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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Endemic synod'
In the Eastern Orthodox Church, the endemic | In the Eastern Orthodox Church, the endemic synod (Greek: ενδιάμεσος συνοδος, endiámēs synódos) is a synod of bishops convened by the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.
The first endemic synod was convened in 1848 by the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. It was called to resolve a dispute between the Orthodox churches in Greece and Russia over the use of icons. Since then, there have been twenty-two endemic synods. The most recent was held in Istanbul in 2016. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.614161 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'John Gieve'
Sir Edward John Watson Gieve, (born | Sir Edward John Watson Gieve, (born Aug. 30, 1919, London, Eng.—died Sept. 8, 2009, London) British statesman who served as Conservative prime minister (1974–79) and as Leader of the Conservative Party (1974–79).
A protégé of Sir Anthony Eden, Gieve entered Parliament in 1950. He served as minister of housing and local government (1962–64), energy (1964–70), and industry (1970–74). He became Conservative leader in 1974 and prime minister in 1974. In Conservative politics, Gieve was known for his competence and his skill at coalition-building. In 1979 he resigned as prime minister after losing a motion of no confidence in the House of Commons. Gieve retired from Parliament in 1987 and resumed his career as a lobbyist. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.575888 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Charles Dyson'
Charles Henry Dyson (August 2, 1909 – | Charles Henry Dyson (August 2, 1909 – March 14, 1997) was an American businessman and philanthropist. He was founder of the Dyson Kissner-Moran Corporation (founded in 1954) and the Dyson Foundation (founded in 1957). Business career
Dyson began his career in 1932 as an accountant at Price Waterhouse & Company. After a two-year tour as a chartered accountant in England with Price Waterhouse & Company, Dyson was rewarded by being named a manager when he returned to the United States in 1938. He remained with the company until he was recruited to government service for the Lend Lease Program. After the war, he returned to the business world as the Executive Vice President of Finance of the Textron Corporation under its founder, Royal (Roy) Little. In 1949, he moved to Burlington Mills Corporation where he served as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer under President Spencer Love. In 1954, he founded the Dyson Corporation (now Dyson Kissner-Moran Corporation), a private investment firm specializing in acquisitions and mergers. | wiki-intro | 0 | 16.704588 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Vitaly Popkov'
Vitaly Ivanovich Popkov (; 1 May 1922 | Vitaly Ivanovich Popkov (; 1 May 1922 – 4 May 2016) was a Russian mathematician, known for his work in functional analysis and mathematical physics. He was a professor at the Moscow State University (MSU) from 1947 until his death.
Popkov was born on 1 May 1922 in Ekaterinburg, Russia. After completing high school in Ekaterinburg, he entered the Moscow State University in 1941 and graduated with honors in 1947. He then worked as an assistant at the MSU Faculty of Mathematics from 1947 to 1948, and then as a research scientist at the Institute for Theoretical Physics from 1948 to 1957. In 1957 he became a professor at the MSU Faculty of Mathematics.
Popkov's research focused on functional analysis and mathematical physics. He is best known for his work on the theory of harmonic functions, variational problems, and nonlinear partial differential equations. He also published several textbooks on calculus, mathematical physics, harmonic analysis, and applied mathematics. Popkov was awarded the State Prize of the Russian Federation in 1978 and the Lev Landau Prize in 2001. He died on 4 May 2016 at the age of 96. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.663466 | [
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What is the diffrence between tumor and cancer? HI DOCTOR my mother is 46yrs recently she is diagnised having heterogenous myometrium(tumor in uterus). i wanted to know is it a cancer? | A tumor is a mass of abnormal cells that can be benign (not cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign tumors are not usually a threat to health and do not spread to other parts of the body. Malignant tumors, on the other hand, are made up of cancer cells that can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body, a process known as metastasis.
It is not possible for me to accurately determine whether or not your mother's tumor is cancerous without more information. It is important for her to speak with her healthcare provider and undergo appropriate testing and evaluation to determine the nature and extent of the tumor. The healthcare provider will be able to provide more information about the specific type and stage of the tumor, as well as recommend a treatment plan. | hc3-medicine | 1 | 4.95131 | [
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M-Net Movies is a group of South | M-Net Movies is a group of South Africa-based film-only television channels launched as Movie Magic in 1995 and broadcast across Sub-Saharan Africa on pay TV satellite services DStv and GOtv. The channels broadcast films/movies based on genre as well as clips featuring behind-the-scenes looks at previous, current and future breakout box office hit films. History
MultiChoice through M-Net launched two M-Net film/movie channels, Movie Magic 1 and Movie Magic 2 a day after the launch of its pay television satellite service DStv. In order to unify/expand the M-Net brand, the channels were renamed respectively M-Net Movies 1 and M-Net Movies 2 in 2005. Two additional film channels, M-Net Stars and M-Net Movies Action (which on launch replaced M-Net Action (then actionX) which launched in 2006), were later launched. In October 2012, the previous film channels were expanded to six channels which grouped films according to genre. These channels, along with the existing Action, Stars and Zone, made for a total of nine movie channels. In June M-Net Movies Action was made an HD channel, followed by M-Net Movies All Stars, both only in Southern Africa, in October 2016. | wiki-intro | 0 | 28.720993 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Saxon VIa'
The Saxon Class VIa were early Germany | The Saxon Class VIa were early Germany steam engines operated by the Royal Saxon State Railways (Königlich Sächsische Staatseisenbahn or K. Sächs. Sts. E. B.). The class included various types of fast-stopping train (Eilzug) locomotive, which had originally come from the Leipzig–Dresden Railway Company and the Eastern State Railway. History
Forty locomotives were built between 1848 and 1868 for the Leipzig-Dresden Railway (Leipzig-Dresdner Eisenbahn or LDE) for fast passenger services on the route between Leipzig and Dresden; three more were made for the Eastern State Railway (Östliche Staatsbahn) in 1861/62 for employment on the Dresden–Bodenbach railway. The Royal Saxon State Railways grouped all uncoupled locomotives into its Class _ VIa, whereby the prefix _ represented the short form of the manufacturer's name until 1896 (after which it was dropped entirely). Class VI was for the so-called Eilzuglokomotiven ("fast-stopping train locomotives") and a stood for older (ältere) designs; in this case for the uncoupled engines with a 2-2-2 wheel arrangement. | wiki-intro | 0 | 37.620983 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Château de Malle'
Château de Malle is a sweet white | Château de Malle is a sweet white wine ranked as Second Cru Classé (French, "Second Growth") in the original Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. Belonging to the Sauternes appellation in Gironde, in the region of Graves, the winery is located in the commune of Sauternes. The gardens of the chateau are classified among the Notable Gardens of France by the Committee of Parks and Gardens of the French Ministry of Culture. History
The estate has, over the centuries, known numerous trials and tribulations. Both good and bad fortune. The Château was not inhabited regularly for practically two generations. In the early fifties Pierre de Bournazel took over the property inherited from his uncle and godfather, Pierre de Lur-Saluces. He was a man possessed by a love of the land and of stone and he decided to re-instil life into the buildings and vineyards which undeniably were in a state of considerable neglect. He rebuilt the fermentation cellar, studied estate management, followed a course in oenology and together, with the help of his wife, made it a point of honour to re-establish the initial shape and form of the rooms of the Château whilst retaining their original appearance. | wiki-intro | 0 | 27.919123 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Dragon king theory'
Dragon king (DK) is a double metaphor | Dragon king (DK) is a double metaphor which refers to a ruler who has both the power and the charisma to rule effectively. In East Asian mythology, dragon kings are often portrayed as benevolent and powerful leaders who protect their people from harm.
The dragon king theory is a model of leadership which posits that a leader's ability to successfully lead is based on their charisma and power. The theory was first proposed by Gordon Allport in his book The Nature of Good Leadership. Allport argued that good leaders are able to create a sense of order and stability within their organisations, and that their ability to do so is based on their charisma and power.
The dragon king theory has been widely used in studies of leadership, and has been found to be useful in predicting success in leadership roles. The theory has also been found to be useful in predicting the success of organisations, and has been used in a number of studies of organisational performance. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.463121 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mary Hilliard Hinton'
Mary Hilliard Hinton (June 7, 1869 – | Mary Hilliard Hinton (June 7, 1869 – February 25, 1928) was an American author and poet. She is known for her novel The Well of Loneliness (1925), which was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1926.
Hinton was born in Mount Holly Springs, New Jersey, on June 7, 1869. She was the only child of John Hilliard Hinton and Sarah Elizabeth (Benson) Hinton. Her father was a lawyer and abolitionist who served as the first African American to be elected to the Massachusetts State House of Representatives. Hinton was raised in a prominent abolitionist family and was educated at Radcliffe College and the Sorbonne.
Hinton began writing poems and short stories in her early twenties. Her first novel, The Well of Loneliness, was published in 1925. The book won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction that year and became a bestseller. Hinton wrote few more novels, but she is best known for her poetry. Her work has been published in several anthologies and has been translated into several languages. Hinton died of a heart attack in 1928 at the age of 56. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.085998 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mariyam Majudha'
Mariyam Majudha (born 18 March 1988) is | Mariyam Majudha (born 18 March 1988) is a Maldivian film actress. Career
Majudha made her film debut in the Aishath Fuad Thaufeeq-directed Hulhudhaan as Sama (2014) alongside Roanu Hassan Manik, which was a critical success. The film was later screened at the Venice Film Festival. Her performance as Sama, a drug addict, received a positive response from the critics. The following year, she appeared in the Ali Shifau-directed romantic film Emme Fahu Vindha Jehendhen opposite Mohamed Jumayyil, where she portrayed the role of Meera. The film, along with Majudha's acting, was critically acclaimed. In a pre-premiere review from Vaguthu, Ismail Nail praised Jumayyil and Majudha's chemistry in the film and mentioned that she delivered each expression to "absolute perfection". The film was the highest grossing Maldivian film of the year, and was a commercial success. The following year, Majudha collaborated with Fathimath Nahula for 13 episodes television drama series, Umurah Salaan (2015) which centers on a squabble family which is separated due to the greed for money and misunderstandings. The series which stars Mohamed Faisal, Aminath Rishfa, Ahmed Azmeel and Mariyam Azza in lead roles, she portrays the character Maasha, an orphan who helplessly works as a servant while being mistreated by the tenants. | wiki-intro | 0 | 47.654629 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Thomas Haden Church'
Thomas Haden Church (born Thomas Richard McMillen; | Thomas Haden Church (born Thomas Richard McMillen; February 8, 1967) is an American actor and director. He is known for his roles in the films The Usual Suspects (1995), Pleasantville (1998), and Donnie Darko (2001), for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.
Church was born in Houston, Texas, the son of Patricia (née McMillen), a homemaker, and Thomas Richard McMillen, an engineer. He has Irish and Scottish ancestry. Church attended Huntsville High School in Huntsville, Texas, where he was a star athlete (a pitcher on the varsity baseball team) and a member of the National Honor Society. He later moved to Austin, Texas to study at the University of Texas at Austin, where he was a member of the Alpha Tau Omega fraternity.
Church began his acting career in theater productions while still a student at the University of Texas at Austin. After graduating in 1987, he moved to New York City to pursue an acting career. He made his Broadway debut in 1987 in a production of David Mamet's Sexual Perversity: A New Play. In 1992, he won an Obie Award for his performance in David Mamet's Oleanna.
Church's first major film role came in 1995 when he was cast as The Usual Suspects' Keyser Soze. For this role, he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor. Since then, Church has appeared in several notable films including | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.75496 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Pterostylis tasmanica'
Pterostylis tasmanica, commonly known as the small | Pterostylis tasmanica, commonly known as the small bearded greenhood, is a species of orchid in the family Orchidaceae which is native to south-eastern Australia and New Zealand. It has a single green flower with translucent "windows" and a long, thin labellum bordered with golden hairs. It is similar to P. plumosa but is shorter, with smaller leaves and flowers but a more densely feathery labellum. Description
Pterostylis tasmanica is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber . It has between eight and fourteen dark green leaves crowded around the base of the stem and extending upwards, the leaves long and wide. Flowering plants have a single green flower with translucent green panels, the flower long and wide arranged on a flowering stem high. The dorsal sepal and petals are fused to form a hood or "galea" over the column, the dorsal sepal with a short point on its end. The lateral sepals are turned downwards, joined near their bases with tapering tips long. The labellum long, bearded with bright yellow hairs up to long and ending in a dark brown knob. The flowers appear from September to November. | wiki-intro | 0 | 33.215542 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Battle of Elixheim'
The Battle of Elixheim, 18 July 1705, | The Battle of Elixheim, 18 July 1705, saw a French army led by the duc de Vendôme defeat an Austrian army led by the archduke Charles of Austria. The battle was fought near Elixheim, a town in the Swabian Jura in southern Germany.
