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[ { "id": "19584", "type": "document", "text": [ "Gum elastic bougie-guided insertion of the ProSeal Laryngeal Mask Airway . We tested the hypothesis that gum elastic-bougie-guided insertion of the ProSeal Laryngeal Mask Airway is more frequently successful than introducer tool guided insertion after failed digital insertion . One hundred anaesthetized patients ( ASA 1-2 , aged 18 to 80 years ) were randomized for the second insertion attempt using either the gum elastic bougie-guided or introducer tool techniques . The bougie-guided technique involved priming the drain tube with the bougie , placing the bougie in the oesophagus using laryngoscope guidance , digital insertion along the palato-pharyngeal curve , and bougie removal . The introducer tool technique involved attaching the introducer tool , single-handed rotation along the palatopharyngeal curve , and introducer tool removal . Failed insertion was classified as ( i ) failed passage into the pharynx , ( ii ) malposition , or ( iii ) ineffective ventilation . Any blood staining was documented . Insertion was more frequently successful ( 50/50 vs 15/50 , P=0.0002 ) and faster ( 35+/-17 s vs 54+/-45 s , mean+/-SD , P=0.006 ) with the bougie-guided technique . All failed insertions with the introducer tool technique were successful with the bougie-guided technique . The aetiology of failed insertion was similar for the digital and introducer tool techniques in 94 % ( 33/35 ) of patients . There was no blood staining on the bougie , laryngoscope or introducer tool at removal , but blood staining was more common on the ProSeal Laryngeal Mask Airway with the introducer tool technique ( 9/50 vs 2/50 , P=0.03 ) . We conclude that the gum elastic bougie-guided insertion has a higher success rate and causes less trauma than the insertion tool insertion technique after failed digital insertion of the ProSeal Laryngeal Mask Airway ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1862 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19585", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Gum elastic bougie-guided insertion" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19586", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "gum elastic-bougie-guided insertion" ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 140 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19587", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "second insertion attempt using either the gum elastic bougie-guided or introducer tool techniques ." ], "offsets": [ [ 372, 471 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19588", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "bougie-guided technique" ], "offsets": [ [ 476, 499 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19589", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "introducer tool technique" ], "offsets": [ [ 443, 468 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19590", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "gum elastic bougie-guided insertion" ], "offsets": [ [ 1664, 1699 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19591", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood staining" ], "offsets": [ [ 988, 1002 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19592", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Insertion" ], "offsets": [ [ 1020, 1029 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19593", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "frequently successful" ], "offsets": [ [ 186, 207 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19594", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "failed insertions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1190, 1207 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19595", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "aetiology of failed insertion" ], "offsets": [ [ 1298, 1327 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19596", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "blood staining" ], "offsets": [ [ 988, 1002 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19597", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood staining" ], "offsets": [ [ 988, 1002 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19598", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "One hundred" ], "offsets": [ [ 279, 290 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19599", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "18 to 80 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 331, 345 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "19601", "type": "document", "text": [ "Syncope Evaluation in the Emergency Department Study ( SEEDS ) : a multidisciplinary approach to syncope management . BACKGROUND The primary aim and central hypothesis of the study are that a designated syncope unit in the emergency department improves diagnostic yield and reduces hospital admission for patients with syncope who are at intermediate risk for an adverse cardiovascular outcome . METHODS AND RESULTS In this prospective , randomized , single-center study , patients were randomly allocated to 2 treatment arms : syncope unit evaluation and standard care . The 2 groups were compared with chi2 test for independence of categorical variables . Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for continuous variables . Survival was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method . One hundred three consecutive patients ( 53 women ; mean age 64+/-17 years ) entered the study . Fifty-one patients were randomized to the syncope unit . For the syncope unit and standard care patients , the presumptive diagnosis was established in 34 ( 67 % ) and 5 ( 10 % ) patients ( P < 0.001 ) , respectively , hospital admission was required for 22 ( 43 % ) and 51 ( 98 % ) patients ( P < 0.001 ) , and total patient-hospital days were reduced from 140 to 64 . Actuarial survival was 97 % and 90 % ( P=0.30 ) , and survival free from recurrent syncope was 88 % and 89 % ( P=0.72 ) at 2 years for the syncope unit and standard care groups , respectively . CONCLUSIONS The novel syncope unit designed for this study significantly improved diagnostic yield in the emergency department and reduced hospital admission and total length of hospital stay without affecting recurrent syncope and all-cause mortality among intermediate-risk patients . Observations from the present study provide benchmark data for improving patient care and effectively utilizing healthcare resources ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1853 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19602", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "syncope unit evaluation" ], "offsets": [ [ 528, 551 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19603", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "standard care" ], "offsets": [ [ 556, 569 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19604", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "Survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 717, 725 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19605", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "presumptive diagnosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 979, 1000 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19606", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "hospital admission" ], "offsets": [ [ 282, 300 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19607", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "total patient-hospital days" ], "offsets": [ [ 1180, 1207 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19608", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "Actuarial survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1238, 1256 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19609", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival free from recurrent syncope" ], "offsets": [ [ 1292, 1328 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19610", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "diagnostic yield" ], "offsets": [ [ 253, 269 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19611", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "hospital admission" ], "offsets": [ [ 282, 300 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19612", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "total length of hospital stay" ], "offsets": [ [ 1594, 1623 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19613", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1674, 1683 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19614", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "syncope" ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 104 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19615", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "One hundred three consecutive patients ( 53 women ; mean age 64+/-17 years ) entered the study ." ], "offsets": [ [ 771, 867 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "19617", "type": "document", "text": [ "Blockade of endogenous growth hormone-releasing hormone receptors dissociates nocturnal growth hormone secretion and slow-wave sleep . OBJECTIVES A temporal association between non-rapid eye movement ( NREM ) sleep stages 3 and 4 and nocturnal augmentation of GH release was found long ago , yet the precise mechanism for this association has not been identified . It has been shown , however that pulsatile GHRH administration increases both slow-wave sleep ( SWS ) and GH . Based on these data , a role for GHRH as an inducer of SWS was proposed . To test this hypothesis , we have performed the corollary experiment whereby the action of endogenous GHRH has been antagonized . DESIGN Healthy men ( 20-33 years old ) had an infusion of GHRH antagonist ( ( N-Ac-Tyr ( 1 ) , D-Arg ( 2 ) ) GHRH-29 ( NH ( 2 ) ) ) or saline for a 12-h period , between 2100 and 0900 h. An i.v . bolus of GHRH was given at 0700 h and GH samples were drawn from 0700 to 0900 h to document the efficacy of GH suppression by the GHRH antagonist . METHODS A limited montage sleep study was recorded from 2300 to 0700 h during each admission . Plasma GH concentrations were analyzed by the use of a sensitive chemiluminometric assay . RESULTS Effectiveness of the GHRH antagonist was validated in all subjects by demonstrating 93+/-1.8 % ( P=0.012 ) suppression of GH response to a GHRH bolus . Polysomnography demonstrated that the percentage of SWS was not different when saline and GHRH antagonist nights were compared ( P=0.607 ) ; other quantifiable sleep parameters were also unchanged . CONCLUSIONS We conclude that endogenous GHRH is indispensable for the nocturnal augmentation of GH secretion , but that it is unlikely to participate in the genesis of SWS ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1742 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19618", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "infusion of GHRH antagonist ( ( N-Ac-Tyr ( 1 ) , D-Arg ( 2 ) ) GHRH-29 ( NH ( 2 ) ) )" ], "offsets": [ [ 726, 811 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19619", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "saline for a 12-h period" ], "offsets": [ [ 815, 839 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19620", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "GHRH" ], "offsets": [ [ 408, 412 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19621", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "nocturnal growth hormone secretion" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 112 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19622", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "slow-wave sleep" ], "offsets": [ [ 117, 132 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19623", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "slow-wave sleep ( SWS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 443, 466 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19624", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "GH" ], "offsets": [ [ 260, 262 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19625", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "GH" ], "offsets": [ [ 260, 262 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19626", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Plasma GH concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1119, 1143 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19627", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Effectiveness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1218, 1231 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19628", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "suppression of GH response" ], "offsets": [ [ 1325, 1351 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19629", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "SWS" ], "offsets": [ [ 461, 464 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19630", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sleep parameters" ], "offsets": [ [ 1530, 1546 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19631", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Healthy men ( 20-33 years old )" ], "offsets": [ [ 687, 718 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "19633", "type": "document", "text": [ "Pimecrolimus cream 1 % vs. betamethasone 17-valerate 0.1 % cream in the treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis . A randomized open-label clinical trial . BACKGROUND Seborrhoeic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with remissions and exacerbations , characterized by erythema , scaling and pruritus primarily on the face , scalp and chest . Corticosteroids and antifungals are the mainstay of therapy . However , chronic use of corticosteroids is associated with side-effects such as skin atrophy and telangiectasia . Pimecrolimus , an inhibitor of calcineurin , has been used successfully in one patient with seborrhoeic dermatitis . OBJECTIVES The objective of this randomized open-label clinical trial was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of pimecrolimus in comparison with a potent corticosteroid ( betamethasone 17-valerate ) in the treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis . METHODS Twenty patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis were included in this study , 11 patients in the pimecrolimus 1 % cream group and nine patients in the betamethasone 17-valerate 0.1 % cream group . Patients were instructed to use a thin layer of the study products twice daily at the lesional area and to discontinue treatment as soon as symptoms were absent . Clinical measures assessed were erythema , scaling and pruritus which were evaluated using a four-point scale ( 0-3 ) . RESULTS Both pimecrolimus and betamethasone were highly effective in the treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis . Betamethasone reduced all three parameters , erythema , scaling and pruritus , faster than pimecrolimus , but the differences in reduction were not statistically significant . Relapses were observed more frequently and were more severe with betamethasone than with pimecrolimus . Moreover , pruritus was not observed after discontinuation of treatment from day 15 and beyond in the pimecrolimus group , whereas it was reported in most patients of the betamethasone group . This difference was statistically significant . CONCLUSIONS It appears that pimecrolimus , a nonsteroidal topical treatment , may be an excellent alternative therapeutic modality for treating seborrhoeic dermatitis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2173 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19634", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Pimecrolimus cream" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 18 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19635", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "betamethasone 17-valerate" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19636", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Pimecrolimus" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 12 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19637", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pimecrolimus" ], "offsets": [ [ 758, 770 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19638", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "corticosteroid ( betamethasone 17-valerate )" ], "offsets": [ [ 799, 843 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19639", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pimecrolimus 1 % cream group" ], "offsets": [ [ 990, 1018 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19640", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "betamethasone 17-valerate 0.1 % cream group" ], "offsets": [ [ 1044, 1087 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19641", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pimecrolimus" ], "offsets": [ [ 758, 770 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19642", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "betamethasone" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19643", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Betamethasone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1484, 1497 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19644", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pimecrolimus" ], "offsets": [ [ 758, 770 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19645", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "betamethasone" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19646", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pimecrolimus" ], "offsets": [ [ 758, 770 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19647", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pimecrolimus" ], "offsets": [ [ 758, 770 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19648", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "betamethasone" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19649", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pimecrolimus" ], "offsets": [ [ 758, 770 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19650", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy and tolerability" ], "offsets": [ [ 729, 754 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19651", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "erythema , scaling and pruritus" ], "offsets": [ [ 272, 303 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19652", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effective" ], "offsets": [ [ 1429, 1438 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19653", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "erythema" ], "offsets": [ [ 272, 280 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19654", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "scaling" ], "offsets": [ [ 283, 290 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19655", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "pruritus" ], "offsets": [ [ 295, 303 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19656", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Relapses" ], "offsets": [ [ 1660, 1668 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19657", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "pruritus" ], "offsets": [ [ 295, 303 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "19659", "type": "document", "text": [ "A randomized crossover study investigating the influence of ranitidine or omeprazole on the pharmacokinetics of cephalexin monohydrate . Limited data characterize pharmacokinetic interactions between cephalexin and ranitidine , and no data exist for an interaction with proton pump inhibitors . The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ranitidine or omeprazole administration on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cephalexin . A randomized single- and multiple-dose crossover study was conducted in healthy subjects ingesting cephalexin before and after steady-state administration of ranitidine or omeprazole . Time-concentration profiles were determined and pharmacokinetic parameters were characterized using noncompartmental methods . Pharmacokinetic data were analyzed in accordance with the two 1-sided test for bioequivalence . The percentage of time that serum concentrations remain above the MIC ( 90 ) during the dosing interval ( T > MIC ( 90 ) ) for Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus associated with the pharmacokinetic profiles was calculated . The coadministration of cephalexin with ranitidine or omeprazole resulted in relatively minor changes in C ( max ) , AUC ( infinity ) , t ( 1/2 ) , or CL/F . t ( max ) was significantly prolonged when cephalexin was administered with ranitidine or omeprazole . Suboptimal T > MIC ( 90 ) was observed for cephalexin irrespective of acid suppression . Delay in absorption of cephalexin resulted in a decrease in the percentage of T > MIC ( 90 ) for certain acid-suppressive regimens and pathogen combinations . With the exception of an increase in t ( max ) , there were no significant pharmacokinetic interactions between cephalexin and ranitidine or omeprazole . Delayed t ( max ) associated with acid suppression may result in a diminished T > MIC ( 90 ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1859 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19660", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ranitidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 70 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19661", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "omeprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 84 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19662", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ranitidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 70 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19663", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "omeprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 84 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19664", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cephalexin" ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 122 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19665", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cephalexin" ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 122 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19666", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ranitidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 70 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19667", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "omeprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 84 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19668", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "pharmacokinetics of cephalexin monohydrate ." ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 136 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19669", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cephalexin" ], "offsets": [ [ 402, 453 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19670", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Time-concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 641, 659 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19671", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "pharmacokinetic parameters" ], "offsets": [ [ 689, 715 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19672", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "percentage of time that serum concentrations remain above the MIC ( 90 ) during the dosing interval ( T > MIC ( 90 ) )" ], "offsets": [ [ 868, 986 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19673", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Streptococcus pyogenes" ], "offsets": [ [ 991, 1013 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19674", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "C ( max )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1207, 1216 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19675", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "," ], "offsets": [ [ 226, 227 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19676", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "AUC ( infinity )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1219, 1235 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19677", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "," ], "offsets": [ [ 226, 227 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19678", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "t ( 1/2 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1238, 1247 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19679", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ ", or" ], "offsets": [ [ 1248, 1252 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19680", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "CL/F" ], "offsets": [ [ 1253, 1257 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19681", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "t ( max )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1260, 1269 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19682", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Suboptimal T > MIC ( 90 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1363, 1388 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19683", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "T > MIC ( 90 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 970, 984 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19684", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "t ( max )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1260, 1269 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19685", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "t ( max )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1260, 1269 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19686", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "healthy subjects ingesting cephalexin" ], "offsets": [ [ 528, 565 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "19688", "type": "document", "text": [ "Folate levels determine effect of antioxidant supplementation on micronuclei in subjects with cardiovascular risk . We have investigated the effect of modest supplementation with alpha-tocopherol ( 100 mg/day ) , beta-carotene ( 6 mg/day ) , vitamin C ( 100 mg/day ) and selenium ( 50 microg/day ) on oxidative stress and chromosomal damage , and the influence of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR ) genotype on these end-points . Subjects were two groups of middle-aged men differing in cardiovascular risk ; 46 survivors of myocardial infarction before age 50 and 60 healthy controls . They were randomly divided into equal groups to receive antioxidants or placebo for 12 weeks . Twenty-eight patients and 58 controls completed the intervention . Micronucleus levels in peripheral lymphocytes and changes seen after intervention were studied in relation to the MTHFR C677T genotype , basal homocysteine and plasma folate levels . Ferric reducing ability of plasma and concentration of malondialdehyde were measured to assess the antioxidant effect of supplementation . There was no association of micronuclei with folate , homocysteine or malondialdehyde levels before supplementation . Micronucleus frequencies and plasma folate levels did not vary significantly with MTHFR genotype . Homocysteine levels in subjects with the TT variant genotype were significantly higher compared with CT or CC ( P = 0.001 ) , especially in subjects with low folate ( P = 0.012 ) . In the placebo control group an increase in micronuclei ( P = 0.04 ) was detected at the end of the intervention period . This effect was not seen in the supplemented group . In antioxidant-supplemented myocardial infarction survivors we found an increase in the ferric reducing ability of plasma ( P < 0.001 ) and a decrease in malondialdehyde ( P = 0.001 ) . Micronucleus frequency showed a decrease , strongest in subjects with normal folate levels ( P = 0.015 ) . In subjects with low folate levels , a high correlation was found between micronuclei after supplementation and homocysteine , both before ( r = 0.979 , P = 0.002 ) and after supplementation ( r = 0.922 , P = 0.009 ) . Thus , folate deficiency may amplify the effect of other risk factors such as elevated homocysteine levels or variant MTHFR genotype , as well as influencing the ability of antioxidant supplementation to protect against genetic damage ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2403 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19689", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antioxidant supplementation" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19690", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "supplementation with alpha-tocopherol" ], "offsets": [ [ 158, 195 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19691", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "beta-carotene" ], "offsets": [ [ 213, 226 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19692", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vitamin C" ], "offsets": [ [ 242, 251 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19693", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "selenium" ], "offsets": [ [ 271, 279 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19694", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antioxidants" ], "offsets": [ [ 654, 666 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19695", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 670, 677 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19696", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "supplementation" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19697", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antioxidant supplementation" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19698", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "micronuclei" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 76 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19699", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Micronucleus levels in peripheral lymphocytes and changes seen after intervention were studied in relation to the MTHFR C677T genotype , basal homocysteine and plasma folate levels . Ferric reducing ability of plasma and concentration of malondialdehyde were measured to assess the antioxidant effect of supplementation ." ], "offsets": [ [ 760, 1081 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19700", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Micronucleus frequencies" ], "offsets": [ [ 1200, 1224 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19701", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma folate levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 920, 940 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19702", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Homocysteine levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1299, 1318 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19703", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "micronuclei" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 76 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19704", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ferric reducing ability of plasma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1743, 1776 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19705", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "decrease in malondialdehyde" ], "offsets": [ [ 1797, 1824 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19706", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Micronucleus frequency" ], "offsets": [ [ 1841, 1863 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19707", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "micronuclei" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 76 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "19709", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Study on treatment of iron-deficiency anemia by shengxuening ] . OBJECTIVE To observe the therapeutic effect of shengxuening ( SXN ) in treating iron-deficiency anemia ( IDA ) and to explore its molecular mechanism on iron metabolism balance regulation . METHODS Patients with IDA were randomly divided into the treated group and the control group , 50 in each group . They were treated with SXN ( 0.1 g , three times per day ) and ferrous gluconate ( 0.1 g , three times per day ) respectively , for 30 days . Levels of serum iron ( Fe ) , total iron binding capacity ( TIBC ) , transferrin saturation ( TS ) , serum ferritin ( SF ) , transferrin ( Tf ) , soluble transferrin receptor ( sTfR ) and blood routine test , as well as scoring of TCM qi-blood deficiency Syndrome were conducted before and after treatment . RESULTS The total effective rate in the treated group reached 92 % , it was shown that SXN could improve the iron metabolism , increase levels of Fe , TS , SF and reduce levels of TIBC , Tf , sTfR , it has obvious effect in promoting erythrocyte generation and could promote formation of leucocytes and platelets . The total effective rate in the control group was 32 % , which was significantly lower than that in the treated group ( P < 0.01 ) . CONCLUSION The effect of SXN in treating IDA and qi-blood deficiency Syndrome is evident , it could improve the iron metabolism , increase levels of Fe , TS , SF and lower levels of TIBC , Tf , sTfR ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1469 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19710", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "shengxuening" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19711", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "shengxuening ( SXN )" ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 134 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19712", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control" ], "offsets": [ [ 336, 343 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19713", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "SXN ( 0.1 g , three times per day" ], "offsets": [ [ 394, 427 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19714", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ferrous gluconate ( 0.1 g , three times per day" ], "offsets": [ [ 434, 481 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19715", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "SXN" ], "offsets": [ [ 129, 132 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19716", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Levels of serum iron ( Fe ) , total iron binding capacity ( TIBC ) , transferrin saturation ( TS ) , serum ferritin ( SF ) , transferrin ( Tf ) , soluble transferrin receptor ( sTfR ) and blood routine test , as well as scoring of TCM qi-blood deficiency Syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 513, 776 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19717", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "iron metabolism" ], "offsets": [ [ 220, 235 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19718", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "increase levels of Fe , TS , SF" ], "offsets": [ [ 948, 979 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19719", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "reduce levels of TIBC , Tf , sTfR" ], "offsets": [ [ 984, 1017 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19720", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "total effective rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 833, 853 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19721", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "iron-deficiency anemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19722", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "IDA" ], "offsets": [ [ 172, 175 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19723", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "50" ], "offsets": [ [ 352, 354 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "19725", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Comparison of fracture resistance of pulpless teeth restored with fiber reinforced composite posts and three kinds of resin core material ] . OBJECTIVE To compare the fracture resistances of pulpless teeth restored with FRC ( Fiber Reinforced Composite ) posts and three kinds of resin core material . METHODS A total of 42 recently extracted upper incisors were randomly divided into 3 groups . Group A was restored with prefabricated glass-fiber posts and Artglass polymer core ; group B with prefabricated glass-fiber posts and Charisma composite resin core ; and group C with prefabricated glass-fiber posts and AB composite resin core . In every group , the core material was processed by hot-press and non hot-press respectively . The posts size and shape were identical in the 3 groups . All teeth were fully covered with polycarbonate resin crowns . Fracture resistance was measured by applying point force at 130 degrees to the long axis of the teeth on an universal testing machine . RESULTS Mean fracture threshold was 505.4 N +/- 42.0 N and 564.1 N +/- 41.7 N in group A , 411.3 N +/- 23.3 N and 315.3 N +/- 19.1 N in group B and 358.4 N +/- 36.1 N and 423.4 N +/- 47.5 N in group C. In all groups , there was no posts fracture and polycarbonate resin crowns fragmentation . CONCLUSION The composite restoration of FRC posts combined with resin core and resin crown can improve the fracture resistance of the pulpless roots . The strength of resin core material can be increased by hot-press methods ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1515 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19726", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "pulpless teeth restored with fiber reinforced composite posts" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 100 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19727", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "FRC ( Fiber Reinforced Composite ) posts" ], "offsets": [ [ 222, 262 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19728", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "three kinds of resin core material" ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 139 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19729", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "prefabricated glass-fiber posts and Artglass polymer core" ], "offsets": [ [ 424, 481 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19730", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "prefabricated glass-fiber posts and Charisma composite resin core" ], "offsets": [ [ 497, 562 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19731", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "prefabricated glass-fiber posts and AB composite resin core" ], "offsets": [ [ 582, 641 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19732", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "FRC posts combined with resin core and resin crown" ], "offsets": [ [ 1329, 1379 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19733", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "hot-press methods" ], "offsets": [ [ 1496, 1513 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19734", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fracture resistance" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19735", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fracture resistances" ], "offsets": [ [ 169, 189 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19736", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Fracture resistance" ], "offsets": [ [ 860, 879 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19737", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Mean fracture threshold" ], "offsets": [ [ 1004, 1027 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19738", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "no posts fracture and polycarbonate resin crowns fragmentation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1224, 1286 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19739", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fracture resistance" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19740", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "42" ], "offsets": [ [ 323, 325 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "19742", "type": "document", "text": [ "Intranasal nicotine for postoperative pain treatment . BACKGROUND Despite pharmacological treatment , 70-80 % of patients report moderate to severe pain after surgery . Because nicotine has been reported to have analgesic properties in animal and human volunteer studies , the authors assessed the analgesic efficacy of a single 3 mg dose of nicotine nasal spray administered before emergence from general anesthesia . METHODS The authors conducted a randomized , double blind , placebo controlled trial of 20 healthy women ( mean age 45 ( SD 8 ) yr ) who were to undergo uterine surgery through a low transverse incision . After the conclusion of surgery but before emergence from general anesthesia , the anesthesiologist administered either nicotine nasal spray or a placebo . Numerical analog pain score and morphine utilization and hemodynamic values were measured for 24 h. RESULTS The patients treated with nicotine reported lower pain scores during the first hour after surgery ( peak numerical analog score , 7.6 ( SD 1.4 ) versus 5.3 ( SD 1.6 ) ; P < 0.001 ) and used half the amount of morphine as the control group ( 12 ( SD 6 ) versus 6 ( SD 5 ) mg ; P < 0.05 ) . Patients who received nicotine still reported less pain than those in the control group 24 h after surgery ( 1.5 ( SD 0.5 ) versus 4.9 ( SD 1.4 ) ; P < 0.01 ) . Systolic blood pressure was lower in the group that received nicotine ( 105 ( SD 3 ) versus 122 ( SD 3 ) ; P < 0.001 ) , but there was no difference in diastolic blood pressure or heart rate . CONCLUSIONS Treatment with a single dose of nicotine immediately before emergence from anesthesia was associated with significantly lower reported pain scores during the first day after surgery . The decreased pain was associated with a reduction in morphine utilization and the analgesic effect of nicotine was not associated with hypertension or tachycardia ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1892 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19743", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nicotine" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19744", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nicotine" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19745", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 479, 486 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19746", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "uterine surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 572, 587 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19747", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "low transverse incision" ], "offsets": [ [ 598, 621 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19748", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nicotine nasal spray" ], "offsets": [ [ 342, 362 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19749", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 479, 486 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19750", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "lower pain scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 932, 949 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19751", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "amount of morphine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1087, 1105 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19752", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "reported less pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1214, 1232 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19753", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Systolic blood pressure was lower" ], "offsets": [ [ 1338, 1371 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19754", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "no difference in diastolic blood pressure or heart rate ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1473, 1530 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19755", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 938, 949 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19756", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19757", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "postoperative pain treatment ." ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19758", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "healthy" ], "offsets": [ [ 510, 517 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19759", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "mean age 45 ( SD 8 ) yr" ], "offsets": [ [ 526, 549 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19760", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "undergo uterine surgery through a low transverse incision" ], "offsets": [ [ 564, 621 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "19762", "type": "document", "text": [ "Abstinence incentive effects in a short-term outpatient detoxification program . Despite being widely available , outpatient detoxification has limited efficacy as a stand-alone treatment . This study examined whether abstinence-contingent incentives would improve outcomes for patients entering outpatient opiate detoxification . Participants ( N = 211 ) received a 100 US dollars voucher on the last day of detoxification either contingent on opiate and cocaine abstinence or noncontingently . Urine samples were collected at intake , on Wednesday , Friday ( the last day of detoxification ) , and the following Monday . Among contingent-voucher participants , 31 % were drug-free on Friday compared with 18 % of noncontingent controls ( Z = 2.4 , p < .05 ) . Few ( 12-13 % ) participants tested negative on Monday . Results support the ability of vouchers to produce modest improvements in abstinence initiation rates during brief detoxification but suggest that additional interventions are needed to sustain improvements ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1027 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19763", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "abstinence-contingent incentives" ], "offsets": [ [ 218, 250 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19764", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "contingent-voucher" ], "offsets": [ [ 629, 647 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19765", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Abstinence incentive effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19766", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "opiate detoxification ." ], "offsets": [ [ 307, 330 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19767", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "drug-free" ], "offsets": [ [ 673, 682 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19768", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "modest improvements in abstinence initiation rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 870, 920 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19769", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients entering outpatient opiate detoxification ." ], "offsets": [ [ 278, 330 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "19771", "type": "document", "text": [ "Use of abciximab prior to primary angioplasty in STEMI results in early recanalization of the infarct-related artery and improved myocardial tissue reperfusion - results of the Austrian multi-centre randomized ReoPro-BRIDGING Study . AIMS The aim of the ReoPro-BRIDGING Austrian multi-centre study was to investigate the effects of abciximab ( ReoPro ) on early reperfusion in ST-elevation myocardial infarction prior to or during primary percutaneous coronary angioplasty ( pPCI ) . METHODS AND RESULTS Fifty-five patients with STEMI were randomized either to start abciximab ( 0.25 mg/kg bolus followed by 10 microg/min infusion ) during the organization phase for pPCI ( Group 1 , n=28 ) or immediately before pPCI ( Group 2 , n=27 ) . The time between first bolus of abciximab and first balloon inflation of pPCI was 83+/-18 vs 21+/-13 min in Group 1 vs 2 . The pre-pPCI ST-segment resolution ( 55+/-21.4 % vs 42.4+/-18.2 % , p=0.005 ) , TIMI flow grade 3 ( 29 % vs 7 % , p=0.042 ) , corrected TIMI frame count ( 58.4+/-32.7 vs 78.9+/-28.4 frame , p=0.018 ) % diameter stenosis ( 76.3 /63.5-100/ vs 100 /73.5-100/ ; median /interquartile range/ , p=0.023 ) , were significantly higher in Group 1 vs Group 2 . Quantitative myocardial dye intensity measurement revealed a significantly higher grade of myocardial tissue perfusion ( 1 /0-9.25/ vs 0 /0-3.0/ grey pixel unit , p=0.048 ) in Group 1 before pPCI . Rapid release of cardiac enzymes was observed in Group 1 as compared with Group 2 : rate of rise of CK was 210+/-209 vs 97+/-95 U/l/h ( p=0.015 ) . QRS score indicated a smaller infarct size in Group 1 ( 4.8+/-3.8 vs 7.6+/-3.5 , p=0.011 ) on day 7 . CONCLUSION The use of abciximab in the organization phase for pPCI results in signs of early recanalization of the infarct-related artery and a subsequent improved myocardial tissue reperfusion ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1856 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19772", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "abciximab" ], "offsets": [ [ 7, 16 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19773", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "primary angioplasty" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19774", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "abciximab ( ReoPro )" ], "offsets": [ [ 332, 352 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19775", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "percutaneous coronary angioplasty ( pPCI )" ], "offsets": [ [ 439, 481 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19776", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "abciximab" ], "offsets": [ [ 7, 16 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19777", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "abciximab" ], "offsets": [ [ 7, 16 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19778", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "recanalization of the infarct-related artery" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 116 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19779", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "myocardial tissue reperfusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 130, 159 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19780", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "early reperfusion in ST-elevation myocardial infarction" ], "offsets": [ [ 356, 411 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19781", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "pre-pPCI ST-segment resolution" ], "offsets": [ [ 866, 896 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19782", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "TIMI flow grade 3" ], "offsets": [ [ 942, 959 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19783", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "TIMI frame count" ], "offsets": [ [ 998, 1014 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19784", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "% diameter stenosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1062, 1081 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19785", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "myocardial tissue perfusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 1304, 1331 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19786", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cardiac enzymes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1428, 1443 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19787", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rise of CK" ], "offsets": [ [ 1503, 1513 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19788", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "QRS score" ], "offsets": [ [ 1559, 1568 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19789", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "infarct size" ], "offsets": [ [ 1589, 1601 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19790", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "signs of early recanalization of the infarct-related artery" ], "offsets": [ [ 1739, 1798 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19791", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "myocardial tissue reperfusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 130, 159 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19792", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "STEMI" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19793", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Austrian multi-centre randomized ReoPro-BRIDGING Study ." ], "offsets": [ [ 177, 233 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "19795", "type": "document", "text": [ "Buccal misoprostol to decrease blood loss after vaginal delivery : a randomized trial . OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of buccal misoprostol to decrease bleeding after vaginal delivery . METHODS This was a randomized study of patients between 22 weeks and 42 weeks of gestation with anticipated vaginal delivery . Patients were given either a 200-mug misoprostol tablet or placebo in the buccal space at the time of cord clamping . A continuous dilute intravenous oxytocin infusion was given to all patients at delivery of the placenta . Postpartum hemorrhage was defined as blood loss exceeding 500 mL . Sample size calculations based on previous studies assumed a 13 % incidence of postpartum hemorrhage in the control group . To show a statistically significant reduction of postpartum hemorrhage a total of 1,604 patients would be required in each group . RESULTS A total of 848 patients were enrolled and 756 randomly assigned , 377 in the misoprostol group and 379 in the placebo group . Demographic , antepartum , and intrapartum characteristics were similar between the groups . The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage , 3 % compared with 5 % , ( relative risk 0.65 , 95 % confidence interval 0.33-1.29 , P = .22 ) , mean estimated blood loss , 322 compared with 329 mL , ( P = .45 ) , and mean minutes of the third stage of labor , 6.7 compared with 6.9 ( P = .52 ) were similar between the groups , misoprostol and placebo , respectively . Hemoglobin difference before and after delivery , need for second or third uterotonic agent , and all measured neonatal variables including birth weights , and umbilical cord pH were similar between the groups . CONCLUSION Buccal misoprostol at cord clamping is no more effective than placebo in reducing postpartum hemorrhage ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1779 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19796", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Buccal misoprostol" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 18 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19797", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "buccal misoprostol" ], "offsets": [ [ 124, 142 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19798", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "200-mug misoprostol tablet" ], "offsets": [ [ 345, 371 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19799", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 375, 382 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19800", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oxytocin" ], "offsets": [ [ 466, 474 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19801", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "misoprostol" ], "offsets": [ [ 7, 18 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19802", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 375, 382 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19803", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "misoprostol" ], "offsets": [ [ 7, 18 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19804", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 375, 382 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19805", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Buccal misoprostol" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 18 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19806", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 375, 382 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19807", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19808", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "bleeding" ], "offsets": [ [ 155, 163 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19809", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Postpartum hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 540, 561 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19810", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19811", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "incidence of postpartum hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 673, 707 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19812", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean estimated blood loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 1226, 1251 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19813", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean minutes of the third stage of labor" ], "offsets": [ [ 1299, 1339 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19814", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "postpartum hemorrhage ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1756, 1779 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19815", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "after vaginal delivery :" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19816", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "after vaginal delivery ." ], "offsets": [ [ 164, 188 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19817", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "vaginal delivery" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 64 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19818", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "1,604 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 813, 827 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19819", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "848 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 881, 893 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19820", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "756" ], "offsets": [ [ 912, 915 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19821", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "377 in the misoprostol group" ], "offsets": [ [ 936, 964 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19822", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "379 in the placebo group" ], "offsets": [ [ 969, 993 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19823", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Demographic , antepartum , and intrapartum characteristics were similar between the groups" ], "offsets": [ [ 996, 1086 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "19825", "type": "document", "text": [ "Not Now ! Supporting interruption management by indicating the modality and urgency of pending tasks . Operators in complex event-driven domains must coordinate competing attentional demands in the form of multiple tasks and interactions . This study examined the extent to which this requirement can be supported more effectively through informative interruption cueing ( in this case , partial information about the nature of pending tasks ) . The 48 participants performed a visually demanding air traffic control ( ATC ) task . They were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 experimental groups that differed in the availability of information ( not available , available upon request , available automatically ) about the urgency and modality of pending interruption tasks . Within-subject variables included ATC-related workload and the modality , frequency , and priority of interruption tasks . The results show that advance knowledge about the nature of pending tasks led participants to delay visual interruption tasks the longest , which allowed them to avoid intramodal interference and scanning costs associated with performing these tasks concurrently with ATC tasks . The 3 experimental groups did not differ significantly in terms of their interruption task performance ; however , the group that automatically received task-related information showed better ATC performance , thus experiencing a net performance gain . Actual or potential applications of this research include the design of interfaces in support of attention and interruption management in a wide range of event-driven environments ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1608 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19826", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "visually demanding air traffic control ( ATC ) task" ], "offsets": [ [ 478, 529 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19827", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "." ], "offsets": [ [ 101, 102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19828", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "availability of information ( not available , available upon request , available automatically" ], "offsets": [ [ 611, 705 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19829", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "ATC-related workload" ], "offsets": [ [ 805, 825 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19830", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "modality , frequency , and priority of interruption tasks" ], "offsets": [ [ 834, 891 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19831", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ATC-related workload and the modality , frequency , and priority of interruption tasks ." ], "offsets": [ [ 805, 893 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19832", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "interruption task performance" ], "offsets": [ [ 1247, 1276 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19833", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "48" ], "offsets": [ [ 450, 452 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19834", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "visually demanding air traffic control ( ATC ) task" ], "offsets": [ [ 478, 529 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "19836", "type": "document", "text": [ "Scent and mood state following an anxiety-provoking task . The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of water , lavender , or rosemary scent on physiology and mood state following an anxiety-provoking task . The nonsmoking participants , ages 18-30 years , included 42 women and 31 men who reported demographic information and measures of external temperature and heart rate were taken prior to introduction of an anxiety-eliciting task and exposure to lavender , rosemary , or water scents . Following the task , participants completed the Profile of Mood States to assess mood , and temperature and heart rate were reassessed . Participants rated the pleasantness of the scent received . When pleasantness ratings of scent were covaried , physiological changes in temperature and heart rate did not differ based on scent exposure , but mood ratings differed by scent condition . Participants in the rosemary condition scored higher on measures of tension-anxiety and confusion-bewilderment relative to the lavender and control conditions . The lavender and control conditions showed higher mean vigor-activity ratings relative to the rosemary group , while both rosemary and lavender scents were associated with lower mean ratings on the fatigue-inertia subscale , relative to the control group . These results suggest that , when individual perception of scent pleasantness is controlled , scent has the potential to moderate different aspects of mood following an anxiety-provoking task ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1502 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19837", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "water , lavender , or rosemary scent" ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 150 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19838", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "anxiety-eliciting task" ], "offsets": [ [ 424, 446 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19839", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lavender , rosemary , or water scents" ], "offsets": [ [ 463, 500 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19840", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "physiology and mood state" ], "offsets": [ [ 154, 179 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19841", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "mood" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 14 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19842", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "temperature and heart rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 358, 384 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19843", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "physiological changes in temperature and heart rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 751, 802 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19844", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "mood ratings" ], "offsets": [ [ 848, 860 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19845", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "tension-anxiety and confusion-bewilderment" ], "offsets": [ [ 959, 1001 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19846", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "mean vigor-activity ratings" ], "offsets": [ [ 1102, 1129 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19847", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "mean