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Assalamualaikum everyone and as always nice to

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have you back. Today we'll do Augustan poetry and

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we have a surprise because there are two women

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poets today to talk about and at the same time we

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have two of your classmates here doing

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presentations which is always an amazing thing. So

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let's see the presentations and then go back to

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the Augustan age. You can start now, Hind.

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Hello everyone, my name is Hind Dagmosh. Today,

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inshallah, I will be talking about a metaphysical

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poetry tree. We can describe metaphysical poetry tree as

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a fruit of the Renaissance tree. So, what is the

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metaphysical poetry? Metaphysical poetry is a

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group of poetry emerged in the beginning of the

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17th century whose poetry comes to be known as the

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metaphysical poetry. Metaphysical literally, meta

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means beyond and physics means physical nature.

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Metaphysical concerned with the fundamental

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problems of the nature or replacing life.

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John Donne was the founder of the metaphysical

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poetry. He tried to write poetry in a different

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way, but the name of metaphysical poetry is given

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by Dr. Samuel Johnson for the first time when he

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wrote The Life of Abraham Cowley in his book The

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Lives of the Poets, but he used it in a negative sense

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to criticize the poetry of Donne.

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Unusual images. Unusual images makes the poetry

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difficult. Images taken from fields of knowledge,

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science, architecture, geography, history,

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astronomy, chemistry, architecture, geometry,

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mathematics and biology, medical, etc. For

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example, today, The Flea by John Donne. The flea

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marked by this flea and marking this how little

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that which that denies to me is. It sucked me

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first and now sucks thee. And in this flea our two

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blood mingled be. Thou knowest that this cannot be

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said a sin nor shame nor loss of maidenhead.

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This is taken from the field of biology.

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This poetry is taken from the field of biology and the

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flea is a small insect. The small insect sucks

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blood from the human body. This insect used here as a

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theme of the exhibition of love. Oh yeah. To

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conclude on the flea, the flea uses a conceit as

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a means of flirtation and sexual coercion too. The

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flea metaphor represents denied sensual pleasure.

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Its tiny scale reflects the insignificance of the

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woman's chastity. Its body containing the blood of

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the speaker and mistress symbolizes the union between

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the couple.

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of the reason, they perhaps to see how one image

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can be stretched to accommodate a range of

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meanings and association. They show the thrilling

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possibilities of language, but to political use.

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Thank you, this is my presentation.

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Some of you find the metaphysical poetry

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interesting and intriguing in a way. Maybe I

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disagreed in the description that metaphysical

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poetry is difficult rather than metaphysical

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poetry or even speaking analyzing the word

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metaphysical itself because in our discussion we

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came to the conclusion that metaphysical doesn't

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necessarily mean nothing. It was used just to say

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that those people are bad. The poetry is not about

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metaphysicality generally, it's different. They

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were writing against the current. I was also

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hoping for some commentary on the woman here in

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the text. Generally, we said so far, the society has

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been anti-feminist where women are presented as

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less weak, less intelligent, unintellectual

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compared to men. Men have more freedom. Is John

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Donne treating the woman in the poem the same?

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That is an interesting question. Someone else can

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probably do a presentation on this. But maybe I

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can tell you that the 20th century's greatest

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feminist, Virginia Woolf, she praised John Donne.

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She's the same critic who praised Aphra Behn. So, if

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a feminist praises John Donne, probably he's doing

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something to empower women, to give them a voice.

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Thank you. Thank you. Yeah, please. Maybe he's

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trying to be different and be with women, not to

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be against women like other poets. And this is

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something new. This is something experimental.

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People were not used to women having a voice.

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Because in this poem, when the poet is telling his

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beloved that you and me and the flea are one in

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this crazy, it's in a way similar to the guy who

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told, actually, we'll study this someone who wants

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to deceive the woman to trick her to take her

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money here, in a way, he wants to take something

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else but the poet is saying, we are the same and

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the woman is not tricked, he doesn't deceive her

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because what does she do? She kills the flea, he

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acts, he takes action exactly. So, he's telling her

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because, listen when we speak about three, we speak

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about trinity, you know, in Christianity so he's

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telling her, this is a sacred creature now because

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it has the blood of three, it's like Jesus Christ,

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God, and everything, she's like, she kills the flea.

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This, simply, an act of action. The woman might not

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speak here, but she takes action. She does the

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most significant thing in the poem. And this is

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generally what a woman does in Donne. Next, we

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have Hanin with another presentation. Hello

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everyone. My name is Hanin. Today, I will talk

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about satire. So, firstly, what is satire?

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Satire is a technique employed by writers to

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criticize corruption, to satirize corruption of an

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individual or a society.

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Satirical writing is usually funny. So, the main

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purpose of satire is not to humor, but to

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criticize corruption. There are four techniques to

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produce satire. The first one is reversal. When

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normal rules or order are reversed. The second one

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is parody. Parody is humorous and exaggerated

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imitation. The third one is incongruity. It is

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something that seems out of place or out of

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character. The last one is exaggeration. It's

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giving an impression that something is greater or

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larger than it really is. So using humor is more

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effective than if you want to say this is wrong.

