id
stringlengths 12
17
| question
stringlengths 19
430
| choices
sequence | answerKey
stringclasses 2
values | para
stringlengths 30
323
| para_id
stringlengths 12
12
| para_anno
dict | question_anno
dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
QRQA-10313-3 | A larger box can hold how much air compared to a small box? | {
"text": [
"More air",
"Less air"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | In the larger container we will still have the same number of gas particles, but now they are filling a much larger space. | QRSent-10313 | {
"effect_prop": "volume",
"cause_dir_str": "larger",
"effect_dir_str": "larger",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "size"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more",
"less_effect_dir": "less",
"less_cause_prop": "box",
"more_effect_prop": "air",
"less_effect_prop": "air",
"less_cause_dir": "air"
} |
QRQA-10012-2 | Carl is studying climate change, and notes that more ultraviolet radiation is being trapped, which means the earth will be | {
"text": [
"cooler",
"warmer"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | If there are more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, more ultraviolet radiation will be trapped and the Earth will heat up. | QRSent-10012 | {
"effect_prop": "ultraviolet radiation trapped",
"cause_dir_str": "more",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "greenhouse gases in the atmosphere"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more",
"less_effect_dir": "",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "ultraviolet radiation is being trapped",
"less_effect_prop": "",
"less_cause_dir": ""
} |
QRQA-10160-1-flip | As water drips from a red bucket full of water into a blue bucket that is empty, does the water level in the blue bucket | {
"text": [
"increase",
"decrease?"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | In an inverse relationship, when one variable increases, the other variable decreases. | QRSent-10160 | {
"effect_prop": "the value of the inverse variable",
"cause_dir_str": "increases",
"effect_dir_str": "decreases",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "the value of one variable"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increase",
"less_effect_dir": "decrease",
"less_cause_prop": "red bucket",
"more_effect_prop": "water level",
"less_effect_prop": "water level",
"less_cause_dir": "water level"
} |
QRQA-10395-5-flip | Dane was on a mountaintop and getting plenty of air, so a higher elevation _____ out of the question | {
"text": [
"was not",
"was"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | At higher elevations, there is less air to press on a given area. | QRSent-10395 | {
"effect_prop": "air",
"cause_dir_str": "higher",
"effect_dir_str": "less",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "elevations"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "plenty",
"less_effect_dir": "",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "air",
"less_effect_prop": "",
"less_cause_dir": ""
} |
QRQA-10100-2 | Karen is observing an electromagnetic wave and how it travels from its source. This wave travels very far from its source, because the energy is diluted | {
"text": [
"more",
"less"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | However, the energy is diluted as an electromagnetic wave travels farther from its source because it spreads out over an ever-larger area. | QRSent-10100 | {
"effect_prop": "diluted energy",
"cause_dir_str": "farther",
"effect_dir_str": "diluted",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "travel distance"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more diluted",
"less_effect_dir": "less diluted",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "energy",
"less_effect_prop": "energy",
"less_cause_dir": "energy"
} |
QRQA-10076-4 | If Mona is producing sound waves by listening to her radio at night and she turns up the volume, what happens to the amount of energy being produced by the radio? | {
"text": [
"increases",
"decreases"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | A higher-frequency wave has more energy than a lower-frequency wave with the same amplitude. | QRSent-10076 | {
"effect_prop": "energy",
"cause_dir_str": "higher",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "higher-frequency wave"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increases",
"less_effect_dir": "decreases",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "energy",
"less_effect_prop": "energy",
"less_cause_dir": "energy"
} |
QRQA-10335-1-flip | By filling up a party balloon with slower moving Helium particles from a gas cylinder as opposed to faster ones, would the temperature of the balloon be | {
"text": [
"higher",
"lower?"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | When particles move more quickly, temperature is higher and an object feels warmer. | QRSent-10335 | {
"effect_prop": "particle speed of a substance",
"cause_dir_str": "higher",
"effect_dir_str": "more quickly",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "temperature of a substance"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "faster",
"less_effect_dir": "slower moving",
"less_cause_prop": "temperature",
"more_effect_prop": "helium particles",
"less_effect_prop": "helium particles",
"less_cause_dir": "helium particles"
} |
QRQA-10025-3 | Suzie is studying different countries and the amount of energy sources they use. She finds that the United States is much richer or wealthier than South Africa. Therefore, _____ uses more energy sources. | {
"text": [
"South Africa",
"the United States"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | Richer nations use far more energy resources, especially fossil fuels, than poorer nations do. | QRSent-10025 | {
"effect_prop": "energy sources",
"cause_dir_str": "richer",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "richer nations"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more",
"less_effect_dir": "",
"less_cause_prop": "South Africa",
"more_effect_prop": "energy resources",
"less_effect_prop": "",
"less_cause_dir": ""
} |
QRQA-10266-4 | A place with a _____ water table means wells can be dug at shallower depths. | {
"text": [
"high",
"low"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | As the water is pumped out, the water table slowly falls, requiring wells to be dug deeper, which takes more money and energy. | QRSent-10266 | {
"effect_prop": "depth of wells",
"cause_dir_str": "falls",
"effect_dir_str": "deeper",
"cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "water table"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "",
"less_effect_dir": "shallower",
"less_cause_prop": "water table",
"more_effect_prop": "",
"less_effect_prop": "depths",
"less_cause_dir": "depths"
} |
QRQA-10187-3 | As we go further from shore, we normally will encounter _____ dissolved nutrients. | {
"text": [
"more",
"less"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | Therefore, water nearer shore usually contains more dissolved nutrients than water farther from shore. | QRSent-10187 | {
"effect_prop": "closeness of water to shore",
"cause_dir_str": "more",
"effect_dir_str": "nearer",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "dissolved nutrients"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "",
"less_effect_dir": "further from",
"less_cause_prop": "dissolved nutrients",
"more_effect_prop": "",
"less_effect_prop": "shore",
"less_cause_dir": "shore"
} |
QRQA-10355-5-flip | If Mary is weighing two objects and she notices that her orange has a larger mass then her cherry, which object will have lesser momentum? | {
"text": [
"cherry",
"orange"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | An object has greater momentum if it has greater mass, greater velocity, or both. | QRSent-10355 | {
"effect_prop": "mass",
"cause_dir_str": "greater",
"effect_dir_str": "greater",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "momentum"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "larger",
"less_effect_dir": "",
"less_cause_prop": "momentum",
"more_effect_prop": "mass",
"less_effect_prop": "",
"less_cause_dir": ""
} |
QRQA-10030-2-flip | The air gets thicker when it is | {
"text": [
"hot",
"cold"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | Increasing air temperature decreases atmospheric pressure. | QRSent-10030 | {
"effect_prop": "atmospheric pressure",
"cause_dir_str": "increasing",
"effect_dir_str": "decreases",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "temperature"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "thicker",
"less_effect_dir": "",
"less_cause_prop": "air",
"more_effect_prop": "air",
"less_effect_prop": "",
"less_cause_dir": ""
} |
QRQA-10227-5-flip | A group of settlers decided to live close to one aquifer instead of another aquifer because the aquifer they chose was much farther from the surface. Getting water from the aquifer farther from the surface will be | {