ratings on the fatigue-inertia subscale" ], "offsets": [ [ 1230, 1274 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "19849", "type": "document", "text": [ "Dual-task-related gait changes in transitionally frail older adults : the type of the walking-associated cognitive task matters . BACKGROUND Changes in gait patterns due to a simultaneously performed cognitive task have been reported previously and associated with an increased falling risk among older adults . Little is known whether the type of cognitive task performed while walking is important concerning possible gait interference in older fall-prone individuals . OBJECTIVE To quantify and compare the effects of two different cognitive tasks on gait in transitionally frail older adults . MEASUREMENTS Gait was tested in 30 transitionally frail older adults ( mean age 82.6 +/- 7.1 years , 90 % female ) while either walking alone , performing a simple arithmetic task , or performing a task of verbal fluency . Walking time in seconds , number of steps , frequency of lateral line stepping-over , and stops were recorded . Health status was assessed using standard instruments of geriatric assessment . The classification of Speechley and Tinetti was used to define the participants ' degree of frailty . RESULTS Walking time and number of steps increased significantly under both dual-task conditions compared to walking alone ( p < 0.001 ) without reaching a significant difference between the two dual-task conditions ( respectively , p = 0.131 and p = 0.407 ) , whereas lateral gait instability ( frequency of lateral line stepping-over ) increased significantly in association with counting backward ( p = 0.006 ) but not with the verbal fluency task ( p = 1 ) . CONCLUSION Among the studied sample of transitional older adults , a walking- associated arithmetic task significantly interfered with lateral gait stability , whereas no lateral gait deviations were seen in association with a verbal fluency task . We , therefore , suggest that the choice of the attention-splitting task in dual-task gait assessment among older adults must be made carefully ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1972 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19850", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "walking-associated cognitive task" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19851", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "simultaneously performed cognitive task" ], "offsets": [ [ 175, 214 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19852", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "cognitive task" ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19853", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "walking alone , performing a simple arithmetic task , or performing a task of verbal fluency" ], "offsets": [ [ 726, 818 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19854", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "walking alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 726, 739 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19855", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "performing a simple arithmetic task" ], "offsets": [ [ 742, 777 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19856", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Walking time in seconds" ], "offsets": [ [ 821, 844 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19857", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "number of steps" ], "offsets": [ [ 847, 862 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19858", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "frequency of lateral line stepping-over , and stops" ], "offsets": [ [ 865, 916 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19859", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Health status" ], "offsets": [ [ 933, 946 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19860", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Walking time" ], "offsets": [ [ 821, 833 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19861", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "number of steps" ], "offsets": [ [ 847, 862 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19862", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "lateral gait instability" ], "offsets": [ [ 1384, 1408 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19863", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "walking- associated arithmetic task" ], "offsets": [ [ 1647, 1682 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19864", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "lateral gait stability" ], "offsets": [ [ 1713, 1735 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19865", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "verbal fluency task" ], "offsets": [ [ 1546, 1565 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19866", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "transitionally frail older adults ." ], "offsets": [ [ 562, 597 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "19868", "type": "document", "text": [ "A placebo controlled crossover trial of liquid fluoxetine on repetitive behaviors in childhood and adolescent autism . Repetitive behaviors are a core symptom domain in autism that has been linked to alterations in the serotonin system . While the selective serotonin-receptive inhibitor fluvoxamine has been shown to be effective in adults with autism , as yet no published placebo controlled trials with these agents document safety and efficacy in children with autism . This study examines the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor liquid fluoxetine in the treatment of repetitive behaviors in childhood and adolescent autism spectrum disorders ( ASDs ) . In total , 45 child or adolescent patients with ASD were randomized into two acute 8-week phases in a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study of liquid fluoxetine . Study design included two randomized 8-week fluoxetine and placebo phases separated by a 4-week washout phase . Outcome measures included measures of repetitive behaviors and global improvement . Low-dose liquid fluoxetine ( mean final dose : 9.9+/-4.35 mg/day ) was superior to placebo in the treatment of repetitive behaviors by CY-BOCS compulsion scale . The effect size was in the moderate to large range , and the doses used were low . Liquid fluoxetine was only slightly , and not significantly , superior to placebo on CGI autism score partially due to a phase order effect . However , fluoxetine was marginally superior to placebo on a composite measure of global effectiveness . Liquid fluoxetine did not significantly differ from placebo on treatment emergent side effects . Liquid fluoxetine in low doses is more effective than placebo in the treatment of repetitive behaviors in childhood autism . Limitations include small sample size and the crossover design of the study . Further replication and long-term maintenance trials are needed ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1887 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19869", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "serotonin-receptive inhibitor fluvoxamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 258, 299 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19870", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 2, 9 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19871", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "serotonin reuptake inhibitor liquid fluoxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 508, 554 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19872", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "liquid fluoxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19873", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluoxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19874", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "liquid fluoxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19875", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 2, 9 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19876", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Liquid fluoxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1275, 1292 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19877", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluoxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19878", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Liquid fluoxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1275, 1292 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19879", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "repetitive behaviors" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 81 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19880", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Repetitive behaviors" ], "offsets": [ [ 119, 139 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19881", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 428, 434 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19882", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 439, 447 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19883", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "repetitive behaviors" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 81 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19884", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "measures of repetitive behaviors" ], "offsets": [ [ 972, 1004 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19885", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "global improvement" ], "offsets": [ [ 1009, 1027 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19886", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "repetitive behaviors" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 81 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19887", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "CY-BOCS compulsion scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 1165, 1189 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19888", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effect size" ], "offsets": [ [ 1196, 1207 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19889", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "CGI autism score" ], "offsets": [ [ 1360, 1376 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19890", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "composite measure of global effectiveness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1478, 1519 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19891", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "treatment emergent side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1585, 1616 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19892", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "repetitive behaviors" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 81 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19893", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "childhood and adolescent" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19894", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autism" ], "offsets": [ [ 110, 116 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19895", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autism spectrum disorders" ], "offsets": [ [ 624, 649 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19896", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "ASDs" ], "offsets": [ [ 652, 656 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19897", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "45" ], "offsets": [ [ 672, 674 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19898", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "child or adolescent" ], "offsets": [ [ 675, 694 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19899", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "ASD" ], "offsets": [ [ 652, 655 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "19901", "type": "document", "text": [ "Histamine intolerance-like symptoms in healthy volunteers after oral provocation with liquid histamine . Histamine in food at non-toxic doses has been proposed to be a major cause of food intolerance causing symptoms like diarrhea , hypotension , headache , pruritus and flush ( \" histamine intolerance \" ) . Histamine-rich foods such as cheese , sausages , sauerkraut , tuna , tomatoes , and alcoholic beverages may contain histamine up to 500 mg/kg . We conducted a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled cross-over study in 10 healthy females ( age range 22-36 years , mean 29.1 +/- 5.4 ) who were hospitalized and challenged on two consecutive days with placebo ( peppermint tea ) or 75 mg of pure histamine ( equaling 124 mg histamine dihydrochloride , dissolved in peppermint tea ) . Objective parameters ( heart rate , blood pressure , skin temperature , peak flow ) as well as a total clinical symptom score using a standardized protocol were recorded at baseline , 10 , 20 , 40 , 80 minutes , and 24 hours . The subjects received a histamine-free diet also low in allergen 24 hours before hospitalization and over the whole observation period . Blood samples were drawn at baseline , 10 , 20 , 40 , and 80 minutes , and histamine and the histamine-degrading enzyme diamine oxidase ( DAO ) were determined . After histamine challenge , 5 of 10 subjects showed no reaction . One individual experienced tachycardia , mild hypotension after 20 minutes , sneezing , itching of the nose , and rhinorrhea after 60 minutes . Four subjects experienced delayed symptoms like diarrhea ( 4x ) , flatulence ( 3x ) , headache ( 3x ) , pruritus ( 2x ) and ocular symptoms ( 1x ) starting 3 to 24 hours after provocation . No subject reacted to placebo . No changes were observed in histamine and DAO levels within the first 80 minutes in non-reactors as well as reactors . There was no difference in challenge with histamine versus challenge with placebo . We conclude that 75 mg of pure liquid oral histamine -- a dose found in normal meals -- can provoke immediate as well as delayed symptoms in 50 % of healthy females without a history of food intolerance ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2163 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19902", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 496, 514 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19903", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo ( peppermint tea )" ], "offsets": [ [ 666, 692 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19904", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "histamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19905", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "histamine-free diet" ], "offsets": [ [ 1049, 1068 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19906", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "no reaction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1376, 1387 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19907", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "tachycardia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1417, 1428 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19908", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mild hypotension after 20 minutes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1431, 1464 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19909", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sneezing" ], "offsets": [ [ 1467, 1475 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19910", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "itching of the nose" ], "offsets": [ [ 1478, 1497 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19911", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rhinorrhea after 60 minutes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1504, 1531 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19912", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "diarrhea ( 4x )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1582, 1597 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19913", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "flatulence ( 3x )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1600, 1617 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19914", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "headache ( 3x )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1620, 1635 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19915", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "pruritus ( 2x )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1638, 1653 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19916", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ocular symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 1658, 1673 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19917", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "histamine and DAO levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1784, 1808 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19918", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Histamine intolerance-like symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19919", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "healthy" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19920", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "10" ], "offsets": [ [ 535, 537 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19921", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "females" ], "offsets": [ [ 546, 553 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19922", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "age range 22-36 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 556, 577 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19923", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "females" ], "offsets": [ [ 546, 553 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "19925", "type": "document", "text": [ "5 % imiquimod cream and reflectance-mode confocal microscopy as adjunct modalities to Mohs micrographic surgery for treatment of basal cell carcinoma . BACKGROUND Imiquimod is an immune response modifier that up-regulates cytokines and has been shown in clinical studies to reduce or clear basal cell carcinoma tumors when applied topically . OBJECTIVE The objectives were to evaluate the efficacy of 5 % imiquimod cream in treating basal cell carcinoma preceding excision by Mohs micrographic surgery and to determine if reflectance-mode confocal microscopy is useful to establish the need for surgical intervention after imiquimod treatment . METHODS Subjects applied study cream to one biopsy-confirmed basal cell carcinoma tumor 5 x/week for 2 , 4 , or 6 weeks in this vehicle-controlled , double-blind study . Confocal microscopy was used for the 6-week treatment group to examine the target tumor area at each interval visit and immediately before Mohs micrographic surgery . After the Mohs micrographic surgery excision , the tissue was evaluated histologically , and the excision area was measured . Confocal microscopy readings were correlated to the histologic diagnosis . RESULTS Tumors cleared or the target tumor area was reduced in subjects in the 4- and 6-week dosing regimens . Confocal microscopy assessments correlated well with the histologic diagnosis . CONCLUSION Imiquimod improved excision results relative to vehicle when used for treating basal cell carcinoma before Mohs micrographic surgery . Confocal microscopy assessments correlated well with tumor response to therapy , suggesting that confocal microscopy may help determine the need for surgery ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1678 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19926", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "imiquimod" ], "offsets": [ [ 4, 13 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19927", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "reflectance-mode confocal microscopy" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19928", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Mohs micrographic surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19929", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Imiquimod" ], "offsets": [ [ 163, 172 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19930", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "imiquimod" ], "offsets": [ [ 4, 13 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19931", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "reflectance-mode confocal microscopy" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19932", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "imiquimod" ], "offsets": [ [ 4, 13 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19933", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Confocal microscopy" ], "offsets": [ [ 815, 834 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19934", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Mohs micrographic surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19935", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Mohs micrographic surgery excision" ], "offsets": [ [ 992, 1026 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19936", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Confocal microscopy" ], "offsets": [ [ 815, 834 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19937", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Confocal microscopy" ], "offsets": [ [ 815, 834 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19938", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Imiquimod" ], "offsets": [ [ 163, 172 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19939", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Mohs micrographic surgery ." ], "offsets": [ [ 954, 981 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19940", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "excision results" ], "offsets": [ [ 1404, 1420 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "19942", "type": "document", "text": [ "Randomized , double-blind , phase III , controlled trial comparing levobupivacaine 0.25 % , ropivacaine 0.25 % and bupivacaine 0.25 % by the caudal route in children . BACKGROUND The rationale for replacing racemic bupivacaine with the s-enantiomers levobupivacaine and ropivacaine is to provide a wider margin of safety with the same analgesic efficacy and less postoperative motor block . In a randomized , double-blind , phase III , controlled trial we compared the caudal administration of levobupivacaine 0.25 % and ropivacaine 0.25 % with bupivacaine 0.25 % in children . METHODS Ninety-nine ASA I-II children less than 10 yr old scheduled for elective sub-umbilical surgery were randomized to receive caudal block with bupivacaine 0.25 % , ropivacaine 0.25 % or levobupivacaine 0.25 % . The primary outcome of the study was the clinical efficacy of the caudal block during the operation . Secondary outcome measures were analgesic onset time , pain relief after the operation and residual motor blockade . RESULTS The proportion of children with effective analgesia during the operation was similar among groups . There were no significant differences in the analgesic onset time of the caudal block . Bupivacaine produced a significant incidence of residual motor block compared with levobupivacaine or ropivacaine at wake-up ( P < 0.01 ) . There were no significant differences in the number of patients receiving rescue analgesia after surgery . However , analgesic block lasted significantly longer in patients receiving bupivacaine ( P=0.03 ) . CONCLUSION During sub-umbilical surgery , caudal levobupivacaine , ropivacaine and bupivacaine provided comparable analgesic efficacy . Bupivacaine produced a higher incidence of residual motor blockade and a longer analgesic block than ropivacaine and levobupivacaine ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1827 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19943", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "levobupivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19944", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ropivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 103 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19945", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bupivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19946", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "racemic bupivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 207, 226 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19947", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "s-enantiomers levobupivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 236, 265 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19948", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ropivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 103 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19949", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "levobupivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19950", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ropivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 103 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19951", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bupivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19952", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bupivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19953", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ropivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 103 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19954", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "levobupivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19955", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "analgesic efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 335, 353 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19956", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "postoperative motor block ." ], "offsets": [ [ 363, 390 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19957", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "clinical efficacy of the caudal block during the operation" ], "offsets": [ [ 835, 893 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19958", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "analgesic onset time ," ], "offsets": [ [ 928, 950 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19959", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain relief after the operation" ], "offsets": [ [ 951, 982 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19960", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "residual motor blockade" ], "offsets": [ [ 987, 1010 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19961", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "residual motor block" ], "offsets": [ [ 987, 1007 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19962", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "analgesic efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 335, 353 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19963", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "incidence of residual motor blockade" ], "offsets": [ [ 1723, 1759 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19964", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "analgesic block" ], "offsets": [ [ 1466, 1481 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19965", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Ninety-nine" ], "offsets": [ [ 586, 597 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19966", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "less than 10" ], "offsets": [ [ 616, 628 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19967", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "sub-umbilical surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 659, 680 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "19969", "type": "document", "text": [ "B-type natriuretic peptide for acute dyspnea in patients with kidney disease : insights from a randomized comparison . BACKGROUND B-type natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) levels are reliably elevated in patients with congestive heart failure ( CHF ) and therefore helpful in its diagnosis . However , kidney disease results in elevated BNP levels independently of CHF . Accordingly , the impact of kidney disease on the benefit of BNP testing needs to be scrutinized . METHODS This study evaluated patients with and without kidney disease [ glomerular filtration rate ( GFR ) less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m ( 2 ) ) presenting with acute dyspnea . A total of 452 consecutive patients ( 240 with kidney disease and 212 without kidney disease ) were randomly assigned to a diagnostic strategy with ( BNP group ) or without ( control group ) the use of BNP levels provided by a rapid bedside assay . RESULTS Patients with kidney disease were older , more often had CHF as the cause of acute dyspnea , and more often died in-hospital or within 30 days as compared to patients without kidney disease . In patients without kidney disease , BNP testing significantly reduced median time to discharge ( from 9.5 days to 2.5 days ) ( P= 0.003 ) and total cost of treatment ( from 7184 dollars to 4151 dollars ) ( P= 0.004 ) . In contrast , in patients with kidney disease , time to discharge and total cost of treatment were similar in both groups . CONCLUSION When applying BNP cut-off values without adjustment for the presence of kidney disease , the use of BNP levels does significantly improve the management of patients without kidney disease , but not of those with kidney disease ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1669 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19970", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "B-type natriuretic peptide" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19971", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "B-type natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 130, 171 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19972", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "BNP" ], "offsets": [ [ 159, 162 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19973", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "BNP testing" ], "offsets": [ [ 425, 436 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19974", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "BNP" ], "offsets": [ [ 159, 162 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19975", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "BNP levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 330, 340 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19976", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "B-type natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 130, 171 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19977", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CHF as the cause of acute dyspnea" ], "offsets": [ [ 951, 984 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19978", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "median time to discharge" ], "offsets": [ [ 1157, 1181 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19979", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "total cost of treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 1229, 1252 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19980", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "BNP levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 330, 340 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19981", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with kidney disease :" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 78 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19982", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with congestive heart failure ( CHF )" ], "offsets": [ [ 197, 243 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19983", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with and without kidney disease [ glomerular filtration rate ( GFR ) less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m ( 2 ) ) presenting with acute dyspnea ." ], "offsets": [ [ 492, 636 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19984", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "452 consecutive patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 648, 672 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19985", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "240 with kidney disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 675, 698 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19986", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "212 without kidney disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 703, 729 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19987", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Patients with kidney disease were older , more often had CHF as the cause of acute dyspnea , and more often died in-hospital or within 30 days as compared to patients without kidney disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 894, 1083 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "19989", "type": "document", "text": [ "Comparative bioavailability of two formulations of terbinafine . Data from a cross-over , randomised , open-label bioequivalence study in healthy volunteers . An open-label , randomised , cross-over single dose study , using 2 periods x 2 sequences , with a minimum washout period of 21 days , was conducted in order to assess the comparative bioavailability of two formulations of terbinafine ( CAS 78628-80-5 ) 250 mg tablets . Plasma samples were obtained at baseline , +0.333 ; 0.667 ; 1.00 ; 1.33 ; 1.67 ; 2.00 ; 2.33 ; 2.67 ; 3.00 ; 3.50 ; 4.00 ; 6.00 ; 8.00 ; 12.0 ; 24.0 ; 36.0 ; 48.0 and 72.0 h post-administration . Terbinafine levels were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography with tandem mass detection ( HPLC-MS/MS ) and the lower limit of quantification was set at 9.99 ng/mL . The pharmacokinetic parameters used for the bioequivalence assessment ( AUClast , AUCinf and Cmax ) were determined from the terbinafine concentration data using non-compartmental analysis . Classical 90 % confidence intervals ( 90CI ) were calculated for the overall sample , and for males and females separately , and gender effects were investigated using an appropriate model . The results showed that overall classical 90CI were 96.08-105.40 % for AUCinf , 95.68-105.33 for AUClast and 88.24-112.83 for Cmax , that is , all within the predefined ranges for bioequivalence acceptance . Separate gender analysis showed very similar results for males and females when analysed independently , and no gender effects were detected ( p > 0.05 for all of the tested model effects ) . It may be therefore concluded that the evaluated formulations are bioequivalent in terms of rate and extent of absorption ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1709 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19990", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "terbinafine" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19991", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "terbinafine ( CAS 78628-80-5 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 382, 412 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19992", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Terbinafine" ], "offsets": [ [ 626, 637 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19993", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Comparative bioavailability" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19994", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "comparative bioavailability" ], "offsets": [ [ 331, 358 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19995", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Plasma samples" ], "offsets": [ [ 430, 444 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19996", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Terbinafine levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 626, 644 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19997", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "high pressure liquid chromatography" ], "offsets": [ [ 664, 699 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19998", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "pharmacokinetic parameters" ], "offsets": [ [ 808, 834 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "19999", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "bioequivalence assessment ( AUClast , AUCinf and Cmax )" ], "offsets": [ [ 848, 903 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20000", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Classical 90 % confidence intervals ( 90CI )" ], "offsets": [ [ 995, 1039 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20001", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "healthy" ], "offsets": [ [ 138, 145 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20002", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "males" ], "offsets": [ [ 1089, 1094 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20003", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "females" ], "offsets": [ [ 1099, 1106 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20004", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "males" ], "offsets": [ [ 1089, 1094 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20005", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "females" ], "offsets": [ [ 1099, 1106 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20007", "type": "document", "text": [ "Efficiency of adjuvant immunochemotherapy following curative resection in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer . BACKGROUND Despite curative resection , 50 % -90 % of gastric cancer patients die of disease relapse . Although some clinical trials have indicated that chemotherapy and immunochemotherapy may be effective modalities , more recent studies have not been able to define the standard treatment for advanced gastric cancer . The present study evaluated the effect of adjuvant immunochemotherapy with the use of BCG ( bacille Calmette-Guerin ) and FAM ( 5-fluorouracil , adriamycin , mitomycin C ) chemotherapy on the survival of patients with locally advanced resectable gastric cancer . METHODS A total of 156 patients with stage III or IV gastric cancer who had undergone curative resection were randomly assigned to three treatment groups : BCG + FAM ( immunochemotherapy ) , FAM ( chemotherapy ) , and control ( surgery only ) . Treatment was continued for 2 years or until death . Further postsurgical follow up was carried on for up to 10 years . RESULTS Overall 10-year survival was 47.1 % for the immunochemotherapy group ( P < 0.037 vs FAM and P < 0.0006 vs control ) , 30 % for the chemotherapy group ( vs control , NS ) , and 15.2 % for the control group . In patients with pT2/T3 primary tumors , 10-year survival was 55.3 % for BCG + FAM vs 28.2 % for FAM ( P < 0.01 ) and 14.6 % for the control group ( P < 0.00018 ) . BCG + FAM significantly improved the survival of patients with intestinal-type but not diffuse-type cancer . Immunochemotherapy was well tolerated . CONCLUSION This study , based on a limited number of patients , indicates that adjuvant immunochemotherapy ( BCG + FAM ) may prolong the survival of gastric cancer patients after curative gastrectomy ; in particular , in patients with pT2/T3 tumors and intestinal-type primary tumors . There was no survival benefit from FAM adjuvant chemotherapy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1948 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20008", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Efficiency of adjuvant immunochemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20009", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "adjuvant immunochemotherapy with the use of" ], "offsets": [ [ 485, 528 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20010", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "BCG ( bacille Calmette-Guerin )" ], "offsets": [ [ 529, 560 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20011", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "FAM" ], "offsets": [ [ 565, 568 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20012", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "5-fluorouracil" ], "offsets": [ [ 571, 585 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20013", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "adriamycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 588, 598 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20014", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "mitomycin C" ], "offsets": [ [ 601, 612 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20015", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20016", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "randomly assigned to three treatment groups : BCG + FAM" ], "offsets": [ [ 816, 871 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20017", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "immunochemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20018", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20019", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "control ( surgery only )" ], "offsets": [ [ 924, 948 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20020", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Further postsurgical follow up was carried on for up to 10 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 1004, 1068 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20021", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "FAM" ], "offsets": [ [ 565, 568 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20022", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20023", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "BCG + FAM" ], "offsets": [ [ 862, 871 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20024", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Efficiency" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 10 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20025", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "disease relapse" ], "offsets": [ [ 207, 222 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20026", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival of patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 635, 655 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20027", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "10-year survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1087, 1103 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20028", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "10-year survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1087, 1103 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20029", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival of patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 635, 655 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20030", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 635, 643 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20031", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival benefit" ], "offsets": [ [ 1899, 1915 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20032", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "gastric cancer ." ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20033", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "gastric cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20034", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "gastric cancer ." ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20035", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "resectable gastric cancer ." ], "offsets": [ [ 678, 705 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20036", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "156" ], "offsets": [ [ 725, 728 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20037", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "stage III or IV gastric cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 743, 773 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20038", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "curative resection" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 70 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20039", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "pT2/T3 primary tumors" ], "offsets": [ [ 1303, 1324 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20040", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "intestinal-type but not diffuse-type cancer ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1514, 1559 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20041", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "gastric cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20042", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "curative gastrectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1779, 1799 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20043", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "pT2/T3 tumors and intestinal-type primary tumors ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1835, 1885 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20045", "type": "document", "text": [ "A randomized , evaluator-blind , multicenter comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of Perlane versus Zyplast in the correction of nasolabial folds . Bovine collagen is widely used as a dermal filler for facial soft-tissue augmentation , but it provides only temporary cosmetic improvement . Nonanimal stabilized hyaluronic acid has reduced potential for immunogenicity and hypersensitivity and may provide a more durable aesthetic result . Sixty-eight patients with prominent nasolabial folds were randomized to intradermal treatment with nonanimal stabilized hyaluronic acid gel ( Perlane ) and bovine collagen ( Zyplast ) on contralateral sides of the face . On achievement of \" optimal cosmetic result \" ( baseline ) , patients were followed up for 6 months ; bilateral retreatment with Perlane was offered at 6 or 9 months after baseline . Responses were evaluated at 2 , 4 , 6 , 9 , and 12 months after baseline . Investigator-based and patient-based ratings indicated that Perlane was more effective than Zyplast in maintaining cosmetic correction . According to investigator-based Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale assessments at 6 and 9 months after baseline , Perlane was superior in 50.0 percent and 48.8 percent of patients , respectively , whereas Zyplast was superior in 10.3 percent and 14.0 percent of patients , respectively ( p < 0.0004 ) . Investigator-based Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale assessment at 9 months after baseline indicated that Perlane was superior in 48.8 percent of patients , whereas Zyplast was superior in 14.0 percent of patients ( p = 0.0025 ) . \" Optimal cosmetic result \" was achieved with a smaller volume of Perlane than Zyplast ( mean , 1.2 ml versus 2.1 ml ) . Local injection-site reactions ( redness , swelling , pruritus , and induration ) were less frequent with Perlane than with Zyplast . Delayed-onset reactions were rare and did not reoccur after Perlane retreatment . Perlane has acceptable long-term safety and offers a longer-lasting aesthetic improvement than Zyplast ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2033 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20046", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Perlane" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 99 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20047", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Zyplast" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20048", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Bovine collagen" ], "offsets": [ [ 155, 170 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20049", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Nonanimal stabilized hyaluronic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 297, 333 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20050", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "intradermal treatment with nonanimal stabilized hyaluronic acid gel ( Perlane )" ], "offsets": [ [ 518, 597 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20051", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bovine collagen ( Zyplast )" ], "offsets": [ [ 602, 629 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20052", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Perlane" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 99 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20053", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Perlane" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 99 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20054", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Zyplast" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20055", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Perlane" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 99 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20056", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Zyplast" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20057", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Perlane" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 99 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20058", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Zyplast" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20059", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Perlane" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 99 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20060", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Zyplast" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20061", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Perlane" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 99 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20062", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Zyplast" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20063", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Perlane" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 99 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20064", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Perlane" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 99 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20065", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Zyplast" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20066", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "optimal cosmetic result" ], "offsets": [ [ 687, 710 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20067", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cosmetic" ], "offsets": [ [ 274, 282 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20068", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "investigator-based Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale assessments" ], "offsets": [ [ 1075, 1135 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20069", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "superior" ], "offsets": [ [ 1183, 1191 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20070", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "superior" ], "offsets": [ [ 1183, 1191 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20071", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale assessment" ], "offsets": [ [ 1379, 1424 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20072", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "superior" ], "offsets": [ [ 1183, 1191 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20073", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "superior" ], "offsets": [ [ 1183, 1191 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20074", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "\" Optimal cosmetic result \"" ], "offsets": [ [ 1592, 1619 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20075", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "smaller volume" ], "offsets": [ [ 1640, 1654 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20076", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "reactions ( redness , swelling , pruritus , and induration )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1734, 1794 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20077", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "long-term safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 1952, 1968 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20078", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "aesthetic improvement" ], "offsets": [ [ 1997, 2018 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20080", "type": "document", "text": [ "Rapeseed and soybean products as protein sources for growing turkeys of different ages . ( 1 ) Apparent ileal and total tract protein digestibilities of rapeseed meal and cake and soybean meal and cake were assayed in growing turkeys at 4 , 8 and 12 weeks of age . ( 2 ) In addition , the effect of killing technique on apparent ileal protein digestibility values obtained by a slaughter method and effect of rapeseed feeding on size of specific organs were studied . ( 3 ) Protein digestibility coefficients of rapeseed products were mostly 0.10 to 0.15 units lower than those of soybean products . Ileal digestibility of protein increased slightly or remained unchanged from 4 to 8 weeks and decreased thereafter . No effect of feed processing method ( meal vs cake ) on ileal digestibility was observed . ( 4 ) Killing the birds by carbon dioxide inhalation and bleeding led to slightly lower ileal digestibility values than mechanical stunning and neck dislocation . ( 5 ) Total tract digestibility of protein decreased from 4 to 8 weeks of age for soybean meal and rapeseed meal but increased for soybean cake and rapeseed cake . From 8 to 12 weeks of age total tract digestibility of protein decreased for all the products tested . ( 6 ) Feed containing rapeseed led to enlargement of thyroid glands and hearts , but did not affect liver size or mortality ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1363 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20081", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "Rapeseed and soybean products" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20082", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "rapeseed meal and cake and soybean meal and cake" ], "offsets": [ [ 153, 201 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20083", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "rapeseed feeding" ], "offsets": [ [ 409, 425 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20084", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "rapeseed products" ], "offsets": [ [ 512, 529 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20085", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "soybean products" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20086", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "." ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20087", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "soybean meal" ], "offsets": [ [ 180, 192 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20088", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "rapeseed meal" ], "offsets": [ [ 153, 166 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20089", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "soybean cake" ], "offsets": [ [ 1102, 1114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20090", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "rapeseed cake" ], "offsets": [ [ 1119, 1132 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20091", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "rapeseed" ], "offsets": [ [ 153, 161 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20092", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Protein digestibility coefficients of rapeseed products" ], "offsets": [ [ 474, 529 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20093", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "liver size or mortality ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1338, 1363 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20094", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "4 , 8 and 12 weeks" ], "offsets": [ [ 237, 255 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20096", "type": "document", "text": [ "Genetic polymorphisms of human flavin monooxygenase 3 in sulindac-mediated primary chemoprevention of familial adenomatous polyposis . PURPOSE Sulindac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ( NSAID ) effective in regressing adenomas in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis ( FAP ) . However , a recent randomized trial showed that sulindac , when compared with placebo , failed to prevent the development of adenomatous polyps in genotypically positive but phenotypically negative FAP patients . The present study determined whether polymorphisms in the gene encoding flavin monooxygenase 3 ( FMO3 ) , a hepatic microsomal enzyme that inactivates sulindac , played a role in determining the efficacy of sulindac in preventing polyposis in this cohort of FAP patients . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Genotyping was performed on seven established FMO3 polymorphisms previously shown to have functional relevance-M66I , P153L , E158K , V257M , E305X , E308G , and R492W-in 21 and 20 FAP patients , who received sulindac and placebo , respectively . RESULTS None of the 41 patients exhibited heterozygous or homozygous M66I and R492W variant alleles , or homozygous P153L , V257M , and E305X variant alleles . Among sulindac-treated patients who did not develop adenomas ( \" responders \" ) , 4 ( 33 % ) were homozygous for E158K and 2 ( 17 % ) were homozygous for E308G variant alleles . In contrast , none of the patients on sulindac who developed adenomas ( \" nonresponders \" ) exhibited homozygosity for either of the two variant alleles . In addition , polymorphisms in the E158K or E308G allele were associated with a significant reduction in mucosal prostanoid levels in patients treated with sulindac . CONCLUSIONS Polymorphisms in FMO3 , particularly at the E158K and E308G loci , may reduce activity in catabolizing sulindac and result in an increased efficacy to prevent polyposis in FAP ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1896 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20097", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sulindac-mediated" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20098", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Sulindac" ], "offsets": [ [ 143, 151 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20099", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sulindac" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20100", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 372, 379 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20101", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sulindac" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20102", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sulindac" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20103", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sulindac" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20104", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 372, 379 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20105", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sulindac-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1213, 1229 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20106", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sulindac" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20107", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sulindac" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20108", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "heterozygous or homozygous M66I and R492W variant alleles , or homozygous P153L , V257M , and E305X variant alleles" ], "offsets": [ [ 1089, 1204 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20109", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "homozygous for E158K" ], "offsets": [ [ 1305, 1325 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20110", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "homozygous for E308G variant alleles" ], "offsets": [ [ 1346, 1382 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20111", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "homozygosity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1487, 1499 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20112", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mucosal prostanoid levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1645, 1670 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20114", "type": "document", "text": [ "Slotted versus non-slotted locked intramedullary nailing for femoral shaft fractures . Experimentally , two slotted nails , the Grosse-Kempf nail and the AO/ASIF universal femoral nail , were compared to the non-slotted Grosse-Kempf nail and control bone using a cadaver femoral osteotomy . The stiffnesses and strengths of the osteotomies fixed with slotted nails in 10-30 degrees torsion were 6-8 % and the values of non-slotted nails 40 % of control bone . The maximal moments were 14-18 % and 48 % , respectively . In the \" clinical range \" of torsion , the implant-bone construct never failed or was deformed . Clinically , 46 femoral shaft fractures were randomized to treatment with Gross-Kempf nails , 24 with slotted nails and 22 with non-slotted nails . Four complications in the slotted nail group and three in the non-slotted nail group were considered to be independent of the choice of nail and did not affect the end result . Three splinterings of the distal fragment , one resulting in a change of the osteosynthesis implant to a condylar plate , were considered to result from the high stiffness of the non-slotted nail . Osteosynthesis of femoral shaft fractures using slotted nails has not resulted in healing disturbances , which could be accounted for by the high torsional elasticity of the nail ; there seems to be no indication for high-stiffness nails in femoral fractures ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1399 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20115", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Slotted versus non-slotted locked intramedullary nailing" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20116", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "two slotted nails , the Grosse-Kempf nail" ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 145 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20117", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "AO/ASIF universal femoral nail" ], "offsets": [ [ 154, 184 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20118", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "non-slotted Grosse-Kempf nail" ], "offsets": [ [ 208, 237 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20119", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "control bone" ], "offsets": [ [ 242, 254 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20120", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "cadaver femoral osteotomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 263, 288 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20121", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "slotted nails" ], "offsets": [ [ 108, 121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20122", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Gross-Kempf nails" ], "offsets": [ [ 690, 707 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20123", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "slotted nails" ], "offsets": [ [ 108, 121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20124", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "non-slotted nails" ], "offsets": [ [ 419, 436 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20125", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "stiffnesses and strengths of the osteotomies fixed" ], "offsets": [ [ 295, 345 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20126", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "maximal moments" ], "offsets": [ [ 464, 479 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20127", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "implant-bone construct" ], "offsets": [ [ 562, 584 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20128", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 769, 782 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20129", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "splinterings of the distal fragment" ], "offsets": [ [ 947, 982 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20130", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "change of the osteosynthesis implant" ], "offsets": [ [ 1004, 1040 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20131", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "cadaver femoral osteotomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 263, 288 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20132", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "46" ], "offsets": [ [ 629, 631 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20133", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "femoral shaft fractures" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 84 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20134", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "24" ], "offsets": [ [ 710, 712 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20135", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "slotted nails" ], "offsets": [ [ 108, 121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20136", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "22" ], "offsets": [ [ 736, 738 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20137", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "non-slotted nails" ], "offsets": [ [ 419, 436 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20138", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "femoral fractures" ], "offsets": [ [ 1380, 1397 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20140", "type": "document", "text": [ "Group-based HIV risk reduction intervention for adolescent girls : evidence of feasibility and efficacy . The purposes of this pilot study were ( a ) to assess the feasibility of a community-based , small group HIV risk reduction intervention with adolescent girls , and ( b ) to obtain preliminary evidence of the efficacy of this theoretically-guided intervention using a controlled design . The feasibility of the intervention was demonstrated by successfully implementing it with 33 sexually-active , single girls . Preliminary evidence of the efficacy of the intervention was obtained using a randomized trial with 62 sexually-active , single girls . Data obtained at a 3-month follow-up assessment showed that girls who received the HIV-related intervention improved their HIV-related knowledge and enhanced their motivation for risk reduction compared to girls who received a control ( health promotion ) intervention . Effect sizes suggest that the HIV intervention also reduced several risk behaviors ( e.g. , vaginal sex without a condom , giving oral sex , and alcohol and drug use before sex ) . Challenges to implementation and suggestions for intervention enhancement are discussed ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1197 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20141", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "theoretically-guided intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 332, 365 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20142", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control ( health promotion ) intervention ." ], "offsets": [ [ 883, 926 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20143", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "feasibility" ], "offsets": [ [ 79, 90 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20144", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 103 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20145", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "HIV-related knowledge" ], "offsets": [ [ 779, 800 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20146", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "motivation for risk reduction" ], "offsets": [ [ 820, 849 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20147", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 927, 933 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20148", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "reduced several risk behaviors" ], "offsets": [ [ 979, 1009 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20149", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "vaginal sex without a condom" ], "offsets": [ [ 1019, 1047 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20150", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "giving oral sex" ], "offsets": [ [ 1050, 1065 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20151", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "alcohol and drug use before sex" ], "offsets": [ [ 1072, 1103 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20152", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "adolescent girls :" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20153", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "adolescent girls" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 64 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20155", "type": "document", "text": [ "Evaluation of apical sealing ability and adaptation to dentine of two resin-based sealers . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the apical sealing ability and adaptation to dentine of two resin-based root canal sealers . The root canals of 55 human maxillary anterior teeth were prepared using a step-back technique and the smear layer removed with 17 % ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid . The teeth were divided into two groups of 25 teeth and the remaining five teeth served as control . Then the teeth were prepared and obturated with gutta-percha by a lateral condensation and either AH plus and EndoRez used as a sealer . Twenty teeth from each group were used for the apical leakage test and the remaining five teeth from each group were used for examination under the scanning electron microscope ( SEM ) . For apical leakage test , teeth were covered with nail varnish and sticky wax to within 1 mm of the apical foramen and placed in 2 % methylene blue for 7 days . After this period , the teeth were sectioned longitudinally and apical leakage measurements made . The mean value of dye penetration for AH plus was 2.87 +/- 0.43 mm , while that of EndoRez was 4.54 +/- 0.36 mm . The difference between mean of dye penetration was statistically significant ( P < 0.01 ) . The SEM examination showed both sealers had better adaptation and penetration in coronal and middle thirds than apical third of root canal . In apical third , AH plus was adapted better adpated to dentine than EndoRez . In conclusion , AH plus sealer has better apical sealing ability and adaptation to dentine than EndoRez sealer ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1616 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20156", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "two resin-based sealers" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 89 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20157", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "two resin-based root canal sealers" ], "offsets": [ [ 190, 224 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20158", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "prepared and obturated with gutta-percha by a lateral condensation" ], "offsets": [ [ 514, 580 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20159", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "AH plus" ], "offsets": [ [ 592, 599 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20160", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "EndoRez" ], "offsets": [ [ 604, 611 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20161", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "teeth were covered with nail varnish and sticky wax to within 1 mm of the apical foramen and placed in 2 % methylene blue for 7 days" ], "offsets": [ [ 844, 976 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20162", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "the teeth were sectioned longitudinally" ], "offsets": [ [ 999, 1038 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20163", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "AH plus" ], "offsets": [ [ 592, 599 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20164", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "EndoRez" ], "offsets": [ [ 604, 611 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20165", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "AH plus" ], "offsets": [ [ 592, 599 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20166", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "EndoRez" ], "offsets": [ [ 604, 611 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20167", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "AH plus sealer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1520, 1534 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20168", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "EndoRez sealer ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1600, 1616 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20169", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "dye penetration for AH plus" ], "offsets": [ [ 1096, 1123 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20170", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "dye penetration" ], "offsets": [ [ 1096, 1111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20171", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "adaptation and penetration in coronal and middle thirds" ], "offsets": [ [ 1335, 1390 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20172", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "better apical sealing ability" ], "offsets": [ [ 1539, 1568 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20173", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "root canals" ], "offsets": [ [ 231, 242 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20174", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "55" ], "offsets": [ [ 246, 248 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20176", "type": "document", "text": [ "A home visiting asthma education program : challenges to program implementation . This study describes the implementation of a nurse home visiting asthma education program for low-income African American families of young children with asthma . Of 55 families , 71 % completed the program consisting of eight lessons . The achievement of learning objectives was predicted by caregiver factors , such as education , presence of father or surrogate father in the household , and safety of the neighborhood , but not by child factors , such as age or severity of asthma as implied by the prescribed asthma medication regimen . Incompatibility between the scheduling needs of the families and the nurse home visitors was a major obstacle in delivering the program on time , despite the flexibility of the nurse home visitors . The authors suggest that future home-based asthma education programs contain a more limited number of home visits but add telephone follow-ups and address the broader needs of low-income families that most likely function as barriers to program success ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1077 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20177", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "home visiting asthma education program" ], "offsets": [ [ 2, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20178", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "nurse home visiting asthma education program" ], "offsets": [ [ 127, 171 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20179", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "home-based asthma education programs" ], "offsets": [ [ 855, 891 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20180", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "achievement of learning objectives" ], "offsets": [ [ 323, 357 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20181", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "caregiver factors , such as education , presence of father or surrogate father in the household , and safety of the neighborhood" ], "offsets": [ [ 375, 503 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20182", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "child factors" ], "offsets": [ [ 517, 530 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20183", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "age" ], "offsets": [ [ 541, 544 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20184", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "severity of asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 548, 566 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20185", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "number of home visits" ], "offsets": [ [ 915, 936 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20186", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 222, 230 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20187", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20188", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "55" ], "offsets": [ [ 248, 250 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20189", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "71 %" ], "offsets": [ [ 262, 266 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20191", "type": "document", "text": [ "Efficacy , safety , and steady-state pharmacokinetics of once-a-day controlled-release morphine ( MS Contin XL ) in cancer pain . The efficacy , safety , and pharmacokinetics of a novel once-daily morphine formulation ( OAD morphine ) and a 12-hourly formulation ( twice-daily CR morphine ) were compared in a double-blind , multi-centered crossover study . Chronic cancer pain patients ( n=25 ) were randomized to OAD morphine ( mean 238 +/- 319 mg q24h ) or twice-daily CR morphine ( mean 119 +/- 159 mg q12h ) for one week . They then crossed over to the alternate drug , which also was taken for one week . There was no difference between treatments for evaluations of overall pain intensity , analgesic efficacy , or adverse events . However , whereas pain scores increased during the day on twice-daily CR morphine ( P=0.0108 ) , they remained stable on OAD morphine . Most patients ( 68 % ) chose once-daily dosing for continuing pain management ( P=0.015 ) . The AUC ratio was 100.3 % , indicating equivalent absorption . Fluctuation indices were 93.5 +/- 28.8 % and 179.3 +/- 41.3 % ( P=0.0001 ) for OAD morphine and twice-daily CR morphine , respectively . OAD morphine provides analgesia similar to twice-daily CR morphine with reduced fluctuation in plasma morphine concentration and more stable pain control ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1322 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20192", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "morphine" ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 95 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20193", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "morphine formulation ( OAD morphine )" ], "offsets": [ [ 197, 234 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20194", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "morphine" ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 95 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20195", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "OAD morphine" ], "offsets": [ [ 220, 232 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20196", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "twice-daily CR morphine" ], "offsets": [ [ 265, 288 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20197", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "morphine" ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 95 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20198", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "morphine" ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 95 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20199", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "morphine" ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 95 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20200", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "morphine" ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 95 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20201", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Efficacy , safety , and steady-state pharmacokinetics" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20202", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy , safety , and pharmacokinetics" ], "offsets": [ [ 134, 174 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20203", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "overall pain intensity" ], "offsets": [ [ 673, 695 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20204", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "analgesic efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 698, 716 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20205", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "adverse events" ], "offsets": [ [ 722, 736 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20206", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 757, 768 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20207", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain management" ], "offsets": [ [ 937, 952 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20208", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "AUC ratio" ], "offsets": [ [ 971, 980 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20209", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Fluctuation indices" ], "offsets": [ [ 1030, 1049 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20210", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fluctuation in plasma morphine concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 1247, 1291 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20211", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain control" ], "offsets": [ [ 1308, 1320 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20212", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "cancer pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 116, 127 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20213", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Chronic cancer pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 358, 377 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20214", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "n=25" ], "offsets": [ [ 389, 393 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20216", "type": "document", "text": [ "Low-dose , vaginally administered estrogens may enhance local benefits of systemic therapy in the treatment of urogenital atrophy in postmenopausal women on hormone therapy . BACKGROUND When genital atrophy exists , systemic hormone therapy ( HT ) has a timing until to induce vaginal proliferation and symptomatic relieve . Thus , in order to obtain a prompt improvement , the association of local therapy acting on the genital epithelium to the systemic treatment should be considered . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of a combined therapy consisting of vaginal estriol with transdermal 17-beta-estradiol ( 50 microg/day ) plus medroxyprogesterone acetate ( 5 mg/day ) per os in shortening the period of uro-genital symptoms . SUBJECTS AND METHODS In a randomized , double blind , controlled with placebo study , 27 women with climacteric symptoms and atrophic vaginitis were treated for 4 months with HT plus vaginal estriol 0.5 mg/day ( group E ) or placebo ( group P ) . Patients use the local medication daily for the first 3 weeks and twice-weekly thereafter . Before entering in the study , patients were asked about HT and selected for inclusion . In the first visit , electible patients after written informed consent were randomized to receive HT plus local estriol or placebo . All the subjects had baseline studies , including medical history , physical examination , blood and urine analysis . In order to evaluate the effect of local treatment on urinary and genital symptoms , a score for genital , urinary and colposcopic complaints ( 0 minimum-100 maximum ) was developed . This score and Blatt-Kuperman were recorded and performed in every control . RESULTS There were no differences on climacteric symptoms relief between the two groups . Additionally , the improvement in urinary symptoms at the end of the study was similar for both groups ( from 16.5 +/- 6.1 to 8.5 +/- 2.4 for E group and from 15.8 +/- 7.8 to 8.8 +/- 2.7 for P group ; P < 0.01 versus basal ) ; however , those women in group E reached significant improvement on urinary complaints since the first month of treatment . Additionally , a significant difference between E and P was observed at months 2 and 3 , although no differences were detected at the end of the study . Papanicolaou smear showed reactive or reparative changes and karyopyknotic index exhibited a significant increase in superficial cells in both groups and at the end of the study . CONCLUSIONS Adding vaginal estriol to HRT may shorten the latency period for urinary symptoms ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2541 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20217", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "estrogens" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20218", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "systemic hormone therapy ( HT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 216, 247 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20219", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 802, 809 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20220", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "HT plus vaginal estriol 0.5 mg/day" ], "offsets": [ [ 907, 941 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20221", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 802, 809 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20222", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "HT plus local estriol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1258, 1279 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20223", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 802, 809 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20224", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "no differences on climacteric symptoms relief between the two groups" ], "offsets": [ [ 1691, 1759 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20225", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "improvement in urinary symptoms at the end of the study" ], "offsets": [ [ 1781, 1836 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20226", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "significant improvement on urinary complaints" ], "offsets": [ [ 2030, 2075 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20227", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "superficial cells" ], "offsets": [ [ 2383, 2400 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20228", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "urogenital atrophy" ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 129 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20229", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "postmenopausal" ], "offsets": [ [ 133, 147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20230", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 148, 153 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20231", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "on hormone therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 154, 172 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20232", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "27" ], "offsets": [ [ 818, 820 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20233", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 148, 153 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20234", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "climacteric symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 832, 852 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20235", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "atrophic vaginitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 857, 875 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20237", "type": "document", "text": [ "Skeletal muscle total creatine content and creatine transporter gene expression in vegetarians prior to and following creatine supplementation . This study examined the effect of vegetarianism on skeletal muscle total creatine ( TCr ) content and creatine transporter ( CreaT ) gene expression , prior to and during 5 d of Cr supplementation ( CrS ) . In a double-blind , crossover design , 7 vegetarians ( VEG ) and nonvegetarians ( NVEG ) were assigned Cr or placebo supplements for 5 d and after 5 wk , received the alternative treatment . Muscle sampling occurred before , and after 1 and 5 d of treatment ingestion . Basal muscle TCr content was lower ( P < 0.05 ) in VEG compared with NVEG . Muscle TCr increased ( P < 0.05 ) throughout the Cr trial in both groups but was greater ( P < 0.05 ) in VEG compared with NVEG , at days 1 and 5 . CreaT gene expression was not different between VEG and NVEG . The results indicate that VEG have a lower muscle TCr content and an increased capacity to load Cr into muscle following CrS . Muscle CreaT gene expression does not appear to be affected by vegetarianism ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1114 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20238", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "creatine supplementation" ], "offsets": [ [ 118, 142 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20239", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Cr supplementation ( CrS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 323, 349 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20240", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Cr" ], "offsets": [ [ 230, 232 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20241", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo supplements" ], "offsets": [ [ 461, 480 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20242", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Muscle sampling" ], "offsets": [ [ 543, 558 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20243", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Cr" ], "offsets": [ [ 230, 232 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20244", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CrS" ], "offsets": [ [ 344, 347 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20245", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "skeletal muscle total creatine ( TCr ) content" ], "offsets": [ [ 196, 242 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20246", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "creatine transporter ( CreaT ) gene expression" ], "offsets": [ [ 247, 293 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20247", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Basal muscle TCr" ], "offsets": [ [ 622, 638 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20248", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CreaT gene expression" ], "offsets": [ [ 846, 867 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20249", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "muscle TCr content" ], "offsets": [ [ 628, 646 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20250", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "capacity" ], "offsets": [ [ 988, 996 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20251", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Muscle CreaT gene expression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1036, 1064 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20252", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "vegetarians" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20254", "type": "document", "text": [ "Etanercept plus standard therapy for Wegener 's granulomatosis . BACKGROUND The majority of patients with Wegener 's granulomatosis have disease flares after conventional medications are tapered . There is no consistently safe , effective treatment for the maintenance of remission . METHODS We conducted a randomized , placebo-controlled trial at eight centers to evaluate etanercept for the maintenance of remission in 180 patients with Wegener 's granulomatosis . The primary outcome was sustained remission , defined as a Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score for Wegener 's Granulomatosis of 0 for at least six months ( scores can range from 0 to 67 , with higher scores indicating more active disease ) . In addition to etanercept or placebo , patients received standard therapy ( glucocorticoids plus cyclophosphamide or methotrexate ) . After remission , standard medications were tapered according to the protocol . RESULTS The mean follow-up for the overall cohort was 27 months . Of the 174 patients who could be evaluated , 126 ( 72.4 percent ) had a sustained remission , but only 86 ( 49.4 percent ) remained in remission for the remainder of the trial . There were no significant differences between the etanercept and control groups in the rates of sustained remission ( 69.7 percent vs. 75.3 percent , P=0.39 ) , sustained periods of low-level disease activity ( 86.5 percent vs. 90.6 percent , P=0.32 ) , or the time required to achieve those measures . Disease flares were common in both groups , with 118 flares in the etanercept group ( 23 severe and 95 limited ) and 134 in the control group ( 25 severe and 109 limited ) . There was no significant difference between the etanercept and control groups in the relative risk of disease flares per 100 person-years of follow-up ( 0.89 , P=0.54 ) . During the study , 56.2 percent of patients in the etanercept group and 57.1 percent of those in the control group had at least one severe or life-threatening adverse event or died ( P=0.90 ) . Solid cancers developed in six patients in the etanercept group , as compared with none in the control group ( P=0.01 ) . CONCLUSIONS Etanercept is not effective for the maintenance of remission in patients with Wegener 's granulomatosis . Durable remissions were achieved in only a minority of the patients , and there was a high rate of treatment-related complications ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2382 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20255", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Etanercept plus standard therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20256", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 320, 338 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20257", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "etanercept" ], "offsets": [ [ 374, 384 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20258", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "etanercept" ], "offsets": [ [ 374, 384 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20259", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 320, 327 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20260", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "standard therapy ( glucocorticoids plus cyclophosphamide or methotrexate ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 767, 843 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20261", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "standard medications" ], "offsets": [ [ 862, 882 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20262", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "etanercept" ], "offsets": [ [ 374, 384 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20263", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "etanercept" ], "offsets": [ [ 374, 384 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20264", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control group" ], "offsets": [ [ 1233, 1246 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20265", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "etanercept" ], "offsets": [ [ 374, 384 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20266", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "etanercept" ], "offsets": [ [ 374, 384 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20267", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "etanercept" ], "offsets": [ [ 374, 384 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20268", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Etanercept" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 10 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20269", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "sustained remission" ], "offsets": [ [ 491, 510 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20270", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "sustained remission" ], "offsets": [ [ 491, 510 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20271", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "remission" ], "offsets": [ [ 272, 281 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20272", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rates of sustained remission" ], "offsets": [ [ 1255, 1283 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20273", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "low-level disease activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1350, 1376 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20274", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Disease flares" ], "offsets": [ [ 1471, 1485 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20275", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "relative risk of disease flares" ], "offsets": [ [ 1730, 1761 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20276", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "severe or life-threatening adverse event" ], "offsets": [ [ 1948, 1988 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20277", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "died" ], "offsets": [ [ 1992, 1996 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20278", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Solid cancers" ], "offsets": [ [ 2010, 2023 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20279", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "maintenance of remission" ], "offsets": [ [ 257, 281 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20280", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Durable remissions" ], "offsets": [ [ 2250, 2268 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20282", "type": "document", "text": [ "Spinal 2-chloroprocaine : the effect of added clonidine . Preservative-free 2-chloroprocaine ( 2-CP ) is being investigated for short-acting spinal anesthesia . Clonidine improves the quality of spinal bupivacaine and ropivacaine , but in traditional doses ( 1-2 microg/kg ) it produces systemic side effects . It has not been studied in combination with 2-CP . In this double-blind , randomized crossover study , we compared spinal 2-CP ( 30 mg ) with and without clonidine ( 15 microg ) in eight volunteers . Pinprick anesthesia , motor strength , tolerance to electrical stimulation and thigh tourniquet , and time to ambulation were assessed . Peak block height was similar between 2-CP ( T8 [ range , T6 to L2 ] ) and 2-CP with clonidine ( T8 [ range , T4 to T11 ] ) ( P = 0.57 ) . Sensory anesthesia was prolonged with clonidine at L1 ( 51 +/- 23 min versus 76 +/- 11 min ; P = 0.002 ) , as was complete block regression ( 99 +/- 18 min versus 131 +/- 15 min ; P = 0.001 ) . Lower extremity motor blockade was increased with clonidine ( return to baseline Bromage score : 65 +/- 13 min versus 79 +/- 19 min , P = 0.004 ; return to 90 % gastrocnemius strength : P = 0.003 ) . Clonidine increased tourniquet tolerance from 33 to 45 min ( P = 0.06 ) and increased time to ambulation , spontaneous voiding , and discharge ( 99 +/- 18 min versus 131 +/- 15 min for all ; P = 0.001 ) . There were no differences in hemodynamic measurements , and no subject reported transient neurologic symptoms . We conclude that small-dose clonidine increases the duration and improves the quality of 2-CP spinal anesthesia without systemic side effects ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1641 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20283", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "2-chloroprocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 7, 23 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20284", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "clonidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20285", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "2-chloroprocaine ( 2-CP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 101 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20286", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Clonidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 161, 170 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20287", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bupivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 202, 213 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20288", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ropivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 218, 229 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20289", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "2-CP" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 99 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20290", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "spinal 2-CP" ], "offsets": [ [ 426, 437 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20291", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "with and without clonidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 448, 474 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20292", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "clonidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20293", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "clonidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20294", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Clonidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 161, 170 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20295", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "clonidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20296", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "spinal bupivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 195, 213 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20297", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "ropivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 218, 229 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20298", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Pinprick anesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 511, 530 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20299", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ ", motor strength , tolerance to electrical stimulation and thigh tourniquet , and" ], "offsets": [ [ 531, 612 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20300", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "time to ambulation" ], "offsets": [ [ 613, 631 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20301", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Peak block height" ], "offsets": [ [ 648, 665 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20302", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Sensory anesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 787, 805 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20303", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "complete block regression" ], "offsets": [ [ 901, 926 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20304", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Lower extremity motor blockade" ], "offsets": [ [ 981, 1011 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20305", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "gastrocnemius strength :" ], "offsets": [ [ 1142, 1166 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20306", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tourniquet tolerance" ], "offsets": [ [ 1201, 1221 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20307", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "time to ambulation , spontaneous voiding , and discharge" ], "offsets": [ [ 1267, 1323 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20308", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hemodynamic measurements" ], "offsets": [ [ 1415, 1439 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20309", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "transient neurologic symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 1466, 1495 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20310", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "quality of 2-CP spinal anesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1576, 1609 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20311", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "systemic side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 287, 308 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20312", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "eight" ], "offsets": [ [ 492, 497 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20314", "type": "document", "text": [ "Pilot study of a moderate dose multivitamin/mineral supplement for children with autistic spectrum disorder . OBJECTIVE Determine the effect of a moderate dose multivitamin/mineral supplement on children with autistic spectrum disorder . DESIGN Randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled 3-month study . SUBJECTS Twenty ( 20 ) children with autistic spectrum disorder , ages 3-8 years . RESULTS A Global Impressions parental questionnaire found that the supplement group reported statistically significant improvements in sleep and gastrointestinal problems compared to the placebo group . An evaluation of vitamin B ( 6 ) levels prior to the study found that the autistic children had substantially elevated levels of B6 compared to a control group of typical children ( 75 % higher , p < 0.0000001 ) . Vitamin C levels were measured at the end of the study , and the placebo group had levels that were significantly below average for typical children , whereas the supplement group had near-average levels . DISCUSSION The finding of high vitamin B ( 6 ) levels is consistent with recent reports of low levels of pyridoxal-5-phosphate and low activity of pyridoxal kinase ( i.e. , pyridoxal is only poorly converted to pyridoxal-5-phosphate , the enzymatically active form ) . This may explain the functional need for high-dose vitamin B ( 6 ) supplementation in many children and adults with autism ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1407 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20315", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "moderate dose multivitamin/mineral supplement" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20316", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "multivitamin/mineral supplement" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20317", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 273, 291 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20318", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 273, 280 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20319", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vitamin B ( 6 ) supplementation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1334, 1365 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20320", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "statistically significant improvements" ], "offsets": [ [ 484, 522 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20321", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sleep and gastrointestinal problems" ], "offsets": [ [ 526, 561 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20322", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "vitamin B ( 6 ) levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 611, 633 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20323", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "substantially elevated levels of B6" ], "offsets": [ [ 690, 725 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20324", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Vitamin C levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 808, 824 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20325", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "high vitamin B ( 6 ) levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1040, 1067 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20326", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "levels of pyridoxal-5-phosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1109, 1140 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20327", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "activity of pyridoxal kinase" ], "offsets": [ [ 1149, 1177 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20328", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "children with autistic spectrum disorder ." ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20329", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autistic children" ], "offsets": [ [ 668, 685 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20331", "type": "document", "text": [ "Postoperative magnesium sulphate infusion reduces analgesic requirements in spinal anaesthesia . BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Magnesium sulphate infusion during general anaesthesia reduces anaesthetic consumption and analgesic requirements . The aim of this study was to assess the effects of postoperative magnesium infusion on duration of block , sedation and analgesic consumption after spinal anaesthesia . METHODS Fifty ASA I-II patients were included in the randomized double blind study . Spinal anaesthesia was performed at L3-4 or L4-5 interspace with 12.5 mg 0.5 % heavy bupivacaine , using a 25 G Quincke needle . Patients received a 5 mg kg ( -1 ) bolus of magnesium sulphate followed by a 500 mg h ( -1 ) infusion or saline in the same volumes for 24 h. Time to first pain , analgesic request , return of motor function , visual analogue pain and sedation scores were evaluated every 4 h during the 24 h postoperative period . The t- and U-tests were used for statistical analyses . Data were expressed as mean +/- SD , with P < 0.05 being considered significant . RESULTS Vital signs were stable during spinal anaesthesia and postoperative period . When compared to the control group , time to analgesic need was increased and total analgesic consumption was reduced in the magnesium group ( meperidine consumption 60.0 +/- 73.1 mg control group , 31.8 +/- 30.7 mg magnesium group , P = 0.02 ) . CONCLUSIONS Magnesium sulphate infusion may be used as an adjunct for reducing analgesic consumption after spinal anaesthesia ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1534 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20332", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "magnesium sulphate infusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20333", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Magnesium sulphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 141 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20334", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "magnesium" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 23 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20335", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Spinal anaesthesia was performed at L3-4 or L4-5 interspace with 12.5 mg 0.5 % heavy bupivacaine , using a 25 G Quincke needle" ], "offsets": [ [ 493, 619 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20336", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "5 mg kg ( -1 ) bolus of magnesium sulphate followed by a 500 mg h ( -1 ) infusion or saline" ], "offsets": [ [ 642, 733 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20337", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Magnesium sulphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 141 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20338", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "anaesthetic consumption" ], "offsets": [ [ 186, 209 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20339", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "analgesic requirements ." ], "offsets": [ [ 214, 238 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20340", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "duration of block , sedation and analgesic consumption" ], "offsets": [ [ 326, 380 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20341", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "Time to first pain , analgesic request" ], "offsets": [ [ 764, 802 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20342", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "return of motor function" ], "offsets": [ [ 805, 829 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20343", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "visual analogue pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 832, 852 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20344", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sedation scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 857, 872 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20345", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Vital signs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1083, 1094 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20346", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "time to analgesic need" ], "offsets": [ [ 1197, 1219 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20347", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "total analgesic consumption" ], "offsets": [ [ 1238, 1265 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20348", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "analgesic consumption" ], "offsets": [ [ 359, 380 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20349", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Fifty" ], "offsets": [ [ 416, 421 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20350", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "ASA I-II patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 422, 439 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20351", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "after spinal anaesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 381, 405 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20353", "type": "document", "text": [ "A phase III , double-blind , placebo-controlled , multicenter study on the efficacy of recombinant human antithrombin in heparin-resistant patients scheduled to undergo cardiac surgery necessitating cardiopulmonary bypass . BACKGROUND The study evaluated the efficacy of recombinant human antithrombin ( rhAT ) for restoring heparin responsiveness in heparin resistant patients undergoing cardiac surgery . METHODS This was a multicenter , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study in heparin-resistant patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass . Heparin resistance was diagnosed when the activated clotting time was less than 480 s after 400 U/kg heparin . Fifty-four heparin-resistant patients were randomized . One cohort received 75 U/kg rhAT , and the other received normal saline . If the activated clotting time remained less than 480 s , this was considered treatment failure , and 2 units fresh frozen plasma was transfused . Patients were monitored for adverse events . RESULTS Only 19 % of patients in the rhAT group received fresh frozen plasma , compared with 81 % of patients in the placebo group ( P < 0.001 ) . During their hospitalization , 48 % of patients in the rhAT group received fresh frozen plasma , compared with 85 % of patients in the placebo group ( P = 0.009 ) . Patients in the placebo group required higher heparin doses ( P < 0.005 ) for anticoagulation . There was no increase in serious adverse events associated with rhAT . There was increased blood loss 12 h postoperatively ( P = 0.05 ) with a trend toward increased 24-h bleeding in the rhAT group ( P = 0.06 ) . There was no difference between the groups in blood and platelet transfusions . CONCLUSION Treatment with 75 U/kg rhAT is effective in restoring heparin responsiveness and promoting therapeutic anticoagulation in the majority of heparin-resistant patients . Treating heparin-resistant patients with rhAT may decrease the requirement for heparin and fresh frozen plasma ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2004 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20354", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20355", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "recombinant human antithrombin" ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 117 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20356", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "recombinant human antithrombin ( rhAT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 271, 310 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20357", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Heparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 580, 587 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20358", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "heparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 121, 128 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20359", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "received 75 U/kg rhAT" ], "offsets": [ [ 758, 779 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20360", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "received normal saline" ], "offsets": [ [ 796, 818 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20361", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rhAT" ], "offsets": [ [ 304, 308 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20362", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20363", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rhAT" ], "offsets": [ [ 304, 308 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20364", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20365", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "heparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 121, 128 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20366", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rhAT" ], "offsets": [ [ 304, 308 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20367", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rhAT" ], "offsets": [ [ 304, 308 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20368", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rhAT" ], "offsets": [ [ 304, 308 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20369", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rhAT" ], "offsets": [ [ 304, 308 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20370", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "heparin responsiveness" ], "offsets": [ [ 325, 347 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20371", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "no increase in serious adverse events" ], "offsets": [ [ 1431, 1468 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20372", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "increased blood loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 1502, 1522 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20373", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "24-h bleeding" ], "offsets": [ [ 1587, 1600 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20374", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "effective in restoring heparin responsiveness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1756, 1801 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20375", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "therapeutic anticoagulation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1816, 1843 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20376", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "decrease the requirement for heparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1942, 1978 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20377", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "scheduled to undergo cardiac surgery necessitating cardiopulmonary bypass" ], "offsets": [ [ 148, 221 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20378", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "cardiac surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 169, 184 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20379", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Fifty-four" ], "offsets": [ [ 691, 701 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20381", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effects of an antimicrobial additive to toothbrushes on residual periodontal pathogens . OBJECTIVE Previous studies have reported the link between residual microbial contamination of toothbrushes and periodontal diseases . The goal of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of an antimicrobial additive ( Microban ) to toothbrushes on residual retention of periodontal pathogens . METHODOLOGY Twenty patients had one side of their mouths brushed with a toothbrush containing the antimicrobial agent ( experimental side ) , and the other side with a toothbrush containing no agent ( control ) . Toothbrushes were air-dried ( 25 degrees C ) for four or 24 hours . Toothbrush heads were vortexed and cultured for Prevotella species ( Ps ) , Porphyromonas gingivalis ( Pg ) , Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans ( Aa ) , and non-specific colony-forming units ( NS ) . The plates were incubated and counted . Means and standard deviations were calculated , and data were analyzed using a series of t-tests ( paired and unpaired ) and Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test . RESULTS No significant inter- or intra-group differences in mean counts were found ; however , when four-hour and 24-hour data for Aa , Pg , or NS were combined , experimental counts were lower than controls in 39/50 ( 78 % ) of the matched pairs ( Wilcoxon signed-rank test p = 0.01 ) . CONCLUSION Toothbrushes containing the antimicrobial additive showed lower microbial counts than those without , but between-group means were not statistically significant ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1539 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20382", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antimicrobial additive" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20383", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "an antimicrobial additive" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20384", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Microban" ], "offsets": [ [ 311, 319 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20385", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "toothbrush containing the antimicrobial agent" ], "offsets": [ [ 459, 504 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20386", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "toothbrush containing no agent" ], "offsets": [ [ 555, 585 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20387", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antimicrobial additive" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20388", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "residual retention of periodontal pathogens" ], "offsets": [ [ 341, 384 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20389", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "mean counts" ], "offsets": [ [ 1138, 1149 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20390", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Aa , Pg , or NS" ], "offsets": [ [ 1209, 1224 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20391", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "experimental counts" ], "offsets": [ [ 1241, 1260 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20392", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "microbial counts" ], "offsets": [ [ 1441, 1457 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20393", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "periodontal diseases" ], "offsets": [ [ 200, 220 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20394", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Twenty" ], "offsets": [ [ 399, 405 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20396", "type": "document", "text": [ "Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of two regimens of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-hepatitis B-inactivated polio and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines administered to infants primed at birth with hepatitis B vaccine . An open , randomized study evaluated the immune response and safety of two different regimens of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-hepatitis B-inactivated poliovirus-Haemophilus influenzae type b ( DTPa-HBV-IPV-Hib ) immunization in infants primed at birth with hepatitis B vaccine . One-half of the 150 healthy , full-term infants received a DTPa HBV-IPV-Hib vaccine at 1 1/2 , 3 and 5 months of age ; the other received a DTPa-IPV-Hib vaccine at 1 1/2 , 3 and 5 months of age with separate HBV vaccine at 1 and 5 months of age . Immune response was similar following the two regimens with 100 % of the vaccinees seroprotected for HBV , diphtheria , tetanus , Hib and poliovirus types 2 and 3 diseases after the full vaccination course . One vaccinee in the DTPa HBV-HPV- Hib group failed to respond to the poliovirus type 1 antigen . Response to the three pertussis antigens ranged from 92-97 % in the DTPa-IPV-Hib plus separate HBV group and 100 % in the DTPa HBV-IPV-Hib group . The most frequently reported post-vaccination symptoms were irritability in the DTPa-IPV-Hib plus separate HBV group ( 49 % of vaccinees ) and fever , defined as axillary temperature > or =37.5 degrees C , in the DTPa HBV- IPV-Hib group ( 50 % of vaccinees ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1480 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20397", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "type b vaccines administered" ], "offsets": [ [ 149, 177 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20398", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-hepatitis B-inactivated poliovirus-Haemophilus influenzae type b ( DTPa-HBV-IPV-Hib )" ], "offsets": [ [ 329, 453 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20399", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "DTPa HBV-IPV-Hib vaccine" ], "offsets": [ [ 580, 604 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20400", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "DTPa-IPV-Hib" ], "offsets": [ [ 661, 673 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20401", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "HBV vaccine" ], "offsets": [ [ 729, 740 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20402", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Immunogenicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 14 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20403", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "reactogenicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20404", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "immune response" ], "offsets": [ [ 273, 288 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20405", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 293, 299 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20406", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Response" ], "offsets": [ [ 1073, 1081 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20407", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "irritability" ], "offsets": [ [ 1280, 1292 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20408", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "fever" ], "offsets": [ [ 1363, 1368 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20409", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "infants" ], "offsets": [ [ 181, 188 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20410", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hepatitis B" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 103 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20411", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "infants" ], "offsets": [ [ 181, 188 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20412", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hepatitis B" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 103 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20413", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "150" ], "offsets": [ [ 537, 540 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20414", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "infants" ], "offsets": [ [ 181, 188 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20416", "type": "document", "text": [ "Primary vitrectomy for combined rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and choroidal detachment with or without oral corticosteroids : a pilot study . PURPOSE The occurrence of choroidal detachment ( CD ) in eyes with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment ( RRD ) is relatively uncommon ( 2 % -4.5 % ) . Recent reports suggest that primary vitrectomy yields better anatomic success than scleral buckling . However , for these inflamed eyes with low intraocular pressure , the influence of preoperative oral steroids on reattachment rates has not been elucidated yet . METHODS Twenty eyes with combined RRD and CD that underwent primary vitrectomy were randomized to receive oral steroids ( for 1 week ) or no oral steroids before surgery . RESULTS Preoperative clinical data such as mean age , lens status , Snellen visual acuity , duration of macular detachment , CD ( size and extent ) , and retinal detachment characteristics ( e.g. , extent , number of retinal breaks , atrophic or tractional retinal break , size of retinal break , and location of retinal break ) were similarly distributed in both groups . Single-operation anatomic success was 81.8 % ( 9/11 ) among those patients who received preoperative oral steroids and was 66.7 % ( 6/9 ) among those who did not receive preoperative oral steroids . After reoperation , anatomic success was 100 % in both groups . The mean follow-up was 20.1 months . CONCLUSION The results suggest that administration of oral steroids before primary vitrectomy in eyes with combined RRD and CD improves reattachment rates ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1568 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20417", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Primary vitrectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 18 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20418", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "with or without oral corticosteroids" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 127 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20419", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "underwent primary vitrectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 617, 645 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20420", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "receive oral steroids ( for 1 week ) or no oral steroids before surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 665, 736 