ahmedabdelwahed/Medical_papers_title_and_abstract_NLP_dataset huggingface dataset:
Photocatalytic removal of organic dye using green synthesized zinc oxide coupled cadmium tungstate nanocomposite under natural solar light irradiation

In this work, zinc oxide coupled cadmium tungstate (ZnO-CT) was prepared as a nano-photocatalyst through a green synthesis route using lemon leaf extract and characterized based on diverse microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. To explore the applicabilties of the prepared nanocomposite (NC), its photocatalytic activity has been investigated against Congo red (CR) dye under natural solar light irradiation conditions. ZnO- CT nano-photocatalyst showcases 97% photocatalytic degradation of the CR after 90 min of natural solar light irradiation with quantum yield of 1.16 × 10-8 molecules photon-1. The ZnO-CT NC has shown the enhanced photocatalytic degradation performance against CR when compared to its pristine forms (e.g., ZnO (70%) or CT (44%)). According to the free radical trapping and quenching experiments, the photocatalytic activity of ZnO-CT NC appears to be driven efficiently by superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. The photocatalytic degradation kinetics for CR dye was also studied using the pseudo-first-order, diffusional, and Singh models. The high photocatalytic activity of ZnO-CT NC can be accounted for by the presence of electron-withdrawing functional groups like acids (-COOH) and aldehydes (-CHO) on its surface which helped maintain the prolonged recombination of charge carriers and enhanced stability of ZnO-CT (with moderately low leaching rate of cadmium ions (∼2-5%)).
Interventional Tool Tracking Using Discrete Optimization

This work presents a novel scheme for tracking of motion and deformation of interventional tools such as guide-wires and catheters in fluoroscopic X-ray sequences. Being able to track and thus to estimate the correct positions of these tools is crucial in order to offer guidance enhancement during interventions. The task of estimating the apparent motion is particularly challenging due to the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of fluoroscopic images and due to combined motion components originating from patient breathing and tool interactions performed by the physician. The presented approach is based on modeling interventional tools with B-splines whose optimal configuration of control points is determined through efficient discrete optimization. Each control point corresponds to a discrete random variable in a Markov random field (MRF) formulation where a set of labels represents the deformation space. In this context, the optimal curve corresponds to the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate of the MRF energy. The main motivation for employing a discrete approach is the possibility to incorporate a multi-directional search space which is robust to local minima. This is of particular interest for curve tracking under large deformation. This work analyzes feasibility of employing efficient first-order MRFs for tracking. In particular it shows how to achieve a good compromise between energy approximations and computational efficiency. Experimental results suggest to define both the external and internal energy in terms of pairwise potential functions. The method was successfully applied to the tracking of guide-wires in fluoroscopic X-ray sequences of several hundred frames which requires extremely robust techniques. Comparisons with state-of-the-art guide-wire tracking algorithms confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Alternating regimes of shallow and deep-sea diversification explain a species-richness paradox in marine fishes

The deep sea contains a surprising diversity of life, including iconic fish groups such as anglerfishes and lanternfishes. Still, >65% of marine teleost fish species are restricted to the photic zone <200 m, which comprises less than 10% of the ocean's total volume. From a macroevolutionary perspective, this paradox may be explained by three hypotheses: 1) shallow water lineages have had more time to diversify than deep-sea lineages, 2) shallow water lineages have faster rates of speciation than deep-sea lineages, or 3) shallow-to-deep sea transition rates limit deep-sea richness. Here we use phylogenetic comparative methods to test among these three non-mutually exclusive hypotheses. While we found support for all hypotheses, the disparity in species richness is better described as the uneven outcome of alternating phases that favored shallow or deep diversification over the past 200 million y. Shallow marine teleosts became incredibly diverse 100 million y ago during a period of warm temperatures and high sea level, suggesting the importance of reefs and epicontinental settings. Conversely, deep-sea colonization and speciation was favored during brief episodes when cooling temperatures increased the efficiency of the ocean's carbon pump. Finally, time-variable ecological filters limited shallow-to-deep colonization for much of teleost history, which helped maintain higher shallow richness. A pelagic lifestyle and large jaws were associated with early deep-sea colonists, while a demersal lifestyle and a tapered body plan were typical of later colonists. Therefore, we also suggest that some hallmark characteristics of deep-sea fishes evolved prior to colonizing the deep sea.
Deliberate control of facial expressions in a go/no-go task: An ERP study

