Datasets:
allenai
/
quartz

Dataset card Viewer Files Community
2
id
stringlengths
12
17
question
stringlengths
19
430
choices
sequence
answerKey
stringclasses
2 values
para
stringlengths
30
323
para_id
stringlengths
12
12
para_anno
dict
question_anno
dict
QRQA-10136-1
If Mona is heating up a pan on the stove to cook dinner with and she increases the amount of energy coming out of the stove, what will happen to the pan on the stove?
{ "text": [ "gets hotter", "gets cooler" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The temperature of matter increases with the added energy.
QRSent-10136
{ "effect_prop": "temperature of matter", "cause_dir_str": "added", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "energy" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "hotter", "less_effect_dir": "cooler", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_cause_dir": "temperature" }
QRQA-10055-1-flip
John was playing with alkanes in his lab. If he decreased the amount of carbon atoms in an alkane, what would happen to the boiling point of that alkane?
{ "text": [ "decrease?", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Alkanes with more carbon atoms have higher boiling and melting points, so some of them are solids at room temperature.
QRSent-10055
{ "effect_prop": "boiling points", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "carbon atoms" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "amount of carbon atoms", "more_effect_prop": "boiling point", "less_effect_prop": "boiling point", "less_cause_dir": "boiling point" }
QRQA-10340-3-flip
Mona lives in a nation that uses a lot of fossil fuels. What would happen to her countries levels of air pollution if they were to decrease their usage?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Because richer nations use more fossil fuels, they also cause more air pollution and global warming than poorer nations do.
QRSent-10340
{ "effect_prop": "air pollution", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "fossil fuels" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "usage of fossil fuels", "more_effect_prop": "levels of air pollution", "less_effect_prop": "levels of air pollution", "less_cause_dir": "levels of air pollution" }
QRQA-10401-4-flip
As ozone is added to the stratosphere, we can expect to have _____ UV rays on the ground.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
With less ozone in the stratosphere, more UV rays reach the ground.
QRSent-10401
{ "effect_prop": "UV rays reach ground", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "ozone in stratosphere" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "UV rays", "less_effect_prop": "UV rays", "less_cause_dir": "UV rays" }
QRQA-10231-1-flip
A rocket would only be able to fly low if its mass were
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
By using multiple stages, empty fuel containers could drop away. This reduced the mass of the rocket so that it could fly higher.
QRSent-10231
{ "effect_prop": "altitude", "cause_dir_str": "reduced", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass of the rocket" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "mass", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "altitude", "less_cause_dir": "altitude" }
QRQA-10110-5-flip
Linda felt no pressure from the hurricane, as the winds got _____.
{ "text": [ "stronger", "weaker" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Differences in air pressure over the surface of the Earth result in wind. The greater the differences in air pressures, the stronger the wind.
QRSent-10110
{ "effect_prop": "Wind", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Air pressure" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stronger", "less_effect_dir": "weaker", "less_cause_prop": "pressure", "more_effect_prop": "winds", "less_effect_prop": "winds", "less_cause_dir": "winds" }
QRQA-10334-1-flip
As Carla's baby drank breast milk less vigorously, the milk that was made was
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more the baby suckles, the more prolactin is released, which causes more milk to be produced.
QRSent-10334
{ "effect_prop": "milk produced", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "suckling" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "Carla's baby", "more_effect_prop": "milk", "less_effect_prop": "milk", "less_cause_dir": "milk" }
QRQA-10088-4-flip
If Milo is building a new circuit and he decreases the number of resistors in a series on that circuit, what happens to the overall resistance of the circuit?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Increasing the number of resistors in a series circuit increases the overall resistance of the circuit.
QRSent-10088
{ "effect_prop": "overall resistance", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "increasing", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resistors in a series circuit" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "number of resistors", "more_effect_prop": "overall resistance", "less_effect_prop": "overall resistance", "less_cause_dir": "overall resistance" }
QRQA-10334-2-flip
Will is one year old and breastfeeds from his mother. He suckles less and less. The mother produces _____ milk in response.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more the baby suckles, the more prolactin is released, which causes more milk to be produced.
QRSent-10334
{ "effect_prop": "prolactin released", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "the baby suckles" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "suckles", "more_effect_prop": "protein", "less_effect_prop": "protein", "less_cause_dir": "protein" }
QRQA-10369-4-flip
Waves can be made by wind, on a less windy day would we expect to have
{ "text": [ "larger waves", "smaller waves" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The stronger the winds are blowing, the larger the waves are and the more energy they have.
QRSent-10369
{ "effect_prop": "waves", "cause_dir_str": "stronger", "effect_dir_str": "larger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wind" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "waves", "less_effect_prop": "waves", "less_cause_dir": "waves" }
QRQA-10056-2
If Milo stops eating for awhile and his blood glucose decreases, what happens to the amount of insulin he is producing?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As blood glucose levels decrease, less insulin is produced.
QRSent-10056
{ "effect_prop": "insulin is produced", "cause_dir_str": "decrease", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "blood glucose" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "glucose", "more_effect_prop": "insulin", "less_effect_prop": "insulin", "less_cause_dir": "insulin" }
QRQA-10319-5
Jim is performing experiments in his lab. If he applies more heat to gas inside of a beaker, what happens to the gas particles?
{ "text": [ "move faster", "move slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
If the gas is heated, the particles will move faster as they gain more energy.
