ahmedabdelwahed/Medical_papers_title_and_abstract_NLP_dataset huggingface dataset:
The extended analogy of extraembryonic development in insects and amniotes

It is fascinating that the amnion and serosa/chorion, two extraembryonic (EE) tissues that are characteristic of the amniote vertebrates (mammals, birds and reptiles), have also independently evolved in insects. In this review, we offer the first detailed, macroevolutionary comparison of EE development and tissue biology across these animal groups. Some commonalities represent independent solutions to shared challenges for protecting the embryo (environmental assaults, risk of pathogens) and supporting its development, including clear links between cellular properties (e.g. polyploidy) and physiological function. Further parallels encompass developmental features such as the early segregation of the serosa/chorion compared to later, progressive differentiation of the amnion and formation of the amniotic cavity from serosal-amniotic folds as a widespread morphogenetic mode across species. We also discuss common developmental roles for orthologous transcription factors and BMP signalling in EE tissues of amniotes and insects, and between EE and cardiac tissues, supported by our exploration of new resources for global and tissue-specific gene expression. This highlights the degree to which general developmental principles and protective tissue features can be deduced from each of these animal groups, emphasizing the value of broad comparative studies to reveal subtle developmental strategies and answer questions that are common across species. This article is part of the theme issue 'Extraembryonic tissues: exploring concepts, definitions and functions across the animal kingdom'.
Deep Q-CapsNet Reinforcement Learning Framework for Intrauterine Cavity Segmentation in TTTS Fetal Surgery Planning

Fetoscopic laser photocoagulation is the most effective treatment for Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome, a condition affecting twin pregnancies in which there is a deregulation of blood circulation through the placenta, that can be fatal to both babies. For the purposes of surgical planning, we design the first automatic approach to detect and segment the intrauterine cavity from axial, sagittal and coronal MRI stacks. Our methodology relies on the ability of capsule networks to successfully capture the part-whole interdependency of objects in the scene, particularly for unique class instances (i.e., intrauterine cavity). The presented deep Q-CapsNet reinforcement learning framework is built upon a context-adaptive detection policy to generate a bounding box of the womb. A capsule architecture is subsequently designed to segment (or refine) the whole intrauterine cavity. This network is coupled with a strided nnU-Net feature extractor, which encodes discriminative feature maps to construct strong primary capsules. The method is robustly evaluated with and without the localization stage using 13 performance measures, and directly compared with 15 state-of-the-art deep neural networks trained on 71 singleton and monochorionic twin pregnancies. An average Dice score above 0.91 is achieved for all ablations, revealing the potential of our approach to be used in clinical practice.
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Cholangiopathy: Case Series of Three Patients and Literature Review

Cholangiopathy in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is being less frequently reported since antiretroviral therapy (ART) is available. It is associated with an advanced disease and seen in situations with poor access or non-compliance with ART. Liver biopsy is thought to have low yield in cases of AIDS cholangiopathy, but it can be an important tool in diagnosis, especially early in the course of the disease. The prognosis of AIDS cholangiopathy is generally not favorable, the therapy for opportunistic infections is mostly ineffective and restoration of immune system with ART remains the therapy of choice. We are sharing our experience of diagnosing and managing three cases of AIDS cholangiopathy.
A Tensor B-Spline Approach for Solving the Diffusion PDE With Application to Optical Diffusion Tomography

