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24228 | 1623694 | [
{
"id": "24229",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Differential effects of two dihydropyridine calcium antagonists in humans . We studied the effects after single doses of niguldipine ( 0.3 , 0.6 , and 0.9 mg intravenously ; 8 and 16 mg orally ) and nifedipine ( 2 mg intravenously ; 20 mg orally ) in healthy male volunteers in randomized placebo-controlled experiments . Total peripheral resistance ( TPR ) , heart rate-corrected electromechanical systole ( QS2c ) , and preejection period ( PEPc ) were assessed noninvasively . Both drugs induced a similar pronounced decreased in TRP , indicating peripheral vasodilation , followed by increasing heart rate and cardiac output , a decrease in diastolic blood pressure , and a shortening of the PEPc . QS2c was unchanged after niguldipine . The prolongation of QS2c after oral nifedipine is suggestive of a negative inotropic effect . We conclude that the vasodilatory effects of dihydropyridines may ( as for nifedipine ) or may not ( as for niguldipine ) be associated with changes that are suggestive of negative inotropic effects , and that this difference is detectable by noninvasive methods in healthy subjects ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1120
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}
] | [
{
"id": "24230",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dihydropyridine calcium antagonists"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
63
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24231",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"niguldipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
121,
132
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24232",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nifedipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
199,
209
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24233",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
289,
307
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24234",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nifedipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
199,
209
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24235",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dihydropyridines"
],
"offsets": [
[
881,
897
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24236",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nifedipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
199,
209
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24237",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"niguldipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
121,
132
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24238",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Differential effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
20
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24239",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Total peripheral resistance ( TPR )"
],
"offsets": [
[
322,
357
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24240",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"heart rate-corrected electromechanical systole ( QS2c )"
],
"offsets": [
[
360,
415
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24241",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"preejection period ( PEPc )"
],
"offsets": [
[
422,
449
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24242",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"heart rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
360,
370
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24243",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cardiac output"
],
"offsets": [
[
614,
628
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24244",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"prolongation of QS2c"
],
"offsets": [
[
746,
766
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24245",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"negative inotropic effect"
],
"offsets": [
[
808,
833
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24246",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"vasodilatory effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
857,
877
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24247",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"negative inotropic effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
1008,
1034
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24248",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"healthy male volunteers"
],
"offsets": [
[
251,
274
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
24249 | 16238662 | [
{
"id": "24250",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A randomised controlled trial of a CBT intervention for anxiety in children with Asperger syndrome . BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a brief CBT intervention for anxiety with children diagnosed with Asperger syndrome ( AS ) . A second interest was to evaluate whether more intensive parent involvement would increase the child 's ability to manage anxiety outside of the clinic setting . METHODS Seventy-one children aged ten to twelve years were recruited to participate in the anxiety programme . All children were diagnosed with AS and the presence of anxiety symptoms was accepted on parent report via brief interview . Children were randomly assigned to one of three conditions : intervention for child only , intervention for child and parent , wait-list control . RESULTS The two intervention groups demonstrated significant decreases in parent-reported anxiety symptoms at follow-up and a significant increase in the child 's ability to generate positive strategies in an anxiety-provoking situation . There were a number of significant differences between the two interventions to suggest parent involvement as beneficial . CONCLUSIONS The sample of children with AS in this study presented with a profile of anxiety similar to a sample of clinically diagnosed anxious children . The intervention was endorsed by parents as a useful programme for children diagnosed with Asperger syndrome and exhibiting anxiety symptoms , and active parent involvement enhanced the usefulness of the programme . Limitations of the study and future research are discussed ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1602
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "24251",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"CBT intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
35,
51
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24252",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"brief CBT intervention for anxiety"
],
"offsets": [
[
172,
206
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24253",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"intervention for child only , intervention for child and parent , wait-list control ."
],
"offsets": [
[
722,
807
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24254",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Asperger syndrome"
],
"offsets": [
[
81,
98
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24255",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"parent-reported anxiety symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
882,
914
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24256",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"anxiety in"
],
"offsets": [
[
56,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24257",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24258",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"with Asperger syndrome ."
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
100
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24259",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24260",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"diagnosed with Asperger syndrome ( AS ) ."
],
"offsets": [
[
221,
262
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24261",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Seventy-one"
],
"offsets": [
[
433,
444
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24262",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24263",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"ten to twelve years"
],
"offsets": [
[
459,
478
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24264",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24265",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"AS"
],
"offsets": [
[
256,
258
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24266",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"anxiety symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
592,
608
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24267",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24268",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Asperger syndrome"
],
"offsets": [
[
81,
98
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24269",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"anxiety"
],
"offsets": [
[
56,
63
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
24270 | 16238797 | [
{
"id": "24271",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Bronchial matrix and inflammation respond to inhaled steroids despite ongoing allergen exposure in asthma . BACKGROUND Inflammatory and structural changes of the airway mucosa are chronic features of asthma . The mechanisms underlying these changes and their modulation by steroid prophylaxis have not been clarified . OBJECTIVE We postulated that asymptomatic ongoing allergen exposure could drive airway inflammation as well as changes in the extracellular matrix ( ECM ) , and that inhaled steroids could prevent this . METHODS Therefore , we exposed patients with mild asthma to 2 weeks of repeated low-dose allergen , with concomitant inhaled steroid or placebo treatment . Bronchial biopsies , which were taken before and after this exposure , were stained and digitally analysed . The ECM proteins in asthmatics were also compared with a normal control group . RESULTS Low-dose allergen exposure alone resulted in a significant increase of bronchial epithelial macrophages . Despite ongoing allergen exposure , inhaled steroids reduced the numbers of mucosal eosinophils , neutrophils and T lymphocytes . At baseline , the mean density of the proteoglycans ( PGS ) biglycan and decorin were , respectively , higher and lower in the bronchial mucosa of asthmatics as compared with normal controls . Steroid treatment , during allergen exposure , increased the mean density of the PGS biglycan and versican . CONCLUSION We conclude that chronic allergen exposure induces inflammatory changes in the bronchial mucosa . Despite ongoing allergen exposure , steroid treatment decreases mucosal inflammatory cells while altering PG density . The latter observation highlights the need to examine steroid-induced changes closely in the airway structure in patients with asthma ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1777
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "24272",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"inhaled steroids"
],
"offsets": [
[
45,
61
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24273",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"steroid"
],
"offsets": [
[
53,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24274",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"inhaled steroids"
],
"offsets": [
[
45,
61
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24275",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"low-dose allergen"
],
"offsets": [
[
603,
620
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24276",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"concomitant inhaled steroid"
],
"offsets": [
[
628,
655
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24277",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
659,
676
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24278",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"steroids"
],
"offsets": [
[
53,
61
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24279",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Steroid"
],
"offsets": [
[
1305,
1312
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24280",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"steroid"
],
"offsets": [
[
53,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24281",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Bronchial matrix and inflammation"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24282",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Inflammatory and structural changes of the airway mucosa"
],
"offsets": [
[
119,
175
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24283",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bronchial epithelial macrophages"
],
"offsets": [
[
947,
979
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24284",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"numbers of mucosal eosinophils , neutrophils and T lymphocytes"
],
"offsets": [
[
1047,
1109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24285",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"density of the proteoglycans ( PGS ) biglycan and decorin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1135,
1192
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24286",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean density of the PGS biglycan and versican"
],
"offsets": [
[
1366,
1411
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24287",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mucosal inflammatory cells"
],
"offsets": [
[
1587,
1613
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24288",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"steroid-induced changes"
],
"offsets": [
[
1696,
1719
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24289",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"asthma"
],
"offsets": [
[
99,
105
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24290",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with mild asthma"
],
"offsets": [
[
554,
579
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24291",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with asthma ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1755,
1777
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
24292 | 16239862 | [
{
"id": "24293",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Long-term effects of risperidone in children with autism spectrum disorders : a placebo discontinuation study . OBJECTIVE The short-term benefit of risperidone in ameliorating severe disruptive behavior in pediatric patients with autism spectrum disorders is well established ; however , only one placebo-controlled , long-term study of efficacy is available . METHOD Thirty-six children with an autism spectrum disorder ( 5-17 years old ) accompanied by severe tantrums , aggression , or self-injurious behavior , started 8-week open-label treatment with risperidone . Responders ( n = 26 ) continued treatment for another 16 weeks , followed by a double-blind discontinuation ( n = 24 ; two patients discontinued treatment because of weight gain ) consisting of either 3 weeks of taper and 5 weeks of placebo only or continuing use of risperidone . Relapse was defined as a significant deterioration of symptoms based on clinical judgment and a parent questionnaire . RESULTS Risperidone was superior to placebo in preventing relapse : this occurred in 3 of 12 patients continuing on risperidone versus 8 of 12 who switched to placebo ( p = .049 ) . Weight gain , increased appetite , anxiety , and fatigue were the most frequently reported side effects . CONCLUSIONS This study indicates the effectiveness of risperidone during a period of several months , reducing disruptive behavior in about half of the children with autism spectrum disorders . The results provide a rationale for the continuing use of risperidone beyond 6 months , although considerable weight gain can limit the use of this agent ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1607
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "24294",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
21,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24295",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
80,
87
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24296",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"severe disruptive behavior"
],
"offsets": [
[
176,
202
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24297",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"relapse :"
],
"offsets": [
[
1028,
1037
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24298",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Weight gain , increased appetite"
],
"offsets": [
[
1152,
1184
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24299",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"anxiety"
],
"offsets": [
[
1187,
1194
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24300",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"fatigue"
],
"offsets": [
[
1201,
1208
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24301",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"disruptive behavior"
],
"offsets": [
[
183,
202
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24302",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"weight gain"
],
"offsets": [
[
736,
747
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24303",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
44
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24304",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism spectrum disorders"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24305",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"pediatric patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
206,
224
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24306",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism spectrum disorders"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24307",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Thirty-six"
],
"offsets": [
[
368,
378
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24308",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
44
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24309",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism spectrum disorder"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
74
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24310",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"5-17"
],
"offsets": [
[
423,
427
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24311",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
44
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24312",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism spectrum disorders"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
24313 | 16249417 | [
{
"id": "24314",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Supplemental perioperative oxygen and the risk of surgical wound infection : a randomized controlled trial . CONTEXT Supplemental perioperative oxygen has been variously reported to halve or double the risk of surgical wound infection . OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that supplemental oxygen reduces infection risk in patients following colorectal surgery . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PATIENTS A double-blind , randomized controlled trial of 300 patients aged 18 to 80 years who underwent elective colorectal surgery in 14 Spanish hospitals from March 1 , 2003 , to October 31 , 2004 . Wound infections were diagnosed by blinded investigators using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria . Baseline patient characteristics , anesthetic treatment , and potential confounding factors were recorded . INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomly assigned to either 30 % or 80 % fraction of inspired oxygen ( FIO2 ) intraoperatively and for 6 hours after surgery . Anesthetic treatment and antibiotic administration were standardized . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Any surgical site infection ( SSI ) ; secondary outcomes included return of bowel function and ability to tolerate solid food , ambulation , suture removal , and duration of hospitalization . RESULTS A total of 143 patients received 30 % perioperative oxygen and 148 received 80 % perioperative oxygen . Surgical site infection occurred in 35 patients ( 24.4 % ) administered 30 % FIO2 and in 22 patients ( 14.9 % ) administered 80 % FIO2 ( P=.04 ) . The risk of SSI was 39 % lower in the 80 % FIO2 group ( relative risk [ RR ] , 0.61 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.38-0.98 ) vs the 30 % FIO2 group . After adjustment for important covariates , the RR of infection in patients administered supplemental oxygen was 0.46 ( 95 % CI , 0.22-0.95 ; P = .04 ) . None of the secondary outcomes varied significantly between the 2 treatment groups . CONCLUSIONS Patients receiving supplemental inspired oxygen had a significant reduction in the risk of wound infection . Supplemental oxygen appears to be an effective intervention to reduce SSI in patients undergoing colon or rectal surgery . Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier : NCT00235456 ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2213
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "24315",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Supplemental perioperative oxygen"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24316",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Supplemental perioperative oxygen"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24317",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"supplemental oxygen"
],
"offsets": [
[
275,
294
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24318",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"30 % or 80 % fraction of inspired oxygen"
],
"offsets": [
[
866,
906
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24319",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"30 % perioperative oxygen"
],
"offsets": [
[
1291,
1316
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24320",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"80 % perioperative oxygen"
],
"offsets": [
[
1334,
1359
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24321",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"80 % FIO2"
],
"offsets": [
[
1487,
1496
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24322",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"30 % FIO2"
],
"offsets": [
[
1434,
1443
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24323",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"supplemental inspired oxygen"
],
"offsets": [
[
1936,
1964
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24324",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Supplemental oxygen"
],
"offsets": [
[
2026,
2045
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24325",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"surgical wound infection"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
74
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24326",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"surgical wound infection"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
74
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24327",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Any surgical site infection"
],
"offsets": [
[
1058,
1085
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24328",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"return of bowel function"
],
"offsets": [
[
1124,
1148
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24329",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ability to tolerate solid food"
],
"offsets": [
[
1153,
1183
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24330",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ambulation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1186,
1196
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24331",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"suture removal"
],
"offsets": [
[
1199,
1213
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24332",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"duration of hospitalization"
],
"offsets": [
[
1220,
1247
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24333",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Surgical site infection"
],
"offsets": [
[
1362,
1385
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24334",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"risk of SSI"
],
"offsets": [
[
1513,
1524
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24335",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"risk of wound infection"
],
"offsets": [
[
2000,
2023
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24336",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"SSI"
],
"offsets": [
[
1088,
1091
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
24337 | 16253098 | [
{
"id": "24338",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Oral health impacts on daily living related to four different treatment protocols for chronic periodontitis . BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to evaluate the oral health impacts perceived by patients submitted to different treatments of chronic periodontitis and their association with clinical parameters . METHODS Sixty patients were assigned to one of the following therapeutic groups : control , treated with full-mouth scaling and root planing ( SRP ) ; test 1 , treated with SRP and 400 mg systemically administered metronidazole ( MET ) three times per day for 10 days ; test 2 , treated with SRP and professional supragingival plaque removal ( PP ) every week for 3 months ; and test 3 , treated with SRP and MET plus PP . Clinical periodontal measurements and data regarding patients ' oral health impacts ( perceived impacts on bleeding gums , gingival recession , sensitivity to cold , packing foods , aesthetics , bad breath , and tooth mobility ) were collected at baseline and 3 months after therapy . RESULTS All groups presented significant improvement in oral health perceived impacts . There was no statistically significant difference in the improvement of oral health impacts among groups subjected to different treatments . The clinical data of percentage of deep probing depth , deep clinical attachment level , and bleeding on probing were found to be correlated significantly with oral health impacts . CONCLUSIONS Periodontal treatment leads to a significant reduction of self-perceived impacts regardless of the non-surgical treatment protocol employed . Most of the clinical data were associated with oral health impacts ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1656
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "24339",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"full-mouth scaling and root planing ( SRP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
420,
463
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24340",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"metronidazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
529,
542
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24341",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"SRP"
],
"offsets": [
[
458,
461
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24342",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"supragingival plaque removal ( PP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
628,
663
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24343",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"SRP"
],
"offsets": [
[
458,
461
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24344",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"PP"
],
"offsets": [
[
659,
661
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24345",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"Periodontal treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
1446,
1467
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24346",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"oral health impacts ( perceived impacts on bleeding gums , gingival recession , sensitivity to cold , packing foods , aesthetics , bad breath , and tooth mobility )"
],
"offsets": [
[
802,
966
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24347",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"oral health perceived impacts ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1079,
1110
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24348",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"oral health impacts"
],
"offsets": [
[
165,
184
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24349",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"deep probing depth , deep clinical attachment level , and bleeding on probing"
],
"offsets": [
[
1287,
1364
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24350",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"self-perceived impacts"
],
"offsets": [
[
1504,
1526
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24351",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chronic periodontitis"
],
"offsets": [
[
86,
107
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24352",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chronic periodontitis"
],
"offsets": [
[
86,
107
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24353",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Sixty"
],
"offsets": [
[
323,
328
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
24354 | 16254100 | [
{
"id": "24355",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Pathology parameters and adjuvant tamoxifen response in a randomised premenopausal breast cancer trial . BACKGROUND Subgroups of breast cancer that have an impaired response to endocrine treatment , despite hormone receptor positivity , are still poorly defined . Breast cancer can be subdivided according to standard pathological parameters including histological type , grade , and assessment of proliferation . These parameters are the net result of combinations of genetic alterations effecting tumour behaviour and could potentially reflect subtypes that respond differently to endocrine treatment . AIMS To investigate the usefulness of these parameters as predictors of the response to tamoxifen in premenopausal women with breast cancer . MATERIALS/METHODS Clinically established pathological parameters were assessed and related to the tamoxifen response in 500 available tumour specimens from 564 premenopausal patients with breast cancer randomised to either two years of tamoxifen or no treatment with 14 years of follow up . Proliferation was further evaluated by immunohistochemical Ki-67 expression . RESULTS Oestrogen receptor positive ductal carcinomas responded as expected to tamoxifen , whereas the difference in recurrence free survival between control and tamoxifen treated patients was less apparent in the relatively few lobular carcinomas . For histological grade , there was no obvious difference in treatment response between the groups . The relation between proliferation and tamoxifen response seemed to be more complex , with a clear response in tumours with high and low proliferation , whereas tumours with intermediate proliferation defined by Ki-67 responded more poorly . CONCLUSIONS Clinically established pathology parameters seem to mirror the endocrine treatment response and could potentially be valuable in future treatment decisions for patients with breast cancer ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1909
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "24356",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"tamoxifen"
],
"offsets": [
[
34,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24357",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"tamoxifen"
],
"offsets": [
[
34,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24358",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"tamoxifen"
],
"offsets": [
[
34,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24359",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"tamoxifen"
],
"offsets": [
[
34,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24360",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"no treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
996,
1008
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24361",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"tamoxifen"
],
"offsets": [
[
34,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24362",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"control"
],
"offsets": [
[
1266,
1273
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24363",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"tamoxifen"
],
"offsets": [
[
34,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24364",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"tamoxifen"
],
"offsets": [
[
34,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24365",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"adjuvant tamoxifen response"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
52
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24366",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Oestrogen receptor positive ductal carcinomas"
],
"offsets": [
[
1124,
1169
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24367",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"recurrence free survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
1233,
1257
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24368",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"more complex , with a clear response in tumours with high and low proliferation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1537,
1616
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24369",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"poorly"
],
"offsets": [
[
247,
253
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24370",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"premenopausal breast cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
69,
96
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24371",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"premenopausal"
],
"offsets": [
[
69,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24372",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
720,
725
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24373",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"breast cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
83,
96
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24374",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"500"
],
"offsets": [
[
867,
870
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24375",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"564"
],
"offsets": [
[
903,
906
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24376",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with breast cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
921,
948
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
24377 | 16257339 | [
{
"id": "24378",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Gefitinib plus best supportive care in previously treated patients with refractory advanced non-small-cell lung cancer : results from a randomised , placebo-controlled , multicentre study ( Iressa Survival Evaluation in Lung Cancer ) . BACKGROUND This placebo-controlled phase III study investigated the effect on survival of gefitinib as second-line or third-line treatment for patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer . METHODS 1692 patients who were refractory to or intolerant of their latest chemotherapy regimen were randomly assigned in a ratio of two to one either gefitinib ( 250 mg/day ) or placebo , plus best supportive care . The primary endpoint was survival in the overall population of patients and those with adenocarcinoma . The primary analysis of the population for survival was by intention to treat . This study has been submitted for registration with ClinicalTrials.gov , number 1839IL/709 . FINDINGS 1129 patients were assigned gefitinib and 563 placebo . At median follow-up of 7.2 months , median survival did not differ significantly between the groups in the overall population ( 5.6 months for gefitinib and 5.1 months for placebo ; hazard ratio 0.89 [ 95 % CI 0.77-1.02 ] , p=0.087 ) or among the 812 patients with adenocarcinoma ( 6.3 months vs 5.4 months ; 0.84 [ 0.68-1.03 ] , p=0.089 ) . Preplanned subgroup analyses showed significantly longer survival in the gefitinib group than the placebo group for never-smokers ( n=375 ; 0.67 [ 0.49-0.92 ] , p=0.012 ; median survival 8.9 vs 6.1 months ) and patients of Asian origin ( n=342 ; 0.66 [ 0.48-0.91 ] , p=0.01 ; median survival 9.5 vs 5.5 months ) . Gefitinib was well tolerated , as in previous studies . INTERPRETATION Treatment with gefitinib was not associated with significant improvement in survival in either coprimary population . There was pronounced heterogeneity in survival outcomes between groups of patients , with some evidence of benefit among never-smokers and patients of Asian origin ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2022
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "24379",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Gefitinib"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24380",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"best supportive care"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24381",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
149,
167
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24382",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"gefitinib"
],
"offsets": [
[
326,
335
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24383",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"gefitinib"
],
"offsets": [
[
326,
335
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24384",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
149,
156
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24385",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"gefitinib"
],
"offsets": [
[
326,
335
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24386",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effect on survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
304,
322
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24387",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
314,
322
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24388",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
314,
322
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24389",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"median survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
1048,
1063
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24390",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
314,
322
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24391",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"median survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
1048,
1063
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24392",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"median survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
1048,
1063
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24393",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"tolerated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1687,
1696
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24394",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
314,
322
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24395",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
314,
322
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24396",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"refractory advanced non-small-cell lung cancer :"
],
"offsets": [
[
72,
120
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24397",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
393,
450
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24398",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"1692"
],
"offsets": [
[
461,
465
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24399",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"refractory to or intolerant of their latest chemotherapy regimen"
],
"offsets": [
[
484,
548
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24400",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"1129"
],
"offsets": [
[
956,
960
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24401",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"563"
],
"offsets": [
[
998,
1001
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24402",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"812"
],
"offsets": [
[
1259,
1262
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
24403 | 16264956 | [
{
"id": "24404",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Chemotherapy for metastatic NSCLC : current status and future direction ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
73
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "24405",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
12
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24406",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Chemotherapy for metastatic NSCLC :"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
24407 | 16266472 | [
{
"id": "24408",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ The comparison of the effect of enalapril and indapamide on the peripheral blood pressure and central blood pressure through pulse wave analysis ] . OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitor enalapril and diuretic indapamide on the peripheral blood pressure and the central blood pressure in Chinese patients with essential hypertension . METHODS This study was a double blind , randomized study . Informed consent were given by all patients . After 2 weeks of placebo run-in period , 105 patients with mild or moderate essential hypertension were randomized to receive either enalapril ( 10 mg per day ) or indapamide ( 2.5 mg per day ) for 8 weeks . Radial pulse wave recordings were performed in all the patients before the active treatments were given and at the end of the study . Only those patients who have finished 8 weeks of active treatment in both groups were included into the final analysis . RESULTS One hundred one patients ( 51 in enalapril group and 50 in indapamide group ) completed the study . No significant difference ( all P values > 0.05 ) was found in baseline data between the two groups . After 8 weeks of treatment , all the parameters of pulse wave ( except heart rates in both groups and augmentation index in indapamide group ) decreased significantly . Comparison of the 2 groups showed that there were no significant differences ( all P values > 0.05 ) in all the parameters of pulse wave except that the central systolic blood pressure , augmentation and augmentation index were significantly lower in enalapril group than in indapamide group . In enalapril group , the reduced values of systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure in central aorta were significantly larger than those in brachial artery . However , the difference was not observed in indapamide group . CONCLUSIONS Enalapril and indapamide are both similarly effective in reducing peripheral arterial blood pressure . Moreover , enalapril is more effective in reducing central systolic pressure and augmentation index than indapamide . The difference is probably due to the reduction of wave reflection caused by enalapril ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2206
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "24409",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enalapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
34,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24410",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"indapamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24411",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitor enalapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
223,
280
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24412",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diuretic indapamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
285,
304
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24413",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
541,
548
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24414",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enalapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
34,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24415",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"indapamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24416",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enalapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
34,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24417",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"indapamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24418",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"indapamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24419",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enalapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
34,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24420",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"indapamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24421",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enalapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
34,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24422",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"indapamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24423",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Enalapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
1897,
1906
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24424",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"indapamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24425",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enalapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
34,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24426",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"indapamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24427",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enalapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
34,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24428",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"peripheral blood pressure and central blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
66,
118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24429",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
208,
215
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24430",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"peripheral blood pressure and the central blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
312,
368
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24431",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"parameters of pulse wave"
],
"offsets": [
[
1234,
1258
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24432",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"central systolic blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
1519,
1550
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24433",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"augmentation and augmentation index"
],
"offsets": [
[
1553,
1588
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24434",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure in central aorta"
],
"offsets": [
[
1703,
1762
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24435",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"difference"
],
"offsets": [
[
1110,
1120
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24436",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"central systolic pressure and augmentation index"
],
"offsets": [
[
2051,
2099
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24437",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"wave reflection"
],
"offsets": [
[
2169,
2184
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24438",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Chinese patients with essential hypertension ."
],
"offsets": [
[
372,
418
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24439",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"105 patients with mild or moderate essential hypertension"
],
"offsets": [
[
565,
622
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
24440 | 16275518 | [
{
"id": "24441",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The evaluation of pulmonary hypertension using right ventricular myocardial isovolumic relaxation time . Right ventricular ( RV ) blood pool-derived isovolumic relaxation time ( IVRT ) correlates well with systolic pulmonary arterial pressure ( PAP ) . However , because of complex parameter derivation , the method is rarely used . The aim of this study was to validate the measurement of myocardial velocity imaging-derived RV IVRT ( IVRT ' ) against invasively measured PAP . Transthoracic echocardiography with myocardial velocity imaging and right heart catheterization were performed in 33 patients with pulmonary hypertension . Blood pool IVRT and myocardial IVRTs for the tricuspid valve annulus ring , basal and apical RV free wall segments were measured and compared with data from 33 age- and sex-matched control subjects . Measured IVRTs were significantly longer in patients with pulmonary hypertension than in control subjects . The strongest correlation ( R = 0.74 , P < .0001 ) was found between systolic PAP and the heart rate-corrected IVRT ' derived from the basal RV free wall segment . The basal segment IVRT ' corrected for heart rate correlates well with the invasive PAP measurement and , therefore , can be used to predict systolic PAP . It can even be considered as an alternative to tricuspid regurgitation-derived PAP systolic when tricuspid regurgitation is nonrecordable . A proposed method to derive systolic PAP should be used while screening the patients at risk for pulmonary hypertension , monitoring the disease progression and the effect of treatment ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1589
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "24442",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"right ventricular myocardial isovolumic relaxation time"
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
102
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24443",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"RV IVRT ( IVRT ' )"
],
"offsets": [
[
426,
444
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24444",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"invasively measured PAP ."
],
"offsets": [
[
453,
478
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24445",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Transthoracic echocardiography with myocardial velocity imaging and"
],
"offsets": [
[
479,
546
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24446",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"right heart catheterization"
],
"offsets": [
[
547,
574
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24447",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Blood pool IVRT and myocardial IVRTs for the tricuspid valve annulus ring , basal and apical RV free wall segments"
],
"offsets": [
[
635,
749
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24448",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Measured IVRTs"
],
"offsets": [
[
835,
849
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24449",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"systolic PAP"
],
"offsets": [
[
1012,
1024
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24450",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"heart rate-corrected IVRT"
],
"offsets": [
[
1033,
1058
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24451",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"basal segment IVRT"
],
"offsets": [
[
1111,
1129
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24452",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"heart rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1033,
1043
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24453",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"systolic PAP"
],
"offsets": [
[
1012,
1024
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24454",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"33"
],
"offsets": [
[
593,
595
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24455",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"pulmonary hypertension"
],
"offsets": [
[
18,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24456",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"33"
],
"offsets": [
[
593,
595
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
24457 | 16275661 | [
{
"id": "24458",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Mending the rhythm does not improve prognosis in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation : a subanalysis of the RACE study . AIMS To compare outcome of AF patients with effective rhythm control with patients treated with rate control . METHODS AND RESULTS Out of the 266 AF patients randomized to rhythm control in the RACE study , 49 patients turned to long-term sinus rhythm and were continuously treated with oral anticoagulation . The incidence of the primary endpoint in these patients was compared to that in 178 patients out of the initial 256 rate-control patients of RACE who were in AF and using oral anticoagulation continuously . Baseline characteristics of both groups were not different . After a mean follow-up of 2.3+/-0.6 years , the primary endpoint ( a composite of cardiovascular mortality , heart failure , thrombo-embolic complications ( TECs ) , bleeding , serious adverse effects of antiarrhythmic drugs and pacemaker implants ) was 22.4 % in the rhythm-control group vs. 15.2 % in the rate-control group . Multivariable regression analysis indicated coronary artery disease , heart failure , and digitalis as independent risk indicators of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality . Chronic sinus rhythm did not matter . CONCLUSION Among patients who remained on warfarin , those who mostly were maintained in sinus rhythm under a rhythm-control strategy did not have a superior prognosis compared to those who remained in AF under a rate-control strategy ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1485
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "24459",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"rhythm control"
],
"offsets": [
[
184,
198
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24460",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"long-term sinus rhythm"
],
"offsets": [
[
359,
381
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24461",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oral anticoagulation"
],
"offsets": [
[
417,
437
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24462",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1291,
1299
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24463",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"composite of cardiovascular mortality"
],
"offsets": [
[
777,
814
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24464",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"heart failure"
],
"offsets": [
[
817,
830
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24465",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"thrombo-embolic complications ( TECs )"
],
"offsets": [
[
833,
871
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24466",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
874,
882
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24467",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"serious adverse effects of antiarrhythmic drugs"
],
"offsets": [
[
885,
932
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24468",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"pacemaker implants"
],
"offsets": [
[
937,
955
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24469",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"coronary artery disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
1080,
1103
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24470",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"digitalis"
],
"offsets": [
[
1126,
1135
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24471",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Chronic sinus rhythm"
],
"offsets": [
[
1211,
1231
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24472",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"persistent atrial fibrillation"
],
"offsets": [
[
63,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24473",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"AF"
],
"offsets": [
[
157,
159
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24474",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"266"
],
"offsets": [
[
272,
275
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24475",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"49"
],
"offsets": [
[
337,
339
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24476",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"256"
],
"offsets": [
[
552,
555
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
24477 | 16275814 | [
{
"id": "24478",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Randomized , controlled , crossover trial of methylphenidate in pervasive developmental disorders with hyperactivity . CONTEXT Hyperactivity and inattention are common symptoms in children with autistic disorder and related pervasive developmental disorders , but studies of stimulants in these conditions have been inconclusive . OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy and safety of methylphenidate hydrochloride in children with pervasive developmental disorders and hyperactivity . DESIGN Double-blind , placebo-controlled , crossover trial followed by open-label continuation . SETTING Five academic outpatient clinics . PARTICIPANTS Seventy-two drug-free children , aged 5 to 14 years , with pervasive developmental disorders accompanied by moderate to severe hyperactivity . INTERVENTIONS Prior to randomization , subjects entered a 1-week test-dose phase in which each subject received placebo for 1 day followed by increasing doses of methylphenidate ( low , medium , and high doses ) that were each given for 2 days . The low , medium , and high doses of methylphenidate hydrochloride were based on weight , and they ranged from 7.5 mg/d to 50.0 mg/d in divided doses . Subjects who tolerated the test dose ( n = 66 ) were assigned to receive placebo for 1 week and then 3 methylphenidate doses in random order during a double-blind , crossover phase . Children responding to methylphenidate then entered 8 weeks of open-label treatment at the individually determined best dose . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was the teacher-rated hyperactivity subscale of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist . Response was defined as \" much improved \" or \" very much improved \" on the Clinical Global Impressions Improvement item coupled with considerable reductions in the parent-rated and/or teacher-rated Aberrant Behavior Checklist hyperactivity subscale score . RESULTS Methylphenidate was superior to placebo on the primary outcome measure , with effect sizes ranging from 0.20 to 0.54 depending on dose and rater . Thirty-five ( 49 % ) of 72 enrolled subjects were classified as methylphenidate responders . Adverse effects led to the discontinuation of study medication in 13 ( 18 % ) of 72 subjects . CONCLUSIONS Methylphenidate was often efficacious in treating hyperactivity associated with pervasive developmental disorders , but the magnitude of response was less than that seen in typically developing children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder . Adverse effects were more frequent ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2518
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "24479",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"methylphenidate"
],
"offsets": [
[
45,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24480",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"methylphenidate hydrochloride"
],
"offsets": [
[
382,
411
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24481",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
505,
512
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24482",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"doses of methylphenidate"
],
"offsets": [
[
932,
956
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24483",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"methylphenidate hydrochloride"
],
"offsets": [
[
382,
411
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24484",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
505,
512
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24485",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"methylphenidate"
],
"offsets": [
[
45,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24486",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"methylphenidate"
],
"offsets": [
[
45,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24487",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Methylphenidate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1884,
1899
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24488",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
505,
512
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24489",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"methylphenidate"
],
"offsets": [
[
45,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24490",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Methylphenidate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1884,
1899
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24491",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"teacher-rated hyperactivity subscale of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist"
],
"offsets": [
[
1545,
1616
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24492",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"much improved"
],
"offsets": [
[
1645,
1658
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24493",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"very much improved"
],
"offsets": [
[
1666,
1684
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24494",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Clinical Global Impressions Improvement item"
],
"offsets": [
[
1694,
1738
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24495",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"parent-rated and/or teacher-rated Aberrant Behavior Checklist hyperactivity subscale score"
],
"offsets": [
[
1783,
1873
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24496",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effect sizes"
],
"offsets": [
[
1962,
1974
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24497",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"Adverse effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
2124,
2139
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24498",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hydrochloride in children"
],
"offsets": [
[
398,
423
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24499",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"13 ( 18 % ) of 72 subjects ."
