ahmedabdelwahed/Medical_papers_title_and_abstract_NLP_dataset huggingface dataset:
Tomato POLLEN DEFICIENT 2 encodes a G-type lectin receptor kinase required for viable pollen grain formation

Pollen development is a crucial biological process indispensable for seed set in flowering plants and for successful crop breeding. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating pollen development in crop species. This study reports a novel male-sterile tomato mutant, pollen deficient 2 (pod2), characterized by the production of non-viable pollen grains and resulting in the development of small parthenocarpic fruits. A combined strategy of mapping-by-sequencing and RNA interference-mediated gene silencing was used to prove that the pod2 phenotype is caused by the loss of Solanum lycopersicum G-type lectin receptor kinase II.9 (SlG-LecRK-II.9) activity. In situ hybridization of floral buds showed that POD2/SlG-LecRK-II.9 is specifically expressed in tapetal cells and microspores at the late tetrad stage. Accordingly, abnormalities in meiosis and tapetum programmed cell death in pod2 occurred during microsporogenesis, resulting in the formation of four dysfunctional microspores leading to an aberrant microgametogenesis process. RNA-seq analyses supported the existence of alterations at the final stage of microsporogenesis, since we found tomato deregulated genes whose counterparts in Arabidopsis are essential for the normal progression of male meiosis and cytokinesis. Collectively, our results revealed the essential role of POD2/SlG-LecRK-II.9 in regulating tomato pollen development.
Relevant topics in wire electrical discharge machining control

A relationship between the dynamics of the wire electrode and the state of the art in wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) control is established through wire modeling, listing the control issues related to WEDM and providing a catalogue of corresponding solutions. The results are to be used for identifying promising R&D directions in terms of customer convenience, and set up cost reduction by an improved process mastering. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Social Network and Place: The Inheritance and Development of Beijing Crosstalk Performing Art

In order to protect the traditional performing arts, we need to analyze the factors that sustain its inheritance and development. Some of the factors are embedded in the place. This paper takes Beijing Crosstalk as an example to explore its relationship with the place Beijing. The authors interviewed and surveyed the crosstalk performers, and analyzed data of crosstalk performers from the Sina Weibo social media platform. The study found that Beijing crosstalk can be particularly successful because there are three levels of social networks embedded in Beijing: The first is the mentor-apprentice relationship within the crosstalk group. The second is communication with other performing groups or performers (such as other crosstalk groups, performers from opera, drama, etc.) in Beijing. The third is their cooperating relationship with the media. These three networks are not available in any other cities of China, which is the key to the inheritance and development of Beijing crosstalk as intangible cultural heritage. Therefore, the protection and transmission of local intangible cultural heritage needs not only to protect the intangible cultural heritage itself, but also to protect its related social networks and social resources that make up such networks.
A robust salient object detection using edge enhanced global topographical saliency

Complex salient object detection is the most challenging task in clutter background images. In this prevailing problem, global contrast-based methods are comprehensively preferred. But these methods fail in preserving the structure, shape and broader related geometrical information. Aiming at these limitations, the proposed method uses global contrast and iterative Laplacian of Gaussian to generate initial global topographical saliency. In this topographical saliency, iterative Laplacian of Gaussian is used to preserve the structural, shape and broader related geometrical information. This global topographical saliency is used as a reference plane for integrating regional saliencies. The color, spatial and distance based regional saliencies are integrated into the boundary enhanced global topographical saliency to improve the substantial information of the object. Boundary-based Gaussian weighted, background suppression model, is used to remove the background and edge-effects. Finally, central saliency addition is used to enhance the final saliency. The proposed method is compared with recent six global contrasts based state-of-art methods, two deep learning based methods and four publicly available datasets. The experimental result presented here shows that the proposed method performs better in comparison to the state-of-the-art methods.
Smartphone processor architecture, operations, and functions: current state-of-the-art and future outlook: energy performance trade-off Energy-performance trade-off for smartphone processors

Balancing energy-performance trade-offs for smartphone processor operations is undergoing intense research considering the challenges with the evolving technology of mobile computing. However, to guarantee energy-efficient processor operation, layout, and architecture, it is necessary to identify and integrate optimization techniques and parameters influencing energy-performance trade-off in various processor activity domains. Existing literature on energy optimization in smartphones focuses primarily on individual sub-domains such as OS, GPU, and cloud offloading methods. It reflects multiple smartphone processor activities domains as being the most discussed but less integrated. Through this study, we intend to provide the current state-of-the-art energy optimization techniques for smartphone processor operations. It also classifies multiple energy-draining processor operations along with their thorough discussion of methodologies and popular optimization techniques. The study models smartphone processor sub-components highlighting conventional techniques and performance parameters among its varied domains affecting the device's energy performance along with significant energy drain minimization without any serious performance degradation. The study analyzes these approaches in the context of applicability, performance, and expected future demands along with revealing limitations of those approaches and open research issues prevailing in the available literature. Finally, we conclude our study by summarizing the current state of the art for smartphone processor activities power consumption.
Design of Antennas through Artificial Intelligence: State of the Art and Challenges

