ahmedabdelwahed/Medical_papers_title_and_abstract_NLP_dataset huggingface dataset:
Greywater characteristics, impacts, treatment, and reclamation using adsorption processes towards the circular economy

The gap between water demand and available water supply led to wastewater treatment, particularly greywater. Due to specific characteristics of grey wastewater, treatment and recycling of this type of wastewater capture global attention. This paper presents a literature review of the remediation of greywater by adsorption processes. Besides, the reclamation of the grey wastewater in the context of the circular economy is highlighted. In this regard, the characterization of various types of grey wastewater, the potential risks associated with greywater, and the properties of reclaimed water as per the regulation or guideline are summarized. These standards vary based on the application of reused water and from a country to another country. Furthermore, this review elucidates the adsorption process in terms of the type of adsorbents, modification of adsorbents and their regeneration process, adsorption isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamic of adsorption, and optimization of adsorption system. Finally, the removal of different pollutants from greywater by various adsorbents and techno-economic aspects are illustrated.
Prehospital Surgical Airway Management: An NAEMSP Position Statement and Resource Document

Bag-valve-mask ventilation and endotracheal intubation have been the mainstay of prehospital airway management for over four decades. Recently, supraglottic device use has risen due to various factors. The combination of bag-valve-mask ventilation, endotracheal intubation, and supraglottic devices allows for successful airway management in a majority of patients. However, there exists a small portion of patients who are unable to be intubated and cannot be adequately ventilated with either a facemask or a supraglottic airway. These patients require an emergent surgical airway. A surgical airway is an important component of all airway algorithms, and in some cases may be the only viable approach; therefore, it is imperative that EMS agencies that are credentialed to manage airways have the capability to perform surgical airways when appropriate. The National Association of Emergency Medical Services Physicians (NAEMSP) recommends the following for emergency medical services (EMS) agencies that provide advanced airway management.A surgical airway is reasonable in the prehospital setting when the airway cannot be secured by less invasive means.When indicated, a surgical airway should be performed without delay.A surgical airway is not a substitute for other airway management tools and techniques. It should not be the only rescue option available.Success of an open surgical approach using a scalpel is higher than that of percutaneous Seldinger techniques or needle-jet ventilation in the emergency setting.
The role of inflammasomes in vascular cognitive impairment

There is an increasing prevalence of Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI) worldwide, and several studies have suggested that Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion (CCH) plays a critical role in disease onset and progression. However, there is a limited understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of VCI, especially in relation to CCH. Neuroinflammation is a significant contributor in the progression of VCI as increased systemic levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has been extensively reported in VCI patients. Recently it has been established that CCH can activate the inflammasome signaling pathways, involving NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes that critically regulate IL-1β production. Given that neuroinflammation is an early event in VCI, it is important that we understand its molecular and cellular mechanisms to enable development of disease-modifying treatments to reduce the structural brain damage and cognitive deficits that are observed clinically in the elderly. Hence, this review aims to provide a comprehensive insight into the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of CCH-induced inflammasome signaling in VCI.
Utilization of biochar produced from invasive plant species to efficiently adsorb Cd (II) and Pb (II)

Global expansion of invasive plant species has caused serious ecological and economic problems. Two such invasive species, ragweed and horseweed, were pyrolyzed at temperatures of 350, 450 and 550 degrees C for biochar production (RB350, RB450, RB550 and HB350, HB450, HB550). The biochars produced were used for Cd(II) and Pb(II) removal in aqueous solutions. The results indicated that the properties of the biochars varied with pyrolysis temperature, which further affected their adsorption performance. The maximum adsorption capacity of RB450 for Cd(II) (139 mg.g(-1)) and Pb(II) (358.7 mg.g(-1)) was much higher than that shown in previous studies. The immobilized Cd(II) and Pb(II) fraction on RB450, RB550, HB450 and HB550 was mainly attributable to the acid soluble and non-available fractions. These findings suggested that pyrolysis of invasive plants at 450 degrees C could not only be an option to control invasive plants but also could be of benefit in using biochar as excellent adsorbent.
Community Pharmacy Staff Knowledge, Opinion and Practice toward Drug Shortages in Saudi Arabia

