Patent GB-494859-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to detergents and like substances
IPC: C07C39/06
Filed: 1937-09-21
Abstract: Products stated to be emulsifying agents and suitable for preparing lacquer emulsions and dispersing pigments and paints, are prepared by reacting together in one step unsaturated polymers of gaseous olefinic hydrocarbons with phenols and a strong polybasic mineral acid, neutralizing and separating the resulting saponaceous products. As gaseous olefinic hydrocarbons ethylene, propylene, butylene, isobutylene, amylene or refinery gases resulting from the cracking of high molecular weight hydrocarbons may be used but preferably the average molecular weight of the olefines should be between 40 and 60. Besides phenol, the following may be used for the condensation: cresol, thiophenols, di and trihydroxy benzenes, a -and b -naphthol and aryl substituted phenols.  Sulphonating agents are preferably employed but phosphoric acid is also suitable.  In an example, phenol is condensed with triisobutylene in the presence of sulphuric acid and the product, after neutralization with caustic soda, extracted with isopropylalcohol.ALSO:Detergents which are stated to have wetting and other properties are prepared by reacting together in one step unsaturated polymers of gaseous olefinic hydrocarbons with phenols and a strong polybasic mineral acid, neutralizing, and separating the resulting saponaceous products.  As gaseous olefinic hydrocarbons ethylene, propylene, butylene, isobutylene, amylene or refinery gases resulting from the cracking of high molecular weight hydrocarbons may be used, but preferably the average molecular weight of the olefines should be between 40 and 60.  The olefines may be polymerized by merely heating under pressure or in the presence of clay, charcoal, bauxite, silica gel, charcoal impregnated with phosphoric acid, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, the sulphates or phosphates of zinc, silver, cadmium and aluminium, or catalysts of the active halide type, e.g. aluminium or zinc chloride or boron or titanium fluoride.  Besides phenol, the following may be used for the condensation; cresol, thiophenols, di- and trihydroxy benzenes, a and b -naphthol and aryl substituted phenols.  Sulphonating agents are preferably employed but phosphoric acid is also suitable.  In an example, phenol is condensed with triisobutylene in the presence of sulphuric acid and the product, after neutralization with caustic soda extracted with isopropylalcohol.  Before drying, the product is extracted first with naphtha and then with benzol.  The properties of products obtained from phenols and various unsaturated olefine polymers as well as from phenols and simple olefines are tabulated. The products may be used (a) for dispersing pigments and paints in water and for preparing lacquer emulsions; (b) for scouring, with or without soap or soda, e.g. in removing grease from steel; (c) in paper manufacture for improving its absorption properties; (d) in insecticidal sprays in combination with pyrethrum, derris or lead arsenate; (e) in finishes, dye baths and cosmetics; and (f) for wetting glue. Specification 452,335 is referred to.ALSO:Wetting agents which may be used in insecticidal sprays in combination with pyrethrum, derris and lead arsenate are prepared by reacting together in one step unsaturated polymers of gaseous olefinic hydrocarbons with phenols and a strong polybasic mineral acid, neutralizing and separating the resulting saponaceous products.  As gaseous olefinic hydrocarbons ethylene, propylene, butylene, isobutylene, amylene or refinery gases resulting from the cracking of high molecular weight hydrocarbons may be used, but preferably the average molecular weight of the olefines should be between 40 and 60.  The olefines may be polymerized by merely heating under pressure or in the presence of clay, charcoal, bauxite, silica gel, charcoal impregnated with phosphoric acid, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, the sulphates or phosphates of zinc, silver, cadmium and aluminium, or catalysts of the active halide type, e.g. aluminium or zinc chloride or boron or titanium fluoride.  Besides phenol, the following may be used for the condensation: cresol, thiophenols, di and trihydroxy benzenes, a - and b -naphthol and aryl substituted phenols.  Sulphonating agents are preferably employed but phosphoric acid is also suitable.  In an example, phenol is condensed with triisobutylene in the presence of sulphuric acid and the product, after neutralization with caustic soda, extracted with isopropylalcohol.