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But if you use humor, this is something that will be

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more effective than if you say this is wrong.

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So this is an extract by John Wilmot. Who can read

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it? "I'd be a dog, a monkey, a bear, or anything

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but that vain animal who is so proud of being

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rational." Yes. This is satire in general. Satire

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in general by John Wilmot. And the second one

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is... Who can read it? Yes. "Lots true or false are

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necessary things to raise up commonwealth's

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enduring kings." This is an extract by Dryden and

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this one is more specific than the first one.

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The last one is, but who can read?

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This extract

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is to satirize someone who is called Shadwell. Shadwell,

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Dryden describes Shadwell as the master, as the

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master of dullness, as the master of dullness. And

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this is an extract, this is satire, personal satire.

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This is personal satire. And this was our lesson

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about satire. Thank you.

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Thank you. When you do presentations, can you try

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to bring texts from outside the course so we can

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learn extra things? This is the one significant

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thing about the presentation. So, we want to see

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what you do with extra texts, with texts from

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outside the course. Okay, so, it would be a lot

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better, but this is really interesting. I like

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that you like satire, and you also mentioned parody

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and stuff we talked about in a bit. So let's go

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back to our class, the

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Augustan Age is actually generally named the

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Augustan Age because it was followed by major critics

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like Samuel Johnson and Alexander Pope. But, before

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I speak about Augustan poetry, Alexander Pope, Mary

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Montague, and Mary Leapor, I want to say something

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about parody. We spoke about

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And, most, even when Hanin mentioned parodies, she

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said some humorous exaggerated imitation. When you

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open most dictionaries, they will always mention

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the word comic or humorous or funny, a funny

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imitation of something, a funny representation of

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something that already existed, whether it is a

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person or a book.

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I believe that this is not accurate. This is not

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100% what parody does. Again, look at me. Why are

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you turning the pages? Is there something? Okay,

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so today, again, before I go to Augustan Poetry,

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I want to say something about parody. And I have

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to say it again, pay attention to this. Generally,

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most books tell you that parody is funny, comic,

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humorous imitation of something. Yes, parody

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imitates, because the word parody means to copy or

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to imitate. Now, is it always funny? Is it always

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humorous? Is it always less serious? This is my

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point now. I think, no, it's not, because sometimes

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it can hurt people's feelings if you're making fun

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of them. Is it only about hurting feelings? No, I

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could say that. But there is one thing. It's about

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criticism. In my opinion, parody is about change.

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Why would I parody somebody? Because, yes, I want

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to make fun of them. But, sometimes, I don't want to

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make fun of them. It's not funny. Sometimes, it's

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tragic. So I want to criticize them to show their

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weaknesses, to show their vices, to show their

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corruption, by imitating them in a way that makes

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people pay attention. My point is,

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If this is like the English canon, you know, the

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English canon, the bulk of the most important,

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most anthologized literary works, where the

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mainstream critics and writers reside most of the

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time. So, if this is the canon. This is the bubble,

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this is the core. Some people live here in the

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margin, you know, the margin. Some people are

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marginalized. They are known, they're famous, but

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they're usually not mentioned and studied and

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researched. They're pushed by critics to the

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parody him, it's like you're telling people that

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he's an ordinary person. He's a human being. I can

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talk about him in a particular way. In order to do

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this, those people outside the canon, they usually

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resort to parody. parody, metafiction,

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metatextuality sometimes. And we've seen this in

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John Donne. Come live with me and be my love. And

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we will some new pleasures grow. So if ordinary

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people would be, you know, the idealism of the

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Elizabethan age, all the pleasures, and we have a

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new poet who says some new pleasure. Okay, why

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some? Because all is wrong, not realistic. And

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you, I want to see what. So he's shaking the world

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of the Elizabethan courtly love. This is what John

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Donne is doing. So when those people use parody,

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who usually does the criticism? The male critics,

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people in the canon, people who create the canon.

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So are they going to be happy with the parody?

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They're not. Are they going to be happy with the

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parody? They are not. So for them, for Samuel

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Johnson, parody is not serious. It's called, I

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think, I'm not sure what exactly he says, but he

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says that parody is less serious, less important

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art than the original text. And it's interesting

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how Johnson also hates puns. Remember we spoke

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about puns? A word with two meanings or sounds. A

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pun is a play on words, when you play with words.

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So those people even don't want us to play with

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words because they want us to follow the

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definitions in the dictionary. But always there

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have always been poets who wanted to do things

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differently. Samuel Johnson, by the way, didn't

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like Tristram Shandy. And he also didn't like John

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Donne. And he also didn't like... So why? Because

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they believed in the rules of the Quran. In

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following particular rules in order to write what

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they call a great book. So you mean that the

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people who are kicked out of the canon are turning

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to As a tool to criticize these people. So how are

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these people going to define parody? Favorably or

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unfavorably? Unfavorably. Unfavorably. So even the

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dictionary said, yeah, there is fun, there is

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humor in parody. But not always. When you read,

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come live with me and be my love, and we will some

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new pleasures. We don't laugh. It's not funny. We

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don't kick it. There's no joke here. But Jonathan

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attracts our attention, grabs our attention to the

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fact that there is another world different from

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the world, the idealistic world of Christopher

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Marlowe, another more realistic world, so to

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speak. So going back here today to Augustine

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00:18:36,370 --> 00:18:42,990
poetry, we have again three poets. Alexander Pope,

275
00:18:43,350 --> 00:18:47,470
Mary Montague, and Mary Liver. One man, two women.

