ahmedabdelwahed/Medical_papers_title_and_abstract_NLP_dataset huggingface dataset:
Lunar Crater Identification in Digital Images

It is often necessary to identify a pattern of observed craters in a single image of the lunar surface and without any prior knowledge of the camera's location. This so-called "lost-in-space" crater identification problem is common in both crater-based terrain relative navigation (TRN) and in automatic registration of scientific imagery. Past work on crater identification has largely been based on heuristic schemes, with poor performance outside of a narrowly defined operating regime (e.g., nadir pointing images, small search areas). This work provides the first mathematically rigorous treatment of the general crater identification problem. It is shown when it is (and when it is not) possible to recognize a pattern of elliptical crater rims in an image formed by perspective projection. For the cases when it is possible to recognize a pattern, descriptors are developed using invariant theory that provably capture all of the viewpoint invariant information. These descriptors may be pre-computed for known crater patterns and placed in a searchable index for fast recognition. New techniques are also developed for computing pose from crater rim observations and for evaluating crater rim correspondences. These techniques are demonstrated on both synthetic and real images.
Frequency change of future extreme summer meteorological and hydrological droughts over North America

This paper describes projected frequency changes in extreme summer meteorological and hydrological droughts over North American catchments. It uses two large ensemble climate models (50-member CanESM2 and 40-member CESM1) under the RCP 8.5 scenario to robustly assess frequency changes up to the 100-year drought, relative to the 1980-2009 reference period. Meteorological droughts, linked solely to precipitation deficit, are represented by the 1-month Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), whereas hydrological droughts are characterized by the 1-month Streamflow Drought Index (SDI), based on hydrological simulation using a lumped hydrological model. Results show widely different patterns for future changes in extreme meteorological versus hydrological droughts. Future meteorological droughts show patterns of increasing and decreasing frequency that roughly match future expected changes of mean summer precipitation, although some regions are nonetheless projected to see more frequent extreme meteorological droughts despite increases in mean summer precipitation. The frequency changes for the 100-year meteorological droughts can be quite severe, with up to a 20-fold increase observed over some watersheds. On the other hand, hydrological droughts, which combine the effect of precipitation and temperature changes, show a mostly uniform pattern of large to very large increases in drought frequency. This shows that the projected temperature increase is a main driver of future extreme hydrological droughts, enough to overcome the projected increase in mean summer precipitation for many North American catchments. Projected changes in both meteorological and hydrological droughts get consistently worse for the longer considered return periods. In other words, frequency changes for the 100-year droughts are more significant than those expected for the 2- and 20-year droughts. This gradual worsening toward larger extremes has potentially large societal and economic impacts. The large projected increases in the frequency of extreme hydrological drought frequency (up to 27 times) are likely to severely stress water management systems across North America.
Assessing the economic and environmental sustainability of household food waste management in the UK: Current situation and future scenarios

The value embedded in food waste is increasingly being recognised, with the UN targeting a 50% reduction in consumer food waste and the EU recycling of 60% of all household waste, both by 2030. Aiming to provide guidance on the most sustainable food waste utilisation routes, this study evaluates the life cycle environmental and economic sustainability of five plausible scenarios for the year 2030. Focusing on the UK for context, these are compared to the current treatment of food waste as well as to its potential future prevention. The scenarios consider a differing share of four widely-used treatment methods: anaerobic digestion, in-vessel composting, incineration and landfilling. The scenario with the highest anaerobic digestion share that recovers both heat and electricity is the best option for seven out of 19 environmental impacts and the second best for life cycle costs. Upgrading anaerobic digestion biogas to biomethane achieves the lowest global warming potential and life cyde costs. Net-negative global warming potential (savings) can be achieved if the heat from anaerobic digestion and incineration or biomethane are utilised to displace natural gas. Displacing a future electricity mix does not lead to significant global warming potential savings due to the expected grid decarbonisation. However, savings are still achieved for metal depletion and human and terrestrial toxicities as they are higher for decarbonised grid electricity due to the increased share of renewables. A greater share of in-vessel composting leads to higher impacts because of the high electricity consumption. Landfill reduction has an economic advantage for all the scenarios, except for the business-as-usual, with life cycle costs 11-75% lower than for the current situation. While future scenarios improve the overall sustainability compared to the current situation, halving food waste by 2030 can save 15 times more greenhouse gas emissions than the best treatment scenario without waste reduction. Therefore, any commitments to improve the sustainability of food waste treatment must be accompanied by an effective waste prevention strategy. The outcomes of this work can help waste treatment operators and policy makers towards more sustainable food waste management. Although the focus is on UK situation, the overall conclusions and recommendations are applicable to other regions. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Outcomes following surgical treatment of distal radial fracture: a comparison of older and younger patients using PROMIS

