ahmedabdelwahed/Medical_papers_title_and_abstract_NLP_dataset huggingface dataset:
Comparing State-of-the-Art Deep Learning Algorithms for the Automated Detection and Tracking of Black Cattle

Effective livestock management is critical for cattle farms in today's competitive era of smart modern farming. To ensure farm management solutions are efficient, affordable, and scalable, the manual identification and detection of cattle are not feasible in today's farming systems. Fortunately, automatic tracking and identification systems have greatly improved in recent years. Moreover, correctly identifying individual cows is an integral part of predicting behavior during estrus. By doing so, we can monitor a cow's behavior, and pinpoint the right time for artificial insemination. However, most previous techniques have relied on direct observation, increasing the human workload. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes the use of state-of-the-art deep learning-based Multi-Object Tracking (MOT) algorithms for a complete system that can automatically and continuously detect and track cattle using an RGB camera. This study compares state-of-the-art MOTs, such as Deep-SORT, Strong-SORT, and customized light-weight tracking algorithms. To improve the tracking accuracy of these deep learning methods, this paper presents an enhanced re-identification approach for a black cattle dataset in Strong-SORT. For evaluating MOT by detection, the system used the YOLO v5 and v7, as a comparison with the instance segmentation model Detectron-2, to detect and classify the cattle. The high cattle-tracking accuracy with a Multi-Object Tracking Accuracy (MOTA) was 96.88%. Using these methods, the findings demonstrate a highly accurate and robust cattle tracking system, which can be applied to innovative monitoring systems for agricultural applications. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed system were demonstrated by analyzing a sample of video footage. The proposed method was developed to balance the trade-off between costs and management, thereby improving the productivity and profitability of dairy farms; however, this method can be adapted to other domestic species.
Intensity of Health Behaviors in People Who Practice Combat Sports and Martial Arts

Background: Health behaviors are associated with a healthy lifestyle, in which relative possibilities of choice play an important part. Athletes are a group of people who should particularly endeavor to have a health-oriented lifestyle. It is believed that combat sports (CS) and martial arts (MA) have an especially significant educational potential, connected with several desirable values which provide positive patterns of health behaviors. The aim of the work was to assess the intensity of health behaviors in athletes who practiced CS and MA in relation to the length of their training history, their age, sex, place of residence, education level, and financial situation. Methods: The research involved 441 men and women who practiced boxing (B), Brazilian ju-jitsu (BJJ), karate (K), mixed martial arts (MMA) and Muay Thai (MT). The average age of the subjects was 24.68 +/- 8.24 years. The standardized Health Behavior Inventory (HBI) questionnaire and another questionnaire for a lifestyle survey were applied. Individual behaviors covered four areas: Correct eating habits (CEH), preventive behaviors (PB), positive mental attitude (PMA), and health practices (HP). The one-way analysis of variance (F-test) for independent groups was used (ANOVA). The effect size was calculated with Hedge's g for Student's t-test, and with Cramer's V for the chi(2) test. The value of p <= 0.05 was assumed to be statistically significant. Results: CS and MA athletes presented a moderate level of health behaviors. The greater intensity of health behaviors (HBI and its categories) was found among B, K and MMA athletes, and the smaller among those who practiced MT. Correct eating habits (CEH) were characteristic of subjects who practiced every day and whose length of training history was 4-8 years. Greater intensity of preventive behaviors (PB) was observed among individuals aged under-19 years, who still studied. Greater intensity of health practices (HP) was found among those who exercised every day. Influence of financial situation was observed in relations to PMA. Conclusions: It seems that the existing educational potential of CS and MA was not fully realized in the studied population. Determining the place of health in the system of values of CS and MA athletes may be the basis for predicting health behaviors and developing health education programs.
Towards a semantic indoor trajectory model: application to museum visits

In this paper we present a new conceptual model of trajectories, which accounts for semantic and indoor space information and supports the design and implementation of context-aware mobility data mining and statistical analytics methods. Motivated by a compelling museum case study, and by what we perceive as a lack in indoor trajectory research, we combine aspects of state-of-the-art semantic outdoor trajectory models, with a semantically-enabled hierarchical symbolic representation of the indoor space, which abides by OGC's IndoorGML standard. We drive the discussion on modeling issues that have been overlooked so far and illustrate them with a real-world case study concerning the Louvre Museum, in an effort to provide a pragmatic view of what the proposed model represents and how. We also present experimental results based on Louvre's visiting data showcasing how state-of-the-art mining algorithms can be applied on trajectory data represented according to the proposed model, and outline their advantages and limitations. Finally, we provide a formal outline of a new sequential pattern mining algorithm and how it can be used for extracting interesting trajectory patterns.
General-Purpose Ultrasound Neuromodulation System for Chronic, Closed-Loop Preclinical Studies in Freely Behaving Rodents

Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation (tFUS) is an effective noninvasive treatment modality for brain disorders with high clinical potential. However, the therapeutic effects of ultrasound neuromodulation are not widely explored due to limitations in preclinical systems. The current preclinical studies are head-fixed, anesthesia-dependent, and acute, limiting clinical translatability. Here, this work reports a general-purpose ultrasound neuromodulation system for chronic, closed-loop preclinical studies in freely behaving rodents. This work uses microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology to design and fabricate a small and lightweight transducer capable of artifact-free stimulation and simultaneous neural recording. Using the general-purpose system, it can be observed that state-dependent ultrasound neuromodulation of the prefrontal cortex increases rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and protects spatial working memory to REM sleep deprivation. The system will allow explorative studies in brain disease therapeutics and neuromodulation using ultrasound stimulation for widespread clinical adoption.
MiR-199a-5p promotes ferroptosis-induced cardiomyocyte death responding to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion injury via inhibiting Akt/eNOS signaling pathway

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is associated with the poor outcome and higher mortality after myocardial infarction. Recent studies have revealed that miR-199a-5p participates in the process of myocardial I/R injury, but the precise roles and molecular mechanisms of miR-199a-5p in myocardial I/R injury remain not well-studied. Ferroptosis has been proposed to promote cardiomyocyte death, closely associated with myocardial I/R injury. Herein, the present study aimed to explore the function and mechanisms by which miR-199a-5p regulates whether miR-199a-5p contributes to ferroptosis-induced cardiomyocyte death responding to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury, an in vitro model of myocardial I/R injury focusing on Akt/eNOS signaling pathway. The results found that ferroptosis-induced cardiomyocyte death occurs and is accompanied by an increase in miR-199a-5p level in OGD/R-treated H9c2 cells. MiR-199a-5p inhibitor ameliorated ferroptosis-induced cardiomyocyte death as evidenced by the increased cell viability, the reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and Fe2+ contents, and the up-regulated glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulphide (GSSG) ratio as well as glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) protein expression in H9c2 cells-exposed to OGD/R, while miR-199a-5p mimic had the opposite effects. In addition, OGD/R led to the inhibition of Akt/eNOS signaling pathway, which was also blocked by miR-199a-5p inhibitor and aggravated by miR-199a-5p mimic. Furthermore, LY294002, an inhibitor of Akt/eNOS signaling pathway, abrogated miR-199a-5p inhibitor-induced the reduction of ferroptosis-induced cardiomyocyte death. In summary, our findings demonstrated that miR-199a-5p plays a central role in stimulating ferroptosis-induced cardiomyocyte death during ischemic/hypoxic injury via inhibiting Akt/eNOS signaling pathway.
'Reading landscape': interdisciplinary approaches to understanding place

This paper outlines a collaborative project between a group of Fine Art and Geography students who helped develop and contribute to a conversation about recording 'place'. Introducing methodologies from both disciplines, the project started from the premise of all environmental 'recordings' being 'inputs' and so questioned what could be defined as 'data' when encountering a location. Brunel's Grand Entrance to the Thames Tunnel (London) provided the motivation for 10 objective and subjective 'recordings' which were subsequently distilled into a smaller subset and then used to produce a short film that was presented at an international conference. Important to the collaborative nature of the project were ongoing opportunities to share equipment, techniques, material and references across disciplines. It was an experiment to measure the potential for 'mapping' to capture physical and historical information, as well as embodied experience.
Fluoride Exposure Provokes Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptosis and Increases Mitophagy in Osteocytes via Increasing ROS Production

Fluoride is a persistent environmental pollutant, and its excessive intake causes skeletal and dental fluorosis. However, few studies focused on the effects of fluoride on osteocytes, making up over 95% of all bone cells. This study aimed to investigate the effect of fluoride on osteocytes in vitro, as well as explore the underlying mechanisms. CCK-8, LDH assay, fluorescent probes, flow cytometry, and western blotting were performed to examine cell viability, apoptosis, mitochondria changes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial ROS (mtROS), and protein expressions. Results showed that sodium fluoride (NaF) exposure (4, 8 mmol/L) for 24 h inhibited the cell viability of osteocytes MLO-Y4 and promoted G0/G1 phase arrest and increased cell apoptosis. NaF treatment remarkably caused mitochondria damage, loss of MMP, ATP decrease, Cyto c release, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio increase and elevated the activity of caspase-9 and caspase-3. Furthermore, NaF significantly upregulated the expressions of LC-3II, PINK1, and Parkin and increased autophagy flux and the accumulation of acidic vacuoles, while the p62 level was downregulated. In addition, NaF exposure triggered the production of intracellular ROS and mtROS and increased malondialdehyde (MDA); but superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) content were decreased. The scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) significantly reversed NaF-induced apoptosis and mitophagy, suggesting that ROS is responsible for the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and mitophagy induced by NaF exposure. These findings provide in vitro evidence that apoptosis and mitophagy are cellular mechanisms for the toxic effect of fluoride on osteocytes, thereby suggesting the potential role of osteocytes in skeletal and dental fluorosis.
Visual Tracking via Locally Structured Gaussian Process Regression