Optical Diffusion Tomography (ODT) is amodern non-invasive medical imaging modality which requires mathematical modelling of near-infrared light propagation in tissue. Solving the ODT forward problem equation accurately and efficiently is crucial. Typically, the forward problem is represented by a Diffusion PDE and is solved using the Finite Element Method (FEM) on a mesh, which is often unstructured. Tensor B-spline signal processing has the attractive features of excellent interpolation and approximation properties, multiscale properties, fast algorithms and does not require meshing. This paper introduces Tensor B-spline methodology with arbitrary spline degree tailored to solve the ODT forward problem in an accurate and efficient manner. We show that our Tensor B-spline formulation induces efficient and highly parallelizable computational algorithms. Exploitation of B-spline properties for integration over irregular domains proved valuable. The TensorB-spline solverwas tested on standard problems and on synthetic medical data and compared to FEM, including state-of-the art ODT forward solvers. Results show that 1) a significantly higher accuracy can be achieved with the same number of nodes, 2) fewer nodes are required to achieve a prespecified accuracy, 3) the algorithm converges in significantly fewer iterations to a given error. These findings support the value of Tensor Bsplinemethodology for high-performanceODT implementations. This may translate into advances in ODT imaging for biomedical research and clinical application.
Simulation Tools for Electromagnetic Transients in Power Systems: Overview and Challenges

This paper presents an overview on available tools and methods for the simulation of electromagnetic transients in power systems. Both off-line and real-time simulation tools are presented and discussed. The first objective is to give the reader an overview on the modeling and simulation capabilities in currently available state-of-the-art tools. The second objective is to provide perspectives on research topics and needed enhancements.
Luminescence investigation of Sm3+ ,Eu2+ -activated/co-activated Ba2 AlB4 O7 Cl phosphors: novel red to blue colour tuning in chloroborates

Borochlorate phosphors have shown their worth in modern day lighting over the last few years. Colour tunability of the phosphor is a modern techniques used to obtain white-light-emitting diodes (WLEDs). In the proposed work, Sm3+ ,Eu2+ -activated/co-activated Ba2 AlB4 O7 Cl phosphors were investigated for WLED applications as well as display devices. A convectional solid-state diffusion method was used to synthesize the proposed phosphors. X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the proposed phosphors confirmed the crystalline nature of the sample. Morphological studies on the samples were carried out using scanning electron microscopy analysis. A photoluminescence study of the colour tunable phosphor showed the characteristic peak of Sm3+ together with one broad peak for Eu2+ ions. Red to blue colour tunability was observed in the proposed phosphor with enhancement of Eu2+ ions. All these results showed the worth of this sample in WLED applications as well as in display devices.
Cloning Strategy for HDAC1/HDAC2 Hybrid Protein Expression in Mammalian Cells

Dynamic deacetylation of non-histone proteins by histone deacetylases (HDACs) is a key regulator of protein functions, interactions, and turnover. Among class I HDACs, human HDAC1 and HDAC2 share more than 80% global homology at the amino acid level. However, despite the high redundancy, there are examples for differential substrate specificities of HDAC1 and HDAC2. Until now it remains quite unclear how specific and overlapping functions of HDAC1/HDAC2 are regulated in different contexts. Here, we describe molecular cloning techniques for the generation of HDAC1/HDAC2 hybrid proteins, HDAC1/HDAC2 mutants lacking known interaction domains, and HDAC1/HDAC2 hybrid proteins with interchanged N-terminal domains. These proteins are tools for the analysis of specific protein interactions and functions in mammalian cells.
Specialised ribosomes as versatile regulators of gene expression

The ribosome has long been thought to be a homogeneous cellular machine that constitutively and globally synthesises proteins from mRNA. However, recent studies have revealed that ribosomes are highly heterogeneous, dynamic macromolecular complexes with specialised roles in translational regulation in many organisms across the kingdoms. In this review, we summarise the current understanding of ribosome heterogeneity and the specialised functions of heterogeneous ribosomes. We also discuss specialised translation systems that utilise orthogonal ribosomes.
Theoretical analysis for the fluctuation in the electric parameters of the electroporated cells before and during the electrofusion