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20421", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "steroids" ], "offsets": [ [ 119, 127 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20422", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "steroids" ], "offsets": [ [ 119, 127 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20423", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Single-operation anatomic success" ], "offsets": [ [ 1112, 1145 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20424", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "anatomic success" ], "offsets": [ [ 364, 380 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20425", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "combined rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and choroidal detachment" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 90 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20426", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "oral corticosteroids" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 127 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20427", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "low intraocular pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 444, 468 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20428", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Twenty" ], "offsets": [ [ 575, 581 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20429", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "combined RRD and CD" ], "offsets": [ [ 592, 611 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20430", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "combined RRD and CD" ], "offsets": [ [ 592, 611 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20432", "type": "document", "text": [ "Prospective randomized controlled trial comparing plasmakinetic vaporesection and conventional transurethral resection of the prostate . OBJECTIVE Plasmakinetic vaporesection of the prostate ( PKVP ) using normal saline irrigation has the theoretical advantage of avoiding transurethral resection syndrome and minimizing blood loss . It may also shorten the operative time since tissue is resected instead of just vaporized . The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency , safety and advantages of PKVP compared with standard transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP ) at a regional acute hospital . METHODS A total of 60 consecutive men admitted from a waiting list for surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH ) were prospectively randomized to either PKVP or TURP . Peri- and postoperative outcome data at 3 months were obtained . RESULTS The PKVP loop achieved a fast and sharp cutting action similar to that with the traditional TURP loop . Data analysis was based on 51 patients . There were no significant differences between the methods in resection time , postoperative catheterization time and hospital stay . The mean reductions in serum sodium 2 hours after PKVP and on postoperative day 1 were 0.52 mmol/L and 3.35 mmol/L , respectively , while mean reductions in haemoglobin were 0.36 g/dL and 0.24 g/dL , respectively . There was no significant difference in haemoglobin reductions between PKVP and TURP ( p = 0.326 at 2 hours ; p = 0.192 on day 1 ) and serum sodium ( p = 0.757 at 2 hours ; p = 0.888 on day 1 ) . Both groups achieved comparable improvement in International Prostate Symptom Score ( p = 0.862 ) , quality-of-life score ( p = 0.169 ) and peak flow rate ( p = 0.96 ) at 3-month follow-up . CONCLUSION PKVP achieved comparable results to traditional TURP and was an effective and safe procedure . However , it did not demonstrate obvious advantages over TURP in this acute regional hospital regular TURP list setting ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1968 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20433", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "plasmakinetic vaporesection" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 77 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20434", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "conventional transurethral resection" ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 118 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20435", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Plasmakinetic vaporesection of the prostate ( PKVP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 147, 199 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20436", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "standard transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 525, 582 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20437", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "PKVP" ], "offsets": [ [ 193, 197 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20438", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "TURP" ], "offsets": [ [ 576, 580 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20439", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "PKVP" ], "offsets": [ [ 193, 197 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20440", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "TURP" ], "offsets": [ [ 576, 580 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20441", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficiency" ], "offsets": [ [ 468, 478 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20442", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 481, 487 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20443", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "advantages" ], "offsets": [ [ 492, 502 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20444", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "resection time" ], "offsets": [ [ 1068, 1082 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20445", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "postoperative catheterization time" ], "offsets": [ [ 1085, 1119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20446", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "hospital stay" ], "offsets": [ [ 1124, 1137 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20447", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean reductions in serum sodium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1144, 1175 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20448", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "haemoglobin reductions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1394, 1416 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20449", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "International Prostate Symptom Score" ], "offsets": [ [ 1597, 1633 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20450", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effective and safe" ], "offsets": [ [ 1816, 1834 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20451", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "60" ], "offsets": [ [ 633, 635 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20452", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 648, 651 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20453", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH )" ], "offsets": [ [ 697, 733 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20454", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "51 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 993, 1004 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20456", "type": "document", "text": [ "Long-term follow-up of a randomized trial of fludarabine-mitoxantrone , compared with cyclophosphamide , doxorubicin , vindesine , prednisone ( CHVP ) , as first-line treatment of elderly patients with advanced , low-grade non-Hodgkin 's lymphoma before the era of monoclonal antibodies . BACKGROUND This randomized study compared the efficacy and safety of fludarabine-mitoxantrone ( FM ) with mini-CHVP ( cyclophosphamide , doxorubicin , vindesine , prednisone ) in elderly patients with advanced , low-grade non-Hodgkin 's lymphoma . PATIENTS AND METHODS End points were remission rates [ overall response ( OR ) and complete response ( CR ) ] , failure-free survival ( FFS ) , survival and toxicity . One hundred and fifty-five patients were randomized , 144 were evaluable for safety and 142 for response . Each treatment arm was given as six monthly cycles , followed by three bimonthly cycles . FM comprised fludarabine ( 20 mg/m ( 2 ) i.v . ) , days 1-5 , plus mitoxantrone ( 10 mg/m ( 2 ) i.v . ) , day 1 . CHVP cycles comprised cyclophosphamide ( 750 mg/m ( 2 ) i.v . infusion ) , doxorubicin ( 25 mg/m ( 2 ) i.v . ) and vindesine ( 3 mg/m ( 2 ) i.v . ) on day 1 , and prednisone ( 50 mg/m ( 2 ) ) on days 1-5 . RESULTS FM therapy resulted in superior remission rates ( OR 81 % versus 64 % , CR 49 % versus 17 % ; P = 0.0004 ) . Median FFS for FM patients was 36 months , compared with 19 months for CHVP patients , and has not yet been reached for early CR patients at 53 months . Treatment arm was the major risk factor influencing survival . Both treatments were well tolerated , with only few infectious complications . CONCLUSION FM was more effective than CHVP in achieving OR and CR , and favorably affected the outcome ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1738 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20457", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fludarabine-mitoxantrone" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20458", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cyclophosphamide , doxorubicin , vindesine , prednisone ( CHVP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 150 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20459", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fludarabine-mitoxantrone ( FM )" ], "offsets": [ [ 358, 389 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20460", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "mini-CHVP" ], "offsets": [ [ 395, 404 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20461", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cyclophosphamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20462", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "doxorubicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 116 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20463", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vindesine" ], "offsets": [ [ 119, 128 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20464", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "prednisone" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 141 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20465", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fludarabine" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20466", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "mitoxantrone" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20467", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cyclophosphamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20468", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "doxorubicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 116 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20469", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vindesine" ], "offsets": [ [ 119, 128 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20470", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "prednisone" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 141 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20471", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "FM" ], "offsets": [ [ 385, 387 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20472", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "FM" ], "offsets": [ [ 385, 387 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20473", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "FM" ], "offsets": [ [ 385, 387 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20474", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 335, 343 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20475", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 348, 354 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20476", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "remission rates [" ], "offsets": [ [ 574, 591 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20477", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "overall response ( OR )" ], "offsets": [ [ 592, 615 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20478", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "and" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20479", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "complete response ( CR )" ], "offsets": [ [ 620, 644 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20480", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "failure-free survival ( FFS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 649, 678 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20481", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 662, 670 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20482", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 694, 702 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20483", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "remission rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 574, 589 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20484", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "Median FFS" ], "offsets": [ [ 1339, 1349 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20485", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 662, 670 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20486", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1581, 1590 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20487", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "infectious complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 1607, 1631 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20488", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effective" ], "offsets": [ [ 1657, 1666 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20489", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "OR" ], "offsets": [ [ 611, 613 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20490", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "CR" ], "offsets": [ [ 640, 642 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20491", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "elderly patients with advanced , low-grade non-Hodgkin 's lymphoma before the era of monoclonal antibodies ." ], "offsets": [ [ 180, 288 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20492", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "elderly patients with advanced , low-grade non-Hodgkin 's lymphoma ." ], "offsets": [ [ 468, 536 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20494", "type": "document", "text": [ "Randomized controlled trial to compare the early and mid-term results of stapled versus open hemorrhoidectomy . BACKGROUND The new technique of circular stapler for the treatment of hemorrhoids has shown early promise in terms of minimal or no postoperative pain , early discharge from hospital , and quick return to work . This study was designed to compare stapled technique with the well-accepted conventional Milligan Morgan hemorrhoidectomy . METHODS After fulfilling the selection criteria , 84 patients were randomly allocated to the stapled ( n = 42 ) or open group ( n = 42 ) . All patients were operated on under spinal anesthesia . The 2 techniques were evaluated with respect to the operative time , pain scores , complications , day of discharge , return to work , and level of satisfaction . RESULTS The mean age of patients was 46.02 years ( SD , 12.33 ) in the stapled group and 48.64 years ( 14.57 ) in the open group . Grade III or IV hemorrhoids were more common in men ( ie , 80.9 % and 85.7 % in the stapled and open group , respectively ) . The mean operative time was shorter in the stapled group 24.28 minutes ( 4.25 ) versus 45.21 minutes ( 5.36 ) in the Milligan-Morgan group ( P < .001 ) . The blood loss , pain scores and requirement of analgesics was significantly less in the stapled group . Mean hospital stay was 1.24 days ( 0.62 ) and 2.76 days ( 1.01 ) ( P < .001 ) in the stapled and open group , respectively . The patients in the stapled group returned to work or routine activities earlier ( ie , within 8.12 days [ 2.48 ] ) as compared with 17.62 ( 5.59 ) in the open group . Only 88.1 % of patients were satisfied by the open method compared with 97.6 % after the stapled technique . The median follow-up period was 11 months with a maximum follow-up of 19 months ( range 2-19 months ) . CONCLUSIONS Stapled hemorrhoidectomy is a safe and effective day-care procedure for the treatment of grade III and grade IV hemorrhoids . It ensures lesser postoperative pain , early discharge , less time off work , complications similar to the open technique , and in the end a more satisfied patient with no perianal wound . However , more such randomized trials are essential to deny any long-term complication ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2243 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20495", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "stapled versus open hemorrhoidectomy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20496", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "stapled technique with the well-accepted conventional Milligan Morgan hemorrhoidectomy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 359, 447 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20497", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "stapled" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20498", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "open" ], "offsets": [ [ 88, 92 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20499", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "spinal anesthesia ." ], "offsets": [ [ 623, 642 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20500", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Stapled hemorrhoidectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1840, 1864 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20501", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "operative time" ], "offsets": [ [ 695, 709 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20502", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 712, 723 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20503", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 726, 739 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20504", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "day of discharge" ], "offsets": [ [ 742, 758 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20505", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "return to work" ], "offsets": [ [ 307, 321 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20506", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "level of satisfaction" ], "offsets": [ [ 782, 803 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20507", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Grade III or IV hemorrhoids" ], "offsets": [ [ 937, 964 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20508", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "mean operative time" ], "offsets": [ [ 1067, 1086 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20509", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 1221, 1231 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20510", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 712, 723 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20511", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "requirement of analgesics" ], "offsets": [ [ 1250, 1275 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20512", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Mean hospital stay" ], "offsets": [ [ 1322, 1340 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20513", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "returned to work or routine activities" ], "offsets": [ [ 1481, 1519 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20514", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "satisfied" ], "offsets": [ [ 1644, 1653 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20515", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safe and effective" ], "offsets": [ [ 1870, 1888 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20516", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "postoperative pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 244, 262 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20517", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "early discharge" ], "offsets": [ [ 265, 280 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20518", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "less time off work" ], "offsets": [ [ 2023, 2041 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20519", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 726, 739 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20520", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "satisfied patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 2112, 2129 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20521", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hemorrhoidectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20522", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hemorrhoids" ], "offsets": [ [ 182, 193 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20523", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "84" ], "offsets": [ [ 498, 500 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20524", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "42" ], "offsets": [ [ 555, 557 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20525", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "42" ], "offsets": [ [ 555, 557 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20526", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "patients was 46.02 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 830, 854 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20527", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "48.64 years ( 14.57" ], "offsets": [ [ 895, 914 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20528", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hemorrhoids" ], "offsets": [ [ 182, 193 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20530", "type": "document", "text": [ "Reducing blood loss at open myomectomy using triple tourniquets : a randomised controlled trial . OBJECTIVES To evaluate triple tourniquets in controlled conditions and for the first time to investigate the hypothesis that leaving a semi-permanent tourniquet around the uterine artery reduces post-operative bleeding from the uterine incisions . DESIGN A randomised controlled trial . SETTING Two University teaching hospitals . POPULATION Twenty-eight patients with symptomatic fibroids and uterine sizes ranging from 14 to 24 weeks of gestation undergoing open myomectomy . METHODS A number 1 polyglactin suture was tied around the cervix to occlude the uterine arteries , and polythene tourniquets were tied around the infundibulopelvic ligament to obstruct the ovarian vessels . At the end of the procedure , the ovarian ties were released but the uterine artery suture remained in situ . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Intra-operative blood loss , post-operative blood loss , blood transfusion rates , operative morbidity , uterine blood flow and ovarian function . RESULTS There was significantly less blood lost in the tourniquet group than in the control group ( difference between means 1870 mL , 95 % CI 1159-2580 mL , P < 0.0001 ; transfusion rates of 7 % and 79 % , P= 0.0003 ) . The volume in the pelvic drain 20 min post-operatively and after 48 hours failed to reach statistical significance between the two groups ( P= 0.10 and P= 0.165 ) . There were no differences in uterine artery Doppler resistance indices at five days ( P= 0.54 ) , six weeks ( P= 0.47 ) , three months ( P= 0.49 ) and at six months ( P= 0.18 ) . Day two serum FSH concentrations after surgery were unchanged ( P= 0.45 ) , compared with baseline values . CONCLUSIONS Triple tourniquets are effective in reducing bleeding and transfusion rates . There appears no obvious adverse effect on uterine perfusion or ovarian function ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1907 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20531", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "open myomectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20532", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "triple tourniquets" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20533", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "triple tourniquets" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20534", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "myomectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20535", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "number 1 polyglactin suture was tied around the cervix to occlude the uterine arteries" ], "offsets": [ [ 586, 672 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20536", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "polythene tourniquets were tied around the infundibulopelvic ligament to obstruct the ovarian vessels" ], "offsets": [ [ 679, 780 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20537", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Triple tourniquets" ], "offsets": [ [ 1747, 1765 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20538", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "blood loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 9, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20539", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Intra-operative blood loss , post-operative blood loss , blood transfusion rates , operative morbidity , uterine blood flow and ovarian function ." ], "offsets": [ [ 915, 1061 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20540", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "less blood lost" ], "offsets": [ [ 1094, 1109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20541", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "volume in the pelvic drain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1287, 1313 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20542", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "no differences" ], "offsets": [ [ 1459, 1473 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20543", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "uterine artery Doppler resistance indices" ], "offsets": [ [ 1477, 1518 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20544", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum FSH concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1635, 1659 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20545", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "unchanged" ], "offsets": [ [ 1679, 1688 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20546", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "bleeding and transfusion rates ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1792, 1824 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20547", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "uterine perfusion or ovarian function ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1868, 1907 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20548", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "open myomectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20549", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Twenty-eight" ], "offsets": [ [ 440, 452 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20550", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "myomectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20552", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Relationship between sCD44v6 expression and TCM differentiation type of gastric carcinoma patients and influence of weitai capsule on the expression ] . OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship of TCM type with serum level of soluble CD44v6 ( sCD44v6 ) and different histologic parameters in gastric carcinoma patients and to observe the influence of Weitai capsule ( WTC ) on the sCD44v6 expression . METHODS TCM typing and sCD44v6 expression were determined in all the enrolled patients ( 30 in the control and 32 in the trial group ) before operation , and 3-4 courses of chemotherapy was applied to them from 3-4 weeks after operation . To the patients of trial group , oral administration of WTC was given additionally with 4 capsules , 3 times a day for consecutive 3 months . RESULTS sCD44v6 was significantly positive correlated with the degree of cancer cell differentiation , infiltration and lymph node metastasis ; ( 2 ) Level of sCD44v6 was the highest in patients of blood stasis type , as compared with that in the patients of Pi-deficiency type or of damp-heat type , the difference was significant ; ( 3 ) After ending treatment , level of sCD44v6 in the trial group was significantly lower than that in the control group . CONCLUSION ( 1 ) Serum level of sCD44v6 could be taken as the criterion for evaluating the development and prognosis of gastric cancer , as well as the therapeutic target for anti-metastasis treatment ; ( 2 ) Serum level of sCD44v6 is related to some extent with TCM type of blood stasis and Pi-deficiency ; ( 3 ) WTC combined with chemotherapy could further inhibit the expression of serum sCD44v6 in gastric carcinoma patients ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1670 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20553", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "weitai capsule" ], "offsets": [ [ 118, 132 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20554", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Weitai capsule ( WTC )" ], "offsets": [ [ 350, 372 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20555", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 574, 586 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20556", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "WTC" ], "offsets": [ [ 367, 370 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20557", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "WTC" ], "offsets": [ [ 367, 370 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20558", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 574, 586 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20559", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sCD44v6 expression" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20560", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "expression" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20561", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum level of soluble CD44v6 ( sCD44v6 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 210, 251 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20562", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "histologic parameters" ], "offsets": [ [ 266, 287 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20563", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sCD44v6 expression" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20564", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "TCM typing" ], "offsets": [ [ 409, 419 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20565", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sCD44v6 expression" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20566", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sCD44v6" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20567", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "degree of cancer cell differentiation , infiltration and lymph node metastasis" ], "offsets": [ [ 845, 923 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20568", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Level of sCD44v6" ], "offsets": [ [ 932, 948 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20569", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "level of sCD44v6" ], "offsets": [ [ 1147, 1163 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20570", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Serum level of sCD44v6" ], "offsets": [ [ 1257, 1279 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20571", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "development and prognosis of gastric cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1331, 1374 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20572", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Serum level of sCD44v6" ], "offsets": [ [ 1257, 1279 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20573", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "TCM type of blood stasis and Pi-deficiency" ], "offsets": [ [ 1503, 1545 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20574", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "expression of serum sCD44v6" ], "offsets": [ [ 1611, 1638 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20575", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "gastric carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 91 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20576", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "gastric carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 91 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20577", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "30" ], "offsets": [ [ 490, 492 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20578", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "32" ], "offsets": [ [ 512, 514 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20579", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "blood stasis type" ], "offsets": [ [ 980, 997 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20580", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Pi-deficiency type or of damp-heat type" ], "offsets": [ [ 1041, 1080 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20582", "type": "document", "text": [ "Efficacy screening trials of paroxetine , pentoxifylline , riluzole , pramipexole and venlafaxine in cocaine dependence . AIMS The two studies presented here were conducted to assess the efficacy of paroxetine , pentoxifylline , riluzole , venlafaxine and pramipexole as medications for the treatment of cocaine dependence . DESIGN A multi-arm , modified blinded , placebo-controlled design was used . SETTING The studies were conducted at the Boston VA Healthcare System and the Boston University School of Medicine Medication Development Research Unit ( MDRU ) . PARTICIPANTS Participants met criteria for cocaine dependence during a 2-week screening period . INTERVENTION Following random assignment to one of the treatment groups , subjects received active medication or placebo for 8 weeks in combination with cognitive behavioral counseling . In the first study the efficacy of the antidepressant paroxetine ( 20 mg daily ) , the phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline ( 1200 mg daily ) and the glutamate release inhibitor riluzole ( 100 mg daily ) was assessed . The antidepressant venlafaxine ( 150 mg daily ) and the dopamine agonist pramipexole ( 1.5 mg daily ) were evaluated in the second study . MEASUREMENTS Urine benzoylecgonine ( BE ) concentrations , self-report of cocaine use and global impression scores served as primary outcome measures . Secondary measures included assessments of cocaine craving and psychiatric functioning . Adverse events were monitored during the treatment period . FINDINGS None of the active medications produced greater reductions in urine BE concentrations over the treatment period than did placebo . There were trends for BE levels to become reduced in the pentoxifylline group during the first 4 weeks of treatment and for Addiction Severity Index ( ASI ) drug composite scores to be lower in the pentoxyfylline group at end-point compared to the placebo group . Significant within-group reductions in reported cocaine use and craving were found for all treatment groups , but none of the active medications were superior to placebo on these measures . The accuracy of self-reported cocaine use declined over the study period . Overall , the active medications were well tolerated . CONCLUSIONS This study does not support the use of paroxetine , pentoxifylline , riluzole , venlafaxine or pramipexole for the treatment of cocaine dependence . However , these results need to be interpreted with caution because of the small size and lack of homogeneity of the experimental groups ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2537 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20583", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "paroxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20584", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pentoxifylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20585", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "riluzole" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 67 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20586", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pramipexole" ], "offsets": [ [ 70, 81 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20587", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "venlafaxine" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 97 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20588", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "paroxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20589", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pentoxifylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20590", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "riluzole" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 67 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20591", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "venlafaxine" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 97 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20592", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pramipexole" ], "offsets": [ [ 70, 81 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20593", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 365, 383 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20594", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "active medication" ], "offsets": [ [ 754, 771 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20595", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 365, 372 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20596", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "cognitive behavioral counseling" ], "offsets": [ [ 815, 846 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20597", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antidepressant paroxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 888, 913 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20598", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 936, 978 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20599", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "glutamate release inhibitor riluzole" ], "offsets": [ [ 1005, 1041 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20600", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antidepressant venlafaxine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1078, 1104 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20601", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "dopamine agonist pramipexole" ], "offsets": [ [ 1130, 1158 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20602", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 365, 372 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20603", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pentoxifylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20604", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pentoxyfylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 1852, 1866 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20605", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 365, 372 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20606", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "paroxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20607", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pentoxifylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20608", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "riluzole" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 67 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20609", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "venlafaxine" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 97 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20610", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pramipexole" ], "offsets": [ [ 70, 81 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20611", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 8 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20612", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 187, 195 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20613", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 187, 195 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20614", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Urine benzoylecgonine ( BE ) concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1226, 1269 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20615", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "self-report of cocaine use" ], "offsets": [ [ 1272, 1298 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20616", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "global impression scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 1303, 1327 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20617", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "assessments of cocaine craving" ], "offsets": [ [ 1393, 1423 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20618", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "psychiatric functioning" ], "offsets": [ [ 1428, 1451 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20619", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Adverse events" ], "offsets": [ [ 1454, 1468 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20620", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "urine BE concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1585, 1608 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20621", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "BE levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1676, 1685 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20622", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Addiction Severity Index ( ASI )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1778, 1810 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20623", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "cocaine use and craving" ], "offsets": [ [ 1966, 1989 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20624", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "self-reported cocaine use" ], "offsets": [ [ 2124, 2149 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20625", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 2226, 2235 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20627", "type": "document", "text": [ "Comparative drug effects and abuse liability of lorazepam , buspirone , and secobarbital in nondependent subjects . The pharmacologic effects of lorazepam ( 2 mg ) , buspirone ( 20 mg , 10 mg ) , secobarbital ( 100 mg ) , and placebo were compared in 15 male , experienced , intermittent nontherapeutic drug users . All drugs produced a \" drug effect , \" however , buspirone 20 mg was significantly less liked than were lorazepam , secobarbital , or buspirone 10 mg ( p less than .05 ) but not placebo . Lorazepam was liked better than were other drugs only at 1 hour and only compared with buspirone 20 and placebo . Compared with other drugs , lorazepam drug effects were greater and resulted in more prolonged impairment of a motor tracking task , standing steadiness , and memory . Buspirone 20 mg significantly impaired memory at 1 hour compared with placebo . Subjects were more likely to identify buspirone as unfamiliar . Because buspirone 20 mg was less liked than were other drugs , dose escalation as part of drug abuse is not likely to occur . Lorazepam also was not particularly liked and was not different from placebo on most subjective abuse-relevant measures ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1177 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20628", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lorazepam" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20629", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "buspirone" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20630", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "secobarbital" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20631", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lorazepam" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20632", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "buspirone" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20633", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "secobarbital" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20634", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 226, 233 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20635", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "buspirone 20" ], "offsets": [ [ 365, 377 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20636", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lorazepam" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20637", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "secobarbital" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20638", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "buspirone 10 mg" ], "offsets": [ [ 450, 465 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20639", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 226, 233 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20640", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Lorazepam" ], "offsets": [ [ 504, 513 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20641", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "buspirone" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20642", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 226, 233 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20643", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lorazepam" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20644", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Buspirone" ], "offsets": [ [ 786, 795 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20645", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 226, 233 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20646", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "buspirone" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20647", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "buspirone" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20648", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Lorazepam" ], "offsets": [ [ 504, 513 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20649", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 226, 233 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20650", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "drug effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20651", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "greater" ], "offsets": [ [ 674, 681 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20652", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "prolonged impairment" ], "offsets": [ [ 703, 723 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20653", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "motor tracking task , standing steadiness , and" ], "offsets": [ [ 729, 776 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20654", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "memory" ], "offsets": [ [ 777, 783 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20655", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "." ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 115 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20656", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "significantly" ], "offsets": [ [ 385, 398 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20657", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "impaired memory" ], "offsets": [ [ 816, 831 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20658", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "drug abuse" ], "offsets": [ [ 1020, 1030 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20659", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "not particularly liked" ], "offsets": [ [ 1075, 1097 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20660", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "not different" ], "offsets": [ [ 1106, 1119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20661", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "most subjective abuse-relevant measures ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1136, 1177 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20662", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "nondependent subjects" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20663", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "15" ], "offsets": [ [ 251, 253 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20664", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "experienced , intermittent nontherapeutic drug users" ], "offsets": [ [ 261, 313 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20666", "type": "document", "text": [ "Is successful rehabilitation of complex regional pain syndrome due to sustained attention to the affected limb ? A randomised clinical trial . In complex regional pain syndrome ( CRPS1 ) initiated by wrist fracture , a motor imagery program ( MIP ) , consisting of hand laterality recognition followed by imagined movements and then mirror movements , reduces pain and disability , but the mechanism of effect is unclear . Possibilities include sustained attention to the affected limb , in which case the order of MIP components would not alter the effect , and sequential activation of cortical motor networks , in which case it would . Twenty subjects with chronic CRPS1 initiated by wrist fracture and who satisfied stringent inclusion criteria , were randomly allocated to one of three groups : hand laterality recognition , imagined movements , mirror movements ( RecImMir , MIP ) ; imagined movements , recognition , imagined movements ( ImRecIm ) ; recognition , mirror movements , recognition ( RecMirRec ) . At 6 and 18 weeks , reduced pain and disability were greater for the RecImMir group than for the other groups ( P < 0.05 ) . Hand laterality recognition imparted a consistent reduction in pain and disability across groups , however , this effect was limited in magnitude . Imagined movements imparted a further reduction in pain and disability , but only if they followed hand laterality recognition . Mirror movements also imparted a reduction in pain and disability , but only when they followed imagined movements . The effect of the MIP seems to be dependent on the order of components , which suggests that it is not due to sustained attention to the affected limb , but is consistent with sequential activation of cortical motor networks ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1763 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20667", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "motor imagery program" ], "offsets": [ [ 219, 240 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20668", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "imagined movements" ], "offsets": [ [ 305, 323 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20669", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "mirror movements" ], "offsets": [ [ 333, 349 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20670", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "hand laterality recognition , imagined movements , mirror movements ( RecImMir , MIP ) ; imagined movements , recognition , imagined movements ( ImRecIm ) ; recognition , mirror movements , recognition ( RecMirRec ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 800, 1017 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20671", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20672", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "disability" ], "offsets": [ [ 369, 379 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20673", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20674", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "disability" ], "offsets": [ [ 369, 379 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20675", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20676", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "disability" ], "offsets": [ [ 369, 379 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20677", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20678", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "disability" ], "offsets": [ [ 369, 379 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20679", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20680", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "disability" ], "offsets": [ [ 369, 379 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20681", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 403, 409 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20682", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "complex regional pain syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20683", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Twenty" ], "offsets": [ [ 639, 645 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20684", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic CRPS1 initiated by wrist fracture" ], "offsets": [ [ 660, 701 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20686", "type": "document", "text": [ "The effect of vitamin A-fortified coconut cooking oil on the serum retinol concentration of Filipino children 4-7 years old . A 6-month intervention trial was conducted among 542 Filipino children aged 4 to 7 years to determine the effect of vitamin A-fortified coconut cooking oil intake on their vitamin A status and to identify factors that influence this . Children were randomly assigned to the Experimental group , with vitamin A-fortified cooking oil ration ; to Control-1 group with unfortified cooking oil ration ; and to Control-2 group without cooking oil ration . In all groups , children 's serum retinol concentration improved . Relative change in serum retinol concentration was significantly higher among the Experimental group , with one-third of total vitamin A intake coming from vitamin A-fortified cooking oil intake , than in the Control groups , with more than half of intake from other vitamin A-rich foods . Determinants of post-intervention serum retinol concentration included baseline serum retinol concentration , caregiver 's education , receipt of high-dose vitamin A capsule , interaction between consumption of vitamin A-fortified cooking oil and of other vitamin A-rich foods , and between households purchasing cooking oil and food expenditure . Intake of vitamin A-fortified cooking oil combined with vitamin A-rich foods was necessary to increase serum retinol concentration . It is recommended to vigorously promote the consumption of vitamin A-fortified cooking oil together with other vitamin A-rich sources to sustain the prevention and control of vitamin A deficiency ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1611 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20687", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vitamin A-fortified coconut cooking oil" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20688", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vitamin A-fortified coconut cooking oil" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20689", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vitamin A-fortified cooking oil" ], "offsets": [ [ 426, 457 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20690", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "unfortified cooking oil ration" ], "offsets": [ [ 491, 521 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20691", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "without cooking oil ration" ], "offsets": [ [ 547, 573 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20692", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vitamin A-fortified cooking oil" ], "offsets": [ [ 426, 457 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20693", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vitamin A-fortified cooking oil" ], "offsets": [ [ 426, 457 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20694", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vitamin A-fortified cooking oil" ], "offsets": [ [ 426, 457 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20695", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum retinol concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20696", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "retinol concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20697", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum retinol concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20698", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum retinol concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20699", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "prevention" ], "offsets": [ [ 1563, 1573 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20700", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "control" ], "offsets": [ [ 1578, 1585 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20701", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "serum retinol concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20702", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Filipino" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 100 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20703", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "4-7 years old" ], "offsets": [ [ 110, 123 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20704", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "542" ], "offsets": [ [ 175, 178 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20705", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "4 to 7" ], "offsets": [ [ 202, 208 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20707", "type": "document", "text": [ "Multi-institutional randomized phase II trial of the epothilone B analog ixabepilone ( BMS-247550 ) with or without estramustine phosphate in patients with progressive castrate metastatic prostate cancer . PURPOSE To evaluate the antitumor activity and safety of the epothilone B analog , ixabepilone , with or without estramustine phosphate ( EMP ) , in chemotherapy-naive patients with progressive castrate metastatic prostate cancer . PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were randomly assigned to receive ixabepilone ( 35 mg/m ( 2 ) ) by intravenous infusion every 3 weeks with or without EMP 280 mg orally three times daily on days 1 to 5 . RESULTS Between December 2001 and October 2003 , 92 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to treatment with ixabepilone alone ( 45 patients ) or in combination with EMP ( 47 patients ) . Grades 3 and 4 toxicities experienced by more than 5 % of patients included neutropenia ( 22 % ) , fatigue ( 9 % ) , and neuropathy ( 13 % ) on the ixabepilone arm , and neutropenia ( 29 % ) , febrile neutropenia ( 9 % ) , fatigue ( 9 % ) , neuropathy ( 7 % ) , and thrombosis ( 6 % ) on the ixabepilone + EMP arm . Post-treatment declines in prostate-specific antigen of > or = 50 % were achieved in 21 of 44 patients ( 48 % ; 95 % CI , 33 % to 64 % ) on the ixabepilone arm , and 31 of 45 patients ( 69 % ; 95 % CI , 55 % to 82 % ) on the ixabepilone + EMP arm . In patients with measurable disease , partial responses were observed in eight of 25 patients ( 32 % ; 95 % CI , 14 % to 50 % ) on the ixabepilone arm , and 11 of 23 ( 48 % ; 95 % CI , 27 % to 68 % ) on the ixabepilone + EMP arm . Time to prostate-specific antigen progression was 4.4 months ( 95 % CI , 3.1 to 6.9 months ) on the ixabepilone-alone arm and 5.2 months ( 95 % CI , 4.5 to 6.8 months ) on the combination arm . CONCLUSION Ixabepilone , with or without estramustine phosphate , is well tolerated and has antitumor activity in patients with castrate metastatic prostate cancer ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1988 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20708", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "epothilone B analog , ixabepilone , with or without estramustine phosphate ( EMP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 267, 349 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20709", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ixabepilone" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 84 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20710", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "EMP" ], "offsets": [ [ 344, 347 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20711", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ixabepilone alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 754, 771 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20712", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "combination with EMP" ], "offsets": [ [ 794, 814 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20713", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Ixabepilone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1834, 1845 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20714", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "estramustine phosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 116, 138 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20715", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "antitumor activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 230, 248 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20716", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 253, 259 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20717", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Grades 3 and 4 toxicities" ], "offsets": [ [ 833, 858 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20718", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "neutropenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 909, 920 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20719", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "fatigue" ], "offsets": [ [ 932, 939 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20720", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "neuropathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 954, 964 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20721", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "neutropenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 909, 920 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20722", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "febrile neutropenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1026, 1045 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20723", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "fatigue" ], "offsets": [ [ 932, 939 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20724", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "neuropathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 954, 964 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20725", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "thrombosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1099, 1109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20726", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "prostate-specific antigen" ], "offsets": [ [ 1176, 1201 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20727", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "partial responses" ], "offsets": [ [ 1436, 1453 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20728", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Time to prostate-specific antigen progression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1629, 1674 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20729", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1897, 1906 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20730", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "antitumor activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 230, 248 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20732", "type": "document", "text": [ "Zoledronic acid significantly reduces skeletal complications compared with placebo in Japanese women with bone metastases from breast cancer : a randomized , placebo-controlled trial . PURPOSE To investigate the efficacy and safety of zoledronic acid for the treatment of bone metastases from breast cancer . PATIENTS AND METHODS Women with bone metastases ( N = 228 ) were randomly assigned to receive 4 mg zoledronic acid ( n = 114 ) or placebo ( n = 114 ) via 15-minute infusions every 4 weeks for 1 year . The primary efficacy end point was the skeletal-related event ( SRE ) rate ratio between treatment groups . An SRE was defined as pathologic fracture , spinal cord compression , and radiation or surgery to bone . Secondary end points included percentage of patients with at least one SRE , time-to-first SRE , and Andersen-Gill multiple-event analysis . RESULTS The SRE rate ratio at 1 year ( excluding HCM and adjusted for prior fracture ) was 0.61 ( permutation test ; P = .027 ) , indicating that zoledronic acid reduced the rate of SRE by 39 % compared with placebo . The percentage of patients with at least one SRE ( excluding HCM ) was significantly reduced by 20 % by zoledronic acid ( 29.8 % v 49.6 % for placebo ; P = .003 ) . Zoledronic acid significantly delayed time-to-first SRE ( median not reached v 364 days ; Cox regression ; P = .007 ) and reduced the risk of SREs by 41 % in multiple event analysis ( risk ratio = 0.59 ; P = .019 ) compared with placebo . Zoledronic acid was well tolerated with a safety profile similar to placebo . No patient treated with zoledronic acid had grade 3 or 4 serum creatinine increase . CONCLUSION Zoledronic acid significantly reduced skeletal complications compared with placebo across multiple end points in Japanese women with bone metastases from breast cancer ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1829 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20733", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Zoledronic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 15 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20734", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20735", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "zoledronic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 235, 250 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20736", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "4 mg zoledronic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 403, 423 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20737", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20738", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "zoledronic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 235, 250 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20739", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1072, 1081 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20740", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Zoledronic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 15 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20741", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1072, 1081 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20742", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Zoledronic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 15 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20743", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Zoledronic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 15 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20744", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20745", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "SRE rate ratio" ], "offsets": [ [ 876, 890 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20746", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rate of SRE" ], "offsets": [ [ 1038, 1049 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20747", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "percentage of patients with at least one SRE ( excluding HCM )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1086, 1148 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20748", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "significantly delayed time-to-first SRE" ], "offsets": [ [ 1263, 1302 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20749", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "reduced the risk of SREs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1369, 1393 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20750", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1511, 1520 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20751", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 100 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20752", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 127, 140 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20753", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "Women" ], "offsets": [ [ 330, 335 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20754", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "N = 228 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 359, 368 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20756", "type": "document", "text": [ "Phase III trial of satraplatin , an oral platinum plus prednisone vs. prednisone alone in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer . Satraplatin is a novel oral platinum ( IV ) complex that shows activity against hormone-refractory prostate cancer ( HRPC ) in cisplatin-resistant human tumor lines in phase I and phase II trials . A randomized multicenter phase III trial with a target sample size of 380 patients was initiated in men with HRPC . After 50 randomized patients , the trial was closed to further accrual by the sponsoring company . An ad hoc analysis of all available data is reported here . Eligibility criteria included pathological proof of prostate cancer , documented progression despite prior hormonal manipulation , WHO PS 0-2 , and no daily intake of narcotic analgesics . Patients were randomized between satraplatin 100 mg/m ( 2 ) for 5 days plus prednisone 10 mg orally BID or prednisone alone . Compliance was excellent . 