QRSent-10319
{ "effect_prop": "particles will move faster", "cause_dir_str": "heated", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "gas is heated" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "move faster", "less_effect_dir": "move slower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "gas particles", "less_effect_prop": "gas particles", "less_cause_dir": "gas particles" }
QRQA-10118-4
If Jim increases the number of segments on a rope he is using as a pully, the amount of force that he needs to apply when lifting something with the rope
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more rope segments on a pully that are helping to do the lifting work, the less force that is needed for the job.
QRSent-10118
{ "effect_prop": "force that is needed for the job", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "rope segments" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "force", "less_effect_prop": "force", "less_cause_dir": "force" }
QRQA-10232-5
Louis notices that Neptune is farther from the sun than Mercury. Which planet will take longer to rotate around the sun?
{ "text": [ "Mercury", "Neptune" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The planets further from the Sun will have bigger orbits, and therefore take longer to revolve around the Sun.
QRSent-10232
{ "effect_prop": "time for revolution", "cause_dir_str": "further", "effect_dir_str": "longer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance from the sun" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "take longer", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "rotate around the sun", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10317-2
Dean wants to get a larger number of isomers to observe, so in order to do so quickly, he takes the number of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon, and makes them
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As you increase the number of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon, the number of isomers quickly increases.
QRSent-10317
{ "effect_prop": "number of isomers", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "number of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger number", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "number of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon", "more_effect_prop": "isomers", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10384-4-flip
Polly gets her planet to increase greenhouse gas levels. The global temperature as a result likely
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
A decrease in greenhouse gas levels decreases global temperature and an increase raises global temperature.
QRSent-10384
{ "effect_prop": "global temperature", "cause_dir_str": "decrease", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "greenhouse gas levels" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "global temperature global temperature", "less_effect_prop": "global temperature global temperature", "less_cause_dir": "global temperature global temperature" }
QRQA-10281-3-flip
A rapid decrease in electricity consumption could mean _____ pollution.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
We need to reduce our electricity consumption in order to reduce pollution.
QRSent-10281
{ "effect_prop": "pollution", "cause_dir_str": "reduce", "effect_dir_str": "reduce", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "electricity consumption" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "electricity consumption", "more_effect_prop": "pollution", "less_effect_prop": "pollution", "less_cause_dir": "pollution" }
QRQA-10209-5
Ollie moved a tomato plant to an area that receives less sunlight. The tomato plant will now produce _____ food.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Less photosynthesis means that plants and phytoplankton produce less food.
QRSent-10209
{ "effect_prop": "food plants produce", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "photosynthesis" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "tomato plant", "more_effect_prop": "produce food", "less_effect_prop": "produce food", "less_cause_dir": "produce food" }
QRQA-10353-2-flip
Sasha exercises her muscles with weights daily, while Tanya does not exercise ever. Who likely has weaker muscles?
{ "text": [ "Sasha", "Tanya" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Aerobic exercise increases the size and strength of muscles in the heart and helps all your muscles develop greater endurance.
QRSent-10353
{ "effect_prop": "strength of muscles", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "aerobic exercise" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "weaker", "less_cause_prop": "exercise", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "muscles", "less_cause_dir": "muscles" }
QRQA-10290-1
Ron was playing with a flashlight. He moved it back and forth slowly, and then quickly. Which motion likely caused more light to bend?
{ "text": [ "the slow motion", "the quick motion" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In refraction of light, the greater the change in speed, the more light bends.
QRSent-10290
{ "effect_prop": "bending of light", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "change in speed" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "flashlight", "more_effect_prop": "light ot bend", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10040-4
Jim works as a stage manager for a rock band and is up close to their speakers at each concert, while Todd attends the concerts and watches from dozens of rows back. Who will experience hearing loss more quickly?
{ "text": [ "Jim", "Todd" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The louder the sounds are, the less exposure is needed to cause hearing loss.
QRSent-10040
{ "effect_prop": "exposure", "cause_dir_str": "louder", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "loudness of sounds" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more quickly", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "speakers", "more_effect_prop": "hearing loss", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10265-3-flip
When a device become more efficient, its production of usable energy will go
{ "text": [ "up", "down" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more efficient a device is, the greater the percentage of usable energy it produces.
QRSent-10265
{ "effect_prop": "percentage of usable energy it produces", "cause_dir_str": "more efficient", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "efficiency of a device" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "up", "less_effect_dir": "down", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "production of usable energy", "less_effect_prop": "production of usable energy", "less_cause_dir": "production of usable energy" }
QRQA-10335-3
When we move around a lot do we feel
{ "text": [ "warmer", "colder" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When particles move more quickly, temperature is higher and an object feels warmer.
QRSent-10335
{ "effect_prop": "warmth", "cause_dir_str": "more quickly", "effect_dir_str": "warmer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "movement" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "warmer", "less_effect_dir": "colder", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "feel", "less_effect_prop": "feel", "less_cause_dir": "feel" }
QRQA-10318-2-flip
Milo is playing with his electromagnet and he decides to decrease the current supplied to it. What will happen to the strength of the electromagnet?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more current, the stronger the electromagnet.
