ahmedabdelwahed/Medical_papers_title_and_abstract_NLP_dataset huggingface dataset:
Bilateral Primary Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma of the Lacrimal Sac: A Case Report

Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the lacrimal sac is extremely rare, usually representing secondary involvement of systemic malignancy. We report a case of bilateral primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the lacrimal sac presenting with bilateral medial canthal swelling for one month which was preceded by a history of chronic bilateral epiphora and a recurrent history of dacryocystitis. The symptoms partially responded to systemic antibiotics for the past three years. Clinical examination revealed bilateral diffuse erythematous medial canthal swelling extending to the upper cheeks. CT of the orbits and paranasal sinuses demonstrated soft tissue masses involving bilateral lacrimal sacs and ducts. Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) with excision biopsy of both lacrimal sac was performed and histopathologically confirmed the diagnosis of extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma. She completed six cycles of chemotherapy. The symptoms subsided and radiologically showed a significant reduction of soft tissue mass at bilateral nasolacrimal sacs and ducts after completion of chemotherapy. Recurrent atypical presentation of dacryocystitis with suboptimal response to standard treatment should raise a suspicion of secondary cause. Histopathological examination is therefore crucial to avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment.
Rotation Invariant Localization of Duplicated Image Regions Based on Zernike Moments

This paper proposes a forensic technique to localize duplicated image regions based on Zernike moments of small image blocks. We exploit rotation invariance properties to reliably unveil duplicated regions after arbitrary rotations. We devise a novel block matching procedure based on locality sensitive hashing and reduce false positives by examining the moments' phase. A massive experimental test setup benchmarks our algorithm against state-of-the-art methods under various perspectives, examining both pixel-level localization and image-level detection performance. By taking signal characteristics into account and distinguishing between "textured" and "smooth" duplicated regions, we find that the proposed method outperforms prior art in particular when duplicated regions are smooth. Experiments indicate high robustness against JPEG compression, blurring, additive white Gaussian noise, and moderate scaling.
Interdisciplinary palimpsest: visual representations of coastal change combining digital craft and geomorphology

From rocks to clay, a shared interest in natural materials and their physical transformation provided the initial common ground for an interdisciplinary art-geoscience collaborative project that also opened up a novel and engaging public communication channel. Scientific data collected for a location-based geomorphology mapping project was collaboratively re-interpreted and re-presented as a craft installation by using digital technologies and hand-crafted processes. The project explored how creative practice can uncover and broaden narratives, layering interpretations whilst respecting and embracing the need for accurate visual representation of scientific data. As the practice-based element of a broader digital craft PhD research programme, the project effectively demonstrated an enlarged field of practice for digital craft. The collaboration resulted in a large-scale, porcelain panelled, wall-mounted installation for public exhibition and has led to subsequent significant unforeseen developments in the scope and outlook of research work undertaken by the collaborators. This paper reflects on the synergies between disciplines that were uncovered and how project challenges were met. We conclude that the project work acted as a 'boundary object' for the two collaborating parties, able to represent different values and fulfil different objectives for each party at the same time, while also moving forward practice for both.
Cutting our own keys: New possibilities of neurodivergent storying in research

A lot of people who do research are also neurodivergent (such as being autistic or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), but neurodivergent people do not always feel welcome in research spaces which are often shaped around neurotypical people. Some neurotypical researchers lack confidence in talking to neurodivergent people, and others feel like neurodivergent people might not be able to do good research about other people who are like them without being biased. We think it is important that all researchers are able to work well together, regardless of whether they are neurotypical, autistic, or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (or any other neurotype) - in truly 'neurodiverse' teams. In this article we talk about how to create better spaces for all researchers, where we feel valued for who we are and take each others' needs into account. We do this using some approaches from other areas of research and talking about how they relate to our personal experiences of being neurodivergent researchers with our own personal stories. This article adds to a growing work on how we can work with people who are different from us, in more respectful and kind ways.
Layered approach for improving the quality of free-viewpoint depth-image-based rendering images

In free-viewpoint rendering systems, one of the most challenging goals is the creation of virtual views based on available color texture (RGB) and depth data. Conventional depth-image-based rendering (DIBR) approaches have assumed that the virtual camera can only be displaced horizontally, thus leading to fairly simple disocclusion artifacts. However, in free-viewpoint DIBR, the virtual camera can be positioned in an arbitrary way and the respective disocclusion artifacts can exhibit complicated anisotropic appearances. Consequently, conventional approaches for compensating disocclusion holes usually fail in such arbitrary camera motion. We present a disocclusion compensation technique based on texture inpainting. We propose a layered representation of both the color and depth images in local foreground, background, and undefined segments (a trimap). This representation allows for employing an efficient alpha-matting approach for reconstructing the underlying opacity layer followed by a background compensation and layered rendering. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated with respect to the state-of-the-art through objective and subjective tests. The achieved results, especially for large camera displacements, outperform the state-of-the-art. Those results assess the effectiveness of the proposed method and highlight the need for new quality metrics able to address the impairments of this type of content. (C) 2019 SPIE and IS&T
Fault detection and fuzzy rule extraction in AC motors by a neuro-fuzzy ART-based system