The antenna is a critical part of the RF front end of a communication system. In this study, we present some of the major applications of artificial intelligence (AI) to antenna design. We review the previous research and applications of several AI techniques such as evolutionary algorithms, machine learning, and knowledge representation ontologies. Applications may vary from antenna design to antenna features evaluation in a research field, which is rapidly growing. Finally, we summarize the challenges of new AI techniques in antenna design based on the current state of the art and predict its future research directions.
The velocity of postglacial migration of fire-adapted boreal tree species in eastern North America

The Earth's climate has been warming rapidly since the beginning of the industrial era, forcing terrestrial organisms to adapt. Migration constitutes one of the most effective processes for surviving and thriving, although the speed at which tree species migrate as a function of climate change is unknown. One way to predict latitudinal movement of trees under the climate of the twenty-first century is to examine past migration since the Last Glacial Maximum. In this study, radiocarbon-dated macrofossils were used to calculate the velocity of past migration of jack pine (Pinus banksiana) and black spruce (Picea mariana), two important fire-adapted conifers of the North American boreal forest. Jack pine migrated at a mean rate of 19 km per century (km-cent) from unglaciated sites in the central and southeastern United States to the northern limit of the species in subarctic Canada. However, the velocity increased between unglaciated and early deglaciated sites in southern Quebec and slowed from early to mid-Holocene in central and eastern Quebec. Migration was at its lowest speed in late-Holocene times, when it stopped about 3,000 y ago. Compared with jack pine, black spruce migrated at a faster mean rate of 25 km-cent from the ice border at the last interstadial (Bølling/Allerød) to the species tree limit. The modern range of both species was nearly occupied about 6,000 y ago. The factors modulating the changing velocity of jack pine migration were closely associated with the warm-dry climate of the late Pleistocene-Holocene transition and the more humid climate of the mid- and late-Holocene.
An Adaptive Group of Density Outlier Removal Filter: Snow Particle Removal from LiDAR Data

Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) is an important technology integrated into self-driving cars to enhance the reliability of these systems. Even with some advantages over cameras, it is still limited under extreme weather conditions such as heavy rain, fog, or snow. Traditional methods such as Radius Outlier Removal (ROR) and Statistical Outlier Removal (SOR) are limited in their ability to detect snow points in LiDAR point clouds. This paper proposes an Adaptive Group of Density Outlier Removal (AGDOR) filter that can remove snow particles more effectively in raw LiDAR point clouds, with verification on the Winter Adverse Driving Dataset (WADS). In our proposed method, an intensity threshold combined with a proposed outlier removal filter was employed. Outstanding performance was obtained, with higher accuracy up to 96% and processing speed of 0.51 s per frame in our result. In particular, our filter outperforms the state-of-the-art filter by achieving a 16.32% higher Precision at the same accuracy. However, our method archive is lower in recall than the state-of-the-art method. This clearly indicates that AGDOR retains a significant amount of object points from LiDAR. The results suggest that our filter would be useful for snow removal under harsh weathers for autonomous driving systems.
Change Detection for Heterogeneous Remote Sensing Images with Improved Training of Hierarchical Extreme Learning Machine (HELM)

To solve the problems of susceptibility to image noise, subjectivity of training sample selection, and inefficiency of state-of-the-art change detection methods with heterogeneous images, this study proposes a post-classification change detection method for heterogeneous images with improved training of hierarchical extreme learning machine (HELM). After smoothing the images to suppress noise, a sample selection method is defined to train the HELM for each image, in which the feature extraction is respectively implemented for heterogeneous images and the parameters need not be fine-tuned. Then, the multi-temporal feature maps extracted from the trained HELM are segmented to obtain classification maps and then compared to generate a change map with changed types. The proposed method is validated experimentally by using one set of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images obtained from Sentinel-1, one set of optical images acquired from Google Earth, and two sets of heterogeneous SAR and optical images. The results show that compared to state-of-the-art change detection methods, the proposed method can improve the accuracy of change detection by more than 8% in terms of the kappa coefficient and greatly reduce run time regardless of the type of images used. Such enhancement reflects the robustness and superiority of the proposed method.
Role of Automated Volume, Conductivity and Scatter (VCS) Parameters of Neutrophils as Indicators of Sepsis