48/50 patients have progressed and 42 have died , mostly due to prostate cancer . Median overall survival was 14.9 months ( 95 % CI : 13.7-28.4 ) on the satraplatin plus prednisone arm and 11.9 months ( 95 % CI : 8.4-23.1 ) on prednisone alone ( hazard ratio , HR = 0.84 , 95 % CI : 0.46-1.55 ) . A > 50 % decrease in prostrate specific antigen ( PSA ) was seen in 9/27 ( 33.3 % ) in the satraplatin plus prednisone arm vs. 2/23 ( 8.7 % ) on the prednisone alone arm . Progression-free survival was 5.2 months ( 95 % CI : 2.8-13.7 ) on the satraplatin plus prednisone arm as compared to 2.5 months ( 95 % CI : 2.1- 4.7 ) on the prednisone alone arm ( HR = 0.50 , 95 % CI : 0.28-0.92 ) . This difference is statistically significant ( p = 0.023 ) . Toxicity was generally minimal in both arms . This randomized comparison of a combination of satraplatin and prednisone versus prednisone alone supports the antitumor activity of the combination . Its role in the treatment of HPRC remains to be elucidated in an appropriate phase III setting ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1997 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20757", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "satraplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20758", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "platinum plus prednisone" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20759", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "prednisone alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 70, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20760", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Satraplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 141, 152 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20761", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "platinum" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20762", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cisplatin-resistant" ], "offsets": [ [ 268, 287 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20763", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "narcotic analgesics" ], "offsets": [ [ 781, 800 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20764", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "satraplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20765", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "prednisone" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20766", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "prednisone" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20767", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "satraplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20768", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "prednisone" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20769", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "prednisone" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20770", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "satraplatin plus prednisone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1109, 1136 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20771", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "prednisone" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20772", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "satraplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20773", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "prednisone" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20774", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "prednisone" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20775", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "satraplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20776", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "prednisone" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20777", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "progressed" ], "offsets": [ [ 976, 986 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20778", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "died" ], "offsets": [ [ 999, 1003 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20779", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "Median overall survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1038, 1061 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20780", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "prostrate specific antigen" ], "offsets": [ [ 1274, 1300 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20781", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "Progression-free survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1425, 1450 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20782", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1704, 1712 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20783", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer ." ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 140 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20784", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hormone-refractory prostate cancer ( HRPC )" ], "offsets": [ [ 221, 264 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20785", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "380" ], "offsets": [ [ 409, 412 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20786", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 439, 442 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20787", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "HRPC ." ], "offsets": [ [ 448, 454 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20788", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "50" ], "offsets": [ [ 461, 463 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20789", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "prostate cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 138 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20791", "type": "document", "text": [ "Enjoyment mediates effects of a school-based physical-activity intervention . PURPOSE The study evaluated whether targeted changes in factors influencing enjoyment of physical education ( PE ) , physical activity enjoyment , and self-efficacy beliefs about participating in physical activity mediated the effect of the Lifestyle Education for Activity Program ( LEAP ) intervention on participation in physical activity . METHODS High schools ( N=24 ) paired on enrollment size , racial composition , urban or rural location , and class structure were randomized into control ( N=12 ) or experimental ( N=12 ) groups . Of the 4044 girls enrolled and eligible , 2087 ( 51.6 % ) participated in the measurement component of the study . There were 1038 girls in the control group and 1049 girls in the experimental group . INTERVENTION LEAP was a comprehensive school-based intervention emphasizing changes in instruction and school environment designed to increase physical activity among black and white adolescent girls . It was organized according to the Coordinated School Health Program and included a PE component with core objectives of promoting enjoyment of PE , physical activity enjoyment , and self-efficacy . RESULTS Latent variable structural equation modeling indicated that : 1 ) the intervention had direct , positive effects on physical activity and factors influencing enjoyment of PE , which subsequently explained the effects of increased physical activity enjoyment and self-efficacy on increased physical activity ; and 2 ) an additional , indirect effect of physical activity enjoyment on physical activity operated by an influence on self-efficacy . CONCLUSIONS Increases in enjoyment partially mediated the positive effect of the LEAP intervention . To our knowledge , we have provided the first experimental evidence from a randomized controlled trial linking increased enjoyment with increased physical activity among black and white adolescent girls ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1978 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20792", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "school-based physical-activity intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 75 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20793", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Lifestyle Education for Activity Program ( LEAP ) intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 319, 381 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20794", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control" ], "offsets": [ [ 568, 575 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20795", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "experimental" ], "offsets": [ [ 588, 600 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20796", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control" ], "offsets": [ [ 568, 575 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20797", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "LEAP" ], "offsets": [ [ 362, 366 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20798", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "PE component with core objectives" ], "offsets": [ [ 1105, 1138 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20799", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "LEAP intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 1754, 1771 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20800", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "self-efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 229, 242 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20801", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "self-efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 229, 242 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20802", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "4044" ], "offsets": [ [ 626, 630 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20803", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "girls" ], "offsets": [ [ 631, 636 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20804", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "2087 ( 51.6 %" ], "offsets": [ [ 661, 674 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20805", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "1038" ], "offsets": [ [ 745, 749 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20806", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "girls" ], "offsets": [ [ 631, 636 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20807", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "1049" ], "offsets": [ [ 781, 785 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20808", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "girls" ], "offsets": [ [ 631, 636 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20809", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adolescent" ], "offsets": [ [ 1003, 1013 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20810", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "girls" ], "offsets": [ [ 631, 636 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20811", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adolescent" ], "offsets": [ [ 1003, 1013 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20812", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "girls" ], "offsets": [ [ 631, 636 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20814", "type": "document", "text": [ "Online conductivity monitoring : validation and usefulness in a clinical trial of reduced dialysate conductivity . Relatively low dialysate conductivity ( Cndi ) may improve outcomes by reducing the overall sodium burden in dialysis patients . Excess sodium removal , however , could lead to hemodynamic instability . We performed a randomized controlled trial of reduction of Cndi . For the study , 28 patients were randomized to maintenance of Cndi at 13.6 mS/cm ( equivalent to 135 mmol/L of Na+ ) or serial reduction of Cndi in steps of 0.2 mS/cm , guided by symptoms and blood pressure . Sodium removal estimated from pre- and postplasma concentrations correlated well with removal measured by conductivity monitoring as ionic mass balance ( R2 0.66 , p < 0.0001 ) . Of the 16 patients randomized to reduction of Cndi , 6 achieved Cndi 13.4 mS/cm , 6 achieved 13.2 mS/cm , and 4 achieved 13.0 mS/cm . No episodes of disequilibrium occurred . Interdialytic weight gain was reduced from 2.34 +/- 0.10 kg to 1.57 +/- 0.11 kg ( p < 0.0001 ) . Predialysis systolic blood pressure fell from 144 +/- 3 mm Hg to 137 +/- 4 mm Hg ( p < 0.05 ) . The reduction in convective sodium removal was balanced by an increase in diffusive sodium removal ( 95 +/- 9 mmol cf . 175 +/- 14 mmol , p < 0.0001 ) . Reduction in Cndi monitored by IMB is safe and practical and leads to improved interdialytic weight gains and blood pressure control , while avoiding excessive sodium removal ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1469 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20815", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Online conductivity monitoring" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20816", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "reduced dialysate conductivity" ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 112 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20817", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Relatively low dialysate conductivity ( Cndi )" ], "offsets": [ [ 115, 161 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20818", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "reduction of Cndi" ], "offsets": [ [ 364, 381 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20819", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "reduction of Cndi" ], "offsets": [ [ 364, 381 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20820", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sodium burden" ], "offsets": [ [ 207, 220 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20821", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ionic mass balance" ], "offsets": [ [ 726, 744 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20822", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Interdialytic weight gain" ], "offsets": [ [ 947, 972 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20823", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Predialysis systolic blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 1044, 1079 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20824", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "reduction in convective sodium removal" ], "offsets": [ [ 1144, 1182 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20825", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "diffusive sodium removal" ], "offsets": [ [ 1214, 1238 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20826", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "dialysis" ], "offsets": [ [ 224, 232 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20827", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "28" ], "offsets": [ [ 400, 402 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20829", "type": "document", "text": [ "Phase I pharmacokinetic , food effect , and pharmacogenetic study of oral irinotecan given as semisolid matrix capsules in patients with solid tumors . PURPOSE To characterize the maximum-tolerated dose , recommended dose , dose-limiting toxicities ( DLT ) , pharmacokinetic profile , and food effect of orally administered irinotecan formulated as new semisolid matrix capsules . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Irinotecan was given orally in fasted patients once daily for 5 consecutive days and repeated every 3 weeks . Patients were randomly assigned to take the drug along with a high-fat , high-calorie breakfast for the administration at day 1 of the first or second cycle . Dosages tested were 70 and 80 mg/m ( 2 ) /day . RESULTS Twenty-five patients received 101 cycles of therapy ( median two cycles , range 1-15 ) . During the first cycle , grade 3 delayed diarrhea and grade 3 fever were the DLTs at the dosage of 80 mg/m ( 2 ) /day in three out of five patients . Hematologic and nonhematologic toxicities were mild to moderate . Exposure to the active metabolite SN-38 was relatively high compared with i.v . infusion , but no relevant accumulation was observed . Food had no significant effect on irinotecan pharmacokinetics . One confirmed partial remission and 10 disease stabilizations were observed in previously treated patients . No association was found between the UGT1A1*28 genotype and the risk of severe irinotecan-induced toxicity . CONCLUSIONS For oral irinotecan , a dose of 70 mg/m ( 2 ) /day for 5 consecutive days every 3 weeks is recommended for further studies . Delayed diarrhea was the main DLT , similar to that observed with intravenously administered irinotecan . This study confirms that oral administration of irinotecan is feasible and may have favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1818 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20830", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "irinotecan" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 84 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20831", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "irinotecan" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 84 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20832", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Irinotecan" ], "offsets": [ [ 401, 411 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20833", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "high-fat , high-calorie breakfast" ], "offsets": [ [ 573, 606 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20834", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "irinotecan" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 84 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20835", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "irinotecan" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 84 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20836", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "irinotecan" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 84 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20837", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "grade 3 delayed diarrhea and grade 3 fever" ], "offsets": [ [ 840, 882 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20838", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Hematologic and nonhematologic toxicities" ], "offsets": [ [ 965, 1006 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20839", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Exposure to the active metabolite SN-38" ], "offsets": [ [ 1031, 1070 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20840", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "severe irinotecan-induced toxicity ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1411, 1447 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20842", "type": "document", "text": [ "The overt aggression scale for rating aggression in outpatient youth with autistic disorder : preliminary findings . Aggression is a common and costly problem in youth with developmental disabilities . Rating scales that accurately capture and measure subtypes of aggression phenomenology , frequency and severity are urgently needed , in both clinical practice and research . The authors studied the Overt Aggression Scale ( OAS ) in a preliminary sample of eight outpatients who participated in an ongoing placebo-controlled study of valproate for aggression in autism . Subjects ' OAS aggression scores showed significant correlation with the already validated retrospectively rated Aberrant Behavior Checklist Community Scale irritability subscale . Further study of the OAS in outpatients with aggression and developmental disabilities is warranted ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 855 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20843", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "overt aggression scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 4, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20844", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Overt Aggression Scale ( OAS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 401, 431 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20845", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 508, 526 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20846", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "valproate" ], "offsets": [ [ 536, 545 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20847", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "OAS aggression scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 584, 605 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20848", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "OAS" ], "offsets": [ [ 426, 429 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20849", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Overt Aggression Scale ( OAS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 401, 431 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20850", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "OAS aggression scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 584, 605 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20851", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Aberrant Behavior Checklist Community Scale irritability subscale" ], "offsets": [ [ 686, 751 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20852", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "OAS" ], "offsets": [ [ 426, 429 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20853", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "eight outpatients who participated in an ongoing placebo-controlled study of valproate for aggression in autism ." ], "offsets": [ [ 459, 572 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20855", "type": "document", "text": [ "Magnesium sulphate only slightly reduces the shivering threshold in humans . BACKGROUND Hypothermia may be an effective treatment for stroke or acute myocardial infarction ; however , it provokes vigorous shivering , which causes potentially dangerous haemodynamic responses and prevents further hypothermia . Magnesium is an attractive anti-shivering agent because it is used for treatment of postoperative shivering and provides protection against ischaemic injury in animal models . We tested the hypothesis that magnesium reduces the threshold ( triggering core temperature ) and gain of shivering without substantial sedation or muscle weakness . METHODS We studied nine healthy male volunteers ( 18-40 yr ) on two randomly assigned treatment days : ( 1 ) control and ( 2 ) magnesium ( 80 mg kg ( -1 ) followed by infusion at 2 g h ( -1 ) ) . Lactated Ringer 's solution ( 4 degrees C ) was infused via a central venous catheter over a period of approximately 2 h to decrease tympanic membrane temperature by approximately 1.5 degrees C h ( -1 ) . A significant and persistent increase in oxygen consumption identified the threshold . The gain of shivering was determined by the slope of oxygen consumption vs core temperature regression . Sedation was evaluated using a verbal rating score ( VRS ) from 0 to 10 and bispectral index ( BIS ) of the EEG . Peripheral muscle strength was evaluated using dynamometry and spirometry . Data were analysed using repeated measures anova ; P < 0.05 was statistically significant . RESULTS Magnesium reduced the shivering threshold ( 36.3 [ SD 0.4 ] degrees C vs 36.6 [ 0.3 ] degrees C , P = 0.040 ) . It did not affect the gain of shivering ( control , 437 [ 289 ] ml min ( -1 ) degrees C ( -1 ) ; magnesium , 573 [ 370 ] ml min ( -1 ) degrees C ( -1 ) ; P=0.344 ) . The magnesium bolus did not produce significant sedation or appreciably reduce muscle strength . CONCLUSIONS Magnesium significantly reduced the shivering threshold . However , in view of the modest absolute reduction , this finding is considered to be clinically unimportant for induction of therapeutic hypothermia ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2131 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20856", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Magnesium sulphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 18 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20857", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Hypothermia" ], "offsets": [ [ 88, 99 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20858", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Magnesium" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 9 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20859", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "magnesium" ], "offsets": [ [ 516, 525 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20860", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control" ], "offsets": [ [ 761, 768 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20861", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "magnesium" ], "offsets": [ [ 516, 525 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20862", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Lactated Ringer 's solution" ], "offsets": [ [ 848, 875 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20863", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Magnesium" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 9 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20864", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "magnesium" ], "offsets": [ [ 516, 525 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20865", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Magnesium" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 9 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20866", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "shivering threshold" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 64 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20867", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "shivering" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20868", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sedation" ], "offsets": [ [ 622, 630 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20869", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "tympanic membrane temperature" ], "offsets": [ [ 981, 1010 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20870", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "oxygen" ], "offsets": [ [ 1094, 1100 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20871", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "gain of shivering" ], "offsets": [ [ 584, 601 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20872", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "verbal rating score ( VRS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1276, 1303 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20873", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "bispectral index ( BIS ) of the EEG" ], "offsets": [ [ 1321, 1356 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20874", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Peripheral muscle strength" ], "offsets": [ [ 1359, 1385 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20875", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "shivering threshold" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 64 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20876", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "gain of shivering" ], "offsets": [ [ 584, 601 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20877", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "muscle strength" ], "offsets": [ [ 1370, 1385 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20878", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "shivering threshold" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 64 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20879", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "shivering threshold in humans ." ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 76 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20881", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effectiveness of once-daily monotherapy with a new nifedipine sustained release calcium antagonist . Data from 2 separate multicenter , double-blind clinical studies following the same protocol , except for the selection of doses , were pooled to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of fixed doses of a new sustained-release ( SR ) formulation of nifedipine compared with placebo in 388 patients with mild to moderate uncomplicated essential hypertension . After a 3-6 week placebo washout period , the patients were randomized to receive either placebo or nifedipine SR-20 mg ( study I only ) , 50 mg , 100 mg , or 150 mg ( study II only ) . Among the 278 patients who completed 6 weeks of active therapy , mean supine diastolic blood pressure reductions from pretreatment baseline were 5.9 , 9.3 , 9.2 , 11.1 , and 13.2 mm Hg in the placebo , 20- , 50- , 100- , and 150-mg groups , respectively . The reductions achieved in each of the nifedipine SR groups were statistically significant versus baseline values ( p less than 0.001 ) . All nifedipine-SR doses reduced supine systolic blood pressure significantly more than placebo ( p less than 0.001 ) . In addition , there was a significant linear relationship between the log of the dose and the blood pressure reduction ( p less than 0.05 ) . Automated ambulatory blood pressure recordings performed in 221 of the patients showed that the blood pressure was lowered evenly through the entire 24-hour dosing period . The doses that were effective and associated with the fewest adverse reactions were 20 mg and 50 mg once daily ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1586 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20882", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "once-daily monotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20883", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "new sustained-release ( SR ) formulation of nifedipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 306, 360 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20884", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 375, 382 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20885", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "placebo or nifedipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 549, 570 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20886", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nifedipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20887", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 375, 382 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20888", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Effectiveness" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 13 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20889", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy and tolerability" ], "offsets": [ [ 260, 285 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20890", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean supine diastolic blood pressure reductions" ], "offsets": [ [ 711, 758 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20891", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "reduced supine systolic blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 1064, 1102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20892", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "log of the dose" ], "offsets": [ [ 1229, 1244 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20893", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood pressure reduction" ], "offsets": [ [ 733, 757 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20894", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Automated ambulatory blood pressure recordings" ], "offsets": [ [ 1301, 1347 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20895", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 733, 747 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20896", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "2 separate multicenter" ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 133 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20898", "type": "document", "text": [ "Low-dose angiotensin II receptor antagonists and angiotensin II-converting enzyme inhibitors alone or in combination for treatment of primary glomerulonephritis . OBJECTIVE The renin-angiotensin system is thought to be involved in the progression of chronic renal diseases of both diabetic and non-diabetic origin . It has been confirmed that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors ( ACEIs ) and angiotensin II receptor blockers ( ARBs ) reduce urinary protein excretion and attenuate the development of renal injury . Clinical data comparing the renal effects of ACEIs and ARBs , either singly or in combination , are scarce and usually concern the use of standard or high doses . MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a prospective , randomized , 9-month study of the effects of low doses of losartan ( 25 mg ; n = 18 ) versus enalapril ( 10 mg ; n = 18 ) versus the combination of losartan ( 25 mg ) and enalapril ( 10 mg ) ( n = 16 ) on proteinuria , kidney function and metabolic profile in 54 patients with biopsy-proven chronic glomerulonephritis , hypertension and normal or slightly impaired kidney function . The clinical evaluation and laboratory tests were performed before treatment ( baseline ) and after 3 and 9 months of therapy . RESULTS After 3 months , significant decreases in proteinuria were observed in all groups : losartan , 22.6 % ( p = 0.02 ) ; enalapril , 43 % ( p = 0.012 ) ; and combined therapy , 63 % ( p = 0.001 ) . This anti-proteinuric effect was even greater after 9 months of therapy : losartan , 44.2 % ( p = 0.02 ) ; enalapril , 49.6 % ( p = 0.02 ) ; and combined therapy , 51 % ( p = 0.003 ) . There was no significant difference between losartan and enalapril with respect to their impact on proteinuria level . Proteinuria reduction was significantly greater in patients receiving combined therapy in comparison with losartan treatment after 3 months of therapy ( p = 0.02 ) . Creatinine clearance and serum creatinine were stable during the entire study period in all patients . No significant changes in lipids , serum uric acid or protein levels were observed . CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that proteinuria is reduced by low doses of losartan or enalapril . The combination of these drugs seems to be beneficial and may offer an additional renoprotective effect . This needs to be confirmed in a study with a larger sample size ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2375 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20899", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "Low-dose angiotensin II receptor antagonists and angiotensin II-converting enzyme inhibitors alone or in combination" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 116 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20900", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "losartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 788, 796 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20901", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enalapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 823, 832 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20902", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "combination of losartan ( 25 mg ) and enalapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 863, 910 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20903", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "proteinuria , kidney function and metabolic profile" ], "offsets": [ [ 935, 986 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20904", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "clinical evaluation and laboratory tests" ], "offsets": [ [ 1117, 1157 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20905", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "proteinuria" ], "offsets": [ [ 935, 946 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20906", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "anti-proteinuric effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 1448, 1471 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20907", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "proteinuria" ], "offsets": [ [ 935, 946 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20908", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Proteinuria reduction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1747, 1768 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20909", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Creatinine clearance and serum creatinine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1913, 1954 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20910", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "changes in lipids , serum uric acid or protein levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 2031, 2084 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20911", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic glomerulonephritis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1021, 1047 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20912", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 1050, 1062 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20913", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "impaired kidney function" ], "offsets": [ [ 1086, 1110 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20915", "type": "document", "text": [ "Abacavir once or twice daily combined with once-daily lamivudine and efavirenz for the treatment of antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected adults : results of the Ziagen Once Daily in Antiretroviral Combination Study . The long intracellular half-life of abacavir ( ABC ) supports its once-daily use , and this would be expected to simplify treatment if ABC could be given as part of a complete once-daily regimen . A randomized double-blind clinical trial compared the efficacy and safety of 600 mg of ABC administered once daily ( n = 384 ) versus 300 mg of ABC administered twice daily ( n = 386 ) in combination with 300 mg of lamivudine ( 3TC ) and 600 mg of efavirenz ( EFV ) administered once daily in antiretroviral-naive patients over 48 weeks . The baseline median plasma HIV-1 RNA level was 4.89 log10 copies/mL ( 44 % with viral load > 100,000 copies/mL ) , and the median CD4 cell count was 262 cells/mm . ABC administered once daily was non-inferior to the twice-daily regimen , with 66 % and 68 % of patients in these respective treatment arms achieving a confirmed plasma HIV-1 RNA level < 50 copies/mL ( 95 % confidence interval : -8.4 % , 4.9 % ) . The ABC once-daily and twice-daily regimens were similar with respect to infrequency of virologic failure ( 10 % vs. 8 % ) , emergence of resistance mutations , CD4 cell increases from baseline ( median , 188 vs. 200 cells/mm ) , safety profile , and incidence of ABC-related hypersensitivity reactions ( 9 % vs. 7 % ) . ABC administered once daily in combination with 3TC and EFV administered once daily was non-inferior to the ABC twice-daily dosing schedule when combined with 3TC and EFV over 48 weeks ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1669 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20916", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Abacavir" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 8 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20917", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lamivudine and efavirenz" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 78 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20918", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Ziagen" ], "offsets": [ [ 158, 164 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20919", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "abacavir ( ABC )" ], "offsets": [ [ 250, 266 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20920", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ABC" ], "offsets": [ [ 261, 264 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20921", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ABC" ], "offsets": [ [ 261, 264 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20922", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ABC" ], "offsets": [ [ 261, 264 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20923", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lamivudine ( 3TC )" ], "offsets": [ [ 626, 644 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20924", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "efavirenz ( EFV )" ], "offsets": [ [ 659, 676 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20925", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ABC" ], "offsets": [ [ 261, 264 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20926", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ABC" ], "offsets": [ [ 261, 264 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20927", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ABC-related" ], "offsets": [ [ 1426, 1437 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20928", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ABC" ], "offsets": [ [ 261, 264 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20929", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "3TC" ], "offsets": [ [ 639, 642 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20930", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "EFV" ], "offsets": [ [ 671, 674 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20931", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ABC" ], "offsets": [ [ 261, 264 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20932", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "3TC" ], "offsets": [ [ 639, 642 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20933", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "EFV" ], "offsets": [ [ 671, 674 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20934", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "antiretroviral-naive" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 120 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20935", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 465, 473 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20936", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 478, 484 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20937", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "baseline median plasma HIV-1 RNA level" ], "offsets": [ [ 754, 792 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20938", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma HIV-1 RNA level" ], "offsets": [ [ 770, 792 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20939", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "infrequency of virologic failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 1235, 1267 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20940", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "emergence of resistance mutations , CD4 cell increases from baseline" ], "offsets": [ [ 1287, 1355 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20941", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "safety profile" ], "offsets": [ [ 1392, 1406 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20942", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "incidence of ABC-related hypersensitivity reactions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1413, 1464 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20943", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 133 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20944", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adults" ], "offsets": [ [ 134, 140 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20945", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "antiretroviral-naive" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 120 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20947", "type": "document", "text": [ "Controlled clinical trial of IV cyclophosphamide versus IV methylprednisolone in severe neurological manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus . BACKGROUND Severe neurological involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus ( NPSLE ) is one of the most dreadful complications of the disease . OBJECTIVE To identify the best drug , dose , and treatment . PATIENTS AND METHODS The study was a controlled clinical trial at two tertiary care centres of patients with SLE according to the ACR criteria , with incident ( no more than 15 days ) onset of severe NP manifestations such as seizures , optic neuritis , peripheral or cranial neuropathy , coma , brainstem disease , or transverse myelitis . Induction treatment with 3 g of IV methylprednisolone ( MP ) followed by either IV monthly cyclophosphamide ( Cy ) versus IV MP bimonthly every 4 months for 1 year and then IV Cy or IV MP every 3 months for another year . The primary end point was response to treatment : at least 20 % improvement from basal conditions on clinical , laboratory , or specific neurological testing variables . RESULTS Overall , a response rate of 75 % was observed . Of the 32 patients studied , 18/19 receiving Cy and 7/13 receiving MP responded to treatment ( p < 0.03 ) . CONCLUSIONS Cy seems to be more effective than MP in the treatment of acute , severe NPSLE ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1345 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20948", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cyclophosphamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 48 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20949", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "methylprednisolone" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 77 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20950", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "methylprednisolone" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 77 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20951", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cyclophosphamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 48 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20952", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "IV MP bimonthly" ], "offsets": [ [ 818, 833 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20953", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "response to treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 944, 965 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20954", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "20 % improvement from basal conditions" ], "offsets": [ [ 977, 1015 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20955", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "clinical , laboratory , or specific neurological testing variables" ], "offsets": [ [ 1019, 1085 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20956", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "response rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1108, 1121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20957", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effective" ], "offsets": [ [ 1285, 1294 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "20959", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effects of long-term vitamin E supplementation on cardiovascular events and cancer : a randomized controlled trial . CONTEXT Experimental and epidemiological data suggest that vitamin E supplementation may prevent cancer and cardiovascular events . Clinical trials have generally failed to confirm benefits , possibly due to their relatively short duration . OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether long-term supplementation with vitamin E decreases the risk of cancer , cancer death , and major cardiovascular events . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PATIENTS A randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled international trial ( the initial Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation [ HOPE ] trial conducted between December 21 , 1993 , and April 15 , 1999 ) of patients at least 55 years old with vascular disease or diabetes mellitus was extended ( HOPE-The Ongoing Outcomes [ HOPE-TOO ] ) between April 16 , 1999 , and May 26 , 2003 . Of the initial 267 HOPE centers that had enrolled 9541 patients , 174 centers participated in the HOPE-TOO trial . Of 7030 patients enrolled at these centers , 916 were deceased at the beginning of the extension , 1382 refused participation , 3994 continued to take the study intervention , and 738 agreed to passive follow-up . Median duration of follow-up was 7.0 years . INTERVENTION Daily dose of natural source vitamin E ( 400 IU ) or matching placebo . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcomes included cancer incidence , cancer deaths , and major cardiovascular events ( myocardial infarction , stroke , and cardiovascular death ) . Secondary outcomes included heart failure , unstable angina , and revascularizations . RESULTS Among all HOPE patients , there were no significant differences in the primary analysis : for cancer incidence , there were 552 patients ( 11.6 % ) in the vitamin E group vs 586 ( 12.3 % ) in the placebo group ( relative risk [ RR ] , 0.94 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.84-1.06 ; P = .30 ) ; for cancer deaths , 156 ( 3.3 % ) vs 178 ( 3.7 % ) , respectively ( RR , 0.88 ; 95 % CI , 0.71-1.09 ; P = .24 ) ; and for major cardiovascular events , 1022 ( 21.5 % ) vs 985 ( 20.6 % ) , respectively ( RR , 1.04 ; 95 % CI , 0.96-1.14 ; P = .34 ) . Patients in the vitamin E group had a higher risk of heart failure ( RR , 1.13 ; 95 % CI , 1.01-1.26 ; P = .03 ) and hospitalization for heart failure ( RR , 1.21 ; 95 % CI , 1.00-1.47 ; P = .045 ) . Similarly , among patients enrolled at the centers participating in the HOPE-TOO trial , there were no differences in cancer incidence , cancer deaths , and major cardiovascular events , but higher rates of heart failure and hospitalizations for heart failure . CONCLUSION In patients with vascular disease or diabetes mellitus , long-term vitamin E supplementation does not prevent cancer or major cardiovascular events and may increase the risk for heart failure ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2865 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20960", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "long-term vitamin E supplementation" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20961", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vitamin E supplementation" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20962", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "long-term supplementation with vitamin E" ], "offsets": [ [ 389, 429 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20963", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Daily dose of natural source vitamin E ( 400 IU )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1304, 1353 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20964", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 572, 579 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20965", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vitamin E" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20966", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 572, 579 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20967", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vitamin E" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20968", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "long-term vitamin E supplementation" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20969", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cardiovascular events and cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20970", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "risk of cancer ," ], "offsets": [ [ 444, 460 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20971", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "cancer death" ], "offsets": [ [ 461, 473 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20972", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ ", and major cardiovascular events" ], "offsets": [ [ 474, 507 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20973", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cancer incidence ," ], "offsets": [ [ 1424, 1442 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20974", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "cancer deaths" ], "offsets": [ [ 1443, 1456 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20975", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ ", and major cardiovascular events ( myocardial infarction , stroke , and cardiovascular death )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1457, 1552 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20976", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "heart failure , unstable angina , and revascularizations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1583, 1639 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20977", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cancer incidence" ], "offsets": [ [ 1424, 1440 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20978", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "cancer deaths" ], "offsets": [ [ 1443, 1456 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20979", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "major cardiovascular events" ], "offsets": [ [ 480, 507 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20980", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "risk of heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 2244, 2265 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20981", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "hospitalization for heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 2316, 2349 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20982", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cancer incidence" ], "offsets": [ [ 1424, 1440 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20983", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "cancer deaths" ], "offsets": [ [ 1443, 1456 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20984", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "major cardiovascular events" ], "offsets": [ [ 480, 507 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20985", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rates of heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 2597, 2619 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20986", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "hospitalizations for heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 2624, 2658 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20987", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20988", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "major cardiovascular events" ], "offsets": [ [ 480, 507 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20989", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "risk for heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 2841, 2863 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20990", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "cardiovascular events" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20991", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20992", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20993", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "cardiovascular events" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20994", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20995", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "cardiovascular events" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20996", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "at least 55 years old" ], "offsets": [ [ 750, 771 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20997", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "vascular disease or diabetes mellitus" ], "offsets": [ [ 777, 814 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20998", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "9541" ], "offsets": [ [ 967, 971 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "20999", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "7030" ], "offsets": [ [ 1035, 1039 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21000", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "916" ], "offsets": [ [ 1077, 1080 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21001", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "1382" ], "offsets": [ [ 1131, 1135 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21002", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "3994" ], "offsets": [ [ 1160, 1164 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21003", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "738" ], "offsets": [ [ 1212, 1215 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21004", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "vascular disease or diabetes mellitus" ], "offsets": [ [ 777, 814 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21006", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effect of a nutritional supplement containing vitamin E , selenium , vitamin c and coenzyme Q10 on serum PSA in patients with hormonally untreated carcinoma of the prostate : a randomised placebo-controlled study . OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of a nutritional supplement containing vitamin E , selenium , vitamin C and coenzyme Q10 on changes in serum levels of PSA in patients with hormonally untreated carcinoma of the prostate and rising serum PSA levels . METHODS Eighty patients were randomised to receive a daily supplement with either vitamin E , selenium , vitamin C , coenzyme Q10 ( intervention group ) or placebo over 21 weeks . Serum levels of PSA were assessed at baseline ( -2 , -1 , 0 weeks ) and after 6 , 13 , 19 , 20 and 21 weeks . Mean changes in log serum level of PSA , testosterone , dihydrotestosterone , luteinizing hormone and sex hormone binding globulin over 21 weeks between the verum and the placebo group were compared by analysis of covariance . RESULTS Seventy patients completed the study ( 36 verum ; 34 placebo ) . Compliance was > 90 % in all patients . In the intervention group , plasma levels of vitamin E , selenium and coenzyme Q10 increased significantly over the 21 weeks study period . No significant differences in serum levels of PSA , testosterone , dihydrotestosterone , luteinizing hormone or sex hormone binding globulin ( p > 0.2 ) were observed between the intervention and control group . CONCLUSION Our results indicate that supplementation of a combination of vitamin E , selenium , vitamin C and coenzyme-Q10 does not affect serum level of PSA or hormone levels in patients with hormonally untreated carcinoma of the prostate ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1686 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21007", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nutritional supplement containing vitamin E" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21008", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "selenium" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21009", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vitamin c" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 78 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21010", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "coenzyme Q10" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 95 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21011", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vitamin E" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21012", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "selenium" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21013", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vitamin C" ], "offsets": [ [ 308, 317 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21014", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "coenzyme Q10" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 95 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21015", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vitamin E" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21016", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "selenium" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21017", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vitamin C" ], "offsets": [ [ 308, 317 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21018", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "coenzyme Q10" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 95 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21019", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 188, 195 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21020", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vitamin E" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21021", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "selenium" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21022", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "coenzyme