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1
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ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ุงู„ ..
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ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† bacterial morphology
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and cell structure ูˆุชุญุฏุซู†ุง ุนู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠ
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ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆุจูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ู… ูƒ synonymous ูŠุนู†ูŠ
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ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุจูŠุฏู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ุŒ ู…ุนุงู†ูŠู‡ู…
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ู…ุฎุชู„ููŠู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆุจูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠ
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ูƒูˆู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฏูู‘ุฒู‚ ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ููƒุงู† ูŠุนุฑู ุงู„ูƒู„ ุจุงู„ุฏูู‘ุฒู‚
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ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ููƒุงู† ูŠุนุฑู ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ูˆุจุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูˆุง
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ุฃู† ู…ุนุธู… ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠ ุจุชุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงู„
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cell structure ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูู†ุฌุงูŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช
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ูˆุจูŠุนุทูˆู‡ุง ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฌุฏู‹ุง
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ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู…ู‚ุงูŠูŠุณู†ุง
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ุจุงู„ู…ุชุฑ ูˆุจุงู„ุณู†ุชูŠู…ุชุฑ ูˆ ุจุงู„ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ุฏุฑุชู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ..
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ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุชุจุนุชู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒ ุจูŠู† ู†ู‚ุทุชูŠู† ู…ุฎุชู„ูุชูŠู† ุญุฏ
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ู…ุง ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง resolution ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ
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ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ู†ู‚ุทุชูŠู† ุนู„ูŠู†ู‡ู… ู†ู‚ุทุชูŠู† ูˆุงู†ูุตู„ุชู‡ู…
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ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ resolution power ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ู†ู‚ู„ุนุชู‡ ููŠ
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ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจูŠ .. ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจ ุงู„ุถูˆุฆูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฏุณุงุช
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุจู‚ู‰ resolution
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00:01:35,730 --> 00:01:39,970
ูˆุฃุฐูƒุฑูƒู… ุจุฃู† ุงู„ู€ size ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ ู…ู„ูŠู…ูŠุชุฑ ุตุบูŠุฑ
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00:01:39,970 --> 00:01:46,090
ุฎุงู„ุต ูุจุงู„ูƒ ู„ูˆ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ู ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู„ูŠู…ูŠุชุฑ
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00:01:46,090 --> 00:01:52,050
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ micro meter ู„ู† ู†ุฑุงู‡ ู„ู† ู†ุฑุงู‡ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†
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ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุนุดุฑ ุฃุณ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุณุชุฉ ู…ุด ุนุดุฑ ุฃุณ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุฃุณ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุณุชุฉ
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู„ูŠู…ูŠุชุฑ ู„ู† ู†ุฑุงู‡ ุฃุจุฏุง ุญุชู‰
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ุจุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ ุฅุฐุง ู†ุนูŠู†ุง ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ
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00:02:05,290 --> 00:02:09,610
ุงู„ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆู†ุงุช ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆู† ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆู…ูŠุชุฑ
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ุฃูˆ ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆู…ูŠุชุฑ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนุดุฑ ุฃุณ ู†ุงู‚ุต
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ุซู„ุงุซ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู„ู ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู„ู ุงู„ nanometer
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00:02:17,810 --> 00:02:21,930
ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุนุดุฑ ุฃุณ ุณุชุฉ ุฃูˆ ุนุดุฑ ุฃุณ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุณุชุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
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00:02:21,930 --> 00:02:24,950
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฅุฐุง ุงู„
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nanometer ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ micro meter ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
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ุชุจุนุชู†ุง ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง ุจู†ุฌูŠุฒู‡ุง ุจุงู„ micro meter ุจุงู„ micro
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meter ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฑุคูŠุชู‡ุง ุจุงู„ light microscope
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ู„ูƒู† ุฏูˆู† ุชูุงุตูŠู„ุŒ ุฏูˆู† ุชูุงุตูŠู„ุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุชูุงุตูŠู„
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ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจุงู„ nano meter ูุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ microscope ุฃู‚ูˆู‰
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ electron microscopeุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ size ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
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00:02:49,320 --> 00:02:53,980
ุดุนูˆุฑ ุจุงู„ุญุฌู…ุŒ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† millimeterุŒ ูˆูŠู† ุฌุฏุด ุงู„
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millimeterุŸ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุธูุฑ ุชุจุนุชู†ุงุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ูŠุฏูˆูƒ
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ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุŒ ู…ุตุจูˆุทุŸ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุจู€ 1000 ู…ุฑุฉ
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ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏู†ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง sense of feeling ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุญุฌูˆู… ูˆ
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ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุนู† ุงู„ size ูˆ
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00:03:12,670 --> 00:03:15,330
ุฃู† ุงู„ size ุตุบูŠุฑ ูˆ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง
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00:03:15,330 --> 00:03:18,130
ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ morphology ุฏู‡ ู„ุงุญุธุชูˆุง ูŠุง ุนุฒูŠุฒูŠ ููŠ
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ุงู„ุงุจุชุฏุงุฆูŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฅุนุฏุงุฏูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ูƒุฑูˆูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ
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00:03:22,550 --> 00:03:26,630
ุนุตูˆูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ spiral ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุณู„ุงุฑ ุฃูˆ
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00:03:26,630 --> 00:03:31,590
spiral ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุชูุงุตูŠู„ it is not
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only the morphology that is matter ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„
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arrangement ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ arrangement ู„ุญุธูˆุง ู‡ู†ุง
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00:03:37,650 --> 00:03:40,850
ููŠ ุฎู„ูŠุชูŠู† ุฌุงู†ุจ ุจุนุถ ู…ู„ุงุฒู…ูŠู† ุจุนุถ ููŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู†
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00:03:40,850 --> 00:03:45,230
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ููƒูˆูŠุณ ุฅู† ู†ุนุฑู
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ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงุณุชุซู†ุงุก ู…ูŠู† ู…ุด ู„ุงุจุณ
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ู†ุธุงุฑุฉ ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงุณุชุซู†ุงุก
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00:03:53,530 --> 00:03:57,690
ู…ูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู„ุง ูŠู…ุชู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
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00:03:57,690 --> 00:04:01,410
ู„ุง ูŠู…ุชู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูุฉ ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู… ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ุฃูˆ positive
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00:04:01,410 --> 00:04:08,430
ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฅู† ู‡ูŠ ุตูุฉ ูˆุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุชู…ุชู„ูƒ
56
00:04:08,430 --> 00:04:12,550
ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… X ุฃูˆ ู„ุง ุชู…ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰
57
00:04:12,550 --> 00:04:17,410
ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… X ู‡ูŠ ุตูุฉ ุณูˆุงุก ุตูุฉ ุณู„ุจูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุตูุฉ ุฅูŠุฌุงุจูŠุฉ
58
00:04:17,410 --> 00:04:21,110
ุชุนุชุจุฑ ุตูุฉ ูˆุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุซู…ุงุฑ
59
00:04:21,110 --> 00:04:27,130
ุฏุจู„ูˆูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ ู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ู…ุง ุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุฏุจู„ูˆูƒูˆูƒุณุงูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
60
00:04:27,130 --> 00:04:31,930
ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุณุชุฑุจุชูˆูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ
61
00:04:32,550 --> 00:04:37,910
ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ tetrads ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุงุช Tetrads
62
00:04:37,910 --> 00:04:44,550
ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ clusters ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนู†ุงู‚ูŠุฏ ูˆุชุณู…ู‰
63
00:04:44,550 --> 00:04:48,650
Staphylococcus
64
00:04:48,650 --> 00:04:54,290
ุทุจ ู‡ู†ุถูŠู ู„ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ Staphylococci Tetrads ู…ุงู„ู‡ุงุด ู„ู„ุฃุณู
65
00:04:54,290 --> 00:04:58,030
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู†ูุนุด ู…ุนู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุทุน ู„ูƒู† ุณุชุฑุจุชูˆูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ
66
00:04:58,030 --> 00:05:02,080
ูˆ Diplococci ุจูŠู†ูุน ู…ุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุทุน ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุญุงู„ู†ุง ู„ูˆ
67
00:05:02,080 --> 00:05:06,160
ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ arrangement ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ุฃุนุทุชู†ุง
68
00:05:06,160 --> 00:05:11,240
ุฃุณู…ุงุก ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ุฃุนุทุชู†ุง ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ุฅุฐู‹ุงุŒ
69
00:05:11,240 --> 00:05:17,460
SizeุŒ ุดูƒู„ุŒ ArrangementุŒ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู„ุจุณู„ุงู„ูŠุŒ ุงู„ rods
70
00:05:17,460 --> 00:05:21,080
ุนู†ุฏูŠุŒ ููŠ ุดุงู ุชู„ุงุญุธูŠู†ุŒ single cellุŒ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ุงุŒ
71
00:05:21,080 --> 00:05:25,220
