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QRQA-10066-1
John is playing around with different temperature settings on his bunsen burner. If he heats up a gas in the burner and then lets the gas cool down, what would happen to the gas particles as the temperature got lower?
{ "text": [ "they would slow down", "they would speed up" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
If the gas is cooled, the particles will move more slowly, because they will have less energy.
QRSent-10066
{ "effect_prop": "particle movement", "cause_dir_str": "cooled", "effect_dir_str": "more slowly", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "gas temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "speed up", "less_effect_dir": "slow down", "less_cause_prop": "gas", "more_effect_prop": "gas particles", "less_effect_prop": "gas particles", "less_cause_dir": "gas particles" }
QRQA-10235-3-flip
A small nation decided to lower its production capabilities and shut down several large factories. Would the river next to the factories have
{ "text": [ "more hazardous waste", "less hazardous waste?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Nations that have more industry produce more hazardous waste.
QRSent-10235
{ "effect_prop": "hazardous waste", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "industry" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "large factories", "more_effect_prop": "hazardous waste", "less_effect_prop": "hazardous waste", "less_cause_dir": "hazardous waste" }
QRQA-10013-4-flip
What happens to the pressure inside of Jim's beaker if he decreases the amount of collisions between particles inside of it?
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
More particles inside the container means more collisions, and more collisions mean a higher pressure.
QRSent-10013
{ "effect_prop": "pressure", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "collisions" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "collisions between particles", "more_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_cause_dir": "pressure" }
QRQA-10127-5
Does a car with an 8 cylinder engine have more power or less power than a 4 cylinder engine.
{ "text": [ "More", "Less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more cylinders a car engine has, the more powerful its engine can be.
QRSent-10127
{ "effect_prop": "power", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "cylinder" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "cylinder", "more_effect_prop": "power", "less_effect_prop": "power", "less_cause_dir": "power" }
QRQA-10218-3
If current is increasing, there must be _____ resistance in the circuit.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
We can say that resistance and current in an electric circuit areinversely proportional, because as the one increases, the other decreases, and vice versa.
QRSent-10218
{ "effect_prop": "current", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "resistance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increasing", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "resistance", "more_effect_prop": "current", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10221-4
A farmer, using the newest farming practices, can expect to grow _____ crops.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
More advanced farming practices allowed a single farmer to grow food for many more people.
QRSent-10221
{ "effect_prop": "food", "cause_dir_str": "more advanced", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "advanced farming practices" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "crops", "less_effect_prop": "crops", "less_cause_dir": "crops" }
QRQA-10382-2
Mona is sitting at the beach watching the waves. If the wind starts blowing faster, what will happen to the size of the waves?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The faster, longer, and farther the wind blows, the bigger the waves are.
QRSent-10382
{ "effect_prop": "bigger the waves are", "cause_dir_str": "faster, longer, and farther", "effect_dir_str": "bigger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "farther the wind blows" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "waves", "less_effect_prop": "waves", "less_cause_dir": "waves" }
QRQA-10230-5
A pair of lenses on glasses that are curved would refract
{ "text": [ "less light", "more light" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more curved the surface of a lens is, the more it refracts the light that passes through it.
QRSent-10230
{ "effect_prop": "light refracted", "cause_dir_str": "more curved", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "curve" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "refract light", "less_effect_prop": "refract light", "less_cause_dir": "refract light" }
QRQA-10318-5
John started measuring the current, and notices that as the current got stronger the electromagnet became
{ "text": [ "Weaker", "Stronger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more current, the stronger the electromagnet.
QRSent-10318
{ "effect_prop": "electromagnet", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "current" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stronger", "less_effect_dir": "weaker", "less_cause_prop": "electromagnet", "more_effect_prop": "current", "less_effect_prop": "current", "less_cause_dir": "current" }
QRQA-10255-1-flip
If Milo removes mass from an object, what will happen to the force of gravity that object generates?
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Objects with greater mass have a stronger force of gravity.
QRSent-10255
{ "effect_prop": "force of gravity", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "object", "more_effect_prop": "force of gravity", "less_effect_prop": "force of gravity", "less_cause_dir": "force of gravity" }
QRQA-10030-3
As the pressure in the atmosphere rises, the air temperature gets
{ "text": [ "warmer", "cooler or" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Increasing air temperature decreases atmospheric pressure.
QRSent-10030
{ "effect_prop": "atmospheric pressure", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "air temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "rises", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "air temperature", "more_effect_prop": "pressure in the atmosphere", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10260-5-flip
If Jim decreased the speed of water flowing out of his bathroom tap, what would happen to the amount of energy being transferred by the water?
{ "text": [ "would increase", "would decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Faster-moving water has more energy.
QRSent-10260
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Faster-moving water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "speed", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10025-1
Between the United States, the richest nation in the world, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, the poorest nation in the world, which uses more gasoline per capita,
{ "text": [ "the people in the United States", "the people in the Democratic Republic of Congo?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Richer nations use far more energy resources, especially fossil fuels, than poorer nations do.
QRSent-10025
{ "effect_prop": "use of fossil fuels", "cause_dir_str": "richer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wealth of a country" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "nation", "more_effect_prop": "gasoline per capita", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10204-2
Will draws some field lines very close to each other. This field is likely
{ "text": [ "strong", "weak" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The closer the field lines are drawn together, the stronger the field being described.
