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ู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ essential of human anatomyุŒ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
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ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ skeletal systemุŒ ุงู„ skeletal system
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ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู‡ูŠุงุฎุฏ ู…ุนุงู†ุง ุฃุฑุจุน ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุชุŒ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠู‡ ุนู† ุงู„
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boneุŒ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ muscleุŒ ุนู† ุงู„ jointsุŒ ุนู† ุงู„
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abdominal systemุŒ ุนู† ุงู„ axial skeletal ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุงุจุฏุงูŠุฉ
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ุญุถุฑุชู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุนู† ุงู„ bone ุงู„ skeletal system ู‡ูˆ
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ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ bone ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ู…ูˆู‚ู ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุนุงู… ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฑุณู…ุจู‚ู‰
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ุงู„ bone is an .. ุงู„ bones are organs ู‡ูŠ ุนุถูˆ ู…ู†
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ุฃุนุถุงุก ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุŒ bone are composed of all tissue type
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุนุฑูู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุชุช ุงู„ primary
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component is osseous connective tissue ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
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..ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู‘ู† ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ู„ู„ุนุถู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ bone matrix is
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sturdy and rigid due classification also called
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mineralization ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุนุงุฏู† ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
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connective tissue ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูƒุงู„ุณูŠูˆู… ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
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ูƒูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ู…ูƒูˆู‘ู† ู„ู„ boneWhat is the
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function of the boneุŸ ุทุจุนุง ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ support
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support ู„ุฅู† ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ framework ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ูˆุงู‚ููŠู†
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ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ ุจู†ู‚ุนุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ ุจู†ู†ุงู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
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ุดุจูƒุฉ ุงูˆ framework ุงูˆ ู„ูˆุญุฉ that support the body
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and cradle soft organs ุจูŠุญู…ูŠ ุงูˆ ุจูŠุญูŠุท ุงู„ soft
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organs ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู„ protection ู„ูŠุด protection ู„ุฅู†
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ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠุงู„ุฌู†ุฌู…ุงู„ ุจุชุญู…ูŠู„ ุงู„ brainุŒ ุงู„ vertebral
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column ุจูŠุญู…ู„ spinal cord ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง vital
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signsุŒ ุงู„ู‚ูุต ุงู„ุตุฏุฑูŠ ุจูŠุญู…ู„ ู‚ู„ุจ ูˆ ุฑุฃุชูŠู† ูุจูŠุนู…ู„
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protectionุŒ ุงู„ movement ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุง muscles ู‡ูŠ
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ุจุชุนู…ู„ movement ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ provide ุงู„ liverุŒ ู‡ูˆ
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ุงู„ุฑุงูุนุงุชุงู„ poor ุงู„ poor ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุงูุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชุนุงู…ู„
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ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุนุดุงู† ุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ mineral
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storage ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุชุฎุฒูŠู† ุงู„ minerals especially
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ุงู„ calcium ูˆ ุงู„ูุณููˆุฑBloods ู‡ูˆ ู…ุตู†ุน blood cell
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formation ู…ุตู†ุน hemoptysis occurs within the marrow
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cavities of the bone ููŠ ุงู† ุงู„ cavities ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
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ุงู„ุจูˆู† ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู†ุฎุฉ ุงู„ุนุธู…ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู‰ ู…ุตู†ุน ุงู„ blood