This study was done to evaluate the role of automated volume, conductivity and scatter (VCS) parameters of neutrophils as indicators of sepsis and its differentiation from other inflammatory disorders. In this cross-sectional study, 225 patients with culture proven or with clinical evidence of sepsis were included along with an equal number of healthy controls. In addition, 138 patients with non-infective inflammatory conditions-acute pancreatitis (50), burns (45) and acute myocardial infarction (43) were also included. Complete blood count was done on LH750 automated hematology analyser (Beckman Coulter). VCS data; mean neutrophil volume (MNV), mean neutrophil conductivity (MNC) and mean neutrophil scatter (MNS) for all patients was recorded. MNV was high (p < .0001) while MNS was lower (p < .0001) in patients with sepsis compared to the control group. MNC was comparable between the two groups (p = .4735). On subgroup analysis of patients with sepsis, significant difference in MNV (p = .0009) and MNS (p = .0210) was observed in patients with leukopenia, normal TLC and leucocytosis. Youden Index was maximum (71%) at MNV of 144.6 (sensitivity-82.7%; specificity-88.5%) and MNV of 147.9 (sensitivity-75.6%; specificity-95.6%) for sepsis. On comparing patients with sepsis with acute pancreatitis and myocardial infarction, MNV and MNC were significantly higher in patients with sepsis. MNV is a useful, inexpensive parameter which can be accessed during a routine CBC run from the raw data. It can be utilized as an early indicator of sepsis as an adjunct to the clinical diagnosis in suspect patients. However, its availability in only select hematology analyzers may limit its use.
Intelligent Multimodal Framework for Human Assistive Robotics Based on Computer Vision Algorithms

Assistive technologies help all persons with disabilities to improve their accessibility in all aspects of their life. The AIDE European project contributes to the improvement of current assistive technologies by developing and testing a modular and adaptive multimodal interface customizable to the individual needs of people with disabilities. This paper describes the computer vision algorithms part of the multimodal interface developed inside the AIDE European project. The main contribution of this computer vision part is the integration with the robotic system and with the other sensory systems (electrooculography (EOG) and electroencephalography (EEG)). The technical achievements solved herein are the algorithm for the selection of objects using the gaze, and especially the state-of-the-art algorithm for the efficient detection and pose estimation of textureless objects. These algorithms were tested in real conditions, and were thoroughly evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively. The experimental results of the object selection algorithm were excellent (object selection over 90%) in less than 12 s. The detection and pose estimation algorithms evaluated using the LINEMOD database were similar to the state-of-the-art method, and were the most computationally efficient.
Rock art interpretive approaches - Devising frameworks to maximally utilise independent lines of evidence

Past cultures in all the major continents have, for millennia, developed symbolic systems and iconographies whose depictions spanned a multiplicity of media, including rock art as well as ceramic decoration and other physical forms. This is an area which has long been recognised, but requires further investigation and research for any meaningful conclusions to be drawn - particularly regarding its potential to assist in the meaning and chronology of rock art. Taken together with other data such as the contrasting distribution of archaeological sites and rock art locations, we may form independent lines of evidence, not conclusive in their own right, but when combined can provide convincing arguments toward specific chronology and attribution. Indeed, each rock art site needs to have its own tailored interpretive framework, devised to maximally exploit the available archaeological and other data to assist in the understanding of the rock art. This paper will describe a multidimensional methodology to rock art chronological and cultural attribution using an approach applied at the site of Hierakonpolis, Upper Egypt which is known for its late Predynastic and Early Dynastic settlement and funerary localities, occurring adjacent to rock beds and hills incorporating rock art and inscriptions from a span of ages. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Extending co-citation using sections of research articles

The excessive amount of digital information has made it crucial to extract the relevant information. This hinders researchers in finding documents pertaining to their research. There exist various state-of-the-art techniques, such as co-citation, bibliographic coupling, and their recent extensions like citation proximity analysis and citation order analysis, that recommend the relevant documents against the posed query. Most of these approaches are statistical in nature and thus can further be extended by incorporating some semantics to enhance the results. In this paper, we present an extension of a co-citation-based technique to identify the most relevant documents to co-cited document(s). The proposed system explores in-text citation frequencies and in-text citation patterns of co-cited documents within the different logical sections of cited-by papers. Furthermore, we have evaluated the proposed approach with the co-citation approach and citation proximity analysis (CPA) approach on a dataset acquired from CiteSeer. The outcomes revealed that most of the time the proposed approach outperformed other state-of-the-art techniques. The average correlation of the proposed approach is increased by 68% as compared to the co-citation-based approach. In comparison with CPA approach, the average correlation of the proposed approach is increased by 39% with respect to gold-standard rankings.
Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis dissected the osteo-immunology microenvironment and revealed key regulators in osteoporosis