QRSent-10204
{ "effect_prop": "stronger field", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "closer field lines together" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "strong", "less_effect_dir": "weak", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "field", "less_effect_prop": "field", "less_cause_dir": "field" }
QRQA-10402-3-flip
Jeff found some not very dense water. He knows it is not very dense because it takes up _____ space than dense water.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
More dense water takes up less space than less dense water.
QRSent-10402
{ "effect_prop": "space takes up", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "dense water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "water", "more_effect_prop": "space", "less_effect_prop": "space", "less_cause_dir": "space" }
QRQA-10353-3
Someone that works out in the gym all the time will likely have _____ muscles than someone who sits at home all day.
{ "text": [ "larger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Aerobic exercise increases the size and strength of muscles in the heart and helps all your muscles develop greater endurance.
QRSent-10353
{ "effect_prop": "muscles", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "exercise" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "someone", "more_effect_prop": "muscles", "less_effect_prop": "muscles", "less_cause_dir": "muscles" }
QRQA-10302-5
You are conducting an experiment on alkenes and discover that your larger alkenes have _____ boiling and melting points than the smaller ones.
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Larger alkenes have lower boiling and melting points.
QRSent-10302
{ "effect_prop": "boiling and melting points", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "alkenes" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "alkenes", "more_effect_prop": "boiling and melting points", "less_effect_prop": "boiling and melting points", "less_cause_dir": "boiling and melting points" }
QRQA-10123-4-flip
After a car accident, Carla gained a lot of blood. At the hospital, the doctors tell her that her blood pressure is now
{ "text": [ "increased", "decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
If blood volume in the body decreases, blood pressure decreases.
QRSent-10123
{ "effect_prop": "blood pressure", "cause_dir_str": "decreases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "blood volume in body" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "increased", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "blood pressure", "less_effect_prop": "blood pressure", "less_cause_dir": "blood pressure" }
QRQA-10125-1-flip
After Sarah finishes her walk, she notices that her blood is not really pumping that hard. Sarah can know that since it's a cool day, she's giving off what kind of heat compared to usual?
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
On a hot day, an endotherm may give off more heat by increasing blood flow to the surface of the body.
QRSent-10125
{ "effect_prop": "blood flow", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increasing", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "heat" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "is not really pumping", "less_cause_prop": "heat", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "blood", "less_cause_dir": "blood" }
QRQA-10170-4-flip
When water loses salt the water becomes
{ "text": [ "more dense", "less dense" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
If salt is added to a volume of water, there are more molecules in the same volume, so the water is denser.
QRSent-10170
{ "effect_prop": "dense", "cause_dir_str": "added", "effect_dir_str": "denser", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "salt" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "salt", "more_effect_prop": "dense", "less_effect_prop": "dense", "less_cause_dir": "dense" }
QRQA-10066-4
If Jim decreases the amount of energy inside of a gas, the particles in the gas will move
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
If the gas is cooled, the particles will move more slowly, because they will have less energy.
QRSent-10066
{ "effect_prop": "particles will move", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "more slowly", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "energy" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "energy inside of a gas", "more_effect_prop": "particles in the gas will move", "less_effect_prop": "particles in the gas will move", "less_cause_dir": "particles in the gas will move" }
QRQA-10160-2-flip
If Jim has two variables that are part of an inverse relationship, what will happen to the second variable if he decreases the first variable?
{ "text": [ "it increases", "it decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In an inverse relationship, when one variable increases, the other variable decreases.
QRSent-10160
{ "effect_prop": "variable decreases", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "variable increases" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "first variable", "more_effect_prop": "second variable", "less_effect_prop": "second variable", "less_cause_dir": "second variable" }
QRQA-10187-4-flip
Eric analyzes water while deep sea fishing and compares it to bottled water. The bottled has _____ nutrients than the deep sea water.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Therefore, water nearer shore usually contains more dissolved nutrients than water farther from shore.
QRSent-10187
{ "effect_prop": "dissolved nutrients in the water", "cause_dir_str": "nearer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "water nearer shore" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "nutrients", "less_effect_prop": "nutrients", "less_cause_dir": "nutrients" }
QRQA-10392-2-flip
When animals are moving in the heat they are
{ "text": [ "faster", "slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
For a given medium, sound has a slower speed at lower temperatures.
QRSent-10392
{ "effect_prop": "speed", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "slower", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "animals", "less_effect_prop": "animals", "less_cause_dir": "animals" }
QRQA-10171-5-flip
Polly was removing resistors from a circuit. Decreasing the resistance in this series circuit will cause the total current to
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
If we increase the resistance in a series circuit, by adding more resistors, then the total current decreases.
QRSent-10171
{ "effect_prop": "total current", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "resistance in a series circuit" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "resistance in this series circuit", "more_effect_prop": "total current", "less_effect_prop": "total current", "less_cause_dir": "total current" }
QRQA-10135-1
An elephant, compared to a puppy, is a larger size, and therefore the weight of the elephant, compared to the puppy, is
{ "text": [ "greater", "lesser" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The larger the animal, the heavier the exoskeleton, making movement more difficult.
