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1
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ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡
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ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ุงู‡ู… two laws
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ููŠ ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… kerchoff current law ูˆ
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kerchoff voltage law kerchoff current law ุงุญู†ุง
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ู‡ุชุณุฑู„ู‡ KCL kerchoff voltage law KVL ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุชุณู‡ูŠู„
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ two laws ุงุญู†ุง
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ู„ุงุฒู…ู†ุง ุงู† ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ parameters ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ูŠู† ู„ู†ุง
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ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ node ุฃู‡ู… ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ nodeูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
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ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ parameters ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ curse of
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current law ูˆ curse of voltage law ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู†
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ุจุนุถ ุงู„ parameters ุฒูŠ ุงู„ node ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ nodeุŸ ุงู„
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node ู‡ูŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุชู‚ุงุจู„ two elements or more ูŠุนู†ูŠ
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ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู‚ุงุจู„ูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ู†ุง
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ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ู†ุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุฃุฑุณู…ู‡ุง
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุญูƒูŠ ุฃู† ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ elements ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ุนุงูˆู†ุง ู…ุงู„ู‡ู… ุจุณุทูŠู† ูˆูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงู„ู‡ two terminals
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง note ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุชู‚ุงุจู„ูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง two elements ุฃูˆ
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ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุชู‚ุงุจู„ูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุจุชุธู„ู‡ุง
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noteุŒ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจุชุธู„ู‡ุง note ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆูŠู† ุจุชู‚ุงุจู„ูˆุง two
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elements ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุจุชูƒูˆู† note ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰
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ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ู†ุง ุฃูƒู… note ููŠู‡ุง ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ ุฃูƒู… note ููŠู‡ุง ุฃูƒู… note ูุถู„ูˆุง
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ุชู„ุงุชุฉ notesุŒ ุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ููŠ ุญุฏ ุจูŠุญูƒูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุชุงู†ูŠุŸ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
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notesุŒ ููŠ ุญุฏ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจูŠุญูƒูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุชุงู†ูŠุŸ ุฎู…ุณุฉ notesุŒ ููŠ
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ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฎู…ุณุฉ
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notesุŒ ููŠ ุญุฏ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจูŠุญูƒูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุชุงู†ูŠุŸ ุชูุถู„ูŠุŒ ุฃู†ุช ุญูƒูŠุชู‡
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ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
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ุณุชุฉ notes ุทุจ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ููŠู†ุง ..
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ููŠ .. ููŠ ุญุฏ ุถุงูŠู‚ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŸ ุจุทู„ ุญุฏ ููŠู‡ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุตุงุฑ
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ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุณุชุฉ ูˆุงุฑุจุน ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉ ุตุญุŸ ููŠ ุญุฏ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุถูŠู
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ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุŸ ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆุงุตู„ุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„
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source ูˆ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ RC ู…ุนุงู†ุง ูƒู„ูƒูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู†ู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡
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ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุตู„ุฉ RD ู…ุนุงู‡ุงุŸูˆ RE ู…ุนู‡ุง ูˆ current source ู…ุนู‡ุง
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ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง node ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุจุณ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุจุฑ ุนู†ู‡ุง ููŠ
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ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุงุจ slack ูˆ ุงู„ slack ุจู†ุนุชุจุฑู‡ู… ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ
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ุตูุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ุฃุฌูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ ุชุนุชูŠ ุฃุญุท ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
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ูˆ ุฒุงุญู… ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุญุท two elements ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู†
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ุฃุณุชุฎุฏู… select ุฃู†ู‚ู„ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุฃูˆุตู„ elements
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ุชุงู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ select ุจุงู„ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ุฐู‡ nodeู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ
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ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฒุญู…ุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฃู„ุญู… meet component
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ููŠู‡ุง ู„ุฃ ุจู„ุญู… ุฃูƒู… ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆ ุจุฑูˆุญ ุจู„ุญู…
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slick ูˆ ุจูˆุตู„ ููŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ู… node ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
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ุตุงุฑ ุฃูƒู… element ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ node ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
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ุฃูƒู… element ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ node ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
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ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฅุฐู† ู‡ุฐู‡ node ูˆุงุญุฏุฉูƒู…ุงู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ูƒู…
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element ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏ RC ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ ููŠู‡ุง RD ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ ููŠู‡ุง
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ูˆ RE ูˆ RF ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ูŠู† ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ุงูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† node ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุฃู†ู‡
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ู‡ุงูŠ node ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆู„ุง .. ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุณ
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ุชูˆุตู„ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† element ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
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ูˆุงุญุฏุฉู„ูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฅุณู„ุงูƒ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุชู‡ุง
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zero ุฒูŠู‡ ู„ุงุŒ ุฃูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุนู…ู„ ุณู„ูƒ ุทูˆูŠู„ ูˆุฃูˆุตู„
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element ู‡ู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุณู„ูƒุŒ
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ู‡ุฐุง ุณู„ูƒุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุณู„ูƒุŒ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ู†ุงู‡ุฐุง silicุŒ ู‡ุฐุง silicุŒ ู…ุด
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ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ
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ุจุณ ู‡ุฐุง silicุŒ silic ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ silicุŒ zero
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00:04:20,450 --> 00:04:23,970
ูู‡ุงูŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉุŒ ู‡ุงูŠุŒ ู‡ุงูŠุŒ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู‡ุงูŠุŒ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
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00:04:23,970 --> 00:04:27,950
ู‡ุงูŠุŒ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู‡ุงูŠู„ุฃู†ู‡ selectุŒ ู‡ุฐุง selectุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