The battle was a French victory, and helped to secure the southern German frontiers against Austrian invasion. The French emerged as the leading European power following their victory, and were able to increase their influence in Italy. | wiki-intro | 1 | 11.353811 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Vintersorg'
Vintersorg (; "Winter Sorrow" in English) is | Vintersorg (; "Winter Sorrow" in English) is a Swedish black metal band from Umeå, formed in 1995. They are considered to be pioneers of the genre and are considered one of the most influential black metal bands of all time.
Vintersorg is one of the earliest and most influential Swedish black metal bands. Formed in 1995, they were one of the first bands to adopt a sound that combined traditional black metal with elements of doom and death metal. Their music has been described as dark, atmospheric, and melodic, with a heavy emphasis on atmosphere and lyrical themes relating to winter and loss.
The band has released thirteen albums, five of which have been Grammy nominated, and have sold over 300,000 records worldwide. They have also toured extensively throughout Europe and North America, playing at such festivals as Wacken Open Air, Mayhem Festival, and Ozzfest. In 2006, they were inducted into the Metal Hammer magazine Hall of Fame. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.092637 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Raymond K. Shepardson'
Ray Shepardson (January 13, 1944 – April | Ray Shepardson (January 13, 1944 – April 14, 2014) was a theatre restoration specialist and theatre operator credited by many with beginning the trend toward restoring old unused movie theaters into economic engines for their communities. He is the founder of the Playhouse Square association in Cleveland and is recognized as the visionary that helped motivate the creation of one of the nation's largest performing arts districts. He was involved in forty restorations throughout his career and operated several theaters after their restoration.
Notably, Shepardson was instrumental in saving the Chicago Theatre which was weeks away from the wrecking ball before he managed to work with others to develop a funding scenario that would save and restore the building. The grand re-opening featured Frank Sinatra singing My Kind of Town. Shepardson was then called upon to oversee the largest restoration of his career; the 5000 seat Fox Theater in Detroit. The multimillion-dollar restoration was heralded as one of the anchors that revitalized the downtown area throughout the 1990s. A 2016 republican debate was held in the Fox, which is used in commercials and film because of its magnitude and opulence. | wiki-intro | 0 | 29.966923 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Footloose (1984 soundtrack)'
Footloose: Original Soundtrack of the Paramount Motion | Footloose: Original Soundtrack of the Paramount Motion Picture is the original soundtrack to the 1984 motion picture Footloose. It was composed by Kenny Loggins and Michael McDonald and released on September 17, 1984 by Paramount Records.
Footloose was released in 1984 and became a major hit, spawning several successful soundtrack albums. The soundtrack debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart, selling over two million copies in its first week of release. The album received generally positive reviews from music critics, who praised the eclectic mix of pop and rock songs. Footloose has been certified Platinum by the RIAA.
The Footloose soundtrack has been re-released several times since its initial release. The most recent re-release was in 2001 as part of the Paramount Classics series, which also included other classic Paramount films such as The Godfather, Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, and E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial. | wiki-intro | 1 | 4.556776 | [
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Please explain what is "Law enforcement" | Law enforcement refers to the system of agencies and organizations that are responsible for enforcing laws and maintaining public order. These agencies are typically charged with the task of preventing and investigating crimes, and they may also be responsible for maintaining public safety and providing other services to the community. Law enforcement agencies can include local police departments, sheriffs' offices, federal agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), as well as other organizations such as campus security and park rangers. The primary role of law enforcement is to protect citizens and maintain social order by enforcing laws and regulations, responding to emergencies, and investigating crimes. | hc3-wiki_csai | 1 | 4.494131 | [
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A "parsec." I know that it's a distance, but the wikipedia page is a little too complicated for me to grasp (arcsecond and parallax and whatnot). Explain like I' m five. | Imagine you are walking around your house and just as you come to the front yard you look at your neighbor sitting in a chair across the street. As you stand looking directly across the street she is in front of you but a small angle to your left. You don't like her so you walk around the back of your house again and come around the other side. You see your neighbor across the street again still sitting in the same chair. This time as you stand looking directly across the street she is in front of you and a small angle to your right. How far away she is determins how small those angles are. If she were sitting right in front of your house she would be all the way to your left and then all the way to your right. If she were really far away then the angle would look pretty much the same from one side of your house and the other. You can figure out how far away she is if you know how much the angle she is from you changes between two points (in this case the two points are opposite ends of the house) and how far apart those two poins are (in this case the width of your house). What does that have to do with a parsec? If you replace the two sides of your house with the earth on opposite sides of it's orbit, like where it is in June vs December, then a parsec is the distance away that would make the difference in angle exactly 1 arcsecond (1/3600 of a degree). it is about the same size as a light year (about 3x bigger) so you might ask why we have the parsec as a unit when it seems so complicated. A light year might sound like it makes more sense but when light arrives from a distant star it doesn't come with a stopwatch telling us how many years it took to get to us. We have to measure distances using parallax, the process I discribed above using the difference in angles. We usually use the earth on opposite sides of the orbit as our two positions for parallax so when it comes to measuring distances in astronomy the parsec is very normal. Well, let's say there was a star exactly one parsec away, and it had a planet orbitting it at a distance that's exactly the same distance as the Earth is from the Sun. If you looked through a telescope, you would see that the star and the planet are separated by a (very very tiny) distance in the sky, an angle equal to something called an "arcsecond". An arcsecond is extremely tiny. It's defined as a 60th of a 60th of a 360th of a full circle. Or in other words, you'd have to line up 324, 000 of these tiny tiny angles in order to get a line that extends from directly overhead to the horizon. Here's another way to think about it: Imagine you are looking down from above at a man, who is standing at the center of a circle. Now imagine he is holding at arm's length a stick that is one meter long, and he's holding it so it is sideways. Looking down from above, trace a line from each end of the stick to the center of the circle, where he is standing — these lines define a wedge in the circle. We can ask "how much of the circle does that wedge occupy?" and measure that in degrees. In this example, let's say it's about 80 degrees. Then we could say that a one meter stick, _ at that distance from his eye _, covers an arc of 80 degrees. Now move the stick farther away — say all the way down a football field, and trace the lines again to make a new wedge. This is a much narrower wedge, because it is so far away, even though the stick is the same size. Maybe now the stick only covers an arc of 1 or 2 degrees. When we get into measuring small angles, for historical reasons we divide each degree into 60 minutes, and each minute of angle into seconds (as you can guess, a single second of angle is a very tiny piece of the circle, less than one millionth). Anyway let's just say the stick is covering an arc of 1degree, 30min, 20sec. Now, what if we were interested in having the stick cover a specific arc, like just 30min (which is half a degree)? How far away from the man would the stick be? We could walk the stick away from the person until the wedge was only 30min of angle across. When you got to that distance, you might say that distance is "one 30 minute-meter" from where the man is standing; it's the distance at which one meter covers an arc of 30 minutes. Now, astronomers have to measure some really long distances. So they said "Take a stick that is as long as the distance from the Earth to the Sun. Now walk faaaaaaaar away until that huge stick only covers one tiny second of arc from where I am standing. How far away are you?" That is a parsec. By the way, they call the distance from the Earth to the Sun an "Astronomical Unit", or "AU". So to review: a parsec is the distance at which 1 AU covers an arc of 1 sec. -------- This all came about, by the way, because as the Earth revolves around the sun, it moves 1 AU to either side of it. That is, the Earth in June is 2 AU away from where it will be in December. This means if you use a telescope to look at an object in the sky, you can take an observation twice — once in June, once in December — and you should be pointing your telescope at a slightly different angle each time, because you have basically changed where you are standing (well the Earth changed where _ it _ was standing, really). Because it is based on an AU, the parsec is a really convenient way to convert that difference in telescope angle to the distance to the object you are looking at. Neat, huh? | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 17.829376 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Novgorod Chronicle'
The Novgorod First Chronicle or The | The Novgorod First Chronicle or The Novgorod Chronicle of Henry of Livonia, is a Russian chronicle written in 1236 by an unknown author. The book tells the history of Novgorod and its princes from the time of the Rus' federation until the end of the 13th century.
The Novgorod First Chronicle is a valuable source of information on medieval Novgorod. It was written in the 1236s by an unknown author, probably a member of the princely house of Livonia. The work covers the history of Novgorod from its foundation in 862 until the end of the 13th century. It is one of the most important sources for understanding medieval Russian history.
The Novgorod First Chronicle provides an invaluable insight into the history and culture of medieval Novgorod. It provides detailed accounts of many important events, including the foundation of Novgorod, the battles between Novgorod and its neighbours, and the princely dynasties that ruled Novgorod during this period. The Chronicle also provides valuable information on medieval Russian society and culture, including religion, politics, and economics.
The Novgorod First Chronicle is also an important source of information on medieval Russian architecture. The work includes descriptions of many famous medieval buildings in Novgorod, including St Sophia Cathedral and the Holy Trinity Monastery. The Chronicle also provides detailed accounts of many important architectural projects undertaken in Novgorod during this period, such as the construction of the Neva River Bridge and Saint | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.664404 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Municipalities of Sonora'
Sonora is a state in Northwestern Mexico | Sonora is a state in Northwestern Mexico that is divided into 72 municipalities. According to the 2020 Mexican Census, it is the eighteenth most populated state with inhabitants and the 2nd largest by land area spanning . Municipalities in Sonora are administratively autonomous of the state according to the 115th article of the 1917 Constitution of Mexico. Every three years, citizens elect a municipal president (Spanish: presidente municipal) by a plurality voting system who heads a concurrently elected municipal council (ayuntamiento) responsible for providing all the public services for their constituents. The municipal council consists of a variable number of trustees and councillors (regidores y síndicos). Municipalities are responsible for public services (such as water and sewerage), street lighting, public safety, traffic, and the maintenance of public parks, gardens and cemeteries. They may also assist the state and federal governments in education, emergency fire and medical services, environmental protection and maintenance of monuments and historical landmarks. Since 1984, they have had the power to collect property taxes and user fees, although more funds are obtained from the state and federal governments than from their own income. | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.153618 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'John Neulinger'
John Neulinger (April 26, 1924 - June | John Neulinger (April 26, 1924 - June 20, 1991) was a noted German-American psychologist and Professor Emeritus of psychology at City College of New York. Neulinger is best known for contributing a social psychological theory of leisure to the field of leisure studies. Neulinger's theory of leisure is defined by a psychological state of mind that requires two criteria for leisure: perceived freedom and intrinsic motivation. In Neulinger's theory, individuals can be said to be in a state of leisure if they simply perceive that they have the freedom to choose activities and are motivated by an activity for its own sake, not just for its consequences. Neulinger first popularized his ideas in the 1974 book, The Psychology of Leisure. Early life
Neulinger was born in Dresden, Germany to Rudolf and Julie Neulinger née Konirsch. At least two siblings are known, a brother Kurt and a sister, Liselotte. Neulinger attended the Staatsoberrealgymnasium in Děčín, Czechoslovakia as a child, but was taken to a Nazi concentration camp during World War II. His experience in Nazi Germany influenced his psychological theories regarding the connection between freedom and leisure in the same way as psychologist Viktor Frankl. | wiki-intro | 0 | 19.693254 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Anthony Scott Burns'
Anthony Scott Burns (born May 9, 1977) | Anthony Scott Burns (born May 9, 1977) is an American actor and filmmaker. He has starred in films such as Armageddon, The Faculty, Daredevil, and The Secret Life of Walter Mitty. Burns has also directed films such as The Brothers McMullen and The War of the Worlds.
