ahmedabdelwahed/Medical_papers_title_and_abstract_NLP_dataset huggingface dataset:
Terrestrial laser scanning and exploratory spatial data analysis for the mapping of weathering forms on rock art panels

Rock art conservators are faced with complex decisions to prioritize rock art panels for protection from destructive forces of weathering. We provide a system to facilitate such decision making that blends traditional remote sensing with interactive techniques of exploratory spatial data analysis. Our system, 'mapping weathering forms in three-dimensional (3D)' (MapWeF) uses a 3D laser scanning device for sub-centimetre data collection from in situ rock surfaces. After image and digital surface model processing, key rock weathering forms are highlighted through classification. Supervised classification builds training classes as a user probes known weathering forms. Guided by these training classes, the user then interactively brushes and assembles pixels from scatter plots until the user is confident that all manifestations of a particular weathering form have been mapped. The purpose of MapWeF is to construct detailed maps that highlight regions of decay on rock art panels. These maps can help rock art conservators take action on panels in need of urgent preservation or remediation.
Unsupervised detection of acoustic events using information bottleneck principle

An unsupervised approach based on Information Bottleneck (IB) principle is proposed for detecting acoustic events from audio streams. In this paper, the IB principle is first concisely presented, and then the practical issues related to the application of IB principle to acoustic event detection are described in detail, including definitions of various variables, criterion for determining the number of acoustic events, tradeoff between amount of information preserved and compression of the initial representation, and detection steps. Further, we compare the proposed approach with both unsupervised and supervised approaches on four different types of audio files. Experimental results show that the proposed approach obtains lower detection errors and higher running speed compared to two state-of-the-art unsupervised approaches, and is little inferior to the state-of-the-art supervised approach in terms of both detection errors and runtime. The advantage of the proposed unsupervised approach over the supervised approach is that it does not need to pre-train classifiers and pre-know any prior information about audio streams. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Service implementation in manufacturing: An organisational transformation perspective

The topic of servitization of manufacturing continues to gain attention from both the engineering and business research communities. As a consequence, the conceptual foundations of servitization are now becoming better established, and attention is focusing on the processes through which manufacturers go to develop innovative service capabilities that enable them to successfully compete through services. This Special Issue sets out to focus on these transformation processes. In this introductory article we review the selected articles that comprise this Special Issue. We provide a framework to contextualize and understand the research findings reported in the Special Issue and reflect on the contributions of the research to the theory and practice of servitization. Through this process we seek to consolidate the state-of-the-art in this area and identify important, challenging, but potentially fruitful topics for future studies. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V.
State of the art in structural health monitoring of offshore and marine structures

The present paper deals with state of the art in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) methods in offshore and marine structures. Most of the SHM methods have been developed for onshore infrastructures. Few works are available to implement SHM technologies in offshore and marine structures. This paper aims to fill this gap and highlight the challenges in implementing SHM methods in offshore and marine structures. The present work categorizes the available techniques for establishing SHM models in oil rigs, offshore wind turbine structures, subsea systems, vessels, pipelines etc. Besides, the capabilities of the proposed ideas in the recent publications are classified into three main categories: a) the Model-Based, b) the Vibration-Based, and c) the Digital Twin methods. Recently developed novel signal processing and machine learning algorithms have been reviewed, and their abilities have been discussed. Developed methods in Vision-Based and Population-Based approaches have also been presented and discussed. The present paper aims to provide a guideline for selecting and establishing SHM in offshore and marine structures.
Dilated Residual Learning With Skip Connections for Real-Time Denoising of Laser Speckle Imaging of Blood Flow in a Log-Transformed Domain

Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is a wide-field and noncontact imaging technology for mapping blood flow. Although the denoising method based on block-matching and three-dimensional transform-domain collaborative filtering (BM3D) was proposed to improve its signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) significantly, the processing time makes it difficult to realize real-time denoising. Furthermore, it is still difficult to obtain an acceptable level of SNR with a few raw speckle images given the presence of significant noise and artifacts. A feed-forward denoising convolutional neural network (DnCNN) achieves state-of-the-art performance in denoising nature images and is efficiently accelerated by GPU. However, it performs poorly in learning with original speckle contrast images of LSCI owing to the inhomogeneous noise distribution. Therefore, we propose training DnCNN for LSCI in a log-transformed domain to improve training accuracy and it achieves an improvement of 5.13 dB in the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). To decrease the inference time and improve denoising performance, we further propose a dilated deep residual learning network with skip connections (DRSNet). The image-quality evaluations of DRSNet with five raw speckle images outperform that of spatially average denoising with 20 raw speckle images. DRSNet takes 35 ms (i.e., 28 frames per second) for denoising a blood flow image with $486\times648$ pixels on an NVIDIA 1070 GPU, which is approximately 2.5 times faster than DnCNN. In the test sets, DRSNet also improves 0.15 dB in the PSNR than that of DnCNN. The proposed network shows good potential in real-time monitoring of blood flow for biomedical applications.
'It's a different way to do medicine': Exploring the affordances of telehealth for hepatitis C healthcare