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ุฒูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุญูƒูŠู„ูƒ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุฃ ุฃูˆุตู„ ูƒู…ุงู† elementุŒ ู…ุด
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00:04:30,710 --> 00:04:33,630
ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุฃูˆุตู„ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุจุฑูˆุญ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ ุชุงุนุชู‰ุŒ ุญุงุทุฉ
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select ูˆูˆุตู„ ุงู„ element ู‡ู†ุง ุทุจ ู…ุด ุงู„ answer ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ
61
00:04:37,410 --> 00:04:40,630
ูŠุง ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑุŸ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ ู†ุนู… ู…ุด ุงู„ answer
62
00:04:40,630 --> 00:04:44,070
ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุชุบูŠุฑ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ูุฃู†ุง .. ุงู†ุง ุงุนุชุจุฑ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ note
63
00:04:44,070 --> 00:04:46,830
ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง ูƒูŠู ุงู„ answer ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุชุบูŠุฑุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
64
00:04:46,830 --> 00:04:49,930
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ููˆู‚ู .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุตู„ุช .. selectุŒ ู…ูˆุตู„ุฉ ุจ
65
00:04:49,930 --> 00:04:53,670
selectุŒ ู‡ุฐูŠ selectุŒ ู‡ุฐูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง selectุŒ
66
00:04:53,670 --> 00:04:54,750
ู…ูˆุตู„ุฉ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
67
00:04:57,400 --> 00:05:00,960
ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู…ูˆุตู„ูŠู† ููŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุฑุณู…ู‡ู… ุจู‡ุฐุง
68
00:05:00,960 --> 00:05:07,420
ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู†ุง ุงุธู† ุงู† ูƒู„ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู†ู‡ุง ู…ุน ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู„ุฃ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
69
00:05:07,420 --> 00:05:15,360
source ู‡ูŠ RC ุจุณ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุงู†ุญุจุด ุงู„ุชุทุนูŠุฌ ู‡ูŠ RC RD RE
70
00:05:15,360 --> 00:05:22,820
ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ current source ID ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู†ุง
71
00:05:22,820 --> 00:05:26,780
ุจู„ุญู…ู‡ู… ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุจุชุงุนุชูŠู„ูƒู† ูƒู„ ู…ู‚ุชุตุฑ
72
00:05:26,780 --> 00:05:30,820
ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู†ุนู… ู‡ู„ุฃ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ูˆ ูƒู„ู‡ุง
73
00:05:30,820 --> 00:05:34,640
node ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŸ ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠุฉ node ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุณู„ูƒ
74
00:05:34,640 --> 00:05:37,700
ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุฃูŠ element ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ู‡ุงูŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆ ู‡ุงูŠ
75
00:05:37,700 --> 00:05:41,740
ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู„ูˆ ููŠ element ุจูŠุจุทู„ู‡ node ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆู„ุง ููŠ
76
00:05:41,740 --> 00:05:46,310
element ุจูŠู† ู‡ุงูŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆ ู‡ุงูŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุณู„ูƒูู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง node
77
00:05:46,310 --> 00:05:49,610
ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู„ู„ุทุงู„ุจุงุช ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู… ุฏุงูŠู…ุง
78
00:05:49,610 --> 00:05:54,450
ุจูŠุฎุฑุจุทูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ node ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ issue ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏ
79
00:05:54,450 --> 00:05:59,590
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ Rc ูˆ ุงู„ Rd ูˆ ุงู„ Re ูˆ ุงู„ Rf ู…ูˆุตู„ูŠู† ููŠ node
80
00:05:59,590 --> 00:06:03,090
ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† node it's a certain thing ุนู†ุฏูƒ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง
81
00:06:03,090 --> 00:06:08,970
ุงู„ I ูˆ ุงู„ voltage source ูˆ Rf ู…ูˆุตู„ูŠู† ููŠ select
82
00:06:08,970 --> 00:06:14,710
ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูู‡ู…ุชูˆุง ุฃุด ุงู„ูุฑู‚ุŸู„ูƒู† ุจูŠู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„
83
00:06:14,710 --> 00:06:18,670
note ูˆ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ note ููŠ element ู…ุงู‚ุฏุฑุด ุฃูƒุจุฑู‡ู… note
84
00:06:18,670 --> 00:06:21,850
ูˆุงุญุฏุฉูˆู„ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…
85
00:06:21,850 --> 00:06:26,830
element ุงุฎุชู„ูุช ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ู…ูˆุตู„ูŠู† ุนุจุฑ ุณู„ูƒ
86
00:06:26,830 --> 00:06:31,150
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ zero ุงุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
87
00:06:31,150 --> 00:06:34,990
ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆุงุถุญุช ุงุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
88
00:06:34,990 --> 00:06:38,430
notes ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุงู†ุช ู‚ู„ุช ุชู„ุงุชุฉ notes ุงุชุฑุฌุนุชูŠ ุตุฑุช ุฎู„ุช
89
00:06:38,430 --> 00:06:42,810
ูŠูˆู… ุณุชุฉ ุงุฐุง ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ notes ุงุฐุง ุงู„ note
90
00:06:42,810 --> 00:06:47,190
ูˆุงุถุญุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ note ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ุงู† ู„ูƒูŠุฑุชุดูˆู ูƒุฑุงู†ุชู„ูˆู†
91
00:06:48,390 --> 00:06:50,910
ุงู„ู€ element ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุงู…ูŠุทุฑ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู…
92
00:06:50,910 --> 00:06:57,490
ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ loop ู‡ูŠ
93
00:06:57,490 --> 00:07:01,110
ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ุฑุณู…ุชู„ูƒู… ูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ุจุงู„ุฃู„ูˆุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡
94
00:07:01,110 --> 00:07:03,810
ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุฎุทุฃ ุงู„ุดุงุฆุน ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุทุงู„ุจุงุช ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุนุฏูŠุชู‡
95
00:07:03,810 --> 00:07:07,590
ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ูŠุนุชุจุฑูˆู‡ุง node ูˆุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ node ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง
96
00:07:07,590 --> 00:07:13,830
ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฎุทุงุก ุงู„ุดุงุฆุนุฉ ู†ุฌูŠ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ู…ูู‡ูˆู… ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
97
00:07:13,830 --> 00:07:14,970
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ closed loop
98
00:07:20,130 --> 00:07:25,810
the closed loop ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„
99
00:07:25,810 --> 00:07:29,970
node ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠุฑุฌุนู„ู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุตุงุฑ ู…ุบู„ู‚ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ู…ู†
100
00:07:29,970 --> 00:07:34,350
ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠุฑุฌุน ู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠุฑุฌุน
101
00:07:34,350 --> 00:07:39,730
ู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉุŒ ุงุฐุง ู…ุตุงุฑ ู…ุบู„ู‚ ู…ุตุงุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุถุทุฑ
102
00:07:39,730 --> 00:07:43,630
ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ ู…ุตุงุฑ ู…ุบู„ู‚ ุจุฏุฃุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆ ุฑุฌุนุช ู„ู†ูุณ
103
00:07:43,630 --> 00:07:49,230
ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุตุงุฑ
104
00:07:49,230 --> 00:07:55,840
ู…ุบู„ู‚ูƒู…ุงู† ุฅูŠุด ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุตุงุฑุงุช ู…ูˆู„ู‚ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ู†ุนุฏ ู…ุน
105
00:07:55,840 --> 00:08:02,480
ุจุนุถ ุฃูƒู… ู…ุตุงุฑ ู…ูˆู„ู‚ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุตุงุฑ ู…ูˆู„ู‚
106
00:08:02,480 --> 00:08:09,000
ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุงุฑู‚ุชุด ุนู†ู‡ ุทูˆูŠู„ ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุตุงุฑ ู…ูˆู„ู‚
107
00:08:09,000 --> 00:08:13,950
ู‚ุฏูŠุณ ุตุงุฑูˆุง ุฃุฑุจุน ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ูŠุช ุฃุนุฏ ุฃู†ุงุŸูุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ู„ุง
108
00:08:13,950 --> 00:08:17,150
ูŠุญุตู… ุงู„ู…ู„ู‚ู‚ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ู„ุงุฒู… ุฃู‚ุนุฏ ุนู†ุฏ ููŠู‡ู… ู‡ูŠุตุงุฑ
109
00:08:17,150 --> 00:08:22,650
ุฃุฑุจุน ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุตุงุฑ ู…ุบู„ู‚ุŒ ุฃูŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง
110
00:08:22,650 --> 00:08:27,930
ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุบู„ู‚ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุนุฑูŠูู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
111
00:08:27,930 --> 00:08:34,600
ุจุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉูˆุจุฑุฌุน ู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุจุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆุจุฑุฌุน
112
00:08:34,600 --> 00:08:39,340
ู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุตุงุฑุงุช ู…ูˆู„ู‚ุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ู‚ ู‡ูˆ
113
00:08:39,340 --> 00:08:44,500
ู†ุตุงุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ loop ุงู„ closed loop ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุตุงุฑ
114
00:08:44,500 --> 00:08:47,220
ุจุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† node ูˆุจุฑุฌุน ู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
115
00:09:01,110 --> 00:09:04,710
ู‡ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ loops ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฑุณู…ุชู„ูƒู… ุฅูŠุงู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ
116
00:09:04,710 --> 00:09:10,550
ุจุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ู‡ุฐุง
117
00:09:10,550 --> 00:09:14,770
ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ loops ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฑุณู…ุชู‡ู… ู‡ุงูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ
118
00:09:14,770 --> 00:09:19,170
ูƒู…ุงู† ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุชุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงุญู†ุง ููŠู‡
119
00:09:19,170 --> 00:09:23,370
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูƒุฃู†ู‡ jump ู„ูƒู† ููŠ voltage ู…ุงุจูŠู†ุฃู‡ ุฏุฑุงุณุงู†ุชู‡ ุนู†
120
00:09:23,370 --> 00:09:27,590
ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฑ ูุงู†ุง ุจุฌู…ุน ุงูˆ ุจุฑูˆุญู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฑุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ูุงุญูŠุงู†ุง
121
00:09:27,590 --> 00:09:31,150
ูŠุณู…ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุตุงุฑ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ending voltage element
122
00:09:31,150 --> 00:09:36,310
ููŠู‡ ending voltage ุงุฐุง ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุตุงุฑ ู…ุบู„ู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฑ
123
00:09:36,310 --> 00:09:41,770
ู…ุงู„ู‡ ู…ุด ู…ุบู„ู‚ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฏุฃ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆู…ุงุฑุฌุนุด ู„ู†ูุณ
124
00:09:41,770 --> 00:09:46,310
ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆู‚ู ู‡ู†ุง ูู‡ุฐุง ู…ุตุงุฑ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุบู„ู‚ ู‡ุฐุง loop ุบูŠุฑ
125
00:09:46,310 --> 00:09:46,830
ู…ุบู„ู‚
126
00:09:51,300 --> 00:09:54,000
ุจู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ู€ Currency of Laws ุตุฑู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู„
127
00:09:54,000 --> 00:09:56,800
parameters ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู…ูŠู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† Currency of
128
00:09:56,800 --> 00:09:59,960
Current Law ูˆ Currency of Voltage Law Currency of
129
00:09:59,960 --> 00:10:04,600
Current Law ุงู†ุง ุจู†ุฎุชุตุฑู‡ ุจKCL KCL ุฅูŠุด ุจู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุฏู‡
130
00:10:04,600 --> 00:10:09,660
ุงู„ุฌุจุฑูŠูƒ summation of currents through any node
131
00:10:09,660 --> 00:10:13,970
must equal zero ุตุฑู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ nodeู…ุฌู…ูˆุน
132
00:10:13,970 --> 00:10:18,190
ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑุงุช ุนู†ุฏ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู„ุงุฒู… ุณุงูˆู‰ 0 ู„ูƒู† ุงู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุจุฏุฃ ุงุฑุฌุน
133
00:10:18,190 --> 00:10:22,150
ู„ node ู‡ุงูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทุจุนุง ุฑุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ element
134
00:10:22,150 --> 00:10:25,230
ู‡ุงูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† element ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ elements ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู†
135
00:10:25,230 --> 00:10:30,410
current source voltage source ู…ู‚ุงู…ุฉ ู…ูƒุณุจ inductor
136
00:10:30,410 --> 00:10:33,970
ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ูŠุง ุชูŠุงุฑุงุช ุฏุงุฎู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ node ูŠุง ุทุงู„ุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„
137
00:10:33,970 --> 00:10:38,110
node ุตุญูŠุญุŸ
138
00:10:38,750 --> 00:10:41,690
ุทุจ ุงู†ุง ุจุญูƒูŠ ุงู„ุฌุจุฑูŠูƒุณุงู… ุงู„ุฌุจุฑูŠูƒุณุงู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฌู…ุนู‡
139
00:10:41,690 --> 00:10:44,390
ู…ุงู†ูุนุด ุงู† ุงุฌู…ุนู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠู‡ู… ูˆ ุงุชุทู„ุนูŠู‡ู… ู†ูุณ
140
00:10:44,390 --> 00:10:48,010
ุงู„ุงุดูŠุงุก ูุฅุฐุง ู„ุงุฒู… ุฃุนุทูŠ sign ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุฐูŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ูˆ ู„ู„ุฐูŠ
141
00:10:48,010 --> 00:10:52,090
ุทุงู„ุน ุฅุฐุง ูุฑุถู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทู„ุนูŠู‡ ุจุชุนุทูŠู‡ู… ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ
142
00:10:52,090 --> 00:11:01,130
positive sign ู„ู„ currency leaving ูˆ
143
00:11:01,130 --> 00:11:04,350
ุจุชุนุทูŠ negative sign ู„ู„ูƒุฑู†ุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ู„ู‡ู… entering
144
00:11:04,350 --> 00:11:09,630
ุชูุชุฑุฉุŸ ู†ุนู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุทุจ ุชู„ู…ู† ุจุนุชุจุชู‡ ู‡ูƒุฐุงุŸุชู…ุงู… ุงุญู†ุง
145
00:11:09,630 --> 00:11:13,430
ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุงู„ู†ุง ู‡ู†ุนุชู…ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ูุฑุถ ุตุญ ูƒู„ุงู…ูƒ ุฃูˆู„ุง ู‡ูˆ ูุฑุถ ูˆ
146
00:11:13,430 --> 00:11:16,690
ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ุนุชู…ุฏู‡ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุงู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทุงู„ุน ู‚ุทูŠ ู…ุฌุจูˆ ู„ุฏุงุฎู„
147
00:11:16,690 --> 00:11:20,030
ุงู„ุณุงู„ู ู„ูƒู† ู„ูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ูุฑุถ ู„ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ุจุฌู…ุน ุนุงู…ุฉ ู†ุตุงู… ุฎู„ู†ุง
148
00:11:20,030 --> 00:11:26,590
ู†ุฏู‰ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุฏุงุฎู„ minus ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทุงู„ุน ุชู†ูŠู† ุทุงู„ุน
149
00:11:26,590 --> 00:11:34,270
ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุทุงู„ุน ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠุŸ Zero ูˆ ู„ุง
150
00:11:34,270 --> 00:11:37,450
ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุณูุฑ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุถุฑุจุชู‡ู… ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
151
00:11:37,450 --> 00:11:41,050
ุงู„ูุฑุถ ุงู„ู…ุนุงูƒุณ ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุชู‡ู… ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงุนุชุจุฑุช
152
00:11:41,050 --> 00:11:45,230
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทุงู„ุน ุณุงู„ุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ูุฑุถูŠู† ุตุญูŠู†
153
00:11:45,230 --> 00:11:48,910
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูุฑุถ ู„ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุงู„ู†ุง ู‡ู†ุนุชู…ุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทุงู„ุน
154
00:11:48,910 --> 00:11:53,130
ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุณุงู„ุจ ู‡ู‰ ูƒู…ุงู† ุณุคุงู„ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒ ุณุคุงู„ ููŠ
155
00:11:53,130 --> 00:11:58,960
ุบูŠุฑู‡ุŸ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง ุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉู†ุฌูŠ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
156
00:11:58,960 --> 00:12:03,480
ุงุญู†ุง ุดูˆูู†ุงู‡ ูˆุงุชุฃูƒุฏู†ุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆุงู‚ุชู†ุนุชู‡ ุงู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
157
00:12:03,480 --> 00:12:08,680
ู…ุนู„ู…ุฉ ุจุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุฎุถุฑ ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง node ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ node ุงุฐุง
158
00:12:08,680 --> 00:12:12,060
ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑุงุช ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงูŠุด ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุณุงูˆูŠุŸ Zero
159
00:12:12,060 --> 00:12:21,930
ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ minus IAุฒุงุฆุฏ ic ู†ุงู‚ุต id ุฒุงุฆุฏ ie ู†ุงู‚ุต
160
00:12:21,930 --> 00:12:23,530
ie ู†ุงู‚ุต ie ู†ุงู‚ุต ie ู†ุงู‚ุต ie ู†ุงู‚ุต ie ู†ุงู‚ุต ie ู†ุงู‚ุต ie
161
00:12:23,530 --> 00:12:26,310
ู†ุงู‚ุต ie ู†ุงู‚ุต ie ู†ุงู‚ุต ie ู†ุงู‚ุต ie ู†ุงู‚ุต ie ู†ุงู‚ุต ie
162
00:12:26,310 --> 00:12:28,870
ู†ุงู‚ุต ie ู†ุงู‚ุต ie ู†ุงู‚ุต ie ู†ุงู‚ุต ie ู†ุงู‚ุต ie ู†ุงู‚ุต ie
163
00:12:28,870 --> 00:12:28,870
ู†ุงู‚ุต ie ู†ุงู‚ุต ie ู†ุงู‚ุต ie ู†ุงู‚ุต ie ู†ุงู‚ุต ie ู†ุงู‚ุต ie
164
00:12:28,870 --> 00:12:30,210
ู†ุงู‚ุต ie ู†ุงู‚ุต ie ู†ุงู‚ุต ie ู†ุงู‚ุต ie ู†ุงู‚ุต ie ู†ุงู‚ุต ie
165
00:12:30,210 --> 00:12:30,850
ู†ุงู‚ุต ie ู†ุงู‚ุต ie ู†ุงู‚ุต ie ู†ุงู‚ุต ie ู†ุงู‚ุต ie ู†ุงู‚ุต ie
166
00:12:30,850 --> 00:12:42,770
ู†ุงู‚ุต ie ู†ุงู‚ุต ie ู†ุงู‚ุต ie ู†ุงู‚ุต ie ู†ุงู‚ุต
167
00:12:42,770 --> 00:12:47,950
ie ู†ูƒูŠู ุชุดูˆู voltage low ุจู„ุฒู… ู†ู…ูŠู„ู‡ ุงู„ loop ุงู„
168
00:12:47,950 --> 00:12:53,690
closed loop ุจู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุงุจ ุฑูŠูƒุฒ ู‡ู…ุงุดู† ูˆ ู voltages
169
00:12:53,690 --> 00:12:58,710
around any closed loop ุงุดู…ุงู„ู‡ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุณูุฑ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุงู„
170
00:12:58,710 --> 00:13:06,290
voltages ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ู…ุตุงุฑ ู…ุบู„ู‚ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุณูุฑ ู…ุซุงู„ ุงุญู†ุง
171
00:13:06,290 --> 00:13:12,650
ุดูู†ุง ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ loop ุงู„ loop ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ู…ุงู„ู‡ ู…ุตุงุฑ ู…ุบู„ู‚
172
00:13:12,650 --> 00:13:18,740
ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู…ู† ุฃุณูู„ูˆ ุฌุงูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆ ู‡ูŠูƒุŒ
173
00:13:18,740 --> 00:13:24,020
ุฑุงุฌุน ู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ summation ุนู„ู‰
174
00:13:24,020 --> 00:13:27,820
ุงู„ voltages ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ closed loop ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ loop ุงู„ุฃูˆู„
175
00:13:27,820 --> 00:13:32,200
ู‡ุณู…ูŠู‡ ู‡ุงุฎุฏ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ู‡ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ูƒูˆู† ุจ south
176
00:13:32,200 --> 00:13:35,620
center ุทุจ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ summation ู…ุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฌุจุฑูƒ
177
00:13:35,620 --> 00:13:39,640
ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† voltage rise ูˆ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง voltage
178
00:13:39,640 --> 00:13:43,620
drop ู…ู†ูุนุด ุฃุฌู…ุนู‡ู… ุฒูŠ ุจุนุถ ู„ุงุฒู… ุฃุนุทูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ reference
179
00:13:43,620 --> 00:13:47,540
ู…ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ voltage ุจู…ูŠุฒุฉ rise ูˆ drop ู‡ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ุนุทูŠ
180
00:13:47,540 --> 00:13:50,900
plus ู„ู„ voltage drop
181
00:13:56,170 --> 00:14:01,410