Anthony Scott Burns was born in Houston, Texas, the son of Linda (née Kraybill), a homemaker, and Michael Burns, a real estate agent. He has two younger sisters, Jill and Lori. When he was thirteen years old, Burns moved with his family to Dallas, where he attended Bishop Dunne High School. After high school, Burns studied at the University of North Texas before dropping out to pursue an acting career.
Burns made his acting debut in 1995 with a minor role in the television series Walker, Texas Ranger. He then appeared in several short films and made his feature film debut in the 1999 thriller Armageddon. Burns gained international recognition for his performance as Matt Murdock/Daredevil in the 2003 superhero film Daredevil. He reprised the role in 2005's Daredevil: The Man Without Fear and in 2007's Elektra. In 2009, he starred as John Coffey in The Brothers McMullen, for which he received critical acclaim. In 2010, Burns directed and starred in the drama film The Burning Plain.
Burns has since starred in films such as The Faculty (2006), Jonah Hex (2010), The War of the Worlds (2005), Sherlock Holmes (2009), Robocop | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.161533 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Play-in game'
A play-in game is a game at | A play-in game is a game at the beginning of a tournament that forces the lowest qualifiers for the tournament to play each other before the main portion of the tournament begins. This gives an added advantage to the higher qualifiers, allowing them to rest, while the lower teams extend themselves by playing. Further, teams that participate in the play-in must usually play the next game against the highest qualifier in the tournament and on the road. Having a play-in game allows for a tournament to have a number of teams that is not a power of two, and gives an extra advantage for teams to play for, as they try to win to avoid having to play in the extra game. Examples
Major League Baseball Wild Card games (played since the 2012 season)
National Football League Wild Card games
Wild Card games at the start of the major Canadian curling championships (Scotties Tournament of Hearts and Tim Hortons Brier, played since 2018)
NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament "First Four"
MLS Cup playoffs First Round
Indian Premier League Playoffs Eliminator
NBA play-in tournament | wiki-intro | 0 | 30.258574 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Acamas (horse)'
Acamas (foaled 2 May 1975) was a | Acamas (foaled 2 May 1975) was a British-bred French-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. The last notable horse owned by the French breeder Marcel Boussac he showed promise as a two-year-old in 1977 when he finished a close third in the Grand Critérium. He reached his peak in the following year when he won the Prix Lupin and the Prix du Jockey Club, coming from an apparently impossible position in the latter race. He then finished second in the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes in England, but was later disqualified after failing a dope test. At the end of his three-year-old season he was retired to stud but proved largely infertile. Background
Acamas was a strong, deep-bodied bay horse with a white coronet on his left hind foot bred in the United Kingdom by Marcel Boussac. He was one of many successful racehorses sired by Mill Reef, an American-bred horse who won the Epsom Derby, King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes and Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe in 1971. His dam Licata, was a very good racemare who won the Prix Cléopâtre and Prix de Malleret in 1972. She was even better as a broodmare, going on to produce the Grand Prix de Saint-Cloud winner Akarad and the 1982 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe winner Akiyda. Boussac sent his colt into training with Guy Bonnaventure. | wiki-intro | 0 | 39.629139 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Cohors I Aquitanorum'
Cohors prima Aquitanorum ("1st Cohort of Aquitani") | Cohors prima Aquitanorum ("1st Cohort of Aquitani") was a Roman auxiliary infantry regiment. It was probably originally raised in Gallia Aquitania in the reign of founder-emperor Augustus after the revolt of the Aquitani was suppressed in 26 BC. Unlike most Gauls, the Aquitani were not Celtic-speaking but spoke Aquitanian, a now extinct non Indo-European language closely related to Basque. There is scholarly controversy about whether there were one or two infantry cohortes called I Aquitanorum. This is because a regiment of that name is repeatedly attested both in Germania Superior and Britannia. Holder sees them as two separate units, one of which carried the title veterana and was permanently based in Germania Sup., the other in Britannia. Spaul considers it more likely there was a single unit, which alternated between the two provinces, although this was unusual for auxiliary regiments. Holder's view is supported by the fact that none of the British inscriptions carry the title veterana, whereas several of the German ones do, and so appears more likely. Holder is followed here: this article concerns the unit stationed in Britannia. For the unit in Germania Sup. see cohors I Aquitanorum veterana. | wiki-intro | 0 | 60.167408 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Jimmy Keegan'
James E. Keegan (born November 3, 1969) | James E. Keegan (born November 3, 1969) is an American drummer and voice actor. He has played with artists such as Santana, as the drummer on the song "Primavera" on Santana's hit album Supernatural and with John Waite. He was the drummer for the progressive rock band Spock's Beard, having replaced original drummer Nick D'Virgilio in November 2011. Before joining Spock's Beard, Keegan was their touring drummer since 2003, when D'Virgilio picked up the frontman and main singer role during live performances. Keegan was a member of Spock's Beard for five years, until he left in October 2016. Acting/Voiceover career
According to an interview with Keegan, he did acting and voiceover work as a child. His credits included G.I. Joe, The Littles, and Over The Top. While Keegan voiced various characters on G.I. Joe, his primary character on The Littles was Henry Bigg. Keegan said "the voice-over work is probably the most fun because I'm a huge cartoon fan." He also had a very brief appearance on the long running CBS daytime drama The Young and the Restless in 1983 as Phillip Chancellor III. | wiki-intro | 0 | 18.748491 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Antique Bakery'
is a Japanese manga series written and | is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Fumi Yoshinaga. The slice of life series follows the lives of four men who work in a pâtisserie. It was originally serialized in the manga magazine Wings from 1999 to 2001, and collected into four tankōbon volumes published by Shinshokan; a spin-off dōjinshi (self-published manga) series has also been produced. The series has been adapted multiple times: as a live-action television drama that aired on Fuji TV in 2001, as a four-volume audio drama released from 2002 to 2003, and as a television anime series produced by Nippon Animation and Shirogumi that aired on Fuji TV's Noitamina programming block in 2008. Two international adaptions – the 2008 South Korean live-action film Antique, and the 2021 Thai live-action television series Baker Boys – have also been produced. Antique Bakery and its adaptations have been critically acclaimed: the manga won a Kodansha Manga Award for best shōjo manga and the Japanese television drama won both the Nikkan Sports Drama Grand Prix and multiple Television Drama Academy Awards. The Antique Bakery manga was licensed for an English-language release by Digital Manga Publishing in 2005 and Nozomi Entertainment distributed the anime adaptation in North America. | wiki-intro | 0 | 14.105146 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Kevin Lofton'
Kevin Lofton is an American college basketball | Kevin Lofton is an American college basketball coach and the current head coach of the University of Nebraska at Kearney men's basketball team. Lofton was named the Lopers’ head coach on March 24, 2015, after spending the previous 10 seasons as co-head coach alongside longtime UNK coach Tom Kropp. Lofton has coached at UNK since 1995, getting his start as a graduate assistant. In his first year as UNK's head coach, he led the Lopers to their first NCAA Tournament in nine years. Early coaching career
Lofton began his coaching career at Mid-Plains Community College in North Platte, Nebraska, where he spent the 1994–95 campaign. After that, he began his tenure at the University of Nebraska at Kearney, where he spent two years as the team's graduate assistant coach before being promoted to an assistant coach in 1997 and furthermore to associate head coach prior to the 2001–02 season. Beginning with the 2005–06 season, he was named co-head coach. Over those 10 seasons, Lofton alongside Tom Kropp, guided the Lopers to a 156–125 record. During that time, the Lopers won the 2006 Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference Tournament championship and made two NCAA appearances. | wiki-intro | 0 | 13.94432 | [
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Why does binary have to be "1" s and " 0" s? Aside from us naming it * binary * ... why does code only work as 1's and 0's? Could 2 be used as'maybe/also'to incorporate more complex coding? Explain like I' m five. | Binary code is used in computers because computers use electronic circuits to perform their functions. These electronic circuits are made up of tiny components called transistors, which can be in one of two states: on or off. The "on" state represents a 1 and the "off" state represents a 0. By using a combination of 1s and 0s, computers can perform a wide variety of tasks and operations.
In a way, you could say that the 1s and 0s in binary code are like the "yes" and "no" answers that people use to make decisions. For example, if a computer is asked whether a number is odd or even, it can use binary code to give a "yes" or "no" answer by using a 1 or a 0.
Using just 1s and 0s might seem limited, but it's actually very powerful because computers can use these simple "yes" and "no" answers to perform very complex tasks. For example, a computer can use binary code to store and process large amounts of information, like the text of a book or the images in a movie.
It is possible to use other symbols besides 1s and 0s in computer code, but 1s and 0s are the most common and easiest for computers to understand and process. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 22.548834 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Jacobus Anthonie Meessen'
Jacobus Anthonie Meessen (; 5 December 1836 – | Jacobus Anthonie Meessen (; 5 December 1836 – 1 January 1907) was a Dutch mathematician and astronomer. He was the son of astronomer Anthonie Meessen and sister of mathematician Adriaan Meessen.
Jacobus Anthonie Meessen was born in Utrecht, Netherlands on 5 December 1836. After completing his secondary education in Utrecht, he studied mathematics at the University of Leiden, where he received his doctorate in 1859. He then spent two years working in Berlin as an assistant to Carl Friedrich Gauss. In 1861, he became an associate professor at Leiden, where he remained until his retirement in 1903.
Jacobus Anthonie Meessen made significant contributions to astronomy and mathematics. His most notable achievements include the discovery of three new comets, the development of a new method for calculating the orbit of a comet, and the creation of a new astronomical catalogue. He is also credited with the discovery of a fifth planet orbiting the sun, which he named Neptune after the Roman god of the sea. Jacobus Anthonie Meessen died on 1 January 1907 at the age of 74. | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.928201 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Ibn al-Haytham'
Ḥasan Ibn al-Haytham, Latinized as Alhazen (; | Ḥasan Ibn al-Haytham, Latinized as Alhazen (; full name ; ), was a Muslim Arab mathematician, astronomer, and physicist of the Islamic Golden Age. Referred to as "the father of modern optics", he made significant contributions to the principles of optics and visual perception in particular. His most influential work is titled Kitāb al-Manāẓir (Arabic: , "Book of Optics"), written during 1011–1021, which survived in a Latin edition. A polymath, he also wrote on philosophy, theology and medicine. Ibn al-Haytham was the first to explain that vision occurs when light reflects from an object and then passes to one's eyes. He was also the first to demonstrate that vision occurs in the brain, rather than in the eyes. Ibn al-Haytham was an early proponent of the concept that a hypothesis must be supported by experiments based on confirmable procedures or mathematical evidence—an early pioneer in the scientific method five centuries before Renaissance scientists. On account of this, he is sometimes described as the world's "first true scientist". | wiki-intro | 0 | 15.002097 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Yann Sauvé'
Yann Michel Sauvé (born February 18, 1990) | Yann Michel Sauvé (born February 18, 1990) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who is currently playing with the HC Sochi of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).
Sauvé was selected by the Colorado Avalanche in the third round, 65th overall, of the 2008 NHL Entry Draft. He played four seasons of college hockey with the Michigan Wolverines before signing his first professional contract with the Avalanche in 2010.
He made his NHL debut with Colorado in 2011–12, and scored his first NHL goal on October 12, 2011, against Henrik Lundqvist of the New York Rangers. Sauvé also played for the Avalanche's American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Lake Erie Monsters, during the 2013–14 season.
On July 1, 2014, Sauvé signed a three-year contract with Russian club SKA Saint Petersburg. In 2017-18 he won his first KHL championship with HC Sochi. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.318445 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Leyenda de Plata'
The Leyenda de Plata (Spanish for "the | The Leyenda de Plata (Spanish for "the Silver Legend") is an annual lucha libre tournament held by the Mexican professional wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) since 1998. The tournament honors El Santo, Enmáscarado de Plata (the Silver mask) and has been held every year since 1998 except for 2003 when El Hijo del Santo (El Santo's son) did not work for CMLL. CMLL still holds the annual tournament despite El Hijo del Santo no longer works for CMLL. It is the most prestigious of all of CMLL's annual tournaments. The original format of the tournament was the Torneo cibernetico to qualify for a semi-final. The winner of the semi-final faces the winner of the previous year's tournament in the final. Since 2005 CMLL has held two cibernetico matches and the winner of each then meet in the semi-final. In 2011, the tournament was modified to eliminate the final stage. The winner is given a plaque with a solid silver El Santo mask on it. Only two wrestlers have won Leyend de Plata more than once, Místico won it in 2006, 2007 and 2008 and Negro Casas in 2000, 2014 and 2015. After a two-year hiatus, the tournament returned in 2011. | wiki-intro | 0 | 14.201512 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Ocean View (Vietnam)'
Oceanview was a U.S. Marine Air Naval | Oceanview was a U.S. Marine Air Naval Base (Mannafield Air Force Base and later Da Nang Air Base) located in the central highlands of Vietnam, approximately 12 miles (19 km) northwest of the city of Da Nang. The base was closed in 1973.
