abdullah's picture
Add files using upload-large-folder tool
302726c verified
raw
history blame
32.2 kB
1
00:00:00,720 --> 00:00:06,100
ุงุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู† ูˆุงุตู„ูŠ
2
00:00:06,100 --> 00:00:12,800
ูˆุงุณู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุฌูˆุฒ ุฑุญู…ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู† ุจู†ุงุชูŠ ููŠุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
3
00:00:12,800 --> 00:00:17,060
ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุงุนูˆุฏูˆุง ุงู„ูŠูƒู… ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ุงู„ุชุงุณุนุฉ ููŠ
4
00:00:17,060 --> 00:00:20,780
ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุณุงุจู‚ ุดูŠุก ูˆุงุณุฃู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนุฒ ูˆุฌู„ ุงู† ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู‚ุฏ
5
00:00:20,780 --> 00:00:24,600
ุฃุชู…ู…ุชู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชู…ุงุน ุงู„ูŠู‡ุง
6
00:00:24,600 --> 00:00:28,620
ูˆุชู„ุฎูŠุตู‡ุง ูˆู†ุญู† ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู†ูˆุงุตู„ ู…ุนูƒู… ูˆุฑุจู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู…
7
00:00:28,620 --> 00:00:35,140
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนู…ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุฌุชู…ุงุน ู…ุตูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ meet ูˆูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุฌูŠุจ
8
00:00:35,140 --> 00:00:40,910
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ุงู† ุชุณุฃู„ูˆู‡ุงููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
9
00:00:40,910 --> 00:00:46,930
ุณูˆู ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุงุช
10
00:00:46,930 --> 00:00:52,810
ุงู„ุญูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุนู…ู„ ุถุฏ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
11
00:00:52,810 --> 00:00:59,490
antimicrobial agents antim ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุถุฏ microbial ูŠุนู†ูŠ
12
00:00:59,490 --> 00:01:03,490
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ micro organisms ูˆ agents ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„
13
00:01:03,490 --> 00:01:09,320
ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุนู…ู„ ุถุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆ ุถุฏุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
14
00:01:09,320 --> 00:01:14,300
ุงู„ูƒุงุฆู†ุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุงุณู…ูŠู†
15
00:01:14,300 --> 00:01:19,840
ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุฅู„ู‰ Antibiotics ูˆ Chemotherapeutics ุงูŠู‡
16
00:01:19,840 --> 00:01:24,820
ุดู…ุนุงุช antibiotic ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุถุงุฏ ุญูŠูˆูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„
17
00:01:24,820 --> 00:01:27,760
Antimicrobial ู…ุถุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„
18
00:01:27,760 --> 00:01:32,980
antibiotic ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุถุงุฏ ุญูŠูˆูŠ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠู‡ุฐุง ู„ูุธ
19
00:01:32,980 --> 00:01:38,020
ู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูุฑูƒู‘ุจุงุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ not surely
20
00:01:38,020 --> 00:01:42,600
present ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู…ุง ุฏูŠ
21
00:01:42,600 --> 00:01:46,740
ุงุตู„ุงุญู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุจู†ุณุงู„ูŠู† ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ุจู†ุณุงู„ูŠู† ุฅูุฑุงุฒุงุช ูุทุฑูŠุฉ
22
00:01:46,740 --> 00:01:51,020
ุถุฏ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌู…ุนูˆู‡ุง ูˆAlexander Fleming ุณู†ุฉ 1927
23
00:01:51,020 --> 00:01:56,500
ุทู„ุจ ุฃูˆู„ ุงูƒุชุดุงู ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠ ุงู„ penicillin ูุฌุงู„
24
00:01:56,500 --> 00:02:00,460
antibioticูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ antibiotics ุจูŠุตู…ุญุงุด ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†
25
00:02:00,460 --> 00:02:04,880
naturally present ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ูˆ ุจุชุดุชุบู„
26
00:02:04,880 --> 00:02:10,440
ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจูŠุง antimicrobial agents ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุณุจุญุงู† ุงู„ู„ู‡
27
00:02:10,440 --> 00:02:18,480
ุฒูŠ ุณู… ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ ุถุฏ ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ุชูุฑุฒ
28
00:02:18,480 --> 00:02:25,480
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุถุงุฏ ุญูŠูˆูŠ ุถุฏ ู…ุซู„ุง ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชู…ูˆุช ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
29
00:02:25,850 --> 00:02:30,890
ุฃุฎุฐูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูˆุตุงุฑ ูŠุนุทูŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุถุฏ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
30
00:02:30,890 --> 00:02:35,550
ูˆุตุงุฑ Antibiotic ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูˆ can
31
00:02:35,550 --> 00:02:40,850
destroy ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠู‚ุชู„ ุฃูˆ inhibit the growth ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰
32
00:02:40,850 --> 00:02:45,890
ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ูŠู…ู†ุน ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ micro organisms ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
33
00:02:45,890 --> 00:02:49,810
ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุจู†ุณุงู„ูŠู† ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ุชุชุฑุง ุณุงูƒุฑูŠู†
34
00:02:49,810 --> 00:02:54,370