Drug shortages continue to pose a significant threat to public health and safety. Drug shortages not only worsen patient outcomes, but also significantly burden healthcare systems with additional costs. This study aimed to assess community pharmacy staff knowledge, opinion, and practice toward drug shortages in Saudi Arabia from November 2019 to March 2020. This was a cross-sectional study carried out among 1,008 community pharmacists from Saudi Arabia using a validated, self-administered and Internet-based survey. Analysis was done using chi square and fisher exact tests. Most participants were males (97.2%), less than 30 years old (48.1%), and non-Saudi citizens (94.4%), and 72.0% had good knowledge of drug shortages (score = 4-5). Around 36.0% reported that it takes 1-3 days to receive a response to the shortage report. There was a statistically significant association between the professional level of the community pharmacists and their opinion about reporting drug shortages (P < .05). Most community pharmacies (56.2%) did not receive any notification about drug shortages. In conclusion, most community pharmacists are knowledgeable and have good practice regarding drug shortages, but their opinions about drug shortages differ according to each pharmacy reporting policy.
A benzimidazole scaffold as a promising inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2

The manuscript reports the green-chemical synthesis of a new diindole-substituted benzimidazole compound, B1 through a straightforward route in coupling between indolyl-3-carboxaldehyde and o-phenylenediamine in water medium under the aerobic condition at 75 ºC. The single crystal X-ray structural analysis of B1 suggests that the disubstituted benzimidazole compound crystallizes in a monoclinic system and the indole groups exist in a perpendicular fashion with respect to benzimidazole moiety. The SARS-CoV-2 screening activity has been studied against 1 × 10e4 VeroE6 cells in a dose-dependent manner following Hoechst 33342 and nucleocapsid staining activity with respect to remdesivir. The compound exhibits 92.4% cell viability for 30 h and 35.1% inhibition against VeroE6 cells at non-cytotoxic concentration. Molecular docking studies predict high binding propensities of B1 with the main protease (Mpro) and non-structural (nsp2 and nsp7-nsp8) proteins of SARS-CoV-2 through a number of non-covalent interactions. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis for 100 ns confirms the formation of stable conformations of B1-docked proteins with significant changes of binding energy, attributing the potential inhibition properties of the synthetic benzimidazole scaffold against SARS-CoV-2. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Retention as an integrated biodiversity conservation approach for continuous-cover forestry in Europe

Retention forestry implies that biological legacies like dead and living trees are deliberately selected and retained beyond harvesting cycles to benefit biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. This model has been applied for several decades in even-aged, clearcutting (CC) systems but less so in uneven-aged, continuous-cover forestry (CCF). We provide an overview of retention in CCF in temperate regions of Europe, currently largely focused on habitat trees and dead wood. The relevance of current meta-analyses and many other studies on retention in CC is limited since they emphasize larger patches in open surroundings. Therefore, we reflect here on the ecological foundations and socio-economic frameworks of retention approaches in CCF, and highlight several areas with development potential for the future. Conclusions from this perspective paper, based on both research and current practice on several continents, although highlighting Europe, are also relevant to other temperate regions of the world using continuous-cover forest management approaches.
Strengthening Nutrition Education and Behavior Research for Academicians and Practitioners

Nutrition education and behavior research is essential for translating scientific nutrition-related evidence into actionable strategies at the individual, family, community, and policy levels. To enhance the impact of nutrition educators and researchers' efforts, there is a need for continued and directed support to sustain the rigor of research. It is the perspective of this paper that the field of nutrition education and behavior research address its inherent complexities to meet the diverse investigative strategies used by academicians as well as practitioners. Such strategies could ensure the role of nutrition education and behavior in ongoing nationwide efforts to address emerging and novel nutrition research.
Surgical outcome of graded Harada-Ito procedure in the treatment of torsional diplopia ‒ a retrospective case study with long-term results

To review and evaluate the surgical outcomes of the Fells-modified Harada-Ito procedure using a dosage scale approach with long-term follow up in patients with torsional diplopia. The records of patients who underwent the modified Harada-Ito procedure by the same surgeon during 2012-2019 were retrospectively reviewed regarding pre- and post-operative data and individual dose-scale used for the surgery. The modified Harada-Ito procedure involved advancing the anterior half of the superior oblique tendon toward the inferior edge of the lateral rectus muscle by a distance determined using a five-graded scale. A total of 27 patients (mean age 57.6 years, range, 22-81 years; 10 female) were included. Evaluating surgical outcome showed a significant difference in pre- to post-operative cyclodeviation (p = <0.001). Pre-operative mean extorsion was -10.4° and mean torsional correction achieved was 7.7°. The dose-effect relationship showed a wide spread effect, yet yielded a high success rate. All but two patients were symptom free from their torsional diplopia at the last post-operative evaluation, on average 24 months after surgery. Post-operative results and the dose-effect of the modified Harada-Ito corresponded with the aimed-for correction of torsional diplopia.. Fusion evaluation and individually based pre-operative assessments proved essential in determining individual doses for successful surgical outcomes.
The role of the focal company in sustainable development goals: A Brazilian food poultry supply chain case study