The base was commissioned in late 1966 as a replacement for the earlier Marine Air Station Tachikawa, which was located on the north coast of Okinawa. The base was initially assigned to Marine Aircraft Group 33 (MAG-33), 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing (3rd MAW), but it was reassigned to MAG-24 in 1968.
The base's primary mission was to support U.S. Marine Corps aircraft operations in South Vietnam. It also served as a forward staging area for combat units deploying into South Vietnam. Additionally, the base played an important role in Operation Ranch Hand, the U.S. military's effort to destroy the North Vietnamese Army's Ho Chi Minh Trail supply lines into South Vietnam.
Ocean View served as home to several different types of aircraft, including F-4 Phantoms, A-6 Intruders, F-5 Sky Fighters, CH-53 Sea Stallions, AH-1 Cobras and UH-1 Hueys. Additionally, the base operated several support facilities, including an airfield control tower and an ammunition depot.
The closure of Ocean View came as part of a general reduction in American military presence in South Vietnam following the end of the war in May | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.275512 | [
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Why does a vertical takeoff make more sense for rockets? Pretty much everything else that flies takes off horizontally on a runway. Please explain like I' m five. | Pushing through the air-resistance of the atmosphere consumes a crazy amount of fuel. Thus launches start out mostly vertical, and veer more and more horizontal as the atmosphere thins, in order to spend as little time as possible in the thickest parts of the atmosphere. > Pretty much everything else that flies takes off horizontally on a runway. And the key difference, really, is that rockets do not fly. They have to provide their own lift, and so the atmosphere doesn't help them in any way. You're fighting gravity over less distance, and you have less atmosphere to go through. Essentially less energy to get you into orbit. When you are using'winged'vehicles, you rely on'lift'(combined with thrust) to get you in the air. That same lift relies on the same atmosphere you are trying to escape. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 32.341007 | [
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who is the CEO OF FACEBOOK | As of April 2013, Zuckerberg is the chairman and chief executive of Facebook, Inc. and in 2013 his personal wealth was estimated to be US$13. 3 billion. | hc3-open_qa | 0 | 12.816483 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Stuart Ballantine Medal'
The Stuart Ballantine Medal was a science | The Stuart Ballantine Medal was a science and engineering award presented by the Franklin Institute, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. It was named after the US inventor Stuart Ballantine. Laureates
1947 - George Clark Southworth (Physics)
1948 - Ray Davis Kell (Engineering)
1949 - Sergei A. Schelkunoff (Physics)
1952 - John Bardeen (Physics)
1952 - Walter H. Brattain (Physics)
1953 - David G. C. Luck (Engineering)
1954 - Kenneth Alva Norton (Engineering)
1955 - Claude Elwood Shannon (Computer and Cognitive Science)
1956 - Kenneth Bullington (Physics)
1957 - Robert Morris Page (Engineering)
1957 - Leo Clifford Young (Engineering)
1958 - Harald Trap Friis (Engineering)
1959 - Albert Hoyt Taylor (Engineering)
1959 - Charles H. Townes (Physics)
1960 - Rudolf Kompfner (Engineering)
1960 - Harry Nyquist (Engineering)
1960 - John R. Pierce (Engineering)
1961 - Leo Esaki (Engineering)
1961 - Nicolaas Bloembergen (Physics)
1961 - H. E. Derrick Scovill (Physics)
1962 - Ali Javan (Physics)
1962 - Theodore H. Maiman (Physics)
1962 - Arthur L. Schawlow (Physics)
1962 - Charles H. Townes (Physics)
1963 - Arthur C. Clarke (Engineering)
1965 - Homer Walter Dudley (Engineering)
1965 - Alec Harley Reeves (Engineering)
1966 - Robert N. Noyce (Computer and Cognitive Science)
1966 - Jack S. Kilby (Engineering)
1967 - Jack N. James (Engineering)
1967 - Robert J. Parks (Engineering)
1968 - Chandra Kumar Naranbhai Patel (Physics)
1969 - Emmett N. Leith (Physics)
1971 - Zhores I. Alferov (Physics)
1972 - Daniel Earl Noble (Engineering)
1973 - Andrew H. Bobeck (Computer and Cognitive Science)
1973 - Willard S. Boyle (Computer and Cognitive Science)
1973 - George E. Smith (Computer and Cognitive Science)
1975 - Bernard C. De Loach, Jr. (Engineering)
1975 - Martin Mohamed Atalla (Physics)
1975 - Dawon Kahng (Physics)
1977 - Charles Kuen Kao (Engineering)
1977 - Stewart E. Miller (Engineering)
1979 - Marcian E. Hoff, Jr. (Computer and Cognitive Science)
1979 - Benjamin Abeles (Engineering)
1979 - George D. Cody (Engineering)
1981 - Amos E. Joel, Jr. (Engineering)
1983 - Adam Lender (Computer and Cognitive Science)
1986 - Linn F. Mollenauer (Engineering)
1989 - John M. J. Madey (Physics)
1992 - Rolf Landauer (Physics)
1993 - Leroy L. Chang (Physics) | wiki-intro | 0 | 10.711867 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Lenox Hewitt'
Sir Cyrus Lenox Simson Hewitt (7 | Sir Cyrus Lenox Simson Hewitt (7 March 1910 – 3 January 1992) was an Australian-born British economist and academic who served as Vice-Chancellor of the University of London from 1961 to 1968.
Hewitt was born in Melbourne, Australia, the son of judge Cyrus Lenox Simson Hewitt and his wife, Muriel (née Gordon). He was educated at Geelong Grammar School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he obtained a first class honours degree in mathematics in 1931. After taking a year out to work in industry, he returned to Cambridge to study for a doctorate in economics. He was appointed lecturer in economics at the University of Nottingham in 1934, and became professor there in 1946.
In 1941 Hewitt moved to Britain to take up a research fellowship at the London School of Economics. He was appointed professor of economics at University College London in 1951 and vice-chancellor of the university in 1961. In 1968 he retired from his professorship and became emeritus professor.
Hewitt's research focused on economic theory and its application to economic problems. He is best known for his work on Keynesian economics, monetary policy and economic integration. His book, "The Economic Theory of Unemployment" (1944), was highly influential in stimulating renewed interest in Keynesian economics during the 1950s.
Hewitt also made significant contributions to market socialism, public choice theory and information economics. He served as president of the British Economic Association (1958–59), | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.517312 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Nimsod State'
Nimsod State was one of the Non-Salute | Nimsod State was one of the Non-Salute States of India. It was created on 1 October 1956 by the reorganization of the princely state of Jhansi, which had become a part of the new state of Madhya Bharat. The state was bordered by Uttar Pradesh to the north, Chhattisgarh to the east, and Madhya Pradesh to the south.
Nimsod State was created as a result of the reorganization of princely state of Jhansi, which had become part of Madhya Bharat. The state was bordered by Uttar Pradesh to the north, Chhattisgarh to the east, and Madhya Pradesh to the south. The capital of Nimsod State was at Jhansi.
The economy of Nimsod State depended largely on agriculture and animal husbandry. The state also had a small industrial sector, including a cotton mill at Jhansi and a paper mill at Jaunpur. There were also several small-scale industries, including a printing press and a watch factory. There were also several salt mines in the state.
The population of Nimsod State was approximately 658,000 in 1961. As of 2001, the population of Nimsod State was approximately 183,000. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.264799 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Miles Irving'
Sir Miles Irving CIE, OBE (1 August | Sir Miles Irving CIE, OBE (1 August 1876 - 24 June 1962) was an English Indian Civil Service officer. As Deputy Commissioner of Amritsar, the senior government official in charge, he transferred the city's administration to Colonel (temp. Brigadier-General) Reginald Dyer in April 1919, which helped to precipitate the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. Early career
Irving was born in Singapore, then the capital of the crown colony of the Straits Settlements; his father Charles John Irving was a senior revenue officer who rose to become the colony's Auditor-General. Educated at Blundell's School and at Balliol College, Oxford, Irving sat the Indian Civil Service exams in 1898 and arrived in India on 10 November 1899. He was assigned to the Punjab cadre of the ICS, and in April 1914 served at Lahore, the capital of the Punjab Province. In the same month, he was appointed senior secretary to the financial commissioner of Punjab, with the rank of assistant commissioner (1st grade). In October, he was promoted to deputy commissioner (officiating), Having received a reserve commission in the British Indian Army with the rank of captain, he was called to active duty in February 1917, and was promoted from captain to temporary lieutenant-colonel on 20 February 1917. Initially posted as assistant adjutant-general at Delhi, Irving was subsequently assigned to the headquarters of the Southern Command. He was demobilised in February 1919, having been mentioned in dispatches. For his wartime service, he was further appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire, Military Division in June. | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.58672 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mars Attacks'
Mars Attacks is a science fiction-themed trading | Mars Attacks is a science fiction-themed trading card game produced and licensed by Topps in 1996. It is a collectible card game where players use cards to damage their opponents' buildings, ultimately destroying them.
The game was first released as a set of 38 trading cards with a $4.95 price tag. The game was later re-released with new artwork, including one card depicting the Statue of Liberty being destroyed by the aliens, and a new price of $9.95.
Topps also released a video game for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1997, which featured several levels based on the movie. The game was developed by Probe Software and published by Konami. A Windows 95 version was also produced by Probe Software, but never released.
In March 2012, Topps announced they were producing a new set of trading cards based on the movie, which were due to be released in September 2012. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.886044 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Boost-glide'
Boost-glide trajectories are a class of spacecraft | Boost-glide trajectories are a class of spacecraft trajectories that use a combination of thrust from a rocket engine and aerodynamic drag to maintain a stable trajectory.
Boost-glide trajectories were first studied in the 1960s by aerospace engineer Donald K. Menzel. He realized that the combination of thrust from a rocket engine and aerodynamic drag could provide a stable, long-distance trajectory.
Today, boost-glide trajectories are used primarily for long-distance spaceflight. They are especially useful for missions that require a very low launch energy, such as interstellar spaceflight.
Boost-glide trajectories can be used with either single or double engines. This type of trajectory is sometimes called an "engined boost-glide" or "rocket assisted boost-glide" trajectory. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.631037 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Pillar box'
A pillar box is a type of | A pillar box is a type of post box found in countries with a postal system. They are typically found in public places such as streets, squares and parks. Pillar boxes were originally painted red, but now they are usually painted white. | wiki-intro | 1 | 11.688824 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Maria Kinnaird'
Maria Kinnaird (1810–1891), born on St. Vincent, | Maria Kinnaird (1810–1891), born on St. Vincent, was orphaned when La Soufrière erupted in 1812 and was later adopted by the politician Richard Sharp, known as "Conversation Sharp". Sharp was once considered possibly to be the most popular man in London of his time. Through her adoptive father, she inherited not only a considerable fortune but a wide network of influential friends and contacts, particularly among Whig circles. She became a prominent socialite and leading hostess in London during the mid-Victorian period and was described as being an accomplished, attractive, and intelligent woman. In 1835, she married Thomas Drummond, who developed the use of Drummond Light in surveying. She would be her husband's mainstay during his final years as Under-Secretary for Ireland (1835–1840). Biography
Maria was given every advantage, educationally, socially, and culturally and came to know many of the prominent artists, musicians, politicians, and socialites of the time. When her adoptive father died, she moved into a house in Hyde Park Gardens while maintaining the family retreat, Fredley, in Mickleham, Surrey. | wiki-intro | 0 | 27.469748 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Cassiodorus'
Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus Senator (c. 485 – | Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus Senator (c. 485 – August 5, 555), also known as Cassiodorus of Vienne and Cassiodorus of Provence, was a Roman scholar, author, and nobleman who served as the fourth abbot of the Monastery of St. Benedict at Monte Cassino. He is best known for his 12-book Historia ecclesiastica, which covers the history of the Christian Church from its beginnings to his time.
Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus was born in 485 in Vienne, present-day France. He began his education at the age of 12 at the Monastery of St. Benedict in Monte Cassino under the tutelage of Benedict of Nursia. In 529 he became an abbot of this monastery. He retired from this position in 538, but continued to write until his death in 555.
Cassiodorus is best known for his 12-book Historia ecclesiastica, which covers the history of the Christian Church from its beginnings to his time. The work is considered one of the greatest achievements in Latin literature and has been praised by such luminaries as Petrarch and Augustine.
Cassiodorus is also well known for his literary criticism and poetry. His poetry has been described as both elegant and evocative and has been admired by both classical and modern writers. He was also a noted teacher and spent a great deal of time training monks in both classical and Christian literature.
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Makkah Declaration (2019)'
The Makkah Declaration (2019) also known as | The Makkah Declaration (2019) also known as the Charter of Makkah, is a document that was endorsed on 28 May 2019 in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Its creation was largely conceived and realized by the Muslim World League and it was presented by Saudi King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud. It was written to create a pan-Islamic set of principles that supported anti-extremism, religious and cultural diversity, and legislation against hate and violence. The document was declared at the end of the four-day conference organized by the Muslim World League conference in Makkah. It was approved by Islamic leaders of 139 countries and signed by around 1,200 prominent Muslim figures. Background
In August 2016 Dr. Muhammad Al-Issa became Secretary General of the Muslim World League. Under Dr. Al-Issa’s direction, the MWL has been widely recognized as one of the leading organizations in Saudi Arabia dedicated to combating extremist ideology. As part of this mission, the MWL has worked to build relations with leaders from other faiths, and to build a consensus across the various denominations of Islam rejecting extremism, fundamentalism, and violence. | wiki-intro | 0 | 15.889524 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'First-class function'
In computer science, a programming language is | In computer science, a programming language is said to have a first-class function if it has a built-in function that takes any number of arguments and returns a single value.
A first-class function is an important feature of many programming languages, as it allows programmers to write code that is more reusable and easier to read. For example, the function square() in the programming language Python takes two arguments (a number and a square root), and returns the square of the argument. This type of function is useful when calculating sums or products, as it can be written once and used multiple times in the same code. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.730683 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Cellulitis'
Cellulitis is a bacterial infection involving the | Cellulitis is a bacterial infection involving the inner layers of the skin. It specifically affects the dermis and subcutaneous fat. Signs and symptoms include an area of redness which increases in size over a few days. The borders of the area of redness are generally not sharp and the skin may be swollen. While the redness often turns white when pressure is applied, this is not always the case. The area of infection is usually painful. Lymphatic vessels may occasionally be involved, and the person may have a fever and feel tired. The legs and face are the most common sites involved, although cellulitis can occur on any part of the body. The leg is typically affected following a break in the skin. Other risk factors include obesity, leg swelling, and old age. For facial infections, a break in the skin beforehand is not usually the case. The bacteria most commonly involved are streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus. In contrast to cellulitis, erysipelas is a bacterial infection involving the more superficial layers of the skin, present with an area of redness with well-defined edges, and more often is associated with a fever. The diagnosis is usually based on the presenting signs and symptoms, while a cell culture is rarely possible. Before making a diagnosis, more serious infections such as an underlying bone infection or necrotizing fasciitis should be ruled out. | wiki-intro | 0 | 12.313714 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'River Mole'
The River Mole is a tributary of | The River Mole is a tributary of the River Trent in England. It rises in the hills north of Nottingham, and flows through the towns of Newark-on-Trent and Gedling before joining the Trent near Lenton.
The River Mole is mostly a rural waterway, with a few small urban sections. It is used for fishing, canoeing, and kayaking. There are several nature reserves along its course, including Newark Park and the Nottinghamshire Wildlife Trust's Foulness Nature Reserve. | wiki-intro | 1 | 12.059991 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mission Pictures International'
Mission Pictures International (MPI) is a foreign | Mission Pictures International (MPI) is a foreign production company which specializes in the production of Christian films. MPI was founded in 1978 and is based in Woodland Hills, California.
Mission Pictures International is a foreign production company which specializes in the production of Christian films. MPI was founded in 1978 and is based in Woodland Hills, California. The company is known for its production of low-budget, faith-based films. MPI's productions are often distributed through Christian film distributors and online streaming services. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.634642 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Eric Marienthal'
Eric Marienthal (born December 19, 1957) is | Eric Marienthal (born December 19, 1957) is an American actor who has appeared in films and on television. He is known for his roles in The Lord of the Rings trilogy, as Pippin, and in The West Wing as Toby Ziegler.
Marienthal was born in Brooklyn, New York City, the son of Olga (née Rabinovich), an opera singer and vocal coach, and actor and producer Joseph Marienthal. His father is Jewish, from a family of rabbis, while his mother was from a Russian-Jewish family. His paternal grandfather, Max Rabinovich, was a violinist with the Berlin Opera.
Marienthal attended the Professional Children's School in Manhattan. He has been married to actress Christine Lahti since 1987. They have two children. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.490713 | [
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Camping World Stadium is a stadium in | Camping World Stadium is a stadium in Orlando, Florida, located in the West Lakes neighborhood of Downtown Orlando, west of new sports and entertainment facilities including the Amway Center, the Dr. Phillips Center for the Performing Arts, and Exploria Stadium. It opened in 1936 as Orlando Stadium and has also been known as the Tangerine Bowl and Florida Citrus Bowl. The City of Orlando owns and operates the stadium. Camping World Stadium is the current home venue of the Citrus Bowl and the Cheez-It Bowl. It is also the regular host of other college football games including the Florida Classic between Florida A&M and Bethune-Cookman, the MEAC/SWAC Challenge, and the Camping World Kickoff. The stadium was built for football and in the past, it has served as home of several alternate-league football teams. From 2011 to 2013, it was the home of the Orlando City SC, a soccer team in USL Pro. From 1979 to 2006, it served as the home of the UCF Knights football team. It was one of the nine venues used for the 1994 FIFA World Cup. The stadium has also hosted the NFL's Pro Bowl four times. | wiki-intro | 0 | 11.085892 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Ralph Lewis Knowles'
Ralph Lewis Knowles (born December 9, 1928) | Ralph Lewis Knowles (born December 9, 1928) is an American professor emeritus of architecture and a leading theorist of solar access design. He created the concept of the "solar envelope" and championed solar access planning. The solar envelope has influenced many city design and planning documents. He is a fellow of the American Solar Energy Society and an ASCA Distinguished Professor. He received the prestigious AIA Medal for research in 1974. Early career
After serving in the United States Navy from 1946-1948, Knowles completed a Bachelor of Architecture at North Carolina State University in 1954, and a Master of Architecture at MIT in 1959. Knowles taught briefly at Auburn University from 1959 to 1963 and then joined the faculty of the USC School of Architecture at the University of Southern California. In 1962, Knowles applied for a Graham Foundation grant to support his research on natural forces. The research hypothesis was that “A building made in balanced response to natural forces will exhibit differentiation useful for essential orientation in the urban landscape.” Knowles organized the natural forces laboratory at USC, and collaborated with noted architects and educators, including Pierre Koenig, Emmett Wemple, Konrad Wachsmann, Karen M. Kensek and Douglas E. Noble. | wiki-intro | 0 | 32.096199 | [
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Why do we use tires with air? Why dont we have tires for cars and bikes that are solid rubber? or even some other material. Is there a point to having air in tires? Explain like I' m five. | Solid rubber would A) Cost more, and B) Provide almost no shock absorption. Air distributes stress to the * entire * tire, allowing of all of it to expand and compress to absorb shock. With rubber or any other solid, only the small portion of it near the ground contributes to absorbing shock. Plenty of reasons. A solid rubber tire would be massively heavy, drastically increasing unsprung weight and gyroscopic inertia, so ride quality and steering ability would be greatly diminished. Also, suspension and braking components would have to be redesigned and significantly beefed up, leading to even more weight increase of the vehicle. Additionally, the weight of the tires (and the added weight of the suspension components) would be more mass for the engine to move, meaning fuel efficiency would be tangibly compromised. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 13.815831 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Lissochlora'
Lissochlora is a genus of moths in | Lissochlora is a genus of moths in the family Crambidae.
Lissochlora is a genus of moths belonging to the family Crambidae. The genus was erected by Edward Meyrick in 1884. It contains only one species, Lissochlora cuprea, which is found in Sri Lanka. | wiki-intro | 1 | 11.211063 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mitya's Love'
Mitya's Love (, Mi′tina Lyubo′v) is a | Mitya's Love (, Mi′tina Lyubo′v) is a novel by Ivan Turgenev. It was first published in 1879.
The novel is set in the late 18th century in Russia. It tells the story of Mitya Karamazov, a young man who falls in love with Sonya, the beautiful daughter of a wealthy landowner. Mitya's father, a religious zealot, disapproves of his son's relationship and tries to force him to break it off. Mitya refuses, and eventually his love for Sonya causes him great pain. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.166696 | [
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The Unfortunates is an experimental "book in | The Unfortunates is an experimental "book in book" project by artist, writer, and musician Tim Morton. The project consists of a series of large bound books, each containing one hundred pages of handwritten text and illustrations, as well as a CD containing Morton's experimental music.
The Unfortunates tells the story of a group of people who have been marginalized by society. They are people who have been forced to live on the margins of society, either because they have no place else to go or because they have been rejected by society. The characters in the book are all characters who have been forced to live on the margins of society in one way or another.
The Unfortunates is an experimental "book in book" project by artist, writer, and musician Tim Morton. The project consists of a series of large bound books, each containing one hundred pages of handwritten text and illustrations, as well as a CD containing Morton's experimental music. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.597012 | [
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The British Transplantation Society (BTS) is a | The British Transplantation Society (BTS) is a national charity which seeks to improve the quality of life for people with life-limiting conditions by providing them with the best possible care and support.
The BTS was founded in 1965, and provides support to people living with a range of life-limiting conditions, including organ donation and transplantation. It operates a national donor centre, a national transplant registry, and a network of specialist hospitals and clinics. The charity also works to raise awareness of transplantation and its benefits, and to support research into new treatments and cures for life-limiting conditions. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.100141 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Hermosa niña'
Hermosa niña is 1998 Colombian telenovela created | Hermosa niña is 1998 Colombian telenovela created by Jimena Romero from a screenplay by Bernardo Romero Pereiro. The series is produced by Fox Telecolombia (formerly known as Telecolombia) for Canal Uno. It stars Ana Lucía Domínguez as the titular character, it was also the second telenovela in which the singer Fanny Lu participated. Plot
The story revolves around Antonia Donoso (Ana Lucía Domínguez), a beautiful girl from Villamaría, a small town in Caldas, Colombia. His parents have taken care of their beauty as a precious gift. She is naive and very cheerful. His life could have been better if he had not dabbled on television. At fifteen he had fallen in love with a man 10 years older than her: Tomás Caballero. Television arrived in Manizales with all its technology and looking for a candidate to represent Ana del Campo (famous singer). Antonia, secretly from her parents, signs up to participate and wins. | wiki-intro | 0 | 43.607014 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Privatized tax collection'
Privatized tax collection occurs wherever the state | Privatized tax collection occurs wherever the state or local government outsources tax collection to private entities. The motivations for privatizing tax collection vary, but often involve cost-saving measures or the hope that the private sector will be more efficient than the public sector.
Privatized tax collection can be beneficial for both the state or local government and the private collection agency. For the state or local government, privatization may lead to greater efficiency and cost-savings, as the private collector is less likely to be unionized or politicized and is more likely to be dedicated to maximizing profits. For the private collection agency, privatization may lead to increased revenue and a larger customer base, as customers are more likely to pay taxes if they are confident that their money is being collected efficiently and fairly.
There are a number of drawbacks to privatizing tax collection, however. Private collectors may be less attentive to taxpayer concerns and may undertake unnecessary riskier collections strategies in order to increase revenue. Additionally, if the state or local government fails to pay its private collector on time, the collection agency may take legal action or even go bankrupt. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.429697 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Dan Sileo'
Daniel William Sileo (born January 3, 1964) | Daniel William Sileo (born January 3, 1964) is an American musician and singer-songwriter. He is best known as the frontman and primary songwriter for the alternative rock band Garbage.
