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ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡
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ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ู†ูƒู…ู„ ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ chapter ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ู‡ูˆ mechanisms with lower pairs ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ูุงุชุญุงูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู„ู‰
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ุงู„ exact straight line mechanisms ุงู„ general
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principle ุงุฐุง ู†ุฑุฌุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู† o a ุนุดุงู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
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b ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุท ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู… ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุงุตู„ ุถุฑุจ o a ููŠ o
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bุงู„ุซุงุจุช ูˆ ุชุทุจูŠู‚ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุงุชู… ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
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peculiar mechanism ูู‰ peculiar mechanism ู…ูƒูˆู‘ู†ุฉ ู…ู†
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link ูˆุงุญุฏ link ุงุชู†ูŠู† link ุชู„ุงุชุฉ link ุงุฑุจุน ุฎู…ุณ ุณุชุฉ
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ุณุจุนุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ links ุนู†ุฏู‡ูŠู† revolute, revolute,
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revolute, revolute, revolute ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ link O when A
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is allowed to rotate along a circle ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง
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ุฃู† OA ููŠ OB is constant ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุจูŠ will trace a
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straight line ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ู†ูƒู…ู„
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ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ steering gear mechanism ุงู„ steering
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ุชุงุน ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ steering gear mechanism is used for
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changing direction of two or more of the wheel
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axis with reference to the chassis ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ู…ู† ุงู„
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steering mechanism ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุบูŠุฑ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุฃู„ู ูŠู…ูŠู† ุฃูˆ
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ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ูŠุง ู…ุง ุจู„ู ุนุฌู„ุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู…ูŠุงุช ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช
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ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠุฉุฃูˆ ุจู„ู ุงู„ุนุฌู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฎู„ููŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ fork lift ุงูˆ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฌุจู‡ุงุช ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซุฉ
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ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ four wheel drive ุงู† ุงู„ุนุฌู„ุงุช
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ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนุฌู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฎู„ููŠุฉ ุชู„ู ุชุตุจุญ ุงู„ rotation
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ body ุงูˆ ุงู„ chassis ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ
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ููŠ ู…ุนุถู„ ุงุญูˆุงู„ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุดูˆูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ front
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wheels ุจู†ุญุทู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ front axle ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู…ูŠ
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ูˆุนุดุงู† ู†ู„ู ูŠู…ูŠู† ุงูˆ ุดู…ุงู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ู… ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ ุฏูˆุฑุงู†
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pivoted and two positions ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ fixed
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ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ chases of the automobile ุงู„ุนุฌู„ุงุช
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ุงู„ุฎู„ููŠุฉ ููŠ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ axis ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง
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ุซุงุจุช ู…ุงููŠุด rotations ู„ู„ุนุฌู„ุงุช
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ู„ุฃู† ุงู†ุจูŠู† ุนู†ุฏู‰
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ุนู†ุฏูŠ top view ุงูˆ schematic top view of a car ู‡ุฐุง
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ุงู„ front axle ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุฌู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู…ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุนุฌู„ุฉ
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ู‡ู†ุง ุฏูˆู„ุงุจ ุนู†ุฏ ุฏูˆู„ุงุจ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง
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ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ููŠ ู„ู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ
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ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุฏูˆู„ุงุจ ูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ
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ุฏูˆู„ุงุจ ูˆ
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ body ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ
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ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ุนุฌู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู…ูŠุฉ ูˆู…ุญูˆุฑ