],
"offsets": [
[
2190,
2218
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
24500 | 16281190 | [
{
"id": "24501",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Single-session behavioral treatment of earthquake-related posttraumatic stress disorder : a randomized waiting list controlled trial . In an attempt to develop a brief treatment for disaster survivors , the present study examined the effectiveness of a single session of modified behavioral treatment in earthquake-related posttraumatic stress disorder . Fifty-nine earthquake survivors in Turkey were randomized into either single-session modified behavioral treatment ( SSBT ) designed to enhance sense of control over earthquake-related fears or waiting list control condition ( WL ) . The WL group received SSBT after a second baseline assessment . Follow-ups were at weeks 6 , 12 , 24 , and at 1-2 years posttreatment . Significant treatment effects were found on all measures at posttreatment . The improvement rate was 49 % at week 6 ; it rose to 80 % by week 12 , 85 % by week 24 , and 83 % by the 1-2-year follow-up . Brief behavioral treatment has promise as a cost-effective intervention for disaster survivors ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1023
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "24502",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"behavioral treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24503",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"modified behavioral treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
271,
300
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24504",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"single-session modified behavioral treatment ( SSBT )"
],
"offsets": [
[
425,
478
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24505",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"waiting list control condition ( WL )"
],
"offsets": [
[
549,
586
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24506",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"behavioral treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24507",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"earthquake-related fears"
],
"offsets": [
[
521,
545
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24508",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Significant treatment effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
725,
754
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24509",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"improvement rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
805,
821
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24510",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"cost-effective"
],
"offsets": [
[
971,
985
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24511",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"earthquake-related posttraumatic stress disorder"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
87
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24512",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"disaster survivors"
],
"offsets": [
[
182,
200
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24513",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Fifty-nine"
],
"offsets": [
[
355,
365
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24514",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"earthquake survivors"
],
"offsets": [
[
366,
386
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24515",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"disaster survivors"
],
"offsets": [
[
182,
200
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
24516 | 16283087 | [
{
"id": "24517",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A training study of theory of mind and executive function in children with autistic spectrum disorders . This study investigated the relationship between theory of mind and executive functioning in children with autistic spectrum disorders through a training study . Ten children were trained on theory of mind , whilst ten were trained in executive function . Seven children were assigned to a control group , receiving no intervention . Training programmes were administered individually , lasting for 25 minutes per day for 5-10 days . Children were tested before training , after training and at a two-month follow-up . Significant improvements were seen in performance on theory of mind tasks in both trained groups , whilst the control group showed no improvement . No improvement on the executive function tasks was seen in any of the groups . The implications of these findings are discussed ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
901
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "24518",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"theory of mind"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
34
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24519",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"trained in executive function"
],
"offsets": [
[
329,
358
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24520",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"no intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
421,
436
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24521",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"performance on theory of mind tasks"
],
"offsets": [
[
662,
697
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24522",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"no improvement"
],
"offsets": [
[
755,
769
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24523",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"executive function tasks"
],
"offsets": [
[
794,
818
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24524",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24525",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autistic spectrum disorders"
],
"offsets": [
[
75,
102
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24526",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Ten"
],
"offsets": [
[
267,
270
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24527",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24528",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"ten"
],
"offsets": [
[
320,
323
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24529",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Seven"
],
"offsets": [
[
361,
366
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
24530 | 16293958 | [
{
"id": "24531",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Efficacy of nebulized flunisolide combined with salbutamol and ipratropium bromide in stable patients with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . BACKGROUND The efficacy of nebulized corticosteroids in the prevention of exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) has been poorly studied . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of nebulized flunisolide ( 1 mg ) + salbutamol/ipratropium bromide ( 1,875/375 microg ) b.i.d . in comparison with placebo + salbutamol/ipratropium bromide . METHODS This was a randomized , parallel-group , double-blind study on 114 patients with COPD of moderate-to-severe degree . The main outcome was the frequency of severe exacerbations over a 6-month period . Before and after treatment , respiratory symptoms , forced expiratory volume in 1 s ( FEV ( 1 ) ) , shuttle walking test distance and St. George 's Respiratory Questionnaire scores were evaluated . RESULTS The total number of exacerbations was slightly lower in the flunisolide group compared to the placebo group ( 19 vs. 34 , p = 0.054 ) ; the number of patients experiencing at least one exacerbation during the study was also decreased ( 16 vs. 26 , p = 0.059 ) . In particular , type 3 Anthonisens 's exacerbations were significantly reduced by flunisolide ( p = 0.044 ) . In the placebo group , scores were higher than in the flunisolide group but nonsignificant for dyspnea , cough , sputum amount and purulence . FEV ( 1 ) was significantly increased compared to baseline in both groups , and the area under the FEV ( 1 ) -time curve during the 6-month period was significantly greater in the flunisolide group ( 5.2 +/- 10.6 vs. 2.1 +/- 5.0 , flunisolide vs. placebo , respectively ; p = 0.047 ) . For shuttle walking test distance and scores of the St. George 's Respiratory Questionnaire , no significant difference between the baseline evaluation and the end of the study was observed in both groups . CONCLUSIONS Nebulized flunisolide is a good alternative to other inhaled corticosteroids when added to nebulized salbutamol/ipratropium bromide in the long-term treatment of moderate-to-severe COPD patients ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2169
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "24532",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nebulized flunisolide combined with salbutamol and ipratropium bromide"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24533",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"corticosteroids"
],
"offsets": [
[
203,
218
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24534",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nebulized flunisolide"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24535",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"+ salbutamol/ipratropium bromide"
],
"offsets": [
[
415,
447
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24536",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
496,
503
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24537",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"salbutamol/ipratropium bromide"
],
"offsets": [
[
417,
447
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24538",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"flunisolide"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24539",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
496,
503
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24540",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"flunisolide"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24541",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
496,
503
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24542",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"flunisolide"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24543",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"flunisolide"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24544",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"flunisolide"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24545",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
496,
503
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24546",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Nebulized flunisolide"
],
"offsets": [
[
1973,
1994
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24547",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nebulized salbutamol/ipratropium bromide"
],
"offsets": [
[
2064,
2104
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24548",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24549",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
181,
189
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24550",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
181,
189
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24551",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"tolerability"
],
"offsets": [
[
368,
380
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24552",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"frequency of severe exacerbations"
],
"offsets": [
[
689,
722
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24553",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"respiratory symptoms , forced expiratory volume in 1 s ( FEV ( 1 ) ) , shuttle walking test distance and St. George 's Respiratory Questionnaire scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
776,
927
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24554",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"total number of exacerbations"
],
"offsets": [
[
957,
986
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24555",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"number of patients experiencing at least one exacerbation during the study"
],
"offsets": [
[
1093,
1167
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24556",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"type 3 Anthonisens 's exacerbations"
],
"offsets": [
[
1231,
1266
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24557",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"dyspnea , cough , sputum amount and purulence"
],
"offsets": [
[
1420,
1465
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24558",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"FEV ( 1 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
833,
842
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24559",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"area under the FEV ( 1 ) -time curve during the 6-month period"
],
"offsets": [
[
1552,
1614
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24560",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"shuttle walking test distance and scores of the St. George 's Respiratory Questionnaire"
],
"offsets": [
[
1758,
1845
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24561",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
107,
163
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24562",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"COPD )"
],
"offsets": [
[
296,
302
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24563",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"114"
],
"offsets": [
[
610,
613
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24564",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"COPD of moderate-to-severe degree"
],
"offsets": [
[
628,
661
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24565",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"moderate-to-severe COPD"
],
"offsets": [
[
2135,
2158
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
24566 | 16296713 | [
{
"id": "24567",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"An open multicenter efficacy and safety evaluation of amlodipine in the treatment of symptomatic myocardial ischemia . The efficacy and safety of amlodipine ( 5-10 mg ) once daily were studied in an open study in patients with symptomatic myocardial ischemia . The study is ongoing and this report is based on an interim analysis of data from 78 patients . A 2-week baseline period in which patients maintained their current antianginal therapy was followed by a 10-week treatment period with 5-10 mg of amlodipine/day . Both the median number of angina attacks per week and the median number of nitroglycerin ( NTG ) tablets consumed/week were significantly reduced after amlodipine ( mean daily dose of 8.6 mg ) when compared with baseline ( p < 0.05 ) . A total of 98.4 % of patients ( 63/64 ) experienced a reduction in the frequency of angina attacks/week and 91 % of patients ( 58/64 ) had angina attacks reduced to < or = 2/week . In self-assessments , 95 % of patients ( 55/58 ) reported improved angina control and 91 % ( 53/58 ) felt their ability to perform usual activities had improved . Twenty-seven patients experienced adverse events reported as drug related . The most common adverse event noted was edema . Amlodipine once daily significantly reduced the incidence of angina attacks and the concomitant need of nitroglycerin for relief of symptoms and thus improved the patients ' ability to perform daily activities . Most adverse events reported were mild or moderate and the incidence is as would be expected in this patient population ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1558
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "24568",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"amlodipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
64
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24569",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"amlodipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
64
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24570",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"antianginal therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
425,
444
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24571",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"amlodipine/day"
],
"offsets": [
[
504,
518
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24572",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nitroglycerin"
],
"offsets": [
[
596,
609
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24573",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"amlodipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
64
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24574",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Amlodipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1225,
1235
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24575",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nitroglycerin"
],
"offsets": [
[
596,
609
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24576",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy and safety evaluation"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24577",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy and safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24578",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"median number of angina attacks per week and the median number of nitroglycerin ( NTG ) tablets consumed/week"
],
"offsets": [
[
530,
639
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24579",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"frequency of angina attacks/week"
],
"offsets": [
[
828,
860
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24580",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"angina attacks"
],
"offsets": [
[
547,
561
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24581",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"angina control"
],
"offsets": [
[
1005,
1019
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24582",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ability to perform usual activities"
],
"offsets": [
[
1050,
1085
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24583",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"adverse events"
],
"offsets": [
[
1135,
1149
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24584",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"adverse event"
],
"offsets": [
[
1135,
1148
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24585",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"edema"
],
"offsets": [
[
1217,
1222
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24586",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"incidence of angina attacks"
],
"offsets": [
[
1273,
1300
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
24587 | 16299669 | [
{
"id": "24588",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Comparative speed of kill of selamectin , imidacloprid , and fipronil- ( S ) -methoprene spot-on formulations against fleas on cats . The speed of kill of selamectin , imidacloprid , and fipronil- ( S ) -methoprene against Ctenocephalides felis infestations on cats for one month following a single treatment was evaluated . Eighty cats were randomly allocated so that there were 20 cats in four different treatment groups . On Days -2 , 7 , 14 , 21 , and 28 , each cat was infested with 100 adult C. felis from the Kansas 1 flea strain . Following initial application only imidacloprid had caused a significant reduction in adult fleas on treated cats within 6 hours , but by 24 hours all three formulations had killed 96.7 % of the fleas . At 7 days post treatment , all three formulations reduced flea populations within 6 and 24 hours by 68.4 % and 99.4 % , respectively . At 21 and 28 days after treatment , none of the formulations killed significant numbers of fleas as compared to controls within 6 hours of infestation . At 28 days after treatment , selamectin , fipronil- ( S ) -methoprene , and imidacloprid had killed 99.0 % , 86.4 % , and 72.6 % of the fleas within 48 hours of infestation , respectively . This study demonstrates that the speed of kill of residual flea products on cats decreases throughout the month following application . It also demonstrated that selamectin provided the highest level of residual activity on cats against the Kansas 1 flea strain ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1483
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "24589",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"selamectin"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24590",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"imidacloprid"
],
"offsets": [
[
42,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24591",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fipronil- ( S ) -methoprene"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
88
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24592",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"selamectin , imidacloprid , and fipronil- ( S ) -methoprene"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
88
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24593",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"imidacloprid"
],
"offsets": [
[
42,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24594",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"selamectin"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24595",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fipronil- ( S ) -methoprene"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
88
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24596",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"imidacloprid"
],
"offsets": [
[
42,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24597",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"fleas"
],
"offsets": [
[
118,
123
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24598",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"reduction in adult fleas"
],
"offsets": [
[
612,
636
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24599",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"flea populations"
],
"offsets": [
[
800,
816
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24600",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"numbers of fleas"
],
"offsets": [
[
957,
973
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24601",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"fleas"
],
"offsets": [
[
118,
123
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24602",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"flea products"
],
"offsets": [
[
1279,
1292
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24603",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"residual activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1423,
1440
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24604",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"fleas"
],
"offsets": [
[
118,
123
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24605",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cats"
],
"offsets": [
[
127,
131
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24606",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Eighty"
],
"offsets": [
[
325,
331
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24607",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Kansas 1 flea"
],
"offsets": [
[
516,
529
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
24608 | 16304214 | [
{
"id": "24609",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Comparison of antihypertensives after coronary artery surgery . Hypertension following coronary artery bypass grafting is a common problem that may result in postoperative myocardial infraction or bleeding , Hemodynamic effects were compared in 45 hypertensive coronary bypass patients randomized to receive either diltiazem , nitroglycerin , or sodium nitroprusside . Diltiazem was administered as an intravenous bolus of 0.3 mg.kg-1 within 5 min , followed by infusion of 0.1-0.8 mg.kg-1.h-1 in group 1 . Nitroglycerin was infused at a rate of 1-3 microg.kg.h-1 in group 2 , and sodium nitroprusside was given at a rate of 1-3 microg.kg-1.min-1 in group 3 . Hemodynamic measurements were carried out before infusion ( T1 ) and at 30 min ( T2 ) , 2 h ( T3 ) , and 12 h ( T4 ) after initiation of treatment in the intensive care unit . Mean arterial pressure decreased significantly in all groups . There were no differences among groups at T1 and T2 . At T3 , heart rate in group 2 was significantly higher than group 1 . At T3 and T4 , the double product was highest in group 3 ( group 1 vs. 3 , p < 0.001 ) . These results suggest that the hemodynamic effects of the 3 drugs are similar within the first 30 min . However , after 30 min , diltiazem affords better myocardial performance and more effective control of hypertension ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1333
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "24610",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"antihypertensives"
],
"offsets": [
[
14,
31
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24611",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diltiazem , nitroglycerin , or sodium nitroprusside"
],
"offsets": [
[
315,
366
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24612",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Diltiazem"
],
"offsets": [
[
369,
378
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24613",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Nitroglycerin"
],
"offsets": [
[
507,
520
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24614",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sodium nitroprusside"
],
"offsets": [
[
346,
366
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24615",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diltiazem"
],
"offsets": [
[
315,
324
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24616",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Hypertension"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
76
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24617",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"postoperative myocardial infraction"
],
"offsets": [
[
158,
193
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24618",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bleeding , Hemodynamic effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
197,
227
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24619",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Hemodynamic measurements"
],
"offsets": [
[
660,
684
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24620",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Mean arterial pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
836,
858
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24621",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"heart rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
961,
971
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24622",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hemodynamic effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
1143,
1162
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24623",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"myocardial performance"
],
"offsets": [
[
1266,
1288
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24624",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hypertension"
],
"offsets": [
[
1319,
1331
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24625",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"coronary artery surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
61
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24626",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"coronary artery bypass grafting"
],
"offsets": [
[
87,
118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24627",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"45"
],
"offsets": [
[
245,
247
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24628",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hypertensive coronary bypass"
],
"offsets": [
[
248,
276
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
24629 | 16311751 | [
{
"id": "24630",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Comparison of a biopsychosocial therapy ( BT ) with a conventional biomedical therapy ( MT ) of subacute low back pain in the first episode of sick leave : a randomized controlled trial . This randomized controlled clinical trial compares the effectiveness of a biopsychosocial treatment with a solely conventional biomedical therapy in patients with subacute low back pain using parameters for pain intensity , functional status , depressive dysfunction and work performance . Sixty-four patients with a first-time sick leave between 3 and 12 weeks due to low back pain were randomly assigned to either a conventional biomedical therapy ( MT ; n=33 ) group , or a biopsychosocial therapy ( BT ; n=31 ) group including a psychotherapeutic module ; both in accordance with a standardized 3 weeks inpatient treatment . Pain intensity , functional back capacity , clinical parameters and depressive dysfunction revealed significant improvement in both treatment groups at end of 3 weeks therapy ( T1 ) . However , at 6 months ( T2 ) , analysis revealed significant better results for nearly all parameters in the BT group that showed further improvement from T1 to T2 , whereas the values in the MT group deteriorated from T1 back to the baseline values . During the 2-year period after therapy , 10 % in MT and 59 % in BT required no further sick leave due to low back pain . The results of the study indicate that a psychotherapeutic element in the treatment of low back pain appears to positively influence pain , functional status and work performance when conducted at an early stage of chronification and helps in the achievement of a better outcome ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1654
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "24631",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"biopsychosocial therapy ( BT )"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24632",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"conventional biomedical therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
85
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24633",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"( MT )"
],
"offsets": [
[
86,
92
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24634",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"biopsychosocial treatment with a solely conventional biomedical therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
262,
333
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24635",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"conventional biomedical therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
85
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24636",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"biopsychosocial therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24637",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"subacute low back pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
96,
118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24638",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"subacute low back pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
96,
118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24639",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"Pain intensity"
],
"offsets": [
[
817,
831
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24640",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"functional back capacity"
],
"offsets": [
[
834,
858
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24641",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"clinical parameters"
],
"offsets": [
[
861,
880
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24642",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"depressive dysfunction"
],
"offsets": [
[
432,
454
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24643",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"T1 to T2"
],
"offsets": [
[
1156,
1164
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24644",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"sick leave"
],
"offsets": [
[
143,
153
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24645",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"low back pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
105,
118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24646",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"low back pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
105,
118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24647",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
114,
118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24648",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"functional status"
],
"offsets": [
[
412,
429
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24649",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"and work performance"
],
"offsets": [
[
455,
475
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24650",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Sixty-four"
],
"offsets": [
[
478,
488
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24651",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"low back pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
105,
118
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
24652 | 16313112 | [
{
"id": "24653",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ Clinical study of feiyanqing rectum condensed liquid in treating 36 cases of children syncytial viral pneumonia ] . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical efficacy and mechanism of Feiyangqin Rectum Condensed Liquid ( FRCL ) in treating children syncytial viral pneumonia . Methods Seventy-two patients were randomly divided into two groups , the 36 patients in the treated group were treated with FRCL , and the other 36 patients in the control group simply treated with Western medicine . Efficacy of treatment on clinical condition and some immune function ( IgA , IgG , CD3 , CD4 ) were observed . RESULTS In the treated group , 28 patients were cured ( 77.8 % ) , treatment was markedly effective in 4 patients ( 11.1 % ) , effective in 2 ( 5.5 % ) and ineffective in 2 ( 5.6 % ) , with the total effective rate of 94.4 % . The corresponding number in the control group was 20 ( 55.6 % ) , 7 ( 19.4 % ) , 6 ( 16.7 % ) , 3 ( 8.3 % ) and 91.7 % , respectively . The cure rate in the treated group was obviously superior to that in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) . FRCL could improve serum IgA , IgG , CD3 , CD4 , and CD4/CD8 , lower serum IgE , these indexes in the treated group were significantly different to those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION FRCL had the action in treating children syncytial viral pneumonia without any adverse reaction , one of its mechanisms might be related to its regulation on immune function ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1441
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "24654",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"feiyanqing rectum condensed liquid"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24655",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Feiyangqin Rectum Condensed Liquid ( FRCL )"
],
"offsets": [
[
179,
222
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24656",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"FRCL"
],
"offsets": [
[
216,
220
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24657",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"Western medicine ."
],
"offsets": [
[
470,
488
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24658",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"FRCL"
],
"offsets": [
[
216,
220
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24659",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"FRCL"
],
"offsets": [
[
216,
220
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24660",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
489,
497
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24661",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"immune function ( IgA , IgG , CD3 , CD4 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
542,
583
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24662",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"cured"
],
"offsets": [
[
648,
653
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24663",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"total effective rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
794,
814
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24664",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"cure rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
967,
976
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24665",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"serum IgA , IgG , CD3 , CD4 , and CD4/CD8 , lower serum IgE"
],
"offsets": [
[
1084,
1143
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24666",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
79,
87
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24667",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"syncytial viral pneumonia"
],
"offsets": [
[
88,
113
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24668",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Seventy-two"
],
"offsets": [
[
280,
291
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24669",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"36 patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
345,
356
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24670",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"36 patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
345,
356
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
24671 | 16316486 | [
{
"id": "24672",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Divalproex sodium vs. placebo in the treatment of repetitive behaviours in autism spectrum disorder . Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairment in three core symptom domains : socialization , communication , and repetitive/stereotyped behaviours . Other associated symptom domains are also affected including impulsivity/aggression , self-injury , anxiety , and mood lability . Divalproex has been shown to have efficacy in treating epilepsy , bipolar disorder , mood lability , and impulsive aggression . The present study evaluated the use of divalproex in the treatment of repetitive , compulsive-like symptoms of autism spectrum disorder ( ASD ) . Thirteen individuals with ASD participated in an 8-wk , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial of divalproex sodium vs. placebo . There was a significant group difference on improvement in repetitive behaviours as measured by the Children 's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale ( C-YBOCS ) ( p=0.037 ) and a large effect size ( d=1.616 ) . This study provides preliminary support for the use of divalproex in treating repetitive behaviours in ASD . Further research is needed to evaluate the specificity and mechanism of action of these findings ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1228
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "24673",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Divalproex sodium"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
17
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24674",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Divalproex"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24675",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"divalproex"
],
"offsets": [
[
571,
581
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24676",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
749,
767
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24677",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"divalproex sodium"
],
"offsets": [
[
777,
794
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24678",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
29
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24679",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"divalproex"
],
"offsets": [
[
571,
581
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24680",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"repetitive behaviours"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24681",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"repetitive , compulsive-like symptoms of autism spectrum disorder"
],
"offsets": [
[
602,
667
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24682",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"repetitive behaviours"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24683",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Children 's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale ( C-YBOCS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
909,
970
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24684",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"repetitive behaviours"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24685",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism spectrum disorder"
],
"offsets": [
[
75,
99
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24686",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"compulsive-like symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
615,
639
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24687",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism spectrum disorder ( ASD )"
],
"offsets": [
[
643,
675
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24688",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Thirteen"
],
"offsets": [
[
678,
686
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24689",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"ASD"
],
"offsets": [
[
670,
673
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24690",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"ASD"
],
"offsets": [
[
670,
673
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
24691 | 1631861 | [
{
"id": "24692",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Biochemical and functional effects of creatine phosphate in cardioplegic solution during aortic valve surgery -- a clinical study . During myocardial ischemia there is a drop in high-energy phosphates in the myocardium . Cold potassium cardioplegia decreases but does not altogether prevent this reduction . Supplementation of cardioplegic solutions with the high-energy compound creatine phosphate ( 10 mmol/L ) compared to plain cardioplegic solutions was investigated in this study . Thirty patients scheduled for aortic valve replacement were included . The patients were randomized to group I ( creatine phosphate ) or group II ( control ) . Postoperative hemodynamic evaluation revealed no significant differences between the groups . However , group I exhibited a tendency toward a better stroke-work index ( 135 +/- 18 % vs. 102 +/- 5 % recovery 15 minutes after bypass and 145 +/- 16 % vs. 119 +/- 11 % recovery 105 min after bypass ) . There were fewer patients in group I ( 5/15 ) needing inotropic support compared to group II ( 9/14 ) . The myocardial content of ATP and creatine phosphate showed no significant differences during ischemia and reperfusion . It is concluded that the myocardial protection during ischemia was sufficient to prevent significant reductions of myocardial ATP and creatine phosphate irrespective of supplementation with CP ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1365
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "24693",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"creatine phosphate"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
56
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24694",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"creatine phosphate"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
56
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24695",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"plain cardioplegic solutions"
],
"offsets": [
[
425,
453
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24696",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"creatine phosphate"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
56
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24697",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"control"
],
"offsets": [
[
635,
642
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24698",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"creatine phosphate"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
56
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24699",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"drop in high-energy phosphates"
],
"offsets": [
[
170,
200
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24700",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hemodynamic evaluation"
],
"offsets": [
[
661,
683
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24701",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"stroke-work index"
],
"offsets": [
[
796,
813
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24702",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"needing inotropic support"
],
"offsets": [
[
992,
1017
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24703",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"myocardial content of ATP and creatine phosphate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1054,
1102
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24704",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"myocardial ATP and creatine phosphate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1286,
1323
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24705",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"aortic valve surgery -- a"
],
"offsets": [
[
89,
114
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
24706 | 16326121 | [
{
"id": "24707",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Minimal tolerance to the bronchoprotective effect of inhaled salmeterol/fluticasone combination on allergene challenge . In order to assess whether the administration of salmeterol/fluticasone propionate combination ( 50/250 mcg by Diskus ) for 1 week induces tolerance to the bronchoprotective effect of salmeterol on allergen challenge , a single-blind , cross-over study was carried out . We studied nine subjects ( eight men and one woman ; mean age+/-SD : 31.3+/-11.0 yr ) with mild intermittent allergic asthma , never treated with regular beta2-agonists or inhaled corticosteroids . In a previous allergen challenge all subjects had shown a positive early airway response ( EAR ) to allergen . They underwent allergen challenge after 1-week treatment with placebo and a single dose of placebo immediately before allergen challenge ( T1 ) , or 1-week treatment with placebo and a single dose of salmeterol/fluticasone immediately before allergen challenge ( T2 ) , or 1-week treatment with salmeterol/fluticasone combination bid and a single dose of salmeterol/fluticasone immediately before allergen challenge ( T3 ) . EAR was evaluated both as maximum decrease in FEV1 ( MaxDeltaFEV1 % ) after allergen challenge and as area under FEV1 -time curve . MaxDeltaFEV1 % during allergen challenge protected by placebo ( T1 ) was significantly greater than MaxDeltaFEV1 % during allergen challenges protected by single dose of salmeterol/fluticasone ( T2 ) and by salmeterol/fluticasone 1-week treatment ( T3 ) . No difference was found in MaxDeltaFEV1 % between T2 and T3 . The same results were observed also after computing the area under the curve for each challenge . When individually considered , all subjects were protected against EAR ( protection index > or = 80 % ) at T2 , while at 3 seven out of nine subjects were still protected against EAR . In conclusion , the simultaneous administration of salmeterol and fluticasone in the same device prevents in almost 80 % of examined subjects the development of tolerance to the protective effect of salmeterol on allergen challenge . This observation may contribute to explain the positive interaction between inhaled beta2-agonists and corticosteroids in the long-term treatment of asthma ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2250
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "24708",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"salmeterol/fluticasone"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
83
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24709",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"salmeterol/fluticasone propionate"
],
"offsets": [
[
170,
203
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24710",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"salmeterol"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24711",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
763,
770
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24712",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
763,
770
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24713",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"allergen challenge ( T1 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
819,
844
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24714",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
763,
770
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24715",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"single dose of salmeterol/fluticasone"
],
"offsets": [
[
886,
923
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24716",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"allergen challenge ( T2 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
943,
968
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24717",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"salmeterol/fluticasone"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
83
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24718",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"allergen challenge ( T3 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1098,
1123
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24719",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bronchoprotective effect"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24720",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"tolerance"
],
"offsets": [
[
8,
17
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24721",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bronchoprotective"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
42
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24722",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"early airway response ( EAR )"
],
"offsets": [
[
657,
686
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24723",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"EAR"
],
"offsets": [
[
681,
684
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24724",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"FEV1"
],
"offsets": [
[
1172,
1176
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24725",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"area under FEV1 -time curve . MaxDeltaFEV1 % during allergen challenge"
],
"offsets": [
[
1228,
1298
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24726",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"significantly greater"
],
"offsets": [
[
1331,
1352
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24727",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"MaxDeltaFEV1 %"
],
"offsets": [
[
1179,
1193
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24728",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"No difference"
],
"offsets": [
[
1514,
1527
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24729",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"MaxDeltaFEV1 %"
],
"offsets": [
[
1179,
1193
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24730",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"area under the curve"
],
"offsets": [
[
1632,
1652
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24731",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"protected against EAR"
],
"offsets": [
[
1723,
1744
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24732",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"protected against EAR ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1835,
1858
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24733",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"tolerance to the protective effect"
],
"offsets": [
[
2020,
2054
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
24734 | 16329017 | [
{
"id": "24735",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Virtual reality colonoscopy simulation : a compulsory practice for the future colonoscopist ? BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM As for any manual procedure , the learning curves for medical interventions can have undesirable phases , occurring mostly in the early experience of applying a technique . There have been impressive advances in endoscopic procedures during recent years , and there is an emerging trend that the number of procedures is increasing in parallel with these . In addition , the introduction of screening programs for colorectal cancer will also increase the numbers of procedures needed . Recent developments in medical simulation seem promising with regard to the possibility of \" training out \" undesirable parts of the learning curve outside the operating room . The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of the AccuTouch flexible endoscopy simulator improves the early part of the learning curve in colonoscopy training . METHOD 12 endoscopy trainees , 10 surgeons and two medical gastroenterologists , all with experience in gastroscopy but with no specific colonoscopy experience , were randomly assigned to either simulator training or to a control group . They all received the same theoretical study package and the training group practiced with the AccuTouch colonoscopy simulator until a predefined expert level of performance was reached . All trainees performed their first ten individual colonoscopies described in detail in a separate protocol . RESULTS Trainees in the simulator-trained group performed significantly better ( P=0.0011 ) and managed to reach the cecum in 52 % of their cases ( vs. 19 % in the control group ) , and were 4.53 times more likely to succeed compared with the controls . Additionally , there was a significantly shorter procedure time and less patient discomfort in the hands of the simulator-trained group . CONCLUSION Skills acquired using the AccuTouch simulator transfer well into the clinical colonoscopy environment . The results of this trial clearly support the plan to integrate simulator training into endoscopic education curricula ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2118
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "24736",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"Virtual reality colonoscopy simulation"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24737",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"AccuTouch flexible endoscopy simulator"
],
"offsets": [
[
845,
883
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24738",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"simulator training"
],
"offsets": [
[
1151,
1169
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24739",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"control group"
],
"offsets": [
[
1178,
1191
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24740",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"AccuTouch colonoscopy simulator"
],
"offsets": [
[
1289,
1320
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24741",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"simulator training"
],
"offsets": [
[
1151,
1169
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24742",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"early part of the learning curve"
],
"offsets": [
[
897,
929
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24743",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"managed to reach the cecum"
],
"offsets": [
[
1587,
1613
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24744",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"shorter procedure time"
],
"offsets": [
[
1786,
1808
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24745",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"less patient discomfort"
],
"offsets": [
[
1813,
1836
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24746",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"12 endoscopy trainees , 10 surgeons and two medical gastroenterologists , all with experience in gastroscopy but with no specific colonoscopy experience"
],
"offsets": [
[
963,
1115
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
24747 | 16335132 | [
{
"id": "24748",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Phytase and 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol supplementation of broiler chickens during the starting and growing/finishing phases . Supplemental 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol ( 1alpha-OHD3 ) has been shown to have qualitatively similar and quantitatively additive effects to exogenous phytase . Two experiments were conducted from 0 to 35 d in floor pens to determine the additive effect of phytase and 1alpha-OHD3 when supplemented to Ca- and P-deficient diets . In both experiments , at least 4 replicates per treatment ( 50 chicks per replicate ) were used . Corn-soybean-meal-and soybean-oil-based diets were fed and birds were raised in a house impervious to ultraviolet light . During the starter phase ( ST ) , from 0 to 18 d , chicks were fed a 23 % CP diet containing 0.60 % Ca and 0.47 % total P ( tP ) . During the grower/finisher phase ( GF ) , from 19 to 35 d , birds were fed a 19 % CP diet containing 0.30 % Ca and 0.37 % tP . A combination of 1,000 phytase units/kg of Natuphos phytase and 5 microg/kg of 1alpha-OHD3 ( P+1A ) was supplemented to some of the feed during the ST and GF . Diets containing adequate Ca and P were also fed during the ST ( 0.90 % Ca , 0.68 % tP ) and GF ( 0.80 % Ca , 0.67 % tP ) . Performance characteristics and the incidence of rickets and tibial dyschondroplasia were measured at 18 and 35 d. In experiment 1 , unsupplemented chicks performed well but had considerable leg problems . Chicks fed P+1A during the ST or GF did not perform as well as birds fed P+1A throughout . Birds fed P+1A throughout performed as well birds fed the adequate diets without any indication of leg problems . In experiment 2 , unsupplemented birds performed similarly to unsupplemented birds in experiment 1 . However , chicks fed the supplements or the control diets did not perform as well or accumulate as much bone ash as birds in experiment 1 , although the diets were formulated identically in both experiments . Diets with as little as 0.30 % Ca and 0.37 % tP appear to be adequate for broilers older than 18 d if supplemented with the correct amounts of phytase and 1alpha-OHD3 . However , there are unknown variables that may limit the potential of broilers in terms of bone mineralization and bone pathology , even when adequate diets are fed ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2279
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "24749",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Phytase"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24750",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol supplementation"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
57
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24751",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"phytase"
],
"offsets": [
[
282,
289
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24752",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"1alpha-OHD3"
],
"offsets": [
[
174,
185
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24753",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Ca- and P-deficient diets"
],
"offsets": [
[
433,
458
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24754",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"a house impervious to ultraviolet light"
],
"offsets": [
[
639,
678
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24755",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Performance characteristics"
],
"offsets": [
[
1223,
1250
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24756",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"incidence of rickets and tibial dyschondroplasia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1259,
1307
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24757",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"leg problems"
],
"offsets": [
[
1414,
1426
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24758",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"accumulate as much bone ash"
],
"offsets": [
[
1820,
1847
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24759",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bone mineralization"
],
"offsets": [
[
2204,
2223
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24760",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bone pathology"
],
"offsets": [
[
2228,
2242
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24761",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"broiler chickens"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
77
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24762",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"at least"
],
"offsets": [
[
483,
491
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24763",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
") were used . Corn-soybean-meal-and soybean-oil-based diets"
],
"offsets": [
[
545,
604
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24764",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"house impervious to ultraviolet light"
],
"offsets": [
[
641,
678
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24765",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"birds"
],
"offsets": [
[
618,
623
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24766",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"birds"
],
"offsets": [
[
618,
623
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
24767 | 16337719 | [
{
"id": "24768",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Safety and immunogenicity of IMVAMUNE , a promising candidate as a third generation smallpox vaccine . A Phase I trial was performed to investigate the safety and immunogenicity of the third generation smallpox vaccine MVA-BN ( IMVAMUNE ) , a highly attenuated clone derived from the Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara strain 571 , in naive and pre-immunized subjects . A total of 86 healthy subjects received the vaccine in five groups using different doses and routes of administration . All 38 subjects seroconverted in the groups receiving the highest dose ( 10 ( 8 ) TCID50 ) . All vaccinations were well tolerated with mainly mild or moderate pain at the injection site being the most frequent symptom . The results indicate that MVA-BN has the potential to be developed as an efficient and safe alternative to the conventional smallpox vaccines such as Lister-Elstree or Dryvax . Unique attributes render it a promising candidate for prophylactic mass immunization , even in subjects for whom conventional smallpox vaccines are contraindicated ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1048
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "24769",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"IMVAMUNE"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24770",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"third generation smallpox vaccine MVA-BN ( IMVAMUNE )"
],
"offsets": [
[
185,
238
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24771",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"vaccine"
],
"offsets": [
[
93,
100
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24772",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Lister-Elstree or Dryvax ."