This paper introduces a system for fault detection and classification in AC motors based on soft computing. The kernel of the system is a neuro-fuzzy system, FasArt (Fuzzy Adaptive System ART-based), that permits the detection of a fault if it is in progress and its classification, with very low detection and diagnosis times that allow decisions to be made, avoiding definitive damage or failure when possible. The system has been tested on an AC motor in which 15 nondestructive fault types were generated, achieving a high level of detection and classification. The knowledge stored in the neuro-fuzzy system has been extracted by a fuzzy rule set with an acceptable degree of interpretability and without incoherency amongst the extracted rules. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Romantic Unions and Mental Health: The Role of Relationship Churning

The stress process perspective suggests that romantic relationship transitions can be stressors that impair mental health. Research on romantic relationships and mental health has ignored one common stressor, on-again/off-again relationships, or churning. Using five waves of data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 3,176), we examine associations between relationship churning and mothers' mental health. We find that mothers experiencing relationship churning have worse mental health than mothers in stably together relationships, net of characteristics associated with selection into relationship instability; these associations persist over four years. Mothers experiencing relationship churning have similar mental health as their counterparts who experience union dissolution (with or without repartnering). Current relationship status and quality explain some of the differences between churning and stably together mothers. Findings emphasize attending to multiple types of family stressors-even stressors and instability in ongoing relationships-and the micro-level ecological factors that shape mental health.
Ensemble Modeling of the Baltic Sea Ecosystem to Provide Scenarios for Management

We present a multi-model ensemble study for the Baltic Sea, and investigate the combined impact of changing climate, external nutrient supply, and fisheries on the marine ecosystem. The applied regional climate system model contains state-of-the-art component models for the atmosphere, sea ice, ocean, land surface, terrestrial and marine biogeochemistry, and marine food-web. Time-dependent scenario simulations for the period 1960-2100 are performed and uncertainties of future projections are estimated. In addition, reconstructions since 1850 are carried out to evaluate the models sensitivity to external stressors on long time scales. Information from scenario simulations are used to support decision-makers and stakeholders and to raise awareness of climate change, environmental problems, and possible abatement strategies among the general public using geovisualization. It is concluded that the study results are relevant for the Baltic Sea Action Plan of the Helsinki Commission.
Real-Time Multi-Guidewire Endpoint Localization in Fluoroscopy Images

The real-time localization of the guidewire endpoints is a stepping stone to computer-assisted percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, methods for multi-guidewire endpoint localization in fluoroscopy images are still scarce. In this paper, we introduce a framework for real-time multi-guidewire endpoint localization in fluoroscopy images. The framework consists of two stages, first detecting all guidewire instances in the fluoroscopy image, and then locating the endpoints of each single guidewire instance. In the first stage, a YOLOv3 detector is used for guidewire detection, and a post-processing algorithm is proposed to refine the guidewire detection results. In the second stage, a Segmentation Attention-hourglass (SA-hourglass) network is proposed to predict the endpoint locations of each single guidewire instance. The SA-hourglass network can be generalized to the keypoint localization of other surgical instruments. In our experiments, the SA-hourglass network is applied not only on a guidewire dataset but also on a retinal microsurgery dataset, reaching the mean pixel error (MPE) of 2.20 pixels on the guidewire dataset and the MPE of 5.30 pixels on the retinal microsurgery dataset, both achieving the state-of-the-art localization results. Besides, the inference rate of our framework is at least 20FPS, which meets the real-time requirement of fluoroscopy images (6-12FPS).
Photochemical and microbial transformation of particulate organic matter depending on its source and size

Particulate organic matter (POM) in water systems can be converted into dissolved organic matter (DOM) through various pathways depending on its properties and transformation. Thus, information on the behavior of POM is crucial for fully understanding water systems and the carbon cycle. In this study, the effects of particle size and the source of POM, as well as photochemical and microbial changes in DOM characteristics subsequently released from POM were evaluated using various spectral indices, excitation-emission matrix combined with parallel factor analysis components, and principal component analysis. The amount of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) released from POM during suspension was significantly associated with the carbon content of POM (p < 0.05). The amount of DOC (mg-C/g-SS) decreased in mineral-bound POM as a result of microbial degradation but increased in biogenic POM as a result of microbial dissolution, owing to the structural differences in organic matter from different sources. Mineral-bound POM showed more DOC production by photochemical desorption than microbial degradation, whereas biogenic POM displayed the opposite trend. The DOM derived from fine POM had more humified terrestrial humic-like substances than those derived from coarse POM. Principal components 1 and 2 were associated with DOC production and degree of humification, respectively. The increase in the degree of aromaticity and humification of organic matter was higher in mineral-bound POM by photochemical desorption of highly humified organic matter and in the biogenic POM by microbial dissolution. In conclusion, this study was able to provide basic information on the transformation of POM, thus, it is expected to broaden the knowledge of the biogeochemical cycle of organic matter.
Second Hand Smoke Exposure among Children in Indian Homes: Findings from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey

Children are vulnerable to second hand smoke (SHS) exposure because of limited control over their indoor environment, especially at homes. This study determines the magnitude, patterns and determinants of SHS exposure in the home among children in India. Data collected under the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) data, a household survey of adults ≥15 years of age during 2016-2017 conducted in India were analyzed to estimate the proportion of children exposed to SHS in their homes. GATS estimates and national census population projections for 2020 were also used to estimate the number of children exposed to SHS in the homes. Nearly half (46.5%) of the children <15 years of age were exposed to SHS in their homes in India which extrapolates to nearly an estimated 170 million. Children living in rural households, north-east and central regions and households with an adult smoker were more likely to be exposed to SHS. SHS exposure among children in home is high in India which calls for adoption of voluntary smoke-free homes initiative and promoting cessation among smokers.
Plant-associate interactions and diversification across trophic levels

Interactions between species are widely understood to have promoted the diversification of life on Earth, but how interactions spur the formation of new species remains unclear. Interacting species often become locally adapted to each other, but they may also be subject to shared dispersal limitations and environmental conditions. Moreover, theory predicts that different kinds of interactions have different effects on diversification. To better understand how species interactions promote diversification, we compiled population genetic studies of host plants and intimately associated herbivores, parasites, and mutualists. We used Bayesian multiple regressions and the BEDASSLE modeling framework to test whether host and associate population structures were correlated over and above the potentially confounding effects of geography and shared environmental variation. We found that associates' population structure often paralleled their hosts' population structure, and that this effect is robust to accounting for geographic distance and climate. Associate genetic structure was significantly explained by plant genetic structure somewhat more often in antagonistic interactions than in mutualistic ones. This aligns with a key prediction of coevolutionary theory that antagonistic interactions promote diversity through local adaptation of antagonists to hosts, while mutualistic interactions more often promote diversity via the effect of hosts' geographic distribution on mutualists' dispersal.
Use and storage of pesticides at home in France (the Pesti'home survey 2014)

Some epidemiological studies have raised health concerns following the chronic exposure of pregnant women and children to pesticides in the domestic environment. In France very little is known about potential exposure to pesticides at home. An observational study called Pesti'home was carried out in continental France between July and November 2014. The residential use of pesticides was investigated and an inventory of pesticides and active ingredients used and stored at home was drawn up. Plant protection products, biocides, and human and animal external pest control products were listed during face-to-face interviews. A random sample of households including at least one adult (18-79 years old) was selected following a two-stage stratified random sampling method using the national census database. Within each household, an adult was appointed to answer survey questions. Data related to the interviewee's sociodemographic and housing characteristics, the reported use of pesticides at home, and a visual inventory of all stored pesticides were collected. Overall, 1507 households participated. The participation rate was between 36% and 57% according to the definition chosen. Over the previous 12 months, 75% of households declared that they had used at least one pesticide. Households who used and stored at least one product most frequently used an insecticide (84%). The active ingredients most frequently used by these households as insecticides were pyrethroids, namely tetramethrin and permethrin. The Pesti'home survey collected detailed data on the residential use of pesticides for risk assessment at national and European levels.
Active paradoxical and pulmonary emboli in a first trimester pregnancy

Capturing a paradoxical embolism in real-time has been a challenge in recent literature. We present the unique case of a 33-year-old, G3P2 female at 8 weeks gestation presenting with dyspnea. An active thrombus through an undiagnosed patent foramen ovale was found requiring emergent surgical intervention with a positive outcome. The presence of a deep vein thrombosis, inferior vena caval thrombus, patent foramen ovale, and pulmonary artery thrombi was contemporarily documented. To our knowledge, there is minimal literature with this presentation.
A Functional Regression Approach to Facial Landmark Tracking

Linear regression is a fundamental building block in many face detection and tracking algorithms, typically used to predict shape displacements from image features through a linear mapping. This paper presents a Functional Regression solution to the least squares problem, which we coin Continuous Regression, resulting in the first real-time incremental face tracker. Contrary to prior work in Functional Regression, in which B-splines or Fourier series were used, we propose to approximate the input space by its first-order Taylor expansion, yielding a closed-form solution for the continuous domain of displacements. We then extend the continuous least squares problem to correlated variables, and demonstrate the generalisation of our approach. We incorporate Continuous Regression into the cascaded regression framework, and show its computational benefits for both training and testing. We then present a fast approach for incremental learning within Cascaded Continuous Regression, coined iCCR, and show that its complexity allows real-time face tracking, being 20 times faster than the state of the art. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first incremental face tracker that is shown to operate in real-time. We show that iCCR achieves state-of-the-art performance on the 300-VW dataset, the most recent, large-scale benchmark for face tracking.
An Optimized Logarithmic Converter With Equal Distribution of Relative Errors

State-of-the-art piecewise logarithmic converters employ nonuniform segments to reduce the variance of relative errors, particularly for small inputs. However, it is difficult to have an optimized algorithm to accurately choose the nonuniform segments for a required approximation error. In this brief, we present a relative error equal distribution (REED) algorithm that performs the nonuniform piecewise linear interpolation of logarithm. It is able to precisely set the nonuniform piecewise points so that the relative error of each segment is within an upper bound, and finally produce a flat relative error distribution. It can be applied to any number of segments, even if the number is not the power of 2. Experimental results show that our REED algorithm achieves over 70% reduction of average relative errors for the benchmark graphics application, compared to both the state-of-the-art uniform and nonuniform methods. Synthesis results show that our hardware resources are comparable to that of the state-of-the-art nonuniform methods.
Molecular evidence for decreased synaptic efficacy in the postmortem olfactory bulb of individuals with schizophrenia

Multiple lines of evidence suggest altered synaptic plasticity/connectivity as a pathophysiologic mechanism for various symptom domains of schizophrenia. Olfactory dysfunction, an endophenotype of schizophrenia, reflects altered activity of the olfactory circuitry, which conveys signals from olfactory receptor neurons to the olfactory cortex via synaptic connections in the glomeruli of the olfactory bulb. The olfactory system begins with intranasal olfactory receptor neuron axons synapsing with mitral and tufted cells in the glomeruli of the olfactory bulb, which then convey signals directly to the olfactory cortex. We hypothesized that olfactory dysfunction in schizophrenia is associated with dysregulation of synaptic efficacy in the glomeruli of the olfactory bulb. To test this, we employed semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry to examine the olfactory bulbs of 13 postmortem samples from schizophrenia and their matched control pairs for glomerular expression of 5 pre- and postsynaptic proteins that are involved in the integrity and function of synapses. In the glomeruli of schizophrenia cases compared to their matched controls, we found significant decreases in three presynaptic proteins which play crucial roles in vesicular glutamate transport - synapsin IIa (-18.05%, p=0.019), synaptophysin (-24.08% p=0.0016) and SNAP-25 (-23.9%, p=0.046). Two postsynaptic proteins important for spine formation and glutamatergic signaling were also decreased-spinophilin (-17.40%, p=0.042) and PSD-95 (-34.06%, p=0.015). These findings provide molecular evidence for decreased efficacy of synapses within the olfactory bulb, which may represent a synaptic mechanism underlying olfactory dysfunction in schizophrenia.
The Application of Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment: A Review

Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases worldwide in present times, with its incidence on a tremendous rise. It is caused by uncontrolled cell growth. Cancer therapies have advanced substantially, but there is a need for improvement in specificity and fear of systemic toxicity. Early detection is critical in improving patients' prognosis and quality of life, and recent advancements in technology, especially in dealing with biomaterials, have aided in that surge. Nanotechnology possesses the key to solving many of the downsides of traditional pharmaceutical formulations. Indeed, significant progress has been made in using customized nanomaterials for cancer diagnosis and treatment with high specificity, sensitivity, and efficacy. Nanotechnology is the integration of nanoscience into medicine by the use of nanoparticles. The advent of nanoscience in cancer diagnosis and treatment will help clinicians better assess and manage patients and improve the healthcare system and services. This review article gives an account of the clinical applications of nanoscience in the modern management of cancer, the different modalities of nanotechnology used, and the limitations and possible side effects of this new tool.