QRSent-10318
{ "effect_prop": "stronger the electromagnet", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "current" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "current", "more_effect_prop": "strength of the electromagnet", "less_effect_prop": "strength of the electromagnet", "less_cause_dir": "strength of the electromagnet" }
QRQA-10041-3-flip
If Jim is projecting electromagnetic waves out into space and he increases the size of the wavelength being transmitted, what happens to the frequency of that wavelength?
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Because all electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed through space, a wave with a shorter wavelength must have a higher frequency, and vice versa.
QRSent-10041
{ "effect_prop": "frequency", "cause_dir_str": "shorter", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wavelength" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "frequency", "less_effect_prop": "frequency", "less_cause_dir": "frequency" }
QRQA-10281-5-flip
Suppose Jim was decided to use more electricity in his day to day activities. What would happen to his pollution output?
{ "text": [ "reduced", "increased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
We need to reduce our electricity consumption in order to reduce pollution.
QRSent-10281
{ "effect_prop": "pollution", "cause_dir_str": "reduce", "effect_dir_str": "reduce", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "electricity consumption" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "reduced", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "pollution output", "less_effect_prop": "pollution output", "less_cause_dir": "pollution output" }
QRQA-10249-1-flip
Phil surfed small 1.5 foot waves on the beach. _____ wind speeds likely contributed to such small waves
{ "text": [ "high", "low" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The size of an ocean wave depends on how fast, over how great a distance, and how long the wind blows. The greater each of these factors is, the bigger a wave will be.
QRSent-10249
{ "effect_prop": "bigger waves", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "bigger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wind blows" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "1.5 foot", "less_cause_prop": "wind speeds", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "waves", "less_cause_dir": "waves" }
QRQA-10035-5-flip
You can find tables that show the pH value of different fruits and vegetables. The fruits such as apples are barely acidic so they have a pH value that is
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Acids have pH values below 7. The lower the pH value, the more strongly acidic the substance.
QRSent-10035
{ "effect_prop": "the acidity", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "more strongly", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "the pH value" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "barely", "less_cause_prop": "pH value", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "acidic", "less_cause_dir": "acidic" }
QRQA-10068-4-flip
When nobody in a country can afford a car do they use more or less energy?
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
People in the richer nations of the world use far more energy, especially energy from fossil fuels, than people in the poorer nations do.
QRSent-10068
{ "effect_prop": "energy used", "cause_dir_str": "richer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wealth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "use more", "less_effect_dir": "use less", "less_cause_prop": "a country", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10344-3-flip
If valence electrons are far from an atom's nucleus, the atom is likely
{ "text": [ "bigger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In bigger atoms, valence electrons are farther from the nucleus.
QRSent-10344
{ "effect_prop": "distance of valence electrons from the nucleus", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "farther", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "atom size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "far from nucleus", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "atom", "more_effect_prop": "valence electrons", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10122-3
What happens to the size of a population if the number of predators for that population is increased?
{ "text": [ "gets bigger", "gets smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
An increase in predators, the emergence of a new disease, or the loss of habitat are just three possible problems that will decrease a population.
QRSent-10122
{ "effect_prop": "population", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "decrease", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "predators" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "bigger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "population", "less_effect_prop": "population", "less_cause_dir": "population" }
QRQA-10238-1-flip
The elephants were moved to a reservation where they could thrive, since their habitat in the wild had expanded too far. The elephant numbers were now
{ "text": [ "larger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The forest habitat of elephants has also decreased in size due to humans moving in, so the numbers of the elephants have decreased.
QRSent-10238
{ "effect_prop": "elephants", "cause_dir_str": "decreased", "effect_dir_str": "decreased", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "habitat" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "elephant numbers", "less_effect_prop": "elephant numbers", "less_cause_dir": "elephant numbers" }
QRQA-10362-4
Sandra is walking down a sunny street and then suddenly goes into a dark building. Sarah's pupils will do this in response to the new low light
{ "text": [ "shrink", "grow" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The pupil automatically gets bigger or smaller to let more or less light in as needed.
QRSent-10362
{ "effect_prop": "light", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "pupil size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "low", "less_cause_prop": "pupils", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "light", "less_cause_dir": "light" }
QRQA-10092-1
Dave dropped a feather and a ball out of a window. The ball landed first because it had mass that, compared to the feather, was
{ "text": [ "greater", "lesser" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The greater the objects mass, the greater the force of attraction; in addition, the greater the distance between objects, the smaller the force of attraction.
QRSent-10092
{ "effect_prop": "force of attraction", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "first", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "mass", "more_effect_prop": "landed", "less_effect_prop": "--", "less_cause_dir": "--" }
QRQA-10183-2
If Mona wants to clear her farm land at a faster rate, what would adding people do to that rate?
{ "text": [ "increase it", "decrease it" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
More people also means more clearing of land for agriculture and development.
QRSent-10183
{ "effect_prop": "clearing of land", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "people" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "clear her farm land", "less_effect_prop": "clear her farm land", "less_cause_dir": "clear her farm land" }
QRQA-10172-4-flip
Dana goes with her mother to get screened for breast cancer. The person who is less likely to have it has an age that is
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Breast cancer is rare in teens. It becomes more common as women get older.
QRSent-10172
{ "effect_prop": "young", "cause_dir_str": "rare", "effect_dir_str": "teens", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "rare" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "lower", "less_effect_dir": "higher", "less_cause_prop": "breast cancer", "more_effect_prop": "age", "less_effect_prop": "age", "less_cause_dir": "age" }
QRQA-10363-2
Jimbo liked to work out a lot, while James never worked out. Which person would have stronger muscles?