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ุงู„ุนุฌู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฎู„ููŠุฉ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ B ุงู„ุงู†
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ู†ู‚ุทุฉ A ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ A ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ B ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ
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ุฏูˆุฑุงู†ู„ุฃ ุนุดุงู† ุงุฐุง ุจุฏู‰ ุฃู„ู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ู„ุงุฒู… ุฃู„ู ููŠ ุงู„
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.. ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ .. ููŠ ุงู†ู‡ allowed to rotate this way
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ู„ุนู‚ุจ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏู‰ ุฃุณู…ุญ ุงู† ุงู„ุนู‚ู„ ุฏูˆู„ุงุจ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠู„ู ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ
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ู†ู‚ุทุฉ A ูˆ ุฏูˆู„ุงุจ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ูŠู„ู ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ B
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ู„ู…ุง ู†ู„ู ู‡ุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ with rotation
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ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ two pivots A ูˆ B ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
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C ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ
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C ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุจุฑุงูƒุฒ ุงู„ุนุฌู„ุชูŠู† ุงูˆ
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ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุงุจ ุฏูˆุงู„ูŠุจ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง A
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ุงู„ุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุชู„ู ุจุฏูˆู† ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฑูƒุฒ
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ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุงู† ุงู„ู„ุญุธูŠ ู„ู„ุนุฌู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุฌู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู…ูŠุฉ
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ุนุฌู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ูˆ
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ุงู„ุนุฌู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฎู„ููŠุฉ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุฏูˆุฑุงู†
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ู„ุญุธูŠ ู„ู„ุฃุฑุจุน ุนุฌู„ุงุช ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุงู† ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุฏูˆุฑุงู† ู„ุญุธูŠ
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ู„ู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู…ุชุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุฎุท ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู† four four
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ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุญูƒูŠุงู†ุง fourpure rotation ุงูˆ for ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุฏูˆุฑุงู†
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ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ู„ู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ I ุนุดุงู† ู…ุงูŠุตูŠุฑุด ุนู†ุฏูŠ skidding ุงูˆ
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ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ู„ูƒู† ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ุงู„ุนุฌู„ุฉ A
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ูˆุงู„ุนุฌู„ุฉ B ูˆุงู„ุนุฌู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฎู„ููŠุฉ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงูƒุชุฑ
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ู…ู† ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ุงูƒูŠุฏ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ุขู† ุนุดุงู† ุงู†ุง
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ุงุนู…ู„ ูุฑุถูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠุด ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุฏูˆุฑุงู† ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ I
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ูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ
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ู‡ุฐู‡
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ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุซุชุง
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ู‡ุฐู‡
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P
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ุทุจุนุง ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„ุนุฌู„ุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุจู„ู ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุนุฌู„ุฉ
72
00:07:14,660 --> 00:07:16,660
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† .. ุงู„ุนุฌู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
73
00:07:16,660 --> 00:07:24,660
ุฃุณุฑุน .. ุจุชู„ู ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุฃุณุฑุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุฌู„ุฉ B ูŠุนู†ูŠ A ุจุชูƒูˆู†
74
00:07:24,660 --> 00:07:30,980
ุฃุณุฑุน ู…ู† B ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฑ ู‡ุชู…ุดูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุนุดุงู†
75
00:07:30,980 --> 00:07:36,100
ุงุชู„ุงุญู‚ ู…ุน B ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† A ุฃุณุฑุน ู…ู† B ุงู„ุนุฌู„ุฉ A ุฃุณุฑุน ู…ู†
76
00:07:36,100 --> 00:07:41,430
ุงู„ุนุฌู„ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุด ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉุงู„ุนุฌู„ุฉ A ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู†ูุณ ุณุฑุนุฉ
77
00:07:41,430 --> 00:07:43,550
ุงู„ุนุฌู„ุฉ B ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุท ู…ุณุชู‚ู„
78
00:07:43,550 --> 00:07:48,230
ู…ุงููŠุด ุฏูˆุฑุงู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุฌู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ A ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุนุฌู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ
79
00:07:48,230 --> 00:07:54,150
B ุทูŠุจ
80
00:07:54,150 --> 00:07:57,570
ุงู„
81
00:07:57,570 --> 00:08:01,210
cotangent ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ cotangent ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ
82
00:08:01,210 --> 00:08:09,780