In two studies we investigate the role of affective factors and top-down processes underlying production and deliberate control of emotional facial expressions and its neural underpinnings. In Study 1 we examine facial expressions of joy, fear and disgust depending on the emotional content of the visual stimuli (upright faces, inverted faces, emotion inducing pictures without faces). In Study 2 we focus on expressions of joy and disgust depending on gaze direction (with and without eye contact) in a more natural setting with a real person as stimulus. We hypothesized that the more automatic processes are induced by stimuli (e.g., arousal, mimicry or social cues like eye contact) the harder it is to control facial expressions; particularly expressions of joy compared to fear and disgust. In both studies we used go/no-go tasks and showed faster RTs for conditions with upright faces or eye contact, respectively. We also found faster RTs for expressions of joy than of fear and disgust. In Study 1 participants showed more errors in no-go trials for expressions of joy than for expressions of fear and disgust, indicating worse top-down control for expressions of joy than of fear or disgust. An ERP analysis of the no-go P3 in Study 1 revealed larger amplitudes for upright faces compared with both inverted faces and emotion inducing pictures and larger amplitudes for expressions of joy than for disgust. This indicates greater demand of top-down control when automatic mimicry processes are activated and some degree of specificity to particular facial expressions. In Study 2 more errors in no-go trials in conditions with eye contact only for expressions of joy indicate mimicry could be larger for expressions with high affiliative intent like expressions of joy, and reduced mimicry for negative expressions. All results indicate that facial expressions buffered by automatic processes (e.g., mimicry) have a greater need for top-down control, especially expressions of joy compared to expressions of fear and disgust.
On-Chip Integrated Distributed Amplifier and Antenna Systems in SiGe BiCMOS for Transceivers with Ultra-Large Bandwidth

This paper presents an overview of the research work currently being performed within the frame of project DAAB and its successor DAAB-TX towards the integration of ultra-wideband transceivers operating at mm-wave frequencies and capable of data rates up to 100 Gbits-1. Two basic system architectures are being considered: integrating a broadband antenna with a distributed amplifier and integrate antennas centered at adjacent frequencies with broadband active combiners or dividers. The paper discusses in detail the design of such systems and their components, from the distributed amplifiers and combiners, to the broadband silicon antennas and their single-chip integration. All components are designed for fabrication in a commercially available SiGe:C BiCMOS technology. The presented results represent the state of the art in their respective areas: 170 GHz is the highest reported bandwidth for distributed amplifiers integrated in Silicon; 89 GHz is the widest reported bandwidth for integrated-system antennas; the simulated performance of the two antenna integrated receiver spans 105 GHz centered at 148GHz, which would improve the state of the art by a factor in excess of 4 even against III-V implementations, if confirmed by measurements.
Improving the Tourist's Perception of the Tourist Destinations Image: An Analysis of Chinese Kung Fu Film and Television

Cultural media, film, and television works can increase the popularity of the image of tourist destinations, thereby promoting the sustainable development of the tourism industry and obtaining economic benefits. This study takes Chinese kung fu film and television as examples to explore the mechanism of audience participation in the perception of tourist destinations. It further explores the mediating effect of cultural contact. The study took the image perception of tourist destinations as the dependent variable and audience participation as the independent variable. A total of 331 subjects were surveyed, and a multi-layer regression model was established to test the rationality and validity of the hypothetical theoretical model. The research results show that audience participation in martial arts films and television tourism can directly and indirectly affect the audience's perception of martial arts culture. At the same time, the viewer can achieve contact with martial arts culture through film and television, accordingly forming his or her perception of the destination. In other words, film and television audience participation can bring more cultural contact to the audience. In turn, cultural contact can enhance the image perception of tourist destinations and play an important intermediary role in the process of audience participation by enhancing the perception of tourist destinations. By confirming the variable relationship in Wushu film and television tourism, this research fills the gap between the two aspects, which contributes to promoting the two-way interaction between Wushu film and television works and tourism marketing and achieving the long-term sustainable development of tourism destinations.
Exploring the detailed spatiotemporal characteristics of PM2.5: Generating a full-coverage and hourly PM2.5 dataset in the Sichuan Basin, China