We propose a new target representation method, where the temporally obtained targets are jointly represented as a time series function by exploiting their spatially local structure. With this method, we propose a new tracking algorithm, where tracking is formulated as a problem of Gaussian process regression over the joint representation. Numerous experiments on various challenging video sequences demonstrate that our tracker outperforms several other state-of-the-art trackers.
Universal structural requirements for maximal robust perfect adaptation in biomolecular networks

Adaptation is a running theme in biology. It allows a living system to survive and thrive in the face of unpredictable environments by maintaining key physiological variables at their desired levels through tight regulation. When one such variable is maintained at a certain value at the steady state despite perturbations to a single input, this property is called robust perfect adaptation (RPA). Here we address and solve the fundamental problem of maximal RPA (maxRPA), whereby, for a designated output variable, RPA is achieved with respect to perturbations in virtually all network parameters. In particular, we show that the maxRPA property imposes certain structural constraints on the network. We then prove that these constraints are fully characterized by simple linear algebraic stoichiometric conditions which differ between deterministic and stochastic descriptions of the dynamics. We use our results to derive a new internal model principle (IMP) for biomolecular maxRPA networks, akin to the celebrated IMP in control theory. We exemplify our results through several known biological examples of robustly adapting networks and construct examples of such networks with the aid of our linear algebraic characterization. Our results reveal the universal requirements for maxRPA in all biological systems, and establish a foundation for studying adaptation in general biomolecular networks, with important implications for both systems and synthetic biology.
MgB2 coils for particle accelerators

The construction of superconducting magnets is at present the most promising application of magnesium diboride. Aiming to develop magnets for particle accelerators, we present in the paper the design of a superferric dipole magnet based on the status of art of MgB2 conductors.
Feature Ranking by Variational Dropout for Classification Using Thermograms from Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Diabetes mellitus presents a high prevalence around the world. A common and long-term derived complication is diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), which have a global prevalence of roughly 6.3%, and a lifetime incidence of up to 34%. Infrared thermograms, covering the entire plantar aspect of both feet, can be employed to monitor the risk of developing a foot ulcer, because diabetic patients exhibit an abnormal pattern that may indicate a foot disorder. In this study, the publicly available INAOE dataset composed of thermogram images of healthy and diabetic subjects was employed to extract relevant features aiming to establish a set of state-of-the-art features that efficiently classify DFU. This database was extended and balanced by fusing it with private local thermograms from healthy volunteers and generating synthetic data via synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE). State-of-the-art features were extracted using two classical approaches, LASSO and random forest, as well as two variational deep learning (DL)-based ones: concrete and variational dropout. Then, the most relevant features were detected and ranked. Subsequently, the extracted features were employed to classify subjects at risk of developing an ulcer using as reference a support vector machine (SVM) classifier with a fixed hyperparameter configuration to evaluate the robustness of the selected features. The new set of features extracted considerably differed from those currently considered state-of-the-art but provided a fair performance. Among the implemented extraction approaches, the variational DL ones, particularly the concrete dropout, performed the best, reporting an F1 score of 90% using the aforementioned SVM classifier. In comparison with features previously considered as the state-of-the-art, approximately 15% better performance was achieved for classification.
Effects of hydrolysable tannins from Terminalia citrina on type III secretion system (T3SS) and their intestinal metabolite urolithin B represses Salmonella T3SS through Hha-H-NS-HilD-HilC-RtsA-HilA regulatory pathway

Gamma-proteobacteria is a class of gram-negative opportunistic pathogens existing in the intestinal flora, often leading to diarrhea and intestinal infectious diseases, and plays an important role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Type III secretion system (T3SS), an important virulence system, is closely related to the adhesion and invasion and pathogenicity to host cells. Therefore, anti-virulence agents targeting T3SS are important strategies for controlling pathogenic infections. In this study, the anti-Salmonella T3SS active compounds neochebulagic acid (1), ellagic acid (2) and urolithin M5 (3) were isolated from seed extract of Terminalia citrina by activity-guided isolation method. Based on the fact that urolithins are the main and stable intestinal microbiota metabolites of hydrolysable tannins, we found that the metabolite urolithin B repressed translation and secretion of SipC through the Hha-H-NS-HilD-HilC-RtsA-HilA regulatory pathway. The results provide evidence for Terminalia seeds and ellagitannin-rich berries and nuts in regulating intestinal homeostasis and treating bacterial infection.
Multilevel category structure in the ART-2 network