cotangent ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ cotangentุงู„ู€ Phi
83
00:08:09,780 --> 00:08:19,420
ุจุณูˆุก ุงู„ู…ุฌุงูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ AP ุนู„ู‰
84
00:08:19,420 --> 00:08:24,980
IP ุทุจุนุง
85
00:08:24,980 --> 00:08:31,360
AP ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† PB ุฒุงุฆุฏ
86
00:08:31,360 --> 00:08:37,800
AB ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† PB ุฒุงุฆุฏ
87
00:08:37,800 --> 00:08:50,980
ABุนู„ู‰ I I P P ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ P
88
00:08:50,980 --> 00:09:01,140
B ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ A B ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ู…ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง C ุฃู†ุง P B ุฒุงุฆุฏ C ุนู„ู‰ I
89
00:09:01,140 --> 00:09:07,300
B ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ theta cotangent ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนูƒุณ ุงู„
90
00:09:07,300 --> 00:09:08,560
tangent cotangent theta
91
00:09:13,380 --> 00:09:21,400
ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงูˆุฑ ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ PP PB
92
00:09:21,400 --> 00:09:24,900
ุนู„ู‰
93
00:09:24,900 --> 00:09:29,060
IB ู„ุฃู†
94
00:09:29,060 --> 00:09:40,240
ู„ูˆ ุทุฑุญุช cot ฮธ ู…ู† cot ฯ† cot ฯ† minus cot ฮธ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุณูˆู‰
95
00:09:40,240 --> 00:09:50,360
PBุฒุงุฆุฏ c ุนู„ู‰ ip minus pb ุนู„ู‰ ip ู‡ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุญ
96
00:09:50,360 --> 00:09:58,060
pb ู…ุน pb ู‡ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ c ุนู„ู‰ ip ุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ c ุงู„ ip ุงู„ู„ูŠ
97
00:09:58,060 --> 00:10:01,260
ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู… ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ
98
00:10:01,260 --> 00:10:06,480
ุงู„ุฎู„ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ b ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูƒ cotangent
99
00:10:08,150 --> 00:10:19,570
Cotf minus cotฮธ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ C ุนู„ู‰ B ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„
100
00:10:19,570 --> 00:10:25,230
condition for correct steering ุงูŠุด
101
00:10:25,230 --> 00:10:26,830
ูŠุนู†ูŠ condition for correct steering
102
00:10:32,730 --> 00:10:36,770
ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุงู† ุงู„ู„ุญุธูŠ ู„ู„ุฃุฑุจุน ุนุฌู„ุงุช ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ู…ุด
103
00:10:36,770 --> 00:10:41,730
ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฃุถู…ู† ู…ุงูŠุตูŠุฑุด ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃูŠ
104
00:10:41,730 --> 00:10:45,030
ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุณูˆุงุก ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ู„ู„ุนุฌู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู…ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚
105
00:10:45,030 --> 00:10:48,590
ู„ู„ุนุฌู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฎู„ููŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ condition of correct
106
00:10:48,590 --> 00:10:50,790
steering contingent five minus contingent theta
107
00:10:50,790 --> 00:11:01,050
ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ C ุนู„ู‰ B ุทูŠุจ
108
00:11:04,060 --> 00:11:07,100
ุชุทุจูŠู‚ุง ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ุนุฑูู†ุง ุงู„ condition for correct
109
00:11:07,100 --> 00:11:07,580
steering
110
00:11:17,600 --> 00:11:21,940
ุทุจ ุจู…ุง ุนุฑูุช ุงู† ุงู„ condition for correct steering
111
00:11:21,940 --> 00:11:28,620
ุชู… ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุฏูŠูุณ steering gear ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
112
00:11:28,620 --> 00:11:31,920
ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุฏูŠูุณ ุฏูŠูุณ steering gear ุฏูŠูุณ steering gear
113
00:11:31,920 --> 00:11:41,220
ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ front wheel ุนู†ุฏ ุฏูˆู„ุงุจ ุนู†ุฏ B ูˆ
114
00:11:41,220 --> 00:11:43,380
ุฏูˆู„ุงุจ ุนู†ุฏ D
115
00:12:13,320 --> 00:12:18,320
ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ wheel and b is allowed to rotate
116
00:12:18,320 --> 00:12:22,000
about ู†ู‚ุทุฉ a ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุฏูˆุฑุงู†
117
00:12:25,820 --> 00:12:31,180
ูˆ ุงู„ูˆูŠู„ ุงู† ุฏูŠ is allowed to rotate about point C
118
00:12:31,180 --> 00:12:43,200
ู‡ุงุฏ
119
00:12:43,200 --> 00:12:48,340
ุงู„ link ุจูŠ ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ุงุฏ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ link ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
120
00:12:56,400 --> 00:13:01,260
ูˆ ุงู„ DCH ู‡ุฐู‡ link
121
00:13:01,260 --> 00:13:05,900
ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
122
00:13:05,900 --> 00:13:13,960
ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ slider ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู‰
123
00:13:13,960 --> 00:13:18,340
ู‡ู†ุง slider ูˆ
124
00:13:18,340 --> 00:13:24,060
ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ู†ุง slider pair sliding pairูุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง
125
00:13:24,060 --> 00:13:29,020
revolute pair ูˆู‡ู†ุง revolute pair ู…ุฑุจูˆุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง
126
00:13:29,020 --> 00:13:38,080
ุงู„ link ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ link ูุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง sliding pair ุนู†ุฏ e ูˆ
127
00:13:38,080 --> 00:13:45,360
sliding pair ุนู†ุฏ f sliding pair ุนู†ุฏ e ุซุงุจุช ูˆ ุนู†ุฏ f
128
00:13:45,360 --> 00:13:50,420
ุซุงุจุช ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุฏ ู‡ุฏู‚ู‚ุด
129
00:13:54,310 --> 00:14:01,910
G ูˆุงู„ุฑุฏ GH ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ู„ู‡ ูŠุชุญุฑูƒ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
130
00:14:01,910 --> 00:14:07,550
ู„ูˆ ู„ูุช ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ูŠู…ูŠู† ู‡ุชู„ู ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู‡ุชู„ู ู‡ุฐุง ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ุฐุง
131
00:14:07,550 --> 00:14:10,710
ู‡ูŠู†ุณุญุจ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู„ูˆ ู„ูุช ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰
132
00:14:10,710 --> 00:14:11,830
ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„
133
00:14:19,640 --> 00:14:22,740
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ู…ุดู‡ุง ุนุฏู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ
134
00:14:22,740 --> 00:14:31,460