While the use of telehealth was common in hepatitis C healthcare in Australia in remote and regional areas prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, it has been used more broadly to improve access to hepatitis C heathcare during the pandemic. Despite its widespread uptake, little research has explored how telehealth shapes hepatitis C healthcare. In this article, we draw on the concept of affordances (Latour, 2002) and interviews with 25 healthcare practitioners to explore the emergent possibilities for hepatitis C care that take shape through telehealth. Despite suggestions that telehealth is comparable to in-person care, healthcare practitioners' accounts suggest that telehealth significantly changes the nature of their experience of providing healthcare for hepatitis C. According to these service practitioners, while it increased access to hepatitis C healthcare during the pandemic, it also afforded narrower, less personal healthcare encounters, with a focus on simple and singular issues, and reduced opportunities for communication and rapport. These affordances also discouraged the use of interpreters and by extension the inclusion of patients from non-English speaking backgrounds. However, the data collected also suggest that telehealth has the potential to afford more informal and relaxed healthcare environments and dispositions between healthcare practitioners and patients, potentially disrupting classic practitioner-patient power dynamics. In concluding, the article considers how telehealth models of care might better afford quality hepatitis C healthcare and care beyond COVID-19 pandemic conditions.
Weakly Supervised Classification of Hyperspectral Image Based on Complementary Learning

In recent years, supervised learning-based methods have achieved excellent performance for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. However, the collection of training samples with labels is not only costly but also time-consuming. This fact usually causes the existence of weak supervision, including incorrect supervision where mislabeled samples exist and incomplete supervision where unlabeled samples exist. Focusing on the inaccurate supervision and incomplete supervision, the weakly supervised classification of HSI is investigated in this paper. For inaccurate supervision, complementary learning (CL) is firstly introduced for HSI classification. Then, a new method, which is based on selective CL and convolutional neural network (SeCL-CNN), is proposed for classification with noisy labels. For incomplete supervision, a data augmentation-based method, which combines mixup and Pseudo-Label (Mix-PL) is proposed. And then, a classification method, which combines Mix-PL and CL (Mix-PL-CL), is designed aiming at better semi-supervised classification capacity of HSI. The proposed weakly supervised methods are evaluated on three widely-used hyperspectral datasets (i.e., Indian Pines, Houston, and Salinas datasets). The obtained results reveal that the proposed methods provide competitive results compared to the state-of-the-art methods. For inaccurate supervision, the proposed SeCL-CNN has outperformed the state-of-the-art method (i.e., SSDP-CNN) by 0.92%, 1.84%, and 1.75% in terms of OA on the three datasets, when the noise ratio is 30%. And for incomplete supervision, the proposed Mix-PL-CL has outperformed the state-of-the-art method (i.e., AROC-DP) by 1.03%, 0.70%, and 0.82% in terms of OA on the three datasets, with 25 training samples per class.
Smoke promotes germination of peatland bryophyte spores

Northern peatlands are globally important carbon stores. With increasing fire frequency, the re-establishment of bryophytes becomes crucial for their carbon sequestration. Smoke-responsive germination is a common trait of seeds in fire-prone ecosystems but has not been demonstrated in bryophytes. To investigate the potential role of smoke in post-fire peatland recovery, we tested the germination of spores of 15 bryophyte species after treatment with smoke-water. The smoke responsiveness of spores with different laboratory storage times and burial depths/age (3-200 years) was subsequently tested. Smoke increased the germination percentage for 10 of the species and the germination speed for four of these. Smoke responsiveness increased along the fire frequency gradient from open expanse to forest margin, consistent with the theory that this selects for the maintenance of fire-adapted traits. Smoke enhanced the germinability of 1-year but not 4-year laboratory-stored spores, and considerably increased the germinability of spores naturally buried in peat for up to ~200 years. The effect of fire may be overlooked in non-fire-prone ecosystems, such as those in which wetland bryophytes dominate. Our study reveals a mechanism by which an increase in fire frequency may lead to shifts in species dominance, which may affect long-term carbon sequestration in peatlands.
First-time mothers' experiences of pregnancy and birth following assisted reproductive technology treatment in Taiwan

BackgroundAssisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment tends to involve significant physical and emotional commitments that can impact maternal, infant, and family health and well-being. An in-depth understanding of experiences is necessary to provide adequate support for women and their families during pregnancy and transition to parenthood following ART treatment. The aim of this study was to explore first-time mothers' experiences of pregnancy and transition to parenthood following successful ART treatment in Taiwan.MethodTwelve first-time mothers who conceived and gave live birth using ART treatment were purposively selected from a fertility centre in Taipei, Taiwan. Women's experiences in pregnancy and in their transition to motherhood were explored using semi-structured in-depth interviews. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed using the Colaizzi strategy.ResultsThe mothers' accounts reflected three main themes: being different from mothers who became pregnant naturally', ensuring health and safety of the foetus', and welcoming new lives with excitement'. The difference mothers felt about themselves was evident in four subthemes: becoming pregnant after a long wait, feeling vulnerable during pregnancy, relying on family's assistance and support, and worrying about the impact of ART on health. The theme on ensuring health and safety of the foetus' encompassed three subthemes: activities to protect the unborn baby, monitoring foetal movement constantly to maintain peace of mind, and receiving foetal reduction for the sake of the pregnancy. Narratives around welcoming new lives with excitement' reflected four subthemes: overcoming hardship for worthwhile results, realising one's life and dreams, proving to be fertile enough to give birth, and return to normal life track.ConclusionFindings indicate the need for educational and psychosocial interventions to support women and their families physically and psychologically during ART treatment. The stigma related to infertility and the psychosocial support from family are aspects to consider while planning intervention programmes.
Mapping pontocerebellar connectivity with diffusion MRI

The cerebellum's involvement in cognitive, affective and motor functions is mediated by connections to different regions of the cerebral cortex. A distinctive feature of cortico-cerebellar loops that has been demonstrated in the animal work is a topographic organization that is preserved across its corticopontine, pontocerebellar, and cerebello-thalmo-cortical segments. Here we used tractography derived from diffusion imaging data to characterize the connections between the pons and the individual lobules of the cerebellum and generate a parcellation of the pons and middle cerebellar peduncle based on the pattern of connectivity. We identified a rostral to caudal gradient in the pons, similar to that observed in the animal work, such that rostral regions were preferentially connected to cerebellar lobules involved in non-motor, and caudal regions with motor regions. These findings advance our fundamental understanding of the cerebellum, and the parcellations we generated provide context for future research into the pontocerebellar tract's involvement in health and disease.
A new relative chain code in 3D

A new chain code to represent 3D discrete curves is proposed. The method is based on a search for relative changes in the 3D Euclidean space, composed of three main vectors: a reference vector, a support vector, and a change direction vector, utilized to obtain a directed simple path in a grid of 26 connected components. A set of rotation transformations is defined in the 3D Euclidean space, and an alphabet of only 25 symbols is required to represent any face, edge or vertex-connected discrete curve. Important properties of this code are found: independence under translation, rotation and mirror transformations, as well as high compression levels. A set of 3D curve-skeletons and digital elevation model data to study the terrain were utilized to prove the proposed code. Compared with the state-of-the-art, our method has more advantages: at first, it represents voxelized paths independently of vicinity, also it gives better representation for the tested objects and detects better the redundant parts. This fact is shown in the entropy calculated for 3D curve-skeletons: our method gives 3.03 bits/symbol, whereas the state-of-the-art method gives 435 bits/symbol. On the other hand, our proposed chain code uses 23% less memory than the well known Freeman code of 26 directions. In case of digital elevation models, our method improves memory for 36.1% regarding Freeman code and 10.7% regarding the well known relative code called orthogonal direction change chain code. Finally, average length of the chain code proposed is 14% shorter than the relative code of the state-of-the-art. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Enterovirus strain and type-specific differences in growth kinetics and virus-induced cell destruction in human pancreatic duct epithelial HPDE cells

Enterovirus infections have been suspected to be involved in the development of type 1 diabetes. However, the pathogenetic mechanism of enterovirus-induced type 1 diabetes is not known. Pancreatic ductal cells are closely associated with pancreatic islets. Therefore, enterovirus infections in ductal cells may also affect beta-cells and be involved in the induction of type 1 diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of different enterovirus strains to infect, replicate and produce cytopathic effect in human pancreatic ductal cells. Furthermore, the viral factors that affect these capabilities were studied. The pancreatic ductal cells were highly susceptible to enterovirus infections. Both viral growth and cytolysis were detected for several enterovirus serotypes. However, the viral growth and capability to induce cytopathic effect (cpe) did not correlate completely. Some of the virus strains replicated in ductal cells without apparent cpe. Furthermore, there were strain-specific differences in the growth kinetics and the ability to cause cpe within some serotypes. Viral adaptation experiments were carried out to study the potential genetic determinants behind these phenotypic differences. The blind-passage of non-lytic CV-B6-Schmitt strain in HPDE-cells resulted in lytic phenotype and increased progeny production. This was associated with the substitution of a single amino acid (K257E) in the virus capsid protein VP1 and the viral ability to use decay accelerating factor (DAF) as a receptor. This study demonstrates considerable plasticity in the cell tropism, receptor usage and cytolytic properties of enteroviruses and underlines the strong effect of single or few amino acid substitutions in cell tropism and lytic capabilities of a given enterovirus. Since ductal cells are anatomically close to pancreatic islets, the capability of enteroviruses to infect and destroy pancreatic ductal cells may also implicate in respect to enterovirus induced type 1 diabetes. In addition, the capability for rapid adaptation to different cell types suggests that, on occasion, enterovirus strains with different pathogenetic properties may arise from less pathogenic ancestors.
Age-Related Learning and Working Memory Impairment in the Common Marmoset