276
00:18:47,570 --> 00:18:51,790
And these are the first women poets to study. And

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this is the 18th century. And that's very

278
00:18:54,870 --> 00:18:57,450
interesting. Because in Arabic tradition and

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00:18:57,450 --> 00:19:01,430
culture, we have poets as far as I think 2,000, 1

280
00:19:01,430 --> 00:19:08,350
,500 years ago. Khan Sawa was a famous Arab

281
00:19:08,350 --> 00:19:12,950
poet. Female Arab poet. Is there something wrong

282
00:19:12,950 --> 00:19:16,370
with women? Are women unable to write poetry or to

283
00:19:16,370 --> 00:19:21,310
write? No. Definitely not. Definitely not. There's

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00:19:21,310 --> 00:19:24,870
something wrong with the way the society deals

285
00:19:24,870 --> 00:19:30,010
with women, frames women, and marginalizes women.

286
00:19:30,150 --> 00:19:34,210
So Alexander Poe is one of the neoclassicist

287
00:19:34,210 --> 00:19:37,650
critics and poets. Before I speak a little bit

288
00:19:37,650 --> 00:19:42,800
about him, Here is one of his famous heroic

289
00:19:42,800 --> 00:19:46,260
couplets, couplets from, I think, an essay on

290
00:19:46,260 --> 00:19:48,860
criticism. He's speaking about poetry, about

291
00:19:48,860 --> 00:19:51,900
criticism, about poetry writing. And he says,

292
00:19:52,680 --> 00:19:55,100
those rules, the rules of writing, classification,

293
00:19:56,780 --> 00:20:02,140
of all discovered, not devised. So he's defending

294
00:20:02,140 --> 00:20:06,440
the rules of Decora. You know Horus and Custas are

295
00:20:06,440 --> 00:20:07,600
nature, so those

296
00:20:10,960 --> 00:20:15,380
They are nature still, but nature methodized,

297
00:20:15,540 --> 00:20:20,540
systematized, organized. This is something like

298
00:20:20,540 --> 00:20:23,240
the likes of John Donne would disagree with

299
00:20:23,240 --> 00:20:27,280
because he's saying, this is strange, the rules of

300
00:20:27,280 --> 00:20:32,280
poetry were not invented by anybody. We found them

301
00:20:32,280 --> 00:20:35,980
out there in nature exactly like we find a planet

302
00:20:35,980 --> 00:20:39,860
or some stars or some galaxies out there or some

303
00:20:39,860 --> 00:20:43,740
new species or birds or some type of fish.

304
00:20:47,150 --> 00:20:50,410
And this is, again, very interesting, because for

305
00:20:50,410 --> 00:20:53,130
them, they actually have a point here. It doesn't

306
00:20:53,130 --> 00:20:55,690
mean their poetry sucks, or they're bad, or no,

307
00:20:55,870 --> 00:20:59,530
no. According to those people, the greatest poetry

308
00:20:59,530 --> 00:21:03,370
was written centuries ago, when man was not

309
00:21:03,370 --> 00:21:05,910
corrupted, when man didn't go even to university,

310
00:21:06,050 --> 00:21:09,110
was not taught to write poetry. Some people now go

311
00:21:09,110 --> 00:21:11,290
to study Arabic or English to be able to write

312
00:21:11,290 --> 00:21:15,350
poetry, right? But those people didn't learn

313
00:21:15,350 --> 00:21:19,040
poetry from anybody. In a way, they were inspired.

314
00:21:19,680 --> 00:21:23,140
For those critics, this inspiration could be from

315
00:21:23,140 --> 00:21:26,800
nature or from God. So God teaches you how to

316
00:21:26,800 --> 00:21:29,840
write poetry, and nature teaches you how to write

317
00:21:29,840 --> 00:21:31,360
poetry. When you look at nature, you find

318
00:21:31,360 --> 00:21:34,500
everything symmetrical, everything organized. Look

319
00:21:34,500 --> 00:21:37,560
at the palm tree, for example. Look at the trees

320
00:21:37,560 --> 00:21:40,020
or things of the birds. Look at them, how they are

321
00:21:40,020 --> 00:21:42,600
shaped and will, in a way, symmetrical. You know

322
00:21:42,600 --> 00:21:44,960
what's symmetrical? Everything is balanced.

