ahmedabdelwahed/Medical_papers_title_and_abstract_NLP_dataset huggingface dataset:
A Deep Learning Approach for the Design of Narrow Transition-Band FIR Filter

Deep neural network (DNN), being an important member of machine learning family, has been employed to serve a wide range of applications in the area of signal and image processing like pattern recognition, speech recognition, language processing, image segmentation, etc. To this aim, this paper concentrates on the design of a narrow transition-band finite impulse response (FIR) filter with the aid of back-propagation-based deep learning approach. The proposed deep learning-based approach offers a unified design framework for a variety of FIR filters. Convergence behaviour of the proposed algorithm has been proved analytically in situations when weights between adjacent layers are updated continuously. Simulation results have shown the frequency response characteristics of several FIR filters with narrow transition-band, designed with the help of proposed approach. Advantage of our design strategy has also been established in terms of magnitude response over a number of state-of-the-art techniques of recent interest. Simulation results have shown noticeable improvement in terms of transition bandwidth when compared with few existing works. Designed filter is subsequently implemented on Altera's Cyclone IV field programmable gate array (FPGA) chip, and hardware efficiency of the suggested design has strongly been established by correlating its hardware cost with many of the state-of-the-art FIR filters.
Breastfeeding duration is associated with higher adiposity at 6-8 months of age

Breastfeeding (BF) has been identified as a protective factor against childhood obesity. However, evidence of the association between BF duration and adiposity remains inconclusive. Few studies have been conducted among Southeast Asian infants that have measured body composition during infancy using the gold standard stable isotope method. This study aimed to evaluate the association between BF duration and body composition during infancy. Healthy full-term Thai infants aged 6-8 months (n = 60) receiving exclusive or predominant BF for at least 3 months were recruited. Skinfold thickness (SFT) was measured by well-trained investigators. Body composition was assessed by the deuterium dilution technique. Infants with longer BF duration (>6 months; mean 7.5 ± 0.5 months, n = 29) had a higher subscapular SFT z-score than those with shorter BF duration (≤6 months; mean 5.3± 0.9 months, n = 31) by 0.48 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01-0.94). After adjustment for age and sex, BF duration and age at introduction of complementary feeding (CF) were positively associated with fat mass and fat mass index at 6-8 months. One month increase in BF duration and CF age was associated with a 0.37 (95% CI: 0.05, 0.69) kg/m2 and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.18, 1.34) kg/m2 increase in the fat mass index, respectively. After adjusting for infant body mass index (BMI) during the earlier infancy period, the strength of the association was attenuated. This finding may reflect reverse causality where infants with lower BMI received formula or CF earlier. A longitudinal study with follow-up into childhood is warranted to confirm the effects of BF on adiposity in infancy and childhood.
Financing Sustainability in the Arts Sector: The Case of the Art Bonus Public Crowdfunding Campaign in Italy

This paper addresses the conditions that can facilitate the long-term effectiveness of civic crowdfunding fundraising strategies. While previous studies have provided a broad picture of the possible conditions for fostering effective fundraising strategies, most have considered the implications of fundraising only for management or only for cultural policy, neglecting an integrated approach that contemplates the needs of both. Thus, this work integrates cultural management and cultural policy perspectives by discussing a specific exploratory case study: Art Bonus, a cultural patronage tax incentive strategy introduced by the Italian government in 2014, which also includes civic crowdfunding features. To the best of our knowledge, Art Bonus is the first national civic crowdfunding platform supported by a national government. As an innovative and unique platform, its analysis is particularly relevant. This work analyzes the system's functioning and the results obtained in its first years of operation (2014-2016) by accessing the public database relating to the donations transited through the platform. While the initiative effectively channeled more fundraising resources into the cultural sector, the results also illustrate potential points for improving such a system.
Recognizing Focal Liver Lesions in CEUS With Dynamically Trained Latent Structured Models

This work investigates how to automatically classify Focal Liver Lesions (FLLs) into three specific benign or malignant types in Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound ( CEUS) videos, and aims at providing a computational framework to assist clinicians in FLL diagnosis. The main challenge for this task is that FLLs in CEUS videos often show diverse enhancement patterns at different temporal phases. To handle these diverse patterns, we propose a novel structured model, which detects a number of discriminative Regions of Interest ( ROIs) for the FLL and recognize the FLL based on these ROIs. Our model incorporates an ensemble of local classifiers in the attempt to identify different enhancement patterns of ROIs, and in particular, we make the model reconfigurable by introducing switch variables to adaptively select appropriate classifiers during inference. We formulate the model learning as a non-convex optimization problem, and present a principled optimization method to solve it in a dynamic manner: the latent structures ( e.g. the selections of local classifiers, and the sizes and locations of ROIs) are iteratively determined along with the parameter learning. Given the updated model parameters in each step, the data-driven inference is also proposed to efficiently determine the latent structures by using the sequential pruning and dynamic programming method. In the experiments, we demonstrate superior performances over the state-of-the-art approaches. We also release hundreds of CEUS FLLs videos used to quantitatively evaluate this work, which to the best of our knowledge forms the largest dataset in the literature. Please find more information at "http:/ vision.sysu.edu.cn/projects/fllrecog/".
Parvovirus Infection Leading to Severe Anemia in an Adult Patient With HIV Disease

Individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease frequently suffer from anemia. The causes include anemia of chronic disease, vitamin B12 and iron deficiency, opportunistic infections (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pneumocystis jiroveci), HIV-related bone marrow suppression, AIDS-associated malignancies, and antiretroviral therapy (ART), specifically zidovudine. In HIV patients with advanced immunodeficiency, failure to produce neutralizing antibodies can lead to chronic parvovirus B19 (B19) infection. Normally, in persons with intact immunity, the progression of B19 is self-limited. However, in chronic B19 infection, it can lead to pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) and chronic anemia. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, B19-related anemia is rare and underdiagnosed. It has a great response to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy. Hence, early diagnosis and prompt treatment can significantly reduce mortality. In this article, we described the case of a 25-year-old male with HIV infection who presented with a headache. He had severe normocytic anemia with a low reticulocyte count. The workup for blood loss, hemolysis, hemoglobinopathy, and iron deficiency was negative. Because of extremely low reticulocytopenia with severe anemia, the investigations favored multiple myeloma, parvovirus infection, and bone marrow aspiration biopsy. He was tested for parvovirus B19 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test due to insufficient seroconversion. It turned out to be positive and he was treated with IVIG therapy.
Art through the Colors of Graffiti: From the Perspective of the Chromatic Structure

Graffiti is a general term that describes inscriptions on a wall, a practice with ancient origins, ranging from simple drawings and writings to elaborate pictorial representations. Nowadays, the term graffiti commonly describes the street art dedicated to wall paintings, which raises complex questions, including sociological, legal, political and aesthetic issues. Here we examine the aesthetics of graffiti colors by quantitatively characterizing and comparing their chromatic structure to that of traditional paintings in museums and natural scenes obtained by hyperspectral imaging. Two hundred twenty-eight photos of graffiti were taken in the city of SAo Paulo, Brazil. The colors of graffiti were represented in a color space and characterized by several statistical parameters. We found that graffiti have chromatic structures similar to those of traditional paintings, namely their preferred colors, distribution, and balance. In particular, they have color gamuts with the same degree of elongation, revealing a tendency for combining similar colors in the same proportions. Like more traditional artists, the preferred colors are close to the yellow-blue axis of color space, suggesting that graffiti artists' color choices also mimic those of the natural world. Even so, graffiti tend to have larger color gamuts due to the availability of a new generation of synthetic pigments, resulting in a greater freedom in color choice. A complementary analysis of graffiti from other countries supports the global generalization of these findings. By sharing their color structures with those of paintings, graffiti contribute to bringing art to the cities.
Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR FT-IR) Spectroscopy Sensitivity to the Thermal Decay of Bone Collagen

The analysis of collagen stability is of interest in forensics, archaeology, and molecular paleontology. Collagen decay rates are often measured by thermal kinetic studies that employ liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to assay collagen quantities. However, these kinetic studies generally focus on measuring the decreasing levels of collagen instead of an exact molecular concentration of each sample. Thus, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy can offer a simpler and less expensive alternative to LC-MS. The application of a new protocol to determine decreasing amounts of bone collagen in artificially decayed porcine and bovine bone was assessed. The protocol uses a forensic application of ATR FT-IR spectroscopy on size-restricted bone powder from three uniformly high temperature conditions. Also, for the first time, collagen-specific second-harmonic generation (SHG) imaging was also applied to artificially aged bone to add an independent, qualitative perspective to parallel FT-IR assessments. SHG images and ATR FT-IR spectra together reveal the same orderly bone collagen decay as found in previous thermal kinetic studies. Resulting Arrhenius plots with r2 values > 0.95 suggest that the ATR FT-IR-based protocol has potential as a precise and simple tool for measuring bone collagen decay rates. The results are significant for applications of thermal kinetic studies, and our protocol can serve as an inexpensive, precise, and pragmatic means of evaluating bone collagen stability within an array of conditions.
Tendoscopic-Assisted Repair of Distal Peroneus Longus Rupture: A Novel Approach and 2 Case Reports

Level IV: Case Series.
Unsupervised Reconstruction of Sea Surface Currents from AIS Maritime Traffic Data Using Trainable Variational Models

The estimation of ocean dynamics is a key challenge for applications ranging from climate modeling to ship routing. State-of-the-art methods relying on satellite-derived altimetry data can hardly resolve spatial scales below similar to 100 km. In this work we investigate the relevance of AIS data streams as a new mean for the estimation of the surface current velocities. Using a physics-informed observation model, we propose to solve the associated the ill-posed inverse problem using a trainable variational formulation. The latter exploits variational auto-encoders coupled with neural ODE to represent sea surface dynamics. We report numerical experiments on a real AIS dataset off South Africa in a highly dynamical ocean region. They support the relevance of the proposed learning-based AIS-driven approach to significantly improve the reconstruction of sea surface currents compared with state-of-the-art methods, including altimetry-based ones.
Structure orderliness assessment of grid development to improve the reliability of coal mine external electrical power supply

State-of-the-art reliability assessment methods require a large amount of initial statistical data, which does not always have the necessary degree of accuracy for accurate assessment. Moreover, this data is often difficult to obtain, which can ultimately delay the execution of calculations and increase error within results. This paper explores an alternative assessment method using the "structural orderliness indicator" and minimal initial data to calculate the change in reliability indicators in connection with reinforcement decisions. This paper includes the cost of reconstruction associated with the introduction of a new unit cost indicator for increasing the structure orderliness index. As a real-world application, the following discussion proposes improvements to external electrical power supply reliability for coal-mining enterprises within the Russian Federation, such as in the Kemerovo region (the biggest coal-producing region of Russia). In recent years, the number of production process suspensions and emergency shutdowns of life support facilities has increased due to external power supply disruptions. The performed calculations made possible qualitatively comparison the proposed method and state-of-the-art method based on the determination of reliability indices (SAIDI, SAIFI, etc.).
Business for ocean sustainability: Early responses of ocean governance in the private sector

A large sample of 1664 companies-69 directly working in the ocean economy-distributed across 19 industrial sectors was investigated to explore awareness and activation regarding direct and indirect pressures on the ocean, their responses to these pressures, and the disclosure tools used. We examined their accountability and disclosure practices on sustainable development goals (SDGs) using the drivers, pressures, state, welfare, and response accounting framework. Based on their 2019 sustainability reports, just 7% of the companies assessed disclosed on SDG14. However, 51% of these companies can be considered as aware, albeit to varying degrees, of the pressures their industries place on the oceans, 44% deploy mitigating activities, and 26% are aware and actively lead business responses to ocean challenges. Although we have seen just early responses in addressing ocean challenges, companies' awareness and activation must converge to achieve ocean sustainability and move businesses into a truly blue economy.
Relation-Induced Multi-Modal Shared Representation Learning for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis

The fusion of multi-modal data (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET)) has been prevalent for accurate identification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by providing complementary structural and functional information. However, most of the existing methods simply concatenate multi-modal features in the original space and ignore their underlying associations which may provide more discriminative characteristics for AD identification. Meanwhile, how to overcome the overfitting issue caused by high-dimensional multi-modal data remains appealing. To this end, we propose a relation-induced multi-modal shared representation learning method for AD diagnosis. The proposed method integrates representation learning, dimension reduction, and classifier modeling into a unified framework. Specifically, the framework first obtains multi-modal shared representations by learning a bi-directional mapping between original space and shared space. Within this shared space, we utilize several relational regularizers (including feature-feature, feature-label, and sample-sample regularizers) and auxiliary regularizers to encourage learning underlying associations inherent in multi-modal data and alleviate overfitting, respectively. Next, we project the shared representations into the target space for AD diagnosis. To validate the effectiveness of our proposed approach, we conduct extensive experiments on two independent datasets (i.e., ADNI-1 and ADNI-2), and the experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms several state-of-the-art methods.
Epidemiology and risk factors for faecal extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) carriage derived from residents of seven nursing homes in western Shanghai, China

Nursing homes (NHs) have been implicated as significant reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant organisms causing severe infectious disease. We investigated the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of, and risk factors for, faecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E). A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted in seven NHs in Shanghai between March 2014 and May 2014. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and polymerase chain reaction were used to detect genes coding for ESBLs and carbapenemases. NH records at individual-resident level and facility level were examined for potential risk factors. Four hundred and fifty-seven Enterobacteriaceae isolates were collected of which 183 (46·92%) were colonized by ESBL-E. CTX-M enzymes (198/200, 99%) predominated, with CTX-M-14 (84/200, 42%) the most common types. Two carbapenemase producers harboured blaKPC-2. Resistance rates to carbapenems, TZP, AK, FOS, CL and TGC were low. History of invasive procedures [odds ratio (OR) 2·384, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·318-4·310, P = 0·004], narrow-spectrum cephalosporins (OR 1·635, 95% CI 1·045-2·558, P = 0·031) and broad-spectrum cephalosporins (OR 3·276, 95% CI 1·278-8·398, P = 0·014) were independently associated with ESBL-E carriage. In conclusion, NH residents have a very high prevalence of faecal carriage of ESBL-E. Continuous and active surveillance is important, as are prudent infection control measures and antibiotic use to prevent and control the spread of these antibiotic-resistant strains.
Stay on the road: from germ cell specification to gonadal colonization in mammals

The founder cells of the gametes are primordial germ cells (PGCs). In mammals, PGCs are specified early during embryonic development, at the boundary between embryonic and extraembryonic tissue, long before their later residences, the gonads, have developed. Despite the differences in form and behaviour when differentiated into oocytes or sperm cells, in the period between specification and gonadal colonization, male and female PGCs are morphologically indistinct and largely regulated by similar mechanisms. Here, we compare different modes and mechanisms that lead to the formation of PGCs, putting in context protocols that are in place to differentiate both human and mouse pluripotent stem cells into PGC-like cells. In addition, we review important aspects of the migration of PGCs to the gonadal ridges, where they undergo further sex-specific differentiation. Defects in migration need to be effectively corrected, as misplaced PGCs can become tumorigenic. Concluding, a combination of in vivo studies and the development of adequate innovative in vitro models, ensuring both robustness and standardization, are providing us with the tools for a greater understanding of the first steps of gametogenesis and to develop disease models to study the origin of germ cell tumours. This article is part of the theme issue 'Extraembryonic tissues: exploring concepts, definitions and functions across the animal kingdom'.
Point-of-care vertical flow immunoassay system for ultra-sensitive multiplex biothreat-agent detection in biological fluids

This paper presents simple, fast, and sensitive detection of multiple biothreat agents by paper-based vertical flow colorimetric sandwich immunoassay for detection of Yersinia pestis (LcrV and F1) and Francisella tularensis (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) antigens using a vertical flow immunoassay (VFI) prototype with portable syringe pump and a new membrane holder. The capture antibody (cAb) printing onto nitrocellulose membrane and gold-labelled detection antibody (dAb) were optimized to enhance the assay sensitivity and specificity. Even though the paper pore size was relaxed from previous 0.1 μm to the current 0.45 μm for serum samples, detection limits as low as 0.050 ng/mL for LcrV and F1, and 0.100 ng/mL for FtLPS have been achieved in buffer and similarly in diluted serum (with LcrV and F1 LODs remained the same and LPS LOD reduced to 0.250 ng/mL). These were 40, 80, and 50X (20X for LPS in serum) better than those from lateral flow configuration. Furthermore, the comparison of multiplex format demonstrated low cross-reactivity and equal sensitivity to that of the singleplex assay. The optimized VFI platform thus provides a portable and rapid on-site monitoring system for multiplex biothreat detection with the potential for high sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and multiplexing capability, supporting its utility in remote and resource-limited settings.
Antitumor Immunotherapy of Sialic Acid and/or GM1 Modified Coenzyme Q10 Submicron Emulsion

Immunotherapy is a novel therapeutic approach for controlling and killing tumor cells by stimulating or reconstituting the immune system, among which T cells serve as immune targets. Herein, we used coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), which has both immune activation and avoids adverse reactions, as a model drug and developed four CoQ10 submicron emulsions modified with sialic acid (SA) and/or monosialotetrahexosyl ganglioside (GM1). On the one hand, SA interacts with L-selectins on the surface of T cells after entering the circulatory system, leading to activation of T cells and enhancement of antitumor immune responses. On the other hand, owing to its immune camouflage, GM1 can prolong the circulation time of the preparation in the body, thereby increasing the accumulation of the drug at the tumor site. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that SA-modified preparations exhibited stronger immune activation and inhibition of tumor proliferation. Pharmacokinetic experiments showed that GM1-modified preparations have longer circulation times in vivo. However, SA and GM1 co-modification did not produce a synergistic effect on the preparation. In conclusion, the SA-modified CoQ10 submicron emulsion (Q10-SE) showed optimal antitumor efficacy when administered at a medium dose (6 mg CoQ10 kg-1). In this study, the submicron emulsion model was used as a carrier, and the tumor-bearing mice were used as animal models. In addition, CoQ10 submicron emulsion was modified with SA-CH with active targeting function and/or GM1 with long-circulation function to explore the antitumor effects of different doses of CoQ10 submicron emulsion, and to screen the best tumor immunotherapy formulations of CoQ10.