Datasets:

Yunij

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datasets

like 0

[ "Columbus Metropolitan Airport (CSG).", "Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport.", "Columbus Metropolitan Airport" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Closest Airport to Columbus, GA. The closest airport is Columbus Metropolitan Airport (CSG). Distance from Columbus Metropolitan Airport to Columbus is 7,7 kilometers (4,8 miles). Columbus Metropolitan Airport is located approximately 7,7 kilometers (4,8 miles) northeast of Columbus and about 7,7 kilometers (4,8 miles) northeast of Phenix City. Columbus Metropolitan Airport IATA code is CSG.", "Nearest major airport to Columbus, Georgia: The closest major airport to Columbus, Georgia is Columbus Metropolitan Airport (CSG / KCSG). This airport is 6 miles from the center of Columbus, GA. If you're looking for domestic flights to CSG, check the airlines that fly to CSG. Search for direct flights from your hometown and find hotels near Columbus, GA, or scroll down for more international airports or domestic airports. You can also browse local airports if you're a pilot.", "Facts, figures, conversions and physics are my interests on Answers.com. The closest major airport to Columbus, GA is Columbus Metropolitan Airport (CSG / KCSG). This airport is in Columbus, Georgia and is about 5 road miles from the center of town. The closest international airport to Columbus is Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport-Atlanta, GA (ATL / KATL), which is about 100 road miles from Columbus. The closest major airport to Laughlin, NV is Kingman Airport (IGM / KIGM). This airport is in Kingman, Arizona and is about 39 miles from the center of Laughlin. The closest i … nternational airport to Laughlin is McCarran International Airport-Las Vegas, NV (LAS / KLAS), which is around 95 road miles from Laughlin.", "For similarly named airports, see Columbus Airport (disambiguation) . Columbus Metropolitan Airport (IATA: CSG, ICAO: KCSG, FAA LID: CSG) is a public use airport located three nautical miles (6 km) northeast of the central business district of Columbus, a city in Muscogee County, Georgia, United States. ", "Columbus CSG Airport Overview. Columbus (Georgia) Airport CSG serves the areas of West Georgia and East Alabama, and offers private aviation, corporate aircraft, as well as commercial airline service. ", "The closest major airport to Fort Benning, Georgia is Columbus Metropolitan Airport (CSG / KCSG). The closest major airport to Albany, Georgia is Southwest Georgia Regional Airport (ABY / KABY). This airport is about 4 miles from the center of Albany.", "This airport has domestic flights from Macon, Georgia and is 86 miles from CSG. Another major airport is Southwest Georgia Regional Airport (ABY / KABY), which has domestic flights from Albany, Georgia and is 91 miles from CSG. Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (ATL / KATL) has international and domestic flights from Atlanta, Georgia and is 97 miles from CSG. Montgomery Regional Airport (MGM / KMGM) has domestic flights from Montgomery, Alabama and is 102 miles from CSG. Dothan Regional Airport (DHN / KDHN) has domestic flights from Dothan, Alabama and is 103 miles from CSG. Search for direct flights from your hometown and find hotels near CSG, or scroll down for more international airports or domestic airports. You can also browse local airports if you're a pilot.", "The nearest commercial airport is Columbus Airport, FAA code CSG. Columbus is a domestic airport and offers flights all across the United States. The airport offers flights from Delta, American Air Lines and American Eagle. The airport is about 20 minutes from the fort. ", "The closest major airport to Americus, Georgia is Southwest Georgia Regional Airport (ABY / KABY). This airport is in Albany, Georgia and is about 37 miles from the center of … Americus, GA. If you're looking for domestic flights to ABY, check the airlines that fly to ABY. The closest major airport to Albany, Georgia is Southwest Georgia Regional Airport (ABY / KABY). This airport is about 4 miles from the center of Albany." ], "url": [ "http://www.closestairportto.com/city/united-states/columbus_ga/", "http://www.travelmath.com/nearest-airport/Columbus,+GA", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_airports_are_near_columbus_ga", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Metropolitan_Airport_(Georgia)", "http://www.ifly.com/columbus-mertropolitan-airport", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_closest_airport_to_Ft._Benning_GA", "http://www.travelmath.com/nearest-airport/CSG", "http://getawaytips.azcentral.com/nearest-airport-fort-benning-georgia-2821.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_closest_airport_to_Ft._Benning_GA" ] }