323
00:21:45,060 --> 00:21:48,380
Everything is organized. So the rules of writing,

324
00:21:48,780 --> 00:21:53,160
like a particular line, some feet, some syllabus,

325
00:21:53,260 --> 00:21:54,660
like 10 syllabus, 10 syllabus, 10 syllabus,

326
00:21:54,900 --> 00:21:58,160
they're generally taken from where? Inspired from

327
00:21:58,160 --> 00:22:01,760
nature. So they are not devised by anybody. They

328
00:22:01,760 --> 00:22:06,550
were discovered from If you count the syllables

329
00:22:06,550 --> 00:22:09,530
here, you'll find it. I think I can bring you a

330
00:22:09,530 --> 00:22:13,590
thousand lines by Alexander Papanol. Will be five

331
00:22:13,590 --> 00:22:15,850
feet, five feet, five feet, five feet. Strict

332
00:22:15,850 --> 00:22:19,310
about following. And this is a couplet. Why is

333
00:22:19,310 --> 00:22:24,650
this a couplet? When we speak about Alexander

334
00:22:24,650 --> 00:22:27,510
Pope, we usually speak about the heroic couplet.

335
00:22:27,930 --> 00:22:31,450
And a heroic couplet is basically a couplet. Like

336
00:22:31,450 --> 00:22:34,050
when you define a paragraph, you're studying

337
00:22:34,050 --> 00:22:38,990
writing now. A paragraph is a group of related

338
00:22:38,990 --> 00:22:44,550
sentences about one idea. So a couplet is two

339
00:22:44,550 --> 00:22:48,910
rhyming lines, ten syllables, one idea. Ten

340
00:22:48,910 --> 00:22:53,410
syllables or five feet. One idea. So Alexander

341
00:22:53,410 --> 00:22:55,690
Pope was one of the major poets who followed the

342
00:22:55,690 --> 00:22:57,970
rules of the Quran. They were adopted

343
00:23:02,450 --> 00:23:08,310
whose name is Horus. Also Horus did not invent the

344
00:23:08,310 --> 00:23:14,020
rules. studied poetry and came up with the rules

345
00:23:14,020 --> 00:23:17,580
of poetry, poetry writing. Were the rules

346
00:23:17,580 --> 00:23:21,440
different from the other rules? The old rules? You

347
00:23:21,440 --> 00:23:24,240
know, we took that the other, the old rules of the

348
00:23:24,240 --> 00:23:29,100
Qur'an were similar. Dryden, Samuel Johnson,

349
00:23:29,560 --> 00:23:33,540
Alexander Pomondosov were inspired by Horace, who

350
00:23:33,540 --> 00:23:38,500
was those poems, so they were imitating. Many of

351
00:23:38,500 --> 00:23:41,280
us people believe good poetry is good imitation,

352
00:23:41,580 --> 00:23:44,240
to imitate nature, because nature has everything

353
00:23:44,240 --> 00:23:47,620
there for us. Something that John Donne, for

354
00:23:47,620 --> 00:23:50,100
example, didn't like, and he wanted to change it.

355
00:23:51,320 --> 00:23:54,040
And he wrote several poems, you'll see two or

356
00:23:54,040 --> 00:23:57,740
three of them. One interesting poem by Alexander

357
00:23:57,740 --> 00:24:01,550
Pov is called And he say on man, you know he say,

358
00:24:01,930 --> 00:24:04,750
you write an essay, yeah an article, and he say

359
00:24:04,750 --> 00:24:08,090
it's generally prose. But he was fascinated with

360
00:24:08,090 --> 00:24:10,370
poetry, obsessed with poetry, that this is not

361
00:24:10,370 --> 00:24:14,450
prose, this is poetry, this is verse. Be careful.

362
00:24:14,590 --> 00:24:18,530
This could be a new exam. So if I tell you, a

363
00:24:18,530 --> 00:24:21,290
little learning is a dangerous thing, drink deep

364
00:24:21,290 --> 00:24:25,270
or taste not, the Pyrenean spring is a couplet, a

365
00:24:25,270 --> 00:24:28,850
heroic couplet by Alexander Pope from his article

366
00:24:28,850 --> 00:24:33,890
and essay on criticism. Everything is fine with

367
00:24:33,890 --> 00:24:38,210
the sentence, except the fact that this is not an

368
00:24:38,210 --> 00:24:43,050
article. It's a poem. So don't be tricked by the

369
00:24:43,050 --> 00:24:47,030
name. So what does he say here? He teaches poets.

370
00:24:47,190 --> 00:24:51,730
He preaches his ideology and what poetry should be

371
00:24:51,730 --> 00:24:55,390
about. Remember, for the rules of the Quran,

372
00:24:55,630 --> 00:24:58,710
literature has to teach and delight. When you read

373
00:24:58,710 --> 00:25:01,730
a poem, you have to learn something new, a wisdom,

374
00:25:02,270 --> 00:25:07,260
a moral lesson. So a little learning It's a

375
00:25:07,260 --> 00:25:09,200
dangerous thing. Have you ever heard of this

376
00:25:09,200 --> 00:25:11,820
before? Yeah. It's an English proverb, by the way.

377
00:25:11,920 --> 00:25:15,420
Yes. It's a wisdom. A little knowledge is a

378
00:25:15,420 --> 00:25:18,500
dangerous thing. Yes. If you know a little thing,

379
00:25:18,580 --> 00:25:21,300
if you read only, you know, we have this type of

380
00:25:21,300 --> 00:25:23,720
people all the time. People who read two books and

381
00:25:23,720 --> 00:25:27,280
they think they are knowledgeable and will read.