ุณุงู…ูŠู‡ุง Alpha ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ Alpha
135
00:14:31,460 --> 00:14:37,040
ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃู„ูŠุฉ ูˆ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ steering ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ
136
00:14:37,040 --> 00:14:41,200
ุงู„ steering ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ ุทุจุนุง ูˆ ู…ุทู„ุน
137
00:14:41,200 --> 00:14:44,820
ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุจุงุณู…ู‡ุง Davis steering gear mechanism
138
00:14:44,820 --> 00:14:52,130
Davis steering gear mechanismุงู„ุงู† ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„
139
00:14:52,130 --> 00:14:56,150
mathematics ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง ู†ุชุฃูƒุฏ ุงู† ู‡ูŠ satisfy ุงูˆ ุงูŠู‡
140
00:14:56,150 --> 00:14:59,930
satisfy ุงู„ correct steering condition ูŠุนู†ูŠ cot phi
141
00:14:59,930 --> 00:15:06,670
minus cot theta ุจุณูˆุง ุจูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠ ู†ุชุทู„ุน
142
00:15:06,670 --> 00:15:18,090
ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุชูุตูŠู„ุง ุงู†ุง
143
00:15:18,090 --> 00:15:24,450
ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุณูŠุงุฑุฉู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนุฌู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู…ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ุนุฌู„ุงุช
144
00:15:24,450 --> 00:15:44,150
ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู…ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุฌู„ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
145
00:15:44,150 --> 00:15:45,270
ุงู„ุนุฌู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฎู„ููŠุฉ
146
00:16:04,830 --> 00:16:09,410
ูˆ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ chases ู„ู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ body ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ ู‡ูŠูƒู„
147
00:16:09,410 --> 00:16:13,070
ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง
148
00:16:13,070 --> 00:16:20,310
ุนู†ุฏ
149
00:16:20,310 --> 00:16:28,870
pivot ุนู†ุฏ a ุนู†ุฏ pivot ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุฏูˆุฑุงู† ุนู†ุฏ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ a ูˆู…ุญูˆุฑ
150
00:16:28,870 --> 00:16:32,110
ุฏูˆุฑุงู† ุนู†ุฏ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ b
151
00:16:40,500 --> 00:16:53,620
ุนู†ุฏูŠ link ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ link ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุงู„ุนุฌู„ ุฌุงู‡ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ it
152
00:16:53,620 --> 00:16:54,580
can slide
153
00:17:08,360 --> 00:17:13,320
ูƒุงู† slide ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ูˆุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุนุฌู„ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ููŠู‡
154
00:17:13,320 --> 00:17:19,980
link ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ุญูˆุฑ .. ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ link ุทุงู„ุนุฉ ูˆููŠ ูƒู…ุงู†
155
00:17:19,980 --> 00:17:24,080
another block ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ link to slide inside
156
00:17:24,080 --> 00:17:27,880
ูˆููŠ
157
00:17:27,880 --> 00:17:36,420
ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฑุฏ ุงู„ุฑุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
158
00:17:36,420 --> 00:17:37,500
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุฏ ุงู„ cd
159
00:17:41,770 --> 00:17:48,730
CD ูู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ู†ุง sliding pair sliding
160
00:17:48,730 --> 00:17:56,070
pair ุนู†ุฏ P ูˆ Q ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ
161
00:17:56,070 --> 00:17:59,970
ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ
162
00:17:59,970 --> 00:18:01,970
Alpha
163
00:18:13,460 --> 00:18:17,720
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ Alpha
164
00:18:17,720 --> 00:18:24,600
ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ
165
00:18:24,600 --> 00:18:32,720
ู…ู† C ู„ู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ
166
00:18:32,720 --> 00:18:37,640
ู…ุด ุนุงุฏู„ D ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูŠุถุง D
167
00:18:51,220 --> 00:18:55,440
ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุจุฏู‰ ุชู„ู ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุจุฏู‰ ุชุนู…ู„ ุฏูˆุฑุงู†
168
00:18:55,440 --> 00:19:01,080
ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุชุนู…ู„ ุฏูˆุฑุงู† ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ู‡ูŠุณูŠุฑ
169
00:19:01,080 --> 00:19:12,920
ุงู„ุนุฌู„ุงุช ุงู„ุนุฌู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ู‡ูŠู‡ุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง
170
00:19:12,920 --> 00:19:15,500
ุงู„ ุฑุฏ ู‡ูŠู…ุด ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู‡ู†ุฒู„ู‚ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡
171
00:19:22,400 --> 00:19:27,120
ู‡ุฐุง ุณูŠุตุจุญ C' ูˆุงู„ุนุฌู„ุฉ
172
00:19:27,120 --> 00:19:31,120
B ู‡ูŠ
173
00:19:31,120 --> 00:19:39,160
ุงู„ุนุฌู„ุฉ B ุณุฃู„ูุช ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุชุณุญุจ D ู‡ุชุฑูˆุญ ุนู† D' ุณูŠุตุจุญ ู‡ู†ุง
174
00:19:39,160 --> 00:19:40,160
ุฏูŠ D'
175
00:19:49,790 --> 00:19:54,410
ู„ุฃู† for correct steering for correct street
176
00:19:54,410 --> 00:20:02,330
steering ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ู… ู†ูุณ ุงู„ instant center for
177
00:20:02,330 --> 00:20:13,090
correct steering ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ู… ู†ูุณ ุงู„ instant ู†ูุณ
178
00:20:13,090 --> 00:20:14,050
ุงู„ instant center
179
00:20:22,960 --> 00:20:28,380
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ I Instant Center ู‡ุฐุง
180
00:20:28,380 --> 00:20:41,100
ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ P ู‡ุฐุง
181
00:20:41,100 --> 00:20:44,940
ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ Theta
182
00:20:44,940 --> 00:20:48,360
ู‡ุฐุง
183
00:20:48,360 --> 00:20:50,960
ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ Phi
184
00:21:05,470 --> 00:21:09,330
ุทูŠุจุŒ ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ link ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุชู„ูุŒ ุงู„ link ูƒุงู† ุฒูŠูƒ ูˆ
185
00:21:09,330 --> 00:21:13,870
ู„ูุชุŒ ู„ูุช ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉุŒ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ูุงูŠ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
186
00:21:13,870 --> 00:21:17,050
ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ููŠ