QRSent-10135
{ "effect_prop": "weight", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "heavier", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "animal" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "lesser", "less_cause_prop": "puppy", "more_effect_prop": "elephant", "less_effect_prop": "elephant", "less_cause_dir": "elephant" }
QRQA-10098-3
An increase in the water table indicates _____ rain.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The water table is higher when there is a lot of rain and lower when the weather is dry.
QRSent-10098
{ "effect_prop": "water table", "cause_dir_str": "lot of", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "rain" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "rain", "more_effect_prop": "water table", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10201-3-flip
Ron pushed two balls close to each other. The balls now experience _____ gravitational force due to each other.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As the distance between the objects increases, the force of gravitational attraction decreases.
QRSent-10201
{ "effect_prop": "force of gravitational attraction", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "distance between objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "balls", "more_effect_prop": "gravitational attraction", "less_effect_prop": "gravitational attraction", "less_cause_dir": "gravitational attraction" }
QRQA-10173-4
When you use a 2 horsepower drill instead of a 1 horsepower drill it is
{ "text": [ "more powerful", "less powerful" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Compared with a less powerful device, a more powerful device can either do more work in the same time or do the same work in less time.
QRSent-10173
{ "effect_prop": "work", "cause_dir_str": "more powerful", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "power" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "horsepower", "more_effect_prop": "powerful", "less_effect_prop": "powerful", "less_cause_dir": "powerful" }
QRQA-10135-3
Ease of mobility _____ when the animal is increased in size.
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The larger the animal, the heavier the exoskeleton, making movement more difficult.
QRSent-10135
{ "effect_prop": "mobility", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "more difficult", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "animal" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "mobility", "less_effect_prop": "mobility", "less_cause_dir": "mobility" }
QRQA-10090-3
Will small pieces have more or less surface area than one large piece?
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
It would be hard to get a big chunk of chocolate to dissolve in your milk or hot water. Maybe you could make hot chocolate from some smaller pieces like chocolate chips, but it is much easier to add a powder to your milk. This is because the smaller the pieces are, the more surface area they have.
QRSent-10090
{ "effect_prop": "surface area", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "pieces", "more_effect_prop": "surface area", "less_effect_prop": "surface area", "less_cause_dir": "surface area" }
QRQA-10190-1-flip
The ball began to drop slowly above the table. The lower it drops above the table, the potential energy will
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
So the higher an object is above a surface, the more potential energy it has.
QRSent-10190
{ "effect_prop": "potential energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "an object is above a surface" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "above the table", "more_effect_prop": "potential energy", "less_effect_prop": "potential energy", "less_cause_dir": "potential energy" }
QRQA-10213-3
If Mona is building a structure and she wants to make it more functional, what would increasing the surface area of that structure do?
{ "text": [ "increase functioning", "decrease functioning" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In Life Sciences it is important to note that whenever a structure has an increased surface area, there is an increase in the functioning of that structure.
QRSent-10213
{ "effect_prop": "functioning of that structure", "cause_dir_str": "increased", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "surface area" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "functioning", "less_effect_prop": "functioning", "less_cause_dir": "functioning" }
QRQA-10298-4
Ron is trying to figure out how old some isotopes are. The isotopes are decaying very slowly, so they are likely specimens that are
{ "text": [ "older", "younger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Because these isotopes decay more slowly, they can be used to date much older specimens.
QRSent-10298
{ "effect_prop": "age", "cause_dir_str": "more slowly", "effect_dir_str": "older", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "decay" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "older", "less_effect_dir": "younger", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "isotopes", "less_effect_prop": "isotopes", "less_cause_dir": "isotopes" }
QRQA-10398-4-flip
Mona is a scientist studying erosion at a university. She is observing a river. If she starts taking erosion measurements at the mouth of the river and moves up to the head of the river, what will she find happens as the slope gets less steep?
{ "text": [ "erosion decreases", "erosion increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Water flowing over a steeper slope moves faster and causes more erosion.
QRSent-10398
{ "effect_prop": "erosion", "cause_dir_str": "steeper", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "steeper slope" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "slope", "more_effect_prop": "erosion", "less_effect_prop": "erosion", "less_cause_dir": "erosion" }
QRQA-10088-3-flip
Mike was wiring up a new circuit to test it out. He observed that the more resistors he removed from the circuit. the overall resistance level
{ "text": [ "Increased", "Decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Increasing the number of resistors in a series circuit increases the overall resistance of the circuit.
QRSent-10088
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "increasing", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resistors" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "resistors", "more_effect_prop": "resistance level", "less_effect_prop": "resistance level", "less_cause_dir": "resistance level" }
QRQA-10277-4
More waste being noted indicates _____ use of resources.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Increased resource use generally means more waste; electronic waste from developed nations is a growing problem in the developing world.
QRSent-10277
{ "effect_prop": "waste", "cause_dir_str": "increased", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resource use" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "use of resources", "more_effect_prop": "waste", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10374-3-flip
When people breathe in their chest becomes
{ "text": [ "larger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Exhaling, or breathing out, decreases the size of the chest, which increases air pressure inside the lungs.
QRSent-10374
{ "effect_prop": "chest size", "cause_dir_str": "exhaling", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "air in lunghs" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "chest", "less_effect_prop": "chest", "less_cause_dir": "chest" }
QRQA-10064-4
Mike is watching how particles of reactants function, and sees that they are crowded very close. Considering that the concentration of them is very high, the chance of them colliding together is
{ "text": [ "high", "low" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
At higher concentrations, particles of reactants are crowded closer together, so they are more likely to collide and react.