Q10" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 95 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21023", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vitamin E" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21024", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "selenium" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21025", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vitamin C" ], "offsets": [ [ 308, 317 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21026", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "coenzyme-Q10" ], "offsets": [ [ 1555, 1567 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21027", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum levels of PSA" ], "offsets": [ [ 349, 368 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21028", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum PSA levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 444, 460 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21029", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Serum levels of PSA" ], "offsets": [ [ 643, 662 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21030", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum level of PSA , testosterone , dihydrotestosterone , luteinizing hormone and sex hormone binding globulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 773, 883 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21031", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma levels of vitamin E , selenium and coenzyme Q10" ], "offsets": [ [ 1121, 1175 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21032", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum levels of PSA , testosterone , dihydrotestosterone , luteinizing hormone or sex hormone binding globulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1263, 1373 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21033", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum level of PSA or hormone levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1584, 1620 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21034", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hormonally untreated carcinoma of the prostate :" ], "offsets": [ [ 126, 174 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21035", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "with hormonally untreated carcinoma of the prostate" ], "offsets": [ [ 121, 172 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21036", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "rising serum PSA levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 437, 460 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21037", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Eighty patients were randomised" ], "offsets": [ [ 471, 502 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21038", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Seventy patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 988, 1004 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21039", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "36 verum" ], "offsets": [ [ 1027, 1035 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21040", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "34 placebo )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1038, 1050 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21041", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hormonally untreated carcinoma of the prostate" ], "offsets": [ [ 126, 172 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21043", "type": "document", "text": [ "Prospective randomised trial of amifostine cytoprotection in myeloma patients undergoing high-dose melphalan conditioned autologous stem cell transplantation . In this prospective multicentre trial , 90 patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation ( ASCT ) were randomised to receive ( n=43 ) or not receive ( n=47 ) amifostine 910 mg/m ( 2 ) prior to melphalan 200 mg/m ( 2 ) . Patients were monitored for regimen-related toxicity , engraftment , supportive care , response and survival . Both groups underwent ASCT at a median of 8 months from diagnosis and were matched for disease characteristics , prior therapy and pre-ASCT disease responsiveness . Amifostine infusional side-effects were frequent , occurring in 65 % of patients , but of mild severity . Amifostine use was associated with a reduction in the median grade of oral mucositis ( 1 vs 2 , P=0.01 ) and the frequency of severe ( WHO grades 3 or 4 ) mucositis ( 12 vs 33 % , P=0.02 ) , but no reduction in the requirement for parenteral nutrition or analgesic use . Conversion to complete remission post-ASCT occurred in 30 and 14 % of the amifostine and control groups , respectively ( P=0.09 ) . With a median follow-up of 35 months , there was no statistically significant difference between the median progression-free or overall survival times for the two groups . We conclude that amifostine can be safely administered prior to high-dose melphalan and significantly reduces the frequency and severity of therapy-induced oral mucositis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1520 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21044", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amifostine cytoprotection" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21045", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "high-dose melphalan" ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 108 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21046", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amifostine 910 mg/m ( 2 ) prior to melphalan 200 mg/m ( 2 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 329, 388 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21047", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Amifostine" ], "offsets": [ [ 667, 677 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21048", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Amifostine" ], "offsets": [ [ 667, 677 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21049", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amifostine" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21050", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amifostine" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21051", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "regimen-related toxicity , engraftment , supportive care , response and survival ." ], "offsets": [ [ 419, 501 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21052", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "reduction" ], "offsets": [ [ 810, 819 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21053", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "median grade of oral mucositis" ], "offsets": [ [ 827, 857 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21054", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "frequency of severe ( WHO grades 3 or 4 ) mucositis" ], "offsets": [ [ 886, 937 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21055", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "post-ASCT" ], "offsets": [ [ 1077, 1086 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21056", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "median progression-free or overall survival times" ], "offsets": [ [ 1277, 1326 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21057", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "frequency and severity of therapy-induced oral mucositis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1462, 1520 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21058", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "90" ], "offsets": [ [ 200, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21059", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autologous stem cell transplantation ( ASCT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 223, 268 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21061", "type": "document", "text": [ "A comparison of the efficacy of heparinized and nonheparinized solutions for maintenance of perioperative radial arterial catheter patency and subsequent occlusion . In a randomized , double-blind , controlled study , we compared heparinized and nonheparinized infusions for the maintenance of perioperative arterial catheter patency and the incidence of subsequent radial arterial occlusion . Two-hundred patients were randomized into 2 groups to receive heparinized ( group H , n = 100 ) or nonheparinized ( group S , n = 100 ) flush solutions . Radial and ulnar blood flows were assessed using Doppler probe and pulse oximetry before , just after , and 24 h after decannulation by the same investigator . The cannulation site was examined for complications such as hematoma , nerve injury , and infection . The mean duration of cannulations was 378 +/- 159.0 min in group H and 332 +/- 154.6 min in group S. The mean number of corrective interventions caused by dampening of the pressure wave ( mean number of positional changes [ group S , 1.5 +/- 2.0 ; group H , 1.4 +/- 3.8 ] and mean number of manual flushes [ group S , 1.3 +/- 1.7 ; group H , 1.2 +/- 1.2 ] ) was not significantly different in both groups . After decannulation , partial or total occlusion developed in 20 group H patients and 16 group S patients ( not significant ) . The incidence of occlusion was correlated to the presence of hematoma at the puncture site after decannulation ( P = 0.013 ) , long duration of cannulation ( P = 0.04 ) , and age < 65 yr ( P = 0.009 ) . In conclusion , there is no significant difference between heparinized and nonheparinized flush solutions for the maintenance of perioperative radial artery catheter patency ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1723 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21062", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "heparinized and nonheparinized solutions" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21063", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "heparinized and nonheparinized infusions" ], "offsets": [ [ 230, 270 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21064", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "heparinized" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21065", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nonheparinized" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21066", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "flush solutions" ], "offsets": [ [ 530, 545 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21067", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Radial and ulnar blood flows were assessed using Doppler probe and pulse oximetry before , just after , and 24 h after decannulation by the same investigator ." ], "offsets": [ [ 548, 707 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21068", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "heparinized and nonheparinized flush solutions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1607, 1653 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21069", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "maintenance of perioperative radial arterial catheter patency" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 138 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21070", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "subsequent occlusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 143, 163 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21071", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "maintenance of perioperative arterial catheter patency" ], "offsets": [ [ 279, 333 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21072", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "incidence of subsequent radial arterial occlusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 342, 391 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21073", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Radial and ulnar blood flows" ], "offsets": [ [ 548, 576 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21074", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Doppler probe and pulse oximetry" ], "offsets": [ [ 597, 629 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21075", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "decannulation" ], "offsets": [ [ 667, 680 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21076", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "complications such as hematoma , nerve injury , and infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 746, 807 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21077", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "cannulations" ], "offsets": [ [ 831, 843 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21078", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "partial or total occlusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 1239, 1265 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21079", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "occlusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 154, 163 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21080", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hematoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 768, 776 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21081", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "long duration of cannulation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1472, 1500 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21082", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "maintenance of perioperative radial artery catheter patency" ], "offsets": [ [ 1662, 1721 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21083", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "perioperative radial arterial catheter" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 130 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21085", "type": "document", "text": [ "The effect of levetiracetam on essential tremor . The effect of a single dose of 1,000 mg of levetiracetam on essential tremor was investigated in 24 patients in a double-blind , placebo-controlled trial . There was a significant reduction of hand tremor for at least 2 hours as measured by accelerometry and functional tests ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 327 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21086", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "levetiracetam" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21087", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "1,000 mg of levetiracetam" ], "offsets": [ [ 81, 106 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21088", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 179, 197 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21089", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "essential tremor" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21090", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hand tremor" ], "offsets": [ [ 243, 254 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21092", "type": "document", "text": [ "DNA as a carrier for anthracyclines in the treatment of acute myelocytic leukemia ( AML ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 91 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21093", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "anthracyclines" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21094", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "acute myelocytic leukemia ( AML ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 91 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21095", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "acute myelocytic leukemia ( AML )" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 89 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21097", "type": "document", "text": [ "Stapled hemorrhoidopexy vs. Harmonic Scalpel hemorrhoidectomy : a randomized trial . PURPOSE A randomized trial was undertaken to evaluate and compare stapled hemorrhoidopexy with excisional hemorrhoidectomy in which the Harmonic Scalpel was used . METHODS Patients with Grade III hemorrhoids who were employed during the trial period were recruited and randomized into two groups : ( 1 ) Harmonic Scalpel hemorrhoidectomy , and ( 2 ) stapled hemorrhoidopexy . All operations were performed by a single surgeon . In the stapled group , the doughnut obtained was sent for histopathologic examination to determine whether smooth muscles were included in the specimen . Operative data and complications were recorded , and patients were followed up through a structured pro forma protocol . An independent assessor was assigned to obtain postoperative pain scores and satisfaction scores at six-month follow-up . Patients were also administered a simple questionnaire at follow-up to assess continence functions . RESULTS Over a 20-month period , 88 patients were recruited . The two groups were matched for age and gender distribution . No significant difference was identified between the two groups in terms of operation time , blood loss , day of first bowel movement after surgery , and complication rates . Despite a similar parenteral and oral analgesic requirement , the stapled group had a significantly better pain score ( P = 0.002 ) ; these patients also had a significantly shorter length of stay ( P = 0.02 ) , and on average resumed work nine days earlier than the group treated with the Harmonic Scalpel ( 6.7 vs. 15.6 , P = 0.002 ) . Although 88 percent of doughnuts obtained in the stapled group contained some smooth muscle fibers , no association was found between smooth muscle incorporation and postoperative continence function , and as a whole the continence outcomes of the stapled group were similar to those after Harmonic Scalpel hemorrhoidectomy . Finally , at six-month follow-up , patients who underwent the stapled procedure had significantly better satisfaction scores ( P = 0.001 ) . CONCLUSION Stapled hemorrhoidopexy is a safe and effective procedure for Grade III hemorrhoidal disease . Patients derive greater short-term benefits of reduced pain , shorter length of stay , and earlier resumption to work . Long-term follow-up is necessary to determine whether these initial results are lasting ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2430 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21098", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Stapled hemorrhoidopexy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 23 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21099", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Harmonic Scalpel hemorrhoidectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21100", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "stapled hemorrhoidopexy with excisional hemorrhoidectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 151, 207 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21101", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Harmonic Scalpel hemorrhoidectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21102", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "stapled hemorrhoidopexy" ], "offsets": [ [ 151, 174 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21103", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "simple questionnaire" ], "offsets": [ [ 944, 964 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21104", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "stapled" ], "offsets": [ [ 151, 158 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21105", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Stapled hemorrhoidopexy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 23 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21106", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 849, 860 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21107", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "satisfaction scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 865, 884 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21108", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "operation time" ], "offsets": [ [ 1211, 1225 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21109", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 1228, 1238 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21110", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "day of first bowel movement after surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 1241, 1282 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21111", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "complication rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 1289, 1307 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21112", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain score" ], "offsets": [ [ 849, 859 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21113", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "length of stay" ], "offsets": [ [ 1492, 1506 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21114", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "smooth muscle fibers" ], "offsets": [ [ 1726, 1746 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21115", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "smooth muscle incorporation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1782, 1809 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21116", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "postoperative continence function" ], "offsets": [ [ 1814, 1847 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21117", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "satisfaction scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 865, 884 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21118", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safe and effective" ], "offsets": [ [ 2155, 2173 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21119", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 849, 853 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21120", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "shorter length of stay" ], "offsets": [ [ 1484, 1506 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21121", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "earlier resumption to work" ], "offsets": [ [ 2312, 2338 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21122", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Patients with Grade III hemorrhoids who were employed during the trial period" ], "offsets": [ [ 257, 334 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21124", "type": "document", "text": [ "Comparison of intravenous and intra-arterial urokinase thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke . Intravenous fibrinolysis ( IVF ) with rt-PA ( alteplase ) provides significant benefits in acute ischaemic stroke when it is given within the first three hours following stroke onset . Intra-arterial fibrinolysis ( IAF ) with pro-urokinase in PROACT II study provides quite the same benefit in the first 6 hours . IVF and IAF have never been compared . To compare the efficacy and safety of IVF and IAF with urokinase given within the first 6 hours of acute ischaemic stroke . Patients fulfilling the selection criteria were randomly assigned to receive urokinase 900,000 units via intravenous or intra-arterial routes . This randomised monocentre study was done between December 1995 and August 1997 . The primary outcome was defined as the number of patients with a modified Rankin score of 2 or less . Secondary outcomes included mortality , frequency of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage ( SIH ) , neurological and functional scores . Fourteen patients were given IVF and 13 IAF . The study was terminated by the National Health Authorities when 27 patients had been included because of the mortality rate . Seven patients ( 26 % ) died , 4 in the IV group ( oedematous infarct in 3 and recurrence in 1 ) , 3 in the IA group ( SIH in 2 , and oedematous infarct in 1 ) . Patients given IVF were treated significantly earlier ( 4:16 h vs 5:24 h ; p=.007 ) . Although IA patients showed greater and earlier improvement there was no significant difference in primary and secondary outcomes . Because of premature termination , the trial was too small to provide any reliable and conclusive results . Intra-arterial fibrinolysis began significantly later than IV fibrinolysis but it gave non-significantly better results in this prematurely terminated study ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1858 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21125", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Intravenous fibrinolysis ( IVF ) with rt-PA ( alteplase )" ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 154 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21126", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Intra-arterial fibrinolysis ( IAF ) with pro-urokinase" ], "offsets": [ [ 282, 336 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21127", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "IVF" ], "offsets": [ [ 124, 127 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21128", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "IAF" ], "offsets": [ [ 312, 315 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21129", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "IVF" ], "offsets": [ [ 124, 127 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21130", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "IAF" ], "offsets": [ [ 312, 315 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21131", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "urokinase" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21132", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "IVF" ], "offsets": [ [ 124, 127 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21133", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "IAF" ], "offsets": [ [ 312, 315 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21134", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "IVF" ], "offsets": [ [ 124, 127 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21135", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy and safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 465, 484 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21136", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "number of patients with a modified Rankin score of 2 or less" ], "offsets": [ [ 839, 899 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21137", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 930, 939 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21138", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "frequency of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage ( SIH )" ], "offsets": [ [ 942, 999 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21139", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "neurological and functional scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 1002, 1036 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21140", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "acute ischaemic stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21141", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Fourteen" ], "offsets": [ [ 1039, 1047 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21142", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "27" ], "offsets": [ [ 1150, 1152 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21144", "type": "document", "text": [ "Comparison of warfarin and aspirin for symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis . BACKGROUND Atherosclerotic intracranial arterial stenosis is an important cause of stroke . Warfarin is commonly used in preference to aspirin for this disorder , but these therapies have not been compared in a randomized trial . METHODS We randomly assigned patients with transient ischemic attack or stroke caused by angiographically verified 50 to 99 percent stenosis of a major intracranial artery to receive warfarin ( target international normalized ratio , 2.0 to 3.0 ) or aspirin ( 1300 mg per day ) in a double-blind , multicenter clinical trial . The primary end point was ischemic stroke , brain hemorrhage , or death from vascular causes other than stroke . RESULTS After 569 patients had undergone randomization , enrollment was stopped because of concerns about the safety of the patients who had been assigned to receive warfarin . During a mean follow-up period of 1.8 years , adverse events in the two groups included death ( 4.3 percent in the aspirin group vs. 9.7 percent in the warfarin group ; hazard ratio for aspirin relative to warfarin , 0.46 ; 95 percent confidence interval , 0.23 to 0.90 ; P=0.02 ) , major hemorrhage ( 3.2 percent vs. 8.3 percent , respectively ; hazard ratio , 0.39 ; 95 percent confidence interval , 0.18 to 0.84 ; P=0.01 ) , and myocardial infarction or sudden death ( 2.9 percent vs. 7.3 percent , respectively ; hazard ratio , 0.40 ; 95 percent confidence interval , 0.18 to 0.91 ; P=0.02 ) . The rate of death from vascular causes was 3.2 percent in the aspirin group and 5.9 percent in the warfarin group ( P=0.16 ) ; the rate of death from nonvascular causes was 1.1 percent and 3.8 percent , respectively ( P=0.05 ) . The primary end point occurred in 22.1 percent of the patients in the aspirin group and 21.8 percent of those in the warfarin group ( hazard ratio , 1.04 ; 95 percent confidence interval , 0.73 to 1.48 ; P=0.83 ) . CONCLUSIONS Warfarin was associated with significantly higher rates of adverse events and provided no benefit over aspirin in this trial . Aspirin should be used in preference to warfarin for patients with intracranial arterial stenosis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2211 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21145", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21146", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "aspirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21147", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21148", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "aspirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21149", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "warfarin ." ], "offsets": [ [ 920, 930 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21150", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "aspirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21151", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "aspirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21152", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21153", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 176, 184 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21154", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Aspirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2112, 2119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21155", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ischemic stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 667, 682 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21156", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "brain hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 685, 701 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21157", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 707, 712 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21158", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 167, 173 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21159", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "adverse events" ], "offsets": [ [ 977, 991 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21160", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 707, 712 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21161", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "major hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 1214, 1230 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21162", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "myocardial infarction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1363, 1384 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21163", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "sudden death" ], "offsets": [ [ 1388, 1400 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21164", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "rate of death" ], "offsets": [ [ 1533, 1546 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21165", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "rate of death" ], "offsets": [ [ 1533, 1546 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21166", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with intracranial arterial stenosis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 2165, 2211 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21168", "type": "document", "text": [ "B-domain deleted recombinant factor VIII preparations are bioequivalent to a monoclonal antibody purified plasma-derived factor VIII concentrate : a randomized , three-way crossover study . BACKGROUND Deletion of the B-domain of recombinant blood coagulation factor VIII ( BDDrFVIII ) increases the manufacturing yield of the product but does not impair in vitro or in vivo functionality . BDDrFVIII ( ReFacto ) has been developed with the additional benefit of being formulated without human albumin . OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this three-way crossover-design study was to compare the pharmacokinetic ( PK ) parameters of two BDDrFVIII formulations ( one reconstituted with 5 mL of sterile water , the other reconstituted with 4 mL sodium chloride 0.9 % USP ) with those of a plasma-derived , full-length FVIII preparation ( Hemofil M ) in patients with haemophilia A to determine bioequivalence . METHODS A series of blood samples were collected over a period of 48 h after i.v . administration of each of the FVIII preparations . Plasma FVIII activity was determined using a validated chromogenic substrate assay . Plasma FVIII activity vs. time curves was characterized for a standard set of PK parameter estimates . Two parameter estimates , the maximum plasma concentration ( Cmax ) and the area under plasma concentration vs. time curves ( AUCs ) , were used to evaluate bioequivalence . The two preparations were considered bioequivalent if the 90 % confidence intervals for the ratio of geometric means for Cmax and AUCs fell within the bioequivalence window of 80 % to 125 % . RESULTS/CONCLUSION Results show that each BDDrFVIII formulation is bioequivalent to Hemofil M and the two formulations of BDDrFVIII are bioequivalent to each other ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1761 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21169", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "B-domain deleted recombinant factor VIII preparations" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21170", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "BDDrFVIII formulations ( one reconstituted with 5 mL of sterile water , the other reconstituted with 4 mL sodium chloride 0.9 % USP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 636, 769 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21171", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "full-length FVIII preparation ( Hemofil M )" ], "offsets": [ [ 803, 846 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21172", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "FVIII preparations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1021, 1039 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21173", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "BDDrFVIII formulation" ], "offsets": [ [ 636, 657 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21174", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood samples" ], "offsets": [ [ 928, 941 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21175", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Plasma FVIII activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1042, 1063 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21176", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Plasma FVIII activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1042, 1063 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21177", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "time curves" ], "offsets": [ [ 1153, 1164 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21178", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "maximum plasma concentration ( Cmax ) and the area under plasma concentration vs. time curves ( AUCs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1260, 1360 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21179", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ratio of geometric means for Cmax and AUCs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1496, 1538 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21180", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "bioequivalent" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21181", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "haemophilia A" ], "offsets": [ [ 864, 877 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21183", "type": "document", "text": [ "Development of the WAIS-III general ability index estimate ( GAI-E ) . The WAIS-III General Ability Index ( GAI ; Tulsky , Saklofske , Wilkins , & Weiss , 2001 ) is a recently developed , 6-subtest measure of global intellectual functioning . However , clinical use of the GAI is currently limited by the absence of a method to estimate premorbid functioning as measured by this index . The purpose of this study was to develop regression equations to estimate GAI scores from demographic variables and WAIS-III subtest performance . Participants consisted of those subjects in the WAIS-III standardization sample that has complete demographic data ( N=2,401 ) and were randomly divided into two groups . The first group ( n=1,200 ) was used to develop the formulas ( i.e. , Development group ) and the second ( n=1,201 ) group was used to validate the prediction algorithms ( i.e. , Validation group ) . Demographic variables included age , education , ethnicity , gender and region of country . Subtest variables included vocabulary , information , picture completion , and matrix reasoning raw scores . Ten regression algorithms were generated designed to estimate GAI . The GAI-Estimate ( GAI-E ) algorithms accounted for 58 % to 82 % of the variance . The standard error of estimate ranged from 6.44 to 9.57 . The correlations between actual and estimated GAI ranged from r=.76 to r=.90 . These algorithms provided accurate estimates of GAI in the WAIS-III standardization sample . Implications for estimating GAI in patients with known or suspected neurological dysfunction is discussed and future research is proposed ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1626 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21184", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "develop the formulas" ], "offsets": [ [ 745, 765 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21185", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "validate the prediction algorithms" ], "offsets": [ [ 840, 874 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21186", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "GAI scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 461, 471 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21187", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "WAIS-III subtest performance" ], "offsets": [ [ 503, 531 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21188", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Demographic variables" ], "offsets": [ [ 905, 926 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21189", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "age" ], "offsets": [ [ 936, 939 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21190", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ethnicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 954, 963 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21191", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "gender" ], "offsets": [ [ 966, 972 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21192", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "region of country" ], "offsets": [ [ 977, 994 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21193", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "vocabulary" ], "offsets": [ [ 1024, 1034 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21194", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "information" ], "offsets": [ [ 1037, 1048 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21195", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "picture completion" ], "offsets": [ [ 1051, 1069 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21196", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "matrix reasoning raw scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 1076, 1103 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21197", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "GAI" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 64 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21198", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "GAI-Estimate ( GAI-E ) algorithms" ], "offsets": [ [ 1178, 1211 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21200", "type": "document", "text": [ "The influence of epidermal growth factor receptor and tumor differentiation on the response to accelerated radiotherapy of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck in the randomized DAHANCA 6 and 7 study . BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Reduction of the overall treatment time of radiotherapy has increased locoregional control and disease specific survival in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck ( HNSCC ) , but the response is heterogeneous . EGFr is often overexpressed in HNSCC and has been related to the repopulation taking place during radiotherapy . The aim of the current study was to address the influence of EGFr and histopathological differentiation when the overall treatment time of radiotherapy was moderately reduced . PATIENTS AND METHODS Eight hundred and three patients with representative pretreatment tissue samples from the randomized DAHANCA 6 and 7 study of 5 vs. 6 fx/wk of radiotherapy . EGFr was visualized using immunohistochemistry and separated into high and low expression before correlation with clinical data . RESULTS Tumors with high EGFr ( 84 % ) responded better to moderately accelerated radiotherapy , than carcinomas with low EGFr , using locoregional control as endpoint and a similar pattern was seen , stratifying by well/moderate vs. poor tumor differentiation . Therefore , a combined parameter was constructed showing a more prominent separation of response : tumors with high EGFr and well/moderate differentiation did benefit from moderate acceleration of treatment regarding locoregional control , HR 0.54 ( 0.37-0.78 ) , whereas such an effect was not seen in tumors with low EGFr and/or poor differentiation , HR 0.8 ( 0.51-1.25 ) . These results reflected the disease specific survival as well and were confirmed in multivariable analyses . CONCLUSIONS Moderately accelerated fractionation is superior to conventional treatment in HNSCC but the response is heterogeneous and may be predicted by high expression of EGFr and well/moderate tumor differentiation ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2019 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21201", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "epidermal growth factor receptor" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21202", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "radiotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21203", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "tumor differentiation" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 75 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21204", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "prominent separation of response" ], "offsets": [ [ 1378, 1410 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21205", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "disease specific survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 329, 354 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21206", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "expression of EGFr" ], "offsets": [ [ 1959, 1977 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21207", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "tumor differentiation" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 75 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21208", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 168 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21209", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck ( HNSCC" ], "offsets": [ [ 358, 411 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21210", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Eight hundred and three patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 763, 795 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21212", "type": "document", "text": [ "Stress reduction and analgesia in patients exposed to calming music postoperatively : a randomized controlled trial . BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This randomized controlled trial was designed to evaluate , first , whether intra- or postoperative music therapy could influence stress and immune response during and after general anaesthesia and second , if there was a different response between patients exposed to music intra- or postoperatively . METHOD Seventy-five patients undergoing open hernia repair as day care surgery were randomly allocated to three groups : intraoperative music , postoperative music and silence ( control group ) . Anaesthesia and postoperative analgesia were standardized and the same surgeon performed all the operations . Stress response was assessed during and after surgery by determining the plasma cortisol and blood glucose levels . Immune function was evaluated by studying immunoglobulin A ( IgA ) levels . Patients ' postoperative pain , anxiety , blood pressure ( BP ) , heart rate ( HR ) and oxygen saturation were also studied as stress markers . RESULTS There was a significantly greater decrease in the level of cortisol in the postoperative music group vs. the control group ( 206 and 72 mmol L ( -1 ) decreases , respectively ) after 2 h in the post anaesthesia care unit . The postoperative music group had less anxiety and pain and required less morphine after 1 h compared with the control group . In the postoperative music group the total requirement of morphine was significantly lower than in the control group . The intraoperative music group reported less pain after 1 h in the post anaesthesia care unit . There was no difference in IgA , blood glucose , BP , HR and oxygen saturation between the groups . CONCLUSION This study suggests that intraoperative music may decrease postoperative pain , and that postoperative music therapy may reduce anxiety , pain and morphine consumption ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1942 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21213", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "randomly allocated to three groups :" ], "offsets": [ [ 531, 567 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21214", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "intraoperative music" ], "offsets": [ [ 568, 588 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21215", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "," ], "offsets": [ [ 202, 203 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21216", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "postoperative music" ], "offsets": [ [ 230, 249 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21217", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "and" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21218", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "silence" ], "offsets": [ [ 615, 622 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21219", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "( control group )" ], "offsets": [ [ 623, 640 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21220", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Anaesthesia and postoperative analgesia were standardized" ], "offsets": [ [ 643, 700 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21221", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "surgeon performed all the operations" ], "offsets": [ [ 714, 750 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21222", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "plasma cortisol" ], "offsets": [ [ 826, 841 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21223", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "blood glucose levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 846, 866 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21224", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Immune function was evaluated by studying immunoglobulin A ( IgA ) levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 869, 942 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21225", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Patients ' postoperative" ], "offsets": [ [ 945, 969 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21226", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 970, 974 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21227", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "," ], "offsets": [ [ 202, 203 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21228", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "anxiety" ], "offsets": [ [ 977, 984 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21229", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ ", blood pressure ( BP ) , heart rate ( HR ) and oxygen saturation were also studied as stress markers" ], "offsets": [ [ 985, 1086 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21230", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "stress" ], "offsets": [ [ 274, 280 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21231", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "immune response" ], "offsets": [ [ 285, 300 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21232", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Stress response" ], "offsets": [ [ 753, 768 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21233", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma cortisol" ], "offsets": [ [ 826, 841 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21234", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood glucose levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 846, 866 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21235", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Immune function" ], "offsets": [ [ 869, 884 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21236", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "immunoglobulin A ( IgA ) levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 911, 942 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21237", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "Patients ' postoperative pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 945, 974 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21238", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "anxiety" ], "offsets": [ [ 977, 984 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21239", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood pressure ( BP ) , heart rate ( HR ) and oxygen saturation" ], "offsets": [ [ 987, 1050 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21240", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "stress markers" ], "offsets": [ [ 1072, 1086 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21241", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "level of cortisol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1147, 1164 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21242", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "anxiety" ], "offsets": [ [ 977, 984 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21243", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 970, 974 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21244", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "morphine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1394, 1402 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21245", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "morphine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1394, 1402 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21246", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 970, 974 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21247", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "IgA , blood glucose , BP , HR and oxygen saturation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1689, 1740 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21248", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "anxiety" ], "offsets": [ [ 977, 984 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21249", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 970, 974 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21250", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "morphine consumption" ], "offsets": [ [ 1920, 1940 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21252", "type": "document", "text": [ "Dairy products do not lead to alterations in body weight or fat mass in young women in a 1-y intervention . BACKGROUND Previous results suggested that increased intake of dairy calcium is associated with reduced weight and fat mass . OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether long-term increases in consumption of dairy calcium alter body weight and fat mass in young , healthy women . DESIGN We used a randomized , 1-y intervention for dairy calcium . Subjects were 155 young ( aged 18-30 y ) , healthy , normal-weight women with intake of dietary calcium < 800 mg/d and energy intake < /= 2200 kcal/d . Women were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups : 1 ) control : continue established dietary intake ; 2 ) medium dairy : substitute dairy products to achieve intake of calcium of approximately 1000-1100 mg/d and maintain isocaloric intake ; 3 ) high dairy : substitute dairy products to achieve intake of calcium of 1300-1400 mg/d and maintain isocaloric intake . The main outcome measures were 1-y changes in body weight ( in kg ) and fat mass ( in kg ) . One hundred thirty-five women completed the trial . RESULTS Mean intakes of calcium during the intervention were 742.4 +/- 321.5 , 1026.4 +/- 311.3 , and 1131.29 +/- 337.2 mg/d for the control , medium-dairy , and high-dairy groups , respectively ( P < 0.0001 ) . No significant differences were observed in the mean 1-y change in body weight between the control , medium-dairy , and high-dairy groups ( 0.8 +/- 2.8 , 0.7 +/- 3.0 , and 1.5 +/- 4.1 kg , respectively ; P = 0.45 ) . No significant differences were observed in the mean 1-y change in fat mass between the control , medium-dairy , and high-dairy groups ( -0.5 +/- 2.5 , 0.3 +/- 2.7 , and 0.5 +/- 3.5 kg , respectively ; P = 0.26 ) . CONCLUSION Increased intake of dairy products does not alter body weight or fat mass in young , healthy women over 1 y ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1895 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21253", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "Dairy products" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 14 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21254", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "dairy calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 171, 184 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21255", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "dairy calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 171, 184 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21256", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "dietary calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 560, 575 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21257", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control : continue established dietary intake" ], "offsets": [ [ 676, 721 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21258", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "intake of calcium of approximately 1000-1100 mg/d" ], "offsets": [ [ 780, 829 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21259", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "isocaloric intake" ], "offsets": [ [ 843, 860 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21260", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "intake of calcium of 1300-1400 mg/d" ], "offsets": [ [ 917, 952 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21261", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "isocaloric intake" ], "offsets": [ [ 843, 860 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21262", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "dairy products" ], "offsets": [ [ 754, 768 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21263", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "body weight or fat mass in young women" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 83 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21264", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "reduced weight and fat mass" ], "offsets": [ [ 204, 231 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21265", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "body weight and fat mass in young , healthy women" ], "offsets": [ [ 353, 402 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21266", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "1-y changes in body weight ( in kg ) and fat mass ( in kg )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1017, 1076 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21267", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "intakes of calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1144, 1162 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21268", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean 1-y change in body weight" ], "offsets": [ [ 1391, 1421 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21269", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean 1-y change in fat mass" ], "offsets": [ [ 1608, 1635 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21270", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "body weight or fat mass in young , healthy women over 1 y" ], "offsets": [ [ 1836, 1893 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21271", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "young women" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 83 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21272", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "young" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 77 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21273", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "healthy women" ], "offsets": [ [ 389, 402 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21274", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "155" ], "offsets": [ [ 486, 489 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21275", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "18-30 y" ], "offsets": [ [ 503, 510 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21276", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "healthy , normal-weight" ], "offsets": [ [ 515, 538 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21277", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "One hundred thirty-five" ], "offsets": [ [ 1079, 1102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21278", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "young" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 77 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21279", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "healthy women" ], "offsets": [ [ 389, 402 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21281", "type": "document", "text": [ "Evidence of radiographic benefit of treatment with infliximab plus methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis patients who had no clinical improvement : a detailed subanalysis of data from the anti-tumor necrosis factor trial in rheumatoid arthritis with concomitant therapy study . OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between inflammation and joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) patients who have not responded clinically to treatment . METHODS Changes from baseline to week 54 in clinical variables and measures of radiographic progression were compared between patients who received infliximab ( 3 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg every 4 or 8 weeks ) plus methotrexate ( MTX ) and those who received MTX plus placebo in the Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Trial in RA with Concomitant Therapy trial . RESULTS At week 54 , patients who did not show 20 % improvement by American College of Rheumatology criteria ( ACR20 nonresponders ) while receiving infliximab plus MTX exhibited mild but statistically significant improvement in clinical variables , including the 28-joint Disease Activity Score ( DAS28 ) ( P < 0.001 ) , tender joint count ( P = 0.014 ) , swollen joint count ( P < 0.001 ) , and C-reactive protein ( CRP ) level ( P < 0.001 ) . Whereas the clinical and CRP changes among ACR20 nonresponders to infliximab plus MTX were small and much lower than among ACR20 responders to this treatment , radiographic progression among ACR20 nonresponders to infliximab plus MTX was significantly inhibited ( P < 0.001 ) compared with ACR20 nonresponders to MTX plus placebo . Radiographic progression was much greater in patients receiving MTX plus placebo than in patients receiving infliximab plus MTX , irrespective of ACR response status ( mean change in modified Sharp/van der Heijde score 6.0 in ACR20 responders and 7.2 in ACR20 nonresponders in the MTX plus placebo-treated group , versus 0.1 in ACR20 responders and 1.2 in ACR20 nonresponders in the infliximab plus MTX-treated group ) . Furthermore , among patients who were ACR20 nonresponders through week 54 , patients who were DAS nonresponders at weeks 30 and 54 , and patients without any improvement in individual clinical variables , those receiving infliximab plus MTX still demonstrated inhibition of structural damage that was statistically significant compared with inhibition in patients who received MTX plus placebo ( P < 0.05 to P < 0.001 ) . CONCLUSION Even in patients without clinical improvement , treatment with infliximab plus MTX provided significant benefit with regard to the destructive process , suggesting that in such patients these 2 measures of disease are dissociated ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2656 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21282", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "infliximab plus methotrexate" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 79 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21283", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "infliximab" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21284", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "methotrexate ( MTX )" ], "offsets": [ [ 653, 673 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21285", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "MTX plus placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 697, 713 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21286", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "infliximab plus MTX" ], "offsets": [ [ 942, 961 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21287", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "infliximab plus MTX" ], "offsets": [ [ 942, 961 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21288", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "infliximab plus MTX" ], "offsets": [ [ 942, 961 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21289", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "MTX plus placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 697, 713 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21290", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "MTX" ], "offsets": [ [ 668, 671 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21291", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "infliximab plus MTX-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1954, 1981 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21292", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "infliximab plus MTX" ], "offsets": [ [ 942, 961 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21293", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "MTX plus placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 697, 713 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21294", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "infliximab plus MTX" ], "offsets": [ [ 942, 961 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21295", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "radiographic benefit" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21296", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "assess the relationship" ], "offsets": [ [ 290, 313 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21297", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "clinical variables and measures of radiographic progression" ], "offsets": [ [ 490, 549 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21298", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "improvement by American College of Rheumatology criteria" ], "offsets": [ [ 845, 901 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21299", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "28-joint Disease Activity Score ( DAS28 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1057, 1098 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21300", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "tender joint count" ], "offsets": [ [ 1115, 1133 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21301", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "swollen joint count" ], "offsets": [ [ 