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[ "Aluminum" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Airplanes haven't always beeing made out of metal, in fact the earliest airplanes were amde out of pine wood and canvas. Newer, private aircraft can be made out of steel and a … nylon-canvas mixture.", "Piston in the engine is usually made up of steel but some other major parts of the airplane is made up of aluminum alloys. Jet engines are built up of aluminum, steel and titanium alloys. An engineer always looks up for the appropriate metal and alloy to be used in the aircraft according to its application.", "The same is true with Titanium. The earliest type of titanium alloy was called 6Al-4V Titanium, which means 6% Aluminum and 4% vanadium mixed in with the Ti. More recent alloys is an alloy with mixtures of 10-2-3 mixture of these metals. Landing gear are made of high-strength steel forgings.", "Mostly aluminum and a little steel for wing and landing gear trunnions. Some new aircraft (airbusses and the not yet out Boeing 787) are composite non-metal material like carbon-fiber.", "That depends on the type of plane. There are planes made from Wood and Fabric, to Aluminum Structure and Skin Aircraft, to aircraft made from plastic, to aircraft made out of composites.", "Most airplanes today are made out of aluminum, a strong, yet lightweight metal. The Ford Tri-Motor, the first passenger plane from 1928, was made out of aluminum. The modern Boeing 747 is an aluminum airplane as well.", "Different aircraft require different building materials. Aircraft can be constructed from wood, fabric, many types of metal, or even composite materials (e.g. carbon-fiber, fiberglass). Early aircraft such as the Wright Flyer were built with wood and fabric. The frame of the Wright Flyer was made from spruce and ash and many surfaces were covered with muslin, a fabric." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_metal_are_airplanes_made_of", "http://www.letusfindout.com/what-are-airplanes-made-of/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_type_of_metals_are_used_in_the_manufacture_of_an_airplane_body", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_type_of_metals_are_used_in_the_manufacture_of_an_airplane_body", "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080907100337AAp3JFN", "http://howthingsfly.si.edu/ask-an-explainer/what-kinds-materials-are-used-make-aircraft", "http://howthingsfly.si.edu/ask-an-explainer/what-kinds-materials-are-used-make-aircraft" ] }

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[ "50%" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The basic youtube partner gets paid from 25-75 cents per 1000 views. They also get paid a very small amount everytime one of the ads on their videos get clicked on. Also you h … ave to remember that there is no specific amount, it all depends on how popular your channel really is.", "The amount you get paid is the amount the advertiser pays for the ad to run, minus Google and YouTube’s cuts. These ads are typically pop-up ads at the bottom of videos. CPV ads are the alternative, and are based on video views.", "Confidence votes 35. You can get paid on YouTube if you are part of the YouTube partner program. If you are part of this program then you will get 50% of the revenue from the ads on your videos and 15 cents for every comment. To apply for the program go to YouTube Partners in the related links.", "YouTube videos are not monetized by default. Before you can start making money with YouTube, let alone getting paid by YouTube, you have to enable monetization in your YouTube account's settings. Once you enable monetization, you will be able to enable monetization for each video you upload to your YouTube channel.", "The first thing you need to do if you want to make money from YouTube is become a YouTube partner. This is what allows you to monetize your videos – most of them, anyways – and it’s essential if you want to run ads or be partnered with a network.", "You can get paid on YouTube if you are part of the YouTube partner program. If you are part of this program then you will get 50% of the revenue from the ads on your videos and 15 cents for every comment. To apply for the program go to YouTube Partners in the related links.", "There are no guarantees under the YouTube partner agreement about how much, or whether, you will be paid. Earnings are generated based on a share of advertising revenue generated when people view your video-so more views may lead to more revenue.", "Yes, you can get paid on YouTube, and even enough to live off it. It works by paying you what is called a CPM (Clicks per Mil). That is a dollar amount per 1000 monetized views. Those are the views that show commercials or ads of any kind. There is also an issue with many mobile views that are not able to be tracked." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/Can_you_get_paid_for_being_on_YouTube", "http://boostlikes.com/blog/2015/06/views-need-paid-youtube", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_do_you_get_paid_on_YouTube", "http://smallbusiness.chron.com/youtube-start-paying-you-59420.html", "http://boostlikes.com/blog/2015/06/views-need-paid-youtube", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_do_you_get_paid_on_YouTube", "https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/72902?hl=en", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Can_you_get_paid_for_being_on_YouTube" ] }