Multilevel categorization is investigated within the context of analog activity patterns on the output layer of an ART 2 network. The ART 2 network parameters are analyzed in terms of stable category formation and in terms of the number of nodes in the output layer that can become most active. The resulting activity patterns on the output layer demonstrate a multilevel category structure based on the relative differences between patterns that exist for many different values of the vigilance parameter. We have shown that the information contained in the output analog patterns can be interpreted in several different ways, which is not possible when the category is represented by a single winning node. Also, favorable comparisons are also demonstrated between the category structure emerging from the set of category patterns and principles of categorization in psychology and neurobiology.
John squire and endothelial glycocalyx structure: an unfinished story

John Squire did not only produce leading works in the muscle field, he also significantly contributed to the vascular permeability field by ultrastructural analysis of the endothelial glycocalyx. Presented here is a review of his involvement in the field by his main collaborator C.C. Michel and his last postdoctoral researcher KP Arkill. We end on a reinterpretation of his work that arguably links to our current understanding of endothelial glycocalyx structure and composition predicting 6 glycosaminoglycans fibres per syndecan core protein, only achieved in the endothelium by dimerization.
Rapid, state-of-the-art techniques for the detection of toxic chemical adulterants in water systems

Recent events have heightened awareness concerning potential hazardous threats to U.S. populace. The causes of concern include a possible contamination of water systems through harmful chemical agents resulting in sickness or death among consumers. To forestall the consequences of high-risk chemical contaminants that can potentially pollute our water resources, swift intervening measures need to be taken as a first line of defense. This aspect of environmental protection involves the design, testing, and installation of detection devices that protect U.S. water supply systems from toxic chemicals. These sensing devices are based on physical, chemical, biological, and radiological methods of detection. Traditional analytical tools are rather cumbersome, time-consuming, and expensive to operate. On the other hand, contemporary trends in the fight against toxic chemical threats to domestic and industrial water facilities comprise of sensors designed to achieve rapid, highly sensitive, and cost-effective detection, and intervention. This paper samples the state-of-the-art in detection techniques for toxic chemical antagonists with emphasis on heavy metals and cyanide compounds that can be potentially deleterious to U.S. water systems. The goal is to identify rapid, realistic and reliable methods, as early warning systems, to mitigate the effects of toxicants in water systems.
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Attitudes of Iranian Nurses and Related Factors Towards End-Of-Life Care

This meta-analysis aimed to summarize the evidence regarding attitudes of Iranian nurses and related factors towards end-of-life (EOL) care. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Magiran, Iranmedex, Scientific Information Database, and Google Scholar search engine were searched using Persian and English appropriate keywords from the earliest records up to September 11, 2020. A total of 849 nurses were included in six studies. After a meta-analysis of the mean score of nurses' attitudes, the pooled mean was 80.07 out of 120 (Q(5)=4.32, I-squared=0.00%; 95%CI: 73.53-86.60; p < 0.001). Marital status, ward type, education level, a history of participating in EOL care workshops, personal study of EOL care, experience of caring for a dying family member or close people, natural and approach acceptance, fear of death, and professional autonomy had a significant positive relationship with nurses' attitudes towards EOL care. Therefore, further large-scale studies considering potential confounding variables are needed to confirm our findings.
Non-surgical extirpation of a non-infectious expanding tricuspid valve mass by percutaneous aspiration thrombectomy

Marantic endocarditis refers to a noninfectious lesion, usually in the aortic and mitral valves, that is most commonly seen in advanced malignancy and systemic lupus erythematosus. Inflammatory conditions, including antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), are a rare etiology making up less than 20% of reported cases. The condition is thought to be due to a hypercoagulable state and found postmortem with rates in autopsy series ranging from 0.9% to 1.6%. In comparison to infective endocarditis, marantic endocarditis has a greater tendency for valve vegetations to embolize. Common treatment modalities include anticoagulation or valve replacement. Although percutaneous aspiration thrombectomy of right-sided heart chamber thrombi exists, there are limited reports demonstrating its use with regards to treatment of right-sided endocarditis. We present the case of an older male with a history of Factor V Leiden and APS who was admitted due to a rapidly expanding mass on the tricuspid valve (TV). Despite serial blood cultures being negative, the patient received adequate antibiotic therapy for more than 4 weeks. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed an enlarged TV vegetation with an increased diameter from 10 to 30 mm over 6 weeks. Due to the patient's high operative risk and concern for embolization complications, a multidisciplinary decision was made to perform percutaneous aspiration thrombectomy of the TV vegetation. Subsequent biopsy of the lesion confirmed it was noninfectious and nonmalignant. Thus, the patient was started on systemic anticoagulation for prevention of thromboembolic events.