382
00:25:27,920 --> 00:25:31,840
Or people who read, like, the introductions to a

383
00:25:31,840 --> 00:25:35,230
hundred pages and hope they will be So he's

384
00:25:35,230 --> 00:25:38,490
criticizing those people. He's saying a little

385
00:25:38,490 --> 00:25:42,350
learning is a dangerous thing. You either learn a

386
00:25:42,350 --> 00:25:44,770
lot or better not to learn. Because if you don't

387
00:25:44,770 --> 00:25:48,290
learn, generally you might admit that you are

388
00:25:48,290 --> 00:25:52,030
uneducated, illiterate. But if you read two books

389
00:25:52,030 --> 00:25:56,070
and you think you are a poet or a writer or a

390
00:25:56,070 --> 00:26:00,170
political analyst, your analysis and everything

391
00:26:00,170 --> 00:26:04,090
might not be good or something. So what is his

392
00:26:04,090 --> 00:26:08,930
advice? Drink deep or taste not the Pyrene spring.

393
00:26:09,450 --> 00:26:11,450
You know what does spring mean?

394
00:26:14,390 --> 00:26:17,550
Pyrene is, I'll explain it, but what does spring

395
00:26:17,550 --> 00:26:21,490
mean? The full knowledge? No, don't read what is

396
00:26:21,490 --> 00:26:23,910
written in the book. It's not correct. Maybe the

397
00:26:23,910 --> 00:26:28,500
full knowledge? Spring, the word spring. Like

398
00:26:28,500 --> 00:26:30,380
spring, like summer and spring?

399
00:26:35,920 --> 00:26:40,020
Taste not. Drink deep or taste not. That's spring.

400
00:26:41,020 --> 00:26:44,620
Spring is a place where water flows.

401
00:26:47,840 --> 00:26:50,220
No. Spring.

402
00:26:52,660 --> 00:26:55,480
There's something called hot springs where hot

403
00:26:55,480 --> 00:27:00,690
water springs from the spring. So either you, the

404
00:27:00,690 --> 00:27:05,030
Perian spring is a metaphor for the spring of

405
00:27:05,030 --> 00:27:09,770
knowledge, education and everything. So you have

406
00:27:09,770 --> 00:27:13,450
two choices. You either drink deep, study hard,

407
00:27:14,850 --> 00:27:18,770
become an expert, or don't try. This is the idea.

408
00:27:18,930 --> 00:27:22,760
This is the advice. It's like I usually say this

409
00:27:22,760 --> 00:27:24,640
to my students. When you study English, you have

410
00:27:24,640 --> 00:27:26,820
to work very hard. If you finish four years of

411
00:27:26,820 --> 00:27:28,800
studying English and your English is still bad,

412
00:27:29,260 --> 00:27:33,560
it's really sad. So study

445
00:29:47,370 --> 00:29:50,210
Beowulf, always very long, about serious issues in

446
00:29:50,210 --> 00:29:53,850
the community. But in this poem, very long poem,

447
00:29:54,030 --> 00:29:55,830
I'm not sure how many lines, but it's very long,

448
00:29:56,970 --> 00:30:00,330
Alexander Pope is criticizing the trivial things

449
00:30:00,330 --> 00:30:04,200
of the society. In which like in Arabic culture we

450
00:30:04,200 --> 00:30:07,440
have Dahis or Ghabrar where there was like a 40

451
00:30:07,440 --> 00:30:12,160
year battle over you know two camels, was it two

452
00:30:12,160 --> 00:30:15,500
camels or two horses or something. In this story

453
00:30:15,500 --> 00:30:20,640
someone cuts a little girl's lock of hair and then

454
00:30:20,640 --> 00:30:24,060
all hell breaks loose. They start fighting and

455
00:30:24,060 --> 00:30:27,990
fighting and fighting. So what is he criticizing

456
00:30:27,990 --> 00:30:31,450
in the reign of the log? He's criticizing the

457
00:30:31,450 --> 00:30:35,350
trivial things in the society, this fake self

458
00:30:35,350 --> 00:30:40,020
-importance. how people pretend to be brave, but

459
00:30:40,020 --> 00:30:43,560
in reality, they are all only fighting about

460
00:30:43,560 --> 00:30:46,080
trivial things. There are no heroes in this age.

461
00:30:46,160 --> 00:30:48,860
There are no battles in this age. It's all fake,

462
00:30:49,420 --> 00:30:55,000
like Dryden said some probably 50 years or 60, 70

463
00:30:55,000 --> 00:30:58,900
years earlier. Okay? That's the name of the book.

464
00:30:58,940 --> 00:31:03,780
So what is a mock epic? What is an epic? A long

465
00:31:03,780 --> 00:31:05,760
poem about heroism.