"text": [
"easier",
"more difficult."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | The closer to the surface an aquifer is, the easier it is to get the water. | QRSent-10227 | {
"effect_prop": "easier",
"cause_dir_str": "closer",
"effect_dir_str": "easier",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "closer to the surface"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "easier",
"less_effect_dir": "more difficult",
"less_cause_prop": "surface",
"more_effect_prop": "water",
"less_effect_prop": "water",
"less_cause_dir": "water"
} |
QRQA-10150-5 | Water that is near a lot of plants has | {
"text": [
"few nutrients",
"many nutrients"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | Most nutrients are washed into ocean water from land. Therefore, water closer to shore tends to have more nutrients. | QRSent-10150 | {
"effect_prop": "nutrients",
"cause_dir_str": "closer",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "distance from shore"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "many",
"less_effect_dir": "few",
"less_cause_prop": "plants",
"more_effect_prop": "nutrients",
"less_effect_prop": "nutrients",
"less_cause_dir": "nutrients"
} |
QRQA-10246-1 | Katie had to pee, and when she did, she noticed that her urine was quite dark. The darkness in the urine means Katie should drink water in amounts that are | {
"text": [
"smaller",
"larger"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | The darker the urine, the less water it contains. | QRSent-10246 | {
"effect_prop": "water",
"cause_dir_str": "darker",
"effect_dir_str": "less",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "urine"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "larger",
"less_effect_dir": "smaller",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "water in amounts",
"less_effect_prop": "water in amounts",
"less_cause_dir": "water in amounts"
} |
QRQA-10124-3-flip | The less energy particles in matter have, they move | {
"text": [
"slower",
"faster."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | The particles in matter are always moving. The more energy they have, the faster they move. | QRSent-10124 | {
"effect_prop": "speed they move",
"cause_dir_str": "more",
"effect_dir_str": "faster",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "energy"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "move faster",
"less_effect_dir": "move slower",
"less_cause_prop": "energy",
"more_effect_prop": "particles",
"less_effect_prop": "particles",
"less_cause_dir": "particles"
} |
QRQA-10386-5-flip | Mike is stretching a rubber band out. The softer he pulls, and the less he stretches it, the resistance of the band is | {
"text": [
"greater",
"lesser"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | The farther you stretch the band, the greater the resistance is. | QRSent-10386 | {
"effect_prop": "resistance",
"cause_dir_str": "farther",
"effect_dir_str": "greater",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "far"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "greater",
"less_effect_dir": "lesser",
"less_cause_prop": "rubber band",
"more_effect_prop": "resistance",
"less_effect_prop": "resistance",
"less_cause_dir": "resistance"
} |
QRQA-10140-1-flip | Two people are standing out in the sunlight; one with dark skin, one with light skin. The person with light skin will be burned | {
"text": [
"more",
"less"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | Light-skinned people get sunburned more quickly than people with darker skin. | QRSent-10140 | {
"effect_prop": "melanin",
"cause_dir_str": "more quickly",
"effect_dir_str": "light-skinned",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "quickly"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "dark",
"less_effect_dir": "light",
"less_cause_prop": "burned",
"more_effect_prop": "skin",
"less_effect_prop": "skin",
"less_cause_dir": "skin"
} |
QRQA-10122-1 | Compared to an island with no tigers, would a similar island filled with tigers be | {
"text": [
"less likely to have an overwhelming deer population",
"more likely to have an overwhelming deer population?"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | An increase in predators, the emergence of a new disease, or the loss of habitat are just three possible problems that will decrease a population. | QRSent-10122 | {
"effect_prop": "decrease in the population of a species",
"cause_dir_str": "increase",
"effect_dir_str": "decrease",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "number of predators of a species"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more likely to be overwhelming",
"less_effect_dir": "less likely to be overwhelming",
"less_cause_prop": "tigers",
"more_effect_prop": "deer",
"less_effect_prop": "deer",
"less_cause_dir": "deer"
} |
QRQA-10393-2-flip | Theo moved far from Gary. The amplitude of the light bouncing off of them likely | {
"text": [
"decreases",
"increases"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | The closer together the particles are, the greater the amplitude of the wave. | QRSent-10393 | {
"effect_prop": "amplitude of the wave",
"cause_dir_str": "closer",
"effect_dir_str": "greater",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "closer together"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increases",
"less_effect_dir": "decreases",
"less_cause_prop": "far from",
"more_effect_prop": "amplitude",
"less_effect_prop": "amplitude",
"less_cause_dir": "amplitude"
} |
QRQA-10278-4 | If Mona is bouncing radar waves off a test car when training to be a policewoman and she notices the frequency of the waves returning to her radar gun is higher then it was before, what is happening to the car she is pointing the gun at? | {
"text": [
"decreasing in speed",
"increasing in speed"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | A: As the car approaches the radar gun, the reflected microwaves get bunched up in front of the car. Therefore, the waves the receiver detects have a higher frequency than they would if they were being reflected from a stationary object. The faster the car is moving, the greater the increase in the frequency of the waves. | QRSent-10278 | {
"effect_prop": "increase in the frequency of the waves",
"cause_dir_str": "faster",
"effect_dir_str": "increase",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "faster the car is moving"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "frequency returning to gun is higher",
"less_effect_dir": "",
"less_cause_prop": "car",
"more_effect_prop": "waves",
"less_effect_prop": "",
"less_cause_dir": ""
} |
QRQA-10326-3-flip | Jimbo is going to the beach and he wants to ensure he has the lowest sun protection for his skin. Should he wear a sunscreen with a higher SPF or a lower SPF? | {
"text": [
"higher SPF",
"lower SPF"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | A sunscreen with a higher SPF value protects the skin longer. | QRSent-10326 | {
"effect_prop": "protects the skin",
"cause_dir_str": "higher",
"effect_dir_str": "longer",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "SPF"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "",
"less_effect_dir": "lowest",
"less_cause_prop": "SPF",
"more_effect_prop": "",
"less_effect_prop": "sun protection",
"less_cause_dir": "sun protection"
} |
QRQA-10138-5 | Andy put two magnets at the end of the table, Karen put two magnets right next to each other. Whose magnets had a greater gravitational force? | {
"text": [
"Andy",
"Karen"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | The further objects are away from each other, the smaller the gravitational force. | QRSent-10138 | {
"effect_prop": "Gravitational Force",
"cause_dir_str": "further",
"effect_dir_str": "smaller",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "Distance"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "greater",
"less_effect_dir": "",
"less_cause_prop": "magnets",
"more_effect_prop": "gravitational force",
"less_effect_prop": "",
"less_cause_dir": ""
} |
QRQA-10235-4-flip | When you have a decrease of factories in an area the level of trash will | {
"text": [
"increase",
"decrease"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | Nations that have more industry produce more hazardous waste. | QRSent-10235 | {
"effect_prop": "hazardous waste",
"cause_dir_str": "more",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "industry"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increase",
"less_effect_dir": "decrease",
"less_cause_prop": "factories",
"more_effect_prop": "trash",
"less_effect_prop": "trash",
"less_cause_dir": "trash"
} |
QRQA-10385-2 | As more people are added to Earth, they will find _____ water scarcity. | {
"text": [
"increasing",
"decreasing"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | Many of the worlds people live with water scarcity, and that percentage will increase as populations increase and climate changes. | QRSent-10385 | {