ุฏุฑุงู…ุงูŠุณูŠู† ูู„ูˆูƒุณูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุณุชุฑูŠุจุชู…ุงูŠุณูŠู† ูˆูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู…ุถุงุฏุงุช
35
00:02:54,370 --> 00:02:58,850
ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุณุงุฏุฑูŠุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุถุงุฏุงุช ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ
36
00:02:58,850 --> 00:03:02,670
ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ chemotherapeutic ู„ุฃ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุญุถุฑ ููŠ
37
00:03:02,670 --> 00:03:06,310
ุงู„ู…ุนุงู…ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู‚ูˆู„ ู…ู† ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†
38
00:03:06,310 --> 00:03:10,070
chemotherapeutic ุบูŠุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ูŠ
39
00:03:10,070 --> 00:03:14,670
chemicals ู…ูˆุงุฏ ูƒูŠู…ูŠู†ูŠุฉ produced artificially ูŠุนู†ูŠ
40
00:03:14,670 --> 00:03:22,400
ุตู†ุงุนูŠุง ูˆูŠู„ู‡ุง ุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุชู‚ุชู„ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจูŠุงุช ุฒูŠ
41
00:03:22,400 --> 00:03:28,260
ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุตู„ูุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุงู„ุตู„ูุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุตู†ุงุนูŠุฉ
42
00:03:28,260 --> 00:03:31,320
ูˆุงู†ุชูŠ ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจูŠุง ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู„ูุฉ ุงุญู†ุง
43
00:03:31,320 --> 00:03:36,480
ู…ุตู†ุนู‡ุง ูˆุดูŠุก ุงุณู…ู‡ ู†ุงู„ูŠุฏูƒุณูƒ ุงุณุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
44
00:03:36,480 --> 00:03:43,480
ู„ูƒู† ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู‡ ุจุณ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง
45
00:03:43,480 --> 00:03:47,500
ุงู„ุตู„ูุฉ ูˆู†ุงู„ูŠุฏูƒุณูƒ ุงุณุฏ ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ู…ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰
46
00:03:47,500 --> 00:03:52,100
ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุนู…ูˆู…ุง ุณูˆุงุก ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ micro organisms ุฃูˆ
47
00:03:52,100 --> 00:03:55,460
ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุงูŠุดุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง
48
00:03:55,460 --> 00:03:59,240
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุฆุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูˆุงุฒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
49
00:03:59,240 --> 00:04:04,780
ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุนุทูŠ ุงู„ุตู„ูุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู…ุชูˆู‚ุน
50
00:04:04,780 --> 00:04:12,800
ุงู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุชุนู…ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆ ู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
51
00:04:12,800 --> 00:04:16,350
ุงู„ุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงู‡ู†ุง
52
00:04:16,350 --> 00:04:24,330
ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู…ูƒุงู† ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุงู† ู†ุฌู‘ู‡ ุงู„ู€ Chemotherapy ุงู„ู„ูŠ
53
00:04:24,330 --> 00:04:28,810
ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู‚ู„ ุถุฑุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูŠุฉ Selective
54
00:04:28,810 --> 00:04:34,450
toxicity ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุณู…ูŠุฉ ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑูŠุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุถุฏ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช
55
00:04:34,450 --> 00:04:42,410
ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุนุงู‡ู„ HarmlessูŠุนู†ูŠ ุบูŠุฑ
56
00:04:42,410 --> 00:04:46,970
ุถุงุฑุฉ ุจุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ู…ูŠุฉ ู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู†
57
00:04:46,970 --> 00:04:51,570
ู†ุณุจุชู‡ ุฌู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู…ุงู† ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„
58
00:04:51,570 --> 00:04:57,070
antibiotics ูˆ ุงู„ chemotherapists ุงู„ุชู‚ุณูŠู… ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„
59
00:04:57,070 --> 00:05:03,570
antimicrobial ุญุงุจูŠู† ุฌุณู…ู‡ุง ุฌุณู…ูŠู† ู‚ุณู… ูˆุงุณุน ุงู„ุทูŠู
60
00:05:03,570 --> 00:05:08,770
broad spectrum ูˆ ู‚ุณู… ุถูŠู‚ ุงู„ุทูŠูู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†
61
00:05:08,770 --> 00:05:15,590
ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุฑูŠุถ ูˆูˆุงุณุน ูˆ ู†ุงุฑูˆ ุถูŠู‚ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฏ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„
62
00:05:15,590 --> 00:05:19,570
ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏู‡ ุงู„
63
00:05:19,570 --> 00:05:23,310
antibiotics ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ gram positive ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง
64
00:05:23,310 --> 00:05:28,310
ููŠ ุตุจุบุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุนู„ู‰ gram negative ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู…ุซู„ุง
65
00:05:28,310 --> 00:05:34,710
ูู„ูˆุฑูˆ ูƒูˆู„ูˆู„ูˆู†ุฒู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุดุชุบู„ ุชู…ุงู…
66
00:05:34,710 --> 00:05:38,510
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ุจุณู„ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ูู„ูˆูƒุณุงูƒูŠู† ุฌุฑูŠู…ุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช
67
00:05:38,510 --> 00:05:42,310
ูู„ูˆูƒุณุงุณู„ูŠู† ูˆ ูู„ูˆุฑุง ูˆ ูƒูˆู„ูˆู„ูˆู†ุฒ ูˆ ุงู„ others ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ
68
00:05:42,310 --> 00:05:47,910
ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฃูˆ ุฃูˆุณุน ุทูŠุจ
