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ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡
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ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ and a very good morning to all of you ููŠ
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ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุงุชู†ุงูˆู„ู†ุง ู…ูู‡ูˆู… ุงู„ intra pupillary
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distance ูˆุนุฑูู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ IPD is defined as the
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distance between from one pupil to another pupil
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from another eyeูˆุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ common
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difficulties and their solution ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
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ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุฃูˆ ุนููˆุง ุงู„ examiner ู…ุงุนู†ุฏู‡ูˆุด
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ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚ one eye ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
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ุฃูŠุถุงุŒ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุŸุงู†ู‡ ู‚ุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู†
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ุงู„ patient can not close for one ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ I ุจูŠู†ู…ุง
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number two ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ examiner ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ impair ู„ ุงู„
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visual acuity ุงูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชุนุทูŠู„ ุจุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฅุจุตุงุฑ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ
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ู„ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ู†ุจุฏุฃ subject is a strabismic ูŠุนู†ูŠ
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ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ examiner ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุฃูˆ ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
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ุญูˆู„ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู†
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ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงูŠ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†
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ุงู„ุญูˆุงู„ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ุญูˆุงู„ ู„ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงูŠุฒูˆุชุฑุงุจูŠุง ุงูˆ ูƒุงู† ุญูˆุงู„
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ู„ู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงูƒุฒูˆุชุฑุงุจูŠุง ุงู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุฒูˆุฏ ุงูˆ ุจูŠู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ
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ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Intrapibular distance ู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุนู†ุชูŠู†
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ู„ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ IBDุŸู‚ู„ ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุงุŸ ู„ูˆ
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ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ Intel ู„ู„ุฎุงุฑุฌุŒ ู‡ุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ IPD
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ูุฅู…ุง ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Artificial ุฃูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ู…ุตุทู†ุนุฉ ุณูˆุงุก
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช high ุฃูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงูŠู‡ low degrees ุฃูˆ low
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ readingto determine a true reading ุทุจ ุงุญู†ุง
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ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ู„ู„ IPD ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูƒูŠู ุงู†ุง
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ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุญุณุจู‡ุง simply cover the subjects eye
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not being observed ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ุงูŠุด ุงุญู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุบุทูŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู†
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุงุจู†ูุญุตู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูุญูˆุตุฉ
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ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุธู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ fixation ู…ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ examiner ูˆุงู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ู…ูุญูˆุธุฉ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ู„ู‡ุง
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ occluder ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชุบุทูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ cover
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ูุงู‡ู…ูŠู† ุนู„ูŠ ูƒูŠูุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงุฎุฑ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุจูŠุตุจุญ
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for one eye ุจุนูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏุฉthis ensures that the
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subject is fixating with the eye under observation
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ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุถุทุฑ ุถู…ุงู†ุฉ ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠุธู„ู‡ ุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
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fixation for one eye ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ under
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observation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุญุช ุงู„ูุญุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
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ุจู†ุดุชุบู„ ููŠู‡ุง
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ูˆ ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง ุงูŠ ุชู†ุญุฑุงู ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ
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ุงูˆ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„
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instances ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
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ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ where one eye turns out constantly ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ
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ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุฃู† ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญูˆู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุญูˆู„ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
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ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู…ุนูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุซุงุจุช constantly ู„ุง ูŠุชุบูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ ุบูŠุฑ
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ู…ุชู‚ุทุน
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Okay ุฅุฐุง in some instances where one eye turns out
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constantlyุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุชุธู„ู‡ุง ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู…ุนูŠู†The
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prescribing doctor may determine or the
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prescribing optometrist may determine that the
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wearer is better served if the lenses are centered
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in front of the pupils ุงู„ุขู† ุฃุฎุตุงุก ุงู„ุจุตุฑูŠุงุช ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏู‡
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ูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุฅุฒุงุญุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู†ู‡ ุชุตุจุญุงู„ุนูŠู†
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ Decentration ูˆุจุชุทู„ุน ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„
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optical center of a lens ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุนูŠู†
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ููŠู‡ุง ุญูˆู„ ุฏุงุฆู… ู„ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ุฃูˆ ู„ู„ุฎุงุฑุฌุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุฃุฎุตุงุก
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ุงู„ุจุตุฑูŠุงุช ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ Decentration ุฅุฒุงุญุฉุŒ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„
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optical center of a lensุŒ ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู†ู‡ ุชุตุจุญ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ู‡ูˆ straightูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุฏูˆู† ุฃูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุญูˆุงู„ู‡ ุฃูˆ ุงุฐุง
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ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ angle of deviation ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุงู†ู‡ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ
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This will require that a separate measure be taken
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for each I ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู…ู„ุŸ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฃู†ู‡
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ุฃู†ุง ุจุงุฎุฏ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ IBD ู„ูƒู„ ุนูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏู‡ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ุด
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ binocular IBDุŒ ุจุนู…ู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง monocular
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BD
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ุชู…ุงู… ุงูˆ monocular IBD one measurement will then be
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considerably larger than the other ุงูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู…ุง
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ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุนู…ู„ ู‚ูŠุงุณ monocular BD ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ IBDู„ุงุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
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ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ุŒ ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุงุŸ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†
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00:06:50,030 --> 00:06:53,930
ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูˆู„ ู„ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู†
73
00:06:53,930 --> 00:06:58,170
ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†ุŒ ุฅุฐุงู‹ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ IBD ุชุนู‡ุง ุฃูŠุดุŸ ุตุบูŠุฑุŒ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ
74
00:06:58,170 --> 00:07:02,010
ููŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ูู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ considerably
75
00:07:02,010 --> 00:07:06,470
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ larger ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€measurementุŒ
76
00:07:06,470 --> 00:07:11,000
ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู„ูƒู„ ุนูŠู†ุฃุญู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ู‚ุงุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
77
00:07:11,000 --> 00:07:19,380
ุงุณุชุฑุงุจูŠุฒู…ูŠูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ subject ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
78
00:07:19,380 --> 00:07:25,860
ู‡ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง turn off lightุŒ okayุŒ
79
00:07:25,860 --> 00:07:29,090
ู‡ุงู„ gate ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุŸ
80
00:07:29,090 --> 00:07:34,790
ุฅูƒุฒุงุชุฑูˆุจูŠุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ out ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ word ุงู„ุนูŠู† ู„ู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ุขู†
81
00:07:34,790 --> 00:07:39,550
ุงุญู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู†ุถุงุฑุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
82
00:07:39,550 --> 00:07:43,870
ุงูŠู‡ุŸ Decentration ุฅุฒุงุญุฉ ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู†ู‡ ุชุนุฏู„ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ููŠ
83
00:07:43,870 --> 00:07:49,390
ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุตู okay ู„ุจุณุฉ ุงู„ุทูู„ุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุถุงุฑุฉ ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
84
00:07:49,390 --> 00:07:53,350
ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุฅูŠุด ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุงุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ straightู„ุฃ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
85
00:07:53,350 --> 00:07:57,190
ุงู„ู€ I ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ issueุŸ ุงู„ู€ Decentration
86
00:07:57,190 --> 00:08:01,730
ู‡ูˆ ุฃุฎุตุงุก ุงู„ุจุตุฑูŠุงุช ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€
87
00:08:01,730 --> 00:08:04,890
intra pupillary distance between the two eyes
88
00:08:04,890 --> 00:08:06,170
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
89
00:08:08,950 --> 00:08:14,350
ุทูŠุจ subject is an uncooperative child ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†
90
00:08:14,350 --> 00:08:18,910
ุงู„ุทูู„ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุชุนุงูˆู† ูˆ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ููŠ ู…ุฌุชู…ุนู†ุง ุบูŠุฑ
91
00:08:18,910 --> 00:08:23,530
ู…ุชุนุงูˆู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุตุนูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ุฃุฎุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ IBD
92
00:08:23,530 --> 00:08:29,970
if the subject is young or uncooperative making
93
00:08:29,970 --> 00:08:35,790
normal BD measurements impossible ุฅุฐุง ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†
94
00:08:35,790 --> 00:08:43,570
ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉุงู„ู€ IBD ุฅูŠุด ู…ุงู„ู‡ุงุŸ ุตุนุจ ุฌุฏุง ุฃูˆ ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ The
95
00:08:43,570 --> 00:08:48,210
dispenser may have to take a canvass to canvass
96
00:08:48,210 --> 00:08:51,990
measurement ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ lateral canvass ู„ ุงู„
97
00:08:51,990 --> 00:08:57,770
media canvass ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ IBD ุฅุชุจุนุชูˆุง ุนู„ูŠุงุŸ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ
98
00:08:57,770 --> 00:09:00,830
ู…ู† ุงู„ lateral canvass ู„ ุงู„ media canvass
99
00:09:03,270 --> 00:09:08,190
this is done by measuring from the outer canthus
100
00:09:08,190 --> 00:09:19,010
ู†ูุชุฑุถ ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ู„ right eye ุชู…ุงู… to the inner canthus
101
00:09:19,010 --> 00:09:26,610
of the other eye ุฃูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ left eye ู„ูƒู†
102
00:09:26,610 --> 00:09:31,770
ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ unfortunately ู„ุณูˆุก ุงู„ุญุธThis
103
00:09:31,770 --> 00:09:36,810
measurement is not entirely exact ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูŠุณ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท
104
00:09:36,810 --> 00:09:42,310
ุงู†ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฌุฏุง ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ Since the inner
105
00:09:42,310 --> 00:09:46,950
canthi of the eyes encroach farther across the
106
00:09:46,950 --> 00:09:51,730
sclera with younger children ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง
107
00:09:52,510 --> 00:09:57,390
ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุฒูŠ ู…ูŠู† .. ุฒูŠ ุงู„ chinese ุงู†ู‡ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ูƒู„
108
00:09:57,390 --> 00:10:01,490
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ sclera ุงูˆ ุงู„ุตู„ุจุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ุฉ ู„ุฌูˆุง ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู†ุช ู…ุด
109
00:10:01,490 --> 00:10:06,390
ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ุชุดูˆููŠ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ canthus ูู‡ู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
110
00:10:06,390 --> 00:10:10,790
ุงูŠู‡ ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ ุงูˆ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ inaccurate
111
00:10:10,790 --> 00:10:14,530
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ measurement ุงูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ not
112
00:10:14,530 --> 00:10:17,890
entirely exact ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ู„ูŠุณุช ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
113
00:10:17,890 --> 00:10:23,240
ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉููŠ ุงู†ุง ุฌุจุชู„ูƒู… ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู„ู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุดุงูŠููŠู†
114
00:10:23,240 --> 00:10:26,620
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
115
00:10:26,620 --> 00:10:34,700
ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ุตู„ุจุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู„ sclera ู…ุจูŠู†ุฉ ู„ุฃ ู„ูŠุด ู„ุงู† ูƒู„
116
00:10:34,700 --> 00:10:39,080
ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ ุงูŠุด ุฏุฎูˆู„ ู„ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
117
00:10:39,080 --> 00:10:44,830
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ pseudoSudo ุงู„ู‡ูˆ ุงุจูŠ ูƒุงู†ุซุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู‡ูˆ ุณูˆุฏูˆ
118
00:10:44,830 --> 00:10:49,850
ุณูƒูˆูŠู†ุช ุงู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุจุธู‡ุฑ ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุญูˆู„ ู„ูƒู†
119
00:10:49,850 --> 00:10:53,810
ูŠู…ุง ุจุชู‚ุฏู… ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ุจุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠุด ุงูˆ
120
00:10:53,810 --> 00:10:58,590
ุจุชู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅุฒุงู„ุชู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ุทุจุนุง
121
00:10:58,590 --> 00:11:03,490
ุงู†ู‚ุฑุด further across the sclera ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ sclera ู…ุด
122
00:11:03,490 --> 00:11:08,350
ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉุงู†ู‡ ุจุชุฎุชููŠ ูƒู„ ู‡ูŠุชู‡ุง ูุงู†ุง ู…ุงุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงุญุฏ ุชุฌุฏูŠุด
123
00:11:08,350 --> 00:11:13,070
ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ IPD ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠู‡ ูŠุง
124
00:11:13,070 --> 00:11:20,830
ุณู…ูŠุฉุŸ Inaccurate measurement of ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ IPD ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
125
00:11:20,830 --> 00:11:26,350
ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ IPDูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุขู†
126
00:11:26,350 --> 00:11:29,910
ูŠู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุทูู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู€ pseudosquint ุฒูŠ ููŠ
127
00:11:29,910 --> 00:11:33,850
ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุนุจ ุงู†ุง ุงุนู…ู„ ุงูŠุดุŸ monocular PD
128
00:11:33,850 --> 00:11:41,610
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ุงู† ู‡ูŠุฏูŠู†ูŠ ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุงู† ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ PD ุบูŠุฑ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ
129
00:11:41,610 --> 00:11:45,850
ู„ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุง ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ู…ุตุทุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ manual
130
00:11:45,850 --> 00:11:46,650
rule
131
00:11:52,480 --> 00:11:57,400
steps in measuring the binocular distance BD ู‡ุฐู‡
132
00:11:57,400 --> 00:12:01,940
ู…ุฑุจุท ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุงุช ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ูŠุงุณ
133
00:12:01,940 --> 00:12:08,660
ุงู„ IBD ู„ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ binocular number one dispenser
134
00:12:08,660 --> 00:12:14,600
positions at 40 cm ุงู†ู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุน ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุฌุฏุงุด 40
135
00:12:14,600 --> 00:12:20,020
ุณุงู†ุชูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูˆ ุงู„ูุงุญุต ุงูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ 16
136
00:12:20,020 --> 00:12:25,770
ุงู†ุดOkay ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ุง
137
00:12:25,770 --> 00:12:30,350
ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุงู„ written scope okay ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
138
00:12:30,350 --> 00:12:36,950
Dispenser closes right eye ุฅุฐุง ู‡ูŠุบู„ู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนูŠู†
139
00:12:36,950 --> 00:12:45,590
ุงู„ูŠู…ู†ู‰ Subject fixes on dispensers left eye ุฅุฐุง
140
00:12:45,590 --> 00:12:50,950
ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูŠุซุจุช ู…ูŠู†ุŸุงู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ open eye ุฃูˆ
141
00:12:50,950 --> 00:12:57,390
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ left eye ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ dispenser lines up zero
142
00:12:57,390 --> 00:13:01,910
point ุงู„ุขู† ุงู†ุช ุจุฏูƒ ุชุญุท ุญูุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ zero
143
00:13:01,910 --> 00:13:08,170
ุนู„ู‰ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ center of a pupil okayุŸ on
144
00:13:08,170 --> 00:13:12,820
subjects right eye at the pupil centerLeft
145
00:13:12,820 --> 00:13:18,020
Pupillary Border ุฃูˆ Left Limbus ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุตุทุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ..