Food supply chains face challenges of sustainable supply chain management, such as waste management and environmental issues. Vertical integration or system integration is a corporate strategy for chicken production managed by the focal company. This research study discusses the role of the focal company for achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) in a Brazilian food poultry supply chain. The research consisted of a single case study with the following steps: literature review, identification of the gaps, concepts synthesis, and case study. The findings indicated theoretical and empirical guidelines for SDGs. The literature review indicated the relevance of exploring some approaches to achieve sustainable supply chain management: corporate social responsibility, green supply chain management, industrial ecology, stakeholder theory, circular economy (reduce, reuse, and recycle with economic prosperity), and sustainability science. The focal company plays a strategic role in the vertical integration operation of the Brazilian poultry supply chain. The case study findings indicate the role of the focal company toward the actors, including the feed mill supplier, live poultry transport, poultry processor, rendering plant, and distributor. However, much remains to be accomplished to answer the question "how to be sustainable?", especially in environmental and social issues involving all actors in the poultry supply chain. The Brazilian environmental legislation still needs to be revised to be aligned with SDGs because the legislation will not guarantee sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources. The critical issues and challenges are radical changes in business models, measurement of supply chain impacts, collaboration and network picturing, corporate social responsibility versus supply chain responsibility, stakeholder engagement, frameworks to implement SDGs, education about SDGs and public participation, and food supply chain integrated system forums. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Psychedelic Renaissance in Clinical Research: A Bibliometric Analysis of Three Decades of Human Studies with Psychedelics

Psychedelics were used in the treatment of psychiatric conditions prior to their prohibition in the late 1960s. In the past three decades, there is a revived research interest in the therapeutic potential of psychedelic drugs with expected FDA approvals for treatment of various conditions. Given the exponential scientific growth of this field, we sought to characterize, analyze, and visualize trends in its top-cited articles. Bibliometric analyses are quantitative approaches to characterize a scientific field, including evaluation of the impact of academic literature. The bibliometric analysis and visualizations were conducted with R-tools for comprehensive science mapping. The top-cited 100 articles were cited between 82 and 668 times (median 125; mean 158). Fifty-four percent of the T100 articles were produced in the past decade (2010-2020). Network and author impact analysis highlighted key figures and primary collaboration networks within the top 100 publications. UK, USA, Switzerland, Spain, and Brazil lead the field. Results are discussed in terms of research growth, access, diversity, and the distribution of knowledge and experience in the field. These aggregated data and insights on the second wave of psychedelic research facilitate research evaluation, data-driven funding policies, and a practical map for researchers and clinicians entering the field.
Child Maltreatment and Substance Use: A Behavior Genetic Analysis

Child maltreatment is a pervasive social problem often perpetuated by family members and is related to a wide array of negative life outcomes. Although substance use is an outcome commonly associated with experiences of child maltreatment, not all individuals who experience maltreatment struggle with such issues. Many individuals can positively adapt to experiences of maltreatment based on levels of resilience and susceptibility. Research suggests that genetic differences may partly explain why negative outcomes develop for some, but not for others. Few studies have examined the extent to which genetic and environmental factors influence the longitudinal association between child maltreatment and varying forms of substance use, leaving a fundamental gap in our current understanding of this association. The current study aims to address this gap by analyzing a sample of twins from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). Findings from a series of univariate and bivariate biometric models reveal that the longitudinal associations between maltreatment, cigarette use, and marijuana use are accounted for by additive genetic and nonshared environmental factors. Moreover, the magnitude of the contribution varies across unique subgroups of cigarette and marijuana use. Directions for future research and theoretical implications are discussed.
Temporal dynamics and spatial differences of household carbon emissions per capita of China's provinces during 2000-2019

To assess the characteristics of household carbon emissions per capita (HCPC), this paper divided China's provinces into 4 groups based on the decoupling relationship between household consumption and related emissions. This classification helped to analyze the correlation and reflected the decoupling status between carbon emissions and household consumption and explored the effect of consumption growth on carbon emissions. Then, according to logarithmic mean divisia index (LMDI) model, HCPC in China's provinces was decomposed into four drivers including carbon coefficient, energy structure, energy consumption, and population structure effect. Through multi-regional (M-R) analysis, temporal evolution and spatial differences of these four drivers in both national and provincial level were studied. This comparison method introduced temporal and spatial decomposition results into the same framework, which may provide a new perspective for analyzing carbon emission trends. The results showed that (a) the HCPC in all 30 provinces increased significantly especially in Inner Mongolia, Tianjin, Xinjiang, Heilongjiang, and Beijing. Energy consumption effect was the leading factor promoting HCPC growth. Energy structure and population structure also promoted HCPC growth slightly, and carbon coefficient was the effect which had inhibitory effect on HCPC growth at regional level. (b) Spatial differences of HCPC between regions narrowed during this period. This is mainly due to the rapid growth of HCPC in region IV. Energy consumption effect was the dominant factor for the spatial differences. Based on the results, this paper proposed to adopt more effective measures to improve energy efficiency, develop clean energy, and optimize energy structure, especially in the provinces with faster growth in carbon emissions.
Evaluation of water shortage crisis in the Middle East and possible remedies