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cells ุงู…ุง ุงู„ energy store ูู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู† ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
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yellow marrow ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุงุจุงู„ูˆุงุถุญุฉ
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ุฅูŠู‡ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุชุฎุฒูŠู† ู„ู„ูุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠูŠู†ูŠ ุชุฎุฒูŠู†
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ู„ู„ energy support bone provide structural support
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and serve as a framework for the entire body bone
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protect many delicate tissue organs from injury
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and trauma ูŠุนู†ูŠุชุฎูŠู„ ุฃู† ุดุฎุต ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏ ุถุฑุจุฉ ููŠ ุฏู…ุงุบู‡ุŒ
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ู…ุด ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู‡ู„ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ู€ brainุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุทู„ู‚ ุงู„ุตุฏู…ุฉ
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ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุชุทู„ู‚ ุงู„ุตุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุฌู†ุฌู…ุฉ
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ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ movementุŒ muscle ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุจุชู†ุดุจูƒุŒ
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ููŠู‡ุง origin and insertionุŒ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุนูŠู† ุงู„ู€
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bone ุนุดุงู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃุนู…ู„ origin ูˆ ุฃุญุทู‡ ูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุนูŠู†ูŠ ูˆ
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ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ insertion ูŠุจู‚ู‰ muscle attached to the
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bone of the skeleton contract and pull on the bone
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function as series of liversุฃู…ุง ุงู„ storage ูุนู†ุง
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more than 90% of the body's reserves of mineral
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calcium and phosphorus are stored in the released
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and unreleased by the bone ุงู„ู‡ูŠ ู…ุจุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ู‡ู… ู‡ูˆ
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ู…ุตู†ุน ุงู„ cell formation ู…ุตู†ุน ุงู„ุณู„ ุจู„ุงูŠ ุงู„ุณู„
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production in the red bone marrow located in some
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spongy bone ูˆุญู†ุดูˆูู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุชุดุฑูŠุญ ุงู„ bone ู†ูุณู‡ ุฃูˆ
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ูˆุตู ุงู„ bone ู†ูุณู‡Red bone marrow contains stem
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cells from all the blood cell type ุฃู…ุง ุงู„
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classification of the bone ูุนู†ุง long bone ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
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ุฃุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุนุถู…ุฉ ุงู„ูุฎุฏ ุฃูˆ ุนุถู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูŠุฏูŠู†
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ูˆุงู„ุฑุฌู„ูŠู† ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† long bone ูุนู†ุง short bone
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ุงู„ู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ carpel
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ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„tersal ูˆ ุงู„ metatarsal ูู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ flat
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bone ุฒู‰ ุงู„ุนุถู…ุงุท ุงู„ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฉ ูˆ ุฒู‰ ุงู„ scapula ูู‰ regular
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bone ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ู…ุด ู…ุนุฑูˆู ู„ู‡ุง ุดูƒู„ ู…ุนูŠู† ุฒู‰ ุงู„ vertebra
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ูˆ ูู‰ ุงู„ sesamoid bone ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุฏุงู… ุงู„ู…ุฏูˆุฑุฉ
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long bone ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุนุถู…ุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูŠุฑุงุณ ุงู„ู„ู‰
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ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูู‰ ุงู„ุงุฑ ูู‡ู‰ long bone ุทุจุนุง ูู‰ ุงุทูˆู„ ุนุถู…ุฉ
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ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูู‰ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูˆ ุงูƒุจุฑ ุนุถู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุนุถู…ุฉ ุงู„ูุฎุฏ
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ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุถู…ุฉ ุงู„ูุฎุฏ ุงูˆ ุงู„ููŠู…ุฑ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
