|
1 |
|
00:00:02,870 --> 00:00:07,210 |
|
Categories of increased risk for diabetes ุจููููุง |
|
|
|
2 |
|
00:00:07,210 --> 00:00:12,410 |
|
ุงููุฆุงุช ุงููู ุงุญุชู
ุงููุฉ ุงูุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจูู ุงูู diabetes |
|
|
|
3 |
|
00:00:12,410 --> 00:00:18,710 |
|
ุนูุฏูู
ุฃุนูู ุฃูู ุดูุก ุจููููุง impaired glucose |
|
|
|
4 |
|
00:00:18,710 --> 00:00:22,330 |
|
tolerance people who have blood glucose |
|
|
|
5 |
|
00:00:22,330 --> 00:00:26,490 |
|
concentrations above normal but less than those |
|
|
|
6 |
|
00:00:26,490 --> 00:00:33,290 |
|
required for diagnosis of diabetes malitusููุฐุง |
|
|
|
7 |
|
00:00:33,290 --> 00:00:43,410 |
|
ุงููู .. ุงููู ูู ู
ุฑุชุจุท ุจููุงุณ ููุฌููููุฒ ุนู ุทุฑูู ุงููู |
|
|
|
8 |
|
00:00:43,410 --> 00:00:48,890 |
|
ูู ุงูู Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ูุนูุง |
|
|
|
9 |
|
00:00:48,890 --> 00:00:55,650 |
|
ุงูููุงุณ ูุฌููููุฒ ุจุนุฏ ุณุงุนุชูู ู
ู ุฅุนุทุงุก ุงููู ูู ุงูุฌุฑุนุฉ |
|
|
|
10 |
|
00:00:55,650 --> 00:01:01,580 |
|
ูุฌููููุฒ ุจูููู ุจูู ู
ูุฉ ูุฃุฑุจุนูู ุฅูู ู
ูุฉ ุชุณุนุฉู |
|
|
|
11 |
|
00:01:01,580 --> 00:01:06,260 |
|
ุงูุชุณุนูู ุทุจุนุง ุจูุฐุง ุงูุญุงูุฉ ูุนูู ู
ุง ููุฏุฑุด ูููู ุฃู ูุฐุง |
|
|
|
12 |
|
00:01:06,260 --> 00:01:11,420 |
|
ุนูุฏู diabetes mellitus ูุฃู ุนุดุงู ูููู ุฃูู ุนูุฏู |
|
|
|
13 |
|
00:01:11,420 --> 00:01:14,480 |
|
diabetes mellitus ุงูู
ูุฑูุถ ูููู ุงู glucose |
|
|
|
14 |
|
00:01:14,480 --> 00:01:22,260 |
|
concentration ุฃูุชุฑ ู
ู 200 ู ุงู normal ุฃูู ู
ู 140 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
00:01:22,260 --> 00:01:28,990 |
|
ูุฃ ูู ู
ุน ุงู normal ููุง ููู
ุน ุงูุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงููู ู
ุตุงุจูู |
|
|
|
16 |
|
00:01:28,990 --> 00:01:34,650 |
|
ุจุงูุณูุฑูุ ูู 140 ู 199 ูุฐุง ุงูุดุฎุต ุจูููู ุนูุฏู ู
ุง ูุณู
ู |
|
|
|
17 |
|
00:01:34,650 --> 00:01:41,270 |
|
ุจุงูู Impaired Glucose Tolerance ุฃู ุงููู ุจูุณู
ููู
ุฃู |
|
|
|
18 |
|
00:01:41,270 --> 00:01:46,010 |
|
ุจูุณู
ู ุงูู
ุฑุญูุฉ ูุฐู ูุนูู Pre-diabetes ุงููู ูู ู
ุฑุญูุฉ |
|
|
|
19 |
|
00:01:46,010 --> 00:01:48,490 |
|
ู
ุง ูุจู ุงูุณูุฑู |
|
|
|
20 |
|
00:01:53,340 --> 00:01:55,620 |
|
ูุชุฎูุต ู
ู ุฌููููุฒ ุตุญูุญ ุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ |
|
|
|
21 |
|
00:01:55,620 --> 00:01:56,320 |
|
ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ |
|
|
|
22 |
|
00:01:56,320 --> 00:02:02,000 |
|
ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ |
|
|
|
23 |
|
00:02:02,000 --> 00:02:02,780 |
|
ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ |
|
|
|
24 |
|
00:02:02,780 --> 00:02:07,560 |
|
ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ |
|
|
|
25 |
|
00:02:07,560 --> 00:02:08,040 |
|
ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ |
|
|
|
26 |
|
00:02:08,040 --> 00:02:08,300 |
|
ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ |
|
|
|
27 |
|
00:02:08,300 --> 00:02:13,500 |
|
ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญ ุงูุตุญูุญุจุนุฏ ููู |
|
|
|
28 |
|
00:02:13,500 --> 00:02:16,160 |
|
ูุนูู ุนุดุงู ูุชุฌูุจูุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู
ุงูู oral glucose |
|
|
|
29 |
|
00:02:16,160 --> 00:02:21,260 |
|
tolerance test ุตุงุฑ ูู ุนูุฏูุง ุงููู ูู ุงููู ูู |
|
|
|
30 |
|
00:02:21,260 --> 00:02:24,780 |
|
category ุฃู ู
ุตุทูุญ ุขุฎุฑ ุงููู ูุณู
ู impaired fasting |
|
|
|
31 |
|
00:02:24,780 --> 00:02:29,540 |
|
glucose ู |
|
|
|
32 |
|
00:02:29,540 --> 00:02:35,540 |
|
ูุฐู ุชู
ุฅุถุงูุชูุง ุทุจุนุง ุนู ุทุฑูู ุงู ADA ุงู American |
|
|
|
33 |
|
00:02:35,540 --> 00:02:42,270 |
|
Wadiabeta Associationููุงุญูุงู ุจุฑุถู ุชู
ุฅุถุงูุชูุง ู
ู |
|
|
|
34 |
|
00:02:42,270 --> 00:02:49,510 |
|
ุฎูุงู ุงูู WHO ูู ุงูุนุงู
ุชุณุนุฉ ูุชุณุนูู ุงูู |
|
|
|
35 |
|
00:02:49,510 --> 00:02:52,310 |
|
impaired fasting glucose diagnosed by fasting |
|
|
|
36 |
|
00:02:52,310 --> 00:02:55,590 |
|
glucose value between those of normal and diabetic |
|
|
|
37 |
|
00:02:55,590 --> 00:03:01,330 |
|
individuals ููุง ุจุฑุถู ููุณ ุงู issueุงูู
ูุฑูุถ ุงูุดุฎุต |
|
|
|
38 |
|
00:03:01,330 --> 00:03:05,110 |
|
ุทุจูุนู ุฅุฐุง ูุงู ุงู glucose ุนูุฏู ุทุจุนุง ุงุญูุง ุจูุญูู ุนูู |
|
|
|
39 |
|
00:03:05,110 --> 00:03:10,910 |
|
glucose ูุดุฎุต ุตุงูู
ุงู glucose ุจุฏู ูููู ุทุจูุนู ุฅุฐุง |
|
|
|
40 |
|
00:03:10,910 --> 00:03:16,410 |
|
ูุงู ุฃูู ู
ู ู
ูุฉ ู ุจุฏู ูููู ุนูุฏู diabetes ุฅุฐุง ูุงู ุงู |
|
|
|
41 |
|
00:03:16,410 --> 00:03:21,030 |
|
concentration ุฃูุชุฑ ู
ู 126 ูุจูู ุงู concentration |
|
|
|
42 |
|
00:03:21,030 --> 00:03:27,800 |
|
ูุงู ุจูู ู
ูุฉูุงูู 125 ู
ููู ุฌุฑุงู
per ุฏูุณููุชุฑ ูุจุงูุชุงูู |
|
|
|
43 |
|
00:03:27,800 --> 00:03:32,580 |
|
ูุง ูู normal ููุง ูู diabetic ุจุฑุถู ูุฐู ุงูู
ุฑุญูุฉ ุงููู |
|
|
|
44 |
|
00:03:32,580 --> 00:03:36,280 |
|
ูู ุจูุณู
ููุง pre-diabetes ุจู
ุฑุญูุฉ ุงูู pre-diabetes |
|
|
|
45 |
|
00:03:36,280 --> 00:03:41,420 |
|
ู
ู
ูู ุงูุดุฎุตูุง ู
ู ุฎูุงู ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู
ุงูู Oral Glucose |
|
|
|
46 |
|
00:03:41,420 --> 00:03:45,840 |
|
Tolerance Test ูุฒู ู
ุง ูููุง ุงููู ูู ุจุนุฏ ุณุงุนุชูู |
|
|
|
47 |
|
00:03:45,840 --> 00:03:52,030 |
|
ุจุฏูููู ุนูุฏูุง ุงู concentration ุจูู 140 ู 199ุฃู ู
ู |
|
|
|
48 |
|
00:03:52,030 --> 00:03:58,590 |
|
ุฎูุงู ูุญุต ุงูุฌููููุฒ ูุดุฎุต ุตุงูู
ูุจุชููู ุงูู |
|
|
|
49 |
|
00:03:58,590 --> 00:04:05,910 |
|
concentration ุจูู 100 ุฅูู 125 ุทุจุนุง |
|
|
|
50 |
|
00:04:05,910 --> 00:04:08,930 |
|
ูุฐู ุงู .. ุงู concentration ุงููู ูู 100 ุฅูู 125 |
|
|
|
51 |
|
00:04:08,930 --> 00:04:14,770 |
|
ุจูุงุก ุนูู ุงู American Diabetes Association ููู |
|
|
|
52 |
|
00:04:14,770 --> 00:04:22,450 |
|
ุจุงููุณุจุฉ ููู WHO ุงูุฃุฑูุงู
ู
ุฎุชููุฉูุงูู WHO ุจุชุนุชุจุฑ ุฃูู |
|
|
|
53 |
|
00:04:22,450 --> 00:04:30,710 |
|
ุงู cut-off value ูุงู .. ุงููู ูู ุงู normal 110 ูู
ุด |
|
|
|
54 |
|
00:04:30,710 --> 00:04:36,810 |
|
100 ูุจุงูุชุงูู ุฅุฐุง ูุงู ุฃู ุงูุดุฎุต ุงู concentration ูุงู |
|
|
|
55 |
|
00:04:36,810 --> 00:04:41,270 |
|
glucose ุงู fasting ุงููู ูู ุงู glucose ู
ู 110 ู125 |
|
|
|
56 |