QRSent-10064
{ "effect_prop": "chance of collision", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "concentrations" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "high", "less_effect_dir": "low", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "chance of colliding", "less_effect_prop": "chance of colliding", "less_cause_dir": "chance of colliding" }
QRQA-10229-3-flip
Katie is looking at solid reactants, and is wondering how they will react. The reaction rate is decreased in surface areas which are
{ "text": [ "larger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Therefore, increasing the surface area of solid reactants increases the reaction rate.
QRSent-10229
{ "effect_prop": "reaction rate", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "surface area" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "surface areas", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "reaction rate", "less_cause_dir": "reaction rate" }
QRQA-10043-5-flip
Evan was drinking water with pH 7. He also had bleach in his house of pH 12. Which liquid is less basic?
{ "text": [ "water", "bleach" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The closer to pH 14, the more strongly basic the solution.
QRSent-10043
{ "effect_prop": "strongly basic the solution", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "more strongly", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "closer to pH 14" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "with pH 7", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "basic", "less_cause_dir": "basic" }
QRQA-10352-3-flip
John was watching objects fall from the sky in the simulator. He observed that items with less mass will be pulled by gravity at a rate that is
{ "text": [ "Stronger", "Weaker" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Gravity is a pull which all matter exerts on all other matter, the more mass, the stronger the pull.
QRSent-10352
{ "effect_prop": "pull", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stronger", "less_effect_dir": "weaker", "less_cause_prop": "mass", "more_effect_prop": "pulled", "less_effect_prop": "pulled", "less_cause_dir": "pulled" }
QRQA-10316-2-flip
Milo breeds cats for a living. If he wants his cats to reduce a specific trait, what should he do to the amount of offspring each cat produces?
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Natural selection is the process by which living things with beneficial traits produce more offspring, so their traits become more common over time.
QRSent-10316
{ "effect_prop": "traits", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "offspring" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "reduce", "less_cause_prop": "a specific trait", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "a specific trait", "less_cause_dir": "a specific trait" }
QRQA-10319-3-flip
Bob cools down some gas at the plant. When he does this, the gas particles move slower and
{ "text": [ "gain energy", "lose energy." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
If the gas is heated, the particles will move faster as they gain more energy.
QRSent-10319
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "speed" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "gain", "less_effect_dir": "lose", "less_cause_prop": "particles", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10403-2
Angel traveled to New York, and experienced _____ pollution.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
For example, more people on the Earth means more people contributing to global warming and pollution.
QRSent-10403
{ "effect_prop": "Global warming", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "contributing to", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "People" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "pollution", "less_effect_prop": "pollution", "less_cause_dir": "pollution" }
QRQA-10224-2-flip
If Mona lives in a country with poor access to food and another country begins reducing food supplies of her country, what happens to the death rate in Mona's country?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
More recently, the death rate has fallen because of the availability of more food and medical advances.
QRSent-10224
{ "effect_prop": "more food", "cause_dir_str": "fallen", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "death rate" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "reducing", "less_cause_prop": "death rate", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "food", "less_cause_dir": "food" }
QRQA-10231-2
If Mary is building a rocket and she wants it to fly as high as possible, what should she do to the mass of the rocket?
{ "text": [ "increase it", "decrease it" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
By using multiple stages, empty fuel containers could drop away. This reduced the mass of the rocket so that it could fly higher.
QRSent-10231
{ "effect_prop": "fly higher", "cause_dir_str": "reduced", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass of the rocket" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "fly", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "mass", "more_effect_prop": "higher", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10173-3
Robin has an old computer that runs slowly, and Bryan has a powerful new computer. When working on the same task, the computer that will finish the task first is
{ "text": [ "Robin's", "Bryan's" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Compared with a less powerful device, a more powerful device can either do more work in the same time or do the same work in less time.
QRSent-10173
{ "effect_prop": "work", "cause_dir_str": "more powerful", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "powerful device" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "computer", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10256-1
Sarah ate a piece of shark meat for dinner, Sarah's levels of toxic metals have
{ "text": [ "decreased.", "increased or" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The higher up a food chain that humans eat, the greater the levels of toxic metals they take in.
QRSent-10256
{ "effect_prop": "toxic metals ingested", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "animals eaten" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "toxic metals", "less_effect_prop": "toxic metals", "less_cause_dir": "toxic metals" }
QRQA-10119-2-flip
Tina goes to the cold baths. Her temperature decreases, so the particles in her body will move
{ "text": [ "slower", "faster" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The higher the temperature, the more energy the particles have and the faster they will move and diffuse.
QRSent-10119
{ "effect_prop": "energy particles have", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperatures" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "temperature", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10342-4-flip
Micah is leaving the atmosphere, leaving in a rocket from the Earth's surface.As he's passing through the troposphere, the air is going to get
{ "text": [ "warmer", "colder" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Air in the troposphere is warmer closer to Earths surface.