{ "text": [ "Jimbo", "James" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Muscles that are exercised are bigger and stronger than muscles that are not exercised.
QRSent-10363
{ "effect_prop": "stronger", "cause_dir_str": "exercised", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "exercised" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stronger", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "worked out", "more_effect_prop": "muscles", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10152-2
When we add more water to something there will be
{ "text": [ "fewer reactions", "more reactions" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
More water allows more chemical reactions.
QRSent-10152
{ "effect_prop": "reactions", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "fewer", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "reactions", "less_effect_prop": "reactions", "less_cause_dir": "reactions" }
QRQA-10317-4
A doubling of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon will cause _____ isomers.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As you increase the number of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon, the number of isomers quickly increases.
QRSent-10317
{ "effect_prop": "isomers", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "isomers", "less_effect_prop": "isomers", "less_cause_dir": "isomers" }
QRQA-10213-3-flip
If Mona is building a structure and she wants to make it more functional, what would decreasing the surface area of that structure do?
{ "text": [ "increase functioning", "decrease functioning" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In Life Sciences it is important to note that whenever a structure has an increased surface area, there is an increase in the functioning of that structure.
QRSent-10213
{ "effect_prop": "functioning of that structure", "cause_dir_str": "increased", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "surface area" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "surface area", "more_effect_prop": "functioning", "less_effect_prop": "functioning", "less_cause_dir": "functioning" }
QRQA-10187-1-flip
Water near shore will have _____ dissolved nutrients than water further away shore.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Therefore, water nearer shore usually contains more dissolved nutrients than water farther from shore.
QRSent-10187
{ "effect_prop": "dissolved nutrients", "cause_dir_str": "nearer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "proximity of water to shore" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "shore", "more_effect_prop": "dissolved nutrients", "less_effect_prop": "dissolved nutrients", "less_cause_dir": "dissolved nutrients" }
QRQA-10009-1
Would you expect to see greater allele shift in a population of roses grown in a greenhouse if the greenhouse had
{ "text": [ "20 rose plants", "2,000 rose plants?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The smaller a population is, the more allele frequencies may drift.
QRSent-10009
{ "effect_prop": "allele frequency drift in the population", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "population size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "rose plants", "more_effect_prop": "allele shift in a population", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10383-4
If the speed of a stream decreases, the size of the particles carried in that stream
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In erosion, a slower moving stream will only carry smaller particles.
QRSent-10383
{ "effect_prop": "smaller particles", "cause_dir_str": "slower", "effect_dir_str": "smaller", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "slower moving stream" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_effect_dir": "increase", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "size of particles", "less_effect_prop": "size of particles", "less_cause_dir": "size of particles" }
QRQA-10061-5
Ian wants to be able to see the most light coming from the stars at night, so the telescope that he will use will be
{ "text": [ "larger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Larger telescopes can collect more light.
QRSent-10061
{ "effect_prop": "light", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "telescopes" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "most", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "telescope", "more_effect_prop": "light", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10111-3-flip
If a substance is tested and has low a pH of 1 we could say that the substance is
{ "text": [ "acidic", "basic" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
For bases we can state the folllowing: The higher the pH of a substance, the more basic it is.
QRSent-10111
{ "effect_prop": "basic", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "pH value" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "basic", "less_effect_prop": "basic", "less_cause_dir": "basic" }
QRQA-10079-1
Between a marble and a cannon ball, both travelling at the same speed, the object with the greater momentum would be
{ "text": [ "the cannon ball", "the marble?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more mass a moving object has or the faster its moving, the greater its momentum.
QRSent-10079
{ "effect_prop": "object's momentum", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "a moving object's mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "marble", "more_effect_prop": "momentum", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10086-2
The waves in the ocean are tall meaning they have a _____ amplitude.
{ "text": [ "high", "low" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The higher the crests of a wave are, the greater the amplitude.
QRSent-10086
{ "effect_prop": "amplitude", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "height" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "high", "less_effect_dir": "low amplitude", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "amplitude", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10058-1
If there are more bacteria with the right mutation, will the occurrence of the mutation become
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Bacteria with a mutation the helps resist antibiotics increase in numbers, so the mutation becomes more common.
QRSent-10058
{ "effect_prop": "commonness of the mutation", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "bacteria with the right mutation" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "occurrence of the mutation", "less_effect_prop": "occurrence of the mutation", "less_cause_dir": "occurrence of the mutation" }
QRQA-10332-3
Eric added branching isomers to one solution, and left the other solution alone. The isomer solution now has a _____ boiling point.
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more branching there is in isomers, the lower the boiling and melting points are.
QRSent-10332
{ "effect_prop": "boiling point", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "branching in isomers" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "solution", "more_effect_prop": "boiling point", "less_effect_prop": "boiling point", "less_cause_dir": "boiling point" }
QRQA-10374-4-flip
If Mary is running and race and begins to breathe hard, what happens to the air pressure in her lungs as she expands her chest?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Exhaling, or breathing out, decreases the size of the chest, which increases air pressure inside the lungs.