|
00:04:42,940 --> 00:04:47,440 |
|
ุจูุงุก ุทุจุนุง ุนูู ุงููู ูู ุงู WHO ูุจูู ุจูููู ุฃู ูุฐุง |
|
|
|
57 |
|
00:04:47,440 --> 00:04:58,420 |
|
ุงูุดุฎุต ุนูุฏู pre diabetes ูู |
|
|
|
58 |
|
00:04:58,420 --> 00:05:04,880 |
|
2009 ุชู
ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุงููู ูู ูุญุต ุขุฎุฑ ุงููู |
|
|
|
59 |
|
00:05:04,880 --> 00:05:09,280 |
|
ุงููู ูู ุจุฑุถู ุงู detection of pre diabetes status |
|
|
|
60 |
|
00:05:09,280 --> 00:05:11,660 |
|
ุงููู ูู ุงู hemoglobin A1C |
|
|
|
61 |
|
00:05:14,730 --> 00:05:19,910 |
|
ุงููุงุณ ู
ุน ููู
ุฉ Hemoglobin A1C ุชุญุช ูุทุน 4 ุฏูุงุจุชุง ุงูู |
|
|
|
62 |
|
00:05:19,910 --> 00:05:24,890 |
|
6.5 ูููู ุฃุนูู ู
ูุงุฑูุฉ ุงูุงูุชุฑุงู ูู
ูู ุญุฑุต ุนุงูู |
|
|
|
63 |
|
00:05:24,890 --> 00:05:32,270 |
|
ููุชุทูุฑ ู
ู ุฏูุงุจุชุง ุฅุฐุง ูุงู ุงู Hemoglobin A1C ุฃุนูู ู
ู |
|
|
|
64 |
|
00:05:32,270 --> 00:05:38,070 |
|
6.5 ู
ุนูุงุชู ูุฐุง ุงูุดุฎุต ุฏูุงุจุงุชูู |
|
|
|
65 |
|
00:05:39,420 --> 00:05:45,840 |
|
ูุฅุฐุง ุฃูู ู
ู 5.7 normal ูุจูู ุฅุฐุง ูุงู ูุญุตูุง ุงูู |
|
|
|
66 |
|
00:05:45,840 --> 00:05:50,860 |
|
hemoglobin A1C ููุงุฌููุงูุง ุจูู 5.7 ุนูู 6.4 ูุจูู ุจุฑุถู |
|
|
|
67 |
|
00:05:50,860 --> 00:05:56,020 |
|
ูุฐุง ุงููู ูู ุงูุดุฎุต ุงููู ูู ู
ุฑุญูุฉ ุงูู pre-diabetes |
|
|
|
68 |
|
00:05:56,020 --> 00:06:03,480 |
|
ูุนูุฏู ุงู risk ุนุงูู ููุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงูู diabetes ูุจูู |
|
|
|
69 |
|
00:06:03,480 --> 00:06:09,390 |
|
ุนูุฏูุง ุฃูุชุฑ ู
ู ูุญุต ู
ู
ูู ูุชู
ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู
ูู
ู ู
ู
ูู ู
ู |
|
|
|
70 |
|
00:06:09,390 --> 00:06:16,010 |
|
ุฎูุงููู
ูุญุฏุฏ ุงููุงุณ ุงููู ูุนูู ุฃูุชุฑ ุนุฑุถุฉ ุฃู at higher |
|
|
|
71 |
|
00:06:16,010 --> 00:06:22,250 |
|
risk ููุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงูู diabetes ุจุงููุณุจุงูู |
|
|
|
72 |
|
00:06:22,250 --> 00:06:28,870 |
|
ุงููุฑู
ููุงุช ุงููู ุจุชูุธู
ู
ุณุชูู ุงู blood glucose ูู |
|
|
|
73 |
|
00:06:28,870 --> 00:06:34,680 |
|
ุนูุฏูุง ููุนูู ู
ู ุงููุฑู
ููุงุช ูู ุนูุฏูุงุงูู Hypoglycemic |
|
|
|
74 |
|
00:06:34,680 --> 00:06:41,360 |
|
Hormones ููููุง ุงูู Hyperglycemic Hormones ุงูู |
|
|
|
75 |
|
00:06:41,360 --> 00:06:45,680 |
|
Hypoglycemic Hormones ุทุจุนุง ุฅููุง ูุฑู
ูู ูุญูุฏ ูู ุงูู |
|
|
|
76 |
|
00:06:45,680 --> 00:06:50,620 |
|
Insulin ุจูุฐุง ุงููุฑู
ูู ุงููุญูุฏ ุงููู ุจูุนู
ู ุนูู ุชุฎููุฏ |
|
|
|
77 |
|
00:06:50,620 --> 00:06:55,740 |
|
ู
ุณุชูู ุงูุฌููููุฒ ูู ุงูุฏู
ุจููู
ุง ุงูู Hyperglycemic |
|
|
|
78 |
|
00:06:55,740 --> 00:07:02,610 |
|
Hormones ุฅููุง ูุฑู
ููุงุช ุนุฏูุฏุฉ ุจุชุนู
ู ุนูู ุฑูุนู
ุณุชูู |
|
|
|
79 |
|
00:07:02,610 --> 00:07:08,410 |
|
ุงูุฌููููุฒ ูู ุงูุฏู
ุฒู ุนูุฏูุง ุทุจุนุง ุงู glucagon ุงู |
|
|
|
80 |
|
00:07:08,410 --> 00:07:13,990 |
|
epinephrine ุนูุฏูุง ุงู growth hormone ุงู cortisol |
|
|
|
81 |
|
00:07:13,990 --> 00:07:19,550 |
|
ุจูุงุฏุฉ ูููุง ูุฑู
ููุงุช ุจุชุนู
ู ุนูู ุฒูุงุฏุฉ ู
ุณุชูู ุงูุฌููููุฒ |
|
|
|
82 |
|
00:07:19,550 --> 00:07:21,190 |
|
ูู ุงูุฏู
|
|
|
|
83 |
|
00:07:30,410 --> 00:07:37,970 |
|
Normal glucose disposal depends on ูุจูู ุนุดุงู ุงู .. |
|
|
|
84 |
|
00:07:37,970 --> 00:07:44,890 |
|
ุงู glucose ุงููู ุจูุฏุฎูู ุงูุฏู
ุนุดุงู ููุฏุฑ ูุฎูุถู ูุจูู |
|
|
|
85 |
|
00:07:44,890 --> 00:07:51,090 |
|
ูุงุจุฏ ุงูู ูููู ุนูุฏูุง ุงูุฃู
ูุฑ ุงูุชุงููุฉ ุงูุฃู
ุฑ ุงูุฃูู the |
|
|
|
86 |
|
00:07:51,090 --> 00:07:55,250 |
|
ability of the pancreas to secrete insulin ูุจูู |
|
|
|
87 |
|
00:07:55,250 --> 00:07:58,090 |
|
ูุงุฒู
ูููู ููู ูุฏุฑุฉ ููู ุงู pancreas ุทุจุนุง ุนูู ุฅูุฑุงุฒ |
|
|
|
88 |
|
00:07:58,090 --> 00:08:02,540 |
|
ุงู insulinูุงูููุทุฉ ุงูุชุงููุฉ ability of insulin to |
|
|
|
89 |
|
00:08:02,540 --> 00:08:06,100 |
|
promote uptake of glucose into peripheral tissue |
|
|
|
90 |
|
00:08:06,100 --> 00:08:11,000 |
|
ูุจูู ุงูููุทุฉ ุงูุชุงููุฉ ุงููู ูู ุงูู ุงู insulin action |
|
|
|
91 |
|
00:08:11,000 --> 00:08:17,260 |
|
ูุฑุชุจุท ุงู insulin ู
ุน ุงูุฎูุงูุง ููุนููุง ูุนู
ู ุนูู ุฏุฎูู |
|
|
|
92 |
|
00:08:17,260 --> 00:08:23,320 |
|
ุงู glucose ููุฎูุงูุง ุงูู
ุฎุชููุฉ ูุงูููุทุฉ ุงูุชุงูุชุฉ the |
|
|
|
93 |
|
00:08:23,320 --> 00:08:26,060 |
|
ability of insulin to suppress hepatic glucose |
|
|
|
94 |
|
00:08:26,060 --> 00:08:32,080 |
|
production ูุจูู ุจุฑุถูุจุฏูุงุด ูุนูู ุฒู ูุฃู ุงูุฌููููุฒ |
|
|
|
95 |
|
00:08:32,080 --> 00:08:37,440 |
|
ุนุงูู ุจูุจุฏูุงู ูุชููู ุงููุจุฏ ุนู ุฅูุชุงุฌ ุงูุฌููููุฒ ุจูุจูู |
|
|
|
96 |
|
00:08:37,440 --> 00:08:41,780 |
|
ุจุฑุถู ูุฐุง ุจูุชู
ุงููู ูู ุชุญุช ุชุฃุซูุฑ ุงูุงูุณูููู ุงููู |
|
|
|
97 |
|
00:08:41,780 --> 00:08:49,440 |
|
ุจูุนู
ู suppression ูุฎุฑูุฌ ุงูุฌููููุฒ ู
ู ุงููุจุฏ the |
|
|
|
98 |
|
00:08:49,440 --> 00:08:52,200 |
|
major insulin target organs are liver, skeletal |
|
|
|
99 |
|
00:08:52,200 --> 00:08:55,500 |
|
muscle and adipose tissue ุจููุฏู ุงู tissues |
|
|
|
100 |
|
00:08:55,500 --> 00:09:01,100 |
|
ุงูู
ุฎุชููุฉ ุงููู ุจูุดุชุบู ุนูููุงmainly ุงู insulin these |
|
|
|
101 |
|
00:09:01,100 --> 00:09:03,680 |
|
organs is exhibit some differences in their |
|
|
|
102 |
|
00:09:03,680 --> 00:09:08,500 |
|
response to insulin ูุจูู ุงูุชูุงุชุฉ ุจูุณุชุฌูุจูุง ูุงู |
|
|
|
103 |
|
00:09:08,500 --> 00:09:14,760 |
|
insulin ููู ุงูุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ู
ุด ู
ุชุดุงุจูุฉ ูุจูู ููู ุงูู ุจุนุถ |
|
|
|
104 |
|
00:09:14,760 --> 00:09:19,780 |
|
ุงูุงุฎุชูุงู ูู ุงูุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ูุงู tissuesุงูู
ุฎุชููุฉ for |
|
|
|
105 |
|
00:09:19,780 --> 00:09:23,120 |
|
example the hormone stimulates glucose uptake |
|
|
|
106 |
|
00:09:23,120 --> 00:09:26,160 |
|
through a specific glucose transporter ุงููู ูู |
|
|
|
107 |
|
00:09:26,160 --> 00:09:32,040 |
|
glut4 into muscle and fat cells but not into liver |
|
|
|
108 |
|
00:09:32,040 --> 00:09:37,640 |
|
cells ูุจูู ุงู glucose transporters ู
ู
ูู ูุฎุชูู ู
ู |
|
|
|
109 |
|
00:09:37,640 --> 00:09:43,480 |
|
tissue ุฅูู ุขุฎุฑ ุจููู
ุง |
|
|
|
110 |
|
00:09:43,480 --> 00:09:46,540 |
|
ูู ุงู liver ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅูู transporter ุขุฎุฑ ุงููู ูู |