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ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูŠุฑุงุณ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุนุถู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุน
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ุงู„ short bone ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ bones ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
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ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ cube shape bones of the wrist and the
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ankle ุงู„ bones that form within a tendon ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุจุชู„ุฉ
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ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุจุชู„ุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุณุงุจูˆู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ุงู„ู€ flat bone ุงุญู†ุง
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ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ู€ sternum ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุถู…ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุต thing
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flattened and bit curved ุฒูŠ ุงู„ sternum ูˆ ูƒู„ ุงู„
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bone ุงูˆ ู…ุตุฏ bones of the skull ููŠู†ุง irregular bone
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ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ vertebra ู‡ูŠ irregular
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bonebone with complicated shaped vertebra and head
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00:06:17,840 --> 00:06:24,520
bones ุฒูŠ ุงู„ perfect bone ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู„ุฅู† ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุบูŠุฑ
82
00:06:24,520 --> 00:06:28,720
ู…ู†ุชุธู… ู‡ุฐุง
83
00:06:28,720 --> 00:06:36,060
ุทุจุนุง ุฑุณู… ุชูˆุถูŠุญูŠ ู„ู„ long bone ูˆ ุงู„ flat bone ุงู„
84
00:06:36,060 --> 00:06:39,900
short bone ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุณ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ irregular bone
85
00:06:39,900 --> 00:06:45,770
ุฒูŠ ุงู„ vertebraุทูŠุจ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ skeleton ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุง
86
00:06:45,770 --> 00:06:48,910
ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ skeletons ููŠ ุนู†ุง ุงู„ axial skeleton ูˆ
87
00:06:48,910 --> 00:06:51,890
ููŠ ุนู†ุง ุงู„ appendicular skeleton ุงู„ axial skeleton
88
00:06:51,890 --> 00:06:54,790
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ skull ูˆ ุงู„ vertebral column ูˆ
89
00:06:54,790 --> 00:06:58,630
ุงู„ rib cage ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒูŠ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑูŠ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„
90
00:06:58,630 --> 00:07:01,870
appendicular ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู…ู† appendices ุงูˆ appendix ุงู„ู„ูŠ
91
00:07:01,870 --> 00:07:08,410
ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุทุฑุงู ุฒูŠ ุงู„ lower limb ูˆ ุงู„ upper limb ูˆ ุทุจุนุง
92
00:07:08,410 --> 00:07:11,090
ุนุดุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ lower limb ูˆ ุงู„ upper limb ุจูŠู…ุณูƒูˆุง
93
00:07:11,090 --> 00:07:17,890
ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง girdlesูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุจูŠูˆุถุญู„ู‡ ุงู„
94
00:07:17,890 --> 00:07:24,590
skeleton ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุงู„ head ุงู„ vertebral colon ูˆ
95
00:07:24,590 --> 00:07:28,310
ุงู„ rib cage ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ abdicular ูู‡ูˆ ุงู„ shoulder
96
00:07:28,310 --> 00:07:31,650
girdle ู…ุน ุงู„ upper limb ูˆ ุงู„ pelvic girdle ู…ุน ุงู„
97
00:07:31,650 --> 00:07:33,930
lower limb
98
00:07:42,310 --> 00:07:45,210
ุงู„ู€ structure of the bone ููŠู†ุง cartilage
99
00:07:45,210 --> 00:07:48,130
protecting the joints
100
00:07:53,310 --> 00:07:59,510
long bone ููŠู‡ุง epiphysis ูˆ ููŠู‡ุง diaphysis ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ
101
00:07:59,510 --> 00:08:05,330
ู„ู„ epiphysis ูู‡ูŠ ุฃุทุฑุงู ุงู„ุนุธู…ุฉ ููˆู‚ ูˆ ู…ู† ุชุญุช
102
00:08:05,330 --> 00:08:09,590
expanded ends of the long bone expanded ends of
103
00:08:09,590 --> 00:08:16,010
the long bone ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุบุทูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ ends ุนุดุงู†
104
00:08:16,010 --> 00:08:22,570
ุชู…ู†ุน ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ compact bone ูˆ
105
00:08:22,570 --> 00:08:27,490
ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ spongy bone ูˆ ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุงู„ joint surfaces
106
00:08:27,490 --> 00:08:32,570
is covered by articular cartilage located ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
107
00:08:32,570 --> 00:08:37,050
ููŠู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„epiphysis ุงู„ red bone ู…ุฑูˆุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
108
00:08:37,050 --> 00:08:40,790
ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠู‡ formation ู„ blood cells ุงู„epithelial
109
00:08:40,790 --> 00:08:44,070
line separates the diaphysis from the epiphysis
110
00:08:44,070 --> 00:08:46,710
ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ line of growth
111
00:08:53,010 --> 00:08:57,870
ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€diaphysis ูู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุดุงูุท ูŠุจู‚ู‰ tubular shaft