146
00:13:18,020 --> 00:13:22,660
ุงู„ุนููˆุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุตุทุฑุฉ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุญุทูŠู‡
147
00:13:22,660 --> 00:13:28,880
ุนู„ู‰ ุญูุฉ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠู…ุจุณ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ
148
00:13:28,880 --> 00:13:31,940
ุงู„ุญูุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญุทู‡ุง ุจุงู„ center ู„ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
149
00:13:31,940 --> 00:13:36,560
pupil ุงุณุชูˆุนุจูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุญูุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃูŠู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญุทู‡ุงุŸ
150
00:13:36,560 --> 00:13:43,510
ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุทุฑุงู ุงู„ู„ูŠู…ุจุณDispenser closes left eye, opens
151
00:13:43,510 --> 00:13:50,650
right eyeุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ูŠุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุนูƒุณุŒ ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูŠุณูƒุฑุŸ ุงูŠูˆุฉ ูˆ
152
00:13:50,650 --> 00:13:56,490
ู‡ูŠูุชุญ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ right eye Subject fixates right eyeุŒ
153
00:13:56,490 --> 00:14:02,450
ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู‡ูŠุซุจุช ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† Dispenser
154
00:14:02,450 --> 00:14:07,970
reads of scaleุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠู‚ุฑุฃ ู…ูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
155
00:14:07,970 --> 00:14:12,870
ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉdirectly aligned with left pupil center,
156
00:14:13,530 --> 00:14:16,350
left pupillary border or left limbus
157
00:14:24,620 --> 00:14:28,880
Dispenser encloses right eye of left subject
158
00:14:28,880 --> 00:14:31,720
fixate left eye ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
159
00:14:31,720 --> 00:14:36,260
verification ูƒูŠู ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุคูƒุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰
160
00:14:36,260 --> 00:14:41,040
ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุบู„ู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูŠู† ูˆ ู†ูุชุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„
161
00:14:42,870 --> 00:14:47,110
Dispenser checks to make sure zero point is still
162
00:14:47,110 --> 00:14:51,470
correct ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงุชุฃูƒุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ zero
163
00:14:51,470 --> 00:14:55,810
ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ center of a pupil ุนุดุงู† ุงู†ุง
164
00:14:55,810 --> 00:14:59,690
ุงู…ุดูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ
165
00:14:59,690 --> 00:15:08,310
ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ IBD ุงูŠุถุง
166
00:15:08,310 --> 00:15:14,080
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง common causes of errorsูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ
167
00:15:14,080 --> 00:15:20,860
ุงู„ุดุงุฆุนุฉ ู„ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฎุทุฃ There are several common
168
00:15:20,860 --> 00:15:27,300
causes of errors inherent in using a PD rule ูŠุนู†ูŠ
169
00:15:27,300 --> 00:15:31,120
ููŠ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฎุทุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู†
170
00:15:31,120 --> 00:15:36,360
ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุญุซ number one
171
00:15:37,320 --> 00:15:41,640
There will be an error in measurement if the
172
00:15:41,640 --> 00:15:47,940
measures BD differ or differs significantly from
173
00:15:47,940 --> 00:15:53,460
the subjects because the lines of sight are not
174
00:15:53,460 --> 00:15:59,120
parallel ุงู„ุขู† ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ุฃู†ุง ูƒ examiner ู†ูุชุฑุถ ูƒุงู†
175
00:15:59,120 --> 00:16:04,440
ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ IBD 70ูˆุงู„ patient ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ IBD ูƒุฏู‡ ุงูŠุดุŸ
176
00:16:04,440 --> 00:16:09,380
ุฎู…ุณูŠู†ุŒ ุงุฐุง ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ูˆุงุถุญ ุจู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ IBD ู…ุง
177
00:16:09,380 --> 00:16:12,380
ุจูŠู† ุงู„ examiner ูˆ ุงู„ patientุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰
178
00:16:12,380 --> 00:16:18,610
ุงู„ุฎุทุฃู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ face ู…ุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ face to faceุŒ
179
00:16:18,610 --> 00:16:21,790
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุขุฎุฑุŒ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุบู„ู‚ ุงู„ right
180
00:16:21,790 --> 00:16:26,350
eye ูˆ ุฃุทู„ุน ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนูƒุณุŒ ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†
181
00:16:26,350 --> 00:16:31,510
ููŠู‡ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฎุทุฃุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุทุจุนุงุŒ ู‚ุฏุงุด ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุทุฃ ู‡ุฐุง ุฑุจู…ุง
182
00:16:31,510 --> 00:16:36,070
ุชูƒูˆู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู„ูŠุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูƒุจูŠุฑุŒ
183
00:16:36,070 --> 00:16:39,910
okayุŸ ุจุณ ุฃูŠุถุง ุชุนุชุจุฑ ู…ู† ุถู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ errors
184
00:16:39,910 --> 00:16:50,720
ุงู„ุฃุฎุทุงุกู†ุงุฎุฏ ู‡ุงู† ู…ุซุงู„ if the measurer bd is 16 mm
185
00:16:50,720 --> 00:16:55,560
larger than the subjects ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ู…ุง
186
00:16:55,560 --> 00:17:00,700
ุจูŠู† ุงู„ IBD ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูˆ IBD ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ examiner ููŠ
187
00:17:00,700 --> 00:17:06,080
ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… 16 ู…ู„ูŠ the reading will be one
188
00:17:06,080 --> 00:17:10,740
millimeter too highูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ
189
00:17:10,740 --> 00:17:15,960
ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ู„ู„ IPD 1 ู…ู„ูŠู„ ุทูŠุจ ุฅูŠู‡ ุณุจุจู‡ุงุŸ ุงู„ู€
190
00:17:15,960 --> 00:17:21,500
Parallactic Error ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ visual axis ุฃูˆ
191
00:17:21,500 --> 00:17:26,480
ุงู„ angle of vision ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ patient
192
00:17:26,480 --> 00:17:31,080
I ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ main examiner I ู‡ุฐูŠ number one
193
00:17:34,530 --> 00:17:40,170
The above error will be increased if the BD rule
194
00:17:40,170 --> 00:17:46,990
is entitled on the subject's nose, so that the
195
00:17:46,990 --> 00:17:51,770
scale is in the most recessed area ู„ูˆ ููƒุฑูŠู† ููŠ
196
00:17:51,770 --> 00:17:58,770
ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู†
197
00:17:58,770 --> 00:18:03,550
ุงู„ู…ุตุทุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑูŠุญ ู…ูƒุงู† ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู‡ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุฃู†ุง
198
00:18:03,550 --> 00:18:08,730
ู…ุซู„ุง ุฑูˆุญุช ุญุทูŠุช ุงู„ู…ุตุทุฑุฉ ู…ุญุงุฐูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ bridge
199
00:18:08,730 --> 00:18:13,010
ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฎุทุฃุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุชุญุฑูƒุช ู…ุนูŠุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ูˆ
200
00:18:13,010 --> 00:18:16,770
ูƒู†ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ beginnerุŒ ุฃูŠุฏูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุฑุฌูุชุŒ ู‡ุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
201
00:18:16,770 --> 00:18:21,000
ู‡ูˆ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉู…ุณุชูˆุนุจูŠู† ู…ุนุงูŠุงุŸ
202
00:18:21,000 --> 00:18:24,560
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ error ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ scale
203
00:18:24,560 --> 00:18:30,920
ุทูŠุจ if the dispenser is too close to the subject
204
00:18:30,920 --> 00:18:35,300
ุงุญู†ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูˆ ุงู„ูุงุญุต
205
00:18:35,300 --> 00:18:39,880
ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุตุงู†ุทุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒุงู†ุช
206
00:18:39,880 --> 00:18:45,250
ุฃู‚ู„ ูƒุงู†ุช ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุตุงู†ุทุฉ ุงูˆ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุตุงู†ุทุฉ ู‡ุชุนู…ู„ ุฎุทุฃTwo
207
00:18:45,250 --> 00:18:51,970
clothes is closer than the normal 40 cm or 16 inch
208
00:18:51,970 --> 00:19:00,450
distance A significant error will be induced ุงุฐุง
209
00:19:00,450 --> 00:19:05,030
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎุทุฃ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงูŠุด ู…ุงู„ู‡ุŸ induced
210
00:19:05,030 --> 00:19:11,850
ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ู…ุคุซุฑ ู…ุชู‰ุŸ ุงุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุญูˆู„ ุงูŠ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†
211
00:19:11,850 --> 00:19:17,420
ุงู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุญูˆู„or if the subject doesn't fixate
212
00:19:17,420 --> 00:19:20,820
binocularly ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงุนู†ุฏู‡ูˆุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ binocular
213
00:19:20,820 --> 00:19:24,720
single vision ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุฏู… ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนู†ุชูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุคูŠุฉ
214
00:19:24,720 --> 00:19:29,680
ุจุงู„ูˆุถูˆุญ ููŠ ูˆู‚ุช ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ during the BD
215
00:19:29,680 --> 00:19:34,710
measurementุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฃูŠ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
216
00:19:34,710 --> 00:19:40,190
ุงู„ุญูˆู„ ุฃูˆ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
217
00:19:40,190 --> 00:19:44,490
ุจูˆุถูˆุญ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุนู†ุชูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุฃูˆ ุนุฏู…
218
00:19:44,490 --> 00:19:47,110
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุตุญุฉ ุจู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู€ IBD
219
00:19:50,010 --> 00:19:55,250
An error can result if the subject's head moves
220
00:19:55,250 --> 00:20:00,770
ุงู„ุงู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฎุทุงุก ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุซู†ุงุก ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุญุต ุฑุงุญ ู…ุซู„ุง
221
00:20:00,770 --> 00:20:05,530
ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุญุฑูƒ ุฑุงุณู‡ ูŠู…ูŠู† ุงูˆ ุดู…ุงู„ ุงูˆ ููˆู‚ ุงูˆ ุชุญุช ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„
222
00:20:05,530 --> 00:20:10,990
ุฎุทุฃ ููŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ ููŠ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸู…ู…ูƒู† an error can
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00:20:10,990 --> 00:20:15,170
result if the person measuring ุฃูˆ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„
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00:20:15,170 --> 00:20:20,010
examiner ุงู„ุดุฎุต ู†ูุณู‡ ุงู†ุง ุงู„ูุงุญุณ ุฑูˆุญุช ู…ุซู„ุง ุบูŠุฑุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
225
00:20:20,010 --> 00:20:24,510
ู‡ูˆ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุชุนุชูŠ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู„ูุช ูˆุฌู‡ูŠ ูŠู…ูŠู† ุงูˆ
226
00:20:24,510 --> 00:20:29,750
ุดู…ุงู„ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„ ุฎุทุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ an error will
227
00:20:29,750 --> 00:20:34,810
result if the person measuring doesn't close or
228
00:20:34,810 --> 00:20:40,320
include one eyeุงู„ุงู† ูˆุงู†ุช ุจุชูุญุตูŠ ู†ูุชุฑุถ ุงู† ุงู„ูุงุญุต
229
00:20:40,320 --> 00:20:45,980
ู…ุบุทุงุด ุนูŠู† ุชู…ุงู… ุงุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ูุญุต ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงู† ู…ุด ุงู†ุง ู„ุงุฒู…
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00:20:45,980 --> 00:20:50,900
ุงูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุนู…ู„ close for ุงู„ู‡ูˆ one eye ูˆ ุงุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู‡ูˆ
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00:20:50,900 --> 00:20:54,820
open for another eye ุงู„ุงู† ู…ุงุนู…ู„ุชุด ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฑูˆุญุช
232
00:20:54,820 --> 00:20:58,660
ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุญุทูŠุช ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุชูŠู† ู…ูุชูˆุญุงุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุถุง
233
00:20:58,660 --> 00:21:05,250
ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงูŠุด ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฎุทุฃ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู‡ูˆ ุงูˆ ููŠ ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุงู„ูุญุตAt a
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00:21:05,250 --> 00:21:11,610
time to ensure sighting from directly in front of
235
00:21:11,610 --> 00:21:15,810
the subject's eye under observation ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠุถู…ู† ุฃู†
236
00:21:15,810 --> 00:21:24,110
ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุฃู…ุงู… ุงู„ุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนูŠู†
237
00:21:24,110 --> 00:21:31,790
ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุชู… ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุญุตThe subject may not
238
00:21:31,790 --> 00:21:36,530
look directly at the major's pupil ุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุนู…ู„ุช
239
00:21:36,530 --> 00:21:41,150
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุญุต ูˆูƒู†ุช straight ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงุซู†ุงุก
240
00:21:41,150 --> 00:21:45,590
ุงู„ูุญุต ู…ุงูƒู†ุด ุจุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูˆ ู…ุซู„ุง
241
00:21:45,590 --> 00:21:50,410
ุงู„ attention ุจุชุงุนู‡ ู„ููˆู‚ ุงูˆ ู„ุชุญุช okay during the
242
00:21:50,410 --> 00:21:54,690
test which will result in an error ุงูŠุถุง ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„
243
00:21:54,690 --> 00:21:58,510
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฎุทุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุฉ
244
00:22:03,370 --> 00:22:10,190
ู†ุนูˆุฏ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู€ monocular BD ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ monocular IBD
245
00:22:10,190 --> 00:22:17,990
since faces are not always symmetrical ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
246
00:22:17,990 --> 00:22:24,130
ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ุด ู…ุชู…ุงุซู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
247
00:22:24,130 --> 00:22:28,730
ู‡ู†ุง ุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุชู…ุงุซู„ ุชู…ุงู… ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุช
248
00:22:28,730 --> 00:22:34,180
ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ two eyesIt's often necessary to
249
00:22:34,180 --> 00:22:40,500
specify the BD for each I independently ูุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ
250
00:22:40,500 --> 00:22:45,040
ุฃูˆ ุจุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ุชู…ุงุซู„ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู†ุง ุงุนู…ู„ ู‚ูŠุงุณ
251
00:22:45,040 --> 00:22:50,220
ู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ BD ู„ูƒู„ ุนูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ independently ุฃูŠ
252
00:22:50,220 --> 00:22:56,660
ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู
253
00:22:56,660 --> 00:23:03,640
ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ in taking ููŠ ุฃุฎุฏ ุงู„ BDis to eventually
254
00:23:03,640 --> 00:23:08,920
place the optical centers of the lenses ุฅุฐู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
255
00:23:08,920 --> 00:23:14,000
ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃุฎุฏ ุงู„ู€ monocular BD ุฅู† ุฃุตู„ ููŠ
256
00:23:14,000 --> 00:23:18,320
ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุฉ ุฅู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ pupil ุฃูˆ ุงู„ center of
257
00:23:18,320 --> 00:23:23,100
pupil ุฌุงูŠ ููŠ ู…ู†ุชุตู ู…ู† ุงู„ optical center of a lensุŒ
258
00:23:23,100 --> 00:23:26,620
ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ Directly
259
00:23:28,400 --> 00:23:33,860
in front of the subject's eyes ุทุจ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู‡ุฏูุŸ to
260
00:23:33,860 --> 00:23:39,500
prevent any undesired prismatic effect ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุชู‰
261
00:23:39,500 --> 00:23:45,760
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุชู… ู…ู†ุน ุฃูˆ ุชุฌู†ุจ ุฃูŠ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฑุบูˆู ููŠู‡
262
00:23:48,790 --> 00:23:55,010
ุฅุฐุง ู‚ู…ุช ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุนูŠูˆู† ุจุฅู‚ู„ุงุฌ ู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ู„ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ
263
00:23:55,010 --> 00:24:02,070
ุดุฎุตูŠุฉุŒ ูุฅู† ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ูˆ ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ุนูŠูˆู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠู‡
264
00:24:02,070 --> 00:24:05,770
ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ ู…ูƒุงู† ูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ููŠ
265
00:24:05,770 --> 00:24:14,570
ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉุŒ ู„ู† ุชุชุฌู‡ ู…ู† ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ุนูŠูˆู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ ู…ูƒุงู†
266
00:24:14,610 --> 00:24:19,470
ุงู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ุญุทูŠุช ุงู„ู…ุณุทุฑุฉ ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฑูŠุญุฉ
267
00:24:19,470 --> 00:24:24,470
ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุนู…ู„ู‡ binocular
268
00:24:24,470 --> 00:24:29,550
BD ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู†ุธุฑู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุบูŠุฑ ุณู„ูŠู…ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงุฎุฑ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†
269
00:24:29,550 --> 00:24:34,650
ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู†ู‡ ุงุฒุงุญุฉ ู„ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุŒ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช ู„ู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุงูˆ
270
00:24:34,650 --> 00:24:39,530
ู„ู„ุดู…ุงู„ุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠุฃุซุฑ ููŠ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ูุญุต ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
271
00:24:39,530 --> 00:24:44,750
ูุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณู„ู… ูˆุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ ูˆุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุตุญ ุงู†ู‡
272
00:24:44,750 --> 00:24:49,160
ุงุนู…ู„ ุงูŠุดุŸ binocular BD ู„ูƒู„ ุนูŠู†ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุนู…ู„
273
00:24:49,160 --> 00:24:53,240
fixation ู„ู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ุงูˆู„ู‰ ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงุนู…ู„ fixation ู„ู„ุนูŠู†
274
00:24:53,240 --> 00:24:57,560
ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ monocular ุจุฏูŠ ู„ ุงู„
275
00:24:57,560 --> 00:25:04,260
both eyesู‡ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุตุทุฑุฉ
276
00:25:04,260 --> 00:25:10,120
ุชู…ุงู… ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ IPD ู‚ูŠู…ุชู‡ุง ุฌุฏุงุด 64 ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ
277
00:25:10,120 --> 00:25:15,380
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง symmetrical ุชู…ุงุซู„ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุงู† 32 32 ุญุชู‰ ุงู†ุชูˆุง
278
00:25:15,380 --> 00:25:18,680
ุนู†ุฏูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ trial frame ุงู„ุขู† ูŠู…ุง ุงู†ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏ
279
00:25:18,680 --> 00:25:22,760
ู…ุซู„ุง ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ Autoref kratometer ุงูˆ ุฌุณุฏู‡
280
00:25:22,760 --> 00:25:27,740
ุจุงู„ู…ุตุทุฑุฉ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ IPD 64 ุงูŠุด ุจุนู…ู„ ุจุญุท ู…ู† ู‡ุงู† ู…ุซู„ุง
281
00:25:27,740 --> 00:25:32,620
32 ูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ุงู† 32ูุจุชูƒูˆู† ู„ุงู„ right ูˆ ู„ู„ left ุจุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
282
00:25:32,620 --> 00:25:36,760
ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠู‡ separate ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู†ูุตู„ ู…ุง ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…
283
00:25:41,120 --> 00:25:45,680
The error ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ is not too serious if the
284
00:25:45,680 --> 00:25:50,760
lenses are of the same power ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุนูŠู†
285
