ahmedabdelwahed/Medical_papers_title_and_abstract_NLP_dataset huggingface dataset:
Chips for Everyone: A Multifaceted Approach in Electrical Engineering Outreach

This paper reports on a multifaceted approach in electrical engineering outreach focused on the area of semiconductor technology. The activities developed can be used in combination for a very wide range of audiences in both age and stage of education, as has been demonstrated with great success. Moreover, the project has developed cross-disciplinary activities designed to engage nonscientific audiences and has used entirely nonscientific venues, such as art galleries. The suite of activities, given the umbrella title Chips for Everyone, includes: Chips for Everyone: drop-in activities for fairs, shows, shopping centers; Chips with Relish: interactive workshops for groups of school pupils; Chips with Flair: an arts-science collaboration in music, art, video, and engineering to present a new perspective on semiconductor technology. To achieve this diverse mix of outreach activities, the Chips for Everyone team represents a very broad spectrum of skills, its members being engineering academics, musicians, artists, education academics, public engagement specialists, and student teachers in technology. The development process is quite generic and could be applied in other science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) areas. The subject focus of the project is semiconductor technology, a technology that influences the daily lives of everyone and yet is largely invisible. The activities seek to engage, engender interest, and promote informed discussion about this technology and engineering in general. From modest beginnings as a filler during the setting up of another outreach program, Chips for Everyone has developed into a major program reaching over 25 000 young people and families in school workshops, shopping centers, and art exhibitions in Scotland and across the U. K. The development method for the activities is innovative and creative, using the complimentary skills of research academics and students in both electronic engineering and technology initial teacher education (ITE).
Cussac Cave (Dordogne, France): The role of the rock support in the parietal art distribution, technical choices, and intentional and unintentional marks on the cave walls

In this article, we present the relationships observed between the properties of the rock support in Cussac Cave and the choices made by the Paleolithic artists: the lithology of the limestone and the speleogenesis of the cave resulted in the creation of the vast rock surfaces on which the artists realized monumental engravings. The cartography of the formation processes in the cave and the petrographic analysis of samples collected from the ground show that following a superficial dissolution of the limestone, the rock became softer, thus facilitating engraving, even with a soft tool. The analyses (X-ray Diffraction, X-ray Fluorescence, Raman Spectrometry) indicate a relative concentration of goethite, responsible for the orangish patina visible on the wall surfaces. When engraved, the lighter material under this patina is exposed in the bottom of the incised lines, creating contrasting colors that contribute to the visibility of the depictions. Finally, the alteration of the limestone created a surface that also facilitated the realization of more tenuous marks, such as finger-tracings, as well as involuntary marks made by resting hands. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Study on the change of teachers' role in the teaching of new art curriculum

The new curriculum of fine arts is a newly emerging thing in the situation of education reform. There are many facets of traditional art education which should be improved, including the fact that the teacher's classroom teaching is dull, the teaching material is limited, the training mode is single, the "classroom" is understood by the teacher as the normative teaching content instead of a platform for communication, and the teacher can not find his role. In the new curriculum, teachers must change their ideas, so that in the classroom teaching students can take advantage of the teaching materials interestingly and efficiently. Both teachers and students are supposed to find their roles in the new curriculum.
Assessment of Mitochondrial Dysfunctions After Sirtuin Inhibition

Posttranslational modifications are important for protein functions and cellular signaling pathways. The acetylation of lysine residues is catalyzed by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and removed by histone deacetylases (HDACs), with the latter being grouped into four phylogenetic classes. The class III of the HDAC family, the sirtuins (SIRTs), contributes to gene expression, genomic stability, cell metabolism, and tumorigenesis. Thus, several specific SIRT inhibitors (SIRTi) have been developed to target cancer cell proliferation. Here we provide an overview of methods to study SIRT-dependent cell metabolism and mitochondrial functionality. The chapter describes metabolic flux analysis using Seahorse analyzers, methods for normalization of Seahorse data, flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy to determine the mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial content per cell and mitochondrial network structures, and Western blot analysis to measure mitochondrial proteins.
Analysis of works of art down to the nanometric scale

The material analysis of works of art aims to better understand the techniques of the ancient cultures and to preserve the cultural heritage for future generations. The analysis brings to light new and unique information for authentification, for conservation and more generally in the domain of history of artistic techniques. Until now, the methods were intensively developed and adapted to the specific, precious character of the works of art. Works of art are examined from the macro to the micro down to the nano scale thanks to TEM, atomic force microscopy, ion beam techniques, or synchrotron radiation spectrometries. Various examples will be developed in order to demonstrate the efficiency of the materials science methods for another entrance door to the cultural heritage artefacts. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Face recognition using color local binary pattern from mutually independent color channels

In this article, a high performance face recognition system based on local binary pattern (LBP) using the probability distribution functions (PDFs) of pixels in different mutually independent color channels which are robust to frontal homogenous illumination and planer rotation is proposed. The illumination of faces is enhanced by using the state-of-the-art technique which is using discrete wavelet transform and singular value decomposition. After equalization, face images are segmented by using local successive mean quantization transform followed by skin color-based face detection system. Kullback-Leibler distance between the concatenated PDFs of a given face obtained by LBP and the concatenated PDFs of each face in the database is used as a metric in the recognition process. Various decision fusion techniques have been used in order to improve the recognition rate. The proposed system has been tested on the FERET, HP, and Bosphorus face databases. The proposed system is compared with conventional and the state-of-the-art techniques. The recognition rates obtained using FVF approach for FERET database is 99.78% compared with 79.60 and 68.80% for conventional gray-scale LBP and principle component analysis-based face recognition techniques, respectively.
P/M aluminum matrix composites: an overview

This paper reviews the state of art concerning powder metallurgy (P/M) aluminum matrix composites. Among all the metal matrix composites (MMCs) aluminum could be the most widely used metal as matrix due to its low density coupled with high stiffness. There are different manufacturing methods which can be applied for this composite. From these, P/M could be remarked as a highly effective and economic method compared with other alternatives. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Enhancement, ethics and society: towards an empirical research agenda for the medical humanities and social sciences

For some time now, bioethicists have paid close attention to issues associated with 'enhancement'; specifically, the appropriate use and regulation of substances and artefacts understood by some to improve the functioning of human bodies beyond that associated with 'normal' function. Medical humanities scholars (aside from philosophers and lawyers) and social scientists have not been frequent participants in debates around enhancement, but could shine a bright light on the range of dilemmas and opportunities techniques of enhancement are purported to introduce. In this paper, we argue that empirical research into the notion and practice of enhancement is necessary and timely. Such work could fruitfully engage with-and further develop-existing conceptual repertoires within the medical humanities and social sciences in ways that would afford benefit to scholars in those disciplines. We maintain that empirical engagements could also provide important resources to bioethicists seeking to regulate new enhancements in ways that are sensitive to societal context and cultural difference. To this end, we outline an empirical agenda for the medical humanities and social sciences around enhancement, emphasising especially how science and technology studies could bring benefits to-and be benefitted by-research in this area. We also use the example of (pharmaceutical) cognitive enhancement to show how empirical studies of actual and likely enhancement practices can nuance resonant bioethical debates.
The solar noise barrier project: 2. The effect of street art on performance of a large scale luminescent solar concentrator prototype

Noise barriers have been used worldwide to reduce the impact of sound generated from traffic on nearby areas. A common feature to appear on these noise barriers are all manner of graffiti and street art. In this work we describe the relative performance of a large area luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) noise barrier before and after application of street art to one surface. Comparisons are made of performance of East/West facing panels during a sunny day. It is shown that the edge mounted solar cells that are further away from the artwork perform at about 80% of their original performance level, while cells mounted nearby show greater performance decreases, suggesting that the effect of street art is primarily a localized effect. Furthermore, we demonstrate that illumination by sunlight from the rear side of the panel, opposite to the artwork shows less of a performance drop. In summary, the overall performance of a large-scale prototype LSC device is affected by the application of street art due to blocking solar access to the surface, but the effect is mostly confined to areas in the immediate vicinity of the surface modification, and the remaining panel area continues to function at a reasonable level. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
A study on skeletonization of complex petroglyph shapes

In this paper, we present a study on skeletonization of real-world shape data. The data stem from the cultural heritage domain and represent contact tracings of prehistoric petroglyphs. Automated analysis can support the work of archeologists on the investigation and categorization of petroglyphs. One strategy to describe petroglyph shapes is skeleton-based. The skeletonization of petroglyphs is challenging since their shapes are complex, contain numerous holes and are often incomplete or disconnected. Thus they pose an interesting testbed for skeletonization. We present a large real-world dataset consisting of more than 1100 petroglyph shapes. We investigate their properties and requirements for the purpose of skeletonization, and evaluate the applicability of state-of-the-art skeletonization and skeleton pruning algorithms on this type of data. Experiments show that pre-processing of the shapes is crucial to obtain robust skeletons. We propose an adaptive pre-processing method for petroglyph shapes and improve several state-of-the-art skeletonization algorithms to make them suitable for the complex material. Evaluations on our dataset show that 79.8 % of all shapes can be improved by the proposed pre-processing techniques and are thus better suited for subsequent skeletonization. Furthermore we observe that a thinning of the shapes produces robust skeletons for 83.5 % of our shapes and outperforms more sophisticated skeletonization techniques.
VPP-ART: An Efficient Implementation of Fixed-Size-Candidate-Set Adaptive Random Testing Using Vantage Point Partitioning

Adaptive random testing (ART) is an enhancement of random testing (RT), and aims to improve the RT failure-detection effectiveness by distributing test cases more evenly in the input domain. Many ART algorithms have been proposed, with fixed-size-candidate-set ART (FSCS-ART) being one of the most effective and popular. FSCS-ART ensures high failure-detection effectiveness by selecting as the next test case the candidate farthest from previously executed test cases. Although FSCS-ART has good failure-detection effectiveness, it also faces some challenges, including heavy computational overheads. In this article, we propose an enhanced version of FSCS-ART, vantage point partitioning ART (VPP-ART). VPP-ART addresses the FSCS-ART computational overhead problem using VPP, while maintaining the failure-detection effectiveness. VPP-ART partitions the input domain space using a modified vantage point tree (VP-tree) and finds the approximate nearest executed test cases of a candidate test case in the partitioned subdomains-thereby significantly reducing the time overheads compared with the searches required for FSCS-ART. To enable the FSCS-ART dynamic insertion process, we modify the traditional VP-tree to support dynamic data. The simulation results show that VPP-ART has a much lower time overhead compared to FSCS-ART, but also delivers similar (or better) failure-detection effectiveness, especially in the higher dimensional input domains. According to statistical analyses, VPP-ART can improve on the FSCS-ART failure-detection effectiveness by approximately 50-58%. VPP-ART also compares favorably with the KD-tree-enhanced fixed-size-candidate-set ART (KDFC-ART) algorithms (a series of enhanced ART algorithms based on the KD-tree). Our experiments also show that VPP-ART is more cost-effective than FSCS-ART and KDFC-ART.
Constrained particle filtering for movement identification in forearm prosthesis

We formulate the problem of movement identification for the forearm prosthesis using a nonlinear state-space system and the hypothesis of muscle synergies. The synergy activation coefficients contain task-specific information and can be used to identify limb movements. In the proposed framework, the measurements are EMG data and the system state consists of muscle synergy activation coefficients, which are physiologically constrained to be nonnegative on average. Particle filters are the state-of-the-art techniques for optimal state estimation in nonlinear and non-Gaussian systems. However, the very numerical nature of the particle filters, which constitutes their strength, becomes their major weakness in handling constraints on the state. In this paper, we solve the movement identification problem by introducing a constrained particle filter termed as mean density truncation (MiND). We show that MiND minimally perturbs the unconstrained distribution of the state while simultaneously satisfying the desired constraints on the unknown state. We recorded EMG data from forearm muscles of 12 participants for identification of hand and wrist movements. The proposed particle filtering with MiND provided an accurate stream of synergy activation coefficients (p < 0.001) which were used for movement identification with error rates significantly lower (p < 0.05) than currently used heuristics and Linear Discriminate Analysis. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A Versatile Biomimic Nanotemplating Fluidic Assay for Multiplex Quantitative Monitoring of Viral Respiratory Infections and Immune Responses in Saliva and Blood

The last pandemic exposed critical gaps in monitoring and mitigating the spread of viral respiratory infections at the point-of-need. A cost-effective multiplexed fluidic device (NFluidEX), as a home-test kit analogous to a glucometer, that uses saliva and blood for parallel quantitative detection of viral infection and body's immune response in an automated manner within 11 min is proposed. The technology integrates a versatile biomimetic receptor based on molecularly imprinted polymers in a core-shell structure with nano gold electrodes, a multiplexed fluidic-impedimetric readout, built-in saliva collection/preparation, and smartphone-enabled data acquisition and interpretation. NFluidEX is validated with Influenza A H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2 (original strain and variants of concern), and achieves low detection limit in saliva and blood for the viral proteins and the anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin M (IgM), respectively. It is demonstrated that nanoprotrusions of gold electrodes are essential for the fine templating of antibodies and spike proteins during molecular imprinting, and differentiation of IgG and IgM in whole blood. In the clinical setting, NFluidEX achieves 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity by testing 44 COVID-positive and 25 COVID-negative saliva and blood samples on par with the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (p < 0.001, 95% confidence) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Survey of Interoperability in Electronic Health Records Management and Proposed Blockchain Based Framework: MyBlockEHR

Interoperability in Electronic Health Records (EHR) is significant for the seamless sharing of information amongst different healthcare stakeholders. Interoperability in EHR aims to devise agreements in its interpretation, access, and storage with security, privacy, and trust. A study and survey of the state-of-the-art literature, prototypes, and projects in standardization of the EHR structure, privacy-preservation, and EHR sharing are very essential. The presented work conducts a systematic literature review to address four research questions. 1) What are the different standards for common interpretation, representation, and modeling of EHR to achieve semantic interoperability? 2) What are the different privacy-preservation techniques and security standards for EHR data storage? 3) How mature is blockchain technology for building interoperable, privacy-preserving solutions for EHR storage and sharing? 4) What is the state-of-the-art for cross-chain interoperability for EHR sharing? An exhaustive study of these questions establishes the potential of a blockchain-based EHR management framework in privacy preservation, access control and efficient storage. The study also unveils challenges in the adoption of blockchain in EHR management with the state-of-the-art maturity of cross-chain interoperable solutions for sharing EHR amongst stakeholders on different blockchain platforms. The research gaps culminate in proposing a blockchain-based EHR framework called as MyBlockEHR with privacy preservation and access control design. The proposed framework employs partitioning of EHR to on-chain and off-chain storages for performance guarantees with the retrieval of valid off-chain data. The framework is deployed on the Ethereum test network with Solidity smart contracts. It is observed that different test cases on the partitioning of the EHR data, yielded better read-write throughput and effective gas price than fully on-chain storage.
Spectral Stochastic Simulation of a Ferromagnetic Cylinder Rotating at High Speed

This paper addresses what the influence of uncertainty on ferromagnetic material properties is on the torque yielded by ferromagnetic cylinders rotating at high speeds. To that end, two state-of-the-art high-order stochastic solution approaches, the stochastic collocation and the stochastic Galerkin method, are applied to a nonlinear convection-diffusion problem with random coefficients and their performance is compared.
Strategic Decisions to Enhance the Internationalization of the Performing Arts and Their Sustainability: The Case of Flamenco

Determining how to operate in foreign markets is challenging for the performing arts (PA) because the particular nature of their activities necessarily entails sustainable complexities. This study aims to extend understanding of the internationalization of PA to shed light on the strategic decisions adopted by cultural agents to achieve an economic and cultural objective-generating international income while ensuring the symbolic value of cultural products rooted in local values. A longitudinal empirical case of one leading enterprise in international flamenco production with a successful history in international markets is reported here, and in-depth insights into four strategic decisions that can boost the sustainable internationalization of PA are gained: why (motivations), what (product), where (market selection), and how (entry modes). The results have theoretical and practical implications for a cultural sector with few examples of internationalization that is seeking for international markets to become sustainable while being subject to public financing cuts, strong competition, and globalization. The important role of intermediaries in bridging the gaps between different actors of the PA value chain and in assuring sustainable cultural management of the internationalization process is also identified.
Scour of rock due to the impact of plunging high velocity jets Part I: A state-of-the-art review

This paper presents the state-of-the-art on methods to estimate rock scour due to the impingement of plunging high velocity water jets. The following topics are addressed: empirical formulae, semi-empirical and analytical approaches, determination of extreme pressure fluctuations at plunge pool bottoms and, finally, the transfer of these pressure fluctuations in joints underneath concrete slabs or rock blocks. Available methods on rock scour have been thoroughly investigated on their ability to represent the main physical-mechanical processes that govern scour. This reveals lack of knowledge on turbulence and aeration effects, as well as on transient pressure flow conditions in rock joints. These aspects may significantly influence the destruction of the rock mass and should be accounted for in scour evaluation methods. Their relevance has been experimentally investigated by dynamic pressure measurements at modeled plunge pool bottoms and inside underlying one-and two-dimensional rock joints. Test results are described and discussed in Part 11 of this paper.