|
|
|
111 |
|
00:09:46,540 --> 00:09:47,800 |
|
glut2 |
|
|
|
112 |
|
00:09:49,830 --> 00:09:55,790 |
|
ุทูุจ ูุญูู ุดููุฉ ุนู ุงู hormone ุงูุงูุณูููู ู ุนู ุงู |
|
|
|
113 |
|
00:09:55,790 --> 00:10:02,130 |
|
synthesis ู ุงู degradation ููุฐุง ุงู hormone ุนุจุงุฑุฉ |
|
|
|
114 |
|
00:10:02,130 --> 00:10:08,090 |
|
ุนู ุฎู
ุณ ุชูุงู ู ุชู
ุงููุฉ ู ุชู
ุงููุฉ ุฏุงูุชูู ุจุฑูุชูู ุจุชููู |
|
|
|
115 |
|
00:10:08,090 --> 00:10:13,530 |
|
ู
ู ูุงุญุฏ ู ุฎู
ุณูู amino acid ู ุจุชููู ู
ู two chains |
|
|
|
116 |
|
00:10:13,530 --> 00:10:21,960 |
|
ุงู ุงู chain Aุจุงูุฃุญู
ุฑ ููู ุนูุฏูุง ุงู chain B ููุฏูู ุงู |
|
|
|
117 |
|
00:10:21,960 --> 00:10:25,960 |
|
two chains ู
ุฑุชุจุทูู ู
ุน ุจุนุถูู
ุงูุจุนุถ ุงููู ูู ุนู ุทุฑูู |
|
|
|
118 |
|
00:10:25,960 --> 00:10:33,800 |
|
disulfide bridge ุจุงููุณุจุงูู |
|
|
|
119 |
|
00:10:33,800 --> 00:10:40,010 |
|
ุงู insulin ุงููู ู
ูุฌูุฏ ุนูุฏ ุงูุฅูุณุงูุงูู amino acid |
|
|
|
120 |
|
00:10:40,010 --> 00:10:43,910 |
|
sequence ูุงูู human insulin differs slightly from |
|
|
|
121 |
|
00:10:43,910 --> 00:10:50,270 |
|
insulin of other species ูููุง ุงุฎุชูุงู ูู ููุจุงุท ุงู |
|
|
|
122 |
|
00:10:50,270 --> 00:10:58,270 |
|
amino acids ููู ูููุง ู
ูุงุทู ู
ุชุดุงุจูุฉ ุจุงูุงูุณูููู ุณูุงุก |
|
|
|
123 |
|
00:10:58,270 --> 00:11:03,340 |
|
ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏ ุจุงูุฅูุณุงู ุฃู ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏ ููุงููู ูู other |
|
|
|
124 |
|
00:11:03,340 --> 00:11:07,600 |
|
species the carboxyl terminal region of the B |
|
|
|
125 |
|
00:11:07,600 --> 00:11:16,200 |
|
chain ุงููู ูู ุงูู
ูุทูุฉ ู
ู B23 ู B26 ูุฐู appears |
|
|
|
126 |
|
00:11:16,200 --> 00:11:20,420 |
|
crucial for the biological action of insulin ูู
ูู
ุฉ |
|
|
|
127 |
|
00:11:20,420 --> 00:11:24,120 |
|
ุงูุนู
ู ููุฅูุณููู ูุจุงูุชุงูู ูุฐู ุงูู
ูุทูุฉ highly |
|
|
|
128 |
|
00:11:24,120 --> 00:11:29,960 |
|
conserved among species ูุจูู ูุนูู ุชู
ุงููู ูู |
|
|
|
129 |
|
00:11:29,960 --> 00:11:35,390 |
|
ุงูู
ุญุงูุธุฉ ุนูููุง ูู
ุชุดุงุจูุฉูู ุงูุงูุณููู ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุงู |
|
|
|
130 |
|
00:11:35,390 --> 00:11:40,990 |
|
different species ุจูุณุจุงููุง |
|
|
|
131 |
|
00:11:40,990 --> 00:11:44,950 |
|
ุงูุงูุณููู senses ุงูุณููู from most animals is |
|
|
|
132 |
|
00:11:44,950 --> 00:11:49,610 |
|
immunologically and biologically similar to human |
|
|
|
133 |
|
00:11:49,610 --> 00:11:53,970 |
|
insulin and in the past patients were treated with |
|
|
|
134 |
|
00:11:53,970 --> 00:12:00,270 |
|
insulin purified from beef or pig cancersูุฃู ุฒู ู
ุง |
|
|
|
135 |
|
00:12:00,270 --> 00:12:05,770 |
|
ูููุง ุฅู ูู ู
ูุทูุฉ ุงููู ูู conserved ููุนูู |
|
|
|
136 |
|
00:12:05,770 --> 00:12:09,910 |
|
ุจุงูุชุงูู ุงูู
ูุทูุฉ ูุฐู ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ุจุงู different species |
|
|
|
137 |
|
00:12:09,910 --> 00:12:14,550 |
|
ูุจุงูุชุงูู ุชู
ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู
insulin ุจููุชุฌ ู
ู ุญููุงูุงุช ุฒู |
|
|
|
138 |
|
00:12:14,550 --> 00:12:18,490 |
|
ุงููู ูู ุงูุฃุจูุงุฑ ุฃู ุงููู ูู ุงูุนุฌูู ุฃู ุงูุฎูุฒูุฑ |
|
|
|
139 |
|
00:12:18,490 --> 00:12:24,570 |
|
ูู
ุนุงูุฌุฉ ุฃู ููุญุตูู ุนูู insulin ูู
ุนุงูุฌุฉ ุงูู
ุฑุถู ููู |
|
|
|
140 |
|
00:12:24,570 --> 00:12:29,120 |
|
ุงูุขู ุทุจุนุง ุจูุชู
ุงููู ูู ุฅูุชุงุฌุงูุงูุณูููู ุงููู ูู ู
ู |
|
|
|
141 |
|
00:12:29,120 --> 00:12:34,600 |
|
ุฎูุงู ุงู .. ุงููู ูู ุงู .. ุงู recomponent ุงููู ูู |
|
|
|
142 |
|
00:12:34,600 --> 00:12:38,880 |
|
DNA techniques ููุจูู ุนูุฏูุง ุงููู .. ุงููู ู
ูุฌูุฏ ุงููู |
|
|
|
143 |
|
00:12:38,880 --> 00:12:46,540 |
|
ูู recomponent human insulin ุฃูู |
|
|
|
144 |
|
00:12:46,540 --> 00:12:54,580 |
|
ู
ูุชุฌ ุจูุชู
ุงูุญุตูู ุนููู ุฃู ุฃูู protein ุจูุชู
ุงูุญุตูู |
|
|
|
145 |
|
00:12:54,580 --> 00:13:00,770 |
|
ุนููู ูู ุงู pre pro insulinุฅุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู ุจุฑูุชูู ุจุชููู ู
ู |
|
|
|
146 |
|
00:13:00,770 --> 00:13:05,250 |
|
meat amino acid formed by ribosomes in the rough |
|
|
|
147 |
|
00:13:05,250 --> 00:13:09,730 |
|
endoplasmic reticulum of the pancreatic beta cells |
|
|
|
148 |
|
00:13:09,730 --> 00:13:12,870 |
|
pre |
|
|
|
149 |
|
00:13:12,870 --> 00:13:16,570 |
|
-proinsulin is not detectable in the circulation |
|
|
|
150 |
|
00:13:16,570 --> 00:13:23,390 |
|
ูู ุจุญุซุช ุนู ุงู pre-proinsulin ู
ุด ูููุงููู ู
ูุฌูุฏ |
|
|
|
151 |
|
00:13:23,390 --> 00:13:30,080 |
|
ุจุงูcirculation ุจุธุฑูู ุงูุทุจูุนูุฉ ูุฃููู
ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ูุจุดูู |
|
|
|
152 |
|
00:13:30,080 --> 00:13:37,560 |
|
ุณุฑูุน ุจูุตูุฑูู Eclivage ูุจูุชุญูู ุฅูู Proinsulin ุงููู |
|
|
|
153 |
|
00:13:37,560 --> 00:13:43,560 |
|
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู ุจุฑูุชูู ุจุชููู ู
ู ุณุชุฉ ู ุชู
ุงููู amino acid |
|
|
|
154 |
|
00:13:43,560 --> 00:13:47,740 |
|
ูุนูู ุฃูู ุจุฑูุชูู ุจููุชุฌ ู
ู ุงู pre-proinsulin ู
ูุช |
|
|
|
155 |
|
00:13:47,740 --> 00:13:56,690 |
|
amino acidู
ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ูู ุณููู cleavage ุงููู ูู ุจูุชู
ูุทุน |
|
|
|
156 |
|
00:13:56,690 --> 00:14:00,570 |
|
ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ amino acid ูุจูุนุทููู ุจุฑูุงูุณูููู ุงููู ูู |
|
|
|
157 |
|
00:14:00,570 --> 00:14:04,850 |
|
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู ุณุชุฉ ู ุชู
ุงููู amino acid ุจุงูุฑูุชูู |
|
|
|
158 |
|
00:14:08,440 --> 00:14:13,600 |
|
ูุฐุง ู
ููู ูู ู
ุฌุฒุฑุงุช ู
ุฎุตุตุฉ ูู ู
ุฌูุณ ุงูุฌููููุฌูุง ูู |
|
|
|
159 |
|
00:14:13,600 --> 00:14:17,980 |
|
Beta-cells ุญูุซ ูุญุฏุซ ุชููู ุงูุจุฑูุชุฑุงุชููู ูุงูุฅูุณููู |
|
|
|
160 |
|
00:14:17,980 --> 00:14:24,290 |
|
ูู
ุดุงุฑูุฉ ุจูุจุชุงูุฏุทุจุนุง ุฃู ุดูุก ุจุฏู ูุชู
.. ุจุฏู ูุตููู |
|
|
|
161 |
|
00:14:24,290 --> 00:14:32,510 |
|
secretion ู
ู ุงูุฎูุงูุง ูุจูู ุงูู
ูุฑูุถ ุฃูู ุทุจุนุง ุจุจุฏุฃ .. |
|
|
|
162 |
|
00:14:32,510 --> 00:14:36,450 |
|
ุจุฏุงูุฉ ุจูุตูู translation ู
ู ุฎูุงู ุงู .. ุงู rough |
|
|
|
163 |
|
00:14:36,450 --> 00:14:43,230 |