00:25:50,760 --> 00:25:56,320
ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† minus 3 ูˆุงู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ minus 3 ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุบูŠุฑ
286
00:25:56,320 --> 00:26:02,220
ู…ุคุซุฑ ุฃูˆ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ serious ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ูุนุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุบูŠุฑ
287
00:26:02,220 --> 00:26:04,160
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุญุงุฏุซ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ
288
00:26:07,470 --> 00:26:11,650
and are not strong ุฃูˆ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุงูŠูƒูˆู†ุด ุนู†ุฏู‡
289
00:26:11,650 --> 00:26:14,410
ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ high refractive error ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงูŠูƒูˆู†ุด ููŠู‡ ุนูŠู†
290
00:26:14,410 --> 00:26:18,970
ุนู†ุฏู‡ minus ุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง minus ุงุชู†ุงุด okay
291
00:26:18,970 --> 00:26:26,470
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ high refractive error if however one lens
292
00:26:26,470 --> 00:26:31,410
is very different from the otherOkay the center
293
00:26:31,410 --> 00:26:36,270
must be placed accurately to prevent unwanted
294
00:26:36,270 --> 00:26:40,370
binocular aprismatic effects ู†ูุชุฑุถ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ
295
00:26:40,370 --> 00:26:45,270
ุนู†ุฏู‡ anisometropia ุฅูŠุด ู…ุงู†ุนุช anisometropia ูŠุง
296
00:26:45,270 --> 00:26:45,830
ุฑุดุงุฏุŸ
297
00:26:49,550 --> 00:26:53,770
ู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู† ููŠ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
298
00:26:53,770 --> 00:26:58,550
both eyes ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุซู„ุง ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงุฑุจุน ู‡ุงู†
299
00:26:58,550 --> 00:27:03,130
ุจูŠุญูƒูŠู„ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ BD ุชูƒูˆู† very accurate ู„ุงู†
300
00:27:03,130 --> 00:27:08,090
ุงูŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠู‚ุฏู‡ุŸู„ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
301
00:27:08,090 --> 00:27:12,030
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง unwanted binocular aprismatic effects ุงู„ู„ูŠ
302
00:27:12,030 --> 00:27:16,930
ู‡ูˆ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑูŠ ุฃูˆ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉุŒ ุนุฏู… ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนู†ุชูŠู†
303
00:27:16,930 --> 00:27:23,350
ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุจูˆุถูˆุญ at the same time ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ monocular PD
304
00:27:23,350 --> 00:27:28,590
are also important when using aspheric lenses or
305
00:27:28,590 --> 00:27:34,450
high index lenses included polycarbonate lensesููŠู‡
306
00:27:34,450 --> 00:27:38,630
ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุนุฏุณุงุช ุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู€ high index material
307
00:27:38,630 --> 00:27:42,930
ุฃูˆ ู…ุซู„ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ polycarbonate ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†
308
00:27:42,930 --> 00:27:47,210
ุงู„ุนุฏุณุงุช ููŠู‡ุง ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ chromatic aberration ุฃูˆ
309
00:27:47,210 --> 00:27:51,230
ุงู„ spherical aberration ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุงุŸ
310
00:27:51,230 --> 00:27:53,350
ุงูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงุช ุงู„ chromatic aberration ุงูˆ ุงู„ spherical
311
00:27:53,350 --> 00:27:57,670
aberrationุŸูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูŠู…ุง ุจุชุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ center
312
00:27:57,670 --> 00:28:01,650
ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฑุคูŠุฉ ูˆุงุถุญุŒ ูŠู…ุง ุจุชุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ peripheral
313
00:28:01,650 --> 00:28:06,200
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ููŠู‡ distortionูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง
314
00:28:06,200 --> 00:28:10,500
ุงู„ู€ spherical aberration ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุจุงู„ู„ูŠ
315
00:28:10,500 --> 00:28:16,740
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ chromatic aberration ู‡ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุถุงูŠู ุฃูŠุถุงุŒ high
316
00:28:16,740 --> 00:28:21,520
index lenses have more chromatic aberration ูˆุถูŠูู‡
317
00:28:21,520 --> 00:28:25,660
ูƒู…ุงู† spherical aberration than crown glasses or
318
00:28:25,660 --> 00:28:35,840
regular CR 39 plastic lensesุงู„ู€ Negative effect of
319
00:28:35,840 --> 00:28:40,440
achromatic aberration or spherical aberration on
320
00:28:40,440 --> 00:28:46,120
vision is increased if the eye is not looking
321
00:28:46,120 --> 00:28:49,040
through the optical center of the lens
322
00:29:10,150 --> 00:29:18,010
ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู€ procedure ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูŠูƒ for measuring
323
00:29:18,010 --> 00:29:25,510
monocular BD using a ruler ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
324
00:29:25,510 --> 00:29:32,240
ุจุชุชู… ุงุฌุฑุงุกู‡ุง ู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ monocular BDMonocular
325
00:29:32,240 --> 00:29:39,100
PD are taken by measuring from the center of the
326
00:29:39,100 --> 00:29:43,240
nose to the center of the pupil ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ center
327
00:29:43,240 --> 00:29:47,820
of the nose ุชู…ุงู… ู„ู„ center ู„ู„ pupil ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ูƒู„
328
00:29:47,820 --> 00:29:49,000
ุนูŠู† ุชุงุฎุฏูŠู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏุฉ
329
00:30:16,380 --> 00:30:25,140
ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ูŠุต ู…ูŠู†ุŸุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ IBD ู„ู„ุจูŠู†ูˆูƒูŠู„ุฑ
330
00:30:25,140 --> 00:30:29,960
ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุด ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†
331
00:30:29,960 --> 00:30:34,560
ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุนู†ุฏู‡ astrabismic I ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงูŠุดุŸ
332
00:30:34,560 --> 00:30:38,920
false ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ reading ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ู„ูˆ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ
333
00:30:38,920 --> 00:30:45,930
ุนู†ุฏู‡Loss of fixation ููŠ one eye ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
334
00:30:45,930 --> 00:30:50,770
ุงูŠุดุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ false reading ูƒู‚ูŠู…ุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุด ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงู†ู‡
335
00:30:50,770 --> 00:30:55,970
ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŒ ู„ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ IPD ู„ู„ both eyes ุฃูˆ
336
00:30:55,970 --> 00:31:01,630
ุงู„ binocular IBD Use the center of the pupil as
337
00:31:01,630 --> 00:31:04,590
the reference pointุŒ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงู„ reference point
338
00:31:04,590 --> 00:31:09,260
ุจุชุงุนุชู‰ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ pupilุณูˆุงุก ู„ูˆ
339
00:31:09,260 --> 00:31:13,880
ุงู„ู€ right ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ left eye before moving the ruler
340
00:31:13,880 --> 00:31:19,320
note the scale reading on the ruler at the center
341
00:31:19,320 --> 00:31:24,400
of the nose ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ู…ุณูƒุฑุฉ ู„ุงุฒู…
342
00:31:24,400 --> 00:31:28,780
ุงู„ุงุญุธ ุงู† ุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุฌ ุชุงุญู‡ ูˆูŠู† ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
343
00:31:28,780 --> 00:31:35,960
nose ุทุจุนุง ุงู†ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ู‡ู†ุง ุงูŠู‡ ู…ูˆู†ูˆูƒูŠู„ุฑ ุจูŠ ุฏูŠThis is
344
00:31:35,960 --> 00:31:40,080
the right monocular PD ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
345
00:31:40,080 --> 00:31:45,020
exact ุงูˆ ุงู„ accurate PD measurement ุงูŠุถุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„
346
00:31:45,020 --> 00:31:49,600
ุงูŠู‡ ุณุจุชุฑุงูƒุช ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุทุฑุญ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุญุตู„ู†ุง
347
00:31:49,600 --> 00:31:54,300
ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุฌูŠุจ ู…ุซุงู„ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ IBD
348
00:31:54,300 --> 00:32:02,680
ูƒุจูŠู†ูˆูƒูŠู„ุฑ ู…ุซู„ุง ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ุณุชูŠู† ู…ู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ both I ุงูˆ
349
00:32:02,680 --> 00:32:07,960
binocular Iูˆุงู„ุงู† ุนู…ู„ู†ุง monocular ุชู…ุงู… ู„ู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†
350
00:32:07,960 --> 00:32:15,660
ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู†ู‡ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ IBD ู„ู„ู…ูˆู†ูˆูƒูŠู„ุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู†
351
00:32:15,660 --> 00:32:22,660
ู…ูŠู„ูŠ ู„ู„ right eye ูƒุฏุด ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ left ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ
352
00:32:22,660 --> 00:32:29,660
ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุงุฐุง ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ูŠ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ
353
00:32:29,660 --> 00:32:34,950
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ IBD ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ left eye ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉุฅุฐุง
354
00:32:34,950 --> 00:32:38,750
ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู€ IBD ู„ู„ู€ left eye ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
355
00:32:38,750 --> 00:32:45,850
ูˆุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ู…ู„ูŠ ู…ุชุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
356
00:32:45,850 --> 00:32:51,490
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุทุฑุญ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ IBD ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุงู„ binocular
357
00:32:51,490 --> 00:32:56,510
ู„ู„ both eyes ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุชุฑุญู‰ ู…ู† ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ IBD
358
00:32:56,510 --> 00:32:59,530
ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุชู… ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ู† one eye
359
00:33:02,540 --> 00:33:08,920
ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง example the binocular bd is sixty six
360
00:33:08,920 --> 00:33:13,980
the scale reading at the center of the nose is
361
00:33:13,980 --> 00:33:18,000
thirty two ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู…ุง ู„ู„ right ุงูˆ ู„ู„ left or
362
00:33:18,000 --> 00:33:24,140
what everุงู„ู€ Monocular BD ู„ู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ุขูŠุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ูˆ32
363
00:33:45,860 --> 00:33:49,380
ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุงู† ูู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ
364
00:33:49,380 --> 00:33:54,420
ุณูˆูŠุง ุชู…ุงู… ุจุชุดู…ู„
365
00:33:54,420 --> 00:34:01,060
ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุงูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„
366
00:34:01,060 --> 00:34:07,040
ุงู„ุงูˆู„ the distance between lenses ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู…ุณู…ู‰
367
00:34:07,040 --> 00:34:12,200
ุงู„ุชุงู†ู‰ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ another name ุงู„
368
00:34:12,200 --> 00:34:16,540
distance between lensesู…ู…ุชุงุฒุฉ ุงู„ frame PD ุงูˆ ุงู„
369
00:34:16,540 --> 00:34:21,960
geometric center lenses ุตุญ ุงูˆ ุงู„ bridge size ุงูŠุด
370
00:34:21,960 --> 00:34:27,820
ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ bridge sizeุŸ ุงูŠูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ northwest area
371
00:34:27,820 --> 00:34:32,500
ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ two lenses it's the distance between the
372
00:34:32,500 --> 00:34:39,160
two boxes when both lenses in a frame are boxed
373
00:34:39,160 --> 00:34:44,980
offIt measured from the inside diesel highway
374
00:34:44,980 --> 00:34:50,180
grooves across the bridge at ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ูˆ ุจุฏู‡
375
00:34:50,180 --> 00:34:55,580
ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‚ุฏุงุด ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ bridge size ุงูˆ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ
376
00:34:55,580 --> 00:34:59,940
ู…ูู‡ูˆู… ุงู„ bridge size ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุŸ
377
00:35:02,610 --> 00:35:06,930
ุฅู† ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ ุชุนุชุจุฑ ุงู„ highest point of the bridge ูˆู„ุง
378
00:35:06,930 --> 00:35:11,150
ุงู„ horizontal midline ุฃูˆ ุงู„ datum ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ line of
379
00:35:11,150 --> 00:35:16,410
the frame ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ norwest point of the bridge ูˆู„ุง
380
00:35:16,410 --> 00:35:20,230
ุงู„ geometric center or boxing center line of the
381
00:35:20,230 --> 00:35:26,310
frameู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ point of the bridge
382
00:35:26,310 --> 00:35:29,490
ุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงู„ู†ุถุงุฑุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุจู…ุณูƒู‡ุง ุจุฏูŠ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ bridge
383
00:35:29,490 --> 00:35:33,930
size ู‡ูŠ ุงุถูŠู‚ ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุชุญุช ุงู„ bridge ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุง ู…ู†
384
00:35:33,930 --> 00:35:38,510
ุญูุชู‡ุง ู„ู„ุญูุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ุชุนุชุจุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ C ู‡ุฐู‡
385
00:35:38,510 --> 00:35:46,690