ูˆ ู‡ุนุทูŠ negative ู„ู„ voltage rise ุงุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰
182
00:14:01,410 --> 00:14:04,790
voltage rise ูˆ voltage drop ูˆ ุจุฏู‰ ุงุฌู…ุน ุงู„ voltages
183
00:14:04,790 --> 00:14:08,510
ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูˆุจ ุงู„ุงูˆู„ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ู„ุงุฒู… ุณุงูˆ ุณูุฑ ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑุฉ
184
00:14:08,510 --> 00:14:13,310
ุงุชูุถู„ ู…ุด ู‡ู… ูƒูŠู ู‡ู… ุตุงุฑูˆุง ู…ู„ู‚ุงู„ุฉ ู…ุด ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุจุฑุน
185
00:14:13,310 --> 00:14:19,150
ุชู‚ุงุฑุจู‡ู…ูˆูŠู† RDุŸ RD ุฃุตุฏู‚ุงุกุŸ ู„ุฃ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุชุจุน ู‡ูˆ
186
00:14:19,150 --> 00:14:22,770
ู…ุงุดูŠ ู…ู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ node ู…ุฑู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ voltage source ู…ุฑู‚
187
00:14:22,770 --> 00:14:26,250
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ voltage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง VX ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุตุฏุฑู‡ ุงู„
188
00:14:26,250 --> 00:14:29,270
voltage ุจูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทูŠู† ุจุณ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ู†ุง voltage ูˆ
189
00:14:29,270 --> 00:14:34,010
ุจุนุฏูŠู† ูƒู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ VE ูˆ RF RE ู…ุชุงุณูุฉ ูˆ RF ูˆ ุฑุฌุน ู„ู†ูุณ
190
00:14:34,010 --> 00:14:39,740
ุงู„ู…ู‚ุทุฉุฃุญู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ element ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ VX ููŠ voltage
191
00:14:39,740 --> 00:14:42,780
ูุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุฑุฌุนุช ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฏุฃุช ูˆ ุฑุฌุนุช ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูู‡ูŠ
192
00:14:42,780 --> 00:14:47,000
ู…ุตุงุฑ ู…ุบู„ู‚ุฉ ุทุจ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุชุณุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ู†ุง ูˆ
193
00:14:47,000 --> 00:14:51,380
ู†ุญุณุจ ุงู„ voltage ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ loop ุชุจุนูŠ ู‡ู†ุง
194
00:14:51,380 --> 00:14:54,040
ุงู„ voltage VA ู…ุนู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ voltage rise ุฅุฐุง
195
00:14:54,040 --> 00:15:00,540
minus VA ู…ุนุงูŠุงุŸ ู…ุนุงูŠุง ุฃู†ุชุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุงุด ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† VX
196
00:15:00,540 --> 00:15:07,670
voltage drop ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง plus VXุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ voltage rise
197
00:15:07,670 --> 00:15:15,250
minus VE ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ plus VF ู„ุฅู†ู‡ุง voltage dropุŒ
198
00:15:15,250 --> 00:15:18,570
bravo ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฎู„ุงุต ุฑุฌุนู†ุง ู„ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ู„ุฅู† ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุฅู†
199
00:15:18,570 --> 00:15:25,510
ู‡ูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉุŒ ูุฏู‡ ุญุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ZeroุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
200
00:15:25,510 --> 00:15:31,280
ููŠ ุฃูŠ ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุญุฏ ู‡ู†ุงุŸู„ุฐู† ุดูˆูู†ุง loop ู…ุบู„ู‚ ูƒู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰
201
00:15:31,280 --> 00:15:35,200
cartoon voltage law ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌู…ุนู„ูŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ element
202
00:15:35,200 --> 00:15:37,700
ุงุนุชุจุฑู†ุง ุงู„ voltage drop ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูˆ ุงู„ voltage rise
203
00:15:37,700 --> 00:15:41,340
ุณุงู„ุจ ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุง ูƒุชุจุชู‡ุง minus va plus
204
00:15:41,340 --> 00:15:49,940
vx minus ve plus vf ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ zero ุฏู‡
205
00:15:49,940 --> 00:15:52,140
ุทุจุนุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู† ู…ุตุงุฑ ู…ูุชูˆุญ
206
00:15:58,060 --> 00:16:01,200
ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ
207
00:16:01,200 --> 00:16:03,880
ุงุณุชุฎุฏู… ูู‚ุท kerchief voltage low ูˆ kerchief current
208
00:16:03,880 --> 00:16:07,660
low ู„ุญู„ู„ ุงูŠ ุงูˆ ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุงูŠ ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุนุฑู ู‚ุฏุงุด
209
00:16:07,660 --> 00:16:11,180
ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู‡ูŠู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู‡ูŠู„ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฌูŠุจ
210
00:16:11,180 --> 00:16:14,060
ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุงุช ุงุฐุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… kerchief voltage low ูˆ
211
00:16:14,060 --> 00:16:17,700
kerchief current low ู‡ุงุฌูŠุจ ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุงุช ุจุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู‡ูŠู„
212
00:16:17,700 --> 00:16:21,980
ุนุดุงู† ุงุญู„ ู„ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ announced ู‡ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู† ุงู„ kerchief
213
00:16:21,980 --> 00:16:24,300
current low ูˆ kerchief voltage low
214
00:16:26,710 --> 00:16:29,550
ุทุจ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฃู…ุงู…ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฃู…ุงู…ู†ุง
215
00:16:29,550 --> 00:16:35,750
ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ููŠู‡ุง voltage source ูˆู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุชูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
216
00:16:35,750 --> 00:16:42,130
ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุงุณู…ู‡ุง R4 ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ R3 ู‚ูŠู…ุชู‡ 24 Ohm ูˆR300 ูˆููŠู‡
217
00:16:42,130 --> 00:16:45,730
ุนู†ุฏู‰ independent voltage source ู‡ุฐุง independent
218
00:16:45,730 --> 00:16:50,980
ุงุชุนูˆุฏู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‚ูŠู…ุชู‡ 3 Voltุทุงู„ุจ ู…ู†ูŠ ุงู† ุงุฌูŠุจ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ Vx
219
00:16:50,980 --> 00:16:56,440
ูˆ Ix ู‡ู… ูŠุญุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงูŠุงู‡ู… ู…ุด ูุฑุถูŠุฉ ุฏูˆู„ุฉ Vx ูˆ Ix ู‡ูŠ
220
00:16:56,440 --> 00:16:59,280
voltage ูˆ current ู‡ูˆ ุญุทุชู„ูŠ ุงูŠุงู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ูˆ
221
00:16:59,280 --> 00:17:03,180
ุทุงู„ุจ ู‚ูŠู…ู‡ู… ู„ูˆ ู…ุงุญุทู„ูŠุด ุงูŠุงู‡ู… ุตุนุจ ุฌุฏุง ุงู† ุงุชู†ุจุฃ ุงูŠุด
222
00:17:03,180 --> 00:17:07,080
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูˆูŠุงู‡ ู„ูˆ ู…ุงุญุทู„ูŠุด ุงู„ุณู‡ู… ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ Vx ู…ุด ู‡ุนุฑู
223
00:17:07,080 --> 00:17:13,080
ุนู† ุงู„ Vx ูˆ Ix ูู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุญุทู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠุด ุทุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุถุญุŸุทุจ ุงุญู†ุง
224
00:17:13,080 --> 00:17:15,860
ู‡ู†ุณุชุนูŠู† ูƒูŠุฑุชุด of current low ุงูˆ ูƒูŠุฑุชุด of voltage
225
00:17:15,860 --> 00:17:19,640
low ุนุดุงู† ุงุญู„ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุฅู†ูŠ ุจุนุฑู ุฃูŠ ุฅุดูŠ
226
00:17:19,640 --> 00:17:24,100
ุฅู„ุง ุจุณ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุง ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠู† ุฒุงุฆุฏ ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† POM ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุฃูˆู„
227
00:17:24,100 --> 00:17:28,120
ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุฅู†ูŠ ุฃูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู†ุงู‚ุตุฉ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„
228
00:17:28,120 --> 00:17:34,940
voltage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† R4 ุจุฏูŠ ุฃูุฑุถู‡ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง V4 ูˆ
229
00:17:34,940 --> 00:17:40,120
ูƒู…ุงู† ุฅูŠุด ู†ุงู‚ุต ุนู†ุฏูŠุŸ ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ ู…ุฑููŠ R3 ู‡ุชูุชุฑุถู‡ ุงู†ู‡ I3
230
00:17:40,120 --> 00:17:45,900
ุฃูˆ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุญุณูŠู† ุงู†ุง if voltage current low of
231
00:17:45,900 --> 00:17:48,420
voltage ูƒูŠุฑุชุดูˆู current low of voltage ูƒูŠุฑุชุดูˆู
232
00:17:48,420 --> 00:17:55,000
voltage low ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจูƒูŠุฑุชุดูˆู current low ุญุณูŠู† ูƒูŠุฑุชุดูˆู
233
00:17:55,000 --> 00:18:00,620
current low ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ node ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ node ู„ุงุฒู…
234
00:18:00,620 --> 00:18:05,660
ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ ุงุด ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุชูŠุงุฑูŠู† ุทุงู„ุนูŠู†
235
00:18:05,660 --> 00:18:11,620
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ minus IX ูˆ minus I3 ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุณูุฑูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงุฏ ุฅูŠุด
236
00:18:11,620 --> 00:18:19,560
ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ุฅู†ู‡ I 3 ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุงู„ุจ I X ุฃูˆ I X ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ
237
00:18:19,560 --> 00:18:25,160
ุณุงู„ุจ I 3ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญูƒูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุนุงุฑููŠู†ู‡ ู…ุณุจู‚ุงู‹ุŒ
238
00:18:25,160 --> 00:18:28,940
ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู† ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉุŒ ุงุญู†ุง
239
00:18:28,940 --> 00:18:31,760
ู…ุง ุฌูŠุจู†ุงู‡ุง ุณูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูˆุงู„ูŠ ูˆุงู„ุชูˆุงุฒูŠุŒ ุจุณ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู†
240
00:18:31,760 --> 00:18:34,840
ู…ุณุจู‚ุงู‹ ุงู† ู„ูˆ ููŠ elements ุงู†ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูˆุงู„ูŠุŒ ู…ุด ุทูŠุงุฑุฉ
241
00:18:34,840 --> 00:18:39,580
ููŠู‡ู… ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุงุดูŠุŒ ูุฏู‡ ู„ุณู‡ ุงู†ุชุฌู†ุงู‡ุŒ ุงู† I3 ุงูˆ IX
242
00:18:39,580 --> 00:18:43,420
ุงุชุฌุงู‡ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ I3 ูˆ ุจูŠุณูˆูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑุŒ
243
00:18:43,420 --> 00:18:46,140