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has received worldwide attention due to its threat to public health. In the Sichuan Basin (SCB), PM2.5 is causing heavy health burdens due to its high concentrations and population density. Compared with other heavily polluted areas, less effort has been made to generate a full-coverage PM2.5 dataset of the SCB, in which the detailed PM2.5 spatiotemporal characteristics remain unclear. Considering commonly existing spatiotemporal autocorrelations, the top-of-atmosphere reflectance (TOAR) with a high coverage rate and other auxiliary data were employed to build commonly used random forest (RF) models to generate accurate hourly PM2.5 concentration predictions with a 0.05° × 0.05° spatial resolution in the SCB in 2016. Specifically, with historical concentrations predicted from a spatial RF (S-RF) and observed at stations, an alternative spatiotemporal RF (AST-RF) and spatiotemporal RF (ST-RF) were built in grids with stations (type 1). The predictions from the AST-RF in grids without stations (type 2) and observations in type 1 formed the PM2.5 dataset. The LOOCV R2, RMSE and MAE were 0.94/0.94, 8.71/8.62 μg∕m3 and 5.58/5.57 μg∕m3 in the AST-RF/ST-RF, respectively. Using the produced dataset, spatiotemporal analysis was conducted for a detailed understanding of the spatiotemporal characteristics of PM2.5 in the SCB. The PM2.5 concentrations gradually increased from the edge to the center of the SCB in spatial distribution. Two high-concentration areas centered on Chengdu and Zigong were observed throughout the year, while another high-concentration area centered on Dazhou was only observed in winter. The diurnal variation had double peaks and double valleys in the SCB. The concentrations were high at night and low in daytime, which suggests that characterizing the relationship between PM2.5 and adverse health outcomes by daily means might be inaccurate with most human activities conducted in daytime.
Viterbi algorithm for chirp-rate and instantaneous frequency estimation

An instance of the Viterbi algorithm has been applied to the cubic phase function and chirp-rate estimation. The proposed algorithm has shown excellent performance for high noise environment. The obtained chirp-rate estimate is used in the instantaneous frequency estimation. The proposed instantaneous frequency estimator gives superior performance with respect to the state-of-the-art techniques for signals with non-linear instantaneous frequency. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Benthic studies adjacent to Sakhalin Island, Russia 2015 III: benthic energy density spatial models in the nearshore gray whale feeding area

Energy densities of six dominant benthic groups (Actinopterygii, Amphipoda, Bivalvia, Cumacea, Isopoda, and Polychaeta) and total prey energy were modeled for the nearshore western gray whale feeding area, Sakhalin Island, Russia, as part of a multi-disciplinary research program in the summer of 2015. Energy was modeled using generalized additive mixed models (GAMM) with accommodations for zero-inflation (logistic regression and hurdle models) and regression predictions combined with kriging to interpolate energy densities across the nearshore feeding area. Amphipoda energy density was the highest nearshore and in the south whereas Bivalvia energy density was the highest offshore and in the northern portion of the study area. Total energy was the highest in mid-range distances from shore and in the north. Amphipoda energy density was higher than minimum energy estimates defining gray whale feeding habitats (312-442 kJ/m2) in 13% of the nearshore feeding area whereas total prey energy density was higher than the minimum energy requirement in 49% of the habitat. Inverse distance-weighted interpolations of Amphipoda energy provided a broader scale representation of the data whereas kriging estimates were spatially limited but more representative of higher density in the southern portion of the study area. Both methods represented the general trend of higher Amphipoda energy density nearshore but with significant differences that highlight the value of using multiple methods to model patterns in highly complex environments.
Proprioception and Exteroception of a Soft Robotic Finger Using Neuromorphic Vision-Based Sensing

Equipping soft robotic grippers with sensing and perception capabilities faces significant challenges due to their high compliance and flexibility, limiting their ability to successfully interact with the environment. In this work, we propose a sensorized soft robotic finger with embedded marker pattern that integrates a high-speed neuromorphic event-based camera to enable finger proprioception and exteroception. A learning-based approach involving a convolutional neural network is developed to process event-based heat maps and achieve specific sensing tasks. The feasibility of the sensing approach for proprioception is demonstrated by showing its ability to predict the two-dimensional deformation of three points located on the finger structure, whereas the exteroception capability is assessed in a slip detection task that can classify slip heat maps at a temporal resolution of 2 ms. Our results show that our proposed approach can enable complete sensorization of the finger for both proprioception and exteroception using a single camera without negatively affecting the finger compliance. Using such sensorized finger in robotic grippers may provide safe, adaptive, and precise grasping for handling a wide category of objects.
Error-Aware Design Procedure to Implement Hardware-Efficient Logarithmic Circuits

State-of-the-art accurate logarithmic circuits involve shift-and-add operations which demand a high area cost. In this brief, a design procedure to implement a hardware-efficient logarithmic circuit is proposed which eliminate the use of shift operations. Logarithmic function curve is approximated using multiple regions of unity slope straight lines by adjusting the intercepts. The proposed procedure determines the number of regions and the corresponding intercepts to implement logarithmic circuit for a desired error constraint. Six logarithmic circuits were realized using the design procedure which exhibited maximum absolute error of 0.029, 0.0175, 0.0083, 0.0026, 0.0021 and 0.00179. The designs were synthesized using 65nm CMOS technology. The proposed designs showed up to 83.60%, 91.76% and 94.56% reduction in energy, energy-delay product and area-delay-power product when compared with those of state-of-the-art logarithmic circuits of comparable error.
Hardware-Efficient and Short Sensing-Time Multicoset-Sampling Based Wideband Spectrum Sensor for Cognitive Radio Network