69
00:05:47,910 --> 00:05:52,010
ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุณูˆุงุก positive ุฃูˆ negative ุงู„ู†ุงุฑูˆ ู„ุฃ
70
00:05:52,010 --> 00:05:55,690
ุงู„ู†ุงุฑูˆ ูŠุง positive ูŠุง negative ู…ุดุชุบู„ุด ุนู„ู‰ positive
71
00:05:55,690 --> 00:05:59,760
ูˆ negative ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ู†ุงุฑูˆุงู„ู†ุงุฑ ู…ุซู„ุง
72
00:05:59,760 --> 00:06:06,740
ุชุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ุงุชุฑูˆู…ูŠุณูŠู† ุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฑุงู… positive ุจุงุณุชุฑุณูŠู†
73
00:06:06,740 --> 00:06:11,360
ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฑุงู… positive ุงู„ุฑูŠุฏูƒุณูƒ ุฃุณุฏ ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠู†ุชุงู…ูŠุณูŠู† ู…ุซู„ุง
74
00:06:11,360 --> 00:06:15,800
ุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฑุงู… ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ู„ุงุญุธูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุง positive
75
00:06:15,800 --> 00:06:21,280
ูŠุง ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ุขู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด positive ู…ุน ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ุฒูŠ ู‡ุงู†ุง
76
00:06:21,280 --> 00:06:25,900
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงู†ุง ุฌุฑุงู… positive ูˆุฌุฑุงู… ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุนุดุงู†
77
00:06:25,900 --> 00:06:31,580
ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฏู„ู…ุง ู†ุนุทูŠ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุฌุฑุนุฉ ู…ุถุงุฑุจุฉ ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ูˆูŠูƒูˆู†
78
00:06:31,580 --> 00:06:34,960
ุญุงู„ุชู‡ ุฎุทูŠุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฏู„ุชู‡ุงุจุฑูŠ ุงูˆู‰ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุถุทุฑูŠู† ุงู† ู†ุนุทูŠู‡
79
00:06:34,960 --> 00:06:40,440
broad spectrum ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุฒู„ุฉ ุฌู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงูˆ ุถุนูŠูุฉ
80
00:06:40,440 --> 00:06:47,220
ู†ุนุทูŠู‡ narrow spectrum ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุงู† ุงูŠุด ุงู„ effects of
81
00:06:47,220 --> 00:06:50,660
antibiotics on bacterial population ุงูŠุด ู…ุถุงุฑุจุฉ
82
00:06:50,660 --> 00:06:56,440
ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ ุงู…ุง
83
00:06:57,200 --> 00:07:06,180
Sidal Effect ู‚ุงุชู„ ุณูŠุฏู„ ู‚ุงุชู„ ุฃูˆ static ูŠุนู†ูŠ static
84
00:07:06,180 --> 00:07:14,620
ู…ุตุจุท ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฌูู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง static ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
85
00:07:14,620 --> 00:07:18,620
static antibiotics can kill ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง kill ูŠุนู†ูŠ
86
00:07:18,620 --> 00:07:22,120
ุชู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุชูˆู‚ู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ concentration
87
00:07:23,370 --> 00:07:26,430
concentration of antibiotic ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ูƒู„
88
00:07:26,430 --> 00:07:33,310
ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุงู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู‚ุชู„ุง ูˆูƒู„ ู…ูƒุงู† ุฃู‚ู„
89
00:07:33,310 --> 00:07:39,650
ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒุง ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุงู† ุฃู‚ู„ ู‚ุชู„ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุงุนุทูŠู†ุง
90
00:07:39,650 --> 00:07:48,650
ุฑุฌู„ ูˆุฒู†ู‡ 80 ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ุฏุฑุน ุงู„ุทูู„ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ ุชูƒูˆู† aesthetic
91
00:07:52,650 --> 00:07:57,750
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุฌู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุต ุงู„ุฌุฑุนุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฑุจุน ุงู„ุฌุฑุนุฉ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู„ูˆ
92
00:07:57,750 --> 00:08:02,990
ุฃุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุทูู„ ุฌุฑุนุฉ ุฑุฌู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู‡ูŠ ุชูƒูˆู† ุณูŠุฌู„ ูˆุชูƒูˆู†
93
00:08:02,990 --> 00:08:07,750
overdose ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุชู‰ ููŠู‡ุง ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฌุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุงู„
94
00:08:07,750 --> 00:08:14,050
bacteriostatic ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ can inhibit
95
00:08:14,050 --> 00:08:17,930
the growth and multiplication of bacteria ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ
96
00:08:17,930 --> 00:08:27,480
ุจุณ ู‡ูŠ ุนูŠุด ุจุชู…ู†ุน ู†ู…ูˆูˆุชูƒุงุชุฑ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ุชุฎู„ุน
97
00:08:27,480 --> 00:08:33,600
ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ุงู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑู‡ุง ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูˆ ุงุณุชููƒุช ูˆู‚ูุช
98
00:08:33,600 --> 00:08:40,020
ู„ุง ุชู†ู…ูˆ ูˆู„ุง ุชุชูƒุงุชุฑ ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ู†ุนุช ุงู„ุฌุณู…
99
00:08:40,020 --> 00:08:47,540
immunity of the body ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุฃุชูƒู…ู„ ุงู„
100
00:08:47,540 --> 00:08:52,240
destruction ุชู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฎุงุตุฉ ุฅู† ูƒุงู† ุดุจุงุจ ูˆ
101
00:08:52,240 --> 00:08:56,020
ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงุณุชุชุชูƒ ูŠูƒููŠ
102
00:08:56,020 --> 00:09:00,640
ู„ูƒู† ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนูŠูˆุฒ ุฃูˆ ุทูู„ ุตุบูŠุฑ ุจุฏู‡ bactericidal ุจุฏู‡
103
00:09:00,640 --> 00:09:05,920