The purpose of this study was to assess the recovery patterns following surgery for distal radial fracture (DRF) in patients over (n = 99) and under (n = 273) the age of 65 using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Physical Function (PF) and Pain Interference (PI) questionnaires. Both the older and younger cohorts showed postoperative improvement in PF and PI. The younger cohort had higher PF scores from 1 to 6 months postoperatively, however, PI scores were not significantly different between the cohorts during any period. A greater proportion of younger patients achieved the minimal clinically important difference improvement on the PROMIS PF (80% versus 66%) and PI (88% versus 75%) scales. To appropriately manage postoperative expectations, older patients should be counselled that they would likely experience most of their functional recovery by 3 months and limitations due to pain would likely be stable by 1 month.Level of evidence: II.
A change is gonna come: will traditional meat production end?

Recently, the world has faced environmental disasters mainly due to global warming. One of the main reasons for global temperature imbalances is the greenhouse gases (GHG) that soar the atmosphere's heat. The major aim of the current study is to explore whether the livestock population is the main contributor to GHG emission through econometric estimations. In this study, we examine the impact of livestock population with other explanatory variables-GDP per capita, Economic Complexity Index (ECI), ecological balance, and total patent applications-over GHG emission of 25 countries responsible for 76% of GHG emission between 1990 and 2017. To investigate the relationship of variables, Fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) are used, as well as panel causality. Also, the relationship is examined by using the responsiveness scores (RS) approach. The empirical results reveal that all variables have a causal relationship with GHG emission. GDP per capita, ECI, and livestock population enhance the GHG emission whereas square of GDP per capita and ecological balance decline the environmental degradation. The paper demonstrates that the environmental Kuznets curve is valid and supports the literature. Lastly, the RS estimation results reveal that the livestock population is causing higher GHG emissions for all countries in the analysis, contrary to other independent variables. Governments should promote carbon-neutral meat production facilities instead of traditional beef farms to live in a more sustainable world. In the future, countries that invest in research and development (R&D) for less emission meat production will have a comparative advantage in the sustainable international meat market.
A biochemiluminescent assay for rapid diagnosis of influenza

A biochemiluminescent assay of influenza diagnosis is presented. The assay diagnoses influenza based on detection of the influenza viral neuraminidase activity. An instrument designed for the assay is also reported. This assay solves the problem that current influenza virus diagnosis assays are susceptible to virus mutation. A luciferase-based complex is synthesized as biochemiluminescent substrate. The substrate is cleaved to free luciferin with presence of influenza neuraminidase in specimen. Luciferase is oxidized to oxyluciferin with luciferin as catalyzer resulting in luminescence, which is proportional to the neuraminidase activity and measured by instrument. The instrument uses a photomultiplier tube as sensor, with 24 test channels. Fine optical arrangements enable the instrument with high sensitivity and accuracy. A total of 389 clinical specimens were collected to evaluate the performance of the assay in clinical settings. This assay had a sensitivity and specificity of 95.92% (95% confidence interval 91.38-98.12%) and 97.93% (95% confidence interval 95.26-99.11%), respectively, compared to the colloidal gold assay. As a biochemiluminscence assay, this assay is advantageous in sensitivity and specificity. It does not require any washing or separation steps, which makes the instrument simple in design and easy to operate or maintenance. The assay is suitable for the rapid diagnosis of influenza virus in point-of-care settings.
Identification of ecosystem service bundles and driving factors in Beijing and its surrounding areas

In high-intensity human activity areas, such as metropolises, rapid changes in land use, agricultural intensification, and population urbanization have resulted in profound and complex transformations in socio-economic ecosystems. The study of ecosystem service (ES) bundle is conducive to various aspects, such as determination of the variation characteristics of ES; identification of the mechanism of interdependence within ES; and driving mechanism of socio-economic-ecological factors to ES to maintain the sustainable development of the region. The research areas include Beijing and its surrounding areas. Ten ES, including grain providing (GP), water yield (WY), carbon sequestration (CS), soil retention (SEC), purified water service, cultural services, and habitat quality (HQ) were selected for valuing and mapping. The ES paired trade-offs and synergetic relationship, bundle was determined, and the bundles' service types and spatial distribution characteristics were analyzed. Subsequently, GeoDetector was used for detecting the factors affecting the bundles' distribution. Results showed that WY, CS, SEC, and HQ were bounded by Tai -hang and Yanshan Mountains. Among the 45 pairs of ES, 38 pairs bore significant correlation. Multiple services had different degrees of positive and negative correlations with other services. For example, GP had a high positive correlation with WY while bearing a high negative correlation with HQ. Seven bundles include SEC, culture, urban, HQ agriculture, water supply and purification, and water purification. Various factors played decisive roles in the bundles' spatial distribution. Among them, the investment capacity and demand for ecological protection depend on the level of GDP and POP. The formulation of agricultural planting plans is inseparable from TADEM. ASL is directly related to species richness. Results indicate that bundle research can identify the areas of the formation of co-occurrence of trade-offs and synergies and support the formulation of ES optimal management plans for different regions through further research of the driving mechanism. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Effect of M2 Macrophage-Derived Soluble Factors on Behavioral Patterns and Cytokine Production in Various Brain Structures in Depression-Like Mice

