ahmedabdelwahed/Medical_papers_title_and_abstract_NLP_dataset huggingface dataset:
Hippocampal blood flow rapidly and preferentially increases after a bout of moderate-intensity exercise in older adults with poor cerebrovascular health

Over the course of aging, there is an early degradation of cerebrovascular health, which may be attenuated with aerobic exercise training. Yet, the acute cerebrovascular response to a single bout of exercise remains elusive, particularly within key brain regions most affected by age-related disease processes. We investigated the acute global and region-specific cerebral blood flow (CBF) response to 15 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in older adults (≥65 years; n = 60) using arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging. Within 0-6 min post-exercise, CBF decreased across all regions, an effect that was attenuated in the hippocampus. The exercise-induced CBF drop was followed by a rebound effect over the 24-minute postexercise assessment period, an effect that was most robust in the hippocampus. Individuals with low baseline perfusion demonstrated the greatest hippocampal-specific CBF effect post-exercise, showing no immediate drop and a rapid increase in CBF that exceeded baseline levels within 6-12 minutes postexercise. Gains in domain-specific cognitive performance postexercise were not associated with changes in regional CBF, suggesting dissociable effects of exercise on acute neural and vascular plasticity. Together, the present findings support a precision-medicine framework for the use of exercise to target brain health that carefully considers age-related changes in the cerebrovascular system.
Hyperspectral Nonlinear Unmixing by Using Plug-and-Play Prior for Abundance Maps

Spectral unmixing (SU) aims at decomposing the mixed pixel into basic components, called endmembers with corresponding abundance fractions. Linear mixing model (LMM) and nonlinear mixing models (NLMMs) are two main classes to solve the SU. This paper proposes a new nonlinear unmixing method base on general bilinear model, which is one of the NLMMs. Since retrieving the endmembers' abundances represents an ill-posed inverse problem, prior knowledge of abundances has been investigated by conceiving regularizations techniques (e.g., sparsity, total variation, group sparsity, and low rankness), so to enhance the ability to restrict the solution space and thus to achieve reliable estimates. All the regularizations mentioned above can be interpreted as denoising of abundance maps. In this paper, instead of investing effort in designing more powerful regularizations of abundances, we use plug-and-play prior technique, that is to use directly a state-of-the-art denoiser, which is conceived to exploit the spatial correlation of abundance maps and nonlinear interaction maps. The numerical results in simulated data and real hyperspectral dataset show that the proposed method can improve the estimation of abundances dramatically compared with state-of-the-art nonlinear unmixing methods.
Technological parameters of rock art at the Kalgutinsky Rudnik site on the Ukok Plateau, Russian Altai region

One of the most common problems encountered in research on open-air petroglyph sites is determining the age of the imagery. Most images are not covered by calcite or other deposits which can be directly dated. Archaeological layers located under petroglyph panels may allow connections between imagery and datable cultural contexts to be established. When archaeological layers are lacking, the analysis of stylistic elements of petroglyphs themselves can be highly significant for temporal and cultural attribution. We regard style a Bos including not only artistic characteristics of images but also the ways in which rock panels were modified as well. Technological features can be important for understanding the broader concept of style in rock art. As illustrated by the open-air Kalgutinsky Rudnik site in the Russian Altai region, natural substrate characteristics often demanded specific technological adaptations that can be revealed by the analysis of anthropogenic and natural traces on rock surfaces. These data supplement the discussion of dating the earliest petroglyphs from the Kalgutinsky Rudnik rock art site.
Functions of MDA5 and its domains in response to GCRV or bacterial PAMPs

Melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) is a member of retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR) family which can initiate type I IFN expression in response to RNA virus infection. In this study, we constructed six mutants of Ctenopharyngodon idella MDA5 (CiMAD5) overexpression plasmids and generated stable transfected C. idella kidney (CIK) cell lines to study the function of different domains of CiMAD5. After ploy(I:C) stimulation, the downstream genes of CiMDA5 in transfected cells was repressed. Overexpression of CiMDA5 or its variant repressed the replication of grass carp reovirus (GCRV) in CIK cells and decreased the viral titer of GCRV more or less compared to that in control cells. After GCRV or bacterial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) stimulation, overexpression of CiMDA5 or CARD domain significantly induced the expression of CiIFN-I, CiIL-1β and CiMx1. The deletion of Helicase or RD domain reduced the inductive effect of CiMDA5 on CiIFN-I, CiIL-1β and CiMx1 expression. RD overexpression resulted in an enhanced expression of CiIFN-I, CiIL-1β and CiMx1. These observations collectively demonstrate that, in CIK cells, after GCRV or bacterial PAMPs stimulation, CARD domain alone can mediate signaling; Helicase or RD domain alone negatively regulates CARD function by intramolecular interaction with CARD. However, RD domain acts as an enhancer by intermolecular interaction. These results enlarge the response spectrum of MDA5 and contribute to a further understanding of the functions of MDA5 and its domains in evolution.
DICER1 Mutations Occur in More Than One-Third of Follicular-Patterned Pediatric Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas and Correlate with a Low-Risk Disease and Female Gender Predilection