bactericidal ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู†
104
00:09:05,920 --> 00:09:12,980
ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู†ุธุฑ ููŠ ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูˆู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูˆุดุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ
105
00:09:12,980 --> 00:09:20,620
ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰bactericidal antibiotic ูŠุนุทูŠู‡ ูˆู„ุง
106
00:09:20,620 --> 00:09:26,380
bactericide ูŠุนุทูŠู‡ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุณุคุงู„ ูƒูŠู ุชุนู…ู„
107
00:09:26,380 --> 00:09:32,040
ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง mechanism of action
108
00:09:32,040 --> 00:09:35,300
of antibiotic ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุงู†ุง
109
00:09:35,300 --> 00:09:39,700
ุนุงุฑูู‡ุง ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูƒูˆู†ุฉ ู…ู† cell wall ูˆ
110
00:09:39,700 --> 00:09:43,260
cytoplasmic membrane
111
00:09:46,980 --> 00:09:54,280
ูˆู‡ู†ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ูƒุจุณูˆู„ุฉ ุงูˆู„
112
00:09:54,280 --> 00:09:58,060
ุงุดูŠ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุนู† ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
113
00:09:58,060 --> 00:10:00,960
destruction of cell wall ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู†ู…ุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
114
00:10:00,960 --> 00:10:08,780
destruction of cell wall ุทูŠุจ ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„
115
00:10:08,780 --> 00:10:09,680
ุงู† ุงู„ cell wall ู‡ุฐุง
116
00:10:13,170 --> 00:10:17,730
ุจุญู…ูŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู†ุชู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฒู…ูˆุณูŠูƒุง pressure
117
00:10:17,730 --> 00:10:20,330
relative to the surrounding media ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ cell
118
00:10:20,330 --> 00:10:25,730
wall ุจูŠู…ู†ุน ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุณุงู…ุฉ ูˆุจูŠู…ู†ุน ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
119
00:10:25,730 --> 00:10:31,430
ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุถุบุท ุงุฒู…ูˆุฒูŠ ุนุงู„ูŠ ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู†
120
00:10:31,430 --> 00:10:34,470
ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุชูˆุงุฒู† ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุฎุงุฑุฌ
121
00:10:34,470 --> 00:10:39,690
ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุทูŠุจ ุชูŠุฌูŠ ู…ุถุงุทุน ุญูŠูˆูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูุงู†ุณุงู„ูŠู† ุจู†ุณูŠู„ูŠู†
122
00:10:39,690 --> 00:10:46,220
ุงู„ุจู†ุณูŠู„ูŠู† ู‡ุฐุงุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ุจูŠุญุทู… ุฃูˆ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ู€ cell wall
123
00:10:46,220 --> 00:10:50,800
ูˆูŠู…ู†ุน ุชูƒูˆูŠู†ู‡ ุชุงู†ูŠ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ูˆุช ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
124
00:10:50,800 --> 00:10:54,340
ุงู„ู€ cell ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
125
00:10:54,340 --> 00:10:54,780
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
126
00:10:54,780 --> 00:10:54,920
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
127
00:10:54,920 --> 00:10:55,160
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
128
00:10:55,160 --> 00:11:00,660
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
129
00:11:00,660 --> 00:11:05,260
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
130
00:11:05,260 --> 00:11:09,030
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุจูƒูู„ูŠูƒุณ ูƒูุงุฑุณููˆุฑูŠู† ุจุณุชุฑูŠุณูŠู†
131
00:11:09,030 --> 00:11:13,850
ุจุงู†ูƒูˆู…ุงูŠุณูŠู† ู‡ู… ู…ุด ู…ู† ุฃุณู…ุงุก ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
132
00:11:13,850 --> 00:11:17,670
ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ cell wall ูˆ
133
00:11:17,670 --> 00:11:21,250
ุจุชุฒูˆุบู‡ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ pressure
134
00:11:21,250 --> 00:11:27,450
ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง ุจุฎุชู„ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุชูุฎ ูˆ ุจุชู…ูˆุช ุทูŠุจ ููŠ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ
135
00:11:27,450 --> 00:11:32,050
ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ุบูŠุฑู‡ุชุนู…ู„ Inhibition of cytoplasmic membrane
136
00:11:32,050 --> 00:11:35,990
function ุชู…ู†ุน ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ู€ cytoplasmic membrane ุงู„ู„ูŠ
137
00:11:35,990 --> 00:11:40,630
ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ cytoplasm ูˆุนู„ู‰
138
00:11:40,630 --> 00:11:47,750
ุงู„ู†ูˆุงุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุชูŠุฌูŠ ู…ุถุงุฏุงุช ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ุจุชู…ุฒู‚ู‡ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
139
00:11:47,750 --> 00:11:53,750
ุจุชุนู…ู„ Escapeof ions ู…ู† ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู€ cytoplasm ูˆ ุงู„
140
00:11:53,750 --> 00:11:58,950
macromolecules ุฏุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ ribosomes ุชุทู„ุน ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง
141
00:11:58,950 --> 00:12:03,070
ุจูŠุนู…ู„ damage ุงูˆ death damage ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุณู„ู ุงูˆ ู…ูˆุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
142
00:12:03,070 --> 00:12:09,700
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠู†
143
00:12:09,700 --> 00:12:14,700
ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€cytoplasmic membrane ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช
144
00:12:14,700 --> 00:12:18,120
ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุถุฏ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ููŠ ู…ุถุงุฏุฉ
145
00:12:18,120 --> 00:12:22,880
ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง polymyxins polymyxin ู‡ูŠ ุฏู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰
146
00:12:22,880 --> 00:12:28,040
ุงู„ู€cytoplasmic membrane ูˆุงู„ุฌุฑุงู… ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
147
00:12:28,040 --> 00:12:33,440
ุงู†ู‡ ุจุฏูˆุจู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠู…ุฒู‘ู‚ ุงู„ู€ lipid bilayer
148
00:12:33,440 --> 00:12:37,580
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชู†ุงู‚ุถ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชู†ุงู‚ุถ ุทุจู‚ุงุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ cytoplasm
149
00:12:37,580 --> 00:12:40,740
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ brain ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ ribosomes ูˆ
150
00:12:40,740 --> 00:12:43,840
ุงู„cytoplasm ุจุฑุง ูˆ ุจุชู…ูˆุช ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุฉ ู„ุฐุง ุงู„
151
00:12:43,840 --> 00:12:46,660
polymexene ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ gram negative
152
00:12:46,660 --> 00:12:51,660
ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจูŠุฐุงุจุทู‡ ุฅูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„cytoplasm ููŠ ุงู„ brain ุงู„
153
00:12:51,660 --> 00:12:56,440
polyelene ู„ุฃ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุฉ ู…ุถุงุฏ ูุทุฑูŠ ูˆู‡ุฐุง
154
00:12:56,440 --> 00:13:01,600
ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„cytoplasmุจุชุงุน ุงู„ูุชุฑ ุงู„ูู†ุฌุณ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุจุชุงุน
155
00:13:01,600 --> 00:13:06,680
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงุณุชูŠุฑุชุจูˆู„ุงุฒ ููŠ ุงู„ brain ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ูู†ุฌุณ ุนุฎุฑ
156
00:13:06,680 --> 00:13:13,200
ุดูˆูŠุฉ ููŠู‡ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงุณุชูŠุฑูˆู„ ูˆุจุฏูˆุจู‡ุง ูุจู‚ูˆู„ูŠ
157
00:13:13,200 --> 00:13:16,660
ุงู„ุจูˆู„ูŠู…ูŠูƒุฒูŠู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุณ ูˆุงู„ุจูˆู„ูŠ ุฅูŠู„ูŠู†
158
00:13:16,660 --> 00:13:20,700
ูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูู†ุฌุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุชุฑ ุจุณ ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ุฃุนุทูŠู†ุง
159
00:13:20,700 --> 00:13:24,170
ุงู„ุจูˆู„ูŠู…ูŠูƒุฒูŠู† ู„ู„ูุชุฑ ู…ุด ุชุดุชุบู„ุดูˆู„ูˆ ุงุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุจูˆู„ูŠ
160
00:13:24,170 --> 00:13:27,930
ุฅูŠู„ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุด ุชุฏู…ุด ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡
161
00:13:27,930 --> 00:13:32,630
ุงุณู…ู‡ุง selective toxicity selective toxicity ูŠุนู†ูŠ
162
00:13:32,630 --> 00:13:40,490
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุซู…ูŠุฉ ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ู…ุถุงุฏ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
163
00:13:40,490 --> 00:13:45,910
ูˆู…ุถุงุฏ ู„ู„ูุทุฑูŠุฉ ู…ุถุงุฏ ู„ู„ูุทุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ู…ู† ุงู„
164
00:13:45,910 --> 00:13:51,460
antibiotics ูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ hyposomesูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ู†ูุณูŠ ู†ูู‡ู…
165
00:13:51,460 --> 00:13:58,560
ุงู† ุฑุฌู„ู‡ู… ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ set of plasma ุญุจู„ ูˆููŠู‡ ูˆุญุฏุงุช ู…ู†
166
00:13:58,560 --> 00:14:04,180
ุงู„ amino acids ุงู„ amino acids ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุงุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู†ูŠุฉ
167
00:14:04,180 --> 00:14:13,220
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุซู„ุง ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุซุจุช ุงู†
168
00:14:13,220 --> 00:14:20,960
ุจุนุถ ู…ุถุงุฏุงุช ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู†ููŠู‡ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„
169
00:14:20,960 --> 00:14:25,680
ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุงูŠุด ู‡ู†ุดุชุบู„ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ
170
00:14:25,680 --> 00:14:32,000
ุจูŠุฌูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠูƒุณุฑ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุญุจู„
171
00:14:32,000 --> 00:14:40,300
ู„ุฃู…ูŠู† ูˆุฃุณุฏุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูƒูˆู†ุฉ ุงู„ ribosomes ู…ุชู‚ุทุน ู…ุด ู…ุชุตู„ ูˆ
172
00:14:40,300 --> 00:14:47,700
ุฅุฌุง ููŠ ุงู„ 50 ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ ูˆ ุงู„ 6 ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ 50 ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
173
00:14:47,700 --> 00:14:49,260
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
174
00:14:49,260 --> 00:14:49,440
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
175
00:14:49,440 --> 00:14:49,520
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
176
00:14:49,520 --> 00:14:49,860
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
177
00:14:49,860 --> 00:14:51,120
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
178
00:14:51,120 --> 00:14:51,600
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
179
00:14:51,600 --> 00:14:52,080
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
180
00:14:52,080 --> 00:14:59,140
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
181
00:14:59,140 --> 00:15:01,830
ุงู„ู„ูŠุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ amino
182
00:15:01,830 --> 00:15:10,770
glycosides ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฏูŠู†ุชุงู…ูŠุณูŠู† ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง ุชุจุฑุงู…ูŠุณูŠู† ู‡ุฐูˆู„ุง
183
00:15:10,770 --> 00:15:15,450
ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ุงุณู…ู‡ู… amino glycosides ู‡ุฐูˆู„ุง ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰
184
00:15:15,450 --> 00:15:22,230
ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† S sub unit ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† S ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
185
00:15:22,230 --> 00:15:26,870
ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ ribosome ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตู†ุน ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุชุทู„ุน
186
00:15:26,870 --> 00:15:33,450
abnormalNon-functional proteins ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุบูŠุฑ
187
00:15:33,450 --> 00:15:40,870
ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุนู…ู„ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†
188
00:15:40,870 --> 00:15:48,320
ูŠุคุฏูŠ ู„ู…ูˆุช ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุฉูƒูˆูŠุณ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุทุน ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ
189
00:15:48,320 --> 00:15:52,160
ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉ amygdala glycoside ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู…ุชู†ุงุทู‡ุง ุนู†
190
00:15:52,160 --> 00:15:56,340
ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุญู‚ู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ูŠ ูˆุงู„ุญู‚ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุฑูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ู†
191
00:15:56,340 --> 00:16:00,720
ุงู„ุนุถู„ูŠ ูˆุงู„ุญู‚ู† ุงู„ูˆุฑูŠุฏูŠ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุถุฏ ุฌุฑุงู… negative ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
192
00:16:00,720 --> 00:16:05,640
ุถุฏ ุฌุฑุงู… negative ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุง ุงุนุทูŠ ุงู„
193
00:16:05,640 --> 00:16:09,940
amygdala glycoside ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุฑูŠุฏ ุงูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ ูˆูŠูƒูˆู†
194
00:16:09,940 --> 00:16:15,720
ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุงุตุงุจุฉ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุฌุฑุงู… negativeูุงู†ุง ุจู‚ุชู„ ุงู„
195
00:16:15,720 --> 00:16:21,620
ribosomes ููŠ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ููŠู† ุทูŠุจ ููŠ ู…ุถุงุฏ ุญูŠูˆ ุงุณู…ู‡
196
00:16:21,620 --> 00:16:26,760
tetracycline ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒุง ุงุณู…ู‡ ุชุฑู…ูŠุณูŠู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
197
00:16:26,760 --> 00:16:30,600
ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ููŠู† S ูˆ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†
198
00:16:30,600 --> 00:16:35,260
ุฒุงุฆู ูˆ ุจูŠู‚ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ุชุฎุณุฑ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจูŠู‚ุชู„ gram
199
00:16:35,260 --> 00:16:39,420
negative ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฒู‰ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุฑุฉ gram
200
00:16:39,420 --> 00:16:43,600
negative ูˆุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ู‰
201
00:16:43,600 --> 00:16:48,200
gram negativeูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุงูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ of aminoglycosides ูˆ
202
00:16:48,200 --> 00:16:52,520
ุงู„ู€ tetracyclines ุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑูŠุฌูˆุฒูˆู… ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฏุงุฎู„
203
00:16:52,520 --> 00:16:58,640
ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุญู„ู‚ุงุช ู…ู†
204
00:16:58,640 --> 00:17:05,200
ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุงุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง amino acids ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุงูŠ ู…ุซุงู„
205
00:17:05,200 --> 00:17:11,380
ู„ุฃุญู…ุงุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ูƒูŠู ุงู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ amino glycosides
206
00:17:11,380 --> 00:17:17,790
ุงุดุชุบู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู†ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ุญุทู…ุช ููŠ
207
00:17:17,790 --> 00:17:21,670
ุญูŠู† ุงู† ุงู„ูƒุฑุงู†ูˆูƒู„ูˆุฑู… ููŠู†ูŠูƒูˆู„ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุฎู…ุณูŠู†
208
00:17:21,670 --> 00:17:29,510
ุฎู…ุณูŠู† S ุญุทู…ู‡ุง ูˆุทู„ุน ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุฒุงุฆู ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
209
00:17:29,510 --> 00:17:33,890
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุฉ ูˆู…ุงุชุช ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ูˆุฑูˆู…
210
00:17:33,890 --> 00:17:39,860
ููŠู†ูŠูƒูˆู„ ุงุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† ุงุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณูŠู† S sub unitูŠุนู†ูŠ
211
00:17:39,860 --> 00:17:42,740
ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู†ูŠ ู†ู…ุฑู‡ 50 ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ูŠูƒุณุฑู‡ุง
212
00:17:42,740 --> 00:17:45,920
ูˆุงู„ุฑูŠุจูˆุฒูˆู…ุฒ
213
00:17:45,920 --> 00:17:51,280
ูŠุทู„ุน ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุฒุงุฆูุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ุนู„ุงุฌ ุฃู…ุฉ
214
00:17:51,280 --> 00:17:55,980
ุงู„ู€typhoid ุจุงุณูŠู„ุงูŠ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฌุฑุงู… ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ุฌุฑุงู… ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู
215
00:17:55,980 --> 00:18:01,220
ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰
216
00:18:01,220 --> 00:18:05,020
ุงู„ุฑูŠุจูˆุฒูˆู…ุฒ ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุฃุญู…ุงุฑ ุฃู…ูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุฃุดูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจูŠุดุชุบู„
217
00:18:05,020 --> 00:18:09,610
ููŠ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ 30 ูˆ ุฃุดูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ 50ุฃุฎุฑ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู…
218
00:18:09,610 --> 00:18:14,510
ุฃูˆ ุขู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ู„
219
00:18:14,510 --> 00:18:21,930
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ูˆุงุฉ DNA ูˆRNA DNA ุจูŠูƒุฒูˆุฑูŠุจูˆู†ูŠูƒู„ูŠูƒ
220
00:18:21,930 --> 00:18:28,000
ุฃุณุฏ ูˆุฑูŠุจูˆ ู†ูŠูƒู„ูŠูƒ ุฃุณุฏูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ุฒู‰ ุงู„
221
00:18:28,000 --> 00:18:33,460
rampantin ูˆ ุฒู‰ ุงู„ cellophane emis ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู„ูุฉ ุงู„
222
00:18:33,460 --> 00:18:38,240
trimetoprim ูˆุงู„ู…ุชุฑูˆู† ุฏูŠุงุฒูˆู„ ุจู‡ู…ุด ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงุก ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุขู†
223
00:18:38,240 --> 00:18:42,820
ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุจุณ ู†ุนุฑูู‡ุง ุงู†ู‡ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ู„ุจ
224
00:18:42,820 --> 00:18:48,100
ุงู„ู†ูˆุงุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ู„ุจ ุงู„ู†ูˆุงุฑ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงูˆุฌุณ ู‡ุงูŠ
225
00:18:48,100 --> 00:18:52,180
ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู†ุง ุฌุจุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ
226
00:18:52,180 --> 00:18:55,520
ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ cell wall ุฅุฐุง
227
00:18:55,520 --> 00:19:01,700
ุงุจุชุณ cell wallู‡ูƒุฐุง ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ุญูŠู† ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ
228
00:19:01,700 --> 00:19:05,720
ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ cytoplasmic membrane ู„ุงุฒุฑู‚ ู‡ู†ุง
229
00:19:05,720 --> 00:19:09,340
cytoplasmic membrane ุจุชุฒูˆุจ ุงู„ู€ cytoplasmic
230
00:19:09,340 --> 00:19:12,360
membrane ูˆุงู„ู‡ุฏ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุชุทู„ุน ุจุฑุง ูˆ ุจุชู…ูˆุช
231
00:19:12,360 --> 00:19:17,720
ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
232
00:19:17,720 --> 00:19:24,220
ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ ribosomes ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† sub
233
00:19:24,220 --> 00:19:31,140
unit ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุณุจ ูŠูˆู†ูŠุช ุงู„ุฒุฑู‚ุงุก ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู†
234
00:19:31,140 --> 00:19:35,500
ููŠ ุญูŠู† ุงู† ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุณุจ ูŠูˆู†ูŠุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
235
00:19:35,500 --> 00:19:42,020
ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุณุจ ูŠูˆู†ูŠุช ุงู„ ribosomes ูˆุงูŠ ุฃุณู…ู‡ู…
236
00:19:42,020 --> 00:19:51,060
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ ุงู„ RNA
237
00:19:53,260 --> 00:19:57,260
ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ DNA ุฏูŠ ุงูƒุฒูŠูˆ ุฑุงูŠุจูˆู†
238
00:19:57,260 --> 00:20:03,820
ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูƒ ุฃุณุฏ ู†ุงู„ุฏูƒุณูƒ ุฃุณุฏ ูˆ ู†ูˆุจูŠูˆุณูŠู† ูู‡ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุดุชุบู„
239
00:20:03,820 --> 00:20:12,160
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ RNA RNA ุฒูŠ ุฑุงู…ูู†ุจูŠู† ูˆ ุฒูŠ ุฃูƒุชูŠู†ูˆู…ูŠุณูŠู† ุชุดุชุบู„
240
00:20:12,160 --> 00:20:16,960
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ RNA ุจุชุญุทู… ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ุฑุงูŠุจูˆู† ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูƒ ุฃุณุฏ
241
00:20:16,960 --> 00:20:21,220
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ูˆุช ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุฉู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ูƒูŠู
242
00:20:21,220 --> 00:20:28,680
ุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฃูˆ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
243
00:20:28,680 --> 00:20:32,300
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ููŠ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ุขู† ุจุณ ู‡ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠ ุขุฎุฑ
244
00:20:32,300 --> 00:20:39,140
slide ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุชุณุชุณู„ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุถุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠ ูˆู„ุง
245
00:20:39,140 --> 00:20:45,220
ู„ู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดุบู„ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ุฃ ู„ู‡ุง ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ุน ุฅู†ู‡ุง
246
00:20:45,220 --> 00:20:52,840
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู„ุงู‚ูŠ resistanceto antimicrobial agents ูŠุนู†ูŠ
247
00:20:52,840 --> 00:20:57,480
distance from ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู‚ุงู… ููŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ู„ู…ุถุงุฏุงุช
248
00:20:57,480 --> 00:21:02,500
ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุงู† ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ pathogenic
249
00:21:02,500 --> 00:21:07,740
ุฃูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุจุจ ุจุงู„ุงู…ุฑุงุถ pathogenic ุงู„ู…ุณุจุจ ุจุงู„ุงู…ุฑุงุถ ุฒุงุฏุช
250
00:21:07,740 --> 00:21:11,500
ููŠ ุงู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ูˆุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ
251
00:21:12,290 --> 00:21:18,110
ุฃุฏุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุตุฏูŠู‡ ู„ู„ุจู†ุณุงู„ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุบูŠุฑ
252
00:21:18,110 --> 00:21:21,230
ุงู„ุจู†ุณุงู„ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุฐุง ุงู„ุจู†ุณุงู„ูŠู† ุชุนุทูŠู‡ ู„ู„ุทูู„ ูƒุฃู†ูƒ
253
00:21:21,230 --> 00:21:24,710
ู…ุงุจุชุนุทูŠู‡ ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุถุฏุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏ
254
00:21:24,710 --> 00:21:29,510
ุงู„ุจู†ุณุงู„ูŠู† ุทู„ุนุช ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ุงู†ุฒูŠู… ุงุณู…ู‡
255
00:21:29,510 --> 00:21:34,530
Penicillinase enzyme Penicillinase enzyme ู‡ุฐุง ุจููƒูƒ
256
00:21:34,530 --> 00:21:42,790
ุงู„ุจู†ุณุงู„ูŠู† ูˆุจูŠุฎู„ูŠู‡ ูŠูˆุฒุฏุซ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุง ูุงุฆุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ูˆุญุชู‰ ู„ู€
257
00:21:42,790 --> 00:21:46,310
Chloramphenicol ุทู„ุนุช ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุดูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ Acetylase
258
00:21:46,310 --> 00:21:51,470
ุฃุฒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุฒูŠู… ุงู†ุฒุงูŠู… ูˆุตุงุฑ ู‡ุฐุง useless ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงู„ูŠู…
259
00:21:51,470 --> 00:21:56,050
ู…ูุงุฆู„ุฉูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุฅูุฑุงุฒุงุช ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ูŠุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุงุช
260
00:21:56,050 --> 00:21:59,430
ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุถุงุฏ ุญูŠูˆูŠ ู…ุง ูŠุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุฉ
261
00:21:59,430 --> 00:22:04,650
ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู‡ูŠ ุชูุฑุฒ ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ู…ุนูŠู† ูŠุญู„ู„ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠ ูˆูŠุฌุนู„ู‡
262
00:22:04,650 --> 00:22:08,650
ู„ุง ูุงูŠุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ ูˆู„ุง ุถุฑุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ููŠู‡ ู†ูˆุน
263
00:22:08,650 --> 00:22:12,070
ุงุณู…ู‡ cross resistance cross resistance ุจู‚ูˆู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
264
00:22:12,070 --> 00:22:17,690
ุจู„ุบุช ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฐูƒุงุก ุจุญูŠุซ ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู…ู„ุช
265
00:22:17,690 --> 00:22:22,390
ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู„ antibiotic ูุฅู†ู‡
266
00:22:23,010 --> 00:22:28,030
ุชู…ุชุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ antibiotic ู…ุดุงุจู‡ู‡ ููŠ
267
00:22:28,030 --> 00:22:32,430
ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠ ู…ุดุงุจู‡ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ูุตูŠู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุจู† ุนู…ู‡
268
00:22:32,430 --> 00:22:38,970
ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ูƒูู„ูŠูƒุณ ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู†ุณุงู„ูŠู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนุงู…ู„
269
00:22:38,970 --> 00:22:44,810
ู„ู„ุจู†ุณุงู„ูŠู† ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุจุตูŠุฑ ูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ูƒูู„ูŠูƒุณ ูƒู…ุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุจุณ
270
00:22:44,810 --> 00:22:49,730
ู‡ูˆ ุงุจู† ุนู…ู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ูŠุจุตุงู† ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงto antibiotic which
271
00:22:49,730 --> 00:22:55,570
they have not been exposed ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุงูˆุตู„ูˆุด ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…
272
00:22:55,570 --> 00:23:00,290
it is usually found among antibiotics which are
273
00:23:00,290 --> 00:23:03,770
closely related chemically to tetracycline and
274
00:23:03,770 --> 00:23:08,790
erythromycin ู…ุซู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ
275
00:23:09,490 --> 00:23:15,330
ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ู„ูˆ ุงูƒุชุดูุช ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ูˆู„ูˆ ุจุนุฏ
276
00:23:15,330 --> 00:23:20,770
ูุชุฑุฉ ุณู†ุฉ ุงูˆ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุนุทู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒุณุฑู‡ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู‡
277
00:23:20,770 --> 00:23:28,570
ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ููŠู‡ ุทุจุนุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูˆู‚ู
278
00:23:28,570 --> 00:23:35,410
ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ slide ุจุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู† ู†ูƒู…ู„
279
00:23:38,480 --> 00:23:43,620
ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุงู†ุง ุงู„ุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ
280
00:23:43,620 --> 00:23:51,320
ุจุจุญุซ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆุนุฏ ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ quiz ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ุชูƒูˆุง ุนู†ู‡ ูˆ
281
00:23:51,320 --> 00:23:54,480
ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุจูƒูˆู† ุฌุฑูŠุจ ุงู†ุง ุจุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฎู…ูŠุณ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†
282
00:23:54,480 --> 00:23:58,100
ุณู‡ุฑ ุฑุจู†ุง ุงู†ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุฎู…ูŠุณ ุจุถุจุท ุจู‚ู„ูƒูˆุง ูˆ ุจุฃูƒุฏ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆ
283
00:23:58,100 --> 00:24:00,040
ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุก ูˆ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆ ุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