Osteoporoticfractures become increasingly common in postmenopausal women over age 55 years and men after age 65 years, bringing about substantial bone-associated morbidities, and augmented mortality and health-care costs. Advanced researches have led to a more accurate assessment of osteoporosis (OP) and have broadened the range of therapeutic approaches available to prevent osteoporotic fractures. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis is an evolutionary method that quantifies the majority of transcripts in individual cells at isoform resolution, paving the way for more detailed analyses of gene regulation in biology and medicine. We have extracted 19,102 cells and 4097 dynamical genes with significant expression changes. Several new subtypes of macrophages and differentially over-expressed genes were discovered in the trajectory of osteoclasts formation. The zinc finger protein 36, C3H type-like 1 (ZFP36L1) and defensin alpha 3 (DEFA3) were identified as novel bone metabolism-related genes. RETN-CAP1 was newly found to be involved in the interaction between osteoclasts and immunocytes, indicating that osteo-immunology microenvironment substantially contributed to the pathology of osteoporosis or osteopenia. In this research, we have performed Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis to display the trajectory of osteoclast formation and reveal the possible gene targets and signaling pathways that probably play an important role in osteoporosis.
Intention to Breastfeed and Paternal Influence on Pregnant Mothers Exclusively Using Marijuana Compared with Other Substances

Objective: To determine intention to breastfeed (ITBF) rates among mothers exclusively using marijuana (eMJ) compared with electronic cigarettes (eEcig), tobacco products (eTob), or multisubstances (MS), nonusers (NU), and the influence of paternal presence and paternal substance use. Study Design: Cross-sectional study of parental survey responses merged with electronic birth certificates. Accounting for clinical and social determinants of health, analyses of ITBF included (1) all mothers, (2) single mothers, and (3) mothers with fathers. Results: Among all mothers (n = 1,073), eMJ, eTob, and MS users had lower odds of ITBF compared with NU. Only eMJ users had lower odds of ITBF for those without paternal presence. However, in those mothers with a paternal presence, odds of ITBF were similar to NU for eMJ, eTob, and MS users when accounting for paternal factors, including paternal substance use. Conclusion: Women exclusively using MJ have lower ITBF compared with NU. However, paternal presence mitigated this effect, independent of parental MJ use. The presence of fathers may represent a unique predictor for increased ITBF in MJ using mothers.
Lineage-Specific Patterns of Genome Deterioration in Obligate Symbionts of Sharpshooter Leafhoppers

Plant sap-feeding insects (Hemiptera) rely on obligate bacterial symbionts that provision nutrients. Some of these symbionts are ancient and have evolved tiny genomes, whereas others are younger and retain larger, dynamic genomes. Baumannia cicadellinicola, an obligate symbiont of sharpshooter leafhoppers, is derived from a relatively recent symbiont replacement. To better understand evolutionary decay of genomes, we compared Baumannia from three host species. A newly sequenced genome for Baumannia from the green sharpshooter (B-GSS) was compared with genomes of Baumannia from the blue-green sharpshooter (B-BGSS, 759 kilobases [kb]) and from the glassy-winged sharpshooter (B-GWSS, 680 kb). B-GSS has the smallest Baumannia genome sequenced to date (633 kb), with only three unique genes, all involved in membrane function. It has lost nearly all pathways involved in vitamin and cofactor synthesis, as well as amino acid biosynthetic pathways that are redundant with pathways of the host or the symbiotic partner, Sulcia muelleri. The entire biosynthetic pathway for methionine is eliminated, suggesting that methionine has become a dietary requirement for hosts. B-GSS and B-BGSS share 33 genes involved in bacterial functions (e.g., cell division, membrane synthesis, metabolite transport, etc.) that are lost from the more distantly related B-GWSS and most other tiny genome symbionts. Finally, pairwise divergence estimates indicate that B-GSS has experienced a lineage-specific increase in substitution rates. This increase correlates with accelerated protein-level changes and widespread gene loss. Thus, the mode and tempo of genome reduction vary widely among symbiont lineages and result in wide variation in metabolic capabilities across hosts.