"effect_prop": "water scarcity",
"cause_dir_str": "increase",
"effect_dir_str": "increase",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "population size"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increasing",
"less_effect_dir": "decreasing",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "water scarcity",
"less_effect_prop": "water scarcity",
"less_cause_dir": "water scarcity"
} |
QRQA-10187-5 | If Milo takes nutrient measurements from water near the shore and compares them to measurements of water taken far from the shore, which will contain more dissolved nutrients? | {
"text": [
"near the shore",
"far from the shore"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | Therefore, water nearer shore usually contains more dissolved nutrients than water farther from shore. | QRSent-10187 | {
"effect_prop": "dissolved nutrients",
"cause_dir_str": "nearer",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "water nearer shore"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more",
"less_effect_dir": "",
"less_cause_prop": "water",
"more_effect_prop": "dissolved nutrients",
"less_effect_prop": "",
"less_cause_dir": ""
} |
QRQA-10253-5 | Fred was moving a desk across the room. He then pushed a chair and it was much easier. This is because the heavier desk had _____ friction with the floor. | {
"text": [
"less",
"more"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | Its harder to overcome friction between heavier objects and the floor than it is between lighter objects and the floor. | QRSent-10253 | {
"effect_prop": "harder to overcome friction",
"cause_dir_str": "heavier",
"effect_dir_str": "harder",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "heavier objects"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more",
"less_effect_dir": "less",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "friction with the floor",
"less_effect_prop": "friction with the floor",
"less_cause_dir": "friction with the floor"
} |
QRQA-10346-2 | Milo is swimming in the pool at the shallow end. Suddenly he decides to move to the deep end. What happens to the water as he swims deeper? | {
"text": [
"gets warmer",
"gets colder"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | Water also gets colder as you go deeper. | QRSent-10346 | {
"effect_prop": "Water also gets colder",
"cause_dir_str": "deeper",
"effect_dir_str": "colder",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "deeper"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "colder",
"less_effect_dir": "warmer",
"less_cause_prop": "pool",
"more_effect_prop": "water",
"less_effect_prop": "water",
"less_cause_dir": "water"
} |
QRQA-10400-3-flip | Fred started a fire on the beach. The air distant from the fire likely | {
"text": [
"falls",
"rises"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | Warm air is less dense than cool air, so it rises higher in the troposphere. | QRSent-10400 | {
"effect_prop": "rises higher in the troposphere",
"cause_dir_str": "less",
"effect_dir_str": "higher",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "air dense"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "rises",
"less_effect_dir": "falls",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "air",
"less_effect_prop": "air",
"less_cause_dir": "air"
} |
QRQA-10209-2 | If plants are not able to photosynthesize then they have | {
"text": [
"less food",
"more food"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | Less photosynthesis means that plants and phytoplankton produce less food. | QRSent-10209 | {
"effect_prop": "food",
"cause_dir_str": "less",
"effect_dir_str": "less",
"cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "photosynthesis"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more",
"less_effect_dir": "less",
"less_cause_prop": "plants",
"more_effect_prop": "food",
"less_effect_prop": "food",
"less_cause_dir": "food"
} |
QRQA-10038-4-flip | Eric hit a ball as soft as he could. The next time, he hits it hard. The ball accelerates _____ the second time. | {
"text": [
"more",
"less"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | The harder the batter hits the ball, the greater will be its acceleration. | QRSent-10038 | {
"effect_prop": "ball acceleration",
"cause_dir_str": "harder",
"effect_dir_str": "greater",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "harder the batter hits the ball"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more",
"less_effect_dir": "less",
"less_cause_prop": "hit",
"more_effect_prop": "accelerates",
"less_effect_prop": "accelerates",
"less_cause_dir": "accelerates"
} |
QRQA-10396-4-flip | If there were more dissolved carbon dioxide in ocean water, the ocean's rate of acidity would | {
"text": [
"increase",
"decrease"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | With higher levels of dissolved carbon dioxide in ocean water, the water becomes more acidic. | QRSent-10396 | {
"effect_prop": "acidity",
"cause_dir_str": "higher",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "carbon dioxide in ocean water"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increase",
"less_effect_dir": "decrease",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "acidity",
"less_effect_prop": "acidity",
"less_cause_dir": "acidity"
} |
QRQA-10089-4 | If Mona is building a new mirror and she wants it to refract more light, what should she do the surface of the lens? | {
"text": [
"make it more curved",
"make it less curved"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | The more curved the surface of a lens is, the more it refracts light. | QRSent-10089 | {
"effect_prop": "refracts light",
"cause_dir_str": "more curved",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "curved the surface of a lens"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more",
"less_effect_dir": "",
"less_cause_prop": "surface of the lens",
"more_effect_prop": "refract light",
"less_effect_prop": "",
"less_cause_dir": ""
} |
QRQA-10401-3-flip | If Mona is observing the atmosphere and measuring the amount of ozone in it, what happens to the amount of UV rays that will reach the ground if she notices the amount of ozone in the stratosphere is increasing? | {
"text": [
"increase",
"decrease"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | With less ozone in the stratosphere, more UV rays reach the ground. | QRSent-10401 | {
"effect_prop": "UV rays reach the ground",
"cause_dir_str": "less",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "ozone in the stratosphere"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increase",
"less_effect_dir": "decrease",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "amount of UV rays",
"less_effect_prop": "amount of UV rays",
"less_cause_dir": "amount of UV rays"
} |
QRQA-10086-1 | When at the beach, Erin knows that there is a high amplitude, so the waves will be | {
"text": [
"larger",
"smaller"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | The higher the crests of a wave are, the greater the amplitude. | QRSent-10086 | {
"effect_prop": "amplitude",
"cause_dir_str": "higher",
"effect_dir_str": "greater",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "wave crests"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "high",
"less_effect_dir": "",
"less_cause_prop": "waves",
"more_effect_prop": "amplitude",
"less_effect_prop": "",
"less_cause_dir": ""
} |
QRQA-10328-3-flip | If Mona is comparing two different reactants to use for starting her fire and she realizes that one reactant has a lower temperature then the other, what does that tell her about the amount of energy it contains? | {
"text": [
"higher",
"lower"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | At higher temperatures, particles of reactants have more energy, so they move faster. They are more likely to bump into one another and to collide with greater force. | QRSent-10328 | {
"effect_prop": "reactants have more energy",
"cause_dir_str": "higher",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "higher temperatures"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "higher",
"less_effect_dir": "lower",
"less_cause_prop": "temperature",
"more_effect_prop": "amount of energy",
"less_effect_prop": "amount of energy",
"less_cause_dir": "amount of energy"
} |
QRQA-10401-2-flip | What happens to UV levels away from the ozone hole? | {
"text": [
"increase",
"decrease"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | With less ozone in the stratosphere, more UV rays reach the ground. | QRSent-10401 | {
"effect_prop": "UV rays",
"cause_dir_str": "less",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "ozone"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increase",
"less_effect_dir": "decrease",
"less_cause_prop": "the ozone hole",
"more_effect_prop": "UV levels",
"less_effect_prop": "UV levels",
"less_cause_dir": "UV levels"
} |