],
"offsets": [
[
856,
882
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24773",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24774",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"immunogenicity"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
25
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24775",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
152,
158
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24776",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"immunogenicity"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
25
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24777",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"well tolerated"
],
"offsets": [
[
601,
615
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24778",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"mild or"
],
"offsets": [
[
628,
635
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24779",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"moderate pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
636,
649
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24780",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"at the injection site"
],
"offsets": [
[
650,
671
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24781",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficient and safe"
],
"offsets": [
[
779,
797
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24782",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"naive and pre-immunized subjects"
],
"offsets": [
[
331,
363
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24783",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"86"
],
"offsets": [
[
377,
379
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24784",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"healthy"
],
"offsets": [
[
380,
387
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
24785 | 1634173 | [
{
"id": "24786",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ Local therapy of grade 1 and 2 hemorrhoids . Effectiveness of a combination preparation with standardized blood leech extract ] . AIMS Testing the effectiveness of a topical combination preparation containing standardized leech extract , polidocanol and allantoin . STUDY DESIGN Placebo-controlled , double-blind study in 80 patients with first and second degree hemorrhoids ; duration of treatment one week ; examinations performed on admission and on days 3 , 4 , 5 and 8 . RESULTS Both the subjective and objective symptoms and signs improved during the one week of treatment statistically significantly more rapidly under the test preparation as compared with placebo . Histologically demonstrable signs of inflammation were more clearly improved in the preparation group than in the placebo group . No side effects were observed . CONCLUSIONS The good efficacy and tolerability of a topical therapeutic preparation in first and second degree hemorrhoids have been convincingly demonstrated ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
998
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "24787",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"[ Local therapy of grade 1 and 2 hemorrhoids ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24788",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"combination preparation with standardized blood leech extract ]"
],
"offsets": [
[
66,
129
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24789",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"topical combination preparation containing standardized leech extract , polidocanol and allantoin ."
],
"offsets": [
[
168,
267
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24790",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"Placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
281,
299
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24791",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"test preparation"
],
"offsets": [
[
632,
648
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24792",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"topical therapeutic preparation"
],
"offsets": [
[
890,
921
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24793",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"subjective and objective symptoms and signs improved"
],
"offsets": [
[
495,
547
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24794",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Histologically demonstrable signs of inflammation"
],
"offsets": [
[
676,
725
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24795",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"No side effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
806,
821
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24796",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"grade 1"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24797",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"2 hemorrhoids"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
44
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24798",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"80"
],
"offsets": [
[
324,
326
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24799",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"first and second degree hemorrhoids"
],
"offsets": [
[
341,
376
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
24800 | 16343383 | [
{
"id": "24801",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Combined typhoid fever and hepatitis A vaccine : comparison of immunogenicity and safety to concomitant monovalent vaccine over 3 years . BACKGROUND The safety and immunogenicity of Viatim , a combined hepatitis A ( HA ) and typhoid fever ( Vi ) vaccine , were compared with the monovalent component vaccines up to and 1 month after a booster dose at 3 years . METHODS Healthy , adult volunteers were randomized to receive Viatim ( group A , n = 179 ) or separate HA and Vi vaccines ( group B , n = 181 ) ; subgroups were boosted after 3 years with Viatim ( groups C and D , n = 56 and 46 , respectively ) . Local and systemic reactions were recorded for 28 days postvaccination . Seroconversion and seroprotection rates and geometric mean antibody concentrations were measured at 14 and 28 days , 1 , 2 , and 3 years postvaccination , and 28 days after the booster dose . RESULTS Local and systemic safety profiles were equivalent between the two groups . Immediate local reactions were infrequent ( 1 in group A and 2 in group B ) . Local reactions , consisting mostly of mild or moderate pain , were least frequent with monovalent HA . Antibody concentrations to both antigens were similar in groups A and B , in which HA seroprotection rates ( > or = 20 mIU/mL ) were respectively , 98.7 % and 100 % at day 28 , and 99.1 % and 99.0 % after 3 years , achieving 100 % after the booster . Vi seroprotection rates ( > or = 1 microg/mL ) of 85.2 % and 84.9 % after 28 days fell to 32.1 % and 35.6 % after 3 years , increasing to 67.3 % and 69.8 % after the booster dose . CONCLUSIONS The combined HA/Vi vaccine , Viatim , had equivalent tolerability and safety and was as rapidly immunogenic as its component monovalent vaccines when given concurrently . A booster dose after 3 years significantly increased antibody levels with some evidence of relative hyporesponsiveness of the typhoid response ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1898
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "24802",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Combined typhoid fever and hepatitis A vaccine"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24803",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Viatim"
],
"offsets": [
[
182,
188
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24804",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"combined hepatitis A ( HA ) and typhoid fever ( Vi ) vaccine"
],
"offsets": [
[
193,
253
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24805",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"monovalent component vaccines"
],
"offsets": [
[
279,
308
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24806",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Viatim"
],
"offsets": [
[
182,
188
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24807",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"separate HA and Vi vaccines"
],
"offsets": [
[
455,
482
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24808",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Viatim"
],
"offsets": [
[
182,
188
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24809",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"combined HA/Vi vaccine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1587,
1609
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24810",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Viatim"
],
"offsets": [
[
182,
188
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24811",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
82,
88
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24812",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"immunogenicity"
],
"offsets": [
[
63,
77
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24813",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Seroconversion"
],
"offsets": [
[
681,
695
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24814",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"seroprotection rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
700,
720
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24815",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"geometric mean antibody concentrations"
],
"offsets": [
[
725,
763
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24816",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Local and systemic safety profiles"
],
"offsets": [
[
881,
915
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24817",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"Immediate local reactions"
],
"offsets": [
[
957,
982
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24818",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"Local reactions"
],
"offsets": [
[
1035,
1050
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24819",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"mild or moderate pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
1074,
1095
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24820",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Antibody concentrations"
],
"offsets": [
[
1139,
1162
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24821",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"HA seroprotection rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
1222,
1245
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24822",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"seroprotection rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
700,
720
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24823",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"tolerability and safety and was as rapidly immunogenic"
],
"offsets": [
[
1636,
1690
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24824",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"antibody levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1807,
1822
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24825",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hyporesponsiveness of the typhoid response"
],
"offsets": [
[
1854,
1896
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
24826 | 16354710 | [
{
"id": "24827",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Using dietetic assistants to improve the outcome of hip fracture : a randomised controlled trial of nutritional support in an acute trauma ward . OBJECTIVE To examine how improved attention to nutritional status and dietary intake , achieved through the employment of dietetic assistants ( DAs ) , will affect postoperative clinical outcome among elderly women with hip fracture . DESIGN Open prospective randomised controlled trial , comparing conventional nursing care with the additional nutritional support provided by DA . SETTING Thirty-eight bedded acute trauma ward in a teaching hospital . PARTICIPANTS All but 11 of 344 consecutive admissions with acute nonpathological hip fracture were approached . Three hundred and eighteen ( 93 % ) agreed to inclusion . Sixteen were ineligible as they were immediately transferred to another acute ward , were managed conservatively or died preoperatively . PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE Postoperative mortality in the acute trauma unit . SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Postoperative mortality at 4 months after fracture , length of stay , energy intake and nutritional status . RESULTS DA-supported participants were less likely to die in the acute ward ( 4.1 versus 10.1 % , P = 0.048 ) . This effect was still apparent at 4 month follow-up ( 13.1 versus 22.9 % , P = 0.036 ) . DA-supported subjects had significantly better mean daily energy intake ( 1,105 kcal versus 756 kcal/24 h , 95 % CI 259-440 kcal/24 h , P < 0.001 ) , significantly smaller reduction in mid-arm circumference during their inpatient stay ( 0.39 cm , P = 0.002 ) and nonsignificantly favourable results for other anthropometric and laboratory measurements . CONCLUSION Dietetic or nutrition assistants are being introduced in units across the UK . This , the largest ever study of nutritional support after hip fracture , shows that their employment significantly reduced patients ' risk of dying in the acute trauma unit ; an effect that persisted at 4 month follow-up ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1986
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "24828",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"dietetic assistants"
],
"offsets": [
[
6,
25
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24829",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"dietetic assistants ( DAs )"
],
"offsets": [
[
268,
295
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24830",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"conventional nursing care"
],
"offsets": [
[
445,
470
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24831",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"additional nutritional support provided by DA"
],
"offsets": [
[
480,
525
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24832",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"Dietetic or nutrition assistants"
],
"offsets": [
[
1684,
1716
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24833",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"nutritional status"
],
"offsets": [
[
193,
211
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24834",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"dietary intake"
],
"offsets": [
[
216,
230
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24835",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"postoperative clinical outcome"
],
"offsets": [
[
310,
340
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24836",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"Postoperative mortality"
],
"offsets": [
[
931,
954
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24837",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"Postoperative mortality at 4 months after fracture"
],
"offsets": [
[
1009,
1059
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24838",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"length of stay"
],
"offsets": [
[
1062,
1076
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24839",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"energy intake"
],
"offsets": [
[
1079,
1092
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24840",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"nutritional status"
],
"offsets": [
[
193,
211
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24841",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"likely to die"
],
"offsets": [
[
1162,
1175
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24842",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"mean daily energy intake"
],
"offsets": [
[
1366,
1390
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24843",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"anthropometric and laboratory measurements"
],
"offsets": [
[
1628,
1670
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24844",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"patients ' risk of dying"
],
"offsets": [
[
1887,
1911
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24845",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hip fracture"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
64
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24846",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acute trauma ward"
],
"offsets": [
[
126,
143
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24847",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"elderly"
],
"offsets": [
[
347,
354
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24848",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
355,
360
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24849",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hip fracture"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
64
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24850",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Thirty-eight"
],
"offsets": [
[
536,
548
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24851",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"11 of 344"
],
"offsets": [
[
620,
629
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24852",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Three hundred and eighteen ( 93 % )"
],
"offsets": [
[
711,
746
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24853",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Sixteen"
],
"offsets": [
[
769,
776
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24854",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"were ineligible"
],
"offsets": [
[
777,
792
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
24855 | 16360994 | [
{
"id": "24856",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Prehydration alone is sufficient to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy after day-only angiography procedures -- a randomised controlled trial . BACKGROUND Contrast agents used in angiography procedures for patients with cardiovascular disease are known to cause contrast-induced nephropathy ( CIN ) , which may be partially due to the production of nephrotoxic oxygen-free radicals . It is uncertain whether administration of intravenous ( IV ) anti-oxidant , N-acetylcysteine ( NAC ) , can prevent reduction in renal function and whether this is a cost-effective approach . METHODS Sixty-five day-only patients with renal impairment ( mean serum creatinine concentration 0.16+/-0.03 mmol/l ) due to undergo coronary or peripheral angiography and/or stenting were randomly assigned to IV NAC 300 or 600 mg immediately before and after the procedure or IV fluid alone . RESULTS Of the 60 patients with complete data , none had acute CIN ( increase in serum creatinine concentration > or = 0.044 mmol/l , 48 h after administration of contrast agent ) . Eight patients ( 13 % ) have demonstrated an increase in their serum creatinine concentration > or = 0.044 mmol/l 30 days after administration of contrast agent : 2/19 ( 11 % ) in the control group , 2/21 ( 10 % ) in the 600 mg NAC group and 4/20 ( 20 % ) the 300 mg NAC group ( p = 0.66 ) . The mean volumes of contrast agent used and prehydration given for each of the three groups did not differ significantly ( p > 0.83 ) . There was significant improvement in creatinine clearance within each group from baseline to 30 days ( p < or = 0.03 ) , but no significant difference between the groups at 48 h and 30 days ( p > or = 0.43 ) . Considering the cost of NAC and its administration , we estimate that this would translate to a saving of dollar 26,637 per annum . CONCLUSION For day-stay patients with mild-to-moderate chronic renal impairment undergoing angiography and/or intervention , prehydration alone is less complicated and more cost-effective than a combination of IV NAC ( at doses used ) and hydration ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2073
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "24857",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"intravenous ( IV ) anti-oxidant"
],
"offsets": [
[
428,
459
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24858",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"N-acetylcysteine ( NAC )"
],
"offsets": [
[
462,
486
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24859",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"IV NAC 300 or 600"
],
"offsets": [
[
787,
804
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24860",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"NAC"
],
"offsets": [
[
481,
484
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24861",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"serum creatinine concentration"
],
"offsets": [
[
643,
673
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24862",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"mean volumes of contrast agent"
],
"offsets": [
[
1349,
1379
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24863",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"creatinine clearance"
],
"offsets": [
[
1518,
1538
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24864",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"saving"
],
"offsets": [
[
1787,
1793
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24865",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"angiography procedures"
],
"offsets": [
[
88,
110
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24866",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cardiovascular disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
222,
244
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24867",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Sixty-five"
],
"offsets": [
[
585,
595
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24868",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"renal impairment ( mean serum creatinine concentration 0.16+/-0.03 mmol/l )"
],
"offsets": [
[
619,
694
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24869",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"undergo coronary or peripheral angiography and/or stenting"
],
"offsets": [
[
702,
760
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24870",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"60"
],
"offsets": [
[
801,
803
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24871",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"mild-to-moderate chronic renal impairment undergoing angiography and/or intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
1861,
1945
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
24872 | 16377918 | [
{
"id": "24873",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Cross-over trial of intensive monotherapy with atorvastatin and combined therapy with atorvastatin and colestimide for Japanese familial hypercholesterolemia . BACKGROUND In familial hypercholesterolemia ( FH ) , low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( LDL-C ) -lowering therapy is important to avoid predisposition to coronary artery disease . This study investigated the advantages of combined therapy with atorvastatin and colestimide vs intensive monotherapy with atorvastatin . METHODS AND RESULTS The trial used a randomized cross-over design consisting of 2 16-week periods of open-label drug therapy . Among the 24 initial patients , 17 heterozygous FH patients ( age : 54.1 years ; 5 males ) were enrolled after 20 mg/day atorvastatin failed to achieve their target level . The patients received 20 mg/day atorvastatin and 3 g/day colestimide or 40 mg/day atorvastatin . Fifteen patients completed the trial and their LDL-C reduced from 5.07 +/- 1.10 mmol/L to 3.76 +/- 0.90 mmol/L with the combined therapy and to 3.81 +/- 0.50 mmol/L with the intensive monotherapy . Although the 2 therapies showed comparable mean effects for decreasing LDL-C , similar adverse reaction and cost , each therapy was predominantly more effective in some patients than in others . The triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were similar in both therapies . CONCLUSIONS To achieve the therapeutic target of LDL-C level for refractory FH , the LDL-C-lowering therapy selected can be either intensive monotherapy or combined therapy as the next to standard statin therapy ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1582
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "24874",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"atorvastatin"
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24875",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"atorvastatin"
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24876",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"colestimide"
],
"offsets": [
[
103,
114
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24877",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"atorvastatin"
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24878",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"20 mg/day"
],
"offsets": [
[
719,
728
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24879",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"atorvastatin"
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24880",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"atorvastatin"
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24881",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"colestimide"
],
"offsets": [
[
103,
114
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24882",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"atorvastatin"
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24883",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( LDL-C ) -lowering"
],
"offsets": [
[
213,
268
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24884",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"LDL-C"
],
"offsets": [
[
251,
256
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24885",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"LDL-C"
],
"offsets": [
[
251,
256
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24886",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"triglyceride"
],
"offsets": [
[
1275,
1287
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24887",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"and"
],
"offsets": [
[
60,
63
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24888",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1292,
1335
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24889",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"LDL-C"
],
"offsets": [
[
251,
256
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24890",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"familial hypercholesterolemia"
],
"offsets": [
[
128,
157
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24891",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"familial hypercholesterolemia ( FH )"
],
"offsets": [
[
174,
210
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24892",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"24"
],
"offsets": [
[
618,
620
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24893",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"17"
],
"offsets": [
[
640,
642
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24894",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"heterozygous FH"
],
"offsets": [
[
643,
658
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24895",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"54.1"
],
"offsets": [
[
676,
680
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24896",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"5"
],
"offsets": [
[
676,
677
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24897",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"males"
],
"offsets": [
[
691,
696
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24898",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Fifteen"
],
"offsets": [
[
878,
885
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
24899 | 16378639 | [
{
"id": "24900",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Wavefront-guided versus standard LASIK enhancement for residual refractive errors . OBJECTIVE To assess efficacy , safety , predictability , stability , and changes in higher-order aberrations ( HOAs ) and contrast sensitivity ( CS ) after wavefront-guided and standard LASIK enhancement for the correction of residual refractive errors . DESIGN Prospective , randomized , comparative clinical study . PARTICIPANTS Twenty eyes of 20 consecutive patients ( spherical equivalent [ SE ] , -2.01+/-1.36 diopters [ D ] ) treated with wavefront-guided Zyoptix Ablation Refinement software ( ZAR ) LASIK and 20 eyes of 20 consecutive patients ( SE , -1.81+/-1.21 D ) treated with standard Planoscan LASIK , both for residual refractive error enhancement . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Efficacy , safety , predictability , stability , HOAs , and CS were evaluated before and after enhancement at 6 months ' follow-up . METHODS Uncorrected visual acuity ( UCVA ) , best-corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) , manifest refraction , CS by means of the Functional Acuity Contrast Test , and HOAs by means of Zywave aberrometry were evaluated preoperatively and 6 months after retreatment . RESULTS At 6 months postoperatively , UCVA was 20/25 or better in 100 % of the eyes . Efficacy indexes were 1.09 for ZAR patients and 0.95 for Planoscan patients . No eyes lost > or =1 line of BCVA ; in the ZAR group , 2 eyes gained 1 line and 6 eyes gained > or =2 lines ; in the Planoscan group , 3 eyes gained 1 line . The ZAR group showed a percentage of eyes ( 94.4 % ) within the 0.5-D range in SE higher than that shown by the Planoscan group ( 88.8 % ) . After 6 months , the HOA root mean square ( RMS ) increased on average by a factor of 1.44 for the Planoscan group ( P = 0.003 ) . No change or reduction in HOA RMS was found in the ZAR group ( factor of 0.96 ; P > 0.01 ) . Contrast sensitivity was reduced in the Planoscan group only at the highest spatial frequency ( 18 cycles per degree ; P < 0.01 ) . There was a significant reduction of CS as a function of HOA increase for the Planoscan group ( P < 0.0001 ) . No changes were observed for the ZAR group at any spatial frequency ( 1.5-18 cycles per degree ; P > 0.01 ) . CONCLUSIONS Wavefront-guided LASIK using the ZAR algorithm is an effective and safe procedure for treatment of residual refractive errors . Wavefront-guided LASIK does not increase HOAs and does not modify CS compared with preoperative values . Wavefront-guided LASIK seems to be better than standard LASIK for retreatments ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2532
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "24901",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"Wavefront-guided"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
16
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24902",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"wavefront-guided Zyoptix Ablation Refinement software ( ZAR ) LASIK"
],
"offsets": [
[
529,
596
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24903",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ZAR"
],
"offsets": [
[
585,
588
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24904",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Planoscan"
],
"offsets": [
[
682,
691
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24905",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ZAR"
],
"offsets": [
[
585,
588
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24906",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ZAR"
],
"offsets": [
[
585,
588
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24907",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ZAR"
],
"offsets": [
[
585,
588
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24908",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ZAR"
],
"offsets": [
[
585,
588
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24909",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Wavefront-guided LASIK"
],
"offsets": [
[
2219,
2241
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24910",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Wavefront-guided LASIK"
],
"offsets": [
[
2219,
2241
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24911",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Wavefront-guided LASIK"
],
"offsets": [
[
2219,
2241
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24912",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy , safety , predictability , stability"
],
"offsets": [
[
104,
150
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24913",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"changes in higher-order aberrations ( HOAs )"
],
"offsets": [
[
157,
201
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24914",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"contrast sensitivity ( CS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
206,
233
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24915",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Efficacy , safety , predictability , stability"
],
"offsets": [
[
771,
817
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24916",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"HOAs , and CS"
],
"offsets": [
[
820,
833
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24917",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Uncorrected visual acuity ( UCVA ) , best-corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) , manifest refraction , CS by means of the Functional Acuity Contrast Test , and HOAs by means of Zywave aberrometry"
],
"offsets": [
[
912,
1103
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24918",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"UCVA"
],
"offsets": [
[
940,
944
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24919",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Efficacy indexes"
],
"offsets": [
[
1253,
1269
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24920",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"No eyes lost"
],
"offsets": [
[
1331,
1343
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24921",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"BCVA"
],
"offsets": [
[
980,
984
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24922",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"HOA root mean square ( RMS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1651,
1679
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24923",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reduction in HOA RMS"
],
"offsets": [
[
1774,
1794
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24924",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Contrast sensitivity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1854,
1874
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24925",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reduction of CS as a function of HOA increase"
],
"offsets": [
[
2010,
2055
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24926",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"spatial frequency"
],
"offsets": [
[
1930,
1947
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24927",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Twenty eyes of 20 consecutive patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
415,
453
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24928",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"20 eyes"
],
"offsets": [
[
601,
608
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24929",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"20 consecutive patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
430,
453
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24930",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"residual refractive error enhancement"
],
"offsets": [
[
709,
746
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
24931 | 16379507 | [
{
"id": "24932",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Acute and long-term safety and tolerability of risperidone in children with autism . Treatment-emergent adverse events ( AEs ) were monitored during an 8-week , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial of risperidone ( 0.5-3.5 mg/day ) in 101 children and adolescents with a lifetime diagnosis of autistic disorder . In addition , 37 placebo nonresponders received open-label risperidone for another 8 weeks . Of all the risperidone responders ( n=65 ) , 63 entered an open extension of another 16 weeks ( 6 months total risperidone exposure ) , and 32 of them were rerandomized to either continued risperidone therapy ( n=16 ) or gradual replacement with placebo ( n=16 ) over 8 weeks . We collected the following measures of safety and tolerability : ( 1 ) laboratory blood assessments ( CBC with differential , electrolytes , and liver function tests ) and urinalyses , ( 2 ) vital signs , ( 3 ) Side Effects Review of AEs thought to be associated with risperidone , ( 4 ) sleep records , ( 5 ) Simpson Angus Neurological Rating Scale ( SARS ) , ( 6 ) Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale ( AIMS ) , and ( 7 ) height and weight . No clinically significant changes were found on the lab tests . During the 8-week acute trial , the most common AEs on the Side Effects Review , scored as moderate or higher , were as follows ( placebo and risperidone , respectively ) : Somnolence ( 12 % and 37 % ) , enuresis ( 29 % and 33 % ) , excessive appetite ( 10 % and 33 % ) , rhinitis ( 8 % and 16 % ) , difficulty waking ( 8 % and 12 % ) , and constipation ( 12 % and 10 % ) . \" Difficulty falling asleep \" and anxiety actually favored the risperidone condition at statistically significant levels . The same AEs tended to recur through 6 months of treatment , although often at reduced levels . Using Centers for Disease Control ( CDC ) standardized scores , both weight and body mass index ( BMI ) increased with risperidone during the acute trial ( 0.5 and 0.6 SDs , respectively , for risperidone ; 0.0 and 0.1 SDs , respectively , for placebo ) and into open-label extension ( 0.19 and 0.16 SDs , respectively ) , although the amount of gain decelerated with time . Extrapyramidal symptoms , as assessed by the SARS , were no more common for drug than placebo , although drooling was reported more often in the risperidone group . There were no differences between groups on the AIMS . Two subjects had seizures ( one taking placebo ) , but these were considered unrelated to active drug . Most AEs were mild to moderate and failed to interfere with therapeutic changes ; there were no unanticipated AEs . The side effects of most concern were somnolence and weight gain ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2669
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "24933",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24934",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
176,
194
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24935",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24936",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24937",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24938",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24939",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24940",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24941",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone ;"
],
"offsets": [
[
1981,
1994
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24942",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24943",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Acute and long-term safety and tolerability"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24944",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"adverse events"
],
"offsets": [
[
104,
118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24945",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safety and tolerability"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24946",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"laboratory"
],
"offsets": [
[
758,
768
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24947",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood assessments"
],
"offsets": [
[
769,
786
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24948",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"( CBC with differential , electrolytes , and liver function tests ) and urinalyses"
],
"offsets": [
[
787,
869
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24949",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"vital signs"
],
"offsets": [
[
878,
889
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24950",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"Side Effects Review of AEs"
],
"offsets": [
[
898,
924
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24951",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"sleep records"
],
"offsets": [
[
975,
988
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24952",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Simpson Angus Neurological Rating Scale ( SARS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
997,
1045
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24953",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale ( AIMS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1054,
1098
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24954",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"height and weight"
],
"offsets": [
[
1111,
1128
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24955",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"Somnolence"
],
"offsets": [
[
1368,
1378
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24956",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"enuresis"
],
"offsets": [
[
1399,
1407
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24957",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"excessive appetite"
],
"offsets": [
[
1428,
1446
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24958",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"rhinitis"
],
"offsets": [
[
1467,
1475
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24959",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"difficulty waking"
],
"offsets": [
[
1495,
1512
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24960",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"constipation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1536,
1548
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24961",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Difficulty falling asleep \" and anxiety"
],
"offsets": [
[
1571,
1610
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24962",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"AEs"
],
"offsets": [
[
121,
124
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24963",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"weight and body mass index ( BMI )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1857,
1891
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24964",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Extrapyramidal symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
2163,
2186
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24965",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"seizures"
],
"offsets": [
[
2400,
2408
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24966",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"somnolence"
],
"offsets": [
[
2641,
2651
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24967",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"weight gain"
],
"offsets": [
[
2656,
2667
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24968",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
70
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24969",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24970",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"101 children"
],
"offsets": [
[
238,
250
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24971",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"adolescents"
],
"offsets": [
[
255,
266
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24972",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autistic disorder"
],
"offsets": [
[
296,
313
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
24973 | 16379508 | [
{
"id": "24974",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Risperidone-induced prolactin elevation in a prospective study of children , adolescents , and adults with mental retardation and pervasive developmental disorders . OBJECTIVE Risperidone is widely prescribed for aggression and self-injury in children , adolescents , and adults with mental retardation ( MR ) and pervasive developmental disorders ( PDD ) . Risperidone elevates prolactin more than other atypical antipsychotic medications . Females may show greater prolactin elevation than males . METHOD In this relatively long-term study of risperidone efficacy and safety for aggression and self-injury in children , adolescents , and adults with MR and PDDs , serum prolactin was measured in a 21-subject subset during the course of a double-blind , placebo-controlled trial . Prolactin was measured in ng/mL at baseline , once during acute treatment , and once during maintenance . RESULTS In children and adolescents ( n=10 ) , mean age of 12.5 years , prolactin increased from mean 13.2+/-8.6 at baseline to 31.0+/-11.6 acutely and remained elevated at 37.9+/-10.4 in maintenance . In adults , mean age of 35.3 years , prolactin increased more markedly from 11.6+/-7.4 baseline ( n=11 ) to 93.3+/-54.2 acutely but decreased to 67.8+/-62.9 in maintenance ( n=7 ) . Prolactin remained significantly elevated above normal in all subjects for at least 26 weeks . Mean prolactin of adult females , while similar to that of adult males at baseline , was 2.2 times male levels acutely and 3.7 times greater in maintenance . CONCLUSION In this small subset , mean prolactin elevation persisted for at least 26 weeks . In adults , females showed significantly greater elevations than males ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1691
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "24975",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
545,
556
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24976",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
756,
774
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24977",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Prolactin"
],
"offsets": [
[
783,
792
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24978",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"prolactin elevation"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24979",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"prolactin"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
29
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24980",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"prolactin elevation"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24981",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy and safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
557,
576
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24982",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"serum prolactin"
],
"offsets": [
[
666,
681
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24983",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Prolactin"
],
"offsets": [
[
783,
792
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24984",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"prolactin"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
29
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24985",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"prolactin"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
29
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24986",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Prolactin"
],
"offsets": [
[
783,
792
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24987",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Mean prolactin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1368,
1382
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24988",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean prolactin elevation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1560,
1584
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24989",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"children , adolescents , and adults with mental retardation and pervasive developmental disorders ."
],
"offsets": [
[
66,
165
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24990",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children , adolescents , and adults with mental retardation ( MR ) and pervasive developmental disorders ( PDD ) ."
],
"offsets": [
[
243,
357
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24991",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"children , adolescents , and adults with MR and PDDs"
],
"offsets": [
[
611,
663
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24992",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"21-subject subset during the course of a double-blind , placebo-controlled trial ."
],
"offsets": [
[
700,
782
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
24993 | 16381993 | [
{
"id": "24994",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"GH effect on enzyme activity of 11betaHSD in abdominal obesity is dependent on treatment duration . OBJECTIVE In the past years the interaction of GH and 11beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ( 11betaHSD ) in the pathogenesis of central obesity has been suggested . DESIGN We studied the effects of 9 months of GH treatment on 11betaHSD activity and its relationship with body composition and insulin sensitivity in 30 men with abdominal obesity , aged 48-66 years , in a randomised , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial . METHODS Urinary steroid profile was used to estimate 11betaHSD type 1 and 2 ( 11betaHSD1 and 11betaHSD2 ) activities . Abdominal s.c. and visceral adipose tissues were measured using computed tomography . Glucose disposal rate ( GDR ) obtained during a euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic glucose clamp was used to assess insulin sensitivity . RESULTS In the GH-treated group the 11betaHSD1 activity decreased transiently after 6 weeks ( P < 0.01 ) whereas 11betaHSD2 increased after 9 months of treatment ( P < 0.05 ) . Between 6 weeks and 9 months , GDR increased and visceral fat mass decreased . Changes in 11betaHSD1 correlated with changes in visceral fat mass between baseline and 6 weeks . There were no significant correlations between 11betaHSD1 and 11betaHSD 2 and changes in GDR . DISCUSSION The study demonstrates that short- and long-term GH treatment has different effects on 11betaHSD1 and 11betaHSD2 activity . Moreover , the data do not support that long-term metabolic effects of GH are mediated through its action on 11betaHSD ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1567
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "24995",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"GH"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24996",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"GH treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
309,
321
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24997",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
498,
516
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24998",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Abdominal s.c."
],
"offsets": [
[
644,
658
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24999",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"visceral adipose tissues"
],
"offsets": [
[
663,
687
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25000",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"computed tomography"
],
"offsets": [
[
708,
727
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25001",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"enzyme activity of 11betaHSD"
],
"offsets": [
[
13,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25002",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"body composition and insulin sensitivity"
],
"offsets": [
[
370,
410
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25003",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"11betaHSD type 1 and 2 ( 11betaHSD1 and 11betaHSD2 ) activities"
],
"offsets": [
[
578,
641
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25004",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Abdominal s.c."