Aging is the greatest risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative diseases, yet we still do not understand how the aging process leads to pathologic vulnerability. The research community has relied heavily on mouse models, but the considerable anatomic, physiological, and cognitive differences between mice and humans limit their translational relevance. Ultimately, these barriers necessitate the development of novel aging models. As a nonhuman primate (NHP), the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) shares many features in common with humans and yet has a significantly shorter lifespan (10 years) than other primates, making it ideally suited to longitudinal studies of aging. Our objective was to evaluate the marmoset as a model of age-related cognitive impairment. To do this, we used the Delayed Recognition Span Task (DRST) to characterize age-related changes in working memory capacity in a cohort of sixteen marmosets, of both sexes, varying in age from young adult to geriatric. These monkeys performed thousands of trials over periods of time ranging up to 50% of their adult lifespan. To our knowledge, this represents the most thorough cognitive profiling of any marmoset aging study conducted to date. By analyzing individual learning curves, we found that aged animals exhibited delayed onset of learning, slowed learning rate after onset, and decreased asymptotic working memory performance. These findings are not accounted for by age-related impairments in motor speed and motivation. This work firmly establishes the marmoset as a model of age-related cognitive impairment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Understanding the normal aging process is fundamental to identifying therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases for which aging is the biggest risk factor. Historically, the aging field has relied on animal models that differ markedly from humans, constraining translatability. Here, we firmly establish a short-lived nonhuman primate (NHP), the common marmoset, as a key model of age-related cognitive impairment. We demonstrate, through continuous testing over a substantial portion of the adult marmoset lifespan, that aging is associated with both impaired learning and working memory capacity, unaccounted for by age-related changes in motor speed and motivation. Characterizing individual cognitive aging trajectories reveals inherent heterogeneity, which could lead to earlier identification of the onset of impairment, and extended timelines during which therapeutics are effective.
What's behind your eosinophilic myocarditis? A case of Churg-Strauss syndrome diagnosed during acute heart failure

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare multisystem disorder; cardiac involvement may include eosinophilic myocarditis. A 67-year-old woman presented with 1-week history of dyspnoea and orthopnoea. She had a history of adult-onset asthma and peripheral eosinophilia. The investigations showed T-wave inversion on lateral leads, peripheral eosinophilia, elevated troponin and BNP values, and severe biventricular systolic dysfunction with diffuse hypokinesia and apical akinesia. Computed tomography excluded coronary disease and showed bilateral basal ground-glass opacities, air-space consolidation, and bilateral reticular-nodular pattern. Cardiac magnetic resonance findings were compatible with active myocardial inflammation. An endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) confirmed the diagnosis of eosinophilic myocarditis, and a therapy with oral corticosteroids and heart failure medications was started.
Determination of cadmium in Chinese pepper and its health implications based on bioaccessibility

The contamination of cadmium (Cd) in agro-products causes major concern because of its potential dietary risks. In this study, a total of 647 pepper samples from 21 provinces in China were randomly collected according to the distribution of pepper production. Cd pollution levels in Chinses pepper and its health risks were evaluated based on bioaccessibility, which was measured by the physiologically based extraction test (PBET). The results showed that Cd concentration in all pepper ranged from 0.002 to 1.470 mg/kg, with an average of 0.222 mg/kg and a median of 0.132 mg/kg. The highest daily intake of Cd was observed in the female child group (4.037 × 10-5 mg/kg bw/day), which accounted for 4% of the maximum daily permissible dose - 0.001 mg/kg bw/day. The target hazard quotients of Cd were all lower than 1, indicating low potential non-carcinogenic health risks to residents via the consumption of pepper. Notably, carcinogenic risk values suggested potential adverse health effects to adults, while after considering the bioaccessibility of Cd in pepper (mean of 43.07%), those values had fallen under the acceptable level (1 × 10-4). This may indicate that dietary risk assessment of heavy metals in crops could not be conducted just based on their content; the bioaccessibility of metals is also an important factor for consideration.