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[ "It was the first direct tax on the American colonies. Every legal document had to be written on specially stamped paper, showing proof of payment." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The cause of the Stamp Act was the need for the British Parliament to raise money. They were broke because of the costs of the French and Indian War (aka Queen Anne's War). … Since they felt they were protecting American colonists from the French and their Indian allies, they felt it was just to tax them. The Stamp Act of 1765 was imposed on the colonists by the British. The stamps affixed to various goods raised revenue for the British. The colonists were enraged--even pro … tested in the streets. 1 The History of Fort Lee Virginia Fort Lee in Virginia goes a long way back in American history", "The Stamp Act. When Parliament passed the Stamp Act in March 1765, things changed. It was the first direct tax on the American colonies. Every legal document had to be written on specially stamped paper, showing proof of payment. The Stamp Act of 1765 was not the first attempt to tax the American colonies. Parliament had passed the Sugar Act and Currency Act the previous year. Because tax was collected at ports though, it was easily circumvented. Indirect taxes such as these were also much less visible to the consumer.", "The Stamp Act was passed by the British Parliament on March 22, 1765. The new tax was imposed on all American colonists and required them to pay a tax o … n every piece of printed paper they used. Ship's papers, legal documents, licenses, newspapers, other publications, and even playing cards were taxed. The Stamp act was unfair to the colonist because the colonist were being taxed by Parliament without any saying in the taxation. Ergo, No taxation without Representation! th … e colonist just wanted to be represented. Also because it was the Britishs' fault for being in debt because of the french and Indian war.", "Stamp Act &raquo. The Repeal of the Stamp Act. The was nullified before it went into effect and was repealed by parliament on March 18, 1766 under the Marquis of Rockingham. In the summer of 1765 King George III fired George Grenville and replaced him with Charles Watson-Wentworth, Marquis of Rockingham. ", "Despite parliamentary intentions, colonial reaction was adverse and immediate. The Sugar Act of the previous year had been a tax on trade, in effect an indirect and external tax. But in the Stamp Tax the Americans for the first time were faced with a direct, internal tax.", "1 *9 Colonies sent representatives to a Stamp Act Congress in October 1765—they asked Parliament to repeal, or cancel the Stamp Act. * 2 Although some used words to protest, others chose action. * 3 The Sons of Liberty encouraged the colonists to defy the Stamp Act. 1 The Stamp Act and Its Effects *Because of the French and Indian War, Great Britain was deeply in debt. 2 Added to that dept was the coast of sending troops to protect the western lands. 3 The British decided to turn to the colonist to help pay for the troops.", "The Stamp Act of 1765. The Stamp Act was passed by the British Parliament on March 22, 1765. The new tax was imposed on all American colonists and required them to pay a tax o … n every piece of printed paper they used. The Stamp Act of 1765 was imposed on the colonists by the British. The stamps affixed to various goods raised revenue for the British. The colonists were enraged--even pro … tested in the streets. 1 The History of Fort Lee Virginia Fort Lee in Virginia goes a long way back in American history", "Confidence votes 75. The Stamp Act resulted in the introduction of colonial boycotts of British imported goods which led to the eventual repealing of the tax by British Parliament. The Stamp act was unfair to the colonist because the colonist were being taxed by Parliament without any saying in the taxation. Ergo, No taxation without Representation! th … e colonist just wanted to be represented. Also because it was the Britishs' fault for being in debt because of the french and Indian war." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_cause_and_effect_of_the_stamp_act", "http://www.ushistory.org/us/9b.asp", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_was_the_effect_of_the_stamp_act_on_colonists", "http://www.stamp-act-history.com/", "http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h642.html", "http://www.slideshare.net/eringaebe/the-stamp-act-and-its-effects-92", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_cause_and_effect_of_the_stamp_act", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_was_the_effect_of_the_stamp_act_on_colonists" ] }