QRSent-10342
{ "effect_prop": "close to Earth's surface", "cause_dir_str": "warmer", "effect_dir_str": "closer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "warmth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "Warmer", "less_effect_dir": "Colder", "less_cause_prop": "Air", "more_effect_prop": "Temperature", "less_effect_prop": "Temperature", "less_cause_dir": "Temperature" }
QRQA-10157-2
When measuring atoms the further from the nucleus you get you have
{ "text": [ "less orbitals", "more orbitals" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Energy levels farther from the nucleus of an atom have more orbitals.
QRSent-10157
{ "effect_prop": "orbitals", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "orbitals", "less_effect_prop": "orbitals", "less_cause_dir": "orbitals" }
QRQA-10089-3
If a lens loses its curvature, it will refract _____ light.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more curved the surface of a lens is, the more it refracts light.
QRSent-10089
{ "effect_prop": "light refraction", "cause_dir_str": "more curved", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "curvature of a lens' surface" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "curvature", "more_effect_prop": "refract light", "less_effect_prop": "refract light", "less_cause_dir": "refract light" }
QRQA-10354-4-flip
If Jim wants to raise the pH of his solution he should do what to the concentration of hydrogen ions inside of it?
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
With a higher the concentration of hydrogen ions, a solution is more acidic and has a lower pH.
QRSent-10354
{ "effect_prop": "pH", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "oncentration of hydrogen ions" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "raise", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "concentration of hydrogen ions", "more_effect_prop": "pH of his solution", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10079-2-flip
A heavy boulder begins rolling down a hill and a beach ball rolls down alongside it. Which object will have less momentum as it rolls?
{ "text": [ "boulder", "beach ball" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more mass a moving object has or the faster its moving, the greater its momentum.
QRSent-10079
{ "effect_prop": "momentum", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass a moving object has" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "object", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "momentum", "less_cause_dir": "momentum" }
QRQA-10184-2
Wavelengths that are shorter will be
{ "text": [ "faster", "slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
This means that as wavelengths get shorter, more waves move past a particular spot in the same amount of time.
QRSent-10184
{ "effect_prop": "speed", "cause_dir_str": "shorter", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wavelength" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "wavelength", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10160-4
Dan wants lunch, and Dan has some money. In order to get a lunch, Dan's money will
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In an inverse relationship, when one variable increases, the other variable decreases.
QRSent-10160
{ "effect_prop": "decrease", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "increase" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_effect_dir": "increase", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "money", "less_effect_prop": "money", "less_cause_dir": "money" }
QRQA-10207-1
When astronomers noticed a doubling of Sun spot activity, did they predict that the Earth's temperature would
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When there are more sunspots the Sun is more active and there are more solar storms and more of the Sun's energy reaches the Earth.
QRSent-10207
{ "effect_prop": "amount of solar energy reaching the Earth", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "frequency of sun spots" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_cause_dir": "temperature" }
QRQA-10127-3
Mona is designing a car in a factory. If she decides to add more cylinders to the car's engine, what happens to the power that engine can output?
{ "text": [ "increased", "decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more cylinders a car engine has, the more powerful its engine can be.
QRSent-10127
{ "effect_prop": "powerful", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "cylinders a car engine has" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "power that engine can output", "less_effect_prop": "power that engine can output", "less_cause_dir": "power that engine can output" }
QRQA-10073-1
When April went for a run, she noticed that her heart was beating
{ "text": [ "faster", "slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Warming up exercises increases the blood flow to the muscles and increases the heart rate.
QRSent-10073
{ "effect_prop": "heart rate", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "blood flow" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "heart was beating", "less_effect_prop": "heart was beating", "less_cause_dir": "heart was beating" }
QRQA-10144-1
When Dan went to the beach, he found rocks that had been eroded. Some rocks were hardly weathered though, so those must have a resistance that is
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Different types of rocks weather at different rates. More resistant types of rocks will remain longer.
QRSent-10144
{ "effect_prop": "lasting", "cause_dir_str": "more resistant", "effect_dir_str": "longer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resistant rocks" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "hardly weathered", "less_effect_dir": "eroded", "less_cause_prop": "resistance", "more_effect_prop": "rocks", "less_effect_prop": "rocks", "less_cause_dir": "rocks" }
QRQA-10315-1-flip
If the population of India were to decrease, their people should expect to have _____ food available.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As the population increases, the food supply, or the supply of another necessary resource, may decrease.
QRSent-10315
{ "effect_prop": "food", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decrease", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "population" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "population of India", "more_effect_prop": "food", "less_effect_prop": "food", "less_cause_dir": "food" }
QRQA-10055-3
If Milo adds more carbon atoms to his alkane while working in his science lab, what happens to the melting point of that alkane?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Alkanes with more carbon atoms have higher boiling and melting points, so some of them are solids at room temperature.
QRSent-10055
{ "effect_prop": "melting points", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "carbon atoms" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "melting point", "less_effect_prop": "melting point", "less_cause_dir": "melting point" }
QRQA-10337-1-flip
Air pressure inside the lungs will _____ when one exhales out deeply.
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Inhaling, or breathing in, increases the size of the chest, which decreases air pressure inside the lungs.