|
endoplasmic reticulum ู ูุฐุง ุงู protein ุจูููู ู
ูุฌูุฏ |
|
|
|
164 |
|
00:14:43,230 --> 00:14:46,950 |
|
ูู ุฏุงุฎู physical ู ุงู physical ุฐุงุชู ุจุชุชุฌู ู ุงู |
|
|
|
165 |
|
00:14:46,950 --> 00:14:52,320 |
|
geology ุงููู ูู complex ูููุงู ุงููู ูู ุจูุตูุฑ ูู ุนูุง |
|
|
|
166 |
|
00:14:52,320 --> 00:14:57,080 |
|
modification ููุฐู ุงูุจุฑูุชููุงุช ูุจุนุฏูู ุจูุตูุฑ release |
|
|
|
167 |
|
00:14:57,080 --> 00:15:03,660 |
|
ููุฐู ุงู proteins ูู ุฏุงุฎู vesicles ุนุดุงู ุจุนุฏ ููู |
|
|
|
168 |
|
00:15:03,660 --> 00:15:08,540 |
|
ูุตููุง ุงููู ูู execution ุฅูู ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงูุฎููุฉ |
|
|
|
169 |
|
00:15:11,740 --> 00:15:16,060 |
|
ูุจูู ุนุดุงู ูุญุตู ุนูู ุงูู Insulin ูุงุจุฏ ุฃู ูุตูุฑ ุนูุฏูุง |
|
|
|
170 |
|
00:15:16,060 --> 00:15:24,260 |
|
Eclavage ูู C-Peptide ููุฐุง ุงูู Eclavage ุจูุชู
ู
ู |
|
|
|
171 |
|
00:15:24,260 --> 00:15:30,900 |
|
ุฎูุงู enzymes ุงููู ูุชุณู
ู Pro-Hormone Convertases I |
|
|
|
172 |
|
00:15:30,900 --> 00:15:37,880 |
|
and IIุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู Endopeptidases ูุจูู ุจููุทุนูุง ูู ุงููู |
|
|
|
173 |
|
00:15:37,880 --> 00:15:45,160 |
|
ูู ุฏุงุฎู ุงูุจุฑูุชูู ูุจูุนู
ููุง ูุทุน ูู C-peptide ุนุดุงู |
|
|
|
174 |
|
00:15:45,160 --> 00:15:53,160 |
|
ูุญุตู ุนูู ุงูุงูุณููู ูุจูู ุฃู ุงู enzyme pro hormone |
|
|
|
175 |
|
00:15:53,160 --> 00:16:00,420 |
|
convertase I ุจูุฌู ูุจูุฑุชุจุท ุนูู ุงูู C-terminal end |
|
|
|
176 |
|
00:16:00,420 --> 00:16:12,040 |
|
ุงูุงูุฏ ุงููู ูู RGN 31 ูRGN 32ูุจูุนู
ู ูุทุน ุจูู |
|
|
|
177 |
|
00:16:12,040 --> 00:16:20,380 |
|
ุงูู amino acid ุฑูู
32 ู33 ูุจูุนุทููุง |
|
|
|
178 |
|
00:16:20,380 --> 00:16:28,680 |
|
ูู split 32 33 Pro-insulin ุนูุฏูุง |
|
|
|
179 |
|
00:16:28,680 --> 00:16:30,880 |
|
ุงูู enzyme ุงูุฃุฎุฑ ุงููู ูู ุงูู Pro-hormone |
|
|
|
180 |
|
00:16:30,880 --> 00:16:35,510 |
|
converterase-2ุจูุนู
ู cleavage ูู ู
ูุงู ุขุฎุฑ Cleaves |
|
|
|
181 |
|
00:16:35,510 --> 00:16:39,210 |
|
Pro Insulin on the c-terminal side of the basic |
|
|
|
182 |
|
00:16:39,210 --> 00:16:45,810 |
|
residues Lysine 64 ูArginine 65 to generate split |
|
|
|
183 |
|
00:16:45,810 --> 00:16:52,230 |
|
65 and 66 Pro Insulin ูุฌุจ ููุทุน ุจูู ุงู amino acid |
|
|
|
184 |
|
00:16:52,230 --> 00:16:55,790 |
|
65 ู ุงู amino acid 66 |
|
|
|
185 |
|
00:16:59,890 --> 00:17:07,630 |
|
ุจุนุฏ ู
ุง ุจุชุชู
ุนู
ููุฉ ุงููุทุน ุจูุตูุฑ ููู removal ูู two |
|
|
|
186 |
|
00:17:07,630 --> 00:17:15,330 |
|
exposed amino acids removal of two newly exposed C |
|
|
|
187 |
|
00:17:15,330 --> 00:17:21,410 |
|
-terminal basic amino acids ูุงููู ุจูุนู
ู ุงู removal |
|
|
|
188 |
|
00:17:21,410 --> 00:17:26,270 |
|
ููุฐู ุงู amino acids ุงูุฒุงูู
ูุณู
ู Carboxypeptidase-H |
|
|
|
189 |
|
00:17:28,560 --> 00:17:34,240 |
|
ูุจุนุฏู
ุง ุชุชู
ุนู
ููุฉ ุงููุทุน ูุนู
ููุฉ ุงูู removal ูู ุงูู |
|
|
|
190 |
|
00:17:34,240 --> 00:17:39,920 |
|
two amino acids ูุฐู ุจููุชุฌ ุนูุฏูุง ุงูู Insulin ู ุงูู |
|
|
|
191 |
|
00:17:39,920 --> 00:17:46,300 |
|
C-peptide ูุจูู |
|
|
|
192 |
|
00:17:46,300 --> 00:17:50,380 |
|
ุฒู ู
ุง ูู ูุงุถุญ ุนูุฏูุง ุจุงู figure ูุงู ูุงู ุงููู ูู ุงูู |
|
|
|
193 |
|
00:17:50,380 --> 00:17:54,720 |
|
Pro-insulin ูุงู ุนูุฏูุง ุงููู ูู ุงูู A-chain ู ุงูู B |
|
|
|
194 |
|
00:17:54,720 --> 00:17:56,500 |
|
-chain ู ูุงู ุงูู C-peptide |
|
|
|
195 |
|
00:18:02,900 --> 00:18:08,600 |
|
ู ุนุดุงู ูุญุตู ุนูู ุงู insulin ูุงุจุฏ ู
ู ูุทุน ุงู C |
|
|
|
196 |
|
00:18:08,600 --> 00:18:14,720 |
|
-peptide ุฒู ู
ุง ููููุง ุฃูู ูู ุนูุฏูุง two enzymes ูู |
|
|
|
197 |
|
00:18:14,720 --> 00:18:21,640 |
|
ุนูุฏูุง ุงู P-C-I ูุฐุง ุจููุทุน ุจูู ุงูุนู
ููุง ุฃุณู 32 ู 33 |
|
|
|
198 |
|
00:18:21,640 --> 00:18:28,160 |
|
ุฒู ู
ุง ูู ูุงุถุญ ูุงู ุชู
ุงู
ุจูุจูู ุจูุตูุฑ ุนูุฏูุง ูุทุน ูุงู |
|
|
|
199 |
|
00:18:29,070 --> 00:18:34,310 |
|
ูุนูุง ุงูุงูุฒูู
ุงูุฃุฎุฑ ุงููู ูู ุงู PC2 ุจููุทุน ุจูู ุงููู |
|
|
|
200 |
|
00:18:34,310 --> 00:18:45,850 |
|
ูู ุฎู
ุณุฉ ูุณุชูู ูุณุชุฉ ูุณุชูู ุชู
ุงู
|
|
|
|
201 |
|
00:18:45,850 --> 00:18:52,950 |
|
ูุจูู PC1 ุจููุทุน ุจูู 32 ู33 ูุจูุญุตู |
|
|
|
202 |
|
00:18:52,950 --> 00:18:57,780 |
|
ุนูู ุงููู ูู split 32 ู33 Proinsulinุจุนุฏ ููู ุนูุฏูุง |
|
|
|
203 |
|
00:18:57,780 --> 00:19:02,900 |
|
ุงู enzyme ุงู CBH ุฒู
ูููุง ุจูุนู
ู removal ู ุงู two |
|
|
|
204 |
|
00:19:02,900 --> 00:19:10,620 |
|
amino acids ู ุจูุญุตู ุนูู this 3130-t-pro-insulin ู |
|
|
|
205 |
|
00:19:10,620 --> 00:19:18,560 |
|
ุนูุฏูุง ุจุนุฏ ููู ุงู enzyme ุงูุงุฎุฑ ุงููู ุจูุนู
ู ูุทุน ู ุงู |
|
|
|
206 |
|
00:19:18,560 --> 00:19:22,560 |
|
.. ุงููู ูู ุงู .. ุงู c-peptide ู
ู ุงููุงุญูุฉ ุงูุฃุฎุฑู |
|
|
|
207 |
|
00:19:22,560 --> 00:19:28,570 |
|
ุงููู ุจููุทุน ุจูู ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ู ุณุชุฉ .. ุจููุจูู 64 ู 65 ู |
|
|
|
208 |
|
00:19:28,570 --> 00:19:32,030 |
|
ุจุนุฏูู ุจูุตูุฑ ุจุฑุถู ุนูุฏูุง ุนู ุทุฑูู ุงู ู CpH ุจูุตูุฑ |
|
|
|
209 |
|
00:19:32,030 --> 00:19:39,800 |
|
removal ู ุงููู ูู ุงู two amino acidsูู ุนูุฏูุง two |
|
|
|
210 |
|
00:19:39,800 --> 00:19:44,220 |
|
pathways ููุฐู ุงูุนู
ููุฉ ุนูุฏูุง ุงูู major pathway ุงููู |
|
|
|
211 |
|
00:19:44,220 --> 00:19:52,180 |
|
ุจุชุชู
ุงููู ูู ุจุฏุงูุฉ ุงููู ูุทุน ุงูู PC1 ุจูู ุงูู amino |
|
|
|
212 |
|
00:19:52,180 --> 00:19:57,700 |
|
acids 32 ู33 ุฃู 30 ู ุจุชุชูู
ู ุงูุนู
ููุฉ ููู ุนูุฏูุง ุงู |
|
|
|
213 |
|
00:19:57,700 --> 00:20:05,140 |
|
minor pathway ุงููู ูู ุจูุจุฏุฃ ุงููุทุน ุจุงูู PC2 ู ุจูุตูุฑ |
|
|
|
214 |
|
00:20:05,140 --> 00:20:09,470 |
|
ุจุนุฏ ุฐูู removal ููู twoุฃู
ููู ุฃุณูุฏ ู ุจุนุฏูู ุจูุตูุฑ |
|
|
|
215 |
|
00:20:09,470 --> 00:20:14,410 |
|
ุนูุฏูุง ูุทุน ู
ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู ุจ ุงู PC-1 ู removal ุงู two |
|
|
|
216 |
|
00:20:14,410 --> 00:20:20,410 |
|
amino acids ุนู ุทุฑูู ุงู ูุงุณู pH ู ุจูุญุตู ุจุงูููุงูุฉ |
|
|
|
217 |
|
00:20:20,410 --> 00:20:29,050 |
|
ุนูู ุงูุณูููู ู ุนูู ุงู C-peptide ู
ู |
|
|
|
218 |
|
00:20:29,050 --> 00:20:37,080 |
|
ุฎูุงู ุงูุฃุจุญุงุซูุฌูุง ุงูู ูู ุตุงุฑ ูู incubation ูู |