QRQA-10355-1-flip | An object with a lesser mass than another will have _____ momentum. | {
"text": [
"less",
"more"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | An object has greater momentum if it has greater mass, greater velocity, or both. | QRSent-10355 | {
"effect_prop": "momentum",
"cause_dir_str": "greater",
"effect_dir_str": "greater",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "mass of an object"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more",
"less_effect_dir": "less",
"less_cause_prop": "mass",
"more_effect_prop": "momentum",
"less_effect_prop": "momentum",
"less_cause_dir": "momentum"
} |
QRQA-10366-2-flip | If Betty was younger her chances of contracting breast cancer would | {
"text": [
"increase",
"decrease"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | Breast cancer is rare in teens but becomes more common as females get older. | QRSent-10366 | {
"effect_prop": "Breast cancer",
"cause_dir_str": "older",
"effect_dir_str": "more common",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "females get older"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increase",
"less_effect_dir": "decrease",
"less_cause_prop": "Betty",
"more_effect_prop": "chances of contracting breast cancer",
"less_effect_prop": "chances of contracting breast cancer",
"less_cause_dir": "chances of contracting breast cancer"
} |
QRQA-10144-3 | A piece of granite is more resistant than soapstone therefore it will last | {
"text": [
"longer",
"shorter"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | Different types of rocks weather at different rates. More resistant types of rocks will remain longer. | QRSent-10144 | {
"effect_prop": "lifespan",
"cause_dir_str": "more resistant",
"effect_dir_str": "longer",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "resistant rocks"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "longer",
"less_effect_dir": "shorter",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "last",
"less_effect_prop": "last",
"less_cause_dir": "last"
} |
QRQA-10170-4 | When water absorbs salt the water becomes | {
"text": [
"more dense",
"less dense"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | If salt is added to a volume of water, there are more molecules in the same volume, so the water is denser. | QRSent-10170 | {
"effect_prop": "dense",
"cause_dir_str": "added",
"effect_dir_str": "denser",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "salt"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more",
"less_effect_dir": "less",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "dense",
"less_effect_prop": "dense",
"less_cause_dir": "dense"
} |
QRQA-10057-3-flip | John was watching the car being built. He observed that the smaller the body size, the surface area to volume ration | {
"text": [
"Increased",
"Decreased"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | Size restriction: The final body size is limited because as the body size increases, the surface area to volume ratio decreases. | QRSent-10057 | {
"effect_prop": "surface area",
"cause_dir_str": "increases",
"effect_dir_str": "decreases",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "size"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "Increased",
"less_effect_dir": "Decreased",
"less_cause_prop": "body size",
"more_effect_prop": "surface area",
"less_effect_prop": "surface area",
"less_cause_dir": "surface area"
} |
QRQA-10096-3 | If cancer is detected early and treatment immediately begins, the chances of a cure would be | {
"text": [
"increased",
"decreased"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | The sooner cancer is treated, the greater the chances of a cure. | QRSent-10096 | {
"effect_prop": "the chances of a cure",
"cause_dir_str": "sooner",
"effect_dir_str": "greater",
"cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "time elapsed to treat cancer"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increased",
"less_effect_dir": "decreased",
"less_cause_prop": "treatment",
"more_effect_prop": "chances of a cure",
"less_effect_prop": "chances of a cure",
"less_cause_dir": "chances of a cure"
} |
QRQA-10175-2-flip | The _____ waters have the least dissolved oxygen. | {
"text": [
"warmest",
"coldest"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | Warm water cant hold as much dissolved oxygen as cool water, so an increase in the temperature of water decreases the amount of oxygen it contains. | QRSent-10175 | {
"effect_prop": "oxygen in water",
"cause_dir_str": "increase",
"effect_dir_str": "decrease",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "water temperature"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "",
"less_effect_dir": "least",
"less_cause_prop": "waters",
"more_effect_prop": "",
"less_effect_prop": "oxygen",
"less_cause_dir": "oxygen"
} |
QRQA-10016-5-flip | When you remove your finger from the tip of a hose the rate of flow | {
"text": [
"increases",
"decreases."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | We also saw that adding resistors to a series circuit increases the total resistance of the circuit, causing the current to decrease. | QRSent-10016 | {
"effect_prop": "current",
"cause_dir_str": "adding",
"effect_dir_str": "decrease",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "resistance"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increases",
"less_effect_dir": "decreases",
"less_cause_prop": "tip of hose",
"more_effect_prop": "rate of flow",
"less_effect_prop": "rate of flow",
"less_cause_dir": "rate of flow"
} |
QRQA-10063-1 | Lana is zapping things with light of varying wavelengths. When she zaps things with shorter wavelength light, the energy imparted is | {
"text": [
"greater",
"lesser"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | Waves with shorter wavelengths have more energy. | QRSent-10063 | {
"effect_prop": "energy",
"cause_dir_str": "shorter",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "wavelengths"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "greater",
"less_effect_dir": "lesser",
"less_cause_prop": "wavelength light",
"more_effect_prop": "energy",
"less_effect_prop": "energy",
"less_cause_dir": "energy"
} |
QRQA-10025-2 | Uganda is poorer than the US, so it likely uses _____ fossil fuels compared to Uganda. | {
"text": [
"more",
"fewer"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | Richer nations use far more energy resources, especially fossil fuels, than poorer nations do. | QRSent-10025 | {
"effect_prop": "use energy resources, especially fossil fuels",
"cause_dir_str": "richer",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "richer nations"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more fossil fuels",
"less_effect_dir": "fewer fossil fuels",
"less_cause_prop": "Uganda",
"more_effect_prop": "Uganda",
"less_effect_prop": "Uganda",
"less_cause_dir": "Uganda"
} |
QRQA-10297-4-flip | Reid notices that tributary glaciers make U-shaped valleys when flowing. A small valley was likely caused by a _____ tributary glacier. | {
"text": [
"small",
"large"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | Smaller tributary glaciers, like tributary streams, flow into the main glacier in their own shallower U-shaped valleys. | QRSent-10297 | {
"effect_prop": "U-shaped valley",
"cause_dir_str": "smaller",
"effect_dir_str": "shallower",
"cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "tributary glaciers"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "",
"less_effect_dir": "small",
"less_cause_prop": "tributary glacier",
"more_effect_prop": "",
"less_effect_prop": "U-shaped valley",
"less_cause_dir": "U-shaped valley"
} |
QRQA-10354-3 | James wants to create a solution that is more acidic than others, so his concentration of hydrogen ions will be | {
"text": [
"higher",
"lower"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | With a higher the concentration of hydrogen ions, a solution is more acidic and has a lower pH. | QRSent-10354 | {
"effect_prop": "acidic solution",
"cause_dir_str": "higher",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "concentration of hydrogen ions"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more acidic",
"less_effect_dir": "",
"less_cause_prop": "concentration of hydrogen ions",
"more_effect_prop": "solution",
"less_effect_prop": "",
"less_cause_dir": ""
} |
QRQA-10237-1 | Joe noticed that the humidity inside the greenhouse was getting very high, so he opened the roof to let cooler air inside. Thus, when the water potential gradient across the inside and outside of the leaf becomes equal, the rate of transpiration will | {
"text": [
"increase",
"decrease."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | As humidity increases, the water potential gradient across the inside and outside the leaf become more equal, and so the rate of transpiration decreases. | QRSent-10237 | {
"effect_prop": "rate of transpiration",
"cause_dir_str": "increases",