ู…ุงููŠุด ุฃูŠ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ู…ุน ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ
72
00:05:25,220 --> 00:05:29,760
ู†ูˆุน ุชุงู†ูŠุŒ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุฏุจู„ูˆ ุจุณู„ุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุฏูŠุŒ ู…ุด ุฏุจู„ูˆ
73
00:05:29,760 --> 00:05:33,850
ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุง ุจู…ูŠู† ุจุงู„
74
00:05:33,850 --> 00:05:38,570
ุณุชุฑุจุชูˆ ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุณุชุฑุจุชูˆ ุจุงุณูŠู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุงุฌุฉ unique ู‡ูŠ
75
00:05:38,570 --> 00:05:44,710
ุฏุจู„ุฉ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ ูˆู„ุง ุฏุจู„ุฉ ุจุงุณูŠู„ู„ูŠ ูˆู„ุง ุจุงุณูŠู„ู„ูŠ ูˆู„ุง ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠุฉ
76
00:05:44,710 --> 00:05:50,910
ู…ุงุฎุฏุฉ ุดูƒู„ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุชุณู…ู‰ ูƒูˆูƒูˆ ุจุงุณูŠู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
77
00:05:50,910 --> 00:05:54,970
ุจุงุณูŠู„ู„ูŠ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุงุฎุฏุฉ ุดูƒู„ ูƒูˆูƒุณุงูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุณุงูŠุฉ ู…ุงุฎุฏุฉ ุดูƒู„
78
00:05:54,970 --> 00:06:00,980
ุจุงุณูŠู„ู„ูŠ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู†ู‡ุง ุชุญุช ุงู„ ุจุงุณูŠู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุชุตู†ูŠูู‡ุง
79
00:06:00,980 --> 00:06:06,900
ุชู†ุชู…ูŠ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ุจุณู„ูŠู† ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ structure ุชุจุน
80
00:06:06,900 --> 00:06:12,180
ุงู„ cell wall ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุณู„ูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุณุฑ ููŠ
81
00:06:12,180 --> 00:06:15,840
ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ููŠู†ุง ุงู„ spiral ุงู„ spiral ุฏู‡ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง
82
00:06:15,840 --> 00:06:20,100
ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒู… ูƒุงู… turn ููŠู‡ุง ูƒุงู… ู„ู ูŠุนู†ูŠ
83
00:06:20,100 --> 00:06:25,720
ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุฃูƒูˆุงุณ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุทุจ ุชุนุงู„ูˆุง
84
00:06:25,720 --> 00:06:31,460
ุชุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุชุญุชู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุซู„ุงุซุฉุŒ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŒ
85
00:06:31,460 --> 00:06:37,580
ุฎู…ุณุฉุŒ ุณุชุฉุŒ ุณุจุนุฉุŒ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุชู… ุชุตู†ูŠูู‡ู…
86
00:06:37,580 --> 00:06:42,160
ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ุฅูŠุด Spiral ุทุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ู ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
87
00:06:42,160 --> 00:06:44,640
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุฑุณุชูˆู‡ุง ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุจุงุณู…
88
00:06:44,640 --> 00:06:50,160
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุถู…ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ูˆุนูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ Vibrio ุฎุฏ
89
00:06:50,160 --> 00:06:57,890
ุจุงู„ูƒูˆุง ุดูƒู„ุงู‹ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุตู†ูู‡ุง ุชุญุช ุงู„ spiral ุดูƒู„ุงู‹ ู„ูƒู† ุทุจูŠุงู‹
90
00:06:57,890 --> 00:07:01,490
ู…ุตู†ูู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุญู…ูŠู† ุชุญุช ุงู„ Basel Light ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ููŠ
91
00:07:01,490 --> 00:07:04,330
ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ู„ู…ูŠู‡ ู…ุฑุถู‡ ู„ู„ Basel Light ู„ูƒู†
92
00:07:04,330 --> 00:07:08,990
Basel Light ู…ู†ุญู†ู‰ .. Basel Light ู…ู†ุญู†ู‰ ุทูŠุจ ุณู†ุญู†ุง
93
00:07:08,990 --> 00:07:14,150
ุงู„ุขู† ุชู„ุช ุดุบู„ุงุช ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง .. ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู…ุงุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ .. Size
94
00:07:14,150 --> 00:07:17,130
.. ูˆู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู… ูˆุฃู†ุง ุณุฃู„ูƒูˆุง ุณุคุงู„ ุจุณูŠุท ุฌุฏู‹ุง .. ูˆ
95
00:07:17,130 --> 00:07:20,030
ุฃู†ุชู… ุตุบุงุฑ .. ูˆุฃู†ุชู… ุตุบุงุฑ .. ูˆุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ .. ู„ูˆ
96
00:07:20,030 --> 00:07:23,450
ุฌุณุฏูƒู… ุจุงู„ู…ุชุฑ ูˆุฃู†ุชู… ุตุบุงุฑ .. ู‡ุชุนุทูˆุง ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู…ุฎุชู„ู
97
00:07:23,450 --> 00:07:27,840
.. ู…ุน ุฃู†ูƒู… human .. ู…ู† ูˆุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู‰ ุงู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูƒู…
98
00:07:27,840 --> 00:07:31,560
ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† your size is age dependentุŒ age
99
00:07:31,560 --> 00:07:33,800
dependentุŒ ู…ุนุชู…ุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูƒุฐู„ูƒ
100
00:07:33,800 --> 00:07:38,200
ุงู„ุนู…ุฑุŒ ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ุฃูˆ ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู†
101
00:07:38,200 --> 00:07:43,580
ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ูุงู„ size ุจู‡ุง ูŠุฎุชู„ู age ุฑู‚ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ
102
00:07:43,580 --> 00:07:48,180
ู„ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุญุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ููŠ nutrient rich mediaุŒ
103
00:07:48,180 --> 00:07:53,650
ูˆุณุท ุบู†ูŠ ุจุงู„ุบุฐุงุก ูˆู†ูุณ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู†ุณุฎุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุญู‚ู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ
104
00:07:53,650 --> 00:07:57,310
nutrient poor media ู‡ู„ ุชุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฅู† ุงู„ size ุชุจู‚ู‰
105
00:07:57,310 --> 00:08:01,630
ู…ุนุงูƒู… ูˆุงุญุฏุŸ ุฅู† ุงู„ size is a variable ูŠุนู†ูŠ age
106
00:08:01,630 --> 00:08:05,030
dependent ูˆ nutrient dependent ุทุจ ู„ูŠุด nutrient
107
00:08:05,030 --> 00:08:09,670
dependentุŸ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุฏู‡ุง ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ูˆูˆูุฑู†ุง ู„ู‡ุงุด ุงุญู†ุง
108
00:08:09,670 --> 00:08:13,290
ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุงููŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฅู†ู‡ู… ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุญุงุฌุจูŠู† ุฃูˆ
109
00:08:13,290 --> 00:08:20,610
ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุญุงุฌุจูŠู† ุฃุตุบุฑ ุจุนุฏูŠู† shape ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† cell. ุงู„ู„ูŠ
110
00:08:20,610 --> 00:08:24,090
ุจูŠู‡ู…ู†ูŠ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุฃู†ุง ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃุนุฑู ุฅู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจูƒู„
111
00:08:24,090 --> 00:08:30,450
ุจุณุงุทุฉ ุชุญุช ุงู„ microscope can exhibit one of the
112
00:08:30,450 --> 00:08:33,270
three forms ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุนู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ bauxite ูˆ
113
00:08:33,270 --> 00:08:37,270
ุงู„ุจูŠุณู„ุงุฌ ูˆ ุงู„ spiral ูƒู…ุงู† ุดุบู„ ู…ู‡ู… ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฅู† ุงู„
114
00:08:37,270 --> 00:08:42,210
arrangement ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ ุฏูŠุจู„ูˆู…ุง ูˆู„ุง ุณุชุฑุจุชูˆ ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
115
00:08:42,210 --> 00:08:46,550
ุงู„ุงุณุชูุงู„ุฉ ูˆูƒุฏู‡ ุฃูˆ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุจูŠุณู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃู‡ู… ููŠ
116
00:08:46,550 --> 00:08:50,630
ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุซูŠู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ูˆุฃู† ุฃุฑุฌูˆ ุฅู†
117
00:08:50,630 --> 00:08:53,430
ุชุฑูƒุฒูˆุง ู…ุนุงู‡ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ู…ุณุฌู„ุฉ ูˆุจุชุงู„ูŠ
118
00:08:53,430 --> 00:08:57,110
ู‡ุชู‚ุนุฏูˆู‡ุง ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุซุงู„ุซุฉ ูˆุงู„ presentation ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
119
00:08:57,110 --> 00:09:00,310
available ูˆุฑูˆุดูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ group ุชุจุนุชู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„
120
00:09:00,310 --> 00:09:07,970
facebook ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ู‚ุงุนุฉ ููŠ internal stuff ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุทูˆู„ุงุช
121
00:09:07,970 --> 00:09:12,350
ูˆุฎุฒุงู†ุงุช ุจุงู„ุงุฏู…ูŠู† ูƒุงู…ูŠุฑุงุช ูˆููŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุฌุฏุงุฑ ูˆูˆุฑุง
122
00:09:12,350 --> 00:09:17,370
ุงู„ุฌุฏุงุฑ ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชุจุนุฏู†ุงู‡ุง
123
00:09:17,370 --> 00:09:21,770
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ุงุนุฏูŠู† ููŠู‡ุง ุจู†ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰
124
00:09:21,770 --> 00:09:26,370
internal ูˆ external structures ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูุตู„ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ู…ูŠู†
125
00:09:26,370 --> 00:09:31,670
ุงู„ุฌุฏุงุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุถูŠุน ุชุญุฏุซู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆูƒุงูŠูˆุช ุชู…ุชู„ูƒ
126
00:09:31,670 --> 00:09:37,710
ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุง ูŠู…ูŠุฒู‡ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ structure
127
00:09:37,710 --> 00:09:43,070
ุงุณู…ู‡ ุจูŠุจtidoglycan ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุบูŠุฑ
128
00:09:43,070 --> 00:09:48,980
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏ ุนู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุจูŠุจtidoglycan ุฅู„ุง
129
00:09:48,980 --> 00:09:52,920
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุจุงุชุงุช ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง cell wall ู„ูƒู†
130
00:09:52,920 --> 00:09:55,480
ุงู„ู†ุจุงุชุงุช ู…ูƒูˆู‘ู†ุฉ ุงู„ cell wall ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุญุงู„ู…ูŠู† ู…ู†
131
00:09:55,480 --> 00:10:00,540
cellulose ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ cell wall ู„ูƒู† ุจูŠุฎุชู„ู
132
00:10:00,540 --> 00:10:04,440
ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุนู† ุงู„ู†ุจุงุชุงุช ูˆุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
133
00:10:04,440 --> 00:10:07,700
ูุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุง ูŠู…ูŠุฒู‡ุง ุงู„ ุจูŠุจtidoglycan ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง
134
00:10:07,700 --> 00:10:11,500
ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ internal ูˆููŠ external ุชุนุงู„ูˆุง ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
135
00:10:11,500 --> 00:10:15,640
external ุฅูŠุด ุทุงู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ cell wall ู‡ู†ุงุŸ Flagella
136
00:10:16,190 --> 00:10:21,390
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุณูˆุงุท ุทุงู„ุน ู…ู†ู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุญูุธุฉ
137
00:10:21,390 --> 00:10:24,850
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณู…ุชูˆู‡ุง ุฃู†ุชูˆ ุจุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง capsule
138
00:10:24,850 --> 00:10:30,050
ุทุงู„ุน ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูƒู…ุงู† fimbriae ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
139
00:10:30,050 --> 00:10:33,950
ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุถุฑุฉ ูƒู…ุงู† ุฅูŠุด ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ุจุงู„ุฑุงุญุฉ
140
00:10:33,950 --> 00:10:38,410
ู„ูŠุณุช organ motility ู„ูŠุณุช ู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง
141
00:10:38,410 --> 00:10:42,160
ู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู…ู†ุŸ ุงู„ูู„ุงุฌูŠู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ Capsule ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
142
00:10:42,160 --> 00:10:44,600
ุถุงูŠู ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฑุงูƒูŠุจู‡ุง ูˆ ุงู„ู€ ... ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Pili ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
143
00:10:44,600 --> 00:10:49,280
ุถุงูŠู ู„ูƒู† ู†ุนุฑู ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชุฑุงูƒูŠุจ Pili Flagella ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
144
00:10:49,280 --> 00:10:54,000
ุงู„ู€ Capsule ู†ุฌูŠ ู„ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ุฅูŠุด ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ cell
145
00:10:54,000 --> 00:10:59,300
wall ู…ู† ุฌูˆุงุŸ ุงู„ุจูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏู‡ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ cell
146
00:10:59,300 --> 00:11:04,540
membrane ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุฑู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุฑู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ lipids ู…ู† ุงู„