466
00:31:11,180 --> 00:31:15,280
An epic about a trivial thing. It's an epic, it's

467
00:31:15,280 --> 00:31:18,300
a long poem that mocks, mocks means to mock

468
00:31:18,300 --> 00:31:21,300
something, to make fun of something. But there's

469
00:31:21,300 --> 00:31:24,220
also this when you do an exam, when you don't do

470
00:31:24,220 --> 00:31:27,460
the original, like sometimes you have to do a

471
00:31:27,460 --> 00:31:31,860
trial exam. It's called mock exam. Yes, mock test.

472
00:31:34,130 --> 00:31:36,990
So a mock epic, it's epic, but it's not an epic.

473
00:31:37,370 --> 00:31:40,330
Because you have like 1,000 lines, but what is it

474
00:31:40,330 --> 00:31:46,610
about? It's someone praising his mouse device. Or

475
00:31:46,610 --> 00:31:50,710
someone fighting, killing many people because they

476
00:31:50,710 --> 00:31:55,090
stole his marker, or about a trivial thing. We

477
00:31:55,090 --> 00:31:58,010
have this. In Gaza here, we have a lot of people

478
00:31:58,010 --> 00:32:01,350
who would fight and do horrible things only

479
00:32:01,350 --> 00:32:05,600
because someone It's something trivial and stupid.

480
00:32:06,220 --> 00:32:10,160
And that's a talent. This is an interesting poem

481
00:32:10,160 --> 00:32:13,880
to read about. Let's move to the more interesting

482
00:32:13,880 --> 00:32:17,780
poems, or poets of today. Number one is Mary

483
00:32:17,780 --> 00:32:21,760
Lacey. Actually, she's a lady. She was the wife

484
00:32:21,760 --> 00:32:24,660
of, I think, the British ambassador to Germany.

485
00:32:26,440 --> 00:32:28,100
Her name is Mary Montagu.

486
00:32:37,620 --> 00:32:42,900
So we have Aphra Behn, very manly, and now very

487
00:32:42,900 --> 00:32:46,940
muhtakim. She was also a satirist. She was also a

488
00:32:46,940 --> 00:32:49,580
poet. It is said here, it says in the book that

489
00:32:49,580 --> 00:32:52,040
she was a friend of Pope, but later on she became

490
00:32:52,040 --> 00:32:54,080
his enemy. I don't know why. It sounds

491
00:32:54,080 --> 00:32:58,010
interesting. But it's also interesting that

492
00:32:58,010 --> 00:33:02,690
Alexander Pope is a friend of the wife of the

493
00:33:02,690 --> 00:33:05,910
ambassador. So this is generally what poets did in

494
00:33:05,910 --> 00:33:08,990
this age. They wanted to be close to the

495
00:33:08,990 --> 00:33:12,770
royalties, to the court, to the people in power.

496
00:33:15,450 --> 00:33:19,950
In one of her poems in Aladdin, she told of that

497
00:33:19,950 --> 00:33:26,080
satire should like a polished razor keen. What's a

498
00:33:26,080 --> 00:33:30,340
razor? When men shave their beard, so they use

499
00:33:30,340 --> 00:33:34,260
razors, like razor, like very sharp, like a sharp

500
00:33:34,260 --> 00:33:40,100
knife. Like a razor keen, like sharp. Satire

501
00:33:40,100 --> 00:33:42,960
should be sharp like a razor. This is called a

502
00:33:42,960 --> 00:33:47,540
simile. Using as or like. It's a metaphor, but it

503
00:33:47,540 --> 00:33:56,870
uses like or as. Satire is like a razor. Want is a

504
00:33:56,870 --> 00:34:01,990
verb here. It wants, it should want. It wants with

505
00:34:01,990 --> 00:34:06,190
a touch that is scarcely felt or seen. That is

506
00:34:06,190 --> 00:34:08,510
scarce. It's barely. You don't feel it. You

507
00:34:08,510 --> 00:34:12,270
shouldn't feel it. In a way, she is saying that

508
00:34:12,270 --> 00:34:17,050
satire has to be subtle and indirect. Implicit. If

509
00:34:17,050 --> 00:34:19,950
you read it, you don't think, is she criticizing

510
00:34:19,950 --> 00:34:23,930
me or what is she saying here? And this is

511
00:34:23,930 --> 00:34:26,990
something that comes from a woman. In a way, if

512
00:34:26,990 --> 00:34:30,950
you read this text, if I didn't tell you this was

513
00:34:30,950 --> 00:34:34,570
written by a woman, you can't tell. Can you tell

514
00:34:34,570 --> 00:34:37,330
this was written by a woman? No. She didn't use

515
00:34:37,330 --> 00:34:41,730
words. No. Which proves the idea that women can

516
00:34:41,730 --> 00:34:46,760
write poetry like men exactly. There was this

517
00:34:46,760 --> 00:34:49,660
novelist 10 years ago who said, I read the first

518
00:34:49,660 --> 00:34:51,840
paragraph in a novel and I can't tell whether the

519
00:34:51,840 --> 00:34:54,500
writer is a woman or a man. And there was an

520
00:34:54,500 --> 00:34:58,140
uproar. Everyone's like, what? Come on. There are

521
00:34:58,140 --> 00:35:00,980
similarities. There are differences. But if you

522
00:35:00,980 --> 00:35:04,700
say women don't write as good as well as women,

523
00:35:05,120 --> 00:35:10,980
that's not true. Everyone has his or her own way

524
00:35:10,980 --> 00:35:16,560
and style. And finally today, Another Mary. So

525
00:35:16,560 --> 00:35:22,260
three Marys and one apple. Mary, leper or leaper.