QRSent-10374
{ "effect_prop": "air pressure inside the lungs", "cause_dir_str": "decreases", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "size of the chest" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "air pressure in her lungs", "less_effect_prop": "air pressure in her lungs", "less_cause_dir": "air pressure in her lungs" }
QRQA-10085-2-flip
If Mona is building an electrical machine and she decreases the length of the wire feeding power to it, what happens to the resistance of that wire?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Longer wires have more resistance than shorter wires.
QRSent-10085
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "longer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Longer wires" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "length", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10145-3-flip
James left a pot of water in the refrigerator. As the water started to cool down, what would happen to the rate of evaporation?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In transipration, at warmer temperatures water molecules move faster, and the rate of evaporation from stomata is therefore much faster.
QRSent-10145
{ "effect_prop": "evaporation", "cause_dir_str": "warmer", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperatures" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "water", "more_effect_prop": "rate of evaporation", "less_effect_prop": "rate of evaporation", "less_cause_dir": "rate of evaporation" }
QRQA-10031-1-flip
A smaller amount of force has _____ acceleration than a large amount of force
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The smaller its mass is, the greater its acceleration for a given amount of force.
QRSent-10031
{ "effect_prop": "acceleration", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass for a given amount of force" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "MORE", "less_effect_dir": "LESS", "less_cause_prop": "force", "more_effect_prop": "acceleration", "less_effect_prop": "acceleration", "less_cause_dir": "acceleration" }
QRQA-10195-5-flip
Sue weighs 50kg while Tom weighs 100kg, who has less gravity?
{ "text": [ "Sue", "Tom" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Less massive objects also have less gravity than more massive objects.
QRSent-10195
{ "effect_prop": "gravity", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "massive objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "weighs", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "gravity", "less_cause_dir": "gravity" }
QRQA-10222-4
Rick had a rock (Rock A) from 1000 feet beneath the crust's surface. He later dug 3000 feet deeper and got a second rock (Rock B). Which rock is likely older?
{ "text": [ "Rock A", "Rock B" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Older rocks are at the bottom and younger rocks are at the top.
QRSent-10222
{ "effect_prop": "at the bottom", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "bottom", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "older rocks" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "3000 feet deeper", "less_effect_dir": "1000 feet beneath the crust's surface", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "rock", "less_effect_prop": "rock", "less_cause_dir": "rock" }
QRQA-10251-5-flip
Someone that has very little energy will be
{ "text": [ "slow", "fast" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more energy the particles in matter have, the faster and more strongly they vibrate.
QRSent-10251
{ "effect_prop": "speed", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "energy" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "fast", "less_effect_dir": "slow", "less_cause_prop": "energy", "more_effect_prop": "someone", "less_effect_prop": "someone", "less_cause_dir": "someone" }
QRQA-10022-2
Ann and Bob were both farmers. Ann lived in a warm climate while Bob lived in a colder climate. When they compared notes they found that the number of crops they could successfully grow was different. Who's farm would be able to grow more types of crops?
{ "text": [ "Bob", "Ann" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The warmer a climate is, the more types of vegetation it will have and the greater the rate of biological weathering.
QRSent-10022
{ "effect_prop": "types of vegetation", "cause_dir_str": "warmer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "warmer a climate" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "climate", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10208-4-flip
John was watching the particle accelerator and made an observation. The lesser an objects mass and velocity, the kinetic energy was
{ "text": [ "Greater", "Less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
An object with greater mass or greater velocity has more kinetic energy.
QRSent-10208
{ "effect_prop": "kinetic energy", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "Greater", "less_effect_dir": "Less", "less_cause_prop": "mass", "more_effect_prop": "kinetic energy", "less_effect_prop": "kinetic energy", "less_cause_dir": "kinetic energy" }
QRQA-10382-4-flip
Tina is drinking water. Tina blows slowly on the surface of the water. The faster she blows, the _____ the waves are.
{ "text": [ "smaller", "bigger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The faster, longer, and farther the wind blows, the bigger the waves are.
QRSent-10382
{ "effect_prop": "bigger waves", "cause_dir_str": "faster, longer, and farther", "effect_dir_str": "bigger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "faster wind blows" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "bigger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "surface of the water", "more_effect_prop": "waves", "less_effect_prop": "saves", "less_cause_dir": "saves" }
QRQA-10268-2
Milo is flying a rocket in the mesosphere. If he increases his altitude, what happens to the temperature?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In the mesosphere, temperature decreases as altitude increases.
QRSent-10268
{ "effect_prop": "temperature", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "altitude" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "temperature", "less_effect_dir": "temperature", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "increases", "less_effect_prop": "decreases", "less_cause_dir": "decreases" }
QRQA-10334-4-flip
If Mona is a nursing mother and her body begins producing less prolactin then before, what happens to the amount of milk she will produce?
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more the baby suckles, the more prolactin is released, which causes more milk to be produced.
QRSent-10334
{ "effect_prop": "milk", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "prolactin" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "prolactin", "more_effect_prop": "amount of milk", "less_effect_prop": "amount of milk", "less_cause_dir": "amount of milk" }
QRQA-10150-1-flip
The farther that water gets from the shore the _____ nutrients there are.
{ "text": [ "more", "fewer" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Most nutrients are washed into ocean water from land. Therefore, water closer to shore tends to have more nutrients.
QRSent-10150
{ "effect_prop": "nutrients", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance from shore" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "fewer", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "nutrients", "less_effect_prop": "nutrients", "less_cause_dir": "nutrients" }
QRQA-10261-5-flip
Planets moving closer together will have _____ magnetic attraction.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As the distance between the objects increases the magnetic force of attraction decreases.