112
00:08:57,870 --> 00:09:02,790
that form the axis of the long bone ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ุงู„ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ
113
00:09:02,790 --> 00:09:07,910
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง tube ุทุจุนุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† compact bone
114
00:09:07,910 --> 00:09:11,970
ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ู‚ูˆูŠ that surrounding ุงู„ู…ุฏู„ุฑูŠ cavity
115
00:09:11,970 --> 00:09:15,990
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ yellow bone marrow ู‡ูˆ
116
00:09:15,990 --> 00:09:19,170
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ is contained in the
117
00:09:19,170 --> 00:09:23,900
medullary cavityุฃู…ุง ุงู„ sponge bone ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง
118
00:09:23,900 --> 00:09:29,540
ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ red marrow ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูˆูู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ
119
00:09:29,540 --> 00:09:35,020
ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ yellowุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ compact bone ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
120
00:09:35,020 --> 00:09:39,840
ููŠ ุงู„ shaft ุงู„ compact and spongy bone ุงู„ compact
121
00:09:39,840 --> 00:09:43,980
ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ long ุชุจุน ููŠ ุงู„ shaft of the
122
00:09:43,980 --> 00:09:47,420
bone ูˆ ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ุจุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุชูˆุถูŠุญู‰ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
123
00:09:47,420 --> 00:09:51,020
compact bone ูˆ ุฌูˆุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„
124
00:09:51,020 --> 00:09:56,360
yellow marrow ุงู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ .. ุจุงู„epiphysis ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ
125
00:09:56,360 --> 00:10:01,270
ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุจุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ compact pool ูˆู‡ู†ุง ู…ู† ุฌูˆุง spongy
126
00:10:01,270 --> 00:10:11,030
boom ูˆุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุฌูˆุงู‡ุง ู‚ู†ูˆุงุช ู„ุฑุฏ ู…ุงุฑูˆ ุทุจุนุง
127
00:10:11,030 --> 00:10:13,470
ู…ู† ุงู„ internal structure ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุงู„
128
00:10:13,470 --> 00:10:16,530
cavity ุงู„ yellow ููŠ long pond ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„
129
00:10:16,530 --> 00:10:22,690
short ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ yellow maroonููŠู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Epiphyseal
130
00:10:22,690 --> 00:10:26,230
Plate ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Growth Plate ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู…ู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ูˆ
131
00:10:26,230 --> 00:10:35,130
ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ูˆ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ู‡ู†ุง ุฑุณู… ุชูˆุถูŠุญูŠ ู„ long
132
00:10:35,130 --> 00:10:42,750
bone ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุงููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง diaphysis ููŠ
133
00:10:42,750 --> 00:10:45,610
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ proximal epiphysis ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ distal
134
00:10:45,610 --> 00:10:52,190
epiphysis ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ epiphyseal blades ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
135
00:10:53,400 --> 00:11:00,540
ู‡ุงู† ุงู„ head ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ articular cartilage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุบุทูŠ
136
00:11:00,540 --> 00:11:04,640
ุงู„ head ุงู„ sponge bone ู…ูƒูˆู‘ู† ุงู„ epiphasis ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ููŠ
137
00:11:04,640 --> 00:11:08,800
ุงู„ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ red spaces ู„ู„ red marrow ููŠ ุงู„
138
00:11:08,800 --> 00:11:12,780
indestium ุงู„ indestium ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุบุดุงุก ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
139
00:11:12,780 --> 00:11:18,520
ุจูŠุบุทูŠ ุงู„ู…ุจุทู† ู„ู„ุนุธุงู… ูˆู‡ู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ููŠู†ุง ุงู„ compact
140
00:11:18,520 --> 00:11:22,010
boneูˆ ุงู„ modellary cavity ุงู„ู„ู‰ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ yellow ุงู„
141
00:11:22,010 --> 00:11:30,810
bone marrow ูˆ ุงู„ peristium ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุทุจุนุง
142
00:11:30,810 --> 00:11:35,370
ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ regular ุงูˆ short ุงูˆ ุงู„ flat bone ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุดูˆูŠุฉ
143
00:11:35,370 --> 00:11:38,410
ู„ุฅู† ู…ุงููŠุด evil feces ูˆ ู…ุงููŠุด ุถูŠุงุก feces ูู‡ู‰ ุบุงู„ุจุง
144
00:11:38,410 --> 00:11:43,030
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ compact bone ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ูู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
145
00:11:43,030 --> 00:11:44,670
ุงู„ spongy bone
146
00:11:50,420 --> 00:11:54,140
ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† thin plates of periosteum covered with
147
00:11:54,140 --> 00:11:57,100
a compact bone on the outside with the endosteum
148
00:11:57,100 --> 00:12:00,320
covered with spongy bone on the insideุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ ..