"effect_dir_str": "decreases",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "humidity"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increase",
"less_effect_dir": "decrease",
"less_cause_prop": "greenhouse",
"more_effect_prop": "rate of transpiration",
"less_effect_prop": "rate of transpiration",
"less_cause_dir": "rate of transpiration"
} |
QRQA-10194-1-flip | Compared to vinegar, which is an acid, would lye, which is a weak base, have a pH value that is | {
"text": [
"higher",
"lower?"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | Bases have pH values above 7. The higher the pH value, the more strongly basic the substance. | QRSent-10194 | {
"effect_prop": "strength of the base",
"cause_dir_str": "higher",
"effect_dir_str": "more strongly",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "pH value"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "",
"less_effect_dir": "weak",
"less_cause_prop": "ph value",
"more_effect_prop": "",
"less_effect_prop": "base",
"less_cause_dir": "base"
} |
QRQA-10135-3-flip | Ease of mobility _____ when the animal is decreased in size. | {
"text": [
"increase",
"decrease"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | The larger the animal, the heavier the exoskeleton, making movement more difficult. | QRSent-10135 | {
"effect_prop": "mobility",
"cause_dir_str": "larger",
"effect_dir_str": "more difficult",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "animal"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increase",
"less_effect_dir": "decrease",
"less_cause_prop": "animal size",
"more_effect_prop": "mobility",
"less_effect_prop": "mobility",
"less_cause_dir": "mobility"
} |
QRQA-10216-5-flip | If Mona is spinning some wire at her job and she makes the wire thicker, what happens to the ease at which electrons can pass through that wire? | {
"text": [
"easier",
"harder"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | A thinner wire is more difficult for electrons to move through than a thicker wire. | QRSent-10216 | {
"effect_prop": "difficult for electrons to move through",
"cause_dir_str": "thinner",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "thinner wire"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "easier",
"less_effect_dir": "harder",
"less_cause_prop": "wire",
"more_effect_prop": "pass through that wire",
"less_effect_prop": "pass through that wire",
"less_cause_dir": "pass through that wire"
} |
QRQA-10365-4-flip | Josh is a runner and travels through a rainy area to where it is more sunny. Which area likely experience less chemical weathering? | {
"text": [
"the rainy area",
"the sunny area"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | Chemical weathering increases as: Temperature increases: Chemical reactions proceed more rapidly at higher temperatures. | QRSent-10365 | {
"effect_prop": "chemical weathering",
"cause_dir_str": "increases",
"effect_dir_str": "increases",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "temperature in atmosphere"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "",
"less_effect_dir": "less",
"less_cause_prop": "area",
"more_effect_prop": "",
"less_effect_prop": "chemical weathering",
"less_cause_dir": "chemical weathering"
} |
QRQA-10332-5 | An isomer with less branching than another will have a _____ melting point. | {
"text": [
"higher",
"lower"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | The more branching there is in isomers, the lower the boiling and melting points are. | QRSent-10332 | {
"effect_prop": "boiling and melting points",
"cause_dir_str": "more",
"effect_dir_str": "lower",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "branching in isomers"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "higher",
"less_effect_dir": "lower",
"less_cause_prop": "isomer",
"more_effect_prop": "melting point",
"less_effect_prop": "melting point",
"less_cause_dir": "melting point"
} |
QRQA-10194-1 | Compared to vinegar, which is an acid, would lye, which is a strong base, have a pH value that is | {
"text": [
"higher",
"lower?"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | Bases have pH values above 7. The higher the pH value, the more strongly basic the substance. | QRSent-10194 | {
"effect_prop": "strength of the base",
"cause_dir_str": "higher",
"effect_dir_str": "more strongly",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "pH value"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "strong",
"less_effect_dir": "",
"less_cause_prop": "ph value",
"more_effect_prop": "base",
"less_effect_prop": "",
"less_cause_dir": ""
} |
QRQA-10040-3 | Jim loves to listen to the radio. If he turns the volume up high the amount of time he can listen to the music before experiencing hearing loss | {
"text": [
"increases",
"decreases"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | The louder the sounds are, the less exposure is needed to cause hearing loss. | QRSent-10040 | {
"effect_prop": "exposure is needed to cause hearing loss",
"cause_dir_str": "louder",
"effect_dir_str": "less",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "ouder the sounds are"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increases",
"less_effect_dir": "decreases",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "exposure",
"less_effect_prop": "exposure",
"less_cause_dir": "exposure"
} |
QRQA-10089-2 | Dave was looking lenses for his new digital camera. He saw on the specifications that the more curved the lens is, the amount of light refracted | {
"text": [
"increases",
"decreases"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | The more curved the surface of a lens is, the more it refracts light. | QRSent-10089 | {
"effect_prop": "refract",
"cause_dir_str": "more curved",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "curved"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increases",
"less_effect_dir": "decreases",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "light refracted",
"less_effect_prop": "light refracted",
"less_cause_dir": "light refracted"
} |
QRQA-10165-1-flip | Fran stayed indoors while Geremy went in the sun. Who is less likely to get skin cancer? | {
"text": [
"Fran",
"Geremy"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | More UV rays increase skin cancer rates. | QRSent-10165 | {
"effect_prop": "skin cancer rates",
"cause_dir_str": "more",
"effect_dir_str": "increase",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "UV rays"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "",
"less_effect_dir": "less",
"less_cause_prop": "indoors",
"more_effect_prop": "",
"less_effect_prop": "likely to get skin cancer",
"less_cause_dir": "likely to get skin cancer"
} |
QRQA-10141-2 | Olivia has a miniature resistor and a normal sized one. Which resistor offers more resistance? | {
"text": [
"the miniature resistor",
"the normal resistor"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | Longer length resistors will offer more resistance than shorter resistors. | QRSent-10141 | {
"effect_prop": "resistance available",
"cause_dir_str": "longer",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "resistor length"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more",
"less_effect_dir": "",
"less_cause_prop": "resistor",
"more_effect_prop": "resistance",
"less_effect_prop": "",
"less_cause_dir": ""
} |
QRQA-10204-4 | Jimbo was playing with magnetic field lines by manipulating them. If he moves the field lines closer together, what happens to the strength of the field? | {
"text": [
"increases",
"decreases"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | The closer the field lines are drawn together, the stronger the field being described. | QRSent-10204 | {
"effect_prop": "stronger the field",
"cause_dir_str": "closer",
"effect_dir_str": "stronger",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "closer the field lines"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "More",
"less_effect_dir": "Farther",
"less_cause_prop": "Strength",
"more_effect_prop": "Closer",
"less_effect_prop": "Away",
"less_cause_dir": "Away"
} |
QRQA-10090-2 | Dean wants to melt chocolate to drink in his milk. He puts a big piece of chocolate in, and a small piece of chocolate in. The piece with more surface area, which will melt first, is the piece that is | {
"text": [
"bigger",
"smaller"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | It would be hard to get a big chunk of chocolate to dissolve in your milk or hot water. Maybe you could make hot chocolate from some smaller pieces like chocolate chips, but it is much easier to add a powder to your milk. This is because the smaller the pieces are, the more surface area they have. | QRSent-10090 | {
"effect_prop": "surface area",
"cause_dir_str": "smaller",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "pieces"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more",
"less_effect_dir": "",
"less_cause_prop": "piece",
"more_effect_prop": "surface area",