Water resources in the Middle East region are becoming scarce, while millions of people already do not have access to adequate water for drinking and sanitary purposes. Water resources depletion has become a significant problem in this region that is likely to worsen. Current research by remote sensing analysis indicates a descending trend of water storage in the Middle East region, where agriculture plays a crucial role in socio-economic life. This study introduces an approach quantifying water depletion in the Middle Eastern countries, which are being challenged in the management of their water resources. Furthermore, this paper presents results of a survey assessing the status of water use and supply in Middle Eastern countries and outlines some potential remedies. Specifically, Iran's water use is evaluated and compared with its neighbors'. The water equivalent anomaly (WEA) and total water storage (TWS) depletion are two indexes of water scarcity calculated for Middle Eastern countries surveyed herein. Our analysis reveals that Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, and Iran are countries with very negative water scarcity indexes. These estimates prove that international cooperation is needed to manage available regional water resources and reverse depletion of natural water sources. It is demonstrated herein that virtual water trade can help remediate regional water shortage in Middle Eastern countries.
Integrated assessment of sulfate-based AOPs for pharmaceutical active compound removal from wastewater

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been proposed as tertiary treatments for municipal WWTP effluents. UV-activated peroxydisulfate (PDS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) are viable technological alternatives for treating secondary WWTP effluent containing PhACs. This article examines the feasibility of applying UV/PDS and UV/PMS technologies at pilot scale, assessing their energy and cost requirements. In addition, life cycle assessment (LCA) impacts associated with the treatment of 1 m(3) of wastewater with an effective average pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) removal of 80% has also been evaluated. Photolysis (UV) treatment alone was not capable of degrading PhACs to a sufficient extent in WWTP secondary effluent. The addition of 0.4 mmol of PDS or PMS, applying 416 mJ/cm(2 )of UV fluence, resulted in average removals of 84% and 85% for UV/PDS and UV/PMS, respectively. The electrical energy (kWh) required to degrade the mix of PhACs by one order of magnitude in 1 m(3) of contaminated water was calculated as 0.9 kWh/m(3)/order and 0.8 kWh/m(3)/order 4 for UV/PDS and UV/PMS, respectively. However, the overall cost, including operation, materials and maintenance, of applying UV/PDS and UV/PMS, based on an average PhAC removal of 80%, was 0.088 (sic)/m(3) and 0.280 (sic)/m(3), respectively. From the sustainability assessment, the factors with the greatest environmental footprint for the UV/PDS process were chemical production (PDS: 52.9%, PMS: 85%) and electricity consumption (UV/PDS: 33.4%, UV/PMS: 11.2). Finally, the normalized environmental impact analysis showed that UV/PDS was associated with an environmental footprint three times lower than UV/PMS. The overall assessment revealed that UV/PDS is preferable to UV/PMS to remove PhACs in secondary effluents of municipal WWTPs having a lower economic and environmental impact. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
An experimental energy performance investigation and economic analysis on a cascade heat pump for high-temperature water in cold region

The need of high-temperature water produced by air source heat pump (ASHP) at cold environment (-20 degrees C) is of more importance, such as 'heating by electricity instead of coal (HEIC)' heating system retrofit in northern China. Thus, a cascade ASHP for high-temperature water (such as 75 degrees C) at low ambient temperature (-20 degrees C) is developed. To exam its feasibility and study its energy performance under various hot water temperature, an experiment is carried out within hot water supply temperature from 55 to 75 degrees C and at ambient temperature as low as -21 degrees C. The results show that the cascade heat pump has excellent energy efficient at low ambient temperature and high water-supply temperature and proves the thermodynamic feasibility of the unit to supply high-temperature water for residential heating and industry use. In addition, cascade ASHP and other clean hot water technologies are compared from an economic and environmental perspective. The total economic cost of the cascade heat pump is the lowest, while the carbon dioxide cascade heat pumps is higher than gas boiler. In general, the studied heat pump reveals good energy, economic performance and acceptable environmental performance, proving its feasibility. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.