147
00:11:04,540 --> 00:11:08,100
lipids ูˆููŠู‡ุง ุดูˆูŠุฉ proteins ููŠู‡ุง ุดูˆูŠุฉ proteins
148
00:11:08,100 --> 00:11:12,420
ุจุณู…ูˆู‡ุง cell membrane ุฃูˆ cytoplasmic membrane ุฏุฑุณุชูˆู‡ุง ุจุนุฏูŠู†
149
00:11:12,420 --> 00:11:16,660
ุฌูˆุง ููŠู‡ cytoplasm ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ cytoplasm ููŠ ุงู„
150
00:11:16,660 --> 00:11:21,800
cytoplasm ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุฃู‡ู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ chromosome ุงู„ู„ูŠ
151
00:11:21,800 --> 00:11:25,160
ุฌุงูŠุฉ ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆุงุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ู…ุง ูŠุดุจู‡ ุงู„ู†ูˆุงุฉ
152
00:11:25,160 --> 00:11:29,580
Nucleoid ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ุด ู†ูˆุงุฉ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ูู…ู†ู‡ุง Nucleoid ูˆููŠู‡ุง
153
00:11:29,580 --> 00:11:33,820
ุงู„ chromosome ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ one circular single
154
00:11:33,820 --> 00:11:38,680
chromosome ุฅูŠุด ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุงู…ู„ูŠู† ุงู„ู€ ...ุงู„ุฑูŠุจูˆุฒูˆู…ุงุช
155
00:11:38,680 --> 00:11:42,460
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ู… 70SุŒ ุฎู…ุณูŠู†ุŒ
156
00:11:42,460 --> 00:11:46,520
ุซู„ุงุซูŠู†ุŒ ูุงูƒุฑูŠู†ุŸ ูˆููŠ granules ุจุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ู‡ู†ุง ุฃูˆ
157
00:11:46,520 --> 00:11:50,420
ุงู„ุจุฑู…ู„ูŠ ุญุฌู… granulesุŒ ุงู„ู€ granules ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง
158
00:11:50,420 --> 00:11:53,280
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุทู„ุนุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุชุŒ ุจู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุฎุฒู† ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ู„ุณุจูˆุน ุฃูˆ
159
00:11:53,280 --> 00:11:57,260
ุฃุณุงุจูŠุนุŒ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชุญุงูˆู„ ุชุฎุฒู† ุจุนุถ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุฃุบุฐูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ
160
00:11:57,260 --> 00:12:03,500
ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ู„ุงุฒู…ู‡ุง ู„ุฃุบุฑุงุถ ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ุจุชุฎุฒูŠู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุญุจูŠุจุงุช
161
00:12:03,500 --> 00:12:08,120
ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง inclusion bodies ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฃูˆ granular
162
00:12:08,120 --> 00:12:13,680
inclusion ุญุจูŠุจุงุช ุฌู†ุฉ ุชุฎุฒูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููƒุฑุฉ ุนู†
163
00:12:13,680 --> 00:12:17,780
ุงู„ุชุฑุงูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุฑุงูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุณ ููŠู‡ุง ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ
164
00:12:17,780 --> 00:12:22,440
ู…ุด ุฐุงูƒุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฏุฑุณ ู…ุง ุญุงู„ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุดูƒู„ ุฏุงุฆุฑูŠ ุญุงู„
165
00:12:22,440 --> 00:12:28,500
ุงุณู…ู‡ุง plasma ู‡ู„ ู‡ุชุทู„ุน ุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุจุตุฑุŸ ู„ุฃ ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง
166
00:12:28,500 --> 00:12:32,600
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุฑุงูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุฑุงูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
167
00:12:32,600 --> 00:12:36,020
ุชุตู†ูŠู
168
00:12:36,020 --> 00:12:41,960
ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ ูˆุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ููŠู‡
169
00:12:41,960 --> 00:12:45,620
essential component ูˆููŠู‡ special structures ุชุฑุงูƒูŠุจ
170
00:12:45,620 --> 00:12:50,460
ุฎุงุตุฉ ุบุงู„ุจุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏูˆู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุง ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ู…ุนูŠุดุฉ
171
00:12:50,460 --> 00:12:54,330
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนูŠุด ุจุฏูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุฑุงูƒูŠุจ ุฒูŠ
172
00:12:54,330 --> 00:12:57,790
ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„ ูˆุงู„ู€ fimbriae ูˆุงู„ู€ Pili ูˆุงู„ู€ spores ู„ูƒู† ุจุฏูˆู†
173
00:12:57,790 --> 00:13:01,750
cell wall ุตุนุจ ุฌุฏุง ุจุฏูˆู† cell membrane ุตุนุจ ุจุฏูˆู†
174
00:13:01,750 --> 00:13:05,590
cytoplasm ุตุนุจ ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ ุจุฏูˆู† nuclear material ุฃูŠุถุง
175
00:13:05,590 --> 00:13:09,630
ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ ูˆุตู„ุช ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุตู†ูู†ุงู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฑุงูƒูŠุจ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ
176
00:13:09,630 --> 00:13:15,430
ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุชุฑุงูƒูŠุจ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุฎุงุตุฉ
177
00:13:15,430 --> 00:13:20,330
ุชูˆู‚ููˆุง ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ ูˆุฑูƒุฒูˆุง ู…ุนุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชูƒู„ู…ู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ูˆ
178
00:13:20,330 --> 00:13:23,450
ุงู„ุฃู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง
179
00:13:23,450 --> 00:13:27,290
ู‡ุฃุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ cell wall ูˆุฑูƒุฒูˆุง ู…ุนุงู‡ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูˆ
180
00:13:27,290 --> 00:13:33,150
ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุชุจุน
181
00:13:33,150 --> 00:13:36,650
ุงู„ cell wall ุชุจุน ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ุง
182
00:13:36,650 --> 00:13:42,210
ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุณูˆุงุก ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ
183
00:13:42,210 --> 00:13:47,930
ุงุณู…ู‡ peptidoglycan ู…ู…ุง ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ peptidoglycan
184
00:13:47,930 --> 00:13:58,780
ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†ู‡ ุณูƒุฑูŠู† ู†ุฎุชุตุฑู‡ู… NAM ูˆ NAG NAM ูˆ NAG ู†ุงุฎุฏ
185
00:13:58,780 --> 00:14:12,840
ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ุญุฑููŠู† ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ู„ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ุชุงู†ูŠ ู†ู…ุณุญ
186
00:14:12,840 --> 00:14:15,660
ุงู„ู€ NAM ูˆุงู„ู€ NAG ูˆู†ุดูˆู ูƒูŠู ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ
187
00:14:50,940 --> 00:14:52,340
ู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฌ
188
00:14:52,500 --> 00:14:56,540
ุชูƒุชููŠ ุจุทุจู‚ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ peptidoglycan ูˆุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุฃุฎุฑู‰
189
00:14:56,540 --> 00:15:03,140
ุจุฏู‡ุง multiple layers ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ุง
190
00:15:03,140 --> 00:15:08,320
ุทุจู‚ุงุช ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ุทุจู‚ุงุช ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ู…ุง ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑุด ุชุญุท
191
00:15:08,320 --> 00:15:14,260
ุทุจู‚ุฉ ููˆู‚ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ู„ุฅู† ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุถุนูŠู ุฌุฏุง ู„ุงุฒู…
192
00:15:14,260 --> 00:15:15,200
ูŠุทู„ุน
193
00:15:21,290 --> 00:15:26,310
ุฃุฑุจุน amino acid ูˆุฃุฑุจุน amino acid ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ NAM ูˆุงู„ู€ NAG
194
00:15:26,310 --> 00:15:30,590
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุชูŠู† ุชู…ุงู… ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู… ุฅูŠุด ุฃุฑุจุน ุจุงู„ู„ุงุชูŠู†ูŠ
195
00:15:30,590 --> 00:15:35,930
Tetra Tetra peptide ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุจุชูŠุฏ ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุฃุฑุจุน amino
196
00:15:35,930 --> 00:15:42,670
acids ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ NAM ูˆุงู„ู€ NAG ูˆุจูŠุฑุจุท ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…
197
00:15:42,670 --> 00:15:51,950
another peptide ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑุงุจุท ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ cross link cross
198
00:15:51,950 --> 00:15:59,930
link ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ู…ุง ููŠุด cross link ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉ ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ
199
00:15:59,930 --> 00:16:02,230
collapsed ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุชู†ุฒู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉ
200
00:16:02,230 --> 00:16:08,870
ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ cell wall ูู‚ุท ูˆุงุถูŠูุชู‡ ูู‚ุท ูˆุงุถูŠูุชู‡ ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ
201
00:16:08,870 --> 00:16:13,170
ุจุนุถ ุงู„ antibiotics ุชู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชู…ู†ุน ุชูƒูˆูŠู†
202
00:16:13,170 --> 00:16:18,150
ุงู„ cross link ูˆุตู„ุช ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูŠุด ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
203
00:16:18,150 --> 00:16:23,240
ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ cell wall ุจูˆุถุญ ู„ูŠ ูƒูŠู ุจุนุถ ุงู„
204
00:16:23,240 --> 00:16:26,580
antibiotics ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ูˆุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฏุฑุงุณุชู†ุง ูŠุง ุจู†ุงุช ุฅุญู†ุง
205
00:16:26,580 --> 00:16:30,400
ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุฑุฌุน ุนุงุฑููŠู† ูƒูŠู ุงู„ antibiotics ุจุชุคุฏูŠ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุงุŒ
206
00:16:30,400 --> 00:16:36,020
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ู„ูŠุด ุจู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุนู†ู‡ุง
207
00:16:36,020 --> 00:16:42,300
ู‚ุงุชู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŸ ู‚ุงุชู„ุฉ ุบุงู„ุจุง ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุนุชู…ุฏุฉ
208
00:16:42,300 --> 00:16:46,350
ุนู„ู‰ ุทุจู‚ุงุช ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ู…ู† peptidoglycan
209
00:16:46,350 --> 00:16:52,310
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชูƒุณุฑ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุท ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ NAM ูˆุงู„ู€ NAG ุจุชูƒุณุฑ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉ
210
00:16:52,310 --> 00:16:57,290
ุชุจุน ุงู„ peptidoglycan ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจุงุช
211
00:16:57,290 --> 00:17:01,050
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนูŠู† ุจุชุณุจุจู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Gram Negative ู…ุด ุงู„ู€ Gram
212
00:17:01,050 --> 00:17:02,610
Positive ุทุจุนุง ุฃู†ุชูˆ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฅูŠุด Gram Negative ูˆู„ุง
213
00:17:02,610 --> 00:17:08,310
Gram Positive ู„ุณู‡ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุดุฑุญ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุฅุญู†ุง
214
00:17:08,310 --> 00:17:12,650
ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุฃู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒุชููŠ ุจุทุจู‚ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆุฃู†ูˆุงุน
215
00:17:12,650 --> 00:17:17,780
ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒุชููŠ ุจุทุจู‚ุงุช ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ุชุนุงู„ูˆุง ู†ุดูˆู ูˆูŠู† ููŠู‡ ุชุทุจูŠู‚
216
00:17:17,780 --> 00:17:22,100
ุนู…ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ููŠ ุนุงู„ู… ุฃู„ู…ุงู†ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ Christian
217
00:17:22,100 --> 00:17:26,720
Gram ุนู…ู„ ุตุจุบุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Gram stain ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุฑุถ ุนู„ูŠูƒู…
218
00:17:26,720 --> 00:17:31,780
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ Gram stain ุงู„ู€ Gram stain ุนุดุงู† ู†ูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุถุญูŠู†
219
00:17:31,780 --> 00:17:35,700
ูˆุจุณุงุทุฉ ู†ุฐูƒุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูˆู† violet ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุฃุญู…ุฑ
220
00:17:35,700 --> 00:17:39,060
ุฃู†ุชูˆ Gram Negative ูˆุฃู†ุชูˆ Gram Positive ุฃู†ุชูˆ
221
00:17:39,060 --> 00:17:43,580
ู…ุง ูƒู†ูˆุด ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู„ุขู† ุฌูŠู†ุง ุตุจุบู†ุง ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุฌุฑุงู… ุตุจุบ
222
00:17:43,580 --> 00:17:48,260
ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจู„ูˆู† violet ุงุณู…ู‡ crystal violet ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
223
00:17:48,260 --> 00:17:52,820
ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุดูุงูุฉ ุนุฏูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ูุจุชู†ุทุณ ุงู„ุตุจุบุฉ
224
