Patent GB-652024-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the production of thermoplastic resins and of threads, fibres, filaments and like products therefrom
IPC: C10M173/00
Filed: 1948-11-26
Abstract: A thermoplastic resin is produced by heating until a fibre-forming resinous product is obtained a mixture of substantially equimolecular proportions of epichlorhydrin and at least one dihydric phenol, the hydroxyl-bearing carbon atoms of which are separated by at least one other carbon atom, in presence of 1.0 to 1.1 mols. of caustic alkali per mol. of dihydric phenol. The condensation may be effected in two stages, 2 mols. of epichlorhydrin being first reacted with one of dihydric phenol to form an aromatic-bis-glycidyl ether which is then gradually added if desired as a solution or suspension to a further mol. of dihydric phenol or to a mol. of a different phenol with a little alkali or catalyst.  In another modification the epichlorhydrin is first reacted with 50-100 per cent of the dihydroxy compound in absence of alkali and the product then heated with the alkali and any remaining hydroxy compound.  The reactions may be performed in water, aqueous alcohol, aqueous dioxane or other suitable solvent or diluent, preferably with rapid stirring.  If desired, the three ractants may be heated in a solvent or diluent until a low molecular weight polymer separates, which is then heated alone in molten state at 200 DEG  C. or higher.  Dihydric phenols mentioned are resorcinol; hydroquinone; 3,31- or 4,41-dihydroxy diphenyls; dihydroxy diphenoxy ethanes; dihydroxy diphenyl methanes; diphenylol propanes; 4,41-dihydroxy diphenyl sulphone; and 1 : 3, 1 : 4, 1 : 5, 1 : 6, 1 : 7, 1 : 8, 2 : 6 or 2 : 7 dihydroxy naphthalenes, or mixtures of these compounds.  The phenols may contain inert substituents, e.g. halogen atoms, alkyl groups and alkoxy groups. The reaction may be performed in an inert medium, e.g. nitrogen, or in presence of a reducing agent, e.g. sodium stannite. a - or b -glycerol dichlorhydrin with 1 equivalent of caustic alkali may replace the epichlorhydrin.  The products may be drawn or melt-spun to threads usually capable of cold-drawing.  The products may be stabilized by addition during the condensation of about 1 per cent of a compound with a single phenol group or an epoxide ring, e.g. glycidol or phenol. Alternatively the product may be boiled with dilute aqueous HCl to destroy epoxide rings.  The intrinsic viscosity of the products may be increased by extraction of lower molecular weight polymers, e.g. by glacial acetic acid, or, if the product has not been stabilized by heating it in air at about 200 DEG  C. for 1-3 hours. Salt may be removed from the products by washing with water. The products are capable of reacting with acid chlorides, anhydrides, acrylonitrile, oxidizing agents, formaldehyde, acetone, organic di-isocyanates or di-isothiocyanates, dicarboxylic acid chlorides, methylene di-acetate, dibutyl formal or organic tri-isocyanates. The softening point of threads of the products may be increased by such after-treatments, e.g. by immersing them or passing them through a bath which may be heated and may contain a catalyst and swelling agent.  In the examples: (1) and (2) epichlorhydrin is heated with half the hydroquinone and the product with the remaining hydroquinone and the alkali; (3) resorcinol replaces the hydroquinone; (4) the hydroquinone, epichlorhydrin and alkali are all heated together and the product heated with dilute HCl; (5) the hydroquinone and epichlorhydrin are heated together, then the alkali added and heating continued; (6) a suspension of hydroquinone bis-glycidyl ether in ethanol was added slowly and continuously with heating to hydroquinone and a little caustic soda in aqueous alcohol; (7) lower molecular weight polymers were extracted from the product of example (4) with glacial acetic acid; (8) similar to example (5), the product being after-heated in nitrogen; (9) threads produced from a polymer similar to that of example (4) were treated with a mixture of 2,4- and 2,6-tolylene di-isocyanate in heated pyridine and carbon tetrachloride; (10) threads were treated with sebacyl chloride, acetone and carbon tetrachloride; (11) threads were after-treated with acetone, carbon tetrachloride of boron trifluoride etherate or with methylene diacetate in ethyl acetate, carbon tetrachloride and boron trifluoride etherate; (12) describes polymer production from hydroquinone, epichlorhydrins and alkali, followed by boiling with HCl; (13) phenol is added as a stabilizer; (14) phenol is added as stabilizer and stannous chloride as antioxidant; (15), (16) and (17) describe slightly modified methods of procedure; (18) uses diphenylol propane as the phenol; (19) uses p,p1-dihydroxydiphenyl; (20) and (21) use a mixture of p,p1-dihydroxydiphenyl and hydroquinone; (22) and (23) describe hydroquinone-epichlorhydrin polymers; and (24), (25) and (26) describe their after-treatment with mixed 2,4- and 2,6-tolylene diisocyanates; (27) employs resorcinol, with phenol as stabilizer and stannous chloride as antioxidant; and (28) uses dihydroxy diphenyl sulphone.  Specifications 420,078, 518,057, 579,698, 629,111, 675,165, 675,169 and U.S.A.  Specification 1,642,078 are referred to.