187
00:21:28,890 --> 00:21:33,870
ุงู„ุงู† ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุซูŠุชุง ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุงุฏู‰ ู‡ุงุฏู‰ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ
188
00:21:33,870 --> 00:21:38,350
ุซูŠุชุง
189
00:21:38,350 --> 00:21:41,390
ุทุจุนุง
190
00:21:41,390 --> 00:21:51,630
ู†ู‚ุทุฉ C ุงุชุญุฑูƒุช ู„ C prime ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุชู…ุดูŠุช ู…ุณุงูุฉ X ูˆ
191
00:21:51,630 --> 00:21:57,640
ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ D ุฑุงุญุช ู„ D prime ุจุฑุถู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ Xู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง
192
00:21:57,640 --> 00:22:08,520
ุญุฑูƒุชู‡ translation motion ุงุชุญุฑูƒ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ X ู„ุฃู†
193
00:22:08,520 --> 00:22:16,760
ู„ูˆ ุฎู„ุชู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซ A A' C' ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซ
194
00:22:26,400 --> 00:22:32,740
A A' C'
195
00:22:33,680 --> 00:22:39,300
ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ
196
00:22:39,300 --> 00:22:45,120
ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Alpha ุฒุงุฆุฏ Phi ุชุงู† Alpha
197
00:22:45,120 --> 00:22:53,760
ุฒุงุฆุฏ Phi ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุงู† ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุงู† Alpha ุฒุงุฆุฏ
198
00:22:53,760 --> 00:22:59,700
Phiู‡ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ a'
199
00:23:00,060 --> 00:23:09,020
c' ุนู„ู‰
200
00:23:09,020 --> 00:23:13,020
a
201
00:23:13,020 --> 00:23:19,920
a' ุทุจุนุง
202
00:23:19,920 --> 00:23:21,740
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู‡ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง a
203
00:23:25,990 --> 00:23:36,910
ู‡ุฐู‡ A ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ C ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
204
00:23:36,910 --> 00:23:38,270
ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ B
205
00:23:51,080 --> 00:23:55,560
ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ alpha ุฒุงุฆุฏ five ุจูŠุณูˆุง a prime c
206
00:23:55,560 --> 00:24:01,400
prime ุนู„ู‰ a prime a ุงู„ a prime c prime ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† a
207
00:24:01,400 --> 00:24:16,040
prime c ุฒุงุฆุฏ c c prime ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ a prime c ุฒุงุฆุฏ
208
00:24:16,040 --> 00:24:28,360
c c prime ุนู„ู‰ุงู„ู€ A A' ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† A ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ
209
00:24:28,360 --> 00:24:36,800
ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ A' C ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† D ูˆ
210
00:24:36,800 --> 00:24:44,620
ุงู„ CC' ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† X D ุฒุงุฆุฏ X ุนู„ู‰ A
211
00:24:49,520 --> 00:24:54,760
ุทูŠุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Geometry Tan
212
00:24:54,760 --> 00:25:03,920
Alpha ุฒุงุฆุฏ Phi Tan
213
00:25:03,920 --> 00:25:07,100
Alpha
214
00:25:07,100 --> 00:25:17,520
ุฒุงุฆุฏ Phi ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุณุงูˆูŠ Tan Alpha ุฒุงุฆุฏ Tan Phi ู‡ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
215
00:25:17,520 --> 00:25:27,390
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ calculusุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุชุงู† ุงู„ู ููŠ ุชุงู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
216
00:25:27,390 --> 00:25:31,650
ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ D
217
00:25:31,650 --> 00:25:38,110
ุนู„ู‰ A D
218
00:25:38,110 --> 00:25:42,210
ุงูˆ
219
00:25:42,210 --> 00:25:46,330
ุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง D ุฒุงุฆุฏ X ุนู„ู‰ A
220
00:25:49,930 --> 00:25:59,470
ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซ A A' C ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซ A
221
00:25:59,470 --> 00:26:07,330
A' C ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุชุงู† ุชุงู† ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ุงู„ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
222
00:26:07,330 --> 00:26:16,830
Alpha ุชุงู† Alpha ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุณุงูˆูŠ A' C ุนู„ู‰ A A'
223
00:26:20,540 --> 00:26:26,900
ุงู„ู€ A' C ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจู‚ุฑุง ุนู† D ุจู‚ุฑุง
224
00:26:26,900 --> 00:26:33,820
ุนู† D ุนู„ู‰ A ูŠุนู†ูŠ
225
00:26:33,820 --> 00:26:44,880
ุงู†ุง ุญุงุณูŠู† ุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ 10 Alpha ุฒุงุฆุฏ Phi ุญุณุงูˆูŠ
226
00:26:44,880 --> 00:26:53,470
ุงู„ 10 Alphaุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ D ุนู„ู‰ A ุฒุงุฆุฏ
227
00:26:53,470 --> 00:26:57,450
Tan Phi ุนู„ู‰
228
00:26:57,450 --> 00:27:07,850
ูˆุงุญุฏ minus ุงู„ D ุนู„ู‰ A ุงู„
229
00:27:07,850 --> 00:27:16,510
Tan Alpha ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ D ุนู„ู‰ A ุฒุงุฆุฏ D ุนู„ู‰ A
230
00:27:16,510 --> 00:27:28,940
ููŠ Tanุงู„ู€ Fi ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ D ุฒุงุฏ X ุนู„ู‰ A ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุช ุงู„ bus
231
00:27:28,940 --> 00:27:35,280
ููŠ A ูˆ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ููŠ MุŒ ู…ุง ุจูŠุบูŠุฑุดุŒ ู‡ุณูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู‚ุทุจ ุงู„
232
00:27:35,280 --> 00:27:45,520
bus ููŠ A ุจูŠุณูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏ D ุฒุงุฏ A tan Fi ุนู„ู‰ A
233
00:27:48,080 --> 00:28:08,360
-D tan ูุงู‰ ุจุณุงูˆู‰ D ุฒุงุฏ X ุนู„ู‰ A ุทูŠุจ
234
00:28:08,360 --> 00:28:11,940
ุจุฏู‰ ุงุนู…ู„ cross ุญุณูŠุจ ุนู†ุฏ ุฏูŠ A
235
00:28:16,460 --> 00:28:27,440
ุฒุงุฆุฏ a squared tan phi ู‡ุชุณุงูˆูŠ a
236
00:28:27,440 --> 00:28:30,640
ููŠ
237
00:28:30,640 --> 00:28:35,600
d ุฒุงุฆุฏ x minus
238
00:28:35,600 --> 00:28:42,920
d tan phi ููŠ d ุฒุงุฆุฏ x
239
00:28:46,060 --> 00:28:49,380
ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฌูŠุจ ู‡ุฏู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุณูŠุจ ุนู†ุฏูŠ a square
240
00:28:49,380 --> 00:29:00,360
ูˆ ู‡ุงุฎุฏ tan phi ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ุฒุงุฆุฏ d ููŠ d ุฒุงุฆุฏ x ููŠ tan
241
00:29:00,360 --> 00:29:07,040
phi ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ
242
00:29:07,040 --> 00:29:13,660
a d ุฒุงุฆุฏ a x minus a d
243
00:29:18,830 --> 00:29:25,990
ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุญ ุญุฏ ู…ุน ุญุฏุŒ ุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุชุญุณู† ุนู† ุฏูŠ a squared ุฒุงุฆุฏ
244
00:29:25,990 --> 00:29:34,730
d squared ุฒุงุฆุฏ dx ุฃูˆ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุฃุญูƒูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ tan phi tan
245
00:29:34,730 --> 00:29:38,870
phi ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ
246
00:29:38,870 --> 00:29:42,110
ax
247
00:29:42,110 --> 00:29:44,930
ุนู„ู‰
248
00:29:48,900 --> 00:30:00,160
ุจุณุชูˆู‰ ax ุนู„ู‰ aยฒ ุฒุงุฆุฏ dยฒ ุฒุงุฆุฏ d ููŠ x ู‡ูŠ ุฏูŠ tan ูุงูŠ
249
00:30:00,160 --> 00:30:06,580
ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุชูƒูˆู† tangent ูุงูŠ ู‡ุชุณุชูˆู‰
250
00:30:06,580 --> 00:30:16,200
ุงู„ุนูƒุณ a ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ d ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ dx ุนู„ู‰ ax
251
00:30:22,470 --> 00:30:27,670
ุทูŠุจ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู‡ู†ุฌูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุฌู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ู‡ุงุฎุฏ
252
00:30:27,670 --> 00:30:31,610
ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ
253
00:30:31,610 --> 00:30:32,790
ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ
254
00:30:32,790 --> 00:30:37,450
ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ
255
00:30:37,450 --> 00:30:39,030
ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ
256
00:30:39,030 --> 00:30:41,310
ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ
257
00:30:41,310 --> 00:30:41,310
ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ
258
00:30:41,310 --> 00:30:42,990
ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ
259
00:30:42,990 --> 00:30:42,990
ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ
260
00:30:42,990 --> 00:30:42,990
ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ ุจ
261
00:30:49,590 --> 00:30:54,070
ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ Alpha ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ Alpha ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
262
00:30:54,070 --> 00:31:04,510
Theta ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุชุงู† Alpha ู†ุงู‚ุต Theta ุชุงู† Alpha minus
263
00:31:04,510 --> 00:31:08,570
Theta Alpha
264
00:31:08,570 --> 00:31:14,010
ุชุงู† Alpha minus
265
00:31:14,010 --> 00:31:18,110
Theta ู‡ุชุณุงูˆู‰
266
00:31:19,760 --> 00:31:38,100
B' D' B' D' ุนู„ู‰ B B B' B B' ุงู„ุขู† B' D' ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
267
00:31:38,100 --> 00:31:43,280
ุนู† D ู†ุงู‚ุต X D minus
268
00:31:43,280 --> 00:31:48,080
X ุนู„ู‰ B B' ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ H A
269
00:31:54,030 --> 00:32:01,790
ูู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ tan alpha ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชุณุงูˆูŠ tan alpha
270
00:32:01,790 --> 00:32:06,830
ู†ุงู‚ุต tan alpha ู†ุงู‚ุต theta ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชุณุงูˆูŠ tan alpha
271
00:32:06,830 --> 00:32:20,110
minus tan theta ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฆุฏ tan alpha tan
272
00:32:20,110 --> 00:32:22,410
theta
273
00:32:26,880 --> 00:32:39,680
ุทูŠุจ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจุฑุงูŠู… ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซ ุงูˆ
274
00:32:39,680 --> 00:32:45,800
ูุด ุฏุงุนูŠ ุงู„ุงู† ุญุฏ ู‡ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุงู†
275
00:32:45,800 --> 00:32:50,400
ุชุงู† ุฃู„ู ุงุญู†ุง ุญุงูƒูŠู‡ ุงู†ุง already ุญุณุจู†ุง ุชุงู† ุฃู„ู ุชุงู†
276
00:32:50,400 --> 00:32:53,020
ุฃู„ู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุฏูŠ
277
00:32:56,400 --> 00:33:04,320
D minus X ุนู„ู‰ A ุจุตูˆุช 10 Alpha ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ D ุนู„ู‰ A D
278
00:33:04,320 --> 00:33:09,500
ุนู„ู‰ A Minus
279
00:33:09,500 --> 00:33:24,820
10 Theta ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฆุฏ D ุนู„ู‰ A 10ฮธ ู‡ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ุจุตุฑ ููŠ a
280
00:33:24,820 --> 00:33:29,660
ูˆุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ุนู„ู‰ a ู…ุง ุจุชุบูŠุฑุด ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู† ุฏูŠ d minus x
281
00:33:29,660 --> 00:33:47,180
ุนู„ู‰ a ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ d minus a tan ฮธ ุนู„ู‰ a ุฒุงุฆุฏ d tan
282
00:33:48,630 --> 00:34:02,570
ุซูŠุชุง ู‡ุนู…ู„ cross ู‡ุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ a ู‡ุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ a d ู†ุงู‚ุต
283
00:34:02,570 --> 00:34:11,790
a ุชุฑุจูŠุน tan ุซูŠุชุง ู‡ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ a ููŠ d minus x
284
00:34:17,530 --> 00:34:36,210
ุฒุงุฆุฏ D ููŠ D minus X Tan Theta ุงู„ุขู†
285
00:34:36,210 --> 00:34:39,750
ู‡ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ Tan Theta ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุณูŠ ู„ุนู†ุฏูŠ A
286
00:34:39,750 --> 00:34:43,710
Square A
287
00:34:43,710 --> 00:34:44,110
Square
288
00:34:47,120 --> 00:34:58,920
ุฒุงุฏ dยฒ minus dx ููŠ tan ฮธ ุฃู†ุง
289
00:34:58,920 --> 00:35:09,960
ุฌุจุช ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ู‡ูŠู† ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณูˆุงุก ุง ุฏูŠ ุง ุฏูŠ
290
00:35:09,960 --> 00:35:14,120
minus ุง
291
00:35:15,250 --> 00:35:21,730
ูู‰ D minus X ูŠุนู†ูŠ
292
00:35:21,730 --> 00:35:26,550
ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ู†ุง A D ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู…ุน A D ุจูŠุถู„ุงุด A X ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ tan ฮธ
293
00:35:26,550 --> 00:35:36,450
ุชุงู† ุซุชุง ู‡ุชุณุงูˆู‰ tan ฮธ ู‡ุชุณุงูˆู‰
294
00:35:36,450 --> 00:35:42,050
A X ุนู„ู‰
295
00:35:42,050 --> 00:35:44,190
A Square
296
00:35:47,700 --> 00:35:56,620
ุนู„ู‰ a squared ุฒุงุฆุฏ d squared minus dx ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„
297
00:35:56,620 --> 00:36:03,640
quotient ุนูƒุณู‡ุง quotient theta ู‡ุชุณุงูˆูŠ
298
00:36:03,640 --> 00:36:11,500
a squared ุฒุงุฆุฏ d squared minus dx ุนู„ู‰ ax
299
00:36:15,350 --> 00:36:20,050
ุงู„ุงู† ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุงู…ุณุญ ูˆ ุงุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู‡ู…ู†ูŠ ุญุงู„ูŠุง
300
00:36:20,050 --> 00:36:41,930
ุจุชู‡ู…ู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุงุญู†ุง already ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู…ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ุงุญู†ุง
301
00:36:41,930 --> 00:36:42,410
ูˆุตู„ู†ุง
302
00:36:47,500 --> 00:36:54,900
ูˆูˆุตู„ู†ุง ุงู† quotient phi ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ
303
00:36:54,900 --> 00:37:06,320