00:17:52,820 --> 00:17:56,980
ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ูˆุฎุงุตุฉ ุฅู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุดุญู†ุชู‡ุง ุณุงู„ุจุฉ
225
00:17:56,980 --> 00:18:00,240
ูˆุงู„ุตุจุบุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุญูƒูŠ ุนู†ู‡ุง crystal violet ุดุญู†ุชู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ
226
00:18:00,240 --> 00:18:03,060
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ attraction ุงู„ุฌุฐุจ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู†
227
00:18:03,060 --> 00:18:09,040
ู ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจูŠู†ุตุจุบูˆุง ุจู„ูˆู† violet ุจุฑุบู… ุฅู† ุฅุญู†ุง ุถุงูŠููŠู†
228
00:18:09,040 --> 00:18:14,310
ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุฃูŠูˆุฏูŠู† ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฏุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ุŸ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฏ ุจุฏุฎู„
229
00:18:14,310 --> 00:18:17,930
ุญุฌู…ู‡ ุตุบูŠุฑ ูˆุงู„ู€ crystal violet ู†ูˆุนุง ู…ุง ุญุฌู…ู‡ ุตุบูŠุฑ
230
00:18:17,930 --> 00:18:22,590
ู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆุฏ ุจูŠู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู€ crystal violet ุฌูˆู‡ ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท
231
00:18:22,590 --> 00:18:27,330
ู…ุนุงู‡ ูˆุจูŠูƒูˆู‘ู† ู…ุฑูƒุจ ู…ุนู‚ุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุงู„ู…ุนู‚ุฏ
232
00:18:27,330 --> 00:18:32,070
ูŠุตุนุจ ุฎุฑูˆุฌู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูˆุฏุฎู„ ู…ู† ุซู‚ูˆุจ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ูˆูƒุงู†
233
00:18:32,070 --> 00:18:35,670
ุญุฌู…ู‡ ุตุบูŠุฑุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุฅูŠุด ุตุงุฑ ุฌูˆู‡ุŸ ุตุงุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู„ุฃู†ู‡
234
00:18:35,670 --> 00:18:40,630
ู…ุฑูƒุจ ู…ุนู‚ุฏุŒ ุจุทู„ ุญุฌู…ู‡ ุตุบูŠุฑ ูุตุจุบู†ุง ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุซุจุชู†ุง
235
00:18:40,630 --> 00:18:45,030
ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุจุงู„ุฃูŠูˆุฏูŠู† ุงู„ุฃูŠูˆุฏูŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุซุจุช ู„ู„ูˆู†
236
00:18:45,030 --> 00:18:50,850
ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุงู„ุญุงุณู…ุฉ ุถูู†ุง ู…ุงุฏุฉ decolorizer ู…ุงุฏุฉ
237
00:18:50,850 --> 00:18:56,150
ู…ุฒูŠู„ ู„ู„ู„ูˆู† ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุซุงู†ูˆู„ ุฅูŠุซุงู†ูˆู„ ุจุชุนุฑููˆู‡ ุงู„
238
00:18:56,150 --> 00:19:00,710
ุฅูŠุซุงู†ูˆู„ ุจูŠู†ุฌุญ ุจุฅุฒุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ Gram Negative ูˆู„ุง
239
00:19:00,710 --> 00:19:04,470
ูŠู†ุฌุญ ุจุฅุฒุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ Gram Positive ุฅุญู†ุง
240
00:19:04,470 --> 00:19:09,570
ู…ุง ูƒู†ุงุด ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุดูุงูุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุชุด ุตุงุฑ
241
00:19:09,570 --> 00:19:14,600
ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง ุฑุฌุนุช ุดูุงูุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุถุงู„ุฉ violet ุถูู†ุง
242
00:19:14,600 --> 00:19:19,680
ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุตุจุบุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ูˆู†ู‡ุง ุฃุญู…ุฑ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Safranin ู‡ุฐู‡
243
00:19:19,680 --> 00:19:24,080
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ุชุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃุฒูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูู„ู…ุง ุชุฌูŠู‡ุง
244
00:19:24,080 --> 00:19:28,580
ุตุจุบุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู‡ุชุฎุชู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠู‡ุง ุตุจุบุฉ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุญุทู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰
245
00:19:28,580 --> 00:19:32,740
ุตุจุบุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู…ุง ู‡ุชุฎุชู‡ุงุด ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ููŠู‡ุง already ุตุจุบุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
246
00:19:32,740 --> 00:19:36,780
ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู„ูˆู†ู‡ุง red ูˆู„ูˆู†ู‡ุง violet
247
00:19:36,780 --> 00:19:40,320
ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุชูˆ Gram PositiveุŒ ูุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ูƒู… ู…ุฑุฉุŸ VioletุŒ ูˆุงู„ู„ูˆู†ุŸ RedุŒ Gram Negative ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ
248
00:19:40,320 --> 00:19:46,160
ุณู‡ู„ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู‚ุตุฉุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุญุฏุฏุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุญุฏูˆุชุฉุŒ ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ู‚ุตุฉ ุฅู†
249
00:19:46,160 --> 00:19:50,580
ูƒูŠู ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ูˆุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุฌูŠ
251
00:19:55,040 --> 00:20:00,200
ู„ู„ุชูุณูŠุฑุŒ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ูู‚ุฏุช ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ Gram
252
00:20:00,200 --> 00:20:04,650
Negative ูˆุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู„ู… ุชูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ู„ูˆู†ุŸ ู‡ู†ุง
253
00:20:04,650 --> 00:20:10,790
ุงู„ู…ููƒูˆู‘ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูู‚ูŽุฏู‘ุฑ ุงู„ู€ cell wall ูŠููุณู‘ุฑ ู„ู†ุง ู„ูŠุด ูู‚ุฏุช ูˆ
254
00:20:10,790 --> 00:20:17,970
ู„ูŠุด ู„ู… ุชูู‚ุฏ ุฅู„ุง ุทุจุนู‹ุง
255
00:20:17,970 --> 00:20:20,490
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ู†ุงุŒ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ..
256
00:20:20,490 --> 00:20:24,990
ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ู‘ ุฏูŠ ุทุจู‚ุงุช ู…ูุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุจุจุชูŠุฏูˆุฌู„ุงูŠูƒุงู†ุŒ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆู‡ุง
257
00:20:24,990 --> 00:20:30,600
ูƒุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุŒ ุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู„ุดุจูƒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฎู„ุŸ ุญุทู‘ูˆุง ู…ู†ุฎู„ ูˆุญุทู‘ูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ ู…ุงุก
258
00:20:30,600 --> 00:20:35,380
ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ุจู†ุฒู„ ุทุจู‚ุฉุŒ ุญุทู‘ูˆุง ู…ู†ุฎู„ูŠู†ุŒ ุซู„ุงุซุฉุŒ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
259
00:20:35,380 --> 00:20:39,460
ูˆุฌุฑู‘ุจูˆุง .. ุจุชุชุฌู„ู‘ ูˆุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุจุทุก ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูˆููŠ
260
00:20:39,460 --> 00:20:43,480
ุตุนูˆุจุฉ ู„ู„ุณุงุฆู„ ููŠ ุตุนูˆุจุฉ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู†ุฌู„ู‘ ู…ุงุก ููŠู‡ู… ..
261
00:20:43,480 --> 00:20:48,020
ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู†ุฌู„ู‘ุŸ ู…ุง .. ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุทุจู‚ุงุช ู…ูุชุนุฏุฏุฉ
262
00:20:48,020 --> 00:20:54,720
ุจูŠุญุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุตุจุบุฉ ุชุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู†ู‡ุงุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุจุชูุดู„ ู„ุฃู†ู‘ ููŠ ุทุจู‚ุงุช
263
00:20:54,720 --> 00:21:00,470
ู…ูุชุนุงู‚ุจุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ .. ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุทุจู‚ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุณู‡ู„ ุชุทู„ุน
264
00:21:00,470 --> 00:21:04,910
ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Gram Negative ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ูุงูƒุฑูŠู†ู‡ุงุŸ ู„ุง
265
00:21:04,910 --> 00:21:07,930
ูŠุฑุชุจุท ู„ุทุจู‚ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุจุชูŠุฏูˆุฌู„ุงูŠูƒุงู† ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ Gram
266
00:21:07,930 --> 00:21:12,130
Positive ูŠุฑุชุจุท ู„ู€ Multiple Layer ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
267
00:21:12,130 --> 00:21:15,870
ุจุฏู‡ ุจุจุชูŠุฏูˆุฌู„ุงูŠูƒุงู†ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูุฑูˆู‚ุงุช ุจูŠู†
268
00:21:15,870 --> 00:21:20,630
ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุจุณ ููŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Gram Negative
269
00:21:20,630 --> 00:21:23,630
ููŠ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุฏู‡ูˆู† ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุงุŒ ุทุจ ุฅูŠุด ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู† ููŠ
270
00:21:23,630 --> 00:21:28,720
ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุนุŸ ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ cell wall ู…ู† ุจุฑู‘ุง ูุงู„ู€
271
00:21:28,720 --> 00:21:33,300
decolourizer ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุฅูŠุซุงู†ูˆู„ุŒ ูŠุฒูŠู„ ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู†ุŒ ุจูŠุฐูŠุจู‡ุง
272
00:21:33,300 --> 00:21:37,540
ูู„ู…ุง ูŠุฐูŠุจ ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู…ุณุงู…ุงุช ุฃูˆุณุน ูุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ
273
00:21:37,540 --> 00:21:42,040
ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ุงู„ุตุจุบุฉ ูƒู… ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุฃุณู‡ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ุงู„ู€ Gram
274
00:21:42,040 --> 00:21:46,900
positiveุŒ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู† ู†ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุจุชุฏูˆุจ
275
00:21:46,900 --> 00:21:50,500
ู…ุด ู‡ุชุทู„ู‚ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู…ุณุงู…ุงุช ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุชูŠ ูุฑู‚ ุงู„ุฃู†ุตุงุฑ
276
00:21:50,500 --> 00:21:54,270
ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ูุฑู‚ูŠู† ุฃุณุงุณูŠูŠู†ุŒ multiple layers of peptido
277
00:21:54,270 --> 00:21:58,370
glycan ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุฏู‡ูˆู† ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰
278
00:21:58,370 --> 00:22:03,150
ุงู„ุทุฑู ู‡ู†ุงุŒ one single layer of peptido glycan ูˆููŠู†
279
00:22:03,150 --> 00:22:11,230
ุฏูŠ large amount of lipids
280
00:22:11,230 --> 00:22:15,030
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ู†ุง ุชูˆุถูŠุญูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
281
00:22:15,030 --> 00:22:20,470
ุชูˆุถูŠุญูŠุฉ ุนู† ู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ูุฑูˆู‚ุงุช ู…ุง ุจูŠู† the Gram positive and
282
00:22:20,470 --> 00:22:23,390
the cell wall envelope ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ cell wall ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงู„ู€
283
00:22:23,390 --> 00:22:27,230
Gram negative cell wallุŒ ุงุชุทู„ุนูˆุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุจุจุชูŠุฏูˆุฌู„ุงูŠูƒุงู†
284
00:22:27,230 --> 00:22:30,650
ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุนู† multiple layer ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู‡ู†ุง
285
00:22:30,650 --> 00:22:35,730
single layerุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุญูŠุซ ู…ุง outer membrane ุจุณ ููŠ
286
00:22:35,730 --> 00:22:39,570
ุงู„ุฌุฑุงู… ุจูˆุฒูŠุชูŠู ู…ุง ููŠุด outer membraneุŒ ู…ูŠู† ุฃุญุณู†ุŸ ุงู„ุฌุฑุงู…
287
00:22:39,570 --> 00:22:43,810
ุจูˆุฒูŠุชูŠู ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ุฌุฑุงู… ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠูุŸ ู…ูŠู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูุนุงู„ูŠุฉุŸ ุงู„ุฌุฑุงู…
288
00:22:43,810 --> 00:22:50,930
ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ุฌุฑุงู… ุจูˆุฒูŠุชูŠูุŸ ู…ุด ุณุงู…ุน ุฃุญุฏ ูŠุฑูุน ูŠุฏู‡
289
00:22:50,930 --> 00:22:59,470
ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฌูˆุงุจุŒ ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฌูˆุงุจ ุจูŠูุณู‘ุฑ ู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ุดูƒู‘ูˆุง ุฃู†ูุณูƒู…
290
00:22:59,470 --> 00:23:03,170
ุฃู†ู‘ ุชู†ุฎุฏุนูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ microbiology ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุงุช ุนู†ุฏู…ุง
291
00:23:03,170 --> 00:23:07,910
ุชุณุฃู„ูˆุง ู…ูŠู† ุฃูุถู„ ุจุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุชููƒุฑูˆุง ูƒูˆูŠุณุŒ ุทุงู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ู‡
292
00:23:07,910 --> 00:23:11,630
ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูˆุง ุฃู†ู‘ ู„ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ููŠู‡
293
00:23:11,630 --> 00:23:16,330
ู…ุฒุงูŠุง ูˆููŠู‡ ุนูŠูˆุจุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจูŠู†ุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
294
00:23:16,330 --> 00:23:17,290
ู…ู†ู‡ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ
295
00:23:20,440 --> 00:23:24,340
ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุงุช ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุตุนุจุฉุŒ ู…ูŠู† ุฃุญุณู†ุŸ ู…ูŠู† ุฃุญุณู† ููŠ ูˆุถุน
296
00:23:24,340 --> 00:23:29,160