149
00:12:00,320 --> 00:12:03,940
ุงู„ periosteum ุงู„ุบุดุงุก ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุŒ ุงู„ endosteum ู‡ูŠ
150
00:12:03,940 --> 00:12:08,540
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุบุดุงุก ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุŒ ู…ุงููŠุด ุฅู„ู‡ุง diaphysis ูˆู„ุง
151
00:12:08,540 --> 00:12:14,140
epiphysisุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ bone ู…ุฑูˆุก ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
152
00:12:14,140 --> 00:12:15,500
ุจุชุชุฑุจูŠ ูƒู„ู‡ุง
153
00:12:19,230 --> 00:12:23,250
ุงู„ู€ membranes ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุนู†
154
00:12:23,250 --> 00:12:26,170
ุจูŠุฑูŠูˆุณูŠุงู… ู…ุน ุฃู†ู†ุง ุฃู†ุฏูˆุณูŠุงู… ุจู„ูŠู‡ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„
155
00:12:26,170 --> 00:12:31,490
outside ุงู„ double layer protective membrane ู‡ูŠ an
156
00:12:31,490 --> 00:12:35,610
outer fibrous layer ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ู‡ูˆ dense
157
00:12:35,610 --> 00:12:39,010
regular connective tissue ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ inner ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡
158
00:12:39,010 --> 00:12:42,280
estrogenic layer composed ofosteoplast and
159
00:12:42,280 --> 00:12:45,080
osteoclastุŒ ุงู„ osteoplast ู‡ูŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ููŠ
160
00:12:45,080 --> 00:12:49,740
ุงู„ุนุถูŠู…ุŒ ูˆุงู„ osteoclast ู‡ูŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู‡ุฏู…ุŒ which is
161
00:12:49,740 --> 00:12:52,340
supplied with the nerve fibers, blood and
162
00:12:52,340 --> 00:12:55,580
lymphatic vessels with the entire the bone via
163
00:12:55,580 --> 00:12:59,140
nutrient foramen
164
00:12:59,540 --> 00:13:04,060
Secured to underlying wound by sharpie fibers ุฃุณุงุณ
165
00:13:04,060 --> 00:13:08,680
ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู…ุณูƒ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุงู†ุฏูˆุณูŠุงู… ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุบุดุงุก ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุŒ
166
00:13:08,680 --> 00:13:12,000
delicate membrane covering the internal surface of
167
00:13:12,000 --> 00:13:17,980
the wound ุงู„ blood supply ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุณูŠุงู„ ุฃุฑุชุฑุงุฒุŒ
168
00:13:17,980 --> 00:13:21,000
ุงู„ nutrients ุฃุฑุชุฑุงุฒ ูˆ ุงู„ metaphyseal ูˆ
169
00:13:21,000 --> 00:13:27,280
ุงู„epiphyseal ุฃุฑุชุฑุงุฒุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุจุฑูŠูˆุณุชูŠุฑู‚ุงุชุฑ ุจูŠุนุฒู„
170
00:13:27,280 --> 00:13:31,220
ุงู„ุจุฑูŠูˆุณุชูŠุงู† ูˆ ุงู„ nutrient ุจุชุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ nutrients ุนู„ู‰
171
00:13:31,220 --> 00:13:38,120
ุงู„ูุฑุงู…ูŠู† supply ุงู„ compact bone ูˆ ุงู„ red marrow ุงู„
172
00:13:38,120 --> 00:13:41,420
metaphyseal ูˆ ุงู„epiphyseal supply ุงู„ red marrow ูˆ
173
00:13:41,420 --> 00:13:46,160
ุงู„ bone tissue of the epiphysis ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ bone
174
00:13:46,160 --> 00:13:52,600
marketing ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฑูˆุญ ู„ู…ุญุงุฏุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุชูˆุถูŠุญุง ู„ุฅู„ู‡ุง
175
00:14:09,190 --> 00:14:15,210
ู‡ู†ุง ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† marketing ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ุนู„ุงู…ุงุช
176
00:14:15,210 --> 00:14:17,910
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ
177
00:14:19,860 --> 00:14:27,640
ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุญููˆุฑ ุฃูˆ tuberosities ุฃู…ุงูƒู†
178
00:14:27,640 --> 00:14:33,200
ุจุงุฑุฒุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู†ุชุนุฑู ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ every pump,
179
00:14:33,420 --> 00:14:38,260
groove and hole has a name ููŠ ุงู„ body
180
00:14:39,980 --> 00:14:44,560
types of moon marketing projections ุจุฑูˆุฒุงุช ูˆููŠ ุงู†
181
00:14:44,560 --> 00:14:51,340
ุงุดูŠุงุก ู„ุฃ ู‡ุงุจุทุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุงู„ projections that
182
00:14:51,340 --> 00:14:57,020
grow out from the moon ุฒูŠ ุงู„ head ู…ุซู„ุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„
183
00:14:57,020 --> 00:15:00,360
trochanters ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูˆ ููŠ ุงู† ุงู„ depressions ุจุชุนู…ู„
184
00:15:00,360 --> 00:15:05,620