QRSent-10337
{ "effect_prop": "air pressure inside the lungs", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "size of a chest" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "exhales", "more_effect_prop": "Air pressure", "less_effect_prop": "Air pressure", "less_cause_dir": "Air pressure" }
QRQA-10278-3-flip
Tina is speeding on the highway, and a cop is sat on the road with a radar gun to see who to pull over. The cop's gun begins to detect a low frequency, with waves reflected being bunched up. The car was going
{ "text": [ "faster", "slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
A: As the car approaches the radar gun, the reflected microwaves get bunched up in front of the car. Therefore, the waves the receiver detects have a higher frequency than they would if they were being reflected from a stationary object. The faster the car is moving, the greater the increase in the frequency of the waves.
QRSent-10278
{ "effect_prop": "movement", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "frequency" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "frequency", "more_effect_prop": "car", "less_effect_prop": "car", "less_cause_dir": "car" }
QRQA-10395-3-flip
When we get to the bottom of a mountain the air is
{ "text": [ "more dense", "less dense" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
At higher elevations, there is less air to press on a given area.
QRSent-10395
{ "effect_prop": "air pressure", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "elevation" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more dense", "less_effect_dir": "less dense", "less_cause_prop": "mountain", "more_effect_prop": "air", "less_effect_prop": "air", "less_cause_dir": "air" }
QRQA-10089-5-flip
Jeff built a lens with the lowest refraction possible. The lens is likely _____ curved.
{ "text": [ "very", "not" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more curved the surface of a lens is, the more it refracts light.
QRSent-10089
{ "effect_prop": "it refracts light", "cause_dir_str": "more curved", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "curved the surface of a lens is" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "lowest", "less_cause_prop": "lens", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "refraction", "less_cause_dir": "refraction" }
QRQA-10027-3
A planet that is larger has
{ "text": [ "less gravity", "more gravity" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Objects with greater mass have a stronger force of gravity between them.
QRSent-10027
{ "effect_prop": "gravity", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "gravity", "less_effect_prop": "gravity", "less_cause_dir": "gravity" }
QRQA-10151-2-flip
Tanya has a substance with mass 10kg. Logan has a substance with mass 5kg. If both substances are the same size, who has the less dense substance.
{ "text": [ "Tanya", "Logan" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
If we have two materials with the same volume, the material with a higher mass will be more dense.
QRSent-10151
{ "effect_prop": "dense", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "materials mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less dense", "less_cause_prop": "mass", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "substance", "less_cause_dir": "substance" }
QRQA-10140-4
If Milo has dark skin and Jerry has light skin, which person will sunburn more easily?
{ "text": [ "Milo", "Jerry" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Light-skinned people get sunburned more quickly than people with darker skin.
QRSent-10140
{ "effect_prop": "sunburned", "cause_dir_str": "darker", "effect_dir_str": "", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "darker skin" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more easily", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "skin", "more_effect_prop": "sunburn", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10224-2
If Mona lives in a country with poor access to food and another country begins providing extra food to her country, what happens to the death rate in Mona's country?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
More recently, the death rate has fallen because of the availability of more food and medical advances.
QRSent-10224
{ "effect_prop": "more food", "cause_dir_str": "fallen", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "death rate" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "extra", "less_effect_dir": "poor access", "less_cause_prop": "death rate", "more_effect_prop": "food", "less_effect_prop": "food", "less_cause_dir": "food" }
QRQA-10335-3-flip
When we move around very little we feel
{ "text": [ "warmer", "colder" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
When particles move more quickly, temperature is higher and an object feels warmer.
QRSent-10335
{ "effect_prop": "warmth", "cause_dir_str": "more quickly", "effect_dir_str": "warmer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "movement" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "warmer", "less_effect_dir": "colder", "less_cause_prop": "move around", "more_effect_prop": "feel", "less_effect_prop": "feel", "less_cause_dir": "feel" }
QRQA-10248-4
Quent reduces the energy of a liquid. He notices that the particles in the liquid
{ "text": [ "slow down", "speed up" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As the liquid particles lose energy, their movement slows down even more. As their movements become slower and slower, the attractive forces between become stronger.
QRSent-10248
{ "effect_prop": "movement slow down", "cause_dir_str": "lose", "effect_dir_str": "slows down even more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "liquid particle energy" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "slow down", "less_effect_dir": "speed up", "less_cause_prop": "energy", "more_effect_prop": "particles", "less_effect_prop": "particles", "less_cause_dir": "particles" }
QRQA-10272-5
john was watching the rate of reactions going on in some plants. he noticed that the rate increased when the temperatures
{ "text": [ "increased", "decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Temperature affects the rate at which photosynthesis, cellular respiration and decomposition take place. The rate of reaction increases with increasing temperature and decreases at lower temperatures.
QRSent-10272
{ "effect_prop": "temperatures", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "increasing", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "reaction" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "temperatures", "less_effect_prop": "temperatures", "less_cause_dir": "temperatures" }
QRQA-10369-2-flip
Evan surfs the waves on a day when it is windy, and then he goes back the next day when there is no wind. Which waves likely had less energy?
{ "text": [ "windy", "no wind" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The stronger the winds are blowing, the larger the waves are and the more energy they have.
QRSent-10369
{ "effect_prop": "waves and more energy they have", "cause_dir_str": "stronger", "effect_dir_str": "larger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "winds are blowing" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "day", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10132-3-flip
Polly was out in the sun. She has light skin. Her skin likely absorbs _____ vitamin D than a dark-skinned person.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Pigments in the skin act like a filter that can prevent the skin from making vitamin D. As a result, people with darker skin need more time in the sun than people with lighter skin to make the same amount of vitamin D.