Some pediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma (PPTC) cohorts have suggested a preliminary correlation with respect to DICER1 mutation status and histomorphology in both benign and malignant follicular cell-derived nodules; however, the data regarding correlates of DICER1-related sporadic PPTCs subtyped based on the 2022 WHO classification criteria are largely unavailable. The current study investigated the status of hotspot DICER1 mutations with clinical, histological and outcome features in a series of 56 patients with PPTCs with no clinical or family history of DICER1-related syndromic manifestation. Fifteen (27%) PPTCs harbored BRAF p.V600E. Eight (14%) cases of PPTCs harbored DICER1 mutations with no associated BRAF p.V600E. DICER1 mutations were identified in exons 26 and 27. A novel D1810del (c.5428_5430delGAT) mutation was also detected. We also confirmed the absence of hotspot DICER1 mutations in the matched non-tumor tissue DNA in all 8 DICER1-related PPTCs. The mean age of DICER1-harboring PPTCs was 15.1 (range: 9-18) years whereas the rest of this cohort had a mean age of 14.8 (range 6-18) years. With the exception of one PPTC, all DICER1-related PPTCs were seen in females (female-to-male ratio: 7). The female to male ratio was 3.8 in 48 DICER1-wild type PPTCs. In terms of histological correlates, 5 of 8 (63%) DICER1-mutant PPTCs were invasive encapsulated follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinomas (FVPTCs) including 4 minimally invasive FVPTCs and 1 encapsulated angioinvasive FVPTC, whereas the remaining 3 PPTCs were infiltrative classic papillary thyroid carcinomas (p < 0.05). The incidence of DICER1 mutations was 19.5% in BRAF p.V600E-wild type PPTCs. Sixty-three percent of DICER1 hotspot mutations occurred in invasive encapsulated FVPTCs, and this figure represents 38% of invasive encapsulated FVPTCs. Only one (12%) patient with DICER1-related disease showed a single lymph node with micro-metastasis. Unlike DICER1-wild type patients, no distant metastasis is identified in patients with DICER1-related PPTCs. The current series expands on the surgical epidemiology of somatic DICER1-related PPTCs by correlating the mutation status with the clinicopathological variables. Our findings underscore that female gender predilection and enrichment in low-risk follicular-patterned PTCs are characteristics of DICER1-related PPTCs.
PnP-3D: A Plug-and-Play for 3D Point Clouds

With the help of the deep learning paradigm, many point cloud networks have been invented for visual analysis. However, there is great potential for development of these networks since the given information of point cloud data has not been fully exploited. To improve the effectiveness of existing networks in analyzing point cloud data, we propose a plug-and-play module, PnP-3D, aiming to refine the fundamental point cloud feature representations by involving more local context and global bilinear response from explicit 3D space and implicit feature space. To thoroughly evaluate our approach, we conduct experiments on three standard point cloud analysis tasks, including classification, semantic segmentation, and object detection, where we select three state-of-the-art networks from each task for evaluation. Serving as a plug-and-play module, PnP-3D can significantly boost the performances of established networks. In addition to achieving state-of-the-art results on four widely used point cloud benchmarks, we present comprehensive ablation studies and visualizations to demonstrate our approach's advantages. The code will be available at https://github.com/ShiQiu0419/pnp-3d.
Prevention of microbes-induced spoilage in sodium chloride-free cucumber fermentations employing preservatives

This study evaluated preservatives to stabilize sodium chloride (NaCl)-free-cucumber fermentations. The brining of air-purged laboratory cucumber fermentations with 100.0 mM calcium chloride (CaCl2 ) and 25.0 mM acetic acid resulted in immediate rises in pH, the chemical reduction of the medium, and malodors. Supplementation with 3.0 mM sodium benzoate or 3.0 mM potassium sorbate enabled a decline in pH, a continuous oxidative state of the medium, and delayed rising pH spoilage. However, lactic and acetic acids eventually disappeared in fermentations supplemented with preservatives. The amount of preservatives needed to suppress growth of brined-cucumber-spoilage microbes was determined in Fermented Cucumber Juice Medium (FCJM). Supplementation of FCJM with 10.0 mM sodium benzoate was inhibitory for the spoilage yeasts, Issatchenkia occidentalis and Pichia manshurica, and the lactobacilli, Lentilactobacillus buchneri and Lentilactobacillus parafarraginis, but not of Zygosaccharomyces globiformis. Potassium sorbate inhibited the spoilage yeasts at 15.0 mM in FCJM but not the lactobacilli. Supplementation of FCJM with 20.0 mM fumaric acid had a bactericidal effect on the spoilage-associated lactobacilli. As expected, NaCl-free-commercial cucumber fermentations brined with 100 mM CaCl2 , no acetic acid, and 6 mM potassium sorbate resulted in complete fermentations, but supported rising pH, microbially induced spoilage during long-term storage. Post-fermentation supplementation with 12 mM sodium benzoate, 10 mM fumaric acid, a combination of the two, or 10 mM fumaric acid and 2 mM AITC prevented microbial activity during long-term bulk storage. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Several preservative-based strategies for stabilizing NaCl-free cucumber fermentation in a commercial production setting were developed, enabling the implementation of a processing technology that reduces wastewater volumes and environmental impact.
On the Optimal Encoding Ladder of Tiled 360 degrees Videos for Head-Mounted Virtual Reality

Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) has been widely used by several popular streaming services, such as YouTube, Netflix, and Facebook. Adopting DASH requires to pre-determine a set of encoding configurations, called encoding ladder, to generate a set of representations stored on the streaming server. These representations are adaptively requested by clients according to their network conditions during streaming sessions. In this article, we aim to solve the optimal laddering problem that determines the optimal encoding ladder to maximize the client viewing quality. In particular, we consider video models, viewing probability, and client distribution to formulate the mathematical problem. We use a divide-and-conquer approach to decompose the problem into two subproblems: (i) per-class optimization for clients with different bandwidths and (ii) global optimization to maximize the overall viewing quality under the storage limit of the streaming server. We propose two algorithms for each of the per-class optimization and global optimization problems. Analytical analysis and real experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of our proposed algorithms, compared to other state-of-the-art algorithms. Based on the results, we recommend a combination of the proposed algorithms to solve the optimal laddering problem. The evaluation results show the merits of our recommended algorithms, which: (i) outperform the state-of-the-art algorithms by up to 52.17 and 26.35 in Viewport Video Multi-Method Assessment Fusion (V-VMAF) in per-class optimization, (ii) outperform the state-of-the-art algorithms by up to 43.14 in V-VMAF for optimal laddering in global optimization, (iii) achieve good scalability under different storage limits and number of bandwidth classes, and (iv) run faster than the state-of-the-art algorithms.
Geometric Constraints in Sensing Matrix Design for Compressed Sensing

Compressed Sensing (CS) has been proposed as a method able to reduce the amount of data needed to represent sparse signals. Nowadays, different approaches have been proposed in order to increase the performance of this technique in each stage that composes it. Particularly, this paper provides a critical review of the state-of-the art of some CS adaptations in the sensing stage to identify the strengths and limitations of each of them. In addition, a new method is proposed (Nearly Orthogonal Rakeness-based CS) that aims to overcome limits of the CS adaptations covered in this work. After intensive numerical simulations on synthetic signals and electroencephalographic (EEG) signals, the proposed approach outperforms discussed state-of-the-art approaches in terms of compression capability required to achieve a target quality of service. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Person re-identification by multi-statistics on pyramid of covariance matrices

A novel and efficient covariance-based method for person re-identification is proposed. The approach exploits three colourspaces and intensity gradients as covariance features and extracts multiple statistical feature vectors from the pyramid of region covariance matrices. The distance measure of the covariance pyramid is designed to be the weighted combination of four vectorised statistical features by cascading on the covariance pyramid. The method is compared with the state-of-the-art methods using a benchmark dataset and is demonstrated to outperform other state-of-the-art methods.
Probing the origin of prion protein misfolding via reconstruction of ancestral proteins

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative diseases caused by pathogenic misfolding of the prion protein, PrP. They are transmissible between hosts, and sometimes between different species, as with transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to humans. Although PrP is found in a wide range of vertebrates, prion diseases are seen only in certain mammals, suggesting that infectious misfolding was a recent evolutionary development. To explore when PrP acquired the ability to misfold infectiously, we reconstructed the sequences of ancestral versions of PrP from the last common primate, primate-rodent, artiodactyl, placental, bird, and amniote. Recombinant ancestral PrPs were then tested for their ability to form β-sheet aggregates, either spontaneously or when seeded with infectious prion strains from human, cervid, or rodent species. The ability to aggregate developed after the oldest ancestor (last common amniote), and aggregation capabilities diverged along evolutionary pathways consistent with modern-day susceptibilities. Ancestral bird PrP could not be seeded with modern-day prions, just as modern-day birds are resistant to prion disease. Computational modeling of structures suggested that differences in helix 2 could account for the resistance of ancestral bird PrP to seeding. Interestingly, ancestral primate PrP could be converted by all prion seeds, including both human and cervid prions, raising the possibility that species descended from an ancestral primate have retained the susceptibility to conversion by cervid prions. More generally, the results suggest that susceptibility to prion disease emerged prior to ~100 million years ago, with placental mammals possibly being generally susceptible to disease.
Confirmed cases of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in companion cats with a history of tick exposure in the Republic of Korea

