Patent GB-240884-A (GB)
Title: Process for stabilizing various materials
IPC: C09C1/00
Filed: 1924-05-02
Abstract: Materials including unstable colouring matters are rendered stable by combining them with more stable substances to form mixed crystals proof against the attack of chemical and physical agents. Layer crystals are formed with the mixed crystal or unstable substance inside, and the outer layers consist of the stable material.  The crystals are formed by double precipitation from solutions and in each case the substances should be crystals of the same type of crystal lattice and similar crystal lattice distances.  Thus mixed crystals of potassium permanganate and barium sulphate are formed by mixing two solutions both saturated with potassium permanganate, one containing barium ions and the other sulphate ions in weak solution. A stable violet dyed powder is formed.  Any potassium permanganate on the surface is washed away and the surface may be built up with barium sulphate by washing the crystals in water containing sulphate or barium ions. The intensity of the colour depends on the concentration of the solutions, which contain the unstable compound in high concentration, and each contains a component of the stable compound in low concentration.  The crystals may be allowed to grow in a solution of the stable substance.  The mixed crystals p  may also be formed by fusing two substances together.  In another example solutions of barium nitrate and potassium sulphate are mixed together, and finally mixed with potassium hydrate and manganate of potash.  The precipitated powder is washed by decantation with water, then with sulphurous acid, again with water, and dried, yielding a coloured lake or powder stable against chemical agents.  Yarns, threads, paper pulp, fabrics and other materials may be coloured by precipitation of the mixed crystals in the material which may previously be treated with a solution or colloidal solution as a protecting agent or mordant. Thus a linen fabric is impregnated with a hot concentrated solution of barium nitrate, pressed, and immersed in a bath of dilute potassium sulphate and manganate and hydroxide. It is then washed as above and dried.  It is stated that the mixed crystals may also be produced by mechanical rubbing of the components, preferably at a high temperature, by combination from the gaseous phase, by the action of gases on solids or liquids, or by electrolysis.  Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specifications 29383/06; 23676/08, [Class 1, Acids, alkalies, &c.]; 13260/11, and 174,891, [both in Class 1 (iii), Oxides &c., Metallic].ALSO:Unstable colouring matters, e.g. potassium permangate, are rendered stable for use in dyeing by combining them with more stable substances, e.g. barium sulphate, to form mixed crystals proof against the attack of chemical and physical agents.  The crystals may be formed by double precipitation from solutions and in each case the substances should be crystals of the same type of crystal lattice and similar crystal lattice distances.  Yarns, threads, paper pulp, fabrics and other materials may be coloured by precipitation of the mixed crystals in the material, which may previously be treated with a solution or colloidal solution as a protecting agent or mordant. Thus a linen fabric is impregnated with a hot concentrated solution of barium nitrate, pressed, and immersed in a bath of dilute potassium sulphate and manganate and hydroxide.  It is then washed and dried.  The colouring of the fabric may also be effected by treating it with fused masses of the components, by mechanical rubbing of the components, preferably at a high temperature, by combination from the gaseous phase, by the action of gases on solids or liquids, or by electrolysis.  Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specifications 29383/06, [Class 2, Acids and salts, Organic &c.], 23676/08, [Class 1, Acids, alkalies, &c.], 13260/11 and 174,891, [both in Class 1 (iii), Oxides &c., Metallic].ALSO:Materials and substances are rendered stable by combining them with more stable substances to form mixed crystals proof against the attack of chemical and physical agents.  Layer crystals are formed with the mixed crystal or unstable substance inside, and the outer layers consist of the stable material.  The mixed crystals may be formed by fusing two substances together.  Thus on fusing ten grams of sodium chloride and one gram of caustic potash, non-hygroscopic crystals are obtained, adapted to yield caustic potash gradually in a chemical action.  Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specifications 29383/06, [Class 2, Acids and salts, Organic], 23676/08, and 13260/11 and 174,891, [both in Class 1 (iii), Oxides &c., Metallic].ALSO:Materials and substances are rendered stable by combining them with more stable substances to form mixed crystals proof against the attack of chemical and physical agents.  Layer crystals are formed with the mixed crystal or unstable substance inside, and the outer layers consist of the stable material.  The crystals are formed by double precipitation from solutions, and in each case the substances should be crystals of the same type of crystal lattice and similar crystal lattice distances.  Thus mixed crystals of potassium permanganate and barium sulphate are formed by mixing two solutions both saturated with potassium permanganate, one containing barium ions and the other sulphate ions in weak solution. A stable violet dyed powder is formed. Any potassium permanganate on the surface is washed away and the surface may be built up with barium sulphate by washing the crystals in water containing sulphate or barium ions.  The intensity of the colour depends on the concentration of the solutions, which contain the unstable compound in high concentration, and each contains a component of the stable compound in low concentration.  The crystals may be allowed to grow in a solution of the stable substance.  The mixed crystals may also be formed by fusing two substances together.  Thus on fusing ten grams of sodium chloride and one gram of caustic potash, non-hygroscopic crystals are obtained, adapted to yield caustic potash gradually in a chemical action.  Mixed crystals of sodium nitrate and calcium carbonate slowly yield the former and are used as manures.  1500 c.c. of a solution of fourth normal barium nitrate and 750 c.c. of half normal potassium sulphate are mixed together, and finally mixed all at once with 84 grams of potassium hydrate and 7.81 grams of manganate of potash.  The precipitated powder is washed by decantation with water, then with sulphurous acid, again with water, and dried, yielding a coloured lake or powder stable against chemical agents.  Yarns, threads, paper pulp, fabrics and other materials may be coloured by precipitation of the mixed crystals in the material, which may previously be treated with a solution or colloidal solution as a protecting agent or mordant.  Thus a linen fabric is impregnated p  with a hot concentrated solution of barium nitrate, pressed, and immersed in a bath of dilute potassium sulphate and manganate and hydroxide.  It is then washed as above and dried.  Unstable colouring matters are used as components of the mixed crystals. It is stated that the mixed crystals may also be produced by mechanical rubbing of the components, preferably at a high temperature, by combination from the gaseous phase, by the action of gases on solids or liquids, or by electrolysis.  Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specifications 29383/06, 23676/08, 13260/11, and 174,891.