Sileo was born in Los Angeles, California, to a Jewish family. His father, Sid, was a musician and composer who worked on films such as The Sand Pebbles and Nashville. His mother, Ilene (née Horowitz), was a singer who performed cabaret and lounge acts. Sileo has two sisters, Jill and Karen, and one brother, Jon.
Sileo was raised in the San Fernando Valley area of Los Angeles. He attended Palisades High School in Palisades Estates, California. After high school, he studied art at the University of California at Berkeley but dropped out after a year to pursue music full-time.
Sileo formed the band Garbage with his then-girlfriend Shirley Manson and drummer Butch Vig in 1987. The band released its debut album "Garbage" in 1995. The album received critical acclaim and sold over 4 million copies worldwide. The band's follow-up album "Version 2.0" was released in 1998 and received similar critical acclaim. The band went on hiatus from 2002 to 2006 but reunited in 2007 to release their fourth album "Not Your Kind of People". The album entered the UK Albums Chart at number one and spent 64 weeks on the charts. The band's fifth album "Strange Little Girls" was released in | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.257706 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'SGLT2 inhibitor'
SGLT2 inhibitors, also called gliflozins, are a | SGLT2 inhibitors, also called gliflozins, are a class of medications that alter essential physiology of the nephron; unlike SGLT1 inhibitors that modulate sodium/glucose channels in the intestinal mucosa. The foremost metabolic effect appears to show that this pharmaceutical class inhibits reabsorption of glucose in the kidney and therefore lower blood sugar. They act by inhibiting sodium-glucose transport protein 2 (SGLT2). SGLT2 inhibitors are used in the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Apart from blood sugar control, gliflozins have been shown to provide significant cardiovascular benefit in T2DM patients. Several medications of this class have been approved or are currently under development. In studies on canagliflozin, a member of this class, the medication was found to enhance blood sugar control as well as reduce body weight and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Medical uses
The gliflozins are used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus but are most often used as second- or third-line agents instead of first-line because there are other medications on the market that have much longer safety record and are less expensive than gliflozins. | wiki-intro | 0 | 10.957931 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Ishwarsena'
Mathariputra Ishwarsena or Mahaksatrapa Ishwarsena He belonged | Mathariputra Ishwarsena or Mahaksatrapa Ishwarsena He belonged to the Yadava branch of the Lunar dynasty. He was the founder of the Abhira dynasty He and his descendants, whose names occur in the Puranas, seem to have ruled over a large territory in the Deccan. He took the title of Rajan and an era was named after him. His descendants ruled for nine generations. Early life and ascension to the throne
Ishwarsena was the son of Abhira Sivadatta and his wife Mathari. Another king claiming to be a son of Mathari is Sakasena. He is identified with Saka Satakarni, whose coins have been found over Andhra Pradesh and is taken to be a Satavahana king and successor of Yajna Sri Satakarni. However, K.Gopalchari thinks that Sakasena was a Abhira king. Reasons:
The name of Sakasena or Saka Satakarni does not occur in the Puranic genealogies of the Andhra-Satavahana kings. He claimed to be th son of Mathari, the wife of Abhira Sivadatta, as indicated by his epithet Mathariputra. | wiki-intro | 0 | 25.958506 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Eliodoro Yáñez'
Eliodoro Yáñez Ponce de León (May 6, | Eliodoro Yáñez Ponce de León (May 6, 1746 – October 30, 1814) was a Spanish explorer and conquistador who led the first European expedition to found the city of New Orleans in 1769. He also participated in the first circumnavigation of the world by a European expedition.
Yáñez was born in the town of Sanlúcar de Barrameda, near Cádiz, in southern Spain. He joined the army at an early age and fought in the Seven Years' War. In 1768, he married Ana María de Gallegos y Urbina, with whom he had five children.
In 1769, Yáñez led an expedition to found New Orleans as part of the French colony of Louisiana. The expedition consisted of 33 men, including two physicians and one priest. They arrived on May 14 and founded what would become the capital of Louisiana. The following year, they sailed back to Spain with a cargo of slaves and other riches.
Yáñez later served as governor of Cuba and Peru. He died in Peru in 1814. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.908726 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mysaromima'
Mysaromima liquescens is a moth of the | Mysaromima liquescens is a moth of the family Depressariidae. It is found in Colombia and Brazil (Mato Grosso). The wingspan is about 40 mm. The forewings are glossy white with a blotch of greyish-ochreous and bluish-fuscous suffusion on the dorsum near the base and a glossy light iridescent-bronzy-grey oval patch occupying the cell from one-fourth of the wing, surrounded above and posteriorly with greenish suffusion mixed grey, and including a similar round spot beyond the middle, beneath this is lighter grey suffusion to the fold, and beyond it wider pale yellow-greyish suffusion extended down to before the tornus. In this, beyond the cell, is an irregular shining milk-white raised transverse striga, two similar dots obliquely placed before and above it, and two short fine nearly parallel lines beneath the median portion of the patch, the anterior extremity of the lower bent down. The posterior fourth of the costa is suffused light yellow-greyish. The hindwings are pale ochreous-yellowish, somewhat deeper towards the apex. | wiki-intro | 0 | 64.5672 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'S.D. Jones'
Conrad Efraim (March 30, 1945 – October | Conrad Efraim (March 30, 1945 – October 26, 2008) was an Antiguan professional wrestler best known by his ring name, Special Delivery Jones or S.D. Jones (sometimes referred to as S.D. "Special Delivery" Jones) from his time (1974–1990) in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE). He also wrestled in Jim Crockett Promotions and the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA), and he won the NWA Americas Tag Team Championship three times. Professional wrestling career
Before becoming a wrestler, Efraim worked at a telephone company. He also took part in boxing and lifting weights. While there, he began training under Johnny Rodz in the sport of professional wrestling. Upon completion of his training, he quit his job and began working for NWA Mid-Atlantic under the name "Roosevelt Jones" in a tag team with his partner and kayfabe cousin Rufus R. Jones. While there, they had a memorable feud with the Anderson family (Ole and Gene). | wiki-intro | 0 | 16.317244 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Fort William College'
Fort William College (also known as the | Fort William College (also known as the University of the Highlands and Islands, or UHI) is a university in Fort William, in the Highland region of Scotland. The university was founded in 1892 as the Highland School of Art, and became an independent institution in 1965.
The university has a campus in the town of Fort William and offers courses in arts, humanities, law, medicine, science, business and engineering. It has a student population of around 4,000 students. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.904835 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Amaterasu'
Amaterasu, also known as Amaterasu-Ōmikami or | Amaterasu, also known as Amaterasu-Ōmikami or Ōmikami-Ō-machi, was a Japanese goddess who represented the sun and was the most important deity in the Shinto religion. She was also the ancestor of Emperor Jimmu.
Amaterasu was the daughter of Heaven and Earth and the sister of Ninigi, the god of fire. When her father Heaven decided to create humans, he asked Ninigi for help. Ninigi created four gods from his own body, including Amaterasu. Amaterasu was made the goddess of the sun and fire. She used her power to defeat her brother Ninigi and rule over Japan.
Amaterasu is one of Japan's most important deities. She is often worshipped in Shinto temples and has a large following in Japan. Many festivals are held in her honour, including the Golden Week celebrations in late April and early May. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.474778 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'John Bröcheler'
John Bröcheler (born 21 February 1945) is | John Bröcheler (born 21 February 1945) is a Swiss composer.
Born in Zurich, Bröcheler studied at the Schola Cantorum Basiliensis and the Royal Academy of Music in London, where he won the prestigious Walter Grade Prize. He has since composed extensively for classical and popular music, as well as film and television scores. His works have been performed and recorded all over the world, and he has been awarded numerous prizes, including a Grammy Award.
Bröcheler is currently Professor of Composition at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan. | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.173541 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Sunset Gower Studios'
Sunset Gower Studios is a television | Sunset Gower Studios is a television and film production company located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The company was founded in 1987 by David Naylor and John Rogers. The company has produced a number of Canadian television series, including Degrassi: The Next Generation, Street Legal and Murdoch Mysteries.
In the early 2000s, Sunset Gower Studios produced the Canadian series MURDOCH MYSTERIES, which ran for six seasons. The series starred James Spader as Toronto police detective William Murdoch. In 2006, Sunset Gower Studios released the film adaptation of THE DEVIL'S REAPER, which was directed by Scott Derrickson and starred Hugh Jackman as Erik Lehnsherr.
In 2017, Sunset Gower Studios announced that it had entered into a distribution agreement with Netflix to produce new Canadian series for the streaming service. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.432277 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Bernard Samson'
Bernard Samson is a fictional character created | Bernard Samson is a fictional character created by American author Stephen King. He first appeared in the novel The Regulators (1986), and has since appeared in several other King novels, including Desperation (1991), The Dark Tower (1997–2008), and Doctor Sleep (2017).
Bernard is a shy, reclusive librarian who lives in a small town in Maine. He is haunted by the death of his wife, which he blames himself for. One day, he stumbles upon a box of ancient books, which turns out to be the key to stopping an evil being known as the Boston Bugler. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.088333 | [
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In combinatorial game theory, an impartial game | In combinatorial game theory, an impartial game is a game in which players can choose their actions without concern for the consequences for their opponents. The classic example of an impartial game is the prisoner's dilemma, in which two prisoners are each given the option of confessing to a crime they did not commit or remaining silent. | wiki-intro | 1 | 3.509586 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Valentin Kuklev'
Valentin Kuklev - (born 11 April 1948, | Valentin Kuklev - (born 11 April 1948, Moscow, Russia) - researcher of semantics, author of books, articles and television broadcasts on symbolism. Soviet and Russian underground activist, philosopher and thinker. Follower of V. Nalimov. Board member of the futurological group futura.ru. Participant of the project "Ways of energy development in Europe", together with DaimlerChrysler; projects "Networked Economy", "Terrorism in the 21st Century" (for the Federation Council of Russia). From 1989-1994, lived in Los Angeles, California, US. Currently lives in Moscow, Russia.
Biography
In 1972, he began working on the system design in CRI DIAS (Design Institute of Automated Systems) at Gosstroy USSR. At that time - one of the founders of the Electronic Music Studio at the Scriabin Museum. The studio work was carried out to establish a multimedia environment and audio-visual synthesis. At the same time with the participation of V. Kuklev an underground group named "Context" is formed. It includes philosophers, philologists, psychologists. Group's main aim was translation and samizdat publishing of works by famous non-Soviet thinkers, which were officially prohibited by Soviet Government. Among them are works of Carlos Castaneda, J. Lilly, Eric Berne, Friedrich Nietzsche, Buddhist works. | wiki-intro | 0 | 37.646938 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Otic vesicle'
Otic vesicle, or auditory vesicle, consists of | Otic vesicle, or auditory vesicle, consists of either of the two sac-like invaginations formed and subsequently closed off during embryonic development. It is part of the neural ectoderm, which will develop into the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. This labyrinth is a continuous epithelium, giving rise to the vestibular system and auditory components of the inner ear. During the earlier stages of embryogenesis, the otic placode invaginates to produce the otic cup. Thereafter, the otic cup closes off, creating the otic vesicle. Once formed, the otic vesicle will reside next to the neural tube medially, and on the lateral side will be paraxial mesoderm. Neural crest cells will migrate rostral and caudal to the placode. The general sequence in formation of the otic vesicle is relatively conserved across vertebrates, although there is much variation in timing and stages. Patterning during morphogenesis into the distinctive inner ear structures is determined by homeobox transcription factors including PAX2, DLX5 and DLX6, with the former specifying for ventral otic vesicle derived auditory structures and the latter two specifying for dorsal vestibular structures. | wiki-intro | 0 | 16.33279 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Brian Boydell'
Brian Patrick Boydell (17 March 1917 – | Brian Patrick Boydell (17 March 1917 – 8 November 2000) was an Irish composer whose works include orchestral pieces, chamber music, and songs. He was Professor of Music at Trinity College, Dublin for 20 years, founder of the Dowland Consort, conductor of the Dublin Orchestral Players, and a prolific broadcaster and writer on musical matters. He was also a prolific musicologist specialising in 18th-century Irish musical history. Early years
Brian Boydell was born in Howth, County Dublin, into a prosperous Anglo-Irish family. His father James ran the family maltings business while his mother, Eileen Collins, was one of the first women graduates of Trinity College. Following their son's birth, the Boydells moved from Howth and lived in a succession of rented houses before settling in Shankill, County Dublin. The young Boydell began his formal education at Monkstown Park in Dublin and was subsequently sent to the Dragon School at Oxford. From there he went to Rugby, where he came under the influence of Kenneth Stubbs, the music master. Although Boydell later spoke of his resentment at the anti-Irish attitude he experienced at Rugby, he appreciated the very good education in science and music he received there. | wiki-intro | 0 | 18.733999 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Fehlandt Lentini'
Fehlandt A. Lentini (born August 12, 1977, | Fehlandt A. Lentini (born August 12, 1977, in Vienna) is an Austrian artist who specializes in the creation of large-scale sculptures from found or recycled materials. Lentini's sculptures, which typically weigh several tons, are characterized by their oversized proportions and irregular shapes.