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a zoonotic disease, and its clinical information and prevalence are important. This study was conducted on 22 feline patients from the Republic of Korea (ROK), suspected to suffer from a tick-borne disease. Four cats were positive for SFTS, and genotypes B-1, B-3, D, and F were identified. Clinical symptoms, such as anorexia, jaundice, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and hyperbilirubinemia, were detected. This is the first report of SFTS virus genotypes B-1, D, and F from cats in the ROK. Moreover, our results suggest that jaundice may be an indicator of SFTS in cats.
Cecal Perforation Secondary to Large Bowel Obstruction From a Tubo-Ovarian Abscess

With the continued specialization of medicine, we as physicians often fall into the trap of placing pathologies into silos, focusing on what we are most practiced in caring for. When managing acute patients, it is important that we consider complications that can arise across systems and specialties which could place our patients at increased risk for morbidity and mortality. Tubo-ovarian abscesses (TOAs) are complex infections often arising in the setting of pelvic inflammatory disease. The resultant reactive inflammation is frequently the culprit of potentially fatal sequelae. This article looks to highlight a case of TOA that resulted in inflammation and obstruction of the adjacent large bowel which subsequently led to large bowel obstructions (LBOs) and perforation. Although LBO management is well described in the literature, perforation secondary to inflammatory compression from a TOA is rarely documented. We present the case of a middle-aged female with significant comorbid conditions and recent prolonged retention of a tampon which likely acted as the nidus for the infection that led to her presenting pathology and need for admission, a left-sided TOA measuring 8.1 × 4.7 × 3.4 cm. Consultation by obstetrics-gynecology and interventional radiology determined that admission for observation and intravenous antibiotics alone was appropriate. The patient's hospital course was complicated by enlarging TOA with peri-colonic abscess and acute decompensation in the setting of LBO and cecal perforation. Emergency laparotomy and right hemicolectomy by the acute care surgical team were performed. Postoperative management was complicated by septic shock which prolonged her hospital stay. Following inpatient optimization of nutrition and management of comorbid conditions, the patient was able to make a full recovery. In patients with suspected TOA, special consideration should be given to surrounding structures, and potentially fatal complications should be kept in the forefront of the primary team's minds. This case report aims to urge physicians caring for patients with TOA to maintain a high level of suspicion and consider how the benefits of aggressive management may outweigh those of conservative options.
Elemental sulphur recovery from a sulphate-rich aqueous stream in a single hybrid linear flow channel reactor is mediated through microbial community dynamics and adaptation to reactor zones

The coupled application of biological sulphate reduction (BSR) and partial sulphide oxidation to treat sulphate-rich wastewater is an effective strategy to mitigate pollution and recover elemental sulphur for repurposing. The recent development of the hybrid linear flow channel reactor (LFCR) achieves simultaneous BSR and partial sulphide oxidation with biosulphur recovery via a floating sulphur biofilm (FSB). Here, we explore the microbial community zoning and dynamics facilitating the process. A total of three continuous LFCRs were used to evaluate the effect of reactor zones, hydraulic residence time (HRT), carbon source, namely lactate and acetate, as well as reactor geometry and scale on process performance and microbial community dynamics. Community composition of sessile and planktonic microbial consortia were resolved at a 5- and 2-day HRT through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Preferential attachment and prevalence of specific phylotypes within the sessile and planktonic communities revealed clear adaptation of key microorganisms to different microenvironments. Key microbial taxa affiliated with sulphate reduction and sulphide oxidation as well as those implicated in fermentation and syntrophic metabolism, fluctuated in response to changes in HRT and process performance. Through understanding the relationship between microbial community dynamics and process performance, this research will inform better process design and optimization of the hybrid LFCR.
Tenosynovial giant cell tumor

Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor (TGCT) is a group of typically benign lesions arising from the synovium of joints, bursae and tendon sheaths. Depending on their growth pattern and clinical course, they are divided into localized and diffuse types. It is predominantly caused by a mutation in the stromal cells of the synovial membrane leading to overexpression of the colony stimulating factor 1 that recruits CSF1R-expressing cells of the mononuclear phagocyte lineage into the tumor mass. The lesions contain mainly histiocyte-like and synovial cells accompanied by varying numbers of multinucleated giant cells, mononuclear cells, foam cells, inflammatory cells and hemosiderin deposits. The gold standard for detect- ing and monitoring the disease is MRI, where the characteristic hemosiderin accumulation can be best appreciated, but it is a histological examination that is most conclusive. The main treatment is surgical resection of all pathological tissue, but radio- and chemotherapy are also viable options for certain groups of patients.