a squared ุฒุงุฆุฏ d squared ุฒุงุฆุฏ dx ุนู„ู‰ ax ูˆ quotient
304
00:37:06,320 --> 00:37:17,350
theta ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ a squaredุฒูŠ ุฏูŠ ุณูƒูˆูŠุฑ ู…ุงูŠู†ูˆุณ ุฏูŠ ุงูƒุณ
305
00:37:17,350 --> 00:37:25,170
ุนู„ู‰ ุงูƒุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎู„ุงุตุฉ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู‡ุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆุฏ ุงุญูƒูŠ
306
00:37:25,170 --> 00:37:32,410
contingent ูุงูŠ ู…ุงูŠู†ูˆุณ contingent ุซูŠุชุง ู‡ุงุฎุฏ ุงูƒุณ ุนู„ู‰
307
00:37:32,410 --> 00:37:32,970
ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ
308
00:37:35,650 --> 00:37:47,310
ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ aยฒ ุฐุงุช dยฒ ุฐุงุช dx minus aยฒ ุฐุงุช dยฒ minus
309
00:37:47,310 --> 00:37:55,810
dx ู‡ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุญ aยฒ ู…ุน aยฒ ูˆdยฒ ู…ุน dยฒ ุฏูŠ ุงูƒุณ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
310
00:37:55,810 --> 00:38:02,650
two dx ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ two dx ุนู„ู‰ ax ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
311
00:38:05,130 --> 00:38:14,230
ุนู„ู‰ ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุง ุงู„
312
00:38:14,230 --> 00:38:18,970
ุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ten alpha ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
313
00:38:18,970 --> 00:38:27,130
ุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ten alpha ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง for correct
314
00:38:27,130 --> 00:38:31,130
correct steering
315
00:38:34,860 --> 00:38:39,800
ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ cot ููŠ minus
316
00:38:39,800 --> 00:38:45,920
cot ฮธ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุจูŠ
317
00:38:45,920 --> 00:38:55,960
ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠ ุจูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠ ุจูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠ ุจูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠ ุนุดุงู† ุงู„
318
00:38:55,960 --> 00:38:59,500
correct steering ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน ุนุฌู„ุงุช ู„ู‡ู… ู†ูุณ ู…ุฑูƒุฒ
319
00:38:59,500 --> 00:39:08,970
ุฏูˆุฑุงู† ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชุงู† ุฃู„ูุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุงู†
320
00:39:08,970 --> 00:39:16,750
ุฃู„ูุฉ ู‡ุชุณูˆู‰ ุจูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุณูŠ
321
00:39:19,610 --> 00:39:23,110
ูŠุนู†ูŠ to satisfy the condition of correct steering
322
00:39:23,110 --> 00:39:27,230
ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ Alpha ูƒู…ุชู‡ุง B ุนู„ู‰ 2C otherwise
323
00:39:27,230 --> 00:39:31,890
ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ Alpha ูƒู…ุชู‡ุง B ุนู„ู‰ 2C otherwise
324
00:39:31,890 --> 00:39:37,370
ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ Alpha ูƒู…ุชู‡ุง B ุนู„ู‰ 2C otherwise
325
00:39:37,370 --> 00:39:37,930
ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ Alpha ูƒู…ุชู‡ุง B ุนู„ู‰ 2C otherwise
326
00:39:37,930 --> 00:39:38,290
ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ Alpha ูƒู…ุชู‡ุง B ุนู„ู‰ 2C otherwise
327
00:39:38,290 --> 00:39:39,110
ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ Alpha ูƒู…ุชู‡ุง B ุนู„ู‰ 2C otherwise
328
00:39:39,110 --> 00:39:39,370
ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ Alpha ูƒู…ุชู‡ุง B ุนู„ู‰ 2C otherwise
329
00:39:39,370 --> 00:39:41,110
ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ Alpha ูƒู…ุชู‡ุง B ุนู„ู‰ 2C otherwise
330
00:39:41,110 --> 00:39:46,090
ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ Alpha ูƒู…ุชู‡ุง B ุนู„ู‰ 2C otherwise
331
00:39:46,090 --> 00:39:48,070
ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ Alpha ูƒู…ุชู‡ุง B ุนู„ู‰ 2C otherwise
332
00:39:48,070 --> 00:39:48,210
ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ Alpha ูƒู…ุชู‡ุง
333
00:39:59,930 --> 00:40:03,750
ุทูŠุจ ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ ten alpha ุจุงู„ุณูˆุงุก ุงู„ C ุฃูˆ
334
00:40:03,750 --> 00:40:14,330
ุจุงู„ุณูˆุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ B ูู‰ ุฅุดูŠ ุบู„ุท ุดูƒู„ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ูŠู† D ุนู„ู‰ A
335
00:40:14,330 --> 00:40:20,930
ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ten alpha ุงุชู†ูŠู† ten alphaูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดูƒู„ู‡ ู…ุฎุฑุจุท
336
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุชุงู† ุฃู„ู ุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ C ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจูŠู‡ C
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C ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ุงู† ุงุชุจุนูˆุง ู„ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงูŠุด ุงู† ุงู†ุง
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00:40:32,450 --> 00:40:36,350
ุงุนูƒุณู‡ุง ุงุชุจุนูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุงุดุชู‚ุงู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุชุดูˆู ูˆูŠู† ููŠ
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ุฎุทุฃ ู…ุง ุทูŠุจ
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ุงู†ุญู„
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example
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in a Davis steering gear the distance between the
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pivots of the front axle in a Davis steering gear
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the distance between the pivots of the front axle
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is ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุน
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ุงู„ุทูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ C ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ
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C ูˆุงุญุฏ
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point ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุชุฑand the wheel base ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ B ุณูˆู‰
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ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ุชุฑ find the inclination of
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the track arm to the longitudinal axis of the gear
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when it is moving along a straight line ุจุฏู‡ ุงู„ู
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ten ุงู„ู ten
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ุงู„ู ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆุฉ
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ุงู„ Cุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ C ุนู†ุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ point
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00:42:09,160 --> 00:42:16,780
ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุณุจุน ุนุดุฑ ุงู‚ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจุญุณุจ ุงู„
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alpha
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ู„ุฃู† ููŠ ู‚ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ steering ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุชุณู…ู‰ A
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-Carman Steering Gear Mechanism A-Carman Steering
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Gear Mechanism ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู†ุทู„ุน ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†
360
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ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ A-Carman Steering Mechanism ู‡ุฐู‡
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ุงู„ุนุฌู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู…ูŠุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนุฌู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฎู„ููŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ
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ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู…ูŠ ู„ู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ููŠ ู„ู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ
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00:43:04,460 --> 00:43:07,980
ุงู„ุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ link ู…ุฑุจูˆุทุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ
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ุฃู„ู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ link ู…ุฑุจูˆุทุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
365
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ link ู…ุฑุจูˆุทุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰
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ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ four bar linkage ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
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ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงูˆู„
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ุดูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ a car man steering mechanism ุงู„ steering
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mechanism ุฌุงูŠุฉ ูˆุฑุง ุงู„ front axleููŠ ุงู„ู€ Devastating
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Mechanism ุฌุงูŠู„ุณุชูŠุฑูŠ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ุฃู…ุงู… ุงู„ู€ front axle
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00:43:37,410 --> 00:43:42,450
ู‡ุงูŠ ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฑู‚ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ Acerman ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„
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.. ููŠ ุงู„ Devastating Mechanism ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ sliding
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00:43:45,810 --> 00:43:50,410
pairs ููŠ ุงู„ Acerman ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงูŠ sliding pair ูƒู„ู‡
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revolute ู‡ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ revolute .. revolute .. revolute
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.. revolute ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ revolute ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ุฃุณู„
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00:43:57,830 --> 00:44:05,210
ูˆ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฃู‚ู„ุจุณ ู…ุด ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† exact .. exact .. ู…ุด
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ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† exact .. ู…ุด ู‡ุชุญู‚ู‚ ุงู„ condition for correct
378
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steering ู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† very close ู„ู„ correct
379
00:44:14,330 --> 00:44:20,790
steering mechanism ุฅุฐุง ุญุฏ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู†
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ุชุฑุฌุน ู„ู„ YouTube ุฃูˆ ุงู„ net ู‡ุชุฑูŠู‡ ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ูƒุชูŠุฑ
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00:44:23,710 --> 00:44:27,630
ู„ู„ุญุณุงุจุงุช ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฏ ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ู‡ุฏ four partfor bar
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mechanism ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุนุชุจุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ูุงูŠ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ
383
00:44:33,230 --> 00:44:39,330
ุซูŠุชุง ูƒู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุนู…ู„ mathematics ุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ุจูŠุญุณ ุงู†
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ูƒุชูˆุฌุฏ ุงู„ condition for correct steering ุงู† ุงู„
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instance center rotation ู„ู„ุงุฑุจุน ุนุฌู„ุงุช ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู†
386
00:44:47,810 --> 00:44:50,810
ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุงุณู… ู…ุงู†ูุนุด ุจุณ ุงู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน ุนุฌู„ุงุช ู‡ุงุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง
387
00:44:50,810 --> 00:44:55,470
ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ู„ู„ุนุฌู„ุงุช
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00:44:59,950 --> 00:45:04,310
ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุงู† ู†ู†ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูˆ
389
00:45:04,310 --> 00:45:06,470
ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุฌุงูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
390
00:45:06,470 --> 00:45:11,890
universal or hoax joint ุงุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง
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ุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