ู…ุนูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ู€ Gram negative ุดูู†ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ุง single
297
00:23:29,160 --> 00:23:36,140
layerุŒ ุงู„ู€ single layer ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงููŠุฉ ูˆู…ุนุทูŠ ุงู„ูˆุธุงุฆู
298
00:23:36,140 --> 00:23:40,440
ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู€ cell wall ูˆุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุนุงูŠุดุฉ ุจุฃู…ุงู† ูˆุชู…ุงู…
299
00:23:40,440 --> 00:23:47,660
ุจุงู„ุนูƒุณ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู„ู„ุฏู…ูˆุน ุจุชุงุนุชู†ุงุŒ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู„ู„ุจู†ุณู„ูŠู†
300
00:23:47,660 --> 00:23:51,460
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠูƒุณุฑ ุงู„ู€ cross-link ู‡ูŠ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู„ู„ู€
301
00:23:51,460 --> 00:23:55,620
vancomycin ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒุณุฑ ุงู„ู€ cross-linkุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุด
302
00:23:55,620 --> 00:23:58,660
ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฃู†ู‘ ู…ุง ููŠุด ููŠู‡ุง multiple layer ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
303
00:23:58,660 --> 00:24:02,380
ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฃู†ู‘ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุถุนูุŸ ู„ุฃุŒ ู…ุด ุงู„ุฃุถุนู ุจุงู„ุนูƒุณ
304
00:24:02,380 --> 00:24:06,200
ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ูƒู…ุงู† ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุฒุงูŠุง ู„ู„ู€ outer membrane ุงู„ู„ูŠ
305
00:24:06,200 --> 00:24:10,400
ุฃู†ุชุฑูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฑุงู… ุจูˆุฒูŠุชูŠู ูˆู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠูุŒ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ
306
00:24:10,400 --> 00:24:16,500
ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุชุฑูƒูŠุจูŠู† ู…ู† ุฎู„ูŠุชูŠู† ู…ุฎุชู„ูุชูŠู† ูˆูƒู„
307
00:24:16,500 --> 00:24:26,100
ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠู„ูˆ ุชุฑุงูƒูŠุจ ุฃูˆ ุฎุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุฒุงูŠุง ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠู‡ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡
308
00:24:26,100 --> 00:24:28,880
ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุจูˆุถุญ ุฃู†ู‘ ุงู„ู€ lysozyme ูŠูˆู… ุจูŠู‚ุทุน ุชูƒุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€
309
00:24:28,880 --> 00:24:32,780
alternative units ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ N ูˆุงู„ู€ M ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนููˆู†ุง
310
00:24:32,780 --> 00:24:35,960
ุงู„ู€ M ูˆุงู„ู€ B ุจูŠู‚ุทุน ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ lysozyme ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆุน
311
00:24:35,960 --> 00:24:40,670
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆุนุŒ destruction ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆุนุดุงู†
312
00:24:40,670 --> 00:24:45,070
ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูƒูˆุง ุฃู†ู‘ ุงู„ุฌุฑุงู… ุจูˆุฒูŠุชูŠู ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
313
00:24:45,070 --> 00:24:48,090
Gram NegativeุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุงูŠุจูŠู† ุจูŠู‡ู…
314
00:24:48,090 --> 00:24:52,630
ุจุณุจุจู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Gram NegativeุŒ ุงู„ุฌุฑุงู… ุจูˆุฒูŠุชูŠู ุจุชู…ูˆุช ู…ู†
315
00:24:52,630 --> 00:24:55,930
ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆุน ุตุญุŸ ูุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุงุณุณ ุจุงู„ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ู€ Gram
316
00:24:55,930 --> 00:24:59,290
-Negative
317
00:24:59,290 --> 00:25:05,370
ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุชุฑุงูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฑุงู… ุจูˆุฒูŠุชูŠู ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
318
00:25:05,370 --> 00:25:09,820
ุญุงุฑุณ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุงูŠูƒูˆูŠูƒ ุงุณูŠุฏุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ Teichoic Acid ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู…ู‚ูˆู„
319
00:25:09,820 --> 00:25:15,980
ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ ู…ุงุฎุฐ ุฃูˆ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ู…ูƒุงู†ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
320
00:25:15,980 --> 00:25:19,100
cell membrane ู…ู† ุชุญุชู‡ุŒ ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏูˆู„ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุŸ
321
00:25:19,100 --> 00:25:23,700
ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ cell wallุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ cell wall
322
00:25:23,700 --> 00:25:29,240
ุจู†ุทู„ู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ูƒุฐุงุŒ Teichoic AcidุŒ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู†
323
00:25:29,240 --> 00:25:33,540
ุงู„ู€ cell membrane ุจู†ุทู„ู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ Lipo-Teichoic AcidุŒ Lipo
324
00:25:33,540 --> 00:25:36,840
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Lipids ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ Lipo-Teichoic Acid
325
00:25:37,020 --> 00:25:40,820
ูˆุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุฃูˆ ูˆุธุงุฆู ู…ูุชุนุฏุฏุฉุŒ ุญู†ุฏุฑุณู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู€
326
00:25:40,820 --> 00:25:47,420
medical microbiogen chartุŒ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…
327
00:25:47,420 --> 00:25:51,080
ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Gram Negative bacteria ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ the
328
00:25:51,080 --> 00:25:57,260
outer membrane ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ู†ุง ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ููŠ
329
00:25:57,260 --> 00:26:02,640
ุญุฏู‘ ููŠูƒู… ุจูŠุชุฎูŠู„ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู…ุŒ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู… ุฃู‚ุตุฏ ุงู„ู€ consistency
330
00:26:02,640 --> 00:26:06,430
ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ cell membrane ูƒูŠู ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู… ุชุจุนู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
331
00:26:06,430 --> 00:26:11,710
ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุตู„ุจ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ู…ุฒู‘ู‚ู‡ ูˆู„ุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ
332
00:26:11,710 --> 00:26:17,430
ุชุจุนู†ุง ุทุฑูŠ ูˆู„ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูƒูŠู ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู… ุชุจุนู‡ุŸ cell membrane
333
00:26:17,430 --> 00:26:24,410
ุฃูˆุถู‘ุญ ู„ูƒูˆุง ูƒูŠู ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู… ุชุจุนู‡ุŒ ุฏูŠ ุจุตุญู† ุฒูŠุช ุฒูŠุชูˆู†ุŒ ุจุญุทู‘
334
00:26:24,410 --> 00:26:27,830
ุฅุตุจุนูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุตุญู† ูˆุงู…ุณูƒู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฒูŠุช
335
00:26:27,830 --> 00:26:33,150
ุฒูŠุชูˆู†ุŸ ุจู†ูƒุณู‘ุฑู‡ ู†ุตูŠู†ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุฅุตุจุนู†ุง
336
00:26:33,150 --> 00:26:38,710
ูŠู…ุฑุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจูŠุฑุฌุน ุชุงู†ูŠุŒ ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู… ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ cell
337
00:26:38,710 --> 00:26:45,770
membrane ุฃู‚ู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ู† ุฐุงุชู‡ุŸ ุจุณ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุตุบูŠุฑ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
338
00:26:45,770 --> 00:26:49,750
ู…ุชู†ุงุณุจ ู†ูˆุนู‹ุง ู…ุงุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‘ ุญุฌู…ู‡ ุตุบูŠุฑ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุชู†ุงุณุจุŒ ุนุงุฑููŠู†
339
00:26:49,750 --> 00:26:53,210
ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู‡ู…ุŸ ุดูุช ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฅุตุจุน ู‡ู†ุงุŸ
340
00:26:53,210 --> 00:26:58,370
ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู€ cell membrane ูˆู‡ู†ุง ููŠู‡
341
00:26:58,370 --> 00:27:03,270
channel ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ู„ุงุณุชู‚ุจุงู„ ุบุฐุงุก ู…ุนูŠู‘ู†ุŒ ุทุจ ุงู„ุบุฐุงุก ุฅูŠู‡ ุนุดุงู†
342
00:27:03,270 --> 00:27:10,320
ุชุชู†ู…ู‘ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉุŸ ู„ูˆ ุตู„ุจ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠุชุญุฑูƒุดุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู†ุชู‚ู„
343
00:27:10,320 --> 00:27:16,360
ู…ู† ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูƒุงู† ุขุฎุฑุŒ ุชุดุจูŠู‡ ู„ุฐูŠุฐ ูˆุฌูŠู‘ุฏ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ู‘ ุงู„ู€
344
00:27:16,360 --> 00:27:21,020
cell membrane ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุชุณุจุญ ููŠ ุจุญุฑ ู…ู†
345
00:27:21,020 --> 00:27:25,320
ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู†ุŒ ุชุณุจุญ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุณุจุงุญุฉุŸ ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู†ุชู‚ู„
346
00:27:25,320 --> 00:27:31,120
ู…ู† ู…ูƒุงู† ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ูู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ูˆุงู… ู„ูŠู† ุชู…ุงู… ูˆ
347
00:27:31,120 --> 00:27:33,940
ุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุจุญุฑูŠุฉ ู†ูˆุนู‹ุง ู…ุง
348
00:27:38,150 --> 00:27:43,550
ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุฑุณ ู…ุงุณุชุฑ ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠ ูˆุจุฏุฑุณู‡ู… ุตุญู‘ ู‡ุฐุง
349
00:27:43,550 --> 00:27:46,210
ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ outer
350
00:27:46,210 --> 00:27:48,290
membrane of the Gram negative ููŠ ุงู„ู€ clinical
351
00:27:48,290 --> 00:27:52,590
microbiology ูˆุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุŒ ุฅู…ู‘ุง ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
352
00:27:52,590 --> 00:27:56,330
ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ุชู„ุช ุณุงุนุงุช ุฃูˆ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุณุช ุณุงุนุงุชุŒ ุจุณ ุญูŠู†
353
00:27:56,330 --> 00:27:59,290
ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ู†ุงุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุฅุญู†ุง
354
00:27:59,290 --> 00:28:02,970
ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ููƒุฑุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ .. ู‚ู„ุช
355
00:28:02,970 --> 00:28:08,560
ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ู„ุฃุฏู„ู‘ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุŒ ู…ุด
356
00:28:08,560 --> 00:28:12,620
ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนู‚ู‘ุฏ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู„ุฃู†ู‘ู†ุง ู†ุจุณู‘ุทู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ูˆ ู…ู‡ู… ูˆู…ู‡ู…
357
00:28:12,620 --> 00:28:17,160
ุฌุฏุง ุฅู„ูŠู†ุง ูˆุฏู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฅู„ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุฃู†ู‘ ุฅุญู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู†
358
00:28:17,160 --> 00:28:21,620
ู†ุชุนุฑู‘ู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุฏู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃุญุฏ
359
00:28:21,620 --> 00:28:26,440
ุฃู‡ู… ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Gram Negative ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุฃุญุฏ
360
00:28:26,440 --> 00:28:30,540
ุฃู‡ู… ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุฎุฏุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Gram Negative ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ูƒูŠู
361
00:28:30,540 --> 00:28:36,560
ุฃู‡ู… ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุฎุฏุงุนุŸ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ู„ููˆู‚
362
00:28:38,090 --> 00:28:42,450
ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ู‘ูˆู‡ O-side
363
00:28:42,450 --> 00:28:53,810
-chain ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ู‘ูˆู‡ O-antigenุŒ ุจุณ
364
00:28:53,810 --> 00:28:57,690
ุจุชุนุฑููˆุด ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ antigen ูˆุจุชุนุฑููˆุดุŒ Antigen ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุณู…
365
00:28:57,690 --> 00:29:00,770
ุงู„ุบุฑูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฏุฎู„ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุŒ ุงู„ุฌุณู…
366
00:29:00,770 --> 00:29:03,650
ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู‘ู† ู„ู‡ ุฃุฌุณุงู… ู…ุถุงุฏุฉ ูˆุชุชูุงุนู„ ู…ู† ุฃูŠ ุดูƒู„
367
00:29:03,650 --> 00:29:07,250
ุฃุฌุณุงู… ู…ุถุงุฏู‘ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุชุชูุงุนู„ specifically ู…ุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€
368
00:29:07,250 --> 00:29:12,470
antigenุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ู€