QRSent-10261
{ "effect_prop": "magnetic attraction", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "distance between objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "magnetic attraction", "less_effect_prop": "magnetic attraction", "less_cause_dir": "magnetic attraction" }
QRQA-10386-5
Mike is stretching a rubber band out. The harder he pulls, and the more he stretches it, the resistance of the band is
{ "text": [ "greater", "lesser" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The farther you stretch the band, the greater the resistance is.
QRSent-10386
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "far" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "lesser", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10051-2
As waves get smaller the frequency of them
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Wave frequency can be measured by counting the number of crests or compressions that pass the point in 1 second or other time period. The higher the number is, the greater is the frequency of the wave.
QRSent-10051
{ "effect_prop": "frequency", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "number" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "waves", "more_effect_prop": "frequency", "less_effect_prop": "frequency", "less_cause_dir": "frequency" }
QRQA-10164-3
Donna is noting that the atmosphere doesn't seem very dense where she's visiting, so compared to her home she must be at an altitude that is
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The density of the atmosphere decreases with an increase in the height above sea level (altitude).
QRSent-10164
{ "effect_prop": "height above sea level", "cause_dir_str": "decreases", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "dense atmosphere" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "dense", "more_effect_prop": "altitude", "less_effect_prop": "altitude", "less_cause_dir": "altitude" }
QRQA-10405-3-flip
Tasha is studying birth rates in various countries. She looks at two countries. In South Africa, the food supply is currently higher than in Australia. Because of this, the birth rate in South Africa, compared to Australia, will be
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Low food supply or a lack of space can lower birth rates, increase death rates, or lead to emigration.
QRSent-10405
{ "effect_prop": "birth rates", "cause_dir_str": "low", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "food supply" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "birth rate", "less_effect_prop": "birth rate", "less_cause_dir": "birth rate" }
QRQA-10109-2-flip
If Mona sells her electric car and switches to a gas car, what will happen to the amount of pollution she produces?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Plug-in hybrids run for a longer time on electricity and so are less polluting than regular hybrids.
QRSent-10109
{ "effect_prop": "polluting", "cause_dir_str": "longer", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "electricity" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "car", "more_effect_prop": "pollution", "less_effect_prop": "pollution", "less_cause_dir": "pollution" }
QRQA-10389-4-flip
Mike needed to get a dark picture . In order to get the darkest photo, Mike made the exposure
{ "text": [ "longer", "shorter" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The longer the exposure, the more light that the telescope can gather to make the image.
QRSent-10389
{ "effect_prop": "light let in", "cause_dir_str": "longer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "exposure" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "darkest", "less_cause_prop": "exposure", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "photo", "less_cause_dir": "photo" }
QRQA-10277-1
David spent a lot of money to buy tons of things for his house, but he ended up with a lot of things that were
{ "text": [ "wasted", "saved" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Increased resource use generally means more waste; electronic waste from developed nations is a growing problem in the developing world.
QRSent-10277
{ "effect_prop": "waste", "cause_dir_str": "increased", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resource" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "wasted", "less_effect_dir": "saved", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "things", "less_effect_prop": "things", "less_cause_dir": "things" }
QRQA-10152-4-flip
Timmy tested his chemicals by subtracting water and noticed _____ reactions.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
More water allows more chemical reactions.
QRSent-10152
{ "effect_prop": "Chemical reactions", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "water", "more_effect_prop": "reactions", "less_effect_prop": "reactions", "less_cause_dir": "reactions" }
QRQA-10265-4-flip
Theresa made a device that uses 25% of usable energy. Ryan made a device that uses 10% of usable energy. _____ made a device that is less efficient.
{ "text": [ "Theresa", "Ryan" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more efficient a device is, the greater the percentage of usable energy it produces.
QRSent-10265
{ "effect_prop": "the percentage of usable energy it produces", "cause_dir_str": "more efficient", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "efficient a device is" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less efficient", "less_cause_prop": "device", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "device", "less_cause_dir": "device" }
QRQA-10266-2-flip
Dilbert had a well that he used since he was a child that filled up. This likely occurred because the water table
{ "text": [ "rose", "dropped" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As the water is pumped out, the water table slowly falls, requiring wells to be dug deeper, which takes more money and energy.
QRSent-10266
{ "effect_prop": "wells dug deeper", "cause_dir_str": "falls", "effect_dir_str": "deeper", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "water table" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "water table", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10059-1
Compared to the Sun, which is an average star, would star WR 102, which is the hottest known star, be
{ "text": [ "brighter than the Sun", "dimmer than the Sun?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The hotter a main sequence star is, the brighter it is.
QRSent-10059
{ "effect_prop": "brightness", "cause_dir_str": "hotter", "effect_dir_str": "brighter", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "heat of a star" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "brighter than the Sun", "less_effect_dir": "dimmer than the Sun", "less_cause_prop": "the Sun", "more_effect_prop": "WR 102", "less_effect_prop": "WR 102", "less_cause_dir": "WR 102" }
QRQA-10200-2-flip
If Jon subtracts more weight from his car, he will need to use _____ energy.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Lighter, more streamlined vehicles need less energy.
QRSent-10200
{ "effect_prop": "less energy needed", "cause_dir_str": "lighter", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "weight of a vehicle" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "weight", "more_effect_prop": "energy use", "less_effect_prop": "energy use", "less_cause_dir": "energy use" }
QRQA-10224-3-flip
In ancient times, there was worse medicine. This means there was a _____ death rate.
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
More recently, the death rate has fallen because of the availability of more food and medical advances.
QRSent-10224
{ "effect_prop": "death rate", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "fallen", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "medical advances" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "medicine", "more_effect_prop": "death rate", "less_effect_prop": "death rate", "less_cause_dir": "death rate" }
QRQA-10061-4-flip
Milo works as an astronomer and he has multiple telescopes at his disposal. If he is looking at the stars through a large telescope and then moves to a smaller one, will the amount of light collected by the smaller one be
{ "text": [ "greater", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Larger telescopes can collect more light.
QRSent-10061
{ "effect_prop": "collect more light", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Larger telescopes" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "telescope", "more_effect_prop": "amount of light", "less_effect_prop": "amount of light", "less_cause_dir": "amount of light" }
QRQA-10285-2
Reid notices changes in the weather and temperature from 100 years ago. This likely was caused by _____ greenhouse gas levels.
{ "text": [ "increased", "decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As greenhouse gases increase, changes will be more extreme.
QRSent-10285
{ "effect_prop": "changes", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "greenhouse gases" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "notices changes", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "greenhouse gas levels", "more_effect_prop": "weather and temperature from 100 years ago", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10200-4-flip
A vehicle that was sleek and aerodynamic and a vehicle that was bulky were each driven the same distance over the same amount of time. Which vehicle needed to more energy to power it?
{ "text": [ "bulky vehicle", "sleek vehicle" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Lighter, more streamlined vehicles need less energy.
QRSent-10200
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "streamlined" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "vehicle", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10402-2
If Mona increases the density of her water by adding chemicals to it, what happens to the space it takes up inside of her pesticide bottle?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
More dense water takes up less space than less dense water.
QRSent-10402
{ "effect_prop": "space", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "dense water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "space", "less_effect_prop": "space", "less_cause_dir": "space" }
QRQA-10348-3-flip
Reid has a very fit genotype. If he compares this genotype to an even more fit genotype, his would be more likely to pass _____ copies of their alleles down.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Genotypes with greater fitness produce more offspring and pass more copies of their alleles to the next generation.
QRSent-10348
{ "effect_prop": "pass more copies of their alleles", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "fitness" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "genotype", "more_effect_prop": "copies of their alleles", "less_effect_prop": "copies of their alleles", "less_cause_dir": "copies of their alleles" }
QRQA-10326-2
John was analyzing some of the results from his sunscreen study. He found that a higher SPF protects the skin
{ "text": [ "Shorter", "Longer" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
A sunscreen with a higher SPF value protects the skin longer.
QRSent-10326
{ "effect_prop": "protection", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "longer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "SPF" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "protects longer", "less_effect_dir": "protects shorter", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "skin", "less_effect_prop": "skin", "less_cause_dir": "skin" }
QRQA-10331-4
If Mona is excavating an archeological site and she discovers some fossils near the surface then compares them to fossils she found deeper down, which fossils will be older?
{ "text": [ "near the surface", "deeper down" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Lower rock layers were laid down earlier, so they are assumed to contain older fossils.
QRSent-10331
{ "effect_prop": "older fossils", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "older", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Lower rock layers" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "older", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "fossils", "more_effect_prop": "fossils", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10354-1
Would Jim's solution become more or less acidic if he increased the concentration of hydrogen atoms in it?
{ "text": [ "more acidic", "less acidic" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
With a higher the concentration of hydrogen ions, a solution is more acidic and has a lower pH.
QRSent-10354
{ "effect_prop": "acidity", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "hydrogen ion concentration" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "acidic", "less_effect_prop": "acidic", "less_cause_dir": "acidic" }
QRQA-10327-5-flip
Tim has a quark and pulls it closer to Rob, who also has a quark. What happens to the attraction force between the quarks?
{ "text": [ "it increases", "it decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Gluons make quarks attract each other more strongly the farther apart the quarks get.
QRSent-10327
{ "effect_prop": "attraction of quarks", "cause_dir_str": "farther apart", "effect_dir_str": "more strongly", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance between quarks" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "quark", "more_effect_prop": "attraction force between the quarks", "less_effect_prop": "attraction force between the quarks", "less_cause_dir": "attraction force between the quarks" }
QRQA-10133-1
If Jim increases the amount of field lines drawn what will happen to the strength of the field?
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more field lines that are drawn, the stronger the field.
QRSent-10133
{ "effect_prop": "stronger the field", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "field lines drawn" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "strength increase", "less_effect_dir": "strength decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "field", "less_effect_prop": "field", "less_cause_dir": "field" }
QRQA-10059-5-flip
Rachel was looking into the night sky. The darkest star is most likely:
{ "text": [ "the hottest", "the coldest" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The hotter a main sequence star is, the brighter it is.
QRSent-10059
{ "effect_prop": "brightness of star", "cause_dir_str": "hotter", "effect_dir_str": "brighter", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "heat of star" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "darkest", "less_cause_prop": "star", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "star", "less_cause_dir": "star" }
QRQA-10289-4-flip
If someone has a smaller than average physical heart then it will beat _____ in order to pump blood.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When the heart expels more blood with each stroke, the heart has to beat less often in order to maintain the same volume of blood flow.