1150, 1169 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21302", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "C-reactive protein ( CRP ) level" ], "offsets": [ [ 1190, 1222 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21303", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "radiographic progression" ], "offsets": [ [ 525, 549 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21304", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ACR response status ( mean change in modified Sharp/van der Heijde score" ], "offsets": [ [ 1717, 1789 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21305", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "clinical improvement" ], "offsets": [ [ 124, 144 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21306", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "rheumatoid arthritis" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 103 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21307", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "rheumatoid arthritis ( RA )" ], "offsets": [ [ 360, 387 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21309", "type": "document", "text": [ "Combined administration of nitric oxide gas and iloprost during cardiopulmonary bypass reduces platelet dysfunction : a pilot clinical study . BACKGROUND Thrombocytopenia and platelet dysfunction are major mechanisms of cardiopulmonary bypass-induced postoperative hemorrhage . This study evaluated the effects of low amounts of nitric oxide , iloprost ( prostacyclin analog ) , and their combination administered directly into the oxygenator on platelet function , platelet-leukocyte interactions , and postoperative blood loss in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting . METHODS Blood samples from 41 patients randomized to the control , nitric oxide ( 20 ppm ) , iloprost ( 2 ng x kg -1 x min -1 ) , or nitric oxide plus iloprost groups were collected during cardiopulmonary bypass . Platelets and leukocytes were enumerated . Platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa , P-selectin , platelet-derived microparticles , leukocyte CD11b/CD18 ( Mac-1 ) , and platelet-leukocyte aggregate were quantified by means of flow cytometry . Collagen and thrombin receptor-activating peptide-induced platelet aggregation in whole blood was analyzed by means of aggregometry . RESULTS Both nitric oxide or iloprost attenuated cardiopulmonary bypass-induced thrombocytopenia , reduction of glycoprotein Ib and glycoprotein IIb levels , translocation of P-selectin , microparticle formation , Mac-1 upregulation , and suppression of collagen-induced aggregation . Nitric oxide plus iloprost was significantly more effective in preventing thrombocytopenia , microparticle formation , and P-selectin translocation . Moreover , this treatment preserved thrombin receptor-activating peptide-induced aggregation , which was not rescued by single treatments . Both nitric oxide and nitric oxide plus iloprost attenuated postoperative blood loss . CONCLUSIONS Nitric oxide plus iloprost reduced the deleterious effects of cardiopulmonary bypass , such as thrombocytopenia , platelet activation , platelet-leukocyte aggregate formation , and suppression of platelet aggregative responses . The reduced postoperative bleeding observed with this treatment suggests that this is a new and clinically feasible therapeutic option for patients subjected to cardiopulmonary bypass ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2285 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21310", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nitric oxide gas and iloprost" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21311", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nitric oxide , iloprost ( prostacyclin analog )" ], "offsets": [ [ 329, 376 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21312", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nitric oxide" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21313", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "iloprost" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21314", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nitric oxide plus iloprost" ], "offsets": [ [ 719, 745 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21315", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib" ], "offsets": [ [ 843, 876 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21316", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "glycoprotein IIb/IIIa , P-selectin , platelet-derived microparticles , leukocyte CD11b/CD18 ( Mac-1 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 881, 982 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21317", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "platelet-leukocyte aggregate" ], "offsets": [ [ 989, 1017 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21318", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "thrombocytopenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1277, 1293 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21319", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "glycoprotein Ib" ], "offsets": [ [ 861, 876 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21320", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "glycoprotein IIb levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1329, 1352 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21321", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "P-selectin" ], "offsets": [ [ 905, 915 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21322", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Mac-1 upregulation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1411, 1429 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21323", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "collagen-induced aggregation ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1451, 1481 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21324", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "thrombocytopenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1277, 1293 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21325", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "microparticle formation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1385, 1408 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21326", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "P-selectin translocation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1605, 1629 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21327", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood loss ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1846, 1858 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21328", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "thrombocytopenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1277, 1293 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21329", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "platelet activation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1985, 2004 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21330", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "platelet-leukocyte aggregate formation" ], "offsets": [ [ 2007, 2045 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21331", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "platelet aggregative responses" ], "offsets": [ [ 2067, 2097 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21332", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "cardiopulmonary bypass" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21333", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "coronary artery bypass" ], "offsets": [ [ 552, 574 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21334", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "41" ], "offsets": [ [ 613, 615 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21335", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "cardiopulmonary bypass" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21336", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "cardiopulmonary bypass" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21338", "type": "document", "text": [ "Simvastatin blunts endotoxin-induced tissue factor in vivo . BACKGROUND Beyond lipid lowering , various antiinflammatory properties have been ascribed to statins . Moreover , in vitro studies have suggested the presence of anticoagulant effects of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors , as lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) -induced monocyte tissue factor ( TF ) was suppressed . In this study , we examined the role of statins in experimental endotoxemia on inflammatory and procoagulant responses in vivo . METHODS AND RESULTS In this double-blind , placebo-controlled , parallel-group study , 20 healthy , male subjects were randomized to receive either simvastatin ( 80 mg/d ) or placebo for 4 days before intravenous administration of LPS ( 20 IU/kg IV ) . Plasma high-sensitive C-reactive protein ( hsCRP ) , monocyte chemoattractant protein ( MCP-1 ) , sCD40L , sCD40 , and prothrombin fragment F1+2 ( F1.2 ) were determined by ELISAs at baseline and at 4 and 8 hours after LPS administration . Monocyte TF expression and monocyte-platelet aggregates were measured by whole-blood flow cytometry over the same time course . The increases in hsCRP and MCP-1 , both known inducers of TF , were significantly suppressed by statin treatment after LPS challenge . Statin premedication blunted the increase of monocyte TF expression in response to LPS . In parallel , endotoxin-induced formation of F1.2 was significantly reduced by simvastatin after 4 and 8 hours . LPS infusion affected neither the formation and activation of monocyte-platelet aggregates nor plasma levels of sCD40 and sCD40L . CONCLUSIONS Simvastatin suppresses the inflammatory response to endotoxin and blunts monocyte TF expression but does not affect platelet activation ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1762 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21339", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Simvastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 11 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21340", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "statins" ], "offsets": [ [ 154, 161 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21341", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 567, 585 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21342", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "simvastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 672, 683 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21343", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 567, 574 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21344", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Statin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1280, 1286 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21345", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "simvastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 672, 683 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21346", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Simvastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 11 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21347", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Plasma high-sensitive C-reactive protein ( hsCRP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 777, 827 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21348", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "monocyte chemoattractant protein ( MCP-1 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 830, 872 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21349", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sCD40L , sCD40" ], "offsets": [ [ 875, 889 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21350", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "prothrombin fragment F1+2 ( F1.2 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 896, 930 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21351", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Monocyte TF expression and monocyte-platelet aggregates" ], "offsets": [ [ 1017, 1072 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21352", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hsCRP" ], "offsets": [ [ 820, 825 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21353", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "MCP-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 865, 870 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21354", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "monocyte TF expression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1325, 1347 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21355", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "formation of F1.2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1401, 1418 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21356", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "formation and activation of monocyte-platelet aggregates" ], "offsets": [ [ 1516, 1572 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21357", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma levels of sCD40 and sCD40L" ], "offsets": [ [ 1577, 1610 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21358", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "monocyte TF expression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1325, 1347 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21359", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "platelet activation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1741, 1760 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21360", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "endotoxemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 459, 470 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21361", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "20" ], "offsets": [ [ 611, 613 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21362", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "healthy" ], "offsets": [ [ 614, 621 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21363", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "male" ], "offsets": [ [ 624, 628 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21365", "type": "document", "text": [ "Temozolomide and cisplatin versus temozolomide in patients with advanced melanoma : a randomized phase II study of the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group . PURPOSE Temozolomide ( TMZ ) is an oral alkylating agent that produces methyl adducts at the 0.6 position of guanine . The methyl adducts are removed by the DNA repair enzyme AGAT . As demonstrated by in vitro studies , cisplatin ( CDDP ) is able to down-regulate the AGAT activity , suggesting that CDDP could enhance the antitumor activity of TMZ . We designed a randomized phase II study to evaluate and compare the activity and safety profile of the combination versus single-agent TMZ in patients with advanced melanoma . PATIENTS AND METHODS From January 2000 to April 2002 , 132 patients were enrolled on the study . Patient and tumor characteristics were well balanced between the two arms . Patients with cerebral metastases were included . Patients received TMZ 200 mg/m ( 2 ) /day orally for five consecutive days every 4 weeks or TMZ + CDDP 200 mg/m ( 2 ) daily on days 1-5 and 75 mg/m ( 2 ) of CDDP on day 1 . RESULTS Tumor responses ( complete and partial responses ) were seen in 16 patients ( 26 % ) in arm A and 19 patients ( 29 % ) in arm B . The median time to progression ( TTP ) was 3.8 months in arm A and 5.8 months in arm B . The median overall survival ( OS ) was 11.5 months in arm A and 12 months in arm B . The difference between treatment arms regarding objective response rates , TTP and OS were not statistically significant . Toxicity was comparable between the two arms for anemia , leukopenia , neutropenia , thrombocytopenia , fatigue , constipation and arthralgias/myalgias . There was significantly more grade 3 and 4 emesis in the combination arm . CONCLUSIONS No clear benefit in terms of response rates , median TTP or OS was shown with the combination of TMZ + CDDP . Additionally , the combination was associated with higher incidence of grade 3 and 4 emesis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1959 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21366", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Temozolomide and cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21367", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "temozolomide" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21368", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Temozolomide ( TMZ )" ], "offsets": [ [ 165, 185 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21369", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cisplatin ( CDDP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 377, 395 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21370", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CDDP" ], "offsets": [ [ 389, 393 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21371", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "TMZ ." ], "offsets": [ [ 502, 507 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21372", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "combination versus single-agent TMZ" ], "offsets": [ [ 611, 646 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21373", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "TMZ 200 mg/m ( 2 ) /day orally" ], "offsets": [ [ 925, 955 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21374", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "TMZ + CDDP" ], "offsets": [ [ 999, 1009 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21375", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CDDP" ], "offsets": [ [ 389, 393 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21376", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "TMZ + CDDP ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1853, 1865 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21377", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "antitumor activity of TMZ" ], "offsets": [ [ 480, 505 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21378", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Tumor responses" ], "offsets": [ [ 1088, 1103 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21379", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "median time to progression ( TTP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1222, 1256 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21380", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "median overall survival ( OS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1311, 1341 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21381", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "objective response rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 1440, 1464 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21382", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "anemia , leukopenia , neutropenia , thrombocytopenia , fatigue , constipation and arthralgias/myalgias" ], "offsets": [ [ 1564, 1666 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21383", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "grade 3 and 4 emesis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1698, 1718 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21384", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "No clear benefit" ], "offsets": [ [ 1756, 1772 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21385", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "response rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 1450, 1464 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21386", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "median TTP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1802, 1812 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21387", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "grade 3 and 4 emesis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1698, 1718 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21388", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "advanced melanoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 81 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21389", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "advanced melanoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 81 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21390", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "132" ], "offsets": [ [ 739, 742 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21391", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "cerebral metastases" ], "offsets": [ [ 871, 890 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21393", "type": "document", "text": [ "Phase III study of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group ( ECOG 2597 ) : induction chemotherapy followed by either standard thoracic radiotherapy or hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy for patients with unresectable stage IIIA and B non-small-cell lung cancer . PURPOSE To compare once-daily radiation therapy ( qdRT ) with hyperfractionated accelerated radiation therapy ( HART ) after two cycles of induction chemotherapy . PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligible patients were treatment naive , and had stage IIIA and B unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer , Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0/1 , and normal organ function . Induction chemotherapy consisted of two cycles of carboplatin area under time-concentration curve 6 mg/mL . min plus paclitaxel 225 mg/m2 on day 1 . RT consisted of arm 1 ( qdRT ) , 64 Gy ( 2 Gy/d ) , versus arm 2 ( HART ) , 57.6 Gy ( 1.5 Gy tid for 2.5 weeks ) . A total of 388 patients were needed to detect a 50 % increase in median survival from 14 months of qdRT to 21 months of HART ; accrual was not achieved and the study closed prematurely . RESULTS Of 141 patients enrolled , 83 % were randomly assigned after chemotherapy to qdRT ( n = 59 ) or HART ( n = 60 ) . Median survival was 20.3 and 14.9 months for HART and qdRT , respectively ( P = .28 ) . Overall response was 25 % and 22 % for HART and qdRT , respectively ( P = .69 ) . Two- and 3-year survival was 44 % and 34 % for HART , and 24 % and 14 % for qdRT , respectively . Grade > or = 3 toxicities included esophagitis in 14 v nine patients , and pneumonitis in 0 v 6 patients for HART and qdRT , respectively . Any subsequent trials of the HART regimen must address the issues that led to early closure , including slow accrual , logistics of HART , mucosal toxicity , and the fact that concurrent chemoradiotherapy now seems more effective than sequential treatment . CONCLUSION After two cycles of induction chemotherapy with carboplatin-paclitaxel , HART is feasible with an acceptable toxicity profile . Although statistical significance was not achieved and the study closed early , there was a positive statistical trend suggesting a survival advantage with the HART regimen ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2203 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21394", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "induction chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 96 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21395", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "standard thoracic radiotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 116, 146 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21396", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 150, 192 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21397", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "once-daily radiation therapy ( qdRT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 289, 326 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21398", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "hyperfractionated accelerated radiation therapy ( HART )" ], "offsets": [ [ 332, 388 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21399", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "induction chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 96 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21400", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Induction chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 651, 673 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21401", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "carboplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 701, 712 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21402", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "paclitaxel" ], "offsets": [ [ 768, 778 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21403", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "qdRT" ], "offsets": [ [ 320, 324 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21404", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "HART" ], "offsets": [ [ 382, 386 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21405", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "qdRT" ], "offsets": [ [ 320, 324 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21406", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "HART" ], "offsets": [ [ 382, 386 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21407", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "HART" ], "offsets": [ [ 382, 386 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21408", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "qdRT" ], "offsets": [ [ 320, 324 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21409", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "HART" ], "offsets": [ [ 382, 386 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21410", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "qdRT" ], "offsets": [ [ 320, 324 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21411", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "HART" ], "offsets": [ [ 382, 386 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21412", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "qdRT" ], "offsets": [ [ 320, 324 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21413", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "HART" ], "offsets": [ [ 382, 386 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21414", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "qdRT" ], "offsets": [ [ 320, 324 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21415", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "HART" ], "offsets": [ [ 382, 386 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21416", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "HART" ], "offsets": [ [ 382, 386 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21417", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "induction chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 96 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21418", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "carboplatin-paclitaxel , HART" ], "offsets": [ [ 1949, 1978 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21419", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "HART" ], "offsets": [ [ 382, 386 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21420", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "Median survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1224, 1239 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21421", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Overall response" ], "offsets": [ [ 1312, 1328 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21422", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "Two- and 3-year survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1394, 1418 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21423", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Grade > or = 3 toxicities" ], "offsets": [ [ 1492, 1517 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21424", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "slow accrual , logistics of HART , mucosal toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1736, 1787 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21426", "type": "document", "text": [ "Loss of tooth substance during root planing with various periodontal instruments : an in vitro study . Ultrasonic and power-driven instrumentation is gaining in significance as an acceptable alternative to manual periodontal root treatment . Some question whether they do not remove too much tooth substance . Various ultrasonic scalers , hand instruments and two power-driven systems were compared by assessing the loss of tooth substance due to root instrumentation . Quantitative analysis of this effect of the instruments used was performed on 20 freshly extracted , non-periodontally involved , large human molars . In the first study , 40 specimens were randomly assigned to four groups of treatment : combined use of ultrasonic scaler and Periopolisher diamond-coated inserts ( US-POL ) , hand instruments ( MANUAL ) , Perioplaner-Periopolisher system ( PPL-POL ) and Periokit ultrasonic-designed scalers ( PERIOKIT ) . The second study involved two treatment groups , ultrasonic scaler alone and hand instruments , each allocated with 20 teeth ( small root fragments ) . An unpaired two-tailed t test was carried out for both studies to compare the average weight loss of root substance with the modes of instrumentation . The level of significance was set at p < or=0.05 . The overall results of the first and second experimental trials did not reveal obvious differences in weight loss between the manual , ultrasonic or power-driven root treatments . Based on the results of these two comparative studies , the power-driven inserts or the various ultrasonic scalers tested did not remove more tooth substance than conventional hand instruments . They may thus be a useful alternative for the debridement of root surfaces ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1733 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21427", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "root planing" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21428", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Ultrasonic and power-driven instrumentation" ], "offsets": [ [ 103, 146 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21429", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Various" ], "offsets": [ [ 310, 317 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21430", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ultrasonic scalers" ], "offsets": [ [ 318, 336 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21431", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "," ], "offsets": [ [ 337, 338 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21432", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "hand instruments" ], "offsets": [ [ 339, 355 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21433", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "and" ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 117 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21434", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "two power-driven systems" ], "offsets": [ [ 360, 384 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21435", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ultrasonic scaler and Periopolisher diamond-coated inserts ( US-POL )" ], "offsets": [ [ 724, 793 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21436", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "," ], "offsets": [ [ 337, 338 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21437", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "hand instruments ( MANUAL )" ], "offsets": [ [ 796, 823 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21438", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "," ], "offsets": [ [ 337, 338 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21439", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Perioplaner-Periopolisher system ( PPL-POL )" ], "offsets": [ [ 826, 870 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21440", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "and" ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 117 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21441", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Periokit ultrasonic-designed scalers ( PERIOKIT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 875, 924 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21442", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "." ], "offsets": [ [ 101, 102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21443", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "ultrasonic scaler alone and hand instruments" ], "offsets": [ [ 976, 1020 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21444", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "loss of tooth substance" ], "offsets": [ [ 416, 439 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21445", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "weight loss of root substance" ], "offsets": [ [ 1165, 1194 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21446", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "weight loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 1165, 1176 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21447", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "remove more tooth substance" ], "offsets": [ [ 1592, 1619 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21448", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "20" ], "offsets": [ [ 548, 550 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21449", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "freshly extracted" ], "offsets": [ [ 551, 568 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21450", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "non-periodontally involved" ], "offsets": [ [ 571, 597 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21451", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "large human molars" ], "offsets": [ [ 600, 618 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21452", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "40" ], "offsets": [ [ 642, 644 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21454", "type": "document", "text": [ "Topical quinolone vs. antiseptic for treating chronic suppurative otitis media : a randomized controlled trial ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 112 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21455", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "quinolone" ], "offsets": [ [ 8, 17 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21456", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antiseptic" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21457", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic suppurative otitis media : a randomized controlled trial" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 110 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21459", "type": "document", "text": [ "Combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy compared with radiotherapy alone in patients with cancer of the esophagus . BACKGROUND The efficacy of conventional treatment with surgery and radiation for cancer of the esophagus is limited . The median survival is less than 10 months , and less than 10 percent of patients survive for 5 years . Recent studies have suggested that combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy may result in improved survival . METHODS This phase III prospective , randomized , and stratified trial was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of four courses of combined fluorouracil ( 1000 mg per square meter of body-surface area daily for four days ) and cisplatin ( 75 mg per square meter on the first day ) plus 5000 cGy of radiation therapy , as compared with 6400 cGy of radiation therapy alone , in patients with squamous-cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma of the thoracic esophagus . The trial was stopped after the accumulated results in 121 patients demonstrated a significant advantage for survival in the patients who received chemotherapy and radiation therapy . RESULTS The median survival was 8.9 months in the radiation-treated patients , as compared with 12.5 months in the patients treated with chemotherapy and radiation therapy . In the former group , the survival rates at 12 and 24 months were 33 percent and 10 percent , respectively , whereas they were 50 percent and 38 percent in the patients receiving combined therapy ( P less than 0.001 ) . Seven patients in the radiotherapy group and 25 in the combined-therapy group were alive at the time of the analysis . The patients who received combined treatment had fewer local ( P less than 0.02 ) and fewer distant ( P less than 0.01 ) recurrences . Severe and life-threatening side effects occurred in 44 percent and 20 percent , respectively , of the patients who received combined therapy , as compared with 25 percent and 3 percent of those treated with radiation alone . CONCLUSIONS Concurrent therapy with cisplatin and fluorouracil and radiation is superior to radiation therapy alone in patients with localized carcinoma of the esophagus , as measured by control of local tumors , distant metastases , and survival , but at the cost of increased side effects ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2259 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21460", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21461", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "radiotherapy alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21462", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 372, 415 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21463", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluorouracil ( 1000 mg per square meter of body-surface area daily for four days )" ], "offsets": [ [ 589, 671 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21464", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cisplatin ( 75 mg per square meter on the first day )" ], "offsets": [ [ 676, 729 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21465", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "5000 cGy of radiation therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 735, 764 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21466", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "6400 cGy of radiation therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 784, 813 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21467", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "chemotherapy and radiation therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 381, 415 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21468", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "chemotherapy and radiation therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 381, 415 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21469", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "combined therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1446, 1462 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21470", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "radiotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21471", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "combined-therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1542, 1558 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21472", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Concurrent therapy with cisplatin and fluorouracil and radiation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1979, 2043 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21473", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "radiation therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 398, 415 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21474", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "median survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 237, 252 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21475", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 1293, 1307 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21476", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "alive" ], "offsets": [ [ 1570, 1575 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21477", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "local" ], "offsets": [ [ 1661, 1666 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21478", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "distant" ], "offsets": [ [ 1698, 1705 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21479", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "recurrences" ], "offsets": [ [ 1727, 1738 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21480", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Severe and life-threatening side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1741, 1781 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21482", "type": "document", "text": [ "Calcium acetate versus calcium carbonate as phosphate binders in hemodialysis patients . We conducted a randomized unblinded parallel clinical trial to compare the effectiveness , side effects and tolerance between calcium acetate ( CA ) and calcium carbonate ( CC ) in 80 stable chronic hemodialysis patients selected on the basis of their acceptable control of serum phosphorus ( P ) levels with aluminum hydroxide ( AH ) . All patients were dialyzed against the same calcium dialyzate ( 1.62 mmol/l ) . The serum analytical tests included : calcium corrected to total protein , P , PTH ( intact molecule ) and bicarbonate . The study was divided into the following periods : P0 : baseline measurements ; P1 : washout ( withdrawal of AH for 15 days ) ; P2 : random allocation to CA and CC treatment at doses equivalent to 75 mEq of elemental calcium , stratified according to previous doses of AH ( 2 months ) ; P3 : adjustment of doses until control P ( 2 months ) . CA was poorly tolerated in 7 patients and CC in 2 ( NS ) . The changes in serum P levels between P0 and P2 periods were lower in the CA group ( 1.73 +/- 0.25 vs. 1.80 +/- 0.50 mmol/l ; p = 0.26 ) than in the CC group ( 1.77 +/- 0.35 vs. 1.93 +/- 0.48 mmol/l ; p = 0.03 , paired t test ) . Serum calcium was hardly modified by CA ( 2.42 +/- 0.20 vs. 2.47 +/- 0.17 mmol/l ; NS ) while in the CC group , it rose significantly ( 2.40 +/- 0.12 vs. 2.55 +/- 0.22 mmol/l ; p = 0.0004 ) . There were no differences in the control of PTH or bicarbonate . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1551 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21483", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Calcium acetate" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 15 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21484", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "calcium carbonate" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21485", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "calcium acetate ( CA )" ], "offsets": [ [ 215, 237 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21486", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "calcium carbonate ( CC )" ], "offsets": [ [ 242, 266 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21487", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "calcium dialyzate" ], "offsets": [ [ 470, 487 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21488", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CA" ], "offsets": [ [ 233, 235 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21489", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CC" ], "offsets": [ [ 262, 264 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21490", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effectiveness" ], "offsets": [ [ 164, 177 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21491", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 180, 192 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21492", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "tolerance between calcium acetate ( CA ) and calcium carbonate ( CC )" ], "offsets": [ [ 197, 266 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21493", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "calcium corrected to total protein , P , PTH ( intact molecule ) and bicarbonate" ], "offsets": [ [ 544, 624 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21494", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "CA was poorly tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 970, 993 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21495", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "changes in serum P levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1033, 1058 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21496", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Serum calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1259, 1272 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21497", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hemodialysis patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21498", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "80" ], "offsets": [ [ 270, 272 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21499", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic hemodialysis" ], "offsets": [ [ 280, 300 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21501", "type": "document", "text": [ "Outcome at 7 years of children diagnosed with autism at age 2 : predictive validity of assessments conducted at 2 and 3 years of age and pattern of symptom change over time . OBJECTIVE To examine the predictive validity of symptom severity , cognitive and language measures taken at ages 2 and 3 years to outcome at age 7 in a sample of children diagnosed with autism at age 2 . METHOD Twenty-six children diagnosed with autism at age 2 were re-assessed at ages 3 and 7 years . At each age symptom severity , cognitive and language assessments were completed . RESULTS The pattern of autistic symptom severity varied over time by domain . Across time , children moved across diagnostic boundaries both in terms of clinical diagnosis and in terms of instrument diagnosis on the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised ( ADI-R ) . On all measures group variability in scores increased with age . Although non-verbal IQ ( NVIQ ) for the group as a whole was stable across the 3 assessments , this masked considerable individual instability . Standard assessments at age 2 did not predict outcome at age 7 even within the same domain of functioning . In contrast , standard assessments at age 3 did predict outcome . However , a measure of rate of non-verbal communicative acts taken from an interactive play-based assessment at age 2 was significantly associated with language , communication and social outcomes at age 7 . CONCLUSIONS The trajectory of autism symptoms over time differed in different domains , suggesting that they may be , at least in part , separable . Variability in language , NVIQ and symptom severity increased over time . Caution is required when interpreting the findings from assessments of children with autism at age 2 years . At this age measures of rate of non-verbal communication might be more informative than scores on standard psychometric tests . Predictive validity of assessments at age 3 years was greater ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1940 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21502", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "symptom severity , cognitive and language assessments" ], "offsets": [ [ 490, 543 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21503", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "symptom severity" ], "offsets": [ [ 223, 239 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21504", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "cognitive and language measures" ], "offsets": [ [ 242, 273 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21505", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "symptom severity" ], "offsets": [ [ 223, 239 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21506", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "cognitive and language assessments" ], "offsets": [ [ 509, 543 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21507", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised ( ADI-R )" ], "offsets": [ [ 777, 822 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21508", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "rate of non-verbal communicative acts" ], "offsets": [ [ 1232, 1269 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21509", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "language" ], "offsets": [ [ 256, 264 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21510", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "communication" ], "offsets": [ [ 1372, 1385 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21511", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "social outcomes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1390, 1405 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21512", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "language , NVIQ" ], "offsets": [ [ 1581, 1596 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21513", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "and" ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 117 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21514", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "symptom severity" ], "offsets": [ [ 223, 239 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21515", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21516", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autism" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21517", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "age 2" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21518", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "2 and 3 years of age" ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 132 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21519", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21520", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autism" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21521", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "age 2" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21522", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Twenty-six" ], "offsets": [ [ 386, 396 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21523", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21524", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autism" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21525", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "age 2" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21526", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21527", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autism" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21528", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "age 2 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 1735, 1746 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21530", "type": "document", "text": [ "Treatment outcome of appliance therapy in temporomandibular disorder patients with myofascial pain after 6 and 12 months . AIM To compare the long-term effect of treatment with a stabilization appliance ( group T ) and treatment with a control appliance ( group C ) in temporomandibular disorder ( TMD ) patients with myofascial pain . METHODS In this controlled trial , 60 patients ( mean age 29 years ) with myofascial pain were evaluated after 10 weeks of treatment with either a stabilization appliance or a control appliance . All 60 patients were then assigned to 1 of 3 groups according to demand for treatment . Seventeen patients from group C requested another appliance and were given a stabilization appliance , thus creating a mixed group ( group M ) . RESULTS A significant difference in improvement of overall subjective symptoms in an intent-to-treat analysis between groups T and C was found at the follow-ups . In a survival analysis of treatment compliance , a significant difference was found between groups T and C. At the 6- and 12-month follow-ups , a significant reduction in myofascial pain , as measured on a visual analog scale , was found in all three groups . A significant decrease in frequency and intensity of myofascial pain was found in group T at the follow-ups . A significant decrease in number of tender sites on the masticatory muscles was found in group T at the follow-ups . CONCLUSION The results support the conclusion that the positive treatment outcome obtained by use of a stabilization appliance to alleviate the signs and symptoms in patients with myofascial pain persisted after 6 and 12 months . Most patients in groups T and M reported positive changes in overall subjective symptoms in this trial . We therefore recommend use of the stabilization appliance in the treatment of TMD patients with myofascial pain ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1863 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21531", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "appliance therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21532", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "stabilization appliance" ], "offsets": [ [ 179, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21533", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "control appliance" ], "offsets": [ [ 236, 253 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21534", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "stabilization appliance" ], "offsets": [ [ 179, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21535", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "control appliance" ], "offsets": [ [ 236, 253 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21536", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "stabilization appliance" ], "offsets": [ [ 179, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21537", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "stabilization appliance" ], "offsets": [ [ 179, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21538", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "stabilization appliance" ], "offsets": [ [ 179, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21539", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "myofascial pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21540", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "improvement of overall subjective symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 801, 843 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21541", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "myofascial" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 93 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21542", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "visual analog scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 1134, 1153 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21543", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "frequency and intensity of myofascial pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1214, 1256 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21544", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "number of tender sites on the masticatory muscles" ], "offsets": [ [ 1324, 1373 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21545", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "overall subjective symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 816, 843 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21546", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "myofascial pain ." ], "offsets": [ [ 318, 335 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21547", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "temporomandibular disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21548", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "temporomandibular disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21549", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "TMD" ], "offsets": [ [ 298, 301 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21550", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "60" ], "offsets": [ [ 371, 373 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21551", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "29 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 394, 402 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21552", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "myofascial pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21553", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "60" ], "offsets": [ [ 371, 373 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21554", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "myofascial pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21555", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "TMD" ], "offsets": [ [ 298, 301 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21556", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "myofascial pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21558", "type": "document", "text": [ "Acustimulation wrist bands are not effective for the control of chemotherapy-induced nausea in women with breast cancer . This experiment examined the efficacy of an acustimulation wrist band for the relief of chemotherapy-induced nausea using a randomized three-arm clinical trial ( active acustimulation , sham acustimulation , and no acustimulation ) in 96 women with breast cancer who experienced nausea at their first chemotherapy treatment . Five outcomes related to wrist band efficacy ( acute nausea , delayed nausea , vomiting , QOL , and total amount of antiemetic medication used ) were examined . The five outcomes were examined separately using analysis of covariance controlling for age and severity of past nausea . There were no significant differences in any of these study measures among the three treatment conditions ( P > 0.1 for all ) . Study results do not support the hypothesis that acustimulation bands are efficacious as an adjunct to pharmacological antiemetics for control of chemotherapy-related nausea in female breast cancer patients ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1067 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21559", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Acustimulation wrist bands" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21560", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "chemotherapy-induced" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 84 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21561", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "acustimulation wrist band" ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 191 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21562", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "chemotherapy-induced" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 84 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21563", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "active acustimulation" ], "offsets": [ [ 284, 305 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21564", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "sham acustimulation" ], "offsets": [ [ 308, 327 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21565", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "no acustimulation" ], "offsets": [ [ 334, 351 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21566", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "chemotherapy treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 423, 445 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21567", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "wrist band" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21568", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antiemetic medication" ], "offsets": [ [ 564, 585 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21569", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "acustimulation bands" ], "offsets": [ [ 908, 928 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21570", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "chemotherapy-induced nausea" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 91 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21571", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "chemotherapy-induced nausea" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 91 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21572", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "wrist band efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 473, 492 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21573", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "acute nausea" ], "offsets": [ [ 495, 507 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21574", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "delayed nausea" ], "offsets": [ [ 510, 524 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21575", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "vomiting" ], "offsets": [ [ 527, 535 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21576", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "QOL" ], "offsets": [ [ 538, 541 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21577", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "total" ], "offsets": [ [ 548, 553 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21578", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "amount of antiemetic medication used" ], "offsets": [ [ 554, 590 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21579", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "severity of past nausea" ], "offsets": [ [ 705, 728 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21580", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "chemotherapy-related nausea" ], "offsets": [ [ 1005, 1032 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21581", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21582", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "96" ], "offsets": [ [ 357, 359 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21583", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 100 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21584", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21585", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "nausea at their first chemotherapy treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 401, 445 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21586", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "female" ], "offsets": [ [ 1036, 1042 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21587", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 119 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21589", "type": "document", "text": [ "Problem-based learning : is anatomy a casualty ? INTRODUCTION The teaching of medical anatomy is changing . Medical schools worldwide are moving away from dissection and lectures to a more integrated course , where basic science and clinical skills are taught simultaneously . Medical students on these integrated courses have reported a lack of confidence in their basic science knowledge , especially concerning anatomy . Our aim was to perform a randomised controlled trial ( RCT ) to compare anatomical knowledge of two groups of second-year medical students , the first group taught on a traditional course , the second on an integrated course . MATERIALS AND METHODS Testing was done using a Questionnaire in a \" True/False \" format . There were 80 students in each group . There was no penalty for an incorrect answer . The test was performed under examination conditions . Papers were marked under blind conditions . Results were analysed using a Student 's t test analysis . RESULTS Those students taught on a traditional course exhibited a significantly higher level of basic anatomical knowledge ( p < 0.001 ) than those taught on an integrated course . The students taught on an integrated course showed a much greater range of results . CONCLUSIONS Students taught on a traditional course have a higher level of anatomical knowledge than those taught on an integrated course . Our results differ from previous studies done in Europe which show no difference between the courses ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1492 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21590", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Problem-based learning :" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21591", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "the first group taught on a traditional course , the second on an integrated course" ], "offsets": [ [ 565, 648 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21592", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "." ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 107 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21593", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "level of basic anatomical knowledge" ], "offsets": [ [ 1071, 1106 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21594", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "range of results" ], "offsets": [ [ 1231, 1247 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21595", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "anatomical knowledge" ], "offsets": [ [ 496, 516 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21596", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "80 students in each group" ], "offsets": [ [ 752, 777 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21598", "type": "document", "text": [ "Treatment of peri-implantitis by the Vector system . AIM To compare the effectiveness of treatment of peri-implantitis with a novel ultrasonic device , the Vector system , with that of subgingival debridement with carbon fiber curettes . MATERIAL AND METHODS The study , comprising 11 patients with at least two screw type implants with bleeding on probing ( BOP ) , probing pocket depth ( PPD ) > or =5 mm , and at least 1.5 mm radiographic bone loss and exposed implant threads , was carried out as a single blind randomized clinical trial . At baseline one randomly chosen implant in each patient was treated by the Vector system ( test ) while the other implant ( control ) was treated by submucosal debridement with a carbon fiber curette . After 3 months , the same treatments were repeated . Plaque , BOP , and PPD were recorded on all implant surfaces at baseline , and after 3 and 6 months . Bone levels were recorded on radiographs taken prior to the start of the study , and after 6 months . RESULTS Oral hygiene around both test and control implants was improved at 3 and 6 months compared with baseline . At 6 months , four of the Vector-treated sites , and only one site treated with curettes , had stopped to bleed . In neither the test nor the control group , were there any differences between baseline and 6 months regarding PPD and bone levels . CONCLUSION Although there was a greater reduction in the number of sites with BOP following treatment with the Vector system than following instrumentation with carbon fiber curettes , there was no significant difference between the two methods ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1611 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21599", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Vector system" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21600", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Vector system" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21601", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Vector system" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21602", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "carbon fiber curette" ], "offsets": [ [ 214, 234 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21603", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Vector-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1144, 1158 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21604", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "sites" ], "offsets": [ [ 1159, 1164 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21605", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Vector system" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21606", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effectiveness of treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21607", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "bleeding on probing ( BOP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 337, 364 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21608", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "probing pocket depth ( PPD )" ], "offsets": [ [ 367, 395 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21609", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "bone loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 442, 451 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21610", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Plaque" ], "offsets": [ [ 799, 805 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21611", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "BOP" ], "offsets": [ [ 359, 362 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21612", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "PPD" ], "offsets": [ [ 390, 393 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21613", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Bone levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 901, 912 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21614", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Oral hygiene" ], "offsets": [ [ 1011, 1023 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21615", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "bleed" ], "offsets": [ [ 337, 342 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21616", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "PPD" ], "offsets": [ [ 390, 393 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21617", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "bone levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1351, 1362 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21618", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "number of sites with BOP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1422, 1446 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21619", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "11" ], "offsets": [ [ 282, 284 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21620", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "implants with bleeding on probing ( BOP ) ," ], "offsets": [ [ 323, 366 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21621", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "1.5 mm radiographic bone loss and exposed implant threads" ], "offsets": [ [ 422, 479 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21623", "type": "document", "text": [ "Racial differences in primary and repeat lower extremity amputation : results from a multihospital study . OBJECTIVE African Americans have a much higher risk of major ( above- or below-knee ) lower extremity amputation and a lower rate of limb-preserving vascular surgery or angioplasty than white patients . This article analyzes two potential pathways for racial disparities : primary amputation , defined as a major amputation performed without any prior attempt at revascularization , and repeat amputation , defined as a major amputation subsequent to a previous through-foot or major amputation . METHODS Randomly selected medical records were reviewed for 248 African American , 30 Hispanic , and 235 white or other-race patients undergoing above- or below-knee amputation between 1995 and 2003 at three Chicago teaching hospitals . Chronic disease prevalence and severity , preadmission functional status , clinical presentation , and vascular history were used to test the risk-adjusted effect of race and ethnicity on rates of primary and repeat amputation . RESULTS Controlling for demographic , functional , chronic disease , and clinical characteristics , African American patients were 1.7 times more likely to have undergone both primary ( P = .01 ) and repeat ( P = .03 ) amputation than white or other-race amputees . Race remained a significant independent risk factor even after controlling for the higher severity of illness , greater disability , and more complex presentation of African American amputees . CONCLUSIONS Higher rates of primary and repeat amputation for African American patients at study hospitals , which all have significant vascular surgery capacity and an aggressive policy of limb salvage , suggest that these rates may be even higher at less well equipped institutions . Improving access to primary and preventive care for lower-income patients could reduce amputation rates among African Americans ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1945 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21624", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Racial differences in primary and repeat lower extremity amputation :" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21625", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "( above- or below-knee ) lower extremity amputation" ], "offsets": [ [ 168, 219 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21626", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "amputation" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 67 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21627", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "amputation" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 67 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21628", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "amputation" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 67 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21629", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "above- or below-knee amputation" ], "offsets": [ [ 749, 780 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21630", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "primary" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21631", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "repeat amputation" ], "offsets": [ [ 494, 511 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21632", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "amputation" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 67 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21633", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "primary" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21634", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "repeat amputation" ], "offsets": [ [ 494, 511 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21635", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "risk of major ( above- or below-knee ) lower extremity amputation" ], "offsets": [ [ 154, 219 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21636", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rate of limb-preserving vascular surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 232, 272 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21637", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rates of primary and repeat amputation ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1029, 1069 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21638", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "primary and repeat amputation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1038, 1067 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21639", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "amputation rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 1903, 1919 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21640", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "primary and repeat lower extremity amputation :" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21641", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "248 African American" ], "offsets": [ [ 664, 684 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21642", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "30 Hispanic" ], "offsets": [ [ 687, 698 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21643", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "235 white or other-race patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 705, 737 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21644", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "undergoing above- or below-knee amputation" ], "offsets": [ [ 738, 780 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21646", "type": "document", "text": [ "Automatic detection of red lesions in digital color fundus photographs . The robust detection of red lesions in digital color fundus photographs is a critical step in the development of automated screening systems for diabetic retinopathy . In this paper , a novel red lesion detection method is presented based on a hybrid approach , combining prior works by Spencer et al . ( 1996 ) and Frame et al . ( 1998 ) with two important new contributions . The first contribution is a new red lesion candidate detection system based on pixel classification . Using this technique , vasculature and red lesions are separated from the background of the image . After removal of the connected vasculature the remaining objects are considered possible red lesions . Second , an extensive number of new features are added to those proposed by Spencer-Frame . The detected candidate objects are classified using all features and a k-nearest neighbor classifier . An extensive evaluation was performed on a test set composed of images representative of those normally found in a screening set . When determining whether an image contains red lesions the system achieves a sensitivity of 100 % at a specificity of 87 % . The method is compared with several different automatic systems and is shown to outperform them all . Performance is close to that of a human expert examining the images for the presence of red lesions ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1410 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21647", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "detection of red lesions in digital color fundus photographs" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 70 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21648", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "novel red lesion detection method" ], "offsets": [ [ 259, 292 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21649", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "red lesion candidate detection system" ], "offsets": [ [ 483, 520 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21650", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "red lesions" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21651", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "vasculature and red lesions" ], "offsets": [ [ 576, 603 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21652", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "red lesions" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21653", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "sensitivity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1159, 1170 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21654", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Performance" ], "offsets": [ [ 1309, 1320 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21655", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "diabetic" ], "offsets": [ [ 218, 226 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21657", "type": "document", "text": [ "Comparative study of the efficacy of eprinomectin versus ivermectin , and field efficacy of eprinomectin only , for the treatment of chorioptic mange in alpacas . The efficacy of eprinomectin versus ivermectin ( Study 1 : a single-centre , randomised , treatment-controlled , blinded field trial ) , and the field efficacy of eprinomectin ( Study 2 : a single-centre , open , un-controlled field trial ) for the treatment of chorioptic infestation in naturally infested alpacas were assessed in two studies . Thirty alpacas , all positive for Chorioptes sp . mite , were randomly allocated to two treatment groups in Study 1 . Group A received a single topical administration of a 0.5 % formulation of eprinomectin at the dose rate of 500mug/kg . Group B received three subcutaneous administrations at 14 days interval of a 1 % formulation of ivermectin at the dose rate of 400mug/kg . Response to treatment was assessed by periodic mite count , and skin lesions scored . In Study 2 , one group of 19 alpacas received four administrations at weekly interval of topical eprinomectin at the dose rate of 500mug/kg , and response to treatment was monitored by mite counts . No localised or systemic side effects were observed in either trial . There was a statistically significant decrease in mite counts on day 7 ( P < 0.001 ) within treatment Groups A and B of Study 1 , but mite counts increased again on day 14 and remained high for the duration of the trial in both treatment groups . On day 14 of Study 2 , there was a statistically significant reduction in mite counts ( P < 0.008 ) and the mite counts remained very low throughout the remainder of the study . The eprinomectin protocol employed in Study 2 , consisting of four weekly topical administrations at the dose rate of 500mug/kg of body weight , proved highly effective at reducing the Chorioptes mite burden in alpacas ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1886 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21658", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "eprinomectin" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21659", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ivermectin" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 67 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21660", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "eprinomectin" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21661", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "eprinomectin" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21662", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ivermectin" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 67 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21663", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "eprinomectin" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21664", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "eprinomectin" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21665", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ivermectin" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 67 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21666", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "eprinomectin" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21667", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "eprinomectin" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21668", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21669", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "field efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21670", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21671", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "field efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21672", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Response to treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 886, 907 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21673", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "periodic mite count" ], "offsets": [ [ 924, 943 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21674", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "skin lesions scored" ], "offsets": [ [ 950, 969 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21675", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mite counts" ], "offsets": [ [ 1157, 1168 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21676", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "localised or systemic side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1174, 1208 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21677", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mite counts" ], "offsets": [ [ 1157, 1168 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21678", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "mite counts" ], "offsets": [ [ 1157, 1168 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21679", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mite counts" ], "offsets": [ [ 1157, 1168 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21680", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mite counts" ], "offsets": [ [ 1157, 1168 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21681", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Chorioptes mite burden" ], "offsets": [ [ 1851, 1873 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21682", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chorioptic mange" ], "offsets": [ [ 133, 149 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21683", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Thirty" ], "offsets": [ [ 509, 515 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21684", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "19" ], "offsets": [ [ 998, 1000 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21685", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Chorioptes mite burden" ], "offsets": [ [ 1851, 1873 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21687", "type": "document", "text": [ "Use of an inspiratory impedance threshold device on a facemask and endotracheal tube to reduce intrathoracic pressures during the decompression phase of active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation . INTRODUCTION Use of an inspiratory impedance threshold device ( ITD ) significantly increases coronary perfusion pressures and survival in patients ventilated with an endotracheal tube ( ETT ) during active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation . We tested the hypothesis that the ITD could lower intratracheal pressures when attached to either a facemask or ETT . METHODS An active and sham ITD were randomly applied first to a facemask and then to an ETT during active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation in 13 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in a randomized , double-blinded , prospective clinical trial . The compression-to-bag-valve ventilation ratio was 15:2 . Airway pressures ( surrogate for intrathoracic pressure ) were measured with a pressure transducer . A sham and an active ITD were used for 1 min each in a randomized order , first on a facemask and then on an ETT . Statistical analyses were made using Friedman 's and Wilcoxon 's rank-sum tests . RESULTS For the primary end point , mean +/- sd maximum negative intrathoracic pressures ( mm Hg ) during the decompression phase of cardiopulmonary resuscitation were -1.0 +/- 0.73 mm Hg with a sham vs. -4.6 +/- 3.7 mm Hg with an active ITD on the facemask ( p = .003 ) and -1.3 +/- 1.3 mm Hg with a sham ITD vs. -7.3 +/- 4.5 mm Hg with an active ITD on an ETT ( p = .0009 ) . Decompression phase airway pressures with the facemask and ETT were not statistically different . CONCLUSIONS Use of an active ITD attached to a facemask or an ETT resulted in a significantly lower negative intratracheal pressure during the decompression phase of active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation when compared with controls . Airway pressures with an ITD on either a facemask or ETT were similar . The ITD-facemask combination was practical and enables rapid deployment of this life-saving technology ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2140 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21688", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "inspiratory impedance threshold device on a facemask and endotracheal tube" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 84 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21689", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "inspiratory impedance threshold device ( ITD )" ], "offsets": [ [ 241, 287 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21690", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "endotracheal tube ( ETT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 385, 410 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21691", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation" ], "offsets": [ [ 153, 215 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21692", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ITD" ], "offsets": [ [ 282, 285 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21693", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "facemask or ETT" ], "offsets": [ [ 583, 598 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21694", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "active and sham ITD" ], "offsets": [ [ 612, 631 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21695", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "facemask" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21696", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ETT" ], "offsets": [ [ 405, 408 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21697", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation" ], "offsets": [ [ 153, 215 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21698", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "sham and an active ITD" ], "offsets": [ [ 1034, 1056 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21699", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "facemask" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21700", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ETT" ], "offsets": [ [ 405, 408 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21701", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "sham" ], "offsets": [ [ 623, 627 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21702", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "active ITD" ], "offsets": [ [ 1046, 1056 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21703", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "facemask and ETT" ], "offsets": [ [ 1653, 1669 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21704", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "active ITD attached to a facemask or an ETT" ], "offsets": [ [ 1727, 1770 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21705", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ITD" ], "offsets": [ [ 282, 285 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21706", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "facemask" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21707", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ETT" ], "offsets": [ [ 405, 408 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21708", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ITD-facemask combination" ], "offsets": [ [ 2040, 2064 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21709", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "intrathoracic pressures" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 118 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21710", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation" ], "offsets": [ [ 160, 215 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21711", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean +/- sd maximum negative intrathoracic pressures" ], "offsets": [ [ 1265, 1317 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21712", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "decompression phase of cardiopulmonary resuscitation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1339, 1391 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21713", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Decompression phase airway pressures" ], "offsets": [ [ 1607, 1643 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21714", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "negative intratracheal pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 1805, 1836 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21716", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effects of congestive heart failure on plasma von Willebrand factor and soluble P-selectin concentrations in patients with non-valvar atrial fibrillation . OBJECTIVE To examine further the relations of plasma von Willebrand factor ( vWf , an index of endothelial damage and dysfunction ) and soluble P-selectin ( sP-sel , an index of platelet activation ) concentrations to the presence and onset of clinical congestive heart failure ( CHF ) and the degree of left ventricular ( LV ) dysfunction in patients taking part in the SPAF ( stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation ) study . METHODS Plasma concentrations of vWf and sP-sel were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) in 1321 participants in the SPAF III study and related to the presence and onset of clinical CHF , as well as echocardiographic findings . Of the 1321 patients with atrial fibrillation ( AF ) , 331 ( 25 % ) had a documented history of clinical heart failure , of which 168 cases were related to a new or recurrent episode of acute decompensated heart failure occurring within the preceding three months . RESULTS Mean plasma vWf was higher among patients with AF and CHF ( 154 ( 29 ) v 144 ( 31 ) IU/dl , p < 0.001 ) , particularly those with acute or recent decompensated symptoms . Patients with severe LV dysfunction on two dimensional echocardiography and low fractional shortening also had significantly higher vWf concentrations than those with no LV dysfunction . CHF patients with clinical features -- with ( 156 ( 28 ) IU/dl ) and without ( 152 ( 31 ) IU/dl ) LV dysfunction -- also had higher mean vWf concentrations than patients with asymptomatic LV dysfunction ( 146 ( 31 ) IU/dl , p < 0.001 ) . The presence of mitral regurgitation in CHF was associated with lower vWf concentrations . Plasma sP-sel concentrations were not affected by presence , onset , or severity of heart failure . CONCLUSIONS CHF may contribute to hypercoagulability and thrombotic risk in AF through increased endothelial damage and dysfunction . Patients with acute or recent decompensated features have the highest degree of endothelial damage and dysfunction . The presence of CHF clinical features was an important determinant of plasma vWf concentrations ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2242 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21717", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Willebrand factor" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 67 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21718", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "P-selectin" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 90 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21719", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "vWf" ], "offsets": [ [ 233, 236 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21720", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "and" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21721", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "sP-sel" ], "offsets": [ [ 313, 319 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21722", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma von Willebrand factor" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 67 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21723", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "soluble P-selectin concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 105 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21724", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma von Willebrand factor ( vWf , an index of endothelial damage and dysfunction )" ], "offsets": [ [ 202, 287 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21725", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "soluble P-selectin ( sP-sel , an index of platelet activation )" ], "offsets": [ [ 292, 355 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21726", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Plasma concentrations of vWf" ], "offsets": [ [ 593, 621 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21727", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sP-sel" ], "offsets": [ [ 313, 319 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21728", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Mean plasma vWf" ], "offsets": [ [ 1107, 1122 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21729", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "severe LV dysfunction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1292, 1313 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21730", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "vWf concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1410, 1428 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21731", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean vWf concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1597, 1620 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21732", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mitral regurgitation in CHF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1719, 1746 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21733", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Plasma sP-sel concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1794, 1822 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21734", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "endothelial damage and dysfunction" ], "offsets": [ [ 251, 285 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21735", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "endothelial damage and dysfunction" ], "offsets": [ [ 251, 285 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21736", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with non-valvar atrial fibrillation ." ], "offsets": [ [ 109, 155 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21738", "type": "document", "text": [ "Cigarette smoking is associated with increased circulating proinflammatory and procoagulant markers in patients with chronic coronary artery disease : effects of aspirin treatment . BACKGROUND Smoking is associated with endothelial dysfunction . Cytokines released by injured endothelium promote vascular interactions with leukocytes and platelets . We investigated whether ( a ) cigarette smoking is linked to increased cytokine production , which may mediate platelet activation and thrombin generation in chronic coronary artery disease ( CAD ) , and ( b ) aspirin treatment inhibits smoking-related changes on cytokines , platelets , and thrombin . METHODS AND RESULTS Plasma macrophage-colony-stimulating factor ( M-CSF ) and C-reactive protein ( CRP ) were measured in 100 patients with chronic CAD , 60 of whom were chronic smokers . Prothrombin fragments 1+2 and urinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 ( TXB2 ) were additionally measured in 60 of 100 patients ( 30 of whom were smokers ) and in 24 healthy controls . Smokers ( n = 20 ) matched for age , myocardial ischemia , and other risk factors with 20 nonsmokers entered a double-blind crossover trial of aspirin ( 300 mg/d for 3 weeks ) versus placebo . Blood and urine measurements were repeated after each treatment . Compared with nonsmokers , smokers had 3-fold median M-CSF ( 1499 vs 476 pg/mL ) , 2-fold CRP ( 1.5 vs 0.8 mg/L ) , and higher 11-dehydro-TXB 2 ( 3.6 vs 2.1 ng/mg creatinine , P < .01 for all comparisons ) . After aspirin treatment , M-CSF , CRP , 11-dehydro-TXB 2 , and prothrombin fragments 1+2 remained higher in smokers compared with nonsmokers despite a significant reduction of these markers by aspirin ( P < .05 ) . M-CSF remained related to 11-dehydro-TXB 2 excretion during both treatment phases ( P < .01 ) suggesting that cytokine-mediated thromboxane A 2 production was not altered by aspirin . CONCLUSIONS Smoking is associated with increased M-CSF , CRP , and platelet activity . Although aspirin treatment reduces the proinflammatory and procoagulant markers in smokers , it does not abolish the proinflammatory effects of smoking in patients with chronic CAD ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2155 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21739", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "aspirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 162, 169 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21740", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "aspirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 162, 169 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21741", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1203, 1212 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21742", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "aspirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 162, 169 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21743", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "3-fold median M-CSF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1318, 1337 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21744", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "2-fold CRP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1362, 1372 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21745", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "11-dehydro-TXB" ], "offsets": [ [ 1406, 1420 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21746", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "M-CSF" ], "offsets": [ [ 719, 724 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21747", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CRP" ], "offsets": [ [ 752, 755 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21748", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "11-dehydro-TXB 2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1406, 1422 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21749", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "prothrombin fragments 1+2 remained higher" ], "offsets": [ [ 1550, 1591 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21750", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic coronary artery disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 117, 148 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21751", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "100" ], "offsets": [ [ 775, 778 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21752", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic CAD" ], "offsets": [ [ 793, 804 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21753", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "60" ], "offsets": [ [ 807, 809 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21754", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic smokers" ], "offsets": [ [ 823, 838 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21755", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "60" ], "offsets": [ [ 807, 809 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21756", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "smokers" ], "offsets": [ [ 831, 838 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21757", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "24" ], "offsets": [ [ 998, 1000 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21758", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Smokers" ], "offsets": [ [ 1020, 1027 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21759", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "20" ], "offsets": [ [ 1034, 1036 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21760", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "20" ], "offsets": [ [ 1034, 1036 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21761", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "nonsmokers" ], "offsets": [ [ 1110, 1120 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21762", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic CAD" ], "offsets": [ [ 793, 804 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21764", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effects of home strength training and stretching versus stretching alone after lumbar disk surgery : a randomized study with a 1-year follow-up . OBJECTIVE To assess the adherence to and effects of a 12-month combined strength and stretching home exercise regimen versus stretching alone , on patient outcome after lumbar disk surgery . DESIGN Randomized controlled trial . SETTING Departments of physical medicine and rehabilitation and orthopedics at a Finnish hospital . PARTICIPANTS Patients ( N=126 ) were randomized into either a combined strength training and stretching group ( STG , n=65 ) or a control group ( CG , n=61 ) . INTERVENTION The STG was instructed to perform strength training and both the STG and CG were instructed in the same stretching and stabilization exercises for 12 months . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Pain on the visual analog scale ( VAS ) , the Oswestry and the Million disability indexes , isometric and dynamic trunk muscle strength , mobility in the lumbar spine , and straight-leg raising were measured . RESULTS The trial was completed by 71 % and 77 % of the patients from the STG and the CG , respectively . The mean strength training frequency decreased from 1.5 to 0.6 times a week in the STG during the intervention . The mean stretching frequency decreased from 3.7 to 1.6 times a week in both groups . Median back and leg pain varied between 17 and 23 mm ( VAS ) , and the Million and Oswestry indices varied between 14 and 23 points 2 months postoperatively . No statistically significant changes took place in these outcome measures during the 12-month follow-up in both groups . The changes in isometric trunk extension favored the STG ( P =.016 ) during the first 2 months . However , during the whole 12-month training period , both dynamic and isometric back extension and flexion strength , as well as mobility of the spine and repetitive squat-test results , improved significantly in both groups , and no differences were found in any of the physical function parameters between the STG and CG . CONCLUSIONS At the 12-month follow-up , no statistically significant changes were found in the physical function , pain , or disability measures between the groups . In the STG , training adherence with regard to training frequency and intensity remained too low to lead to specific training-induced adaptations in the neuromuscular system . Progressive loading , supervision of training , and psychosocial support is needed in long-term rehabilitation programs to maintain patient motivation ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2540 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21765", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "home strength training and stretching" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 48 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21766", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "stretching alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21767", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "combined strength and stretching home exercise regimen" ], "offsets": [ [ 209, 263 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21768", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "stretching alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21769", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "combined strength training and stretching group" ], "offsets": [ [ 536, 583 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21770", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control group" ], "offsets": [ [ 604, 617 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21771", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "strength training" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21772", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "stretching and stabilization exercises" ], "offsets": [ [ 751, 789 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21773", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "stretching" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 48 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21774", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "visual analog scale ( VAS ) , the Oswestry and the Million disability indexes , isometric and dynamic trunk muscle strength , mobility in the lumbar spine , and straight-leg raising" ], "offsets": [ [ 840, 1021 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21775", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean strength training frequency" ], "offsets": [ [ 1148, 1180 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21776", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean stretching frequency" ], "offsets": [ [ 1261, 1286 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21777", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "Median back and leg pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1343, 1367 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21778", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Million and Oswestry indices" ], "offsets": [ [ 1414, 1442 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21779", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "isometric trunk extension" ], "offsets": [ [ 1638, 1663 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21780", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "dynamic and isometric back extension and flexion strength" ], "offsets": [ [ 1779, 1836 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21781", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mobility of the spine and repetitive squat-test results" ], "offsets": [ [ 1850, 1905 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21782", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "physical function parameters" ], "offsets": [ [ 1992, 2020 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21783", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "physical function" ], "offsets": [ [ 1992, 2009 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21784", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ ", pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 2159, 2165 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21785", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ ", or disability measures" ], "offsets": [ [ 2166, 2190 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21786", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "lumbar disk surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 79, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21787", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "after lumbar disk surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21788", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "N=126" ], "offsets": [ [ 498, 503 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21790", "type": "document", "text": [ "Efficacy of physiotherapy management of knee joint osteoarthritis : a randomised , double blind , placebo controlled trial . OBJECTIVE To determine whether a multimodal physiotherapy programme including taping , exercises , and massage is effective for knee osteoarthritis , and if benefits can be maintained with self management . METHODS Randomised , double blind , placebo controlled trial ; 140 community volunteers with knee osteoarthritis participated and 119 completed the trial . Physiotherapy and placebo interventions were applied by 10 physiotherapists in private practices for 12 weeks . Physiotherapy included exercise , massage , taping , and mobilisation , followed by 12 weeks of self management . Placebo was sham ultrasound and light application of a non-therapeutic gel , followed by no treatment . Primary outcomes were pain measured by visual analogue scale and patient global change . Secondary measures included WOMAC , knee pain scale , SF-36 , assessment of quality of life index , quadriceps strength , and balance test . RESULTS Using an intention to treat analysis , physiotherapy and placebo groups showed similar pain reductions at 12 weeks : -2.2 cm ( 95 % CI , -2.6 to -1.7 ) and -2.0 cm ( -2.5 to -1.5 ) , respectively . At 24 weeks , pain remained reduced from baseline in both groups : -2.1 ( -2.6 to -1.6 ) and -1.6 ( -2.2 to -1.0 ) , respectively . Global improvement was reported by 70 % of physiotherapy participants ( 51/73 ) at 12 weeks and by 59 % ( 43/73 ) at 24 weeks . Similarly , global improvement was reported by 72 % of placebo participants ( 48/67 ) at 12 weeks and by 49 % ( 33/67 ) at 24 weeks ( all p > 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS The physiotherapy programme tested in this trial was no more effective than regular contact with a therapist at reducing pain and disability ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1819 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21791", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "physiotherapy management" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21792", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 105 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21793", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "multimodal physiotherapy programme" ], "offsets": [ [ 158, 192 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21794", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "taping" ], "offsets": [ [ 203, 209 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21795", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "exercises" ], "offsets": [ [ 212, 221 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21796", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "massage" ], "offsets": [ [ 228, 235 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21797", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 105 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21798", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Physiotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 488, 501 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21799", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 105 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21800", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Physiotherapy included exercise" ], "offsets": [ [ 600, 631 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21801", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "massage" ], "offsets": [ [ 228, 235 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21802", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "taping" ], "offsets": [ [ 203, 209 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21803", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "mobilisation" ], "offsets": [ [ 657, 669 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21804", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "Placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 714, 721 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21805", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "sham ultrasound and light application of a non-therapeutic gel , followed by no treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 726, 815 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21806", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "physiotherapy programme" ], "offsets": [ [ 169, 192 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21807", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain measured" ], "offsets": [ [ 840, 853 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21808", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "visual analogue scale and patient global change" ], "offsets": [ [ 857, 904 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21809", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "." ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 124 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21810", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "WOMAC" ], "offsets": [ [ 935, 940 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21811", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "knee pain scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 943, 958 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21812", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "SF-36" ], "offsets": [ [ 961, 966 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21813", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "assessment of quality of life index" ], "offsets": [ [ 969, 1004 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21814", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "quadriceps strength" ], "offsets": [ [ 1007, 1026 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21815", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "balance test" ], "offsets": [ [ 1033, 1045 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21816", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain reductions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1143, 1158 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21817", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain remained reduced" ], "offsets": [ [ 1268, 1289 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21818", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Global improvement" ], "offsets": [ [ 1386, 1404 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21819", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "global improvement" ], "offsets": [ [ 1526, 1544 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21820", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "knee joint osteoarthritis" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21821", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "knee osteoarthritis" ], "offsets": [ [ 253, 272 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21822", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "140" ], "offsets": [ [ 395, 398 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21823", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "knee osteoarthritis" ], "offsets": [ [ 253, 272 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21824", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "119" ], "offsets": [ [ 462, 465 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21826", "type": "document", "text": [ "Cost-effectiveness of combined manipulation , stabilizing exercises , and physician consultation compared to physician consultation alone for chronic low back pain : a prospective randomized trial with 2-year follow-up . STUDY DESIGN A prospective , randomized controlled trial . OBJECTIVE To examine long-term effects and costs of combined manipulative treatment , stabilizing exercises , and physician consultation compared with physician consultation alone for chronic low back pain ( cLBP ) . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA An obvious gap exists in knowledge concerning long-term efficacy and cost-effectiveness of manipulative treatment methods . METHODS Of 204 patients with cLBP whose Oswestry Disability Index ( ODI ) was at least 16 % , 102 were randomized into a combined manipulative treatment , exercise , and physician consultation group ( i.e. , a combination group ) , and 102 to a consultation alone group . All patients were clinically examined , informed about their back pain , and encouraged to stay active and exercise according to specific instructions based on clinical evaluation . Treatment included 4 sessions of manual therapy and stabilizing exercises aimed at correcting the lumbopelvic rhythm . Questionnaires inquired about pain ( visual analog scale ( VAS ) ) , disability ( ODI ) , health-related quality of life ( 15D Quality of Life Instrument ) , satisfaction with care , and costs . RESULTS Significant improvement occurred in both groups on every self-rated outcome measurement . Within 2 years , the combination group showed only a slightly more significant reduction in VAS ( P = 0.01 , analysis of variance ) but clearly higher patient satisfaction ( P = 0.001 , Pearson chi2 ) as compared to the consultation group . Incremental analysis showed that for combined group compared to consultation group , a one-point change in VAS scale cost $ 512 . CONCLUSIONS Physician consultation alone was more cost-effective for both health care use and work absenteeism , and led to equal improvement in disability and health-related quality of life . It seems obvious that encouraging information and advice are major elements for the treatment of patients with cLBP ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2195 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21827", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "combined manipulation" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21828", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "stabilizing exercises" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 67 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21829", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "physician consultation" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 96 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21830", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "physician consultation alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 109, 137 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21831", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "combined manipulative treatment , stabilizing exercises , and physician consultation compared with" ], "offsets": [ [ 332, 430 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21832", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "physician consultation alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 109, 137 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21833", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "manipulative treatment , exercise , and physician consultation group" ], "offsets": [ [ 778, 846 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21834", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "consultation" ], "offsets": [ [ 84, 96 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21835", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 132, 137 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21836", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "manual therapy and stabilizing exercises" ], "offsets": [ [ 1135, 1175 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21837", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "Physician consultation alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1897, 1925 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21838", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain ( visual analog scale ( VAS ) ) ," ], "offsets": [ [ 1251, 1289 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21839", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "disability ( ODI )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1290, 1308 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21840", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "health-related quality of life" ], "offsets": [ [ 1311, 1341 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21841", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "15D Quality of Life Instrument" ], "offsets": [ [ 1344, 1374 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21842", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "satisfaction with care" ], "offsets": [ [ 1379, 1401 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21843", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "costs" ], "offsets": [ [ 323, 328 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21844", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "self-rated outcome" ], "offsets": [ [ 1481, 1499 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21845", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "VAS" ], "offsets": [ [ 1280, 1283 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21846", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "patient satisfaction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1665, 1685 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21847", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "cost-effective" ], "offsets": [ [ 593, 607 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21848", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic low back pain :" ], "offsets": [ [ 142, 165 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21849", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic low back pain ( cLBP" ], "offsets": [ [ 464, 492 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21850", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "204" ], "offsets": [ [ 659, 662 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21851", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "cLBP" ], "offsets": [ [ 488, 492 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21853", "type": "document", "text": [ "Uterine incision closure at caesarean section : a randomised comparative study of intraperitoneal closure and closure after temporary exteriorisation . BACKGROUND The safety of the technique of uterine exteriorization at caesarean section though popular among obstetricians , remains controversial . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of exteriorization of uterus during uterine repair on caesarean morbidity . METHODS A randomized comparative study of 136 women undergoing primary caesarean delivery at Havana Specialist Hospital Lagos Nigeria . Data on operation time , estimated blood loss , postoperative morbidities were collected and analysed with comparison between the two groups using chi square , Fischer 's exact test and t-test as appropriate . RESULTS The mean operative time , estimated blood loss , transfusion rate and postoperative anemia rate were significantly less in the exteriorized group than the intraperitoneal group ( p = 0.000 , 0.009,0.048 0.038 and 0.028 respectively ) , but not in other outcome measures . CONCLUSION With shorter operative time , less blood loss and similar morbidity profile exteriorization of uterus during caesarean section seems to be preferred except where it is not possible because of adhesions and surgeons inexperience ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1278 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21854", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "intraperitoneal closure and closure after temporary exteriorisation ." ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 151 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21855", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "technique of uterine exteriorization at caesarean section" ], "offsets": [ [ 181, 238 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21856", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "mean operative time" ], "offsets": [ [ 770, 789 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21857", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "estimated blood loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 573, 593 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21858", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "transfusion rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 815, 831 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21859", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "postoperative anemia rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 836, 861 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21860", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "136" ], "offsets": [ [ 454, 457 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21861", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 458, 463 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21862", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "primary caesarean delivery" ], "offsets": [ [ 475, 501 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "21864", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effects of two combined oral contraceptives containing ethinyl estradiol 20 microg combined with either drospirenone or desogestrel on lipids , hemostatic parameters and carbohydrate metabolism . OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of ethinyl estradiol 20 microg/drospirenone 3 mg ( EE 20 microg/DRSP 3 mg ) administered according to a 24/4 regimen with ethinyl estradiol 20 microg/desogestrel 150 microg ( EE 20 microg/DSG 150 microg ) administered according to the conventional 21/7 regimen on lipid , carbohydrate and hemostatic parameters . STUDY DESIGN In this open-label study , healthy women were randomized to EE 20 microg/DRSP 3 mg or EE 20 microg/DSG 150 microg for seven cycles . Mean differences in high-density lipoprotein ( HDL ) - and low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) -cholesterol levels at cycle 7 compared to baseline were assessed . Secondary variables included changes in other lipid , hemostatic and carbohydrate parameters . RESULTS Both treatments increased HDL-cholesterol , but decreased LDL-cholesterol by a comparable extent . Although slightly elevated in both groups , blood glucose and C-peptide levels measured during oral glucose tolerance tests were within normal reference ranges at cycle 7 . Overall , the differences in lipid , hemostatic or carbohydrate parameters were not significant between the two treatments . CONCLUSION EE 20 microg/DRSP 3 mg has a good safety profile comparable with EE 20 microg/DSG 150 microg ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1451 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21865", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oral contraceptives" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21866", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ethinyl estradiol" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21867", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "drospirenone" ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 116 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21868", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "desogestrel" ], "offsets": [ [ 120, 131 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21869", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ethinyl estradiol 20 microg/drospirenone 3 mg" ], "offsets": [ [ 231, 276 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21870", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ethinyl estradiol 20 microg/desogestrel" ], "offsets": [ [ 350, 389 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21871", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "high-density lipoprotein ( HDL )" ], "offsets": [ [ 707, 739 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21872", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) -cholesterol levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 746, 797 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21873", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "other lipid , hemostatic and carbohydrate parameters" ], "offsets": [ [ 886, 938 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21874", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HDL-cholesterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 975, 990 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21875", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "LDL-cholesterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1007, 1022 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21876", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood glucose and C-peptide levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1092, 1126 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21877", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "lipid" ], "offsets": [ [ 135, 140 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21878", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hemostatic or carbohydrate parameters" ], "offsets": [ [ 1258, 1295 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21879", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "healthy" ], "offsets": [ [ 581, 588 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21880", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 589, 594 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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