],
"offsets": [
[
644,
658
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25005",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"visceral adipose tissues"
],
"offsets": [
[
663,
687
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25006",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Glucose disposal rate ( GDR )"
],
"offsets": [
[
730,
759
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25007",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"insulin sensitivity"
],
"offsets": [
[
391,
410
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25008",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"11betaHSD1 activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
899,
918
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25009",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"GDR"
],
"offsets": [
[
754,
757
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25010",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"visceral fat mass"
],
"offsets": [
[
1089,
1106
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25011",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"11betaHSD1"
],
"offsets": [
[
603,
613
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25012",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"visceral fat mass"
],
"offsets": [
[
1089,
1106
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25013",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"11betaHSD1"
],
"offsets": [
[
603,
613
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25014",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"11betaHSD 2"
],
"offsets": [
[
1279,
1290
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25015",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"11betaHSD1"
],
"offsets": [
[
603,
613
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25016",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"11betaHSD2 activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1425,
1444
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25017",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"30"
],
"offsets": [
[
414,
416
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25018",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"men"
],
"offsets": [
[
84,
87
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25019",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"abdominal obesity"
],
"offsets": [
[
45,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25020",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"aged 48-66 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
446,
462
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25021 | 16382035 | [
{
"id": "25022",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Albendazole trial at 15 or 30 mg/kg/day for subarachnoid and intraventricular cysticercosis . Thirty-six patients with subarachnoid and intraventricular cysticercosis were randomly assigned to receive albendazole at 15 or 30 mg/kg/day plus dexamethasone for 8 days . Results favored a higher dose , with larger cyst reduction on MRI at 90 and 180 days and higher albendazole sulfoxide levels in plasma . An albendazole course at 30 mg/kg/day combined with corticosteroids is safe and more effective than the usual dose . A single treatment was insufficient in intraventricular and giant cysts ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
594
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25023",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Albendazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25024",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"albendazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
201,
212
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25025",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dexamethasone"
],
"offsets": [
[
240,
253
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25026",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"albendazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
201,
212
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25027",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"corticosteroids"
],
"offsets": [
[
456,
471
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25028",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"larger cyst reduction"
],
"offsets": [
[
304,
325
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25029",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"albendazole sulfoxide levels in plasma"
],
"offsets": [
[
363,
401
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25030",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safe and more effective"
],
"offsets": [
[
475,
498
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25031",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"insufficient"
],
"offsets": [
[
544,
556
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25032",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"subarachnoid and intraventricular cysticercosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
91
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25033",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Thirty-six"
],
"offsets": [
[
94,
104
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25034",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"subarachnoid and intraventricular cysticercosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
91
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25035 | 16386890 | [
{
"id": "25036",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Pre-treatment proliferation and the outcome of conventional and accelerated radiotherapy . This study investigated the influence of pre-treatment proliferation characteristics , assessed by Ki-67 staining , in patients treated in the CHART trial of accelerated radiotherapy in head and neck cancer . Histological material from 402 patients was collected and stained for the presence and pattern of Ki-67 staining . Locoregional control and overall survival were the main clinical endpoints . Increasing Ki-67 positivity was associated with decreasing differentiation ( P < 0.001 ) and increasing N-stage ( P < 0.004 ) . Increasing N-stage was also associated with the progression of proliferation pattern from marginal to random ( P < 0.001 ) . Using a multivariate model , a trend was seen towards a greater benefit from CHART in the lower Ki-67 tumours ( P = 0.08 ) ; this became significant by pooling the low and intermediate Ki-67 groups in comparison with the high Ki-67 group ( P = 0.032 ) . Tumours with marginal proliferation pattern showed a lower hazard ratio with CHART versus conventional for locoregional control ( P = 0.005 ) . The data presented in this study do not support that a high pre-treatment Ki-67 is associated with a therapeutic benefit from accelerated radiotherapy ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1295
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25037",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"conventional and accelerated radiotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
88
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25038",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"assessed by Ki-67 staining"
],
"offsets": [
[
178,
204
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25039",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"accelerated radiotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
88
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25040",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"accelerated radiotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
88
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25041",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Locoregional control"
],
"offsets": [
[
415,
435
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25042",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"therapeutic benefit"
],
"offsets": [
[
1244,
1263
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25043 | 16393600 | [
{
"id": "25044",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Pilot study of imiquimod 5 % cream as adjunctive therapy to curettage and electrodesiccation for nodular basal cell carcinoma . BACKGROUND Curettage and electrodesiccation ( C & D ) is a widely used method to treat nodular basal cell carcinoma ( BCC ) . However , residual tumor is present immediately after the procedure in approximately 20 to 40 % of cases . Imiquimod , a topical immune response modifier that targets Toll-like receptor 7 , is currently approved for superficial BCC . OBJECTIVE In a double-blind , vehicle-controlled study , the administration of imiquimod after C & D was investigated to determine if the combination regimen would reduce the frequency of residual tumor compared with C & D alone in patients with nodular BCC . METHODS Twenty patients received three cycles of C & D followed by imiquimod 5 % or vehicle cream once daily for 1 month as adjunctive therapy . The primary end point was the frequency of residual tumor . The secondary end points included the time to heal and cosmetic appearance . RESULTS Twenty patients were randomized to the imiquimod ( n = 10 ) or vehicle ( n = 10 ) treatment group . At 8 weeks , the proportion of patients with residual tumor was substantially decreased with imiquimod therapy ( 10 % ) compared with vehicle ( 40 % ) . Wounds in the vehicle group healed more quickly than those in the imiquimod group , although by 8 weeks , all excision sites were healed . The majority of scars in the control group were atrophic and hypopigmented , whereas most scars in the imiquimod group were flat and slightly pink . CONCLUSION Imiquimod 5 % cream once daily for 1 month as adjunctive therapy after C & D substantially reduced the frequency of residual tumor and improved the cosmetic appearance compared with C & D alone . These preliminary results suggest that further studies to investigate imiquimod adjunctive therapy are warranted ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1900
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25045",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"imiquimod 5 % cream"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
34
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25046",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"adjunctive therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
56
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25047",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"curettage"
],
"offsets": [
[
60,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25048",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"electrodesiccation"
],
"offsets": [
[
74,
92
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25049",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"Curettage"
],
"offsets": [
[
139,
148
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25050",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"electrodesiccation"
],
"offsets": [
[
74,
92
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25051",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"C & D"
],
"offsets": [
[
174,
179
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25052",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"imiquimod"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25053",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"C & D"
],
"offsets": [
[
174,
179
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25054",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"C & D"
],
"offsets": [
[
174,
179
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25055",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"imiquimod"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25056",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"vehicle cream"
],
"offsets": [
[
832,
845
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25057",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"adjunctive therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
56
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25058",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"imiquimod"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25059",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"vehicle"
],
"offsets": [
[
518,
525
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25060",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"imiquimod"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25061",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"vehicle"
],
"offsets": [
[
518,
525
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25062",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"imiquimod"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25063",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Imiquimod"
],
"offsets": [
[
361,
370
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25064",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"C & D"
],
"offsets": [
[
174,
179
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25065",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"C & D"
],
"offsets": [
[
174,
179
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25066",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"imiquimod adjunctive therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1856,
1884
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25067",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"proportion of patients with residual tumor"
],
"offsets": [
[
1155,
1197
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25068",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"nodular basal cell carcinoma"
],
"offsets": [
[
97,
125
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25069",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"nodular basal cell carcinoma"
],
"offsets": [
[
97,
125
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25070",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"BCC"
],
"offsets": [
[
246,
249
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25071",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"nodular BCC"
],
"offsets": [
[
734,
745
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25072",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Twenty"
],
"offsets": [
[
756,
762
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25073 | 16393740 | [
{
"id": "25074",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The impact of emotional distress on HIV risk reduction among women . This study evaluated whether 333 seronegative African American female drug users ( aged 18-59 years ) participating in an HIV intervention and with higher levels of emotional distress , specifically symptoms of depression and anxiety , reduced HIV risk behaviors to a lesser extent than those with lower levels of emotional distress . Participants were recruited between June 1998 and January 2001 from inner-city Atlanta ( Georgia , U.S. ) neighborhoods and were randomly assigned to one of two enhanced gender-specific and culturally specific HIV intervention conditions or to the NIDA standard condition . Participants were interviewed at baseline , post-intervention and at 6-month follow-up with a structured questionnaire including information on sociodemographics , sexual and drug-using behavior , and psychosocial characteristics . Despite a significant decline in symptoms of emotional distress during the study period , the women in this sample reported high levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms at baseline and 6-month follow-up . Higher levels of emotional distress were positively associated with post-intervention sexual and drug-taking risk . Women in both enhanced intervention conditions reduced their sexual and drug-taking risks more than women in the standard intervention . Those in the motivation intervention arm experienced a greater reduction in depressive symptoms , accompanied by a greater reduction in sexual risk behavior . Findings suggest the need for effective interventions and mental health resources among subgroups of high-risk women who may be most resistant to behavioral change ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1694
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25075",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"emotional distress"
],
"offsets": [
[
14,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25076",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"HIV intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
191,
207
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25077",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"enhanced gender-specific and culturally specific HIV intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
565,
630
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25078",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"structured questionnaire"
],
"offsets": [
[
772,
796
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25079",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"enhanced intervention conditions"
],
"offsets": [
[
1247,
1279
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25080",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"standard intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
1346,
1367
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25081",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"motivation intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
1383,
1406
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25082",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"HIV risk reduction"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25083",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"depressive and anxiety symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
1049,
1080
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25084",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Higher levels of emotional distress"
],
"offsets": [
[
1117,
1152
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25085",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"post-intervention sexual and drug-taking risk"
],
"offsets": [
[
1185,
1230
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25086",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"sexual and drug-taking risks"
],
"offsets": [
[
1294,
1322
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25087",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"depressive symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
1446,
1465
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25088",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"sexual risk behavior"
],
"offsets": [
[
1506,
1526
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25089 | 16394797 | [
{
"id": "25090",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Similar compliance and effect of treatment in chronic hepatitis C resulting from intravenous drug use in comparison with other infection causes . OBJECTIVES There is some reluctance to treat intravenous drug users ( IVDUs ) with chronic hepatitis C ( CHC ) because of presumed lower compliance and response to antiviral therapy . We intended to evaluate the compliance and response to antiviral treatment for CHC in IVDUs compared with non-IVDUs . METHODS A retrospective cohort study -- secondary analysis of the results of a treatment trial -- was performed in Belgium and The Netherlands . A total of 406 previously untreated CHC patients , including 98 ( 24 % ) IVDUs , were studied for compliance ( presentation at the end of treatment ) , complete response ( alanine aminotransferase within normal limits and serum hepatitis C virus polymerase chain reaction negative ) at the end of therapy and sustained virological response ( SVR ) . RESULTS Non-compliance ( 8.2 % ) in IVDUs was not different from non-IVDUs ( 6.8 % ) ( relative risk=1.20 ; 95 % confidence interval=0.55-2.62 ) . Complete response after controlling for hepatitis C virus was similar ( relative risk=1.19 ; 95 % confidence interval=0.89-1.60 ) . Controlling for treatment arm , age , sex , presence of cirrhosis or hepatitis C virus viral load before treatment did not change these results . There was a marginally significant difference in the sustained virological response between IVDUs ( 46.6 % ) and non-IVDUs ( 34.6 % ) ( relative risk=1.35 ; 95 % confidence interval=1.00-1.81 ) , also disappearing after adjusting for genotype . No difference in compliance or sustained virological response was found between active and non-active IVDUs or between IVDU patients in or without a methadone maintenance program . CONCLUSIONS In this group of Benelux patients , IVDUs showed similar compliance and response to treatment with interferon and ribavirin compared with other patients with CHC infection . Therefore , it is no longer justifiable to withhold treatment to chronic hepatitis C patients who use intravenous drugs ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2101
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25091",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"intravenous drug use"
],
"offsets": [
[
81,
101
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25092",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"antiviral therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
310,
327
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25093",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"antiviral treatment for CHC"
],
"offsets": [
[
385,
412
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25094",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Non-compliance"
],
"offsets": [
[
951,
965
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25095",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Complete response"
],
"offsets": [
[
1090,
1107
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25096",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"sustained virological response"
],
"offsets": [
[
902,
932
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25097",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"compliance or sustained virological response"
],
"offsets": [
[
1630,
1674
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25098",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"similar compliance"
],
"offsets": [
[
1855,
1873
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25099",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"response"
],
"offsets": [
[
298,
306
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25100",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"chronic hepatitis C"
],
"offsets": [
[
46,
65
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25101 | 16399263 | [
{
"id": "25102",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Playing on the typewriter , typing on the piano : manipulation knowledge of objects . Two experiments investigated sensory/motor-based functional knowledge of man-made objects : manipulation features associated with the actual usage of objects . In Experiment 1 , a series of prime-target pairs was presented auditorily , and participants were asked to make a lexical decision on the target word . Participants made a significantly faster decision about the target word ( e.g . 'typewriter ' ) following a related prime that shared manipulation features with the target ( e.g . 'piano ' ) than an unrelated prime ( e.g . 'blanket ' ) . In Experiment 2 , participants ' eye movements were monitored when they viewed a visual display on a computer screen while listening to a concurrent auditory input . Participants were instructed to simply identify the auditory input and touch the corresponding object on the computer display . Participants fixated an object picture ( e.g . \" typewriter \" ) related to a target word ( e.g . 'piano ' ) significantly more often than an unrelated object picture ( e.g . \" bucket \" ) as well as a visually matched control ( e.g . \" couch \" ) . Results of the two experiments suggest that manipulation knowledge of words is retrieved without conscious effort and that manipulation knowledge constitutes a part of the lexical-semantic representation of objects ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1393
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25103",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"lexical decision"
],
"offsets": [
[
360,
376
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25104",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"target word"
],
"offsets": [
[
384,
395
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25105",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"visual display on a computer screen while listening to a concurrent auditory input"
],
"offsets": [
[
717,
799
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25106",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"sensory/motor-based functional knowledge"
],
"offsets": [
[
115,
155
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25107",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"decision"
],
"offsets": [
[
368,
376
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25108",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"fixated"
],
"offsets": [
[
943,
950
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25109",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"manipulation knowledge of words"
],
"offsets": [
[
1221,
1252
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25110",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"manipulation knowledge"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25111",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Participants"
],
"offsets": [
[
398,
410
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25112 | 1640362 | [
{
"id": "25113",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Performance of a modified starch hydrophilic matrix for the sustained release of theophylline in healthy volunteers . Two experimental formulations of theophylline with a hydrophilic starch matrix were evaluated for their sustained-release characteristics after single administration in healthy human volunteers . Theo-dur was chosen as a reference sustained-release formulation . In a first study , the extent of absorption was similar for a syrup , for Theo-dur , and for the experimental formulation of theophylline with 70 % drum-dried corn starch as the sustained-release agent ( DDCS-70 ) . The maximal plasma concentration ( Cmax ) was significantly lower , and the time to reach Cmax as well as the time span during which the plasma concentration was at least 75 % of the Cmax were significantly higher for Theo-dur than for the DDCS-70 formulation . A sustained-release profile , as for Theo-dur , was not reached for DDCS-70 . In a second study the influence of the starch : drug ratio on the bioavailability was investigated . The decrease in starch content from 70 to 50 % of the formulation did not improve the plasma concentration-time profile towards a sustained-release profile ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1195
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25114",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"theophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
81,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25115",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"theophylline with a hydrophilic starch matrix"
],
"offsets": [
[
151,
196
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25116",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Theo-dur"
],
"offsets": [
[
314,
322
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25117",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Theo-dur"
],
"offsets": [
[
314,
322
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25118",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"theophylline with 70 % drum-dried corn starch as the sustained-release agent ( DDCS-70 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
506,
594
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25119",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Theo-dur"
],
"offsets": [
[
314,
322
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25120",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"maximal plasma concentration ( Cmax )"
],
"offsets": [
[
601,
638
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25121",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"time to reach Cmax"
],
"offsets": [
[
673,
691
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25122",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"plasma concentration"
],
"offsets": [
[
609,
629
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25123",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"plasma concentration-time"
],
"offsets": [
[
1124,
1149
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25124",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"healthy volunteers ."
],
"offsets": [
[
97,
117
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25125 | 16411994 | [
{
"id": "25126",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Does a first trimester dating scan using crown rump length measurement reduce the rate of induction of labour for prolonged pregnancy ? An uncompleted randomised controlled trial of 463 women . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of a first trimester ultrasound dating scan on the rate of induction of labour for prolonged pregnancy . DESIGN Randomised controlled trial to include 400 women in each arm of the trial . SETTING Participating general practices and a district general teaching hospital . POPULATION Women attending their general practitioner in the first trimester to confirm pregnancy , in whom a first trimester ultrasound scan was not indicated . METHODS Women randomised to the study group ( scan group ) underwent an ultrasound dating scan between 8 and 12 weeks , measuring crown-rump length . The estimated date of delivery ( EDD ) was changed if there was a discrepancy of more than 5 days from the gestation , calculated from the last menstrual period ( LMP ) . For the remaining women ( no-scan group ) , gestation was determined using the LMP . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The rate of induction of labour for prolonged pregnancy . RESULTS Due to circumstances beyond the researchers ' control , recruitment was abandoned when 463 women had been enrolled . The EDD was adjusted in 13 ( 5.7 % ) women in the scan group and in 2 ( 0.9 % ) in the no-scan group . There was no difference in the rate of induction for prolonged pregnancy between the scan ( 19 [ 8.2 % ] ) and the no-scan ( 17 [ 7.4 % ] ) groups ( relative risk 1.10 ; 95 % CI 0.59-2.07 ) . CONCLUSIONS Acknowledging the reduced numbers recruited for study , it is concluded that there is no evidence that a first trimester ultrasound dating scan reduces the rate of induction of labour for prolonged pregnancy and may result in a more expensive healthcare strategy ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1842
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25127",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ultrasound dating scan"
],
"offsets": [
[
248,
270
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25128",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ultrasound scan"
],
"offsets": [
[
624,
639
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25129",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ultrasound dating scan"
],
"offsets": [
[
248,
270
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25130",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ultrasound dating scan"
],
"offsets": [
[
248,
270
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25131",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"rate of induction of labour"
],
"offsets": [
[
82,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25132",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"prolonged pregnancy"
],
"offsets": [
[
114,
133
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25133",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"rate of induction of labour"
],
"offsets": [
[
82,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25134",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"prolonged pregnancy"
],
"offsets": [
[
114,
133
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25135",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"The rate of induction of labour for prolonged pregnancy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1088,
1143
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25136",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"rate of induction"
],
"offsets": [
[
82,
99
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25137",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"prolonged pregnancy"
],
"offsets": [
[
114,
133
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25138",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"rate of induction of labour"
],
"offsets": [
[
82,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25139",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"prolonged pregnancy"
],
"offsets": [
[
114,
133
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25140",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"463"
],
"offsets": [
[
182,
185
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25141",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
186,
191
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25142",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"400"
],
"offsets": [
[
378,
381
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25143",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
186,
191
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25144",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"Women"
],
"offsets": [
[
509,
514
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25145",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"first trimester"
],
"offsets": [
[
7,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25146",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"pregnancy"
],
"offsets": [
[
124,
133
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25147",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"463"
],
"offsets": [
[
182,
185
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25148",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
186,
191
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25149 | 16413605 | [
{
"id": "25150",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Project Towards No Drug Abuse : long-term substance use outcomes evaluation . OBJECTIVES This paper presents up to 5 years post-program outcomes of Project Towards No Drug Abuse ( Project TND ) , a drug abuse prevention program conducted in South California alternative high school system during years 1994-1999 . METHODS The effects of a 9-session health motivation -- social skills -- decision-making curriculum were evaluated . Twenty-one schools recruited were randomly assigned to standard care ( control ) , classroom only , or a classroom plus semester-long school-as-community component . Last 30-day use of cigarettes , alcohol , marijuana , and hard drugs were assessed at three time intervals : short-term ( year 1 ) , middle-term ( years 2 or 3 ) , and long-term ( years 4 or 5 ) . Multilevel random coefficients modeling were employed to estimate the adjusted levels of substance use . RESULTS Among 1578 baseline subjects , follow-up data were available for 68 % ( year 1 ) , 66 % ( years 2 or 3 ) , and 46 % ( years 4 or 5 ) of subjects , respectively . Results revealed significant positive long-term program effects for hard drug use at year 4 or 5 for the two program interventions ( P = 0.02 ) . CONCLUSIONS Project TND reduced hard drug use in the 46 % who were successfully followed . It is the first program to demonstrate long-term self-reported behavioral effects on hard drug use among high-risk youth by using a school-based , limited-session model ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1476
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25151",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"health motivation -- social skills -- decision-making"
],
"offsets": [
[
349,
402
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25152",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"standard care ( control ) , classroom only"
],
"offsets": [
[
486,
528
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25153",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"classroom plus semester-long school-as-community component"
],
"offsets": [
[
536,
594
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25154",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"No Drug Abuse"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
29
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25155",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"No Drug Abuse"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
29
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25156",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Twenty-one"
],
"offsets": [
[
431,
441
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25157",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"1578"
],
"offsets": [
[
913,
917
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25158",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"youth"
],
"offsets": [
[
1421,
1426
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25159 | 16413892 | [
{
"id": "25160",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Comparison of remifentanil with fentanyl for deep sedation in oral surgery . PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare recovery for oral surgery patients given a deep sedation regimen of midazolam , propofol , and remifentanil with a standard control of fentanyl in place of remifentanil . MATERIALS AND METHODS This investigation was designed as a randomized , prospective , single-blinded controlled study . Group 1 , the control , received midazolam 0.03 mg/kg , fentanyl 1 microg/kg , and propofol initially at 140 microg/kg/min . Group 2 received midazolam 0.03 mg/kg , remifentanil : propofol ( 1:500 ) given at an initial propofol infusion rate of 40 microg/kg/min . Outcome measures included time to response to verbal command , Aldrete score = 9 , Postanesthesia Discharge Scoring System = 7 , and assessment by the Digit Symbol Substitution Test . RESULTS Forty-seven subjects were entered in the study . Baseline findings were homogenous between the 2 groups . Subjects in group 2 recovered earlier ( P < .005 ) and required less propofol for both the induction ( 0.8 +/- 0.4 versus 1.2 +/- 0.6 mg/kg ; mean +/- SD , P < .01 ) and maintenance of deep sedation ( 46 +/- 9 versus 131 +/- 17 microg/kg/min ; P < .005 ) . There were minor differences in vital signs . CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that this remifentanil regimen provided significantly more rapid recovery and used significantly less propofol compared with the fentanyl regimen ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1461
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25161",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"remifentanil"
],
"offsets": [
[
14,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25162",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fentanyl"
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25163",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"midazolam , propofol"
],
"offsets": [
[
190,
210
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25164",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"remifentanil"
],
"offsets": [
[
14,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25165",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"midazolam 0.03 mg/kg"
],
"offsets": [
[
446,
466
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25166",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fentanyl 1 microg/kg"
],
"offsets": [
[
469,
489
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25167",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"propofol initially at 140 microg/kg/min ."
],
"offsets": [
[
496,
537
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25168",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"midazolam 0.03 mg/kg , remifentanil : propofol ( 1:500 ) given at an initial propofol infusion rate of 40 microg/kg/min ."
],
"offsets": [
[
555,
676
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25169",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"propofol"
],
"offsets": [
[
202,
210
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25170",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"propofol"
],
"offsets": [
[
202,
210
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25171",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fentanyl"
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25172",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"deep sedation"
],
"offsets": [
[
45,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25173",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"time to response to verbal command"
],
"offsets": [
[
703,
737
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25174",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Aldrete score"
],
"offsets": [
[
740,
753
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25175",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"= 9"
],
"offsets": [
[
754,
757
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25176",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Postanesthesia Discharge Scoring System = 7"
],
"offsets": [
[
760,
803
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25177",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"assessment by the Digit Symbol Substitution Test"
],
"offsets": [
[
810,
858
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25178",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"induction"
],
"offsets": [
[
1066,
1075
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25179",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"maintenance of deep sedation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1145,
1173
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25180",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"rapid recovery"
],
"offsets": [
[
1373,
1387
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25181",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"oral surgery patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
135,
156
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25182",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Forty-seven subjects were entered in the study ."
],
"offsets": [
[
869,
917
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25183 | 16418843 | [
{
"id": "25184",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The influence of rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on Stroop task performance . Several studies have demonstrated that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ( rTMS ) can improve cognitive processing . Neuroimaging studies have shown the engagement of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ( DLPFC ) in executive functioning , and more specifically during selective attention . In the present study , the influence of high-frequency rTMS over the left DLPFC on Stroop task performance in healthy female volunteers was investigated . As expected , reaction time on both the incongruent and congruent trials decreased significantly after stimulation , and there was no difference with regard to the Stroop interference effect . Mood remained unchanged after rTMS . Such a pattern is consistent with the role of the left DLPFC in implementing top-down attentional control ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
894
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25185",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"rTMS"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
21
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25186",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Stroop task performance ."
],
"offsets": [
[
70,
95
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25187",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ( rTMS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
135,
188
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25188",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"high-frequency rTMS"
],
"offsets": [
[
442,
461
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25189",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"rTMS ."
],
"offsets": [
[
780,
786
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25190",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reaction time"
],
"offsets": [
[
571,
584
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25191",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Stroop interference effect"
],
"offsets": [
[
721,
747
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25192",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Mood"
],
"offsets": [
[
750,
754
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25193",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"healthy"
],
"offsets": [
[
512,
519
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25194",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"female"
],
"offsets": [
[
520,
526
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25195 | 1642441 | [
{
"id": "25196",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ Comparison of the efficacy/tolerability ratio of cibenzoline and propafenone in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmia ] . Cibenzoline ( C ) was compared with propafenone ( P ) in 18 adult patients ( 7 women and 11 men ) aged 50 +/- 7 in double-blind , placebo-controlled crossover trial . After a therapeutic wash-out period corresponding to 5 times the half-life of previous anti-arrhythmic drugs , patients with more than 100 premature ventricular contractions ( PVC ) per hour in two 24 hour Holter records obtained at an interval of 7 days were treated in succession and after randomised by C ( 390 mg/day in 3 divided doses ) and P ( 900 mg/day in 3 divided doses ) for a period of two weeks , each active sequence being followed by a two week wash-out period . Efficacy ( based upon the decrease in PVC/hour in a 24 hour Holter ) and tolerability were evaluated at the end of each sequence , with samples drawn at the same times for assay of the study drugs . Three patients dropped out of the trial , 1 with each active drug ( for epigastric pain ) and 1 with dummy . No significant difference was seen between the two drugs regarding the decrease in the total number of PVC/hour in the 15 patients completing the cross-over protocol . A reduction in PVC/hour of more than 70 per cent was seen in 7 patients with C and in 9 patients with P. C was better tolerated than P on the basis of both clinical and electrocardiographic parameters . One patient developed troublesome adverse reactions with C as compared with 4 patients in the case of P. A more than 20 per cent increase in QRS was seen in 7 patients with C and in 10 patients with P , the figures for PR being 2 and 6 patients respectively . One patient showed a proarrhythmic effect with P. Plasma levels of C were significantly higher in responders ( 328 +/- 149 ng/ml ) than in non-responders ( 137 +/- 41 ng/ml , p less than 0.05 ) . No significant difference was found concerning plasma levels of P ( 578 +/- 477 ng/ml compared with 646 +/- 457 ng/ml , p greater than 0.05 ) . In conclusion , the efficacy/tolerability ratio in this population with a low risk of serious rhythm events appeared to be better with C than with P ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2200
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25197",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cibenzoline"
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25198",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"propafenone"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
78
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25199",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Cibenzoline ( C )"
],
"offsets": [
[
126,
143
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25200",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"propafenone ( P )"
],
"offsets": [
[
162,
179
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25201",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
256,
274
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25202",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"anti-arrhythmic drugs"
],
"offsets": [
[
380,
401
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25203",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"C"
],
"offsets": [
[
2,
3
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25204",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"P"
],
"offsets": [
[
176,
177
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25205",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"C"
],
"offsets": [
[
2,
3
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25206",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"C"
],
"offsets": [
[
2,
3
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25207",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"C"
],
"offsets": [
[
2,
3
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25208",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"P"
],
"offsets": [
[
176,
177
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25209",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"C"
],
"offsets": [
[
2,
3
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25210",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"P ."
