ahmedabdelwahed/Medical_papers_title_and_abstract_NLP_dataset huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for Underwater Image Enhancement Based on Benchmarking of Different Methods

Images obtained in an underwater environment are often affected by colour casting and suffer from poor visibility and lack of contrast. In the literature, there are many enhancement algorithms that improve different aspects of the underwater imagery. Each paper, when presenting a new algorithm or method, usually compares the proposed technique with some alternatives present in the current state of the art. There are no studies on the reliability of benchmarking methods, as the comparisons are based on various subjective and objective metrics. This paper would pave the way towards the definition of an effective methodology for the performance evaluation of the underwater image enhancement techniques. Moreover, this work could orientate the underwater community towards choosing which method can lead to the best results for a given task in different underwater conditions. In particular, we selected five well-known methods from the state of the art and used them to enhance a dataset of images produced in various underwater sites with different conditions of depth, turbidity, and lighting. These enhanced images were evaluated by means of three different approaches: objective metrics often adopted in the related literature, a panel of experts in the underwater field, and an evaluation based on the results of 3D reconstructions.
NK-CDS: A Creative Design System for Museum Art Derivatives

At present, designing museum art derivatives attracts more and more attention. Experts in the field often use hand painting or image editing software to process images. This is time-consuming work and requires professional knowledge for design. In order to address this problem, by exploiting the advanced computer simulation and image processing techniques, we develop a novel museum art derivative design system, named NK-CDS. This system consists of element operation and element application modules. Given a cultural relic image, the user extracts the interest region in the image, then processes the appearance of the element by denoising, sharpening, etc. Finally, with the application interface, the user can flexibly map the processed elements to any location of a lifestyle model. This system is intuitive and easy to operate, which can improve the design efficiency of museum derivatives and inspire ideas for creative culture product design.
GVLE: a highly optimized GPU-based implementation of variable-length encoding

Nowadays, the massive use of multimedia data gives to data compression a funda-mental role in reducing the storage requirements and communication bandwidth. Variable-length encoding (VLE) is a relevant data compression method that reduces input data size by assigning shorter codewords to mostly used symbols, and longer codewords to rarely utilized symbols. As it is a common strategy in many compres-sion algorithms, such as the popular Huffman coding, speeding VLE up is essen-tial to accelerate them. For this reason, during the last decade and a half, efficient VLE implementations have been presented in the area of General Purpose Graph-ics Processing Units (GPGPU). The main performance issues of the state-of-the-art GPU-based implementations of VLE are the following. First, the way in which the codeword look-up table is stored in shared memory is not optimized to reduce the bank conflicts. Second, input/output data are read/written through inefficient strided global memory accesses. Third, the way in which the thread-codes are built is not optimized to reduce the number of executed instructions. Our goal in this work is to significantly speed up the state-of-the-art implementations of VLE by solving their performance issues. To this end, we propose GVLE, a highly optimized implemen-tation of VLE on GPU, which uses the following optimization strategies. First, the caching of the codeword look-up table is done in a way that minimizes the bank conflicts. Second, input data are read by using vectorized loads to exploit fully the available global memory bandwidth. Third, each thread encoding is performed effi-ciently in the register space with high instruction-level parallelism and lower num-ber of executed instructions. Fourth, a novel inter-block scan method, which out-performs those of state-of-the-art solutions, is used to calculate the bit-positions of the thread-blocks encodings in the output bit-stream. Our proposed mechanism is based on a regular segmented scan performed efficiently on sequences of bit-lengths of 32 consecutive thread-blocks encodings by using global atomic additions. Fifth, output data are written efficiently by executing coalesced global memory stores. An exhaustive experimental evaluation shows that our solution is on average 2.6x faster than the best state-of-the-art implementation. Additionally, it shows that the scan algorithm is on average 1.62x faster if it utilizes our inter-block scan method instead of that of the best state-of-the-art VLE solution. Hence, our inter-block scan method offers promising possibilities to accelerate algorithms that require it, such as the scan itself or the stream compaction.
Image-Based Gating of Intravascular Ultrasound Sequences Using the Phase Information of Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform Coefficients

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is a widely used interventional imaging technique for the assessment of atherosclerosis plaque. Due to pulsatile heart motions, transverse and longitudinal motions are observed during in vivo pullbacks of IVUS sequences. These motion artifacts can mislead the volume-based data retrieved from IVUS studies and hinder the visualization of the vessel condition. To overcome this problem, a new fully automatic image-based gating algorithm was proposed in the current study. We utilized the phase information of the dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT) coefficients to detect the motion of edge-like structures. For each IVUS sequence, first, six motion signals were detected by analyzing the phase of DT-CWT coefficients in six different directions. Then, the three best motion signals were selected by analyzing the frequency properties of each signal. Subsequently, these extracted signals were filtered using a modified Butter worth band-pass filter and the gated sequence was formed by using a combination of them. The proposed method was compared to four state-of-the-art methods and its frequency spectrum had more accurate characteristics in the cardiac frequency. In addition, the gated sequence extracted by the proposed method had the highest similarity to the extracted gated sequence by the physician.
Acoustic monitoring and analyses of air gun, pile driving, vessel, and ambient sounds during the 2015 seismic surveys on the Sakhalin shelf