"less_effect_prop": "",
"less_cause_dir": ""
} |
QRQA-10337-1 | Air pressure inside the lungs will _____ when one breathes in deeply. | {
"text": [
"increase",
"decrease"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | Inhaling, or breathing in, increases the size of the chest, which decreases air pressure inside the lungs. | QRSent-10337 | {
"effect_prop": "air pressure inside the lungs",
"cause_dir_str": "increases",
"effect_dir_str": "decreases",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "size of a chest"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increase",
"less_effect_dir": "decrease",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "Air pressure",
"less_effect_prop": "Air pressure",
"less_cause_dir": "Air pressure"
} |
QRQA-10086-5-flip | A wave that decreases in height will _____ in amplitude. | {
"text": [
"increase",
"decrease"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | The higher the crests of a wave are, the greater the amplitude. | QRSent-10086 | {
"effect_prop": "amplitude",
"cause_dir_str": "higher",
"effect_dir_str": "greater",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "wave's crests"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increase",
"less_effect_dir": "decrease",
"less_cause_prop": "height",
"more_effect_prop": "amplitude",
"less_effect_prop": "amplitude",
"less_cause_dir": "amplitude"
} |
QRQA-10266-1-flip | Marco needs to dig a well in his backyard, but the water table is very low. The energy that it will take to dig a shallow well is | {
"text": [
"great",
"small"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | As the water is pumped out, the water table slowly falls, requiring wells to be dug deeper, which takes more money and energy. | QRSent-10266 | {
"effect_prop": "energy",
"cause_dir_str": "deeper",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "deepness"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "great",
"less_effect_dir": "small",
"less_cause_prop": "well",
"more_effect_prop": "energy",
"less_effect_prop": "energy",
"less_cause_dir": "energy"
} |
QRQA-10026-5 | Fred found a longitudinal wave. The particles are getting closer together. The amplitude is | {
"text": [
"increasing",
"decreasing"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | The closer together the particles in a longitudinal wave are, the greater the amplitude. | QRSent-10026 | {
"effect_prop": "amplitude in a longitudinal wave",
"cause_dir_str": "closer",
"effect_dir_str": "greater",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "closer together the particles"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increasing",
"less_effect_dir": "decreasing",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "amplitude",
"less_effect_prop": "amplitude",
"less_cause_dir": "amplitude"
} |
QRQA-10043-4 | If we tested a solution and it was 12 on the pH scale it would be | {
"text": [
"acidic",
"basic"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | The closer to pH 14, the more strongly basic the solution. | QRSent-10043 | {
"effect_prop": "basic",
"cause_dir_str": "closer",
"effect_dir_str": "more strongly",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "pH number on the scale"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "",
"less_effect_dir": "",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "acidic",
"less_effect_prop": "basic",
"less_cause_dir": "basic"
} |
QRQA-10247-3-flip | Mona is a puppy. As she grows older and her bones get smaller, what happens to her ability to take care of herself? | {
"text": [
"increases",
"decreases"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | As animals grow their bones get longer and bigger, they grow more hair, and are able to take care of themselves by getting food, shelter, and water. | QRSent-10247 | {
"effect_prop": "able to take care of themselves",
"cause_dir_str": "longer",
"effect_dir_str": "",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "bones get longer"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increases",
"less_effect_dir": "decreases",
"less_cause_prop": "bones",
"more_effect_prop": "ability to take care of herself",
"less_effect_prop": "ability to take care of herself",
"less_cause_dir": "ability to take care of herself"
} |
QRQA-10010-5 | Tinna held two magnets apart and felt _____ force. | {
"text": [
"more",
"less"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | The gravitational force between two objects decreases as the objects move further apart. | QRSent-10010 | {
"effect_prop": "Distance between objects",
"cause_dir_str": "decreases",
"effect_dir_str": "further",
"cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "Gravitational force"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "held apart",
"less_effect_dir": "",
"less_cause_prop": "force",
"more_effect_prop": "magnets",
"less_effect_prop": "",
"less_cause_dir": ""
} |
QRQA-10018-5 | Ron went to the gym and lifted weights for the first time. If he keeps going consistently, his muscles will likely | {
"text": [
"grow",
"shrink"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | Anaerobic exercises cause muscles to get bigger and stronger. | QRSent-10018 | {
"effect_prop": "muscles to get bigger",
"cause_dir_str": "",
"effect_dir_str": "bigger and stronger",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "Anaerobic exercises"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "grow",
"less_effect_dir": "shrink",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "his muscles",
"less_effect_prop": "his muscles",
"less_cause_dir": "his muscles"
} |
QRQA-10340-2-flip | A country like the US burns more fossil fuels than a third world country. This means that a richer country causes _____ pollution than a third world country. | {
"text": [
"more",
"less"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | Because richer nations use more fossil fuels, they also cause more air pollution and global warming than poorer nations do. | QRSent-10340 | {
"effect_prop": "pollution",
"cause_dir_str": "richer",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "money a nation has"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more",
"less_effect_dir": "less",
"less_cause_prop": "country",
"more_effect_prop": "pollution",
"less_effect_prop": "pollution",
"less_cause_dir": "pollution"
} |
QRQA-10343-5 | John was testing a radio wave and had an interesting finding. The longer the wavelength was, the frequency became | {
"text": [
"Higher",
"Lower"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | Longer wavelength electromagnetic waves have lower frequencies, and shorter wavelength waves have higher frequencies. | QRSent-10343 | {
"effect_prop": "frequencies",
"cause_dir_str": "longer",
"effect_dir_str": "lower",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "wavelengths"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "higher",
"less_effect_dir": "lower",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "frequency",
"less_effect_prop": "frequency",
"less_cause_dir": "frequency"
} |
QRQA-10193-4-flip | A smaller wave on the ocean has _____ strength than a bigger wave. | {
"text": [
"more",
"less"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | Bigger waves have more energy. | QRSent-10193 | {
"effect_prop": "energy in it",
"cause_dir_str": "bigger",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "wave size"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more",
"less_effect_dir": "less",
"less_cause_prop": "wave",
"more_effect_prop": "strength",
"less_effect_prop": "strength",
"less_cause_dir": "strength"
} |
QRQA-10217-3-flip | If Ed removes a resistor to the circuit, the resistance will be | {
"text": [
"greater",
"lower."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | As more resistors are added in series, the total resistance of the circuit increases. | QRSent-10217 | {
"effect_prop": "resitances",
"cause_dir_str": "more",
"effect_dir_str": "increases",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "resistors"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "greater",
"less_effect_dir": "lower",
"less_cause_prop": "resistor",
"more_effect_prop": "resistance",
"less_effect_prop": "resistance",
"less_cause_dir": "resistance"
} |
QRQA-10092-3 | Jeffrey added more and more dough to the recipe. As he adds more, the force of attraction the dough is capable of | {
"text": [
"increases",
"decreases"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | The greater the objects mass, the greater the force of attraction; in addition, the greater the distance between objects, the smaller the force of attraction. | QRSent-10092 | {
"effect_prop": "force of attraction",
"cause_dir_str": "greater",
"effect_dir_str": "greater",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "objects mass"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increases",