An electric pulse with a sufficient amplitude can lead to electroporation of intracellular organelles. Also, the electric field can lead to electrofusion of the neighboring cells. In this paper, a finite element mathematical model was used to simulate the distribution, radius, and density of the pores. We simulated a mathematical model of the two neighbor cells to analyze the fluctuation in the electroporation parameters before the electrofusion under the ultra-shorted electric field pulse (i.e., impulse signal) for each cell separately and after the electrofusion under the ultra-shorted pulse. The analysis of the temporal and spatial distribution can lead to improving the mathematical models that are used to analyze both electroporation and electrofusion. The study combines the advantages of the nanosecond pulse to avoid the effect of the cell size on the electrofusion and the large-pore radius at the contact point between the cells.
Optimization and kinetic modeling of phosphate recovery as struvite by electrocoagulation from source-separated urine

Phosphorus recovery is indispensable due to the rapid depletion of its natural reserves and excessive utility in agriculture. Though human urine has high nutrient content including phosphate, nitrogen and potassium; direct use as a fertilizer is restricted due to hygienic, environmental, social and ethical issues. To overcome these limitations, the nutrients are precipitated by the external addition of magnesium (Mg) to form a slow-releasing fertilizer called struvite. The present study aims to maximize phosphate recovery through optimizing struvite production by an emerging electrocoagulation technique. A maximum of 95% phosphate recovery was achieved using inter-electrode distance of 0.5 cm, 2 A current from undiluted urine using Mg-Mg electrodes in a reaction time of 30 min. Further, kinetic modeling of phosphate recovery through electrocoagulation was conducted to comprehend the intended mechanism through the order of kinetics. The results revealed that the data best correlated with first-order kinetics with a correlation coefficient of 0.95. Electrocoagulation improved the supernatant quality by reducing the ion concentrations other than phosphate (30-50%), salinity (40-45%), and microbial population (99%). Qualitative assessment of the precipitate through sophisticated analysis further confirmed the presence of struvite crystals.
Orthogonally Integrating Programmable Structural Color and Photo-Rewritable Fluorescence in Hydrazone Photoswitch-bonded Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Network

Design and fabrication of advanced security label showing superior performance in data encryption has attracted tremendous scientific interests. Especially, multifunctional optical labels capable of storing distinct information in different modes are highly demanded. Here, a fluorescent cholesteric liquid crystalline network (CLCN) film with programmable visible patterns and photo-rewritable fluorescent patterns was designed and prepared. The visible patterns were fixed by helical network and the colors of visible patterns were tunable by changing relative humidity (RH). The fluorescent patterns originated from dynamic isomerization of fluorescent hydrazones, exhibiting highly thermal stability and switching-ability controlled by light. The orthogonal construction of visible and fluorescent pattern enabled the novel CLCN to encrypt distinct information in reflective mode and in emissive mode, indicating its potential in anti-counterfeiting and information encryptions.
An optimal circular antenna array design considering mutual coupling using heuristic approaches

This article shows the design of a non-uniformly excited single ring circular antenna array (CAA) for the synthesis of optimal far-field radiation characteristics. A recently proposed meta-heuristic based optimization algorithm called gray wolf optimization (GWO) and state-of-the-art swarm intelligence based evolutionary optimization technique known as particle swarm optimization with a distribution based update mechanism (PSOd) are individually applied to determine the optimum set of current excitation amplitude weights and the inter-element spacing among the array elements to reduce the side lobe level and 3-dB beamwidth considering the mutual coupling. The results obtained by employing PSOd and GWO are compared to those of the uniform radiation pattern and the recently published results of state-of-the-art literature having equal sets of elements to show the superiority of employed approaches. Three different design examples of 8, 10, and 12 elements CAA are reported in this article to study the performances of PSOd and GWO algorithm-based results over the results of other recently reported literature.
An Improved Describing Function With Applications for OTA-Based Circuits

Electronic systems make extensive use of operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) to build filters and oscillators. Studying the effects of the saturation nonlinearity on these OTA-based circuits is difficult and often requires lengthy simulations to check the system's performance under large-signal operation. The describing function (DF) theory allows to circumvent these simulations by deriving a signal-dependent linearized gain, which predicts the effects of the nonlinearity. However, its use is limited since the state-of-the-art DFs deviate significantly from the real saturating behavior of OTAs. This paper proposes an improved DF, which can be directly derived from the static nonlinear characteristic of the transconductance amplifier. The performance of the proposed methodology is demonstrated for both an OTA-based filter and oscillator. It is shown that the proposed DF has a better nonlinear prediction capability than the state-of-the-art solutions.
Optimization Reduces Knee-Joint Forces During Walking and Squatting: Validating the Inverse Dynamics Approach for Full Body Movements on Instrumented Knee Prostheses

Because of the redundancy of our motor system, movements can be performed in many ways. While multiple motor control strategies can all lead to the desired behavior, they result in different joint and muscle forces. This creates opportunities to explore this redundancy, for example, for pain avoidance or reducing the risk of further injury. To assess the effect of different motor control optimization strategies, a direct measurement of muscle and joint forces is desirable, but problematic for medical and ethical reasons. Computational modeling might provide a solution by calculating approximations of these forces. In this study, we used a full-body computational musculoskeletal model to (a) predict forces measured in knee prostheses during walking and squatting and (b) study the effect of different motor control strategies (i.e., minimizing joint force vs. muscle activation) on the joint load and prediction error. We found that musculoskeletal models can accurately predict knee joint forces with a root mean squared error of <0.5 body weight (BW) in the superior direction and about 0.1 BW in the medial and anterior directions. Generally, minimization of joint forces produced the best predictions. Furthermore, minimizing muscle activation resulted in maximum knee forces of about 4 BW for walking and 2.5 BW for squatting. Minimizing joint forces resulted in maximum knee forces of 2.25 BW and 2.12 BW, that is, a reduction of 44% and 15%, respectively. Thus, changing the muscular coordination strategy can strongly affect knee joint forces. Patients with a knee prosthesis may adapt their neuromuscular activation to reduce joint forces during locomotion.
Techno-economic evaluation of an ammonia-based post-combustion process integrated with a state-of-the-art coal-fired power plant

A techno-economic evaluation of the application of an ammonia-based post-combustion CO2 capture system to an existing, state-of-the-art, coal-fired power plant. The study comprised an assessment of the ammonia based capture process together with a detailed cost analysis, based on which the overall design of the capture process is presented, including a power plant integration strategy and estimates of the specific CO2 capture cost ((sic)/tCO(2)). The evaluations of the power plant and the CO2 capture plant were based on process modeling. The cost analysis was based on the installed cost of each unit in the equipment list derived from the process simulation, which was determined using detailed-factor estimation. We show that the steam required for a CO2 capture efficiency of 90% lowers the electric output from 408.0 MWel to 341.8 MWel. The capital expenditure related to the retrofit of the reference power plant with CO2 capture is 230M(sic) and the operating expenditure is determined to be 66.5M(sic)/year, corresponding to a relative capture cost of 35(sic)/tCO(2). Furthermore, the present work proposes design improvements that may reduce the cost of capture to 31(sic)/tCO(2). (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The need for standards and certification for investigative genetic genealogy, and a notice of action

As investigative genetic genealogy (IGG) becomes a more common tool for investigating agencies to resolve cold cases and provide names to unidentified human remains, there is an urgent need for standards and a certification process for IGG practitioners. There are four broad concerns that give rise to this need: data privacy, public trust, proficiency (and agency trust), and accountability. Yet, while the need is clear, the few discussions of standards and certification thus far have been plagued by misunderstandings of IGG and poor analogs for the profession. Thus, in addition to describing the need, this article analyzes three relevant analogs for IGG standards and certification and describes the strengths and weaknesses of each. Finally, this article announces the creation of a non-profit Board of Certification for Investigative Genetic Genealogy and a framework for standards and a certification process for IGG.
Practical target values of Shockley-Read-Hall recombination rates in state-of-the-art triple-junction solar cells for realizing conversion efficiencies within 1% of the internal radiative limit