During the summer of 2015, four 4D seismic surveys were conducted on the northeastern Sakhalin shelf near the feeding grounds of the Korean-Okhotsk (western) gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) population. In addition to the seismic surveys, onshore pile driving activities and vessel operations occurred. Forty autonomous underwater acoustic recorders provided data in the 2 Hz to15 kHz frequency band. Recordings were analyzed to evaluate the characteristics of impulses propagating from the seismic sources. Acoustic metrics analyzed comprised peak sound pressure level (PK), mean square sound pressure level (SPL), sound exposure level (SEL), T100%, T90% (the time intervals that contain the full and 90% of the energy of the impulse), and kurtosis. The impulses analyzed differed significantly due to the variability and complexity of propagation in the shallow water of the northeast Sakhalin shelf. At larger ranges, a seismic precursor propagated in the seabed ahead of the acoustic impulse, and the impulses often interfered with each other, complicating analyses. Additional processing of recordings allowed evaluation and documentation of relevant metrics for pile driving, vessel sounds, and ambient background levels. The computed metrics were used to calibrate acoustic models, generating time resolved estimates of the acoustic levels from seismic surveys, pile driving, and vessel operations on a gray whale distribution grid and along observed gray whale tracks. This paper describes the development of the metrics and the calibrated acoustic models, both of which will be used in work quantifying gray whale behavioral and distribution responses to underwater sounds and to determine whether these observed responses have the potential to impact important parameters at the population level (e.g., reproductive success).
A 2.4 GHz ISM Band OOK Transceiver With High Energy Efficiency for Biomedical Implantable Applications

This article presents a high energy efficiency, high-integrated, and low-power on-off keying transceiver for a 2.4 GHz industrial scientific medical band. The proposed receiver includes an input matching network, a low-noise amplifier, a novel single-to-differential envelope detector, a level shifter, cascaded baseband amplifiers, and a hysteresis comparator. The proposed transmitter includes a bias-stimulating circuit, a current-reused self-mixing voltage controlled oscillator, and a quadruple-transconductance power amplifier. Numerous proposed techniques implemented in the mentioned circuits improve the energy per bit and power efficiency. Therefore, the proposed receiver for short-distanced propagation can achieve a sensitivity of -46 dBm with a carrier frequency of 2.45 GHz and a high data rate of 2 Mbps. The proposed transmitter achieves an output power of -17 dBm with a high data rate of 20 Mbps. This work is fabricated in a TSMC 0.18 mu m CMOS process and consumes 160 mu W and 0.6 mW in the receiver and transmitter, respectively, from a 1.2 V supply voltage. The energy per bit of 80 pJ/bit in the receiver part and the figure of merit of 9 in the transmitter part are better than those of existing state-of-the-art transceivers.
Low-density parity check codes for long-haul optical communication systems

Foward error correction (FEC) scheme based on low density parity check codes (LDPC) codes is presented in this paper. We show that LDPC codes provide a significant system performance enhancement with respect to the state-of-the-art FEC schemes employed in optical communication systems.
Transcriptome and proteome associated analysis of flavonoid metabolism in haploid Ginkgo biloba

Having different number if genome copies affect transcription and metabolite production of plants. This may be due to different gene transcription and protein expression, but the reasons for this remains poorly known. Here we measured flavonoid content in leaves of three haploid and diploid grafted plants of Ginkgo biloba, a model gymnosperm important economically for its flavonoid content. We reported the first combined transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of the difference in flavonoid content in three haploid ginkgos to investigate the effect of haploidy. Haploids had always smaller leaves and flavonoid content than the diploids. The selected haploid had also generally lower gene dosage than the selected diploid, with 1149 up-regulated (46.8 %) and 1309 down-regulated (53.2 %) among 2452 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Of 686 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) detected, 289 proteins (42.1 %) were upregulated, and 397 proteins (57.9 %) were downregulated in haploids. A particular attention deserves the downregulation of PAL, PAM, FLS, OMT1 hub genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis regulation. Our study confirms the trend of haploids to have lower metabolic contents and points that lower flavonoid content in ginkgo monoploids could be due to reduced dosage of the corresponding regulatory genes and downregulation of genes involved in flavonoid synthesis.
Clemastine in remyelination and protection of neurons and skeletal muscle after spinal cord injury

Spinal cord injuries affect nearly five to ten individuals per million every year. Spinal cord injury causes damage to the nerves, muscles, and the tissue surrounding the spinal cord. Depending on the severity, spinal injuries are linked to degeneration of axons and myelin, resulting in neuronal impairment and skeletal muscle weakness and atrophy. The protection of neurons and promotion of myelin regeneration during spinal cord injury is important for recovery of function following spinal cord injury. Current treatments have little to no effect on spinal cord injury and neurogenic muscle loss. Clemastine, an Food and Drug Administration-approved antihistamine drug, reduces inflammation, protects cells, promotes remyelination, and preserves myelin integrity. Recent clinical evidence suggests that clemastine can decrease the loss of axons after spinal cord injury, stimulating the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells into mature oligodendrocytes that are capable of myelination. While clemastine can aid not only in the remyelination and preservation of myelin sheath integrity, it also protects neurons. However, its role in neurogenic muscle loss remains unclear. This review discusses the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury, and the role of clemastine in the protection of neurons, myelin, and axons as well as attenuation of skeletal muscle loss following spinal cord injury.
The mouse allantois: new insights at the embryonic-extraembryonic interface

During the early development of Placentalia, a distinctive projection emerges at the posterior embryonic-extraembryonic interface of the conceptus; its fingerlike shape presages maturation into the placental umbilical cord, whose major role is to shuttle fetal blood to and from the chorion for exchange with the mother during pregnancy. Until recently, the biology of the cord's vital vascular anlage, called the body stalk/allantois in humans and simply the allantois in rodents, has been largely unknown. Here, new insights into the development of the mouse allantois are featured, from its origin and mechanism of arterial patterning through its union with the chorion. Key to generating the allantois and its critical functions are the primitive streak and visceral endoderm, which together are sufficient to create the entire fetal-placental connection. Their newly discovered roles at the embryonic-extraembryonic interface challenge conventional wisdom, including the physical limits of the primitive streak, its function as sole purveyor of mesoderm in the mouse, potency of visceral endoderm, and the putative role of the allantois in the germ line. With this working model of allantois development, understanding a plethora of hitherto poorly understood orphan diseases in humans is now within reach. This article is part of the theme issue 'Extraembryonic tissues: exploring concepts, definitions and functions across the animal kingdom'.
Pelvic Organ Segmentation Using Distinctive Curve Guided Fully Convolutional Networks

Accurate segmentation of pelvic organs (i.e., prostate, bladder, and rectum) from CT image is crucial for effective prostate cancer radiotherapy. However, it is a challenging task due to: 1) low soft tissue contrast in CT images and 2) large shape and appearance variations of pelvic organs. In this paper, we employ a two-stage deep learning-based method, with a novel distinctive curve-guided fully convolutional network (FCN), to solve the aforementioned challenges. Specifically, the first stage is for fast and robust organ detection in the raw CT images. It is designed as a coarse segmentation network to provide region proposals for three pelvic organs. The second stage is for fine segmentation of each organ, based on the region proposal results. To better identify those indistinguishable pelvic organ boundaries, a novel morphological representation, namely, distinctive curve, is also introduced to help better conduct the precise segmentation. To implement this, in this second stage, a multi-task FCN is initially utilized to learn the distinctive curve and the segmentation map separately and then combine these two tasks to produce accurate segmentation map. The final segmentation results of all three pelvic organs are generated by a weighted max-voting strategy. We have conducted exhaustive-experiments on a large and diverse pelvic CT data set for evaluating our proposed method. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method is accurate and robust for this challenging segmentation task, by also outperforming the state-of-the-art segmentation methods.
Multigene synergism increases the isoflavone and proanthocyanidin contents of Medicago truncatula

Isoflavones and proanthocyanidins (PAs), which are flavonoid derivatives, possess many health benefits and play important roles in forage-based livestock production. However, the foliage of Medicago species accumulates limited levels of both isoflavones and PAs. In this study, biosynthesis of isoflavone and PA in Medicago truncatula was enhanced via synergy between soya bean isoflavone synthase (IFS1); two upstream enzymes, chalcone synthase (CHS) and chalcone isomerase (CHI); and the endogenous flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H). Constitutive expression of GmIFS1 alone resulted in ectopic accumulation of the isoflavone daidzein and large increases in the levels of the isoflavones formononetin, genistein and biochanin A in the leaves. Furthermore, coexpression of GmIFS1 with GmCHS7 and GmCHI1A generally increased the available flux to flavonoid biosynthesis and resulted in elevated isoflavone, flavone and PA contents. In addition, down-regulation of MtF3H combined with coexpression of GmIFS1, GmCHS7 and GmCHI1A led to the highest isoflavone levels (up to 2 μmol/g fresh weight in total). Taken together, our results demonstrate that multigene synergism is a powerful means to enhance the biosynthesis of particular flavonoids and can be more broadly applied to the metabolic engineering of forage species.
Fatigue of drillstring: State of the art

Failure due to fatigue is a very costly problem in oil and gas industry. Many investigators have previously addressed this problem, but its frequency of occurrence is still excessive. Torque and tension can be correctly predicted but computations of fatigue duration are still approximate. Regarding the fatigue failure of drillstring, this paper summarizes the state of the art. Prediction and calculation of fatigue duration are stated, including both historic of the simplified approach based oil Miner's rule and a Jew elements of the fracture mechanics theory. Existing inspection methods, their limitations and father recommendations are provided. Moreover, the fatigue tests are performed when human life and environment may be at risk. The loading conditions, the test frequency, the number and the size of test specimens are given. Environmental effects such as corrosion are recalled. Prevention and inhibitors are mentioned. Last chapter focuses on enhancement of drillstring Drillpipes geometry improvement, connections re-design, steel properties such as toughness, tool-joints hardfacing and inspection of drillpipes are discussed.
Effects of drought stress and plant cultivar type on demographic characteristics of the rose-grain aphid, Metopolophium dirhodum (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Drought is a substantial threat to cereal production under global climatic change scenarios, albeit its aftermath on arthropod pests is yet contentious. To address this issue, demographic characteristics of Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker, 1849) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) were studied on one drought-susceptible wheat cultivar and one drought-tolerant wheat cultivar under different water treatments. Some physiological and biochemical features of wheat cultivars including leaf soluble sugar and proline contents and antioxidant enzymes activities were also investigated. Significant differences occurred in the developmental period, survival, and fecundity of M. dirhodum between wheat cultivars under various water treatments. The impact of intermediate and severe water stress on M. dirhodum was neutral and negative for the tolerant cultivar and negative for the water-susceptible cultivar, respectively. Under severe water stress, on both wheat cultivars, the aphids had low net reproductive rates and finite and intrinsic rates of increase in comparison with those reared on unstressed plants. In total, drought resulted in lower growth of population and reduced survival of aphids. Hence, in the context of projected climatic changes, acute water deficiency could probably result in reducing the abundance and menace of outburst of M. dirhodum. However, it should be noted that the potential likelihood of M. dirhodum eruptions can be drastically affected by the degree of drought intensity and host plant cultivar.
Resting state network dynamic reconfiguration and neuropsychological functioning in temporal lobe epilepsy: An HD-EEG investigation

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is nowadays considered a network disorder impacting several cognitive domains. In this work we investigated dynamic network reconfiguration differences in patients with unilateral TLE compared to a healthy control group, focusing on two connectivity indices: flexibility and integration. We apply these indices for the first time to high-density EEG source-based functional connectivity. We observed that patients with TLE exhibited significantly lower flexibility than healthy controls in the Control, Default Mode and Attentive Dorsal networks, expressed in the delta, theta and alpha bands. In addition, patients with TLE displayed greater integration values across the majority of the resting state networks, especially in the delta, theta and gamma bands. Relevantly, a higher integration index in the Control, Attentive Dorsal and Visual networks in the delta band was correlated with lower performance in visual attention and executive functions. Moreover, a greater integration index in the gamma band of the Control, Somatomotor and Temporoparietal networks was related to lower long-term memory performance. These results suggest that patients with TLE display dysregulated network reconfiguration, with lower flexibility in the brain areas related to cognitive control and attention, together with excessive inter-network communication (integration index). Finally, the correlation between network integration and the reduced cognitive performance suggests a potential mechanism underlying specific alterations in neuropsychological profile of patients with TLE.
Using recursive ART network to construction domain ontology based on term frequency and inverse document frequency

Ontology describes data about data and offers a group of glossaries with a definition that encompasses them in their entire. It not only transfers syntax of words but also accurately transfers semantic data between human users and the network. Hence, the usefulness of the semantic web depends on whether the domain ontology can be constructed effectively and correctly. In this paper we propose an automated method to construct the domain ontology. First, we collected domain-related web pages from the Internet. Secondly, we use the HTML tag labels to choose meaningful terms from the web pages. Next, we use these terms to construct the domain ontology by calculating a TF-IDF to find the weight of terms, using a recursive ART network (Adaptive Resonance Theory Network) to cluster terms. Each group of terms will find a candidate keyword for ontology construction. Boolean operations locate individual keywords in a hierarchy. Finally, the system outputs an ontology in a Jena package using an RDF format. The primary experiment indicates that our method is useful for domain ontology creation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.