QRSent-10132
{ "effect_prop": "skin making vitamin D", "cause_dir_str": "darker", "effect_dir_str": "prevent", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "darker skin" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "skin", "more_effect_prop": "vitamin D", "less_effect_prop": "vitamin D", "less_cause_dir": "vitamin D" }
QRQA-10064-3
If Mona is filling a balloon with helium and she adds more gas to it, what happens to the likelihood that the helium particles will collide with each other?
{ "text": [ "more likely", "less likely" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
At higher concentrations, particles of reactants are crowded closer together, so they are more likely to collide and react.
QRSent-10064
{ "effect_prop": "likely to collide", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "particles" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more likely", "less_effect_dir": "less likely", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "collide", "less_effect_prop": "collide", "less_cause_dir": "collide" }
QRQA-10321-4
It is likely that China produces more hazardous waste than Canada because it has
{ "text": [ "less industries.", "more or" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Countries with more industry produce more hazardous wastes than those with little industry.
QRSent-10321
{ "effect_prop": "hazardous wastes", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "industry" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "produces more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "industries", "more_effect_prop": "hazardous waste", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10075-2
Sandra wants to go on vacation, and would like to go somewhere warm. Sandra will likely choose a place
{ "text": [ "near the equator", "near the poles" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Areas near the equator are warmer than areas near the poles because they receive more direct sunlight.
QRSent-10075
{ "effect_prop": "warm", "cause_dir_str": "near", "effect_dir_str": "warmer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "near equator" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "warm", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "a place", "more_effect_prop": "somewhere", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10083-1-flip
When two batteries are placed further apart, John can tell that the electrostatic force is
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The closer the charged objects are, the stronger the electrostatic force.
QRSent-10083
{ "effect_prop": "electrostatic force", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "objects are" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "batteries", "more_effect_prop": "electrostatic force", "less_effect_prop": "electrostatic force", "less_cause_dir": "electrostatic force" }
QRQA-10310-4-flip
If Milo is listening to the radio in his room and the room gets hotter, what happens to the speed of the sound waves generated by the radio?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
For a given medium, sound waves travel more slowly at lower temperatures.
QRSent-10310
{ "effect_prop": "sound waves travel more slowly", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "more slowly", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "lower temperatures" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_effect_dir": "increase", "less_cause_prop": "room", "more_effect_prop": "speed of sound waves", "less_effect_prop": "speed of sound waves", "less_cause_dir": "speed of sound waves" }
QRQA-10134-4-flip
If Mary is blowing an air horn underwater and she raises the temperature of the water, what will happen to the speed of the sound waves generated by the air horn?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
For a given medium such as air, sound has a slower speed at lower temperatures.
QRSent-10134
{ "effect_prop": "speed", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "slower", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "temperatures" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "speed", "less_effect_prop": "speed", "less_cause_dir": "speed" }
QRQA-10260-5
If Jim increased the speed of water flowing out of his bathroom tap, what would happen to the amount of energy being transferred by the water?
{ "text": [ "would increase", "would decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Faster-moving water has more energy.
QRSent-10260
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Faster-moving water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10368-1-flip
Richard dropped two identical rocks, one into a puddle, and the other into a swimming pool. After dropping both rocks, the rock dropped into the puddle had
{ "text": [ "a higher melting point than the other rock", "a lower melting point than the other rock" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As the amount of water increases, the melting point of rock decreases.
QRSent-10368
{ "effect_prop": "melting point of rock", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "amount of water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "puddle", "more_effect_prop": "melting point", "less_effect_prop": "melting point", "less_cause_dir": "melting point" }
QRQA-10391-3-flip
Bryan was tasked with categorizing various fossils that the archeology team dug up. He knew they found some in rock layers near the surface and others in layers much farther below the ground. Which should he categorize as the younger ones?
{ "text": [ "near surface fossils", "farther down fossils" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The main law is the law of superposition. This law states that deeper rock layers are older than layers closer to the surface.
QRSent-10391
{ "effect_prop": "older", "cause_dir_str": "deeper", "effect_dir_str": "older", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "deeper rock layers" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "rock layers", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10065-3-flip
Ferb and Honey are walking towards each other. What is true about the force of gravity between them as the distance between them decreases?
{ "text": [ "it increases", "it decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Objects that are closer together have a stronger force of gravity between them.
QRSent-10065
{ "effect_prop": "force of gravity between", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "closer together" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "force of gravity", "less_effect_prop": "force of gravity", "less_cause_dir": "force of gravity" }
QRQA-10200-1
Jim is designing a new car and playing around with different materials. If he were to decrease the weight of the vehicle, what would happen to the fuel efficiency of that vehicle? It would
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Lighter, more streamlined vehicles need less energy.
QRSent-10200
{ "effect_prop": "energy usage", "cause_dir_str": "lighter", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "vehicle weight" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "weight", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10310-3
Eric moved to Alaska from Arizona. The lower temperatures overall mean that sound travels
{ "text": [ "faster", "slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
For a given medium, sound waves travel more slowly at lower temperatures.