526
00:35:23,900 --> 00:35:29,020
Was also a famous poet who sadly sadly died at the

527
00:35:29,020 --> 00:35:33,800
age of 24. How did she become famous? Because yeah

528
00:35:33,800 --> 00:35:36,800
she still became famous for some time. Maybe she

529
00:35:36,800 --> 00:35:39,060
became famous after her death? Generally yes.

530
00:35:39,300 --> 00:35:43,340
Generally yes. Her poems were published post

531
00:35:43,340 --> 00:35:46,280
-humously. This is a good word to know. You know

532
00:35:46,280 --> 00:35:53,340
post means after, post exam, post test, after. Pre

533
00:35:53,340 --> 00:35:56,980
-reading, post-reading. Posthumously, like John

534
00:35:56,980 --> 00:36:00,700
Donne. His poetry was mostly published after his

535
00:36:00,700 --> 00:36:04,080
death. You can say after his death or her death.

536
00:36:04,160 --> 00:36:06,360
But when you use the word posthumously, you sound

537
00:36:06,360 --> 00:36:09,560
like a sophisticated person who knows big words.

538
00:36:09,580 --> 00:36:10,700
I'm knowledgeable. Yeah?

539
00:36:13,760 --> 00:36:18,020
Listen, the book says she was influenced by Pope.

540
00:36:18,860 --> 00:36:21,620
And my question is, do you agree or do you

541
00:36:21,620 --> 00:36:25,360
disagree? She was influenced by, the book says,

542
00:36:26,120 --> 00:36:30,040
Mary Lippard was influenced by Alexander Pope. I

543
00:36:30,040 --> 00:36:34,720
want you to read this stanza extracted from a poem

544
00:36:34,720 --> 00:36:39,220
by Mary Lippard and tell me whether you see

545
00:36:39,220 --> 00:36:43,740
similarities or see influence by Alexander Pope or

546
00:36:43,740 --> 00:36:46,780
not. I'll give you one minute.

547
00:36:57,630 --> 00:36:58,970
a form, a theme.

548
00:37:03,110 --> 00:37:07,030
The speaker is a man by the way, but the author,

549
00:37:07,190 --> 00:37:09,290
the poet is a woman.

550
00:37:15,810 --> 00:37:20,310
Can you

551
00:37:20,310 --> 00:37:20,670
read someone?

552
00:37:23,580 --> 00:37:30,520
Now, ma'am, as the chat goes round,

553
00:37:30,960 --> 00:37:35,060
I hear you have ten thousand pounds, but that as I

554
00:37:35,060 --> 00:37:40,220
try to hold, give me your person, then you go, yet

555
00:37:40,220 --> 00:37:48,420
for your own sake, secured,

556
00:37:53,090 --> 00:37:56,590
I hope your house is too insured. Insured.

557
00:37:57,530 --> 00:38:01,750
Insured. Yeah. Someone else? Back, at the back.

558
00:38:02,150 --> 00:38:05,970
Okay. Now, madam, as a ... Can you raise your

559
00:38:05,970 --> 00:38:10,930
voice? Speak up. Now, madam, as a child goes back,

560
00:38:11,430 --> 00:38:14,350
I dream you have three thousand pounds, but then

561
00:38:14,350 --> 00:38:17,570
as I step on your house, give me your best and

562
00:38:17,570 --> 00:38:21,590
then you will go home. Is this for your sake? Safe

563
00:38:21,590 --> 00:38:25,910
and secured? Secured. I hope your house is secure.

564
00:38:25,930 --> 00:38:29,290
Houses to insure. Someone here, loudly, raise your

565
00:38:29,290 --> 00:38:32,490
voice please. Now madam, as the chat goes round, I

566
00:38:32,490 --> 00:38:37,770
hear you have ten thousand pounds, but that as I

567
00:38:37,770 --> 00:38:42,970
truffle gold, give me your person, then your gold,

568
00:38:43,450 --> 00:38:47,710
yet for your own sake it is secured, I hope your

569
00:38:47,710 --> 00:38:53,280
house is to insure. What do you think? The speaker

570
00:38:53,280 --> 00:38:56,600
is a man talking to a woman. What is he telling

571
00:38:56,600 --> 00:39:01,600
her? I think he's trying to deceive her. He's

572
00:39:01,600 --> 00:39:05,280
saying in the second line, I hear you have 10,000

573
00:39:05,280 --> 00:39:07,820
pounds, and then he's saying to her, give me your

574
00:39:07,820 --> 00:39:10,800
person. He's trying to own her. To own her. Oh,

575
00:39:11,300 --> 00:39:15,770
what an interesting reading. Very good reading. So

576
00:39:15,770 --> 00:39:19,130
there is a man trying to trick a woman to tell

577
00:39:19,130 --> 00:39:22,910
her, give me your money. And he's blunt, he's

578
00:39:22,910 --> 00:39:26,730
vulgar. He's not even trying to hide his deceit.

