt, manganese, chromium, tin, or iron salts of mahogany sulphonic acids are employed as ingredients of a lubricating oil composition (see Group III).  In the preparation of the calcium mahogany sulphonates, the lubricating oil, after treatment with sulphuric acid, is neutralized with sodium hydroxide and the sodium mahogany sulphonates are extracted with ethyl or propyl alcohol.  A hot aqueous solution of the sodium mahogany sulphonates is then treated with aqueous calcium chloride and the crude calcium mahogany sulphonate precipitate is separated.  This is dissolved in mineral lubricating oil, heated and filtered to remove water and inorganic salts.  Metal salts of alkylated phenol sulphides.-Lithium, sodium, potassium, copper, aluminium, zinc, manganese, magnesium, calcium, barium, strontium, lead, nickel, cobalt, chromium, tin, or iron salts of alkylated phenol sulphides are employed as ingredients of a lubricating oil composition (see Group III).  In particular, the metal salts of dibutyl phenol sulphide, p-tertiary-amyl phenol sulphide and other alkyl hydroxy phenyl thio-ethers or mixtures thereof mentioned in U.S.A. Specifications 2,139,766 and 2,139,321 and the mixture of polyalkyl phenol sulphides known under the Registered Trade Mark "Paranox," are used.  The calcium salts may be prepared by dissolving the alkylated phenol sulphide in mineral lubricating oil and heating with hydrated calcium oxide, if desired in the presence of a little ethyl alcohol. Alternatively the alkyl phenol sulphide may be neutralized with sodium hydroxide and the sodium salt reacted with calcium chloride. Other metal salts may be prepared by a similar metathesis.