369
00:29:12,470 --> 00:29:16,930
influenza ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฑุดุญ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ู„ู…ุง ุชุตูŠุจู†ุง ู…ุฑู‘ุฉ ุฌุณู…ู†ุง
370
00:29:16,930 --> 00:29:21,430
ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฌุณู…ู†ุง ู…ููƒูˆู‘ู† ู…ุถุงุฏู‘ุฉุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ูŠุฑุฌุน ู…ุฑู‘ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
371
00:29:21,430 --> 00:29:24,030
ูˆู„ูƒู† ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุฃู†ู‘ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ู…ุฑุถ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ influenza
372
00:29:24,030 --> 00:29:30,150
ุนุดุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฑู‘ุงุช ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ุฎุงุตู‘ุฉ ู…ูˆู‚ุนุฉ ุงู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู†ุงุช ู…ุฑุงุฑู‹ุง
373
00:29:30,150 --> 00:29:34,550
ู…ุชูƒุฑุฑู‹ุงุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุง ูŠูุณู…ู‘ู‰ ุจุงู„ู€ antigenic
374
00:29:34,550 --> 00:29:39,100
variationุŒ ุงู„ุชุบูŠู‘ุฑุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชุบูŠู‘ุฑุฉ
375
00:29:39,100 --> 00:29:44,160
ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู†ูŠุฉุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุทูุฑุฉ ูุจุชุบูŠู‘ุฑ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู†
376
00:29:44,160 --> 00:29:48,660
ุฅุฐุง ุชุบูŠุฑ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ุฒูŠ ุจุตู…ุฉ
377
00:29:48,660 --> 00:29:54,080
ุงู„ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ุง ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ูŠุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ ู…ู†
378
00:29:54,080 --> 00:29:56,960
ุดูƒู„ู‡ ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ูŠุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู†
379
00:29:56,960 --> 00:30:00,600
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ู„ู† ูŠุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ู‡ูŠุชุนุฑู
380
00:30:00,600 --> 00:30:04,440
ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุฑุฉ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู‘ู† ู„ู‡ ุฃุฌุณุงู… ู…ุถุงุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉุŒ
381
00:30:04,440 --> 00:30:08,840
ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู€ course ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ู„ูˆ ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุฃู†
382
00:30:08,840 --> 00:30:12,720
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุณู…ู‡ Antigen ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Gram
383
00:30:12,720 --> 00:30:17,340
Negative Bacteria ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ Antigenic
384
00:30:17,340 --> 00:30:21,080
Variation ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู†ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู†ูŠ
385
00:30:21,080 --> 00:30:26,640
ู„ู„ู€ Gram Negative Bacteria ุจุณ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฐุง
386
00:30:26,640 --> 00:30:31,320
ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆ .. ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุชุฑุชูŠุจู‡ ุบูŠุฑูŠ ุฅู…ุง ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ุฃูˆ ุณูƒุฑ
387
00:30:31,320 --> 00:30:36,900
ุงุชุบูŠุฑ ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุŒ ูˆู„ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุชุณู…ุนูˆุง
388
00:30:36,900 --> 00:30:40,120
ุจุงู„ู€ E. coli ูˆู„ุง ู…ุง ุณู…ุนุชูˆุด ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุณู…ุนุด
389
00:30:40,120 --> 00:30:45,620
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ E. coli ุงู„ุงุณู… ููŠู‡ุง ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ
390
00:30:45,620 --> 00:30:49,980
ุงุณู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ู„ุฏูŠูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ู€ microbiology E. coli ุฃูˆ
391
00:30:49,980 --> 00:30:53,900
E. coli ูˆู‡ูŠ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุจุฃู…ุนุงุก
392
00:30:53,900 --> 00:30:59,580
ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ ุฃู…ู‡ุงุชุŸ ูˆูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุงุณุชุฆู†ุงุณู‹ุง
393
00:30:59,580 --> 00:31:02,600
ุงู„ุจุดุฑุŒ ุจูŠุชุณู„ุณู„ูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ุจูŠูุญุตูˆู‡ุง ูˆุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
394
00:31:02,600 --> 00:31:07,410
ุฏุฑุงุณุงุชู‡ู… ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ู€ E. coli ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุฏู‡
395
00:31:07,410 --> 00:31:11,570
ุจุตูˆุฑุฉ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฃู…ุนุงุฆู†ุงุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุจุนุถ ุฃุตู†ุงู ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจุณุจุจ
396
00:31:11,570 --> 00:31:15,490
ุงู„ุฅุณู‡ุงู„ุŒ ูู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ุณุจุจ ู„ู…ูŠู† ุฏู‡
397
00:31:15,490 --> 00:31:20,050
ุงู„ุฅุณู‡ุงู„ุŒ ูู…ูŠุฒู†ุงู‡ู… ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงุณู…ู‡ุง E. coli
398
00:31:20,050 --> 00:31:24,170
O157H6
399
00:31:24,170 --> 00:31:28,290
ุจู‚ู‰ E. coli ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุงุŒ ุณู†ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฏุฎู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุชูุงุตูŠู„
400
00:31:28,290 --> 00:31:33,630
ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุชุจุนู‡ุงุŒ ุจุฏูŠู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† O-antigen ูˆุนู† HุŒ
401
00:31:33,630 --> 00:31:36,230
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ O ุนุงุฑูู†ุงู‡ ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ
402
00:31:36,230 --> 00:31:39,270
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ outerุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ LPSุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
403
00:31:39,270 --> 00:31:41,310
ู…ู‚ูˆู„ุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ cell wallุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู‚ูˆู„ุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฑุงู…ุŒ
404
00:31:41,310 --> 00:31:46,950
negativeุŒ and back to youุŒ ู„ุฃู† ู…ุงุฐุง ุชุงู„ูŠ O157ุŸ ุฃูˆู„
405
00:31:46,950 --> 00:31:52,270
ุฃู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู†ุŒ ุฃูˆู„ ุฃู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ O1ุŒ ุงุชุบูŠุฑ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุทููŠูุŒ ู…ุด
406
00:31:52,270 --> 00:31:58,250
ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฃุณู…ูŠู‡ ุฃู†ุง BุŒ ู‡ุณู…ูŠู‡ O2ุŒ ู„ุฃู† ุฃู†ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ
407
00:31:58,250 --> 00:32:04,420
ุซุงู†ูŠุŒ ู†ูˆุน ุซุงู„ุซุŒ O3 ุถู„ู†ุง ู†ุนุฏ ูˆ ู†ุณุฌู„ ู„ู…ุง ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
408
00:32:04,420 --> 00:32:09,000
ุทุจุนู‹ุง ููŠ ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
409
00:32:09,000 --> 00:32:15,800
ุนู† E. coli ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ ุตู†ู ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุงุณุชุทุงุนุช ุฃู† ุชูƒุชุณุจ
410
00:32:15,800 --> 00:32:22,080
ุฃู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุชู†ูˆุน ุฃู†ุชุฌูŠู†ูŠุŒ ุฎู„ู‘ู‰ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู…ุฆุงุช ุงู„ุณู„ุงู„ุงุชุŒ
411
00:32:22,080 --> 00:32:28,720
ู…ุฆุงุช ุงู„ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ูู‚ุท ุนุดุงู† ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุฃูˆ side-chain ุฃูˆ
412
00:32:28,720 --> 00:32:34,090
ุฃูˆ ุฃู†ุชุฌูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ู€ O-antigen ู„ู‡ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุฃู†ู‡
413
00:32:34,090 --> 00:32:37,030
ุฃุนุทุงู‡ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Antigenic VariationุŒ ุทุจ ู…ุด
414
00:32:37,030 --> 00:32:40,450
ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุชู‡ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ูƒู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ูƒู€ Microbiologist
415
00:32:40,450 --> 00:32:45,930
ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุชู‡ ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃู†ุง ุชุนุฑูุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุงุŒ
416
00:32:45,930 --> 00:32:49,610
ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃู†ุง ุนุฒู„ุช ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนุฑู ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ O157 ูˆู„ุง ู…ุด
417
00:32:49,610 --> 00:32:53,650
O157 ุจุฌูŠุจ ุฃุฌุณุงู… ู…ุถุงุฏุฉ antibodies ูˆุจุญุทู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰
418
00:32:53,650 --> 00:32:57,770
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชูุนู„ุช ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ู†ุนู… ู‡ูŠ O157ุŒ ู…ุง ุงุชูุนู„ุช
419
00:32:57,770 --> 00:33:02,610
ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ู…ุด O157ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุช ุงู„ุขู† ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ O
420
00:33:02,610 --> 00:33:06,750
-antigen ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ูˆูŠููˆูุฑ ุทูˆู„
421
00:33:06,750 --> 00:33:14,590
ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฑุฏุฉ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุฌูŠุฏุฉุŒ ุทูŠุจ
422
00:33:14,590 --> 00:33:17,180
ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู….. ู‚ุงุนุฏูŠู† ุฃู†ุง ุนุงู…ู„.. ุนู† ุงู„ู€ Outer
423
00:33:17,180 --> 00:33:22,240
Membrane of Gram Negative Bacteria ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู†
424
00:33:22,240 --> 00:33:28,840
Lipopolysaccharide LPS ุงู„ู€ Outer Membrane ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู†
425
00:33:28,840 --> 00:33:32,300
ู…ูŠู† ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุงุŸ ู…ู† Lipopolysaccharide ู‡ู†ู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†
426
00:33:32,300 --> 00:33:35,520
ุฌุงูŠ ุงู„ู€ Lipopolysaccharide ุทู„ุน ู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู€ cell
427
00:33:35,520 --> 00:33:43,240
wallุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู€ lipidุŒ ููŠู‡ ุฌุฒุก ุงุณู…ู‡ coreุŒ ูŠุง
428
00:33:43,240 --> 00:33:49,850
ุฏู‡ ุงุณู… ุงู„ู€ lipid ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ูˆู‡ุฐุง core polysaccharide
429
00:33:49,850 --> 00:33:56,970
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงุณู…ู‡ O side chain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ ู‚ุจู„ุŒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ O
430
00:33:56,970 --> 00:34:00,850
ุฃู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู†ุŒ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุดุบู„ ุซุงู†ูŠ
431
00:34:00,850 --> 00:34:04,710
ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ O side chain ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ
432
00:34:04,710 --> 00:34:08,750
ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ core ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ ููŠู‡ู… ูƒู„ู‡ู… ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
433
00:34:08,750 --> 00:34:14,410
ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุชูุตู„ ู„ุจุซ A ุนู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ O-sided chain
434
00:34:14,410 --> 00:34:18,870
ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู„ู‡ุง ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุชู‡ุง ู„ูƒู† ู„ูŠุณ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุคุดุฑ
435
00:34:18,870 --> 00:34:24,390
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠู‡ุŒ ุงู„ู„ุจุซ A ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุณู… ุซุงู†ูŠ ูŠุง
436
00:34:24,390 --> 00:34:28,130
ุจู†ุช ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุนุฑูู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ูˆู†ุญูุธู‡ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุงุณู…ู‡ endotoxin
437
00:34:28,130 --> 00:34:34,130
ุงู†ุฏูˆุŸ
438
00:34:34,130 --> 00:34:39,830
ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุฏูˆุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุณู… ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุŒ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุณู… ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุŸ
439
00:34:39,830 --> 00:34:44,990
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชุตู†ูŠู ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุฌุฒุก ู„ุง ูŠุชุฌุฒุฃ ู…ู†
440
00:34:44,990 --> 00:34:48,850
ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉุŒ integral part ุฃู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุณุฃู„ูƒุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุชุฌุฒุฃ
441
00:34:48,850 --> 00:34:53,010
ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉุŒ endotoxinุŒ ู„ุฃู† ู…ุง ุฃุชูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุญูŠุฉ
442
00:34:53,010 --> 00:34:56,630
ู…ุง ุชุทู„ู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ toxinุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุชูƒูˆูŠู†ู‡ุงุŒ ุญุฏ
443
00:34:56,630 --> 00:35:01,070
ุจุฑู…ูŠุŒ ุจู…ุณูƒ ุฅูŠุฏู‡ ูˆุจู‚ุทุนู‡ุง ูˆู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุณู„ุงุญุŒ ู„ุฃุŒ ู„ูƒู†
444
00:35:01,070 --> 00:35:06,650
ู„ูˆ ู…ูˆุช ุฅูŠุฏู‡ ุชุชุญู„ู„ ูˆูƒู„ ุฌุณู…ู‡ ูŠุชุญู„ู„ุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุชุญู„ู„
445
00:35:06,650 --> 00:35:11,610
ุงู„ุงุณู… ูŠู†ุทู„ู‚ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ endotoxinุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ุญูŠุฉ
446
00:35:11,610 --> 00:35:16,670
ู…ุง ุจุชู†ุชุฑุด endotoxinุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ุจุชู†ุชุฌู‡ุŸ ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ูŠุชุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุชุจุฏุฃ
447
00:35:16,670 --> 00:35:22,490
ุงู„ุชุญู„ู„ุŒ ูˆุฃุนุทูŠูƒู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุฎุทูŠุฑ ุฌุฏุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡
448
00:35:22,490 --> 00:35:29,410
ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุชู… ุชุดุฎูŠุตู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ septicemia
449
00:35:29,410 --> 00:35:31,610
septicemia ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
450
00:35:31,610 --> 00:35:35,820
ุฃูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ู„ู‡ ู…ุฒุฑุนุฉ ูˆุงุชุนุฑูู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
451
00:35:35,820 --> 00:35:39,440
ูˆุทู„ุน ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Escherichia coli ูˆุนู…ู„ู†ุง ู„ู‡ุง ูุญุต ุญุณุงุณูŠุฉ
452
00:35:39,440 --> 00:35:42,260
ู„ู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุŒ ู„ุฌูŠู†ุงู‡ุง sensitive ู„ุฌูŠู†ุงู‡ุง gentamicin
453
00:35:42,260 --> 00:35:48,580
ูุงู„ุทุจูŠุจ ู‚ุฑุฑ ูŠุนุทูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ gentamicinุŒ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุงุชุช
454
00:35:48,580 --> 00:35:54,480
ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู…ุงุชุŒ ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุจู…ูˆุช ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
455
00:35:54,480 --> 00:36:00,730
ู…ุงุชุช ูุฌุฃุฉ ุฃุทู„ู‚ุช ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุถุฎู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ endotoxinุŒ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡
456
00:36:00,730 --> 00:36:05,350
ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุจุงู„ู€ Gram Negative Septic ShockุŒ Shock ูŠุนู†ูŠ
457
00:36:05,350 --> 00:36:10,310
ุตุฏู…ุฉุŒ ูˆุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ู„ูˆู‚ูู‡ุง ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ endotoxin ู„ู‡ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑุงุช ู…ู†ู‡ุง
458
00:36:10,310 --> 00:36:14,650
ุจู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ู€ blood pressureุŒ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ vasodilatation ููŠ
459
00:36:14,650 --> 00:36:21,270
ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ shockุŒ ุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู€ endotoxin ุฃุญุฏ ุฃู‡ู… ุนูˆุงู…ู„
460
00:36:21,270 --> 00:36:26,120
ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… Gram Negative BacteriaุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ุงู…
461
00:36:26,120 --> 00:36:32,060
ุบูŠุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Gram PositiveุŒ ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Gram NegativeุŒ ูุฌุฃุฉ
462
00:36:32,060 --> 00:36:36,720
ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุนุฑูุชูˆู‡ุง ุฃู†ุชูˆ NegativeุŒ ู†ุนู… ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฅู† ูƒู„
463
00:36:36,720 --> 00:36:40,820
ุงู„ู€ Gram Negative ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ endotoxin ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ Gram
464
00:36:40,820 --> 00:36:46,320
Positive ู„ุง ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ endotoxinุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ุง ุชุญุชูˆูŠ
465
00:36:46,320 --> 00:36:48,900
ุนู„ู‰ endotoxinุŒ ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง Outer membraneุŒ ุงู„ุฃูˆุชุฑ
466
00:36:48,900 --> 00:36:52,000
membrane ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุชูƒูˆู†ุฉ ู…ู† LipopolysaccharideุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠุจูˆ
467
00:36:52,000 --> 00:36:54,760
ุจูˆู„ูŠุณุงูƒุฑุงูŠุฏุŒ ุฏู‡ ุจูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ Lipid A ูˆ core
468
00:36:54,760 --> 00:36:57,400
polysaccharide ูˆ O side chainุŒ ุงู„ู€ O side chain
469
00:36:57,400 --> 00:37:02,900
ูู‡ู…ุชูˆู‡ุงุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ O antigen ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ ุฌุณู…ู†ุง ุจูŠุชุนุฑู
470
00:37:02,900 --> 00:37:11,420
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุจูŠุญุงูˆู„ ูŠุญุงุฑุจู‡ุงุŒ ุจูŠุญุงูˆู„ ูŠุญุงุฑุจู‡ุง
471
00:37:11,420 --> 00:37:17,240
ู‡ุงูŠ
472
00:37:17,240 --> 00:37:19,640
ุงู„ุชุฑุงูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฐูƒุฑุชูˆู‡ุง ุจูŠู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ู€ Lipid
473
00:37:19,640 --> 00:37:22,860
polysaccharide ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ LPSุŒ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุงุชุตุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡
474
00:37:22,860 --> 00:37:27,100
LPSุŒ ุงุชุตุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ LPSุŒ ู‚ุฏุฑ ู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ู„ุจุฏ ุฅูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€
475
00:37:27,100 --> 00:37:30,460
core polysaccharide ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ O ุฃู†ุชุฌูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู„ุงุญุธูˆุง
476
00:37:30,460 --> 00:37:33,540
ู‡ู†ุง ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ู…ูƒุชูˆุจุฉ ู‡ู†ุง highly variableุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
477
00:37:33,540 --> 00:37:38,460
ู…ุชุบูŠุฑ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู…ุง ูŠุนุทูŠ ูุฑุตุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุตุงุฑ
478
00:37:38,460 --> 00:37:41,980
ู„ู†ุง ู…ู‚ุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ู†ูุณุฑุŒ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู†ู‚ุตุฏ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
479
00:37:41,980 --> 00:37:45,880
ู…ุฑุงุฑุง ูˆุชูƒุฑุงุฑู‹ุงุŒ ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุด ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
480
00:37:45,880 --> 00:37:49,660
ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุดูˆูŠุฉ modification ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู†
481
00:37:52,500 --> 00:37:55,680
ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ functions of the cell wallุŒ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ
482
00:37:55,680 --> 00:38:02,300
ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ู€ cell wall ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ู†ู„ุฎุตู‡ุง ููŠ ุดูƒู„
483
00:38:02,300 --> 00:38:05,500
ู†ู‚ุงุทุŒ ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ maintaining the cell's
484
00:38:05,500 --> 00:38:09,500
characteristic shapeุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
485
00:38:09,500 --> 00:38:12,700
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุŒ ุฃูˆู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุฏู‡ campus ูˆู„ุง coccus ู‡ูŠ
486
00:38:12,700 --> 00:38:17,840
ุงู„ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง rigidุŒ ุนุดุงู† rigid ุตู„ุจุฉุŒ ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง
487
00:38:17,840 --> 00:38:21,220
ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู„ู†ุจุงุชุงุช ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุดูƒู„ ู…ุญุฏุฏ ูˆู„ุง ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง
488
00:38:21,220 --> 00:38:26,810
cell wallุŒ ุทูŠุจ countering the effect of osmotic
489
00:38:26,810 --> 00:38:34,870
pressuresุŒ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ู…ุนุงูŠุง ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุชู…ุงู…
490
00:38:34,870 --> 00:38:38,150
ูˆุญุทูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠููˆู† ูˆุนู…ู„ู†ุง ู„ู‡ุง flushing ู„ู‚ู‰ ููŠ
491
00:38:38,150 --> 00:38:42,990
ุงู„ุณูŠููˆู† flushingุŒ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ู…ุฒุฑูˆุนุฉ
492
00:38:42,990 --> 00:38:46,250
ููŠ media ู…ุจุณูˆุทุฉ ู…ู† ูƒูŠูู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุฏุฑูˆูู‡ุง ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุฉ ุฑุงุฆุนุฉ ุฌุฏุง
493
00:38:46,250 --> 00:38:51,470
ูˆุงู„ู€ osmotic pressure ู…ู„ุงุฆู… ุฌุฏุง ู„ู‡ุงุŒ ู„ู…ุง ุญุทูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ
494
00:38:51,470 --> 00:38:56,710
ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ุŒ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ู…ุด ููŠู‡ุง ู…ู„ุญุŒ ุตุงุฑ hypo.. ู…ุด hypo..
495
00:38:56,710 --> 00:39:00,390
ู…ุด iso.. ุตุงุฑ hypo ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุถุบุท ุงู„ู€ Osmosis
496
00:39:00,390 --> 00:39:04,050
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ู‡ูŠุณุญุจ ุงู„ุฃู…ู„ุงุญ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆูŠู…ูˆุชู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€
497
00:39:04,050 --> 00:39:09,930
ู…ูŠู‡ ุชุฏุฎู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุชู†ูุฎู‡ุงุŒ ูุงู„ุขู† ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„
498
00:39:09,930 --> 00:39:12,510
ุนู† ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ
499
00:39:12,510 --> 00:39:16,870
ุญูŠุงุชู‡ุงุŸ ุงู„ู€ cell wallุŒ ุทูŠุจ ู…ุน ุฅู†ู‘ ุงู„ุณูŠููˆู† ุถุฑุจู†ุงู‡ ุฑุงุญุช
500
00:39:16,870 --> 00:39:20,790
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงุฑูŠุŒ ุฃูƒุฑุฑูƒู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠู‡ toxin ูˆููŠู‡ osmotic
501
00:39:20,790 --> 00:39:23,430
pressures ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุฑุงุญุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุญุฑุงู†ุง ุจุชุจู‚ู‰
502
00:39:23,430 --> 00:39:27,910
ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ููŠ ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุญ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ู…ุงุก
503
00:39:27,910 --> 00:39:31,570
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญู„ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู† ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ
504
00:39:31,570 --> 00:39:36,410
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ variable osmotic pressures ู‡ูˆ
505
00:39:36,410 --> 00:39:39,970
ุงู„ู€ cells providing attachment site for
506
00:39:39,970 --> 00:39:42,690
bacteriophages ุจุชุณู…ุนูˆุง ุฅู† ููŠ ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุจุชุตูŠุจ
507
00:39:42,690 --> 00:39:46,910
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุจ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
508
00:39:46,910 --> 00:39:51,830
bacteriophage ุฃูˆ phages ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ูˆ ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ู„ุง
509
00:39:51,830 --> 00:39:55,920
ุขูƒู„ุงุช ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุดุงุนุช ูˆู…ุง ุฒุงู„ุช ู‡ูŠ
510
00:39:55,920 --> 00:39:59,280
ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุชุณู…ูŠุฉุŒ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ phage ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุจุฑุŒ ู‡ู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
511
00:39:59,280 --> 00:40:04,460
ุฃุตุบุฑ ูˆุจุชุชุบุฐู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŸ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุนู‡ุงุŒ it provides
512
00:40:04,460 --> 00:40:09,680
a surface to attachุŒ ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ุงู„ูุฌู„ุฉุŸ ู…ู† ุงู†ุทู„ุงู‚ุชู‡ุง
513
00:40:10,930 --> 00:40:13,110
ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ู„ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Cell Membrane .. ู„ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Cell
514
00:40:13,110 --> 00:40:15,710
Membrane ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุฌุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุฌุฑ .. ุงู„ูุฌุฑ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุชุญุฑูƒ ..
515
00:40:15,710 --> 00:40:19,170
ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุชุญุฑูƒ .. ู‡ุชู‡ุฒ ุงู„ู€ Cell Membrane ูˆู‡ุชูุณุฑ ..
516
00:40:19,170 --> 00:40:24,250
ู‡ุชูƒุณุฑ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชูˆูุฑ ูˆุฃู†ู‡ุง rigid platform ู„ู„ูุฌุฑ ..