579
00:39:26,950 --> 00:39:29,470
He's openly talking to her thinking that a woman

580
00:39:29,470 --> 00:39:34,170
is not smart. So, now madam, as the chat goes

581
00:39:34,170 --> 00:39:37,530
around, I hear you have two thousand now. Meaning,

582
00:39:37,770 --> 00:39:39,950
figures, huh? Like a lot of money. You're hiding a

583
00:39:39,950 --> 00:39:43,870
lot of money. You're rich. But I as a trifle hold,

584
00:39:44,190 --> 00:39:46,670
give me your person because a woman generally was

585
00:39:46,670 --> 00:39:50,990
treated as an object, something to own. Give me

586
00:39:50,990 --> 00:39:54,810
your person, then you're gone. Yet for you, it's

587
00:39:54,810 --> 00:39:58,050
not for me. I don't want the money. I want you

588
00:39:58,050 --> 00:40:00,430
weak. You can't protect yourself. Maybe people

589
00:40:00,430 --> 00:40:02,810
will deceive you, trick you. Give me the money.

590
00:40:03,230 --> 00:40:06,850
I'll hide it for you. It's like mothers when they

591
00:40:06,850 --> 00:40:12,620
give you the idea. How much money have you given

592
00:40:12,620 --> 00:40:18,920
your mom so far? A lot. Where is this money? It's

593
00:40:18,920 --> 00:40:23,040
gone. So it's for your sake. It's secured. I'll

594
00:40:23,040 --> 00:40:25,440
secure it for you. I don't want it. I want to

595
00:40:25,440 --> 00:40:28,220
protect you. A woman can't live without a man's

596
00:40:28,220 --> 00:40:33,380
protection. I hold your houses to ensure you have

597
00:40:33,380 --> 00:40:35,740
houses and that they are insured or I can take

598
00:40:35,740 --> 00:40:38,400
them to make sure that they are safe. This is

599
00:40:38,400 --> 00:40:42,500
again satire from a woman to not only to one man

600
00:40:42,500 --> 00:40:45,060
but also to men in general and how they treat

601
00:40:45,060 --> 00:40:47,520
women, how they think women are not smart, are not

602
00:40:47,520 --> 00:40:49,680
intelligent, but that they always need a man to

603
00:40:49,680 --> 00:40:53,400
protect them, to save them, to make that

604
00:40:53,400 --> 00:40:58,500
everything they have is secure. The theme is women

605
00:40:58,500 --> 00:41:01,700
being smart and powerful. She's giving voice to

606
00:41:01,700 --> 00:41:04,260
women like Aphra Behn. She's empowering women like

607
00:41:04,260 --> 00:41:09,240
Mary Manley. She's insisting that women are as

608
00:41:09,240 --> 00:41:13,200
smart as men and even smarter. So the theme is

609
00:41:13,200 --> 00:41:17,040
different from Alexander Pope. So this is a woman

610
00:41:17,040 --> 00:41:21,840
writing for women about women issues. Do we have

611
00:41:21,840 --> 00:41:26,620
the heroic couplet here? Grammatically speaking,

612
00:41:26,780 --> 00:41:30,840
this is pounds. Thousand pounds. A poetic license

613
00:41:30,840 --> 00:41:31,580
for the rhyme.

614
00:41:34,620 --> 00:41:39,200
Is it

615
00:41:39,200 --> 00:41:45,160
a heroic couplet? Do we have five feet? Four?

616
00:41:51,690 --> 00:41:54,610
not following, if she is influenced by Alexander

617
00:41:54,610 --> 00:41:58,330
Pope, she's not following him one hundred percent.

618
00:41:59,330 --> 00:42:05,950
What is the conclusion here? Women have always

619
00:42:05,950 --> 00:42:12,170
written excellent literature. If they were

620
00:42:12,170 --> 00:42:16,490
published later on, it wasn't their fault. There

621
00:42:16,490 --> 00:42:18,630
must have been poets earlier, probably during

622
00:42:18,630 --> 00:42:20,810
Shakespeare, after, even before, a thousand years.

623
00:42:21,170 --> 00:42:24,430
But usually, the society would ignore them, would

624
00:42:24,430 --> 00:42:27,790
neglect them. One, because they are women. Two,

625
00:42:27,850 --> 00:42:30,650
because generally women, like we've seen here, are

626
00:42:30,650 --> 00:42:37,030
harsh critics of male superiority. So here,

627
00:42:38,410 --> 00:42:41,850
generally when you speak about the woman, how they

628
00:42:41,850 --> 00:42:44,850
explore new ideas, how they centralize and

629
00:42:44,850 --> 00:42:50,010
criticize and attack men all the time, and most

630
00:42:50,010 --> 00:42:53,370
importantly, how they would usually be critical of

631
00:42:53,370 --> 00:42:57,350
male superiority, fake male superiority in the

632
00:42:57,350 --> 00:43:00,430
society. And perhaps that's