QRSent-10289
{ "effect_prop": "beating", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "less often", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "heart", "more_effect_prop": "beat", "less_effect_prop": "beat", "less_cause_dir": "beat" }
QRQA-10036-1-flip
Jill had two wires in her lab, one was half the thickness of the other and she measured the resistance of each. She saw that the _____ one showed less resistance.
{ "text": [ "thicker", "thinner" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Thicker wires offer less resistance.
QRSent-10036
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "thicker", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "thickness of wires" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "wire", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10153-5-flip
When observing reactants and their particles, Shane decreases the temperature they're exposed to, noting that they now move
{ "text": [ "faster", "slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
At higher temperatures, particles of reactants have more energy, so they move faster.
QRSent-10153
{ "effect_prop": "speed", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "move faster", "less_effect_dir": "move slower", "less_cause_prop": "temperature", "more_effect_prop": "particles", "less_effect_prop": "particles", "less_cause_dir": "particles" }
QRQA-10033-4-flip
Going lower into the thermosphere will result in finding _____ temperatures.
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In the thermosphere, temperatures increase as altitude increases.
QRSent-10033
{ "effect_prop": "increase of temperatures", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "altitude in the thermosphere" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "thermosphere", "more_effect_prop": "temperatures", "less_effect_prop": "temperatures", "less_cause_dir": "temperatures" }
QRQA-10358-2
Johnny was was playing with chalk outside. His mom called him in for lunch, while he was inside his red chalk sat in the sun, and his blue chalk was in the shade. When Johnny returned outside and picked up the red and blue which had a higher temperature?
{ "text": [ "the red chalk", "the blue chalk" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
If two objects have the same mass, the object with the higher temperature has greater thermal energy.
QRSent-10358
{ "effect_prop": "Thermal Energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "in the sun", "less_effect_dir": "in the shade", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "red chalk", "less_effect_prop": "blue chalk", "less_cause_dir": "blue chalk" }
QRQA-10125-3-flip
Karen is feeling very cool, and starts to chill. Her blood flow is decreased, likely because the day is
{ "text": [ "hot", "cold" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
On a hot day, an endotherm may give off more heat by increasing blood flow to the surface of the body.
QRSent-10125
{ "effect_prop": "blood flow", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increasing", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "heat" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "day", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "blood flow", "less_cause_dir": "blood flow" }
QRQA-10251-4
A particle with more energy will vibrate _____ than one with less energy.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more energy the particles in matter have, the faster and more strongly they vibrate.
QRSent-10251
{ "effect_prop": "vibration", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more strongly", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "energy" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "More", "less_effect_dir": "Less", "less_cause_prop": "Vibration", "more_effect_prop": "Particles", "less_effect_prop": "Particles", "less_cause_dir": "Particles" }
QRQA-10069-3
If Mona is comparing sandpaper with notebook paper and she determines that sandpaper is rougher then notebook paper, which object has more friction?
{ "text": [ "sandpaper", "notebook paper" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Rougher surfaces have more friction between them than smoother surfaces.
QRSent-10069
{ "effect_prop": "friction", "cause_dir_str": "rougher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Rougher surfaces" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "friction", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10391-2-flip
Rocks that are buried very shallow are _____ than rocks on the surface.
{ "text": [ "newer", "older" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The main law is the law of superposition. This law states that deeper rock layers are older than layers closer to the surface.
QRSent-10391
{ "effect_prop": "age", "cause_dir_str": "deeper", "effect_dir_str": "older", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "depth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "More", "less_cause_prop": "Age", "more_effect_prop": "_", "less_effect_prop": "Shallow", "less_cause_dir": "Shallow" }
QRQA-10192-2
Eric hears a sound from far away. If this is the first sound he heard, this sound is likely
{ "text": [ "strong", "weak" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The farther the sound waves travel away from the source, the more spread out their energy becomes.
QRSent-10192
{ "effect_prop": "spread out energy", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "more spread out", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "farther away sound waves from a source" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "strong", "less_effect_dir": "weak", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "sound", "less_effect_prop": "sound", "less_cause_dir": "sound" }
QRQA-10005-2
If Mona is playing with a rubber band and she stretches it out, what happens to the amount of elastic force contained in the rubber band?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The elastic force increases the more the material is stretched or compressed.
QRSent-10005
{ "effect_prop": "elastic force", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "material is stretched" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "elastic force", "less_effect_prop": "elastic force", "less_cause_dir": "elastic force" }
QRQA-10077-3
Jim's skin was noticeably darker than his friend Matt's skin. This means that _____ produces more melanin.
{ "text": [ "Jim", "Matt" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
However, the melanocytes of people with darker skin produce more melanin.
QRSent-10077
{ "effect_prop": "melatonin", "cause_dir_str": "darker", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "darkness" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "produces more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "melanin", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10150-4
If Mona is in her sailboat and she takes a sample of the water far away from shore to test for nutrients and compares it to sample that she took while close to the shore, which sample will have more nutrients?
{ "text": [ "close to shore", "far from shore" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Most nutrients are washed into ocean water from land. Therefore, water closer to shore tends to have more nutrients.
QRSent-10150
{ "effect_prop": "nutrients", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "water closer to shore" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "shore", "more_effect_prop": "nutrients", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }