ahmedabdelwahed/Medical_papers_title_and_abstract_NLP_dataset huggingface dataset:
Static and dynamic cultivated land use efficiency in China: A minimum distance to strong efficient frontier approach

Cultivated land use efficiency (CLUE) not only affects sustainable economic growth but is also closely related to the physical and mental health of citizens. In this paper, we employed the minimum distance to strong efficient frontier with undesirable outputs (MinDS-U) model and Malmquist productivity index based on the MinDS-U model (MinDS-U-M) to conduct static and dynamic multiperspective analyses of the CLUE in 30 provinces in China from 1997 to 2017 under carbon emission constraints. The study results showed that: (1) There were significant differences in the cultivated land use technical efficiency (CLUTE) between eastern, central, western, and northeastern China. Compared with central China, eastern, western, and northeastern China have higher CLUTE and are closer to the production frontier. (2) There are varying degrees of non-coordination between carbon emission reduction and economic growth during cultivated land use in eastern, central, western, and northeastern China, and the problem of non-environmentally friendly technology is particularly prominent in central China. (3) The inter-provincial cultivated land use total factor productivity (CLUTFP) growth mode was unsatisfactory, and only Shaanxi and Chongqing followed the dual-high growth model. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Analysis of mutations in leu tRNA gene in patients of heart diseases

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death all over the world. Beside general risk factors, there are some genetic factors which lead to cardiovascular diseases. Various nuclear DNA mutation and also mitochondrial DNA mutations have been related with cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, a total of 21 samples were collected from different families residing in district Dir. DNA was extracted from buccal epithelial cells using saliva. The mitochondrial tRNA leu (MT TL1) gene was amplified by PCR and 10 samples of different families were sequenced. The sequence was aligned with revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (rCRS) accession # NC-012920.1. It is concluded that cardiovascular diseases in our subjects are not due to mutation in the mitochondrial leucine tRNA gene. However, a large population of subjects with cardiovascular diseases needs to be studied and whole mitochondrial DNA is needed to be sequenced in the subjects with CVD. This will give an idea about the probable DNA marker which can be used to prevent loses due to these diseases at a very early stages.
Carbon sequestration potential of forest vegetation in China from 2003 to 2050: Predicting forest vegetation growth based on climate and the environment

Over the past two decades, the burning of fossil fuels in China has been excessive, causing carbon emissions to increase. Surface temperatures and the occurrence of natural disasters have also increased. Considering the important role of forests in reducing emissions, China conducted a series of studies on carbon storage by forest vegetation that involved well-developed estimation methods. However, there are still uncertainties in predicting future changes in forest vegetation acting as a carbon sink. This study used data collected from 7801 national forest inventory (NFI) forest plots in 2003, 2008 and 2013 as well as related forest ecosystem biomass data. The dynamic growth, biomass and carbon storage of arbor, economic and shrubbery forests were studied. This study made a breakthrough in predicting forest biomass and carbon storage based on growth-related changes in forest vegetation in China, improved the accuracy of predicting arbor forest carbon storage and filled a gap in research on the carbon storage/sink properties of economic, shrubbery and bamboo forests. In the results of this study, from 2003 to 2050, the carbon storage, density and carbon sink of forest vegetation in China increased rapidly. Mature forests in China played a major role in the increase in carbon storage, and the quality of young, half-mature and mature forests steadily improved. China's forest carbon storage was mainly concentrated in the southwestern and northeastern regions, between which the southwestern region had the highest carbon density. In addition, carbon storage and density increased faster in the southwestern region than in the northeastern region. The carbon storage and density of forest vegetation were greater in Tibet than in other areas. The carbon storage of forest vegetation in Tibet increased faster than that in other areas, and the carbon density of forest vegetation in Xinjiang increased faster than that in other areas. In addition, the carbon storage and carbon density of forest vegetation in Ningxia increased slower than those in other areas. From 2020 to 2050, China's forest vegetation will absorb 22.14% of CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion, which will play an important role in slowing increases in greenhouse gases in the next 30 years. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A novel composite silver nanoparticles loaded calcium oxide stemming from egg shell recycling: A potent photocatalytic and antibacterial activities

Industrial wastewater resulted from textile dyeing process is considered as a big environmental problem. Therefore, recycling of wastewater offers environmental and economic values specially if the materials used are resulted from recycling of other kinds of waste. From this point of view and for the first time this work deals with the study the wastewater recycling by calcium oxide resulted from eggshell recycling. Calcium oxide (CaO) nanocrystals were created by the thermal annealing of chicken egg shell at 1100 degrees C for 2 h s. Heat treatment at 200 degrees C in air for 2 h s of the resulted CaO with silver oxalate gave the novel composite, silver nanoparticles loaded calcium oxide (Ag-NPs @ CaO). By applying electronic spectra (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with the energy dispersion spectrum analysis (SEM-EDX) and transmittance electronic microscope (TEM), the materials were characterized. The energy band gap was calculated from the equation of Tauc for CaO and Ag-NPs@CaO and measured to be 2.1 and 2 eV, respectively. Indigo carmine (IC) as a model of photocatalytic decolorization was performed using both CaO and Ag@CaO nanoparticles under sunlight exposure. The impacts of various variables such as solution pH, dose quantity, temperature and irradiation time were studied. Both catalysts displayed an effective photocatalytic activity in IC decolorization but Ag@CaO composite displayed a stronger activity than CaO. The percentages of dye degradation were approximate to 99.21% and 99.45% in case of CaO and Ag@CaO, respectively. The antibacterial efficiency was measured against some Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Ag@CaO provided powerful weapons against the drug-resistant bacteria. These findings give a promising and economic strategy for all those who are interested in industries which involve dyeing process. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Connectivity-informed adaptive regularization for generalized outcomes

One of the challenging problems in neuroimaging is the principled incorporation of information from different imaging modalities. Data from each modality are frequently analyzed separately using, for instance, dimensionality reduction techniques, which result in a loss of mutual information. We propose a novel regularization method, generalized ridgified Partially Empirical Eigenvectors for Regression (griPEER), to estimate associations between the brain structure features and a scalar outcome within the generalized linear regression framework. griPEER improves the regression coefficient estimation by providing a principled approach to use external information from the structural brain connectivity. Specifically, we incorporate a penalty term, derived from the structural connectivity Laplacian matrix, in the penalized generalized linear regression. In this work, we address both theoretical and computational issues and demonstrate the robustness of our method despite incomplete information about the structural brain connectivity. In addition, we also provide a significance testing procedure for performing inference on the estimated coefficients. Finally, griPEER is evaluated both in extensive simulation studies and using clinical data to classify HIV+ and HIV- individuals.
Primary concentration - The critical step in implementing the wastewater based epidemiology for the COVID-19 pandemic: A mini-review

The recent outbreak of a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has posed a significant global public health threat and caused dramatic social and economic disruptions. A new research direction is attracting a significant amount of attention in the academic community of environmental sciences and engineering, in which rapid community-levelmonitoring could be achieved by applying the methodology of wastewater based epidemiology (WBE). Given the fact that the development of amass balance on the total number of viral RNA copies in wastewater samples and the infected stool specimens is the heart of WBE, the result of the quantitative RNA detection in wastewater has to be highly sensitive, accurate, and reliable. Thus, applying effective concentration methods before the subsequent RNA extraction and RT-qPCR detection is a must-have procedure for the WBE. This review provides new insights into the primary concentration methods that have been adopted by the eighteen recently reported COVID-19 wastewater detection studies, along with a brief discussion of the mechanisms of the most commonly used virus concentration methods, including the PEG-based separation, electrostatically charged membrane filtration, and ultrafiltration. In the end, two easy and well-proven concentration strategies are recommended as below, aiming to maximize the practical significance and operational effectiveness of the SARS-CoV-2 virus concentration from wastewater samples. Strategy1: Prefiltration-Salt addition-Electronegative membrane filtration (for initial volume = 50 mL). Strategy2: Prefiltration-PEG-based separation-Overnight standing (for initial volume from 50 to 1000 mL). (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Phenoconversion to Neurodegenerative Synucleinopathies in Idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

Several studies have suggested that atherosclerotic diseases and diabetes may be risk factors for α-synucleinopathies. This prospective cohort study evaluated whether cardiovascular diseases and metabolic risk factors alter the rate or type of phenoconversion from idiopathic/isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) to parkinsonism or dementia. Polysomnography-confirmed iRBD patients recruited between 2004 and 2020 were followed annually. Baseline history of cardiovascular disorders, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes were compared among patients who developed outcomes versus those who remained outcome-free. No atherosclerotic risk factors were associated with development of α-synucleinopathies. Patients with hypercholesterolemia were somewhat more likely to develop dementia with Lewy bodies rather than Parkinson's disease.
Techno-economic analysis of combining forward osmosis-reverse osmosis and anaerobic membrane bioreactor technologies for municipal wastewater treatment and water production