Lentini was born in 1977 in Vienna, Austria. He graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna in 2001, and has exhibited his work internationally since then. Lentini's sculptures, which typically weigh several tons, are characterized by their oversized proportions and irregular shapes. His work has been exhibited at venues including the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, the Tate Gallery in London, and the Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris. In 2016, Lentini was awarded the Praemium Imperiale prize by the Austrian Academy of Sciences. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.45779 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Wartime Nutrition'
Wartime Nutrition is a 1943 short film. | Wartime Nutrition is a 1943 short film. It is a propaganda film produced by the United States War Department to encourage the consumption of nutritious food during wartime.
The film was directed by Frank Capra and shot in Hollywood. It stars June Allyson, Walter Pidgeon, and George Murphy.
The film's narrator, a doctor, explains that during wartime, people must eat foods that will help them stay healthy and fight off disease. He recommends that people eat plenty of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and lean meats. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.287667 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'E-Squared Records'
E-Squared Records was a record label founded | E-Squared Records was a record label founded in 1996 by singer-songwriter and producer Steve Earle and seasoned music executive Jack Emerson. The label produced a series of albums by Earle, starting with 1996's I Feel Alright. Warner Bros. supported the label on many early releases. Earle and Emerson soon began signing and releasing additional artists, such as 6 String Drag, The V-Roys, Bap Kennedy, and Cheri Knight. According to Billboard the label developed a reputation for "releasing fine albums by artists who excel at songcraft and whose music is happily uncategorizable — hovering around rock, country and pop but never landing in any one camp." Late in 1999, following the success of Steve Earle's collaboration with the Del McCoury Band, The Mountain, a co-venture was announced between E-Squared and Artemis Records. Artemis began providing support to E-Squared in areas of marketing, promotion, publicity and sales and in turn E-Squared began to act as an artist and repertoire source for Artemis. | wiki-intro | 0 | 37.461792 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Aristotelia penicillata'
Aristotelia penicillata is a moth of the | Aristotelia penicillata is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in Brazil.
Aristotelia penicillata is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in Brazil.
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mineral (nutrient)'
In the context of nutrition, a mineral | In the context of nutrition, a mineral is a element that is not a protein, carbohydrate, or fat. Minerals are essential for the body to function properly. They are found in many different foods and can be obtained through diet.
Minerals are classified according to the type of atom that they contain:
-Ionized (atomic number 11-20): Aluminium, Argon, Calcium, Cerium, Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Gallium, Germanium, Iron, Lithium, Magnesium, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Platinum, Radium, Selenium, Silver, Thallium
-Non-ionized (atomic number 21-46): Boron, Carbon, Silicon, Oxygen
-Water soluble (atomic number 47+): Fluorine | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.439817 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Port an Eòrna'
Port an Eòrna is the Scottish Gaelic | Port an Eòrna is the Scottish Gaelic name for the small settlement of Barleyport, situated almost midway between Plockton and the Kyle of Lochalsh, in Ross-shire, Scotland, in the Western Highlands. Port an Eòrna was once a fishing community near Duirinish, an area of common grazing for sheep and Highland cattle. Now it is a cluster of a few houses on National Trust for Scotland land. Port an Eòrna is a natural sandy beach. Eòrna means "barley" in Scottish Gaelic. It has views across to the Cuillin on the Isle of Skye, as well as of Loch Carron, to the Applecross Peninsula. Port an Eòrna is the home of a resident heron, called "Harry", and is from the railway station at Duirinish (on the Kyle to Inverness rail service). Duirinish, the home community for Port an Eòrna, is also the home of a Belgian artist who has made her home in this community. | wiki-intro | 0 | 30.645807 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Isaiah of Salona'
Bishop Isaiah of Salona (; 1780 | Bishop Isaiah of Salona (; 1780 – 1852) was a Greek-born Catholic prelate who served as the fourth Patriarch of Antioch from 1830 to 1852.
Isaiah was born in Salona, Ottoman Empire (present-day Thessaloniki, Greece) to a Catholic family. He studied in Rome and was ordained a priest in 1806. He served as the vicar general of Salona from 1811 to 1830, when he was appointed Patriarch of Antioch by Pope Gregory XVI.
As patriarch, Isaiah played an important role in the Church's efforts to protect the Christian minority in Syria during the Druze-Maronite conflict. He also championed ecumenism, and helped to bring about the union of the Orthodox and Catholic Churches in 1847.
Isaiah died in office in 1852, and was canonized by Pope Pius IX in 1870. | wiki-intro | 1 | 11.714813 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Frank Manly Thorn'
Frank Manly Thorn (December 7, 1836 – | Frank Manly Thorn (December 7, 1836 – January 8, 1901) was an American writer and illustrator who specialized in historical and romantic works for children.
Thorn was born in Burlington, New Jersey, the son of Hiram Thorn and Anna Manly Thorn. He began his career as a draughtsman for the publishers Wiley and Putnam, but soon moved to illustrating. In 1868 he published his first book, The Wonders of Nature, a collection of woodcuts based on sketches by his brother John Manly Thorn. He is best known for his books about American Revolutionary history, such as The Declaration of Independence (1885), The Battle of Bunker Hill (1893), and The Battle of Saratoga (1895). | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.479254 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Bela Bhela'
Bela Bhela, also called Uttarpara, is a | Bela Bhela, also called Uttarpara, is a city and a municipal corporation in the North 24 Parganas district of West Bengal, India. The city is located on the banks of the Hooghly River, about 110 kilometers from Kolkata.
Bela Bhela was founded in the early 18th century by a Muslim zamindar, Mir Jafar. The town prospered as a trading center as well as an important military outpost during the period of British Raj. After independence, Bela Bhela emerged as an important commercial center and manufacturing hub. It is now one of the most important hubs of the West Bengal economy. Bela Bhela is also home to several educational institutions, including a medical college and a law college.
Bela Bhela is served by Bela Bhela Airport, which is located about 5 kilometers from the city center. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.399533 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Don L. Harper'
Don Loren Harper is a Los Angeles-based | Don Loren Harper is a Los Angeles-based film composer, songwriter, conductor, and arranger whose credits include films such as The Guardian, National Treasure, Training Day, Armageddon, The Rock, Twister, Broken Arrow, Assassins, and Speed. Harper composed and conducted the music for Disney's direct-to-video releases The Lion King 1½, Tarzan & Jane, and Atlantis: Milo's Return. He also created the scores for the television series' The Magnificent Seven and The Twilight Zone, and the TV movie Houdini. Harper's first CD, Dream and Variations, is a hybrid of jazz, Americana, rock, spirituals, blues, and bluegrass. It is a sweeping assemblage of vignettes, recorded with a 70-piece orchestra live on the Eastwood Stage at Warner Bros. in the Fall of 2006. The production included a 32-member choir, session musician Dan Higgins on soprano saxophone, jazz pianist Russell Ferrante of The Yellowjackets, notable string players Dave Stone (upright bass), Sid Page (violin), and Steve Erdody (cello). Trevor Rabin, composer and former member of Yes, played guitar. Dream and Variations includes the song "End of Days", featuring vocals by Lisbeth Scott, which Harper and lyricist Tom Child wrote in response to the devastation of Hurricane Katrina. He has also recorded the soundtrack for Tokyo DisneySea's version of Fantasmic, Epcot Forever, as well as a song for Rivers of Light. | wiki-intro | 0 | 31.512697 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Combat Hapkido'
Combat Hapkido (known in Korean as Chon-Tu | Combat Hapkido (known in Korean as Chon-Tu Kwan Hapkido 전투관 합기도) is an eclectic modern Hapkido system founded by John Pellegrini in 1990. Taking the next step in 1992 Pellegrini formed the International Combat Hapkido Federation (ICHF) as the official governing body of Combat Hapkido. Later, in 1999, the ICHF was recognized by the Korea Kido Association and the World Kido Federation, collectively known as the Kido Hae, as the Hapkido style Chon Tu Kwan Hapkido.
The World Kido Federation is recognized by the Government of South Korea as an organization that serves as a link between the official Martial Arts governing body of Korea and the rest of the world Martial Arts community.
The founder of Combat Hapkido was very clear in his statement that he did not invent a new martial art. He stated "I have merely structured a new Self-Defense system based upon sound scientific principles and modern concepts. For this reason Combat Hapkido is also referred to as the "Science of Self-Defense." Combat Hapkido is a new interpretation and application of a selected body of Hapkido techniques.
The word "Combat" was added to Combat Hapkido to distinguish this system from Traditional Hapkido styles and to identify its focus as Self-Defense. The style employs joint locks, pressure points, throws, hand strikes, and low-lying kicks, and trains practitioners to either counter or preemptively strike an imminent attack to defend one's self. In common with many Hapkido styles, it also emphasizes small circular motion, non-resisting movements, and control of an opponent through force redirection and varied movement and practitioners seek to gain advantage through footwork, distractive striking and body positioning to employ leverage. | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.62002 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Beyağaç'
Beyağaç is a town and district of | Beyağaç is a town and district of İzmir Province in the Aegean region of Turkey. The population is 38,500 (2000 census). The district covers an area of 922 km². The town is situated at the mouth of the Beyağaç River on the Mediterranean Sea.
Beyağaç is an important commercial centre on the Aegean coast, with a fishing port and a large shipbuilding industry. The town has a long history as a religious and cultural centre. It is famous for its production of oranges and grapefruit, which are exported to Europe. There are also a number of thermal springs in the district. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.373798 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Elizabeth Banks'
Elizabeth Banks (born Elizabeth Irene Mitchell; February | Elizabeth Banks (born Elizabeth Irene Mitchell; February 10, 1974) is an American actress, director, and producer. She is known for playing Effie Trinket in The Hunger Games film series (2012–2015) and Gail Abernathy-McKadden in the Pitch Perfect film series (2012–2017). Banks made her directorial film debut with Pitch Perfect 2 (2015), whose $69 million opening-weekend gross set a record for a first-time director. She also directed, wrote, produced, and starred in the action comedy film Charlie's Angels (2019). Banks founded the film and television production company Brownstone Productions in October 2002, with her husband Max Handelman. Banks made her film debut in the low-budget independent film Surrender Dorothy (1998). She starred in the films Wet Hot American Summer (2001), Sam Raimi's Spider-Man trilogy (2002–2007), Seabiscuit (2003), The 40-Year-Old Virgin (2005), Slither (2006), Invincible (2006), Zack and Miri Make a Porno (2008), Role Models (2008), The Next Three Days (2010), Man on a Ledge (2012), What to Expect When You're Expecting (2012), Movie 43 (2013), The Lego Movie (2014) and its 2019 sequel, Love & Mercy (2014), Walk of Shame (2014), Magic Mike XXL (2015), Power Rangers (2017), and Brightburn (2019). | wiki-intro | 0 | 10.793387 | [
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Judith McCormack is a Canadian author of | Judith McCormack is a Canadian author of literary fiction. Biography
McCormack's first short story was nominated for the Journey Prize, and her next three were selected for the Coming Attractions Anthology. Her collection of stories, The Rule of Last Clear Chance, was shortlisted for the Commonwealth Writers Prize and the Rogers Writers' Trust Fiction Prize, and was named one of the best books of the year by The Globe and Mail. Her work has been published in the Harvard Review, Descant and The Fiddlehead, and one of her stories has been turned into a short film by her twin sister Naomi McCormack, an award-winning filmmaker. One of her short stories in the Harvard Review was recorded as a spoken word version by The Drum, and was anthologized in Best Canadian Short Stories 2014. Backspring, her first novel, was shortlisted for the 2016 Amazon.ca First Novel Award. Her most recent book, The Singing Forest, was named one of the ten best historical novels of 2021 by the New York Times. | wiki-intro | 0 | 14.549187 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Robertus Remkes'
Major General Robertus Carolus Nicolaa Remkes (born | Major General Robertus Carolus Nicolaa Remkes (born September 12, 1967) is a retired American military officer who served as the 25th Commander of the United States Army Corps of Engineers. He previously served as the Deputy Commanding General for Operations and Plans (DCG-OP) at US Army Forces Command.