],
"offsets": [
[
2197,
2200
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25211",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"epigastric pain )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1042,
1059
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25212",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"total number of PVC/hour"
],
"offsets": [
[
1166,
1190
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25213",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"reduction in PVC/hour"
],
"offsets": [
[
1249,
1270
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25214",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"C was better tolerated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1352,
1374
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25215",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"than P on the basis of both clinical and electrocardiographic parameters ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1375,
1449
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25216",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"adverse reactions"
],
"offsets": [
[
1484,
1501
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25217",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"20 per cent increase in QRS"
],
"offsets": [
[
1567,
1594
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25218",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"proarrhythmic effect with P. Plasma levels of C were significantly higher in responders ( 328 +/- 149 ng/ml ) than in non-responders ( 137 +/- 41 ng/ml , p less than 0.05 ) ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1731,
1905
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25219",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"concerning plasma levels of P ( 578 +/- 477 ng/ml"
],
"offsets": [
[
1942,
1991
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25220",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy/tolerability ratio"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
47
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25221 | 16426958 | [
{
"id": "25222",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effect of micronutrient supplement on health and nutritional status of schoolchildren : study design . OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that supplementation with a micronutrient-fortified beverage improves micronutrient status and physical and mental development in apparently healthy schoolchildren . METHODS The study was carried out in middle-income students in two residential schools that catered to children from a semi-urban population near Hyderabad , India . Included were 869 children who were 6 to 16 y of age in grades 1 to 10 . Because children at each grade were distributed across two classrooms ( clusters ) and were homogeneous , each grade was considered to consist of a matched pair . There were thus 10 pairs available for the study . Classes in each grade were randomized to receive a micronutrient-enriched beverage or a placebo without added micronutrients . The study was double blinded and the duration was 14 mo , with supervised feeding of the micronutrient-enriched beverage . The effect of the micronutrients on the outcome variables growth , biochemical status , mental function , and bone health were assessed . RESULTS The number of matched pairs varied between seven and eight , and the required number of children per treatment group ranged from 32 in the case of bone heath to 177 for body weight . The power of the outcome variables ranged from 74 % to 100 % and was adequate for successful pairing . The effect assessed at the end of supplementation showed that the intervention was beneficial . CONCLUSIONS Designing an intervention , choosing outcome variables , and implementing the protocol in a typical Indian school setting were achieved ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1684
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25223",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"micronutrient supplement"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
34
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25224",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"micronutrient-fortified beverage"
],
"offsets": [
[
166,
198
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25225",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"micronutrient-enriched beverage"
],
"offsets": [
[
808,
839
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25226",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo without added micronutrients"
],
"offsets": [
[
845,
881
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25227",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"micronutrient-enriched beverage"
],
"offsets": [
[
808,
839
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25228",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"micronutrients"
],
"offsets": [
[
867,
881
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25229",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"supplementation"
],
"offsets": [
[
143,
158
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25230",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"health and nutritional status"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
67
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25231",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"outcome variables growth , biochemical status"
],
"offsets": [
[
1047,
1092
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25232",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"mental function"
],
"offsets": [
[
1095,
1110
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25233",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bone health"
],
"offsets": [
[
1117,
1128
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25234",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"beneficial"
],
"offsets": [
[
1522,
1532
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25235 | 16431255 | [
{
"id": "25236",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Paricalcitol capsule for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in stages 3 and 4 CKD . BACKGROUND The safety and efficacy of paricalcitol injection have been well established for the prevention and treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism ( SHPT ) in patients with chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) stage 5 . The capsule form of paricalcitol was developed to provide a convenient dosage form for patients with stages 3 and 4 CKD . METHODS Three randomized , placebo-controlled , phase-3 trials were conducted in patients with stages 3 and 4 CKD with SHPT . Enrollment criteria included an estimated glomerular filtration rate between 15 and 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 ( 0.25 and 1.00 mL/s/1.73 m2 ) , an average of 2 consecutive intact parathyroid hormone ( iPTH ) levels greater than 150 pg/mL ( ng/L ) , 2 consecutive serum calcium levels between 8.0 and 10.0 mg/dL ( 2.00 and 2.50 mmol/L ) , and 2 consecutive serum phosphorus levels of 5.2 mg/dL or less ( < or = 1.68 mmol/L ) . Two studies used a thrice-weekly dosing regimen and 1 study used a once-daily dosing regimen for 24 weeks . Dosing was based on serum iPTH , calcium , and phosphorus levels . The primary efficacy end point is 2 consecutive decreases in iPTH levels greater than 30 % from baseline . RESULTS Two hundred twenty patients participated ( n = 107 , paricalcitol ; n = 113 , placebo ) . At least 2 consecutive decreases in iPTH levels of 30 % or greater from baseline occurred in 91 % of paricalcitol versus 13 % of placebo patients ( P < 0.001 ) . Incidences of hypercalcemia , hyperphosphatemia , and elevated calcium-phosphorus product levels were not significantly different between groups . Similarly , no significant differences in urinary calcium and phosphorus excretion or deterioration in kidney function were detected in patients administered paricalcitol compared with placebo . CONCLUSION Paricalcitol capsule was well tolerated and effectively decreased iPTH levels with minimal or no impact on calcium levels , phosphorus balance , and kidney function in patients with stages 3 and 4 CKD ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2079
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25237",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Paricalcitol capsule"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
20
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25238",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"paricalcitol"
],
"offsets": [
[
134,
146
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25239",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
466,
484
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25240",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"paricalcitol"
],
"offsets": [
[
134,
146
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25241",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
466,
473
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25242",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Paricalcitol"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
12
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25243",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"secondary hyperparathyroidism"
],
"offsets": [
[
42,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25244",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
111,
117
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25245",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
122,
130
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25246",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"secondary hyperparathyroidism ( SHPT )"
],
"offsets": [
[
220,
258
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25247",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"serum calcium levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
819,
839
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25248",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"serum phosphorus levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
912,
935
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25249",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"2 consecutive decreases in iPTH levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1191,
1229
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25250",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"decreases in iPTH levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1205,
1229
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25251",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hypercalcemia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1538,
1551
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25252",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hyperphosphatemia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1554,
1571
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25253",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"elevated calcium-phosphorus product levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1578,
1620
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25254",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"urinary calcium and phosphorus excretion"
],
"offsets": [
[
1713,
1753
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25255",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"deterioration in kidney function"
],
"offsets": [
[
1757,
1789
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25256",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"secondary hyperparathyroidism in stages 3 and 4 CKD"
],
"offsets": [
[
42,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25257",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"secondary hyperparathyroidism"
],
"offsets": [
[
42,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25258",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"SHPT"
],
"offsets": [
[
252,
256
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25259",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) stage 5"
],
"offsets": [
[
262,
314
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25260",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with stages 3 and 4 CKD with SHPT"
],
"offsets": [
[
520,
562
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25261",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Two hundred twenty patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
1272,
1299
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25262",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"107"
],
"offsets": [
[
1319,
1322
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25263",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"113"
],
"offsets": [
[
1344,
1347
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25264 | 16435344 | [
{
"id": "25265",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Randomized , placebo-controlled , double-blind clinical trial evaluating the treatment of plantar fasciitis with an extracoporeal shockwave therapy ( ESWT ) device : a North American confirmatory study . Despite numerous publications and clinical trials , the results of treatment of recalcitrant chronic plantar fasciitis with extracorporeal shockwave therapy ( ESWT ) still remain equivocal as to whether or not this treatment provides relief from the pain associated with this condition . The objective of this study was to determine whether extracorporeal shock wave therapy can safely and effectively relieve the pain associated with chronic plantar fasciitis compared to placebo treatment , as demonstrated by pain with walking in the morning . This was set in a multicenter , randomized , placebo-controlled , double-blind , confirmatory clinical study undertaken in four outpatient orthopedic clinics . The patients , 114 adult subjects with chronic plantar fasciitis , recalcitrant to conservative therapies for at least 6 months , were randomized to two groups . Treatment consisted of approximately 3,800 total shock waves ( +/-10 ) reaching an approximated total energy delivery of 1,300 mJ/mm ( 2 ) ( ED+ ) in a single session versus placebo treatment . This study demonstrated a statistically significant difference between treatment groups in the change from baseline to 3 months in the primary efficacy outcome of pain during the first few minutes of walking measured by a visual analog scale . There was also a statistically significant difference between treatments in the number of participants whose changes in Visual Analog Scale scores met the study definition of success at both 6 weeks and 3 months posttreatment ; and between treatment groups in the change from baseline to 3 months posttreatment in the Roles and Maudsley Score . The results of this study confirm that ESWT administered with the Dornier Epos Ultra is a safe and effective treatment for recalcitrant plantar fasciitis ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2011
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25266",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
13,
31
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25267",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"extracoporeal shockwave therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
116,
147
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25268",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"extracorporeal shockwave therapy ( ESWT )"
],
"offsets": [
[
328,
369
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25269",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"3,800 total shock waves"
],
"offsets": [
[
1110,
1133
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25270",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
677,
694
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25271",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ESWT"
],
"offsets": [
[
150,
154
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25272",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"relief"
],
"offsets": [
[
438,
444
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25273",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"the pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
450,
458
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25274",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safely"
],
"offsets": [
[
583,
589
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25275",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effectively relieve the pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
594,
622
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25276",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
454,
458
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25277",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"the first few minutes"
],
"offsets": [
[
1442,
1463
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25278",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"visual analog scale"
],
"offsets": [
[
1489,
1508
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25279",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"Visual Analog Scale scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
1631,
1657
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25280",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"Roles and Maudsley Score"
],
"offsets": [
[
1829,
1853
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25281",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safe"
],
"offsets": [
[
583,
587
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25282",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effective"
],
"offsets": [
[
594,
603
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25283",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"plantar fasciitis"
],
"offsets": [
[
90,
107
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25284",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"recalcitrant chronic plantar fasciitis"
],
"offsets": [
[
284,
322
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25285",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"four outpatient"
],
"offsets": [
[
874,
889
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25286",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"114"
],
"offsets": [
[
926,
929
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25287",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"adult subjects"
],
"offsets": [
[
930,
944
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25288",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chronic plantar fasciitis , recalcitrant to conservative therapies"
],
"offsets": [
[
950,
1016
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25289 | 16437191 | [
{
"id": "25290",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Does an educational leaflet improve self-reported adherence to therapy in osteoporosis ? The OPTIMA study . INTRODUCTION Adherence to treatment in osteoporosis remains poor . The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an educational leaflet on adherence to medication and to assess the association between adherence and health-related quality of life ( HRQOL ) . METHODS A naturalistic , observational , multi-center , prospective study of 12 months ' follow-up was performed . Consecutive post-menopausal women aged 50 years to 86 years starting treatment with raloxifene according to daily practice were enrolled from 126 primary care offices in Spain . The women were assigned to two study groups . Group A received an educational leaflet with general information about osteoporosis ; group B followed current practice . To assess adherence to medication and HRQOL , the Morisky test and the EuroQoL questionnaire were administered . A total of 745 post-menopausal women ( group A , n=366 ; group B n=379 ) , with a mean age of 62 years , were included . RESULTS Most patients in both study groups showed high adherence to raloxifene at the 3-month visit : 56.3 % vs 62.7 % for groups A and B , respectively ; this proportion at the 12-month visit was 47.4 % ( P=0.15 ) and 52.5 % ( P=0.02 ) , respectively . At baseline , \" pain/discomfort \" was the dimension showing the highest percentage of women reporting problems : 86.4 % vs 83.2 % in groups A and B , respectively ( P=0.22 ) . HRQOL improved in both groups throughout the study , with an overall mean increment in the EuroQoL visual analog scale ( EQ VAS ) of 9.2 at 12 months ( P < 0.01 ) . Correlations between adherence and HRQOL were weak . After receiving an educational leaflet , young post-menopausal women suffering osteoporosis did not show improvement in adherence to therapy . HRQOL improved at 12-month follow-up under treatment . CONCLUSION No consistent correlation between adherence and HRQOL was found ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1990
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25291",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"educational leaflet"
],
"offsets": [
[
8,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25292",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"educational leaflet"
],
"offsets": [
[
8,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25293",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"raloxifene"
],
"offsets": [
[
572,
582
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25294",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"educational leaflet with general information about osteoporosis ;"
],
"offsets": [
[
732,
797
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25295",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"current practice"
],
"offsets": [
[
815,
831
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25296",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"raloxifene"
],
"offsets": [
[
572,
582
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25297",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"educational leaflet"
],
"offsets": [
[
8,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25298",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"adherence"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25299",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Adherence"
],
"offsets": [
[
121,
130
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25300",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"adherence"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25301",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"adherence"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25302",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"health-related quality of life ( HRQOL )"
],
"offsets": [
[
330,
370
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25303",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"adherence to medication"
],
"offsets": [
[
254,
277
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25304",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"HRQOL"
],
"offsets": [
[
363,
368
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25305",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Morisky test"
],
"offsets": [
[
884,
896
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25306",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"EuroQoL"
],
"offsets": [
[
905,
912
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25307",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"\" pain/discomfort \""
],
"offsets": [
[
1336,
1355
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25308",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"HRQOL"
],
"offsets": [
[
363,
368
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25309",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"EuroQoL visual analog scale ( EQ VAS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1589,
1627
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25310",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"adherence"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25311",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"HRQOL"
],
"offsets": [
[
363,
368
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25312",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"adherence to therapy ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1836,
1858
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25313",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"HRQOL"
],
"offsets": [
[
363,
368
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25314",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"adherence"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25315",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"HRQOL"
],
"offsets": [
[
363,
368
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25316",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"osteoporosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
74,
86
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25317",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"aged 50 years to 86 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
522,
547
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25318",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
516,
521
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25319",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"745"
],
"offsets": [
[
958,
961
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25320",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"n=366"
],
"offsets": [
[
996,
1001
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25321",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"mean age of 62 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
1029,
1049
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25322",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"post-menopausal"
],
"offsets": [
[
500,
515
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25323 | 16448427 | [
{
"id": "25324",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Plasmakinetic prostate resection in the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia : results of 1-year follow up . AIM In our randomized prospective study , we aimed to evaluate the efficiency of plasmakinetic resection of prostate ( PKRP ) by comparing the preoperative and postoperative results of the transurethral resection of prostate ( TURP ) and PKRP techniques which we administered in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia ( BPH ) in our clinic . METHODS Of 57 patients for whom we thought an operative intervention was necessary , 30 cases in the first group had a TURP and 24 cases in the second group had a PKRP . International prostate symptom scores ( I-PSS ) , uroflowmetry , measurement of residual urine amount and ultrasonography were performed for each patient both preoperatively and postoperatively ( first month and first year ) . Operation times , urethral catheterization times , preoperative and postoperative Hb , Htc and serum Na values of the patients were compared and the complications of the groups were also compared . RESULTS On first month and first year follow up between the groups , there was no significant statistical difference in I-PSS , maximum flow rate , average flow , residual urine and size of the prostate . The decrease in serum Na level was found to be significantly higher in the TURP group ( P < 0.05 ) . The operation times were not significantly different between the groups . While the postoperative catheterization time was 75.7 h in TURP group , it was found to be 42 h in PKRP group and it was clear that catheterization time was significantly shorter ( P < 0001 ) . CONCLUSION It is obvious that PKRP is as efficient as TURP and it has a similar morbidity . In our opinion , PKRP makes a promising treatment for BPH with its advantages , such as early removal of postoperative urethral catheter , a shorter hospital stay and the absence of TUR syndrome risk ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1920
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25325",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"Plasmakinetic prostate resection"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25326",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"plasmakinetic resection of prostate ( PKRP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
194,
238
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25327",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"transurethral resection of prostate"
],
"offsets": [
[
302,
337
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25328",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"TURP"
],
"offsets": [
[
340,
344
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25329",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"PKRP"
],
"offsets": [
[
232,
236
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25330",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"PKRP"
],
"offsets": [
[
232,
236
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25331",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"PKRP"
],
"offsets": [
[
232,
236
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25332",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"International prostate symptom scores ( I-PSS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
628,
675
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25333",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"uroflowmetry"
],
"offsets": [
[
678,
690
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25334",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"measurement of"
],
"offsets": [
[
693,
707
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25335",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"residual urine amount"
],
"offsets": [
[
708,
729
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25336",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"and ultrasonography"
],
"offsets": [
[
730,
749
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25337",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Operation times"
],
"offsets": [
[
855,
870
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25338",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"urethral catheterization times"
],
"offsets": [
[
873,
903
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25339",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"preoperative and postoperative Hb"
],
"offsets": [
[
906,
939
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25340",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
","
],
"offsets": [
[
153,
154
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25341",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Htc and serum Na values"
],
"offsets": [
[
942,
965
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25342",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"I-PSS"
],
"offsets": [
[
668,
673
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25343",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"maximum flow rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1181,
1198
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25344",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"average flow"
],
"offsets": [
[
1201,
1213
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25345",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"residual urine and size of the prostate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1216,
1255
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25346",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"serum Na level"
],
"offsets": [
[
1274,
1288
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25347",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"operation times"
],
"offsets": [
[
1363,
1378
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25348",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"postoperative catheterization time"
],
"offsets": [
[
1443,
1477
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25349",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"catheterization time"
],
"offsets": [
[
882,
902
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25350",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"hyperplasia"
],
"offsets": [
[
69,
80
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25351",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"57"
],
"offsets": [
[
469,
471
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25352 | 16452103 | [
{
"id": "25353",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Sham device v inert pill : randomised controlled trial of two placebo treatments . OBJECTIVE To investigate whether a sham device ( a validated sham acupuncture needle ) has a greater placebo effect than an inert pill in patients with persistent arm pain . DESIGN A single blind randomised controlled trial created from the two week placebo run-in periods for two nested trials that compared acupuncture and amitriptyline with their respective placebo controls . Comparison of participants who remained on placebo continued beyond the run-in period to the end of the study . SETTING Academic medical centre . PARTICIPANTS 270 adults with arm pain due to repetitive use that had lasted at least three months despite treatment and who scored > or =3 on a 10 point pain scale . INTERVENTIONS Acupuncture with sham device twice a week for six weeks or placebo pill once a day for eight weeks . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Arm pain measured on a 10 point pain scale . Secondary outcomes were symptoms measured by the Levine symptom severity scale , function measured by Pransky 's upper extremity function scale , and grip strength . RESULTS Pain decreased during the two week placebo run-in period in both the sham device and placebo pill groups , but changes were not different between the groups ( -0.14 , 95 % confidence interval -0.52 to 0.25 , P = 0.49 ) . Changes in severity scores for arm symptoms and grip strength were similar between groups , but arm function improved more in the placebo pill group ( 2.0 , 0.06 to 3.92 , P = 0.04 ) . Longitudinal regression analyses that followed participants throughout the treatment period showed significantly greater downward slopes per week on the 10 point arm pain scale in the sham device group than in the placebo pill group ( -0.33 ( -0.40 to -0.26 ) v -0.15 ( -0.21 to -0.09 ) , P = 0.0001 ) and on the symptom severity scale ( -0.07 ( -0.09 to -0.05 ) v -0.05 ( -0.06 to -0.03 ) , P = 0.02 ) . Differences were not significant , however , on the function scale or for grip strength . Reported adverse effects were different in the two groups . CONCLUSIONS The sham device had greater effects than the placebo pill on self reported pain and severity of symptoms over the entire course of treatment but not during the two week placebo run in . Placebo effects seem to be malleable and depend on the behaviours embedded in medical rituals ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2385
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25354",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Acupuncture with sham device twice a week for six weeks or"
],
"offsets": [
[
789,
847
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25355",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo pill once a day for eight weeks"
],
"offsets": [
[
848,
887
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25356",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"Arm pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
912,
920
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25357",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"10 point pain scale"
],
"offsets": [
[
753,
772
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25358",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Secondary outcomes were symptoms measured by the Levine symptom severity scale"
],
"offsets": [
[
957,
1035
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25359",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"Pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
1131,
1135
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25360",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"severity scores for arm symptoms and grip strength"
],
"offsets": [
[
1363,
1413
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25361",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"10 point arm pain scale"
],
"offsets": [
[
1690,
1713
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25362",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with persistent arm pain ."
],
"offsets": [
[
221,
256
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25363 | 16454975 | [
{
"id": "25364",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"XS0601 reduces the incidence of restenosis : a prospective study of 335 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in China . BACKGROUND XS0601 , consisting of active ingredients ( Chuangxiongol and paeoniflorin ) , has been shown to inhibit arterial neointimal hyperplasia in animal models and in preliminary human studies . The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of XS0601 in preventing restenosis following percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) . METHODS A multi-center , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial was conducted . A total of 335 patients were randomized into treatment with the oral administration of XS0601 , or a placebo for 6 months after successful PCI . Angiographic follow-up was scheduled at 6 months , and clinical follow-ups performed at 1 , 3 and 6 months after PCI . The primary end point was angiographic restenosis . The secondary end points were the combined incidence of death , target lesion nonfatal myocardial infarction , repeat angioplasty , and coronary artery bypass graft surgery . RESULTS A total of 308 patients ( 91.9 % ) completed the study and 145 cases ( 47.1 % ) received angiographic follow-up . The restenosis rates were significantly reduced in the XS0601 group as compared with the placebo group ( 26.0 % vs. 47.2 % , P < 0.05 ) , and the minimum lumen diameter ( MLD ) was greater [ ( 2.08 +/- 0.89 ) mm for XS0601 vs. ( 1.73 +/- 0.94 ) mm for placebo , P < 0.05 ] . XS0601 also significantly reduced the combined incidence of major adverse cardiac event ( 10.4 % in the XS0601 group vs. 22.7 % in the placebo group , P < 0.05 ) . The incidence of recurrent angina at 3 and 6 months after PCI was also significantly reduced in XS0601 group ( 7.1 % and 11.0 % ) as compared with those in placebo group ( 19.5 % and 42.9 % ) ( P < 0.05 ) . No significant side effects occurred within the 6-month follow-up period in the XS0601 group . CONCLUSION Administration of XS0601 for 6 months is demonstrated to be safe and effective in reducing restenosis in post-PCI patients ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2079
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25365",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"XS0601"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25366",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"XS0601"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25367",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"XS0601"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25368",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"percutaneous coronary intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
92,
126
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25369",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"XS0601"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25370",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
549,
556
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25371",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"coronary artery bypass graft surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
1042,
1078
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25372",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"XS0601"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25373",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
549,
556
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25374",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"XS0601"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25375",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
549,
556
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25376",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"XS0601"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25377",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
549,
556
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25378",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"XS0601"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25379",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
549,
556
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25380",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"XS0601"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25381",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"XS0601"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25382",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"angiographic restenosis ."
],
"offsets": [
[
880,
905
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25383",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"death"
],
"offsets": [
[
962,
967
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25384",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
", target lesion nonfatal myocardial infarction , repeat angioplasty , and coronary artery bypass graft surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
968,
1078
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25385",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"restenosis rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
1207,
1223
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25386",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"minimum lumen diameter ( MLD )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1349,
1379
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25387",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"combined incidence of"
],
"offsets": [
[
940,
961
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25388",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"major adverse cardiac event"
],
"offsets": [
[
1538,
1565
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25389",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"incidence of recurrent angina"
],
"offsets": [
[
1646,
1675
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25390",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"335"
],
"offsets": [
[
68,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25391",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"percutaneous coronary intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
92,
126
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25392",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"335"
],
"offsets": [
[
68,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25393",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"308"
],
"offsets": [
[
1100,
1103
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25394",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"145"
],
"offsets": [
[
1148,
1151
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25395 | 1645768 | [
{
"id": "25396",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Application of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to clinical therapeutic decisions in hypertension . The antihypertensive efficacies of lisinopril and captopril were compared using office sphygmomanometry and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring . In a double-blind , prospective , randomly allocated trial , the patients were given increasing doses of captopril at 25-100 mg twice a day or lisinopril at 10-40 mg once a day until a clinical response was achieved or the highest dose was reached . A response was defined as a reduction in diastolic pressure below 90 mmHg or a fall of at least 10 mmHg from baseline . The ambulatory monitoring showed that lisinopril reduced blood pressure from baseline to the final value and maintained the reduction to a greater degree than captopril throughout 24-h periods of observation . The office measurements showed a similar trend , but the intertreatment differences did not reach statistical significance . No first-dose side effects were observed with either drug . Once a day lisinopril appeared to be a more effective antihypertensive regimen than twice a day captopril ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1128
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25397",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"lisinopril"
],
"offsets": [
[
139,
149
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25398",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"captopril"
],
"offsets": [
[
154,
163
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25399",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"captopril"
],
"offsets": [
[
154,
163
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25400",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"lisinopril"
],
"offsets": [
[
139,
149
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25401",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"captopril"
],
"offsets": [
[
154,
163
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25402",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"lisinopril"
],
"offsets": [
[
139,
149
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25403",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"antihypertensive regimen"
],
"offsets": [
[
1075,
1099
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25404",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"antihypertensive"
],
"offsets": [
[
108,
124
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25405",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"clinical response"
],
"offsets": [
[
441,
458
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25406",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reduction in diastolic pressure below 90 mmHg or a fall of at least 10 mmHg from baseline ."
],
"offsets": [
[
534,
625
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25407",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25408",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"maintained the reduction"
],
"offsets": [
[
735,
759
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25409",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"office measurements"
],
"offsets": [
[
840,
859
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25410",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hypertension ."
],
"offsets": [
[
89,
103
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25411",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"the patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
317,
329
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25412 | 16472720 | [
{
"id": "25413",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Brain mechanisms of expectation associated with insula and amygdala response to aversive taste : implications for placebo . The experience of aversion is shaped by multiple physiological and psychological factors including one 's expectations . Recent work has shown that expectancy manipulation can alter perceptions of aversive events and concomitant brain activation . Accruing evidence indicates a primary role of altered expectancies in the placebo effect . Here , we probed the mechanism by which expectation attenuates sensory taste transmission by examining how brain areas activated by misleading information during an expectancy period modulate insula and amygdala activation to a highly aversive bitter taste . In a rapid event-related fMRI design , we showed that activations in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex ( rACC ) , orbitofrontal cortex ( OFC ) , and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to a misleading cue that the taste would be mildly aversive predicted decreases in insula and amygdala activation to the highly aversive taste . OFC and rACC activation to the misleading cue were also associated with less aversive ratings of that taste . Additional analyses revealed consistent results demonstrating functional connectivity among the OFC , rACC , and insula . Altering expectancies of upcoming aversive events are shown here to depend on robust functional associations among brain regions implicated in prior work on the placebo effect ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1460
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25414",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
114,
121
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25415",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
114,
121
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25416",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"misleading information"
],
"offsets": [
[
595,
617
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25417",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"highly aversive bitter taste"
],
"offsets": [
[
691,
719
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25418",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"misleading cue"
],
"offsets": [
[
911,
925
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25419",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"insula and amygdala activation"
],
"offsets": [
[
655,
685
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25420",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"aversive ratings of that taste"
],
"offsets": [
[
1128,
1158
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25421",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"."
],
"offsets": [
[
122,
123
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25422",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"insula and amygdala"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
67
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25423",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"brain areas activated"
],
"offsets": [
[
570,
591
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25424",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"during an expectancy period"
],
"offsets": [
[
618,
645
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25425 | 16472981 | [
{
"id": "25426",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effects of cooking plant oils on recurrent aphthous stomatitis : a randomized , placebo-controlled , double-blind trial . OBJECTIVE One-third of the total population seems to develop minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis ( RAS ) during their lifetime . However , well-controlled dietary intervention studies to prevent minor RAS are very rare . The objective of the present study was to investigate whether the prevalence of RAS decreased with perilla oil ( rich in alpha-linolenic acid ) . METHODS Thirty subjects ( 8 men and 22 women ) who had minor RAS at least once a month were randomly allocated to a soybean oil group or a perilla oil group in a double-blind manner ( experimental phase ) after a run-in phase of 4 mo during which subjects used a reference oil , the most popular cooking oil in Japan , or a 50/50 mixture of soybean oil and rapeseed oil . During the experimental phase , subjects were asked to use soybean oil or perilla oil as the sole cooking oil for 8 mo . Blood samples were collected at the start and end of the experimental phase for fatty acid analysis of total plasma phospholipid fraction . Occurrence and needed days for healing of minor RAS were recorded during the two phases and compared . RESULTS alpha-Linolenic acid concentrations in the plasma phospholipid fraction increased significantly in both groups during the experimental phase to a similar extent . The prevalence of minor RAS in the experimental phase decreased significantly in both groups compared with the run-in phase to a similar extent , without intergroup differences . CONCLUSION Perilla oil , which is rich in alpha-linolenic acid , was not superior to soybean oil in preventing minor RAS . There was a possibility that avoiding rapeseed oil might be beneficial for prevention of minor RAS ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1798
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25427",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cooking plant oils"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
29
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25428",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"perilla oil"
],
"offsets": [
[
442,
453
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25429",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"soybean oil"
],
"offsets": [
[
605,
616
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25430",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"perilla oil"
],
"offsets": [
[
442,
453
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25431",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Blood samples"
],
"offsets": [
[
982,
995
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25432",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Occurrence and needed days for healing of minor RAS"
],
"offsets": [
[
1122,
1173
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25433",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"alpha-Linolenic acid concentrations in the plasma phospholipid fraction"
],
"offsets": [
[
1233,
1304
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25434",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"minor RAS in the experimental phase decreased significantly"
],
"offsets": [
[
1414,
1473
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25435",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"recurrent aphthous stomatitis ( RAS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
189,
226
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25436",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Thirty"
],
"offsets": [
[
497,
503
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25437",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"8"
],
"offsets": [
[
515,
516
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25438",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"men"
],
"offsets": [
[
517,
520
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25439",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"22"
],
"offsets": [
[
525,
527
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25440",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
528,
533
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25441 | 16480401 | [
{
"id": "25442",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"CDP571 , a humanized monoclonal antibody to tumour necrosis factor-alpha , for steroid-dependent Crohn 's disease : a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial . BACKGROUND More than 50 % of patients with Crohn 's disease become either steroid resistant or dependent . Accordingly , development of new treatments for steroid-dependent Crohn 's disease is a research priority . AIM To evaluate CDP571 , a humanized antibody to tumour necrosis factor-alpha , for the treatment of steroid-dependent Crohn 's disease . METHODS Patients with steroid-dependent Crohn 's disease ( n = 271 ) were enrolled in a 36-week , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial . Steroid dependence was defined as use of prednisolone or prednisone ( 15-40 mg/day ) or budesonide ( 9 mg/day ) for > or =8 weeks , a previous failed attempt to decrease or discontinue steroids within 8 weeks of screening , and a Crohn 's Disease Activity Index score of < or =150 points . Patients were randomized to receive intravenous CDP571 10 mg/kg or placebo 8-weekly through to week 32 . Steroids were then tapered using a defined schedule . The primary efficacy endpoint was the percentage of patients with steroid sparing , defined as discontinuation of steroid therapy without a disease flare ( Crohn 's Disease Activity Index score > or =220 points ) at week 36 . RESULTS Steroid sparing occurred in 53 of 181 ( 29.3 % ) CDP571 patients and 33 of 90 ( 36.7 % ) placebo patients ( P = 0.24 ) . Adverse events occurred at similar frequencies in both treatment groups . CONCLUSIONS CDP571 was ineffective for sparing steroids in patients with steroid-dependent Crohn 's disease . CDP571 was well tolerated ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1681
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25443",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CDP571"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25444",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
146,
164
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25445",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CDP571"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25446",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
146,
164
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25447",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"prednisone"
],
"offsets": [
[
723,
733
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25448",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"intravenous CDP571 10 mg/kg or placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
992,
1030
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25449",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1237,
1244
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25450",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CDP571"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25451",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
146,
153
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25452",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CDP571"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25453",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CDP571"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25454",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"percentage of patients with steroid sparing"
],
"offsets": [
[
1153,
1196
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25455",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Steroid sparing"
],
"offsets": [
[
1349,
1364
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25456",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"Adverse events"
],
"offsets": [
[
1470,
1484
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25457",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"sparing steroids"
],
"offsets": [
[
1583,
1599
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25458",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"More than 50 % of patients with Crohn 's disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
184,
232
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25459",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Steroid dependence was defined as use of prednisolone or prednisone ( 15-40 mg/day ) or budesonide ( 9 mg/day ) for > or =8 weeks , a previous failed attempt to decrease or discontinue steroids within 8 weeks of screening , and a Crohn 's Disease Activity Index score of < or =150 points ."
