Patent GB-810196-A (GB)
Title: Cephalosporin c
Inventor: ABRAHAM EDWARD PENLEY
IPC: C07D501/28
Filed: 1955-02-02
Abstract: A new antibiotic, Cephalosporin C, active against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria but insensitive to penicillinase prepared from B. subtilis, is soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol and ether; it contains the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur; the free acid contains 44.4 per cent <PICT:0810196/IV (b)/1> <PICT:0810196/IV (b)/2> carbon, 5.6 per cent hydrogen, 9.8 per cent nitrogen and 7.3 per cent sulphur and is possibly C16H21O8N3S; it is probably a monoaminodicarboxylic acid; an aqueous solution of the sodium salt has an optical rotation <FORM:0810196/IV (b)/1> ; it is stable in aqueous solution at pH 2.5 to 5.0; acid hydrolysis yields carbon dioxide and an acidic amino acid, possible a -aminoadipic acid; an aqueous solution of its sodium salt shows an ultraviolet absorption maximum at 260 millimicrons with <FORM:0810196/IV (b)/2> ; a paraffin paste of the sodium salt shows bands at 2.94, 3.06, 5.61, 5.77, 6.05, 6.57, 6.29, 7.17 and 7.36 microns.  The sources of Cephalosporin C are the fermentation liquors obtained by fermenting a nutrient medium with a Cephalosporin-N-producing mould of the species of which Cephalosporium I.M.I. 49137 is a member, according to Specification 745,208, and the products obtained at any stage in the recovery of Cephalosporium-N from the above fermentation liquors by the processes of Specification 745,208, particularly the eluate obtained after absorption of a filtered broth first on carbon and then on alumina. Cephalosporin C is mixed with Cephalosporin-N and separation is effected by (a) solvent fractionation or (b) absorption on an anion-exchange material.  If the Cephalosporin-N is not required, it may be converted to Cephalosporin-N penillic acid by (a) heating an aqueous solution thereof at pH 2.5 to 5.0 to 37 DEG  C. for 2 hours or (b) subjecting a solution thereof to the action of penicillinase. The mixture of Cephalosporin-N penillic acid and Cephalosporin C is then separated by (a) adsorption on an anion-exchange resin such as "Amberlite 1R4B" (Registered Trade Mark), and elution with aqueous acid, aqueous buffer of pH 3.2 to 5.0, e.g. aqueous ammonium formate or ammonium acetate, or an aqueous solution of a tertiary base, e.g. pyridine partly neutralized with acetic, sulphuric or oxalic acid; (b) countercurrent distribution at pH 2 to 5 in a two-phase solvent system consisting of water and phenol (or a substituted phenol such a cresol or a xylenol) with or without the further addition of an organic solvent such as carbon tetrachloride; (c) adsorption on acid washed alumina and elution with dilute aqueous alkali, e.g. sodium hydroxide; and (d) precipitation of the Cephalosporin-N penillic acid as an insoluble compound with mercuric chloride.  The preferred method of separating Cephalosporin-N and Cephalosporin-C in an active state is by absorption on an anion-exchange material at a pH of at least 4.9 to 8.0 and elution therefrom with a buffer solution of 4.9 to 8.0 and especially 4.9 to 5.5, particularly an aqueous solution of sulphuric or oxalic acid containing a tertiary base such as pyridine, collidine or lutidine.  The base is removed from the eluate in vacuo or by extraction with organic solvent such as benzene.  The acid is removed by the addition of an alkaline earth hydroxide, e.g. barium hydroxide, and the Cephalosporin-C alkaline earth metal salt simultaneously produced is treated with an alkali metal sulphate or a cation-exchange resin or zeolite on the sodium cycle to produce the alkali metal salt.  Cephalosporin-N impurity may be removed by forming Cephalosporin-N penicillic acid which is separated on an anion-exchange column.  Cephalo sporin-C protects penicillin against its inactivation by penicillinase producing micro-organisms.ALSO:Mixtures of Cephalosporin C (see Group IV (b)) and penicillin are effective against penicillinase producing microorganisms. Specification 745,208, [Group IV (b)], is referred to.