ู‡ุงูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ูุงู„ elements ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰
244
00:18:46,140 --> 00:18:51,690
ุงู„ุชูˆุงู„ูŠุŒ ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ู… ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑุทุจุนุงุŸ
245
00:18:51,690 --> 00:18:55,710
ู„ูŠุด ุญุทูŠู†ุง I ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ุณุงู„ุจุŸ ู‡ูˆ ุงุตู„ุง .. ู‡ูˆ ู…ุงุนุทูŠู†ุง
246
00:18:55,710 --> 00:18:59,150
I X ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงุนุทูŠู†ุง ุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ I X ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ูุฑุถู†ุง
247
00:18:59,150 --> 00:19:02,490
ุชุฌุงู‡ .. ูุฑุถู†ุง ุฃู†ุง ู…ุงุนุฑูุด ุฅูŠุด I ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงุนุฑูุด
248
00:19:02,490 --> 00:19:06,610
ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุชูˆุงู„ูŠ ูˆุงู„ุชูˆุงุฒู† ูˆ ุฃุซุจุชู†ุงู‡ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃู†ุง ู‚ุฑุฑุช ุฅู† I
249
00:19:06,610 --> 00:19:09,630
ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ูŠุชุฌุงู‡ู‡ุง ูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุช ุงู„ node ูุงู„ node ู‚ุงู„ุชู„ูŠ
250
00:19:09,630 --> 00:19:12,050
ุฅู† I ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุงู„ุจ I X
251
00:19:15,040 --> 00:19:17,800
ู‡ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุชู†ุง ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุนู„ู‰
252
00:19:17,800 --> 00:19:20,820
ุทูˆู„ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑ ุจู…ูˆุฑูู‡ R ุชู„ุงุชู‡ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุงู‚ุตู‡ ุจู…ูˆุฑูู‡
253
00:19:20,820 --> 00:19:24,000
R ุฃุฑุจุน ุตุญุŸ ุงู‡ ุฃู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ุช ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุทุจุนุง ู„ูƒู† ุฃู†ุง
254
00:19:24,000 --> 00:19:27,300
ุจูุชุฑุถ ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุด ุนุงุฑููŠู† ููุฑุถุชูŠ ุงู†ู‡ I ุชู„ุงุชู‡ ุงู† ูƒู„
255
00:19:27,300 --> 00:19:29,580
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฑูู‡ ุจุณ ูƒุชุด of current low ูƒุชุด of voltage
256
00:19:29,580 --> 00:19:33,330
lowูุงูุชุฑุถุช ุงู† ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑ ู…ูุฑูุน R ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ูˆ I
257
00:19:33,330 --> 00:19:36,150
ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ู‡ ูู‡ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ุช Kirchhoff Current
258
00:19:36,150 --> 00:19:40,230
Law ูุงูŠุด ู‚ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุบุตุจ ุนู†ู‡ู… ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุจุนุถ ู‡ุฐุง
259
00:19:40,230 --> 00:19:43,850
ุจู‚ูˆู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑู‡ู… ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุงุชุฌุงู‡ู‡ ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ
260
00:19:43,850 --> 00:19:47,490
ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ูุฑุถ ู‡ูˆ ุงุตู„ุง ุงุชุฌุงู‡ู‡ ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
261
00:19:47,490 --> 00:19:51,630
ุจูŠุฃูƒุฏู„ูŠ ุงู† ุงู„ elements ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูˆุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ู… ู†ูุณ
262
00:19:51,630 --> 00:19:57,610
ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑ ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑุง ูˆ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ู…ุด ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ
263
00:19:57,610 --> 00:20:02,610
ู„ู…ุง ู†ูƒูˆู† ุทุงู„ุน ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ูˆ ู†ูƒูˆู† ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุฃูˆ
264
00:20:02,610 --> 00:20:08,610
ุทุงู„ุน ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ high note ุฅุฐุง
265
00:20:08,610 --> 00:20:13,530
ุฏุงุฎู„ ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุณุงู„ุจ ุฅุฐุง ุทุงู„ุน ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุฅุญู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุงุก
266
00:20:13,530 --> 00:20:15,970
ุฃุตุฏู‚ูŠู†ุง ุฅุดุงุฑุงุช ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุจู‚ูŠุช ุฃุณูุฉ ุตุญ ูƒู„ุงู…ุŒ ูุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู†
267
00:20:15,970 --> 00:20:20,910
ุทุงู„ุนูŠู†ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠูŠู† ุทุงู„ุนูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠูŠู† ุทุงู„ุนูŠู†ุŒ ูุนู†ุฏ I X
268
00:20:20,910 --> 00:20:23,690
ุฒุงุฏ I ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจูŠุณุงูˆุฉ ุตูุฑ ุนุดุงู† I ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจูŠุณุงูˆุฉ minus I
269
00:20:23,690 --> 00:20:26,950
X ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ convention ุชุจุนู†ุงุŒ ุจุณ ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠุช ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠูŠู†
270
00:20:26,950 --> 00:20:29,070
ุณุงู„ุจูŠู† ูˆ ุงุนุชุจุฑุช ุฃู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทุงู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠูŠู† ุณุงู„ุจุŒ
271
00:20:29,070 --> 00:20:33,930
ู„ุฃุดู‡ุฑุŒ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุฃู†ูŠ ู…ู…ุฒุฌุดุŒ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุญุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆ
272
00:20:33,930 --> 00:20:39,610
ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทุงู„ุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸุฅุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ
273
00:20:39,610 --> 00:20:46,370
ุงุณุชู†ุชุฌู†ุงู‡ุง ุฅู†ู‡ I ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุงู„ุจ I X ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ
274
00:20:46,370 --> 00:20:50,150
ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃูƒุชุจ ุงู„ voltages ุญุณุจ Kirchhoff voltage
275
00:20:50,150 --> 00:20:55,750
ู„ูˆ ุฅูŠุด voltage ู„ูˆ ู‚ุงู„ูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุงู„ voltages ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูˆุจ
276
00:20:55,750 --> 00:20:58,090
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุญุณู…ูŠู‡ Loop ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุง node ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏ
277
00:20:58,090 --> 00:21:01,350
node ูˆุงุญุฏ ุญุณุจู†ุง ูˆุนู†ุฏ Loop ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุงู„ voltages
278
00:21:01,350 --> 00:21:08,970
ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠุŸ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑู…ุด ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†ูŠู† ุฏูŠุŸ minus vs ู„ูŠุด
279
00:21:08,970 --> 00:21:16,190
vs minus ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง voltage rise minus vs plus v4
280
00:21:16,190 --> 00:21:20,690
voltage drop plus
281
00:21:20,690 --> 00:21:27,670
v3 ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง voltage drop ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุณูุฑุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ู… ู…ู† ุงู„
282
00:21:27,670 --> 00:21:32,310
slides ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ minus VS ุฒุงุฆุฏ V4 ุฒุงุฆุฏ V3
283
00:21:32,310 --> 00:21:36,530
ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุณูุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ู…ุงุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู† ุงุฌูŠุจ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ V4 ูˆ V3
284
00:21:36,530 --> 00:21:42,690
ุงูŠุด V4 ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠุŸ V4 ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุญุงุตู„ ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ current ููŠ ุงู„
285
00:21:42,690 --> 00:21:45,650
voltage ุจุณ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุจู‚ู‰ ูˆู„ุง ุณุงู„ุจุฉ ุฏู‡ ุฑุฌุน ุงู„
286
00:21:45,650 --> 00:21:48,470
passive sign convention ุงู„ current ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„
287
00:21:48,470 --> 00:21:51,290
voltage rise ุงุฐุง ุงู† ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุณุงู„ุจุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†
288
00:21:51,290 --> 00:21:58,600
minus IX ููŠ R4 ุทุจ V3ุนู†ุฏูŠ I ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„
289
00:21:58,600 --> 00:22:03,200
voltage dropุŒ ุงุฐุง ุงู† ู‡ูŠ I ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ููŠ R ุซู„ุงุซุฉุŒ
290
00:22:03,200 --> 00:22:08,040
ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุจู‚ู‰ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
291
00:22:08,040 --> 00:22:10,700
ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ู‡ูˆุถุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูŠุŒ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ
292
00:22:10,700 --> 00:22:14,140
ุนู†ุฏูŠุŸ minus VS ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ minus ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
293
00:22:17,950 --> 00:22:23,610
V4 ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง V4ุŸ minus IXR4
294
00:22:23,610 --> 00:22:29,770
ูˆ V3 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ plus I3 ูˆ I3 ุงูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠุŸ minus
295
00:22:29,770 --> 00:22:36,230
IX ูŠุนู†ูŠ plus minus IX ููŠ R3 ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุณูุฑุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ
296
00:22:36,230 --> 00:22:40,740
ุฃุฌูŠุจ IX ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸุงู„ู€ minus ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุฃุทุฑุงู
297
00:22:40,740 --> 00:22:48,320
ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† I X ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุซุงู„ุซ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰ R ุฃุฑุจุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ R
298
00:22:48,320 --> 00:22:52,340
ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ุทุจุนุงุŸ ูˆ ู„ูŠู‡ Voltage IุŸ Voltage ุฃุฑุจุน ุนู„ู‰
299
00:22:52,340 --> 00:22:57,520
ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉุŒ Voltage ุฃุฑุจุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ูŠู‡ Voltage ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŒ
300
00:22:57,520 --> 00:23:02,920
ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฃุฎุฏุชู‡ voltage drop ู‡ุฐุง V R ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŒ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง
301
00:23:02,920 --> 00:23:08,280
plus minus V X ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณู‡ V R ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
302
00:23:11,230 --> 00:23:15,930
ุงู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ุงุฐุง .. ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
303
00:23:15,930 --> 00:23:23,070
ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู†ุง ูุฑุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุทูŠุชู‡ุง ูˆ I ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
304
00:23:23,070 --> 00:23:29,730
ูุฑุถูŠุฉ ู‡ู… ูŠุนุทูŠู„ูŠ I X ูˆู…ุนุทูŠู„ูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† V X ู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง
305
00:23:29,730 --> 00:23:32,690
ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠุช ุฃุญู„ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‚ู„ุช ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃุดูŠุงุก
306
00:23:32,690 --> 00:23:37,500
ู…ุด ู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃูุฑุถู‡ุงููุชุฑุช ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ polarity ุนู„ู‰ R
307
00:23:37,500 --> 00:23:42,600
ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆูุฑุช ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ ููŠ R ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ูุฑุทุŒ
308
00:23:42,600 --> 00:23:46,740
ุงู„ูุฑุทูŠุฉุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ุงุฐู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ slideุŒ
309
00:23:46,740 --> 00:23:48,200
ู†ู…ุดูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ slide
310
00:23:55,120 --> 00:24:00,840
ู‡ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุง minus Vs ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒูŠ V4 ุฒูŠ Vx ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุณูุฑ ุนูˆุถู†ุง
311
00:24:00,840 --> 00:24:05,160
ุนู† Vs ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏ V4 ูˆ Vx ุจุชุนุจุฑ ุนู†ู‡ู…
312
00:24:05,160 --> 00:24:10,120
ุงู„ุฏู„ุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ currents ุจุชุทู„ุน ู…ุนุงูŠุง ุงู† Ix ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุงู„ุฏ
313
00:24:10,120 --> 00:24:14,800
ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู…ู„ูŠ ุฃู…ุจูŠุฑ ุนุฑูู†ุง Ix ุทุจ ุจูŠู†ุง ู…ูŠู† ุชู…ุงู…ุงุŸ
314
00:24:14,800 --> 00:24:20,620
Vx ุทุจ Vx ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠุŸ Vx ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ I ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ R
315
00:24:20,620 --> 00:24:31,070
ุชู„ุงุชุฉVx ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ I3 ููŠ R3 ูˆ I3 ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุงู„ุจ Ix ุฅุฐู† Vx
316
00:24:31,070 --> 00:24:37,150
ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ I3 ููŠ R3 ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุงู„ุจ Ix ููŠ R3 ูุจุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰
317
00:24:37,150 --> 00:24:42,790
ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ Vx ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ 2.5 V ููŠ
318
00:24:42,790 --> 00:24:47,670
ุฃูŠ ุตูุตุงุฑุŸ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ูŠูุญุต ู‚ุฏุงุด ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุชู†ุง ุนู„ู‰
319
00:24:47,670 --> 00:24:48,790
ุฃู† ุฃุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ notes
320
00:24:51,850 --> 00:24:55,390
ุฃูƒู… ู†ูˆุถ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฃูƒู…
321
00:24:55,390 --> 00:24:59,830
ู†ูˆุถ ุฃู†ุง ู‡ุณุงุนุฏูƒู… ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุชุฃูƒุฏุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ุตุญ ุชูู‡ู…ุชู‡
322
00:24:59,830 --> 00:25:05,790
ุงู†ู‡ ุณู„ูƒ ุจูŠูˆุตู„ ู„ ู†ูˆุถ ุจุณ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
323
00:25:05,790 --> 00:25:16,770
ุจูƒู…ู„ู‡ุง ุจู‡ุงูŠ ุจูƒู…ู„ู‡ุง ุจู‡ุงูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุณู„ูƒ ูˆ
324
00:25:16,770 --> 00:25:19,730
ุจูƒู…ู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† ููˆู‚ bravo ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูุฏู‡ ุณู„ูƒ
325
00:25:22,580 --> 00:25:27,040
ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง nodeุŒ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุงุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุฆุฑ ุนู†ุฏูƒุŒ ูŠูƒูˆู†
326
00:25:27,040 --> 00:25:30,700
ุนู†ุฏูƒ elements ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูˆ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฏุฎู„
327
00:25:30,700 --> 00:25:33,940
ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ element ุตุบูŠุฑุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุฏู„ุญู… ูƒู„ ุฏูˆู„ุฉุŒ ูุจุฏู„
328
00:25:33,940 --> 00:25:36,520
ู…ุง ุฃู„ุญู… ูˆ ุจู„ุญู… ุชู†ุชูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆ ุจุญุท ุณู„ูƒ ูˆ ุจู„ุญู…
329
00:25:36,520 --> 00:25:40,600
ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุฃูƒู… element ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ ู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ nodeุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ
330
00:25:40,600 --> 00:25:46,960
ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉุŒ ุณุชุฉุŒ ุณุจุนุฉุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุชุณุนุฉุŒ
331
00:25:46,960 --> 00:25:49,760
ุนุดุฑุŒ ุฃุญุฏ ุนุดุฑุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ูƒู†ุช ุงุณุชุฎุฏู… ูƒูŠุฑุชุด of current
332
00:25:49,760 --> 00:25:56,560
lawุŒ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ I ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ I ุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ I ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ I
333
00:25:56,560 --> 00:26:03,300
ุฃุฑุจุนุŒ I ุฎู…ุณุฉุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุจูุฑุถู‡ู… ูุฑุถูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด I ุณุชุฉุŒ I
334
00:26:03,300 --> 00:26:11,950
ุณุจุนุฉI ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ I ุชุณุนุฉ I ุนุดุงู† ู…ุง ู†ุณูŠ ุญุฏ ู…ู† ู†ุณูŠุช ูˆุงุญุฏ
335
00:26:11,950 --> 00:26:17,770
ู‡ุฐุง I ุชุญุฏ ุนุดุงู† ุนุฏูŠู†ุงู‡ู… 11 ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุฏูŠ 11
336
00:26:17,770 --> 00:26:22,350
unknown ู…ู† I ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ I ุญุฏุงุดุฑ node ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงุฐุง ู‡ุงูŠ one
337
00:26:22,350 --> 00:26:26,850
node ุทุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ู‡ุงูŠ node ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูƒุงู… element ู…ูˆุตูˆู„
338
00:26:26,850 --> 00:26:33,960
ููŠู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุงู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ nodesุงู„ู†ูˆุช
339
00:26:33,960 --> 00:26:37,660
ูƒู…ุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ุงูŠ ุฎู„ู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ู‡ุฏ ูƒูŠู ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ุฉ ู‡ู‰ ู‡ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ
340
00:26:37,660 --> 00:26:43,160
ูˆ ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ select ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ู…ูˆุฏูŠู†ู‰ ู„ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ู‡ู‰ ูƒู…ุงู†
341
00:26:43,160 --> 00:26:50,360
select ู‡ุฏ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู†ูˆุช ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุนุงูŠุงุŸ ู„ุฐุง ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ู†ูˆุช ูƒู„ู‡ุง
342
00:26:50,360 --> 00:26:57,650
element ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุฎู„ู†ุง ู†ุนุฏูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ
343
00:26:57,650 --> 00:27:06,090
ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉุŒ ุณุชุฉุŒ ุณุจุนุฉุŒ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุชุณุนุฉุŒ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุฃูƒู…
344
00:27:06,090 --> 00:27:19,030
ู†ูˆุช ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ู…ุชุงุณุŸ
345
00:27:19,030 --> 00:27:20,350
ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุชู„ูƒู… ุงู„ nodeุŸ
346
00:27:26,030 --> 00:27:34,970
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูˆุธุงู…ู† ุงูุนุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ูˆุช ุงุฐุง ููŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ
347
00:27:34,970 --> 00:27:38,130
ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ element ู…ุด ุณู„ูƒ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
348
00:27:38,130 --> 00:27:42,610
element ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุงูŠ note ุตุงุฑุช ุบูŠุฑ ุนู† ู‡ุงูŠ note ู„ูƒู†
349
00:27:42,610 --> 00:27:46,170
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู… ู…ูˆุตู„ูŠู† ุจุณู„ูƒ ุตุงุฑุช ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุงุชูุงู‚ุฉ
350
00:27:46,170 --> 00:27:51,190
ุชุจุนู†ุง ุงู† ู…ุงุฏุงู… ุณู„ูƒ ุงู„ุณู„ูƒ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ู…
351
00:27:51,190 --> 00:27:57,050
ู…ูˆุตู„ูŠู† ุจุฃุณู„ุงูƒู„ุฃ .. ู„ุฃ ุงู„ D ูˆ A ุจุชูุฑุญ ู†ู‡ุถูˆ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ
352
00:27:57,050 --> 00:28:01,180
ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ D ูˆ AุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ุขุฎุฑูˆูŠู† ู‡ุงู„ ุฏูŠุŸ ุฏูŠ .. ุฏูŠ ุฃุฎุฑ
353
00:28:01,180 --> 00:28:04,800
ุฅุดูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู‡ุง ุฏูŠุŸ ู„ุฃ ู‡ุฏุง .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุง ุฏูŠ
354
00:28:04,800 --> 00:28:09,920
ุฎู„ุงุต ู‡ูŠ ู…ุด .. ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ .. ู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ูˆุงุตู„ุฉ ู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ู…ุด
355
00:28:09,920 --> 00:28:13,420
ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ุฉ ุจุณ ููŠ ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ูˆุงุทุด ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆ ู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ู…ุด ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ุฉ
356
00:28:13,420 --> 00:28:16,080
ู…ุน element ุจุณ ููŠ ูˆุงุทุด ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุณ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ุฉ ..