QRSent-10310
{ "effect_prop": "slowly sound waves", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "more slowly", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperatures" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "slower", "less_effect_dir": "faster", "less_cause_prop": "temperatures", "more_effect_prop": "sound travels", "less_effect_prop": "sound travels", "less_cause_dir": "sound travels" }
QRQA-10117-2
If Mona is flying her plane in the stratosphere on a journey and she moves higher up into the stratosphere, what happens to the temperatures her plane experiences?
{ "text": [ "they increase", "they decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The stratosphere contains the ozone layer, the temperatures increase as altitude increases.
QRSent-10117
{ "effect_prop": "temperatures", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "altitude" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "temperatures", "less_effect_prop": "temperatures", "less_cause_dir": "temperatures" }
QRQA-10140-5-flip
A person that is African American will get _____ than a white person at the beach.
{ "text": [ "less sunburned", "more sunburned" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Light-skinned people get sunburned more quickly than people with darker skin.
QRSent-10140
{ "effect_prop": "sunburns", "cause_dir_str": "light-skinned", "effect_dir_str": "more quickly", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "skin color" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "person", "more_effect_prop": "sunburned", "less_effect_prop": "sunburned", "less_cause_dir": "sunburned" }
QRQA-10225-5-flip
Eric is swimming near shore. Tina is 100 meters out in the water. The water near _____ has fewer nutrients.
{ "text": [ "Eric", "Tina" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Water near shore generally has more dissolved nutrients than water farther from shore.
QRSent-10225
{ "effect_prop": "dissolved nutrients", "cause_dir_str": "near", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "near shore" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "fewer", "less_cause_prop": "Tina", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "nutrients", "less_cause_dir": "nutrients" }
QRQA-10269-5-flip
Asa is running in a race and his body temperature decreases. His skin's blood vessels _____ in diameter.
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
When your brain senses that your body temperature is increasing, it sends messages to the blood vessels in the skin to increase in diameter.
QRSent-10269
{ "effect_prop": "blood vessels in the skin diameter", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "body temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "body temperature", "more_effect_prop": "diameter", "less_effect_prop": "diameter", "less_cause_dir": "diameter" }
QRQA-10404-5
If Mona is a logger and she begins cutting down a forest full of trees, how will that affect the likelihood of a drought occurring?
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
With fewer trees, the air is drier and droughts are more common.
QRSent-10404
{ "effect_prop": "droughts", "cause_dir_str": "fewer", "effect_dir_str": "more common", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "trees" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "forest trees", "more_effect_prop": "drought", "less_effect_prop": "drought", "less_cause_dir": "drought" }
QRQA-10003-3-flip
If Mona is studying the galaxy and she notices that the universe is expanding less then it used to, what does that mean is happening to the galaxies in the universe?
{ "text": [ "moving closer together", "moving further apart" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As the Universe expands, galaxies move further and further apart.
QRSent-10003
{ "effect_prop": "galaxies move further", "cause_dir_str": "expands", "effect_dir_str": "further and further", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Universe expands" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "moving apart", "less_effect_dir": "moving closer", "less_cause_prop": "universe", "more_effect_prop": "galaxies", "less_effect_prop": "galaxies", "less_cause_dir": "galaxies" }
QRQA-10268-5-flip
Sinking lower in the mesosphere, we encounter _____ temperatures.
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In the mesosphere, temperature decreases as altitude increases.
QRSent-10268
{ "effect_prop": "temperature", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "altitude in the mesosphere" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "lower", "more_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_cause_dir": "temperature" }
QRQA-10036-1
Jill had two wires in her lab, one was twice the thickness of the other and she measured the resistance of each. She saw that the _____ one showed less resistance.
{ "text": [ "thicker", "thinner" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Thicker wires offer less resistance.
QRSent-10036
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "thicker", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "thickness of wires" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10125-3
Karen is feeling very warm, and starts to sweat. Her blood flow is increased, likely because the day is
{ "text": [ "hot", "cold" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
On a hot day, an endotherm may give off more heat by increasing blood flow to the surface of the body.
QRSent-10125
{ "effect_prop": "blood flow", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increasing", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "heat" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "day", "more_effect_prop": "blood flow", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10178-1-flip
Milo's country spends low energy developing better missiles. This means their rocket technologies have
{ "text": [ "increased", "decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The development of better missiles fostered better rocket technologies.
QRSent-10178
{ "effect_prop": "rocket technologies", "cause_dir_str": "better", "effect_dir_str": "better", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "development of better missiles" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "energy", "more_effect_prop": "rocket technologies", "less_effect_prop": "rocket technologies", "less_cause_dir": "rocket technologies" }
QRQA-10064-2-flip
DJ has a solution that he removes particles from. The solution is now a _____ concentration.
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
At higher concentrations, particles of reactants are crowded closer together, so they are more likely to collide and react.
QRSent-10064
{ "effect_prop": "particles crowded closer together", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "concentrations" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "removes", "less_cause_prop": "concentration", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "particles", "less_cause_dir": "particles" }
QRQA-10206-4-flip
One reason scientists sometimes use smaller telescopes for bright objects is because they collect
{ "text": [ "more light", "less light" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Larger telescopes can collect more light and see finer details than smaller telescopes.
QRSent-10206
{ "effect_prop": "light collection", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "diameter" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "telescopes", "more_effect_prop": "light", "less_effect_prop": "light", "less_cause_dir": "light" }