We studied the effect of soluble factors derived from human macrophages polarized to M2 phenotype under conditions of serum deprivation (M2-SF) on behavioral pattern and cytokine production in various brain structures in mice with modeled stress-induced depression. Intranasal administration of M2-SF for 7 days led to stimulation of locomotor and exploratory activities and a decrease in emotional reactivity in the open-field test as well as reduction in depression-like behavior in Porsolt forced swimming test and a decrease in anxiety and anhedonia. Correction of depression-like behavior was accompanied by down-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and IFNγ) in pathogenetically important brain structures (striatum, hippocampus, and frontal cortex). These data indicate that the antidepressant potential of M2 type macrophages can be mediated by the anti-inflammatory effects of M2-SF.
Evaluation of central line salvage for mucosal barrier injury laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection (MBI-LCBI) management practices in patients with hematologic malignancies

Patients with underlying hematologic malignancy (HM) and/or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) recipients are at risk for mucosal barrier injury laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection (MBI-LCBI) secondary to bacterial translocation. There is sparse data comparing MBI-LCBI management practices, in particular central venous catheter (CVC) salvage versus removal. We created a 22-item poll of Infectious Disease specialists at major US cancer centers on management controversies. Response rate was 44% (31/70). CVC salvage was a common practice among 87.5%. This was followed by a single center retrospective study (2017-2019) comparing outcomes related to CVC practices. We identified 115 patients, 52% (60/115) admitted for chemotherapy and 33% (38/115) for allogeneic HCT. The majority of patients (78%, 90/115) had their CVC removed. There was no difference in 72 h defervescence, microbiological clearance, in-hospital mortality, and 90-day recurrent infection between CVC salvage versus removal. CVC salvage is a safe approach in certain clinical scenarios.
Topological Features of Electroencephalography are Robust to Re-referencing and Preprocessing

Electroencephalography (EEG) is among the most widely diffused, inexpensive, and adopted neuroimaging techniques. Nonetheless, EEG requires measurements against a reference site(s), which is typically chosen by the experimenter, and specific pre-processing steps precede analyses. It is therefore valuable to obtain quantities that are minimally affected by reference and pre-processing choices. Here, we show that the topological structure of embedding spaces, constructed either from multi-channel EEG timeseries or from their temporal structure, are subject-specific and robust to re-referencing and pre-processing pipelines. By contrast, the shape of correlation spaces, that is, discrete spaces where each point represents an electrode and the distance between them that is in turn related to the correlation between the respective timeseries, was neither significantly subject-specific nor robust to changes of reference. Our results suggest that the shape of spaces describing the observed configurations of EEG signals holds information about the individual specificity of the underlying individual's brain dynamics, and that temporal correlations constrain to a large degree the set of possible dynamics. In turn, these encode the differences between subjects' space of resting state EEG signals. Finally, our results and proposed methodology provide tools to explore the individual topographical landscapes and how they are explored dynamically. We propose therefore to augment conventional topographic analyses with an additional-topological-level of analysis, and to consider them jointly. More generally, these results provide a roadmap for the incorporation of topological analyses within EEG pipelines.
Scientists' warning to humanity on insect extinctions