ุจุชู…ุซู„ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ bridge size ุชู…ุงู… ุญุฏู‘ูŠูƒู…
386
00:35:46,690 --> 00:35:52,280
ุงูŠุงู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ geometric center
387
00:35:52,280 --> 00:35:58,040
distance of a frame can also be termed of the
388
00:35:58,040 --> 00:36:03,520
following except ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุณู…ุงุก ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
389
00:36:03,520 --> 00:36:07,400
ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ู€ geometric center distance ู…ุน ุฏู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
390
00:36:07,400 --> 00:36:12,160
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง a frame center distance distance between
391
00:36:12,160 --> 00:36:17,520
center a frame bd or a frame differenceุฅุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ุฏูŠ
392
00:36:17,520 --> 00:36:23,880
frame difference ู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช a
393
00:36:23,880 --> 00:36:31,420
frame has the following manufacturers marking ุงู‡
394
00:36:31,420 --> 00:36:35,760
ุจุณ ู‡ูˆ ููŠู‡ ู„ู‡ ุชูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู†ู‡ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญุณุจ ู‚ุฏุงุด ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ
395
00:36:35,760 --> 00:36:41,640
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ IBD ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒ ุงู†ู‡
396
00:36:41,640 --> 00:36:51,100
ุงุทุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ู…ุซู„ุง ุฎู…ุณุฉ
397
00:36:51,100 --> 00:36:58,180
ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุชู…ุงู… ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุฏู‡ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„
398
00:36:58,180 --> 00:37:03,220
frame ุจูŠ ุฏูŠ ู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู†
399
00:37:03,220 --> 00:37:08,140
ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุณุชูŠู† ุงุณุชูˆุนุจูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
400
00:37:08,140 --> 00:37:15,240
frame ุจูŠ ุฏูŠุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุณุชูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงุฎุฑ
401
00:37:15,240 --> 00:37:18,980
ุงู†ู‡ ุงู†ุง ุฌู…ุนุช ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ bridge size ู…ุน ุงู„ a dimension
402
00:37:25,420 --> 00:37:29,680
ุทูŠุจ the overall length ุฅุฐุง ู…ุฏุงู† ุจุชูƒู„ู… overall
403
00:37:29,680 --> 00:37:34,520
length of the temple ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„
404
00:37:34,520 --> 00:37:39,340
total ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ู… ุงู„ bend ุฃูˆ ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
405
00:37:39,340 --> 00:37:44,660
ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† over the ear the overall length
406
00:37:44,660 --> 00:37:49,700
of a spectacle frame temple is measured between
407
00:37:49,700 --> 00:37:55,670
the posterior of the temple and endback surface of
408
00:37:55,670 --> 00:38:00,810
the frame front ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ bottom of the temple ูˆู„ุง ุงู„
409
00:38:00,810 --> 00:38:04,850
in piece of the frame front ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ center of the
410
00:38:04,850 --> 00:38:11,440
screw holeุฏู‰ ู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ center of the screw
411
00:38:11,440 --> 00:38:15,260
hole ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ูŠู…ุง ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงู‚ูŠุต ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ total
412
00:38:15,260 --> 00:38:19,540
ุงูˆ ุงู„ overall timber length ุจุงุฌูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ center ุงู„ู„ู‰
413
00:38:19,540 --> 00:38:25,160
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ screw ู„ุญุฏู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูŠู† ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ bend
414
00:38:25,160 --> 00:38:30,580
okay the
415
00:38:30,580 --> 00:38:35,640
optical center of an ophthalmic lens ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู…
416
00:38:35,640 --> 00:38:37,240
ุงูŠุด optical center
417
00:38:50,590 --> 00:38:57,390
ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุฌูŠูˆู…ุชุฑูŠูƒุณูŠู†ุชุฑ of the frames
418
00:38:57,390 --> 00:39:02,610
eyewire ูˆู„ุง that has no prismatic effect ูˆู„ุง that
419
00:39:02,610 --> 00:39:05,830
has the desired diopteric power
420
00:39:08,710 --> 00:39:13,290
C ู„ูŠุด ุงู†ู‡ that lines up with the patient view ุจู„
421
00:39:13,290 --> 00:39:17,610
ู„ุฃ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุด ุงุนู„ู‰ ู‡ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุญุงุฐูŠุฉ ุทุจ ู‡ู†ู‚ุน ุงูŠุด ู‚ุงู„
422
00:39:17,610 --> 00:39:21,230
ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ Corresponds ุงูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ู„ู„ geometric
423
00:39:21,230 --> 00:39:25,730
center ู„ุฃ 100% ู…ุด ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุชุจู‚ูŠู† ู„ู„
424
00:39:25,730 --> 00:39:28,930
geometric ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ geometric center ู…ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูŠู†
425
00:39:28,930 --> 00:39:32,850
ู…ุน ุงู„ boxing ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ system ุงุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
426
00:39:32,850 --> 00:39:36,830
ู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงูŠ ุชุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑูŠ ุงุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ุชุนุชุจุฑ C
427
00:39:40,450 --> 00:39:46,890
ุทูŠุจ ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุณุชุฉ an easy way ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุจุณุทุฉ
428
00:39:46,890 --> 00:39:52,090
ุฃูˆ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ู„ุญุณุงุจ ุงู„ distance between center ุงูˆ
429
00:39:52,090 --> 00:39:56,110
ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงูŠุด ุงู„ geometric center distance ุงูˆ ุงู„
430
00:39:56,110 --> 00:40:01,250
frame BD ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ frame BD of a given frame is to add
431
00:40:01,250 --> 00:40:07,220
a dimension or I size to the B dimensionุงู„ู€ C
432
00:40:07,220 --> 00:40:11,420
dimension, the distance between lenses or bridge
433
00:40:11,420 --> 00:40:16,600
size ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฏูŠุงู…ุชุฑ ุงู„ุฃููƒุชุฑ ู‡ูˆ ูƒุฏู‡ ูƒุชุจุช ู„ูƒู… ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ุงู„
434
00:40:16,600 --> 00:40:19,880
A dimension ู…ุน ุงู„ bridge ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ size ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
435
00:40:19,880 --> 00:40:26,020
ุฃูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ C ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ุฏูŠูƒู… ุฅูŠุงู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ูŠุนุทูŠูƒู…
436
00:40:26,020 --> 00:40:26,540
ุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