|
|
|
219 |
|
00:20:37,080 --> 00:20:43,960 |
|
Proinsulin ู
ุน ุงู BC-1 ููุท ูุฌูุง ุงูู ุงู BC-1 ูุนููุง |
|
|
|
220 |
|
00:20:43,960 --> 00:20:49,620 |
|
ุจูุนู
ู ุงููุทุนูู ุงูู
ุทููุจูู ุชู
ุงู
ุจูุนู
ู ุงููุทุน ุงููู ูู |
|
|
|
221 |
|
00:20:49,620 --> 00:20:58,290 |
|
ุจูู32 ู ุจูู 33 ู ุจูู ุงูู 65 ู ุจูู ุงููู ูู ุงูู 66 |
|
|
|
222 |
|
00:20:58,290 --> 00:21:03,790 |
|
ูุจูู ุงูู BC1 ูุงุฏุฑ ุนูู ุฃูู ููุทุน ูู ูุฏูู ุงูู
ูุทูุชูู |
|
|
|
223 |
|
00:21:03,790 --> 00:21:15,490 |
|
ุจููู
ุง ุงูู BC2 ูุฌูุง ุฃูู ุจููุทุน ููุท ูู ูุฐู ุงูู
ูุทูุฉ ุฒู |
|
|
|
224 |
|
00:21:15,490 --> 00:21:18,450 |
|
ู
ุง ุฐูุฑูุง ูู ุงูู slider ุงูุณุงุจูุฉ ุฃูู ูู ุนูุฏูุง ุงููู |
|
|
|
225 |
|
00:21:18,450 --> 00:21:19,590 |
|
ูู ุงูู minor pathway |
|
|
|
226 |
|
00:21:22,170 --> 00:21:26,510 |
|
ูุฅูู less than 10% of pro-insulin is metabolized |
|
|
|
227 |
|
00:21:26,510 --> 00:21:32,590 |
|
via this 6465 pro-insulin which is present in |
|
|
|
228 |
|
00:21:32,590 --> 00:21:37,250 |
|
negligible amounts in humans ุงูู
ูู
ูุง ุฏู ุงููู ูู |
|
|
|
229 |
|
00:21:37,250 --> 00:21:41,930 |
|
ุงู minor part ู ุจููู
ุง ุฅู this 3132 pro-insulin is |
|
|
|
230 |
|
00:21:41,930 --> 00:21:46,510 |
|
the major pro-insulin conversion intermediate |
|
|
|
231 |
|
00:21:48,760 --> 00:21:53,560 |
|
ุงูุฌููููุฒ ูู ุงููู ุจูุชุญูู
ุจูู ุงูู Synthesis ูู ุงูู |
|
|
|
232 |
|
00:21:53,560 --> 00:21:58,460 |
|
Proinsulin ู ุฃูุถูุง ููุฅูุฒุงูู
ุงููู ูู ุงูู PC-1 ุงููู |
|
|
|
233 |
|
00:21:58,460 --> 00:22:04,180 |
|
ุจูุนู
ู ุงููุทุน ู ุชุญููู ุงููู ุจูุญูู ุงูู Proinsulin ุฅูู |
|
|
|
234 |
|
00:22:04,180 --> 00:22:08,540 |
|
Insulinูุจูู ุงูู Glucose regulates biosynthesis of |
|
|
|
235 |
|
00:22:08,540 --> 00:22:14,000 |
|
both Proinsulin and BC-1 ููู ู
ุงูููุด ุฃู ุชุฃุซูุฑ ุนูู |
|
|
|
236 |
|
00:22:14,000 --> 00:22:21,520 |
|
ุงูู BC-2 ุฃู ุนูู ุงูู Carboxypeptidase H ูุจูู ุจุนุฏ ู
ุง |
|
|
|
237 |
|
00:22:21,520 --> 00:22:24,460 |
|
ุงููู ูู ุงุชู
ุงูู ุนู
ููุฉ ุงููุทุน ุจุนุฏ ุฐูู ุจูุตูุฑ ููู ุงูู |
|
|
|
238 |
|
00:22:24,460 --> 00:22:29,800 |
|
Exocytosis ู ุจูุตูุฑ ููู Release ููุฅูุณููู ู ููู C |
|
|
|
239 |
|
00:22:29,800 --> 00:22:30,640 |
|
-Peptide |
|
|
|
240 |
|
00:22:33,200 --> 00:22:40,440 |
|
ูุจูุฏุฎููุง ูููุจุฏ ุนู ุทุฑูู ุงู portal circulation ูุจูู |
|
|
|
241 |
|
00:22:40,440 --> 00:22:44,980 |
|
ุจูุตูุฑ ููู inner release ูุจูุฏุฎููุง ููู ุงูุฏู
ูุจูุฏุฎููุง |
|
|
|
242 |
|
00:22:44,980 --> 00:22:49,300 |
|
ูููุจุฏ ุนู ุทุฑูู ุงู portal circulation ู ุจุนุฏูู ุทุจุนุง |
|
|
|
243 |
|
00:22:49,300 --> 00:22:54,760 |
|
ุจูุตููุง ุฅูู ุฌู
ูุน ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุงูุฌุณู
|
|
|
|
244 |
|
00:22:56,750 --> 00:23:01,410 |
|
ุจุงูุฅุถุงูุฉ ููุฅูุณูููู ูุงูู C-peptide ุจุฑุถู ุจููุงูู |
|
|
|
245 |
|
00:23:01,410 --> 00:23:06,110 |
|
small amounts of pro-insulin ูู
ู ุงู intermediate |
|
|
|
246 |
|
00:23:06,110 --> 00:23:12,970 |
|
cleavage forms ูุฏูู ุจููุงูููู
ุจุฑุถู ู
ูุฌูุฏูู ูู ุงู |
|
|
|
247 |
|
00:23:12,970 --> 00:23:17,250 |
|
circulation ุทูุจุ |
|
|
|
248 |
|
00:23:17,250 --> 00:23:21,470 |
|
ุฅูุด ุงู stimulus ุฃู ุงู signal ุงููู ุจุชุคุฏู ุฅูู ุงู |
|
|
|
249 |
|
00:23:21,470 --> 00:23:26,700 |
|
release of insulinุุงูุฌููููุฒ is the most important |
|
|
|
250 |
|
00:23:26,700 --> 00:23:32,800 |
|
physiological secretagogue for |
|
|
|
251 |
|
00:23:32,800 --> 00:23:37,700 |
|
insulin ูุจูู ูู ุงู substance that promotes |
|
|
|
252 |
|
00:23:37,700 --> 00:23:41,060 |
|
secretion of insulin ุงูุฌููููุฒ substance that |
|
|
|
253 |
|
00:23:41,060 --> 00:23:45,600 |
|
promotes the secretion of insulin ูุจูู ุงูุฒูุงุฏุฉ |
|
|
|
254 |
|
00:23:45,600 --> 00:23:52,140 |
|
ูุจูุฏ ูู ุงูุจูุฏ ุงูุฌููููุฒ ุจูุนู
ู stimulationููู beta |
|
|
|
255 |
|
00:23:52,140 --> 00:23:57,680 |
|
cells ุนุดุงู ุชุนู
ู ุงููู ูู secretion ููุฅูุณููู ููุฐุง |
|
|
|
256 |
|
00:23:57,680 --> 00:24:01,140 |
|
ุจูุตูุฑ within minutes insulin release is |
|
|
|
257 |
|
00:24:01,140 --> 00:24:06,420 |
|
potentiated by substances such as the encretin |
|
|
|
258 |
|
00:24:06,420 --> 00:24:13,680 |
|
hormones ูุนูู ุงู ูู ุดุบูุงุช ุจุฑุถู ูุฐู ุจุชุฒูุฏ ู
ู ุฅูุฑุงุฒ |
|
|
|
259 |
|
00:24:14,120 --> 00:24:17,560 |
|
ุงูุงูุณูููู ุฒู ุนูุฏูุง ุงูุงููุฑูุชูู hormones ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู |
|
|
|
260 |
|
00:24:17,560 --> 00:24:23,980 |
|
ู
ุฌู
ูุนุฉ ู
ู ุงููุฑู
ููุงุช ุงููู ุจูุตููุง release ุจุนุฏ ุงูุฃูู |
|
|
|
261 |
|
00:24:23,980 --> 00:24:29,200 |
|
ุจุฌูุฉ ุงููุฑู
ููุงุช ูู
ุง ุงูุฅูุณุงู ุจูุชูุงูู ุงููู ูู ุงูุทุนุงู
|
|
|
|
262 |
|
00:24:29,200 --> 00:24:34,220 |
|
ุจูุตูุฑ ููู ุนูุฏูุง release ู ุงูุงููุฑูุชูู hormones ุฒู |
|
|
|
263 |
|
00:24:34,220 --> 00:24:37,440 |
|
ุงููู ูู ุงู glucagon-like peptide ู ุงู glucose |
|
|
|
264 |
|
00:24:37,440 --> 00:24:41,320 |
|
-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide |
|
|
|
265 |
|
00:24:42,100 --> 00:24:49,440 |
|
ูยซููููุณุงูุชููุงูููู ุจูุจุชุงูุฏ YYยป ูยซุฅูุฒููุชูู
ูุฏูููููยป |
|
|
|
266 |
|
00:24:49,440 --> 00:24:53,100 |
|
ูููุง ูุฐู ูุฑู
ููุงุช ุจุณ ุงููู ูุง release ุจุนุฏ ุชูุงูู |
|
|
|
267 |
|
00:24:53,100 --> 00:25:00,380 |
|
ุงูุทุนุงู
ููุฐู ุงููุฑู
ููุงุช ูููุง ุจุชุฒูุฏ ู
ู ุงู release |
|
|
|
268 |
|
00:25:00,380 --> 00:25:02,300 |
|
ููุฅูุณูููู |
|
|
|
269 |
|
00:25:04,000 --> 00:25:07,940 |
|
ูู ุงูู
ูุงุจู ุฅูู ุงูุนุฏูุฏ ู
ู ุงูุนูุงู
ู ุงููู ุจุชุนู
ู |
|
|
|
270 |
|
00:25:07,940 --> 00:25:12,220 |
|
Inhibition ูู Insulin Release ูู
ููุง ุงูู |
|
|
|
271 |
|
00:25:12,220 --> 00:25:17,000 |
|
Hypoglycemia ูุนูู ุงูุฎูุงุถ ูู ู
ุณุชูู ุงูู Glucose ุฅูู |
|
|
|
272 |
|
00:25:17,000 --> 00:25:21,760 |
|
ุงูู Somatostatin ุงููู ุจููุฑุฒ ุจุฑุถู ูู ุงูู Pancreas |
|
|
|
273 |
|
00:25:21,760 --> 00:25:26,440 |
|
ู
ู ุฎูุงู ุงูู Delta Cells ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูู ุงูู Pancreas |
|
|
|
274 |
|
00:25:26,710 --> 00:25:32,010 |
|
ูุฐุง ุงูู hormone ุจูุนู
ู ุงููู ูู inhibition ุนูู ุงูู |
|
|
|
275 |
|
00:25:32,010 --> 00:25:36,030 |
|
beta cells ูุจุงูุชุงูู ุจูููู ุฃู ุจูุนู