cavities ุงูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ holes ุงูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ groovesุฏุงุฎู„
185
00:15:05,620 --> 00:15:16,500
ุงู„ุนุถู…ุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ skull ุชูƒู„ู…
186
00:15:16,500 --> 00:15:20,500
ุนู† ุงู„ projections ุฒูŠ ุงู„condyle rounded articular
187
00:15:20,500 --> 00:15:25,380
projection ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ epicondyle ุงู„condyle ุชุจุน
188
00:15:25,380 --> 00:15:30,460
ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุถู…ุฉ ูˆููŠู‡ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ epicondyle ุงุดูŠ
189
00:15:30,460 --> 00:15:39,850
ููˆู‚ู‡ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„condyleุทุจุนุง ุงู„ head pony expansions on
190
00:15:39,850 --> 00:15:44,730
the narrow neck ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ facet
191
00:15:44,730 --> 00:15:49,130
smooth nearly flat articular surface ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ
192
00:15:49,130 --> 00:15:55,870
ุฒูŠ ุงู„ .. ูƒุฏู‡ ู‡ุงุจุทุฉ ูƒุฏู‡ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† smooth ูˆ flat
193
00:15:57,950 --> 00:16:04,730
ุงู„ุฑู…ุณ ุฒู‰ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ ุฒู‰ ุงู„ู€ arm bar ุฒู‰ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
194
00:16:04,730 --> 00:16:09,890
ูƒุฏู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู… of the bone ุฒู‰ ุชุดูˆู ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ escalate
195
00:16:09,890 --> 00:16:16,450
ุดูˆู ุจุฑุฒุชูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ ุฒู‰ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ arm ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฑู…ุณ ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
196
00:16:20,400 --> 00:16:24,640
ุงู„ู€ projections ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ crest ู…ุซู„ุง narrow rigid of
197
00:16:24,640 --> 00:16:29,990
the bone line smaller than a crestุงู„ lime ู…ู…ูƒู†
198
00:16:29,990 --> 00:16:35,210
ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„christ ุงู„ a b condyle ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
199
00:16:35,210 --> 00:16:39,370
raising above the condyle ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู‡ ู„ูˆ ุญุณุณู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง
200
00:16:39,370 --> 00:16:45,490
ููˆู‚ ุงู„ condyle ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ upper limb ููŠ ุงู„ lower
201
00:16:45,490 --> 00:16:48,670
end of the humerus ุจู†ุญุณ ุงู„ condyle ูˆ ุงู„ a b
202
00:16:48,670 --> 00:16:51,630
condyle ูˆ ูƒุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ female ูƒู…ุนุง
203
00:16:55,620 --> 00:16:58,520
ุงู„ู€ tuberculosis ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุจุฑูˆุฒ small rounded
204
00:16:58,520 --> 00:17:02,960
projection ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€ tuberosity ูู‡ูŠ ู„ุฃ ุจุฑูˆุฒ ูƒุจูŠุฑ
205
00:17:02,960 --> 00:17:07,240
large rounded and roughened projection ุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠ
206
00:17:07,240 --> 00:17:10,880
ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุชูŠุจูŠุง ุงู„ tuberosity ููŠ ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ุนุถู…ุฉ
207
00:17:10,880 --> 00:17:16,120
ุงู„ุชูŠุจูŠุง ุฃุณู‡ู„ ุงู„ุฑู‚ุจุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฃุชุฑูˆูƒุงู†ุชุฑ ู„ุฃ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฏู‡ very
208
00:17:16,120 --> 00:17:20,420
large blunt projection ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุณ ููŠ ุงู„ููŠู…ุฑ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡
209
00:17:20,420 --> 00:17:26,240
ุงู„ greater etrocanter ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุจุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉุงู„ู€
210
00:17:26,240 --> 00:17:31,440
spine .. spine ุดูˆูƒุฉ sharp pointed projection ุฒูŠ
211
00:17:31,440 --> 00:17:34,600
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ vertebra ููŠ ุงู„ posterior part of
212
00:17:34,600 --> 00:17:35,420
the vertebra
213
00:17:38,350 --> 00:17:41,590
and the depressions, the depressions allow the
214
00:17:41,590 --> 00:17:44,390
blood vessels and nerves to pass through ุทุจุนุง ุฅูŠู‡
215
00:17:44,390 --> 00:17:51,170
ุญู„ูˆุฉ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ blood vessels ูˆ ุงู„ nerves ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰
216
00:17:51,170 --> 00:17:56,610