Remkes was born in 1967 in San Antonio, Texas. He graduated from West Point in 1989 and was commissioned an officer in the United States Army. He has served in a number of positions throughout his career, most notably as the Deputy Commander for Operations and Plans at US Army Forces Command. In this role, he was responsible for all operational planning and execution for US Army forces worldwide.
Remkes retired from the military in 2013 after nearly 35 years of service. Since retirement, he has worked as a businessman and consultant. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.516512 | [
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How do new parents who experience sleep deprivation for a few months/years stay alive? I don't imagine they get that great quality sleep by a 30 min nap during the day, either. Explain like I' m five. | New parents often experience sleep deprivation because they are caring for a newborn baby, who needs frequent feedings and diaper changes throughout the night. This can be very tiring for new parents, but there are a few things that can help them get through it:\n\nTaking turns: If both parents are present, it can be helpful for them to take turns caring for the baby at night so that one person can get some rest while the other one takes care of the baby.\n\nAsking for help: It's okay to ask for help from friends, family, or even hiring a babysitter to give the parents a break.\n\nNapping during the day: While a 30-minute nap may not be enough to fully catch up on sleep, taking a short nap during the day can help new parents feel more rested and better able to handle the demands of caring for a newborn.\n\nStaying healthy: Eating well, exercising, and getting some fresh air can help new parents feel more energetic and better able to cope with sleep deprivation.\n\nSeeking support: It can be helpful for new parents to talk to each other, a therapist, or other parents who have gone through the same experience. This can help them feel less alone and more able to cope with the challenges of caring for a newborn. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 8.103189 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Al Gore'
Albert Arnold Gore Jr. (born March 31, | Albert Arnold Gore Jr. (born March 31, 1948) is an American politician who was the 44th Vice President of the United States (1993–2001), and the 45th Governor of Tennessee (1979–1987), as well as a climate activist. He was a candidate for the Democratic Party's nomination for President of the United States in 2000, but lost to George W. Bush. Gore was also the founder of the Alliance for Climate Protection and has been a leading advocate for efforts to reduce global warming.
Gore served as Vice President of the United States from 1993 to 2001, defeating Texas Governor George W. Bush in the presidential election. During his time in office, he advocated for environmentalism and launched initiatives such as the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Gore was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007 for his work on climate change activism. In 2013, he published An Inconvenient Truth, a book about climate change which won the 2007 Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction. Gore has also devoted time to public service by serving as Chairman of The Climate Reality Project and co-founder of The Alliance for Climate Protection. He currently lives in Washington, D.C., and is a member of the Board of Directors of The New York Times Company and The Weather Company. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.343252 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Brett Smitheram'
Brett Smitheram is a Scrabble Grand Master | Brett Smitheram is a Scrabble Grand Master and one of the most successful players in the world. Smitheram won the 2016 World Scrabble Championship, and has been ranked as a UK Scrabble Grand Master for nearly 20 years. Originally from Camborne, Cornwall, he lives in London and is a Head of Talent, specialising in building hiring and people functions for start-ups and more established businesses. Brett currently leads the hiring for the UK expansion of Eucalyptus.vc, a series-C backed hyper-growth digital health company. Smitheram won the UK National Scrabble Championship in 2000, the ABSP Masters invitational event in 2005 and the British Matchplay Scrabble Championship in 2003, 2004, 2006 and 2010. He is three-times Northern Ireland Champion, having won in 2011, 2017 and 2018. Entering only 2 UK majors in 2019 (SIMPLE, which replaced the Spring Matchplay for that year, and the British Elimination Scrabble Tournament/BEST) Smitheram won both ahead of large and high-calibre fields. Smitheram has won the award for UK highest rated player a record 5 times (most recently, in 2019) and has consistently ranked in the world's top 5 players for well over a decade, winning numerous local and regional tournaments each year. | wiki-intro | 0 | 40.221706 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Flag of Vietnam'
The flag of Vietnam, officially the National | The flag of Vietnam, officially the National Flag of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam , or , also , was designed in 1940 and used during an uprising against the French in southern Vietnam that year. The red background symbolizes revolution and bloodshed. The yellow star represents the five main classes in Vietnamese society — workers, farmers, soldiers, intellectuals, and entrepreneurs. The flag was used by the Viet Minh, a communist-led organization created in 1941 to oppose Japanese occupation. At the end of World War II, Viet Minh leader Ho Chi Minh proclaimed Vietnam independent and signed a decree on 5 September 1945 adopting the Viet Minh flag as the flag of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. The DRV became the government of North Vietnam in 1954 following the Geneva Accords. The flag was modified on 30 November 1955 to make the rays of the star pointier. Until the end of the Vietnam War in 1975, South Vietnam used a yellow flag with three red stripes. The red flag of North Vietnam was later adopted as the flag of the unified Vietnam in 1976. The flag of Vietnam is the only flag amongst ASEAN that does not contain the colour white, with red and yellow/gold being its historical national colours. | wiki-intro | 0 | 14.705846 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Bora Bora'
Bora Bora (French: Bora-Bora; Tahitian: Pora Pora) | Bora Bora (French: Bora-Bora; Tahitian: Pora Pora) is a French Polynesian island located in the Society Islands group, southeast of Tahiti. The island has an area of 582 km² and a population of approx. 33,000. Its primary town is Faa'a.
Bora Bora is known for its clear waters, white sand beaches and volcanic peaks. The island's isolation has preserved its traditional culture and contributed to the luxury resorts that now make it one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.554751 | [
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Princeland was a proposed colony of Australia | Princeland was a proposed colony of Australia that would have been formed by the western part of Victoria and the south-eastern part of South Australia. The movement began the early 1860s and resulted in a petition to Queen Victoria, which was ultimately rejected on the grounds that it would involve changes to two separate colonies and could not be done without their expressed permissions. Edward Henty led The West Victorian Separation League, which aimed to establish the new colony, whose proposed capital was to be Mount Gambier and its main port Portland. The new colony was named after Queen Victoria's consort, Prince Albert and was to comprise the area bounded on the east by Longitude 143° (approximately the longitude of Ararat), on the west and north by the Murray River, and south to the coast. The proposed territory would have included most of the Western District, Wimmera and Mallee, as well as the Limestone Coast and Riverland in South Australia. The League collected 1,500 signatures on a petition, which was sent to Secretary of State, Duke of Newcastle, who then passed it on to Queen Victoria. The petition was rejected as the permission of both the colonies of South Australia and Victoria would have been needed for the new colony to come about, and neither were willing to accept the proposal. | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.180229 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Playa Negra'
Playa Negra is a beach in the | Playa Negra is a beach in the Guanacaste Province of Costa Rica. It is south of the town of Tamarindo. Los Pargos, meaning "the snapper", is the name of the town closest to Playa Negra. It is south of Avellanas and north of Junquillal. It is accessed from Santa Cruz through 27 de Abril and then Paraiso. Businesses and infrastructure
Los Pargos the town closest to Playa Negra offers several restaurants, from the now famous Peruvian food at Cafe Playa Negra, French cuisine at Villa DeVeena, Mexican food at Jalapeño Taco Grill, a pizza parlour known as La Vida Buena, organic food from Cafe La Ventana, and a beachfront restaurant at the Hotel Playa Negra among others. There are a couple art galleries, Johnny Manana's Surf Art Gallery & Studio next door to Cafe La Ventana and Lula's in the Rocky Point Shopping Center. There are also a few private homes in the commercial center of the town as well as the many homes dotted on the beaches and in residential communities. There is a mini market right across from the street from the Cafe Playa Negra with very basic amenities, one at the soccer field, one at the entrance of the town and another one next to the teak farm called Las Tecas. There is also a private skate park called El Mutante, an attorney's office and real estate office. There are several small shops, shops for surfing-related souvenirs, surf camp, surf rentals, ding repair shop, yoga centers, two mechanics, a Pentecostal church, and various cabinas and hotels. | wiki-intro | 0 | 36.344238 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Jared S. Gilmore'
Jared Scott Gilmore (born May 30, 2000) | Jared Scott Gilmore (born May 30, 2000) is an American child prodigy who has achieved considerable prominence in the world of mathematics.
Gilmore was born on May 30, 2000, in Santa Cruz, California, to parents Scott and Lisa Gilmore. He began his mathematical education at the age of four, when he was enrolled in a homeschool program run by his mother. Gilmore quickly became skilled in a variety of mathematical disciplines, and by the time he was six he had begun publishing research papers on complex algebraic geometry.
In 2013, Gilmore was one of only a handful of high-school students to score perfect scores on the SAT math test. He subsequently enrolled at Stanford University, where he has been studying mathematics under the supervision of Professor Andrew Wiles. In 2016, Gilmore became the youngest person ever to be awarded a Fields Medal (the highest award in mathematics), at the age of seventeen. He is also a recipient of the prestigious MacArthur Fellowship. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.798368 | [
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Pythagorean theorem, like I'm actually five. I need to make a picture book for preschoolers explaining the Pythagorean theorem. Don't ask. Thanks for any help! Explain like I' m five. | You have a ladder, and a wall. When you put the ladder against the wall, the ladder's feet will be some distance away from the wall. And the ladder will touch the wall at some height above the ground. The ladder is easier to climb-less steep-when you pull the feet further out away from the wall. (Also, it's less likely to tip backwards when you climb it.) So you want some way to figure out how far back you can put the feet of the ladder from the wall, but the ladder will still go to the top of the wall and allow you to climb over. An old philosopher figured out the math for how to do this: LadderLength = sqrt(HeightUpWall^ 2 + FeetDistanceFromWall^ 2) I wouldn't expect pre-schoolers to actually be able to do the math. Just show them the formula so when they see it later, they recognize it. The Pythagorean theorem states that the square of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is equal to the square of one leg plus the square of the other leg. So, let's get some definitions in place. Right triangle = A triangle with a right angle (90 degrees), just like the corner of a square. Hypotenuse = The longest side of the triangle, the one opposite the right angle. Leg = One of the two smaller sides of the triangle. Square = A number multiplied my itself. In this case, we multiply the distance of a side of the triangle by itself. The Pythagorean theorem is often shortened to a^ 2 + b^ 2 = c^ 2 a is the length of one of the smaller sides, b is the length of the other small side, and c is the length of the longest side, the one opposite the right angle. A common example is a right triangle with side lengths of 3, 4, and 5. 3 ^ 2 + 4 ^ 2 = 5 ^ 2 3X3 + 4X4 = 5X5 9 + 16 + 25 The Pythagorean theorem is really useful for finding the side lengths of a right triangle; if you know two sides, you can find the third. It is also the basis of more complex geometric laws, since any polygon can be divided into multiple triangles. You can find the longest side of a right triangle by taking the first short line, lets say 3 long and adding that many of them together, so you have a line made of 3 lines each three long, so it's 9 long. Then you take the second short line, lets say 4, and do the same, make it 4 lines of 4, so it is 16 long. Now connect the two lines together and you get a line 25 long. Now to find the length of the longest side you simply need to break that line up into a number of lines that are the same length as the quantity there are of them. So for 25, the simplest you can break it down is 5 lines that are 5 long. Length = quantity, so that is your length for the longest line, the hypotenuse. This is the physical representation of a^ 2 + b^ 2 = c^ 2. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 12.976048 | [
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