This work proposes implementation friendly algorithm for multicoset sampling based wideband spectrum sensing that alleviates computational space and enables parallel execution, incurring lower latency. Based on this proposed algorithm, we provide a new hardware-efficient VLSI architecture of wideband spectrum sensor (WSSR), which offers short sensing time while sensing the wideband spectrum. Additionally, this paper presents a comprehensive discussion of all the submodule micro-architectures of the proposed WSSR. Subsequently, extensive performance analyses performed in the AWGN channel environment have demonstrated that our WSSR delivers adequate detection probability of 0.9 at -5 dB of SNR. Furthermore, the proposed WSSR design also uses a Zynq UltraScale $+$ FPGA board with a 14.16 $\mu$ s sensing time and a 2.63 GHz maximum sensing bandwidth. Comparison of our hardware implementation results has shown that the proposed WSSR achieves 38.5% higher sensing bandwidth and 90% shorter sensing time, in comparison to the state-of-the-art work. Eventually, this paper concludes by showing the ASIC synthesis and post-layout simulation results of the proposed WSSR in 90 nm-CMOS technology, which senses 5.4 $\times$ wider bandwidth than the state-of-the-art implementation.
PuRe: Robust pupil detection for real-time pervasive eye tracking

Real-time, accurate, and robust pupil detection is an essential prerequisite to enable pervasive eye-tracking and its applications - e.g., gaze-based human computer interaction, health monitoring, foveated rendering, and advanced driver assistance. However, automated pupil detection has proved to be an intricate task in real-world scenarios due to a large mixture of challenges such as quickly changing illumination and occlusions. In this paper, we introduce the Reconstructor (PuRe), a method for pupil detection in pervasive scenarios based on a novel edge segment selection and conditional segment combination schemes; the method also includes a confidence measure for the detected pupil. The proposed method was evaluated on over 316,000 images acquired with four distinct head-mounted eye tracking devices. Results show a pupil detection rate improvement of over 10 percentage points w.r.t. state-of-the-art algorithms in the two most challenging data sets (6.46 for all data sets), further pushing the envelope for pupil detection. Moreover, we advance the evaluation protocol of pupil detection algorithms by also considering eye images in which pupils are not present and contributing a new data set of mostly closed eyes images. In this aspect, PuRe improved precision and specificity w.r.t. state-of-the-art algorithms by 25.05 and 10.94 percentage points, respectively, demonstrating the meaningfulness of PuRe's confidence measure. PuRe operates in real-time for modern eye trackers (at 120 fps) and is fully integrated into EyeRecToo - an open-source state-of-the-art software for pervasive head-mounted eye tracking. The proposed method and data set are available at http://www.ti.uni-tuebingen.de/perception.
The rate and role of pseudogenes of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex

Whole-genome sequence analyses have significantly contributed to the understanding of virulence and evolution of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), the causative pathogens of tuberculosis. Most MTBC evolutionary studies are focused on single nucleotide polymorphisms and deletions, but rare studies have evaluated gene content, whereas none has comprehensively evaluated pseudogenes. Accordingly, we describe an extensive study focused on quantifying and predicting possible functions of MTBC and Mycobacterium canettii pseudogenes. Using NCBI's PGAP-detected pseudogenes, we analysed 25 837 pseudogenes from 158 MTBC and M. canetii strains and combined transcriptomics and proteomics of M. tuberculosis H37Rv to gain insights about pseudogenes' expression. Our results indicate significant variability concerning rate and conservancy of in silico predicted pseudogenes among different ecotypes and lineages of tuberculous mycobacteria and pseudogenization of important virulence factors and genes of the metabolism and antimicrobial resistance/tolerance. We show that in silico predicted pseudogenes contribute considerably to MTBC genetic diversity at the population level. Moreover, the transcription machinery of M. tuberculosis can fully transcribe most pseudogenes, indicating intact promoters and recent pseudogene evolutionary emergence. Proteomics of M. tuberculosis and close evaluation of mutational lesions driving pseudogenization suggest that few in silico predicted pseudogenes are likely capable of neofunctionalization, nonsense mutation reversal, or phase variation, contradicting the classical definition of pseudogenes. Such findings indicate that genome annotation should be accompanied by proteomics and protein function assays to improve its accuracy. While indels and insertion sequences are the main drivers of the observed mutational lesions in these species, population bottlenecks and genetic drift are likely the evolutionary processes acting on pseudogenes' emergence over time. Our findings unveil a new perspective on MTBC's evolution and genetic diversity.