ุงู„ุณูุญ ูƒุงู†ุช ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู‚ู„ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุฑุถุฉ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุตุงุจ
217
00:17:56,610 --> 00:17:59,610
ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุฅู„ู‡ุง passages ุนุดุงู† ุชุชุนุฏู‰
218
00:17:59,610 --> 00:18:05,730
ุงู„miatas ุดูƒู„ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุฃูˆ YouTubeุชุณู…ูŠู‡ุง mietas
219
00:18:05,730 --> 00:18:10,410
ุทุจุนุง ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุงุณู… ูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ู…ุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ูุตุฉ shallow
220
00:18:10,410 --> 00:18:15,790
ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูุตุฉ ุงู„ glenoid ูุตุฉ ุงู„ glenoid ูุตุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
221
00:18:15,790 --> 00:18:19,350
articulation ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ head of the humerus ูˆ ุงู„
222
00:18:19,350 --> 00:18:25,150
scapula ุฃู†ุง ู…ุงุดูŠ ุจุงู„ุฑุณู… ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ scapula ุงู„ูุดุฑ ู…ุด
223
00:18:25,150 --> 00:18:28,750
ุฒูŠ ุดุฑูŠุฎ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ slit-like opening
224
00:18:31,820 --> 00:18:34,980
ุงู„ู€ sinuses ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ููŠ ุนู†ุง ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุฒูŠ
225
00:18:34,980 --> 00:18:40,620
ูุชุญุงุช ุงู„ุชู‡ูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ skull cavity
226
00:18:40,620 --> 00:18:44,480
within a bone filled with air and lined with a
227
00:18:44,480 --> 00:18:50,160
mucous membrane ุงู„ูุฑุงู…ูŠูˆู† ู‡ูŠ ูุชุญุงุช ุฒูŠ ูุชุญุฉ ุงู„ุญูˆุถ
228
00:18:50,160 --> 00:18:53,800
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูุฑุฌ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ baby ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูุชุญุงุช
229
00:18:53,800 --> 00:18:56,860
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ vertebral column ุนุดุงู† ูŠู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
230
00:18:56,860 --> 00:19:00,120
ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ spinal
231
00:19:00,120 --> 00:19:01,160
cord
232
00:19:03,500 --> 00:19:07,140
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Sulcus ุงู„ู€ groove ูˆ ุงู„ูุฑูˆ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฒูŠ
233
00:19:07,140 --> 00:19:11,560
ู…ุง ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุฒูŠ ุฎู†ุฏู‚ ุฏู‡ ุฃูˆ groove ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจูŠู† ู…ุฑุชูุนูŠู†
234
00:19:11,560 --> 00:19:15,120
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† multiple ูƒุฏู‡ ุญุทุฉ shallow depression ุฒูŠ
235
00:19:15,120 --> 00:19:20,140
ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ bicepital sulcus ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู…ุฑู‚ ููŠ
236
00:19:20,140 --> 00:19:25,760
ุงู„ timber of the biceps ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
237
00:19:25,760 --> 00:19:28,300
ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ุฑุงุณ ุทุจุนุง ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ
238
00:19:30,750 --> 00:19:36,130
ุงู„ projections ูˆ ุงู„ depressions ุงู„ projections ุฒูŠ
239
00:19:36,130 --> 00:19:39,650
ุงู„ condyle ุงู„ head ุงู„ูุตุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงู…ุณ ุงู„ crest ุงู„
240
00:19:39,650 --> 00:19:45,850
epicondyle ุงู„ .. ุงู„ tubercle ุงู„ tuberosity ุงู„
241
00:19:45,850 --> 00:19:50,370
trochanter ุงู„ spine ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ depressions ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงุชุณ
242
00:19:50,370 --> 00:19:56,780
ูˆ ุงู„ูุตุฉูˆ ุงู„ .. ูˆ ุงู„ fisher ูˆ ุงู„ sinuses ูˆ ุงู„
243
00:19:56,780 --> 00:20:01,720
sarcas and group or .. ูˆ ุจู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุงู†
244
00:20:01,720 --> 00:20:06,920
ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃูˆุฌุฒู†ุง ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ู„ู„ anatomy ู„ู„ูŠูˆู…
245
00:20:09,090 --> 00:20:14,890
ู…ุด ู‡ู„ุฃ ุจู†ุดูˆููƒู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฃุชู†ูŠู† ุจู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู†ุณุชูƒู…ู„
246
00:20:14,890 --> 00:20:21,170
ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. masculine .. ุงู„ skeletal
247
00:20:21,170 --> 00:20:22,030
system