517
00:40:24,250 --> 00:40:29,030
ู„ุฅูŠุฌุงุฏ ุงู„ูู…ุฑูŠุŒ ุฃู†ู‚ู„ุงุŒ Play an essential role in cell
518
00:40:29,030 --> 00:40:32,610
division ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ู„ู‡ุง ุฏูˆุฑ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
519
00:40:32,610 --> 00:40:36,360
ุงู„ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู…ุŒ ุฏู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ู†ุฎู„ูŠู‡ be the site of major
520
00:40:36,360 --> 00:40:38,980
antigenic determinants of the cell surface ู…ุด ู‡ูŠ
521
00:40:38,980 --> 00:40:42,840
.. ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ู„ู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูุงุตู„
522
00:40:42,840 --> 00:40:46,240
ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ูˆุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
523
00:40:46,240 --> 00:40:49,800
ุงู„ู€ antigens ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ุฌุณู…ู†ุง ุจุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰
524
00:40:49,800 --> 00:40:55,480
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุทูŠุจ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง wall-less wall-less
525
00:40:55,480 --> 00:41:00,960
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุงุด ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุงุณู… ูˆุงู„ุงุณู… ู‡ุฐุง .. ุฃู†ุง ุจูƒุชุจู‡ ุจุฎุท
526
00:41:09,340 --> 00:41:15,960
mycoplasma ุงู„ู€ mycoplasma ุชุญูุธ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏุฉ ู…ู†
527
00:41:15,960 --> 00:41:20,720
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ู…ุนูŠุดุฉ ุจุฏูˆู† cell wall ุจุฏูˆู†
528
00:41:20,720 --> 00:41:25,380
cell wall ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ูˆ ุชุชูƒุงุซุฑ ูˆ ุจุชุนูŠุด ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุจุฏูˆู†
529
00:41:25,380 --> 00:41:30,440
cell wall ุงุณู…ู‡ุง mycoplasma ูˆู‡ูŠ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุจู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ู‡ูŠ
530
00:41:30,440 --> 00:41:36,580
ุฃุตุบุฑ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุฃุตุบุฑ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ูƒู… ู…ุฑุฉ
531
00:41:36,580 --> 00:41:41,150
mycoplasma ุทุจ ุทู„ุนูˆุง ู…ุนุงูŠุง ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู…ู† ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ
532
00:41:41,150 --> 00:41:47,130
ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฃุตู„ุง ูƒู„ู‡ุง cell wall ุญุทู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ
533
00:41:47,130 --> 00:41:50,230
saline ุชู„ุงุนูˆุง ุงู„ู€ salineุŸ ุงู„ู€ normal saline ู…ุญู„ูˆู„
534
00:41:50,230 --> 00:41:54,630
ู…ู„ุญ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ู…ู„ุญูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุถุบุทู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณู…ูˆุฒูŠ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุจูˆุงุฒูŠ ุถุบุทู‡
535
00:41:54,630 --> 00:41:57,850
ุงู„ุฃุณู…ูˆุฒูŠ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆุญุทูŠู†ุง ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€
536
00:41:57,850 --> 00:42:03,210
saline ุจุงู„ุจู†ุณู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุจู†ุณู„ูŠู† ู‡ูŠุฏู…ุฑ ุงู„ู€ cell wall ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
537
00:42:03,210 --> 00:42:06,090
ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู…ุด ู‡ุชู†ูุฌุฑุŒ ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุด ู‡ุชู†ูุฌุฑุŸ ุฅู†
538
00:42:06,090 --> 00:42:10,050
ุฃู†ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ normal saline ูู‚ุฏุช ุงู„ู€ cell wall ู„ูƒู†
539
00:42:10,050 --> 00:42:14,290
ุชู‚ุชู„ ุงุณู…ูˆุฒูŠุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุชูˆุณูŠุงุจ ู‡ูˆ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุทุงู„ุจ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
540
00:42:14,290 --> 00:42:17,790
ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูˆู„ุง ู…ุด ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฅู†ุชุงุฌู‡ุŸ ู…ู…ูƒู†
541
00:42:17,790 --> 00:42:21,550
ุฅู†ุชุงุฌู‡ ูˆุงุชุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุฏูˆู† cell wall ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
542
00:42:21,550 --> 00:42:25,830
protoplast ูˆุงุญู†ุง ูˆุงุญู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ุทู„ุงุจ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„
543
00:42:25,830 --> 00:42:30,970
protoplast ุนุดุงู† ู†ุฏู…ุฌ ุฎู„ูŠุชูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ููŠู‡ุง
544
00:42:30,970 --> 00:42:35,870
ุฎุตุงุฆุต ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ููŠู‡ุง ุฎุตุงุฆุต ูู†ุดูŠู„ ู†ุฌุดุฑ ุงู„ู€ cell
545
00:42:35,870 --> 00:42:43,090
wall ูˆู†ุญุทู‡ู… ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆู†ุญุท ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู„ุญู…ุฉ ุชุฏู…ุฌู‡ู… ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆ
546
00:42:43,090 --> 00:42:45,830
ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุจู€ protoplast fusion ุนุดุงู†
547
00:42:45,830 --> 00:42:50,310
ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ุฎุตุงุฆุต ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
548
00:42:50,310 --> 00:42:56,050
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชูˆูุฑุชู„ู‡ุง ุธุฑูˆู ููŠุณูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุฃู† ุชุนูŠุด ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ู…ู†
549
00:42:56,050 --> 00:43:00,850
ุบูŠุฑ cell wall ุจุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู…ุง lysosomes ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง
550
00:43:00,850 --> 00:43:03,990
ุนู†ู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฏู…ูˆุน ุนุงุฏูŠ ุฃูˆ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู€ antibiotics ุฒูŠ
551
00:43:03,990 --> 00:43:09,410
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ penicillin ู„ูƒู† ุฎุฏ ุจุงู„ูƒุŒ ู„ูˆ ุฎุฑุฌุช ุฅู„ู‰
552
00:43:09,410 --> 00:43:12,910
ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉุŒ ู‡ุชู…ูˆุชุŒ ู‡ุชู…ูˆุช ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุถุฑ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰
553
00:43:12,910 --> 00:43:18,550
ูŠุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุถุบุท ุงู„ุฃุณู…ูˆุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ุชุบูŠุฑุฉ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุงุฌุนูŠู†
554
00:43:18,550 --> 00:43:25,830
ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ ุฅู…ุง enzymes ุฃูˆ antibiotics ู‡ุฐู‡
555
00:43:25,830 --> 00:43:31,030
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุง natural ูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
556
00:43:31,030 --> 00:43:36,450
forms ุงู„ู€ forms ุฃุทู„ู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุดูƒุงู„ L ูŠุนู†ูŠ
557
00:43:36,450 --> 00:43:41,310
ุฃุดูƒุงู„ L ู…ุด .. ู…ุด ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุญู…ู„ุฉ ุญุฑู L ู„ุฃ
558
00:43:41,310 --> 00:43:46,530
ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Lister Institute ู…ุคุณุณุฉ Lister ูˆ ุฃู†ุง
559
00:43:46,530 --> 00:43:51,570
ููŠ ุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ูŠุง ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุคุณุณุฉ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก
560
00:43:51,570 --> 00:43:55,910
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงูƒุชุดููˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุณู…ูˆุง ุงู„ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
561
00:43:55,910 --> 00:43:58,970
ุดุงููˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูˆู† .. ุจุฏูˆู† cell wall ุนู„ู‰ ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ุคุณุณุฉ
562
00:43:58,970 --> 00:44:05,570
ู…ุซู„ุง L forms ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ L forms ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃู…ุง
563
00:44:05,570 --> 00:44:08,830
ุจุชูƒูˆู† Natural ุฃูˆ Artificial Artificial ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
564
00:44:08,830 --> 00:44:12,370
ู†ุตู†ุนู‡ุงุŒ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุตู†ุนู‡ุง ูˆ ุจู†ุตู†ุนู‡ุง ู„ุบุฑุถ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒู…
565
00:44:12,370 --> 00:44:20,190
ุจู†ุนู…ู„ Protoplast Fusion ุทูŠุจ
566
00:44:20,190 --> 00:44:23,450
ุงู„ู€ cell membrane ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ูƒูˆู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
567
00:44:23,450 --> 00:44:28,090
cell membrane ุจุฑู‡ ูˆู„ุง ุฌูˆู‡ุŸ ุฌูˆู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ู€ cell
568
00:44:28,090 --> 00:44:31,030
wall ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ุฏู‡ุงู† ุตุญุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุตู‚
569
00:44:31,030 --> 00:44:36,460
ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ cell wall ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ cell membrane ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€
570
00:44:36,460 --> 00:44:40,860
cell membrane ู…ู† ุฃุนุธู… ุงู„ุชุฑุงูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูƒู†ุชูˆุง
571
00:44:40,860 --> 00:44:45,500
ุชุนุฑููˆุง ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ cell wall ุตุญูŠุญ ู„ู‡ ูˆุธุงุฆู ูˆ ุฑุงูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€
572
00:44:45,500 --> 00:44:48,660
cell membrane ู„ูŠู‡ุง ู‚ู„ ุนู†ู‡ ุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ุฅู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
573
00:44:48,660 --> 00:44:52,580
ู…ุงููŠู‡ุงุด mitochondria ุตุญุŸ ู…ุงููŠู‡ุงุด ุนุถูŠุงุช ุฃุตู„ุง
574
00:44:52,580 --> 00:44:56,360
ู…ุงููŠู‡ุงุด organelles ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ู€ cell
575
00:44:56,360 --> 00:44:59,160
membrane ุนููˆุง ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ mitochondria ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ cell
576
00:44:59,160 --> 00:45:03,370
membrane ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ oxygen phosphorylation ูˆ
577
00:45:03,370 --> 00:45:08,850
ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู€ energy requiring functions ุจุชุชู… ููŠ ุงู„ู€ cell
578
00:45:08,850 --> 00:45:13,270
membrane ูˆู…ู† ุถู…ู† ุงู„ู€ cell membrane ููŠ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุขุฎุฑ
579
00:45:13,270 --> 00:45:19,190
ุจู†ุถูŠูู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุณู… ุฎุงุต ุจุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ู„ุงุฒู… ู…ู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
580
00:45:19,190 --> 00:45:23,770
cell membrane ู‡ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ cell
581
00:45:23,770 --> 00:45:27,470
membrane ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ูุฌุฃุฉ ุงู„ู€ cell membrane ุตุงุฑุช ุชุชุซู†ู‰
582
00:45:27,470 --> 00:45:34,080
ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุฃูˆ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ ..
583
00:45:34,080 --> 00:45:34,580
ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„
584
00:45:34,580 --> 00:45:34,720
.. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„
585
00:45:34,720 --> 00:45:35,360
ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„
586
00:45:35,360 --> 00:45:36,440
.. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„
587
00:45:36,440 --> 00:45:40,900
ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ ..
588
00:45:40,900 --> 00:45:44,340
ุงู„ู€ ..
589
00:45:44,340 --> 00:45:45,220
ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„
590
00:45:45,220 --> 00:45:45,680
.. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„
591
00:45:45,680 --> 00:45:45,720
ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„
592
00:45:45,720 --> 00:45:45,780
.. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„
593
00:45:45,780 --> 00:45:54,000
.. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ ..
594
00:45:54,000 --> 00:45:55,060
ุงู„
595
00:46:02,020 --> 00:46:07,620
ูˆุงู„ุชู†ูŠุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณุทุญู‡ุง ู…ุณุชุบู„ ูˆุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ
596
00:46:07,620 --> 00:46:14,620
storage ุชุฎุฒูŠู†ู‡ ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ structure ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฐุง
597
00:46:14,620 --> 00:46:21,260
ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ mesosomes ูˆุจู†ุฌุญ
598
00:46:21,260 --> 00:46:24,720
ููŠ ุงู„ุงู† ุฏู‡ ู„ุญุฏ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู†ูƒู…ู„ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุจู†ูุณ
599
00:46:24,720 --> 00:46:27,640
ุงู„ุฃุฑูˆุงุญ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู€ mesosomes ู‡ูŠ
600
00:46:27,640 --> 00:46:30,180
ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