],
"offsets": [
[
666,
955
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25460",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with steroid-dependent Crohn 's disease ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1603,
1653
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25461 | 16483029 | [
{
"id": "25462",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Evaluating erectile dysfunction : oral sildenafil versus intracavernosal injection of papaverine . BACKGROUND Intracavernosal injection of vasoactive drugs is an established method of evaluating erectile dysfunction . However , it is invasive and may be associated with pain and priapism . We investigated the use of oral sildenafil as a possible substitute for intracavernosal agents . METHODS Men with erectile dysfunction were randomized into two groups of 25 each . One group of 25 men received injection papaverine initially followed by oral sildenafil , and another 25 received oral sildenafil followed by injection papaverine . Genital self-stimulation was used in both the groups . Penile length and circumference as well as angle of erection , before and after each medication , were recorded . Two days later , the intervention arms were crossed over . Subjective responses were obtained . The effect of medication on each outcome variable was studied by using analysis of variance models in relation to patient , period and medication . RESULTS There was statistically significant improvement from the baseline value in both the arms , i.e injection papaverine and oral sildenafil ( p < 0.001 , p < 0.001 , respectively ) for both penile length and circumference . No significant difference was observed between the two medications in the outcome measures . CONCLCUSION : Oral sildenafil was as effective as injection papaverine in evaluating erectile dysfunction ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1476
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25463",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"injection papaverine initially followed by oral sildenafil"
],
"offsets": [
[
499,
557
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25464",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oral sildenafil followed by injection papaverine"
],
"offsets": [
[
584,
632
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25465",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Evaluating"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25466",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Penile length and circumference as well as angle of erection"
],
"offsets": [
[
690,
750
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25467",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Subjective responses"
],
"offsets": [
[
863,
883
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25468",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"analysis of variance models"
],
"offsets": [
[
971,
998
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25469",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"penile length and circumference"
],
"offsets": [
[
1242,
1273
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25470",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"erectile dysfunction :"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25471",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"Men"
],
"offsets": [
[
395,
398
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25472",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"erectile dysfunction"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
31
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25473",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"two groups of 25 each"
],
"offsets": [
[
446,
467
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25474",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"25"
],
"offsets": [
[
460,
462
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25475",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"men"
],
"offsets": [
[
486,
489
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25476",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"erectile dysfunction"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
31
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25477 | 16492716 | [
{
"id": "25478",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Perceptual wind-up in the human oesophagus is enhanced by central sensitisation . BACKGROUND Oesophageal acid infusion induces enhanced pain hypersensitivity in non-acid exposed upper oesophagus ( secondary hyperalgesia ) in patients with non-cardiac chest pain , thus suggesting central sensitisation contributes to visceral pain hypersensitivity in functional gut disorders ( FGD ) . Perceptual wind-up ( increased pain perception to constant intensity sensory stimuli at frequencies > or=0.3 Hz ) is used as a proxy for central sensitisation to investigate pain syndromes where pain hypersensitivity is important ( for example , fibromyalgia ) . AIMS Wind-up in central sensitisation induced human visceral pain hypersensitivity has not been explored . We hypothesised that if wind-up is a proxy for central sensitisation induced human visceral pain hypersensitivity , then oesophageal wind-up should be enhanced by secondary hyperalgesia . METHODS In eight healthy volunteers ( seven males ; mean age 32 years ) , perception at pain threshold to a train of 20 electrical stimuli applied to the hand and upper oesophagus ( UO ) at either 0.1 Hz ( control ) or 2 Hz was determined before and one hour after a 30 minute lower oesophageal acid infusion . RESULTS Wind-up occurred only with the 2 Hz train in the UO and hand ( both p=0.01 ) . Following acid infusion , pain threshold decreased ( 17 ( 4 ) % ; p=0.01 ) in the UO , suggesting the presence of secondary hyperalgesia . Wind-up to the 2 Hz train increased in the UO ( wind-up ratio 1.4 ( 0.1 ) to 1.6 ( 0.1 ) ; p=0.03 ) but not in the hand ( wind-up ratio 1.3 ( 0.1 ) and 1.3 ( 0.1 ) ; p=0.3 ) CONCLUSION Enhanced wind-up after secondary oesophageal hyperalgesia suggests that visceral pain hypersensitivity induced by central sensitisation results from increased central neuronal excitability . Wind-up may offer new opportunities to investigate the contribution of central neuronal changes to symptoms in FGD ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1973
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25479",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"electrical stimuli"
],
"offsets": [
[
1064,
1082
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25480",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"2 Hz"
],
"offsets": [
[
1163,
1167
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25481",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"2 Hz"
],
"offsets": [
[
1163,
1167
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25482",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"2 Hz"
],
"offsets": [
[
1163,
1167
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25483",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Perceptual wind-up"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
18
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25484",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Wind-up"
],
"offsets": [
[
654,
661
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25485",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain threshold decreased"
],
"offsets": [
[
1368,
1392
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25486",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Wind-up to the 2 Hz train"
],
"offsets": [
[
1481,
1506
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25487",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"UO"
],
"offsets": [
[
1126,
1128
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25488",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"human oesophagus"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
42
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25489",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"eight"
],
"offsets": [
[
955,
960
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25490",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"healthy"
],
"offsets": [
[
961,
968
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25491",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"seven"
],
"offsets": [
[
982,
987
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25492",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"males"
],
"offsets": [
[
988,
993
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25493",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"mean age 32 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
996,
1013
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25494 | 16495253 | [
{
"id": "25495",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Pharmacokinetic and safety evaluation of high-dose combinations of fosamprenavir and ritonavir . High-dose combinations of fosamprenavir ( FPV ) and ritonavir ( RTV ) were evaluated in healthy adult subjects in order to select doses for further study in multiple protease inhibitor ( PI ) -experienced patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 . Two high-dose regimens , FPV 1,400 mg twice a day ( BID ) plus RTV 100 mg BID and FPV 1,400 mg BID plus RTV 200 mg BID , were planned to be compared to the approved regimen , FPV 700 mg BID plus RTV 100 mg BID , in a randomized three-period crossover study . Forty-two healthy adult subjects were enrolled , and 39 subjects completed period 1 . Due to marked hepatic transaminase elevations , predominantly with FPV 1,400 mg BID plus RTV 200 mg BID , the study was terminated prematurely . For FPV 1,400 mg BID plus RTV 100 mg BID , the values for plasma amprenavir ( APV ) area under the concentration-time profile over the dosing interval ( tau ) at steady state [ AUC ( 0-tau ) ] , maximum concentration of drug in plasma ( C ( max ) ) , and plasma concentration at the end of tau at steady state ( C ( tau ) ) were 54 , 81 , and 26 % higher , respectively , and the values for plasma RTV AUC ( 0-tau ) , C ( max ) , and C ( tau ) were 49 % higher , 71 % higher , and 11 % lower , respectively , than those for FPV 700 mg BID plus RTV 100 mg BID . For FPV 1,400 mg BID plus RTV 200 mg BID , the values for plasma APV AUC ( 0-tau ) , C ( max ) , and C ( tau ) were 26 , 48 , and 32 % higher , respectively , and the values for plasma RTV AUC ( 0-tau ) , C ( max ) , and C ( tau ) increased 4.15-fold , 4.17-fold , and 3.99-fold , respectively , compared to those for FPV 700 mg BID plus RTV 100 mg BID . FPV 1,400 mg BID plus RTV 200 mg BID is not recommended due to an increased rate of marked hepatic transaminase elevations and lack of pharmacokinetic advantage . FPV 1,400 mg BID plus RTV 100 mg BID is currently under clinical evaluation in multiple PI-experienced patients ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2045
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25496",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fosamprenavir ( FPV )"
],
"offsets": [
[
123,
144
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25497",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ritonavir ( RTV )"
],
"offsets": [
[
149,
166
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25498",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"FPV"
],
"offsets": [
[
139,
142
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25499",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"RTV"
],
"offsets": [
[
161,
164
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25500",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"FPV"
],
"offsets": [
[
139,
142
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25501",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"RTV"
],
"offsets": [
[
161,
164
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25502",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"FPV"
],
"offsets": [
[
139,
142
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25503",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"RTV"
],
"offsets": [
[
161,
164
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25504",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"FPV"
],
"offsets": [
[
139,
142
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25505",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"RTV"
],
"offsets": [
[
161,
164
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25506",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"FPV"
],
"offsets": [
[
139,
142
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25507",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"RTV"
],
"offsets": [
[
161,
164
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25508",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"FPV"
],
"offsets": [
[
139,
142
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25509",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"FPV"
],
"offsets": [
[
139,
142
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25510",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"FPV"
],
"offsets": [
[
139,
142
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25511",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"RTV"
],
"offsets": [
[
161,
164
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25512",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"FPV"
],
"offsets": [
[
139,
142
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25513",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"RTV"
],
"offsets": [
[
161,
164
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25514",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"FPV"
],
"offsets": [
[
139,
142
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25515",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"RTV"
],
"offsets": [
[
161,
164
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25516",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"values for plasma amprenavir ( APV ) area"
],
"offsets": [
[
900,
941
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25517",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plasma concentration at the end of tau at steady state"
],
"offsets": [
[
1108,
1162
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25518",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"values for plasma RTV AUC ( 0-tau )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1233,
1268
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25519",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"C ( max )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1090,
1099
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25520",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"C ( tau )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1165,
1174
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25521",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"values for plasma APV AUC ( 0-tau )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1461,
1496
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25522",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plasma RTV AUC ( 0-tau )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1244,
1268
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25523",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"C ( max )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1090,
1099
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25524",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"C ( tau"
],
"offsets": [
[
1165,
1172
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25525",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"rate of marked hepatic transaminase elevations"
],
"offsets": [
[
1845,
1891
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25526",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"lack of pharmacokinetic advantage ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1896,
1931
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25527",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"healthy"
],
"offsets": [
[
185,
192
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25528",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"adult"
],
"offsets": [
[
193,
198
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25529",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Forty-two"
],
"offsets": [
[
622,
631
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25530",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"healthy"
],
"offsets": [
[
185,
192
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25531",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"adult"
],
"offsets": [
[
193,
198
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25532 | 16503545 | [
{
"id": "25533",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ Effect of Selaginella combined with radiotherapy on nasopharyngeal carcinoma ] . OBJECTIVE To observe the Chinese herbal medicine Selaginella-induced radiosensitization of terminal nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( NPC ) . METHODS Totally 180 patients with NPC were divided equally into 3 groups with the same radiotherapeutic protocols . The patients in group A received radiotherapy alone , those in group B were given daily Selaginella ( 30 g ) prepared into 50 ml decoction during the entire course of radiotherapy , and those in group C had Selaginella 30 g daily in the late course of radiotherapy . RESULTS The complete remission rate of nasopharyngeal primary lesions in groups B and C was significantly higher than that in group A , with also significantly higher complete remission rates of the cervical lymph nodes . The acute toxicity of the skin and mucous membrane was milder in the latter two groups , but the differences were not significant . CONCLUSION Selaginella may induce radiosensitization for terminal NPC and does not increase the acute toxicity of radiotherapy ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1083
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25534",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Selaginella"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25535",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"radiotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25536",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"radiotherapy alone"
],
"offsets": [
[
367,
385
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25537",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"daily Selaginella ( 30 g ) prepared into 50 ml decoction during the entire course of radiotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
416,
513
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25538",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"group C had Selaginella 30 g daily"
],
"offsets": [
[
529,
563
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25539",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"radiotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25540",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Selaginella"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25541",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"complete remission rate of nasopharyngeal primary lesions"
],
"offsets": [
[
613,
670
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25542",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"remission rates of the cervical lymph nodes"
],
"offsets": [
[
777,
820
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25543",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"acute toxicity of the skin and mucous membrane"
],
"offsets": [
[
827,
873
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25544",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"nasopharyngeal carcinoma"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
78
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25545",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"terminal nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( NPC )"
],
"offsets": [
[
174,
215
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25546",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"180"
],
"offsets": [
[
234,
237
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25547",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"NPC"
],
"offsets": [
[
210,
213
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25548",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"terminal NPC"
],
"offsets": [
[
1012,
1024
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25549 | 16505756 | [
{
"id": "25550",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Longitudinal quality of life study in patients with metastatic gastric cancer . Analysis modalities and clinical applicability of QoL in randomized phase II trial in a digestive oncology . OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the longitudinal quality of life ( QoL ) between LV5FU2-irinotecan and LV5FU2 alone or LV5FU2-cisplatin in a randomized Phase II trial in patients with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma . METHODS Among 134 eligible patients , QLQ-C30 scores were collected and described at each 2 monthly follow-up visit during 6 months . The frequencies of QLQ-C30 score improvement were calculated and mixed models for repeated measurements were applied with or without extreme poorest imputation for missing scores . The \" survival \" until definitive global health score ( GHS ) deterioration was estimated . RESULTS At the 3rd follow-up , patients with a stable or improved global health ranged from 11 % in the LV5FU2-cisplatin arm to 18 % in the LV5FU2-irinotecan arm . The irinotecan-based-therapy presented 14 to 15 scores with a better QoL . The time until definitive GHS deterioration was globally similar between treatment arms . CONCLUSION This study highlights a better impact of LV5FU2-irinotecan and the interest of QoL assessment in phase II trials to complement the risk-benefit judgement ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1327
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25551",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"LV5FU2-irinotecan"
],
"offsets": [
[
286,
303
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25552",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"LV5FU2 alone"
],
"offsets": [
[
308,
320
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25553",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"LV5FU2-cisplatin"
],
"offsets": [
[
324,
340
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25554",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"LV5FU2-cisplatin"
],
"offsets": [
[
324,
340
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25555",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"LV5FU2-irinotecan"
],
"offsets": [
[
286,
303
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25556",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"LV5FU2-irinotecan"
],
"offsets": [
[
286,
303
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25557",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"quality of life"
],
"offsets": [
[
13,
28
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25558",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"QoL"
],
"offsets": [
[
130,
133
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25559",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"longitudinal quality of life ( QoL )"
],
"offsets": [
[
241,
277
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25560",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"QLQ-C30 scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
463,
477
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25561",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"frequencies of QLQ-C30 score improvement"
],
"offsets": [
[
563,
603
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25562",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"survival \" until definitive global health score ( GHS ) deterioration"
],
"offsets": [
[
746,
815
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25563",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"global health"
],
"offsets": [
[
774,
787
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25564",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"QoL"
],
"offsets": [
[
130,
133
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25565",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"time until definitive GHS deterioration"
],
"offsets": [
[
1075,
1114
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25566",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"QoL assessment"
],
"offsets": [
[
1251,
1265
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25567 | 16508555 | [
{
"id": "25568",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Minimal clinically important change for pain intensity , functional status , and general health status in patients with nonspecific low back pain . STUDY DESIGN Cohort study . OBJECTIVES To estimate the Minimal Clinically Important Change ( MCIC ) of the pain intensity numerical rating scale ( PI-NRS ) , the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale ( QBPDS ) , and the Euroqol ( EQ ) in patients with low back pain . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA MCIC can provide valuable information for researchers , healthcare providers , and policymakers . METHODS Data from a randomized controlled trial with 442 patients with low back pain were used . The MCIC was estimated over a 12-week period , and three different methods were used : 1 ) mean change scores , 2 ) minimal detectable change , and 3 ) optimal cutoff point in receiver operant curves . The global perceived effect scale ( GPE ) was used as an external criterion . The effect of initial scores on the MCIC was also assessed . RESULTS The MCIC of the PI-NRS ranged from 3.5 to 4.7 points in ( sub ) acute patients and 2.5 to 4.5 points in chronic patients with low back pain . The MCIC of the QBPDS was estimated between 17.5 to 32.9 points and 8.5 to 24.6 points for ( sub ) acute and chronic patients with low back pain . The MCIC for the EQ ranged from 0.07 to 0.58 in ( sub ) acute patients and 0.09 to 0.28 in patients with chronic low back pain . CONCLUSION Reporting the percentage of patients who have made a MCIC adds to the interpretability of study results . We present a range of MCIC values and advocate the choice of a single MCIC value according to the specific context ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1634
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25569",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain intensity"
],
"offsets": [
[
40,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25570",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"functional status"
],
"offsets": [
[
57,
74
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25571",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"health status"
],
"offsets": [
[
89,
102
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25572",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Minimal Clinically Important Change ( MCIC )"
],
"offsets": [
[
203,
247
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25573",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain intensity numerical rating scale ( PI-NRS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
255,
303
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25574",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale ( QBPDS"
],
"offsets": [
[
310,
351
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25575",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
")"
],
"offsets": [
[
246,
247
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25576",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Euroqol ( EQ )"
],
"offsets": [
[
364,
378
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25577",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"MCIC of the QBPDS"
],
"offsets": [
[
1129,
1146
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25578",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"low back pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
132,
145
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25579",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"low back pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
132,
145
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25580",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"442"
],
"offsets": [
[
590,
593
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25581",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"low back pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
132,
145
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25582",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"low back pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
132,
145
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25583 | 16522696 | [
{
"id": "25584",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Efficacy and safety of oral conivaptan : a V1A/V2 vasopressin receptor antagonist , assessed in a randomized , placebo-controlled trial in patients with euvolemic or hypervolemic hyponatremia . CONTEXT Hyponatremia [ serum sodium concentration ( [ Na ( + ) ] ) , < 135 mEq/liter ] is the most common fluid and electrolyte abnormality among hospitalized patients . It is frequently caused by the inappropriate release of arginine vasopressin . OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral conivaptan , a vasopressin V ( 1A ) /V ( 2 ) receptor antagonist , in patients with euvolemic or hypervolemic hyponatremia . DESIGN The study design was a 5-d placebo-controlled , randomized , double-blind study . SETTING The study was performed at a hospital . INTERVENTION Oral conivaptan ( 40 or 80 mg/d ) or placebo was given in two divided doses . PATIENTS Seventy-four patients ( average baseline serum [ Na ( + ) ] , 115 to < 130 mEq/liter ) were studied . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The main outcome measure was the change from baseline in serum [ Na ( + ) ] area under the curve . RESULTS The least-squares mean change from baseline in the serum [ Na ( + ) ] area under the curve with conivaptan ( 40 and 80 mg/d ) was 2.0-fold ( P = 0.03 ) and 2.5-fold ( P < 0.001 ) greater , respectively , than that with placebo . The median time to achieve a confirmed increase in serum [ Na ( + ) ] of 4 mEq/liter or more from baseline was 71.7 h for placebo , 27.5 h for 40 mg/d conivaptan ( P = 0.044 ) , and 12.1 h for 80 mg/d conivaptan ( P = 0.002 ) . The mean total times during which patients had a serum [ Na ( + ) ] level of 4 mEq/liter or more above baseline were 46.5 , 69.8 , and 88.8 h ( P = 0.001 ) , respectively . The least-squares mean change in serum [ Na ( + ) ] from baseline to end of treatment was 3.4 mEq/liter for placebo , 6.4 mEq/liter for 40 mg/d conivaptan , and 8.2 mEq/liter for 80 mg/d conivaptan ( P = 0.002 ) . A confirmed normal serum [ Na ( + ) ] ( > /=135 mEq/liter ) or increase of 6 mEq/liter or more was observed in 48 % of patients given placebo , 71 % given 40 mg/d conivaptan , and 82 % given 80 mg/d conivaptan ( P = 0.014 ) . Headache , hypotension , nausea , constipation , and postural hypotension were the most common adverse events . CONCLUSION Oral conivaptan ( 40 and 80 mg/d ) was well tolerated and efficacious in correcting serum [ Na ( + ) ] in hyponatremia ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2434
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25585",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oral conivaptan"
],
"offsets": [
[
23,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25586",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"V1A/V2 vasopressin receptor antagonist"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
81
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25587",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
111,
129
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25588",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"conivaptan"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25589",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"vasopressin V ( 1A ) /V ( 2 ) receptor antagonist"
],
"offsets": [
[
544,
593
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25590",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
111,
129
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25591",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Oral conivaptan"
],
"offsets": [
[
804,
819
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25592",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
111,
118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25593",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"conivaptan"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25594",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
111,
118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25595",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
111,
118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25596",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"conivaptan"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25597",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"conivaptan"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25598",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
111,
118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25599",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"conivaptan"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25600",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"conivaptan"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25601",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
111,
118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25602",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"conivaptan"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25603",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"conivaptan"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25604",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"conivaptan"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25605",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Efficacy and safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
19
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25606",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy and safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
501,
520
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25607",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"was the change from baseline in serum [ Na ( + ) ] area under the curve ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1039,
1112
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25608",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"serum"
],
"offsets": [
[
217,
222
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25609",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"serum [ Na ( + ) ]"
],
"offsets": [
[
932,
950
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25610",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean change in serum [ Na ( + ) ]"
],
"offsets": [
[
1769,
1802
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25611",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"normal serum [ Na ( + ) ]"
],
"offsets": [
[
1977,
2002
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25612",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"Headache , hypotension , nausea , constipation , and postural hypotension"
],
"offsets": [
[
2191,
2264
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25613",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"euvolemic or hypervolemic hyponatremia"
],
"offsets": [
[
153,
191
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25614",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hospitalized patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
340,
361
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25615",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"euvolemic"
],
"offsets": [
[
153,
162
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25616",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hypervolemic hyponatremia"
],
"offsets": [
[
166,
191
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25617",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Seventy-four"
],
"offsets": [
[
891,
903
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25618 | 16527796 | [
{
"id": "25619",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Nasotracheal intubation under curve-tipped suction catheter guidance reduces epistaxis . BACKGROUND Nasotracheal intubation ( NTI ) has greater potential for trauma of nasopharyngeal mucosa than orotracheal intubation . The present study investigated the success rate of NTI and frequency of nasal bleeding using a curve-tipped suction catheter ( CTSC ) to guide nasotracheal tube advancement . METHODS Subjects comprised 131 adult patients who under-went NTI . Subjects were randomly divided into two groups : a ) NTI under CTSC guidance ( G [ + ] group ) . The CTSC ( 14 Fr ) was first inserted through the tracheal tube , with the tip of the CTSC emerging from the distal end of the tube . The curved tip was directed ventrally . Both tracheal tube and CTSC were advanced together through the nasopharynx ; b ) NTI without CTSC guidance ( G [ - ] group ) . The tracheal tube was advanced into the nasal cavity and passed into the pharynx without CTSC guidance . The time required to pass the endotracheal tube through the nasal cavity ( nasal passage time ) , success rate of nasal passage with nasotracheal tube , and the incidence and severity of nasal bleeding were compared . RESULTS Success rate for nasal passage was 100 % in the G ( + ) group ( 62/62 ) and 82.6 % in the G ( - ) group ( 57/69 ; P = 0.0006 ) . Frequency of nasal bleeding was significantly lower in the G ( + ) group ( 21/62 , 33.9 % ) than in the G ( - ) group ( 37/69 , 53.6 % ; P = 0.023 ) . Severity of nasal bleeding was also significantly lower in the G ( + ) group than in the G ( - ) group ( P = 0.030 ) . CONCLUSIONS Nasotracheal intubation under CTSC guidance increases the success rate of airway instrumentation , and also reduces the incidence and severity of epistaxis ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1759
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25620",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Nasotracheal intubation under curve-tipped suction catheter"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25621",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Nasotracheal intubation ( NTI )"
],
"offsets": [
[
100,
131
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25622",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"curve-tipped suction catheter ( CTSC )"
],
"offsets": [
[
315,
353
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25623",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"NTI under CTSC guidance ( G [ + ] group )"
],
"offsets": [
[
515,
556
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25624",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"NTI without CTSC guidance"
],
"offsets": [
[
814,
839
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25625",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Nasotracheal intubation under CTSC guidance"
],
"offsets": [
[
1602,
1645
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25626",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"success rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
255,
267
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25627",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"time required to pass the endotracheal tube through the nasal cavity ( nasal passage time )"
],
"offsets": [
[
969,
1060
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25628",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"success rate of nasal passage with nasotracheal tube"
],
"offsets": [
[
1063,
1115
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25629",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"incidence and severity of nasal bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
1126,
1166
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25630",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Success rate for nasal passage"
],
"offsets": [
[
1191,
1221
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25631",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Frequency of nasal bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
1320,
1347
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25632",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Severity of nasal bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
1471,
1497
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25633",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"success rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
255,
267
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25634",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"incidence and severity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1126,
1148
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25635",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"131"
],
"offsets": [
[
422,
425
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25636",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"adult"
],
"offsets": [
[
426,
431
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25637",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"who under-went NTI"
],
"offsets": [
[
441,
459
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25638 | 16540291 | [
{
"id": "25639",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The misattribution of salience in delusional patients with schizophrenia . INTRODUCTION Delusions may arise from abnormalities in emotional perception . In this study , we tested the hypothesis that delusional schizophrenia patients are more likely than non-delusional schizophrenia patients and healthy participants to assign affective meanings to neutral stimuli . METHODS Unpleasant , pleasant , and neutral words were randomly presented to three subject groups -- patients with schizophrenia with prominent delusions , patients with schizophrenia without delusions , and healthy participants . Participants performed three tasks : one in which they decided whether a letter string was a word or a non-word ( lexical decision ) and two affective classification tasks in which they judged whether words were 1 ) neutral or unpleasant , or 2 ) neutral or pleasant . RESULTS While there were no significant between-group differences in lexical decision performance , patients with delusions showed selective performance deficits in both affective classification tasks . First , delusional patients were significantly more likely than non-delusional patients and healthy participants to classify words as unpleasant . Second , delusional patients took significantly longer than both other groups to correctly classify neutral words in both affective classification tasks . CONCLUSIONS Taken together , these findings suggest that delusions are associated with the explicit misattribution of salience to neutral stimuli ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1519
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25640",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Unpleasant , pleasant , and neutral words were randomly presented to three subject groups -- patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
375,
476
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25641",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"one in which they decided whether a letter string was a word or a non-word ( lexical decision ) and two affective classification tasks"
],
"offsets": [
[
635,
769
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25642",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"neutral or unpleasant"
],
"offsets": [
[
814,
835
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25643",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"neutral or pleasant"
],
"offsets": [
[
845,
864
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25644",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"lexical decision performance"
],
"offsets": [
[
936,
964
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25645",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"selective performance deficits"
],
"offsets": [
[
998,
1028
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25646",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"classify words as unpleasant ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1186,
1216
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25647",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"correctly classify neutral words"
],
"offsets": [
[
1298,
1330
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25648",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"explicit misattribution of salience to neutral stimuli"
],
"offsets": [
[
1463,
1517
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25649",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"delusional"
],
"offsets": [
[
34,
44
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25650",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"schizophrenia"
],
"offsets": [
[
59,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25651",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"delusional schizophrenia"
],
"offsets": [
[
199,
223
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25652",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"three"
],
"offsets": [
[
444,
449
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25653",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"schizophrenia with prominent delusions ,"
],
"offsets": [
[
482,
522
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25654",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"schizophrenia without delusions"
],
"offsets": [
[
537,
568
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25655 | 16540862 | [
{
"id": "25656",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A randomized trial of chiropractic and medical care for patients with low back pain : eighteen-month follow-up outcomes from the UCLA low back pain study . STUDY DESIGN Randomized clinical trial . OBJECTIVES To compare the long-term effectiveness of medical and chiropractic care for low back pain in managed care and to assess the effectiveness of physical therapy and modalities among patients receiving medical or chiropractic care . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Evidence comparing the long-term relative effectiveness of common treatment strategies offered to low back pain patients in managed care is lacking . METHODS A total of 681 low back pain patients presenting to a managed-care facility were randomized to chiropractic with or without physical modalities , or medical care with or without physical therapy , and followed for 18 months . The primary outcome variables are low back pain intensity , disability , and complete remission . The secondary outcome is participants ' perception of improvement in low back symptoms . RESULTS Of the 681 patients , 610 ( 89.6 % ) were followed through 18 months . Among participants not assigned to receive physical therapy or modalities , the estimated improvements in pain and disability and 18-month risk of complete remission were a little greater in the chiropractic group than in the medical group ( adjusted RR of remission = 1.29 ; 95 % CI = 0.80-2.07 ) . Among participants assigned to medical care , mean changes in pain and disability and risk of remission were larger in patients assigned to receive physical therapy ( adjusted RR = 1.69 ; 95 % CI = 1.08-2.66 ) . Among those assigned to chiropractic care , however , assignment to methods was not associated with improvement or remission ( adjusted RR = 0.98 ; 95 % CI = 0.62-1.55 ) . Compared with medical care only patients , chiropractic and physical therapy patients were much more likely to perceive improvement in their low back symptoms . However , less than 20 % of all patients were pain-free at 18 months . CONCLUSIONS Differences in outcomes between medical and chiropractic care without physical therapy or modalities are not clinically meaningful , although chiropractic may result in a greater likelihood of perceived improvement , perhaps reflecting satisfaction or lack of blinding . Physical therapy may be more effective than medical care alone for some patients , while physical modalities appear to have no benefit in chiropractic care ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2470
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25657",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"medical care"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
51
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25658",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"medical and chiropractic care for low back pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
250,
297
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25659",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"physical therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
349,
365
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25660",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"medical"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25661",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"or chiropractic care"
],
"offsets": [
[
414,
434
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25662",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"chiropractic with or without physical modalities"
],
"offsets": [
[
717,
765
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25663",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"medical care with or without physical therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
771,
816
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25664",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"physical therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
349,
365
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25665",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"chiropractic care"
],
"offsets": [
[
262,
279
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25666",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"chiropractic"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
34
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25667",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"medical and chiropractic care"
],
"offsets": [
[
250,
279
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25668",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Physical therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
2313,
2329
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25669",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"low back pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
70,
83
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25670",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"low back pain intensity"
],
"offsets": [
[
882,
905
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25671",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"disability"
],
"offsets": [
[
908,
918
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25672",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"complete remission"
],
"offsets": [
[
925,
943
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25673",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"low back symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
1015,
1032
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25674",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
79,
83
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25675",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"disability"
],
"offsets": [
[
908,
918
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25676",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"risk of complete remission"
],
"offsets": [
[
1253,
1279
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25677",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"mean changes in pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
1460,
1480
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25678",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"disability"
],
"offsets": [
[
908,
918
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25679",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"risk of remission"
],
"offsets": [
[
1500,
1517
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25680",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain-free"
],
"offsets": [
[
2005,
2014
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25681",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"low back pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
70,
83
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25682",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"low back pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
70,
83
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25683",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"low back pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
70,
83
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25684",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"681"
],
"offsets": [
[
633,
636
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25685",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"low back pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
70,
83
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25686",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"681"
],
"offsets": [
[
633,
636
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25687",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"610"
],
"offsets": [
[
1065,
1068
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25688 | 16541481 | [
{
"id": "25689",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Etanercept treatment in adults with established rheumatoid arthritis : 7 years of clinical experience . OBJECTIVE To evaluate safety and efficacy of longterm etanercept treatment in patients with disease modifying antirheumatic drug ( DMARD ) refractory rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) . METHODS Safety results are reported for 714 patients who received etanercept in one of 7 initial trials or a longterm extension . Efficacy results are reported for 581 patients who enrolled in the extension . RESULTS Of the 714 patients enrolled in the initial trials , 581 ( 81 % ) enrolled in the extension , and 388 ( 54 % ) patients are continuing to receive etanercept therapy . The longest individual treatment was 8.2 years , with 3139 total patient-years of etanercept exposure . Rates of serious adverse events ( overall rate=14.8 events/100 patient-yrs ) , serious infections ( overall rate=4.2 events/100 patient-yrs ) , cancer ( overall rate=1.0 events/100 patient-yrs ) , and deaths ( overall rate=0.7 events/100 patient-yrs ) were stable each year , through 8 years of etanercept exposure . For 356 patients who completed 6 years of etanercept treatment , response rates were ACR20=73 % , ACR50=52 % , ACR70=27 % , DAS28 CRP good response=52 % , and DAS28 CRP remission=37 % of patients . Similar responses occurred in 167 patients who completed Year 7 . Doses of concomitant methotrexate or corticosteroids were reduced in many patients who maintained clinical responses . CONCLUSION The safety profile of etanercept was consistent over time , with rates of adverse events similar to those reported for patients with RA in general . Durable clinical responses were observed in some patients for 7 years or more . The benefit-to-risk ratio for longterm etanercept treatment remains highly favorable ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1798
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25690",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Etanercept"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25691",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"etanercept"
],
"offsets": [
[
158,
168
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25692",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"etanercept"
],
"offsets": [
[
158,
168
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25693",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"etanercept"
],
"offsets": [
[
158,
168
]
],
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{
"id": "25694",
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158,
168
]
],
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},
{
"id": "25695",
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"etanercept"
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158,
168
]
],
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},
{
"id": "25696",
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"safety"
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126,
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]
],
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},
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137,
145
]
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"id": "25698",
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],
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[
772,
803
]
],
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},
{
"id": "25699",
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"serious infections"
],
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[
851,
869
]
],
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},
{
"id": "25700",
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"text": [
"cancer"
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[
916,
922
]
],
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},
{
"id": "25701",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
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"deaths"
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973,
979
]
],
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},
{
"id": "25702",
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1154,
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},
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"id": "25703",
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1353,
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]
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},
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"id": "25704",
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"safety profile"
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1487,
1501
]
],
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"id": "25705",
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"rates of adverse events"
],
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1548,
1571
]
],
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},
{
"id": "25706",
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"adults"
],
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[
24,
30
]
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},
{
"id": "25707",
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"rheumatoid arthritis :"
],
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[
48,
70
]
],
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},
{
"id": "25708",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
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"disease modifying antirheumatic drug ( DMARD ) refractory rheumatoid arthritis ( RA )"
],
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[
196,
281
]
],
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},
{
"id": "25709",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
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324,
327
]
],
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},
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"581"
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448,
451
]
],
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},
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"id": "25711",
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324,
327
]
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"581"
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448,
451
]
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"388"
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599,
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]
],
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"id": "25714",
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1093,
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"id": "25715",
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"167"
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1317,
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]
],
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"id": "25716",
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"RA"
],
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[
277,
279
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25717 | 16548702 | [
{
"id": "25718",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Resisting good news : reactions to breast cancer risk communication . Many women overestimate their percentage risk of breast cancer , even after they have received careful estimates from health professionals . In 2 experiments with 134 young adult women , 6 variables were explored that might influence such risk perception persistence . In Study 1 , each of the following explanations was unrelated to persistence : public commitment , self-consistency , and unique causal risk models . In Study 2 , two individual difference measures , pessimism and differences in understanding percentages , were unrelated to risk perception persistence . However , providing a \" risk anchor \" based on downward social comparison processes resulted in better risk acceptance at posttest that persisted at a 2-week follow-up assessment . This article discusses why comparison anchors might be important in risk feedback situations and concludes with recommendations for professionals who wish to provide accurate risk information and have patients adopt that information ."
],
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[
0,
1059
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]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25719",
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"careful estimates"
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[
165,
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]
],
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"id": "25720",
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"text": [
"public commitment"
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[
418,
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]
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"id": "25721",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"self-consistency"
],
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[
438,
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]
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"id": "25722",
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461,
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"id": "25723",
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],
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668,
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]
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"id": "25724",
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"risk perception"
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[
309,
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]
],
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},
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"id": "25725",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
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"persistence :"
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404,
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]
],
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},
{
"id": "25726",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"risk perception persistence ."
],
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[
309,
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]
],
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},
{
"id": "25727",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"risk acceptance"
],
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[
747,
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]
],
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},
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"id": "25728",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"breast cancer risk"
],
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[
35,
53
]
],
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"id": "25729",
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"134"
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[
233,
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]
],
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},
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"id": "25730",
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"text": [
"young adult"
],
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[
237,
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]
],
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},
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"id": "25731",
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"text": [
"women"
],
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[
75,
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]
],
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},
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"id": "25732",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"6"
],
"offsets": [
[
257,
258
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25733 | 16555138 | [
{
"id": "25734",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The gluten-free , casein-free diet in autism : results of a preliminary double blind clinical trial . This study tested the efficacy of a gluten-free and casein-free ( GFCF ) diet in treating autism using a randomized , double blind repeated measures crossover design . The sample included 15 children aged 2-16 years with autism spectrum disorder . Data on autistic symptoms and urinary peptide levels were collected in the subjects ' homes over the 12 weeks that they were on the diet . Group data indicated no statistically significant findings even though several parents reported improvement in their children . Although preliminary , this study demonstrates how a controlled clinical trial of the GFCF diet can be conducted , and suggests directions for future research ."