ู inhibition ููู |
|
|
|
276 |
|
00:25:36,030 --> 00:25:42,650 |
|
release ููุฅูุณูููู ุจุงูุฅุถุงูุฉ ููุนุฏูุฏ ู
ู ุงู drugs ุงููู |
|
|
|
277 |
|
00:25:42,650 --> 00:25:47,770 |
|
ู
ู
ูู ุจุชุนู
ู inhibition ููู release ููุฅูุณูููู ู
ู |
|
|
|
278 |
|
00:25:47,770 --> 00:25:52,030 |
|
ุฎูุงู ุชุฃุซูุฑูุง ุนูู ุงู beta cells |
|
|
|
279 |
|
00:25:58,690 --> 00:26:01,690 |
|
in health individuals insulin is released in a |
|
|
|
280 |
|
00:26:01,690 --> 00:26:05,610 |
|
pulsatile fashion ูุจูู ุจูููู ุงููู ูู ุนู ุทุฑูู ุงููู |
|
|
|
281 |
|
00:26:05,610 --> 00:26:11,050 |
|
ูู pulses ุฃู ูุจูู ุนูุฏูุง ูู ูุชุฑุฉ ุจูุตูุฑ ูู release |
|
|
|
282 |
|
00:26:11,050 --> 00:26:15,210 |
|
ููู
ูุฉ ู
ู ุงู insulin ูุจูู ูู ุนูุฏูุง pulsatile |
|
|
|
283 |
|
00:26:15,210 --> 00:26:20,620 |
|
releaseุ pulseswith glucose and insulin the main |
|
|
|
284 |
|
00:26:20,620 --> 00:26:25,140 |
|
signals in the feedback loop ูุจูู ูู
ุงููู .. ู |
|
|
|
285 |
|
00:26:25,140 --> 00:26:28,780 |
|
ุงููู ุจุชุญูู
ู ู ุงููู ุจูุนู
ููุง ุงููู ูู feedback ุฃู |
|
|
|
286 |
|
00:26:28,780 --> 00:26:31,240 |
|
negative feedback ุนูู ุงู .. ุงู release ุงููู |
|
|
|
287 |
|
00:26:31,240 --> 00:26:35,500 |
|
glucose ู ุงู insulin ุงู glucose ุงููู sets the |
|
|
|
288 |
|
00:26:35,500 --> 00:26:39,000 |
|
release of insulin from the pancreas into phases |
|
|
|
289 |
|
00:26:39,000 --> 00:26:46,220 |
|
ูุจูู ูู
ุง ุจูุฏุฎู ุงู glucose ู ุงูุฏู
ุจูุตูุฑ ููู ุงูุง |
|
|
|
290 |
|
00:26:46,220 --> 00:26:52,210 |
|
release ูุงู insulinุจุงููู ู
ุฑุญูุชูู ุฃู ุนูู ู
ุฑุญูุชูู |
|
|
|
291 |
|
00:26:52,210 --> 00:27:01,410 |
|
ุงูู
ุฑุญูุฉ ุงูุฃููู ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุจุนุฏ ุฏูููุฉ ุฅูู ุฏูููุชูู ู
ู ุฏุฎูู |
|
|
|
292 |
|
00:27:01,410 --> 00:27:09,310 |
|
ุงูู glucose ููุฏู
ู ุจุชูุชูู ุนูุฏ ุนุดุฑ ุฏูุงุฆู ุงูู
ุฑุญูุฉ |
|
|
|
293 |
|
00:27:09,310 --> 00:27:13,330 |
|
ุงูุฃููู ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ูุนูู ุจุดูู ุณุฑูุน ุจุนุฏ ุฏูููุฉ ุฃู ุฏูููุชูู |
|
|
|
294 |
|
00:27:13,890 --> 00:27:18,590 |
|
ูุจุชูุชูู ุนูุฏ ุนุดุฑ ุฏูุงุฆู ูุจูุฐู ุงูู
ุฑุญูุฉ ุจูููู ูู ุนูุฏูุง |
|
|
|
295 |
|
00:27:18,590 --> 00:27:23,190 |
|
release ููู
ูุฉ ูุจูุฑุฉ ู
ู ุงูุงูุณูููู ูุจูู sharp spike |
|
|
|
296 |
|
00:27:23,190 --> 00:27:29,130 |
|
represent the rapid release of stored insulin ูุจูู |
|
|
|
297 |
|
00:27:29,130 --> 00:27:34,290 |
|
ุจูุตูุฑ release ููู
ูุฉ ูุจูุฑุฉ ู
ู ุงูุงูุณูููู ุจุนุฏ ููู |
|
|
|
298 |
|
00:27:34,290 --> 00:27:38,070 |
|
ุจุชุฏุฎู ุงูู
ุฑุญูุฉ ุงูุชุงููุฉ beginning at the point where |
|
|
|
299 |
|
00:27:38,070 --> 00:27:44,010 |
|
the first phase ended ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุจุนุฏ ุงูุนุดุฑ ุฏูุงุฆููุจุชุณุชู
ุฑ |
|
|
|
300 |
|
00:27:44,010 --> 00:27:50,030 |
|
ูุบุงูุฉ ู
ุง ูุฑุฌุน ู
ุณุชูู ุงูู glucose ูู ุงูุฏู
ุฅูู |
|
|
|
301 |
|
00:27:50,030 --> 00:27:58,570 |
|
ุงูู
ุณุชูู ุงูุทุจูุนู ููุฐู ู
ู
ูู ุชุณุชู
ุฑ ูุนูู ูู
ุฏุฉ 60 ุฅูู |
|
|
|
302 |
|
00:27:58,570 --> 00:28:08,940 |
|
120 ุฏูููุฉ ุฃู ูุนูู ุชูุชูู ุจุนุฏ 60 ุฅูู 120 ุฏูููุฉูุฐุง |
|
|
|
303 |
|
00:28:08,940 --> 00:28:15,200 |
|
ุงูู figure ุจููุถุญ ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ุฃู |
|
|
|
304 |
|
00:28:15,200 --> 00:28:20,060 |
|
ุงูู concentration ููู ุงูุงูุณูููู ุจูุงุก ุนูู ุงู |
|
|
|
305 |
|
00:28:20,060 --> 00:28:28,060 |
|
injection ูุฌููููุฒ ูู ุงูุฏู
ูุจูู ููุง ุฅูู ูู
ูุฉ |
|
|
|
306 |
|
00:28:28,060 --> 00:28:34,720 |
|
ุงูุงูุณูููู ุงููู ุตููุง detection ูู ุงูุฏู
ู ููุง ุฅูู ุงู |
|
|
|
307 |
|
00:28:34,720 --> 00:28:42,190 |
|
timeููุง ุฅู ูู ุดุฎุต ุทุจูุนู ูุฒู ู
ุง ูููุง ุฅูู ุจูุตูุฑ ููู |
|
|
|
308 |
|
00:28:42,190 --> 00:28:48,750 |
|
ุฅูู release ููุฅูุณูููู ุนูู ู
ุฑุญูุชูู ูุงู ุงููู ูู ูู
ูุฉ |
|
|
|
309 |
|
00:28:48,750 --> 00:28:54,310 |
|
ุงูุฅูุณูููู ูุจู ู
ุง ูุชู
ุญูู ุงูุดุฎุต ุจุนุดุฑูู ุฌุฑุงู
ู
ู ุงู |
|
|
|
310 |
|
00:28:54,310 --> 00:28:59,630 |
|
glucose ูุงู ุนูุฏ ุณูุฑ ุตุงุฑ ุฅู ุนู
ููุฉ ุงูุญููุฒู ู
ุง ุฃุญูุง |
|
|
|
311 |
|
00:28:59,630 --> 00:29:03,990 |
|
ุดุงูููู ุฃูู ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุนูุฏูุง ุงู phase one ุงูู
ุฑุญูุฉ ุงูุฃููู |
|
|
|
312 |
|
00:29:03,990 --> 00:29:07,930 |
|
ุฒู ู
ุง ูููุง ุฎูุงู ุฏูููุฉ ุฅูู ุฏูููุชูู ุจูุตูุฑ ูู ุนูุฏู ุงู |
|
|
|
313 |
|
00:29:07,930 --> 00:29:14,730 |
|
release ู ุงููู ูู ูู
ูุฉ ูุจูุฑุฉ ู
ู ุงู incidentุจุนุฏ ููู |
|
|
|
314 |
|
00:29:14,730 --> 00:29:18,050 |
|
ุจุนุฏ ููุฐู ุจุชุณุชู
ุฑ ู ุชูุฑูุจุง ุนุดุฑ ุฏูุงุฆู ุจุนุฏ ููู ุจุชุจุฏุฃ |
|
|
|
315 |
|
00:29:18,050 --> 00:29:22,850 |
|
ุนูุฏู ุงู concentration ู ุงู insulin ูู ุจูุจุฏุฃ ุจูู |
|
|
|
316 |
|
00:29:22,850 --> 00:29:27,670 |
|
ุงูู
ุฑุญูุฉ ุงูุชุงููุฉ ูู ู
ุง ูุฒู ุงู glucose concentration |
|
|
|
317 |
|
00:29:27,670 --> 00:29:33,650 |
|
ูู ู
ุง ููุช ูู
ูุฉ ุงู insulin ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูุบุงูุฉ ู
ุง ุชุฑุฌุน |
|
|
|
318 |
|
00:29:33,650 --> 00:29:39,070 |
|
ูู
ูุฉ ุงููู ูู ุงู insulin ู ุงู basal levels ุนูุฏู
ุง |
|
|
|
319 |
|
00:29:39,070 --> 00:29:44,940 |
|
ุชุฑุฌุน ุงููู ูู ุงู concentration ู glucoseุฅูู ุงูู
ุณุชูู |
|
|
|
320 |
|
00:29:44,940 --> 00:29:50,860 |
|
ุงูุทุจูุนู ุงู figures ุงูุชุงููุฉ ุงููู ูู ุงููุง figure B |
|
|
|
321 |
|
00:29:50,860 --> 00:29:57,780 |
|
ูุฐุง ุจููุถุญ ูู
ูุฉ ุงู insulin ุนูุฏ ุดุฎุต ู
ุตุงุจ ุจุงู type 2 |
|
|
|
322 |
|
00:29:57,780 --> 00:30:01,640 |
|
diabetes mellitus ู ุงููุงุณ ุงูู
ุตุงุจูู ุจุงู type 2 |
|
|
|
323 |
|
00:30:01,640 --> 00:30:07,040 |
|
diabetes mellitus ุจูููุฏูุง phase one ุจููููุด ู
ูุฌูุฏ |
|
|
|
324 |
|
00:30:07,040 --> 00:30:13,730 |
|
ุนูุฏูู
phase one ุนุดุงู ููููู
ุง ุจูุชูุงูููุง ุงูู |
|
|
|
325 |
|
00:30:13,730 --> 00:30:18,610 |
|
carbohydrates ูุจูุฏุฎู ุงูุฌููููุฒ ููุฏู
ุจููุงูู ุฃูู ุจูุธู |
|
|
|
326 |
|
00:30:18,610 --> 00:30:23,150 |
|
ุงูู ุงูู ุงูู glucose concentration ู
ุฑุชูุนุฉ ูุชุฑุฉ |
|
|
|
327 |
|
00:30:23,150 --> 00:30:28,430 |
|
ุทูููุฉ ูู ุงูุฏู
ูุฃูู ุงูู phase one ุงูู
ุฑุญูุฉ ุงูุฃููู |
|
|
|
328 |
|
00:30:28,430 --> 00:30:34,470 |