"less_effect_dir": "decreases",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "force of attraction",
"less_effect_prop": "force of attraction",
"less_cause_dir": "force of attraction"
} |
QRQA-10230-4 | If Mona is building a lens for looking at the stars and she wants to make sure it refracts more light then the one she previously built, will she need to make the surface more or less curved then the one before? | {
"text": [
"less",
"more"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | The more curved the surface of a lens is, the more it refracts the light that passes through it. | QRSent-10230 | {
"effect_prop": "it refracts the light",
"cause_dir_str": "more curved",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "curved the surface of a lens is"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "reflacts more light",
"less_effect_dir": "",
"less_cause_prop": "curved",
"more_effect_prop": "lens",
"less_effect_prop": "the one she previously built",
"less_cause_dir": "the one she previously built"
} |
QRQA-10183-3-flip | Kevin lives in a city with 5000 people. Will lives in a city with 100 people. Whose city likely cleared more land for agriculture/development? | {
"text": [
"Kevin",
"Will"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | More people also means more clearing of land for agriculture and development. | QRSent-10183 | {
"effect_prop": "clearing of land for agriculture and development",
"cause_dir_str": "more",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "people"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more",
"less_effect_dir": "",
"less_cause_prop": "people",
"more_effect_prop": "land",
"less_effect_prop": "",
"less_cause_dir": ""
} |
QRQA-10332-2-flip | Steel has a _____ melting point than lead because it has less branching. | {
"text": [
"lower",
"higher"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | The more branching there is in isomers, the lower the boiling and melting points are. | QRSent-10332 | {
"effect_prop": "melting",
"cause_dir_str": "more",
"effect_dir_str": "lower",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "branching"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "higher",
"less_effect_dir": "lower",
"less_cause_prop": "branching",
"more_effect_prop": "melting point",
"less_effect_prop": "melting point",
"less_cause_dir": "melting point"
} |
QRQA-10401-4 | As ozone is depleted from the stratosphere, we can expect to have _____ UV rays on the ground. | {
"text": [
"more",
"less"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | With less ozone in the stratosphere, more UV rays reach the ground. | QRSent-10401 | {
"effect_prop": "UV rays reach ground",
"cause_dir_str": "less",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "ozone in stratosphere"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more",
"less_effect_dir": "less",
"less_cause_prop": "ozone",
"more_effect_prop": "UV rays",
"less_effect_prop": "UV rays",
"less_cause_dir": "UV rays"
} |
QRQA-10289-1 | Jon was jogging, and slowing down his pace. His heart is beating _____. | {
"text": [
"more",
"less"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | When the heart expels more blood with each stroke, the heart has to beat less often in order to maintain the same volume of blood flow. | QRSent-10289 | {
"effect_prop": "Beats",
"cause_dir_str": "more",
"effect_dir_str": "less often",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "Expelled blood"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more",
"less_effect_dir": "less",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "beating",
"less_effect_prop": "beating",
"less_cause_dir": "beating"
} |
QRQA-10318-3-flip | A strong electromagnet is receiving _____ current. | {
"text": [
"much",
"little"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | The more current, the stronger the electromagnet. | QRSent-10318 | {
"effect_prop": "electromagnet strength",
"cause_dir_str": "more",
"effect_dir_str": "stronger",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "current"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "strong",
"less_effect_dir": "",
"less_cause_prop": "current",
"more_effect_prop": "electromagnet",
"less_effect_prop": "",
"less_cause_dir": ""
} |
QRQA-10374-1-flip | As a balloon inflates there is _____ air pressure forcing air out. | {
"text": [
"more",
"less"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | Exhaling, or breathing out, decreases the size of the chest, which increases air pressure inside the lungs. | QRSent-10374 | {
"effect_prop": "air pressure",
"cause_dir_str": "decreases",
"effect_dir_str": "increases",
"cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "size"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more",
"less_effect_dir": "less",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "air pressure",
"less_effect_prop": "air pressure",
"less_cause_dir": "air pressure"
} |
QRQA-10320-3-flip | Jeff put a rock under very minimal metamorphosis. The rock probably _____ its original form. | {
"text": [
"resembles",
"does not resemble"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | The more extreme the amount of metamorphism, the more difficult it is to tell what the original rock was. | QRSent-10320 | {
"effect_prop": "more difficult it is to tell what the original rock was.",
"cause_dir_str": "more extreme",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "extreme the amount of metamorphism"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "resembles",
"less_effect_dir": "does not resemble",
"less_cause_prop": "metamorphosis",
"more_effect_prop": "original form",
"less_effect_prop": "original form",
"less_cause_dir": "original form"
} |
QRQA-10012-5 | Tony drives an SUV that contributes many greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Evan rides a scooter that contributes few greenhouses gases to the atmosphere. Who likely contributes more to the Earth heating up? | {
"text": [
"Tony",
"Evan"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | If there are more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, more ultraviolet radiation will be trapped and the Earth will heat up. | QRSent-10012 | {
"effect_prop": "more ultraviolet radiation will be trapped and the Earth will heat up",
"cause_dir_str": "more",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "greenhouse gases in the atmosphere"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "contributes more",
"less_effect_dir": "",
"less_cause_prop": "greenhouse gases",
"more_effect_prop": "Earth heating up",
"less_effect_prop": "",
"less_cause_dir": ""
} |
QRQA-10362-1 | If a bright light were shined in a person's eye, would their pupil size | {
"text": [
"grow",
"shrink?"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | The pupil automatically gets bigger or smaller to let more or less light in as needed. | QRSent-10362 | {
"effect_prop": "light admitted to the eye",
"cause_dir_str": "bigger",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "pupil size"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "bright",
"less_effect_dir": "",
"less_cause_prop": "pupil size",
"more_effect_prop": "light",
"less_effect_prop": "",
"less_cause_dir": ""
} |
QRQA-10119-2 | Tina goes to the hot sauna. Her temperature increases, so the particles in her body will move | {
"text": [
"slower",
"faster"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | The higher the temperature, the more energy the particles have and the faster they will move and diffuse. | QRSent-10119 | {
"effect_prop": "energy particles have",
"cause_dir_str": "higher",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "temperatures"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "",
"less_effect_dir": "",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "",
"less_effect_prop": "",
"less_cause_dir": ""
} |
QRQA-10003-2-flip | Noah has noticed that the galaxies are contracting. This will make the galaxies | {
"text": [
"nearer",
"further apart."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | As the Universe expands, galaxies move further and further apart. | QRSent-10003 | {
"effect_prop": "distance",
"cause_dir_str": "expands",
"effect_dir_str": "further and further",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "expansion"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "further apart",
"less_effect_dir": "nearer",
"less_cause_prop": "glgaxies",
"more_effect_prop": "distance",
"less_effect_prop": "distance",
"less_cause_dir": "distance"
} |
QRQA-10224-4-flip | Ian's town had more deaths this year since the food supply changed, which means that this year the food amounts were | {
"text": [
"increased",
"decreased"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | More recently, the death rate has fallen because of the availability of more food and medical advances. | QRSent-10224 | {
"effect_prop": "food",
"cause_dir_str": "fallen",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "death rate"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increased",
"less_effect_dir": "decreased",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "food amounts",
"less_effect_prop": "food amounts",
"less_cause_dir": "food amounts"
} |
QRQA-10162-5 | When you dive deeper into the ocean pressure | {
"text": [
"decreases",
"increases"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | A fluid exerts pressure in all directions, but the pressure is greater at greater depth. | QRSent-10162 | {
"effect_prop": "pressure",
"cause_dir_str": "greater",
"effect_dir_str": "greater",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "depth"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "More",
"less_effect_dir": "",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "Depth",
"less_effect_prop": "",
"less_cause_dir": ""
} |
QRQA-10393-4 | Derek is noting how close particles are, and sees that they are very close. Since the particles are so close, the amplitude of the wave will be | {
"text": [
"greater",
"lesser"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | The closer together the particles are, the greater the amplitude of the wave. | QRSent-10393 | {
"effect_prop": "amplitude of wave",
"cause_dir_str": "closer",
"effect_dir_str": "greater",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "close"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "greater",
"less_effect_dir": "lesser",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "amplitude of the wave",
"less_effect_prop": "amplitude of the wave",
"less_cause_dir": "amplitude of the wave"
} |
QRQA-10398-2-flip | Water falling down a small hill will move | {
"text": [
"slower",
"faster"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | Water flowing over a steeper slope moves faster and causes more erosion. | QRSent-10398 | {
"effect_prop": "water speed",
"cause_dir_str": "steeper",
"effect_dir_str": "faster",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "slope steepness"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "faster",
"less_effect_dir": "slower",
"less_cause_prop": "hill",
"more_effect_prop": "water falling",
"less_effect_prop": "water falling",
"less_cause_dir": "water falling"
} |
QRQA-10021-1-flip | Ramon was 20 years old and visiting his doctor. He wondered about his cardiovascular disease risk. The doctor said his risk is _____. | {
"text": [
"lower",
"higher"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | Older age, male gender, and a family history of cardiovascular disease all increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and cant be controlled. | QRSent-10021 | {
"effect_prop": "Risk",
"cause_dir_str": "older",
"effect_dir_str": "increase",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "Age"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "higher",
"less_effect_dir": "lower",
"less_cause_prop": "years old",
"more_effect_prop": "risk",
"less_effect_prop": "risk",
"less_cause_dir": "risk"
} |
QRQA-10104-1-flip | What would happen to the speed of Earth's orbit if our planet were to move farther from the Sun? | {
"text": [
"increased speed",
"decreased speed"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | The Earth travels faster in its elliptical orbit when it is closer to the Sun than when it is farther away. | QRSent-10104 | {
"effect_prop": "faster orbit speed",
"cause_dir_str": "closer",
"effect_dir_str": "faster",
"cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "distance from sun"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increased",
"less_effect_dir": "decreased",
"less_cause_prop": "our planet",
"more_effect_prop": "speed of Earth's orbit",
"less_effect_prop": "speed of Earth's orbit",
"less_cause_dir": "speed of Earth's orbit"
} |
QRQA-10088-2-flip | When we are building a computer if we want to lower resistance we need | {
"text": [
"more resistors",
"fewer resistors"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | Increasing the number of resistors in a series circuit increases the overall resistance of the circuit. | QRSent-10088 | {
"effect_prop": "resistance",
"cause_dir_str": "increasing",
"effect_dir_str": "increasing",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "resistors"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "",
"less_effect_dir": "lower",
"less_cause_prop": "resistors",
"more_effect_prop": "",
"less_effect_prop": "resistance",
"less_cause_dir": "resistance"
} |
QRQA-10064-1 | Ian sees an object with many colliding particles, and he compares it to another object with few colliding particles. Which is true about the objects? | {
"text": [
"the object with many colliding particles has a lower concentration of particles",
"the object with many colliding particles has a higher concentration of particles"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | At higher concentrations, particles of reactants are crowded closer together, so they are more likely to collide and react. | QRSent-10064 | {
"effect_prop": "likely to collide and react",
"cause_dir_str": "higher",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "concentrations of particles"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "higher concentration",
"less_effect_dir": "lower concentration",
"less_cause_prop": "particles",
"more_effect_prop": "particles",
"less_effect_prop": "particles",
"less_cause_dir": "particles"
} |
QRQA-10059-5 | Rachel was looking into the night sky. The brightest star is most likely: | {
"text": [
"the hottest",
"the coldest"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | The hotter a main sequence star is, the brighter it is. | QRSent-10059 | {
"effect_prop": "brightness of star",
"cause_dir_str": "hotter",
"effect_dir_str": "brighter",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "heat of star"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "brightest",
"less_effect_dir": "",
"less_cause_prop": "star",
"more_effect_prop": "star",
"less_effect_prop": "",
"less_cause_dir": ""
} |
QRQA-10319-2-flip | Dana wants the gas to move with as little energy as possible so the particles can move slowly. Dana will then do this to the gas | {
"text": [
"cool",
"heat"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | If the gas is heated, the particles will move faster as they gain more energy. | QRSent-10319 | {
"effect_prop": "energy",
"cause_dir_str": "heated",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "heat"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "",
"less_effect_dir": "with as little as possible",
"less_cause_prop": "gas",
"more_effect_prop": "",
"less_effect_prop": "energy",
"less_cause_dir": "energy"
} |
QRQA-10062-5-flip | Dawn is screwing in a screw so she can hang a picture on the wall. Because the threads are so far apart, the force that Dawn must apply to get the screw into the wall is | {
"text": [
"greater",
"lesser"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | The trade-off when the threads are closer together, is that more turns of the screw or bolt are needed to do the job because the distance over which the input force must be applied is greater. | QRSent-10062 | {
"effect_prop": "input force",
"cause_dir_str": "more",
"effect_dir_str": "",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "turns of the screw"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "greater",
"less_effect_dir": "lesser",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "force",
"less_effect_prop": "force",
"less_cause_dir": "force"
} |
QRQA-10344-1-flip | In science class, kids learned about how when atoms are smaller, the distance between the valence electrons and the nucleus is | {
"text": [
"bigger",
"smaller"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | In bigger atoms, valence electrons are farther from the nucleus. | QRSent-10344 | {
"effect_prop": "distance",
"cause_dir_str": "bigger",
"effect_dir_str": "farther",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "atoms"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "bigger",
"less_effect_dir": "smaller",
"less_cause_prop": "atoms",
"more_effect_prop": "distance",
"less_effect_prop": "distance",
"less_cause_dir": "distance"
} |
QRQA-10170-2 | If Milo wants to make his water saltier and begins adding salt to the glass, what happens to the density of the glass of water? | {
"text": [
"decreases",
"increases"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | If salt is added to a volume of water, there are more molecules in the same volume, so the water is denser. | QRSent-10170 | {
"effect_prop": "water is denser",
"cause_dir_str": "added",
"effect_dir_str": "denser",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "salt is added to a volume of water"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increases",
"less_effect_dir": "decreases",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "density",
"less_effect_prop": "density",
"less_cause_dir": "density"
} |