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Keene, New Hampshire<EOT>Hurd, Duane Hamilton. History of Cheshire and Sullivan counties, New Hampshire . Philadelphia: J. W. Lewis. 1886. <doc-sep> i hope people can help me carry a particular sector of the bitcoins tourch, and that is ……..MAKING THE PLURAL OF BITCOIS< BITCOINS!!!… and quit sayin "bitcoin" like itsa plural without the S…the S is super important and . potent SO stop saying "bitcoin" as a plural its very wrong…i dont even wanna say bitcoin as a singular because of it…. so obvio i have to have a FK or UL article to keep this tourch and quest alive and perpetuated!!! <doc-sep> A wonderful opportunity to see a dynamic example of modernist design -- via the genius of Frank Lloyd Wright -- is available through the Currier Museum for the Arts in Manchester, where people can tour Wright’s 1950 Zimmerman House . Enjoy the built-in and freestanding furniture, its textiles, and gardens. Dig this: Wright even designed the mailbox. Tours departs from the Currier from April through December, and private group tours are available by reservation. 603-669-6144. <doc-sep> From its columned main lodge overlooking a quiet Lake Champlain cove to its 77 trim clapboard and stone cottages, Basin Harbor—run by fourth-generation descendants of the original 1886 innkeepers—is the picture of gentility. That doesn't mean you can't let your juiced four-year-old run wild on the grounds, however. The resort's large outdoor pool, its fleet of small boats and mountain bikes, and its hayrides, golf and tennis clinics, and supervised kids' camps keep children happily on the go—and, one prays, compliant enough at day's end to sit through the formal dinners served in the inn's pretty water-view dining room. (If your kids can't quite rise to the sports coat—and—party dress routine, there are casual options—including weekly beachside lobster bakes.) Smallish rooms in the main inn are best suited for couples; families can choose from one- to three-bedroom cottages, many with private decks, screened porches, lake views, and working fireplaces. Vergennes, Vt.; 800/622-4000 or 802/475-2311, fax 802/475-6545; www.basinharbor.com; one-bedroom cottages from $230; kids under 10 free, 11-14, $75, over 15, $95; including breakfast. . You say Vermont, I say New Hampshire . . . the differences revealed: 1

Keene, New Hampshire

Keene is a city in Cheshire County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 23,409 at the 2010 census. It is the seat of Cheshire County. Keene is home to Keene State College and Antioch University New England and formerly hosted the state's annual Pumpkin Festival.

Keene is a city in Cheshire County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 23,409 at the 2010 census. It is the seat of Cheshire County. Keene is home to Keene State College and Antioch University New England and formerly hosted the state's annual Pumpkin Festival. == History == The community was granted as "Upper Ashuelot" in 1735 by Colonial Governor Jonathan Belcher to 63 settlers who paid five pounds each and whose properties were assigned by lot. Settled after 1736, it was intended to be a fort town protecting the Province of Massachusetts Bay during the French and Indian Wars. When the boundary between Massachusetts and New Hampshire was fixed in 1741, Upper Ashuelot became part of New Hampshire. In 1747, during King George's War, the village was attacked and burned by Natives. Colonists fled to safety, but would return to rebuild in 1749. It was regranted to its inhabitants in 1753 by Governor Benning Wentworth, who renamed it "Keene" after Sir Benjamin Keene, English minister to Spain and a West Indies trader. Located at the center of Cheshire County, it became county seat in 1769. Land was set off for the towns of Sullivan and Roxbury, although Keene would annex 154 acres (0.62 km²) from Swanzey (formerly Lower Ashuelot). Timothy Dwight, the Yale president who chronicled his travels, called the town "...one of the prettiest in New England." Situated on an ancient lake bed surrounded by hills, the valley with fertile meadows was excellent for farming. The Ashuelot River provided water power for sawmills, gristmills and tanneries. After the railroad arrived in 1848, numerous other industries were established. Keene became a manufacturing center for wooden-ware, pails, chairs, sashes, shutters, doors, pottery, glass, soap, woolen textiles, shoes, saddles, mowing machines, carriages and sleighs. It also had a brickyard and foundry. Keene was incorporated as a city in 1874, and by 1880 had a population of 6,784. New England manufacturing declined in the 20th century, however, particularly during the Great Depression. Keene is today a center for insurance, education and tourism. The city nevertheless retains a considerable inventory of fine Victorian architecture from its flush mill town era. An example is the Keene Public Library, which occupies a Second Empire mansion built about 1869 by manufacturer Henry Colony. Keene's manufacturing success was brought on in part by its importance as a railroad city, being the meeting place of the Cheshire Railroad, the Manchester & Keene Railroad, and the Ashuelot Railroad. By the early 1900s all had been absorbed by the Boston & Maine Railroad. Keene was home to a railroad shop complex and two railroad yards. The Manchester & Keene Branch was abandoned following the floods of 1936. Beginning in 1945, Keene was a stopping point for the Boston & Maine's streamlined trainset known at that time as the Cheshire. Keene became noteworthy again in 1962 when F. Nelson Blount chose the city for the site of his Steamtown, U.S.A. attraction. Unfortunately, the plan fell through, and after one operating season in Keene the museum was relocated to nearby Bellows Falls, Vermont. The Boston & Maine abandoned the Cheshire Branch in 1972, leaving the Ashuelot Branch as Keene's only rail connection to the outside world. In 1978 the B&M leased switching operations in Keene to the Green Mountain Railroad, which took over the entire Ashuelot Branch in 1982. Customer decline and track conditions forced the Green Mountain to end service on the Ashuelot Branch in 1983 and return operating rights to the B&M. However, there were no longer enough customers to warrant service on the line. In 1984 the last train arrived in and departed Keene, consisting of Boston & Maine EMD GP9 1714 with flat cars for rail removed from the railyard. Track conditions on the Ashuelot Branch were so poor at the time that the engine returned light to Brattleboro, and a hi-rail truck was used to remove the flatcars instead. In 1995 the freight house, one of the last remaining railroad buildings in town, burned due to arson. Today the railroad beds through town exist as the Cheshire Rail Trail and the Ashuelot Rail Trail. In 2011, the radical fathers' rights activist Thomas Ball immolated himself on the steps of a courthouse in Keene to protest the court system. == Geography == Keene is located at 42°56′01″N 72°16′41″W (42.9339, −72.2784). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 37.5 square miles (97.1 km²). 37.3 square miles (96.5 km²) of it is land and 0.3 square miles (0.7 km²) of it is water, comprising 0.67% of the town. Keene is drained by the Ashuelot River. The highest point in Keene is the summit of Grays Hill in the city's northwest corner, at 1,388 feet (423 m) above sea level. Keene is entirely within the Connecticut River watershed, with all of the city except for the northwest corner draining to the Connecticut via the Ashuelot. State highways converge on Keene from nine directions. New Hampshire Route 9 leads northeast to Concord, the state capital, and west to Brattleboro, Vermont. Route 10 leads north to Newport and southwest to Northfield, Massachusetts. Route 12 leads northwest to Walpole and Charlestown and southeast to Winchendon, Massachusetts. Route 101 leads east to Peterborough and Manchester, Route 32 leads south to Swanzey, New Hampshire, and to Athol, Massachusetts, and Route 12A leads north to Surry and Alstead. A limited-access bypass used variously by Routes 9, 10, 12, and 101 passes around the north, west, and south sides of downtown. Keene is served by Dillant–Hopkins Airport, located just south of the city in Swanzey. == Climate == Keene is located in a humid continental climate zone. It experiences all four seasons quite distinctly. The average high temperature in July is 82 °F (28 °C), and the record high for Keene is 102 °F (39 °C). As with other cities in the eastern U.S., periods of high humidity can raise heat indices to near 110 °F (43 °C). During the summer, Keene can get hit by thunderstorms from the west, but the Green Mountains to the west often break up some of the storms, so that Keene doesn't usually experience a thunderstorm at full strength. The last time a tornado hit Cheshire County was in 1997. The winters in Keene can be very harsh. The most recent such winter was 2002–2003, when Keene received 112.5 inches (2,860 mm) of snow. The majority of the snowfall in Keene comes from nor'easters, areas of low pressure that move up the Atlantic coast and strengthen. Many times these storms can produce blizzard conditions across southern New England. Recent examples are the blizzard of 2005 and the blizzard of 2006. Keene is situated in an area where cold air meets the moisture from the south, so often Keene gets the jackpot with winter storms. Aside from snow, winters can be very cold. Even in the warmest of winters, Keene usually has at least one night below 0 °F (−18 °C). During January 2004, Keene saw highs below freezing 25 of the days, including five days in the single digits and one day with a high of zero. Overnight lows dropped below zero 12 times, including 7 nights below −10 °F (−23 °C). The record low in Keene is −31 °F (−35 °C). In addition to the cold temperatures, Keene can receive biting winds that drive the wind chill down below −30 °F (−34 °C). Snow can occur right through the end of April, but on the other end, 80 °F (27 °C) days can begin in late March. Autumn weather is similar. Keene's first snowfall usually occurs in early November, though the city can also see 60 °F (16 °C) days into mid-November. Significant rain events can occur in the spring and fall. For example, record rainfall and flooding with the axis of heaviest rain (around 12 inches (300 mm)) near Keene occurred in October 2005. Another significant flood event occurred in May of the following year. == Climate chart == == Demographics == As of the census of 2010, there were 23,409 people, 9,052 households, and 4,843 families residing in the city. The population density was 627.6 people per square mile (242.3/km²). There were 9,719 housing units at an average density of 260.6 per square mile (100.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 95.3% White, 0.6% African American, 0.2% Native American, 2.0% Asian, 0.004% Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, 0.5% some other race, and 1.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.6% of the population. There were 9,052 households, out of which 23.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.1% were headed by married couples living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.5% were non-families. 31.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.6% consisted of someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26, and the average family size was 2.83. In the city, the population was spread out with 16.6% under the age of 18, 24.1% from 18 to 24, 20.6% from 25 to 44, 24.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34.0 years. For every 100 females there were 88.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.8 males. For the period 2010 through 2014, the estimated median income for a household in the city was $52,327, and the median income for a family was $75,057. Male full-time workers had a median income of $50,025 versus $39,818 for females. The per capita income for the city was $29,366. About 6.7% of families and 16.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.5% of those under age 18 and 11.5% of those age 65 or over. == Government == Keene's government consists of a mayor and a city council which has 15 members. Two represent each of the five city wards, and five serve at-large, representing the entire city. == Media == Several media sources are located in Keene. These include: == Print == The Keene Sentinel The Monadnock Shopper News The Equinox, student newspaper of Keene State College Parent Express FPP News == On-line == Valley Post, covering Keene; Brattleboro, Vermont; and the Pioneer Valley of Massachusetts == Radio == The city has several radio stations licensed by the FCC to Keene. The stations are: AM WZBK 1220 (Sports) WKBK 1290 (News/Talk), formerly WKNE. Simulcasted on W281AU, 104.1 FM. FM WEVN 90.7, operated by New Hampshire Public Radio WKNH 91.3, operated by Keene State College WKHP-LP 94.9, a low power FM operated by the Keene FourSquare church WSNI 97.7 (Adult Contemporary, Sunny 97). WSNI changed its city of license from Swanzey to Keene in September 2009. W256BJ 99.1, (Classic Hits, "Classic Hits 99.1", //WKNE-HD2) W276CB 103.1, (Oldies, "Oldies 103.1", //WKNE-HD3) WKNE 103.7 (Hot Adult Contemporary, 1037 KNE FM) Syndicated programming Free Talk Live, nationally syndicated radio talk show based in Keene == Television == Cheshire TV, local cable programming WEKW-TV (Digital 48/Virtual 52), New Hampshire Public Television affiliate (PBS) When Elderly Attack (season 8) Keene is part of the Boston television market. Time Warner Cable is the major supplier of cable television programming for Keene. Local stations offered on Time Warner include most major Boston-area and New Hampshire stations (including WEKW), as well as WVTA, the Vermont PBS outlet in Windsor, Vermont. == Weather information == Keene Weather == Education == Keene is often considered a minor college town, as it is the site of Keene State College, whose 5,400 students make up over ¼ of the city's population, and Antioch University New England. At the secondary level, Keene serves as the educational nexus of the area, due in large part to its status as the largest community of Cheshire County. Keene High School is the largest regional High School in Cheshire County, serving about 1,850 students. Keene has one middle school, Keene Middle School, and four elementary schools, as of 2014: Fuller Elementary School, Franklin Elementary School, Symonds Elementary School, Wheelock Elementary School. Jonathan Daniels was downsized to only pre-school and administration offices. Keene is part of New Hampshire's School Administrative Unit 29, or SAU 29. == Culture == == Religion == Keene has over 20 churches and one synagogue. A significant landmark in downtown Keene is the United Church of Christ at Central Square, colloquially known in town as the "White Church" or the "Church at the Head of the Square". A second church on the square was Grace United Methodist Church, also known as the "Brick Church", but is now in private hands, having no affiliation with Grace United Methodist. Keene is the seat of the Roman Catholic Parish of the Holy Spirit, whose pastor is the Dean of the Monadnock Deanery, a division under the see of the Diocese of Manchester. The parish has two churches in the City of Keene, Saint Bernard and Saint Margaret Mary. Keene has one Episcopal church, Saint James, which is within the Episcopal Diocese of New Hampshire. Keene also has one Greek Orthodox church, Saint George, which is under the see of the Metropolis of Boston. The town's synagogue is the Congregation Ahavas Achim. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints building is home to the Keene Ward and is part of the Nashua, New Hampshire Stake. == Festivals == == Pumpkin Festival == Every October from 1991 to 2014, Keene hosted an annual Pumpkin Festival. The event set world records for the largest simultaneous number of jack-o'-lanterns on display several times. The first time was in 1993, when Keene set the record with less than 5,000 carved and lit pumpkins. The tally from the 2003 festival stood as the record until Boston took the lead in 2006, but Keene reclaimed the world record in 2013, with a total of 30,581 pumpkins, according to Guinness. Besides the pumpkins stacked on massive towers set in the streets (see photo at right), thousands of additional pumpkins would line the streets of the city. Face painting, fireworks, music, and other entertainments were also provided. Over 60,000 people from around the world attended the event annually. During the 2014 festival, college students, the majority not enrolled at Keene State, caused riots in nearby neighborhoods, resulting in the city council declining to grant the festival's sponsors a license to hold the event in 2015. Several communities came forward from there, and Laconia became the new host of the annual festival. == Keene Music Festival == In late August or early September the city hosts the Keene Music Festival. Several stages are located throughout the downtown area during the day's events, which are free to the public and sponsored by locally owned businesses. Visitors, mostly from the local community, roam the city's sidewalks listening to the dozens of bands. == Keene in popular culture == The 1949 movie Lost Boundaries, starring Mel Ferrer, tells the true story of a black Keene physician who passed as white for many years. The film won the 1949 Cannes Film Festival award for best screenplay. Much of the 1995 movie Jumanji, starring Robin Williams, was filmed in Keene (in November 1994) – the movie's fictional town of Brantford. Frank's Barber Shop is a featured setting, as well as the Parrish Shoe sign, which was painted for the film. That artwork was subsequently scarred by graffiti, but soon after was professionally restored to its original condition. Later the sign served as a focal point for the sidewalk location of a temporary Robin Williams memorial in the days following the actor's death on August 11, 2014. == Music and theatre == In 1979, First Lady Rosalynn Carter dedicated the bandstand in Central Square as the E. E. Bagley Bandstand, after the noted composer of the National Emblem March who made Keene his home until his death in 1922. Many community groups perform on a regular basis, including the Keene Chamber Orchestra, the Keene Chamber Singers, the Keene Chorale, the Greater Keene Pops Choir, and the Keene Jazz Orchestra. The Cheshiremen Chorus, a local chapter of the Barbershop Harmony Society, meet every Tuesday at 7 pm at the United Church of Christ on Central Square. The Monadnock Pathway Singers are an all-volunteer hospice group based in Keene whose members come from many different towns within Cheshire County. They sing in nursing homes, hospitals, assisted-living centers and in private homes throughout Cheshire County. Every year, the Keene branch of the Lions Clubs International performs a Broadway musical at the Colonial Theatre (a restored theatre dating back to 1924), to raise money for the community. Other theatres and auditoriums include the new Keene High School Auditorium and the county's largest auditorium, the Larracey Auditorium at Keene Middle School, and The Putnam Arts Lecture Hall on the campus of Keene State. Keene Cinemas is the local movie theater located off of Key Road. == Sports == Keene is home to the Keene Swamp Bats baseball team of the New England Collegiate Baseball League (NECBL). The Swamp Bats play at Alumni Field in Keene during June and July of each summer. The Swamp Bats are four-time league champions (2000, 2003, 2011, and 2013). They are consistently at the top of the NECBL in attendance, having led the league in 2002, 2004, and 2005. The Elm City Derby Damez roller derby league, members of USA Roller Sports (USARS), call Keene home while playing their officially sanctioned bouts in nearby Brattleboro, Vermont. They compete against many other women's flat track leagues around the northeastern United States. The Monadnock Wolfpack Rugby Football Club now calls Keene its home. They play in NERFU (New England Rugby Football Union) division IV at Carpenter Field, on Carpenter Street. They went undefeated in the regular season in 2015 and 2016. The Wolfpack will play in division III in the fall 2017. == Images == == Free Keene == The city has become home to an active voluntaryist protest group known as Free Keene, which is associated with the Free State Project. Some Free Keene activists have been arrested for video recording in court rooms as an act of civil disobedience, in violation of the state's wiretapping law. In 2009, Keene's Central Square Park had become the center of daily 4:20 pm smoke-ins which advocated the legalization of marijuana. One widely publicized case happened in 2010 when Andrew Carroll, who moved to Keene through the Free State Project, stood in Railroad Square, made a short speech, and held out a bud of marijuana cupped in the palm of his hand. He was arrested and convicted by a judge but refused to pay the $420 fine, defending his action as an instance of civil disobedience. Joined by decriminalization supporters, he walked 13 miles to the jail to turn himself in and spent 9 days there. Free Keene has encountered opposition from other Keene residents. In February 2011 the movement was the subject of a report on WMUR-TV which focused on the high number of Free Keene arrests due to civil disobedience and their effect on Keene's image and economy. In the piece, one government official complained about the cost of restraining and jailing the civil protestors, while another worried about the effect the activists might have on the community's image. While some of the activists' techniques can be relatively confrontational—the WMUR report mentions a tongue-in-cheek drinking party at a government building to protest open-container laws—others are significantly less so. For example, a common act by some Free Keene activists involves paying money into expired parking meters, in order to help other citizens avoid parking tickets, which has created conflict between the meter pluggers and the parking enforcement officers. The Free Keene members would video their encounters with the parking enforcement officers and suggest the PEO's should refrain from writing tickets and get a different job. The close encounters with the "Robin Hooders" resulted in one PEO resigning his position and a lawsuit filed by the City of Keene citing harassment of their employees. In December 2013, the judge overseeing the case dismissed the city's arguments against the "Robin Hooders" on first amendment grounds, citing the public sidewalks' role as a traditional public forum. In November 2014, the group was lampooned in an episode of The Colbert Report. The segment focused mainly on the poor treatment by "Robin Hooders" of the parking enforcement officers. == International outreach == Einbeck, in Germany, is a partner city. == Sites of interest == Historical Society of Cheshire County Horatio Colony House Museum & Nature Preserve Wyman Tavern == Notable people == Edwin Eugene Bagley (1857–1922), composer John Bosa (b. 1964), defensive lineman with the Miami Dolphins Francis B. Brewer (1820–1892), U.S. congressman from New York Jimmy Cochran (b. 1981), Olympic alpine skier Richard B. Cohen (b. 1952), American billionaire, sole owner of C&S Wholesale Grocers Jonathan Daniels (1939–1965), activist murdered during the Civil Rights Movement Clarence DeMar (1888–1958), seven-time Boston Marathon champion John Dickson (1783–1852), U.S. congressman from New York Samuel Dinsmoor, fourteenth Governor of New Hampshire Michael Dubruiel (1958–2009), Catholic author Barry Faulkner (1881–1966), muralist Tessa Gobbo (b. 1990), two-time world champion rower, Olympic gold medalist in the women's eight Salma Hale (1787–1866), U.S. congressman from New Hampshire Samuel W. Hale, member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives and the 39th Governor of New Hampshire Ernest Hebert (b. 1941), author JoJo (b. 1990), singer David G. Perkins (b. 1958), U.S. Army general Terry Pindell, travel writer Robert Rodat, film and television writer Jon Udell, technology writer Heather Wilson (b. 1960), former U.S. congresswoman from New Mexico Isaac Wyman (1724–1792), Revolutionary era soldier and judge1

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New Zealand Mint<EOT>1

New Zealand Mint

New Zealand Mint (Māori: Te Kamupene Whakanao o Aotearoa) is a privately owned company in Auckland, New Zealand. It is the only privately owned mint in New Zealand, purchasing refined gold from international sources to produce coins. The company trades in precious metals including gold bullion, and is a physical storage provider. Using the tag-line "Minters of the South Pacific", the mint produces collector and bullion coins for a number of pacific nations, including Fiji, the Cook Islands, Niue and Tuvalu During the late-2000s recession, New Zealand Mint saw a substantial upturn of business, doing a month's worth of transactions each day when the large U.S. investment banks such as Bear Stearns failed. The mint does not produce bank notes or coins of the New Zealand dollar - those coins are minted primarily at the Royal Mint and Royal Canadian Mint for the Reserve Bank of New Zealand.1

New Zealand Mint (Māori: Te Kamupene Whakanao o Aotearoa) is a privately owned company in Auckland, New Zealand. It is the only privately owned mint in New Zealand, purchasing refined gold from international sources to produce coins. The company trades in precious metals including gold bullion, and is a physical storage provider. Using the tag-line "Minters of the South Pacific", the mint produces collector and bullion coins for a number of pacific nations, including Fiji, the Cook Islands, Niue and Tuvalu During the late-2000s recession, New Zealand Mint saw a substantial upturn of business, doing a month's worth of transactions each day when the large U.S. investment banks such as Bear Stearns failed. The mint does not produce bank notes or coins of the New Zealand dollar - those coins are minted primarily at the Royal Mint and Royal Canadian Mint for the Reserve Bank of New Zealand.1

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Kristin Shrader-Frechette<EOT>1

Kristin Shrader-Frechette

Kristin Shrader-Frechette (born 1944) is O'Neill Family Professor, Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Philosophy, at the University of Notre Dame. She has previously held senior professorships at the University of California and the University of Florida. Most of Shrader-Frechette's research work analyzes the ethical problems in risk assessment, public health, or environmental justice - especially those related to radiological, ecological, and energy-related risks. Shrader-Frechette has received the Global Citizenship Award, and the Catholic Digest named her one of 12 "Heroes for the US and the World".

Kristin Shrader-Frechette (born 1944) is O'Neill Family Professor, Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Philosophy, at the University of Notre Dame. She has previously held senior professorships at the University of California and the University of Florida. Most of Shrader-Frechette's research work analyzes the ethical problems in risk assessment, public health, or environmental justice - especially those related to radiological, ecological, and energy-related risks. Shrader-Frechette has received the Global Citizenship Award, and the Catholic Digest named her one of 12 "Heroes for the US and the World". == Education == Kristin Shrader-Frechette studied physics at Xavier University and graduated (summa cum laude) in 1967. She received her Ph.D. in philosophy from the University of Notre Dame in 1972. Shrader-Frechette also did post-doctoral work relating to biology, economics, and hydrogeology. == Publications == Shrader-Frechette has published more than 380 articles and 16 books/monographs, including Burying Uncertainty: Risk and the Case Against Geological Disposal of Nuclear Waste (1993); Method in Ecology (1993); The Ethics of Scientific Research (1994), Technology and Human Values (1996), Environmental Justice: Creating Equality, Reclaiming Democracy (2002), Taking Action, Saving Lives: Our Duties to Protect Environmental and Public Health (2007), and What Will Work: Fighting Climate Change with Renewable Energy, Not Nuclear Power (2011). Her books and articles have been translated into 13 languages. Shrader-Frechette is currently working on two new volumes: Risks of Risk Assessment and Philosophy of Science and Public Policy. Shrader-Frechette's 2011 book What Will Work says that nuclear power is not an economic or practical technology: This book uses market data, scientific studies, and ethical analyses to show why we should pursue green energy and conservation, and not nuclear fission, to address global climate change. Chapter 6 uses classic scientific studies from Harvard, Princeton, and the US Department of Energy to show how improved conservation and energy efficiency—along with increased use of wind and solar-PV power—can supply all energy needs while costing less than either fossil fuels or nuclear fission. == Professional membership == Shrader-Frechette has been a member of many boards and committees at the International level. She has been invited to address the National Academies of Science in three different countries. She has served as an advisor to numerous governments and international organizations, including the United Nations and the World Health Organization. Associate Editor of BioScience until 2002, Shrader-Frechette is Editor-in-Chief of the Oxford University Press monograph series on Environmental Ethics and Science Policy and spent two terms on the US EPA Science Advisory Board. She also serves on the editorial boards of 22 professional journals. == Awards == In 2004 Shrader-Frechette received the World Technology Award. In 2007, Catholic Digest named her one of 12 "Heroes for the US and the World" because of her pro-bono environmental justice work with minority and poor communities. In 2011, Tufts University gave her the Jean Mayer Global Citizenship Award.1

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Carlsbad, Texas<EOT>1

Carlsbad, Texas

Carlsbad is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in northwest Tom Green County, Texas, United States. It lies along U.S. Route 87 northwest of the city of San Angelo, the county seat of Tom Green County. Its elevation is 2,024 feet (617 m). Although Carlsbad is unincorporated, it has a post office, with the ZIP code of 76934; the ZCTA for ZIP Code 76934 had a population of 1,332 at the 2000 census. This was a new CDP for the 2010 census with a population of 719. Located along the North Concho River, Carlsbad was founded in 1907 under the name of Hughes. When the Post Office required the community to be renamed, residents chose the name of the spa town of Karlsbad in Bohemia, after local wells were discovered to yield mineral water.

Carlsbad is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in northwest Tom Green County, Texas, United States. It lies along U.S. Route 87 northwest of the city of San Angelo, the county seat of Tom Green County. Its elevation is 2,024 feet (617 m). Although Carlsbad is unincorporated, it has a post office, with the ZIP code of 76934; the ZCTA for ZIP Code 76934 had a population of 1,332 at the 2000 census. This was a new CDP for the 2010 census with a population of 719. Located along the North Concho River, Carlsbad was founded in 1907 under the name of Hughes. When the Post Office required the community to be renamed, residents chose the name of the spa town of Karlsbad in Bohemia, after local wells were discovered to yield mineral water. == Geography == Carlsbad is located at 31°36′41″N 100°38′26″W (31.611248, -100.640647). The CDP has a total area of 1.6 square miles (4.1 km²), all land.1

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Maung Wuntha<EOT>1

Maung Wuntha

Maung Wuntha (Burmese: မောင်ဝံသ; 17 April 1945 – 11 August 2013), also known as Soe Thein, was a veteran Myanmar journalist and a prominent author. He worked as an editor at several newspapers published by the Government before 1988. He was one of the appointed member of the central executive committee of the National League for Democracy when it was registered in 1989. He was arrested three times for his involvement in the democracy movement and the NLD. He was elected chairman of the Myanmar Journalists Association in August 2012 and vice chairman of the Interim Press Council the following month. He took a leading role in fighting for press freedom in Burma. He criticized the government for its policy on political prisoners and press freedom. He set up Dawn (Peacock) Publishing House since 1973 and wrote over 60 books and papers. Some of the books he translated are biographies on US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, Israeli military leader Moshe Dayan and Egyptian President Anwar Sadat. He died on 11 August 2013 at Yangon after battling lung cancer for more than a year. He was survived by his wife Myint Myint, four children and two grandchildren.1

Maung Wuntha (Burmese: မောင်ဝံသ; 17 April 1945 – 11 August 2013), also known as Soe Thein, was a veteran Myanmar journalist and a prominent author. He worked as an editor at several newspapers published by the Government before 1988. He was one of the appointed member of the central executive committee of the National League for Democracy when it was registered in 1989. He was arrested three times for his involvement in the democracy movement and the NLD. He was elected chairman of the Myanmar Journalists Association in August 2012 and vice chairman of the Interim Press Council the following month. He took a leading role in fighting for press freedom in Burma. He criticized the government for its policy on political prisoners and press freedom. He set up Dawn (Peacock) Publishing House since 1973 and wrote over 60 books and papers. Some of the books he translated are biographies on US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, Israeli military leader Moshe Dayan and Egyptian President Anwar Sadat. He died on 11 August 2013 at Yangon after battling lung cancer for more than a year. He was survived by his wife Myint Myint, four children and two grandchildren.1

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Epistle to the Galatians<EOT>There is an old debate as to whether Paul's letter was directed to northern Galatia, where the ethnic Galatians lived, or to southern part of the Galatian province, where cities such as Iconium are located. Raymond E. Brown states that the arguments for the northern theory "seem more persuasive" (An Introduction, p. 476). Udo Schnelle writes (The History and Theology, p. 97): "On the whole the arguments for the north Galatian hypothesis are stronger. In particular, the absence of the addressees in Gal. 1.21, the Lucan statement about Paul's work in 'the region of . . . Galatia' and the address in Gal. 3.1, along with the well thought out arrangement of the letter as a whole, speak against the south Galatian theory." <doc-sep> 7 Pliny, Natural History, 5:146, 7. “This district is occupied by Gallic settlers. Along the North and East of Galatia is Cappadocia. . .the towns are Ancyra. . .Tavium and Pissinus. Galatia also touches on Cabalia in Pamphylia. . . and the district of Orando in Pisidia, and Obizene which is part of Lycaonia.” From the recording of Pliny (23-79 a.d.) we can tell the region occupied as the Roman province of Galatia at the time of the writing of the book of Galatians. <doc-sep> (a) "I went up . . . and communicated to them the gospel . . . lest perhaps I should run, or had run in vain." This does not imply any doubt about the truth of his teaching, but he wanted to neutralize the opposition of the Judaizers by proving he was at one one with the others. (b) The following have the appearance of being ironical: "I communicated . . . to them who seemed to be some thing" (ii, 2); But of them who seemed to be something . . . for to me they that seemed to be something added to nothing" (ii, 6): "But contrawise . . . James and Cephas and John, who seemed to be pillars." Here we have three expressions tois dokousin in verse 2; ton dokounton einai ti, and oi dokountes in verse 6; and oi dokountes styloi einai in verse 9. Non-Catholic scholars agree with St. John Chrystostom that there is nothing ironical in the original context. As the verbs are in the present tense, the translations should be: "those who are in repute"; "who are (rightly) regarded as pillars". It is better to understand, with Rendall, that two classes of persons are meant: first, the leading men at Jerusalem; secondly, the three apostles. St. Paul's argument was to show that his teaching had the approval of the great men. St. James is mentioned first because the Judaizers made the greatest use of his name and example. "But of them who are in repute (what they were some time, it is nothing to me. God accepteth not the person of man)", verse 6. St. Augustine is almost alone in his interpretation that it made no matter to St. Paul that the Apostles were once poor ignorant men. Others hold that St. Paul was referring to the privilege of being personal disciples of our Lord. He said that did not alter the fact of his Apostolate, as God does not regard the person of men. Most probably this verse does not refer to the Apostles at all; and Cornerly supposes that St. Paul is speaking of the elevated position held by the presbyters at the council, and insists that it did not derogate from his Apostolate. Here St. Peter was found fault with probably by the Greek converts. He did not withdraw on account of bodily fear, says St. John Chrystostom; but as his special mission was at this time to the Jews, he was afraid of shocking them who were still weak in the Faith. His usual manner of acting, to which he was led by his vision many years previously, shows that his exceptional withdrawal was not due to any error of doctrine. He had motives like those which induced St. Paul to circumcise Timothy, etc.; and there is no proof that in acting upon them he committed the slightest sin. Those who came from James probably came for no evil purpose; nor does it follow they were sent by him. The Apostles in their letter (Acts 15:24) say: "Forasmuch as we have heard, that some going out from us have troubled you . . . to whom we gave no commandment." We need not suppose that St. Peter foresaw the effect of his example. The whole thing must have taken some time. St. Paul did not at first object. It was only when he saw the result that he spoke. The silence of St. Peter shows that he must have agreed with St. Paul; and, indeed, the argument to the Galatians required that this was the case. St. Peter's exalted position is indicated by the manner in which St. Paul says (i, 18) that he went to behold Peter, as people go to view some remarkable sight; and by the fact that in spite of the preaching of St. Paul and Barnabas for a long time at Antioch, his mere withdrawal was sufficient to draw all after him, and in a manner compel the Gentiles to be circumcised. In the expression "when I saw that they walked not uprightly", they does not necessarily include St. Peter. The incident is not mentioned in the Acts, as it was only transitory. Eusebius (Church History I.12) says that St. Clement of Alexandria, in the fifth book of the Hypotyposeis (Outlines), asserts that this Cephas was not the Apostle, but one of the seventy disciples. Clement here has few followers. <doc-sep> I am a pastor in Kenya. I use Pastor Chuck Swindoll's books a lot: Moses, David, Joseph, Esther, Hand Me Another Brick. I also receive Insight [for Today] daily. I use all as my study material. . . . I pray that I could absorb all that, live it and teach it. God bless Chuck, God bless Insight For Living. 1

Epistle to the Galatians

The Epistle to the Galatians, often shortened to Galatians, is the ninth book of the New Testament. It is a letter from Paul the Apostle to a number of Early Christian communities in Galatia. Scholars have suggested that this is either the Roman province of Galatia in southern Anatolia, or a large region defined by an ethnic group of Celtic people in central Anatolia. Paul is principally concerned with the controversy surrounding Gentile Christians and the Mosaic Law during the Apostolic Age. Paul argues that the Gentile Galatians do not need to adhere to the tenets of the Mosaic Law, particularly circumcision, by contextualizing the role of the law in light of the revelation of Christ. Galatians has exerted enormous influence on the history of Christianity, the development of Christian theology, and the study of the apostle Paul.

The Epistle to the Galatians, often shortened to Galatians, is the ninth book of the New Testament. It is a letter from Paul the Apostle to a number of Early Christian communities in Galatia. Scholars have suggested that this is either the Roman province of Galatia in southern Anatolia, or a large region defined by an ethnic group of Celtic people in central Anatolia. Paul is principally concerned with the controversy surrounding Gentile Christians and the Mosaic Law during the Apostolic Age. Paul argues that the Gentile Galatians do not need to adhere to the tenets of the Mosaic Law, particularly circumcision, by contextualizing the role of the law in light of the revelation of Christ. Galatians has exerted enormous influence on the history of Christianity, the development of Christian theology, and the study of the apostle Paul. == Composition == No original of the letter is known to survive. The earliest reasonably complete version available to scholars today, named P⁴⁶, dates to approximately the year 200 AD, approximately 150 years after the original was presumably drafted. This papyrus is fragmented in a few areas, causing some of the original text carefully preserved over the years to be missing, "however, through careful research relating to paper construction, handwriting development, and the established principles of textual criticism, scholars can be rather certain about where these errors and changes appeared and what the original text probably said." Some scholars date the original composition to c. 50–60 AD. Other scholars agree that Galatians was written between the late 40s and early 50s. == Authenticity == Biblical scholars agree that Galatians is a true example of Paul's writing. The main arguments in favor of the authenticity of Galatians include its style and themes, which are common to the core letters of the Pauline corpus. Moreover, Paul's possible description of the Council of Jerusalem (Gal.2:1–10) gives a different point of view from the description in Acts 15:2–29, if it is, in fact, describing the Jerusalem Council. The central dispute in the letter concerns the question of how Gentiles could convert to Christianity, which shows that this letter was written at a very early stage in church history, when the vast majority of Christians were Jewish or Jewish proselytes, which historians refer to as the Jewish Christians. Another indicator that the letter is early is that there is no hint in the letter of a developed organization within the Christian community at large. This puts it during the lifetime of Paul himself. Nevertheless, a small number of scholars have questioned Paul's authorship of Galatians, such as Bruno Bauer, Abraham Loman, C. H. Weisse and Frank R. McGuire. == Galatia == Paul's letter is addressed "to the churches of Galatia" (Galatians 1:2), but the location of these churches is a matter of debate. A minority of scholars have argued that the "Galatia" is an ethnic reference to a Celtic people living in northern Asia Minor, but most agree that it is a geographical reference to the Roman province in central Asia Minor, which had been settled by immigrant Celts in the 270s BC and retained Gaulish features of culture and language in Paul's day. Acts of the Apostles records Paul traveling to the "region of Galatia and Phrygia", which lies immediately west of Galatia. Some claim the New Testament says that the churches of Galatia (Antioch of Pisidia, Iconium, Lystra and Derbe) were founded by Paul himself (Acts 16:6; Galatians.1:8;4:13;4:19). They seem to have been composed mainly of converts from paganism (Galatians 4:8). After Paul's departure, the churches were led astray from Paul's trust/faith-centered teachings by individuals proposing "another gospel" (which centered on salvation through the Mosaic law, so-called legalism), whom Paul saw as preaching a "different gospel" from what Paul had taught (Galatians 1:1–9). The Galatians appear to have been receptive to the teaching of these newcomers, and the epistle is Paul's response to what he sees as their willingness to turn from his teaching. The identity of these "opponents" is disputed. However, the majority of modern scholars view them as Jewish Christians, who taught that in order for converts to belong to the People of God, they must be subject to some or all of the Jewish Law, (i.e. Judaizers). The letter indicates controversy concerning circumcision, Sabbath observance, and the Mosaic Covenant. It would appear, from Paul's response, that they cited the example of Abraham, who was circumcised as a mark of receiving the covenant blessings (Genesis 17). They certainly appear to have questioned Paul's authority as an apostle, perhaps appealing to the greater authority of the Jerusalem church governed by James (brother of Jesus). == North Galatian view == The North Galatian view holds that the epistle was written very soon after Paul's second visit to Galatia (Acts 18:23). In this view, the visit to Jerusalem, mentioned in Galatians 2:1–10, is identical with that of Acts 15, which is spoken of as a thing of the past. Consequently, the epistle seems to have been written after the Council of Jerusalem. The similarity between this epistle and the epistle to the Romans has led to the conclusion that they were both written at roughly the same time, during Paul's stay in Macedonia in roughly 56–57. This third date takes the word "quickly" in Gal. 1:6 literally. John P. Meier suggests that Galatians was "written in the middle or late 50s, only a few years after the Antiochene incident he narrates". Eminent Biblical scholar Helmut Koester also subscribes to the "North Galatian Hypothesis". Koester points out that the cities of Galatia in the north consist of Ankyra, Pessinus, and Gordium (of the Gordian Knot fame of Alexander the Great). == South Galatian view == The South Galatian view holds that Paul wrote Galatians before or shortly after the First Jerusalem Council, probably on his way to it, and that it was written to churches he had presumably planted during either his time in Tarsus (he would have traveled a short distance, since Tarsus is in Cilicia) after his first visit to Jerusalem as a Christian, or during his first missionary journey, when he traveled throughout southern Galatia. If it was written to the believers in South Galatia, it would likely have been written in 49. == Earliest epistle == A third theory is that Galatians 2:1–10 describes Paul and Barnabas' visit to Jerusalem described in Acts 11:30 and 12:25. This theory holds that the epistle was written before the Council was convened, possibly making it the earliest of Paul's epistles. According to this theory, the revelation mentioned (Gal 2:2) corresponds with the prophecy of Agabus (Acts 11:27–28). This view holds that the private speaking about the gospel shared among the Gentiles precludes the Acts 15 visit, but fits perfectly with Acts 11. It further holds that continuing to remember the poor (Gal. 2: 10) fits with the purpose of the Acts 11 visit, but not Acts 15. In addition, the exclusion of any mention of the letter of Acts 15 is seen to indicate that such a letter did not yet exist, since Paul would have been likely to use it against the legalism confronted in Galatians. Finally, this view doubts Paul's confrontation of Peter (Gal. 2:11) would have been necessary after the events described in Acts 15. If this view is correct, the epistle should be dated somewhere around 47, depending on other difficult to date events, such as Paul's conversion. Kirsopp Lake found this view less likely and wondered why it would be necessary for the Jerusalem Council (Acts 15) to take place at all if the issue were settled in Acts 11:30/12:25, as this view holds. Defenders of the view do not think it unlikely an issue of such magnitude would need to be discussed more than once. Renowned New Testament scholar J.B. Lightfoot also objected to this view since it "clearly implies that his [Paul's] Apostolic office and labours were well known and recognized before this conference." Defenders of this view, such as Ronald Fung, disagree with both parts of Lightfoot's statement, insisting a) Paul received his "Apostolic Office" at his conversion (Gal. 1:15–17; Ac. 9). Fung holds, then, that Paul's apostolic mission began almost immediately in Damascus (Acts 9:20). While accepting that Paul's apostolic anointing was likely only recognized by the Apostles in Jerusalem during the events described in Gal. 2/Acts 11:30, Fung does not see this as a problem for this theory. == Outline == The citation here is based on the content of the gospel. Alternative outlines have been introduced based on the rhetorical form of the letter. Galatians Salutation (1:1–5) No other gospel: Paul expresses displeasure that the community has turned from the gospel (1:6–10) The past of Paul, including his life in Judaism (1:13-14), his "apocalypse" from God, often understood as the Conversion of Paul (1:15-16), and his early ministry (1:17–24) a meeting with the "pillar apostles" in Jerusalem, possibly the Council of Jerusalem reported in Acts 15 (2:1–10) The Paul/Cephas Incident at Antioch, where Cephas backed down from his previous table fellowship with Gentiles (2:11–14) Paul's speech expressing that Jews, like Gentiles, are declared righteous by faith (2:15–21) A Consideration of Law or Faith (3:1–14) Law and Promise (3:15–20) Slaves and Sons (3:21–4:7) Sons of God (3:26) Concern for the Galatians (4:8–20) Allegorical Interpretation of Hagar and Sarah (4:21–5:1) Christian Freedom (5:1–15) Love thy neighbour (5:14) Fruit of the Spirit (5:16–26) The Law of Christ (6:1–10) Final Warning and Benediction (6:11–18) == Contents == This epistle addresses the question of whether the Gentiles in Galatia were obligated to follow Mosaic Law to be part of the Christ community. After an introductory address (Galatians 1:1–10), the apostle discusses the subjects which had occasioned the epistle. In the first two chapters, Paul discusses his life before Christ and his early ministry, including interactions with other apostles in Jerusalem. This is the most extended discussion of Paul's past that we find in the Pauline letters (cf. Philippians 3:1-7). Some have read this autobiographical narrative as Paul's defense of his apostolic authority (1:11–19; 2:1–14). Others, however, see Paul's telling of the narrative as making an argument to the Galatians about the nature of the gospel and the Galatians' own situation. Chapter 3 exhorts the Galatian believers to stand fast in the faith as it is in Jesus. Paul engages in an exegetical argument, drawing upon the figure of Abraham and the priority of his faith to the covenant of circumcision. Paul explains that the law was introduced as a temporary measure, one that is no longer efficacious now that the seed of Abraham, Christ, has come. Chapter 4 then concludes with a summary of the topics discussed and with the benediction, followed by 5:1–6:10 teaching about the right use of their Christian freedom. In the conclusion of the epistle, Paul wrote, "See with what large letters I am writing to you with my own hand." (Galatians 6:11, ESV) Regarding this conclusion, Lightfoot, in his Commentary on the epistle, says: "At this point the apostle takes the pen from his amanuensis, and the concluding paragraph is written with his own hand. From the time when letters began to be forged in his name (2Thessalonians 2:2; 2Thessalonians 3:17) it seems to have been his practice to close with a few words in his own handwriting, as a precaution against such forgeries... In the present case he writes a whole paragraph, summing up the main lessons of the epistle in terse, eager, disjointed sentences. He writes it, too, in large, bold characters (Gr. pelikois grammasin), that his hand-writing may reflect the energy and determination of his soul." Alternatively, some commentators have postulated that Paul's thorn in the flesh was poor eyesight, which caused him to write in characteristically large letters. Galatians also contains a catalogue of vices and virtues, a popular formulation of ancient Christian ethics. Probably the most famous single statement made in the Epistle, by Paul, is in chapter 3, verse 28: "There is neither Jew nor Gentile, neither slave nor free, nor is there male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus." The debate surrounding that verse is legend and the two schools of thought are (1) this only applies to the spiritual standing of people in the eyes of God, it does not implicate social distinctions and gender roles on earth; and (2) this is not just about our spiritual standing but is also very much about how we relate to each other and treat each other in the here and now. Position (1) emphasises the immediate context of the verse and notes that it is embedded in a discussion about justification: our relationship with God. Position (2) reminds its critics that the "whole letter context" is very much about how people got on in the here and now together, and in fact the discussion about justification came out of an actual example of people treating other people differently (2:11ff). == Significance == As Canadian religious historian, Barrie Wilson, points out in How Jesus Became Christian, Paul's Letter to the Galatians represents a sweeping rejection of Jewish Law (Torah). In so doing Paul clearly takes his Christ movement out of the orbit of Judaism and into an entirely different milieu. Paul's stance constitutes a major contrast to the position of James, brother of Jesus, whose group in Jerusalem adhered to the observance of Torah. Many scholars question whether Paul's view dovetails with Jesus' own teachings concerning the Law.1

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Harward Family House<EOT>1

Harward Family House

The Harward Family House is a historic house on Pork Point Road in Bowdoinham, Maine. Built about 1795 and repeatedly enlarged and altered, it is historically significant as the home of Thomas Harward, whose family's local shipyard was one of the most important elements of Bowdoinham's economy until about 1870. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

The Harward Family House is a historic house on Pork Point Road in Bowdoinham, Maine. Built about 1795 and repeatedly enlarged and altered, it is historically significant as the home of Thomas Harward, whose family's local shipyard was one of the most important elements of Bowdoinham's economy until about 1870. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996. == Description and history == The Harward Family House is located in northern Bowdoinham, on the west side of Pork Point Road, about 0.4 miles (0.64 km) south of its junction with Maine State Route 24. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, connected via ells to a barn at the rear. The street-facing front is an unusual five-bay gabled facade, with a center entrance. The gable has Italianate brackets in the eaves, and Greek Revival returns. The building corners are pilastered, and the entrance features a Colonial Revival surround, with sidelight windows, pilasters, and a corniced entablature. The interior is finished in a blend of Federal, Greek Revival, and Colonial Revival styles, representing at least three different periods of construction and alteration. The house was built about 1795 by Thomas Harward, a Bowdoinham native whose first ship was built c. 1790 on Swan Island, located opposite Pork Point in the Kennebec River. Harward built this house about 1795, and raised thirteen children. Thomas' son John inherited the house and the shipyard, which he managed during its height in the 1850s. It is around that time that he made alterations to the house, updating it to prevailing Greek Revival and Italianate taste. The Harward shipyard suffered financial reverses in the Panic of 1857, and closed in 1869. Although it was not as large as the shipyards of Bath and Richmond, it was a significant element in the local economy.1

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Dow Breweries<EOT>Most stock quote data provided by BATS. Market indices are shown in real time, except for the DJIA, which is delayed by two minutes. All times are ET. Disclaimer. Morningstar: © Morningstar, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Factset: FactSet Research Systems Inc. . All rights reserved. Chicago Mercantile Association: Certain market data is the property of Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc. and its licensors. All rights reserved. Dow Jones: The Dow Jones branded indices are proprietary to and are calculated, distributed and marketed by DJI Opco, a subsidiary of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC and have been licensed for use to S&P Opco, LLC and CNN. Standard & Poor's and S&P are registered trademarks of Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC and Dow Jones is a registered trademark of Dow Jones Trademark Holdings LLC. All content of the Dow Jones branded indices © S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC and/or its affiliates. © Cable News Network. A Time Warner Company. All Rights Reserved. Terms under which this service is provided to you. Privacy Policy. . 1

Dow Breweries

Dow Breweries was a brewing company based in the province of Quebec, Canada. The company was founded in Montreal by William Dow (1800–1868). Its brewery in Quebec City was formed in 1952 in the facilities formerly used by the Boswell Brewery (1843–1952). It was acquired by Carling O'Keefe and stopped its activities on March 31, 1966. After the purchase by Carling O'Keefe, the Dow brand came under the ownership of Molson, but disappeared from the Canadian market in the spring of 1997. Brands brewed by Dow included Dow Ale, Kingsbeer Lager and Black Horse Ale. At the urging of Board chair and academic Pierre Gendron, Dow Breweries supported the construction of the Montreal Planetarium, originally calling it "Dow Planetarium". It was completed in 1966 as one of many projects for the Canadian Centennial.

Dow Breweries was a brewing company based in the province of Quebec, Canada. The company was founded in Montreal by William Dow (1800–1868). Its brewery in Quebec City was formed in 1952 in the facilities formerly used by the Boswell Brewery (1843–1952). It was acquired by Carling O'Keefe and stopped its activities on March 31, 1966. After the purchase by Carling O'Keefe, the Dow brand came under the ownership of Molson, but disappeared from the Canadian market in the spring of 1997. Brands brewed by Dow included Dow Ale, Kingsbeer Lager and Black Horse Ale. At the urging of Board chair and academic Pierre Gendron, Dow Breweries supported the construction of the Montreal Planetarium, originally calling it "Dow Planetarium". It was completed in 1966 as one of many projects for the Canadian Centennial. == Downfall of the brewery == In August 1965, a patient presented to a hospital in Quebec City with symptoms suggestive of alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Over the next 8 months 50 more cases with similar findings appeared in the same area with 20 of these being fatal. It was noted that all patients were heavy drinkers who mostly drank beer and preferred the Dow brand, 30 out of those consuming more than 6 liters (12 pints) of beer per day. Epidemiological studies found that Dow had been adding cobalt sulfate to the beer for foam stability since July 1965 and that the concentration added in the Quebec city brewery was 10 times that of the same beer brewed in Montreal where there were no reported cases. Although Dow denied any responsibility, the Dow Brewery in Quebec City temporarily shut down and the remaining beer was dumped into the Saint Lawrence River. At the time of the incident, Dow Ale was the number one selling beer in Quebec; however, as a result of the "tainted beer scandal" sales of the brand soon dropped dramatically never to recover.1

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Gogmagog (giant)<EOT>This is not a text to be read or taken lightly; full concentration is required to stay with Cohen’s densely-packed argument. On the first page of the introduction, he renders evident the complexity and broad range of the subject matter and of his thinking on it through a tightly-packed single-paragraph summary of giants in the western tradition from Humbaba in the Epic of Gilgamesh to the 20th century film giant King Kong . Thus indicating the sustained presence and continued relevance of giants in western culture, and with brief allusion to their function as signifiers of boundaries and transgressions, Cohen turns to a more specific discussion of the giant in the Anglo-Saxon and Middle English traditions at the foundation of his argument. Claiming that “the giant appears at that moment when the boundaries of the body are being culturally demarcated” he argues that “in the England of the Middle Ages, he signifies [those] dangerous excesses of the flesh that the process of masculine embodiment produces in order to forbid” (xiii). He further establishes his central point by claiming that “the giant is at once a seemingly monolithic representation of otherness and a figure whose indomitable corporeality suggests the difficulty of being merely human in a world that demands the austere discipline of minute self-regulation’’ (xiv). Cohen then points out that the focus of cultural work on medieval monsters tends to be the monstrous races mentioned in texts such as the Liber Monstrorum or drawn on Mappa Mundi. In this book, he instead focuses on the giants of Anglo-Saxon texts, the giant of Mont-St-Michel in Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Historia Regum Brittaniae, Wace’s Roman de Brut, and the chronicles of Mannyng and Lille, giants in medieval romance, and Chaucer’s Tale of Sir Topas, in an effort to promote greater consideration of the giant’s function in literature as a violently-gendered being, one who at once embodies the intimacy and extimacy of man’s excesses and reveals the limits of man’s action and of the newly-emergent nation. To these texts and the monsters within them Cohen applies psychoanalysis, postmodern identity theory, “including certain strains of gender and queer theory” and “constructivist theories of sexuality”, mentioning specifically the works of Michel Foucault and of Judith Butler as particular influences (xvi). 1

Gogmagog (giant)

Gogmagog (also Goemagot, Goemagog, Goëmagot and Gogmagoc) was a legendary giant in Welsh and later English folklore. According to Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae ("The History of The Kings of Britain", 12th century), he was a giant inhabitant of Albion, thrown off a cliff during a wrestling match with Corineus (a companion of Brutus of Troy). Gogmagog was the last of the Giants found by Brutus and his men inhabiting the land of Albion. The effigies of Gogmagog and Corineus, used in English pagentry and later instituted as guardian statues at Guildhall in London eventually earned the familiar names "Gog and Magog".

Gogmagog (also Goemagot, Goemagog, Goëmagot and Gogmagoc) was a legendary giant in Welsh and later English folklore. According to Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae ("The History of The Kings of Britain", 12th century), he was a giant inhabitant of Albion, thrown off a cliff during a wrestling match with Corineus (a companion of Brutus of Troy). Gogmagog was the last of the Giants found by Brutus and his men inhabiting the land of Albion. The effigies of Gogmagog and Corineus, used in English pagentry and later instituted as guardian statues at Guildhall in London eventually earned the familiar names "Gog and Magog". == Etymology == The name "Gogmagog" is often connected to the biblical characters Gog and Magog; however Manley Pope, author of an 1862 English translation of the Welsh chronicle Brut y Brenhinedd (itself a translation of Monmouth's "Historia Regum Britanniae") argued that it was a corruption of Gawr Madoc (Madoc the Great). == Geoffrey of Monmouth == Gogmagog ("Goemagot", "Goemagog") in the legend of the founding of Britain as written by Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae (1136). Gogmagog was a giant of "Albion" was slain by Corineus, a member of the invading Trojan colonizers headed by Brutus. Corineus was subsequently granted a piece of land that was named "Cornwall" eponymously after him. The Historia details the encounter as follows: Gogmagog, accompanied by twenty fellow giants, attacked the Trojan settlement and caused great slaughter. The Trojans rallied back and killed all giants, except for "one detestable monster named Gogmagog, in stature twelve cubits, and of such prodigious strength that at one shake he pulled up an oak as if it had been a hazel wand". He is captured so that Corineus can wrestle with him. The giant breaks three of Corineus's ribs, which so enrages him that he picks up the giant and carries him on his shoulders to the top of a high rock, from which he throws the giant down into the sea. The place where he fell was known as "Gogmagog's Leap" to posterity. == Later versions == Gogmagog's combat with Corineus according to Geoffrey was repeated in Wace's Anglo-Norman Brut and Layamon's Middle-English Brut. Because Geoffrey's work is regarded as fact until the late 17th Century, the story has continued to appear in most early histories of Britain. The tale of Gogmagog's ancestry was composed later in the 14th century. Known as the "Albina story" (or Des Grantz Geanz), it claimed Gogmagog to be a giant descended from Albina and her sisters, thirty daughters of the king of Greece exiled to the land later to be known as "Albion". This story was added as a prologue to later versions of Brut pseudo-history, Thus according to the Middle English prose version of the Brut, known as the Chronicles of England, Albina was the daughter of Syrian king named Dioclician, from whom Gogmagog and Laugherigan and the other giants of Albion are descended. These giants lived in caves and hills until being conquered by Brutus' party arriving in "Tottenesse" (Totnes, Devon). A later chapter describes Gogmagog's combat Corineus (Middle English:Coryn) "at Totttenes", more or less as according to Geoffrey. Gogmagog was the tallest of these giants; Coryn in comparison was at least the largest man from the waist upward among Brutus's crew. Caxton's printed edition, The Cronycles of Englond (1482), closely matches this content. Raphael Holinshed also localizes the event of the "leape of Gogmagog" at Dover, But William Camden in his 1586 work Brittannia locates it on Plymouth Hoe, perhaps following Richard Carew's Survey of Cornwall. Carew describes "the portraiture of two men, one bigger, the other lesser.. (whom they term "Gogmagog") which was cut upon the ground at the Hawe (i.e. The Hoe) in Plymouth...". These figures were first recorded in 1495 and were destroyed by the construction of the Royal Citadel in 1665. Michael Drayton's Poly-Olbion preserves the tale as well: Amongst the ragged Cleeves those monstrous giants sought: Who (of their dreadful kind) t'appal the Trojans brought Great Gogmagog, an oake that by the roots could teare; So mighty were (that time) the men who lived there: But, for the use of armes he did not understand (Except some rock or tree, that coming next to land, He raised out of the earth to execute his rage), He challenge makes for strength, and offereth there his gage, Which Corin taketh up, to answer by and by, Upon this sonne of earth his utmost power to try. == Guardians of London == The Lord Mayor's account of Gogmagog says that the Roman Emperor Diocletian had thirty-three wicked daughters. He found thirty-three husbands for them to curb their wicked ways; they chafed at this, and under the leadership of the eldest sister, Alba, they murdered their husbands. For this crime they were set adrift at sea; they washed ashore on a windswept island, which they named "Albion"—after Alba. Here they coupled with demons and gave birth to a race of giants, whose descendants included Gog and Magog. The effigies of two giants were recorded in 1558 at the coronation of Queen Elizabeth I and were described as "Gogmagot the Albion" and "Corineus the Britain". These, or similar figures, made of "wickerwork and pasteboard" made regular appearances in the Lord Mayor's Show thereafter, although they became known as Gog and Magog over the years. New figures were carved from pine in 1709 by Captain Richard Saunders and displayed in the Guildhall until 1940 when they were destroyed in an air-raid; they were replaced by David Evans in 1953. Images of Gog and Magog (depicted as giants) are carried by Lord Mayors of the City of London in a traditional procession in the Lord Mayor's Show each year on the second Saturday of November. == In French literature == Under the influence of Geoffrey's Gogmagog (Goemagot), Gos et Magos, the French rendition of "Gog and Magog", were recast in the role of enemies defeated by the giant Gargantua, and taken prisoner to King Arthur who held court in London in Rabelais's Gargantua (1534). Gargantua's father Pantagruel also had an ancestor named Gemmagog, which was whose name was also a corruption of "Gog and Magog", influenced by the British legend. == In Irish folklore == Works of Irish mythology, including the Lebor Gabála Érenn (the Book of Invasions), expand on the Genesis account of Magog as the son of Japheth and make him the ancestor to the Irish through Partholón, leader of the first group to colonize Ireland after the Deluge, and a descendant of Magog, as also were the Milesians, the people of the 5th invasion of Ireland. Magog was also the progenitor of the Scythians, as well as of numerous other races across Europe and Central Asia. His three sons were Baath, Jobhath, and Fathochta. == Explanatory notes == This was first set out in Les grandes et inestimables cronicques (1532) though better known in Rabelais's Gargantua.1

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Cambodia Securities Exchange<EOT>1

Cambodia Securities Exchange

The Cambodia Securities Exchange (CSX) (Khmer: ក្រុមហ៊ុន ផ្សារមូលបត្រកម្ពុជា; abbreviation: ផមក) is the national stock exchange of Cambodia. The exchange's purpose is to achieve high economic growth by facilitating flows of capital, investment, and reallocation of capital based on capital market mechanisms. The exchange is headquartered in the Canadia Tower, in Cambodia's capital city, Phnom Penh. As of 2016, CSX was reported to have the smallest total market capitalization for its listed companies of any stock exchange in the world, with a total capitalization of $103.1 million.

The Cambodia Securities Exchange (CSX) (Khmer: ក្រុមហ៊ុន ផ្សារមូលបត្រកម្ពុជា; abbreviation: ផមក) is the national stock exchange of Cambodia. The exchange's purpose is to achieve high economic growth by facilitating flows of capital, investment, and reallocation of capital based on capital market mechanisms. The exchange is headquartered in the Canadia Tower, in Cambodia's capital city, Phnom Penh. As of 2016, CSX was reported to have the smallest total market capitalization for its listed companies of any stock exchange in the world, with a total capitalization of $103.1 million. == History == In November 2006, the Cambodian Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF) and Korea Exchange (KRX) signed a Memorandum of Understanding to develop the securities market in Cambodia. The following November, Cambodian Prime Minister, Samdech Hun Sen hosted an international conference promoting the launch of the Cambodia Securities Market project. In March 2009, the Royal Government of Cambodia and Korea Exchange signed a "Joint-Venture Agreement" to establish a stock market ("The Cambodia Securities Exchange Co., Ltd"). The Cambodia Securities Exchange was then incorporated on 23 February 2010. The MEF owns 55% of the registered capital and KRX the remaining 45%. == Listings == On 18 April 2012, Phnom Penh Water Supply Authority became the first domestically listed company on the Cambodian Securities Exchange. Its shares went up 48 percent on the first day of trading after investors sought more than 10 times the available stock. The second stock listed currently (February 2015) is Grand Twins International, a Taiwanese garment maker, which first trading day was on 16 June 2014. == CSX Historical Highlights == 18 April 2012 – Phnom Penh Water Supply Authority became the first domestically listed company on the Cambodian Securities Exchange. 11 July 2011 – CSX was inaugurated by Deputy Prime Minister Keat Chhon, Minister of Economy and Finance. 28 February 2011 – CSX received approval from SECC to operate as Market Operator, Clearing and Settlement Facility, and Depository Operator. 23 February 2010 – Business Registration as a public enterprise with majority government shareholding. 23 March 2009 – "Joint Venture Agreement" between Royal Government of Cambodia represented by Ministry of Economy and Finance and Korea Exchange. 21 January 2008 – MOU on "The establishment of a Cambodia Securities Exchange in the Kingdom of Cambodia" was signed by MEF and KRX. 6 September 2007 – International Conference on the Launch of the Cambodia Securities Market Project. 20 November 2006 – MOU on "The development of the Securities Market in Cambodia" was signed by MEF and KRX. == CSX Leadership == H.E. HEAN Sahib (ហ៊ាន សាហ៊ីប), Chairman of the Board of Directors Mr. HONG Sok Hour (ហុង សុហួរ), CEO Mr. MIN Kyoung-hoon, COO == CSX Organization == CSX is composed of the following departments: Administration and Finance Department IT Department Listing and Disclosure Department Market Operations Department Clearing and Settlement Department Depository Department == Listed Companies == Three state-owned enterprises have been instructed by the government to list their stocks for trading. The list of companies which are actually listed is shown here, http://www.csx.com.kh/en/company/list.jsp?MNCD=6010. == Member Institutions Licensed for Underwriting == The following brokerage firms hold membership to the CSX and are authorized to perform securities underwriting == Trading, Settlement and Depository == Trading Trading is executed through a continuous multiple-price auction process from 9:00 AM to 11:00 AM, with opening at 9:00 AM and closing at 11:30 AM. Settlement Settlements between members and CSX are carried out through 3 participating banks: ACLEDA Bank, Canadia Bank, BIDC. Depository All securities listed and traded on the CSX are deposited with the CSX. Detailed trading and settlement process and related mechanisms can be found at, http://www.csx.com.kh/operation/market/listPosts.do?MNCD=3010.1

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J. William White<EOT>. For some reason this didn't look right for a young doctor, because in these long years between wars, the Troop was know more for parties, banquets and balls than for national defense. However, he joined, enjoyed the parties and the riding. Previous Troop surgeons had worn regular street clothes; Dr. White put on the fancy Troop uniform. Probably at a party, a Trooper named Adams objected, became loud . Dr. White floored him. Mr. Adams sent a formal challenge to a duel. 1

J. William White

James William White (November 2, 1850 – April 24, 1916) was an American surgeon from Philadelphia. After participating in the Hassler expedition to the West Indies, he became a respected surgeon, teacher and author at the University of Pennsylvania Hospital, with which he was associated from 1874 to 1916. He was John Rhea Barton Professor of Surgery at the University of Pennsylvania Hospital from 1900 to 1912 and professor emeritus until his death.

James William White (November 2, 1850 – April 24, 1916) was an American surgeon from Philadelphia. After participating in the Hassler expedition to the West Indies, he became a respected surgeon, teacher and author at the University of Pennsylvania Hospital, with which he was associated from 1874 to 1916. He was John Rhea Barton Professor of Surgery at the University of Pennsylvania Hospital from 1900 to 1912 and professor emeritus until his death. == Biography == J. William White was born in Philadelphia, a son of Dr. James W. White and his wife Mary Ann McClaranan. Dr. James W. White was for many years president of the Board of Charities and Correction, founder of the Maternity Hospital in Philadelphia, and first president of the S. S. White Dental Manufacturing Company. After completing courses of study in the public schools and Friends' School, J. William White entered the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, whence he was graduated Doctor of Medicine, class of 1871, receiving from the university the degree of Doctor of Philosophy the same year. Shortly after graduation he became a member of the staff gathered by Professor Louis Agassiz for the Hassler expedition to the West Indies, the Straits of Magellan and both coasts of South America. After his return to Philadelphia he began practice, became eminent as a surgeon, and during his entire after life was a teacher and writer in surgery. He joined the University of Pennsylvania Medical School in 1874. His connection with the university as professor emeritus ended only with his death. White was the author of the "Human Anatomy" (1875); American Text Book of Surgery (1896); Genito-Urinary Surgery (1897); and an editor of Annals of Surgery. He was a member of the American Surgical Association, the American Genito-Urinary Association, a fellow of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, and a trustee of the University of Pennsylvania. White was an avid sportsman. He was a member of the Rittenhouse, Corinthian Yacht, Philadelphia Country and Franklin Inn clubs of Philadelphia. He was also a member of the Reform, the Royal Automobile and the Kinsman clubs, all of London, and of the Swiss and American Alpine Club. Once, in September 1880, he swam from Newport to the Narragansett Pier, Rhode Island, making ten miles in five hours and forty minutes in a cold rough sea. He married, in Milford, Connecticut, on June 22, 1888, Miss Letitia Brown, who survived him. During World War I, Dr. White served at the American Hospital in Paris, as part of a unit from the University of Pennsylvania Medical School. He also published A Primer of the War for Americans (1914), later enlarged and republished as A Textbook of the War for Americans (1915).1

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Khagen Mahanta<EOT>1

Khagen Mahanta

Khagen Mahanta (Assamese: খগেন মহন্ত) was an exponent of folk and traditional music of Assam. Khagen Mahanta was a notable person in Assamese folk music and known as the "King of Bihu". His Bihu songs, Borgeet and other folk songs remain popular in Assam. The artist, along with his wife Archana Mahanta and son Angaraag Mahanta, represent one of the most influential families in Assamese music. He died on 12 June 2014.

Khagen Mahanta (Assamese: খগেন মহন্ত) was an exponent of folk and traditional music of Assam. Khagen Mahanta was a notable person in Assamese folk music and known as the "King of Bihu". His Bihu songs, Borgeet and other folk songs remain popular in Assam. The artist, along with his wife Archana Mahanta and son Angaraag Mahanta, represent one of the most influential families in Assamese music. He died on 12 June 2014. == Early life == Khagen Mahanta was born to Harendra Nath Mahanta and Laxmipriya Deviin in Nagaon, Assam. He showed his musical talent from his childhood. At the age of fifteen he started performing in concerts in Shillong, where he was well received. == Career == In 1958, he gained attention from Delhi Doordarshan (television) Center, which had just been established, and was given the opportunity to perform. His program was a great success. During the "language movement" in 1960, Khagen Mahanta got actively involved in it under the leadership of personalities like Bishnuprasad Rabha, Hemanga Biswas, and Jugal Das. He was a member of the group "Harmony" and promoted human values with his melodious voice and compositions. In 1961, his first gramophone recorded song was broadcast from Guwahati All India radio center. He also participated in the "World Peace" festival in Calcutta. He was recognized as A grade artist in All India Radio and contributed in almost all genres of Assamese music like Lokageet, Okoni Geet, musicals, and dramas. == Personal life == He was married to Archana Mahanta, also an Assamese folk singer. They performed together on many occasions, popularising Assamese folk music and earning a name as the most popular duet singers. Their son Angaraag Mahanta is also a singer like his parents and is popular in the genre of modern Assamese music; he lived in Mumbai. He has two grandchildren, Puhor and Parijaat. He also has a daughter, Kingkini Mahanta. == Death == Khagen Mahanta died a sudden death at his own residence in Guwahati on the afternoon of 12 June 2014. The end came at 3:40 pm, sending shockwaves across the state. Mahanta is survived by his wife Archana Mahanta and son Angaraag Mahanta. State government declared a half holiday across the state on 13 June 2014. == Awards == Khagen Mahanta has been decorated numerous times nationally and internationally for his contributions. He was also awarded the Sangeet Natak Academy award for folk and traditional music in 1992. Some of his awards/ recognitions are listed below: 1988 - Film Craft Award 1992 - Sangeet Natak Academy 1994 - Shrimoy Award 1999 - Sangeetacharya1

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Sunrise Hospital & Medical Center<EOT>1

Sunrise Hospital & Medical Center

Sunrise Hospital & Medical Center is a for-profit hospital owned by the Hospital Corporation of America and operated by Sunrise Healthcare System. It is located in the Las Vegas Valley in the town of Winchester, Nevada.

Sunrise Hospital & Medical Center is a for-profit hospital owned by the Hospital Corporation of America and operated by Sunrise Healthcare System. It is located in the Las Vegas Valley in the town of Winchester, Nevada. == History == Sunrise was founded in 1958. It was designed by architect Hugh E. Taylor and built by Las Vegas developer, Irwin Molasky alongside businessmen Moe Dalitz, Allard Roen and Merv Adelson. The hospital established the area's first neonatal ICU in 1974. == Services == Level II Trauma center The first Children's Hospital in the Las Vegas Valley, Sunrise Children's Hospital, is located on the campus. Member of the National Organ Transplant Network. Neonatal intensive care unit == Accreditation == Joint Commission accredited Inpatient rehabilitation facility accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities Breast Center fully accredited by the National Accreditation Program for Breast Centers1

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Eco-Soap Bank<EOT>1

Eco-Soap Bank

Eco-Soap Bank is an American non-profit organization founded in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 2014. The organization collects used soap from hotels located in Cambodia, employs economically disadvantaged women to sanitize and process the soap into new bars at local hubs, and partners with other organizations to distribute the soap to schools, communities, and health clinics. Eco-Soap Bank also provides some soap to women in village communities and trains them as soap sellers.

Eco-Soap Bank is an American non-profit organization founded in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 2014. The organization collects used soap from hotels located in Cambodia, employs economically disadvantaged women to sanitize and process the soap into new bars at local hubs, and partners with other organizations to distribute the soap to schools, communities, and health clinics. Eco-Soap Bank also provides some soap to women in village communities and trains them as soap sellers. == About == Eco-Soap Bank was founded by social entrepreneur Samir Lakhani in 2014. While on a volunteer trip to Cambodia building fish ponds in remote villages, Lakhani saw a woman bathing her infant in laundry detergent, a hazardous substitute for soap. After learning more about hygiene issues in the developing world, he contacted scientist friends and developed a technique to melt down, sterilize, and reprocess recycled soap bars into new composite bars of “eco-soap.” Eco-Soap Bank now employs 30 staff in several locations across Cambodia. The organization is working to expand its reach to other developing countries with high mortality rates associated with hygiene-related illnesses. == Mission == Eco-Soap Bank’s stated mission is to fight the spread of preventable illnesses caused by a lack of access to soap, to reduce the waste generated by the hotel industry, and to provide livelihoods to economically disadvantaged women.1

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The Wendigo (novella)<EOT>1

The Wendigo (novella)

The Wendigo is a novella by Algernon Blackwood, first published in The Lost Valley and Other Stories (Eveleigh Nash, 1910).

The Wendigo is a novella by Algernon Blackwood, first published in The Lost Valley and Other Stories (Eveleigh Nash, 1910). == Synopsis == In the wilderness north of Rat Portage in Northwestern Ontario, two Scotsmen – divinity student Simpson and his uncle, Dr. Cathcart, an author of a book on collective hallucination – are on a moose-hunting trip with guides Hank Davis and the wilderness-loving French "Canuck", Joseph Défago. While their Indian cook, Punk, stays to tend the main camp, the others split up into two hunting-parties; Dr. Cathcart goes with Hank, while Défago guides Simpson in a canoe down the river to explore the vast territory beyond. Simpson and Défago make camp, and it soon becomes clear that Défago senses – or thinks he senses – some strange and fearful odour on the wind. That night, Simpson wakes to find Défago cowering in terror from something outside the tent. Later Défago runs off into the night, forcing Simpson to go and look for him. He follows his footprints in the snow for many miles, realising that Défago's are not the only set of tracks. The larger set of footprints are not human, and gradually it seems that Défago's own tracks have metamorphosed into smaller versions of the larger set. Eventually, both sets of tracks vanish, and Simpson thinks he hears Défago's distant voice calling out from somewhere in the sky above. Simpson finally manages to make his way back to the main camp where he is reunited with the others. Dr. Cathcart and Hank go back with him to search for Défago, and when camping once more out in the wilderness, Défago – or some hideous parody of Défago – appears before them before vanishing once again into the night. Conflicted and disturbed about what they have witnessed, they return to the main camp to find that Défago – the real Défago this time – has made his own way back, suffering from delirium, exposure and frostbite. The poor guide dies soon after, and the three men are left in a state of bafflement and uncertainty about what has occurred. Punk alone could have explained it to them, but he fled home as soon as he caught the terrible odour that Défago carried with him. As an Indian, he instantly understood that Défago had seen the Wendigo. == Reception and influence == Grace Isabel Colbron remarked in her 1915 essay, Algernon Blackwood: An Appreciation that: "For sheer naked concentrated horror, unexplained and unexplainable, such tales as "The Wendigo"... may be said to lead among the stories of the supernatural. H.P. Lovecraft said of The Wendigo: "Another amazingly potent though less artistically finished tale [than Blackwood's The Willows] is The Wendigo, where we are confronted by horrible evidences of a vast forest daemon about which North Woods lumber men whisper at evening. The manner in which certain footprints tell certain unbelievable things is really a marked triumph in craftsmanship." August Derleth based his eponymous Cthulhu Mythos entity in the short story Ithaqua on The Wendigo. The 2015 PS4 survival horror game Until Dawn features wendigos as its monsters, and is set on the fictional Blackwood Mountain, Alberta, in reference to both the author and this tale.1

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Carolyn Cudone<EOT>1

Carolyn Cudone

Carolyn Cassidy Cudone (September 7, 1918 – March 1, 2009) was an American amateur golfer. Raised in Staten Island, New York, her mother played golf and encouraged Cudone to play the game. Her amateur golfing career was successful but she is best known for her performance as a seniors' golfer. Sometimes recorded as Mrs. Philip J. Cudone, among her amateur career successes was her 1958 victory at the North and South Women's Amateur. She was a member of the on the 1956 U.S. Curtis Cup team and in 1970 was team captain. However, it was at the U.S. Senior Women's Amateur where she enjoyed her most noted success. Of the ten Championships she participated in, Cudone won a record five straight titles between 1968 and 1972, the most wins in a row in any USGA championship. A long-time resident of Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, Cudone was a member of the Dunes Golf and Beach Club. In 1979, she was inducted into the South Carolina Golf Hall of Fame. The Carolyn Cudone Intercollegiate Championship is named in her honor. She was inducted into the Myrtle Beach Golf Hall of Fame in 2009.

Carolyn Cassidy Cudone (September 7, 1918 – March 1, 2009) was an American amateur golfer. Raised in Staten Island, New York, her mother played golf and encouraged Cudone to play the game. Her amateur golfing career was successful but she is best known for her performance as a seniors' golfer. Sometimes recorded as Mrs. Philip J. Cudone, among her amateur career successes was her 1958 victory at the North and South Women's Amateur. She was a member of the on the 1956 U.S. Curtis Cup team and in 1970 was team captain. However, it was at the U.S. Senior Women's Amateur where she enjoyed her most noted success. Of the ten Championships she participated in, Cudone won a record five straight titles between 1968 and 1972, the most wins in a row in any USGA championship. A long-time resident of Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, Cudone was a member of the Dunes Golf and Beach Club. In 1979, she was inducted into the South Carolina Golf Hall of Fame. The Carolyn Cudone Intercollegiate Championship is named in her honor. She was inducted into the Myrtle Beach Golf Hall of Fame in 2009. == Significant career victories == New Jersey State Women's Golf Championship: 1955, 1956, 1959, 1960, 1963, 1965 New Jersey stroke-play: 11-time winner North and South Women's Amateur: 1958 Women's Metropolitan Amateur: 1955, 1961, 1963, 1964, 1965 U.S. Senior Women's Amateur: 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 == Team appearances == Amateur Curtis Cup (representing the United States): 1956, 1970 (non-playing captain, winners)1

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Made in Paris<EOT>By using this site , you agree to the use of cookies for analytical purposes, advertising and personalized content . more info click here 1

Made in Paris

Made in Paris is a 1966 American romantic comedy film starring Louis Jourdan, Ann-Margret, Richard Crenna, Edie Adams and Chad Everett. The film was written by Stanley Roberts and directed by Boris Sagal. This was the last screen credit for veteran MGM musical director Georgie Stoll before retirement.

Made in Paris is a 1966 American romantic comedy film starring Louis Jourdan, Ann-Margret, Richard Crenna, Edie Adams and Chad Everett. The film was written by Stanley Roberts and directed by Boris Sagal. This was the last screen credit for veteran MGM musical director Georgie Stoll before retirement. == Plot == A redheaded American girl from New York finds herself in a love triangle in the City of Light (Paris, France). Maggie Scott (Ann-Margret) works as an assistant buyer for Irene Chase (Edie Adams). Irene is a fashion buyer for Barclay Ames, an upscale clothing store in New York owned by Roger Barclay (John McGiver). Ted Barclay (Chad Everett), the son of Roger Barclay, takes a special interest in Maggie. After taking her on a date, he finds that her morals are different from the multitude of his previous women. This bachelor doesn’t seem to mind a good chase. Irene sends Maggie to Paris as her representative for the annual fashion shows of the major European fashion designers such as Marc Fontaine, Dior, and Balenciaga. The most important show is Marc Fontaine (Louis Jourdan) because Barclay Ames is the only store in New York that handles Fontaine gowns, and Maggie must keep that rapport between the two companies on her trip. Worried for Maggie’s safety, Ted calls his Paris-based columnist friend, Herb Stone (Richard Crenna), to look after her in Paris. Maggie’s arrival in Paris is paired with a warning from Herb Stone that she may lose all of her inhibitions, which she quickly denies could happen. Marc Fontaine, the handsome French designer, had a relationship with Irene. It doesn’t take long for the Parisian scenery to play with Maggie’s emotions, leading her into the arms of Mr. Fontaine. Herb Stone completes the love triangle by pursuing Maggie as well. His version of a good time doesn’t involve the exciting dance club Maggie dances in for Mr. Fontaine. He would rather settle down in the bedroom. Ted Barclay decides to fly out to Paris to win Maggie’s heart once and for all. == Production == MGM announced the film was part of their line up in February 1964. Doris Day was meant to star but she did not like the script. So Ann-Margret (who had just made Once a Thief and The Cincinnati Kid for MGM) was signed instead. Bob Crane, who had just shot the pilot for Hogan's Heroes, was offered the male lead, as a newspaperman. This part ended up being played by Richard Crenna. Richard Chamerblain was offered the role of the department store buyer. This was played by MGM contractee Chad Everett. Louis Jourdan signed to play the male lead. There was a report he pulled out when he discovered his character did not get the girl in the end. Filming took place on the MGM backlot. == Fashion == The costumes worn by Edie Adams, Ann-Margret and the fashion models were created by costumer designer Helen Rose. Edie Adams wears a form-fitting black velvet beaded gown that flares out at the knee with a satin skirt covered in coque feathers. Her matching cape is made of black crepe chiffon featuring beading and three rows of coque feathers (13 min. 13 sec. into the film). Ann-Margret’s arrival in Paris costume is a blue beige coat completely lined with fox fur and worn over a sheath. The Fontaine fashion show starts at 42 min into the movie featuring Helen Rose designs. ‘Golden Avalanche’ Three piece ski suit of golden yellow stretch jersey slim pants, fingertip jacket is lined with silver grey Persian lamb, and a hooded sweater of Persian lamb. ‘Swirling Amethysts’ (45 min. 35 sec. into the film) Three hundred yards of pleated silk chiffon, the high rise neckline and low back bodice is of amethysts, rubies, gold, and diamonds. Ann-Margret’s ‘After-Five Costume’ (50 min. 30 sec. into the film) Carl velvet coat embroidered and banded with sables. == Music == ‘Lottie’ – Count Basie Orchestra ‘Skol Sister’ – Count Basie Orchestra Jazz music plays in the background for most of the film. Maggie Scott (Ann-Margret), performs a dance to a band in a Paris night club 55minutes and 47seconds into the film. == Reception == MGM was so impressed with Crenna's performance, it signed him to a three-picture deal. The Los Angeles Times said the film "was just not in the game class as Gigi" although Ann-Margret "gave her all." == Quotes == Ted- “Ms. Scott, are you bucking for sainthood?” Maggie – “No, no I’m just an average American girl. I have the foolish idea that I’d like to settle down in the suburbs with a man I love and have children, and maybe even have a station wagon, and two of those large dogs with hair in front of their eyes. I'm sure you think that's square Mr. Barclay.” Herb Stone – “Any American girl today has two completely different sets of morals. Back in the States, a girl, like Maggie, watches every step but she has her mind on just one thing, a wedding ring. Well, here in Paris, she has no chance of getting married so she lets her hair down. She does all the things she's always wanted to do. Plus, a few things that uh, she never thought of.” Mark Fontaine – “Do you know what you really want, Maggie? You want a thrilling evening of 'almost'. Yes, almost romance, almost love, almost sex. Maggie, I told you Paris would give you whatever you were looking for. You've got it. And you've put me in the position of a guide. Very well, very well, I hope I’ve given you proper service, Miss Scott. Now that we've shown you our best imitation of romance, what would you like to see next? The Eiffel Tower? The Arch of Triumph? Oh, I know the wax museum. Sex, lust, passion, but not real, not real, Miss Scott. Just the way you like it. Fake, all in one.” (Sagal, B. (Director). (1966). Made in Paris [Motion picture]. United States. ) == DVD == Made in Paris was released to DVD by Warner Home Video on March 23, 2009, as a Region 1 widescreen DVD-on-demand available through Warner Archives at Amazon.1

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Accelerating change<EOT>“A further reason why industrial society cannot be reformed. . . is that modern technology is a unified system in which all parts are dependent on one another. You can’t get rid of the “bad” parts of technology and retain only the “good” parts. Take modern medicine, for example. Progress in medical science depends on progress in chemistry, physics, biology, computer science and other fields. Advanced medical treatments require expensive, high-tech equipment that can be made available only by a technologically progressive, economically rich society. Clearly you can’t have much progress in medicine without the whole technological system and everything that goes with it.” Everywhere i see know this advertisements about Forex thing, got attracted, started to read about it, but still really confused about What is forex . 1

Accelerating change

In futures studies and the history of technology, accelerating change is a perceived increase in the rate of technological change throughout history, which may suggest faster and more profound change in the future and may or may not be accompanied by equally profound social and cultural change.

In futures studies and the history of technology, accelerating change is a perceived increase in the rate of technological change throughout history, which may suggest faster and more profound change in the future and may or may not be accompanied by equally profound social and cultural change. == Early observations == In 1910 during the town planning conference of London Daniel Burnham noted that "But it is not merely in the number of facts or sorts of knowledge that progress lies : it is still more in the geometric ratio of sophistication, in the geometric widening of the sphere of knowledge, which every year is taking in a larger percentage of people as time goes on." and later on "It is the argument with which I began, that a mighty change having come about in fifty years, and our pace of development having- immensely accelerated, our sons and grandsons are going to demand and get results that would stagger us." In 1938, Buckminster Fuller introduced the word ephemeralization to describe the trends of "doing more with less" in chemistry, health and other areas of industrial development. In 1946, Fuller published a chart of the discoveries of the chemical elements over time to highlight the development of accelerating acceleration in human knowledge acquisition. In 1958, Stanislaw Ulam wrote in reference to a conversation with John von Neumann: One conversation centered on the ever accelerating progress of technology and changes in the mode of human life, which gives the appearance of approaching some essential singularity in the history of the race beyond which human affairs, as we know them, could not continue. == Moravec's Mind Children == In a series of published articles from 1974-1979, and then in his 1988 book Mind Children, computer scientist and futurist Hans Moravec generalizes Moore's law to make predictions about the future of artificial life. Moore's law describes an exponential growth pattern in the complexity of integrated semiconductor circuits. Moravec extends this to include technologies from long before the integrated circuit to future forms of technology. Moravec outlines a timeline and a scenario in which robots will evolve into a new series of artificial species, starting around 2030-2040. In Robot: Mere Machine to Transcendent Mind, published in 1998, Moravec further considers the implications of evolving robot intelligence, generalizing Moore's Law to technologies predating the integrated circuit, and also plotting the exponentially increasing computational power of the brains of animals in evolutionary history. Extrapolating these trends, he speculates about a coming "mind fire" of rapidly expanding superintelligence similar to the explosion of intelligence predicted by Vinge. == James Burke's Connections == In his TV series Connections (1978)—and sequels Connections² (1994) and Connections³ (1997)—James Burke explores an "Alternative View of Change" (the subtitle of the series) that rejects the conventional linear and teleological view of historical progress. Burke contends that one cannot consider the development of any particular piece of the modern world in isolation. Rather, the entire gestalt of the modern world is the result of a web of interconnected events, each one consisting of a person or group acting for reasons of their own motivations (e.g., profit, curiosity, religious) with no concept of the final, modern result to which the actions of either them or their contemporaries would lead. The interplay of the results of these isolated events is what drives history and innovation, and is also the main focus of the series and its sequels. Burke also explores three corollaries to his initial thesis. The first is that, if history is driven by individuals who act only on what they know at the time, and not because of any idea as to where their actions will eventually lead, then predicting the future course of technological progress is merely conjecture. Therefore, if we are astonished by the connections Burke is able to weave among past events, then we will be equally surprised to what the events of today eventually will lead, especially events we weren't even aware of at the time. The second and third corollaries are explored most in the introductory and concluding episodes, and they represent the downside of an interconnected history. If history progresses because of the synergistic interaction of past events and innovations, then as history does progress, the number of these events and innovations increases. This increase in possible connections causes the process of innovation to not only continue, but to accelerate. Burke poses the question of what happens when this rate of innovation, or more importantly change itself, becomes too much for the average person to handle, and what this means for individual power, liberty, and privacy. == Gerald Hawkins' Mindsteps == In his book "Mindsteps to the Cosmos" (HarperCollins, August 1983), Gerald S. Hawkins elucidated his notion of 'mindsteps', dramatic and irreversible changes to paradigms or world views. He identified five distinct mindsteps in human history, and the technology that accompanied these "new world views": the invention of imagery, writing, mathematics, printing, the telescope, rocket, radio, TV, computer... "Each one takes the collective mind closer to reality, one stage further along in its understanding of the relation of humans to the cosmos." He noted: "The waiting period between the mindsteps is getting shorter. One can't help noticing the acceleration." Hawkins' empirical 'mindstep equation' quantified this, and gave dates for future mindsteps. The date of the next mindstep (5; the series begins at 0) is given as 2021, with two further, successively closer mindsteps in 2045 and 2051, until the limit of the series in 2053. His speculations ventured beyond the technological: The mindsteps... appear to have certain things in common - a new and unfolding human perspective, related inventions in the area of memes and communications, and a long formulative waiting period before the next mindstep comes along. None of the mindsteps can be said to have been truly anticipated, and most were resisted at the early stages. In looking to the future we may equally be caught unawares. We may have to grapple with the presently inconceivable, with mind-stretching discoveries and concepts. == Vinge's exponentially accelerating change == The mathematician Vernor Vinge popularized his ideas about exponentially accelerating technological change in the science fiction novel Marooned in Realtime (1986), set in a world of rapidly accelerating progress leading to the emergence of more and more sophisticated technologies separated by shorter and shorter time intervals, until a point beyond human comprehension is reached. His subsequent Hugo award-winning novel A Fire Upon the Deep (1992) starts with an imaginative description of the evolution of a superintelligence passing through exponentially accelerating developmental stages ending in a transcendent, almost omnipotent power unfathomable by mere humans. His already mentioned influential 1993 paper on the technological singularity compactly summarizes the basic ideas. == Kurzweil's The Law of Accelerating Returns == In his 1999 book The Age of Spiritual Machines Ray Kurzweil proposed "The Law of Accelerating Returns", according to which the rate of change in a wide variety of evolutionary systems (including but not limited to the growth of technologies) tends to increase exponentially. He gave further focus to this issue in a 2001 essay entitled "The Law of Accelerating Returns". In it, Kurzweil, after Moravec, argued for extending Moore's Law to describe exponential growth of diverse forms of technological progress. Whenever a technology approaches some kind of a barrier, according to Kurzweil, a new technology will be invented to allow us to cross that barrier. He cites numerous past examples of this to substantiate his assertions. He predicts that such paradigm shifts have and will continue to become increasingly common, leading to "technological change so rapid and profound it represents a rupture in the fabric of human history." He believes the Law of Accelerating Returns implies that a technological singularity will occur before the end of the 21st century, around 2045. The essay begins: An analysis of the history of technology shows that technological change is exponential, contrary to the common-sense 'intuitive linear' view. So we won't experience 100 years of progress in the 21st century—it will be more like 20,000 years of progress (at today's rate). The 'returns,' such as chip speed and cost-effectiveness, also increase exponentially. There's even exponential growth in the rate of exponential growth. Within a few decades, machine intelligence will surpass human intelligence, leading to the Singularity—technological change so rapid and profound it represents a rupture in the fabric of human history. The implications include the merger of biological and nonbiological intelligence, immortal software-based humans, and ultra-high levels of intelligence that expand outward in the universe at the speed of light. The Law of Accelerating Returns has in many ways altered public perception of Moore's law. It is a common (but mistaken) belief that Moore's law makes predictions regarding all forms of technology, when really it only concerns semiconductor circuits. Many futurists still use the term "Moore's law" to describe ideas like those put forth by Moravec, Kurzweil and others. According to Kurzweil, since the beginning of evolution, more complex life forms have been evolving exponentially faster, with shorter and shorter intervals between the emergence of radically new life forms, such as human beings, who have the capacity to engineer (intentionally to design with efficiency) a new trait which replaces relatively blind evolutionary mechanisms of selection for efficiency. By extension, the rate of technical progress amongst humans has also been exponentially increasing, as we discover more effective ways to do things, we also discover more effective ways to learn, i.e. language, numbers, written language, philosophy, scientific method, instruments of observation, tallying devices, mechanical calculators, computers, each of these major advances in our ability to account for information occur increasingly close together. Already within the past sixty years, life in the industrialized world has changed almost beyond recognition except for living memories from the first half of the 20th century. This pattern will culminate in unimaginable technological progress in the 21st century, leading to a singularity. Kurzweil elaborates on his views in his books The Age of Spiritual Machines and The Singularity Is Near. == Limits of accelerating change == Accelerating change may not be restricted to the Anthropocene, but a general and predictable developmental feature of the universe. The physical processes that generate an acceleration such as Moore’s law are positive feedback loops giving rise to exponential or superexponential technological change. This dynamics leads to increasingly efficient and dense configurations of Space, Time, Energy, and Matter (STEM efficiency and density, or STEM "compression”). At the physical limit, this developmental process of accelerating change leads to black hole density organizations, a conclusion also reached by studies of the ultimate physical limits of computation in the universe,. Applying this vision to the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, it leads to the idea that advanced intelligent life reconfigure itself into a black hole. Such advanced life forms would be interested in inner space, rather than outer space and interstellar expansion. They would thus in some way transcend reality, not be observable and it would be a solution to Fermi’s paradox called the “transcension hypothesis”,,. Another solution is that the black holes we observe could actually be interpreted as intelligent super-civilizations feeding on stars, or “stellivores”,. This dynamics of evolutionary and development invites to study the universe itself as evolving, developing. If the universe is a kind of superorganism, it may possibly tend to reproduce, naturally or artificially, with intelligent life playing a role,,. == Criticisms == Examples of large human "buy-ins" into technology include the computer revolution, as well as massive government projects like the Manhattan Project and the Human Genome Project. The foundation organizing the Methuselah Mouse Prize believes aging research could be the subject of such a massive project if substantial progress is made in slowing or reversing cellular aging in mice. Both Theodore Modis and Jonathan Huebner have argued—each from different perspectives—that the rate of technological innovation has not only ceased to rise, but is actually now declining. In fact, "technological singularity" is just one of a few singularities detected through the analysis of a number of characteristics of the World System development, for example, with respect to the world population, world GDP, and some other economic indices. It has been shown that the hyperbolic pattern of the world demographic, economic, cultural, urbanistic, and technological growth (observed for many centuries, if not millennia prior to the 1970s) could be accounted for by a rather simple mechanism, the nonlinear second-order positive feedback, that was shown long ago to generate precisely the hyperbolic growth, known also as the "blow-up regime" (implying just finite-time singularities). In our case this nonlinear second order positive feedback looks as follows: more people – more potential inventors – faster technological growth – the carrying capacity of the Earth grows faster – faster population growth – more people – more potential inventors – faster technological growth, and so on. On the other hand, this research has shown that since the 1970s the World System does not develop hyperbolically any more, its development diverges more and more from the blow-up regime, and at present it is moving "from singularity", rather than "toward singularity". Jürgen Schmidhuber calls the Singularity "Omega", referring to Teilhard de Chardin's Omega Point (1916). For Omega = 2040, he says the series Omega - 2ⁿ human lifetimes (n < 10; one lifetime = 80 years) roughly matches the most important events in human history. == Gallery == Kurzweil created the following graphs to illustrate his beliefs concerning and his justification for his Law of Accelerating Returns.1

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Dwight Johnson (politician)<EOT>1

Dwight Johnson (politician)

Dwight Lyman Johnson (March 26, 1898 – June 3, 1972) was a physician and a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1943 to 1945. Elected as a member of the Manitoba Cooperative Commonwealth Federation, Johnson had a tenuous relationship with the party leadership and was expelled from the party caucus in 1945. After leaving the legislature, he became a member of the communist Labor-Progressive Party. Johnson was born in Rapid City, Manitoba. His ancestors had moved from Pennsylvania to Ontario in the late eighteenth century. Many were Quakers, and almost all were farmers. He was educated in Rapid City, and at the Brandon Normal School, Brandon College and the Manitoba Medical College. He received a degree in medicine in 1926. He served in the ranks of the 27th Battalion during World War I, and was awarded a Military Medal and recommended for a commission. From 1926 to 1931, he served in the Philippines as a hospital superintendent. On returning to Manitoba, he served on the Brandon School Board and the Brandon Health Unit from 1937 to 1943. Johnson became politically active during this period. He was a member of the Brandon Reconstruction Club in the 1930s, a local division of the Canadian League for Social Reconstruction. In 1936, he became a vice-president of the Brandon CCF club. Johnson was a vocal proponent of socialism, and criticized others in the party who were reluctant to use the term openly. He was elected to the Manitoba legislature in a by-election held in the Brandon constituency on November 18, 1943. Along with Beresford Richards, who had been elected for The Pas earlier in the year, he soon became a prominent figure on the party's left-wing. The CCF was the official opposition party during this period, and Johnson distinguished himself in the legislature as his party's health and welfare critic. Since the 1930s, Johnson had called for cooperation among Canada's left-wing parties. In 1945, this position caused both Johnson and Richards to be expelled from the CCF caucus. Johnson and Richards argued that the CCF should promote friendly relations with the Soviet Union after World War II, and should seek cooperation with other progressive and working-class parties to prevent the Conservatives from returning to power at the federal level. This strategy of cooperation was identical to that favoured by the Labor-Progressive Party in 1945. Many in the CCF believed Johnson and Richards were directly influenced by the LPP, and accused them of disrupting the party. After Richards made their position public in a speech to the legislature, the provincial CCF council suspended both MLAs from the party. Johnson and Richards sat in the legislature as independent members, and sought re-election as "Independent CCF" candidates in the 1945 provincial election. Richards was re-elected, and later returned to the CCF fokd. Johnson faced opposition from an official CCF candidate, however, and finished third. The winner in Brandon was Leslie McDorman from the Liberal-Progressive party. Johnson appealed for reinstatement to the CCF after the election, but was rejected at the party's December 1945 convention. Unlike Richards, whose motivations in 1945 have been described as "naive and confused", Johnson's personal philosophy had shifted to Marxism by this period. He joined the Labor-Progressive Party a few years after his expulsion from the CCF. In 1949, he accused social democratic parties such as the CCF of being traitors to the working-class, and of propping up the existing capitalist order. Johnson ran as an independent candidate in the riding of Brandon in the 1949 federal election. Interestingly, neither the CCF nor the LPP endorsed an official candidate, leaving Johnson as the de facto candidate of a united left. He finished a distant third, behind Liberal James Ewen Matthews . Johnson later attended the Asia and Pacific Rim Peace Conference in the People's Republic of China in 1952, during the period of the Korean War.1

Dwight Lyman Johnson (March 26, 1898 – June 3, 1972) was a physician and a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1943 to 1945. Elected as a member of the Manitoba Cooperative Commonwealth Federation, Johnson had a tenuous relationship with the party leadership and was expelled from the party caucus in 1945. After leaving the legislature, he became a member of the communist Labor-Progressive Party. Johnson was born in Rapid City, Manitoba. His ancestors had moved from Pennsylvania to Ontario in the late eighteenth century. Many were Quakers, and almost all were farmers. He was educated in Rapid City, and at the Brandon Normal School, Brandon College and the Manitoba Medical College. He received a degree in medicine in 1926. He served in the ranks of the 27th Battalion during World War I, and was awarded a Military Medal and recommended for a commission. From 1926 to 1931, he served in the Philippines as a hospital superintendent. On returning to Manitoba, he served on the Brandon School Board and the Brandon Health Unit from 1937 to 1943. Johnson became politically active during this period. He was a member of the Brandon Reconstruction Club in the 1930s, a local division of the Canadian League for Social Reconstruction. In 1936, he became a vice-president of the Brandon CCF club. Johnson was a vocal proponent of socialism, and criticized others in the party who were reluctant to use the term openly. He was elected to the Manitoba legislature in a by-election held in the Brandon constituency on November 18, 1943. Along with Beresford Richards, who had been elected for The Pas earlier in the year, he soon became a prominent figure on the party's left-wing. The CCF was the official opposition party during this period, and Johnson distinguished himself in the legislature as his party's health and welfare critic. Since the 1930s, Johnson had called for cooperation among Canada's left-wing parties. In 1945, this position caused both Johnson and Richards to be expelled from the CCF caucus. Johnson and Richards argued that the CCF should promote friendly relations with the Soviet Union after World War II, and should seek cooperation with other progressive and working-class parties to prevent the Conservatives from returning to power at the federal level. This strategy of cooperation was identical to that favoured by the Labor-Progressive Party in 1945. Many in the CCF believed Johnson and Richards were directly influenced by the LPP, and accused them of disrupting the party. After Richards made their position public in a speech to the legislature, the provincial CCF council suspended both MLAs from the party. Johnson and Richards sat in the legislature as independent members, and sought re-election as "Independent CCF" candidates in the 1945 provincial election. Richards was re-elected, and later returned to the CCF fokd. Johnson faced opposition from an official CCF candidate, however, and finished third. The winner in Brandon was Leslie McDorman from the Liberal-Progressive party. Johnson appealed for reinstatement to the CCF after the election, but was rejected at the party's December 1945 convention. Unlike Richards, whose motivations in 1945 have been described as "naive and confused", Johnson's personal philosophy had shifted to Marxism by this period. He joined the Labor-Progressive Party a few years after his expulsion from the CCF. In 1949, he accused social democratic parties such as the CCF of being traitors to the working-class, and of propping up the existing capitalist order. Johnson ran as an independent candidate in the riding of Brandon in the 1949 federal election. Interestingly, neither the CCF nor the LPP endorsed an official candidate, leaving Johnson as the de facto candidate of a united left. He finished a distant third, behind Liberal James Ewen Matthews . Johnson later attended the Asia and Pacific Rim Peace Conference in the People's Republic of China in 1952, during the period of the Korean War.1

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Bakhodir Jalolov<EOT>1

Bakhodir Jalolov

Bakhodir Jalolov (born 8 July 1994) is a Uzbekistani boxer. He competed in the men's super heavyweight event at the 2016 Summer Olympics. He defeated Edgar Muñoz of Venezuela by TKO in the round of 16. He was defeated by eventual silver medalist, Joe Joyce of Great Britain in the quarterfinals. Jalolov was the flagbearer for Uzbekistan during the opening ceremony.1

Bakhodir Jalolov (born 8 July 1994) is a Uzbekistani boxer. He competed in the men's super heavyweight event at the 2016 Summer Olympics. He defeated Edgar Muñoz of Venezuela by TKO in the round of 16. He was defeated by eventual silver medalist, Joe Joyce of Great Britain in the quarterfinals. Jalolov was the flagbearer for Uzbekistan during the opening ceremony.1

0.1829

University—Rosedale<EOT>1

University—Rosedale

University—Rosedale is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2015.

University—Rosedale is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2015. == History == University—Rosedale was created by the 2012 federal electoral boundaries redistribution and was legally defined in the 2013 representation order. It came into effect upon the call of the 42nd Canadian federal election in October 2015. The riding was created out of the northern parts of the electoral districts of Trinity—Spadina and Toronto Centre. == Geography == The riding includes the Toronto neighbourhoods of Rosedale, Yorkville, the Annex, and Little Italy, among others. == Members of Parliament == This riding has elected the following Members of Parliament: == Election results == 1

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Thick-billed ground pigeon<EOT>1

Thick-billed ground pigeon

The thick-billed ground pigeon (Trugon terrestris), also known as the jungle pigeon or the slaty/grey ground pigeon, is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is monotypic within the genus Trugon. Native to New Guinea, its natural habitat is moist tropical lowland forest.

The thick-billed ground pigeon (Trugon terrestris), also known as the jungle pigeon or the slaty/grey ground pigeon, is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is monotypic within the genus Trugon. Native to New Guinea, its natural habitat is moist tropical lowland forest. == Description == This robust species grows to a length of 33 cm (13 in); the sexes are similar in appearance. The upper parts are a uniform bluish-grey or brownish-grey, the breast is grey and the belly orangey-buff. The beak is broad with a pale tip, the ear coverts are pale and there is a short crest on the nape. The underwing coverts are boldly streaked in black and white but the tail is unbanded. The legs are pink. == Distribution and habitat == The range is restricted to the island of New Guinea. Its habitat is lowland forest at altitudes up to about 650 m (2,000 ft). Although usually found in primary humid forest, it seems to be able to make use of partially cleared areas. == Ecology == The thick-billed ground pigeon usually forages alone, but is sometimes seen in pairs. It is generally shy, staying mainly on the ground and running away into the undergrowth when disturbed, but launching itself vigorously into the air with rapidly beating wings when it feels threatened. It flicks its tail downwards frequently as it walks. It feeds on fruits and seeds that have fallen to the ground. It picks up fruit with its beak and hammers it on the ground to split it, exposing and eating the seeds. Small items are swallowed whole. It sometimes visits the display arenas of the magnificent bird-of-paradise in order to forage for regurgitated seeds. This bird roosts at night on low branches. Breeding seems to take place at any time of year, with nests having been found between February and October. The nest is a hollow in the ground, perhaps concealed between the buttress roots of a large tree. It may be unlined or may incorporate a few twigs or leaves, or may be rather more elaborate. A single white egg is laid and is incubated by both parents, the male routinely sitting during the daytime. The fledged chick stays in its parents' territory for about a month. == Status == T. terrestris is generally uncommon; in one area it was estimated that one bird was present in every 10 hectares (25 acres). However, it has a very wide range and does not seem to be subject to any particular threats, so the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".1

0.1831

Hope & Ruin<EOT>1

Hope & Ruin

Hope & Ruin is the fourth full-length studio album by Canadian rock band The Trews. It was released in Canada on April 12, 2011, and it peaked at #9 on the Canadian Albums Chart.

Hope & Ruin is the fourth full-length studio album by Canadian rock band The Trews. It was released in Canada on April 12, 2011, and it peaked at #9 on the Canadian Albums Chart. == Track listing == All tracks written by The Trews (Colin MacDonald, John-Angus MacDonald, Jack Syperek and Sean Dalton) and Gord Sinclair, unless otherwise noted. "Misery Loves Company" - 2:59 "One By One" - 3:42 "People of the Deer" - 4:03 "Stay With Me" - 3:45 "Hope & Ruin" - 4:01 "If You Wanna Start Again" - 4:37 "The World, I Know" (The Trews, Gord Sinclair, Dave Rave) - 2:42 "Dreaming Man" - 3:53 "I'll Find Someone Who Will" (The Trews, Gord Sinclair, Ron Hynes) - 3:42 "Love Is The Real Thing" - 3:06 "Burned" - 5:09 "You Gotta Let Me In" - 3:021

0.1832

Condon, Montana<EOT>1

Condon, Montana

Condon is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Missoula County, Montana, United States. Located along the Swan River and MT-Hwy 83, Condon is situated between the Swan Mountain Range and the Mission Mountains with close proximity to the Bob Marshall Wilderness Area and Holland Lake. Its population was 343 as of the 2010 census. Condon is the site of a U.S. post office, using ZIP Code 59826, which opened on July 1, 1952. Mission Mountain School is located in the community and the U.S. Forest Service operates an airport in Condon.

Condon is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Missoula County, Montana, United States. Located along the Swan River and MT-Hwy 83, Condon is situated between the Swan Mountain Range and the Mission Mountains with close proximity to the Bob Marshall Wilderness Area and Holland Lake. Its population was 343 as of the 2010 census. Condon is the site of a U.S. post office, using ZIP Code 59826, which opened on July 1, 1952. Mission Mountain School is located in the community and the U.S. Forest Service operates an airport in Condon. == Climate == This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Condon has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.1

0.1833

Steve Stockman<EOT>“This is not a news publication, period. That being said, the person who has prepared this has taken care to avoid any press advocacy. I don’t think this sham newspaper triggers the ‘paid for by’ disclaimers.” Paul Ryan, Senior Counsel at the Campaign Legal Center, told Sunlight . However, “[I]t looks, quite possibly, like a violation on the ban of in-kind corporate contributions in the form of republished campaign materials.” 1

Steve Stockman

Stephen Ernest "Steve" Stockman (born November 14, 1956) is an American politician and member of the Republican Party. He served as the U.S. Representative for Texas's 9th congressional district from 1995 to 1997 and for Texas's 36th congressional district from 2013 to 2015. Stockman ran in the 2014 election for the United States Senate but lost the Republican primary to incumbent Senator John Cornyn.

Stephen Ernest "Steve" Stockman (born November 14, 1956) is an American politician and member of the Republican Party. He served as the U.S. Representative for Texas's 9th congressional district from 1995 to 1997 and for Texas's 36th congressional district from 2013 to 2015. Stockman ran in the 2014 election for the United States Senate but lost the Republican primary to incumbent Senator John Cornyn. == Early life, education, and business career == Stockman was born in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, outside Detroit. He graduated from Dondero High School in Royal Oak, Michigan. From 1985 to 1986, he attended San Jacinto College but dropped out because he suffered from what he called "partying syndrome". In 1977, when Stockman was twenty, police officers found valium in his possession. He was charged with felony possession of a controlled substance, but the charge was later dropped. He later became a born-again Christian. In 1990, he earned a bachelor's degree in accounting from the University of Houston–Clear Lake. He worked as a computer salesman in Friendswood, Texas. == Criminal case == In March 2017, Stockman was arrested for allegedly conspiring to use contributions designated for a charity to fund his campaign and for personal use, a felony, under 18 U.S.C. § 371. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), in January 2013, Stockman requested and received $350,000 in donations from an unidentified businessman. Stockman allegedly solicited the money by using the name of Life Without Limits, a Las Vegas-based nonprofit intended to help people who have experienced traumatic events. The donation was allegedly intended to be used to renovate the Freedom House in Washington D.C. Stockman has also been charged with conspiracy to falsify statements when reporting contributions to try launder the money. The FBI alleges that at the time of the events in question, Stockman had no formal control of the Life Without Limits organization, but that he had opened multiple bank accounts under the name "Stephen E Stockman dba Life Without Limits." The FBI also alleges that financial records indicate that Stockman "made no significant expenditures toward the purchase, renovation, or operation of the 'Freedom House,' which was never opened." Federal prosecutors allege that Stockman conspired with Thomas Dodd, a former campaign worker and congressional special assistant. According to the Houston Chronicle, the alleged conspiracy involved attempts “to bilk conservative foundations out of at least $775,000 in donations meant for charitable purposes or voter education”. Dodd was indicted by a Federal grand jury in Houston and, on March 20, 2017, he pleaded guilty. Sentencing for Dodd is set for August 3, 2017. On March 28, 2017, a federal grand jury issued a 28-count indictment of Stockman. He was accused of obtaining $1.25 million under false pretenses and using the funds for his political campaigns. Also indicted was Jason Posey, the former director of special projects in Stockman’s congressional office. Stockman was charged with eleven counts of money laundering, eight counts of mail and wire fraud, one count of conspiracy to make "conduit contributions" and false statements (conspiracy to conceal the real source of the contributions by false attribution), two counts of making false statements to the Federal Election Commission, one count of making excessive contributions, and one count of willfully filing a false 2013 Federal income tax return by not reporting some of his income. Posey was charged with six counts of money laundering, four counts of mail and wire fraud, one count of conspiracy to make conduit contributions and false statements, two counts of making false statements to the Federal Election Commission, one count of making excessive contributions, and one count of falsification of records. Due to its complexity and the need for time to review 142,378 pages of documents disclosed by the prosecution, a motion for postponement of Stockman's trail by his court-appointed attorney was granted. It is now scheduled to begin on January 29, 2018. == U.S. House of Representatives (1995–1997) == == Elections == 1990 Stockman's first run for Congress was in March 1990 in Texas's 9th congressional district. The district, anchored by Beaumont and Galveston, had been represented by Democratic Representative Jack Brooks since 1953. His primary challenger was Mayor Maury Meyers of Beaumont. Oliver North made appearances at two of Stockman's fundraisers. Meyers got 44.3% of the primary vote; Stockman, 41%. Since no candidate had a majority, there was a runoff election and, with the support of third-place finisher Steve Clifford, Meyers beat Stockman to win the Republican nomination. 1992 Stockman ran again in 1992 for the House in District 9. This time he was unopposed in the primary. The 1992 Republican National Convention was held in Houston in August of that year. Stockman organized a "congressional cruise" on the Houston Ship Channel as a fundraising opportunity, but no members of Congress attended. Democrat Brooks defeated him 56% to 44%. 1994 Stockman ran again for House District 9 in 1994. He had two challengers in the Republican primary: John LeCour and James Milburn. Stockman finished the primary with a landslide 74%. His Democratic opponent in the general election was, as before, incumbent Jack Brooks. Initially the National Rifle Association (NRA) endorsed Brooks and even donated $5,000 to his cause, while the Gun Owners of America endorsed Stockman. However, a number of NRA members threatened to resign from the organization over the issue and the NRA withdrew their support for Brooks, remaining neutral in the race. In a major upset, Stockman beat Brooks, who, had he won, would have become Dean of the United States House of Representatives, by 51% to 49%. 1996 Stockman ran unopposed in the 1996 Republican primary. In July a federal court ordered the boundaries of 13 Texas House districts to be redrawn because of racial gerrymandering, although Stockman's district was barely affected. Stockman won a plurality in the November election with 46%, forcing a runoff against Democratic Jefferson County assessor Nick Lampson in the runoff election. Lampson won the runoff election with 53% of the vote == Tenure == During his 1995 term, Stockman opposed the U.S. bailout of the Mexican peso In 1995, Stockman wrote an article for Guns & Ammo claiming that the Waco siege had been orchestrated by the Clinton administration in order "to prove the need for a ban on so-called 'assault weapons.'" He wrote further that "[h]ad Bill Clinton really been unhappy with what Attorney General Janet Reno ordered, he would not only have fired her, he would have had Reno indicted for premeditated murder." After the article was published, Stockman's office denied that he believed in Waco "conspiracy theories." In 1995, Stockman called for a Congressional investigation into Alfred Kinsey's 1948 study Sexual Behavior in the Human Male after learning that Kinsey had used data from the diary of a pedophile. Stockman believed that the allegations discredited current theories of sexual education in the United States, writing to his congressional colleagues that"[o]ur children have been taught that . . . any type of sex is a valid outlet for their emotions. They are taught that the problem with sex is not that it is wrong to engage in homosexual, bestial, underage, or premarital sex, but that it is wrong to do so without protection." == Committee assignments == House Committee on Banking and Financial Services Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations House Committee on Science Subcommittee on Energy Subcommittee on Environment == Inter-congressional career (1997–2013) == In 1998, Stockman ran unsuccessfully in the Republican primary for the Texas Railroad Commission. Between 2005 and 2007, Stockman worked with the conservative Leadership Institute as director of its Campus Leadership Program. In 2006, he attempted to run as an Independent candidate for Texas's 22nd congressional district, Tom DeLay's former seat, and even though he had enough signatures to qualify for ballot access, the Texas Secretary of State invalidated enough signatures to make him ineligible. Stockman registered for the special election to fill out the remainder of DeLay's term; he was one of five candidates. He finished third, with 10.75% of the vote. During his time away from Congress, Stockman also cared for his father, who had Alzheimer's disease. The cost of caring for him drove Stockman to declare bankruptcy and, when his father's disease became too severe, Stockman moved him to a veteran's home. When his father died, Stockman decided to run for Congress in the 2012 elections. == U.S. House of Representatives (2013–2015) == == Election == In 2011 Stockman formed an exploratory committee, Friends of Steve Stockman, to consider a run for the 14th district seat being vacated by unsuccessful presidential candidate Ron Paul. Stockman instead ran in 2012 in the newly created 36th District. This includes the Harris County portion of Friendswood, where Stockman's home was located. It was drawn to be heavily Republican, and it was understood that whoever won the Republican primary would be the district's first congressman. In the May 29 primary, Stockman finished second in the first round, behind Stephen Vincent Takach, a financial planner. Takach finished with 22 percent of the vote, far short of the 50 percent threshold required to win. Stockman defeated Takach in the July 31 runoff 55%–45%, all but assuring his return to Congress after a 16-year absence. In the November general election, Stockman defeated Democrat Max Owen Martin, a retired pilot from Clear Lake City, Texas, with 71% of the vote. == Tenure == In 2013, Stockman was one of ten Republicans who did not vote for John Boehner (R-OH) for Speaker of the House; he was the only representative to vote "Present" as his protest vote. Stockman opposes the Affordable Care Act (ACA). In 2013, Stockman supported a government shutdown caused by Republican members of Congress who sought to block a continuing resolution that includes funding for the Affordable Care Act. Stockman's last-minute decision to challenge Cornyn in the Republican primary for Senate was "sparked in part by Cornyn's role in helping end" the federal shutdown. In January 2013, Stockman introduced the "Safe Schools Act," a bill that would repeal the Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990. Stockman introduced the bill following the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting. He asserted that "By disarming qualified citizens and officials in schools we have created a dangerous situation for our children." The same month, Stockman issued a press release condemning gun control executive orders issued by President Barack Obama post-Sandy Hook, stating, "I will seek to thwart this action by any means necessary, including but not limited to eliminating funding for implementation, defunding the White House, and even filing articles of impeachment." In February 2013, Stockman voted against the re-authorization of the Violence Against Women Act, objecting to provisions in the bill that expanded protections for transgender victims of domestic violence. Stockman said, "This is helping the liberals, this is horrible. Unbelievable. What really bothers—it's called a women's act, but then they have men dressed up as women, they count that. Change-gender, or whatever. How is that—how is that a woman?" On April 25, 2014, Stockman stated that the House Ethics Committee was investigating a campaign finance reporting error made by a former campaign worker. Stockman stated that the mistake was corrected soon after he learned of it, and that the worker had been removed from the campaign organization. == Committee assignments == Committee on Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights and International Organizations Subcommittee on Europe, Eurasia and Emerging Threats Committee on Science, Space and Technology Subcommittee on Research Subcommittee on Space == 2014 U.S. Senate election == On December 9, 2013, Stockman filed for the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate for Texas against incumbent U.S. Senator John Cornyn. On March 4, 2014, Stockman polled 250,759 votes (19.2 percent) in his bid for the Republican nomination for the Senate. He placed second in a field of eight candidates on the ballot. Cornyn received 778,967 votes (59.44 percent). On election night, Stockman quickly conceded and called upon Texas Republicans to vote the straight party ticket on November 4, 2014. Meanwhile, Brian Babin won the seat for District 36 as Stockman did not contest this seat. == Political future == Stockman was a potential candidate for the Constitution Party nomination for President of the United States in the 2016 election. == Political positions == == Energy Independence == Congressman Stockman is a supporter of American Energy Independence and used his position during his tenure on the technology committee to question the EPA's technological criteria for evaluating applications on hydraulic fracking. He has worked on improving the current technologies being used on shale oil and gas production. He was a member of the carbon caucus, supports the keystone pipeline, use of coal, opening up federal lands for drilling as well as hydraulic fracking for shale oil and gas production. == Economy and jobs == Stockman has spoken out about the need to dredge and secure the Texas Ports like Houston, Cedar Bayou, Beaumont and Orange from which many of the Gulf Coast petrochemicals are shipped, providing a considerable number of jobs, as these ports are important to the Texan economy. The district includes Baytown, Pasadena, Deer Park, Mount Bellvieu and is the largest petrochemical industrial district in the United States. With the advent of production of shale gas, over 100 billion dollars are expected to be invested in the U.S. petrochemical sector over the next few years (most of it in Texas), and over 40 billion dollars in Stockman’s district, potentially creating numerous new jobs. These plants include ethylene crackers, PDH plants, methanol manufacturing facilities and others. Stockman has repeatedly appealed to the EPA to expedite permits for new plant construction. He has also called on Vice President Joe Biden to obtain a lifting of what he argues is an EPA blockade on American jobs. == Fiscal == Stockman cosponsored the 2013 Energy Freedom Prosperity Act that would have eliminated all energy-related tax subsidies. He sponsored the bill to defund "Obamacare". Stockman advocates abolishing the Internal Revenue Service and replacing the federal income tax with a flat tax.1

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Galah<EOT>Citation: BirdLife International. 2016. Eolophus roseicapilla. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22684758A93045379. . Downloaded on 26 September 2017. <doc-sep> The origin for this term is still disputed. E.M. Curr in Australian Race (1887) gives booramby meaning 'wild' in the language of the Pitjara (or Pidjara or Bidjara) people of the region at the headwaters of the Warrego and Nogoa Rivers in south-western Queensland. This is in the general location of the earliest evidence, but the language evidence has not been subsequently confirmed. This origin was popularised by Paterson in an introduction to his poem 'Brumby's run' printed in 1894. A common suggestion is that brumby derives from the proper name Brumby . This theory was also noted by E.E. Morris in Austral English in 1898: 'A different origin was, however, given by an old resident of New South Wales, to a lady of the name Brumby, viz. "that in the early days of that colony, a Lieutenant Brumby, who was on the staff of one of the Governors, imported some very good horses, and that some of their descendants being allowed to run wild became the ancestors of the wild horses of New South Wales and Queensland". Over the years, various Messrs Brumby have been postulated as the origin. More recently, Dymphna Lonergan suggested that the word comes from Irish word bromaigh, the plural form of the word for a young horse, or colt. For a more detailed discussion concerning the origin of the term brumby see the article 'Wild Horses Running Wild' in our Ozwords newsletter. 1

Galah

The galah /ɡəˈlɑː/ (Eolophus roseicapilla), also known as the rose-breasted cockatoo, galah cockatoo, roseate cockatoo or pink and grey, is one of the most common and widespread cockatoos, and it can be found in open country in almost all parts of mainland Australia. It is endemic on the mainland and was introduced to Tasmania, where its distinctive pink and grey plumage and its bold and loud behaviour make it a familiar sight in the bush and increasingly in urban areas. It appears to have benefited from the change in the landscape since European colonisation and may be replacing the Major Mitchell's cockatoo in parts of its range. The term galah is derived from gilaa, a word found in Yuwaalaraay and neighbouring Aboriginal languages.

The galah /ɡəˈlɑː/ (Eolophus roseicapilla), also known as the rose-breasted cockatoo, galah cockatoo, roseate cockatoo or pink and grey, is one of the most common and widespread cockatoos, and it can be found in open country in almost all parts of mainland Australia. It is endemic on the mainland and was introduced to Tasmania, where its distinctive pink and grey plumage and its bold and loud behaviour make it a familiar sight in the bush and increasingly in urban areas. It appears to have benefited from the change in the landscape since European colonisation and may be replacing the Major Mitchell's cockatoo in parts of its range. The term galah is derived from gilaa, a word found in Yuwaalaraay and neighbouring Aboriginal languages. == Description == Galahs are about 35 cm (14 in) long and weigh 270–350 g. They have a pale silver to mid-grey back, a pale grey rump, a pink face and chest, and a light pink mobile crest. They have a bone-coloured beak, and the bare skin of the eye rings is carunculated. They have grey legs. The sexes appear similar, however generally adult birds differ in the colour of the irises; the male has very dark brown (almost black) irises and the female has mid-brown or red irises. The colours of the juveniles are duller than the adults. Juveniles have greyish chests, crowns, and crests, and they have brown irises and whitish bare eye rings, which are not carunculated. == Distribution and habitat == Galahs are found in all Australian states, and are absent only from the driest areas and the far north of Cape York Peninsula. It is still uncertain whether they are native to Tasmania, though they are locally common today, especially in urban areas. They are common in some metropolitan areas, for example Adelaide, Perth and Melbourne, and common to abundant in open habitats which offer at least some scattered trees for shelter. The changes brought by European settlement, a disaster for many species, have been highly beneficial for the galah because of the clearing of forests in fertile areas and the provision of stock watering points in arid zones. Flocks of galahs will often congregate and forage on foot for food in open grassy areas. == Classification == The classification of the galah was difficult. It was separated in the monotypic genus Eolophus, but the further relationships were not clear. There are obvious morphological similarities between the galah and the white cockatoos that make up the genus Cacatua and indeed the galah was initially described as Cacatua roseicapilla. Early DNA studies allied the galah with the cockatiel or placed it close to some Cacatua species of completely different appearance. In consequence, it was thought that the ancestors of the galah, the cockatiel and Major Mitchell's cockatoo diverged from the main white cockatoo line at some stage prior to that group's main radiation; this was indeed correct except for the placement of the cockatiel. Ignorance of this fact, however, led to attempts to resolve the evolutionary history and prehistoric biogeography of the cockatoos, which ultimately proved fruitless because they were based on invalid assumptions to start with. It fell to the study of Brown & Toft (1999) to compare the previously available data with their mitochondrial 12S rRNA sequence research and resolve the issue. Today, the galah is seen, along with Major Mitchell's cockatoo, as an early divergence from the white cockatoo lineage which have not completely lost their ability to produce an overall pink (Major Mitchell's) or pink and grey (galah) body plumage, while already being light in colour and non-sexually dimorphic. The significance of these two (and other) characteristics shared by the Cacatuinae had previously been explained away in earlier studies by strict application of parsimony on misinterpreted data. == Subspecies == Three subspecies are usually recognised. There is slight variation in the colours of the plumage and in the extent of the carunculation of the eye rings among the three subspecies. The south-eastern form, E. r. albiceps, is clearly distinct from the paler-bodied Western Australian nominate subspecies, E. r. roseicapilla, although the extent and nature of the central hybrid zone remains undefined. Most pet birds outside Australia are the south-eastern form. The third form, E. r. kuhli, found right across the northern part of the continent, tends to be a little smaller and is distinguished by differences in the shape and colour of the crest, although its status as a valid subspecies is uncertain. == Breeding == The galah nests in tree cavities. The eggs are white and there are usually two or five in a clutch. The eggs are incubated for about 25 days, and both the male and female share the incubation. The chicks leave the nest about 49 days after hatching. == Life span == Living in captivity galahs can reach up to 70 to 80 years of age when a good quality diet is strictly followed. The galah socialises adequately and can engage playfully in entertainment activities to support the overall very intelligent nature of the bird. In their natural habitat the galah is unlikely to reach the age of 20 years. The average lifespan of all galahs is about 40 years of age. Like most other cockatoos, galahs create strong lifelong bonds with their partners. == Hybrids == Aviary-bred crosses of galahs and Major Mitchell's cockatoos have been bred in Sydney, with the tapered wings of the galah and the crest and colours of the Major Mitchell's, as well as its plaintive cry. The galah has also been shown to be capable of hybridising with the cockatiel, producing offspring described by the media as 'galatiels'. galahs are known to join flocks of little corellas (Cacatua sanguinea), and are known to breed with them also. A galah/sulphur-crested cockatoo hybrid which was hatched in 1920 was still living in the Adelaide zoo in the late 1970s, being displayed in a small cage alone near the entrance to an on-site cottage. The back feathers were a patchwork of grey tones and the breast feathers a soft apricot tone and the crest a slightly richer orange. The crest was longer that a galah crest but without the long curl of the sulphur-crested cockatoo. The bird was not significantly larger than a galah. == Cultural references == "Galah" is also derogatory Australian slang, synonymous with 'fool' or 'idiot'. Because of the bird's distinctive bright pink, it is also used for gaudy dress. A detailed, yet comedic description of the Australian slang term can be found in the standup comedy performance of Paul Hogan, titled Stand Up Hoges. Another famous user of the slang "galah" is Alf Stewart from Home and Away who is often heard saying "Flaming galah!" when he is riled by somebody. The Australian representative team of footballers which played a series of test matches of International rules football against Irish sides in the late 1960s was nicknamed "The galahs" (see "The Australian Football World Tour). == Namesake == Gulargambone, New South Wales == Cited texts == Dixon, R.M.W.; Moore, Bruce; Ramson, W. S.; Thomas, Mandy (2006). Australian Aboriginal Words in English: Their Origin and Meaning (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-554073-5. Forshaw, Joseph M. (2006). Parrots of the World; an Identification Guide. Illustrated by Frank Knight. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-09251-6.1

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The Ghost Goes Gear<EOT>1

The Ghost Goes Gear

The Ghost Goes Gear is a 1966 British musical comedy film directed by Hugh Gladwish and starring the Spencer Davis Group, Sheila White and Nicholas Parsons.

The Ghost Goes Gear is a 1966 British musical comedy film directed by Hugh Gladwish and starring the Spencer Davis Group, Sheila White and Nicholas Parsons. == Plot == A music group go to stay at the childhood home of their manager, a haunted manor house in the English countryside. == Cast == Spencer Davis Group as Themselves Nicholas Parsons as Algernon Rowthorpe Plumley Sheila White as Polly Lorne Gibson as Ghost / Himself Arthur Howard as Vicar Jack Haig as Old Edwards Joan Ingram as Lady Rowthorpe Tony Sympson as Lord Plumley Emmett Hennessy as Butch Robert Langley as Little Boy Bernard Stone as Cockney Dad Janet Davies as Cockney Wife Huw Thomas as News presenter St. Louis Union as Themselves The Three Bells as Themselves Dave Berry as Himself Acker Bilk as Himself1

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Coralie Clarke Rees<EOT>1

Coralie Clarke Rees

Coralie Clarke, later Coralie Clarke Rees BA (23 October 1908 – 14 February 1972) was a Western Australian author.

Coralie Clarke, later Coralie Clarke Rees BA (23 October 1908 – 14 February 1972) was a Western Australian author. == History == Coralie was born in Perth, eldest daughter of Guildford "Gil" Clarke (1883–1949) and his wife Sylvia Clarke née Norton, of Mount Hawthorn. Gil Clarke, a champion bowler, was secretary of the WA Bowling Association for 11 years, and died on the Mt. Lawley bowling green. She was educated at While studying for her BA. at the University of Western Australia she contributed to the student newspaper Black Swan, acting as sub-editor to the editor, Leslie Rees. She was an active member of the Women's Service Guilds and honorary editor of its magazine The Dawn in 1929, while Bessie Rischbieth was overseas. She was active in student theatre, playing in The Whole Town's Talking by Anita Loos, and wrote a play Shielded Eyes for Perth Repertory Theatre, which was produced in March 1930, starring Paul Hasluck. She won a travelling scholarship to London University which she took up in 1931. She and Rees were married in London, where they lived until 1936. She got work as a drama critic and wrote bylined pieces about London for the West Australian and the Sydney Morning Herald. She also wrote for the Women's Weekly. They returned to Perth in March 1936, then to Sydney, where Leslie had secured a position with the Australian Broadcasting Commission as its first federal drama editor, and found a house in Neutral Bay, where they later brought up two daughters. That same year Coralie toured Australia and back to London as private secretary to Eileen Joyce, She continued to be active, writing plays for radio and making many radio appearances as a commentator on arts and women's affairs. She began suffering a debilitating spinal condition but continued to travel widely throughout Australia with Leslie and their two daughters, gaining knowledge and experiences which informed a series of radio talks and travel books. == Family == Coralie Clarke married Leslie Rees on 19 September 1931; they had two daughters: Megan Rees (30 August 1938 – ) Dymphna Rees, later Rees Peterson (c. 1941 – ) awarded Henry Lawson Poetry Prize for undergraduates in 1961. She wrote a history of her mother's time as editor of the Women's Guilds' publication The Dawn (see below).1

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Figure skating at the 2011 Winter Universiade – Ladies' singles<EOT>1

Figure skating at the 2011 Winter Universiade – Ladies' singles

Figure skating at the 2011 Winter Universiade included a ladies' event for senior level skaters. The short program was held on February 3 and the free skating on February 4, 2011.

Figure skating at the 2011 Winter Universiade included a ladies' event for senior level skaters. The short program was held on February 3 and the free skating on February 4, 2011. == Results == 1

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Paddy Hasty<EOT>1

Paddy Hasty

Patrick J. Hasty (17 March 1934 – August 2000) is a Northern Irish former footballer who represented Great Britain at the 1960 Summer Olympics. Hasty played as a centre forward for Tooting & Mitcham United, Leyton Orient, Queens Park Rangers, Aldershot and Guildford City.1

Patrick J. Hasty (17 March 1934 – August 2000) is a Northern Irish former footballer who represented Great Britain at the 1960 Summer Olympics. Hasty played as a centre forward for Tooting & Mitcham United, Leyton Orient, Queens Park Rangers, Aldershot and Guildford City.1

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Columbia River Treaty<EOT>1

Columbia River Treaty

The Columbia River Treaty is a 1964 agreement between Canada and the United States on the development and operation of dams in the upper Columbia River basin for power and flood control benefits in both countries. Four dams were constructed under this treaty: three in British Columbia, Canada (Duncan Dam, Mica Dam, Keenleyside Dam) and one in Washington state in the United States (Libby Dam). The treaty provided for the sharing with Canada of one-half of the downstream U.S. power and flood benefits, and allows the operation of Treaty storage for other benefits. The long-term impacts of the treaty have been mixed: while the dams have provided enormous economic benefits to British Columbia and the U.S. Pacific Northwest through hydroelectric generation and flood control, there are longstanding concerns regarding social and economic impacts to the local communities, and the environmental effects associated with the construction and operation of large dams.

The Columbia River Treaty is a 1964 agreement between Canada and the United States on the development and operation of dams in the upper Columbia River basin for power and flood control benefits in both countries. Four dams were constructed under this treaty: three in British Columbia, Canada (Duncan Dam, Mica Dam, Keenleyside Dam) and one in Washington state in the United States (Libby Dam). The treaty provided for the sharing with Canada of one-half of the downstream U.S. power and flood benefits, and allows the operation of Treaty storage for other benefits. The long-term impacts of the treaty have been mixed: while the dams have provided enormous economic benefits to British Columbia and the U.S. Pacific Northwest through hydroelectric generation and flood control, there are longstanding concerns regarding social and economic impacts to the local communities, and the environmental effects associated with the construction and operation of large dams. == Background == In 1944, the Canadian and U.S. governments agreed to begin studying the potential for joint development of dams in the Columbia River basin. Planning efforts were slow until a 1948 Columbia River flood caused extensive damage from Trail, British Columbia, to near Astoria, Oregon, completely destroying Vanport, the second largest city in Oregon. The increased interest in flood protection and the growing need for power development initiated 11 years of discussion and alternative proposals for construction of dams in Canada. In 1959, the governments issued a report that recommended principles for negotiating an agreement and apportioning the costs and benefits. Formal negotiations began in February 1960 and the Treaty was signed 17 January 1961 by Prime Minister Diefenbaker and President Eisenhower. The treaty was not implemented, however, until over three years later due to difficulties in creating arrangements for funding the construction of the Canadian dams and marketing the electrical power owed to Canada which was surplus to Canadian needs during the early treaty years. A Treaty Protocol and a Canada-B.C. agreement were signed in January 1964 that limited and clarified many treaty provisions, defined rights and obligations between the British Columbia and Canadian governments, and allowed for the sale of the Canadian Entitlement to downstream U.S. power benefits. Instruments of ratification were exchanged and the treaty was implemented on 16 September 1964. == United States == Starting in the 1930s, the United States constructed dams on the lower Columbia River for power generation, flood control, channel navigation, and irrigation in Washington as part of the Columbia Basin Project. Dam construction on the American side of the border thus began prior to the entry into force of the Columbia River Treaty. There were various plans put forward in the early 20th century for major dams on the Columbia, many focused on irrigation, but development did not begin in earnest until the 1930s. During the Great Depression, the US Federal Government provided the impetus for construction, as part of the New Deal make-work program. Construction on the Bonneville and Grand Coulee Dams began during this period, but government intervention in Columbia dam construction has continued through to the present. The long range plans for American development of the Columbia for hydroelectricity came together in the late 1930s. In 1937, the US Congress passed the Bonneville Power Act, creating the Bonneville Power Administration. This was a new federal institution meant to build transmission lines and sell the power generated by Bonneville, Grand Coulee and future Columbia Dams. While these projects substantially increased the ability to control floods and generate power, the system was unable to provide full protection or maximize the amount of power generated. American planners realized that the full potential of the river could only be harnessed through transboundary cooperation to create additional storage capacity above the existing lower Columbia complex. With the storage provided in Canada, water releases could be timed to meet power demand, rather than relying on the snowmelt-determined natural flow rates of the river. == Canada == In Canada, British Columbia Premier W.A.C. Bennett and his Social Credit Government were responsible for the development of infrastructure throughout the province during the 1950s and 1960s. Bennett was the Canadian force behind the Columbia River Treaty and as a believer in the development of public power, he created and promoted a “Two Rivers Policy”. This policy outlined the hydroelectric development of two major rivers within the province of British Columbia: the Peace River and the Columbia River. Bennett wanted to develop the Peace River to fuel northern expansion and development, while using the Columbia River to provide power to growing industries throughout the province. The ongoing negotiations of the Columbia River Treaty provided a unique opportunity for W.A.C. Bennett to fulfil his Two Rivers Policy by working around British Columbia's monetary issues. During the 1950s, the government of British Columbia lacked the funds necessary to develop both the Columbia and Peace rivers and privately owned utility BC Electric was unwilling to pay for hydroelectric development on these rivers. Therefore, the BC Energy Board recommended that hydroelectric development be undertaken as a public venture. On 1 August 1961 Bill 5 was proposed to the BC legislature calling for provincial control of BC Electric and the Peace River Power Development Company. Later that month, Bill 5 was passed into law paving the way for the creation of BC Hydro in 1963, completing Bennett’s vision of “public power”. BC Hydro thereafter consisted of BC Electric, the Peace River Power Development Company, and the BC Power Commission. The creation of a government owned power entity allowed Bennett to finance the powerhouses on the Columbia at lower interest rates, thus reducing the cost. Next, the BC-Canada Agreement 8 July 1963 designated BC Hydro as the entity responsible for Canadian dams outlined in the treaty, and annual operations of the treaty. Lastly, Bennett directed the negotiations for a Canadian Entitlement sales agreement which provided the funds to develop both the Columbia and the Peace rivers simultaneously. Since it was illegal for Canada to export power during the 1950s and 1960s, the funds provided by the Columbia River Treaty entitlement were the only affordable way for British Columbia to develop both rivers, thus the Treaty became integral to Bennett's vision of power in British Columbia. With the cash received from the sale of the additional power generation of the Canadian Entitlement (approximately C$274.8 million in Sept. 1964 for the first 30 years) the BC government proceeded to develop power facilities on both the Columbia and Peace Rivers, fulfilling Bennett’s 'Two River Policy'. In short, BC pursued the Columbia River Treaty because it provided a unique opportunity for hydroelectric development that otherwise would not have been possible (due to the financial situation of the province during that period). It was the hope that these developments would promote industrial growth within the province and help expand the economy. == Treaty provisions == Under the terms of the agreement, Canada was required to provide 19.12 km³ (15.5 million acre-feet (Maf)) of usable reservoir storage behind three large dams. This was to be accomplished with 1.73 km³ (1.4 Maf) provided by Duncan Dam (1967), 8.76 km³ (7.1 Maf) provided by Arrow Dam (1968) [subsequently renamed the Hugh Keenleyside Dam], and 8.63 km³ (7.0 Maf) provided by Mica Dam (1973). The latter dam, however, was built higher than required by the Treaty, and thus provides a total of 14.80 km³ (12 Maf) including 6.17 km³ (5.0) Maf of Non Treaty Storage space. Unless otherwise agreed, the three Canadian Treaty projects are required to operate for flood protection and increased power generation at-site and downstream in both Canada and the United States, although the allocation of water storage operations among the three projects is at Canadian discretion. The downstream power and flood control benefits in the United States created by the operation of Canada's Treaty reservoirs are shared by the two countries in accordance with Treaty provisions. The Treaty also allowed the U.S. to build the Libby Dam on the Kootenai River in Montana which provides a further 6.14 km³ (4.98 Maf) of active storage in the Koocanusa reservoir. Although the name sounds like it might be of aboriginal origins, it is actually a concatenation of the first three letters from Kootenai / Kootenay, Canada and USA, and was the winning entry in a contest to name the reservoir. Water behind the Libby dam floods back 42 miles (68 km) into Canada, while the water released from the dam returns to Canada just upstream of Kootenay Lake. Libby Dam began operation in March 1972 and is operated for power, flood control, and other benefits at-site and downstream in both Canada and the United States. The U.S. did not pay Canada for the land submerged by Libby reservoir and Canada does not pay the U.S. for the resulting power and flood control benefits downstream on the Kootenay River. With the exception of the Mica Dam, which was designed and constructed with a powerhouse, the Canadian Treaty projects were initially built for the sole purpose of regulating water flow. In 2002, however, a joint venture between the Columbia Power Corporation and the Columbia Basin Trust constructed the 185 MW Arrow Lakes Hydro project in parallel with the Keenleyside Dam near Castlegar, 35 years after the storage dam was originally completed. The Duncan Dam remains a storage project, and has no power generation facilities. The Canadian and U.S. Entities defined by the Treaty, and appointed by the national governments, manage most of the Treaty required activities. The Canadian Entity is B.C. Hydro and Power Authority, and the U.S. Entity is the Administrator of the Bonneville Power Administration and the Northwestern Division Engineer for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The Treaty also established a Permanent Engineering Board, consisting of equal members from Canada and the U.S., that reports to both governments annually on Treaty issues, any deviations from the operating plans, and assists the Entities in resolving any disputes. == Payment for U.S. Benefits == As payment for the U.S. benefits realized by the Canadian storage operation, the Treaty required the U.S. to: 1) deliver to Canada one-half of the estimated increase in U.S. downstream power benefits, on an ongoing basis (the Canadian Entitlement), and 2) make a one-time monetary payment as each of the dams were completed for one-half of the value of the estimated future flood damages prevented in the U.S. The Canadian Entitlement is calculated five years in advance for each operating year using an agreed treaty calculation method, and the amount varies mainly as a function of forecasted power loads, thermal generating resources, and operating procedures. The method gives Canada a "first-added" storage benefit that ignores U.S. dams built after 1961 (e.g. Libby and Dworshak), limits sales of surplus power to California, and excludes modern fish related constraints at U.S. dams. Without the first two of these limits, the Canadian Entitlement would be slightly less than one-half current values. The Canadian Entitlement during the August 2012 through July 2013 operating year is 504.5 average annual megawatts of energy (reduced by 3.4% for transmission losses, net=~4,269 GWh), shaped hourly at peak rates up to 1321 MW (minus 1.9% for transmission losses, net = 1296 MW). The Canadian Entitlement is marketed by Powerex (electricity). The Canadian Entitlement varies from year to year, but is generally in the range of 4,400 GWh per year and about 1,250 MW of capacity. The Treaty required the U.S. to pay a total of $64.4 million (C$69.6 million) for the flood control benefits due to the operation of 8.45 Maf of Canadian storage. The payment was based on an allocation that: 1) gives Canada equal credit to U.S. projects existing in 1961 (better than first added), 2) ignores the flood control benefits provided by Libby and other post-1961 U.S. projects, and 3) also ignores the flood control benefits provided by the Canadian power storage operation that normally drafts far more than the 8.45 Maf flood control obligation. The estimated annual benefit was capitalized for an up-front payment based on a low U.S. interest rate of 3 7/8 percent for the flood damages prevented until Sept. 2024. The U.S. insisted on determining the payment based on benefits until 2024 because the alternative was to construct U.S. dams that would be fully paid for by then. Canada accepted the calculation method and explained to Parliament that the $64.4 million is 24% greater than the value to Canada at 5 1/2% interest of annual payments made in perpetuity. Absent any new agreements, the U.S. purchase of an annual operation of Canadian storage for flood control will expire in 2024 and be replaced with an option for the U.S. to "Call Upon" Canadian storage for flood control needs that cannot adequately be met by U.S. projects, and the U.S. must pay Canada for operating costs and any economic losses due to requested flood control operations. == Termination == The treaty has no end date, but it includes an option for either country to terminate most treaty provisions anytime after 60 years (i.e. 16 September 2024), given at least 10 years advance notice. If the treaty is terminated, several provisions continue including Called Upon flood control, operation and coordination of Libby, and Kootenay River diversion rights. The Canadian and US governments are reviewing the treaty before the 2014 opportunity for notice for earliest termination. Options generally fall into three categories: Continue the Treaty with the automatic change to called upon flood control, Terminate the treaty (with continued called upon flood control), or Negotiate changes to the treaty that modify the flood control and power obligations and/or create new provisions for other benefits, especially environmental objectives. The BC and US governments launched websites to inform and engage citizens about the review. == Impacts == There was initial controversy over the Columbia River Treaty when British Columbia refused to give consent to ratify it on the grounds that while the province would be committed to building the three major dams within its borders, it would have no assurance of a purchaser for the Canadian Entitlement which was surplus to the province's needs at the time. The final ratification came in 1964 when a consortium of 37 public and four private utilities in the United States agreed to pay C$274.8 million to purchase the Canadian Entitlement for a period of 30 years from the scheduled completion date of each of the Canadian projects. British Columbia used these funds, along with the U.S. payment of C$69.6 million for U.S. flood control benefits, to construct the Canadian dams. In recent years, the Treaty has garnered significant attention, not because of what it contains, but because of what it is lacking. A reflection of the times in which it was negotiated, the Treaty's emphasis is on hydroelectricity and flood control. The "Assured Operating Plans" that determine the Canadian Entitlement amounts and establish a base operation for Canadian Treaty storage, include little direct treatment of other interests that have grown in importance over the years, such as fish protection, irrigation and other environmental concerns. However, the Treaty permits the Entities to incorporate a broad range of interests into the "Detailed Operating Plans" that are agreed to immediately prior to the operating year, and which modify the "Assured Operating Plans" to produce results more advantageous to both countries. For more than 20 years, the "Detailed Operating Plans" have included a growing number of fish-friendly operations designed to address environmental concerns on both sides of the border. BC Premier W.A.C. Bennett was a major player in negotiating the treaty and, according to U.S. Senator Clarence Dill, was a tough bargainer. The U.S. paid C$275 million, which accrued to C$458 million after interest. But Bennett's successor Dave Barrett was skeptical about the deal; he observed that the three dams and associated power lines ultimately cost three times that figure, in addition to other costs. Dr. Hugh L. Keenleyside (for whom Keenleyside dam is named) dismissed these claims and other confusion about the Treaty benefits and costs in his 1974 paper "Ten Year Later, The Results of the Columbia River Treaty." He explained that the original estimate of the cost of the Canadian dams was about C$411 million in 1963 dollars. Actual cost in 1973 dollars was about C$548 million, and this included $50 million in regional improvement beyond replacement of like for like. This was a 33% increase over ten years, and he noted that during that time the average cost of dams and reservoirs in Canada increased by 80%. The value of the U.S. power and flood control payments in 1973 dollars, which had increased with interest, was C$479 million; leaving a deficit of C$69 million. For this cost, B.C. was then able to add a power house at Mica, and later at Kootenay Canal, Revelstoke and Keenleyside, and construct transmission lines, to delivery power to major load centers far cheaper than alternatives. Since the end of the 30-year sale of the Canadian Entitlement to the U.S. in March 2003, the U.S. delivery of the Entitlement power to B.C. has been a benefit far greater than the C$5 million per year estimate by the Canadian government in 1964. The B.C. government reported in Dec. 2012 that the average annual revenue from the Canadian Entitlement power, which is marketed by POWEREX for the Province, over the previous ten years was C$202 million per year. Those revenues go into the Province’s Consolidated Revenue Fund. == Social Impacts == == Local == Various attitudes were generated from local residents who would be affected directly or indirectly by the construction of the Columbia River Treaty dams. BC Hydro had to relocate and compensate for peoples loss of land, and homes. In Arrow Lake 3,144 properties had to be bought and 1,350 people had to be relocated. With the construction of the Duncan Dam 39 properties were bought and 30 people moved, subsequently at Mica Dam 25 properties including trap lines and other economic resourceful lands were bought. Since Arrow Lake had the largest number of people needing to be relocated it generated the most controversy and varying of opinions. People who worked on the dam felt a sense of pride and purpose for being able to provide for their families on a long term basis. However, due to the exclusion of local hearings for the Treaty and the outcome of the Arrow Dam many residents felt powerless in the provinces decision to flood the area. In response, the Columbia Basin Trust was established, in part, to address the long term socio-economic impacts in British Columbia that resulted from this flooding. J.W Wilson who took part in the settlement agreement for BC Hydro noticed that while they looked at the physical value of the resident's houses they were unable to include the losses that went along with living self-sufficiently, which was a lifestyle that would not be possible in a city or urban area. The kind of wealth that went unnoticed consisted of agriculture, livestock, tourism and lumber. Paying minimal taxes also enabled a self-sufficient lifestyle with little cost. In addition, from an outsiders perspective it seemed as though BC Hydro was being fair with the resident's settlement prices for their land and homes. However many people thought that the settlement prices from BC Hydro were unfair, but were intimidated and felt powerless to challenge them in court, so they accepted the prices begrudgingly. The residents questioned what benefits the dam would have for them if they were just going to be relocated, and lose money in the long run. However, BC Hydro built new communities for those living from Nakusp to Edgewood, as part of the compensation process. These communities came with BC Hydro electricity, running water, telephone services, a school, a church, a park and stores. Finally, building the dam did provide work for many families, and supplied electricity to remote communities that were once out of reach of BC's transmission grid, and dependent on gas and diesel generators. Despite receiving physical reimbursement, Wilson argues that the emotional loss of peoples homes and familiar landscape could not be compensated, and increased the physical and psychological stress of relocating their homes and communities. The emotional loss was especially difficult for the First Nations people living around these areas. The Sinixt people who occupied the Columbia River Valley for thousands of years, lost sacred burial grounds, an extremely devastating experience for their community. Furthermore, the Sinixt were labeled as officially extinct by the Canadian government in 1953 despite many Sinixt people still being alive. It is questionable the timing of labeling these people extinct, with the quick follow up of signing the Columbia River Treat a few years after. With that in mind Indian Affairs of Canada had to power to possibly influence the signing of the dams in particular the Libby and Wardner Dam and potential cost of replacement as well as "rehabilitating Indians". However, due to the push to assimilate First Nations people into a cash based economy, and no reserves being physically affected by the dams, Indian Affairs had minimal participation and influence. Once again, like BC Hydro, Indian Affairs disregarded hunting, fishing, gathering, and sacred grounds as having either material, emotional or spiritual significance to First Nations people. == Provincial == The objective of the International Joint Commission (IJC), with regard to the development of the Columbia River Basin, was to accomplish with the Columbia River Treaty (CRT) what would not have been possible through either British Columbia or the U.S. operating individually. It was expected that either additional costs would have been avoided or additional benefits gained by the cooperation between BC/Canada and the US. However, many felt that such expectations were left unrealized by the effects of the actual treaty. Soon after the treaty came into effect, it became apparent that greater combined returns had not necessarily been achieved than had each country continued operating independently. Others dispute that idea. Over the lifespan of the treaty, both positive and negative impacts have been felt by the province of British Columbia (BC). For BC, the positive impacts of the treaty have included both direct and indirect economic and social benefits. Direct benefits came in the form of better flood protection, increased power generation at both new and existing facilities, assured winter flows (for power) and the Canadian Entitlement power currently owed to BC by the U.S. (valued at approximately $300 million annually). At the beginning of the treaty, the province received lump sum payments from the U.S. for the sale of the Canadian Entitlement for 30 years and for the provision of 60 years of assured flood protection to the Northwestern States. Indirect benefits to the province have included the creation of employment opportunities for several thousand people in the construction and operation of dams as well as lower power rates for customers in both BC and the Northwestern U.S. Furthermore, many later developments in BC were made possible by the CRT because of water regulation provided by upstream storage. The Kootenay Canal Plant (1975), Revelstoke Dam (1984), 185 MW Arrow Lakes Generating Station and the Brilliant Expansion Project are examples of these developments. Another project made possible in part by the CRT was the Pacific DC Intertie, which was constructed in the U.S. and to this day remains a key part of the western power grid, facilitating easy trading of power between all parts of western Canada and the western U.S. However, for the province of BC, the impacts of the CRT were not entirely positive. By 1974, only ten years after the signing of the treaty, professors, politicians and experts across BC were divided on how beneficial it was to the province. Many said that the terms of the treaty would never have been accepted in their present day. The negative impacts of the CRT have affected both the economy and the environment of BC. Treaty revenue from U.S. was used to pay in part for the construction of the Duncan, Keenleyside and Mica dams, but the cost to BC to build the three dams exceeded the revenue initially received from the sale of downstream power and flood control benefits. The province also had to pay for improved highway, bridges, railway relocation, as well as welfare increases for the people affected by installation of the dams. Because of this deficit, it is alleged that school and hospital construction suffered, and services such as the Forest Service, highways and water resources were secretly tapped for funds. It has become obvious, in retrospect, that the 30 year sale of the Canadian Entitlement was under estimated at the time of the treaty signing. W.A.C. Bennett’s administration has often been criticized for being short-sighted in initial negotiations, but it was difficult to accurately value these agreements at the time. In 1960, Columbia River power produced half a million tons of aluminum for the U.S. By 1974, treaty power had increased this production threefold, hurting BC’s own aluminum production, effectively exporting thousands of jobs in this industry. Further negative impacts include the flooding of approximately 600 km² of fertile and productive valley bottoms to fill the Arrow Lakes, Duncan, Kinbasket and Koocanusa reservoirs. No assessment of the value of flooded forest land was ever made; land which could have produced valuable timber for the BC economy. == Environmental Impacts == == Canada == The Columbia River has the greatest annual drainage as compared to all other rivers along the Pacific coast. Before the introduction of dams on the river, the changes in water level rose and fell predictably with the seasons and a nine-meter displacement existed between the spring snowmelt highs and fall lows. After the dams were built, the river flows changed and in some areas the previous maximum and minimum water levels were altered by several tens of meters. High spring-summer flows were reduced, and fall-winter flows were increased to satisfy United States power demands. After the damming, the water during high floods began to cover much of the valley’s arable land - and when it was drawn down to produce power it carried away fertile soil, leaving agricultural land useless. Additionally, it is estimated that the habitat of 8,000 deer, 600 elk, 1,500 moose, 2,000 black bears, 70,000 ducks and geese was flooded due to the creation of the reservoirs. The introduction of a dam affects every living thing in the surrounding area, both up and downstream. Upstream change is obvious as water levels rise and submerge nesting grounds and migration routes for water fowl. As water levels in storage reservoirs change throughout the year, aquatic habitat and food source availability become unreliable. Plankton, a main staple of salmon and trout’s diet, is especially sensitive to changes in water level. Nutrient rich sediment, that would previously have flowed downstream, becomes trapped in the reservoirs above dams, resulting in changes in water properties and temperatures on either side of the barrier. A difference in water temperature of 9 degrees Celsius was once measured between the Columbia and its tributary the Snake River. When silt settles to the bottom of the river or reservoir it covers rocks, ruins spawning grounds and eliminates all hiding place for smaller fish to escape from predators. Alteration in water quality, such as acidity or gas saturation, may not be visually dramatic, but can be deadly to certain types of aquatic life. The Columbia River, with its series of dams and reservoirs, is influenced by a complex combination of these effects, making it difficult to predict or understand exactly how the animal populations will react. Salmon and Steelhead trout travel from the ocean upriver to various spawning grounds. The construction of multiple dams on the Columbia threatened this fishery as the fish struggled to complete the migration upstream. All dams on the Columbia River downstream of Chief Joseph have fish ladders installed, from Wells to Bonneville Dam. Migration downriver is also problematic after dams are built. Pre-dam currents on the Columbia efficiently carried fry to the ocean, but the introduction of dams and reservoirs changed the flow of the river, forcing the young fish to exert much more energy to swim through slack waters. In addition, many fish are killed by the dam turbines as they try to swim further downstream. It is unclear exactly how many fish are killed in the turbines, but old estimates range between 8-12% per dam. If a fish hatches high upstream they will have to swim through multiple dams, leading to possible cumulative losses of over 50-80% of the migrating fry. Efforts to make turbines safer for fish to pass through have significantly reduced fish loses to near pre-dam levels. While hatcheries appear to be quite successful for some species of fish, their efforts to increase fish populations will not be effective until up and downstream migration is improved. There is no one solution to improving the salmon and trout populations on the Columbia as it is the cumulative effects of the dams, slack-water reservoirs, loss of habitat, pollution, and overfishing that are killing the fish. From 1965 to 1969, 27, 312 acres were logged along the Columbia River to remove timber from the new flood plain. The slashing of vegetation along the shoreline weakened soil stability and made the land susceptible to wind erosion, creating sandstorms. Conversely, in wet periods, the cleared areas turned into vast mud flats. In the late 1940s, the BC Fish and Wildlife Branch began studying the impacts the dams were having on the area’s animal inhabitants. Their findings resulted in a small sum being designated for further research and harm mitigation. Their work, in collaboration with local conservation groups, became focused on preserving Kokanee stock jeopardized by the Duncan Dam which ruined kilometers of spawning grounds key to Kokanee, Bull Trout, and Rainbow Trout survival. Since Rainbow and Bull Trout feed on Kokanee, it was essential Kokanee stock remained strong. As a result, BC Hydro funded the construction of Meadow Creek Spawning Channel in 1967, which is 3.3 km (2 miles) long, and at the time was longest human-made spawning ground and first made for fresh water sport fish. The channel supports 250,000 spawning Kokanee every year, resulting in 10-15 million fry, with the mean egg to fry survival rate at around 45%. BC Hydro has also provided some funding to Creston Valley Wildlife Management Area to help alleviate damage done by Duncan Dam to surrounding habitats. The area is a seasonal home to many unique bird species, such as Tundra Swans, Greater White-Fronted Geese and many birds of prey. Such species are sensitive to changes in the river as they rely on it for food and their nesting grounds are typically found quite close to the water. BC Hydro, in partnership with the Province of BC and Fisheries and Oceans Canada, has also been contributing to the Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program since 1988. == United States == Unlike the Columbia's Canadian reach, the US portion of the river had already been heavily developed by the time the treaty entered into force. Because the US role in the agreement was largely to supply power generating capacity, and that capacity was already in place, it was not obligated to construct any new dams. While in the Upper Columbia, treaty dams meant the filling of large reservoirs, submerging large tracts of land, on the Lower Columbia no new dams had to be built. The local effects of dam construction were limited to those of the Libby Dam in Montana. The US was authorized to build this optional dam on the Kootenay River, a tributary of the Columbia. Lake Koocanusa, Libby Dam's reservoir, extends some distance into Canada. Because this project involved a transboundary reservoir, it was slow to move from planning to construction. By 1966, when construction began, the environmental movement had begun to have some political currency. Environmental impact assessments found that this dam would be deleterious to a variety of large game animals, including big-horned sheep and elk. While the Libby Dam opened the possibilities of downstream irrigation, scientists determined that it would also destroy valuable wetland ecosystems and alter the river hydrology throughout the area of its extent, in the reservoir and far downstream. Under pressure from environmental activist groups, the Army Corps of Engineers developed a mitigation plan that represents a major departure from the previous treaty dams. This plan addressed concerns about fish by building hatcheries, acquired land to serve as grazing areas for animals whose normal ranges were submerged, and implemented a technological fix as part of the dam project that enabled control of the temperature of water released from the dam. The local environmental impact of the Libby Dam was to flood 40,000 acres (around 162 square kilometers), altering downstream and upstream ecosystems. This was the greatest direct environmental effect of the treaty in the United States. While the Libby Dam and Lake Koocanusa were the most visible results of the treaty in the US, there were long-ranging environmental implications of the new management regime. The increased storage capacity in the Upper Columbia dams afforded river managers a much greater degree of control over the river's hydrograph. Peak flows could now be more dramatically reduced, and low flows bolstered by controlled releases from storage. Peak power demands tend to occur in midwinter and midsummer, so river managers calibrate releases to coincide with periods of high demand. This is a dramatic change from the snowmelt-driven summer peak flows of the river prior to its development.1

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Barefoot to Jerusalem<EOT>1

Barefoot to Jerusalem

Barefoot to Jerusalem is a 2008 American drama film directed by Nietzchka Keene. It is a story of a woman's journey, after her lover's suicide, through a solitary landscape which brings her into battle with the devil. The film was shot on location in Madison, Wisconsin, and in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan in 2001, and was in the final stages of post-production at the time of Keene's death. It has since been completed and is scheduled for release in 2008.1

Barefoot to Jerusalem is a 2008 American drama film directed by Nietzchka Keene. It is a story of a woman's journey, after her lover's suicide, through a solitary landscape which brings her into battle with the devil. The film was shot on location in Madison, Wisconsin, and in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan in 2001, and was in the final stages of post-production at the time of Keene's death. It has since been completed and is scheduled for release in 2008.1

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Aarambham<EOT>1

Aarambham

Aarambham is a 1982 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Joshiy and produced by Thiruppathi Chettiyar. Aarambham was another multi star movie from director Joshiy with stars Prem Nazir, Madhu, sukumaran, MG Soman, Jose Prakash, K. P. Ummer, Srividya,Sumalatha and Rajalakshmi in lead roles. The film had musical score by Shyam, A. T. Ummer, KJ Joy and Shankar Ganesh. Aarambham was released in Onam festival along with padayottam. Aarambham was the top grosser malayalam movie in 1982 surpassing padayottam. Aaramabham was later remade in Hindi by Joshiy itself in the year 1984 called Dharm Aur Qanoon with an ensemble cast and in Tamil Ezhuthatha Sattangal. Tamil version was directed by veteran director K. Shankar with Sivaji Ganesan in lead role. Both movies became huge hits in respective markets.

Aarambham is a 1982 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Joshiy and produced by Thiruppathi Chettiyar. Aarambham was another multi star movie from director Joshiy with stars Prem Nazir, Madhu, sukumaran, MG Soman, Jose Prakash, K. P. Ummer, Srividya,Sumalatha and Rajalakshmi in lead roles. The film had musical score by Shyam, A. T. Ummer, KJ Joy and Shankar Ganesh. Aarambham was released in Onam festival along with padayottam. Aarambham was the top grosser malayalam movie in 1982 surpassing padayottam. Aaramabham was later remade in Hindi by Joshiy itself in the year 1984 called Dharm Aur Qanoon with an ensemble cast and in Tamil Ezhuthatha Sattangal. Tamil version was directed by veteran director K. Shankar with Sivaji Ganesan in lead role. Both movies became huge hits in respective markets. == Cast == Prem Nazir as Devarajan Madhu as Moidu Srividya as Sharada Rajya Lakshmi as Rasiya Sukumaran as Rajan MG Soman as Bhaseer Sumalatha as Santha Jose Prakash as Sebastian Sankaradi as Velu Janardanan as Lazar K. P. Ummer as Khader C. I. Paul as John Kaduvakulam Antony as Anthappan Manavalan Joseph as Sankaran Cochin Haneefa as Gopinath Prathapachandran as Police officer == Soundtrack == The music was composed by Shyam, A. T. Ummer, KJ Joy and Shankar Ganesh and lyrics was written by Poovachal Khader.1

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Tutankhamun's meteoric iron dagger blade<EOT>1

Tutankhamun's meteoric iron dagger blade

Tutankhamun's iron dagger blade closely correlates with meteoric composition, including homogeneity. Originally discovered in 1925 in Tutankhamun's tomb (14th C. BCE) by Howard Carter, an archaeologist, the iron dagger is of meteorite origin.

Tutankhamun's iron dagger blade closely correlates with meteoric composition, including homogeneity. Originally discovered in 1925 in Tutankhamun's tomb (14th C. BCE) by Howard Carter, an archaeologist, the iron dagger is of meteorite origin. == Analysis == Since the 1960s the high nickel content in the blade has been accepted as indicative of meteoric origin. A more recent study published in June 2016 derived from x-ray fluorescence spectrometer analysis show that the blade’s composition is mostly iron (Fe) and 11% nickel (Ni) and 0.6% cobalt (Co). This means its composition is placed within the median of a group of 76 previously discovered iron meteorites. "The nickel content in the bulk metal of most iron meteorites ranges from 5% to 35%, whereas it never exceeds 4% in historical iron artifacts from terrestrial ores produced before the 19th Century." Also, the nickel to cobalt ratio of this blade is comparable to iron meteorite materials. At the time of King Tutankhamun’s mummification in approximately 1323 BCE (the Bronze Age), iron smelting and manufacture was rare. Iron objects were used for only artistic, ornamental, ritual, gift giving and ceremonial purposes as well as for pigmentation. Hence, iron during this age was apprised as more valuable or precious than gold. Iron artifacts were given as royal gifts during the period directly preceding Tutankhamun's rule, i.e., during the reign of Amenhotep III. == Scholars' obstacles == Determining iron's occurrence throughout the very ancient past - such as obtaining, smelting, and introducing into various civilizations - has been an ongoing topic of scholarly study and discussion. From the late Neolithic era to the Bronze Age, ancient Eastern Mediterranean cultures used iron infrequently. The existence of smelted iron objects during this period has been shown to be uncommon or rare, and believed to have been produced from the ore found in meteors. However, iron working methods and iron's uses, and its dispersion and circulation within prehistoric societies, are contentious issues within the scientific community due to gaps in knowledge and data. These debates have included the presumed meteoritic source as the material from which the iron dagger blade is made. Additionally, it has always been difficult to obtain permission for testing ancient Egyptian artifacts, including destructive testing of minuscule samples and non-destructive testing. Also, advancements in technologies used for deeper analysis of artifacts were required, which has happened over the last twenty years. Hence, during "the last 20 years, a dramatic improvement in solid-state detectors technology has allowed new analytical applications." Therefore, state of the art X-ray fluorescence spectrometers, a method of nondestructive testing, now typically exhibit improved deconstruction capabilities resulting in more accurately resolving the chemical composition of targeted artifacts into data that describes their constituent elements. The particular spectrometers used in this now well-known study are portable and handheld. == Historical background == No Egyptian archaeological evidence exists of iron smelting until 6th century BC. The earliest known example of the use of metallic iron in Egypt dates to approximately 3400BC. This corresponds to the prehistoric time before Egypt became a single state ruled by a pharaoh. == Metallic beads == Metallic beads and other precious stones were strung across the waist and neck of an entombed man at a grave site in the Gerzeh cemetery, 70 kilometers south of modern Cairo. In 1911, scientific analysis revealed the beads to be nickel rich. As all meteorite iron is nickel rich this indicated a meteorite origin. However, in the 1980s strong doubts developed after suggestions from archaeo-metallurgists that some early examples of nickel rich iron were produced by the use of terrestrial nickel rich iron ores. To establish meteorite provenance more refined analysis was needed. In 2013 a single bead from the Manchester Museum (UK) was photographed, subjected to a scanning electron microscope to reveal the bead's micro-structure and chemistry, and an x-ray CT model (or scan) of the bead was produced. The results indicated the beads' micro-structures and composition were consistent with that of an iron meteorite that had been worked into a small thin sheet and bent into a tube-shaped bead. Hence, "for the first time using modern technology [researchers] recorded conclusive proof that the earliest known use of iron by Egyptians was from a meteorite." == Tutankhamun == Nineteen objects were discovered in the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a set of blades which appear very similar to those used in the Egyptian opening of the mouth ceremony (a ritual performed for the benefit of the deceased to enable an afterlife). These blades are also intricately linked to iron and stars, being described in temple inventories as composed of iron and were themselves frequently referred to as the stars. The other iron objects were wrapped with Tutankhamun’s mummy, these include a miniature headrest contained inside the golden death mask, an amulet attached to a golden bracelet and a dagger blade with gold haft. All were made by relatively crude methods with exception of the dagger blade which is clearly expertly produced. This suggests that the dagger was probably imported to Egypt perhaps as a royal gift from a neighboring territory, indicating that at this time Egypt’s knowledge and skills of iron production were relatively limited. Only further analytical testing can confirm if all of these artifacts are made from meteorite iron but they do appear to suggest that iron was a material used to indicate high status at the time of Tutankhamun’s death in approximately 1327 BC.1

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Steen Township, Knox County, Indiana<EOT>1

Steen Township, Knox County, Indiana

Steen Township is one of ten townships in Knox County, Indiana. As of the 2010 census, its population was 900 and it contained 394 housing units.

Steen Township is one of ten townships in Knox County, Indiana. As of the 2010 census, its population was 900 and it contained 394 housing units. == History == Steen Township was founded in 1857. It was named for Richard Steen, a pioneer settler. Andrew Nicholson Farmstead was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005. == Geography == According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 36.91 square miles (95.6 km²), of which 36.5 square miles (95 km²) (or 98.89%) is land and 0.42 square miles (1.1 km²) (or 1.14%) is water.1

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VersaLogic<EOT>1

VersaLogic

VersaLogic is a privately held corporation located in Tualatin, Oregon, USA that designs and manufactures board-level products for embedded systems. The company's products are used by OEMs in a wide range of markets including medical, transportation, security, instrumentation, robotics, avionics, and unmanned vehicles.

VersaLogic is a privately held corporation located in Tualatin, Oregon, USA that designs and manufactures board-level products for embedded systems. The company's products are used by OEMs in a wide range of markets including medical, transportation, security, instrumentation, robotics, avionics, and unmanned vehicles. == History == VersaLogic was founded in 1976 in Eugene, Oregon, by Len Crane and Gary Harris. The company consolidated operation in 2010 to the western edge of Eugene into the former headquarters of Obie Media along 11th Avenue. At that time, the privately held VersaLogic had grown to 70 employees. In November 2012, the company announced it would relocate to the Portland metropolitan area where it had opened a research office in 2010 in Tigard. The new headquarters opened in 2013 in Tualatin. == Operations == The company's headquarters are located in Tualatin Oregon within the Portland metropolitan area. VersaLogic is registered to the ISO 9001:2008 standard. == Products == VersaLogic designs and manufactures embedded computer products in several standards-based form factors including EBX, EPIC, PC/104, SUMIT, and COM Express. In 2012, the company provided computer components for torpedoes to the United States military. VersaLogic components have been used in UAVs.1

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Stately Oaks<EOT>1

Stately Oaks

Stately Oaks Plantation is a Greek Revival antebellum mansion located in Margaret Mitchell Memorial Park in Jonesboro, Georgia. Built in 1839, the house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. It is also known as Orr House, The Oaks, and Robert McCord House and it is included in the Jonesboro Historic District. Stately Oaks is owned by Historical Jonesboro/Clayton County Inc., and features the period house, the home's separate log kitchen, a well house, a tenant house, an 1896 country store, and a one-room schoolhouse. The house was believed to be the inspiration for Tara, the legendary home of Scarlett O'Hara and her family in Margaret Mitchell's novel Gone with the Wind.1

Stately Oaks Plantation is a Greek Revival antebellum mansion located in Margaret Mitchell Memorial Park in Jonesboro, Georgia. Built in 1839, the house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. It is also known as Orr House, The Oaks, and Robert McCord House and it is included in the Jonesboro Historic District. Stately Oaks is owned by Historical Jonesboro/Clayton County Inc., and features the period house, the home's separate log kitchen, a well house, a tenant house, an 1896 country store, and a one-room schoolhouse. The house was believed to be the inspiration for Tara, the legendary home of Scarlett O'Hara and her family in Margaret Mitchell's novel Gone with the Wind.1

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The Sentinel (short story)<EOT>If I Forget Thee, O Earth . . . <doc-sep> I was searching for the annual competition for a book of Scottish Short Stories, which used to have the closing date of 31st Jan - but I can't find it. Does it no longer exist do you know or am I using the wrong search terms? Thanks for this list - it's very useful. . Hi Chris, this is excellent. I write a lot of short stories. What you have done here is very helpful . Can you let me know what Writing Course you did? Thanks a lot. Hi Marlene, I did the Writers Bureau course. I found it very comprehensive and did the non-fiction and fiction modules. Let me know if you have any questions about it . 1

The Sentinel (short story)

"The Sentinel" is a short story by British author Arthur C. Clarke, written in 1948 and first published in 1951 as "Sentinel of Eternity", which was used as a starting point for the novel and film 2001: A Space Odyssey, where it was modified and fused with other ideas. Clarke expressed impatience with its common description as the story that the novel and movie are based on. He explained: "I am continually annoyed by careless references to 'The Sentinel' as 'the story on which 2001 is based'; it bears about as much relation to the movie as an acorn to the resultant full-grown oak. (Considerably less, in fact, because ideas from several other stories were also incorporated.) Even the elements that Stanley Kubrick and I did actually use were considerably modified. Thus the 'glittering, roughly pyramidal structure... set in the rock like a gigantic, many-faceted jewel' became—after several modifications—the famous black monolith. And the locale was moved from the Mare Crisium to the most spectacular of all lunar craters, Tycho—easily visible to the naked eye from Earth at Full Moon."

"The Sentinel" is a short story by British author Arthur C. Clarke, written in 1948 and first published in 1951 as "Sentinel of Eternity", which was used as a starting point for the novel and film 2001: A Space Odyssey, where it was modified and fused with other ideas. Clarke expressed impatience with its common description as the story that the novel and movie are based on. He explained: "I am continually annoyed by careless references to 'The Sentinel' as 'the story on which 2001 is based'; it bears about as much relation to the movie as an acorn to the resultant full-grown oak. (Considerably less, in fact, because ideas from several other stories were also incorporated.) Even the elements that Stanley Kubrick and I did actually use were considerably modified. Thus the 'glittering, roughly pyramidal structure... set in the rock like a gigantic, many-faceted jewel' became—after several modifications—the famous black monolith. And the locale was moved from the Mare Crisium to the most spectacular of all lunar craters, Tycho—easily visible to the naked eye from Earth at Full Moon." == Publication history == "The Sentinel" was written in 1948 for a BBC competition (in which it failed to place) and was first published in the magazine Ten Story Fantasy in 1951, under the title "Sentinel of Eternity". It was subsequently published as part of the short story collections Expedition to Earth (1953), The Nine Billion Names of God (1967), and The Lost Worlds of 2001 (1972). Despite the story's initial failure, it changed the course of Clarke's career. == Anthology == The Sentinel (published 1982) is also the title of a collection of Arthur C. Clarke short stories, which includes the eponymous "The Sentinel", "Guardian Angel" (the inspiration for his Childhood's End), "The Songs of Distant Earth", and "Breaking Strain". == Story == The story deals with the discovery of an artifact on Earth's Moon left behind eons ago by ancient aliens. The object is made of a polished mineral, is tetrahedral in shape, and is surrounded by a spherical forcefield. The narrator speculates at one point that the mysterious aliens who left this structure on the Moon may have used mechanisms belonging "to a technology that lies beyond our horizons, perhaps to the technology of para-physical forces." The narrator speculates that for millions of years (evidenced by dust buildup around its forcefield) the artifact has been transmitting signals into deep space, but it ceases to transmit when, sometime later, it is destroyed "with the savage might of atomic power". The narrator hypothesizes that this "sentinel" was left on the moon as a "warning beacon" for possible intelligent and spacefaring species that might develop on Earth. In 2001: A Space Odyssey, the operation of the sentinel is activated when sunlight touches it for the first time after it was dug up. == Film == The story was adapted and expanded upon in the 1968 film, 2001: A Space Odyssey, made by famous filmmaker Stanley Kubrick.1

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Pierce County, Nebraska<EOT>1

Pierce County, Nebraska

Pierce County is a county located in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, the population was 7,266. Its county seat is Pierce. The county was formed in 1859 and named after President Franklin Pierce. Pierce County is part of the Norfolk, NE Micropolitan Statistical Area. In the Nebraska license plate system, Pierce County is represented by the prefix 40 (it had the 40th-largest number of vehicles registered in the county when the license plate system was established in 1922).

Pierce County is a county located in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, the population was 7,266. Its county seat is Pierce. The county was formed in 1859 and named after President Franklin Pierce. Pierce County is part of the Norfolk, NE Micropolitan Statistical Area. In the Nebraska license plate system, Pierce County is represented by the prefix 40 (it had the 40th-largest number of vehicles registered in the county when the license plate system was established in 1922). == Geography == According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 575 square miles (1,490 km²), of which 573 square miles (1,480 km²) is land and 1.3 square miles (3.4 km²) (0.2%) is water. == Major highways == U.S. Highway 20 U.S. Highway 81 Nebraska Highway 13 Nebraska Highway 98 Nebraska Highway 121 == Adjacent counties == Cedar County (northeast) Wayne County (east) Madison County (south) Antelope County (west) Knox County (north) == Demographics == As of the census of 2000, there were 7,857 people, 2,979 households, and 2,141 families residing in the county. The population density was 14 people per square mile (5/km²). There were 3,247 housing units at an average density of 6 per square mile (2/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 98.65% White, 0.08% Black or African American, 0.36% Native American, 0.20% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.23% from other races, and 0.46% from two or more races. 0.71% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 2,979 households out of which 35.30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.40% were married couples living together, 5.70% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.10% were non-families. 25.70% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.14. Age spread: 29.00% under the age of 18, 7.00% from 18 to 24, 26.00% from 25 to 44, 20.90% from 45 to 64, and 17.20% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 100.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.10 males. The median income for a household in the county was $32,239, and the median income for a family was $40,500. Males had a median income of $26,563 versus $20,237 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,980. About 8.80% of families and 11.80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.20% of those under age 18 and 12.90% of those age 65 or over. == Communities == Breslau Foster Hadar McLean Osmond Pierce (county seat) Plainview Wee Town == Politics == 1

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Carla Savage<EOT>1

Carla Savage

Carla Diane Savage is an American computer scientist and mathematician, a professor of computer science at North Carolina State University and the secretary of the American Mathematical Society.

Carla Diane Savage is an American computer scientist and mathematician, a professor of computer science at North Carolina State University and the secretary of the American Mathematical Society. == Education and research == Savage earned her Ph.D. in 1977 from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign under the supervision of David E. Muller; her thesis concerned parallel graph algorithms. Much of her more recent research has concerned Gray codes and algorithms for efficient generation of combinatorial objects. == Awards and honors == In 2012 she became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society. == Selected publications == Savage, Carla; Ja'Ja', Joseph (1981), "Fast, efficient parallel algorithms for some graph problems", SIAM Journal on Computing 10 (4): 682–691, doi:10.1137/0210051, MR 635426, Zbl 0476.68036. Savage, Carla (1997), "A survey of combinatorial Gray codes", SIAM Review 39 (4): 605–629, doi:10.1137/S0036144595295272, MR 1491049, Zbl 1049.94513.1

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1938 World Series<EOT>1

1938 World Series

The 1938 World Series matched the two-time defending champion New York Yankees against the Chicago Cubs, with the Yankees sweeping the Series in four games for their seventh championship overall and record third straight (they would win four in a row from 1936 to 1939, and five in a row later from 1949 to 1953). Dizzy Dean, who had helped carry the Cubs to the National League pennant despite a sore arm, ran out of gas in the Series as the Yanks crushed the Cubs again, as they had in 1932. Yankee starting pitcher Red Ruffing won two games, although he allowed 17 hits in 18 innings pitched. After Game 2 of the Series, the Bronx Bombers would not return to Wrigley Field for nearly 65 years until a three-game interleague series with the Cubs beginning June 6, 2003. This was the first World Series at Wrigley Field since the bleacher reconstruction of 1937 which had significantly shortened the left-center field power alley.

The 1938 World Series matched the two-time defending champion New York Yankees against the Chicago Cubs, with the Yankees sweeping the Series in four games for their seventh championship overall and record third straight (they would win four in a row from 1936 to 1939, and five in a row later from 1949 to 1953). Dizzy Dean, who had helped carry the Cubs to the National League pennant despite a sore arm, ran out of gas in the Series as the Yanks crushed the Cubs again, as they had in 1932. Yankee starting pitcher Red Ruffing won two games, although he allowed 17 hits in 18 innings pitched. After Game 2 of the Series, the Bronx Bombers would not return to Wrigley Field for nearly 65 years until a three-game interleague series with the Cubs beginning June 6, 2003. This was the first World Series at Wrigley Field since the bleacher reconstruction of 1937 which had significantly shortened the left-center field power alley. == Summary == AL New York Yankees (4) vs. NL Chicago Cubs (0) == Matchups == == Game 1 == Game 1 of the Series matched the Yankees' Red Ruffing, who had won 21 games during the season, against the Cubs' 22-game winner Bill Lee. In the top of the second inning, Lou Gehrig walked and moved to third on a single by Bill Dickey. George Selkirk then reached on an error by Cub second baseman Billy Herman scoring Gehrig, and Joe Gordon drove Dickey in with a single for a 2–0 Bomber lead. In the bottom of the third, the Cubs cut the lead in half when Ripper Collins singled to lead off and moved to second on a groundout by Lee. Stan Hack's single to right scored Collins, Hack taking second on the throw home. But when he attempted to score on an infield single by Herman, he was gunned down at home. The top of the sixth saw New York extend its lead to 3–1 when Tommy Henrich belted a double to right and scored on a Dickey single. The Cubs could muster nothing further off Ruffing, who scattered nine hits over the course of the game, and the Yankees held on for the win and a 1–0 lead in the Series. == Game 2 == Game 2 pitted the Yankees' Lefty Gomez against the Cubs' former St. Louis Cardinals ace Dizzy Dean, who had been traded to Chicago in April and won seven of his eight regular-season wins for his new team on finesse after having lost his fastball by changing his pitching motion to avoid putting weight on the toe he had fractured during the 1937 All-Star Game (on a low line drive back to the mound by Earl Averill). Game 2 of the 1938 Series thus became known as "Ol' Diz's Last Stand". The Cubs gave Dean a 1–0 lead in the bottom of the first when Hack singled, advanced to third on a single by Frank Demaree and scored on Joe Marty's fly ball. But the Bronx Bombers took the lead in the next half-inning when a Gordon double scored both DiMaggio and Gehrig. In the bottom of the third, the Cubs went back out in front by a run when Hack and Herman hit back-to-back singles, were sacrificed to third and second by Demaree, and scored on Marty's double. Dean pitched effectively for the next four innings, giving up only a single to Gehrig in the fourth. But in the top of the eighth, the Yankees stormed back on a two-run homer by Frankie Crosetti that scored pinch-hitter Myril Hoag for a 4–3 Bomber lead, and DiMaggio added a two-run dinger of his own in the top of the ninth that scored Henrich. Johnny Murphy, in relief of Gomez, held Chicago at bay for the final two innings for a 6–3 Yankee win as the Series moved east to New York with a 2–0 Series advantage for the Yankees. == Game 3 == For Game 3 at Yankee Stadium, the Cubs threw Clay Bryant against the Bombers' Monte Pearson. Both pitchers matched zeroes for the first four innings. In the top of the fifth, the Cubs drew first blood when Hack doubled, moved to third on Gordon's error on Phil Cavarretta and scored on Marty's forceout of Cavarretta at second. In the bottom half of the inning, however, Gordon atoned for his mistake by walloping a solo home run off Bryant to tie the game. Pearson followed with a single to right, advanced to second on a Crosetti walk and scored on a Red Rolfe single to give the Yankees a 2–1 lead. In the bottom of the sixth, New York, tacked on two more runs with a two-run single by Gordon. In the top of the eighth, the Cubs cut the lead in half when Marty hit a solo home run to notch his fifth RBI of the Series, but Dickey answered for the Yankees with a solo shot of his own in the bottom half. The Bombers held on for a 5–2 win and a 3–0 Series stranglehold. == Game 4 == Game 4 was a rematch of the Game 1 starters, Ruffing vs. Lee. Like the closely contested series opener, it stayed close until New York pulled away with four runs in the bottom of the eighth. In the bottom of the second, the Yankees struck for three runs. Hoag reached on Hack's throwing error from the hot corner, and advanced to third on a Gordon single. Ruffing helped his own cause by singling in Hoag, and Crosetti's triple to left scored Gordon and Ruffing. The Cubs broke the shutout with a Billy Jurges fielder's choice scoring Demaree, but in the sixth the Bombers got the run back with Henrich's solo homer off veteran Cub reliever Charlie Root. In the top of the eighth, the Cubs cut the New York lead to one with a Ken O'Dea home run scoring Cavarretta ahead of him. But in the bottom half, the Yankees broke the game open with a four-run outburst off four Cub pitchers—Vance Page, Larry French, Tex Carleton and Dean. Crosetti drove in two with a double off Dean, giving him four RBI for the game and six for the Series. As in Game 1, Ruffing went the distance, allowing two earned runs and eight hits with six strikeouts. == Composite line score == 1938 World Series (4–0): New York Yankees (A.L.) over Chicago Cubs (N.L.)1

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West Side Market<EOT>1

West Side Market

The West Side Market is the oldest operating indoor/outdoor market space in Cleveland, Ohio. It is located at the corner of West 25th Street and Lorain Avenue in the Ohio City neighborhood. On December 18, 1973, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

The West Side Market is the oldest operating indoor/outdoor market space in Cleveland, Ohio. It is located at the corner of West 25th Street and Lorain Avenue in the Ohio City neighborhood. On December 18, 1973, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. == History == The market began operating in 1840, across the street from its current location. Josiah Barber and Richard Lord, prominent businessmen and both former mayors of Ohio City before it was incorporated into Cleveland, donated the tract of land to Ohio City's government, stipulating that the land be used for an open-air neighborhood market. The market space became a center of the Ohio City community for the following three decades, and other benefactors donated adjacent lands that allowed the marketplace to expand. In 1868, a one-story, wooden framed building was erected on the site, and the newly christened Pearl Street Market was opened. Thanks to brisk population growth in Cleveland and Ohio City in the latter part of the 19th century, the market outgrew its space yet again. In 1902, lands were purchased across the street from the Pearl Market site, to allow for market expansion and eventual construction of additional indoor market space. Cleveland architectural firm Hubbell and Benes was contracted to create the new indoor space and, after nearly a decade of planning and construction, the current West Side Market building was finished in 1912 at a cost of nearly $680,000. The Neo-Classical/Byzantine building is a brick construct with a large interior concourse that provides nearly 100 stalls for sellers, and an 85-stall outdoor produce arcade that wraps around the side and rear of the main building. In addition, the building has a large clock tower, which was easily visible from most of Ohio City in the building's early days. In 1915, the permanent building spurred sellers to establish the West Side Market Tenants' Association, a coalition founded to help maintain the market and organize for future improvements and additions. This organization still exists at the Market today. Periodic upgrades accommodated more tenants and maintained and improved the overall conditions. A fuller, $1.1 million modernization was undertaken in 1953 to add lower-level storage areas and upgrade stalls in the arcade. Another renovation, this one for $5 million, took place after the Market was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. The market's profile rose in the latter portion of the 20th century. Politicians passing through Cleveland often stopped in to sample the array of foods that the Market has on sale on any given day. The Market also began sponsoring major food festivals in the neighborhood, which drew people from all corners of Cleveland and abroad. Despite the successes of the 1980s, however, the Market began to face financial straits as Cleveland itself was experiencing monetary struggles. A large portion of the Market’s subsidies from the city dried up, leaving tenants of the Market to pay higher rents to keep the Market open. Yet the Market expanded and was renovated throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century. A 2004 project enclosed the arcade portion of the market, adding space heating there, and completed major interior and architectural renovations to the main building. The market's centennial was celebrated in 2012. Most residents of the neighborhood, and many Clevelanders in general, still do a large portion of their shopping at the Market. The market is open to customers Mondays and Wednesdays from 7:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m., Fridays and Saturdays from 7:00 a.m to 6:00 p.m., and Sundays from 12 p.m to 6:00 p.m. The market attracts tourists from all parts of the United States, who tour the market and learn about its history. Guided tours are offered. Its national profile has been boosted in recent years by coverage on various programs produced by the Travel Channel and Food Network. Many stalls have remained under individual family control for much of the life of the Market, in a few cases dating back to its 1912 opening. The market's tenants and sellers reflect the cultural diversity of the surrounding neighborhood and Cleveland as a whole. The current roster of tenants includes those of Irish, German, Slovene, Italian, Hungarian, Greek, Polish, Russian, and Middle Eastern descents, among others. In the September 2010 issue of Food Network Magazine, the West Side Market was named America's "Best Food Lovers' Market." On January 30, 2013, the market was temporarily closed after a fire left smoke and soot damage. In 2016 city officials announced that starting April 3 of that year the market would add regular Sunday hours for the first time in its history.1

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James T. Welch<EOT>1

James T. Welch

James T. Welch (born December 22, 1975 in Springfield, Massachusetts) is a Democratic member of the Massachusetts Senate from the Hampden district. He has served since January 2011. Prior to this he was the Massachusetts State Representative for the 6th Hampden district, which includes his hometown of West Springfield and parts of Springfield and Chicopee. He served in the House from 2005 to 2011. Prior to serving in the Massachusetts legislature, he was a realtor and member of the West Springfield City Council.1

James T. Welch (born December 22, 1975 in Springfield, Massachusetts) is a Democratic member of the Massachusetts Senate from the Hampden district. He has served since January 2011. Prior to this he was the Massachusetts State Representative for the 6th Hampden district, which includes his hometown of West Springfield and parts of Springfield and Chicopee. He served in the House from 2005 to 2011. Prior to serving in the Massachusetts legislature, he was a realtor and member of the West Springfield City Council.1

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Nelson W. Aldrich House<EOT>Subseries 2 : Parties Boxes 4, 16 & 17 . 1

Nelson W. Aldrich House

The Nelson W. Aldrich House, also known as the Dr. S. B. Tobey House, is a Federal-style house at 110 Benevolent Street in Providence, Rhode Island that was the home of Nelson W. Aldrich, a U.S. Senator from 1881 to 1911. Aldrich was a dominant and controversial figure in the Senate, exercising significant control over the legislative process. This house, one of two surviving properties associated with Aldrich, was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976. It is now a house museum operated by the Rhode Island Historical Society.

The Nelson W. Aldrich House, also known as the Dr. S. B. Tobey House, is a Federal-style house at 110 Benevolent Street in Providence, Rhode Island that was the home of Nelson W. Aldrich, a U.S. Senator from 1881 to 1911. Aldrich was a dominant and controversial figure in the Senate, exercising significant control over the legislative process. This house, one of two surviving properties associated with Aldrich, was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976. It is now a house museum operated by the Rhode Island Historical Society. == House history == Robert S. Burroughs hired John Holden Greene to build the house in 1821. The house passed through several owners before Aldrich purchased it. Sometime before 1838 the house was enlarged by Burroughs. The exact date beginning Aldrich's tenure in the house is uncertain: some sources cite a 1902 deed recording his purchase, while Aldrich biographer Arthur Johnson claims the family moved into this house in the 1890s. In 1905, Aldrich had his preferred architects, Stone, Carpenter & Willson, thoroughly remodel the house. The most notable exterior alterations include the addition of a third floor and several porches. Aldrich made this house his primary residence until his death in 1915. Aldrich's daughter, Abby, married John D. Rockefeller, Jr.. Vice-President Nelson Rockefeller was named after his grandfather Aldrich. Abby's son Winthrop deeded the house to the Rhode Island Historical Society in 1974, and Aldrich House currently serves as the Society headquarters and offers changing Rhode Island historical displays. The house was declared a National Historic Landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. Nelson W. Aldrich was born in 1841 in Foster, Rhode Island, and made a fortune while rising through the ranks of Waldron and Wightman, a leading Rhode Island wholesale grocer. He entered politics in 1869, and was elected to the United States Senate in 1881. In a 30-year career in that body, Aldrich was a resolutely pro-business Republican, supporting protectionist tariffs, frequently leading successful attempts to defeat or water down attempts to lower them, at times despite popular support for lowered tariffs. Following the Panic of 1907, Aldrich developed a plan for a new central bank that became, with modifications he opposed, the Federal Reserve System created by the 1913 Federal Reserve Act. Aldrich was also a key figure in formalizing the powers held by Senate political officers, resulting in part in the concentration of significant power in his own hands. He died in New York City in 1915. == Description == The main block of the house is a three-story wood frame structure resting on a stuccoed brick foundation. It has a low-pitch hip roof, with a cupola on top and two chimneys rising from the sides. There are porches on the sides, of which the one on the right has been enclosed. The main block is five bays wide and four deep, and is clad in wood clapboarding with corner quoining. The roof line is decorated by modillions and a denticulated frieze, with a low wooden railing extending around the roof. The main entry is sheltered by a portico supported by pairs of Doric columns, with a Palladian window on the second level above and a smaller three-part window on the third level. Three wings extend from the rear of the house. Deed research indicates that the large three-story wing immediately to the rear was built in the 1850s. The decorations on this wing are slightly simpler than those on the main block, but the roof railings match. A two-story addition extends further back from this ell, and a third addition encloses a space behind the enclosed right-side porch.1

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Goth Kids 3: Dawn of the Posers<EOT>1

Goth Kids 3: Dawn of the Posers

"Goth Kids 3: Dawn of the Posers" is the fourth episode in the seventeenth season of the American animated television series South Park. The 241st episode of the series overall, it premiered on Comedy Central in the United States on October 23, 2013. It was originally scheduled to air October 16, but a power outage that occurred at South Park Studios prevented the episode from being finished in time, breaking a streak of 240 episodes aired consecutively without ever missing a single deadline. The episode satirizes the goth, emo and vampire teen subcultures, and uses plot elements from the film Invasion of the Body Snatchers. The episode received a mixed critical reception.

"Goth Kids 3: Dawn of the Posers" is the fourth episode in the seventeenth season of the American animated television series South Park. The 241st episode of the series overall, it premiered on Comedy Central in the United States on October 23, 2013. It was originally scheduled to air October 16, but a power outage that occurred at South Park Studios prevented the episode from being finished in time, breaking a streak of 240 episodes aired consecutively without ever missing a single deadline. The episode satirizes the goth, emo and vampire teen subcultures, and uses plot elements from the film Invasion of the Body Snatchers. The episode received a mixed critical reception. == Plot == Henrietta, a member of the Goth kids, is informed by her parents that she is being sent to Troubled Acres, a two-week camp for teenagers with emotional problems. At Troubled Acres, Henrietta is locked in a cell that is monitored by a security camera. Her only contact with anyone comes when a trapdoor opens on the floor of her cell, and a potted plant is deposited before her, vibrating as if it is alive. Two weeks later, much to the horror of her Goth friends, Michael, Pete, and Firkle, Henrietta returns to South Park as an emo. When Michael confronts Henrietta over what the camp did to her, he realizes that Troubled Acres is part of a plot to turn the entire world emo, and is himself transported by his father to Troubled Acres. Realizing that goths are being "body-snatched" by emos, Pete and Firkle attend a meeting of their sworn enemies, the Vampire Kids, and explain the problem to them. Mike, the lead Vamp Kid, and an adult black male member of the Vamp Kids agree to help, and during a séance, summon the spirit of Edgar Allan Poe, whom both the Vamp Kids and the Goth Kids regard as their spiritual progenitor. Poe thinks little of emos, vampires or goths, but agrees to help anyway. At Troubled Acres, Michael finds himself tied to a chair in a greenhouse filled with potted plants. He is told by Harold Flanagan, the plants' elderly caretaker, that the plants are the actual emos, sentient beings who invade the bodies of humans. Pete, Mike, the black man, and Firkle arrive, but Firkle reveals himself to be emo, and captures the other three at gunpoint, tying them up alongside Michael. The ghost of Poe then intervenes, who quickly discovers that the plants are just ordinary ficus plants in vibrating pots. A television production crew then appears, and reveals that Flanagan has been the target of a hidden camera prank television show called Yes! I'm Scared. The host further explains that Troubled Acres and the idea of the plants turning goths and vamp kids into emos were part of the prank. Michael and Pete tell Henrietta what happened and she returns to her normal goth self, as does Firkle. == Production == "Goth Kids 3: Dawn of the Posers" was written and directed by series co-creator Trey Parker, and was originally scheduled to air on October 16, 2013. South Park episodes are usually produced in only six days and delivered to Comedy Central just hours before airing. However, on October 15, South Park Studios suffered a power outage, causing the staff's computers to go down during post-production and leaving the episode incomplete, missing its deadline for the first time in the show's 17-season run. Series co-creator Trey Parker wrote that "it sucks to miss an air date but after all these years of tempting fate by delivering the show last minute, I guess it was bound to happen." A rerun of the fifth season episode "Scott Tenorman Must Die" was shown in its place, with live tweets accompanying the broadcast. "Goth Kids 3: Dawn of the Posers" eventually aired one week later on October 23, 2013. The episode's opening title sequence departs from the one used since the beginning of the seventeenth season, as it features the Goth kids as the central characters instead of the series' four main characters, and uses elements from the discontinued title sequence that had previously been used for the series' first three seasons, and a version of the show's theme song with altered lyrics that reflect the Goth kids' bleak outlook. == Reception == The episode received mixed reviews. Ryan McGee of The A.V. Club gave the episode a C−, saying: "Unfortunately, 'Goth Kids 3: Dawn of the Posers' was a fairly limp episode, one that an extra unexpected week of time apparently could not fix". Chris Longo of Den of Geek gave the episode 1 out of 5 stars, opining: "Instead of realizing the tired Emo/Goth storyline is about six years past its expiration date, South Park drudged on to complete its most uninspired episode of the young season." Max Nicholson of IGN gave the episode a score of 7.7 out of 10, declaring that "this week's South Park proved that the goth kids still had enough material for (most of) one more episode."1

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Eric Wilson (bassist)<EOT>“As Brad’s heirs, and with the support of his entire family, we only want to respect his wishes, and therefore have not consented to Bud and Eric calling their new project ‘Sublime,’” she stated in a press release a week before the injunction. “We have always supported Bud and Eric’s musical endeavors and their desire to continue to play Sublime’s music . . . [but we] feel compelled to take the appropriate legal action to protect Brad’s legacy.” It’s clear that Ramirez’s unbridled enthusiasm for Sublime’s music—and that it’s shared by so many other young fans—has brought a newfound sense of purpose and professionalism to the two surviving members of the band. Both Wilson and Gaugh say they’re humbled by the expense that has been brought to bear to ensure their upcoming tour is a success. “We’ve never had a tour that wasn’t totally fucked, so we’re not used to this,” Wilson says. “A lot of the times we played, we sounded really shitty because of, uh . . . circumstances.” <doc-sep> Greg Leisz has been much in demand for playing country, folk, pop and rock music with such artists as Eric Clapton, Joni Mitchell, Emmylou Harris, Willie Nelson, Linda Ronstadt, Beck, KD Lang, Randy Newman, Dave Alvin, Gillian Welch, Lucinda Williams, Sheryl Crow, Paula Cole, Fiona Apple , Brian Wilson, Jackson Browne, John Mayer, Matthew Sweet, Joe Cocker, Ray La Montagne, Bon Iver & on Daft Punk’s Grammy Award Album of the Year (2014), Random Access Memories. Leisz lives in his native Los Angeles and is well-known for his mastery of a variety of guitars and string instruments including pedal steel, dobro, National, Hawaiian Weissenborn, lap steel and mandolin, all of which he plays on Frisell's CD's, Blues Dream , Good Dog, Happy Man and The Intercontinentals, Disfarmer and All We Are Saying . Greg also performs with Bill in both duo and larger group formats. In 2010, Greg received a Lifetime Achievement award from the Americana Music Association for Instrumentalist. <doc-sep> If you're a seller, Fulfillment by Amazon can help you increase your sales. We invite you to learn more about Fulfillment by Amazon . If you're a seller, Fulfillment by Amazon can help you increase your sales. We invite you to learn more about Fulfillment by Amazon . If you're a seller, Fulfillment by Amazon can help you increase your sales. We invite you to learn more about Fulfillment by Amazon . 1

Eric Wilson (bassist)

Eric John Wilson (born February 21, 1970), is the former bass player for Sublime (1988–1996) and also bassist for Long Beach Dub Allstars (1997–2002). He was the bassist for the band Long Beach Shortbus which was composed of several members of Long Beach Dub Allstars and Sublime. Since 2009, Wilson has been the bassist for Sublime with Rome, a musical collaboration between Wilson and singer and guitarist Rome Ramirez.

Eric John Wilson (born February 21, 1970), is the former bass player for Sublime (1988–1996) and also bassist for Long Beach Dub Allstars (1997–2002). He was the bassist for the band Long Beach Shortbus which was composed of several members of Long Beach Dub Allstars and Sublime. Since 2009, Wilson has been the bassist for Sublime with Rome, a musical collaboration between Wilson and singer and guitarist Rome Ramirez. == Musical career == Wilson and Bud Gaugh met in 1979 and later started their first garage punk band, called The Juice Bros., consisting of drums, bass, and vocals. In 1981, Wilson started a punk band called Hogan's Heroes (not to be confused with the New Jersey hardcore punk band of the same name), a band which also included Bradley Nowell. Hogan's Heroes later changed their name to Sloppy Seconds (not to be confused with the Indiana hardcore punk band of the same name). In 1988, Wilson introduced Nowell to his long-time friend Bud Gaugh, and the three of them went on to form Sublime. After the death of Sublime's lead vocalist Brad Nowell in 1996 which disbanded Sublime, Eric temporarily joined up with 1960s style surf rock band Del Noah & the Mt. Ara Ratfinks, with whom he played the stand-up bass. At the same time, Eric and Sublime drummer Bud Gaugh—along with many friends—started to experiment with the unique Sublime sound, eventually forming many Sublime-related bands, most of whom signed with the Long Beach record label Skunk Records. Eric plays in many of these follower bands. In 1997, Long Beach Dub Allstars formed, but broke up in 2002. Long Beach Dub Allstars' first album was released in 1999 called Right Back (DreamWorks). Long Beach Dub Allstars' second album was released in 2001 called Wonders of the World (DreamWorks). He then joined a band with lead singer of Long Beach Dub Allstars RAS-1 called Long Beach Shortbus. The band later split for unknown reasons in October 2007. Eric currently plays the drums in a psychedelic rock band called StoneWing who will be on a 2009 tour of the Midwest and Colorado with Midwest Reggae Rockers Jon Wayne and The Pain out of Minneapolis MN. Eric Also plays in an Iggy Pop cover band called The STyMiES. It was announced in early 2009 that Wilson would be reuniting with Sublime at Cantina Los Tres Hombres in Sparks, Nevada on February 28 with new frontman and guitarist Rome Ramirez, in place of Bradley Nowell. Following positive response, the band decided to reunite properly in August 2009 for a possible tour and new album. However, not long after the October 2009 performance at Cypress Hill's Smokeout Festival, a Los Angeles judge banned the new lineup from using the Sublime name and was forced to change the name. The new lineup of Eric Wilson, Bud Gaugh and Rome Ramirez performed together as Sublime with Rome. A debut album, Yours Truly was released on July 12, 2011. In December 2011 Bud Gaugh left Sublime with Rome reportedly to spend more time with his family. He was replaced by Josh Freese and the band has continued to tour. == Discography == == Sublime == 40 Oz. to Freedom (1992) Robbin' the Hood (1994) Sublime (1996) Second-hand Smoke (1997) == Del Noah & the Mt. Ararat Finks == Blower Explosion (1998) == Long Beach Dub All-Stars == Right Back (1999) Wonders of the World (2001) == Long Beach Shortbus == Flying Ship of Fantasy (2004) == Sublime With Rome == Yours Truly (2011) Sirens (2015)1

0.1855

Chris Ezike<EOT>1

Chris Ezike

Chris Okey Ezike (born 19?? in Anambra State) is a Nigerian law enforcement officer serving since 2015 as Commissioner of Police of the Rivers State Police Command. Before his promotion to CP, Ezike was Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP) in-charge of Federal Special Anti-robbery Squad. He has headed the IG Anti-Crime Task Force in Edo and Kogi as well as the IG's Monitoring Unit of the Police Counter Terrorism Investigation Unit.1

Chris Okey Ezike (born 19?? in Anambra State) is a Nigerian law enforcement officer serving since 2015 as Commissioner of Police of the Rivers State Police Command. Before his promotion to CP, Ezike was Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP) in-charge of Federal Special Anti-robbery Squad. He has headed the IG Anti-Crime Task Force in Edo and Kogi as well as the IG's Monitoring Unit of the Police Counter Terrorism Investigation Unit.1

0.1856

Lake Leelanau Narrows Bridge<EOT>1

Lake Leelanau Narrows Bridge

The Lake Leelanau Narrows Bridge is a bridge located on M-204 over Lake Leelanau Narrows in Leland Township, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

The Lake Leelanau Narrows Bridge is a bridge located on M-204 over Lake Leelanau Narrows in Leland Township, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. == History == Lake Leelanau was a major impediment to east-west travel since this area was first settled in the mid-1800s. A wooden bridge was erected over the narrows in 1864; a replacement metal truss bridge was constructed in 1894–1895. In 1939, the Michigan State Highway Department decided to replace the aging truss bridge to help support the local tourist economy. They built this new bridge about 200 yards north. The bridge project was part of the Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works, which provided jobs in the Great Depression through funding public infrastructure projects. == Description == The Lake Leelanau Narrows Bridge is a three-span structure crossing the narrowest part of the 15-mile-long (24 km) Lake Leelanau. Each span is 60 feet (18 m) long and consists of nine rolled steel beams, sitting on concrete mid-stream piers and skewed end abutments. The base of each pier are formed into pointed cutwaters at each end. Four posts on each pier support the bridge, with the exterior post ending with a graceful Streamline Moderne curve. A similar curve is apparent on the concrete railing posts above. The deck of the bridge is 38 feet (12 m) wide, with sidewalks on each side of the roadway.1

0.1857

Aleph Melbourne<EOT>1

Aleph Melbourne

Aleph Melbourne is a Jewish LGBT organization located in Melbourne, Australia.

Aleph Melbourne is a Jewish LGBT organization located in Melbourne, Australia. == History == Aleph was founded in 1995 for LGBT Jews and their families and allies. Aleph attempted to join the Jewish Community Council of Victoria (JCCV) in 1999, but was denied acceptance when Orthodox synagogues threatened to quit the JCCV if Aleph was permitted to join. In 2015 the group celebrated their 20th anniversary by creating a documentary about themselves called "Aleph Melbourne- Celebrating 20 Years." The documentary was screened at the St Kilda Film Festival, the North Brisbane Film Festival , the Respect Belfast Human Rights Film Festival, the Santa Barbara Jewish Film Festival, and the Brooklyn My True Colors Festival. == Events and services == == Religious services == Aleph is primarily secular, but hosts services and dinners for major Jewish holidays like Passover and Rosh Hashanah. The group has also celebrated Hannukah with other members of the Melbourne community. Aleph and its coordinator Michael Barnett also speak out to end homophobia in the Jewish community across Melbourne and Australia. == Pride == Aleph has participated in Melbourne's Pride festival "Midsumma" every year since 1997. In 2016 the group excluded themselves after the festival made a financial partnership with News Corp, which Aleph believed had supported homophobic journalists. == Political involvement == In 2013 and 2016 Aleph created and distributed a "Voters Guide" for elections, which held various political candidates views on LGBT issues, including same-sex marriage.1

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Stade Mimoun Al Arsi<EOT>1

Stade Mimoun Al Arsi

Stade Mimoun Al Arsi is a multi-use stadium in Al Hoceima, Morocco. It is currently used mostly for football matches, on club level by Chabab Rif Al Hoceima of the Botola. The stadium has a capacity of 12,000 spectators.1

Stade Mimoun Al Arsi is a multi-use stadium in Al Hoceima, Morocco. It is currently used mostly for football matches, on club level by Chabab Rif Al Hoceima of the Botola. The stadium has a capacity of 12,000 spectators.1

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Michael Hoganson<EOT>1

Michael Hoganson

Michael George Hoganson (born 3 December 1993) is an English footballer who plays as a left-sided defender and midfielder currently a Free Agent after he was released by Derby County.

Michael George Hoganson (born 3 December 1993) is an English footballer who plays as a left-sided defender and midfielder currently a Free Agent after he was released by Derby County. == Career == == Newcastle United == Hoganson joined Newcastle United in 2008, during his time at The Magpies Hoganson mainly played for the under 18-side, featuring occasionally in Peter Beardsley's reserve team squads, but never featured in the first team before he was released in the summer of 2012. == Derby County == After his release by Newcastle, Hoganson went on trial at League Two side Northampton Town and impressed manager Aidy Boothroyd, who offered him a one-year contract. However Hoganson went on trial at Championship side Derby County, which annoyed Boothroyd who jokingly said ahead of a pre-season game against Derby, "I'll run on and kick him myself. I'll run on and two-foot him and his agent," Boothroyd left the offer open for Hoganson despite this. Although Hoganson was left out of Derby's squad in the pre-season game against Northampton, Derby manager Nigel Clough said that he wanted another look at him after he impressed in a friendly against Burton Albion. On 7 August 2012, Hoganson joined Derby County on a one-year contract, with Nigel Clough stating that Hoganson would mainly play for the under-21 side in the new Professional Development League 2 North, but would also provide cover at left back and left-sided midfield in the first team. Hoganson made his competitive first team début in a 3–1 win against Middlesbrough on 1 January 2013, as an 87th minute substitute for Conor Sammon. Hoganson was given his first start in a 0–0 draw at home to Wolverhampton Wanderers on 16 February 2013, covering for the suspended Gareth Roberts at left back. After a run of three consecutive starts, Hoganson lost his place in the team to the returning Roberts and Watford loanee Craig Forsyth, so Hoganson returned to the under-21 side where he remained a regular throughout the season and was rewarded in May by an offer of a new one-year contract. Hoganson featured for the first team in pre-season ahead of the 2013–14 season with a highlight being a long range goal he scored in a friendly game against Port Vale. Hoganson will act as cover for Craig Forsyth at left back, as well as feature for the under-21 side. == Alfreton Town (loan) == On 18 March 2014, Hoganson joined Conference side Alfreton Town on loan until 26 April 2014. == Statistics == A. The "League" column constitutes appearances and goals (including those as a substitute) in the Football League.1

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Bioleaching<EOT>1

Bioleaching

Bioleaching is the extraction of metals from their ores through the use of living organisms. This is much cleaner than the traditional heap leaching using cyanide. Bioleaching is one of several applications within biohydrometallurgy and several methods are used to recover copper, zinc, lead, arsenic, antimony, nickel, molybdenum, gold, silver, and cobalt.

Bioleaching is the extraction of metals from their ores through the use of living organisms. This is much cleaner than the traditional heap leaching using cyanide. Bioleaching is one of several applications within biohydrometallurgy and several methods are used to recover copper, zinc, lead, arsenic, antimony, nickel, molybdenum, gold, silver, and cobalt. == Process == Bioleaching can involve numerous ferrous iron and sulfur oxidizing bacteria, including Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (formerly known as Thiobacillus ferrooxidans) and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans (formerly known as Thiobacillus thiooxidans). As a general principle, Fe³⁺ ions are used to oxidize the ore. This step is entirely independent of microbes. The role of the bacteria is the further oxidation of the ore, but also the regeneration of the chemical oxidant Fe³⁺ from Fe²⁺. For example, bacteria catalyse the breakdown of the mineral pyrite (FeS₂) by oxidising the sulfur and metal (in this case ferrous iron, (Fe²⁺)) using oxygen. This yields soluble products that can be further purified and refined to yield the desired metal. Pyrite leaching (FeS₂): In the first step, disulfide is spontaneously oxidized to thiosulfate by ferric ion (Fe³⁺), which in turn is reduced to give ferrous ion (Fe²⁺): (1)      spontaneous The ferrous ion is then oxidized by bacteria using oxygen: (2)      (iron oxidizers) Thiosulfate is also oxidized by bacteria to give sulfate: (3)      (sulfur oxidizers) The ferric ion produced in reaction (2) oxidized more sulfide as in reaction (1), closing the cycle and given the net reaction: (4)   The net products of the reaction are soluble ferrous sulfate and sulfuric acid. The microbial oxidation process occurs at the cell membrane of the bacteria. The electrons pass into the cells and are used in biochemical processes to produce energy for the bacteria while reducing oxygen to water. The critical reaction is the oxidation of sulfide by ferric iron. The main role of the bacterial step is the regeneration of this reactant. The process for copper is very similar, but the efficiency and kinetics depend on the copper mineralogy. The most efficient minerals are supergene minerals such as chalcocite, Cu₂S and covellite, CuS. The main copper mineral chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂) is not leached very efficiently, which is why the dominant copper-producing technology remains flotation, followed by smelting and refining. The leaching of CuFeS₂ follows the two stages of being dissolved and then further oxidised, with Cu²⁺ ions being left in solution. Chalcopyrite leaching: (1)      spontaneous (2)      (iron oxidizers) (3)      (sulfur oxidizers) net reaction: (4)   In general, sulfides are first oxidized to elemental sulfur, whereas disulfides are oxidized to give thiosulfate, and the processes above can be applied to other sulfidic ores. Bioleaching of non-sulfidic ores such as pitchblende also uses ferric iron as an oxidant (e.g., UO₂ + 2 Fe³⁺ ==> UO₂²⁺ + 2 Fe²⁺). In this case, the sole purpose of the bacterial step is the regeneration of Fe³⁺. Sulfidic iron ores can be added to speed up the process and provide a source of iron. Bioleaching of non-sulfidic ores by layering of waste sulfides and elemental sulfur, colonized by Acidithiobacillus spp., has been accomplished, which provides a strategy for accelerated leaching of materials that do not contain sulfide minerals. == Further processing == The dissolved copper (Cu²⁺) ions are removed from the solution by ligand exchange solvent extraction, which leaves other ions in the solution. The copper is removed by bonding to a ligand, which is a large molecule consisting of a number of smaller groups, each possessing a lone electron pair. The ligand-copper complex is extracted from the solution using an organic solvent such as kerosene: Cu²⁺(aq) + 2LH(organic) → CuL₂(organic) + 2H⁺(aq) The ligand donates electrons to the copper, producing a complex - a central metal atom (copper) bonded to the ligand. Because this complex has no charge, it is no longer attracted to polar water molecules and dissolves in the kerosene, which is then easily separated from the solution. Because the initial reaction is reversible, it is determined by pH. Adding concentrated acid reverses the equation, and the copper ions go back into an aqueous solution. Then the copper is passed through an electro-winning process to increase its purity: An electric current is passed through the resulting solution of copper ions. Because copper ions have a 2+ charge, they are attracted to the negative cathodes and collect there. The copper can also be concentrated and separated by displacing the copper with Fe from scrap iron: Cu²⁺(aq) + Fe₍ₛ₎ → Cu₍ₛ₎ + Fe²⁺(aq) The electrons lost by the iron are taken up by the copper. Copper is the oxidising agent (it accepts electrons), and iron is the reducing agent (it loses electrons). Traces of precious metals such as gold may be left in the original solution. Treating the mixture with sodium cyanide in the presence of free oxygen dissolves the gold. The gold is removed from the solution by adsorbing (taking it up on the surface) to charcoal. == With fungi == Several species of fungi can be used for bioleaching. Fungi can be grown on many different substrates, such as electronic scrap, catalytic converters, and fly ash from municipal waste incineration. Experiments have shown that two fungal strains (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium simplicissimum) were able to mobilize Cu and Sn by 65%, and Al, Ni, Pb, and Zn by more than 95%. Aspergillus niger can produce some organic acids such as citric acid. This form of leaching does not rely on microbial oxidation of metal but rather uses microbial metabolism as source of acids that directly dissolve the metal. == Compared with other extraction techniques == Extractions involve many expensive steps such as roasting and smelting, which require sufficient concentrations of elements in ores and are environmentally unfriendly. Low concentrations are not a problem for bacteria because they simply ignore the waste that surrounds the metals, attaining extraction yields of over 90% in some cases. These microorganisms actually gain energy by breaking down minerals into their constituent elements. The company simply collects the ions out of the solution after the bacteria have finished. There is a limited amount of ores. == Advantages == Economical: Bioleaching is in general simpler and, therefore, cheaper to operate and maintain than traditional processes, since fewer specialists are needed to operate complex chemical plants. Environmental: The process is more environmentally friendly than traditional extraction methods. For the company this can translate into profit, since the necessary limiting of sulfur dioxide emissions during smelting is expensive. Less landscape damage occurs, since the bacteria involved grow naturally, and the mine and surrounding area can be left relatively untouched. As the bacteria breed in the conditions of the mine, they are easily cultivated and recycled. Ore concentration: Bioleaching can be used to extract metals from ores that are too poor for other technologies. It can be used to partially replace the extensive crushing and grinding that translates to prohibitive cost and energy consumption in a conventional process. == Disadvantages == Economical: The bacterial leaching process is very slow compared to smelting. This brings in less profit as well as introducing a significant delay in cash flow for new plants. Environmental: Toxic chemicals are sometimes produced in the process. Sulfuric acid and H⁺ ions that have been formed can leak into the ground and surface water turning it acidic, causing environmental damage. Heavy ions such as iron, zinc, and arsenic leak during acid mine drainage. When the pH of this solution rises, as a result of dilution by fresh water, these ions precipitate, forming "Yellow Boy" pollution. For these reasons, a setup of bioleaching must be carefully planned, since the process can lead to a biosafety failure. Unlike other methods, once started, bioheap leaching cannot be quickly stopped, because leaching would still continue with rainwater and natural bacteria. At the current time, it is more economical to smelt copper ore rather than to use bioleaching, since the concentration of copper in its ore is in general quite high. The profit obtained from the speed and yield of smelting justifies its cost. Nonetheless, at the largest copper mine of the world, Escondida in Chile the process seems to be favorable. However, the concentration of gold in its ore is in general very low. In this case, the lower cost of bacterial leaching outweighs the time it takes to extract the metal. Economically it is also very expensive and many companies once started can not keep up with the demand and end up in debt. Projects like Finnish Talvivaara proved to be environmentally and economically disastrous.1

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Malcolm Welsford<EOT>1

Malcolm Welsford

Malcolm Welsford is a New Zealand Record Producer and is best known for his work with Shihad, The Feelers and Supergroove.

Malcolm Welsford is a New Zealand Record Producer and is best known for his work with Shihad, The Feelers and Supergroove. == Early career == Welsford's professional recording career began in 1984 at a small largely unknown Studio called Frontier Studios, Wellington New Zealand. Frontier was located in the same building as Marmalade Audio and was best known for recording local Reggae bands on 1” 16 Track Tape. In 1986 he became a freelance engineer at Marmalade Studios until relocating to Auckland in 1989 where he mainly worked out of Mandrill Studios and Phil Rudd’s Phil Rudd own personal Studio. In 1992 he began construction of York Street Studios with Killing Joke front man Jaz Coleman which opened to the public in 1993. In 1996 Welsford took over the old Radio New Zealand Studio building on Shortland Street which became Studio Two and housed several other private studios including Tom Bailey's studio. Welsford relocated his production operation to Karekere Studios early 2000. Karekare, New Zealand is best known for its natural beauty, black sand beaches and isolation. Between 1993 and 2005, Welsford contributed to the success of many international and local New Zealand artists such as ZED, Garageland, Pacifier, Shihad, Bike, The Feelers, Supergroove, The Headless Chickens, The D4, Indicator Dogs, Eight, PanAm, Eye TV, Neil and Tim Finn, Bic Runga and Killing Joke. Welsford moved to the United States early 2005 to focus on Artist development. == Later career == Welsford developed and produced two albums with Adam Lambert who was the runner up for the 2009 American Idol series. He is the producer of Take One, Adam Lambert's current release with Coldwater Entertainment. Welsford also produced over a dozen unreleased tracks which Adam Lambert penned with Guitarist Monte Pittman. Production/Mix Credits include Christina Perri, Adam Lambert, Shihad, Supergroove, The Feelers, Breathe, Garageland, Tadpole, Bike, Eight, Stellar*, Neil Finn, Tim Finn, The Headless Chickens, Emma Paki, The D4, ZED, and Under the Influence - 21 Years of Flying Nun Records. Welsford currently resides in Leigh, New Zealand. == Selected discography == ANDY GRAMMER - 'Slow' CHRISTINA PERRI - 'Jar of Hearts' Billboard UK#4, Billboard US #11 ADAM LAMBERT - Take One | Billboard#6 Indie, Billboard #72 Top 200 NEIL FINN - One Nil (Capitol) (Charts: #1 NZ, #9 Aus, #14 UK, #29 US) Neil Finn TIM FINN - Feeding the Gods SHIHAD/PACIFIER (BMG/Polygram/Warners Churn (Gold), Killjoy (Gold), Shihad/Shihad (Gold), Pacifier Live (Gold)Shihad TADPOLE ( EMI-Buddafinger Album, 2x Platinum Tadpole (band) RUNGA/DOBBYN/FINN (Together in Concert – Sony)Together in Concert: Live THE FEELERS – Warner Music, Supersystem (No.1 selling album for over 59 weeks, 5x Platinum Supersystem (album) SUPERGROOVE (BMG, Traction – No.1 selling album, 6x Platinum Supergroove THE HEADLESS CHICKENS (Mushroom George – No.1 selling single The Headless Chickens ZED (Title track: “The Hot Chick” Soundtrack - Touchstone Pictures) The D4 (Get Loose. Charted #64 on UK Charts The D4 LONDON SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA (Rolling Stones Symphonic Album) www.discogs.com == Awards == “The National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences is also known as the Recording Academy concur that Mr. Welsford's accomplishments are widely recognized within the United States and abroad. Since 1994 he has been the recipient of eight Grammy recognized awards as well as three gold album awards, five platinum album award and four multi-platinum album awards”. 2000 Music awards – nominated best Producer. 1999 Top NZ selling album by a NZ artist. 1998 Top NZ selling album. Awarded Producer of the Year at the 1998 New Zealand Music Awards - Pressure Man (The Feelers). Awarded Producer of the Year at the 1997 New Zealand Music Awards Backspacer (Supergroove). Award shared with Karl Steven Awarded Producer and Engineer of the Year at the 1995 New Zealand Music Awards Traction (Supergroove). Producer award was shared with co-producer, Karl Steven Awarded Engineer of the Year, 1994 New Zealand Music Awards Churn (Shihad) 1994. US Billboard Visionary Award for Outstanding Producer/Engineer1

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Borland Sidekick<EOT>Sidekick is the most awesome program. Been using it since the early 90's when it was a memory resident program. I am now stuck with the same problem all are facing even though I use sk98 in WIN 7 home edition. Sometimes it loads and other times it does not, but just hangs . Other times it suddenly loads after being hung for a long time. I have given it admin rights, made it win32 compatible and told my virus Mcafee software to allow it to run. Any suggestions welcome. <doc-sep> At $50 for the Borland product vs. the Microsoft $400 compiler, it was a bit like comparing a VW to a Porsche. But while Turbo Pascal was lighter weight for serious development, it was almost as quick for programming and debugging as Microsoft’s BASIC interpreters. And Pascal was the programming language that most computer science students most typically studied. The new Borland product would require serious strategy revisions to the existing plans to port Microsoft Pascal to a new compiler architecture. But it also required thinking about how to address this with our BASIC products. Could a Turbo BASIC be on the horizon? In any case, Gates made it quite clear that he was not happy . One word to this quatation marks discussion… (US) English is the illogic exception to the logic rule. All the world has learned how to write well-formed sentences. When writing XML you wouldn’t write “” either, would you? Hence the question is, what you actually quote — or . In 1985 Atari computers came out with the 520 computer with 64KB of ram with the TOS operating ( BASIC ) system. The screen had folders that your mouse could open with the point and click . It was very popular in Europe, used 3.5 floppy disks with a 3D image screen. Modem connection was 300 baud then but amazingly there was a text to speech software application. <doc-sep> Initial release date: September 1996 Developer: Terminal Reality Platform: Microsoft Windows Hellbender is a simulation video game developed by Terminal Reality and published by Microsoft Game Studios for Windows 95. It is the sequel to Fury3 . A demo version of the game was included on later CD-ROM versions of Windows 95. Gameplay Hellbender features similar gameplay to Fury3 and Terminal Velocity (and is a sequel to Fury3 ). [1] The player is in control of a prototype spacecraft (the "Hellbender") and must fly it around a map, destroying various targets and reaching checkpoints. There are ten weapons available, corresponding to the numerals 1-0 on a qwerty keyboard . The Valkyrie and Laser cannons have unlimited ammo, but there are also dumbfire Sledgehammer rockets, homing Viper missiles, and devastating Doomsday mines[2] Many more weapons are available by collecting power-ups during gameplay. The levels in Hellbender are composed of a few missions that take place on eight different planets. There are typically three missions per planet. Plot Six years after the events depicted in Fury3 , the Bions (an alien race created by Earth scientists which rebelled and became ruthless killing machines) kill all the Coalition's qualified pilots on Sebek. [2] The player's character ("the Councilor") is the last surviving pilot for the Coalition of Independent Planets, the defense group that protects Earth from the Bions. The Bions are now targeting the rest of the Coalition's citizens. The pilot must accomplish various objectives on eight different worlds in order to stop the Bions, save Earth, and win the game. The storyline is a continuation of the storyline from Fury3 . 1

Borland Sidekick

Borland Sidekick was a personal information manager (PIM) that Borland launched in 1984 under Philippe Kahn's leadership. It was an early and popular terminate and stay resident program (TSR) for MS-DOS which enabled computer users to activate the program using a hot key combination (by default:Ctrl-Alt) while working in other programs. Although a text mode program, Sidekick's window-based interface echoed that of the Apple Macintosh and anticipated the eventual look of Microsoft Windows 2.0. It included a personal calendar, text editor (with WordStar-like command interface), calculator, ASCII chart, address book, and phone dialer. According to the prospectus for Borland's initial public offering of stock to the public, Sidekick sold more than 1 million copies in its first three years.

Borland Sidekick was a personal information manager (PIM) that Borland launched in 1984 under Philippe Kahn's leadership. It was an early and popular terminate and stay resident program (TSR) for MS-DOS which enabled computer users to activate the program using a hot key combination (by default:Ctrl-Alt) while working in other programs. Although a text mode program, Sidekick's window-based interface echoed that of the Apple Macintosh and anticipated the eventual look of Microsoft Windows 2.0. It included a personal calendar, text editor (with WordStar-like command interface), calculator, ASCII chart, address book, and phone dialer. According to the prospectus for Borland's initial public offering of stock to the public, Sidekick sold more than 1 million copies in its first three years. == Origin == According to Philippe Kahn, Borland did not originally intend to sell Sidekick. It developed the utility to assist the small company's employees. After several months of use Borland realized that it had a saleable product. == Versions == == MS-DOS == == 1.0 == Sidekick 1.0 included Calculator, Notepad, Appointment Calendar, Auto Dialer, ASCII Table and other tools. == 1.0 Plus == Sidekick 1.0 Plus included a broader selection of calculators (Business, Scientific, Programmer, Formula), a 9-file Notepad text editor, Appointment Book and Scheduler, a terminal communication tool and ASCII Table. In addition to variants on and enhancements to the 1.0 features, Plus included a 9-file Outliner, q file and directory manager, Clipboard, and supported Expanded Memory and a RAM disk. Control+Alt is the default shortcut to open sidekick 1.0 plus == 1.5 == == 2.0 == Sidekick 2.0 was the last MS-DOS version. == Traveling Sidekick == Traveling Sidekick included a 3-ring binder notebook with solar powered pocket calculator, and Sidekick software. == Windows == When Philippe Kahn left Borland in 1994 to found Starfish Software, he acquired all rights to Sidekick from Borland. Starfish's co-founder Sonia Lee Kahn designed the look and feel of Sidekick 95, which was launched simultaneously with Windows 95 with great success. In 1998 Philippe Kahn and Sonia Lee Kahn sold Starfish to Motorola for $325 Million in a private transaction. Software and trademark were sold to become a division of Motorola. Starfish was later bought by Nokia who discontinued the product, with Sidekick 99 being the last version. T-Mobile USA, Inc. currently owns the Sidekick trademark portfolio. Later versions of the program were made available for Windows, with the last versions featuring a phone dialer and syncing with Palm, Windows CE, and EPOC devices. These versions were less popular than the MS-DOS versions, largely because the Windows environment itself provided most of the original version's key features: task switching and a collection of small utilities. It did however, include a monthly/yearly calendar and a world time map showing which parts of the world are currently in daylight or darkness. Up to eight different world cities (which could be edited) were displayed above and below the map. == 1.0 == Sidekick for Windows 1.0 was developed and released by Borland before Kahn left the company. It was designed for Windows 3.1 and included Calendar, To Do List, Contacts, a communication tool and a calculator. However, most of the design and file system came from the YourWay PIM software, purchased by Borland from Prisma Software in 1993. As the November 7, 1994 Info World noted, "Despite its name, the only connection between Sidekick for Windows 1.0 and the venerable Sidekick for MS-DOS is that Borland International owns both programs. Sidekick for Windows is a combination of the calendaring code from Prisma Software Corp.'s Windows PIM YourWay (purchased by Borland last year) and a completely new interface developed by Borland." == 2.0 == Sidekick 2.0 was also developed and initially released by Borland before the move to Starfish. New/modified features included: overlapping appointments in the Scheduler, multiple contact files in the Address Book, print layouts that enabled users to print to commercial day planner pages, View-in-View, Backup & Restore of user's files, password protection. Sidekick Deluxe added more than 40 content files for access to online information, Dashboard 3.0 for Windows, and the "Organized for Success" video. It was distributed in CD format. == Sidekick 95 == Sidekick 95 was a Windows 95 version. Sidekick 95 Deluxe was announced in on October 17, 1995. A 10-user version was announced in February, 1996. It included Write (a word processor with a spell check feature), EarthTime (a clock), Expense (record keeping tools), Reminder (scheduler), Phone Dialer (communication), Contact Manager and Calendar (with an added daily Almanac). Sidekick 95 Deluxe added Dashboard 95, America Online software, 2 interactive organizational videos, over 40 useful content files called Sidekick Companions and electronic versions of the product manuals in Adobe Acrobat format. == Starfish Internet Sidekick == Calendar tools added Activity view, daylight saving time support, web link support for contact files, Contact file synchronization over Sidekick 95. Communications tool adds caller ID, phone dialer, integration with mail software. Spell check adds auto spell check option. Calculator supports unit conversion. New tools include Internet Scheduler, Expense reporter. Expense reporter includes date reporting, tax calculation, drag and drop receipts between folders. == Sidekick 97 == Calendar tools added ability to create web pages from Sidekick Calendar (via WP add-on). Address tools added drag and drop, ability to create web pages from Sidekick Cardfiles (via WP add-on). PDA sync is supported for Palm Pilot, via separate add-on. World Clock supports European Daylight Saving time. Sidekick Web Publisher compatibility is added via separate add-on. == Sidekick 98 == Calendar supports vCalendar, Outlook calendars. Address tools support Outlook calendars. Additional supported PDA sync include Franklin REX. Sync tool can now synchronize To do, Calls, Special Days, Appointments, and Contacts. World clock added world map, Analog or Digital clock format. In addition, features requiring separate add-ons in Sidekick 97 are now standard. Long time users of Sidekick 98 report no difficulties continuing to use the program through subsequent iterations of Windows, up to and including Windows 7. == Sidekick 99 (9.x) == Various tools found in Sidekick 98 are removed in this release, including dialer, back up & restore, calculator (including conversion tools, expense reporter), spell checker, web page generator, Internet scheduler. Address and calendar file format support were reduced, with Outlook support is now import-only. Synchronization tools now support multi-point synchronization, Franklin REX PRO, PALM III PDAs. == OS/2 == Borland Sidekick 2.0 for Presentation Manager was based on Sidekick 2.0 for Windows. == Macintosh == Borland introduced a version for the Apple Macintosh in 1985. == Reception == Borland sold 400,000 copies of Sidekick by September 1985. InfoWorld stated in November 1984 that "whoever wrote this gem understands Murphy's law ... Sidekick stands in the shadows behind whatever program you are using", and noted that for programmers, the software was less expensive "and a lot handier" than a Texas Instruments hexadecimal calculator. The magazine concluded that "Sidekick is a time-saving, frustrating-saving bargain [and] is the first step to making paper and pencil obsolete." Jerry Pournelle praised Sidekick in Byte in October 1984: "Philippe Kahn ... now has a product that IBM PC users won't be able to do without. He ought to sell a zillion copies". Elsewhere in the issue, the magazine stated that Sidekick's existence "seems to point out a major drawback in quite a few integrated software packages. Why should owners of advanced, multifunction business programs that are supposedly easy to use and that claim to solve all problems be compelled to purchase a utility like Sidekick? It makes you wonder about all those advertising claims". In January 1985 Pournelle selected Sidekick as one of his products of the year for the IBM PC. BYTE in 1989 listed SideKick Plus as among the "Distinction" winners of the BYTE Awards, stating "Talk about a bang for the buck".1

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Nick Whalen<EOT>1

Nick Whalen

Nicholas Julian Whalen, MP, (born June 6, 1973) is a Canadian Liberal politician, who was elected to represent the riding of St. John's East in the House of Commons of Canada in the 2015 federal election.

Nicholas Julian Whalen, MP, (born June 6, 1973) is a Canadian Liberal politician, who was elected to represent the riding of St. John's East in the House of Commons of Canada in the 2015 federal election. == Early life and career == Whalen's father, Norman Whalen, was president of the Newfoundland and Labrador Liberal Party in the 1980s, and managed Clyde Wells' 1989 election victory. He attended Queen's University's engineering school, earning both undergraduate and graduate degrees in the field, followed by McGill University law school. Whalen practised law at the law firm McInnes Cooper, specializing in energy law, intellectual property, and corporate and commercial law. He was also, at the time of his election, the only qualified patent agent, and worked with a number of charitable organizations. He had previously served as the local Liberal Party treasurer. == Federal politics == Whalen's election in St. John's East over the popular NDP incumbent, Jack Harris was considered one of the biggest surprises of the 2015 election. In October 2016, Whalen responded to comments over Twitter by Earle McCurdy about the protests opposing the Lower Churchill Project over concerns of methylmercury being spilled into Lake Melville. Whalen responded by tweeting that the methylmercury levels should be monitored and people should compensate when levels are high by eating less fish. Whalen later issued an apology for that comment. == Electoral record == 1

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Boy Waterman<EOT>“He’s client-focused in all areas of work . He is a totally safe pair of hands, committed to his clients, works the jury and judge really well, and achieves fantastic results . He is wonderful to work with .” “He’s probably the cleverest barrister I’ve ever met, he’s super bright . In one sexual offence case, he managed to come up with more legal arguments than I thought were possible .” “My colleagues have worked with him on financial crime . They say he is outstanding, has a fantastic eye for detail and is very good to work with .” 1

Boy Waterman

Boy Waterman (born 24 January 1984 in Lelystad, Flevoland) is a Dutch footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Cypriot First Division side APOEL FC. He was part of the Dutch Under-21 team to win the 2007 Under-21 European Football Championship.

Boy Waterman (born 24 January 1984 in Lelystad, Flevoland) is a Dutch footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Cypriot First Division side APOEL FC. He was part of the Dutch Under-21 team to win the 2007 Under-21 European Football Championship. == Club career == Waterman started his career at SC Heerenveen, debuting in 2004. After being loaned to AZ Alkmaar for half a year he completed a transfer in April 2007. On 10 February 2007, Waterman played his first Eredivisie match for AZ against Willem II. He made his European debut in AZ's 3–3 draw against Fenerbahce (UEFA Cup) on 14 February 2007. In August 2008, he was given by AZ Alkmaar on loan to ADO Den Haag. On 22 February 2010, he joined Viking FK on loan until August. However, the loan deal was cancelled because of a groin injury. After that period Waterman played for De Graafschap, again on loan from AZ Alkmaar. In July 2011, he joined German club Alemannia Aachen, appearing in 30 competitive matches with the club. After Aachen was eventually relegated, he left on a free transfer to PSV Eindhoven. Waterman began the 2012–13 season as PSV's second-choice goalkeeper, behind Przemysław Tytoń. However, after five league games, Waterman was promoted to first-choice goalkeeper by manager Dick Advocaat. On 9 July 2015, Waterman signed a two-year contract with Cypriot club APOEL FC. He made his APOEL debut on 14 July 2015, in his team's 0–0 home draw against FK Vardar for the second qualifying round of the UEFA Champions League. At the end of the season he crowned champion for the first time in his career, as APOEL managed to win the Cypriot First Division title for a fourth time in the row. On 15 May 2017, Waterman signed a two-year contract extension with APOEL, running until June 2019. == International career == In 2007 Waterman was called up by Jong Oranje coach Foppe de Haan to be part of his squad for the 2007 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship held in the Netherlands. Waterman was De Haan's first goalkeeper for the tournament and helped his team in their first match against Israel to a 1–0 victory. He also started in their second match against Portugal but was substituted by Kenneth Vermeer in the first half with a back injury. The match against Portugal was eventually won and the Dutch managed to qualify for the semi finals of the tournament as well as for the 2008 Summer Olympics. In the semi finals Waterman returned on the pitch and The Netherlands eliminated England after a 1–1 draw with 13–12 in a penalty shootout with 32 penalty kicks taken, with Waterman stopping three English penalties and scoring one himself. The Dutch went on to retain their 2006 title by beating Serbia 4–1 in the final. == Club statistics == Appearances in UEFA Europa League Appearances in UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League Appearances in Cypriot Super Cup == Honours == == Club == PSV Eindhoven Johan Cruijff Shield: 2012 APOEL Cypriot First Division: 2015–16, 2016–17 == International == Netherlands U-21 UEFA European Under-21 Championship: 20071

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Schoenoplectus acutus<EOT>1

Schoenoplectus acutus

Schoenoplectus acutus (syn. Scirpus acutus, Schoenoplectus lacustris, Scirpus lacustris subsp. acutus), called tule /ˈtuːliː/, common tule, hardstem tule, tule rush, hardstem bulrush, or viscid bulrush, is a giant species of sedge in the plant family Cyperaceae, native to freshwater marshes all over North America. The common name derives from the Nāhuatl word tōllin [ˈtoːlːin], and was first applied by the early settlers from New Spain who recognized the marsh plants in the Central Valley of California as similar to those in the marshes around Mexico City. Tules once lined the shores of Tulare Lake, California, formerly the largest freshwater lake in the western United States, until it was drained by land speculators in the 20th century. The expression "out in the tules" is still common, deriving from the dialect of old Californian families and means "where no one would want to live", with a touch of irony. The phrase is comparable to "out in the boondocks". Schoenoplectus acutus has a thick, rounded green stem growing to 1 to 3 m (3 to 10 ft) tall, with long, grasslike leaves, and radially symmetrical, clustered, pale brownish flowers. Tules at shorelines play an important ecological role, helping to buffer against wind and water forces, thereby allowing the establishment of other types of plants and reducing erosion. Tules are sometimes cleared from waterways using herbicides. When erosion occurs, tule rhizomes are replanted in strategic areas. The two varieties are: Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus – northern and eastern North America Schoenoplectus acutus var. occidentalis – southwestern North America

Schoenoplectus acutus (syn. Scirpus acutus, Schoenoplectus lacustris, Scirpus lacustris subsp. acutus), called tule /ˈtuːliː/, common tule, hardstem tule, tule rush, hardstem bulrush, or viscid bulrush, is a giant species of sedge in the plant family Cyperaceae, native to freshwater marshes all over North America. The common name derives from the Nāhuatl word tōllin [ˈtoːlːin], and was first applied by the early settlers from New Spain who recognized the marsh plants in the Central Valley of California as similar to those in the marshes around Mexico City. Tules once lined the shores of Tulare Lake, California, formerly the largest freshwater lake in the western United States, until it was drained by land speculators in the 20th century. The expression "out in the tules" is still common, deriving from the dialect of old Californian families and means "where no one would want to live", with a touch of irony. The phrase is comparable to "out in the boondocks". Schoenoplectus acutus has a thick, rounded green stem growing to 1 to 3 m (3 to 10 ft) tall, with long, grasslike leaves, and radially symmetrical, clustered, pale brownish flowers. Tules at shorelines play an important ecological role, helping to buffer against wind and water forces, thereby allowing the establishment of other types of plants and reducing erosion. Tules are sometimes cleared from waterways using herbicides. When erosion occurs, tule rhizomes are replanted in strategic areas. The two varieties are: Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus – northern and eastern North America Schoenoplectus acutus var. occidentalis – southwestern North America == History and culture == Dyed and woven, tules are used to make baskets, bowls, mats, hats, clothing, duck decoys, and even boats by Native American groups. At least two tribes, the Wanapum and the Pomo people, constructed tule houses as recently as the 1950s and still do for special occasions. Bay Miwok, Coast Miwok, and Ohlone peoples used the tule in the manufacture of canoes or balsas, for transportation across the San Francisco Bay and using the marine and wetland resources. Northern groups of Chumash used the tule in the manufacture of canoes rather than the sewn-plank tomol usually used by Chumash and used them to gather marine harvests. The Paiutes named a neighboring tribe the Si-Te-Cah in their language, meaning tule eaters. The young sprouts and shoots can be eaten raw and the rhizomes and unripe flower heads can be boiled as vegetables. At least one historic account mentions the use of a tule stem as an underwater breathing mechanism. One of the few Pomo survivors of the Bloody Island Massacre (also called the Clear Lake Massacre) in Northern California, a 6-year-old girl named Ni'ka, or Lucy Moore, evaded the United States Cavalry by hiding underwater and breathing through a tule reed, and was thereby able to survive. Her descendants have since formed the Lucy Moore Foundation to work for better relations between the Pomo and residents of California. It is so common in wetlands in California, several places in the state were named for it, including Tulare (a tulare is a tule marsh). Tule Lake is near the Oregon border and includes Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge. It was the site of an internment camp for Japanese Americans during World War II, imprisoning 18,700 people at its peak. The town of Tulelake is northeast of the lake. California also has a Tule River. The Tule Desert is located in Arizona and Nevada. Nevada also has Tule Springs. California's dense, ground-hugging tule fog is named for the plant, as are the tule elk and tule perch. The giant garter snake (Thamnophis gigas) was historically closely associated with tule marshes in California's Central Valley.1

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Esther Snyder<EOT>1

Esther Snyder

Esther Lavelle Snyder (née Johnson) (January 7, 1920 – August 4, 2006) was an American businesswoman. She co-founded In-N-Out Burger, with her husband Harry Snyder, in 1948.

Esther Lavelle Snyder (née Johnson) (January 7, 1920 – August 4, 2006) was an American businesswoman. She co-founded In-N-Out Burger, with her husband Harry Snyder, in 1948. == Early life == Snyder was born and raised in Sorento, Illinois as one of eight children (seven daughters, one son). She attended Greenville College and graduated from Seattle Pacific University with a bachelor's degree in Zoology. == Marriage and family == She met Harry Snyder in 1947, while working at a restaurant in Seattle; the two were married the following year and moved to Baldwin Park, California. Esther and Harry Snyder had two sons: Harry Guy (more commonly referred to by simply "Guy"; born 1951) and Richard Snyder (born 1952) and one granddaughter from their first son Guy: Lynsi (born 1982). She outlived her husband, who died in 1976 and both of their sons, of whom one died in a plane crash and the other succumbed to a drug overdose. == Death == She died on August 4, 2006 in Baldwin Park, California, aged 86, from undisclosed causes. She is survived by her only grandchild, Lynsi Snyder-Ellingson , who is now the heir to the In-N-Out Burger company. == Esther Snyder Community Center == Since the In-N-Out Burgers were started in the city of Baldwin Park in California, the city named their own community center after Esther Snyder.1

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Coan Baptist Church<EOT>1

Coan Baptist Church

Coan Baptist Church, also known as Wicomico Church, is a historic Baptist church located near Heathsville, Northumberland County, Virginia. It was built in 1846, and is a rectangular, two-story, gable-roofed, brick structure. It has Federal and Greek Revival style design elements. Additions were made in 1957 and 1975. The congregation was founded in 1804 as the Wicomico Church. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.1

Coan Baptist Church, also known as Wicomico Church, is a historic Baptist church located near Heathsville, Northumberland County, Virginia. It was built in 1846, and is a rectangular, two-story, gable-roofed, brick structure. It has Federal and Greek Revival style design elements. Additions were made in 1957 and 1975. The congregation was founded in 1804 as the Wicomico Church. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.1

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DaMarques Johnson<EOT>1

DaMarques Johnson

DaMarques Johnson (born June 28, 1982) is an American mixed martial artist. He was the Welterweight runner-up on The Ultimate Fighter: United States vs. United Kingdom.

DaMarques Johnson (born June 28, 1982) is an American mixed martial artist. He was the Welterweight runner-up on The Ultimate Fighter: United States vs. United Kingdom. == Background == Johnson was born and raised in West Jordan, Utah, he and his family were poor and lived in a rough part of the town. Johnson was primarily raised by his Mormon mother, as his father died when he was nine years old. Johnson attended and graduated from Kearns High School, where he competed in wrestling and basketball and would often get into fights. In 2000, Johnson joined the United States Army and National Guard, an option given to him as a kid to get out of some trouble. Johnson, who was a standout in hand to hand combat, worked in the S-1 and did paperwork for other soldiers while assigned to a Special Forces group. It was in 2001, while still enlisted, when a fellow soldier in his platoon introduced to Johnson to Brazilian jiu-jitsu. He trained at Close Combat Institute (CCI) After returning to civilian life following his eight years of active duty, he met Jeremy Horn and began training in mixed martial arts at his gym. Before taping for the Ultimate Fighter, DaMarques taught children's Brazilian jiu-jitsu classes at Sandy's Elite Performance gym. == Mixed martial arts career == == Early career == Johnson, who in the earlier portions of his career fought as high in the weight classes as Heavyweight had his first fight in 2005, losing by technical knockout. He was submitted by the highly regarded Brock Larson in his second fight. In his third professional fight, Johnson had his first win at a King of the Cage event, winning the fight by submission due to punches. == The Ultimate Fighter == Johnson appeared on The Ultimate Fighter: United States vs. United Kingdom. He defeated Ray Elbe by technical knockout in an elimination match earning him a spot on the United States team. Johnson won his second fight against Dean Amasinger by submission using a triangle choke, which is noted by his coaches and teammates to be his signature submission move. Johnson won his semi-final match up against Nick Osipczak by unanimous decision. This win earned him the first spot in the Welterweight Finals. Johnson also gained notoriety throughout the series due to his ongoing feud with Team UK coach Michael Bisping. Tensions reached an all-time high after Bisping squirted water into Johnson's face citing that Johnson had made a racist comment toward him earlier in the week. However, the comment was made by fellow USA teammate Cameron Dollar, causing Bisping to apologize to Johnson for his behavior. == Ultimate Fighting Championship == Johnson lost his UFC debut when he fought James Wilks on June 20, 2009 in Las Vegas to crown the TUF 9 welterweight winner. Johnson tapped out to a rear-naked choke with six seconds left in round one. After the finale, Johnson was offered a multi-fight contract with the UFC. Johnson was scheduled to face off against Peter Sobotta on November 14, 2009 at UFC 105, but the bout was cancelled due to a military commitment for Sobotta. Johnson instead fought and defeated Edgar García via submission (triangle choke) in the first round at UFC 107, earning him a Submission of the Night bonus. UFC.com ranked the submission fourth in the UFC's 2009 Submission of Year and had honorable mention for UFC's 2009 Fight of the Year. At UFC 112, Johnson fought seasoned veteran Brad Blackburn, defeating him via third-round TKO with a kick to the body and follow up punches. Johnson received his second UFC bonus, winning Knockout of the Night honors. Johnson then faced Matthew Riddle on August 1, 2010, at UFC on Versus 2. However, Johnson weighed in at 172.5 lb (and only lost half a pound after the weigh-in). Johnson had to give up 20% of his purse to Riddle. Riddle defeated Johnson via TKO in the second round. Johnson next faced Mike Guymon on January 22, 2011 at UFC Fight Night 23. He won the fight via verbal submission in the first round after applying a body triangle. Johnson faced Amir Sadollah on March 26, 2011 at UFC Fight Night 24, replacing an injured James Wilks on just two weeks notice. Johnson lost the bout in the second round after tapping out to elbows while he was trapped in the 'gift wrap' control. Johnson was expected to face Clay Harvison on September 17, 2011 at UFC Fight Night 25 However, Johnson was forced from the bout with an injury and replaced by Seth Baczynski. Johnson/Harvison took place on November 12, 2011 at UFC on Fox 1. Johnson won the fight via first round KO after hitting Harvison with an uppercut that knocked him down and seemingly unconscious. Johnson fought British fighter John Maguire on April 14, 2012 at UFC on Fuel TV: Gustafsson vs. Silva. He lost the fight via submission in the second round. Johnson faced Mike Swick on August 4, 2012 at UFC on FOX 4. Swick rocked Johnson early in the first round but Johnson weathered the storm and seemed to have the advantage at the end of the round with his grappling. Early in the second round Swick leg swept Johnson to the ground and finished him off with a punch; followed by two more strikes to an already unconscious Johnson. Johnson was tabbed as a short notice replacement and faced promotional newcomer Gunnar Nelson at a catchweight of 175 lbs. on September 29, 2012 at UFC on Fuel TV 5, replacing an injured Pascal Krauss. Johnson did not make weight, coming in at 183 lbs. and lost the fight via first round submission due to a rear naked choke. After his loss to Nelson and missing weight by 8 lbs., Johnson was released from the UFC. == Post-UFC career == Johnson was expected to face Jason South at Showdown Fights 10 on February 8, 2013, however the bout was cancelled prior to the event. Finally, over a year after his UFC release, Johnson faced Ian Williams at Cage Warrior Combat 9 on November 2, 2013. He lost the fight via split decision. He was then expected to face Indalecio Tat Romero at Dakota FC: Winter Brawl on January 11, 2014. However, Johnson was forced out of the bout due to injury. He was expected to face Dan Stittgen in the main event of APFC 16 on April 5, 2014, however Johnson was removed from the bout and the fight was cancelled. Johnson fought Matt Dwyer at Battlefield Fight League 30 on May 23, 2014. He lost via second round TKO, bringing his losing streak to five in a row. == Personal life == Johnson has a son. == Championships and accomplishments == Throwdown Showdown TS Welterweight Championship (One time) Ultimate Fighting Championship Submission of the Night (One time) vs. Edgar García Knockout of the Night (One time) vs. Brad Blackburn == Mixed martial arts record == 1

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Lavender Doe<EOT>1

Lavender Doe

Lavender Doe is the nickname given to an unidentified murder victim whose body was found in 2006 in Kilgore, Texas. Efforts to identify the remains and discover the killer have thus far proven fruitless. Investigators hope that a new reconstruction of the victim may uncover more leads.

Lavender Doe is the nickname given to an unidentified murder victim whose body was found in 2006 in Kilgore, Texas. Efforts to identify the remains and discover the killer have thus far proven fruitless. Investigators hope that a new reconstruction of the victim may uncover more leads. == Discovery == The body of a white or possibly Hispanic female between 17 and 25 years old was found on October 6, 2006 (some sources say October 29) in Kilgore, Texas, lying face-down on a pile of burning brush. The body was severely burnt, but clothing including a purple sweater and a pair of jeans were recovered. A total of forty dollars was found in her pockets. Two of her deciduous teeth were still present, which may be of help in determining her identity. She weighed approximately 100 to 120 pounds, was between 5 feet 3 inches and 5 feet 5 inches tall and was most likely from a middle-class household. The victim's hair color was likely reddish or blonde with blonde or red highlights, but may have been entirely strawberry-blonde or light brown. Initially, she was believed to have been as young as 13, and race and sex were considered unknown until further study. Due to the recovery of an empty gasoline can from the scene and the nature of her death, the case is being investigated as a homicide. Semen was found on forensic examination, indicating that she may have been a victim of rape prior to death. == Investigation == According to residents of the area, there were many "suspicious people" in the vicinity of the oil field where the body was discovered and some referred to the location as a "killing ground." Because of the condition of the body, the face was reconstructed three times—with clay, in a sketch by a forensic artist, and in January 2014, the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children released a digital composite image produced from a CT scan after the remains were exhumed on October 2, 2013. Despite comparison with the dental records and DNA of a large number of missing persons, the search for her identity has remained fruitless. After the release of the most recent reconstruction, the mother of missing 23-year-old Brandi Wells, who disappeared after going out to a nightclub in Longview, Texas in August 2006, contacted authorities, feeling the composite strongly resembled her daughter. DNA testing eliminated the possibility that the unidentified body could be Brandi Wells. In 2007, a suspect in the case emerged, Joseph Wayne Burnett, 36, who is a convicted sex offender and is currently imprisoned for another crime. Burnett has denied involvement in the murder.1

0.1870

Chilo plejadellus<EOT>1

Chilo plejadellus

Chilo plejadellus, the rice stalk borer moth, is a moth in the Crambidae family. It is found in North America, including Illinois, Ontario, Quebec, Pennsylvania, Georgia, Louisiana, Wisconsin, Texas and Arkansas. The wingspan is 20–40 mm. The forewings are white or pale brown with black scales. Forewing edges have a row of metallic gold scales and black dots. The hindwings are white or pale brown. The larvae are a minor pest of rice. Early instars enter the rice plant stem by chewing a hole either behind the leaf sheath or near the base of the panicle. Several larvae enter the stem from a single hole. They initially feed on the inner stem tissues but eat into the lower larger part of the stem. Later instars keep feeding on tissue until only a single thin layer of tissue covers a circular hole in the stem above the water line. They overwinter in a rice stubble. Pupation occurs in the spring and adults emerge in May. The larvae are light brown with one dark brown and one light brown stripe along each side of the body. They reach a length of 25–40 mm.1

Chilo plejadellus, the rice stalk borer moth, is a moth in the Crambidae family. It is found in North America, including Illinois, Ontario, Quebec, Pennsylvania, Georgia, Louisiana, Wisconsin, Texas and Arkansas. The wingspan is 20–40 mm. The forewings are white or pale brown with black scales. Forewing edges have a row of metallic gold scales and black dots. The hindwings are white or pale brown. The larvae are a minor pest of rice. Early instars enter the rice plant stem by chewing a hole either behind the leaf sheath or near the base of the panicle. Several larvae enter the stem from a single hole. They initially feed on the inner stem tissues but eat into the lower larger part of the stem. Later instars keep feeding on tissue until only a single thin layer of tissue covers a circular hole in the stem above the water line. They overwinter in a rice stubble. Pupation occurs in the spring and adults emerge in May. The larvae are light brown with one dark brown and one light brown stripe along each side of the body. They reach a length of 25–40 mm.1

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Myracle Brah<EOT>9. The Plimsouls, The Plimsouls . . . Plus: Some of this supplied one of the soundtracks to my high school years. Its Power Pop, but with some R&B and garage rock sprinkled into the mix. “Zero Hour,” “Now,” “Everyday Things,” “Great Big World,” “How Long Will It Take” and “Great Big World” remain perennials for me more than thirty years later. 1

Myracle Brah

Myracle Brah is an American indie pop/power pop band primarily centered on singer-songwriter Andy Bopp. It is based out of Baltimore, Maryland. The group consists of Bopp, Paul Krysiak (bassist, piano player, and vocalist), Marty Canelli (organist), Joe Parsons (drummer), and Greg Schroeder (drummer). It was previously signed to Universal Music Group.

Myracle Brah is an American indie pop/power pop band primarily centered on singer-songwriter Andy Bopp. It is based out of Baltimore, Maryland. The group consists of Bopp, Paul Krysiak (bassist, piano player, and vocalist), Marty Canelli (organist), Joe Parsons (drummer), and Greg Schroeder (drummer). It was previously signed to Universal Music Group. == History == Bopp was a key frontman and primary songwriter of the group Lovenut. He formed Myracle Brah after their label, Interscope Records, dropped Lovenut. Their first album, Life On Planet Eartsnop, was released in 1998. Mojo Magazine named it as one of the best guitar-pop records of the last 10 years. Allmusic gave it 4.5 out of 5 stars and cited it as an "album pick". Reviewer Jason Ankeny commented, "Myracle Brah's debut captures the sound and spirit of the classic power pop era to perfection". Bopp recorded the album in his own bedroom with an eight track, which took place from about November 1997 to December 1997. Despite positive reviews, Life On Planet Eartsnop failed to achieve commercial success in the United States. It sold much better overseas, particularly in Japan. From 2000 to 2001, the group toured in Spain, the Netherlands, Germany, and England. The group went on to release eight albums, which did not achieve as much recognition, and most are currently out of print. Some are, however, available digitally. The 2006 album, 'Treblemaker' was produced by Dave Nachodsky, at Invisible Sound Studios. Major influences for the groups sound are [Ian Forworth, Mott the Hoople, and Small Faces> Andy Bopp is currently in the rock band Alto Verde and the country/rockabilly band The Bleaker Street Cowboys. == Discography == 1

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Anselm Adodo<EOT>1

Anselm Adodo

Adodo Anselm Gbenga (b.1969) is a Nigerian scholar who is a pioneer of Alternative medicine in Africa. He is also Benedictine monk and priest of the Roman Catholic Church in Edo state Nigeria. He founded Nigeria’s first Alternative medicine and research laboratory enterprise in Nigeria known as Pax Herbal Clinic and Research Laboratories in 1997. He started the herbal enterprise as a little herbal clinic venture in Ewu Monastery meant to offer herbal remedy to common ailments like cough and malaria to nearby villagers. Successes with treated patients meant information about the nascent herbal clinic at the monastery quickly spread to surrounding towns and beyond in a short space of time. Adodo joined the Ewu Monastery in 1987 where he continues to live, pray, work, and study as a monk and an Alternative Medicine practitioner. As a writer, he has written several books on Alternative Medicine, Nutrition and Health, and Epidemiology.

Adodo Anselm Gbenga (b.1969) is a Nigerian scholar who is a pioneer of Alternative medicine in Africa. He is also Benedictine monk and priest of the Roman Catholic Church in Edo state Nigeria. He founded Nigeria’s first Alternative medicine and research laboratory enterprise in Nigeria known as Pax Herbal Clinic and Research Laboratories in 1997. He started the herbal enterprise as a little herbal clinic venture in Ewu Monastery meant to offer herbal remedy to common ailments like cough and malaria to nearby villagers. Successes with treated patients meant information about the nascent herbal clinic at the monastery quickly spread to surrounding towns and beyond in a short space of time. Adodo joined the Ewu Monastery in 1987 where he continues to live, pray, work, and study as a monk and an Alternative Medicine practitioner. As a writer, he has written several books on Alternative Medicine, Nutrition and Health, and Epidemiology. == Early Life and Career == Adodo was born in his family home to a Yoruba family in Akure, Ondo state of Nigeria. His father Adebayo Adodo(1936 - 1988) is from the Oba-Ile axis of Akure, a prominent academician and wealthy entrepreneur owned one of the biggest frozen fish warehouse in Akure in the 1970s. His mother Mary Omodun Adodo (nee Falodun)(born 1939) is from the Falodun royal family in Akure known for their vast cocoa plantations. == Family and Personal Life == Adodo is the third of five children of his parents. Bankole Adodo, Funke Adodo, Anselm Adodo, Bandele(Dele) Adodo, and Omotola(Tola) Adodo are all siblings of same parents. Adebayo Adodo was the son of Adesida, a prominent Akure businessman. Mrs Mary Adodo (nee Falodun) is the daughter Peter falodun. == Education and Monastic Journey == In 1979, Adodo joined the St. Thomas Aquinas College Akure to begin his secondary school education. By the year 1985, he had successfully completed his secondary school education and was awarded a West African school certificate. When he visited Ewu Monastery in 1987, it was the peace and tranquility of the natural environment that really struck him. Finally, in November of 1987, he abandoned his university admission in order to join the monastery. As a monk of Ewu Monastery, he obtained a Higher Diploma in Scholastic Philosophy from Ewu Monastery studium of Philosophy in 1992. Thereafter, Adodo went on to the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, in Enugu State Nigeria, to further his academic career and it was there he studied till 1995 before he was award a Bachelor of Art in Religious Studies. His next academic effort was with Duquesne University, Pennsylvania, USA starting in 1995 until 1997 where he was awarded a Masters degree Systematic Theology. Also, from 2015 he studied at University of Benin (Nigeria) which earned him a Ph.D in Medical Sociology by 2017. Da vinci Institute, South Africa also awarded him a Ph.D (Management of Technology and Innovation systems) 2015 for his doctoral studies which he started in 2012. He is an adjunct professor at Institute of African Studies (IAS), University of Ibadan, Nigeria (where he teaches African Transformation Studies and Traditional African Medicine) and is also Chief Executive Officer at Paxherbals and director of Ofure(Pax) Integral Research and Development Initiative. == Alternative Medicine == == Philosophy == Adodo prefers the term "African Medicine" to "Traditional Medicine". He defines African medicine as a system of healing grounded in an African world view, culture, and accumulated beliefs and practices, which proffers solutions to physical and spiritual ailments through the use of herbs and other plants. African medicine, he believes, is founded on indigenous, biological, and medico-spiritual theories and concept of the human body; the role of the individual as a member of the community; and their relationship with the community, with the environment and with nature. == Background == In the early 1990s, Adodo undertook his fist study on how people survive based on what they have: indigenous knowledge. Traveling around Nigeria at the time, he was amazed by what he observed. He saw native traditional healers and how they struggled but also how they healed and cured people. Adodo said, he felt called to preserved their knowledge. They were not documenting their knowledge and what they know was too valuable to lose. He made a commitment to start documenting herbal remedies. Adodo said he explained to the traditional healers he encountered that this was the only way their knowledge would survive. The time had come to move indigenous knowledge from implicit knowledge, passed from one generation to the next orally, to explicit knowledge that was documented and shared more widely. That in doing so, more people could build on it. Indigenous medicinal knowledge has a unique place in healing and well-being. Nature has granted us the tools to prepare life-saving medications from its herbs and grasses, but that this potency must be verified as African medicine is moving towards evidence-based medicine. == Honours == In 2014, Adodo was awarded the Award of Excellence in Category, Herbal Drug Production from Westerm African Network Of Natural Products Research Scientist (WANNPRES) at Ede (Old) Road, Osogbo. Fellow, Nigeria Society of Botanists == Works == Adodo has written books which includes: Herbs for healing. Receiving God’s Healing Through nature (1997). Ilorin: Decency Printers Nature power - A Christian Approach to Herbal Medicine (2000). Akure: Don Bosco Publishers The Healing Radiance of the Soul. A Guide to Holistic Healing (2003). Lagos: Agelex Publication New Frontiers in African Medicine (2005). Lagos: Metropolitan Publishers; Herbal Medicine and the Revival of African Civilization (2010). Lagos: Zoe Communications Disease and Dietary Patterns in Edo Central Nigeria. An epidemiological survey (2013) Germany: Lambert Academic Publishing Nature Power: Natural Medicine in Tropical Africa (2013 revised edition). UK: AuthorHouse Integral Community Enterprise in Africa. Communitalism as an Alternative to Capitalism (2017) London: Routledge.1

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LEM domain-containing protein 3<EOT>1

LEM domain-containing protein 3

LEM domain-containing protein 3 (LEMD3), also known as MAN1, is an integral protein in the inner nuclear membrane (INM) of the nuclear envelope. It is encoded by the LEMD3 gene and was first identified after it was isolated from the serum of a patient with a collagen vascular disease.

LEM domain-containing protein 3 (LEMD3), also known as MAN1, is an integral protein in the inner nuclear membrane (INM) of the nuclear envelope. It is encoded by the LEMD3 gene and was first identified after it was isolated from the serum of a patient with a collagen vascular disease. == Structure == The protein is 82.3 kDa and has a 40 amino acid long LEM domain located at its amino-terminal region. In its carboxyl end it has a RNA recognition motif (RRM). The LEM domain is also common to two other integral proteins of the INM: lamina-associated polypeptide 2 (LAP2) and emerin. The LEM segment enables LEMD3 to attach to the barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF), and therefore, indirectly interact with the chromatin. LEMD3 also has several implications in regulating the cytokine family such as the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and bone morphogenic protein (BMPs). The RRM domain in its carboxylic region attaches to the SMAD (protein) proteins, which is involved in mediating TGF-β cellular signalling. Consequently, LEMD3 indirectly regulates downstream genes. LEMD3 seems to play an important role in regulating the expression of several fundamental genes. == LEMD3 and disease == LEMD3 has been associated with laminopathies as well as osteopoikilosis. Mutations in the LEMD3 gene have been linked to several genetic diseases such as osteopoikilosis, melorheostosis and Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome.1

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Misfire: The Rise and Fall of the Shooting Gallery<EOT>1

Misfire: The Rise and Fall of the Shooting Gallery

Misfire: The Rise and Fall of the Shooting Gallery is a 2013 documentary about the American independent film distributor The Shooting Gallery, directed by Whitney Ransick. The film had its world premiere on 11 October 2013 at the Hamptons International Film Festival.

Misfire: The Rise and Fall of the Shooting Gallery is a 2013 documentary about the American independent film distributor The Shooting Gallery, directed by Whitney Ransick. The film had its world premiere on 11 October 2013 at the Hamptons International Film Festival. == Synopsis == The documentary looks at the independent film distribution company The Shooting Gallery, which experienced a rise in popularity due to their distribution of films like You Can Count on Me and Laws of Gravity. Ransick looks at the company starting with their start in the early nineties to their crash in later years. == Cast == Ray Angelic Miguel Arteta Mark Chandler Bailey Eamonn Bowles Peter Broderick Maggie Carino Ganias Jamie Chvotkin Barry Cole Edie Falco Hampton Fancher George Feaster F.X. Feeney James Foley Elizabeth Garnder Steven Gaydos Nick Gomez Bob Gosse Matthew Harrison Ted Hope J. Christian Ingvordsen William Jennings Eli Kabilio Jason Kliot Danny Leiner Tim Blake Nelson Amy Nicken Amos Poe Whitney Ransick Brandon Rosser Larry Russo James Scahmus John Sloss Holly Sorenson Paul Speaker Michael Spiller Morgan Spurlock Henry Thomas Lina Todd Adam Trese Robin Tunney Christine Vachon Chris Walsh Boaz Yakin == Reception == Indiewire gave a favorable review of Misfire: The Rise and Fall of the Shooting Gallery, writing that "What makes “Misfire” so powerful is that it isn’t just the story of the Shooting Gallery — which is tragic but one that doesn’t resonate all that well today because their output was often iffy and unmemorable — but the story of independent cinema of that period." The Hollywood Reporter and Grolsch Film Works were more mixed in their reviews and The Hollywood Reporter commented that "Gosse comes across sympathetically, and the film captures the shock of the company's 2001 collapse. But the "rise and fall" chronology is thinner than it should be, leaving us to marvel at the train wreck without exposing anything new about its causes."1

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Osteoid osteoma<EOT>There is a trial ongoing at Children's National Medical Center in Washington, DC. For more information, contact Amanda Mahoney, MA at 202-476-2263 or . 1

Osteoid osteoma

An osteoid osteoma is a benign bone tumor that arises from osteoblasts and was originally thought to be a smaller version of an osteoblastoma. Osteoid osteomas tend to be less than 1.5 cm in size. The tumor can be in any bone in the body but are most common in long bones, such as the femur and tibia. They account for 10 to 12 percent of all benign bone tumors. "Osteoid osteomas may occur at any age, and are most common in patients between the ages of 4 and 25 years old. Males are affected approximately three times more commonly than females."

An osteoid osteoma is a benign bone tumor that arises from osteoblasts and was originally thought to be a smaller version of an osteoblastoma. Osteoid osteomas tend to be less than 1.5 cm in size. The tumor can be in any bone in the body but are most common in long bones, such as the femur and tibia. They account for 10 to 12 percent of all benign bone tumors. "Osteoid osteomas may occur at any age, and are most common in patients between the ages of 4 and 25 years old. Males are affected approximately three times more commonly than females." == Presentation == Characterized by being less than 1.5 cm in diameter, osteoid osteomas most frequently occur in young men (Male:Female ratio 3:1) and may occur in any bone of the body, most frequently around the knee but often also seen in the vertebrae, in the long bones and less commonly in the mandible or other craniofacial bones. Severe pain typically occurs at night, but can also be constant at any time of day. The chief complaint may only be of dull pain which is non radiating and persistent throughout 24 hours but increases significantly at night. Pain tends to be relieved with NSAIDs such as ibuprofen. == Histological Findings == On histological examination osteoid osteoma consists of a small (< 1.5–2 cm), yellowish to red nidus of osteoid and woven bone with interconnected trabeculae, and a background and rim of highly vascularized, fibrous connective tissue. Varying degrees of sclerotic bone reaction may surround the lesion. Benign osteoblastoma is virtually indistinguishable from osteoid osteoma. The usual appearance included a fibrovascular stroma with numerous osteoblasts, osteoid tissue, well-formed woven bone, and giant cells. The osteoblasts were generally small and regular in shape. == Symptoms == The most common symptoms of an Osteoid Osteoma are: dull pain that escalates to severe at night OR slight pain, rising to become severe even at nighttime, affecting sleep quality limping muscle atrophy bowing deformity swelling increased or decreased bone growth The most common symptom is pain that can be relieved with over the counter pain medication in the beginning. After the benign tumor develops further the pain can not be alleviated with medication and minor to severe swelling starts to occur. Although, in some cases the pain level remains the same for years, and regular NSAIDs intake keeps the pain at bay. The tumor is often found through x-ray imaging. "Conventional radiographs reveal a well-demarcated lytic lesion (nidus) surrounded by a distinct zone of sclerosis" that allow doctors to identify the tumor. == Diagnosis == Radiographs in osteoid osteoma typically show a round lucency, containing a dense sclerotic central nidus (the characteristic lesion in this kind of tumor), surrounded by sclerotic bone. The nidus is seldom larger than 1.5 cm. The lesion can in most cases be detected on CT scan, bone scans and angiograms. Plain radiographs are not always diagnostic. MRI adds little to the CT findings which are useful for localisation. Radionuclide scanning shows intense uptake which is useful for localisation at surgery using a hand held detector, and for confirmation that the entire lesion has been removed. == Treatment == Pain may be relieved by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Treatment varies based on the health of the patient. If he/she is otherwise healthy and is not significantly bothered by the pain, the tumor is treated symptomatically with anti-inflammatories. If this therapy fails or the location of the tumor could lead to growth disturbances, scoliosis, or osteoarthritis, surgical or percutaneous ablation may be considered. If surgery is preferred, the individual may be referred to a podiatrist or an orthopedic surgeon to perform the procedure. Post-surgery therapy and strengthening may be needed, depending on the tumor location and health of the individual. While shown to be effective, surgical resection has many potential complications, including difficult intraoperative identification of the tumor, local recurrence from incomplete resection, and resection of weight bearing bone that can necessitate prolonged hospital stays and complicate recovery. Recently, CT guided radiofrequency ablation has emerged as a less invasive alternative to surgical resection. In this technique, which can be performed under conscious sedation, a RF probe is introduced into the tumor nidus through a cannulated needle under CT guidance and heat is applied locally to destroy tumor cells. Since the procedure was first introduced for the treatment of osteoid osteomas in the early 1990s, it has been shown in numerous studies to be less invasive and expensive, to result in less bone destruction and to have equivalent safety and efficacy to surgical techniques, with 66 to 96% of patients reporting freedom from symptoms. While initial success rates with RFA are high, symptom recurrence after RFA treatment has been reported, with some studies demonstrating a recurrence rate similar to that of surgical treatment. As of July 17, 2014, treatment with incisionless surgery utilizing an MRI to guide high-intensity ultrasound waves to destroy a benign bone tumor in the leg has been demonstrated.1

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Worcester Worcesters<EOT>1

Worcester Worcesters

The Worcester Worcesters were a 19th-century Major League Baseball team from 1880 to 1882 in the National League. The team is referred to, at times, as the Brown Stockings or the Ruby Legs; however, no contemporary sources from the time exist that support the use of either name. The Ruby Legs played their home games at the Worcester Driving Park Grounds in the Worcester Agricultural Fairgrounds, located south of Highland Street between Sever Street and Russell Street in Worcester, Massachusetts.

The Worcester Worcesters were a 19th-century Major League Baseball team from 1880 to 1882 in the National League. The team is referred to, at times, as the Brown Stockings or the Ruby Legs; however, no contemporary sources from the time exist that support the use of either name. The Ruby Legs played their home games at the Worcester Driving Park Grounds in the Worcester Agricultural Fairgrounds, located south of Highland Street between Sever Street and Russell Street in Worcester, Massachusetts. == History == In 1879, Worcester played in the minor league National Association. The National League was interested in Worcester as a potential replacement for the failed Syracuse Stars franchise primarily based on the performance of their ace pitcher, Lee Richmond, who pitched several exhibition games against National League opponents and went 6–2. He also pitched and won one game for the Boston Red Stockings. To admit Worcester to the National League, the league's board of directors waived the requirement that league cities have a population of at least 75,000 (Worcester's population was 58,000). To raise the capital to support their entry into the major leagues, the team sold shares for $35 (with the price including a season ticket), sponsored a walking race that attracted 3,000 people, arranged for discount packages of train fare and baseball tickets for fans from outside the city, and held benefit concerts and dramatic performances. In December 1879, Worcester became the first professional baseball team to visit Cuba. The trip was a financial failure, as they were only able to play two games against Cuban teams. On June 12, 1880, pitcher Lee Richmond threw the first perfect game in Major League history, against the Cleveland Blues. The team made history again on August 20 of the same year by becoming the first team to be no-hit at home, when Pud Galvin of the Buffalo Bisons defeated them 1-0. According to Lee Allen, Cincinnati writer and eventual director of the Baseball Hall of Fame, the Worcester club impacted the National League in another way in 1880; it was instrumental in having the Cincinnati Reds expelled from the league after the season, due to violations of the league rules against selling beer at the ballpark. In his 1948 book, The Cincinnati Reds (published by Putnam), Allen took some satisfaction in pointing out that the Reds re-formed in 1882, initially as a member of the American Association, the same year that Worcester's days as a major league franchise, as well as their influence, came to an end. The Worcester team was dropped from the league shortly before the end of the 1882 season, as Worcester was seen as too small to support major league sport; the team was encouraged to finish out its schedule as a lame duck team. Their last two games of the season against the Troy Trojans (also expelled from the NL for the same reasons) drew only 6 and 25 fans respectively; the attendance of six is a record low attendance for all league games open to spectators. Needing an eighth team to balance the schedule, the National League granted an expansion franchise to Philadelphia which became the Philadelphia Phillies (who were also alternatively known as the Quakers until 1890). Many sources suggest that the Worcester club was moved to Philadelphia; however, only the Worcester's former NL spot was moved. All available evidence suggests there is no direct link between the two teams (most significantly, no players from the 1882 Worcester club ended up with the 1883 Phillies). == Notable alumni == Lip Pike, four-time Major League Baseball home run champion Lee Richmond, first player to throw a perfect game1

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Virginia Slate<EOT>1

Virginia Slate

Virginia Slate is quarried in Buckingham County, Virginia, USA, in the town of Arvonia. This natural stone has a distinct blue/black color and glistens due to its mica content. This unfading slate has long been used for roofing and can be found atop many federal buildings and national landmarks, including Ford's Theatre, the Smithsonian Institution, the University of Virginia and Tuckahoe Plantation (the boyhood home of Thomas Jefferson). For many years, Buckingham Slate Company was the only active quarrier and manufacturer of slate from Buckingham County, Virginia. However, in July 2013 James River Slate Company established quarry and mill operations in Arvonia and began marketing this stone as "Grayson Slate".1

Virginia Slate is quarried in Buckingham County, Virginia, USA, in the town of Arvonia. This natural stone has a distinct blue/black color and glistens due to its mica content. This unfading slate has long been used for roofing and can be found atop many federal buildings and national landmarks, including Ford's Theatre, the Smithsonian Institution, the University of Virginia and Tuckahoe Plantation (the boyhood home of Thomas Jefferson). For many years, Buckingham Slate Company was the only active quarrier and manufacturer of slate from Buckingham County, Virginia. However, in July 2013 James River Slate Company established quarry and mill operations in Arvonia and began marketing this stone as "Grayson Slate".1

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Goozex<EOT>1

Goozex

Goozex was an online trading community established in July 2006 which allowed people to trade video games and movies in the United States, Canada and Bermuda. The name Goozex came from a shortened version of "Goods Exchanged." Goozex used an internal point system as currency and worked as a middleman matching buyers and traders instead of handling the actual movies and games. In November 2007, Goozex was ranked as the best website for trading games online by video game magazine Electronic Gaming Monthly and GamesRadar.com. It has since received a ranking of F from the Better Business Bureau. Goozex traded games for the Atari 2600, Xbox, Xbox 360, NES, Super NES, Nintendo 64, GameCube, Wii, Game Boy, Game Boy Color, Game Boy Advance, Nintendo DS, PlayStation, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PSP, PS Vita, Sega Genesis, Sega CD, Dreamcast, PC, and Macintosh, along with movies in DVD, Blu-ray, HD DVD, and UMD formats.

Goozex was an online trading community established in July 2006 which allowed people to trade video games and movies in the United States, Canada and Bermuda. The name Goozex came from a shortened version of "Goods Exchanged." Goozex used an internal point system as currency and worked as a middleman matching buyers and traders instead of handling the actual movies and games. In November 2007, Goozex was ranked as the best website for trading games online by video game magazine Electronic Gaming Monthly and GamesRadar.com. It has since received a ranking of F from the Better Business Bureau. Goozex traded games for the Atari 2600, Xbox, Xbox 360, NES, Super NES, Nintendo 64, GameCube, Wii, Game Boy, Game Boy Color, Game Boy Advance, Nintendo DS, PlayStation, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PSP, PS Vita, Sega Genesis, Sega CD, Dreamcast, PC, and Macintosh, along with movies in DVD, Blu-ray, HD DVD, and UMD formats. == History == The idea for the site began late 2005 as founder Jon Dugan was annoyed by the low prices he received when trading games in to a local used-video-game store. Dugan teamed up with two other graduates from the Robert H. Smith School of Business at University of Maryland and incorporated the company in March 2006. The site opened to a public beta on July 10, 2006. Within three months, Goozex had 1,500 users signed up trading over 7,000 games. More than 48.6 million points were exchanged during their first two years, representing over $2.1 million USD. Over 160,000 games were traded throughout 2008. On August 17, 2009, Goozex began to offer movie trading with 130,000 titles listed over four formats. On March 30, 2010, the site opened up trading of 6,000 titles from eight additional classic game systems. On November 16, 2012, Goozex was privately acquired by a holding company, Bay Acquisition Corp. for an undisclosed amount. On December 20, 2012, it was announced that J.P. McCormick would be the company's new President and CEO. Mr. McCormick resigned as president and CEO on December 31, 2013 and the website went down on the same day and Goozex.com never returned. == Trading == Trading at Goozex was accomplished by a software algorithm matching buyers and sellers. Buyers requested games and movies with varying conditions and were then matched to sellers through a queue system. Each seller had 26 hours to accept the trade and another three days to ship the game to the buyer. After the trade was complete, buyers left feedback in order to show how well the trade went and if the game was received as expected. This feedback comprised a seller's feedback score. Trades were made using both points and trade credits. Points were the currency of Goozex and were valued at 100 points for five dollars. Points were traded between users in exchange for movies and games or bought directly from Goozex. Games and movies were valued between 100 and 2400 points at intervals of 50 points. The game prices were set by Goozex and not individual sellers. The price of games and movies could have risen and fallen due to a variety of factors. Prices could only change once a week and by a difference of 50 or 100 points. Trade tokens were paid by buyers directly to Goozex as a commission fee. Each trade token cost $0.99 and trades cost between 1 and 3 tokens depending on the value of the game, although users with feedback scores of 500 or greater received a 50% discount. == Closure == The site shut down on December 31, 2013 since the funds necessary in running the site are being held in escrow by Meyers Associates, L.P. Mr. McCormick resigned as president of Bay Acquisition Corp. on December 31, 2013.1

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Collective unconscious<EOT>Induction logic is what is missing . The logic of deduction , science foundation , the breaking the whole into more and more minute pieces forgets that these pieces are from the whole , or holistic . Are we all PSYCHIC? . . . . . If you are psychic . . . . . . raise my arm!! If you are psychic . . . . . . raise my arm!! I see so to be psychic is to manipulate you or anybody . I see so to be psychic is to manipulate you or anybody . HUMOR HERE! --->OOPS! River . . . . forgot to say "HAHA!" . . . . . didn't think it was needed though (HAHA, again!)<--- HUMOR HERE! (In case you missed it!) And what is interesting , in reading John Lash's book , Not in his Image , is that , electricity was considered evil . Now that I find very interesting . <doc-sep> Swiss psychiatrist C.G. Jung (see my prior posts) made very similar observations of such common or what he called archetypal themes across cultures. Strikingly similar images appear, for instance, in the dreams, hallucinations or delusions of individuals separated not only by space but time, without apparently having had any prior exposure to these archetypal motifs. Jung used these similarities to support his own highly controversial concept of the collective unconscious. For Jung, the collective unconscious is that transpersonal aspect of the unconscious psyche in which we all participate and can potentially access through dreams, art, myths, fairy tales etc. As Jung (1969) himself describes it, the collective unconscious is different than Freud's "personal unconscious," in which "we must include all more or less intentional repressions of painful thoughts and feelings. . . . But, over and above that, we also find in the unconscious qualities that are not individually acquired but are inherited, e.g., instincts as impulses to carry out actions from necessity, without conscious motivation. In this 'deeper' stratum we also find . . . archetypes. . . . The instincts and the archetypes together form the 'collective unconscious.' I call it 'collective' because, unlike the personal unconscious, it is not made up of individual and more or less unique contents but of those which are universal and of regular occurence." The collective unconscious can also be thought of as the chronically denied or repressed "shadow" of society (e.g., sexuality in Freud's day and anger in ours) that affects us individually as well as culturally. (See my prior post on Jung's concept of the shadow.) Part of our mutual human heritage includes participation in, expression of, and contribution to the collective unconscious. 1

Collective unconscious

Collective unconscious (German: kollektives Unbewusstes), a term coined by Carl Jung, refers to structures of the unconscious mind which are shared among beings of the same species. According to Jung, the human collective unconscious is populated by instincts and by archetypes: universal symbols such as the Great Mother, the Wise Old Man, the Shadow, the Tower, Water, the Tree of Life, and many more. Jung considered the collective unconscious to underpin and surround the unconscious mind, distinguishing it from the personal unconscious of Freudian psychoanalysis. He argued that the collective unconscious had profound influence on the lives of individuals, who lived out its symbols and clothed them in meaning through their experiences. The psychotherapeutic practice of analytical psychology revolves around examining the patient's relationship to the collective unconscious. Psychiatrist and Jungian analyst Lionel Corbett argues that the contemporary terms "autonomous psyche" or "objective psyche" are more commonly used today in the practice of depth psychology rather than the traditional term of the "collective unconscious." Critics of the collective unconscious concept have called it unscientific and fatalistic, or otherwise very difficult to test scientifically (due to the mythical aspect of the collective unconscious) for those faith-based scientists. Proponents suggest that it is borne out by findings of psychology, neuroscience, and anthropology.

Collective unconscious (German: kollektives Unbewusstes), a term coined by Carl Jung, refers to structures of the unconscious mind which are shared among beings of the same species. According to Jung, the human collective unconscious is populated by instincts and by archetypes: universal symbols such as the Great Mother, the Wise Old Man, the Shadow, the Tower, Water, the Tree of Life, and many more. Jung considered the collective unconscious to underpin and surround the unconscious mind, distinguishing it from the personal unconscious of Freudian psychoanalysis. He argued that the collective unconscious had profound influence on the lives of individuals, who lived out its symbols and clothed them in meaning through their experiences. The psychotherapeutic practice of analytical psychology revolves around examining the patient's relationship to the collective unconscious. Psychiatrist and Jungian analyst Lionel Corbett argues that the contemporary terms "autonomous psyche" or "objective psyche" are more commonly used today in the practice of depth psychology rather than the traditional term of the "collective unconscious." Critics of the collective unconscious concept have called it unscientific and fatalistic, or otherwise very difficult to test scientifically (due to the mythical aspect of the collective unconscious) for those faith-based scientists. Proponents suggest that it is borne out by findings of psychology, neuroscience, and anthropology. == Basic explanation == The name "collective unconscious" first appeared in Jung's 1916 essay, "The Structure of the Unconscious". This essay distinguishes between the "personal", Freudian unconscious, filled with sexual fantasies and repressed images, and the "collective" unconscious encompassing the soul of humanity at large. In "The Significance of Constitution and Heredity in Psychology" (November 1929), Jung wrote: And the essential thing, psychologically, is that in dreams, fantasies, and other exceptional states of mind the most far-fetched mythological motifs and symbols can appear autochthonously at any time, often, apparently, as the result of particular influences, traditions, and excitations working on the individual, but more often without any sign of them. These "primordial images" or "archetypes," as I have called them, belong to the basic stock of the unconscious psyche and cannot be explained as personal acquisitions. Together they make up that psychic stratum which has been called the collective unconscious. The existence of the collective unconscious means that individual consciousness is anything but a tabula rasa and is not immune to predetermining influences. On the contrary, it is in the highest degree influenced by inherited presuppositions, quite apart from the unavoidable influences exerted upon it by the environment. The collective unconscious comprises in itself the psychic life of our ancestors right back to the earliest beginnings. It is the matrix of all conscious psychic occurrences, and hence it exerts an influence that compromises the freedom of consciousness in the highest degree, since it is continually striving to lead all conscious processes back into the old paths. On October 19, 1936, Jung delivered a lecture "The Concept of the Collective Unconscious" to the Abernethian Society at St. Bartholomew's Hospital in London. He said: My thesis then, is as follows: in addition to our immediate consciousness, which is of a thoroughly personal nature and which we believe to be the only empirical psyche (even if we tack on the personal unconscious as an appendix), there exists a second psychic system of a collective, universal, and impersonal nature which is identical in all individuals. This collective unconscious does not develop individually but is inherited. It consists of pre-existent forms, the archetypes, which can only become conscious secondarily and which give definite form to certain psychic contents. Jung linked the collective unconscious to 'what Freud called "archaic remnants" – mental forms whose presence cannot be explained by anything in the individual's own life and which seem to be aboriginal, innate, and inherited shapes of the human mind'. He credited Freud for developing his "primal horde" theory in Totem and Taboo and continued further with the idea of an archaic ancestor maintaining its influence in the minds of present-day humans. Every human being, he wrote, "however high his conscious development, is still an archaic man at the deeper levels of his psyche." As modern humans go through their process of individuation, moving out of the collective unconscious into mature selves, they establish a persona—which can be understood simply as that small portion of the collective psyche which they embody, perform, and identify with. The collective unconscious exerts overwhelming influence on the minds of individuals. These effects of course vary widely, since they involve virtually every emotion and situation. At times, the collective unconscious can terrify, but it can also heal. == Distinction from related concepts == Jung contrasted the collective unconscious with the personal unconscious, the unique aspects of an individual study which Jung says constitute the focus of Sigmund Freud and Alfred Adler. Psychotherapy patients, it seemed to Jung, often described fantasies and dreams which repeated elements from ancient mythology. These elements appeared even in patients who were probably not exposed to the original story. For example, mythology offers many examples of the "dual mother" narrative, according to which a child has a biological mother and a divine mother. Therefore, argues Jung, Freudian psychoanalysis would neglect important sources for unconscious ideas, in the case of a patient with neurosis around a dual-mother image. This divergence over the nature of the unconscious has been cited as a key aspect of Jung's famous split from Sigmund Freud and his school of psychoanalysis. Some commentators have rejected Jung's characterization of Freud, observing that in texts such as Totem and Taboo (1913) Freud directly addresses the interface between the unconscious and society at large. Jung himself said that Freud had discovered a collective archetype, the Oedipus complex, but that it "was the first archetype Freud discovered, the first and only one". Jung also distinguished the collective unconscious and collective consciousness, between which lay "an almost unbridgeable gulf over which the subject finds himself suspended". According to Jung, collective consciousness (meaning something along the lines of consensus reality) offered only generalizations, simplistic ideas, and the fashionable ideologies of the age. This tension between collective unconscious and collective consciousness corresponds roughly to the "everlasting cosmic tug of war between good and evil" and has worsened in the time of the mass man. Organized religion, exemplified by the Catholic Church, lies more with the collective consciousness; but, through its all-encompassing dogma it channels and molds the images which inevitably pass from the collective unconscious into the minds of people. (Conversely, religious critics including Martin Buber accused Jung of wrongly placing psychology above transcendental factors in explaining human experience.) == Instincts == Jung's exposition of the collective unconscious builds on the classic issue in psychology and biology regarding nature versus nurture. If we accept that nature, or heredity, has some influence on the individual psyche, we must examine the question of how this influence takes hold in the real world. On exactly one night in its entire lifetime, the yucca moth discovers pollen in the opened flowers of the yucca plant, forms some into a pellet, and then transports this pellet, with one of its eggs, to the pistil of another yucca plant. This activity cannot be "learned"; it makes more sense to describe the yucca moth as experiencing intuition about how to act. Archetypes and instincts coexist in the collective unconscious as interdependent opposites, Jung would later clarify. Whereas for most animals intuitive understandings completely intertwine with instinct, in humans the archetypes have become a separate register of mental phenomena. Humans experience five main types of instinct, wrote Jung: hunger, sexuality, activity, reflection, and creativity. These instincts, listed in order of increasing abstraction, elicit and constrain human behavior, but also leave room for freedom in their implementation and especially in their interplay. Even a simple hungry feeling can lead to many different responses, including metaphorical sublimation. These instincts could be compared to the "drives" discussed in psychoanalysis and other domains of psychology. Several readers of Jung have observed that in his treatment of the collective unconscious, Jung suggests an unusual mixture of primordial, "lower" forces, and spiritual, "higher" forces. == Archetypes == In an early definition of the term, Jung writes: "Archetypes are typical modes of apprehension, and wherever we meet with uniform and regularly recurring modes of apprehension we are dealing with an archetype, no matter whether its mythological character is recognized or not." He traces the term back to Philo, Irenaeus, and the Corpus Hermeticum, which associate archetypes with divinity and the creation of the world, and notes the close relationship of Platonic ideas. These archetypes dwell in a world beyond the chronology of a human lifespan, developing on an evolutionary timescale. Regarding the animus and anima, the male principle within the woman and the female principle within the man, Jung writes: They evidently live and function in the deeper layers of the unconscious, especially in that phylogenetic substratum which I have called the collective unconscious. This localization explains a good deal of their strangeness: they bring into our ephemeral consciousness an unknown psychic life belonging to a remote past. It is the mind of our unknown ancestors, their way of thinking and feeling , their way of experiencing life and the world, gods and men. The existence of these archaic strata is presumably the source of man's belief in reincarnations and in memories of "previous experiences". Just as the human body is a museum, so to speak, of its phylogenetic history, so too is the psyche. Jung also described archetypes as imprints of momentous or frequently recurring situations in the lengthy human past. A complete list of archetypes cannot be made, nor can differences between archetypes be absolutely delineated. For example, the Eagle, a common archetype that may have a multiplicity of interpretations. It could mean the soul leaving the mortal body and connecting with the heavenly spheres. Or it may mean that someone is sexually impotent. In that they have had their spiritual ego body engaged. In spite of this difficulty Jungian analyst June Singer suggests a partial list of well-studied archetypes, listed in pairs of opposites: Jung made reference to contents of this category of the unconscious psyche as being similar to Levy-Bruhl's use of collective representations or "représentations collectives," Mythological "motifs," Hubert and Mauss's "categories of the imagination," and Adolf Bastian's "primordial thoughts." He also called archetypes "dominants" because of their profound influence on mental life. == Evidence == In his clinical psychiatry practice, Jung identified mythological elements which seemed to recur in the minds of his patients—above and beyond the usual complexes which could be explained in terms of their personal lives. The most obvious patterns applied to the patient's parents: "Nobody knows better than the psychotherapist that the mythologizing of the parents is often pursued far into adulthood and is given up only with the greatest resistance." Jung cited recurring themes as evidence of the existence of psychic elements shared among all humans. For example: "The snake-motif was certainly not an individual acquisition of the dreamer, for snake-dreams are very common even among city-dwellers who have probably never seen a real snake." Still better evidence, he felt, came when patients described complex images and narratives with obscure mythological parallels. Jung's leading example of this phenomenon was a paranoid-schizophrenic patient who could see the sun's dangling phallus, whose motion caused wind to blow on earth. Jung found a direct analogue of this idea in the "Mithras Liturgy", from the Greek Magical Papyri of Ancient Egypt—only just translated into German—which also discussed a phallic tube, hanging from the sun, and causing wind to blow on earth. He concluded that the patient's vision and the ancient Liturgy arose from the same source in the collective unconscious. Going beyond the individual mind, Jung believed that "the whole of mythology could be taken as a sort of projection of the collective unconscious". Therefore, psychologists could learn about the collective unconscious by studying religions and spiritual practices of all cultures, as well as belief systems like astrology. == Criticism of Jung's evidence == Popperian critic Ray Scott Percival disputes some of Jung's examples and argues that his strongest claims are not falsifiable. Percival takes especial issue with Jung's claim that major scientific discoveries emanate from the collective unconscious and not from unpredictable or innovative work done by scientists. Percival charges Jung with excessive determinism and writes: "He could not countenance the possibility that people sometimes create ideas that cannot be predicted, even in principle." Regarding the claim that all humans exhibit certain patterns of mind, Percival argues that these common patterns could be explained by common environments (i.e. by shared nurture, not nature). Because all people have families, encounter plants and animals, and experience night and day, it should come as no surprise that they develop basic mental structures around these phenomena. This latter example has been the subject of contentious debate, and Jung critic Richard Noll has argued against its authenticity. == Ethology and biology == Animals all have some innate psychological concepts which guide their mental development. The concept of imprinting in ethology is one well-studied example, dealing most famously with the Mother constructs of newborn animals. The many predetermined scripts for animal behavior are called innate releasing mechanisms. Proponents of the collective unconscious theory in neuroscience suggest that mental commonalities in humans originate especially from the subcortical area of the brain: specifically, the thalamus and limbic system. These centrally located structures link the brain to the rest of the nervous system and said to control vital processes including emotions and long-term memory . == Archetype research == A more common experimental approach investigates the unique effects of archetypal images. An influential study of this type, by Rosen, Smith, Huston, & Gonzalez in 1991, found that people could better remember symbols paired with words representing their archetypal meaning. Using data from the Archive for Research in Archetypal Symbolism and a jury of evaluators, Rosen et al. developed an "Archetypal Symbol Inventory" listing symbols and one-word connotations. Many of these connotations were obscure to laypeople. For example, a picture of a diamond represented "self"; a square represented "Earth". They found that even when subjects did not consciously associate the word with the symbol, they were better able to remember the pairing of the symbol with its chosen word. Brown & Hannigan replicated this result in 2013, and expanded the study slightly to include tests in English and in Spanish of people who spoke both languages. Maloney (1999) asked people questions about their feelings to variations on images featuring the same archetype: some positive, some negative, and some non-anthropomorphic. He found that although the images did not elicit significantly different responses to questions about whether they were "interesting" or "pleasant", but did provoke highly significant differences in response to the statement: "If I were to keep this image with me forever, I would be". Maloney suggested that this question led the respondents to process the archetypal images on a deeper level, which strongly reflected their positive or negative valence. Ultimately, although Jung referred to the collective unconscious as an empirical concept, based on evidence, its elusive nature does create a barrier to traditional experimental research. June Singer writes: But the collective unconscious lies beyond the conceptual limitations of individual human consciousness, and thus cannot possibly be encompassed by them. We cannot, therefore, make controlled experiments to prove the existence of the collective unconscious, for the psyche of man , holistically conceived, cannot be brought under laboratory conditions without doing violence to its nature. […] In this respect, psychology may be compared to astronomy, the phenomena of which also cannot be enclosed within a controlled setting. The heavenly bodies must be observed where they exist in the natural universe, under their own conditions, rather than under conditions we might propose to set for them. == Exploration == Proof of the existence of a collective unconscious, and insight into its nature, could be gleaned primarily from dreams and from active imagination, a waking exploration of fantasy. Jung considered that 'the shadow' and the anima and animus differ from the other archetypes in the fact that their content is more directly related to the individual's personal situation'. These archetypes, a special focus of Jung's work, become autonomous personalities within an individual psyche. Jung encouraged direct conscious dialogue of the patient's with these personalities within. While the shadow usually personifies the personal unconscious, the anima or the Wise Old Man can act as representatives of the collective unconscious. Jung suggested that parapsychology, alchemy, and occult religious ideas could contribute understanding of the collective unconscious. Based on his interpretation of synchronicity and extra-sensory perception, Jung argued that psychic activity transcended the brain. In alchemy, Jung found that plain water, or seawater, corresponded to his concept of the collective unconscious. In humans, the psyche mediates between the primal force of the collective unconscious and the experience of consciousness or dream. Therefore, symbols may require interpretation before they can be understood as archetypes. Jung writes: We have only to disregard the dependence of dream language on environment and substitute "eagle" for "aeroplane," "dragon" for "automobile" or "train," "snake-bite" for "injection," and so forth, in order to arrive at the more universal and more fundamental language of mythology. This give us access to the primordial images that underlie all thinking and have a considerable influence even on our scientific ideas. A single archetype can manifest in many different ways. Regarding the Mother archetype, Jung suggests that not only can it apply to mothers, grandmothers, stepmothers, mothers-in-law, and mothers in mythology, but to various concepts, places, objects, and animals: Other symbols of the mother in a figurative sense appear in things representing the goal of our longing for redemption, such as Paradise, the Kingdom of God, the Heavenly Jerusalem. Many things arousing devotion or feelings of awe, as for instance the Church, university, city or country, heaven, earth, the woods, the sea or any still waters, matter even, the underworld and the moon, can be mother-symbols. The archetype is often associated with things and places standing for fertility and fruitfulness: the cornucopia, a ploughed field, a garden. It can be attached to a rock, a cave, a tree, a spring, a deep well, or to various vessels such as the baptismal font, or to vessel-shaped flowers like the rose or the lotus. Because of the protection it implies, the magic circle or mandala can be a form of mother archetype. Hollow objects such as ovens or cooking vessels are associated with the mother archetype, and, of course, the uterus, yoni, and anything of a like shape. Added to this list there are many animals, such as the cow, hare, and helpful animals in general. Care must be taken, however, to determine the meaning of a symbol through further investigation; one cannot simply decode a dream by assuming these meanings are constant. Archetypal explanations work best when an already-known mythological narrative can clearly help to explain the confusing experience of an individual. == Application to psychotherapy == Psychotherapy based on analytical psychology would seek to analyze the relationship between a person's individual consciousness and the deeper common structures which underlie them. Personal experiences both activate archetypes in the mind and give them meaning and substance for individual. At the same time, archetypes covertly organize human experience and memory, their powerful effects becoming apparent only indirectly and in retrospect. Understanding the power of the collective unconscious can help an individual to navigate through life. In the interpretation of analytical psychologist Mary Williams, a patient who understands the impact of the archetype can help to dissociate the underlying symbol from the real person who embodies the symbol for the patient. In this way, the patient no longer uncritically transfers their feelings about the archetype onto people in everyday life, and as a result can develop healthier and more personal relationships. Practitioners of analytic psychotherapy, Jung cautioned, could become so fascinated with manifestations of the collective unconscious that they facilitated their appearance at the expense of their patient's well-being. Schizophrenics, it is said, fully identify with the collective unconscious, lacking a functioning ego to help them deal with actual difficulties of life. == Application to politics and society == Elements from the collective unconscious can manifest among groups of people, who by definition all share a connection to these elements. Groups of people can become especially receptive to specific symbols due to the historical situation they find themselves in. The common importance of the collective unconscious makes people ripe for political manipulation, especially in the era of mass politics. Jung compared mass movements to mass psychoses, comparable to demonic possession in which people uncritically channel unconscious symbolism through the social dynamic of the mob and the leader. Although civilization leads people to disavow their links with the mythological world of uncivilized societies, Jung argued that aspects of the primitive unconscious would nevertheless reassert themselves in the form of superstitions, everyday practices, and unquestioned traditions such as the Christmas tree. Based on empirical inquiry, Jung felt that all humans, regardless of racial and geographic differences, share the same collective pool of instincts and images, though these manifest differently due to the moulding influence of culture. However, above and in addition to the primordial collective unconscious, people within a certain culture may share additional bodies of primal collective ideas. Jung called the UFO phenomenon a "living myth", a legend in the process of consolidation. Belief in a messianic encounter with UFOs demonstrated the point, Jung argued, that even if a rationalistic modern ideology repressed the images of the collective unconscious, its fundamental aspects would inevitably resurface. The circular shape of the flying saucer confirms its symbolic connection to repressed but psychically necessary ideas of divinity. The universal applicability of archetypes has not escaped the attention of marketing specialists, who observe that branding can resonate with consumers through appeal to archetypes of the collective unconscious. == Minimal and maximal interpretations == In a minimalist interpretation of what would then appear as "Jung's much misunderstood idea of the collective unconscious", his idea was "simply that certain structures and predispositions of the unconscious are common to all of us...[on] an inherited, species-specific, genetic basis". Thus "one could as easily speak of the 'collective arm' – meaning the basic pattern of bones and muscles which all human arms share in common." Others point out however that "there does seem to be a basic ambiguity in Jung's various descriptions of the Collective Unconscious. Sometimes he seems to regard the predisposition to experience certain images as understandable in terms of some genetic model" – as with the collective arm. However, Jung was "also at pains to stress the numinous quality of these experiences, and there can be no doubt that he was attracted to the idea that the archetypes afford evidence of some communion with some divine or world mind', and perhaps 'his popularity as a thinker derives precisely from this" – the maximal interpretation. Marie-Louise von Franz accepted that "it is naturally very tempting to identify the hypothesis of the collective unconscious historically and regressively with the ancient idea of an all-extensive world-soul." New Age writer Sherry Healy goes further, claiming that Jung himself "dared to suggest that the human mind could link to ideas and motivations called the collective unconscious...a body of unconscious energy that lives forever." This is the idea of monopsychism.1

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W. D. Amaradeva<EOT>We are so proud to have a music legend similar to Pandit Amaradewa. Undoubtedly he is unmatched to any musician in Sri Lanka . Very sad . May he attend supreme bliss of nirvana . He will be remember for generations to come . No one need do anything .He voice and mellody will do it. "Adawan u thenethin" , " Sadungahe saman welack" , my favorite melodies from the time of my school days . These melodies and voice is immortal . Once again Sir, Good bye and thank you! I lived overseas for many many years. After returning I still enjoyed seeing him sing on TV. I thought he was immortal . I was wrong and we all are mortal . Good bye Sir! Legendary signer whom i loved since my child hood. I still remeber the song " Pre dawsaka ma pem kala youwathiya siya puthu nalawana wa...." . When I look back now the value these songs have cannont match with any of new songs..Most of Sri Lankan do not the value of this singer " Sasara Wasana turu Nivan Dakina turu " my favorite song , one of the greatest songs of Srilankan music.May he attain Supreme Bliss of Nibbana . <doc-sep> Citizens has and should see their rights privileges properly guarded by the state it's constitution and law of common justice. No one has he right to take away . Any state province should decide... 1

W. D. Amaradeva

Sri Lankabhimanya Wannakuwatta Waduge Don Albert Perera(Sinhalese: වන්නකුවත්ත වඩුගේ දොන් ඇල්බට් පෙරෙරා; 5 December 1927 – 3 November 2016) better known by his adopted name Amaradeva, was a prominent Sri Lankan vocalist, violinist and composer. Primarily using traditional instruments like sitars, tablas and harmoniums, Amaradeva incorporates Sinhala folk music with Indian ragas in his work. Many consider Pandit Amaradeva’s contribution to the development of Sinhala music as unmatched, hence without argue cited as the Maestro of Sri Lanka Music (si. හෙළයේ මහා ගාන්දර්වයා Helayay Maha Gandarvaya). In the mid-1950s, Amaradeva in his Janagayana project consulted experts of the Kandyan dance tradition like Pani Bharata, Kiriganita, Gunamala, Ukkuva and Suramba in his path to understand what constituted Sinhala folk music. Noting that it mostly revolved around a single melody, he decided to add verses that would lead up to the central melody which would now be a chorus thus forming two parts (unseen earlier in traditional Sri Lankan music) removing restrictions that had existed earlier. In doing so, Amaradeva created a uniquely Sinhalese music style that stayed true to folk tradition while incorporating outside influences. His work was vital in the creation of the sarala gee genr practised subsequently by artists like Sanath Nandasiri, Victor Ratnayake, T.M. Jayaratne, Sunil Edirisinghe and Gunadasa Kapuge etc Pandit Amaradeva had been the recipient of numerous awards including the Philippine Ramon Magsaysay Award (2001), Indian Padma Sri Award (2002) and Sri Lankan "President's Award of Kala Keerthi" (1986) and Deshamanya Award (1998). In 2003 the French government awarded him the prestigious honour; Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. Notably he still remains the most popular artist as confirmed by Nielsen Media Research findings He has also represented Sri Lanka in many forums including the UNESCO 1967 Manila Symposium. The University of Kelaniya conferred on him the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Fine Arts) Honoris Causa in 1991 and the University of Ruhuna and University of Peradeniya conferred on him the Degree of Doctor of Letters, Honoris Causa in 1993 and 1998 In 1972, Pandit Amaradeva composed the music for the Maldivian National Anthem (Gaumii salaam) at the request of Maldivian Government.

Sri Lankabhimanya Wannakuwatta Waduge Don Albert Perera(Sinhalese: වන්නකුවත්ත වඩුගේ දොන් ඇල්බට් පෙරෙරා; 5 December 1927 – 3 November 2016) better known by his adopted name Amaradeva, was a prominent Sri Lankan vocalist, violinist and composer. Primarily using traditional instruments like sitars, tablas and harmoniums, Amaradeva incorporates Sinhala folk music with Indian ragas in his work. Many consider Pandit Amaradeva’s contribution to the development of Sinhala music as unmatched, hence without argue cited as the Maestro of Sri Lanka Music (si. හෙළයේ මහා ගාන්දර්වයා Helayay Maha Gandarvaya). In the mid-1950s, Amaradeva in his Janagayana project consulted experts of the Kandyan dance tradition like Pani Bharata, Kiriganita, Gunamala, Ukkuva and Suramba in his path to understand what constituted Sinhala folk music. Noting that it mostly revolved around a single melody, he decided to add verses that would lead up to the central melody which would now be a chorus thus forming two parts (unseen earlier in traditional Sri Lankan music) removing restrictions that had existed earlier. In doing so, Amaradeva created a uniquely Sinhalese music style that stayed true to folk tradition while incorporating outside influences. His work was vital in the creation of the sarala gee genr practised subsequently by artists like Sanath Nandasiri, Victor Ratnayake, T.M. Jayaratne, Sunil Edirisinghe and Gunadasa Kapuge etc Pandit Amaradeva had been the recipient of numerous awards including the Philippine Ramon Magsaysay Award (2001), Indian Padma Sri Award (2002) and Sri Lankan "President's Award of Kala Keerthi" (1986) and Deshamanya Award (1998). In 2003 the French government awarded him the prestigious honour; Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. Notably he still remains the most popular artist as confirmed by Nielsen Media Research findings He has also represented Sri Lanka in many forums including the UNESCO 1967 Manila Symposium. The University of Kelaniya conferred on him the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Fine Arts) Honoris Causa in 1991 and the University of Ruhuna and University of Peradeniya conferred on him the Degree of Doctor of Letters, Honoris Causa in 1993 and 1998 In 1972, Pandit Amaradeva composed the music for the Maldivian National Anthem (Gaumii salaam) at the request of Maldivian Government. == Early life and education == Amaradeva was born the youngest of seven children to a carpenter, Wannakuwatta Waduge Don Ginoris Perera, and Balapuwaduge Maggie Weslina Mendis at Janapriya Mawatha in Koralawella, Moratuwa. Perera was a Buddhist while Mendis was a Methodist bringing both Christian and Buddhist values and music traditions to the family. Amardeva was introduced to music at a young age by his father who crafted and repaired violins at Moratumulla Wadu Kaarmika Vidyalaya (Carpentry School). Amaradeva would often strum the violin while his mother sang hymns. Another family influence was Amaradeva's elder brother who taught Indian classical music to him. Amaradeva was presented with his own instrument on his seventh birthday which was a Japanese made tin violin by his father. Amaradeva obtained his early education under Ven. Malalankara Nayaka Tero of the Koralawella temple. With the development of his musical talent, Amaradeva was asked to recite poems and prayers at the temple; he was subsequently picked to lead the village choir.He was first entered into Sri Saddharmodaya Buddhist mixed School in Koralawella. The principal of that school, Mr. Ku. Jo. Fernando was an active member of Hela Hawula and had a close connection with Kumaratunga Munidasa. He knew about Amaradeva’s talent and introduced him to Kumaratunga. Amaradeva was lucky to be appreciated by Kumaratunga for his singing talent. Since he had a chance to accompany all these scholars during his childhood, he had an interest in national identity and language. When he was studying in grade five at Koralawella School, a music teacher called Mr. W. J. Fernando was transferred to his school from Kalutara. Hence, W.J. Fernando was the first school music teacher of Amaradeva. He realized Amaradeva’s talent and directed him on singing and playing. Under his guidance, Amaradeva won all the school singing competitions. Even the teacher let him conduct the classroom when he was not there. While attending the school, he won a poetry contest held at the Moratuwa Vidyalaya. Amaradeva also led the school choir to a triumphant showing at a contest held by the Colombo Arts Society. His poetry win prompted school teachers to get him a showcase to recite poetry on Radio Ceylon. In 1945 Amaradeva won a gold medal at a music and violin contest held by Jana Kala Mandalaya Amaradeva’s fame that was limited only to the Koralawella, started spreading over other areas. Because of his increasing popularity, several schools offered him scholarships. Amaradeva entered Sri Sumangala College, Panadura after completing his primary education with a scholarship for English. At the school, he formed a friendship with the music teacher and principal Danister Thomas Fernando, who was the elder brother of Amaradeva's first music teacher W. J. Fernando. D. T. Fernando who was living in Kalutara helped Amaradeva get into Kalutara Vidyalaya and subsequently to Siddharta Vidyalaya Balapitiya. Young Amaradewa met Sunil Santha, a prominent artist at the time at one of Sunil Santha's concerts. Since he showed interest Sunil Santha invited Amaradewa to audition at Chitrasena studios. There he played in front of Sunil Santha, Chitrasena and A. J. Ranasinghe and impressed them. This meeting and related events are described in detail by A. J. Ranasinghe, Dr. Nandadasa Kodagoda and Sunil Santha. After the audition Sunil Santha brought Amaradewa to stay at Chitrasena Studios, his room mate was A. J. Ranasinghe. By chance filming of the film Ashokamala commenced nearby. Gerard J. Pieris of Moratuwa introduced Amaradeva to Mohamed Ghouse Master who was handling the music for the film and Ghouse recognising Amaradeva's skill enlisted him as the top violinist in his orchestra. Amardeva left his studies and accompanied Ghouse to India to work on the film. He would play a triple role of singing, dancing and acting on the film with the song "Ayi Yameku Kale Ale." == Career == He found steady work as an artist on Radio Ceylon, where his unique vision and talent could be exhibited to an audience wider than he had ever before known – earning him a position at the Bhatkhande Music Institute in Lucknow, India. In 1955, Amaradeva won the All India violin competition. After extensive training, Albert returned to Sri Lanka as Pandit Wannakuwatta waduge Don Amaradeva.The name Amaradeva which translates as Immortal god was given to him by Prof. Ediriweera Sarachchandra (Sri Lanka's foremost playwright and a close associate). During this time, Sri Lanka (then Ceylon) had only begun emerging as an independent nation, and the question of what Sri Lankan music was, was slowly being addressed with equal vigour by intellectuals, artists and the general public. In response to the spirit of these times, Amaradeva began interweaving indigenous folk music with the North Indian ragas he had studied in Lucknow, thereby giving expression to a more sophisticated cadence. His other innovations include his experimentation with Western harmonies and counter-harmonies, as well as with South Indian and Tamil musical forms. In the song 'Ran Dahadiya Bindu Bindu', Amaradeva incorporated the Baila music of his hometown. His opus, however, remains the work he did with Sri Lanka's celebrated lyricist Mahagama Sekera, in exploring the contours of fusing classical Sinhala poetry with his unique musical intonation. In time, Amaradeva's music came to reflect an entire philosophy, reflective of the spirit of a nation. He has composed music for ballet (Karadiya, Nala Damayanthi, etc.), film (Ranmuthu Duwa, Gam Peraliya, Ran Salu, Delovak Athara, Gatavarayo, Rena Girav, Thun Man Handiya, Puran Appu, etc.), theatre (Wessantara, etc.), radio and television. He is the creator of the mando-harp, a musical instrument combining the mandolin and the harp. Amaradeva is credited as having introduced artists such as Nanda Malini and Edward Jayakody to the wider audience. Many artists such as Sunil Edirisinghe, Victor Ratnayake and Neela Wickramasinghe have credited him as a major influence on their work. Dr. Lester James Peries has described his voice as the greatest musical instrument. Amaradeva has also been described as the defining musician of Sinhala civilization for his role in the creation of a national tradition. Amaradeva was married to Wimala, together they had one son (Ranjana Amaradeva), and two daughters (Subhani Amaradeva, herself a talented vocalist, and Priyanvada Amaradeva). He was a patron of numerous charities. == Death == Amaradeva was admitted to Sri Jayawaradanapura Teaching Hospital due to a sudden illness. He died at the age of 88 on 3 November 2016 while receiving treatment at the Intensive Care Unit. The cause of death was a heart failure. The government subsequently announced that a state funeral would be held with a week of national mourning. His remains were given state honours at the Independence Memorial Hall for two days, the first time in the country's history where remains were kept at the Independence Memorial Hall. == Honours == The title of Sri Lankabhimanya highest national honor award by the Government of Sri Lanka posthumously in 2017. Officier (officer) of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (Order of Arts and Letters) from the French government (2003) Padma Sri Award from India (2002) The Ramon Magsaysay Award of the Philippines (2001) Title of Deshamanya from the Government of Sri Lanka (1998) Honorary degree of Doctor of Letters from University of Peradeniya (1998) Honorary degree of Doctor of Letters(Honoris Causa) from University of Ruhuna(1993) Honorary degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Fine Arts) Honoris Causa from University of Kelaniya (1991) Title of Kala Keerthi from the Government of Sri Lanka (1986) == Filmography == == Music director == == Track listing == == Single song tracks released == 1

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Wonder (Sawyer novel)<EOT>1

Wonder (Sawyer novel)

Wonder, also called WWW: Wonder, is a 2011 novel written by Canadian novelist Robert J. Sawyer. It is the third and last installment in the WWW Trilogy and was preceded by two sequels, Wake (2009) and Watch (2010).

Wonder, also called WWW: Wonder, is a 2011 novel written by Canadian novelist Robert J. Sawyer. It is the third and last installment in the WWW Trilogy and was preceded by two sequels, Wake (2009) and Watch (2010). == Synopsis == Ever since the government has tried and failed to eliminate Webmind, Caitlin and her family have been thrust into the media spotlight. People are excited over what Webmind can offer the world, such as the cure for cancer and facilitating international relations, but others are also frightened about its potential for harm. The Pentagon still seeks to eliminate Webmind and has recruited some of the world's best hackers to destroy it forever. == Reception == Critical reception for Wonder was positive, and much of the novel's praise centered upon its "thoughtful “what if” scenarios". In contrast, the National Post expressed disappointment in the final book of the trilogy as they felt that the main flaws were "Sawyer’s Pollyanna faith in the benefits of technology" and the insertion of several viewpoints in the book that they stated had an "eerie resemblance to the rankest propaganda".1

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9th Mission Support Command<EOT>by: Staff Sgt. James Kennedy Benjamin | . 9th Mission Support Command | . 1

9th Mission Support Command

9th Mission Support Command (9th MSC) is a United States Army Reserve unit located in Fort Shafter, Honolulu, Hawai'i. The 9th Mission Support Command is a U.S. Army Reserve Command under the operational control of U.S. Army Pacific. Headquartered in Honolulu, Hawaii, the command consists of approximately 3,500 Army Reserve Soldiers and 160 civilians throughout the Pacific, including Hawaii, Alaska, American Samoa, Japan, Korea, Guam and Saipan. The 9th MSC is engaged throughout the Asia-Pacific realm, providing trained and ready forces to overseas contingency operations, playing a vital role in approximately 20 U.S. Army Pacific Theater Security Cooperation Program exercises, and providing key battle staff in support of Joint Task Force Homeland Defense.

9th Mission Support Command (9th MSC) is a United States Army Reserve unit located in Fort Shafter, Honolulu, Hawai'i. The 9th Mission Support Command is a U.S. Army Reserve Command under the operational control of U.S. Army Pacific. Headquartered in Honolulu, Hawaii, the command consists of approximately 3,500 Army Reserve Soldiers and 160 civilians throughout the Pacific, including Hawaii, Alaska, American Samoa, Japan, Korea, Guam and Saipan. The 9th MSC is engaged throughout the Asia-Pacific realm, providing trained and ready forces to overseas contingency operations, playing a vital role in approximately 20 U.S. Army Pacific Theater Security Cooperation Program exercises, and providing key battle staff in support of Joint Task Force Homeland Defense. == History == The 9th Mission Support Command (9th MSC) was originally designated IX Corps (Augmentation) and was organized on 16 January 1962. At that time it was an integral part of the active Army’s IX Corps. The original IX Corps traces its lineage back to the Civil War. It was formed as part of the Army of the Potomac under the command of Maj. Gen. Ambrose Burnside. The Corps fought at Antietam and Fredericksburg in 1862, and later in the Western Campaign at Vicksburg and Chattanooga. Transferred back to the East, the Corps served in the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, and Cold Harbor. IX Corps was deactivated in 1865. In 1940 it was activated at Fort Lewis, Washington, and assigned there until September 1942. It was deployed to Leyte, Philippine Islands in 1944. After World War II it was assigned to the Eighth U.S. Army for occupation duty in Japan. IX Corps was inactivated in March, 1950, but was reactivated in August that same year at Fort Sheridan, Illinois. It was sent to Korea, where it participated in the successful expulsion of communist forces from South Korea. For its outstanding service, the unit was awarded two Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citations and nine campaign honors. In 1954, the unit was ordered back to Japan. In 1956, it redeployed to Okinawa to become part of HQ, Ryukyu Islands. In 1961, IX Corps became a major subordinate command of U.S. Army, Pacific. On 27 April 1987, the command was redesignated IX Corps (Reinforcement). On 1 October 1995, the command was renamed 9th U.S. Army Reserve Command following the inactivation of IX Corps, a month earlier at Camp Zama, Japan. The command moved into its current location on Fort Shafter Flats from Fort DeRussy in December, 1997. The organization experienced several years of reorganization and restructure to establish a more relevant, ready, and indispensable Pacific Army Reserve force. As a result, the command was redesignated the 9th Regional Support Command on 31 January 1998. The 9th Regional Support Command was redesignated to the 9th Regional Readiness Command on 4 November 2002, and subsequently again redesignated to its current organization as the 9th Mission Support Command on 16 April 2008. == Subordinate Units == The subordinate units of the 9th Mission Support Command in 2017 are: US Army Pacific Support Unit, in Honolulu, HI 3rd Mobilization Support Group, in Fairbanks, AK 658th Regional Support Group, in Seoul, South Korea Theater Support Group Pacific, in Honolulu, HI 303rd Maneuver Enhancement Brigade, in Honolulu, HI 322nd Civil Affairs Brigade, in Honolulu, HI 4960th Multi Functional Training Brigade, in Honolulu, HI 1984th US Army Hospital, in Honolulu, HI 302nd Transportation Terminal Battalion, in Honolulu, HI 411th Engineer Battalion, in Honolulu, HI1

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Julian Bickersteth<EOT>1

Julian Bickersteth

Kenneth Julian Faithfull Bickersteth, MC, QHC (5 July 1885 – 16 October 1962) was a British Anglican priest, chaplain, and headmaster. He started his career as a school chaplain and teacher. During World War I, he served as a military chaplain. Between the wars he was headmaster of The Collegiate School of St Peter in Adelaide, Australia, and then headmaster of Felsted School in Essex, England. From 1942 to 1958, he served as Archdeacon of Maidstone in the Diocese of Canterbury, Church of England.

Kenneth Julian Faithfull Bickersteth, MC, QHC (5 July 1885 – 16 October 1962) was a British Anglican priest, chaplain, and headmaster. He started his career as a school chaplain and teacher. During World War I, he served as a military chaplain. Between the wars he was headmaster of The Collegiate School of St Peter in Adelaide, Australia, and then headmaster of Felsted School in Essex, England. From 1942 to 1958, he served as Archdeacon of Maidstone in the Diocese of Canterbury, Church of England. == Early life and education == Bickersteth was born on 5 July 1885 in Ripon, Yorkshire, England. He was one of six sons born to The Reverend Canon Samuel Bickersteth (1857–1937) and Ella Chlora Faithfull Bickersteth (1858–1954). His mother was the daughter of Professor Sir Monier Monier-Williams, and she was "one of the five or six little girls in Oxford on whom Lewis Carroll modelled his Alice in Wonderland". Bickersteth was educated at Rugby School, then an all-boys public school in Rugby, Warwickshire. He then studied mathematics at Christ Church, Oxford. He graduated from the University of Oxford in 1907 with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree; as per tradition, his BA was promoted to a Master of Arts (MA Oxon). == Career == After completing his undergraduate degree, Bickersteth spent a year teaching English in the British Raj. He decided enter the clergy and returned to England. He then entered Wells Theological College, an Anglican theological college to train for ordained ministry. As a graduate, he only need to spend one year training before ordination. Bickersteth was ordained in the Church of England as a deacon in 1909 and as a priest in 1910. From 1909 to 1912, he served his curacy at St Andrew's Church, Rugby, which was then in the Diocese of Worcester. In 1912, he first moved to Australia where he had been appointed the chaplain to Melbourne Church of England Grammar School, an independent boarding school in Melbourne. In 1915, one year after the start of the First World War, Bickersteth returned to England with the intention of becoming a military chaplain. == Honours == On 9 June 1917, Bickersteth was mentioned in despatches by Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig. On 1 January 1918, he was awarded the Military Cross (MC) "for distinguished service in the Field". Though he was immediately given the ribbon to wear on his uniform, he had to wait till 1919 to receive the medal itself. That year, during a ceremony at Buckingham Palace, he stood side by side with one of his brothers as they both awarded the Military Cross by King George V. On 3 November 1953, Bickersteth was appointed an Honorary Chaplain to the Queen (QHC).1

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Tony Terry<EOT>1

Tony Terry

Antonio "Tony" Terry (born March 12, 1964) is an American soul/new jack swing singer from Washington, D.C., who had several R&B hits in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

Antonio "Tony" Terry (born March 12, 1964) is an American soul/new jack swing singer from Washington, D.C., who had several R&B hits in the late 1980s and early 1990s. == Biography == == Singing == Terry is a graduate at the Duke Ellington School of the Arts in Washington. He landed backing vocalist jobs for the freestyle/pop group Sweet Sensation, and hip-hop group The Boogie Boys. In 1987, he signed a recording contract with Epic/CBS Records. Terry's first single, "She's Fly", was released the same year, and peaked at number 10 on the Billboard R&B singles chart. Forever Yours, Terry's debut album for Epic, was released in 1988, and reached the Top 40 of Billboard's R&B albums chart. The follow-up single, "Lovey Dovey", reached number four on the R&B charts, and "Forever Yours" climbed into the R&B Top 20. In 1989, Tony was also featured in a duet with label mate Flame on the song "On The Strength", which reached number 59 on the Billboard R&B singles chart and number 11 on the Billboard Dance/Club Play chart. Terry's self-titled second album, released in 1990, included the single "With You" (his biggest hit) which reached the Top 20 of the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, as well as the Top 10 on the R&B chart. "Everlasting Love", was a number-six R&B hit. After leaving Epic, Terry moved over to Virgin Records. His debut album for that label was 1994's Heart Of A Man. The single, "When A Man Cries", reached Billboards R&B Top 40. The following year, Terry contributed background vocals on the single "Gotta Have Love", from Yolanda Adams's album More Than a Melody. He also appeared in the video. Terry has performed on the soundtracks to Gladiator starring Cuba Gooding, Jr., Tap starring Gregory Hines and King's Ransom starring Anthony Anderson. In 1991, Terry earned two Soul Train Music Award nominations: Single of the Year and Artist of the Year for "With You". His video for "With You" was executive produced by Anita Baker and directed by Blair Underwood, who made a cameo appearance. Terry, is slated to release a new project in 2017, I Tony 6, was released in 2015 on Spectra's Monarchy Records == Acting == Terry was featured in Sisterella, co-produced by Michael Jackson; Mama, I Want To Sing' David E. Talbert's His Woman, His Wife, co-starring Stephanie Mills; and more recently the national tour of Tall Dark and Handsome. He also undertook the The Wiz National Tour as the Tin Man. Terry toured in the stage production Cheezecake Boyz and The Diva. Terry was also seen in Lavarious A. Slaughter's, Love Unbreakable, which began its national tour in February 2012 and is currently starring in Black Nativity at Crossroads Theatre in New Brunswick N.J. == Discography == == Chart albums == == Chart singles == 1

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Simeon Eben Baldwin<EOT>1

Simeon Eben Baldwin

Simeon Eben Baldwin (February 5, 1840 – January 30, 1927), jurist, law professor and the 65th Governor of Connecticut, was the son of jurist, Connecticut governor and U.S. Senator Roger Sherman Baldwin and Emily Pitkin Perkins. He was born in New Haven, which continued to be his home throughout his long life; in spite of his participation in activities of national and international importance, he was associated in a peculiar and intimate way with the political, legal, and intellectual life of his native town and state for more than half a century. On 19 October 1865 he married Susan Mears Winchester, daughter of Edmund Winchester and Harriet Mears. Simeon and Susan had three children: Florence, Roger and Helen.

Simeon Eben Baldwin (February 5, 1840 – January 30, 1927), jurist, law professor and the 65th Governor of Connecticut, was the son of jurist, Connecticut governor and U.S. Senator Roger Sherman Baldwin and Emily Pitkin Perkins. He was born in New Haven, which continued to be his home throughout his long life; in spite of his participation in activities of national and international importance, he was associated in a peculiar and intimate way with the political, legal, and intellectual life of his native town and state for more than half a century. On 19 October 1865 he married Susan Mears Winchester, daughter of Edmund Winchester and Harriet Mears. Simeon and Susan had three children: Florence, Roger and Helen. == Education == As a boy he attended the Hopkins Grammar School in New Haven, Connecticut. Ties of loyalty and interest bound him to this school for the rest of his life. Active in all its alumni work, he was, more specifically, for many years president of its board of trustees; in 1910, on the occasion of the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the school, he delivered a discourse on its history; when shortly before his death it became necessary to house the school in new quarters, he was one of the largest, if not the largest, of the individual donors whose contributions made possible a set of modern buildings for what he was fond of referring to as the fourth oldest institution of learning in the United States. From the Hopkins Grammar School he went to Yale College, from which he was graduated with the class of 1861. There is scant information as to his four years at college. During that period he kept a diary from which he read extracts on the fifty-fifth reunion of his class, but this diary is not at present available. That the studious traits which he later manifested were not altogether lacking at this time may be inferred from the fact that he was elected a member of Phi Beta Kappa and Skull & Bones. Such records as we have do not indicate that there was anything unusual about this young student who had among his classroom contemporaries the poet Edward Rowland Sill, and two others who like himself were later to have much to do with the life of the university, his friends Tracy Peck and Franklin Bowditch Dexter. == Early years == For the two years following his graduation from college he studied law at Yale, at Harvard, and in his father's office. In 1863 he was admitted to the bar and began the practice of law. His seventeen years of service as an associate justice and chief justice of the supreme court of his state and his four years as governor, coming as they did in the latter part of his life, may have had a tendency to obscure for his later contemporaries the fact that he was at least as much as anything else an eminently successful lawyer. In the practice of the law he won distinction both in his own state and outside, and with it the financial emoluments that usually accompany success at the bar. He was keenly alive to the practical side of the lawyer's work and never lost his zest for it. Till almost the very end of his life he maintained a law office, which he visited daily as long as his health would permit, and kept adding to his law library. As late as 1919 his book The Young Man and the Law revealed him still at heart a lawyer. In 1878, he was one of the founders of the American Bar Association and served as President of the American Bar Association from 1890-1891. For twelve years (1907–1919) he was the director of the American Bar Association's Comparative Law Bureau (as well as its Annual Bulletin's editor for general jurisprudence). During the middle portion of his life he was actively engaged in teaching law. Here also he showed ability. One who studied law under him and like him became chief justice of the supreme court of errors of Connecticut says that his old pupils regard his work as a teacher "as more distinctive and weightier in influence upon human life than any other portion of his work. Probably in his day not a half dozen teachers of the law in our country could be placed in his class" (American Bar Association Journal, February 1927, p. 74). To the same effect may be interpreted the action of the Association of American Law Schools, which in 1902 elected him its president. In 1869 he was appointed to the faculty of the Yale Law School, then in a moribund condition. His active participation in the affairs of that school was to continue for just fifty years, for it was not until 1919 that he retired as professor emeritus. The revival of the law school was largely his work. He increased the size of the faculty, instituted new courses, developed graduate work, and for a long time carried much of the financial responsibility for the school's existence (Yale Law Journal, March 1927, p. 680). It was characteristic of him that when shortly before his retirement the method of teaching was changed to the so-called "case system," to which Judge Baldwin, like most of his contemporaries, objected, he never for an instant changed his attitude of loyalty to the school, which some years later was to be most generously remembered in his will. In addition to his work as lawyer and teacher he took an active part in the public affairs of New Haven. He served on the Public Parks commission, on the New Haven common council, and on the board of directors of the New Haven Hospital. Deeply interested in religious work, he was president of the New Haven Congregational Club and of the YMCA. From 1884 until 1896 he was president of the New Haven Colony Historical Society, for which he wrote many papers mostly on subjects of history. == Political life == Even more diversified than his activities in local affairs was his participation in those that concerned the state as a whole. Never a politician, and to the end of his days allowing such honors and offices as came to him to come unsought and unfought for, he nevertheless early became identified with the political life of his state. Starting as a Republican, he was nominated for state senator from the fourth district in 1867, but was not elected. In 1884 he was one of the "independents" who refused to support James G. Blaine, and was chosen president of the Republican organization in Connecticut. The greatest of his political honors came to him when he was an old man. Automatically retired from the position of chief justice of the supreme court, February 5, 1910, because he had reached the age limit of seventy years, he that year was nominated for governor on the Democratic ticket and was elected. At the Democratic National Convention in June 1912 he received twenty votes for the presidential nomination. In November of the same year he was elected governor of his state, nominally strongly Republican, for a second term of two years. He was Democratic candidate for United States senator from Connecticut for the term beginning March 4, 1915. Caught in a Republican landslide and defeated by incumbent Senator Frank B. Brandegee, he nevertheless ran ahead of his party ticket by several thousand votes. It was inevitable that the high regard in which he was held as a lawyer should lead to his being named on various state commissions of reform. In 1872, less than a decade after he began to practice law, the Connecticut legislature elected him one of a commission of five that made the Revision of 1875, the General Statutes of the State of Connecticut. In the same year he was a member of a state commission appointed to revise the education laws. Six years later he was named by the governor of Connecticut acting under a resolution of the state legislature one of a commission of five to inquire into the feasibility of simplifying legal procedure. This commission drew up a set of rules and forms which were approved and adopted by the court as the basis of pleading in civil cases. In 1886 a commission was appointed to report on a better system of state taxation. He was a member of that commission and drew the report. Again in 1915-17 he was chairman of a commission established by the State to revise its system of taxation. But his participation in state affairs was not merely political and legal; he was also actively associated with charitable and religious organizations. At one time or another he was a director of the General Hospital Society of Connecticut and a director of the Missionary Society of Connecticut; he served as moderator of the General Conference of Congregational Churches of Connecticut, and he was a delegate of the Congregational Churches to the national council. His scholarship and his interest in questions of the day led him into affiliations with many of the learned societies. Nor were these affiliations perfunctory only. He regularly attended the society meetings, wrote papers for them, and rose to the highest places in their councils. He was president of the American Social Science Association (1897), International Law Association (1899), American Historical Association (1905), Political Science Association (1910), American Society for the Judicial Settlement of International Disputes (1911), Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, Connecticut Society of the Archeological Institute of America (1914). He was vice-president of the Archeological Institute of America (1898) and of the social and economic science section of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (1903). He was an associate of the Institute of International Law. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1912. He was a member also of the National Institute of Arts and Sciences, American Philosophical Society, elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1893, and a corresponding member of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Colonial Society of Massachusetts, and L'Institut de Droit Comparé. His connections with national and international matters touching law and its ramifications were not restricted to membership in learned societies. In 1899 he was appointed by the State Department a delegate from the United States to the Sixth International Prison Congress, which met the next year at Brussels. Again in 1905 he was United States delegate to a similar congress held at Budapest and was made its vice-president. At this congress he presented his report on the question "By what principles and in what manner may convicts be given work in the fields, or other public work in open air?" In 1904, appointed by President Roosevelt one of the delegates to represent the United States, he was elected vice-president of the Universal Congress of Lawyers and Jurists held in connection with the St. Louis Exposition of that year. His writings cover a number of fields. Among his more pretentious works are: A Digest of All the Reported Cases... of Conn. (2 vols., 1871, 1882), Cases on Railroad Law (1896), Modern Political Institutions (1898), American Railroad Law (1904), The American Judiciary (1905), The Relations of Education to Citizenship (1912), Life and Letters of Simeon Baldwin (1919), The Young Man and the Law (1919). He was a most prolific writer of articles and pamphlets. Some ten years before his death he collected and presented to the Yale Law School nearly a hundred of these in four bound volumes which he entitled in order of numbering: Law and Law Reform, Studies in History, International and Constitutional Law, and Studies in Legal Education and Social Sciences. While these titles very aptly classify his literary output the volumes themselves do not contain all his miscellaneous publications. He was not above medium height, somewhat slight of figure and seemingly frail in physique, though this frailty was in appearance only as he was a man of tremendous, tireless energy. Although in no sense athletic, he made some sort of exercise in the open air each day almost a religious duty. At one time this took the form of bicycle rides, though he soon gave these up in favor of walking. His rule was to cover at least four miles a day, rain or shine, and there was no part of the less congested portions of New Haven and its environs over which he had not many times traveled as he walked unhurriedly alone, stooping somewhat, buried in thought, compelled by poor eyesight to keep his gaze fixed upon his path a few feet ahead of him. This methodical exercise he kept up until, in his last years, injuries received as the result of a fall confined him to his home. His personality, externally at least, was cold, dignified, and grave. Some of those who knew him best say that he was in reality warm-hearted but the characteristics that made an impression on every one were his reserve and his austerity; in general he was an object of respect rather than of affection; he had none of the weaknesses that make men lovable. As deeply religious as any of his Puritan ancestors, he was most broadly tolerant of the beliefs of others. His conception of civic duty was Roman, but he was ever willing to oppose even the State in defending what he regarded as the constitutional and legal rights of the individual. He was frugal to such a degree that on one occasion when traveling as governor with his staff, instead of partaking of a sumptuous dinner in a dining car specially provided for them, he rode in a coach and ate a sandwich which he had brought from home. With this frugality he combined a generosity even more marked. Part of his life was lived in the days of high hats. Such hats, when they became old, were usually donated to the missionaries. To quote from one who for many years served with Judge Baldwin on the committee of a missionary society, "He used to turn in his old high hat at the shop for fifteen cents, but he would give $1,500 to the committee for missions." He was unyielding where a principle was involved; but in matters of mere policy he had the remarkable ability, once he was outvoted, to make the policy of the majority his own even though he had strenuously opposed it. Quiet and unassuming in manner he could be aggressive when he deemed it necessary, as he did in his controversy with Roosevelt when the latter dared to ridicule his ability as a judge. Prompt and unfailing in meeting appointments, unimportant though they might be, he demanded the same consideration from others, even refusing to wait for dinner guests who might be late. Both by nature and training he was conservative, but not reactionary; his mind was open as well as active. If his plea for castration and whipping as generally applicable methods of punishing criminals savors of the archaic (Yale Law Journal, June 1899), he was capable also of starting nationwide comment, as on the radically new ideas embodied in his "The Natural Right to a Natural Death" (Journal of Social Science, 1889). In January 1910 he published "The Law of the Airship" (American Journal of International Law), and in November "Liability for Accidents in Aerial Navigation" (Michigan Law Review, IX, 20). At his suggestion the Connecticut legislature (1911) passed a law regulating the use of flying machines, the first law to be enacted on this subject. France shortly afterward modeled her law on that of Connecticut. In 1911 he had two articles on airship law in foreign journals (Revue de l'Institut de Droit Comparé and Zeitschrift für Völkerrecht und Bundesstaatsrecht). Notwithstanding his work in many fields, his real interest was always in modern law. He has been called an antiquarian, but his studies in this line did not go beyond colonial history, more particularly Connecticut history. Few men have played a more important part in so many activities that concerned their own community. When he was presented for the degree of LL.D. at the Yale Commencement in 1916 he was called, inter alia, "the first citizen of Connecticut." No designation could have fitted him better. – George Edward Woodbine He was the son of Roger Sherman Baldwin, brotherin-law of Dwight Foster (1828-1884), uncle of Edward Baldwin Whitney, grandson of Simeon Baldwin, and the great-grandson of Roger Sherman.1

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Frank H. Murray<EOT>1887 Develops Northwood Station and surrounding area. Northwood Station. 1st September 1887, Between Moor Park and Northwood Hills on the Metropolitan Line. . So few passengers arrived in the early weeks that it was said that the line was doomed to failure. The station was the enterprise of Murray Maxwell Hallowell Carew. 'Northern wood', being to the north of Ruislip. ‘Northwode’ 1435 and there was a small Tudor village in the area.. This was the northern part of the rural parish of Ruislip where firewood gathering was an economic activity for locals and it was a pre-1914 Metroland development. David Carnegie JP put his Eastbury estate on the market on 25th March 1887 when the railway was announced. It was bought by Murray Maxwell Hallowell Carew, who claimed to be a son of one of Nelson’s captains, Carew sold the land of as building plots with a condition that houses should cost at least £750 except for cheaper cottages in the High Street. Roads were named after him and members of his family. From 1887 on, the modern Northwood developed. One of the first promoters was Mr Frank Murray Maxwell Hallowell Carew (1866-1943) and his sons Reginald and Roy. But for a difference this gentleman had with his wife, Dene Road would still be named Edith Road. An observation made at the time on Northwood Station . So few passengers arrived in the early weeks that it was said that the line was doomed to failure. The station was the enterprise of Murray Maxwell Hallowell Carew. Carew became one of the leading spirits of the Lyric Club. He was not suited for domestic and married life, and quarrels early took place between him and his wife. Her friends, that is to say everybody, bring against Carew the now customary charges in such cases. What is admitted on all sides is that a Mrs. Seymour intervened early to cause strife. She bears a curious resemblance to Miss Edith Chester, an accident often utilised on the stage. Whether Carew adored Miss Chester because she was like Mrs Seymour.or Mrs Seymour because she was like Miss Chester, ia not clear. They are both golden haired, and both wear innocent and winning smiles. The Queen's Proctor averred that from the very day the divorce was granted Mr. and Mrs. Carew continued on the most friendly terms, dined together, and otherwise ignored the legal proceedings. Some witnesses spoke to their dining together, but here Mrs. Carew's strange likeness to Mrs Seymour comes in. It is held that Carew and his friends dined with Mrs. Seymour, not with Miss Chester, on these occasions. A really original character, an . old . Irish Roman Catholic cook, who implored Miss Chester to take back her late husband because the Church abhorred divorce, gave evidence. The whole proceedings in this case tended to the greater glory of the stage. An officer of the Life Guards named Ellison went into the witness box to demonstrate that he had had tube honour of Miss Edith Chester's acquaintance, and offered his theory of this important case with great emotion. Lady James Douglas, widow of one of the Marquis of Queensbury's uncles, volunteered her opinion also, in order to put on record the fact that Miss Chester had stayed with her in Scotland. Mrs. Seymour is supposed to have carried Carew off somewhere to. marry him by force. She is a sort of South Kensington adventuress of a better sort. 1917 Jul Lt K.E. Wooton's diary wrote: 'My driver Fagg could be seen anxiously peering through the half open window in July 1917 at the Third Battle of Ypres. I lit a cigarette as my mouth became quite dry, I lit another, it tasted rotten but I smoked it somehow as we got nearer the lines of burning shells. 'We escaped with nothing more than lumps of earth falling around us. The German front line had been smashed almost out of recognition as we passed through shell holes and most were filled with filthy water and bodies. 'Up the hill Fagg and I felt we were in for it as the Germans still held Westhoek and Gelncorse wood. I was kept busy dodging from side to side on my tank as a great many shells fell around us. I should have got inside but I hate being boxed up in the stifling heat of a tank. I felt safer in the open. 'Captain Carew, our section commander dashed madly about to try and get our tank up to an impossible speed. He imagined a tank could behave like a new motor car. Heavens, how heart breaking it was to guide a tank over the frightful ground. Long lines of mules followed us carrying shells and stumbling over the broken ground. Daily Mail News Article . Wooton wasa Second Lieutenant about mid July 1917 and he commanded Mark IV Male 2027 A28 "Amulet" of 6th Section 2nd Company A Battalion on the opening day of Third Battle of Ypres, 31 July 1917. His section commander at the time was Captain Carew (DM has it as Crew) 1

Frank H. Murray

Frank Hardart Murray (born 1953) is an American business executive. He is Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer of InterTech Media and Zocle Media. In the 1990s, Murray was the Chairman and CEO of Goodman Manufacturing Company who engineered Goodman's purchase of Amana Corporation from Raytheon and initiated Amana's successful brand-revitalization campaign. Under Murray, Goodman moved up Forbes' list of 500 Biggest Private Companies from #405 to 66. Murray has an MBA from Harvard Business School and an A.B. degree in mathematics and economics from Ohio Wesleyan University.

Frank Hardart Murray (born 1953) is an American business executive. He is Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer of InterTech Media and Zocle Media. In the 1990s, Murray was the Chairman and CEO of Goodman Manufacturing Company who engineered Goodman's purchase of Amana Corporation from Raytheon and initiated Amana's successful brand-revitalization campaign. Under Murray, Goodman moved up Forbes' list of 500 Biggest Private Companies from #405 to 66. Murray has an MBA from Harvard Business School and an A.B. degree in mathematics and economics from Ohio Wesleyan University. == Early life == Born in New York City and raised in Connecticut, Murray came from a family of entrepreneurs. He is named after his maternal grandfather, Frank Hardart, co-founder of Horn & Hardart, the company known for the Automats - the self serve cafeterias popular in Philadelphia and New York. On his father's side, he is the grandson of William J. Murray (New York) and the great grandson of Samuel J. Murray, who revolutionized the manufacturing of playing cards through the United States Playing Card Company. On his grandmother's side he is the great-grandson of John F. Ahearn who was a prominent Tammany Hall leader and served as Manhattan Borough President from 1903-1909. His father, Samuel J. Murray, was a decorated veteran of World War II. == Career == Early in his career, Frank Murray was a partner in the Beacon Group, a managing director of Mergers & Acquisitions at Merrill Lynch and a vice president at Dillon Read. At Dillon Read, he was a key member in the defense team for Unocal Corporation which prevented a takeover-attempt by T. Boone Pickens' Mesa Petroleum in 1985. The case resulted in the Delaware Supreme Court landmark decision Unocal v. Mesa Petroleum. He first came into contact with Goodman Manufacturing, the largest privately held heating and air conditioning company in the United States, as a financial adviser to Goodman's founder, Harold Goodman. When Harold Goodman died in January 1995, the Goodman family asked Murray to take his place as Chairman and CEO at the company's headquarters in Houston, Texas, the following year. At the time, Goodman was the number four heating and air conditioning company behind Carrier Corporation, and reaching market saturation. Murray saw Amana as "an opportunity to expand into new product lines with a well-known brand." The sale of Amana to Goodman was announced July 14, 1997. The deal included Amana's home appliance, commercial cooking and heating and air conditioning business, but not Raytheon's commercial laundry business. Amana was headquartered in Amana, Iowa, and had 5,500 employees. In keeping with his promise to "enhance the Amana brand," Murray initiated a $20 million brand revitalization campaign for the long dormant Amana brand, by DDB Worldwide's New York branch. The ads, with the tag, "Built Better Than It Has To Be," featured female comedians, including Mad TV's Deborah Wilson, on a bright pastel-colored background, talking about mishaps with refrigerators, ranges and washers and dryers and how Amana features can solve them. Murray left Goodman in 1999 to return to his Connecticut roots and in 2000, launched InterTech Media. InterTech "is the world's fastest growing provider of Internet-based services to media companies. With more than 1,200 client radio and television station clients."1

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Andrasta-class submarine<EOT>1

Andrasta-class submarine

Andrastra is a submarine design concept announced by the French shipbuilder DCNS in 2008. A development of the Scorpène class submarine and based on the previous SMX-23 concept, it is a smaller vessel optimised for shallow water operations. DCNS advertising material for the ship concept, in a PDF document with a date-time stamp of October 19, 2008, includes information and digital illustrations that reveal the torpedo tube configuration and other details. The draught of the proposed submarine is apparent from the numbered depth markings shown on the hull in one of the illustrations. It is designed for anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare, as well as intelligence gathering and special operations.1

Andrastra is a submarine design concept announced by the French shipbuilder DCNS in 2008. A development of the Scorpène class submarine and based on the previous SMX-23 concept, it is a smaller vessel optimised for shallow water operations. DCNS advertising material for the ship concept, in a PDF document with a date-time stamp of October 19, 2008, includes information and digital illustrations that reveal the torpedo tube configuration and other details. The draught of the proposed submarine is apparent from the numbered depth markings shown on the hull in one of the illustrations. It is designed for anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare, as well as intelligence gathering and special operations.1

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Gridwars<EOT>thanks for the reponse Matt . Did you try the editing on coopedit? you just scroll the wheel along with button combos. I thinks its pretty cool 🙂 1

Gridwars

Gridwars (aka GRID WARS) was a programming contest announced in November 2002 by Engineered Intelligence (EI). The competition was devised to promote EI's product called CxC (a parallel programming language) introduced the same day. Gridwars was also announced in selected forums and through personal invitations. Four contests were held in total: in February 2003, in June 2003 (Gridwars II), in November 2003 (Gridwars Interactive), and in April 2004 (Gridwars III). EI was founded by Matt Oberdorfer; in the late 2005 EI discontinued CxC and announced a new product called "I/O accelerator". In the early 2006 EI changed name to Gear6 and replaced Gridwars front page with the announcement of discontinuation. Shortly after the web site www.gridwars.com was shut down.

Gridwars (aka GRID WARS) was a programming contest announced in November 2002 by Engineered Intelligence (EI). The competition was devised to promote EI's product called CxC (a parallel programming language) introduced the same day. Gridwars was also announced in selected forums and through personal invitations. Four contests were held in total: in February 2003, in June 2003 (Gridwars II), in November 2003 (Gridwars Interactive), and in April 2004 (Gridwars III). EI was founded by Matt Oberdorfer; in the late 2005 EI discontinued CxC and announced a new product called "I/O accelerator". In the early 2006 EI changed name to Gear6 and replaced Gridwars front page with the announcement of discontinuation. Shortly after the web site www.gridwars.com was shut down. == Game concept and core rules == The game is played on a board aka "battlefield"—orthogonal grid of given size drawn on a torus (thus opposite edges of the field are in contact). Each cell of the battlefield can be either empty or owned by one of several codes competing for the cells of the battlefield. The code which manages to take over the battlefield or owns most cells after a specified number of cycles is the winner. The original terminology used by EI was peculiar in that it referred to the competing codes as "the warriors" and to the cells as "processors" of a virtual computing grid (hence "the battle for processors") capable, however, of "firing bullets" at each other. The game proceeds in turns (cycles). At the beginning of the game, each code owns one cell. Every cycle, codes are executed for cells they own. As it happens, framework program supplies the codes with some data: who are the cell's eight immediate neighbors (by warrior number, 0 for free cell) and its own warrior number. Based on this data, warriors can "fire three bullets" at one/two/three of its 8 neighbors. Gridwars II introduced a principal extension of original rules: warriors could now return 32-bit word, called communication variable or comvar for short, which framework program would supply to each of its 8 neighbors during the next cycle of battle execution. After all of the cells made their shots, control program evaluates how many bullets in total arrived at every cell from the neighboring warriors, i.e. cells executing the same code. Whichever warrior sends more bullets at the cell (and not less than three in total), takes it over. In case of a tie, cell ownership remains the same. In principle, the game can be played without a computer: on a board whose size is small enough to make it fun. Players can use private boards or paper to specify shooting directions for all of their cells and then show the shots and update the board together. Alternatively, firing directions can be specified on the main board in the cell-by-cell manner (using matches, for example), opponents taking turns. == Winners == With the exception of Gridwars Interactive, top three finishers in each competition were honored in EI's press releases and received prizes provided by Hewlett-Packard who sponsored Gridwars (pocket PCs, digital cameras, printers, and 5-node Xeon cluster to the winner of Gridwars III). Gridwars 1. Scott Balaban (Cleveland, Ohio) 2. John Ours (Cleveland, Ohio) 3. Robert Macrae (London, UK) Gridwars II 1. Vasiliy Gromov (Moscow, Russia) 2. Mark Wenig (Maryland, USA) 3. Robert Macrae (London, UK) MEGA GRID WARS league of Gridwars II 1. Robert Macrae (London, UK) 2. Paul Klinge (VTT, Finland) 3. Shanming Loh (Singapore) Gridwars III 1. Mark Wenig (Greenbelt, Maryland, USA) 2. Paul Klinge (VTT, Finland) 3. Chris Mueller (Katy, Texas, USA) In the interests of objectivity, table below provides additional details with regard to participation. There were reports in the forum that certain codes from a prior competition were resubmitted for participation by EI, and available information of this kind is taken into account. == Press and media == The event that attracted most attention from the press was, by far, Gridwars II. In particular, the final battle between programs written by Vasily Gromov and Mark Wenig: New Scientist: "Gladiator-style 'wars' select out weak programs" New Scientist: "Russian programmer defeats NASA in code war" BBC Russian: "NASA programmer was bitten by Cobra" Russian TV channel news: "Our Vasa has beaten NASA"1

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Rancho Los Alamitos<EOT>Los Alamitos Police Race On The Base AlertOC . 1

Rancho Los Alamitos

Rancho Los Alamitos takes its name from a Mexican land grant in southwestern Los Angeles County and northwestern Orange County, California. Los Alamitos means the Little Cottonwoods or Poplars in Spanish, after the native Fremont Cottonwood (Populus fremontii) trees there. Rancho Los Alamitos originally included much of present-day eastern Long Beach and all of the Orange County cities/communities of Los Alamitos and Rossmoor and most of Seal Beach, Cypress, Stanton and Garden Grove in Southern California. It is also sometimes referred to as Bixby Ranch, after its last private owners. The early 19th century adobe ranch house, still stands today, housing a museum which presents the history of the area.

Rancho Los Alamitos takes its name from a Mexican land grant in southwestern Los Angeles County and northwestern Orange County, California. Los Alamitos means the Little Cottonwoods or Poplars in Spanish, after the native Fremont Cottonwood (Populus fremontii) trees there. Rancho Los Alamitos originally included much of present-day eastern Long Beach and all of the Orange County cities/communities of Los Alamitos and Rossmoor and most of Seal Beach, Cypress, Stanton and Garden Grove in Southern California. It is also sometimes referred to as Bixby Ranch, after its last private owners. The early 19th century adobe ranch house, still stands today, housing a museum which presents the history of the area. == History == The history of the 85,000-acre (340 km²) Rancho Los Alamitos is almost a microcosm for the history of expansion throughout Southern California, from the Native Americana cultures to contemporary times. The area was first the location of the major circa 500 C.E. - 1780s Tongva—Gabrieliño sacred ceremonial and trading village of Povuu'nga, now an archeological site. After Spanish occupation the ownership was to change and the boundaries would shrink many times. Situated in the floodplain between the mouths of the ever-shifting Los Angeles, San Gabriel and Santa Ana Rivers, the coastal plain terrain of the rancho is virtually flat rich soil, and was subject to frequent flooding. The rancho building itself is located near Puvunga springs alongside on one of the few small hills, Alamitos Mesa, in the area. Rancho Los Alamitos was one of five ranchos that resulted from the partition of the original Rancho Los Nietos grant given to Manuel Nieto, a former sergeant in the Spanish army, in 1784 by governor Pedro Fages, coincidentally his former commander. Nieto's grant was not only one of the first three awarded by the Spanish in Alta California, it was also the largest. After Nieto died, his children requested his original grant be partitioned. In 1834, Mexican governor José Figueroa officially declared Rancho Los Alamitos as one of the five partitions. In 1844 the rancho was purchased by Abel Stearns, a Massachusetts native who typified the many Yankees who settled in California and merged with the ruling Mexican Californios population. Stearns, who married Arcadia Bandini, the daughter of the early Spanish regional civic and business leader Juan Bandini, became one of the leading merchants and major ranchos owners in Mexican Alta California. The rancho was on the periphery of the battles that settled the California Campaign of the Mexican-American War by 1846. During the California Gold Rush, the rancho supplied much of the beef that would be herded north to feed the growing number of Immigrants who were flocking to the gold fields of Northern California from 1848 on. After California became a U.S. state in 1850, Rancho Los Alamitos was the headquarters of the largest cattle ranch then in existence in the United States. Through shrewd business dealings, Stearns assumed control of Los Alamitos and many other surrounding ranchos. After a disastrous drought in the 1860s, Stearns lost control of the ranch which was then sub-let to a number of farmers until the early 1880s when John Bixby, a cousin of Jotham Bixby and Llewellyn Bixby who controlled the adjacent Rancho Los Cerritos, bought the rancho along with a group which included his cousins and Isaias Hellman, the founder of the Farmers and Merchants Bank of Los Angeles. Trying to capitalize on the 1880s Southern California land boom, John Bixby developed the townsite of Alamitos Beach, which would eventually be assumed by Long Beach. Before Bixby, could do much more, he died suddenly in 1888, apparently an appendicitis attack, and Rancho Los Alamitos was separated between the three major parties—The developed Alamitos Beach properties were shared equally, while of the rest of the rancho, John Bixby's heirs kept the central section, the Bixby cousins from Rancho Los Cerritos assumed control of the northern portion of the rancho, and Hellman took control of the southern lands around present day Seal Beach. Unfortunately, a financial crisis prevented the various parties from seriously pursuing John Bixby's dream of developing Alamitos Beach. The Bixbys had once flirted with sugar beet production on their Northern California properties. Now in the still financially struggling 1890s, Jotham Bixby arranged to provide land for sugar beet production and recruited the capital of William Clark, who was amongst the richest men in the United States then, from his ownership of Montana copper and Arizona silver mines and of power companies and railroads, to build a sugar beet refinery plant on a portion of the Bixby Ranch property. Later oil discoveries from the Long Beach Oil Field funded the rancho. The historic ranch house, surrounding ranching facilities, and some open landscape of Rancho Los Alamitos can still be found adjacent to Cal State Long Beach. The Bixby family descendants donated the property to the City of Long Beach in 1967. == Historic sites of the Rancho == The early 19th century adobe ranch house still stands today with its historic gardens by Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. and Florence Yoch & Lucile Council, are on the National Register of Historic Places, and open to the public. The Rancho Los Alamitos house and grounds are a museum which presents the history of the rancho era, the country house era, and the region.1

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Tony Clegg (businessman)<EOT>1

Tony Clegg (businessman)

Tony Clegg (8 April 1937 – 1 June 1995) was a British property entrepreneur whose company, Mountleigh, was a stock market favourite in the 1980s.1

Tony Clegg (8 April 1937 – 1 June 1995) was a British property entrepreneur whose company, Mountleigh, was a stock market favourite in the 1980s.1

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Steady Ground<EOT>1

Steady Ground

Steady Ground was an American alternative rock group best known for having former The Offspring drummer Ron Welty in its lineup. On February 26, 2006, Steady Ground released three demos on Myspace, entitled "Everyone's Emotional", "I Can't Contain Myself", and "You Better Close Your Eyes." In 2007, the band released the studio album Jettison, and in the same year they broke up.

Steady Ground was an American alternative rock group best known for having former The Offspring drummer Ron Welty in its lineup. On February 26, 2006, Steady Ground released three demos on Myspace, entitled "Everyone's Emotional", "I Can't Contain Myself", and "You Better Close Your Eyes." In 2007, the band released the studio album Jettison, and in the same year they broke up. == Members == Ron Welty – drums (2001–2007) George Squiers – guitars (2001–2007) Aaron Pointon – vocals (2001–2004) Doug Osterkamp – guitars (2001–2003) Kyle Rogan – bass (2003–2007) Jared Woods – guitars (2003–2007) Josh Anders – vocals (2004–2006) Rick Stitch – vocals (2006–2007) Benjamin Hatch – vocals (2007) == Discography == == Studio albums == 1

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Transport in Tonga<EOT>1

Transport in Tonga

Transport in Tonga includes road, air and water-based infrastructure. There are 680 km of highways in Tonga, of which 184 km are paved, and there are a number of air and seaports. There are three harbours in Tonga: Neiafu, Nukuʻalofa and Pangai, and in terms of merchant marine, the country possesses seven ships that exceed 1,000GRT, whose masses combined total 17,760GRT. By type, there is one bulk ship, two cargo ships, 2 liquefied gas ships, one petroleum tanker and roll-on/roll-off ship. By 1999 estimates, there are 6 airports in Tonga. Of these, one has paved runways, the Fuaʻamotu International Airport on Tongatapu. Of the remaining airports, one has runways exceeding length 1,524 m, two have runways longer than 914 m, with the remaining two having runways shorter than 914 m. The airline of Tonga was Peau Vava'u. There was formerly a railway in Nuku'alofa, but it no longer exists.1

Transport in Tonga includes road, air and water-based infrastructure. There are 680 km of highways in Tonga, of which 184 km are paved, and there are a number of air and seaports. There are three harbours in Tonga: Neiafu, Nukuʻalofa and Pangai, and in terms of merchant marine, the country possesses seven ships that exceed 1,000GRT, whose masses combined total 17,760GRT. By type, there is one bulk ship, two cargo ships, 2 liquefied gas ships, one petroleum tanker and roll-on/roll-off ship. By 1999 estimates, there are 6 airports in Tonga. Of these, one has paved runways, the Fuaʻamotu International Airport on Tongatapu. Of the remaining airports, one has runways exceeding length 1,524 m, two have runways longer than 914 m, with the remaining two having runways shorter than 914 m. The airline of Tonga was Peau Vava'u. There was formerly a railway in Nuku'alofa, but it no longer exists.1

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Waldo County, Maine<EOT>Broadreach Family & Community Services is a non-profit organization serving the people of Waldo, Knox and Lincoln Counties. Services include Early Childhood Education, Behavioral Health and Case Management, Youthlinks out-of-school hours programs for middle and high school students, and prevention services designed to strengthen families and prevent child abuse and neglect and substance abuse. For more information about Broadreach Family & Community Services or the Mid-Coast Mom Prom, contact Sue diRosario at 338-2200 extension 201 or at sdirosario@brmaine.org. The website is www.broadreachmaine.org/momprom . 1

Waldo County, Maine

Waldo County is a county located in the state of Maine, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 38,786. Its county seat is Belfast. The county was founded on 7 February 1827 from a portion of Hancock County and named after Brigadier-General Samuel Waldo, proprietor of the Waldo Patent.

Waldo County is a county located in the state of Maine, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 38,786. Its county seat is Belfast. The county was founded on 7 February 1827 from a portion of Hancock County and named after Brigadier-General Samuel Waldo, proprietor of the Waldo Patent. == Geography == According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 853 square miles (2,210 km²), of which 730 square miles (1,900 km²) is land and 123 square miles (320 km²) (14%) is water. == Adjacent counties == Penobscot County, Maine – northeast Hancock County, Maine – east Knox County, Maine – south Lincoln County, Maine – southwest Kennebec County, Maine – west Somerset County, Maine – northwest == National protected area == Carlton Pond Waterfowl Production Area == Demographics == == 2000 census == As of the census of 2000, there were 36,280 people, 14,726 households, and 10,057 families residing in the county. The population density was 50 people per square mile (19/km²). There were 18,904 housing units at an average density of 26 per square mile (10/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 97.89% White, 0.19% Black or African American, 0.40% Native American, 0.21% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.16% from other races, and 1.15% from two or more races. 0.59% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 24.8% were of English, 14.7% United States or American, 12.7% Irish, 8.5% French and 5.6% German ancestry. 97.1% spoke English and 1.5% French as their first language. There were 14,726 households out of which 30.70% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.20% were married couples living together, 9.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.70% were non-families. 24.90% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.88. In the county, the population was spread out with 24.20% under the age of 18, 7.50% from 18 to 24, 27.80% from 25 to 44, 26.80% from 45 to 64, and 13.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 96.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.80 males. The median income for a household in the county was $33,986, and the median income for a family was $40,402. Males had a median income of $29,644 versus $23,816 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,438. About 10.90% of families and 13.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.60% of those under age 18 and 12.20% of those age 65 or over. == 2010 census == As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 38,786 people, 16,431 households, and 10,627 families residing in the county. The population density was 53.1 inhabitants per square mile (20.5/km²). There were 21,566 housing units at an average density of 29.5 per square mile (11.4/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 97.1% white, 0.4% Asian, 0.4% American Indian, 0.4% black or African American, 0.2% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 0.9% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 24.4% were English, 17.1% were Irish, 9.2% were German, 8.1% were American, 5.7% were Scottish, and 5.2% were Scotch-Irish. Of the 16,431 households, 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 35.3% were non-families, and 27.7% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.81. The median age was 44.1 years. The median income for a household in the county was $41,312 and the median income for a family was $50,222. Males had a median income of $38,960 versus $30,321 for females. The per capita income for the county was $22,213. About 10.2% of families and 14.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.9% of those under age 18 and 11.6% of those age 65 or over. == Politics == == Communities == == City == Belfast (county seat) == Towns == Belmont Brooks Burnham Frankfort Freedom Islesboro Jackson Knox Liberty Lincolnville Monroe Montville Morrill Northport Palermo Prospect Searsmont Searsport Stockton Springs Swanville Thorndike Troy Unity Waldo Winterport == Census-designated places == Searsport Unity Winterport == Other unincorporated villages == East Thorndike East Troy Sandy Point == Cultural references == Waldo County features in Nathaniel Hawthorne's classic novel The House of the Seven Gables as the site of extensive landholdings once claimed by the formerly aristocratic Pyncheon family.1

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Cecil Terence Ingold<EOT>1

Cecil Terence Ingold

Cecil Terence Ingold (5 July 1905 – 31 May 2010) was "one of the most influential mycologists of the twentieth century". He was president of the British Mycological Society where he organized the first international congress of mycologists. An entire class of aquatic fungi within the Pleosporales, the Ingoldian fungi, were named after him, although recent DNA studies are changing the scientific names.

Cecil Terence Ingold (5 July 1905 – 31 May 2010) was "one of the most influential mycologists of the twentieth century". He was president of the British Mycological Society where he organized the first international congress of mycologists. An entire class of aquatic fungi within the Pleosporales, the Ingoldian fungi, were named after him, although recent DNA studies are changing the scientific names. == Academic career == Terence Ingold was born at Blackrock, Dublin and attended school in Bangor, County Down. He studied at Queen's University in Belfast, Northern Ireland, and in 1926 won a First in his bachelor's degree in botany, with emphasis on mycology. He made a short study (in the style of A.H.R. Buller) of dispersal patterns of a Podospora species before taking up a scholarship in autumn 1926 at the Royal College of Science, London. Here the teaching and practicals in higher plant physiology by V. H. Blackman and others stimulated and laid a pattern for his later experimental thinking. He awoke to the value of scientific excursions (which became a keynote of his own teaching) through geological forays at Belfast led by J.K. Charlesworth, and taking part in Sir John Farmer's investigation of mountain vegetation in Snowdonia. In 1927, the year in which he was elected to the Linnean Society of London, he returned to Queen's University for his doctorate in botany which he was awarded in 1930. His dissertation was on systems in plant sap that buffer against changes in pH. During this time he also mapped the vegetation of the summit of Slieve Donard: in 1934 the project was extended, with collaborators, to map the vegetation of the Mourne Mountains as a whole. == University of Reading == In 1929 Dr. Ingold received a faculty lectureship in the Department of Botany, then led by Professor J.R. Matthews, at the University of Reading. In 1934 the palaeobotanist T.M. Harris succeeded to the chair, and greatly influenced him by the example of his energy, his immense knowledge of plants in their environment and in laboratory, and his clarity and honesty of intellect. In 1932, at the urging of Walter Buddin, Ingold joined the British Mycological Society. == University of Leicester == Involvement with the Society strengthened Dr. Ingold's interests in the Fungi. They had become fully confirmed when, in 1937, he was appointed Lecturer in Charge of the Department of Botany at the University College of Leicester. Harris's constant encouragement and guidance were acknowledged in his book Spore Discharge in Land Plants, then in preparation. Ingold took the opportunity to clear away the preserved specimens and to teach from living plants. The analytic and instructive clarity of his line-drawings from the microscope were a hallmark of his research and teaching. The Leicestershire waters and waterways and their aquatic fungi became a focus of interest studied by a circle of his research students, especially in relation to chytridiaceous parasites of freshwater algae (in which his student Hilda Canter (Lund) became expert), and to aquatic Hyphomycetes. In 1942 he published his seminal work: "Aquatic hyphomycetes of decaying alder leaves". == Birkbeck College, University of London == The researches so commenced, and his own particular interest in the hyphomycetes, were continued by Ingold and his students over many years. In 1944 he was appointed to probably the foremost chair in United Kingdom in the field of mycology, at Birkbeck College, University of London. The Department of Botany had been led to prominence since 1909 by Dame Helen Gwynne-Vaughan, pioneer in fungal genetics, who was made Professor in 1921. Following her retirement as Professor Emeritus Ingold first had the task of maintaining its work in the bomb-damaged premises at Fetter Lane during the last months of the War. After the cessation of hostilities he was able to oversee its redevelopment and subsequent move in 1952 to the new Birkbeck College in Malet Street. At Birkbeck Professor Ingold continued to take a major role in the undergraduate teaching, and was joined in 1946 by his wartime Leicester student Bryan Plunkett as lecturer, who remained with him permanently thereafter. Lectures were customarily illustrated by multiple living cultures prepared in laboratory for use with microscopes. Emphasis on fieldwork, living organisms and plants in their environment was maintained by frequent forays with students to favoured locations. In 1965, with a departmental academic staff of seven, he observed that the increasing need to present Botany as an experimental subject would in future demand greatly enlarged facilities, which might only be achieved by the reorganization of their work, with other biological colleagues, into a School of Life Sciences. Meanwhile the Zoological and Botanical departments alternately led the annual expeditions or field trips with students and colleagues for the study of marine environments, for example to Dale Fort near Haverfordwest, Port Erin (Isle of Man), St Peter Port (Guernsey) and to the Scilly Isles. An M.Sc. course in mycology was developed, and much productive research was undertaken, both into aquatic ascomycetes and hyphomycetes, and in studies of the processes of spore production, release and dispersal. The book Dispersal in fungi (1953) described and emphasized dispersal as a vital problem in the life of fungi. Spore Liberation (1965), not a revision of the former, summarized fields of recent research to reveal how spore liberation was fundamental to understanding the structure of fungal fruiting bodies and bryophyte sporogonia. A full revision combining both works in the light of much further research appeared as Fungal Spores, Their Liberation and Dispersal in 1971. His textbook The Biology of Fungi, for those commencing formal study of fungi, was first published in 1961 and was fully revised in later editions. Professor Ingold retired from post at Birkbeck in 1972, and was succeeded as Professor by the palaeo-botanist W.G. Chaloner. == Service to scientific and educational bodies == In the University of London Professor Ingold was Dean of the Faculty of Science (1956–60), Chairman of the University Entrance and School's Examination Council (1958–64), Deputy Vice-Chancellor (1966–68), and Chairman of the Academic Council (1969–72). He served as Vice-Master of Birkbeck College from 1965 to 1970. He was a member of the Inter-Universities' Council for Higher Education Overseas, and its Vice-Chairman 1969-74. He made special efforts towards the development of the University of Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland. He assisted in setting up the New University of Ulster (Coleraine) and the University of Kent (Canterbury). Having served on the Council of the Linnean Society from 1955–57, Professor Ingold was its Botanical Secretary from 1962–97, was Vice-President in 1954-55 and 1965–66, and was a gold medallist in 1983. He was twice President of the British Mycological Society (1953 and 1971), and was President of the First International Congress of Mycology at Exeter in 1971. He was also Chairman of the Council of the Freshwater Biological Association 1965-74. He continued to work on fungi for thirty years after his retirement. By 1985, at the age of 80, he had produced 174 scientific publications; and approximately 100 appeared after that date. His daughter is Patsy Healey and son is the noted anthropologist Tim Ingold. == Contribution to Mycology == Terence Ingold is best known for his pioneering studies into the mechanism of spore discharge; his textbook The Biology of Fungi (which ran to five editions between 1961 and 1984), and for his discovery of an entirely new group of fungi - the aquatic hyphomycetes - of which more than 300 species are now recognised. == Honours and Recognition == In 1970 the Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) was awarded to Ingold for his work in higher education, in both Africa and Jamaica, as well as the UK. In 1974 he delivered the Hooker Lecture, and he was awarded the Linnean Medal for Botany in 1983. In 1985 the Society published a Festschrift in his honour. He received honorary degrees from the Universities of Ibadan, Kent and Exeter. He was elected Corresponding Member of the Botanical Society of America. In 1996 he was awarded the De Bary Award by the International Mycological Association for "lifetime achievement in mycological research, particularly, contributions to our knowledge of fungal spore release and dispersal and the recognition of aquatic fungi as ecological specialists". In 1998 he received the Millennium Botanical Award and Botanical Congress Gold Medal from the International Botanical Congress. == Major works == 1939. Spore discharge in land plants. Oxford University Press. 1971. Fungal spores: their liberation and dispersal. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198541158 == Eponymous taxa == == Other sources == Webster John (2005). "Centenary of a mycologist: C. Terence Ingold". Mycological Research. 109: 753–754.1

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Johnson Muthama<EOT>1

Johnson Muthama

Johnstone Nduya Muthama is a Kenyan business man and politician. He belongs to Wiper Democratic Movement-Kenya and was elected to represent the Kangundo Constituency in the National Assembly of Kenya since the Kenyan parliamentary election, 2007. currently he is the CORD Alliance chief whip in the senate. Muthama is one of the hard stand politicians who have openly disagreed with jubilee government policies. He is affiliated to Kalonzo Musyoka, the presumed leader of kamba politics in Kenya In early November 2013, Senator Muthama publicly announced that the government of Uhuru Kenyatta had withdrawn his security due to his stand over the ongoing cases in the international Criminal Court where Uhuru Kenyatta is facing trials. Muthama categorically stated that he was not going to relent from speaking the truth.Muthama has been a case of controversial on goings. In June 2016, Senator Muthama was among Eight Kenyan politicians arrested for hateful public utterances. Six of the politicians were later arraigned in court. They were detained for four days in various police stations around Nairobi before reappearing in court. The charges against Senator Muthama were dropped on 28 July 2016. He has opposed the nomination of Wavinya Ndeti as Wiper Party candidate for the office of the Machakos County.1

Johnstone Nduya Muthama is a Kenyan business man and politician. He belongs to Wiper Democratic Movement-Kenya and was elected to represent the Kangundo Constituency in the National Assembly of Kenya since the Kenyan parliamentary election, 2007. currently he is the CORD Alliance chief whip in the senate. Muthama is one of the hard stand politicians who have openly disagreed with jubilee government policies. He is affiliated to Kalonzo Musyoka, the presumed leader of kamba politics in Kenya In early November 2013, Senator Muthama publicly announced that the government of Uhuru Kenyatta had withdrawn his security due to his stand over the ongoing cases in the international Criminal Court where Uhuru Kenyatta is facing trials. Muthama categorically stated that he was not going to relent from speaking the truth.Muthama has been a case of controversial on goings. In June 2016, Senator Muthama was among Eight Kenyan politicians arrested for hateful public utterances. Six of the politicians were later arraigned in court. They were detained for four days in various police stations around Nairobi before reappearing in court. The charges against Senator Muthama were dropped on 28 July 2016. He has opposed the nomination of Wavinya Ndeti as Wiper Party candidate for the office of the Machakos County.1

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Ian Blackwood<EOT>1

Ian Blackwood

Ian Blackwood (born August 12, 1982) is a Canadian musician and actor known for being the vocalist/guitarist of the Toronto-based punk rock band The Artist Life, and for playing Kyle Bateman on the CTV teen hit Instant Star. He now fronts the rock and roll band This Is The Noise, and is a technician for the band, Walk Off The Earth. Blackwood started playing guitar at the age of 11, originally taught by his father Michael Blackwood. He started his first band at age 14 called Otherwise Known As. Blackwood grew up in the Greater Toronto Area (905) underground music scene playing in many bands, most notably as a drummer for Jersey a guitarist for The Fullblast, and guitar and backup vocals for the band Always Outnumbered. Blackwood graduated from Lord Elgin High School (which has since changed its name to Robert Bateman) in June 2000, and attended Capilano College in Vancouver B.C. but left after one semester of studying film productions/screen writing and acting. Blackwood is a member of the Alliance of Canadian Cinema, Television and Radio Arts. (ACTRA). He owns a recording Studio called LimeGreen Studio in Mississauga, Ontario having recorded and mixed Sarah Blackwood's first solo album Way Back Home among other projects. Blackwood is the brother of former The Creepshow lead singer and current Walk Off The Earth member Sarah Blackwood, as well as Jen Blackwood who is also a former vocalist for The Creepshow.

Ian Blackwood (born August 12, 1982) is a Canadian musician and actor known for being the vocalist/guitarist of the Toronto-based punk rock band The Artist Life, and for playing Kyle Bateman on the CTV teen hit Instant Star. He now fronts the rock and roll band This Is The Noise, and is a technician for the band, Walk Off The Earth. Blackwood started playing guitar at the age of 11, originally taught by his father Michael Blackwood. He started his first band at age 14 called Otherwise Known As. Blackwood grew up in the Greater Toronto Area (905) underground music scene playing in many bands, most notably as a drummer for Jersey a guitarist for The Fullblast, and guitar and backup vocals for the band Always Outnumbered. Blackwood graduated from Lord Elgin High School (which has since changed its name to Robert Bateman) in June 2000, and attended Capilano College in Vancouver B.C. but left after one semester of studying film productions/screen writing and acting. Blackwood is a member of the Alliance of Canadian Cinema, Television and Radio Arts. (ACTRA). He owns a recording Studio called LimeGreen Studio in Mississauga, Ontario having recorded and mixed Sarah Blackwood's first solo album Way Back Home among other projects. Blackwood is the brother of former The Creepshow lead singer and current Walk Off The Earth member Sarah Blackwood, as well as Jen Blackwood who is also a former vocalist for The Creepshow. == Gear == Marshall JCM 800 2204 50 watt amplifier head Traynor Speaker Cabinets Fender Jazzmaster and Telecaster guitars Gibson Hollow Body and Les Paul Junior guitars Shure Microphones and Wireless Systems Dean Markley Strings and accessories == Sponsors == Converse Shoes Fender Guitars Gibson Guitars Traynor Amps Dean Markley Atypical Clothing Co1

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Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences<EOT>1

Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences

Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences shortly NIMS is an Institute under State Legislature Act in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. It is established under the Act of Andhra Pradesh State Legislature.It has campuses in Punjagutta and Bibinagar.

Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences shortly NIMS is an Institute under State Legislature Act in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. It is established under the Act of Andhra Pradesh State Legislature.It has campuses in Punjagutta and Bibinagar. == Overview == NIMS is recognized by University Grants Commission and Medical Council of India. It is administered under the supervision of Governing Council, Executive Board, Director and other statutory bodies. The institute is located in Punjagutta area at the prime center of the twin cities and spread over an area of about 23 acres (93,000 m²). It has the constructed area of more than six lakh sq.ft. The Institute serves through 27 Departments. Out of them, 14 are Super Specialties and others are Supporting Departments. The Institute has a bed strength of 946, out of which 603 are in General Wards, 166 in private rooms and 177 in emergency and post operative care. It publishes the monthly journal "The Clinical Proceedings of Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences" for the last 20 years. == History == The Nizam's Charitable Trust in 1961 thought of starting a specialty Hospital for orthopaedic patients with an initial investment of Rs. 55 Lakhs. The foundation stone was laid on 16 July 1961 by Sri Morarji Desai, Minister for Finance, Government of India. The Nizam's Orthopaedic Hospital was inaugurated by Sri S. K. Patil, Union Minister for Railways and was declared open by Her Highness, the Princess of Berar on 22 December 1964. The first Superintendent of the hospital was M. Ranga Reddy, a well known Orthopedic Surgeon, who convinced Nizam to build a specialty hospital for Orthopedics and played an important role in its construction. The Hospital was under the Nizam charitable trust until it was handed over to AP Government. Dr Ranga Reddy was the administrator of the hospital also till then. The Trust handed over the hospital to the Government of Andhra Pradesh on 13 February 1976 under a 99-year lease agreement for which the trust receives rs 1 each year. The hospital was renamed as Nizam's Institute of Orthopaedics and Specialities (NIOS). It was inaugurated by Sri Jalagam Vengala Rao, Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh on 31 March 1976.N The Government established the Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS) on 11 March 1980 as an autonomous body registered under A.P. Public Societies Registration Act. This was inaugurated by Marri Chenna Reddy, Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh on 17 March 1980. With the objective of developing into a full-fledged super specialty hospital for patient care, research and training, the Government, transferred NIOS to IMS on 25 March 1986 under the name of Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, during the tenure of Sri. Nandamuri Taraka Ramarao, Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, with Kakarla Subba Rao as the first Director. With the objective of further developing the educational and research facilities the Andhra Pradesh State Legislature passed a bill making NIMS a university. The Act came into effect from 18 June 1989. == Objectives == To create a Centre of Excellence for providing medical care, educational and research facilities of high order in the field of medical science in the existing superspecialties and such other superspecialties that may develop in future, including continuing Medical Education and Hospital Administration To develop patterns of teaching in postgraduate level and in superspecialties so as to set a high standard of medical education To provide for training in paramedical and allied fields, particularly in relation to superspecialties To function as a referral hospital and To provide for postgraduate teaching and conduct of research in the relevant disciplines of modern medicine and allied sciences, including interdisciplinary fields of physical and biological sciences == Directors == M Ranga Reddy First superintendent and orthopedic surgeon Duvvuri Bhaskara Reddy, pathologist Kakarla Subba Rao, radiologist professor I. Dinakar, Neurosurgeon professor D. Raja Reddy, neurosurgeon professor D. Prasada Rao, Cardiothoracic surgeon professor A. Dharma Rakshak, Cardiothoracic surgeon professor Lavu Narendranath, Ortho surgeon Addl professor K. Manohar, professor == Academics == The Institute conducts several courses recognised by Medical Council of India in about 40 disciplines and issues certificates. Selection is based on the performance in the Entrance Test called "NIMSET" M.D. in Anesthesiology, Biochemistry, General Medicine, Pathology, Radiation Oncology, Radiology and Hospital Administration. M.S. in Orthopaedics D.M. in Cardiology, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Nephrology, Neurology, Medical oncology M.Ch. in Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neurosurgery, Plastic Surgery, Urology M.H.M in Hospital Management B.Sc. in Nursing B.P.T [bachelor of physiotherapy] M.P.T in Neurosciences M.P.T in Musculoskeletal Sciences M.P.T in Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences Postgraduate Diploma Courses in 13 paramedical fields == Alumni == Gulla Surya Prakash, Interventional Cardiologist at Care Hospitals, Musheerabad and Secunderabad. Sree Bhushan Raju1

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The Blue God<EOT>1

The Blue God

The Blue God is the second studio album by British singer-songwriter Martina Topley-Bird, her first in five years. Released on 12 May 2008, the album had been complete since at least September 2007. Since then, Topley-Bird slowly revealed track titles and posted songs from the album on her official website and her MySpace page. The Blue God was produced by Danger Mouse. The album was preceded by its first single, "Carnies," on 3 March 2008. "Poison," the second single, was released on 5 May 2008. The single's B-side is a collaboration with Gorillaz & Roots Manuva which interpolates certain elements of the Gorillaz' demo "Snakes & Ladders" the B-Side is called: "Soldier Boy". The third single from the album, "Baby Blue," was released as a digital download on 7 September 2008. The album reached number 88 on the UK Albums Chart in its first week of release.

The Blue God is the second studio album by British singer-songwriter Martina Topley-Bird, her first in five years. Released on 12 May 2008, the album had been complete since at least September 2007. Since then, Topley-Bird slowly revealed track titles and posted songs from the album on her official website and her MySpace page. The Blue God was produced by Danger Mouse. The album was preceded by its first single, "Carnies," on 3 March 2008. "Poison," the second single, was released on 5 May 2008. The single's B-side is a collaboration with Gorillaz & Roots Manuva which interpolates certain elements of the Gorillaz' demo "Snakes & Ladders" the B-Side is called: "Soldier Boy". The third single from the album, "Baby Blue," was released as a digital download on 7 September 2008. The album reached number 88 on the UK Albums Chart in its first week of release. == Track listing == 1

0.1899

Andrea Cornaro (cardinal)<EOT>Bibliography. Berton, Charles. Dictionnaire des cardinaux, contenant des notions générales sur le cardinalat, la nomenclature complète ..., des cardinaux de tous less temps et de tous les pays ... les détails biographiques essentiels sur tous les cardinaux ... de longues études sur les cardinaux célèbre ... Paris : J.-P. Migne, 1857 ; Facsimile edition. Farnborough ; Gregg, 1969, col. 781; Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1793, IV, 261-263; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1630, II, cols. 1551-1552; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1935; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, III, 28, 61, 62, 67, 126 and 301; Gams, Pius Bonifatius. Series episcoporum Ecclesiae catholicae. 3 v. in 1. Graz : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1957, pp. 854 and 924; Goñi, J. "Cueva y Toledo, Bartolomé de la." Diccionario de historia eclesiástica de España. 4 vols. Dirigido por Quintín Aldea Vaquero, Tomás Marín Martínez, José Vives Gatell. Madrid : Instituto Enrique Flórez, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1972-1975; Suplemento (1987), Supplement, 240-243; Guitarte Izquierdo, Vidal. Episcopologio Español (1500-1699). Españoles obispos en España, América, Filipinas y otros países. Rome : Instituto Español de Historia Eclesiástica, 1994. (Publicaciones del Instituto Español de Historia Eclesiástica; Subsidia; 34), p. 61; Weber, Christoph and Becker, Michael. Genealogien zur Papstgeschichte. 6 v. Stuttgart : Anton Hiersemann, 1999-2002. (Päpste und Papsttum, Bd. 29, 1-6), V, 341; "Cueva oder Queva, (Bartholomeus de la)." In Zedler, Johann Heinrich, and Carl Günther Ludovici. Grosses vollständiges Universal-Lexicon aller Wissenschafften und Künste. 64 v. Graz, Adakemische Druck, 1961- . Reprint. Originially published : Halle : J. H. Zedler, 1732-50. Vols. 19-64 ed. by Carl Günther Ludovici, VI, col. 1811. Bibliography. Berton, Charles. Dictionnaire des cardinaux, contenant des notions générales sur le cardinalat, la nomenclature complète ..., des cardinaux de tous less temps et de tous les pays ... les détails biographiques essentiels sur tous les cardinaux ... de longues études sur les cardinaux célèbre ... Paris : J.-P. Migne, 1857 ; Facsimile edition. Farnborough ; Gregg, 1969, cols. 260-263; Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1793, IV, 254-256; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1630, II, cols. 1548-1549; Daniele, Ireneo. "Armagnac, Georges d'." Enciclopedia Cattolica. 12 vols. Città del Vaticano : Ente per l'Enciclopedia cattolica e per il Libro cattolico, 1948-1954, I, cols. 1953-1954; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1935; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, III, 28-29, 63, 64, 75, 127, 219, 288, 321 and 325; Farges, Louis. "Armagnac, Georges d'." La Grande encyclopédie, inventaire raisonné des sciences, des lettres et des arts, par une sociité de savants et de gens de lettres. 31 vols. Paris : Larousse, 1886-1902, III, 986; Moroni, Gaetano. Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica da S. Pietro sino ai nostri giorni. 103 vols. in 53. Venezia : Tipografia Emiliana, 1840-1861, III, 35-36; Zedler, Johann Heinrich, and Carl Günther Ludovici. Grosses vollständiges Universal-Lexicon aller Wissenschafften und Künste. 64 v. Graz, Adakemische Druck, 1961- . Reprint. Originially published : Halle : J. H. Zedler, 1732-50. Vols. 19-64 ed. by Carl Günther Ludovici, II, 1521-1522. Bibliography. Berton, Charles. Dictionnaire des cardinaux, contenant des notions générales sur le cardinalat, la nomenclature complète ..., des cardinaux de tous less temps et de tous les pays ... les détails biographiques essentiels sur tous les cardinaux ... de longues études sur les cardinaux célèbre ... Paris : J.-P. Migne, 1857 ; Facsimile edition. Farnborough ; Gregg, 1969, cols. 868-869; Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1793, IV, 267; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1630, II, col. 1554-1555; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1935; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, III, 29, 60, 140 and 156; Gams, Pius Bonifatius. Series episcoporum Ecclesiae catholicae. 3 v. in 1. Graz : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1957, pp. 780, 832 and 871 ; Zedler, Johann Heinrich, and Carl Günther Ludovici. "Durante de Duranti." Grosses vollständiges Universal-Lexicon aller Wissenschafften und Künste. 64 v. Graz, Adakemische Druck, 1961- . Reprint. Originially published : Halle : J. H. Zedler, 1732-50. Vols. 19-64 ed. by Carl Günther Ludovici, VII, col. 1639. <doc-sep> Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1793, IV, 103-105; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1630, II, col. ; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1935; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, III, 20, and 140; Zedler, Johann Heinrich, and Carl Günther Ludovici. Grosses vollständiges Universal-Lexicon aller Wissenschafften und Künste. 64 v. Graz, Adakemische Druck, 1961- . Reprint. Originially published : Halle : J. H. Zedler, 1732-50. Vols. 19-64 ed. by Carl Günther Ludovici, VI, 1298-1299. <doc-sep> Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1793, VI, 41-44; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1630, II, cols. 1891-1892; Gauchat, Patritium. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1935; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, IV, 5, 40, 52 and 113; Storti, Nicola. La storia e il diritto della Dataria Apostolica dalle origini ai nostri giorni. Napoli : Athena Mediterranea Editrice, 1969, p. 170; Zedler, Johann Heinrich, and Carl Günther Ludovici. Grosses vollständiges Universal-Lexicon aller Wissenschafften und Künste. 64 v. Graz, Adakemische Druck, 1961- . Reprint. Originally published : Halle : J. H. Zedler, 1732-50. Vols. 19-64 ed. by Carl Günther Ludovici. <doc-sep> Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 28, 1500; he was published on October 2, 1500 in his absence; received the title of Ss. Silvestro e Martino, October 5, 1500. He obtained that in May 1501, Hungary allied itself with the pope, Venice and Spain for the war against the Turks. Did not participate in the first conclave of 1503, which elected Pope Pius III. Did not participate in the second conclave of 1503, which elected Pope Julius II. On January 28, 1506, he obtained and indult to confer ecclesiastical benefices. Named titular Latin patriarch of Constantinople, October 30, 1507. In May 1509, he received from Venice the order of convoking a council against the pope but he refused. In 1511, he made Hungary remain neutral in the fight between Venice and the League of Cambrai, formed by the pope, France, Spain, and Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian. In 1510, several cardinals rebelled against Pope Julius II; both parties tried to win him over; the cardinal kept a waiting attitude; when in the following year, 1511, the pope deposed and excommunicated those cardinals and condemned the schismatic Council of Pisa and announced that he would hold the V Lateran Council in 1512, Cardinal . Bakócz sided with the pope. Cardinal protoprete, November 1511. Called by Pope Julius II, he went to Rome at the beginning of 1512 with a magnificent retinue but did not participate in the consistory of January 30, 1512. On May 17, 1512, he celebrated the pontifical mass in the second session of the V Lateran Council. On November 5, 1512, he went before Mathieu Lang, representative of Emperor Maximilian I, future cardinal, and accompanied him to the gate of Popolo. On March 4, 1513, he celebrated the mass of the Holy Spirit in the chapel of S. Andrea, because the patriarchal Vatican basilica was under reconstruction. He was member of the council's committee for the reform of the church and the Roman curia. Participated in the conclave of 1513, which elected Pope Leo X. On May 12, 1513, the new pope gave him in commendam the canonships and parochial churches of Sankt Cunibert and Sankt Severin in Cologne; and the parish of Erkelenz, diocese of Liège. Legate a latere in Hungary, Bohemia and Poland to promote the crusade against the Turks, July 15, 1513; at the same time, he was appointed apostolic visitor to all the monasteries of both men and women religious. On September 20, 1513, he received a special instruction from the pope to restore the unity of the Bohemian clergy; he left Rome for Hungary on November 9, 1513; on his way, he apparently visited the Shrine of Loreto; his efforts for the promotion of the crusade did not succeed; the nobles opposed the project and it ended in a fight between them and the crusaders, in which the nobility was victorious; on June 19, 1518, the pope extended his legation for another year. He appeased a revolt against King Louis II, who had succeeded his father King Wladislas II in 1516; after the death of the king, the cardinal's influenced waned considerably and he spent his final years almost in a complete retirement. He had Italian architects built the chapel of Corpus Christi in Esztergom, transported stone by stone to the new cathedral consecrated in 1856; the altar of the chapel was carved from red marble by Andrea Ferrucci, a sculptor from Fiesole in 1519. 1

Andrea Cornaro (cardinal)

Andrea Cornaro (1511–1551) was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal.

Andrea Cornaro (1511–1551) was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal. == Biography == A member of the House of Cornaro, Andrea Cornaro was born in Venice on December 18, 1511, the son of Giacomo Cornaro. He was the nephew of Cardinals Marco Cornaro and Francesco Cornaro, and a cousin of Cardinals Luigi Cornaro and Federico Cornaro. On March 13, 1532, he was elected Bishop of Brescia. He was appointed administrator of the diocese until he reached the canonical age of 30; he thereafter occupied the see until his death. In 1534, he became a cleric in the Apostolic Camera. Pope Paul III made him a cardinal deacon in the consistory of December 19, 1544. He received the red hat and the deconry of San Teodoro on January 9, 1545. As cardinal, he attended a few sessions of the Council of Trent. He was also a participant in the papal conclave of 1549-50 that elected Pope Julius III. The new pope made Cardinal Cornaro papal legate in Viterbo and the Patrimonium Sancti Petri. On June 27, 1550, he opted for the deaconry of Santa Maria in Domnica. A scholar, he published two pastoral works, De statu praelatorium and De residentia episcoporum. Seven volumes of his letters in Latin and two volumes in the Venetian language were also published. He died in Rome on January 30, 1551. He was initially buried in the Basilica di Sant'Agostino. His remains were later transferred to Venice and buried in the family tomb in San Salvador.1

0.1900

Counting Crows<EOT>Usually I close pop-ups, I block them outright, I don’t look at them. But thanks to a little tipster in my inbox, I visited CountingCrows.com and let the pop-up of a Cracker Jack box advertising their summer tour appear and do its flash animation thing and wait and wait . . . until finally I got the prize – the first listen mp3 download off their upcoming album, Saturday Nights, Sunday Mornings (due November 6th)! The opening notes sound bit Maggie May-ish, no? After listening to it seven times, I’m gonna fall firmly into the “love it” camp: <doc-sep> It appears that you already have an account created within our VIP network of sites on . To keep your personal information safe, we need to verify that it's really you. To activate your account, please confirm your password. When you have confirmed your password, you will be able to log in through Facebook on both sites. It appears that you already have an account on this site associated with . To connect your existing account just click on the account activation button below. You will maintain your existing VIP profile. After you do this, you will be able to always log in to http://diffuser.fm using your original account information. <doc-sep> Our community record stores are where we share our passion for music with others! We are important to all kinds of music lovers who need information, want advice and hope to be turned on to some new tunes. And indie stores are magnets. . . places to hear live music, where musicians meet other musicians, where friendships are made . . . where people find common ground. . . hell where the “young ones” pick up their first copy of Led Zeppelin II !! Our local record stores are still the best places to be turned on to new sounds or to rediscover music that has influenced our lives. . . there’s just NO substitute for the vibe!! We must ROCK ON! Stores from Birmingham to San Francisco have been turning people into life long fans of my music, Train's and countless other bands and artists for as long as I can remember . I miss being able to see a great Independent music store as often as I used to. With that said though, they are still as strong a contributor to the music business as ever. They're where I got my start. Thank you all!” 1

Counting Crows

Counting Crows is an American rock band from Berkeley, California, formed in 1991. The band consists of Adam Duritz (lead vocals, piano), David Bryson (guitar), Charlie Gillingham (keyboards, accordion), Dan Vickrey (lead guitar), David Immerglück (guitar, banjo, mandolin), Jim Bogios (drums, percussion) and Millard Powers (bass guitar). Counting Crows gained popularity following the release of its debut album, August and Everything After (1993), which featured the hit single "Mr. Jones." They have sold more than 20 million albums worldwide and received a 2004 Academy Award nomination for their song "Accidentally in Love," which was included in the film Shrek 2. The band's influences include Van Morrison, R.E.M., Bob Dylan, and The Band.

Counting Crows is an American rock band from Berkeley, California, formed in 1991. The band consists of Adam Duritz (lead vocals, piano), David Bryson (guitar), Charlie Gillingham (keyboards, accordion), Dan Vickrey (lead guitar), David Immerglück (guitar, banjo, mandolin), Jim Bogios (drums, percussion) and Millard Powers (bass guitar). Counting Crows gained popularity following the release of its debut album, August and Everything After (1993), which featured the hit single "Mr. Jones." They have sold more than 20 million albums worldwide and received a 2004 Academy Award nomination for their song "Accidentally in Love," which was included in the film Shrek 2. The band's influences include Van Morrison, R.E.M., Bob Dylan, and The Band. == Origin of band name == Singer Adam Duritz and guitarist David Bryson began playing San Francisco coffeehouses together, performing under the name Counting Crows. The name was taken from One for Sorrow, a British divination nursery rhyme about the superstitious counting of magpies, a member of the crow family. Duritz heard the rhyme in the film Signs of Life, which starred his close friend, actress Mary-Louise Parker. Developing a following in the Bay Area and deciding to expand the band, Duritz and Bryson kept the name as they added new members. The most common modern version of the rhyme: One for sorrow, Two for joy, Three for a girl, Four for a boy, Five for silver, Six for gold, Seven for a secret never to be told. The rhyme is featured in the third verse of the song "A Murder of One" on the band's début album August and Everything After. == History == == 1990s == == 1991–92: Formation and early years == Adam Duritz, former member of the Bay Area band The Himalayans, and producer/guitarist David Bryson formed Counting Crows in San Francisco in 1991. They began as an acoustic duo, playing gigs in and around Berkeley and San Francisco. Another friend, guitarist David Immerglück, played with them from time to time, though he was not an official member of the group, and experimented with other musicians in the area. As the emerging band recorded some demos, and as other musicians joined the duo to make a full band, Immerglück recorded with the band on some of the songs for their first album. He declined joining the band at the time, because of his membership in two other locally popular bands, Monks of Doom and Camper Van Beethoven. By 1993, the band had grown to a stable lineup of Duritz as vocalist, occasional pianist, and primary songwriter, Bryson on guitar, Matt Malley playing bass guitar, Charlie Gillingham on keyboards, and Steve Bowman as drummer, and the band was a regular in the Bay Area scene. The same year, the band signed to Geffen Records. On January 16, 1993, the band, still relatively unknown, filled in for Van Morrison at the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame ceremony, and was introduced by an enthusiastic Robbie Robertson. At the ceremony, they played a cover of Van Morrison's "Caravan." Before signing to Geffen, the band recorded demo versions of a number of songs, known as the 'Flying Demos'. These later surfaced among the Counting Crows fanbase. Tracks include "Rain King," "Omaha," "Anna Begins," "Einstein on the Beach (For an Eggman)," "Shallow Days," "Love and Addiction," "Mr. Jones," "Round Here," "40 Years," "Margery Dreams of Horses," "Bulldog," "Lightning," and "We're Only Love." Some songs from the tape later resurfaced (in reworked versions) on the band's debut album August and Everything After. == 1993–94: August and Everything After and popular success == From the beginning, Counting Crows focused on live performances. The band's debut album August and Everything After, produced by T-Bone Burnett, was released in September of 1993. The band toured extensively in 1993 and 1994, both as headliners and in supporting roles with other artists, including Cracker, the Cranberries, Suede, Bob Dylan, Los Lobos, Jellyfish, and Midnight Oil. The first single, "Mr. Jones," refers to The Himalayans' bassist, who was Duritz's childhood friend, Marty Jones, and Kenney Dale Johnson, the drummer of Silvertone, Chris Isaak's band, describing the desire of working musicians to make it big and the fantasies they entertain about what this might bring. Duritz sang the song in fun, enjoying the fantasy of making it big. However, he did not realize that just months later, in December 1993, MTV would begin playing the video for the song. It was an unexpected hit song, drawing massive radio play and launching the band into stardom. August and Everything After became the fastest-selling album since Nirvana's Nevermind. With the turbo charge of their first single propelling the band forward, and positive reviews from Rolling Stone and other publications, it was decided that the band could use a second guitarist, and Dan Vickrey, another Bay Area musician was offered the role as lead guitarist, singing backing vocals. The harmonies within the band drew praise from the start. In 1994 the band appeared on Saturday Night Live and Late Show with David Letterman, and toured with The Rolling Stones. The album sold 7 million copies, but success took a toll on the band; drummer Steve Bowman left, and Duritz suffered a widely reported nervous breakdown, which was not his first. == 1995–98: Recovering the Satellites and double live album == The band played only two gigs in 1995. This allowed Duritz to write a set of songs that became the band's second album, Recovering the Satellites. Released October 15, 1996, it was heavier than August and Everything After, perhaps due to the addition of second guitarist Dan Vickrey, who had joined in early 1994. A response to the sudden fame that "Mr. Jones" had brought, it contains lyrics such as "These days I feel like I'm fading away / Like sometimes when I hear myself on the radio" (from "Have You Seen Me Lately?") and "Gonna get back to basics / Guess I'll start it up again" (from "Recovering the Satellites"). Dealing with the theme of Duritz's unease with his newfound fame, the album was described as "a concept album of sorts about trying to pick up the pieces of a family, a social life and a psyche shattered by fame." This album contained the hit single "A Long December" which received medium to heavy FM airplay. On July 2, 1997, Counting Crows kicked off a co-headlining tour with The Wallflowers that continued through September. This tour included opening acts by Bettie Serveert, Engine 88, Gigolo Aunts, and That Dog, with each opening band touring for a three-week stretch. After nine months of near-constant touring in support of the album, Duritz developed nodules on his vocal cords in July 1997, leading to the cancellation of a number of gigs. After taking time off to recover, the band toured for the rest of 1997, concluding with a show at the Hammerstein Ballroom, New York. This concert was released as half of a double live album Across a Wire: Live in New York City. The other disc was a recording of a predominantly acoustic set from the band's appearance on the VH1 Storytellers show. == 1999–2001: This Desert Life and extensive touring == In 1999, Counting Crows performed at Woodstock 99. Later that same year, the band released This Desert Life, sales of which were propelled by the success of "Hanginaround" and "Colorblind," which was also featured in the movie Cruel Intentions. Supporting the album, the band embarked on a co-headlining tour with alternative rock band Live. Counting Crows closed nearly every show. Before this album and subsequent tour, the band invited session player and long-time friend David Immerglück to join the band as a permanent member. Immerglück had played on every Counting Crows album as a sideman, but early on had declined a permanent position. This time, however, Immerglück said yes and now plays variety of instruments with the band, including acoustic, electric, and pedal steel guitars, slide guitar, and mandolin, as well as contributing backing vocals. == 2000s == == 2002–03: Hard Candy and greatest hits album == On July 9, 2002, the band released their fourth studio album, Hard Candy. The album included a cover of Joni Mitchell's song "Big Yellow Taxi." Vanessa Carlton contributed backing vocals to the single edit of the track, which appeared on the soundtrack for Two Weeks Notice and was re-released on future Hard Candy albums. The original version, without vocals by Carlton, appeared on the first album release as a hidden track. Hard Candy received better reviews than the previous efforts, with "radio friendly" songs, like "American Girls" (which featured Sheryl Crow on backing vocals), and contains a more upbeat feel and tempo. The band toured with the Dutch band, Bløf. A song, "Holiday in Spain," came together as a result of the camaraderie between the two groups: it is sung partly as a dual language duet, and partly as a musical "round," with both lead singers singing in differing languages at the end of the song. Midway through the Hard Candy tour, drummer Ben Mize (born February 2, 1971, Durham, North Carolina) amicably left the band to spend more time with his family and pursue his own musical interests. After Mize completed the American leg of the tour, he was replaced by Jim Bogios, formerly a drummer with Ben Folds and Sheryl Crow. Jim attributes leaving Sheryl Crow for Counting Crows to becoming a band member and having more creative input. Following the Hard Candy tour, longtime bassist Matt Malley left the band. He was replaced by Millard Powers. Counting Crows released the greatest hits album, Films About Ghosts in November 2003; the album title was taken from the lyrics of "Mrs. Potter's Lullaby," which appeared on This Desert Life. The band also toured in 2003 with John Mayer, in 2008 with Maroon 5, and in 2002 and 2004 with the Graham Colton Band. == 2004–06: Oscars and New Amsterdam == In 2004, the band's "Accidentally in Love" appeared on the soundtrack of the hugely popular computer-animated film Shrek 2. The song was nominated and performed for an Academy Award, and later versions of the 2003 greatest hits album include the track, which was re-released in 2004. The official film clip of the song features LA-based international model Steve Vanda. In June 2006, the band released New Amsterdam: Live at Heineken Music Hall, a live album assembled from performances on their 2003 tour in support of Hard Candy. Although it is composed mainly of performances of already released material, it also contains "Hazy" (co-written with tour support act Gemma Hayes) and various vendor-specific additional tracks, such as a cover of Jackson C. Frank's "Blues Run the Game." == 2007–08: Saturday Nights & Sunday Mornings == Duritz hinted in a 2006 interview that Counting Crows' next studio record would be released in late 2007. He indicated that the band had spent three weeks working in a recording studio with Gil Norton, the producer behind Recovering the Satellites, and revealed the working title of the album to be Saturday Nights & Sunday Mornings. Duritz explained that "Saturday night is when you sin and Sunday is when you regret. Sinning is often done very loudly, angrily, bitterly, violently." Vickrey stated that "the idea at the moment is to have kind of a rocking side and then an acoustic-y, maybe country-ish side. We got the first half done in May in New York, so half of it is pretty strong and done. And now we're going to work on the second half, the country tunes, during the tour." Amidst touring in July 2007, the band performed live before the Home Run Derby at the 2007 MLB All-Star Game, and on July 22 previewed two new songs at Daniel S. Frawley Stadium in Wilmington, Delaware, a new ballad titled "Washington Square" and a hard rocking track called "Cowboys." On August 8, 2007, VH1 filmed a live performance of "Mr. Jones," clips of which were shown on the miniseries 100 Greatest Songs of the 90s. The song ranked No. 27 on the list. In September 2007, Counting Crows played a unique show at Town Hall in New York City, during which they performed all tracks from August and Everything After in album order. The show was recorded for a planned DVD release, and also featured several songs from the new album. On September 27, Duritz announced on his blog that the band had asked its record label to postpone the album's release until early 2008, citing the time pressures involved in preparing both the new album and an August and Everything After deluxe edition for release. On January 16, 2008, the band released a digital single on their official website as a free download. It featured "1492" from the "Saturday Nights" half of the new album, and "When I Dream Of Michelangelo" from the "Sunday Mornings" half as its B-side. The album was released on March 25, 2008. In support of the release, Counting Crows performed on The View, Good Morning America, and The Howard Stern Show in March; A&E Private Sessions, The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson, and The Late Show with David Letterman in April; and again on Good Morning America in May, this time from a live concert in Bryant Park. == Departure from Geffen == On March 22, 2009, Duritz announced on the band's website that the band would be leaving Geffen Records, with whom they had worked for 18 years. On this day a message from Duritz himself was posted on the band's homepage: a second message was posted a few weeks later. He ended the first letter with a free download of the band's cover of Madonna's "Borderline." The track was recorded live at the Royal Albert Hall in 2003. Following the departure from Geffen, the band has continued to tour. During the summer of 2009, they launched the ambitious Saturday Night Rebel Rockers Traveling Circus and Medicine Show tour with longtime Bay Area friend Michael Franti, his band Spearhead, and the band Augustana. Instead of the traditional concert format of a short set by an opening act, followed by a longer set from a main supporting act, and then a long set by the headlining band, the shows featured members of all of the bands joining each other for songs from each bands' catalogs at various points throughout the evening. As Duritz explained in a welcoming message on the official website for the tour, each show "is going to start with EVERYONE onstage together and we're going to all be running on & off stage all night playing one each other's songs all together and basically just playing whenever we feel like playing." The success of the first tour spawned a second in the summer of 2010 with Counting Crows and Augustana joined by rock/hip-hop artist (and formally trained jazz trumpeter) NOTAR, whom Duritz had signed to his independent Tyrannosaurus Records label, in place of Franti & Spearhead. == 2010s == == 2010–13: Independent releases and individual projects == At the conclusion of the second Traveling Circus tour, Duritz returned to his home in New York City while the other band members retreated to California. Various members began work on individual projects. Duritz has shared solo recordings and musical cover songs online, including the 7-song EP All My Bloody Valentines recorded in February 2011, as well as his progress with recovery from several prescription drug addictions. Vickrey and Bogios recorded the self-titled debut album for their side project, The Tender Mercies, a band with roots going back to the early 1990s. The album was released on October 24, 2011. The long-awaited release of August and Everything After: Live at Town Hall on August 30, 2011 marked the band's third professionally produced live album and the first concert video of their career, using footage from the Town Hall concert recorded in September 2007. The band also returned to the studio in the spring of 2011 to record a number of cover songs with the intention of releasing a full-length album, an idea Duritz first began publicly speaking of following the release of Saturday Nights and Sunday Mornings. Duritz confirmed, while on tour with the band and through social media in the fall of 2011, that they were in the process of mixing over 20 songs and that an album of the covers would be released in the spring of 2012. The covers album, Underwater Sunshine (Or What We Did On Our Summer Vacation), was originally announced on December 14, 2011, with a planned release on March 27, 2012. The band recorded versions of songs by Travis, The Romany Rye, Dawes, Sordid Humor, Madonna, Big Star, Kasey Anderson & the Honkies, Gram Parsons, Joe Jackson, the Faces, and Stereophonics, amongst others. It was eventually released on April 10, 2012, with a cover design by a fan chosen in a promotional contest. After touring extensively in 2012 and 2013 in support of the album, including headlining The Outlaw Roadshow, a traveling festival tour presented by the band in conjunction with Ryan Spaulding of the music blog Ryan's Smashing Life, and a summer 2013 North American tour with The Wallflowers, the band began working on material for a new album. Duritz also took time in the summer of 2012 to begin co-writing a play called Black Sun, which will also feature some music written by Duritz, including well-known rarity songs "Good Luck" and "Chelsea." In addition to touring, a number of live recordings for the music discovery website Daytrotter soon followed. A four-song session was released on the site in April 2012, with a second session recorded in July 2012 but released on the site the following July. A top-billed performance at the site's Barn on the 4th celebration concert at Iowa's Codfish Hollow Barn on July 4, 2012, was also released through the site on video and digital download. A live album, Echoes of the Outlaw Roadshow, was released in April 2013. Culled from various performances throughout the previous year's festival tour, the album was released in different fashions throughout various markets. Available for direct sale in the UK market, Echoes was offered as an incentive for purchasing Underwater Sunshine in the Australian market. In North America, Echoes was given away as a digital download with the purchase of tickets to the summer 2013 tour. The album was given an official retail release in North America in November 2013. == 2014–present: Somewhere Under Wonderland == Writing of material for a new album, Somewhere Under Wonderland, began early in 2013 and continued during that year's summer tour. Duritz, Powers, Vickrey, and Immerglück got together in New York City that August for a 10-day writing session during which they wrote six songs. The first song written for the new record was "God of Ocean Tides." Expecting to go into the studio in late fall 2013, the band began recording for the new album in early December and finished in February 2014. The group signed with Capitol Records to distribute the album with a scheduled release on September 2, 2014. Lead single "Palisades Park" was released on July 8, 2014. == Live performances and covers == Counting Crows, and Adam Duritz in particular, have become renowned for the energetic, passionate nature of their live performances. Duritz frequently extends and rewrites songs live, adding extra verses or alternate middle sections and/or endings, sometimes fitting most of another of the band's other songs into the middle of the first. On a live performance on Howard Stern's Sirius broadcast radio show, he delivered an altered version of "'Round Here" that Stern said was one of the best performances in his studio he had ever heard, with anchor Robin Quivers agreeing. He often uses other artists' lyrics in these sections as well, ranging from well-known acts, such as Bruce Springsteen, Van Morrison and George Gershwin, to obscure Bay Area bands, including revisiting material from his days working with Sordid Humor. Most songs have been altered at some point during the band's history; the ones most often subjected to this treatment include "Round Here," "Goodnight Elisabeth," "Rain King," and "A Murder of One." Examples of this can be heard on the MTV Live at the 10 Spot disc from Across a Wire: Live in New York City (on which "Round Here" contains lyrics from "Have You Seen Me Lately?") and the VH1 Storytellers disc ("Anna Begins" has an extended midsection with new lyrics, and the introduction to "Mr. Jones" includes lyrics from "Miller's Angels" and from The Byrds' "So You Wanna Be A Rock & Roll Star"). Fansites have attempted to keep records of these alternate lyrics, or "alts." The band has also become known for its acoustic performances, most notably recorded on the VH1 Storytellers disc from Across a Wire: Live in New York City. In addition, as of Fall 2010 (and maybe earlier), the band has recorded Coffee Covers for Sirius-XM Radio Channel-51 ("The Coffee House"), including a cover of The Ghost in You (Psychedelic Furs). iTunes Live from SoHo was recorded on March 27, 2008, at an in-store performance in the SoHo Apple Store in New York City. The album was an iTunes exclusive. It featured many songs from the band's 2008 release Saturday Nights and Sunday Mornings along with old favorites such as "Rain King" and "A Long December." The band has drawn deep in covering artists such as Otis Redding, George Harrison, Wilco, Teenage Fanclub, Rod Stewart, Fairport Convention, Pure Prairie League, The Rolling Stones, Jackson C. Frank, Bob Dylan, Jackson Browne, Grateful Dead, Joni Mitchell, Warren Zevon, Bruce Springsteen, U2, Simon and Garfunkel, Psychedelic Furs, Oasis and The Band. In 2008 the band launched a new website, offering band-approved, soundboard-quality recordings of its concerts. In February 2011 Duritz released an indie album of cover songs he had recorded entitled All My Bloody Valentines, in which he allowed Facebook followers to help name and design the cover art for the album. The album is allowed for free download on Duritz's soundcloud webpage. Duritz later announced that the band has continued recording a new album as an independent band. The album August and Everything After: Live at Town Hall was released on August 29, 2011. == Live audience recordings == The band actively encourages the recording of its concerts and the distribution of the resulting bootleg recordings (though the tapers who create the recordings eschew such terminology on account of its association with unauthorized creation and its tendency to imply that the taper has black-market commercial intentions: see "Taper (concert)"). The band hosts a trading network on its website to enable fans to swap concert recordings. Sale of fan recordings for profit is prohibited; fans must either trade their own recordings for others or pay for blank media, postage, and packaging. An unofficial torrent site, named Crowstown, offers a vast quantity of video and live audience recordings for free. == Band members == Current members Jim Bogios – drums, percussion (2002–present) David Bryson – rhythm guitar, vocals (1991–present) Adam Duritz – lead vocals, piano (1991–present) Charlie Gillingham – keyboards, piano, accordion, clarinet (1992–present) David Immerglück – lead and rhythm guitar, pedal steel guitar, banjo, mandolin, vocals (1999–present, session member 1993–1999) Millard Powers – bass guitar, keyboards, vocals (2005–present) Dan Vickrey – lead guitar, banjo, vocals (1994–present) Former members Steve Bowman – drums, percussion (1991–1994) Matt Malley – bass guitar, vocals (1992–2005) Ben Mize – drums, percussion, vocals (1994–2002) == Timeline == == Discography == Studio albums August and Everything After (1993) Recovering the Satellites (1996) This Desert Life (1999) Hard Candy (2002) Saturday Nights & Sunday Mornings (2008) Underwater Sunshine (2012) Somewhere Under Wonderland (2014)1

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Glen Coe<EOT>The extremelly talented Calum MacPhail and Sean Cousins will be opening Octoberfest here at the Clachaig . They will also… <doc-sep> Very interesting Jo and very clear photos . I must confess I’ve never seen it so obvious before. I was rather hoping that you had scrambled up to it and could give some feedback. Accounts of the scramble to it vary considerably in terms of difficulty. 1

Glen Coe

Glen Coe (Scottish Gaelic: Gleann Comhann, [klan̪ˠˈkʰo.ən̪ˠ]) is a glen of volcanic origins, in the Highlands of Scotland. It lies in the north of Argyll, close to the border with Lochaber. It is often considered one of the most spectacular and beautiful places in Scotland, and is a part of the designated National Scenic Area of Ben Nevis and Glen Coe. The narrow glen shows a grim grandeur. The glen, approaching from the east on the main A82 road, is surrounded by wild and precipitous mountains. Further west at Invercoe, the landscape has a softer beauty before the main entrance to the glen. The main settlement is the nearby village of Glencoe located at the foot of the glen, near the site of the 1692 Massacre of Glencoe. The Glen is named after the River Coe which runs through it. The name of the river may predate the Gaelic language as its meaning is not known although it is possible that the name stems from an individual personal name, Comhan (genitive Comhain). Another theory gives 'glen of the dogs'.

Glen Coe (Scottish Gaelic: Gleann Comhann, [klan̪ˠˈkʰo.ən̪ˠ]) is a glen of volcanic origins, in the Highlands of Scotland. It lies in the north of Argyll, close to the border with Lochaber. It is often considered one of the most spectacular and beautiful places in Scotland, and is a part of the designated National Scenic Area of Ben Nevis and Glen Coe. The narrow glen shows a grim grandeur. The glen, approaching from the east on the main A82 road, is surrounded by wild and precipitous mountains. Further west at Invercoe, the landscape has a softer beauty before the main entrance to the glen. The main settlement is the nearby village of Glencoe located at the foot of the glen, near the site of the 1692 Massacre of Glencoe. The Glen is named after the River Coe which runs through it. The name of the river may predate the Gaelic language as its meaning is not known although it is possible that the name stems from an individual personal name, Comhan (genitive Comhain). Another theory gives 'glen of the dogs'. == Geography == The glen is U-shaped, formed by an ice age glacier, about 12.5 km (7.8 mi) long with the floor of the glen being less than 700 m (0.4 miles) wide, narrowing sharply at the Pass of Glen Coe. The entrance to the glen from the west is below the foot of Buachaille Etive Beag just west of Lochan na Fola. From hereabouts the waters run to Loch Leven. It is usual for the area east of Lochan na Fola to be classed as within Glencoe but it is not in fact, being an upper reach of Glen Etive. Glen Coe twists and turns before opening out at Loch Leven. The south side of the glen is marked by a succession of distinct peaks: Buachaille Etive Beag, then by the Three Sisters, shoulders of the Bidean nam Bian massif, subdivided by Coire Gabhail (the Glen of Capture or Hidden Valley) and Coire nan Lochan. The third sister is Aonach Dubh. By contrast the north side of the glen is a stark wall of mountain, the Aonach Eagach ridge. The Ridge is crossed at the eastern end by the Devil's Staircase, an old military road opposite Buachaille Etive Mòr. The western end terminates with the conical Pap of Glencoe (Sgùrr na Cìche), above Glencoe village, at the point where the glen opens out to Loch Leven. The River Coe itself — Ossian's "dark Cona" — rises at the north-eastern base of Buachaille Etive Beag and flows west along the glen, with dramatic waterfalls at the Pass of Glen Coe. It then runs through the small Loch Achtriochtan before it turns north west. It then passes through Glencoe village, shortly before flowing into the sea loch of Loch Leven (a salt-water arm of Loch Linnhe) at Invercoe. Loch Achtriochtan is Loch Trychardan (three friends or relatives) in Timothy Pont's map of the area. In the glen to the east of Buachaille Etive Beag, the River Coupall runs north to the head of the glen, but it swings east round the Buachaille Etive Mòr to join the River Etive running south. == Geology == Geologically speaking, Glen Coe is the remains of an ancient supervolcano. It is considered to be one of the best examples of subsidence calderas. The eruption happened about 420 million years ago during the Silurian period, and the volcano has long since become extinct. The landscape was further shaped by the processes of glaciation during the last ice age, 10,000 years ago. == Ownership == Glen Coe was once part of the lands of Clan Donald, though since the ending of the clan structure they have progressively sold off their estates. The land was purchased by the National Trust for Scotland in the 1930s using money donated by the Scottish Mountaineering Club. It was later found out that most of the money came from the SMC's then chair, Percy Unna. He laid out a number of conditions, known as the "Unna Principles" regarding how the NTS should manage the estate with regards to Access and maintaining the wild nature of the land. The building of a visitor centre caused some controversy, as some felt this to be a contravention of Unna's "Principles". The original centre was later closed, and a new one built further west, down the glen on land not part of the original purchase. The last area of Glen Coe to be owned by the MacDonalds was the area around Invercoe. In 1894 Donald Alexander Smith, 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal purchased this area and built a stately mansion, Mount Royal. In 2002 Alistair MacDonald of Glencoe made a successful eleventh-hour bid, and purchased the remaining lands of Lord Strathcona from his descendants. Alistair received unsecured loans from just six donors, and immediately set up the Glencoe Heritage Trust, a non-profit-making charitable trust, to secure the heritage of Glen Coe. Most of the Glen is now owned by the National Trust for Scotland whose visitor centre has displays about both the natural and historical significance of the glen. Lord Maurice Hurrell F.C.I.I, was a certified [part] owner from December 2012 and also part owner of the land around Dunans Castle, Glendaruel, Argyll and Bute. == Tourism, walkers and climbers == Glen Coe is a very popular tourist destination: partly because of its scenic qualities and historical associations, partly because it is on the main road north (the A82), and also because of its attraction for walkers and climbers. It is famous for the quality, and variety of its winter climbing, most of its routes being comparatively easy to access from the main road. Many walkers come to Glen Coe on the West Highland Way following the old military road over Rannoch Moor which crosses the River Etive at the Kings House Hotel. From there it is about 2 km (1.2 mi) to the head of the glen, then about 2 km into the glen the Way ascends the Devil's Staircase, a steep, boulder-strewn "cut" (352 m high) which is part of the old military road and drove road north across the hills to Kinlochleven. For hillwalkers there are several good routes on the Bidean nam Bian (1,150 m) massif which forms a complex Y-shaped hill with several lesser tops, including Stob Coire Sgreamhach (1,072 m) which also has Munro status. One attractive way in to these tops ascends from the Pass of Glen Coe up along the Hidden Glen, Coire Gabhail, to the ridge. Both Buachaille Etive Beag (958 m) and Buachaille Etive Mòr (1,022 m) also offer opportunities to hillwalkers. Rock climbers concentrate on the Buachaille Etive Mòr (1,018 m), often called simply "The Beuchle", and on the various routes on the Three Sisters (shoulders of Bidean nam Bian). For adventurous experienced walkers, the finest mainland scramble in the UK is the Aonach Eagach. This extended scramble boasts two of Scotland's trickiest Munro hills, Sgorr nam Fiannaidh (996 m) and Meall Dearg (951 m). The Aonach Eagach ridge terminates at the Pap of Glencoe (741 m). The Glencoe ski centre, also known as the White Corries, is on the hill of Meall a' Bhuiridh (1,108 m) which is on the east side of Glen Etive, outside Glen Coe proper. This centre is popular with locals and is used by many skiers from the Glasgow area as the nearest ski resort at under 80 miles (130 km) from the city centre. It forms part of the "Black Mount" estate, which is based on Loch Tulla which is to the South East. Other points of interest include The Study at the Pass of Glen Coe; the cave of Ossian, where tradition says that he was born. The Iona cross was erected in 1883 by a Macdonald in memory of his clansmen who perished in the massacre of 1692. There is car parking at the scenic waterfalls in the Pass of Glen Coe, which was used as the location for "The Bridge of Death" and "The Gorge of Eternal Peril" in filming Monty Python and the Holy Grail, attracting Monty Python pilgrims. Sets for the third Harry Potter film, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, were built near to the bottom of Clachaig Gully, north of the Clachaig Inn. There are also some shots of the eastern glen, including Buachaille Etive Mòr in the Bollywood film Kuch Kuch Hota Hai, and in the James Bond film Skyfall (which was mainly filmed in Glen Etive). There is a folk museum in Glencoe village. == Settlements, tourist accommodation == Other than a few scattered farms, the only settlement in Glen Coe is the village of Glencoe, which lies at the western end of the glen close to Invercoe where the river joins Loch Leven. About 2 km to the west, on the southern shore of the loch, is the village of Ballachulish, known in the past for its slate quarries, which have been worked since 1760. The famous Clachaig Inn, a pub with a nearby camp site Red Squirrel Campsite Glencoe much favoured by climbers and hillwalkers, is sited at the bend in the glen about 3 km (1.9 mi) from Glencoe village. A Scottish Youth Hostels Association hostel is sited about 2 km (1.2 mi) from the village, on the way to the inn, as well as an independent hostel (Glencoe Independent Hostel). The Kings House Hotel, lying about 2 km to the east of the head of the glen towards Rannoch Moor, is a relic of the old coaching days when it was customary for tourists to drive from Ballachulish via Tyndrum to Loch Lomond. This old inn still welcomes visitors, and thrives on the tales of walkers and skiers, as well as climbers down from the glen's peaks. One can also stay in The Glencoe Inn, located in the heart of Glencoe Village. For campers, there are three official campsites in and around the Glen. Wild camping is permitted in certain areas of the Glen, in accordance with the Scottish outdoor access code and the principles specified by Percy Unna. However, environmental concerns and increasing pollution of the River Coe in the mid 1990s led to a decision to exclude a specific area and prohibit wild camping within that area. The area is to the east of the Clachaig Hotel, from the River Coe to the Aonach Eagach, and east as far as the junction of the Old Military Road and the modern A82. The exclusion has led to improvements being observed in the river and the Clachaig area. Well known residents of Glencoe include Hamish MacInnes, veteran of Mount Everest expeditions, climbing consultant for such films as the Eiger Sanction and a mountain rescue pioneer. == Mythology == Glencoe is supposed to have been the birthplace of Ossian according to John Cameron (1822–1898), a local bard who was also Bard to the Ossianic Society. "In the middle of the vale runs 'the roaring stream of Cona', the mountain of Malmor rises on the south side, and the celebrated Dun-Fionn - 'the hill of Fingal' on the north. Several of the names referring either to the heroes of the Fingalian race, or to their general occupation, hunting, are numerous in the district. Sgur-mam-Fiann, 'the mountain of the Fingalians'; Coe, the name of the river is supposed to be the Cona of Ossian; Grianan Dearduil, 'the sunny place of Darthula'; Acha-nan-con, 'the field of the dogs'; Caolas-nan-con, 'the ferry of the dogs', and the neighbouring country bear similar traces. Morven is the peculiar name of Fingal's domain; an island in Loch Etive is supposed to be named from Usnoth, the father of Nathos; and Etive itself is named from the deer of its mountains." == Gallery == 1

0.1902

Chloe Arthur<EOT>Simply being friends doesn't make a pair an example, nor does just being True Companions - rather, in terms of The Four Loves, this is Philia with overtones of Storge but a complete lack of Eros . Despite their tendency to inspire shipping, there's a good reason they're called Platonic Life Partners. However, there is precedent for Relationship Upgrades to occasionally happen if one or both partners realize their feelings run deeper. Occasionally, Better as Friends and Anchored Ship also will crossover into this trope if romantic pairing change their status, voluntarily or otherwise. Confirmed by one of Kubo's editors on Japanese TV . In regards to Ichigo, said editor refers to Rukia as "aibou" (non-romantic partner, in the line of True Companions) and to Orihime as "heroine" (which in Japan can mean either "main female character" or "Love Interest"). Modern incarnations of Hawkeye and Black Widow are usually depicted this way. There's a great post explaining their relationship here: x . Mulder and Scully exemplify this trope during the first half of The X-Files. The fact that they eventually get together retroactively turns this into a case of Will They or Won't They?, but for the first four or five seasons, the relationship is portrayed as an intensely close but basically platonic romantic friendship . (Keeping them platonic forever seems to have been the original intention, although Word of God is somewhat contradictory on the subject, but eventually the characters just seemed to have other ideas.) 1

Chloe Arthur

Chloe Arthur (born 21 January 1995) is a Scottish football midfielder who plays for Bristol City in the FA WSL 2.

Chloe Arthur (born 21 January 1995) is a Scottish football midfielder who plays for Bristol City in the FA WSL 2. == Club career == Arthur transferred together with Heather Richards from Celtic to Hibernian in December 2014. After a year in Edinburgh she made an international transfer and joined Bristol City. == International career == The debut of Arthur on the international stage with Scotland was away against Northern Ireland on 8 February 2015. Arthur came on in the 63th minute. She also represented Scotland at under-17 and under-19 level. == Personal life == Her father, Gary, was one of ten people killed when a police helicopter crashed into the Clutha Bar, Glasgow, in November 2013.1

0.1903

Memphis Maniax<EOT>1

Memphis Maniax

The Memphis Maniax was an American football team based in Memphis, Tennessee. The team was part of the XFL begun by Vince McMahon of World Wrestling Entertainment and by NBC, a major television network in the United States. Home games were played at the Liberty Bowl.

The Memphis Maniax was an American football team based in Memphis, Tennessee. The team was part of the XFL begun by Vince McMahon of World Wrestling Entertainment and by NBC, a major television network in the United States. Home games were played at the Liberty Bowl. == History == The team's name and logo were designed to lead the team's fans into calling the team "The Ax", a shortened form of the word "maniacs". Regardless, the name and logo were roundly criticized by advocates for the rights of the mentally ill, believing they were derived from a derisive term for a person suffering from mental illness, "maniac", and/or a depiction of a deranged axe-wielding murderer, though no picture of an axe was in the logo. Still, many of the fans formed their own cheering section at the Liberty Bowl unofficially known as "The Asylum". The Maniax Director of Player Personnel was Steve Ortmayer, who had become respected in the pro football world for helping to build the Super Bowl XVIII-champion Los Angeles Raiders. Steve Ehrhart, who had managed both the Memphis Showboats and Memphis Mad Dogs, returned as general manager for the Maniax. The head coach was Kippy Brown. At slightly over 20,000 fans per game, the Maniax were in the lower half of league average attendance; this figure was higher than the Mad Dogs had drawn, and comparable to that of the NFL's Tennessee Oilers during their lone season in Memphis, but lower than the Showboats. They were in the Western Division with the Los Angeles Xtreme, San Francisco Demons, and Las Vegas Outlaws. They finished tied for second place at 5-5 with the Demons, but did not make the playoffs as the Demons had the better division record during the season. The Maniax were one of two teams to beat the eventual league champion Xtreme, and the only team to beat them twice, going 2-0 vs. their divisional rivals in the regular season; not coincidentally, they, along with the Xtreme and Demons, were the only three XFL teams to maintain the same starting quarterback through the entire season. NBC officials wanted to move the XFL games to afternoons after the first season (2001) due to dismal ratings, and when, somewhat to McMahon's surprise and disappointment the United Paramount Network (UPN) wanted to follow suit, the league was then folded and the team disbanded. == Season by season == Sunday February 4, 2001 W Memphis Maniax 22 at Birmingham Thunderbolts 20 Sunday February 11, 2001 L Las Vegas Outlaws 25 at Memphis Maniax 3 Saturday February 17, 2001 L San Francisco Demons 13 at Memphis Maniax 6 Sunday February 25, 2001 W Memphis Maniax 18 at Los Angeles Xtreme 12 Sunday March 4, 2001 L Orlando Rage 21 at Memphis Maniax 19 Saturday March 10, 2001 W Chicago Enforcers 23 at Memphis Maniax 29 Saturday March 17, 2001 L Memphis Maniax 15 at New York/New Jersey Hitmen 16 Saturday March 24, 2001 L Memphis Maniax 12 at San Francisco Demons 21 Sunday April 1, 2001 W Los Angeles Xtreme 12 at Memphis Maniax 27 Saturday April 7, 2001 W Memphis Maniax 16 at Las Vegas Outlaws 3 == Standings == == Team leaders == Rushing yards: 528 - Rashaan Salaam (1994 Heisman Trophy winner) Receiving yards: 823 - Charles Jordan Passing yards: 1,499 - Jim Druckenmiller all-XFL has the complete team stats1

0.1904

James Butler (American football)<EOT>A founding member of NATA, Eddie Wojecki was active in the profession for more than 50 years. His longest stint as head athletic trainer was at Rice University, 1945-67. An author of several magazine articles on athletic training techniques, Wojecki was the head athletic trainer for the 1952 U.S. Olympic Team in Helsinki. He chaired the committee that instituted a Hall of Fame. . <doc-sep> This collection includes correspondence, business papers, genealogical material, and photographs of the families of Ensign Burnett (1833-1912) and Tyre Denney (1828-1873) of Dade, Linn, and Webster counties in Missouri. Included are photographs of Burnett School in Webster County, and miscellaneous items pertaining to the communities of Linneus, Lockwood, and Seymour in Missouri . This collection contains personal correspondence of Charles Rannells, his wife Mary Warder Rannells, his mother-in-law Ann Aston Warder, and other members of both families, along with a few family-related business records. The papers are organized into three groupings.Approximately one-half of the correspondence is that of Charles Rannells. Business-related documents include letters and records regarding the "hiring out" of slaves apparently owned by the family, legal work done for the Philipson family of St. Louis and papers regarding the Rannells trusteeship . Personal correspondence includes letters written to his wife during an extended family visit in 1863 and a number written while he was under treatment in a sanitoriums in Pennsylvania. The John Diedrich Voerster collection includes family tree data for the Voerster family between the years 1802 and 2002. Contains complete data for the descendants of John Diedrich Voerster (1802-1878), Engelbert Voerster (1842-1908) and John Voerster (1870-1936) . The collection also includes forty-six photographs of Voerster family members. 1

James Butler (American football)

James Oscar Butler, Jr. (born September 7, 1982) is a former American football safety who played in the National Football League. He was signed by the New York Giants as an undrafted free agent in 2005. He played college football at Georgia Tech. Butler earned a Super Bowl ring with the Giants in Super Bowl XLII.

James Oscar Butler, Jr. (born September 7, 1982) is a former American football safety who played in the National Football League. He was signed by the New York Giants as an undrafted free agent in 2005. He played college football at Georgia Tech. Butler earned a Super Bowl ring with the Giants in Super Bowl XLII. == Early years == Butler was a four-year letterman at Bainbridge High School in Bainbridge, Georgia, where he was the state champion in the triple jump as a sophomore. He was Class 5A honorable mention All-State selection as well as First-team All-Region and All-South Georgia. He had 69 tackles and two interceptions as a senior, following 54 tackles and four interceptions as a junior. == College career == Butler was an American football free safety at Georgia Tech from 2001 to 2004. He was undrafted despite his highly decorated collegiate career. While at Georgia Tech, he majored in Building Construction. Butler, in four years, totaled 204 tackles, seven interceptions, ten pass breakups, four forced fumbles and blocked two field goals in his final two years as a starter at Georgia Tech, recorded 240 tackles in his career with the Yellow Jackets, was a semifinalist for the Jim Thorpe Award as the nation’s top defensive back as a senior in 2004, when he was named First-team All-ACC for the second straight season, was second on the team with 85 tackles along with two interceptions, four pass breakups, a forced fumble and a blocked field goal, was also named to the ACC All-Academic team for the second straight year. The most notable performance of Butler's career was in 2004 when Georgia Tech's defense held Maryland to only 81 yards of total offense. Butler was inducted into the Georgia Tech Sports Hall of Fame on Oct. 11, 2014. == Professional career == == Pre-draft == (* represents NFL Combine; **represents Georgia Tech Pro Day) == New York Giants == Butler saw action in 16 games during his rookie season in which he accumulated one start, plus the NFC Wild Card Game, tied for second on the team with 21 special teams tackles (19 solo). He recorded 18 tackles (14 solo), two interceptions, five passes defensed and one fumble recovery in play in dime packages. In 2006, Butler played in 14 regular season games with most of his action coming on special teams but he did see action in dime packages on defense and finished the season with 11 tackles (9 solo), 4 passes defensed and 12 special teams tackles. In Butler's third season (2007), the Giants defeated the New England Patriots in Super Bowl XLII. Butler led the Giants with ten total tackles in the game. In all Butler played in 13 regular season games with 12 starts and started all 4 postseason games at strong safety and finished with 69 tackles (38 solo), 1 interception, 6 passes defensed, and 1 fumble recovery. Butler, played in 15 games with a career-high 14 starts in 2008 and he had 76 tackles (45 solo) and three interceptions and six passes defensed. == St. Louis Rams == An unrestricted free agent in the 2009 offseason, Butler agreed to terms on a four-year $14 million contract, which could be worth almost $17 million if all incentives are met, with the St. Louis Rams on March 9. Butler who was good all-around safety for the Giants was particularly noted for his run support, "Butler is far stronger against the run than the pass and will be used as an "in the box" safety" for the Rams. The move reunited him with former Giants defensive coordinator and now former head coach of the Rams, Steve Spagnuolo. == Personal == Butler is the son of the Rev. James Butler Sr. and Nadine Butler. He currently resides in Roswell, Georgia with his wife and children. After the end of his NFL career, he finished the needed course requirements to receive a Bachelor's Degree in Building Construction from Georgia Tech on May 02, 2015.1

0.1905

Interflow<EOT>1

Interflow

In hydrology, interflow is the lateral movement of water in the unsaturated zone, or vadose zone, that first returns to the surface or enters a stream prior to becoming groundwater. Interflow is sometimes used interchangeably with throughflow; however, throughflow is specifically the subcomponent of interflow that returns to the surface, as overland flow, prior to entering a stream or becoming groundwater. Interflow occurs when water infiltrates (see infiltration (hydrology)) into the subsurface, hydraulic conductivity decreases with depth, and lateral flow proceeds downslope. As water accumulates in the subsurface, saturation may occur, and interflow may exfiltrate as return flows, becoming overland flow.1

In hydrology, interflow is the lateral movement of water in the unsaturated zone, or vadose zone, that first returns to the surface or enters a stream prior to becoming groundwater. Interflow is sometimes used interchangeably with throughflow; however, throughflow is specifically the subcomponent of interflow that returns to the surface, as overland flow, prior to entering a stream or becoming groundwater. Interflow occurs when water infiltrates (see infiltration (hydrology)) into the subsurface, hydraulic conductivity decreases with depth, and lateral flow proceeds downslope. As water accumulates in the subsurface, saturation may occur, and interflow may exfiltrate as return flows, becoming overland flow.1

0.1906

Apple A10<EOT>1

Apple A10

The Apple A10 Fusion is a 64-bit system on a chip (SoC), designed by Apple Inc. and manufactured by TSMC. It first appeared in the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus which were introduced on September 7, 2016. The A10 is the first Apple-designed quad-core SoC, with two high-performance cores and two energy-efficient cores. Apple states that it has 40% greater CPU performance and 50% greater graphics performance compared to its predecessor, the Apple A9.

The Apple A10 Fusion is a 64-bit system on a chip (SoC), designed by Apple Inc. and manufactured by TSMC. It first appeared in the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus which were introduced on September 7, 2016. The A10 is the first Apple-designed quad-core SoC, with two high-performance cores and two energy-efficient cores. Apple states that it has 40% greater CPU performance and 50% greater graphics performance compared to its predecessor, the Apple A9. == Design == The A10 with a die area of 125 mm², 3.3 billion transistors (including the GPU and caches) – features two Apple-designed 64-bit 2.34 GHz ARMv8-A cores called Hurricane at 4.18 mm² – is built on TSMC's 16 nm FinFET process and is called APL1W24. As the first Apple-produced quad-core SoC, those two high-performance cores designed for demanding tasks like gaming, while also featuring two energy-efficient Apple-designed 64-bit cores codenamed Zephyr at 0.78 mm² for normal tasks in a configuration similar to the ARM big.LITTLE technology. However, unlike most implementations of big.LITTLE, such as the Snapdragon 820 or Exynos 8890, only one core type can be active at a time. Only either the high-performance or low-power cores will be active at any given time. Thus, the A10 Fusion appears to software and benchmarks as a dual core chip. Apple claims that the high-performance cores are 40% faster than Apple's previous A9 processor and that the two high-efficiency cores consume 20% of the power of the high performance Hurricane cores; they are used when performing simple tasks, such as checking email. A new performance controller decides in realtime which pair of cores should run for a given task in order to optimize for performance or battery life. The A10 has a L1 cache of 64 KB for data and 64 KB for instructions, an L2 cache of 3 MB shared by both cores, and a 4 MB L3 cache that services the entire SoC. The new 6-core GPU built into the A10 chip is 50% faster while consuming 66% of the power of its A9 predecessor. Further analysis has suggested that Apple has kept the GT7600 used in Apple A9, but replaced portions of the PowerVR based GPU with its own proprietary designs. These changes appear to be using lower half-precision floating-point numbers, allowing for higher-performance and lower power consumption. The A10 is packaged in a new InFO packaging from TSMC which reduces the height of the package. In the same package there are also four LPDDR4 RAM chips integrating 2 GB of RAM in the iPhone 7, or 3 GB in the iPhone 7 Plus. == Products that include the Apple A10 Fusion == iPhone 7 and 7 Plus1

0.1907

Gold Blend couple<EOT>1

Gold Blend couple

The Gold Blend couple was a British television advertising campaign for Nescafé Gold Blend instant coffee. The original campaign ran for twelve 45-second instalments between 1987 and 1993. It starred Anthony Head and Sharon Maughan as Tony and Sharon, a couple who begin a slow-burning romance over a cup of the advertised coffee. The ads were in a serial format, with each ad ending on a cliffhanger. The commercials were extremely popular, and as time went on, the appearance of a new instalment would merit considerable media attention. The ads were developed by McCann Erickson. They are one of the most famous examples of serialized advertising. Beginning in 1990, new versions of the ads were produced for the American market, where Gold Blend was called "Taster's Choice," and the ads were referred to as the "Taster's Choice saga". Head and Maughan reprised their roles, but used American accents in the reshot ads. After the first two nearly identical ads, the American ads diverged into their own storyline. The campaign was a remarkable success, producing various tie-in products, including a novelization entitled Love Over Gold by Susan Moody, a video compilation of the ads, and two music CDs. The ads had a notable effect on sales, increasing them over 50% in the UK alone. They have been heralded as a premier example of positioning, creating an atmosphere of sophistication while remaining relatable. They were frequently compared to a soap opera, even sometimes favorably compared to their contemporaries, such as Dynasty, Moonlighting, or thirtysomething. Famously, Head and Maughan appeared on the cover of The Sun after their campaign concluded and the two characters confessed their love for each other. In later years, there were two additional series of ads starring new couples. The second series starred Louise Hunt and Mark Aiken and focused on a younger, more career-oriented woman, running for six instalments until 1997. In 1998, a new version with Simone Bendix and Neil Roberts began, but the campaign was discontinued after only one ad. In 2005, the campaign ranked at number 20 on "ITV's Best Ever Ads". It had ranked at number 31 in a similar list compiled in 2000 aired on Channel 4.1

The Gold Blend couple was a British television advertising campaign for Nescafé Gold Blend instant coffee. The original campaign ran for twelve 45-second instalments between 1987 and 1993. It starred Anthony Head and Sharon Maughan as Tony and Sharon, a couple who begin a slow-burning romance over a cup of the advertised coffee. The ads were in a serial format, with each ad ending on a cliffhanger. The commercials were extremely popular, and as time went on, the appearance of a new instalment would merit considerable media attention. The ads were developed by McCann Erickson. They are one of the most famous examples of serialized advertising. Beginning in 1990, new versions of the ads were produced for the American market, where Gold Blend was called "Taster's Choice," and the ads were referred to as the "Taster's Choice saga". Head and Maughan reprised their roles, but used American accents in the reshot ads. After the first two nearly identical ads, the American ads diverged into their own storyline. The campaign was a remarkable success, producing various tie-in products, including a novelization entitled Love Over Gold by Susan Moody, a video compilation of the ads, and two music CDs. The ads had a notable effect on sales, increasing them over 50% in the UK alone. They have been heralded as a premier example of positioning, creating an atmosphere of sophistication while remaining relatable. They were frequently compared to a soap opera, even sometimes favorably compared to their contemporaries, such as Dynasty, Moonlighting, or thirtysomething. Famously, Head and Maughan appeared on the cover of The Sun after their campaign concluded and the two characters confessed their love for each other. In later years, there were two additional series of ads starring new couples. The second series starred Louise Hunt and Mark Aiken and focused on a younger, more career-oriented woman, running for six instalments until 1997. In 1998, a new version with Simone Bendix and Neil Roberts began, but the campaign was discontinued after only one ad. In 2005, the campaign ranked at number 20 on "ITV's Best Ever Ads". It had ranked at number 31 in a similar list compiled in 2000 aired on Channel 4.1

0.1908

Panel call indicator<EOT>1

Panel call indicator

Panel Call Indicator, or PCI, is a form of signalling used between two telephone offices. It was also originally called Relay Call Indicator (RCI). Originally designed along with the panel type telephone office, PCI was intended to allow subscribers in fully automated exchanges to dial numbers in manual offices the same way they dialed numbers in their own exchange. For PCI to achieve its purpose, the panel office sent the requested number to the manual office, where the number was lit on an operator's display. The switchboard operator at a PCI-aware manual office reads the number from the call indicator display and completes the call in the usual way. As a format of interoffice signaling, PCI is one of multiple options retained for compatibility in the #5 Crossbar switch, a later system which served as the platform for the initial DTMF push-button telephone services. In the British Director telephone system, Coded-Call Indicator working (CCI) filled a similar role, as it displayed dialed telephone numbers at the local manual exchange in a mixed (automatic and manual) linked-number area.

Panel Call Indicator, or PCI, is a form of signalling used between two telephone offices. It was also originally called Relay Call Indicator (RCI). Originally designed along with the panel type telephone office, PCI was intended to allow subscribers in fully automated exchanges to dial numbers in manual offices the same way they dialed numbers in their own exchange. For PCI to achieve its purpose, the panel office sent the requested number to the manual office, where the number was lit on an operator's display. The switchboard operator at a PCI-aware manual office reads the number from the call indicator display and completes the call in the usual way. As a format of interoffice signaling, PCI is one of multiple options retained for compatibility in the #5 Crossbar switch, a later system which served as the platform for the initial DTMF push-button telephone services. In the British Director telephone system, Coded-Call Indicator working (CCI) filled a similar role, as it displayed dialed telephone numbers at the local manual exchange in a mixed (automatic and manual) linked-number area. == What is sent == The usual seven-digit US telephone number consists of a three-digit office code and a four-digit line number within the given office. After a caller in a panel office dialed the office code, the sender looked up the type of the called office (panel, manual, etc.), and whether PCI was to be used. Then the sender found a trunk to the called office. Once a trunk had been found and the decision to use PCI had been made, the sender outpulsed the digits to the manual office where they were displayed for the operator. Because the operator only needed the last four digits of the phone number to complete the call, the first three dialed digits were not sent to the manual office. However, for two reasons, PCI always sends five-digit numbers rather than four (and the caller may need to dial eight digits rather than seven). The panel system was designed to work with manual offices of up to 10,500 lines. Callers dialed the office code followed by the line number within the office. For lines 10,000 and up, callers therefore dialed the office code and a five-digit line number. For offices with fewer than 10,000 lines, callers dialed four digits but PCI sends a leading 0. Also, when the panel office was designed, many people used party lines. Party line numbers were listed with a J, M, R, or W following the line number. The caller dialed the office code, the line number, and the digit corresponding to the letter. Party letters replace the ten-thousands digit described above. That is, PCI sends the letter followed by the four-digit line number. So party letters and line numbers above 10,000 can't be used together. In special cases, calls through a tandem office also used PCI signaling. This originated with manual operator tandems, and was later carried on to machine-based tandems as well. For this special tandem class, all seven dialed digits were sent to the distant office. In the case of a manual tandem, operators had a special seven segment display which displayed the entire telephone number. In later mechanical tandems, PCI was used because it was a faster than revertive pulse signaling, and would thus allow for quicker call completion times. == PCI encoding == Digits are sent in order from most to least significant. The party letter is sent first, since it replaces the ten-thousands digit. Generally, each digit is sent as a group of four bits having the place values 1, 2, 4, and 5. This could be considered a form of biquinary code. The thousands digit is sent using binary-coded decimal, but with the 1 bit moved to the end of the group. Except for the 1 bit in the thousands digit, all bits are sent in order from least to most significant. An entire transmission uses twenty bits. Looking at the transmission another way, it consists of twenty "time slots" which may be filled by DC pulses. The first and third pulse times in a group of four contain either a positive DC current or no current. The second and fourth pulse times in a group of four contain either a light (high resistance) negative DC pulse or a heavy (low resistance) negative DC pulse. The pattern of current flow (positive, negative, positive, negative) keeps the receiver synchronized with the sender. This pattern never varies so it contains no information. The existence of a current (in the first and third pulse times) or the resistance of the current (in the second and fourth times) carries the information. In the below table, + represents a positive pulse, - represents a light negative pulse, and ▭ represents a heavy negative pulse. Note that the thousands digit (as transmitted) is coded differently than the hundreds, tens, and units digits.  Below, is a graph of PCI pulses transmitted from the Panel switch at the Museum of Communications in Seattle. The positive and negative pulses occur on physically separate leads, but are overlaid on the same graph for simplicity, so the values of the Y axis are not absolute.  Indicated on the graph are the start and end of the transmission (bottom), and the actual digits being transmitted (top).  == CCI encoding == The Director telephone exchange was based on a store-and-forward handling of dialled numbers, originally with seven digit numbers. The director would receive all seven digits, use the first three to determine the destination exchange, then send the last four digits onward. For CCI working, the director would wait until the equipment at the destination was ready and then send each digit as a series of current pulses. Much like PCI signalling, each pulse had three possible levels (weak positive current, weak negative current, strong negative current) and a digit consisted of at most four pulses.1