|
ู
ูู
ุฉ ููู ุงููู ูู ุฎูุถ ู
ุณุชูู ุงูุณูุฑ ุณุฑูุนุง ูุฃู ุฒู ู
ุง |
|
|
|
329 |
|
00:30:34,470 --> 00:30:38,070 |
|
ูููุง ุจูุตูุฑ release ููู
ูุฉ ูุจูุฑุฉ ู
ู ุงูุงูุณูููู ู ุงููู |
|
|
|
330 |
|
00:30:38,070 --> 00:30:44,370 |
|
ูู ุจุดูู ุณุฑูุน ููู ุงูู type twoุงูู diabetic patients |
|
|
|
331 |
|
00:30:44,370 --> 00:30:48,730 |
|
ุงูู phase one ู
ุด ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ุนูุฏูู
ูุนูู ุฌูุงู ุนูุฏ ุณูุฑ |
|
|
|
332 |
|
00:30:48,730 --> 00:30:53,330 |
|
ุตุงุฑ ููู ุนูุฏู ุงููู ูู injection ูุนุดุฑูู ุฌุฑุงู
ู
ู |
|
|
|
333 |
|
00:30:53,330 --> 00:30:57,210 |
|
ุงูุฌููููุฒ ุฒู ู
ุง ุฃุญูุง ุดุงูููู ุฃูู ู
ุงููุด ุนูุฏูุง spike |
|
|
|
334 |
|
00:30:57,210 --> 00:31:01,770 |
|
ุฒู ู
ุง ุตุงุฑ ูู ูุงู ูุจูู ุงู phase one ู
ุด ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ููู |
|
|
|
335 |
|
00:31:01,770 --> 00:31:08,150 |
|
ุงู phase two ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ุจูุจุฏุฃ ุจูุฑุชูุน ุนูุฏูุง ุงู insulin |
|
|
|
336 |
|
00:31:11,130 --> 00:31:18,650 |
|
ู ุฒู ู
ุง ุญูููุง ุฅูู ูุฐุง ุจูุงุฎุฏ ูุนูู ูุชุฑุงุช ุทูููุฉ |
|
|
|
337 |
|
00:31:18,650 --> 00:31:27,430 |
|
ูููุตูู ุฅูู ุงู normal concentration ูุนูู |
|
|
|
338 |
|
00:31:27,430 --> 00:31:30,270 |
|
ูุฃ ุทุจุนุง ุจุงู type 2 diabetes ู
ุด ููุตู ู ุงู normal |
|
|
|
339 |
|
00:31:30,270 --> 00:31:34,670 |
|
ูุนูู ุนุดุงู ูุฎูุถ ุงู glucose ููู ุทุจุนุง ู
ุด ููุตู ู ุงู |
|
|
|
340 |
|
00:31:34,670 --> 00:31:41,520 |
|
normal ููุธู ููุง ุงู glucose ู
ุฑุชูุนุจููู
ุง ุจู ุงู |
|
|
|
341 |
|
00:31:41,520 --> 00:31:45,920 |
|
patients with type 1 ุทุจุนุง ุฅูุง ู
ุดููุฉ ุฃุตูุง ุฅุญูุง ูู |
|
|
|
342 |
|
00:31:45,920 --> 00:31:52,280 |
|
ุงู release of insulin ูุฃูู ุนูุฏูุง ุงููู ูู ุตุงุฑ ูู |
|
|
|
343 |
|
00:31:52,280 --> 00:31:56,040 |
|
destruction ู ุงู beta cells ูุจุงูุชุงูู ูุนูู ุงู |
|
|
|
344 |
|
00:31:56,040 --> 00:31:59,720 |
|
insulin ู
ุด ู
ูุฌูุฏ ุฃู ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูุนูู ุจ very low |
|
|
|
345 |
|
00:31:59,720 --> 00:32:00,860 |
|
concentrations |
|
|
|
346 |
|
00:32:03,380 --> 00:32:06,720 |
|
ูุจูู ุฒู ู
ุง ุดูููุง ูู ุงู figure ุงูุตุงุจู with |
|
|
|
347 |
|
00:32:06,720 --> 00:32:09,360 |
|
progressive failure of beta cell function first |
|
|
|
348 |
|
00:32:09,360 --> 00:32:15,740 |
|
phase insulin response ููุฌููููุฒ is lost ููู ุฃู ุงู |
|
|
|
349 |
|
00:32:15,740 --> 00:32:21,060 |
|
second phase ุจุชุธู ุงููู ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ is preserved both |
|
|
|
350 |
|
00:32:21,060 --> 00:32:23,520 |
|
the first phase response and normal pulsatile |
|
|
|
351 |
|
00:32:23,520 --> 00:32:26,760 |
|
insulin secretion are lost ูุจูู ุงู first phase |
|
|
|
352 |
|
00:32:26,760 --> 00:32:32,790 |
|
ุจูููุฏ ุงู pulsatile insulin secretion ุจูููุฏููู ุงูู |
|
|
|
353 |
|
00:32:32,790 --> 00:32:39,550 |
|
second phase ุจุชุธู ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูุทุจุนุง ุงู word type one |
|
|
|
354 |
|
00:32:39,550 --> 00:32:44,510 |
|
ุฃูู ุฃุตูุง ู
ุดููุฉ ูู ุงู release ููุฅูุณููู ูุจุงูุชุงูู |
|
|
|
355 |
|
00:32:44,510 --> 00:32:50,110 |
|
minimal or no insulin response ุงูููุทุฉ ุงูุชุงููุฉ ุงู |
|
|
|
356 |
|
00:32:50,110 --> 00:32:51,750 |
|
insulin degradation |
|
|
|
357 |
|
00:32:56,300 --> 00:32:58,660 |
|
ุนูู ุงูุทุฑูู ุงูุฃูู ู
ู ุฎูุงู ุงูู Portal Circulation |
|
|
|
358 |
|
00:32:58,660 --> 00:33:04,300 |
|
ูุญู ุฒู ู
ุง ูููุง ุฃูู ุจูุตูุฑ ููู ุฅุทูุงู ููุฅูุณููู ุจูุฏุฎู |
|
|
|
359 |
|
00:33:04,300 --> 00:33:09,160 |
|
ูููุจุฏ ุนู ุทุฑูู ุงูู Portal Circulation ูุจูู ุนูุฏูุง |
|
|
|
360 |
|
00:33:09,160 --> 00:33:12,040 |
|
ุงูุทุฑูู ุงูุฃูู ู
ู ุฎูุงู ุงูู Portal Circulation |
|
|
|
361 |
|
00:33:12,040 --> 00:33:20,050 |
|
ุชูุฑูุจูุง 50% ู
ู ุงูุฅูุณููู ูุชู
ุฅุฎุฑุงุฌู ู
ู ุงูุฌูุฏูุนูู |
|
|
|
362 |
|
00:33:20,050 --> 00:33:25,530 |
|
where it is degraded ูุนูู ู
ุด ู
ู
ูู ุงู .. ูุนูู ู
ุด ูู |
|
|
|
363 |
|
00:33:25,530 --> 00:33:29,030 |
|
ุงููู
ูุฉ ู
ู
ูู ุชุณุชุฎุฏู
ุงู degradation ูุนูู ู
ู
ูู ูุตูุฑ |
|
|
|
364 |
|
00:33:29,030 --> 00:33:32,950 |
|
ููู ูุนูููุง extraction ูุฎู
ุณูู ุจุงูู
ูุฉ ู
ู ุงูุงูุณูููู |
|
|
|
365 |
|
00:33:32,950 --> 00:33:41,390 |
|
ููู ู
ู
ูู ูุตูุฑ ูุงุญููุง release ูุจุนุถ ู
ู ูุฐู ุงููู
ูุฉ |
|
|
|
366 |
|
00:33:41,390 --> 00:33:46,630 |
|
ู
ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู ูู circulation ูู ูุนูู ู
ุด ูุชูุฑ ุฏูููุฉ ุฃูู |
|
|
|
367 |
|
00:33:46,990 --> 00:33:51,570 |
|
ุงูุฎู
ุณูู ุจุงูู
ูุฉ ูุฐู ุจูุตูุฑ ูู degradation ูุจูู ุจูุตูุฑ |
|
|
|
368 |
|
00:33:51,570 --> 00:33:55,410 |
|
ููู extraction ูุฎู
ุณูู ุจุงูู
ูุฉ ู
ู ุงูุงูุณููู ููู ู
ู
ูู |
|
|
|
369 |
|
00:33:55,410 --> 00:33:59,930 |
|
ูุงุญูุง ุจุนุถ ู
ู ูุฐู ุงููู
ูุฉ ุงููู ุตุงุฑุช ุงู extraction |
|
|
|
370 |
|
00:33:59,930 --> 00:34:04,190 |
|
ู
ู
ูู ุชุฑุฌุน ุชุฏุฎู ู ุงู circulation ู
ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู |
|
|
|
371 |
|
00:34:04,190 --> 00:34:07,370 |
|
additional insulin degradation occurs in the |
|
|
|
372 |
|
00:34:07,370 --> 00:34:12,300 |
|
kidneysูุนู
ููุฉ ุงูู degradation ูุง ุจุชุตูุฑ ููู ุงูู |
|
|
|
373 |
|
00:34:12,300 --> 00:34:17,280 |
|
tubules ูุจูู ุงูู proximal tubules ุจุดูู ุฎุงุต ูุจูู |
|
|
|
374 |
|
00:34:17,280 --> 00:34:21,580 |
|
ุจูุตูุฑ ููู ุนูุฏูุง filtration ููุฅูุณููู ุนู ุทุฑูู ุงูู |
|
|
|
375 |
|
00:34:21,580 --> 00:34:27,760 |
|
glomeruli ุจุนุฏ ููู ุจูุตูุฑ ููู reabsorption ููุฅูุณููู |
|
|
|
376 |
|
00:34:27,760 --> 00:34:31,520 |
|
ุจูู ุงู proximal convoluted tubule ูุจุชุตูุฑ |
|
|
|
377 |
|
00:34:31,520 --> 00:34:37,000 |
|
degradation ููุฅูุณููู ูู ุฏุงุฎู ุฎูุงูุง ุงู proximal |
|
|
|
378 |
|
00:34:37,000 --> 00:34:38,620 |
|
convoluted tubule |
|
|
|
379 |
|
00:35:01,390 --> 00:35:07,330 |
|
ุจูุณุจุฉ ููุง ุงูู Pro Insulin ุจุดูู ุทุจูุนู ุงููุง ุนุฏุฏ ุตุบูุฑ |
|
|
|
380 |
|
00:35:09,190 --> 00:35:13,870 |
|
of proinsulin enter the circulation ูุชูุฑูุจุง ุชูุงุชุฉ |
|
|
|
381 |
|
00:35:13,870 --> 00:35:18,310 |
|
ุจุงูู
ูุฉ of the amount of insulin ุจุชูุงุชุฉ ุจุงูู