Here we build on the manifesto 'World Scientists' Warning to Humanity, issued by the Alliance of World Scientists. As a group of conservation biologists deeply concerned about the decline of insect populations, we here review what we know about the drivers of insect extinctions, their consequences, and how extinctions can negatively impact humanity. We are causing insect extinctions by driving habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation, use of polluting and harmful substances, the spread of invasive species, global climate change, direct overexploitation, and co-extinction of species dependent on other species. With insect extinctions, we lose much more than species. We lose abundance and biomass of insects, diversity across space and time with consequent homogenization, large parts of the tree of life, unique ecological functions and traits, and fundamental parts of extensive networks of biotic interactions. Such losses lead to the decline of key ecosystem services on which humanity depends. From pollination and decomposition, to being resources for new medicines, habitat quality indication and many others, insects provide essential and irreplaceable services. We appeal for urgent action to close key knowledge gaps and curb insect extinctions. An investment in research programs that generate local, regional and global strategies that counter this trend is essential. Solutions are available and implementable, but urgent action is needed now to match our intentions.
Thermal Requirements and Life Table Parameters of Tomato Leaf Miner Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Egypt

&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; The tomato leaf miner, &lt;i&gt;Tuta absoluta&lt;/i&gt; (Meyrick) is being a serious pest to tomato cultivations in Egypt since 2009. The present study was carried out to calculate the developmental parameters of insects based on temperature degree. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; The influence of 3 tested temperatures (20, 24, 28°C) were examined to evaluate its effect on the developmental stages of &lt;i&gt;T. absoluta&lt;/i&gt;. Developmental thresholds and needed heat units for insect stages were mathematically calculated according to developmental rates. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Developmental threshold for egg stage and mean thermal units were calculated to be 7°C and 86.2 DD's. The developmental threshold for the larval stage was 10°C, while mean thermal units were calculated to be 310.8 DD's. Percentages mortality of larval stage were 52, 74, 74 and 100% at 20, 24, 28 and 32°C, respectively. For the pupal stage developmental threshold and mean thermal units required for completing the pupal stage was 11.2°C and 132.2 DD's. For an adult, zero of the developmental threshold female and of male were 11.2 and 9.8°C, respectively. The mean required heat units for female and male was 142.3 and 136.7 DD's Life table parameters such as net Reproduction Rate (R&lt;sub&gt;◦&lt;/sub&gt;), Mean Generation Time (Gt), Intrinsic Rate of Increase (r&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt;), Finite Rate of Increase (λ) and Population Double Time (Dt) were calculated at three tested temperatures. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Estimating thermal heat units of &lt;i&gt;T. absoluta&lt;/i&gt; help in predicting the field generations of the insect and improve planning the integrated pest management.
Oxidant-antioxidant balance in girls with precocious puberty: a case-control study

This case-control study aims to evaluate the oxidant-antioxidant balance in girls having central precocious puberty (CPP) and premature thelarche (PT). Thirty-four girls having CPP, 24 girls having PT, and 49 healthy growing girls between 7 and 9 years of age admitted to child health supervision were enrolled. Total antioxidant and oxidant capacity, myeloperoxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, total thiol, native thiol, and disulfide levels were analyzed in serum samples. Low total oxidant status (<12.0) was found to be highest in the CPP group, lowest in the control group, and the PT group was in between them. After controlling bone age and z score for body mass index, generalized linear models revealed lower oxidative stress index values in the CPP and the PT groups than the control group. Other studied parameters did not differ among groups. Precocious puberty in girls is associated with some changes in the oxidant-antioxidant status.
Experimental investigation and economic assessment of a solar still performance using high-frequency ultrasound waves atomizer

In this paper, an experimental study is performed to investigate the influence of utilizing high frequency ultrasound atomizer (HFU) on augmenting the performance of a solar still (SS). Atomized saline water has been utilized as a motivator to enhance the humidification process inside the SS cavity. Due to the negative influence of fogging on heat transfer by radiation, an on-off timer is utilized to control the HFU atomizer on-time and off-time which helps to avoid this influence. The different parameters such as the atomizer number, water height, feed water salinity and on-time and off-time were studied with two operating modes; HFU-SS (SS with atomizers) and C-SS (conventional design). It has been found that the saline water atomizing by ultrasound waves significantly augments the evaporation performance inside the SS cavity. Results depict that the increasing of the atomizer number has a positive influence on the system efficiency and productivity. Results show that the C-SS and HFU-SS daily productivity were about 3.58 L/m(2) and 4.41 L/m(2) respectively. The average thermal efficiency of the HFU-SS atomizer was augmented by about 28.75%-55.75% compared to C-SS. The thermal efficiency of HFU-SS affect the atomizer number and reaches the maximum value 40.21% at two atomizer. The thermal efficiency of HFU-SS decreased with the increment of the water height and varied between 35.61% and 40.5%. The thermal efficiency of HFU-SS was augmented by about 72% for on-time = 25 min and off-time = 25 min compared to the continuous operation. Also, an economic analysis was performed and illustrated that the cost of distillate water from HFU-SS reduced by about 12.94%-14.54% less than C-SS. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.