In order to identify the cause of the difference between actual efficiency and the theoretical limit in state-of-the-art triple-junction solar cells, we investigate the internal luminescence efficiency in the depletion region ( eta intdep). The average internal luminescence efficiency of the whole subcell volume ( eta int over bar ) is obtained experimentally, and the eta intdep is deduced by numerical calculations using rate equations. We find that eta int over bar and eta intdep agree well in the low-recombination current regime including the maximum power point. This indicates that the non-radiative recombination loss at the maximum power point strongly depends on the recombination in the depletion region. Furthermore, we determine the actual Shockley-Read-Hall recombination coefficient in the depletion region, A(dep), which is proportional to the effective density of recombination centers. Our analysis reveals the target values of A(dep) required for realizing conversion efficiencies that are within 1% of the internal radiative limit. The analysis also clarifies the extent of reduction of the effective density of recombination centers (in the depletion region) that is required to realize a given target efficiency.
Approaches to investigating metabolism in human neurodevelopment using organoids: insights from intestinal and cancer studies

Interrogating the impact of metabolism during development is important for understanding cellular and tissue formation, organ and systemic homeostasis, and dysregulation in disease states. To evaluate the vital functions metabolism coordinates during human brain development and disease, pluripotent stem cell-derived models, such as organoids, provide tractable access to neurodevelopmental processes. Despite many strengths of neural organoid models, the extent of their replication of endogenous metabolic programs is currently unclear and requires direct investigation. Studies in intestinal and cancer organoids that functionally evaluate dynamic bioenergetic changes provide a framework that can be adapted for the study of neural metabolism. Validation of in vitro models remains a significant challenge; investigation using in vivo models and primary tissue samples is required to improve our in vitro model systems and, concomitantly, improve our understanding of human development.
Regulation of the Ca(2+)-ATPase by cholesterol: a specific or non-specific effect?

Like other integral membrane proteins, the activity of the Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) is regulated by the membrane environment. Cholesterol is present in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane at low levels, and it has the potential to affect SERCA activity both through direct, specific interaction with the protein or through indirect interaction through changes of the overall membrane properties. There are experimental data arguing for both modes of action for a cholesterol-mediated regulation of SERCA. In the current study, coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations are used to address how a mixed lipid-cholesterol membrane interacts with SERCA. Candidates for direct regulatory sites with specific cholesterol binding modes are extracted from the simulations. The binding pocket for thapsigargin, a nanomolar inhibitor of SERCA, has been suggested as a cholesterol binding site. However, the thapsigargin binding pocket displayed very little cholesterol occupation in the simulations. Neither did atomistic simulations of cholesterol in the thapsigargin binding pocket support any specific interaction. The current study points to a non-specific effect of cholesterol on SERCA activity, and offers an alternative interpretation of the experimental results used to argue for a specific effect.
A robust JPEG compression detector for image forensics

Identification of JPEG compressed images saved in uncompressed format (JPEG-U images) is an important issue in forensic analysis. The state-of-the-art JPEG compression detection methods fail to identify such images when subjected to post-processing/anti-forensic operations. In this paper, we propose a novel JPEG compression detector which is robust to post-processing and anti-forensic operations. The detector is based on the difference in the discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficient distributions in the ac subbands of uncompressed images and JPEG-U images. We show theoretically and empirically that the probability of subband DCT coefficients which lie in the interval (-0.5,0.5) is significantly different for a JPEG-U and the corresponding uncompressed image. This difference is exploited to derive a detection statistic which is compared with a threshold to detect JPEG-U images. The detector makes use of calibration, a technique used in steganalysis, to obtain the detection statistic. The experimental results show that the proposed detector significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art detectors, especially in the presence of post-processing and anti-forensic operations.