ูุฉ ู
ู |
|
|
|
382 |
|
00:35:18,310 --> 00:35:21,230 |
|
ูู
ูุฉ ุงู insulin ุงููู ุจุชุฏุฎู ุงููู ูู ุนูุฏูุง ุจุชููู |
|
|
|
383 |
|
00:35:21,230 --> 00:35:25,830 |
|
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู ุงู proinsulin ููู ุจุงููุณุจุฉ ูู proinsulin |
|
|
|
384 |
|
00:35:25,830 --> 00:35:29,310 |
|
ุงู hepatic clearance rate for proinsulin is only |
|
|
|
385 |
|
00:35:29,310 --> 00:35:34,630 |
|
25% of that for insulin ูุนูู ุนูุฏูุง ุงู clearance |
|
|
|
386 |
|
00:35:34,630 --> 00:35:41,940 |
|
ุฃูู ู
ูุงุฑูุฉ ุจุงูุฅูุณููููุจุงูู
ูุงุจู ุฃูุถูุง ุงูู half-life |
|
|
|
387 |
|
00:35:41,940 --> 00:35:47,260 |
|
ูู ุงูู Proinsulin ุชูุฑูุจูุง ุชูุงุชูู ุฏูููุฉ ูุจูู ุงู |
|
|
|
388 |
|
00:35:47,260 --> 00:35:50,320 |
|
clearance ุงููู ุจูุช ุงู clearance ุฃูู ู
ูุงุฑูุฉ |
|
|
|
389 |
|
00:35:50,320 --> 00:35:54,400 |
|
ุจุงูุฅูุณููู ุงู half-life ูุงูู Proinsulin ุฃุนูู |
|
|
|
390 |
|
00:35:54,400 --> 00:36:01,320 |
|
ุชูุฑูุจูุง ุจุณุช ู
ุฑุงุช ู
ู ุงูุงูุณููู ูุจุงูุชุงููุฎูุงู ุงููู ูู |
|
|
|
391 |
|
00:36:01,320 --> 00:36:04,420 |
|
ุงูู fasting state ู
ู
ูู ููุงูู ุฅู ุงูู circulating |
|
|
|
392 |
|
00:36:04,420 --> 00:36:10,100 |
|
pro-insulin concentration approximately 10% to 15% |
|
|
|
393 |
|
00:36:10,100 --> 00:36:15,800 |
|
of insulin concentration ุงููู ูู ุจุณุจุจ .. ุฒู ู
ุง |
|
|
|
394 |
|
00:36:15,800 --> 00:36:21,500 |
|
ุฐูุฑูุง ุงูุณุจุจูู ุฅูู ุงูู clearance ุฃูู ูู ุงููุจุฏ ู ุงูู |
|
|
|
395 |
|
00:36:21,500 --> 00:36:28,120 |
|
half-life ุฃุทูู ุจุงููุณุจุฉ |
|
|
|
396 |
|
00:36:28,120 --> 00:36:29,680 |
|
ููู C-peptide |
|
|
|
397 |
|
00:36:32,210 --> 00:36:34,850 |
|
was initially thought to be devoid of biological |
|
|
|
398 |
|
00:36:34,850 --> 00:36:38,950 |
|
activity ููุงููุง ุจุงู .. ุจุงูุฃูู ุจูููุฑูุง ุฃูู ู
ุงููุด ุฃู |
|
|
|
399 |
|
00:36:38,950 --> 00:36:45,950 |
|
ูุธููุฉ ู
ูู
ุฉ ูู C-peptide and |
|
|
|
400 |
|
00:36:45,950 --> 00:36:48,510 |
|
was necessary only to ensure the correct structure |
|
|
|
401 |
|
00:36:48,510 --> 00:36:57,150 |
|
of insulin ููู ู
ู ุฎูุงู ุฃุจุญุงุซ ุงููู ุชู
ุชุนูู ุงูู C |
|
|
|
402 |
|
00:36:57,150 --> 00:36:59,770 |
|
-peptide ูุฌูุง ุฅู ุงูู C-peptide็ถญุณ ุจููููุฌููุงู |
|
|
|
403 |
|
00:36:59,770 --> 00:37:02,550 |
|
activity but its possible physiological |
|
|
|
404 |
|
00:37:02,550 --> 00:37:07,010 |
|
significance remains controversally ูุนูู ู
ุงููุด ูุณู |
|
|
|
405 |
|
00:37:07,010 --> 00:37:11,490 |
|
ุงุชูุงู ุนูู ุฅูุด ูุนูููุง ุงููุธููุฉ ุงููู ุจูููู
ูููุง ุงูู C |
|
|
|
406 |
|
00:37:11,490 --> 00:37:16,150 |
|
-peptide ููู ุนุฏูุฏ ู
ู ุงูุฃุจุญุงุซ ุจููุช ุฅูู ูู functions |
|
|
|
407 |
|
00:37:16,150 --> 00:37:20,470 |
|
ู
ุฎุชููุฉ ูู C-peptide ู
ููุง ุงููู ูู ุนู
ููุง ูู |
|
|
|
408 |
|
00:37:20,470 --> 00:37:21,930 |
|
antioxidant |
|
|
|
409 |
|
00:37:23,940 --> 00:37:29,620 |
|
ููู
ูู ูุฐุง ุดููุฉ ูุนูู ู
ูุทูู ูุฃูู ุทุจุนุง ุฅุฐุง ูุงู |
|
|
|
410 |
|
00:37:29,620 --> 00:37:36,320 |
|
ุงุฑุชูุงุนูุง ูุฌููููุฒ ุจุงูุฏู
ุฒู ู
ุง ุงุญูุง ุนุงุฑููู ูู
ู |
|
|
|
411 |
|
00:37:36,320 --> 00:37:39,360 |
|
ุฎูุงู ุงููู ูู ุงูู glycolysis ูุฅูุชุงุฌ ุงูุทุงูุฉุ ููุตูุฑ |
|
|
|
412 |
|
00:37:39,360 --> 00:37:43,100 |
|
ูู ุนูุฏูุง release ููReactive Oxygen Species |
|
|
|
413 |
|
00:37:43,100 --> 00:37:46,140 |
|
ูุจุงูุชุงูู |
|
|
|
414 |
|
00:37:46,140 --> 00:37:51,520 |
|
ูุนูู ูุฌูุฏ ุงููC-Beptide ููAntioxidant ู
ู
ููุงููู ูู |
|
|
|
415 |
|
00:37:51,520 --> 00:37:58,620 |
|
ูููู ู
ู ุงูู Reactive Oxygen Species ุงููู ูุชุชููู |
|
|
|
416 |
|
00:37:58,620 --> 00:38:03,440 |
|
ุงูุงูุณูููู |
|
|
|
417 |
|
00:38:03,440 --> 00:38:06,300 |
|
ู ุงูู C-peptide secreted into the portal |
|
|
|
418 |
|
00:38:06,300 --> 00:38:09,960 |
|
circulation in equimolar amounts ูุจูู ููุณ ุงููู
ูุฉ |
|
|
|
419 |
|
00:38:09,960 --> 00:38:13,540 |
|
ูุฃู ุฒู ู
ุง ุดููุง ุฃูู ุฃูุง ุงูู Proinsulin ุจูุตูุฑ ูู |
|
|
|
420 |
|
00:38:13,540 --> 00:38:19,640 |
|
ุนูุฏู a cleavage ูุจูู ูู ุงูุณูููู moleculeู
ูุงุจูู ูู |
|
|
|
421 |
|
00:38:19,640 --> 00:38:25,000 |
|
ุนูุฏูุง C-peptide ูุจูู ูู ุนูุฏู ููุณ ุงููู
ูุงุช ู
ู |
|
|
|
422 |
|
00:38:25,000 --> 00:38:28,520 |
|
ุงูุงูุณูููู ุงููู ุจูุณุชุฎุฏุนูุง ุงูููุฒ ุจุงูู
ูุงุจู ุจูุตูุฑ ููุณ |
|
|
|
423 |
|
00:38:28,520 --> 00:38:34,600 |
|
ุงููู
ูุฉ ู
ู ุงู C-peptide fasting C-peptide |
|
|
|
424 |
|
00:38:34,600 --> 00:38:37,760 |
|
concentration are five to ten fold higher than |
|
|
|
425 |
|
00:38:37,760 --> 00:38:43,130 |
|
those of insulinูุจูู ููุณ ุงููู
ูุฉ ุจุชุฏุฎู ุงูุฏู
ููู ูู
ุง |
|
|
|
426 |
|
00:38:43,130 --> 00:38:46,630 |
|
ููุฌู ูููุณ ูู
ูุฉ ุงูู C-peptide ุนูุฏ ุดุฎุตูู ุจููุงูู ุฃูู |
|
|
|
427 |
|
00:38:46,630 --> 00:38:52,710 |
|
ุฎู
ุณ ุฅูู ุนุดุฑ ุฃุถุนุงู ูู
ูุฉ ุงูู Insulin ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูุงูุณุจุจ |
|
|
|
428 |
|
00:38:52,710 --> 00:38:57,630 |
|
ุจูุนูุฏ ุฅูู ุงูู longer half-life ูู C-peptide ุงููู |
|
|
|
429 |
|
00:38:57,630 --> 00:39:02,910 |
|
ุชูุฑูุจุง ุฎู
ุณุฉ ู ุชูุงุชูู ุฏูููุฉ ู
ูุงุฑุฉ ุจุงูู half-life |
|
|
|
430 |
|
00:39:02,910 --> 00:39:10,150 |
|
ููุฅูุณููู ุงููู ูููุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู ุชูุฑูุจุง ุฎู
ุณ ุฏูุงุฆูุฃูุถูุง |
|
|
|
431 |
|
00:39:10,150 --> 00:39:15,090 |
|
the liver does not extract C-peptide ุจูุจุตูุฑุด ูู
ุงู |
|
|
|
432 |
|
00:39:15,090 --> 00:39:19,370 |
|
extraction ูุฃ ูู C-peptide ู
ูุงุฑูุฉ ุจุฅูุณููู ุงููู |
|
|
|
433 |
|
00:39:19,370 --> 00:39:23,010 |
|
ูููุง ุชูุฑูุจูุง ุฎู
ุณูู ุจุงูู
ูุฉ ู
ู ุงูุงูุณููู ุงููู ุจุฏุฎู ุงู |
|
|
|
434 |
|
00:39:23,010 --> 00:39:28,490 |
|
portal circulation ุจูุตูู extractionุงูู C-peptide |
|
|
|
435 |
|
00:39:28,490 --> 00:39:32,830 |
|
ุจูุตูุฑูุง ุงูู removal ู
ู ุงู circulation ุจุฑุถู ุนู ุทุฑูู |
|
|
|
436 |
|
00:39:32,830 --> 00:39:38,450 |
|
ุงููุฏูู ู ุจูุตูุฑ ููู degradation ูู ุงููุฏูู ู ูู
ูุฉ |
|
|
|
437 |
|
00:39:38,450 --> 00:39:46,070 |
|
ููููุฉ ู
ู ุงู intact C-peptide ุจุชุทูุน ูู ุงู urine |
|
|
|
438 |
|
00:39:46,070 --> 00:39:49,670 |
|
ูุนูู ุฒู ู
ุง ูู ุจุฏูู ุงู degradation |
|
|
|
|