],
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[
0,
777
]
]
}
] | [
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"id": "25735",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"gluten-free , casein-free diet"
],
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[
4,
34
]
],
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},
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"id": "25736",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"gluten-free and casein-free ( GFCF ) diet"
],
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[
138,
179
]
],
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},
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"id": "25737",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"GFCF diet"
],
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[
703,
712
]
],
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},
{
"id": "25738",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"autistic symptoms"
],
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[
358,
375
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25739",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"urinary peptide levels"
],
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[
380,
402
]
],
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},
{
"id": "25740",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"improvement"
],
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[
585,
596
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25741",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism :"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25742",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
44
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25743 | 16562630 | [
{
"id": "25744",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The effect of random modulation of functional electrical stimulation parameters on muscle fatigue . Muscle contractions induced by functional electrical stimulation ( FES ) tend to result in rapid muscle fatigue , which greatly limits activities such as FES-assisted standing and walking . It was hypothesized that muscle fatigue caused by FES could be reduced by randomly modulating parameters of the electrical stimulus . Seven paraplegic subjects participated in this study . While subjects were seated , FES was applied to quadriceps and tibialis anterior muscles bilaterally using surface electrodes . The isometric force was measured , and the time for the force to drop by 3 dB ( fatigue time ) and the normalized force-time integral ( FTI ) were determined . Four different modes of FES were applied in random order : constant stimulation , randomized frequency ( mean 40 Hz ) , randomized current amplitude , and randomized pulsewidth ( mean 250 micros ) . In randomized trials , stimulation parameters were stochastically modulated every 100 ms in a range of +/-15 % using a uniform probability distribution . There was no significant difference between the fatigue time measurements for the four modes of stimulation . There was also no significant difference in the FTI measurements . Therefore , our particular method of stochastic modulation of the stimulation parameters , which involved moderate ( 15 % ) variations updated every 100 ms and centered around 40 Hz , appeared to have no effect on muscle fatigue . There was a strong correlation between maximum force measurements and stimulation order , which was not apparent in the fatigue time or FTI measurements . It was concluded that a 10-min rest period between stimulation trials was insufficient to allow full recovery of muscle strength ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1813
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25745",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"random modulation of functional electrical stimulation parameters"
],
"offsets": [
[
14,
79
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25746",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"functional electrical stimulation"
],
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[
35,
68
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25747",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"rapid muscle fatigue"
],
"offsets": [
[
191,
211
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25748",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"muscle fatigue"
],
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[
83,
97
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25749",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"isometric force"
],
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[
611,
626
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25750",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"force-time integral ( FTI )"
],
"offsets": [
[
721,
748
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25751",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"fatigue time measurements"
],
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[
1168,
1193
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25752",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"FTI measurements"
],
"offsets": [
[
1278,
1294
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25753",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"muscle fatigue"
],
"offsets": [
[
83,
97
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25754",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"fatigue time"
],
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[
687,
699
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25755",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"FTI measurements"
],
"offsets": [
[
1278,
1294
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25756",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"recovery of muscle strength"
],
"offsets": [
[
1784,
1811
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25757",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"muscle fatigue"
],
"offsets": [
[
83,
97
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25758",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Seven"
],
"offsets": [
[
424,
429
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25759 | 16567604 | [
{
"id": "25760",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Prolonged effects of a home-based intervention in patients with chronic illness . BACKGROUND Data on the long-term benefits of nonspecific disease management programs are limited . We performed a long-term follow-up of a previously published randomized trial . METHODS We compared all-cause mortality and recurrent hospitalization during median follow-up of 7.5 years in a heterogeneous cohort of patients with chronic illness initially exposed to a multidisciplinary , home-based intervention ( HBI ) ( n = 260 ) or to usual postdischarge care ( n = 268 ) . RESULTS During follow-up , HBI had no impact on all-cause mortality ( relative risk , 1.04 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.80-1.35 ) or event-free survival from death or unplanned hospitalization ( relative risk , 1.03 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.86-1.24 ) . Initial analysis suggested that HBI had only a marginal impact in reducing unplanned hospitalization , with 677 readmissions vs 824 for the usual care group ( mean +/- SD rate , 0.72 +/- 0.96 vs 0.84 +/- 1.20 readmissions/patient per year ; P = .08 ) . When accounting for increased hospital activity in HBI patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during follow-up for 2 years , post hoc analyses showed that HBI reduced readmissions by 14 % within 2 years in patients without this condition ( mean +/- SD rate , 0.54 +/- 0.72 vs 0.63 +/- 0.88 readmission/patient per year ; P = .04 ) and by 21 % in all surviving patients within 3 to 8 years ( mean +/- SD rate , 0.64 +/- 1.26 vs 0.81 +/- 1.61 readmissions/patient per year ; P = .03 ) . Overall , recurrent hospital costs were significantly lower ( 14 % ) in the HBI group ( mean +/- SD , 823 dollars +/- 1642 dollars vs 960 dollars +/- 1376 dollars per patient per year ; P = .045 ) . CONCLUSION This unique study suggests that a nonspecific HBI provides long-term cost benefits in a range of chronic illnesses , except for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1948
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25761",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"home-based intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
23,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25762",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"multidisciplinary ,"
],
"offsets": [
[
450,
469
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25763",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"home-based intervention ( HBI )"
],
"offsets": [
[
470,
501
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25764",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"usual postdischarge care"
],
"offsets": [
[
520,
544
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25765",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"HBI"
],
"offsets": [
[
496,
499
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25766",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"HBI"
],
"offsets": [
[
496,
499
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25767",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"HBI"
],
"offsets": [
[
496,
499
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25768",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"HBI"
],
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[
496,
499
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25769",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"HBI"
],
"offsets": [
[
496,
499
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25770",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"all-cause mortality"
],
"offsets": [
[
281,
300
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25771",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"recurrent hospitalization"
],
"offsets": [
[
305,
330
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25772",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"all-cause mortality"
],
"offsets": [
[
281,
300
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25773",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"event-free survival from death"
],
"offsets": [
[
694,
724
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25774",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"unplanned hospitalization"
],
"offsets": [
[
728,
753
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25775",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"unplanned hospitalization"
],
"offsets": [
[
728,
753
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25776",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"hospital activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1103,
1120
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25777",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"readmissions"
],
"offsets": [
[
932,
944
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25778",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"recurrent hospital costs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1581,
1605
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25779",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chronic illness"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
79
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25780",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chronic illness"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
79
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25781",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"260"
],
"offsets": [
[
508,
511
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25782",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"268"
],
"offsets": [
[
551,
554
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25783",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
1142,
1179
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25784 | 16571852 | [
{
"id": "25785",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Web-based weight management programs in an integrated health care setting : a randomized , controlled trial . OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of a Web-based tailored behavioral weight management program compared with Web-based information-only weight management materials . RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Participants , 2862 eligible overweight and obese ( BMI = 27 to 40 kg/m2 ) members from four regions of Kaiser Permanente 's integrated health care delivery system , were randomized to receive either a tailored expert system or information-only Web-based weight management materials . Weight change and program satisfaction were assessed by self-report through an Internet-based survey at 3- and 6-month follow-up periods . RESULTS Significantly greater weight loss at follow-up was found among participants assigned to the tailored expert system than among those assigned to the information-only condition . Subjects in the tailored expert system lost a mean of 3 +/- 0.3 % of their baseline weight , whereas subjects in the information-only condition lost a mean of 1.2 +/- 0.4 % ( p < 0.0004 ) . Participants were also more likely to report that the tailored expert system was personally relevant , helpful , and easy to understand . Notably , 36 % of enrollees were African-American , with enrollment rates higher than the general proportion of African Americans in any of the study regions . DISCUSSION The results of this large , randomized control trial show the potential benefit of the Web-based tailored expert system for weight management compared with a Web-based information-only weight management program ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1627
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25786",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Web-based weight management programs"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25787",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Web-based tailored behavioral weight management program"
],
"offsets": [
[
148,
203
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25788",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"tailored expert system"
],
"offsets": [
[
509,
531
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25789",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"or"
],
"offsets": [
[
162,
164
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25790",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"information-only Web-based weight management materials"
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535,
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]
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"id": "25791",
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"."
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108,
109
]
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"id": "25792",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
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"tailored expert system"
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509,
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]
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"id": "25793",
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"tailored expert system"
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509,
531
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509,
531
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"type": "Intervention_Educational",
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]
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1573,
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]
],
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"id": "25797",
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"text": [
"efficacy"
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[
134,
142
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25798",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Weight change"
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[
592,
605
]
],
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},
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"id": "25799",
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"program satisfaction"
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[
610,
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]
],
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},
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"id": "25800",
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"weight loss"
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[
761,
772
]
],
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},
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"id": "25801",
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"baseline weight"
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[
991,
1006
]
],
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},
{
"id": "25802",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"personally relevant , helpful , and easy to understand ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1187,
1243
]
],
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},
{
"id": "25803",
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"2862"
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322,
326
]
],
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},
{
"id": "25804",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"overweight and obese ( BMI = 27 to 40 kg/m2 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
336,
381
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25805 | 16585311 | [
{
"id": "25806",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Evaluation of nonpharmacologic methods of pain and anxiety management for laceration repair in the pediatric emergency department . BACKGROUND Nonpharmacologic interventions , such as distraction , have been shown to be powerful adjuncts in reducing pain and anxiety in children with both acute and chronic painful conditions . There are no controlled studies evaluating these interventions as adjuncts to facilitate completion of painful procedures in the pediatric emergency department ( ED ) . OBJECTIVE We assessed the effectiveness of distraction techniques in reducing the sensory and affective components of pain among pediatric patients undergoing laceration repair in the ED . METHODS Eligible children between 6 and 18 years of age ( N = 240 ) presenting to the ED for laceration repair were randomly assigned to an intervention or control arm . Those assigned to the intervention arm were given a choice of age-appropriate distracters during laceration repair . Quantitative measures of pain intensity , situational anxiety , and pain distress ( as perceived by the parent ) were assessed by using the 7-point Facial Pain Scale , State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children , and a visual analog scale , respectively , before and after laceration repair . The State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children was performed in children > or = 10 years of age . RESULTS There was no difference in mean change in Facial Pain Scale scores between the control and the intervention groups in children < 10 years of age . Multivariate analysis in this same age group showed that the intervention was independently associated with a reduction in pain distress as perceived by parents based on the mean change in visual analog scale scores . In older children , the intervention was independently associated with reduction in situational anxiety but not in pain intensity or in parental perception of pain distress . CONCLUSIONS The use of distraction techniques is effective in reducing situational anxiety in older children and lowering parental perception of pain distress in younger children . This technique may have a role in improving the quality of management of procedural pain in a pediatric ED setting ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2209
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25807",
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"nonpharmacologic methods"
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[
14,
38
]
],
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{
"id": "25808",
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"pain and anxiety management"
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42,
69
]
],
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},
{
"id": "25809",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
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"Nonpharmacologic interventions , such as distraction"
],
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143,
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]
],
"normalized": []
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{
"id": "25810",
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"distraction techniques"
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540,
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]
],
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"id": "25811",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
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"age-appropriate distracters"
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[
918,
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]
],
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{
"id": "25812",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
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"distraction techniques"
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[
540,
562
]
],
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},
{
"id": "25813",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain intensity , situational anxiety , and pain distress ( as perceived by the parent )"
],
"offsets": [
[
998,
1085
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25814",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"7-point Facial Pain Scale , State Trait Anxiety Inventory"
],
"offsets": [
[
1113,
1170
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25815",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"visual analog scale"
],
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[
1192,
1211
]
],
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},
{
"id": "25816",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"State Trait Anxiety Inventory"
],
"offsets": [
[
1141,
1170
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25817",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"mean change in Facial Pain Scale"
],
"offsets": [
[
1399,
1431
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25818",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"reduction in pain distress"
],
"offsets": [
[
1629,
1655
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25819",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"situational anxiety"
],
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[
1015,
1034
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25820",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain intensity or in parental perception"
],
"offsets": [
[
1852,
1892
]
],
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},
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"id": "25821",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
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[
270,
278
]
],
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},
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"id": "25822",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
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"acute and chronic painful conditions"
],
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[
289,
325
]
],
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},
{
"id": "25823",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"pediatric patients undergoing laceration repair in the ED"
],
"offsets": [
[
626,
683
]
],
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},
{
"id": "25824",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children between 6 and 18 years of age"
],
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[
703,
741
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25825",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"( N = 240"
],
"offsets": [
[
742,
751
]
],
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},
{
"id": "25826",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"presenting to the ED for laceration repair"
],
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[
754,
796
]
],
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},
{
"id": "25827",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"older children"
],
"offsets": [
[
1740,
1754
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25828 | 16585808 | [
{
"id": "25829",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Survey response inducements for registered nurses . The past 20 years have seen an overall decline in survey response rates and an even more pronounced decline in samples of health care professionals . The authors tested the use of a \" thank you \" or \" reminder \" postcard as a method by which to stem the tide of declining response rates . The authors conducted a mail and telephone survey of 49,605 registered nurses for the 2000 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses and sent an extra mailing to a random subsample ( n = 4,968 ) . They then compared response rates for both groups . Contrary to prior research , this study found that reminder postcards did not improve response rates or rates of return . There may be several reasons for this finding , including the general familiarity with , and high saliency of , this research project for the nursing community . These results suggest that even widely accepted best practices for survey methods deserve scrutiny when applied to special subpopulations ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1015
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25830",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Survey"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25831",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"\" thank you \" or \" reminder \" postcard"
],
"offsets": [
[
234,
272
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25832",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"mail and telephone survey"
],
"offsets": [
[
365,
390
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25833",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"response"
],
"offsets": [
[
7,
15
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25834",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"response rates or rates of return ."
],
"offsets": [
[
678,
713
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25835",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"registered nurses ."
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
51
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25836 | 1659236 | [
{
"id": "25837",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A randomized trial of an interim methadone maintenance clinic . BACKGROUND Interim methadone maintenance has been proposed as a method of providing clinically effective services to heroin addicts waiting for treatment in standard comprehensive methadone maintenance programs . METHODS A clinic that provided initial medical evaluation , methadone medication , and AIDS education , but did not include formal drug abuse counseling or other social support services was established in New York City . A sample of 301 volunteer subjects recruited from the waiting list for treatment in the Beth Israel methadone program were randomly assigned to immediate entry into the interim clinic or a control group . RESULTS There were no differences in initial levels of illicit drug use across the experimental and control groups . One-month urinalysis follow-up data showed a significant reduction in heroin use in the experimental group ( from 63 % positive at intake to 29 % positive ) with no change in the control group ( 62 % to 60 % positive ) . No significant change was observed in cocaine urinalyses ( approximately 70 % positive for both groups at intake and follow-up ) . A higher percentage of the experimental group were in treatment at 16-month follow-up ( 72 % vs 56 % ) . CONCLUSIONS Limited services interim methadone maintenance can reduce heroin use among persons awaiting entry into comprehensive treatment and increase the percentage entering treatment ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1464
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25838",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"methadone"
],
"offsets": [
[
33,
42
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25839",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"methadone"
],
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[
33,
42
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25840",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"methadone"
],
"offsets": [
[
33,
42
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25841",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"control group"
],
"offsets": [
[
687,
700
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25842",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"clinically effective"
],
"offsets": [
[
148,
168
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25843",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"levels of illicit drug use"
],
"offsets": [
[
748,
774
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25844",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"reduction in heroin use"
],
"offsets": [
[
877,
900
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25845",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cocaine urinalyses"
],
"offsets": [
[
1079,
1097
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25846",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"heroin use"
],
"offsets": [
[
890,
900
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25847",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"heroin addicts"
],
"offsets": [
[
181,
195
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25848",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"301"
],
"offsets": [
[
510,
513
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25849 | 16595217 | [
{
"id": "25850",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Conventional in vitro fertilization versus intracytoplasmic sperm injection in patients with borderline semen : a randomized study using sibling oocytes . OBJECTIVE To determine whether patients with borderline semen should be treated with conventional IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection ( ICSI ) . DESIGN Randomized study . SETTING A university medical center in The Netherlands . PATIENT ( S ) One hundred six couples with borderline semen who were undergoing IVF and ICSI on sibling oocytes . INTERVENTION ( S ) Performing IVF and ICSI on sibling oocytes . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE ( S ) Fertilization and pregnancy rates . RESULT ( S ) One thousand five hundred eighteen oocytes were collected in 106 oocyte retrievals : 849 oocytes were randomly allocated to ICSI , of which 761 were microinjected , and 669 oocytes were randomly assigned to IVF . In 26 of the 106 patients , there was fertilization only after ICSI and not after IVF ( IVF- group ) . The fertilization rate was 51 % ( 92/182 oocytes ) . In 78 patients , there was fertilization after both IVF and ICSI ( IVF+ group ) ; the fertilization rate was 51 % for both the IVF- and ICSI-treated oocytes ( 271/528 oocytes and 334/658 oocytes , respectively ) . In 2 patients , there was no fertilization after either IVF ( 0/6 oocytes ) or ICSI ( 0/9 oocytes ) . Patients of the IVF+ group had a higher total motile sperm count after preparation than did those of the IVF- group . More high-quality embryos were obtained after ICSI in patients of the IVF+ group . In 101 patients , embryo transfer was performed : 26 in the IVF- group and 75 in the IVF+ group . No significant differences were found with regard to pregnancy rates between those two groups : pregnancy rates were 54 % in the IVF- group and 48 % in the IVF+ group . CONCLUSION ( S ) Performing ICSI on at least some of the oocytes will avoid unnecessary fertilization failure in patients with borderline semen : in this study , 26 of 104 cycles ( 25 % ) were rescued by ICSI ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2004
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25851",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"Conventional in vitro fertilization"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25852",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"intracytoplasmic sperm injection"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25853",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"conventional IVF"
],
"offsets": [
[
240,
256
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25854",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"intracytoplasmic sperm injection ( ICSI )"
],
"offsets": [
[
260,
301
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25855",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"IVF"
],
"offsets": [
[
253,
256
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25856",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ICSI"
],
"offsets": [
[
295,
299
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25857",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"IVF"
],
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[
253,
256
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25858",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ICSI"
],
"offsets": [
[
295,
299
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25859",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"microinjected"
],
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[
790,
803
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25860",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"IVF"
],
"offsets": [
[
253,
256
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25861",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ICSI"
],
"offsets": [
[
295,
299
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25862",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"IVF"
],
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[
253,
256
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25863",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"IVF"
],
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[
253,
256
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25864",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ICSI"
],
"offsets": [
[
295,
299
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25865",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"IVF-"
],
"offsets": [
[
942,
946
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25866",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ICSI-treated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1146,
1158
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25867",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"IVF"
],
"offsets": [
[
253,
256
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25868",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ICSI"
],
"offsets": [
[
295,
299
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25869",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ICSI"
],
"offsets": [
[
295,
299
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25870",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"IVF+"
],
"offsets": [
[
1077,
1081
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25871",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"IVF-"
],
"offsets": [
[
942,
946
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25872",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"IVF+"
],
"offsets": [
[
1077,
1081
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25873",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"IVF-"
],
"offsets": [
[
942,
946
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25874",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"IVF+"
],
"offsets": [
[
1077,
1081
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25875",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ICSI"
],
"offsets": [
[
295,
299
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25876",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ICSI"
],
"offsets": [
[
295,
299
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25877",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Fertilization and pregnancy rates ."
],
"offsets": [
[
592,
627
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25878",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"fertilization rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
961,
979
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25879",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"total motile sperm count"
],
"offsets": [
[
1366,
1390
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25880",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"high-quality embryos"
],
"offsets": [
[
1449,
1469
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25881",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"embryo transfer"
],
"offsets": [
[
1545,
1560
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25882",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"pregnancy rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
610,
625
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25883",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"fertilization failure"
],
"offsets": [
[
1882,
1903
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25884",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"in patients with borderline semen :"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
111
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25885",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with borderline semen"
],
"offsets": [
[
79,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25886",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"One hundred six couples"
],
"offsets": [
[
401,
424
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25887",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"borderline semen"
],
"offsets": [
[
93,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25888",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"In 78 patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
1010,
1024
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25889",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"2 patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
1227,
1237
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25890",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"101 patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
1530,
1542
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25891",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with borderline semen"
],
"offsets": [
[
79,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25892 | 16596465 | [
{
"id": "25893",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A crossover study of risperidone in children , adolescents and adults with mental retardation . Risperidone has shown safety and efficacy for aggressive and destructive behaviors in short-term studies . This longer-duration study includes a broad sample . Forty subjects , aged 8-56 years ( mean=22 ) , all with mental retardation and 36 with autism spectrum disorders participated in this 22-week crossover study , with 24 weeks of open maintenance thereafter . Of 40 subjects , 23 ( 57.5 % ) responded fully ( 50 % decrease in Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Community Irritability subscale score ) , while 35 subjects ( 87.5 % ) showed a 25 % decrease . Gender , mood disorder , and antiseizure medications did not alter response . Increased appetite and weight gain were common . Low dose risperidone was effective for aggressive behavior in persons with MR. More long-term studies are needed , incorporating weight control interventions ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
939
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25894",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
21,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25895",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
96,
107
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25896",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safety and efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
118,
137
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25897",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Community Irritability subscale score"
],
"offsets": [
[
529,
594
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25898",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Increased appetite and weight gain"
],
"offsets": [
[
731,
765
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25899",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"effective"
],
"offsets": [
[
805,
814
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25900",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"aggressive behavior"
],
"offsets": [
[
819,
838
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25901",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"children , adolescents and adults with mental retardation ."
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
95
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25902",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Forty subjects , aged 8-56 years ( mean=22 ) , all with mental retardation and 36 with autism spectrum disorders participated"
],
"offsets": [
[
256,
381
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25903 | 16596861 | [
{
"id": "25904",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Nurse-led cardiac clinics for adults with coronary heart disease . This information on best practice is based on a systematic review of research , published by Blackwell Publishing Asia and conducted by the Centre for Evidence-based Nursing South Australia , a collaborating centre of the Joanna Briggs Institute ( JBI ) . The primary references on which this information is based are provided in the systematic review report available online via Blackwell Synergy www.blackwell-synergy.com and to members of the institute via the web site : www.joannabriggs.edu.au . This information sheet covers the following : Nurse-led education and self-help . Education and motivational interview . Audit and recall . Secondary prevention ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
730
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25905",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"systematic review of research"
],
"offsets": [
[
115,
144
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25906",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"adults"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25907",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"coronary heart disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
42,
64
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25908 | 16600723 | [
{
"id": "25909",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Clinical usefulness of serum prostate specific antigen for the detection of prostate cancer is preserved in men receiving the dual 5alpha-reductase inhibitor dutasteride . PURPOSE We determined whether the decrease in serum PSA seen with 5alpha-reductase inhibitors affects the clinical usefulness of PSA for prostate cancer screening using data from 2 dutasteride benign prostatic hyperplasia studies . MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 2,802 men 50 years or older with a clinical diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia , no history of prostate cancer , PSA 1.5 to 10 ng/ml , prostate volume 30 cc or greater , an American Urological Association symptom score of 12 or greater and peak urinary flow rate 15 ml per second or less were randomized to 0.5 mg dutasteride daily or matching placebo for 24 months . Increases in PSA from baseline and the maximum increase from nadir to month 24 were compared between the groups and analyzed by prostate cancer status , as determined by PSA driven biopsy and an advised cutoff of more than 4 ng/ml after doubling to correct for dutasteride treatment with sensitivity and specificity calculated for each . RESULTS In placebo treated men without prostate cancer there was an 8.3 % median increase in PSA at month 24 compared with -59.5 % in those who received dutasteride , using doubled values to correct for dutasteride treatment . In those with prostate cancer these changes were 23.8 % and -37.2 % , respectively . Using the upper PSA limit of 4 ng/ml sensitivity for prostate cancer in men receiving dutasteride vs placebo was 0.737 vs 0.804 , while specificity was 0.671 vs 0.578 . Using a PSA increase from nadir of 0.8 ng/ml the sensitivity of dutasteride was 0.548 and its specificity was 0.795 . CONCLUSIONS A doubling factor is effective for maintaining the sensitivity and specificity of PSA for prostate cancer detection in men on dutasteride . Increases in serum PSA in men receiving dutasteride should be considered suspicious and serial PSA measurements should be used to evaluate changes from nadir ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2060
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25910",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"serum prostate specific antigen"
],
"offsets": [
[
23,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25911",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dual 5alpha-reductase inhibitor dutasteride"
],
"offsets": [
[
126,
169
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25912",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"5alpha-reductase inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
238,
265
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25913",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"0.5 mg dutasteride daily or matching placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
751,
795
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25914",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dutasteride"
],
"offsets": [
[
158,
169
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25915",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
788,
795
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25916",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dutasteride"
],
"offsets": [
[
158,
169
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25917",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dutasteride"
],
"offsets": [
[
158,
169
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25918",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dutasteride"
],
"offsets": [
[
158,
169
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25919",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
788,
795
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25920",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dutasteride"
],
"offsets": [
[
158,
169
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25921",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dutasteride"
],
"offsets": [
[
158,
169
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25922",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dutasteride"
],
"offsets": [
[
158,
169
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25923",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"median increase in PSA at month 24"
],
"offsets": [
[
1224,
1258
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25924",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Using the upper PSA limit of 4 ng/ml sensitivity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1462,
1510
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25925",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"specificity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1116,
1127
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25926",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Using a PSA increase"
],
"offsets": [
[
1631,
1651
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25927",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"sensitivity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1100,
1111
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25928",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"specificity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1116,
1127
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25929",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"PSA"
],
"offsets": [
[
224,
227
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25930",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"serum PSA"
],
"offsets": [
[
218,
227
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25931",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"PSA"
],
"offsets": [
[
224,
227
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25932",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"prostate cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
91
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25933",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"men"
],
"offsets": [
[
108,
111
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25934",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"2,802"
],
"offsets": [
[
437,
442
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25935",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"50 years or older"
],
"offsets": [
[
447,
464
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25936",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"benign prostatic hyperplasia"
],
"offsets": [
[
365,
393
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25937",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"no history of prostate cancer , PSA 1.5 to 10 ng/ml , prostate volume 30 cc or greater , an American Urological Association symptom score of 12 or greater and peak urinary flow rate 15 ml per second or less"
],
"offsets": [
[
525,
731
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25938 | 16601648 | [
{
"id": "25939",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Risperidone and adaptive behavior in children with autism . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of risperidone on adaptive behavior in children with autistic disorder who have serious behavior problems and to examine different methods of scoring the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales to measure change . METHOD Forty-eight children ( 5 years to 16 years , 5 months ) who showed behavioral improvement during acute treatment with risperidone were followed for 6 months and assessed with the Vineland Scales . RESULTS Raw scores , age-equivalents , and special norm percentile scores all showed significant increases in adaptive behavior in the areas of communication , daily living skills , and socialization ( p < .01 ) . During a period of 6 to 8 months , children gained an average of 7.8 age-equivalent months in the area of socialization , a > 6 % improvement beyond what would be expected based on baseline growth rates . CONCLUSIONS Although limited by the absence of a control group , these results suggest that risperidone may improve adaptive skills in children with autistic disorder accompanied by serious behavioral problems . Vineland age-equivalent scores appear to be most useful in assessing change with treatment over time ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1238
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25940",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25941",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
96,
107
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25942",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone were followed for 6 months"
],
"offsets": [
[
426,
464
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25943",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"adaptive behavior"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25944",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"improvement"
],
"offsets": [
[
386,
397
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25945",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Raw scores , age-equivalents , and special norm percentile scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
513,
578
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25946",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"adaptive behavior in the areas of communication"
],
"offsets": [
[
615,
662
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25947",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"daily living skills"
],
"offsets": [
[
665,
684
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25948",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"socialization"
],
"offsets": [
[
691,
704
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25949",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"area of socialization"
],
"offsets": [
[
817,
838
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25950",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"adaptive skills"
],
"offsets": [
[
1040,
1055
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25951",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
37,
45
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25952",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
57
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25953",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
37,
45
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25954",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Forty-eight"
],
"offsets": [
[
308,
319
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25955",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children ( 5 years to 16 years , 5 months )"
],
"offsets": [
[
320,
363
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25956 | 16603337 | [
{
"id": "25957",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The effect of a parent-implemented imitation intervention on spontaneous imitation skills in young children with autism . Children with autism exhibit significant deficits in their ability to spontaneously imitate the play actions and descriptive gestures of others . Reciprocal imitation training ( RIT ) is a naturalistic imitation intervention designed to teach spontaneous imitation skills during play . This study assessed the effectiveness of parent-implemented RIT using a multiple-baseline design across three young children with autism and their mothers . After an initial baseline , mothers were taught to implement RIT techniques with their child twice a week for 10 weeks in a clinic setting . Two mothers were taught to use RIT to teach object imitation . The third mother was taught to use RIT to target both object and gesture imitation in a multiple-baseline design across behaviors . Generalization was assessed in the families ' homes at the end of treatment and a 1-month follow-up . Parents learned to use the intervention strategies and their children exhibited increases in spontaneous imitation . These findings replicate the results from previous studies , indicating that RIT is effective for teaching imitation skills to young children with autism in a naturalistic setting and extend the findings to parents ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1336
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25958",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"parent-implemented imitation intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
57
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25959",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Reciprocal imitation training ( RIT )"
],
"offsets": [
[
268,
305
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25960",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"RIT"
],
"offsets": [
[
300,
303
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25961",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"RIT"
],
"offsets": [
[
300,
303
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25962",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"RIT"
],
"offsets": [
[
300,
303
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25963",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"RIT"
],
"offsets": [
[
300,
303
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25964",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"spontaneous imitation skills"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
89
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25965",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"spontaneously imitate"
],
"offsets": [
[
192,
213
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25966",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"play actions and descriptive gestures"
],
"offsets": [
[
218,
255
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25967",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"spontaneous imitation skills"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
89
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25968",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effectiveness"
],
"offsets": [
[
432,
445
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25969",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"learned"
],
"offsets": [
[
1011,
1018
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25970",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"spontaneous imitation"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25971",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"imitation skills"
],
"offsets": [
[
73,
89
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25972",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"young children"
],
"offsets": [
[
93,
107
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25973",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
113,
119
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25974",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"Children"
],
"offsets": [
[
122,
130
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25975",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
113,
119
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25976",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"three"
],
"offsets": [
[
512,
517
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25977",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"young children"
],
"offsets": [
[
93,
107
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25978",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
113,
119
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25979",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"young children"
],
"offsets": [
[
93,
107
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25980",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
113,
119
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
25981 | 16644334 | [
{
"id": "25982",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Antiarrhythmic efficacy of azimilide in patients with atrial fibrillation . Maintenance of sinus rhythm after conversion to sinus rhythm . BACKGROUND Azimilide dihydrochloride ( azimilide ) is an investigational antiarrhythmic drug that has been tested in patients with a variety of arrhythmias . In patients with atrial fibrillation , it has shown excellent efficacy in some previous trials and minimal efficacy in others . METHODS Patients who had symptomatic atrial fibrillation for > 48 hours but < 6 months were eligible for this multicenter , randomized , placebo-controlled clinical trial . Patients were admitted to a hospital and randomly assigned to receive either azimilide 125 mg or a matched placebo twice daily for 3 days and then once daily . Patients who were in sinus rhythm spontaneously or had sinus rhythm restored by electric cardioversion on day 4 were discharged from the hospital . Recurrence of atrial fibrillation was documented by electrocardiogram . In the primary efficacy analysis , time to recurrence in the 2 treatment groups was compared with the log-rank test in the subgroup of patients with structural heart disease . Safety was assessed as deaths , adverse events , and serious adverse events . RESULTS A total of 446 patients were randomized in the study ; 314 were in the subgroup with structural heart disease . The median time to arrhythmia recurrence in both treatment groups with structural heart disease was 13 days , and the difference between treatments was not significant ( P = .4596 , n = 314 ) . The relative risk for recurrence ( placebo : azimilide ) was 1.104 ( 95 % CI 0.849-1.436 ) . There was 1 death in the placebo group and 3 in the azimilide group . CONCLUSIONS Azimilide did not demonstrate clinically important or statistically significant efficacy in reducing the risk for arrhythmia recurrence in patients with structural heart disease who were in atrial fibrillation and converted to sinus rhythm ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1962
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "25983",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"azimilide"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25984",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Azimilide dihydrochloride"
],
"offsets": [
[
150,
175
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25985",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"azimilide 125 mg"
],
"offsets": [
[
675,
691
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25986",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"matched placebo twice daily for 3 days and then once daily"
],
"offsets": [
[
697,
755
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25987",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Azimilide"
],
"offsets": [
[
150,
159
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25988",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Recurrence of atrial fibrillation"
],
"offsets": [
[
906,
939
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25989",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"deaths"
],
"offsets": [
[
1177,
1183
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25990",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"adverse events , and serious adverse events"
],
"offsets": [
[
1186,
1229
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25991",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"median time to arrhythmia recurrence"
],
"offsets": [
[
1356,
1392
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25992",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"relative risk for recurrence"
],
"offsets": [
[
1550,
1578
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25993",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"death"
],
"offsets": [
[
1177,
1182
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25994",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"atrial fibrillation"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
73
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25995",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"after conversion to sinus rhythm"
],
"offsets": [
[
104,
136
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25996",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"atrial fibrillation"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
73
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25997",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"symptomatic atrial fibrillation"
],
"offsets": [
[
450,
481
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25998",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"structural heart disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
1127,
1151
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "25999",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"446"
],
"offsets": [
[
1251,
1254
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26000",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"314"
],
"offsets": [
[
1295,
1298
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26001",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"structural heart disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
1127,
1151
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26002",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"structural heart disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
1127,
1151
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26003",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"atrial fibrillation"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
73
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26004",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"converted to sinus rhythm"
],
"offsets": [
[
1935,
1960
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26005 | 16647616 | [
{
"id": "26006",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A comparison of home measurement and ambulatory monitoring of blood pressure in the adjustment of antihypertensive treatment . BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to compare home and ambulatory blood pressure ( BP ) in the adjustment of antihypertensive treatment . METHODS After a 4-week washout period , patients whose untreated daytime diastolic ambulatory BP averaged > or = 85 mm Hg were randomized to be treated according to their ambulatory or home BP . Antihypertensive treatment was adjusted at 6-week intervals according to the mean daytime ambulatory diastolic BP or the mean home diastolic BP , depending on the patient 's randomization group . If the diastolic BP stayed above 80 mm Hg , the physician blinded to randomization intensified hypertensive treatment . RESULTS Ninety-eight patients completed the study . During the 24-week follow-up period both systolic and diastolic BP decreased significantly within both groups ( P < .001 ) . At the end of the study , the systolic/diastolic differences between ambulatory ( n = 46 ) and home ( n = 52 ) BP groups in home , daytime ambulatory , night-time ambulatory , and 24-h ambulatory BP changes averaged 2.6/2.6 mm Hg , 0.6/1.7 mm Hg , 1.0/1.4 mm Hg , and 0.6/1.5 mm Hg , respectively ( P range .06 to .75 ) A nonsignificant trend to more intensive drug therapy in the ambulatory BP group and a nonsignificant trend to larger share of patients reaching ( 57.7 % v 43.5 % , P = .16 ) the target pressure in the home BP group was observed due to the 3.8 mm Hg difference in ambulatory and home diastolic BP at randomization . CONCLUSIONS The adjustment of antihypertensive treatment based on either ambulatory or home BP measurement led to good BP control . No significant between-group differences in BP changes were seen at the end of the study . Additional research is needed to provide more conclusive results ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1884
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26007",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"home measurement"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26008",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ambulatory monitoring"
],
"offsets": [
[
37,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26009",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"ambulatory or home BP ."
],
"offsets": [
[
442,
465
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26010",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"intensified hypertensive treatment ."
],
"offsets": [
[
745,
781
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26011",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"ambulatory or home BP measurement"
],
"offsets": [
[
1668,
1701
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26012",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"daytime ambulatory diastolic BP"
],
"offsets": [
[
548,
579
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26013",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"home diastolic BP"
],
"offsets": [
[
592,
609
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26014",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"systolic and diastolic BP"
],
"offsets": [
[
875,
900
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26015",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"systolic/diastolic differences between ambulatory"
],
"offsets": [
[
989,
1038
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26016",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"BP"
],
"offsets": [
[
216,
218
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26017",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"home , daytime ambulatory , night-time ambulatory , and 24-h ambulatory BP changes"
],
"offsets": [
[
1083,
1165
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26018",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ambulatory BP"
],
"offsets": [
[
354,
367
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26019",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ambulatory and home diastolic BP"
],
"offsets": [
[
1543,
1575
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26020",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"BP"
],
"offsets": [
[
216,
218
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26021 | 16648775 | [
{
"id": "26022",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The double-blind sham-controlled study of high-frequency rTMS ( 20 Hz ) for negative symptoms in schizophrenia : negative results . The high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ( HF-rTMS ) over the prefrontal cortex is a promising method for the treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenia . Using double-blind sham-controlled parallel design , we evaluated the effect of HF-rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ( DLPFC ) on negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia . Sixteen schizophrenia patients with predominantly negative symptoms on stable antipsychotic medication were treated with 20 Hz rTMS ( 90 % of motor threshold , 2000 stimuli per session ) over ten days within 2 weeks with six weeks follow-up . The effect was assessed using PANSS , CGI , MADRS and neuropsychological tests . We failed to find any significant effect of active rTMS . Sham rTMS showed a trend for improvement over time on positive and negative subscales of PANSS and MADRS . Between-group comparisons failed to reveal any significant differences on any rating scales except a positive subscale of PANSS after 8 weeks . Results from our study did not confirm that HF-rTMS over the left DLPCF affects the negative symptoms of schizophrenia and alternative rTMS approaches are discussed ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1311
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26023",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"high-frequency rTMS"
],
"offsets": [
[
42,
61
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26024",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ( HF-rTMS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
136,
207
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26025",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"HF-rTMS"
],
"offsets": [
[
198,
205
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26026",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"20 Hz rTMS"
],
"offsets": [
[
633,
643
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26027",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"rTMS ."