The economic feasibility of combining forward osmosis (FO), reverse osmosis (RO) and anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) technologies for municipal wastewater treatment with energy and water production was analysed. FO was used to pre-concentrate the AnMBR influent, RO for draw solution regeneration and water production, and AnMBR for wastewater treatment and energy production. The minimum wastewater treatment cost was estimated at 0.81 (sic) m(-3), achieved when limiting the FO recovery to 50% in a closed-loop scheme. However, the cost increased to 1.01 and 1.27 (sic) m(-3) for FO recoveries of 80% and 90%, respectively. The fresh water production cost was estimated at 0.80 and 1.16 (sic) m(-3) for an open-loop scheme maximising water production and a closed-loop scheme, respectively. The low FO membrane fluxes were identified as a limiting factor and a sensitivity analysis revealed that FO membrane fluxes of 10 LMH would significantly improve the competitiveness of FO-RO + AnMBR technology.
How agriculture, manufacture, and urbanization induced carbon emission? The case of Indonesia

The agriculture and manufacturing sectors are the backbones of the Indonesian economy; for this reason, research on the effects of these sectors on carbon emissions is an important subject. This work adds urbanization to enrich research on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that the EKC hypothesis was confirmed in Indonesia with a turning point of 2057.89 USD/capita. The research results show that all variables affect the escalation of greenhouse gas emissions in Indonesia. Furthermore, there is a bidirectional causality relationship between emissions with economic growth, emissions with agricultural sector, emissions with manufacturing sector, economic growth with agricultural sector, and economic growth with manufacturing. The unidirectional causality is found in emissions by urbanization and economic growth by urbanization. To reduce the impact of environmental damage caused by the activities of agriculture, manufacturing, and urbanization sectors, it is recommended that the government conduct water-efficient rice cultivation and increase the use of renewable energy.
Ecological, economical and technological perspectives based sustainability assessment in hybrid-cooling assisted machining of Ti-6Al-4 V alloy

Ti-6Al-4 V alloy is a well-acknowledged standard material for the application of modern aerospace, surgical equipment, and prosthetic body parts owing to its stable thermo-physical properties at elevated temperature. However, this structure stability imparts its low thermal conductivity that leads to buildup of heat at toolworkpiece interface during machining which subsequently has a damaging effect on the tool cutting edge. Several biodegradable cutting fluids have already been attempted controlling the heat generation, environmental footprints to improve the overall machinability. In this endeavor, the effectiveness of dry, liquid nitrogen (LN2) and hybrid cryogenic and minimum quantity lubrication (LN2 + MQL) conditions was evaluated in terms of important machinability indicators for instance surface roughness, cutting forces and temperature. The environmental parameters such as total cycle time, productivity, economic analysis, energy consumption and carbon emissions were also analyzed under these cooling conditions. Lastly, the sustainability assessment of process parameters was calculated with the help of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) coupled with the Technique for Order Preference Based on Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) techniques. Findings have exhibited superior cooling/lubrication effect under LN2 + MQL conditions lowering the machining as well as environmental indices. The improvement in cycle time and productivity of LN2 and LN2 + MQL was appeared to be 29.01% and 34.21% as compared with dry turning. The sustainability assessment results also revealed that the lower cutting parameters under LN2 + MQL produced best results to achieve the overall sustainability index. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Air Quality during COVID-19 in Four Megacities: Lessons and Challenges for Public Health

The study described in this manuscript analyzed the effects of quarantine and social distancing policies implemented due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on air pollution levels in four western megacities: Sao Paulo in Brazil; Paris in France; and Los Angeles and New York in the United States. The study investigated the levels of four air pollutants-Carbon monoxide (CO), Ozone (O-3), Fine Particulate (PM2.5) and Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)-during the month of March 2020, compared to 2015-2019, in the urban air of these metropolitan areas, controlling for meteorological variables. Results indicated reductions in the levels of PM2.5, CO and NO2, with reductions of the latter two showing statistical significance. In contrast, tropospheric ozone levels increased, except in Los Angeles. The beneficial health effects of cleaner air might also help prevent deaths caused by the epidemic of COVID-19 in megacities by diminishing pressure on hospitals and health equipment. Future actions for the re-starting of non-essential economic activities in these cities should take into consideration the overall importance of health for the individual, as well as for societies.
China's pilot emissions trading schemes and competitiveness: An empirical analysis of the provincial industrial sub-sectors

China's economic development has entered a "new normal" stage where economic growth has slowed down. In this context, China's local authorities and industry circles are particularly concerned about the impact of emissions trading scheme (ETS), China's first major market-based approach to control greenhouse gas emissions, on competitiveness. This paper contributes to the thin empirical studies on this issue from the perspective of China's provincial industrial sub-sectors. We divide the industry of each province into 37 sub-sectors and screen the actual industrial sub-sector coverage of China's pilot ETSs. Taking advantage of the rich information of sub-sector characteristics and the longitudinal structure of our dataset over 2005-2015, we use a combination of propensity score matching technique and difference-in-difference models to analyze the impact of China's pilot ETSs on gross industrial output value (GIOV) and employment. Empirical results indicate that China's pilot ETSs have exerted a negative impact on the GIOV, and production cut is still the major approach to achieve carbon emission reductions. We also find China's pilot ETSs have led to a significant decrease in employment of the covered industrial sub-sectors. Several robustness checks confirm our findings. Further, our discussions suggest that in the short term, China's pilot ETSs have not promoted the "decoupling" of carbon emissions and economic outputs in industrial sub-sectors. While achieving carbon emission reductions, the pilot ETSs have failed to avoid a negative impact on competitiveness. Lastly, we suggest that competent authorities should prudently tailor the quota allocation methods according to sectorial conditions and consider setting up compensation measures, and covered enterprises should incorporate low-carbon development concept and address the challenges proactively from the long run.
Effect of land-use change and optimization on the ecosystem service values of Jiangsu province, China

Rapid urbanization intensifies land-use transition by shrinking cropland and increasing the land development of land in China, which affects the ecosystem services value (ESV) and causes environmental degradation. To improve the quality of the ecological environment, China has launched a strategy for the construction of an ecological civilization and attempted to build an ecological compensation mechanism. In this study, combining linear optimization model with the conversion of land use and its effects at small regional extent (CLUE-S) model to optimize and quantitatively to simulate land-use change based on embedding to maximize the ESV for land use planning in 2025 in Jiangsu province, a Chinese province that has experienced the greatest land-use transition and ESV loss in China. The results showed that a total loss of 5.76 x 10(10) yuan.yr(-1) ESV from 2000 to 2015 was due to the conversion of a total of 17.76% of the land in Jiangsu. However, we predicted that the total area of land use will increase by 0.4% in 2025 compared to that in 2015, which will lead to an increase of the ESV by 3.79 x 10(10) yuan.yr(-1). Cropland and grassland will decrease the most, while woodland, water area and wetland will increase. Moreover, our spatial simulation showed that the regions around the Taihu Lake, the boundary between central and northern Jiangsu, and the inland region of northern Jiangsu will experience great ESV change caused by land-use transition in 2025. We also discussed land use and ecological protection policies. Our simulation results provide a potentially effective guide for implementing ecological compensation mechanisms among sub-regions in Jiangsu province.
Inflammation and the Link to Vascular Brain Health: Timing Is Brain

Inflammation and its myriad pathways are now recognized to play both causal and consequential roles in vascular brain health. From acting as a trigger for vascular brain injury, as evidenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, to steadily increasing the risk for chronic cerebrovascular disease, distinct inflammatory cascades play differential roles in varying states of cerebrovascular injury. New evidence is regularly emerging that characterizes the role of specific inflammatory pathways in these varying states including those at risk for stroke and chronic cerebrovascular injury as well as during the acute, subacute, and repair phases of stroke. Here, we aim to highlight recent basic science and clinical evidence for many distinct inflammatory cascades active in these varying states of cerebrovascular injury. The role of cerebrovascular infections, spotlighted by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic, and its association with increased stroke risk is also reviewed. Rather than converging on a shared mechanism, these emerging studies implicate varied and distinct inflammatory processes in vascular brain injury and repair. Recognition of the phasic nature of inflammatory cascades on varying states of cerebrovascular disease is likely essential to the development and implementation of an anti-inflammatory strategy in the prevention, treatment, and repair of vascular brain injury. Although advances in revascularization have taught us that time is brain, targeting inflammation for the treatment of cerebrovascular disease will undoubtedly show us that timing is brain.
Experimental evaluation on fiber distribution characteristics and mechanical properties of calcium carbonate whisker modified hybrid fibers reinforced cementitious composites

Calcium carbonate whisker (CW) is used to modify the steel-PVA hybrid fibers reinforced cementitious composites (SPFRCC). The addition of CW result in excellent mechanical properties and considerable economic benefit owing to its microscopic reinforcement effect and low cost. In this study, the flexural behavior, fiber distribution characteristics and compression response of CW modified steel-PVA hybrid fibers reinforced cementitious composites (CW-SPFRCC) are investigated by three-point bending test, image processing technique and uniaxial compression test, respectively. The results indicate that the addition of CW can effectively improve the flexural properties of SPFRCC because of the crack resistance and filling effect at microscale. The best fiber distribution characteristics are observed in CW10-S15P05 due to the presence of CW that modify the adhesion and flowability of cement matrix. The uniaxial compression strength, peak strain, elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of CW-SPFRCC are increased by 37.1%, 40.2%, 3.7% and 30.7%, respectively. Meanwhile, the uniaxial compression constitutive model is proposed to describe the compression stress-strain relationship of CW-SPFRCC based on the experimental results. Moreover, the microstructure analysis demonstrates that the modification mechanism of CW in SPFRCC is attributed to the interface improvement, CW pull-out, CW slippage, and CW rupture. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.