357
00:28:16,080 --> 00:28:17,380
ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ุฉ .. ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ุฉ .. ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ุฉ
358
00:28:17,380 --> 00:28:17,560
.. ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ุฉ .. ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ุฉ .. ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช
359
00:28:17,560 --> 00:28:18,060
ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ุฉ .. ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ุฉ .. ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ุฉ .. ู„ูˆ
360
00:28:18,060 --> 00:28:23,120
ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ุฉ .. ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ุฉ .. ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ุฉ ..
361
00:28:23,120 --> 00:28:27,600
ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ุฉ ..ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ู…ู†ูƒูˆุง ูุงู‡ู…ูŠู† ูˆ
362
00:28:27,600 --> 00:28:30,780
ุชู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ู…ุด ูุงู‡ู…ูŠู† ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ู…ู†ูƒูˆุง ูุงู‡ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡
363
00:28:30,780 --> 00:28:36,580
node ุงูŠู‡ ูƒู… element ูˆุตุฉุŸ 1,2,3,4 ..ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุฉ ูŠุง ุนุทู„
364
00:28:36,580 --> 00:28:39,140
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ููŠ node ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุฃู†ุง ุฑูƒุฒุช
365
00:28:39,140 --> 00:28:41,980
ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ู†ุณูŠุช ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ู†ุต ูุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ูŠ element
366
00:28:41,980 --> 00:28:46,020
ูƒุจูŠุฑ node ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุตุฉ 11 element ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„
367
00:28:46,020 --> 00:28:51,140
node ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุตุฉ 1,2,3,4,5 ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„
368
00:28:51,140 --> 00:28:54,200
node ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ุงู„ node ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ุงู„ node ุงู„ู„ูŠ
369
00:28:54,200 --> 00:29:00,660
ู‡ู†ุงุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ู†ุฑุฌุน ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุงู„ nodeุŸ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุชุฃูƒุฏ
370
00:29:00,660 --> 00:29:03,980
ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ุทุงู„ุจุงุช ุบุงู„ุจุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณูˆูŠู‡ุŸ ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑูˆุง ุฌุฒุก
371
00:29:03,980 --> 00:29:06,480
ู…ู† ุงู„ node ู‡ูŠ node ูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจูŠุญุณุจูˆู‡ุง node ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
372
00:29:06,480 --> 00:29:09,300
ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุจุฏู„ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุช node ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุณุชุฉ ุจุฏู„
373
00:29:09,300 --> 00:29:12,020
ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุทูˆู‰ ุดูู†ุง ุจุณ ุณุชุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑูˆุง ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑ
374
00:29:12,020 --> 00:29:16,300
ูุจู†ุงู†ูŠ ู†ุชุจุน ุฅู† ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุตู„ูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
375
00:29:32,510 --> 00:29:35,710
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุจู‚ู‰ ุฅุฐุง ู†ุจู‚ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุตุงุฑ
376
00:29:35,710 --> 00:29:40,510
ูˆู‚ุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุญู„ู… ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ู‡ู„ ุฅูŠุงุชู‡ุง ุงู„
377
00:29:40,510 --> 00:29:47,970
equivalent circuit ู…ุนู†ู‰
378
00:29:47,970 --> 00:29:54,730
ูˆู‚ุช ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฅูŠุด
379
00:29:54,730 --> 00:29:57,070
ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ equivalent circuitุŸ ูƒู„ูƒู… ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ู„ุนุจุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
380
00:29:57,070 --> 00:30:01,330
ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชุฌู…ูŠุน ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ puzzleุŸุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ equivalent circuit
381
00:30:01,330 --> 00:30:05,430
ุงูŠุด ุงู„ puzzle ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฑูƒุจ ู„ุนุจุฉ ุฒูŠ
382
00:30:05,430 --> 00:30:09,670
ู‡ูŠูƒูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุทุนุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุช ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุท ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒููŠู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
383
00:30:09,670 --> 00:30:13,170
ู„ุง ุชุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ุนุจุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฎุฑูŠุทุฉ ูู„ุณุทูŠู† ุงู„ู‚ุทุนุฉ
384
00:30:13,170 --> 00:30:15,970
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุทู‡ุง ู„ุชูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุทุฉ ู…ูุฑู‚ุด ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‚ู…ุช ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
385
00:30:15,970 --> 00:30:18,390
ูˆ ุจุญุทุช ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุนุงูŠุฒ ุชุณูˆูŠ ูˆ ุงุชูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ุนุจุฉ
386
00:30:18,390 --> 00:30:22,690
ูุฅุฐุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ puzzle ู‡ูŠ ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุชุนุชูŠ ุงู„ puzzle
387
00:30:22,690 --> 00:30:26,110
ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ู‚ู…ุชู‡ ูˆ ุญุทูŠุช
388
00:30:26,110 --> 00:30:29,440
ุฌุฒุก ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุด ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุงู‚ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉู‡ูŠ ุงู„
389
00:30:29,440 --> 00:30:31,780
equivalent circuit ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ู‚ู…ุช ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ
390
00:30:31,780 --> 00:30:37,420
ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุทุนุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ ูˆ ุญุทูŠุช ุจุฏู„ู‡ุง ู…ุง ูŠูƒุงูุฆู‡ุง ู‚ุทุนุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
391
00:30:37,420 --> 00:30:41,380
ุชูƒุงูุฆู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง ุจุชูƒุงูุฆู‡ุง ู…ุด ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุงู‚ูŠ
392
00:30:41,380 --> 00:30:46,740
ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆ ุฃุซุฑุช ู„ุง ุชูƒุงูุฆู‡ุง ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูƒุงูุฆุฉ ู‡ูŠ
393
00:30:46,740 --> 00:30:50,600
ู‚ุทุนุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆ ู‚ู…ุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ูˆ ุญุทูŠุชู‡ุง
394
00:30:50,600 --> 00:30:54,520
ุจุฏู„ู‡ุง ู…ุด ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ
395
00:30:54,520 --> 00:30:57,580
ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุจู†ุฑูุญู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ูŠูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ series ูˆ ุงู„
396
00:30:57,580 --> 00:30:58,440
parallel resistors
397
00:31:06,690 --> 00:31:11,110
ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุฒู† ุชุจุฏุฃ
398
00:31:11,110 --> 00:31:15,970
ุจุงู„ elements ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุฒู† ุงุญู†ุง ุชุนู„ู…ู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง
399
00:31:15,970 --> 00:31:20,010
ุจู†ู†ุธุฑู‡ุง ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุจู†ุนุฑูู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุงุจูŠุจ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ุงู†ุงุจูŠุจ
400
00:31:20,010 --> 00:31:23,270
ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู†ุจูˆุจุชูŠู† ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ูŠู† ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงุฑุชูุงุนู‡ู… ู…ุด
401
00:31:23,270 --> 00:31:27,230
ุจู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุจู…ุซู„ ุงู„ voltageุงู„ุชุฏูู‚ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ููŠู‡ู… ุจู…ุซู„ ู„ูŠ
402
00:31:27,230 --> 00:31:31,430
ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุจูŠู…ุซู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุชูˆุตูŠู„ุฉ
403
00:31:31,430 --> 00:31:34,270
ุชูˆุตูŠู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุฒูŠ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู„ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุจูŠุจ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‡
404
00:31:34,270 --> 00:31:38,010
ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุช ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ voltage ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุช ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠ
405
00:31:38,010 --> 00:31:41,830
ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุชุฏูู‚ ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑ ุจู…ุซู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุจู…ุซู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑ
406
00:31:41,830 --> 00:31:46,590
ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชุฏูู‚ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุญุณุจ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„
407
00:31:46,590 --> 00:31:50,450
ุจุชุฑุงูุด ุจู…ุซู„ู„ูŠ .. ุจู…ุซู„ู„ูŠ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุฒูŠ
408
00:31:51,610 --> 00:31:55,070
ุทุจุนุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ node
409
00:31:55,070 --> 00:31:59,190
ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ node ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆุงุตู„ุฉ to elements ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ node
410
00:31:59,190 --> 00:32:02,270
ูˆุงุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ุทุฑู ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ู„ elements ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ุจูˆุจุฉ high
411
00:32:02,270 --> 00:32:05,830
ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ node ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ุทุฑู ุงู„ุชุงู„ู‰ ู„ู„ elements
412
00:32:05,830 --> 00:32:09,410
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงุณุชุจุฏู„ุชู‡ู… ุจู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุทุฑู ุงู„ุฃูˆู„
413
00:32:09,410 --> 00:32:12,850
ู„ู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุชูŠู† ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุงุตู„ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆ ุงู„ุทุฑู ุงู„ุชุงู„ู‰
414
00:32:12,850 --> 00:32:15,970
ู„ู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุชูŠู† ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุงุตู„ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูู„ู…ุง ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡
415
00:32:15,970 --> 00:32:20,180
ุงูˆ ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ ูŠุชุถูู‚ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ ู‡ูŠุชูˆุฒุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุชูŠู†ูˆ
416
00:32:20,180 --> 00:32:25,920
ู„ู…ุง ูŠูŠุฌู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠุชุฌู…ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ุงุฐุง
417
00:32:25,920 --> 00:32:30,060
ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุงุฐุง ุจุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุฒูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู†
418
00:32:30,060 --> 00:32:34,280
ุงู„ voltage ุจูŠู† ุทู„ููŠู†ู‡ู… ู…ุชุณุงูˆู‰ ุงู†ู‡ู… ุจุงู„ุชู…ุงู… ู…ุณู„ูˆู„ูŠ
419
00:32:34,280 --> 00:32:38,680
two pipes ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุตูˆู„ูŠู† ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡
420
00:32:38,680 --> 00:32:42,720
ู‚ุฏุงู…ู†ุง
421
00:32:42,720 --> 00:32:46,640
ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุงุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู‡ุฑุฌุนู†ู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ู†ุฌูŠ
422
00:32:46,640 --> 00:32:48,620
ู„ุงู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุชูˆุตูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุฒูŠ
423
00:32:51,770 --> 00:32:57,170
ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุฃุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ู†ุง ุฃูˆู„ ุฃุซุจุช ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุชูˆุงุฒูŠ
424
00:32:57,170 --> 00:33:02,480
ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ู„ slide ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ู†ุงุฃุญู†ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ุง
425
00:33:02,480 --> 00:33:05,660
ู„ุฆุฉ equivalent ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ network ุจุณุชุบู†ูŠ ุนู† ุฌุฒุก
426
00:33:05,660 --> 00:33:09,000
ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูˆุจุญุท ุจุฏูŠู„ ุนู†ู‡ ูˆู…ุด ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ network ู„ูˆ
427
00:33:09,000 --> 00:33:11,220
ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ network ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุจุณุงุทุฉ ู‡ูŠ voltage
428
00:33:11,220 --> 00:33:15,760
source ููŠ S ูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุช ู…ุนุงู‡ ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุฒูŠ
429
00:33:15,760 --> 00:33:18,560
ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุฒูŠุŸ ุงู„ุทุฑู ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ู…
430
00:33:18,560 --> 00:33:22,080
ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ
431
00:33:22,080 --> 00:33:26,460
ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุทุฑู ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑู
432
00:33:26,460 --> 00:33:35,520
ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸู‡ูŠ R1 ู‡ูŠ R2 ู‡ูŠ R3 ุนู†ุฏู‰ ูู‰
433
00:33:35,520 --> 00:33:39,740
ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุฏู‰ ุฃูƒู… nodeุŸ two nodes bravo ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุงู„ node
434
00:33:39,740 --> 00:33:44,420
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูŠูˆุตู„ ุงู„ source ู…ุน R1 ู…ุน R2 ู…ุน R3 ูˆ ุงู„
435
00:33:44,420 --> 00:33:49,250
node ุงู„ุชุงู†ู‰ ุงู„ source ู…ุน R1 ู…ุน R2 ู…ุน R3ุงู„ current
436
00:33:49,250 --> 00:33:53,090
ุงู„ู…ุตุงุญุจ ู„ู„ source I ู‡ูˆ ุจู…ุซู„ุฉ ุถูู‚ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุญูŠุตู„ู‡ุง
437
00:33:53,090 --> 00:34:00,570
ุชุชูˆุฒุน I1 I2 I3 ุงู„ voltage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
438
00:34:00,570 --> 00:34:04,310
ุจุงู„ุชู…ุงู… ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ูƒู„ ุงู„
439
00:34:04,310 --> 00:34:07,850
elements ุงู„
440
00:34:07,850 --> 00:34:10,790
voltages ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุฒู† ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃุซุจุชู‡ุง
441
00:34:10,790 --> 00:34:15,730
ุจู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุจุณุงุทุฉ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ sourceVs ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ element
442
00:34:15,730 --> 00:34:20,190
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆู‡ูŠ element ุชุงู†ูŠ ูˆู‡ูŠ element ุชุงู„ุช ุนู„ู‰
443
00:34:20,190 --> 00:34:22,930
ุงู„ุชูˆุงุฒู† ูˆู…ุด ุนุงุฑูุฉ ุงู„ voltages ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู†ุง ู‡ุฏุง ุจุฏูŠ
444
00:34:22,930 --> 00:34:30,010
ุฃุณู…ูŠู‡ V1 ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณู…ูŠู‡ V2 ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณู…ูŠู‡ V3 ูƒุฏู‡
445
00:34:30,010 --> 00:34:33,130
ุชุดูˆู voltage ู„ูˆุด ุจู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ loop ุจู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุงู† Vs
446
00:34:33,130 --> 00:34:38,490
ุจุชุณูˆุก V1 ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ minus Vs ุฒูŠ V1 ุจุณูˆุก 0 ุฅุฐุง V1 ุจุชุณูˆุก
447
00:34:38,490 --> 00:34:42,770
Vs ุงู„ loop ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจู‚ูˆู„ูŠ Vs
448
00:34:45,070 --> 00:34:48,410
ุฒุงุฆุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ minus Vs minus V2 ุจูŠุณุงูˆ 0 ุฒูŠ ุณู†ุฉ V2
449
00:34:48,410 --> 00:34:52,490
ุจูŠุณุงูˆ minus Vs ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ bolero ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ V2 ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู†
450
00:34:52,490 --> 00:34:56,570
plus minus ูˆ ุงู„ loop ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ุจู‚ูˆู„ V3 ุจูŠุณุงูˆ Vs ุฅุฐุง
451
00:34:56,570 --> 00:34:58,590
ุงู„ elements ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุฒูŠ ู…ูŠู† catch ูˆ ุงู„
452
00:34:58,590 --> 00:35:02,070
voltage ู„ูˆ ุฃุดู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ voltage ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆ
453
00:35:02,070 --> 00:35:05,470
ุจู…ุนู†ุงุธู†ุง ุงู„ุฃู†ุงุจูŠุจ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุฃู†ุงุจูŠุจ ุทูˆู„ู‡ู… ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠ
454
00:35:05,470 --> 00:35:08,650
ู„ู…ุง ุฃูˆุตู„ู‡ู… ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุธุฑ ูุงู„ voltage ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
455
00:35:08,650 --> 00:35:14,150
ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู‡ู…ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุชูˆู‚ู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ
456
00:35:14,150 --> 00:35:17,710
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ equivalent ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุŸ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡
457
00:35:17,710 --> 00:35:22,590
ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ source ู„ูˆ ู‚ู…ุช ุจุชู„ุช ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุช ุฃุญุท ู…ูƒุงูุฆุฉ
458
00:35:22,590 --> 00:35:26,790
ู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง R equivalentุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ู…ุด ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰
459
00:35:26,790 --> 00:35:28,630
ุงู„ behavior ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุจุณุงุทุฉ
460
00:35:28,630 --> 00:35:33,250
ุจุชุงุนุฉ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ูŠู‡ุง VSOIู…ุด ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุชุบูŠุฑ ู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ VS ูˆ IุŒ
461
00:35:33,250 --> 00:35:37,390
ุฅุฐุง ุชุบูŠุฑุช ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ IุŒ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุด ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูƒุงูุฆุฉ ู„ูƒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ุงุฐุง
462
00:35:37,390 --> 00:35:41,850
R equivalent ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงูุฆุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉุŒ
463
00:35:41,850 --> 00:35:45,470
ู‡ู‚ูŠู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุกุŒ ู‡ุญุท ุจุฏู„ู‡ R equivalentุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ู„ู‡ุง
464
00:35:45,470 --> 00:35:51,170
ู‡ุชุญุงูุธ ู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ VS ูˆ ISุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ููŠ ุนูŠุฏ ุณูุณุงุฑ ู„ุญุฏ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ
465
00:35:51,170 --> 00:35:53,630
ู„ู‚ุงุก ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู… ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู†ุชุจุน ุงู„ equivalent
466
00:35:53,630 --> 00:35:58,070
circuits ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุนูŠุฏ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู†ุดูˆููƒู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฎูŠุฑุŒ
467
00:35:58,070 --> 00:36:02,470
ุชุฑุฌุนูˆู†ุง ูƒู„ูƒูˆุง ุณุงู„ู…ูŠู†ุŒ ู…ุบู†ูŠู†ุŒ ู…ุจุณูˆุทูŠู† ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุนูŠุฏุŒ
468
00:36:02,470 --> 00:36:03,190
ุฃุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง ุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