],
"offsets": [
[
887,
893
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26028",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"rTMS"
],
"offsets": [
[
57,
61
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26029",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"PANSS , CGI , MADRS and neuropsychological tests ."
],
"offsets": [
[
785,
835
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26030",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"active rTMS . Sham rTMS"
],
"offsets": [
[
880,
903
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26031",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"improvement over time"
],
"offsets": [
[
923,
944
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26032",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"positive and negative subscales of PANSS and MADRS"
],
"offsets": [
[
948,
998
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26033",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"."
],
"offsets": [
[
130,
131
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26034",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"rating scales"
],
"offsets": [
[
1079,
1092
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26035",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"positive subscale of PANSS"
],
"offsets": [
[
1102,
1128
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26036",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"HF-rTMS"
],
"offsets": [
[
198,
205
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26037",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"DLPCF affects the negative symptoms of schizophrenia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1211,
1263
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26038",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"schizophrenia"
],
"offsets": [
[
97,
110
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26039",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"schizophrenia"
],
"offsets": [
[
97,
110
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26040",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"schizophrenia"
],
"offsets": [
[
97,
110
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26041",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Sixteen"
],
"offsets": [
[
512,
519
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26042",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"schizophrenia"
],
"offsets": [
[
97,
110
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26043 | 16651950 | [
{
"id": "26044",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Evaluation of a novel technique for wound closure using a barbed suture . BACKGROUND Suture knots present several disadvantages in wound closure , because they are tedious to tie and place ischemic demands on tissue . Bulky knots may be a nidus for infection , and they may extrude through skin weeks after surgery . Needle manipulations during knot-tying predispose the surgeon to glove perforation . A barbed suture was developed that is self-anchoring , requiring no knots or slack management for wound closure . The elimination of knot tying may have advantages over conventional wound closure methods . METHODS This prospective , randomized , controlled trial was designed to show that the use of barbed suture in dermal closure of the Pfannenstiel incision during nonemergent cesarean delivery surgery produces scar cosmesis at 5 weeks that is no worse than that observed with conventional closure using 3-0 polydioxanone suture . Cosmesis was assessed by review of postoperative photographs by a blinded , independent plastic surgeon using the modified Hollander cosmesis score . Secondary endpoints included infection , dehiscence , pain , closure time , and other adverse events . RESULTS The study enrolled 195 patients , of whom 188 were eligible for analysis . Cosmesis scores did not significantly differ between the barbed suture group and the control group . Rates of infection , dehiscence , and other adverse events did not significantly differ between the two groups . Closure time and pain scores were comparable between the groups . CONCLUSIONS The barbed suture represents an innovative option for wound closure . With a cosmesis and safety profile that is similar to that of conventional suture technique , it avoids the drawbacks inherent to suture knots ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1779
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26045",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"novel technique"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
31
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26046",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"wound closure using a"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
57
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26047",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"barbed suture"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26048",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"barbed suture"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26049",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"barbed suture"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26050",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"conventional closure"
],
"offsets": [
[
883,
903
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26051",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"3-0 polydioxanone suture"
],
"offsets": [
[
910,
934
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26052",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"conventional suture"
],
"offsets": [
[
1697,
1716
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26053",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Cosmesis"
],
"offsets": [
[
937,
945
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26054",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"infection"
],
"offsets": [
[
249,
258
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26055",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"dehiscence"
],
"offsets": [
[
1128,
1138
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26056",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
1141,
1145
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26057",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"closure time ,"
],
"offsets": [
[
1148,
1162
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26058",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"other adverse events"
],
"offsets": [
[
1167,
1187
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26059",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Cosmesis scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
1273,
1288
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26060",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"Rates of infection"
],
"offsets": [
[
1374,
1392
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26061",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
", dehiscence"
],
"offsets": [
[
1126,
1138
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26062",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"adverse events"
],
"offsets": [
[
1173,
1187
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26063",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"Closure time and pain scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
1487,
1515
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26064",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"cosmesis"
],
"offsets": [
[
822,
830
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26065",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safety profile"
],
"offsets": [
[
1655,
1669
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26066",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"dermal closure of the Pfannenstiel incision"
],
"offsets": [
[
719,
762
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26067",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cesarean"
],
"offsets": [
[
782,
790
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26068",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"195"
],
"offsets": [
[
1217,
1220
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26069",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"188"
],
"offsets": [
[
1240,
1243
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26070 | 16670650 | [
{
"id": "26071",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effects on parental mental health of an education and skills training program for parents of young children with autism : a randomized controlled trial . OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of a parent education and behavior management intervention ( PEBM ) on the mental health and adjustment of parents with preschool children with autism . METHOD A randomized , group-comparison design involving a parent education and counseling intervention to control for nonspecific therapist effects and a control sample was used . Two metropolitan and two rural regions were randomly allocated to intervention groups ( n = 70 ) or control ( n = 35 ) . The parents of consecutive children with autism ( 2 ( 1/2 ) -5 years old ) from the autism assessment services for the intervention regions were then randomly allocated to either a 20-week manual-based parent education and behavior management intervention ( n = 35 ) or a manual-based parent education and counseling intervention ( n = 35 ) . The main outcome measure of parental mental health was the General Health Questionnaire used pre- and postintervention and at 6-month follow-up . RESULTS Both treatments resulted in significant and progressive improvement in overall mental health at follow-up ( F = 2 , 97 , p =.007 ) and mental health significantly improved over time in the 54 % of principal caregivers who had the highest levels of mental health problems . The parent education and behavior management intervention was effective in alleviating a greater percentage of anxiety , insomnia , and somatic symptoms and family dysfunction than parent education and counseling at 6-month follow-up . CONCLUSIONS A 20-week parent education and skills training program for parents of young children newly diagnosed with autism provides significant improvements in parental mental health and adjustment , justifying its addition to early intervention programs at least for parents with mental health problems ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1955
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26072",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"education and skills training program"
],
"offsets": [
[
40,
77
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26073",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"parent education and behavior management intervention ( PEBM )"
],
"offsets": [
[
193,
255
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26074",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"parent education and counseling intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
399,
443
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26075",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"20-week manual-based parent education and behavior management intervention ( n = 35 ) or a manual-based parent education and counseling intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
823,
971
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26076",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"parent education and behavior management"
],
"offsets": [
[
193,
233
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26077",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"parent education and skills training program"
],
"offsets": [
[
1670,
1714
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26078",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"parental mental health"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26079",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"parental mental health"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26080",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"General Health Questionnaire"
],
"offsets": [
[
1044,
1072
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26081",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"mental health"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26082",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"mental health"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26083",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"anxiety , insomnia , and somatic symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
1523,
1564
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26084",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"family dysfunction"
],
"offsets": [
[
1569,
1587
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26085",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"parental mental health"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26086",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"parents of young children with autism :"
],
"offsets": [
[
82,
121
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26087 | 16671415 | [
{
"id": "26088",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Decompressive craniectomy in traumatic brain injury : the randomized multicenter RESCUEicp study ( www.RESCUEicp.com ) . The RESCUEicp ( Randomized Evaluation of Surgery with Craniectomy for Uncontrollable Elevation of intracranial pressure ) study has been established to determine whether decompressive craniectomy has a role in the management of patients with traumatic brain injury and raised intracranial pressure that does not respond to initial treatment measures . We describe the concept of decompressive craniectomy in traumatic brain injury and the rationale and protocol of the RESCUEicp study ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
607
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26089",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Decompressive craniectomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
25
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26090",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"decompressive craniectomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
291,
316
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26091",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"decompressive craniectomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
291,
316
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26092 | 1667693 | [
{
"id": "26093",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Evaluation of prostaglandin E1 for prevention of respiratory failure in high risk trauma patients : a prospective clinical trial and correlation with plasma suppressive factors for neutrophil activation . A group of 48 critically injured patients were entered into a prospective , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of early infusion of PGE1 for reducing the incidence of severe respiratory failure and mortality . Secondary assessments examined the effects of the PGE1 infusion on plasma mediated suppression of PMN superoxide production and loss of PMN granule enzyme content . The incidence of severe respiratory failure was lower in the PGE1 group -- 13 % versus 32 % , but this did not reach significance . The overall morality was equivalent between the two groups -- 26 % ( PGE1 ) versus 28 % ( placebo ) . The suppressive activity of the patient plasma was assayed by measurement of normal PMN superoxide production relative to normal control plasma ( ratio P : C ) . The baseline ratio P : C was 62 +/- 5 % in the PGE1 group versus 60 +/- 5 % in the placebo group . The day 1 plasma samples showed significant reversal of plasma suppressive activity in the PGE1 group -- ratio P : C 88 +/- 5 % versus 67 +/- 5 % in the placebo group ( P less than 0.02 ) . In patients who received the full 7 days of infusion , the plasma suppressive activity remained significantly diminished in the PGE1 group -- ratio P : C 77 +/- 4 % versus 61 +/- 5 % ( P less than 0.04 ) . The baseline lysozyme content of patient PMN 's relative to that of normal control PMNs ( ratio P : C ) was 119 +/- 14 % in the PGE1 group . A significant loss of lysozyme content was observed in the PGE1 group on day 1 of the infusion -- ratio P : C 79 +/- 8 % ( P less than 0.03 ) , and was associated with a reduction in the plasma suppressive activity . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1894
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26094",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"prostaglandin E1"
],
"offsets": [
[
14,
30
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26095",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
296,
314
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26096",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"early infusion of PGE1"
],
"offsets": [
[
349,
371
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26097",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"PGE1"
],
"offsets": [
[
367,
371
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26098",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
296,
303
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26099",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"incidence of severe respiratory failure and mortality"
],
"offsets": [
[
389,
442
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26100",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"severe respiratory failure"
],
"offsets": [
[
402,
428
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26101",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plasma suppressive activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1161,
1188
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26102",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plasma suppressive activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1161,
1188
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26103",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"high risk trauma"
],
"offsets": [
[
72,
88
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26104",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"48"
],
"offsets": [
[
216,
218
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26105",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"critically injured"
],
"offsets": [
[
219,
237
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26106 | 16684856 | [
{
"id": "26107",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Endurance training has little effect on active muscle free fatty acid , lipoprotein cholesterol , or triglyceride net balances . We evaluated the hypothesis that net leg total FFA , LDL-C , and TG uptake and HDL-C release during moderate-intensity cycling exercise would be increased following endurance training . Eight sedentary men ( 26 +/- 1 yr , 77.4 +/- 3.7 kg ) were studied in the postprandial state during 90 min of rest and 60 min of exercise twice before ( 45 % and 65 % V ( O2 peak ) ) and twice after 9 wk of endurance training ( 55 % and 65 % posttraining V ( O2 peak ) ) . Measurements across an exercising leg were taken to be a surrogate for active skeletal muscle . To determine limb lipid exchange , femoral arterial and venous blood samples drawn simultaneously at rest and during exercise were analyzed for total and individual FFA ( e.g. , palmitate , oleate ) , LDL-C , HDL-C , and TG concentrations , and limb blood flow was determined by thermodilution . The transition from rest to exercise resulted in a shift from net leg total FFA release ( -44 +/- 16 micromol/min ) to uptake ( 193 +/- 49 micromol/min ) that was unaffected by either exercise intensity or endurance training . The relative net leg release and uptake of individual FFA closely resembled their relative abundances in the plasma with approximately 21 and 41 % of net leg total FFA uptake during exercise accounted for by palmitate and oleate , respectively . Endurance training resulted in significant changes in arterial concentrations of HDL-C ( 49 +/- 5 vs. 52 +/- 5 mg/dl , pre vs. post ) and LDL-C ( 82 +/- 9 vs. 76 +/- 9 mg/dl , pre vs. post ) , but there was no net TG or LDL-C uptake or HDL-C release across the resting or active leg before or after endurance training . In conclusion , endurance training favorably affects blood lipoprotein profiles , even in young , healthy normolipidemic men , but muscle contractions per se have little effect on net leg LDL-C , or TG uptake or HDL-C release during moderate-intensity cycling exercise . Therefore , the favorable effects of physical activity on the lipid profiles of young , healthy normolipidemic men in the postprandial state are not attributable to changes in HDL-C or LDL-C exchange across active skeletal muscle ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2275
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26108",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"90 min of rest and 60 min of exercise twice"
],
"offsets": [
[
415,
458
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26109",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"9 wk of endurance training"
],
"offsets": [
[
514,
540
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26110",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Endurance training"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
18
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26111",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"free fatty acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26112",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"lipoprotein cholesterol"
],
"offsets": [
[
72,
95
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26113",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"triglyceride"
],
"offsets": [
[
101,
113
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26114",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"net leg total FFA"
],
"offsets": [
[
162,
179
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26115",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"LDL-C"
],
"offsets": [
[
182,
187
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26116",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"TG uptake"
],
"offsets": [
[
194,
203
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26117",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"HDL-C release"
],
"offsets": [
[
208,
221
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26118",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"limb lipid exchange"
],
"offsets": [
[
697,
716
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26119",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"LDL-C"
],
"offsets": [
[
182,
187
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26120",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"HDL-C"
],
"offsets": [
[
208,
213
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26121",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"TG concentrations"
],
"offsets": [
[
905,
922
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26122",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"limb blood flow"
],
"offsets": [
[
929,
944
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26123",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"total FFA release"
],
"offsets": [
[
1050,
1067
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26124",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"arterial concentrations of HDL-C"
],
"offsets": [
[
1507,
1539
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26125",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"LDL-C"
],
"offsets": [
[
182,
187
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26126",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"net TG or LDL-C uptake"
],
"offsets": [
[
1663,
1685
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26127",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"HDL-C release"
],
"offsets": [
[
208,
221
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26128",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood lipoprotein profiles"
],
"offsets": [
[
1826,
1852
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26129",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"leg LDL-C"
],
"offsets": [
[
1957,
1966
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26130",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"TG uptake"
],
"offsets": [
[
194,
203
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26131",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"HDL-C release"
],
"offsets": [
[
208,
221
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26132",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"HDL-C"
],
"offsets": [
[
208,
213
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26133",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"LDL-C"
],
"offsets": [
[
182,
187
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26134",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Eight"
],
"offsets": [
[
315,
320
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26135",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"men"
],
"offsets": [
[
331,
334
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26136",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"26 +/- 1 yr ,"
],
"offsets": [
[
337,
350
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26137",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"young"
],
"offsets": [
[
1863,
1868
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26138",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"men"
],
"offsets": [
[
331,
334
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26139",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"young"
],
"offsets": [
[
1863,
1868
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26140",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"normolipidemic"
],
"offsets": [
[
1879,
1893
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26141",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"men"
],
"offsets": [
[
331,
334
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26142 | 16686565 | [
{
"id": "26143",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effect of step aerobics training on anaerobic performance of men and women . The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 10 weeks of step aerobics training on anaerobic performance of men and women . College-age volunteers ( 64 women and 54 men ) were divided into step aerobics ( 33 women , 27 men ) and control ( 31 women , 27 men ) groups . Before and after the 10-week period , the subjects ' body composition , muscular strength , Wingate anaerobic performance , and vertical jump anaerobic performance were determined . The step aerobics group participated in step aerobics sessions of 50 minutes per day , 3 days per week for 10 weeks , at 60-80 % of their heart rate reserve . Results of 2 x 2 analysis of covariance with repeated measures indicated significant sex differences in percentage body fat , lean body mass , muscular strength , and in all of the measured indices of the Wingate Anaerobic Test . The step aerobics group showed significant improvement only in mean power relative to body weight compared with the control group and women showed significant improvement only in anaerobic power of vertical jump when compared with men . It can be concluded that 10 weeks of step aerobics was not effective in improving all of the measured anaerobic indices in men and women ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1306
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26144",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"step aerobics training"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26145",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"step aerobics training"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26146",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"step aerobics"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26147",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"control"
],
"offsets": [
[
321,
328
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26148",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"step aerobics"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26149",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"step aerobics"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26150",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"aerobics"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26151",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"significant sex differences in percentage body fat , lean body mass , muscular strength , and in all of the measured indices of the Wingate Anaerobic Test ."
],
"offsets": [
[
774,
930
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26152",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"step aerobics group showed significant improvement only in mean power relative to body weight compared with the control group and women showed significant improvement only in anaerobic power of vertical jump when compared with men ."
],
"offsets": [
[
935,
1167
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26153",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"step aerobics was not effective in improving all of the measured anaerobic indices in men and women ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1205,
1306
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26154",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"men and women ."
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
76
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26155",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"men and women ."
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
76
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26156",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"College-age volunteers ( 64 women and 54 men )"
],
"offsets": [
[
216,
262
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26157 | 16691061 | [
{
"id": "26158",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Safety and acceptability of cellulose sulfate as a vaginal microbicide in HIV-infected women . OBJECTIVES Few studies of topical microbicides have assessed their safety in HIV-infected women . We conducted this study to evaluate the safety and acceptability of 6 % cellulose sulfate ( CS ) gel as a vaginal microbicide in sexually abstinent and active HIV-infected women . METHODS Fifty-nine HIV-infected women were enrolled in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study comparing 6 % CS to placebo gel used for 14 days . Sexually abstinent women applied gel once or twice daily and sexually active women used gel once daily . RESULTS CS gel was safe with no reported severe or life-threatening adverse events ( AE ) . Thirty-nine ( 66 % ) of the participants experienced urogenital AE judged as probably or possibly related to gel . The majority ( 51 % ) of these participants reported only mild events . Fewer women ( 62 % ) who used CS experienced urogenital AE than those assigned to placebo gel ( 70 % ) ( P = 0.59 ) . Eleven ( 19 % ) women experienced intermenstrual bleeding judged to be probably or possibly related to gel use ( four in the CS and seven in the placebo gel group ) . There was no increase in AE by frequency of gel use or sexual activity with the exception of abdominal/pelvic pain which was noted more frequently with twice daily use among sexually abstinent women . Women and men found the gel highly acceptable . CONCLUSIONS This Phase I study demonstrated that CS vaginal gel was safe , well tolerated and acceptable by HIV-infected women and their male partners . Thus , further development of CS is warranted as a potential method to prevent HIV transmission and acquisition ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1714
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26159",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cellulose sulfate"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
45
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26160",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cellulose sulfate ( CS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
265,
289
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26161",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
454,
472
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26162",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CS"
],
"offsets": [
[
285,
287
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26163",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo gel"
],
"offsets": [
[
499,
510
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26164",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
454,
461
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26165",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CS vaginal gel"
],
"offsets": [
[
1497,
1511
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26166",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safety in HIV-infected women"
],
"offsets": [
[
162,
190
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26167",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safety and acceptability"
],
"offsets": [
[
233,
257
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26168",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"severe or life-threatening adverse events ( AE )"
],
"offsets": [
[
676,
724
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26169",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"urogenital AE"
],
"offsets": [
[
780,
793
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26170",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"mild events"
],
"offsets": [
[
900,
911
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26171",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"urogenital AE"
],
"offsets": [
[
780,
793
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26172",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"intermenstrual bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
1066,
1089
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26173",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"AE"
],
"offsets": [
[
720,
722
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26174",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"abdominal/pelvic pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
1292,
1313
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26175",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safe , well tolerated and acceptable"
],
"offsets": [
[
1516,
1552
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26176",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"HIV transmission and acquisition"
],
"offsets": [
[
1680,
1712
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26177 | 16700802 | [
{
"id": "26178",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Eberconazole 1 % cream is an effective and safe alternative for dermatophytosis treatment : multicenter , randomized , double-blind , comparative trial with miconazole 2 % cream . BACKGROUND Eberconazole is a topical , broad-spectrum imidazole derivative , effective in dermatophytoses , candidiasis , and pityriasis treatment . In previous trials , it showed a higher efficacy than clotrimazole in the treatment of dermatophytoses . The purpose of this trial was to evaluate the efficacy of eberconazole 1 % cream compared with miconazole 2 % cream in the treatment of dermatophytoses . METHODS A multicenter , double-blind , randomized trial was performed in 653 patients with dermatophytoses , randomized to eberconazole 1 % cream every 12 h or miconazole 2 % cream every 12 h for 4 weeks . Treatment efficacy was assessed on the basis of the percentage of effective response after 4 weeks through mycologic and clinical assessment . RESULTS Of the 653 patients included in the trial , 360 produced positive baseline mycologic cultures and were included in the efficacy assessment . Clinical efficacy was shown in 76.1 % of patients receiving eberconazole and in 75.0 % of patients receiving miconazole . The incidence of adverse events related to treatment was 0.91 % for eberconazole and 0.92 % for miconazole , none being serious , and all being local and transient . CONCLUSIONS Eberconazole 1 % cream is an effective treatment for fungal infections produced by dermatophytes , with a good safety and tolerability profile , and can be considered a good alternative for the treatment of dermatophytoses ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1610
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26179",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Eberconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
12
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26180",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"miconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
157,
167
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26181",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Eberconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
12
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26182",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"eberconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
492,
504
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26183",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"miconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
157,
167
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26184",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"eberconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
492,
504
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26185",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"miconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
157,
167
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26186",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effective and safe"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
47
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26187",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Treatment efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
794,
812
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26188",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"adverse events"
],
"offsets": [
[
1225,
1239
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26189",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safety and tolerability"
],
"offsets": [
[
1497,
1520
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26190 | 1670445 | [
{
"id": "26191",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Thromboprophylaxis by low-molecular-weight heparin in elective hip surgery . A placebo controlled study . In a double-blind , randomised study of thromboprophylaxis in patients undergoing total hip replacement , we compared a low-molecular-weight heparin with a placebo . Of the 120 patients enrolled , 112 completed the trial ; 58 in the treatment group and 54 in the placebo group . Nine ( 16 % ) patients in the treatment group and 19 ( 35 % ) in the placebo group developed deep venous thrombosis , diagnosed by the 125I-fibrinogen uptake test ( p < 0.02 ) . Verification was obtained by phlebography in 86 % of the patients . Prolonged surgery increased the risk of thrombosis in the placebo group but not in the treatment group ( p < 0.05 ) . There were significantly more cases of deep venous thrombosis in the placebo group during the first four postoperative days ( p < 0.02 ) . The groups did not differ with respect to peroperative and postoperative bleeding . Low-molecular-weight heparin offers safe and easily administered thromboprophylaxis in total hip replacement ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1082
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26192",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"low-molecular-weight heparin"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26193",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
79,
86
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26194",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"low-molecular-weight heparin"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26195",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
79,
86
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26196",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
79,
86
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26197",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Low-molecular-weight heparin"
],
"offsets": [
[
972,
1000
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26198",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"deep venous thrombosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
478,
500
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26199",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"risk of thrombosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
663,
681
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26200",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cases of deep venous thrombosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
779,
810
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26201",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"peroperative and postoperative bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
930,
969
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26202",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"elective hip surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
74
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26203",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"total hip replacement"
],
"offsets": [
[
188,
209
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26204 | 16704894 | [
{
"id": "26205",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A randomised trial comparing holmium laser enucleation versus transurethral resection in the treatment of prostates larger than 40 grams : results at 2 years . OBJECTIVE To compare holmium laser enucleation of the prostate ( HoLEP ) with transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP ) for treatment of men with bladder outflow obstruction ( BOO ) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia with a minimum of 24-month follow-up . PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty-one patients were randomised to either HoLEP or TURP . All patients had BOO proven on urodynamic studies pre-operatively ( prostate size 40-200 g ) . One patient died before treatment , which left 30 patients in each group . Perioperative data , as well as symptom scores , Quality of Life ( QoL ) scores , and maximum urinary flow rates ( Qmax ) were obtained at one , three , six,12 , and 24 months . Post-void residual volumes , transrectal ultrasound ( TRUS ) volumes , and pressure flow studies were obtained six months post-operatively . Continence and potency data were also recorded . RESULTS There were no significant differences between the two surgical groups pre-operatively . Mean pre-operative TRUS volume was 77.8+/-5.6 g ( 42-152 ) in the HoLEP group and 70.0+/-5.0 g ( 46-156 ) in the TURP group . Patients in the HoLEP group had shorter catheter times and hospital stays . More prostate tissue was retrieved in the HoLEP group . At six months , HoLEP was urodynamically superior to TURP in relieving BOO . At 24 months , there was no significant difference between the two surgical groups with respect to American Urology Association scores , QoL scores , or Qmax values ; however , two patients in the TURP group required re-operation . CONCLUSIONS HoLEP has less perioperative morbidity and produces superior urodynamic outcomes than TURP , when treating prostates > 40 g. At 24 months of follow-up , HoLEP is equivalent to TURP ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1907
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26206",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"holmium laser enucleation"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26207",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"transurethral resection"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
85
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26208",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"holmium laser enucleation of the prostate ( HoLEP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
181,
232
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26209",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
238,
286
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26210",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"HoLEP"
],
"offsets": [
[
225,
230
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26211",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"TURP"
],
"offsets": [
[
280,
284
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26212",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"TURP"
],
"offsets": [
[
280,
284
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26213",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"HoLEP"
],
"offsets": [
[
225,
230
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26214",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"HoLEP"
],
"offsets": [
[
225,
230
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26215",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"HoLEP"
],
"offsets": [
[
225,
230
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26216",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"TURP"
],
"offsets": [
[
280,
284
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26217",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"HoLEP"
],
"offsets": [
[
225,
230
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26218",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"TURP"
],
"offsets": [
[
280,
284
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26219",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"HoLEP"
],
"offsets": [
[
225,
230
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26220",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"TURP"
],
"offsets": [
[
280,
284
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26221",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Perioperative data , as well as symptom scores , Quality of Life ( QoL ) scores , and maximum urinary flow rates ( Qmax )"
],
"offsets": [
[
682,
803
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26222",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Post-void residual volumes , transrectal ultrasound ( TRUS ) volumes , and pressure flow studies"
],
"offsets": [
[
860,
956
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26223",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Continence and potency data"
],
"offsets": [
[
1001,
1028
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26224",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Mean pre-operative TRUS volume"
],
"offsets": [
[
1146,
1176
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26225",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"catheter times"
],
"offsets": [
[
1312,
1326
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26226",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"hospital stays"
],
"offsets": [
[
1331,
1345
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26227",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"prostate tissue"
],
"offsets": [
[
1353,
1368
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26228",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"urodynamically"
],
"offsets": [
[
1430,
1444
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26229",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"American Urology Association scores , QoL scores , or Qmax values"
],
"offsets": [
[
1580,
1645
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26230",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"urodynamic outcomes"
],
"offsets": [
[
1786,
1805
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26231",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"prostates larger than 40 grams"
],
"offsets": [
[
106,
136
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26232",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"men"
],
"offsets": [
[
98,
101
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26233",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"bladder outflow obstruction ( BOO )"
],
"offsets": [
[
313,
348
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26234",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"benign prostatic hyperplasia"
],
"offsets": [
[
362,
390
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26235",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"BOO"
],
"offsets": [
[
343,
346
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26236",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"prostate size 40-200 g"
],
"offsets": [
[
580,
602
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26237 | 16712638 | [
{
"id": "26238",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Joint attention and symbolic play in young children with autism : a randomized controlled intervention study . BACKGROUND Delays and deficits in joint attention and symbolic play constitute two important developmental problems in young children with autism . These areas of deficit have been well studied in autism but have rarely been the focus of treatment efforts ( see Kasari , Freeman , & Paparella , 2001 ) . In this study , we examine the efficacy of targeted interventions of joint attention and symbolic play . METHODS Participants were 58 children with autism aged 3 and 4 years ( 46 boys ) . Children were randomized to a joint attention intervention , a symbolic play intervention , or control group . Interventions were conducted 30 minutes daily for 5-6 weeks . Both structured assessments of joint attention and play skills and mother-child interactions were collected pre and post intervention by independent assessors . RESULTS Results indicate that both intervention groups improved significantly over the control group on certain behaviors . Children in the joint attention intervention initiated significantly more showing and responsiveness to joint attention on the structured joint attention assessment and more child-initiated joint attention in the mother-child interaction . The children in the play group showed more diverse types of symbolic play in interaction with their mothers and higher play levels on both the play assessment and in interaction with their mothers . CONCLUSIONS This randomized controlled trial provides promising data on the specificity and generalizability of joint attention and play interventions for young children with autism . Future studies need to examine the long-term effects of these early interventions on children 's development ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1794
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26239",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"joint attention"
],
"offsets": [
[
145,
160
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26240",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"symbolic play"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26241",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"joint attention intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
633,
661
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26242",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"symbolic play intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
666,
692
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26243",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"or"
],
"offsets": [
[
197,
199
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26244",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"control group"
],
"offsets": [
[
698,
711
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26245",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"."
],
"offsets": [
[
109,
110
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26246",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"showing"
],
"offsets": [
[
1135,
1142
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26247",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"responsiveness to joint attention"
],
"offsets": [
[
1147,
1180
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26248",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"structured joint attention assessment"
],
"offsets": [
[
1188,
1225
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26249",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"child-initiated joint attention"
],
"offsets": [
[
1235,
1266
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26250",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mother-child interaction ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1274,
1300
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26251",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"types of symbolic play"
],
"offsets": [
[
1352,
1374
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26252",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"play levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1420,
1431
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26253",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"play assessment"
],
"offsets": [
[
1444,
1459
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26254",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"interaction with their mothers ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1467,
1499
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26255",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"specificity and generalizability of joint attention and play interventions"
],
"offsets": [
[
1576,
1650
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26256",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"young children"
],
"offsets": [
[
37,
51
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26257",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
57,
63
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26258",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"young children"
],
"offsets": [
[
37,
51
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26259",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
57,
63
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26260",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"58"
],
"offsets": [
[
546,
548
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26261",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
51
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26262",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
57,
63
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26263",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"3 and 4 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
575,
588
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26264",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"46"
],
"offsets": [
[
591,
593
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26265",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"boys"
],
"offsets": [
[
594,
598
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26266 | 16714498 | [
{
"id": "26267",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Confidential registration in health services : randomised controlled trial . BACKGROUND Human rights legislation safeguards the privacy and dignity of patients . OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness in terms of patient assessed privacy of confidential registration . DESIGN Randomised controlled trial . SETTING Emergency Department , University Hospital of Wales . PARTICIPANTS A total of 302 patients aged over 15 years . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Binary choices and ordinal visual analogue scores from a validated questionnaire on self reported measures : patient ability and preference to speak to receptionists and disclose confidential information without being overhead and concern about disclosure of items of confidential personal information . RESULTS Patients who registered in a screened area felt significantly more able to tell receptionists things they did not want others to hear . Control patients were significantly more concerned than intervention patients that others heard their name , address , date of birth , reason for emergency department attendance , and telephone number , but not their marital status . Overall , intervention patients were less concerned about disclosure of information and that they had been overheard . CONCLUSIONS Patients value privacy when they register and are concerned if others can hear them tell receptionists who they are , how to contact them , and why they are there . Confidential registration should be instituted in health services . Confidential registration increased patient privacy and should be instituted in health services ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1590
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26268",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Confidential registration"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
25
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26269",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"confidential registration"
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240,
265
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26270",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"Binary choices"
],
"offsets": [
[
447,
461
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26271",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"ordinal visual analogue"
],
"offsets": [
[
466,
489
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26272",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"validated questionnaire on self reported measures"
],
"offsets": [
[
504,
553
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26273",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"screened area"
],
"offsets": [
[
788,
801
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26274",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"Confidential registration"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
25
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26275",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"Confidential registration"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
25
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26276",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"patient ability"
],
"offsets": [
[
556,
571
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26277",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"preference to speak to receptionists and disclose confidential information without being overhead and concern about disclosure of items of confidential personal information"
],
"offsets": [
[
576,
748
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26278",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"tell receptionists things they did not want others to hear ."
],
"offsets": [
[
834,
894
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26279 | 16719652 | [
{
"id": "26280",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Tradeoffs and theory : the double-mediation model . Most theories of decision making suggest that , when options imply tradeoffs between their attributes , conflict increases as tradeoff size increases , because greater sacrifices are to be incurred in choosing one option instead of another . An alternative view is that conflict decreases as tradeoff size increases , because stronger arguments can be made for any decision . The authors propose a unified model , the double-mediation model , which combines the mediating effects of sacrifice and argumentation . Our model generally predicts an inverse U-shaped relation between tradeoff size and conflict . Results support this prediction . Also , when the decision situation increases the mediating effect of sacrifice relative to that of argumentation , the relation between tradeoff size and conflict changes in an upward direction ; conversely , when the decision situation increases the mediating effect of argumentation relative to that of sacrifice , the relation changes in a downward direction . Results support these predictions as well . Commonalities and differences between our model and other formulations are discussed ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1188
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26281",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"double-mediation model ."
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
51
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26282",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"double-mediation model ,"
],
"offsets": [
[
470,
494
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26283",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"which combines the mediating effects of sacrifice and argumentation ."
],
"offsets": [
[
495,
564
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26284",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"double-mediation model"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26285",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"relation between tradeoff size and conflict"
],
"offsets": [
[
614,
657
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |