ahmedabdelwahed/Medical_papers_title_and_abstract_NLP_dataset huggingface dataset:
A Review on Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression in India and Its Management

Postpartum depression is the term used for depression that predominates in the postpartum period, which is increasingly seen in research and clinical practice up to 1 year after delivery. Other symptoms commonly seen in women with postpartum depression include mood swings or lability and excessive worry about the baby. In addition, postpartum depression is often associated with anxiety disorders or significant anxiety symptoms. Women with a history of psychiatric illness are prone to postpartum depression. Postpartum depression is a crucial psychological health ailment that confers a vast degree of disability in females and is often associated with significant emotional, behavioral, and cognitive dangers in children. It is a disorder that is often unrecognized and undertreated. Postpartum depression is a critical issue to be addressed because it interferes with a woman's self-care and parenting. It also affects a child's mental growth and development. For these reasons, evaluation of risk factors is required to consider every facet of postpartum depression in women. This article reviews the associated risk factors and management of postpartum depression in India. Traditional studies for risk factors in postpartum depression have typically categorized women according to a particular stage of pregnancy that follows them into postpartum depression. Pregnancy-associated risk factors are estimated during pregnancy and are looked up for their predictive association with postpartum depression defined by clinical diagnostic methods or self-report assessment. Treatment options include psychotherapy and antidepressant medication. The risk of postpartum depression in fathers also follows maternal postpartum depression. Paternal depressive disorder is associated with adverse effects on child development. Early intervention for postpartum depression and anxiety may decrease the severity and recurrence of symptoms as well as the negative effects on the baby's health and development.
Safety of laronidase delivered into the spinal canal for treatment of cervical stenosis in mucopolysaccharidosis I

Enzyme replacement therapy with laronidase (recombinant human alpha-l-iduronidase) is successfully used to treat patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I). However, the intravenously-administered enzyme is not expected to treat or prevent neurological deterioration. As MPS I patients suffer from spinal cord compression due in part to thickened spinal meninges, we undertook a phase I clinical trial of lumbar intrathecal laronidase in MPS I subjects age 8 years and older with symptomatic (primarily cervical) spinal cord compression. The study faced significant challenges, including a heterogeneous patient population, difficulty recruiting subjects despite an international collaborative effort, and an inability to include a placebo-controlled design due to ethical concerns. Nine serious adverse events occurred in the subjects. All subjects reported improvement in symptomatology and showed improved neurological examinations, but objective outcome measures did not demonstrate change. Despite limitations, we demonstrated the safety of this approach to treating neurological disease due to MPS I.
Chemistry and Function of Glycosaminoglycans in the Nervous System

Proteoglycans, and especially their GAG components, participate in numerous biologically significant interactions with growth factors, chemokines, morphogens, guidance molecules, survival factors, and other extracellular and cell-surface components. These interactions are often critical to the basic developmental processes of cellular proliferation and differentiation, as well as to both the onset of disease sequelae and prevention of disease progression. In many tissues, proteoglycans and especially their glycosaminoglycan (GAG) components are mediators of these processes. The GAG family is characterized by covalently linked repeating disaccharides forming long unbranched polysaccharide chains. Thus far in higher eukaryotes, the family consists of chondroitin sulfate (CS), heparin/heparan sulfate (HS), dermatan sulfate (DS), keratan sulfate (KS) and hyaluronan (HA). All GAG chains (except HA) are characteristically modified by varying amounts of esterified sulfate. One or more GAG chains are usually found in nature bound to polypeptide backbones in the form of proteoglycans; HA is the exception. In the nervous system, GAG/proteoglycan-mediated interactions participate in proliferation and synaptogenesis, neural plasticity, and regeneration. This review focuses on the structure, chemistry and function of GAGs in nervous system development, disease, function and injury response.
Interaction and toxicity of ingested nanoparticles on the intestinal barrier

The gastrointestinal tract represents one of primary routes of entry for many nanomaterials. Their size in the nanometer range and their high surface area confer them very interesting properties as food additives. They are used as texturizing, opacifying or anticaking agents. Food packaging contains nanomaterials with antimicrobial properties. Humans are also orally exposed to nanoparticles (NPs) present in the air or drinking water. Ingested NPs can then reach the intestinal lumen and interact with the gastrointestinal fluids, microbiota, mucus layers and the epithelial barrier, allowing a potential translocation. The toxicological profile of ingested NPs is still unclear due to their variety in terms of composition and physicochemical properties as well as the limited number of investigations. Their unique properties related to their small size could however affect the intestinal ecosystem but also the physical and functional properties of the intestinal barrier. This review focuses on the fate of ingested organic and inorganic NPs in the intestinal lumen and their toxicity on the microbiota and epithelial cells.
Comparative pathogenicity of drug-resistant and drug-sensitive Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma congolense infections in Nigerian local dogs

Animal trypanosomosis is an important endemic and wasting disease in sub-Saharan Africa. Its control relies on chemotherapy, and resistance to trypanocides has been widely reported. The pathogenicity of drug-resistant canine trypanosomes is not clear with scanty information available. Thus, this study assessed the comparative pathogenicity of drug-resistant and drug-sensitive Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma congolense infections in dogs. Twenty Nigerian local dogs were used and were randomly assigned into five groups (A-E) of four dogs each. Group A served as the uninfected-control group, while groups B and C were infected with 106 drug-sensitive T. congolense and T. brucei. Groups D and E were infected with 106 multidrug-resistant T. congolense and T. brucei, respectively. The pre-patent period (PPP), clinical signs, level of parasitaemia (LOP), rectal temperature, body weight, packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin concentration (HbC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), total leucocyte count (TLC) and survivability were assessed. Groups D and E had longer (p < 0.05) mean PPP than groups B and C. Also, group E dogs had lower (p < 0.05) mean LOP, longer (p < 0.05) mean survivability, and higher (p < 0.05) mean body weight, PCV, HbC and RBC than group C dogs. The clinical signs were very severe in group C dogs, compared to group E dogs. However, these parameters did not differ statistically between groups B and D. Thus, multidrug-resistant T. brucei was of lower pathogenicity than drug-sensitive T. brucei, while multidrug-resistant and drug-sensitive T. congolense had comparable pathogenicity following infection in dogs.
A Novel Approach for Blind Estimation of Reverberation Time using Gamma Distribution Model

In this paper we proposed an unsupervised algorithm to estimate the reverberation time (RT) directly from the reverberant speech signal. For estimation process we use maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) which is a very well-known and state of the art method for estimation in the field of signal processing. All existing RT estimation methods are based on the decay rate distribution. The decay rate can be obtained either from the energy envelop decay curve analysis of noise source when it is switch off or from decay curve of impulse response of an enclosure. The analysis of a pre-existing method of reverberation time estimation is the foundation of the proposed method. In one of the state of the art method, the reverberation decay is modeled as a Laplacian distribution. In this paper, the proposed method models the reverberation decay as a Gamnia distribution along with the unification of an effective technique for spotting free decay in reverberant speech. Maximum likelihood estimation technique is then used to estimate the RT from the free decays. The method was motivated by our observation that-the RT of a reverberant signal when falls in specific range, then the decay rate of the signal follows Gamma distribution. Experiments are carried out on different reverberant speech signal to measure the accuracy of the suggested method. The experimental results reveal that the proposed method performs better and the accuracy is high in comparison to the state of the art method.
From Compliance to Transformation: Notes on the MSU Strategic Plan to Address RVSM

This response to Campbell et al. makes three points. First, the commitment to "know more" must examine the full ecology of relationship violence and sexual misconduct (RVSM); that knowledge is essential for creating multilevel prevention strategies. Second, a full realization of an intersectional perspective requires attention to a broader range of power-based harms, forging institutional links between RVSM prevention and work on diversity, equity, and inclusion. Third, while support for survivors is certainly vital, most people who experience harm do not report it, and so an ambitious approach to prevention is vital to building communities in which everyone can thrive.
Toward Improving the Performance of Epoch Extraction from Telephonic Speech

Epoch is an abrupt closure event within a glottal cycle at which significant excitation to the vocal-tract system happens during the production of voiced speech. The state-of-the-art zero frequency filtering technique is a simple and efficient method that shows robustness in extracting the epochs from clean speech. However, this method has shown poor performance for telephonic quality speech, due to the presence of spurious zero crossings in epoch evidence, which leads to a high false alarm rate. Recently,zero-phase zero frequency resonator(ZP-ZFR) an alternative tozero frequency filteris proposed for stable implementation of zero frequency filtering technique. In this study, higher-order ZP-ZFR is investigated to improve the performance of zero frequency filtering for epoch extraction from telephonic speech. The performance of the proposed ZP-ZFR method is quantitatively evaluated on telephonic speech simulated using six standard databases having simultaneous electroglottograph recordings as ground truth. Experimental results suggest that the performance of the proposed method is significantly better than the state-of-the-art methods in terms of identification rate and false alarm rate.
Vimentin as a potential target for diverse nervous system diseases

Vimentin is a major type III intermediate filament protein that plays important roles in several basic cellular functions including cell migration, proliferation, and division. Although vimentin is a cytoplasmic protein, it also exists in the extracellular matrix and at the cell surface. Previous studies have shown that vimentin may exert multiple physiological effects in different nervous system injuries and diseases. For example, the studies of vimentin in spinal cord injury and stroke mainly focus on the formation of reactive astrocytes. Reduced glial scar, increased axonal regeneration, and improved motor function have been noted after spinal cord injury in vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein knockout (GFAP-/-VIM-/-) mice. However, attenuated glial scar formation in post-stroke in GFAP-/- VIM-/- mice resulted in abnormal neuronal network restoration and worse neurological recovery. These opposite results have been attributed to the multiple roles of glial scar in different temporal and spatial conditions. In addition, extracellular vimentin may be a neurotrophic factor that promotes axonal extension by interaction with the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor. In the pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis, cell surface vimentin is a meningitis facilitator, acting as a receptor of multiple pathogenic bacteria, including E. coli K1, Listeria monocytogenes, and group B streptococcus. Compared with wild type mice, VIM-/- mice are less susceptible to bacterial infection and exhibit a reduced inflammatory response, suggesting that vimentin is necessary to induce the pathogenesis of meningitis. Recently published literature showed that vimentin serves as a double-edged sword in the nervous system, regulating axonal regrowth, myelination, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation. This review aims to provide an overview of vimentin in spinal cord injury, stroke, bacterial meningitis, gliomas, and peripheral nerve injury and to discuss the potential therapeutic methods involving vimentin manipulation in improving axonal regeneration, alleviating infection, inhibiting brain tumor progression, and enhancing nerve myelination.
Renal tubular response to titanium dioxide nanoparticles exposure

Titatinum dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are frequently used in several areas. Titanium alloys are employed in orthopedic and odontological surgery (such as hip, knee, and teeth implants). To evaluate the potential acute toxic effects of titanium pieces implantations and in other sources that allow the systemic delivery of titanium, parenteral routes of TiO2-NPs administration should be taken into account. The present study evaluated the impact of subcutaneous administration of TiO2-NPs on renal function and structure in rats. Animals were exposed to a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w., s.c. and sacrificed after 48 h. Titanium levels were detected in urine (135 ± 6 ηg/mL) and in renal tissue (502 ± 40 ηg/g) employing inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. An increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, total protein levels, and glucose concentrations was observed in urine from treated rats suggesting injury in proximal tubule cells. In parallel, histopathological studies showed tubular dilatation and cellular desquamation in these nephron segments. In summary, this study demonstrates that subcutaneous administration of TiO2-NPs causes acute nephrotoxicity evidenced by functional and histological alterations in proximal tubule cells. This fact deserves to be mainly considered when humans are exposed directly or indirectly to TiO2-NPs sources that cause the systemic delivery of titanium.
A case of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus likely caused by anti-neutrophil cytoplastic antibody-associated vasculitis

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a relatively rare form of autoimmune disease. Diabetes insipidus (DI) is characterized by diluted polyuria and thirstiness, and is clinically categorized into central and nephrogenic DI depending on damaged organs. In most previously reported cases, ANCA-related disorders have been implicated in central DI, which is attributed to impaired secretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP) from the posterior pituitary. However, no previous case of AAV-related nephrogenic DI has been reported in the English literature. Herein, we report a case of nephrogenic DI likely caused by AAV. A 76-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for acute kidney injury. He showed dehydration, polyuria, and polydipsia. Laboratory tests demonstrated elevated levels of serum urea and creatinine and a high myeloperoxidase ANCA titer. In the present case, both plasma AVP concentration and response of AVP secretion to 5% saline load test were normal. In addition, 1-desmino-8-arginine vasopressin administration could not increase urinary osmolarity. Kidney biopsy specimen revealed tubulointerstitial nephritis with findings that appeared to indicate peritubular capillaritis. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with nephrogenic DI likely owing to ANCA-associated tubulointerstitial nephritis. Immediately after prednisolone administration, urinary volume decreased, urinary osmolarity increased, and kidney function was improved. This case demonstrates that AAV that extensively affects the tubulointerstitial area can result in nephrogenic DI.
Measuring memory is harder than you think: How to avoid problematic measurement practices in memory research

We argue that critical areas of memory research rely on problematic measurement practices and provide concrete suggestions to improve the situation. In particular, we highlight the prevalence of memory studies that use tasks (like the "old/new" task: "have you seen this item before? yes/no") where quantifying performance is deeply dependent on counterfactual reasoning that depends on the (unknowable) distribution of underlying memory signals. As a result of this difficulty, different literatures in memory research (e.g., visual working memory, eyewitness identification, picture memory, etc.) have settled on a variety of fundamentally different metrics to get performance measures from such tasks (e.g., A', corrected hit rate, percent correct, d', diagnosticity ratios, K values, etc.), even though these metrics make different, contradictory assumptions about the distribution of latent memory signals, and even though all of their assumptions are frequently incorrect. We suggest that in order for the psychology and neuroscience of memory to become a more cumulative, theory-driven science, more attention must be given to measurement issues. We make a concrete suggestion: The default memory task for those simply interested in performance should change from old/new ("did you see this item'?") to two-alternative forced-choice ("which of these two items did you see?"). In situations where old/new variants are preferred (e.g., eyewitness identification; theoretical investigations of the nature of memory signals), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis should be performed rather than a binary old/new task.
Drug-Carrier Miscibility in Solid Dispersions of Glibenclamide and a Novel Approach to Enhance Its Solubility Using an Effervescent Agent

The present research aims to investigate the miscibility, physical stability, solubility, and dissolution rate of a poorly water-soluble glibenclamide (GLB) in solid dispersions (SDs) with hydrophilic carriers like PEG-1500 and PEG-50 hydrogenated palm glycerides (Acconon). Mathematical theories such as Hansen solubility parameters, Flory Huggins theory, Gibbs free energy, and the in silico molecular dynamics simulation study approaches were used to predict the drug-carrier miscibility. To increase the solubility further, the effervescence technique was introduced to the conventional solid dispersions to prepare effervescent solid dispersions (ESD). Solid dispersions (SDs) were prepared by microwave, solvent evaporation, lyophilization, and hot melt extrusion (HME) techniques and tested for different characterization parameters. The theoretical and in silico parameters suggested that GLB would show good miscibility with the selected carriers under certain conditions. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the drug and carrier(s) was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Solid-state characterizations like powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and microscopy confirm the amorphous nature of SDs. The addition of the effervescent agent improved the amorphous nature, due to which the solubility and drug release rate was increased. In vitro and ex vivo intestinal absorption studies showed improved flux and permeability than the pure drug, suggesting an enhanced drug delivery. The GLB solubility, dissolution, and stability were greatly enhanced by the SD and ESD technology.
Right Ventricular Limitation: A Tale of Two Elastances

Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is a commonly considered cause of low cardiac output in critically ill patients. Its management can be difficult and requires an understanding of how the RV limits cardiac output. We explain that RV stroke output is caught between the passive elastance of the RV walls during diastolic filling and the active elastance produced by the RV in systole. These two elastances limit RV filling and stroke volume and consequently limit left ventricular stroke volume. We emphasize the use of the term "RV limitation" and argue that limitation of RV filling is the primary pathophysiological process by which the RV causes hemodynamic instability. Importantly, RV limitation can be present even when RV function is normal. We use the term "RV dysfunction" to indicate that RV end-systolic elastance is depressed or diastolic elastance is increased. When RV dysfunction is present, RV limitation occurs at lowerpulmonary valve opening pressures and lower stroke volume, but stroke volume and cardiac output still can be maintained until RV filling is limited. We use the term "RV failure" to indicate the condition in which RV output is insufficient for tissue needs. We discuss the physiological underpinnings of these terms and implications for clinical management.
An unusually long intra-atrial course of the right coronary artery detected on CT angiography

We hereby present an unusually long intra-atrial course of the right coronary artery incidentally detected on computed tomography angiography. Although usually asymptomatic, an intra-atrial right coronary artery may be injured during iatrogenic procedures which require right heart catheterisation.
TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN MAMMOGRAPHY

The art, science, and technology of mammography have developed steadily over the past 35 y. Mammography is a central tool for diagnosis of symptoms of breast cancer. In addition, periodic screening of asymptomatic women in certain age groups has been clearly demonstrated to contribute to reduction of mortality from breast cancer. Technical improvements have allowed the examination to be carried out at substantially lower radiation dose than was necessary to obtain a good image in the 1970's, while at the same time providing greatly improved contrast, spatial resolution, dynamic range and tissue coverage. Digital mammography overcomes many of the technical limitations inherent in screen-film mammography and has been shown to offer increased accuracy for women under 50 and those with dense breasts. The radiation risk associated with mammography cannot be ignored, however, modern analysis suggests that it is very low, especially compared to the benefits from the exam. Nevertheless, imaging should be conducted with careful attention to efficient use of the radiation. New techniques, currently under development and evaluation, promise to add further to the value of mammography.