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[ "About 4 minutes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Preheat grill to medium-high. Lightly coat grill rack with nonstick cooking spray. Place pork chops on grill, and cook for 5 minutes on one side. Flip chops over and brush marinade on chops, add pineapple to grill and cook for an additional 3 to 4 minutes.", "1 In deep bowl mix all marinade ingredients. 2 Marinate at least 2 hours. 3 Remove from marinade and cook over medium-high heat on greased grill for no more than 15 minutes or until done. 4 Cooking time for second side is shorter by 1-2 minutes.", "That's easy. Heat a grill or grill pan over medium heat. Remove the pork chops from the bag and lightly sprinkle with salt and pepper. Place on the grill and cook until the pork chop releases from the grill, about 4 minutes. Flip and cook on the other side for another 3 minutes. If using a grill pan, be sure to do in batches so you don't steam the chops. And don't worry if you have neither; you can do this in a pan.", "Directions. 1 In deep bowl mix all marinade ingredients. 2 Marinate at least 2 hours. 3 Remove from marinade and cook over medium-high heat on greased grill for no more than 15 minutes or until done. 4 Cooking time for second side is shorter by 1-2 minutes.", "1 Remove from marinade and cook over medium-high heat on greased grill for no more than 15 minutes or until done. 2 Cooking time for second side is shorter by 1-2 minutes. 3 3/4 or thinner, 5-6 minutes maximum per side, thicker than 3/4 6-7 minutes maximum per side.", "1 Marinate at least 2 hours. 2 Remove from marinade and cook over medium-high heat on greased grill for no more than 15 minutes or until done. 3 Cooking time for second side is shorter by 1-2 minutes. 4 3/4 or thinner, 5-6 minutes maximum per side, thicker than 3/4 6-7 minutes maximum per side." ], "url": [ "http://www.cheatsheet.com/life/7-must-try-grill-recipes-for-pork-chop-perfection.html/?a=viewall", "http://www.food.com/recipe/best-grilled-pork-chops-27210", "http://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/sunny-anderson/easy-grilled-pork-chops-recipe.html", "http://www.food.com/recipe/best-grilled-pork-chops-27210", "http://www.food.com/recipe/best-grilled-pork-chops-27210", "http://www.food.com/recipe/best-grilled-pork-chops-27210" ] }

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[ "Average $40,400 (annual)" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "For example the median expected annual pay for a typical Massage Therapist in the United States is $47,729 so 50% of the people who perform the job of Massage Therapist in the United States are expected to make less than $47,729. Source: HR Reported data as of October 2015. Medi", "The median annual wage for massage therapists was $35,970 in May 2012. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $18,420, and the top 10 percent earned more than $70,140.", "Read more on salaries and benefits here. The BLS reports the median annual wage for massage therapists was $35,920 in 2013. The best-paid 10 percent in the profession made more than $71,020, while the bottom 10 percent made less than $18,280.", "Mean Annual Massage Therapist Salary. The average annual massage therapist salary is $40,400. The mean salary is calculated by adding all the wages within the occupation and dividing that value by the total number of employees. The lowest 10% of this occupation makes less than $18,280 and the top 10% makes over $71,020.", "The current average annual massage therapist salary is a comfortable $40,400. While this salary can be marginally influenced by the industry worked, of greater influence is the experience of the massage therapist (and, related to this, their education), as well as their geographic location.", "Salary Outlook. The BLS reports the median annual wage for massage therapists was $35,920 in 2013. The best-paid 10 percent in the profession made more than $71,020, while the bottom 10 percent made less than $18,280.", "According to the 2014-15 Occupational Outlook Handbook from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the median annual salary for massage therapists is $35,970 per year. Actual salaries may vary greatly based on specialization within the field, location, years of experience and a variety of other factors." ], "url": [ "http://www1.salary.com/Massage-Therapist-salary.html", "http://www.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Massage-therapists.htm", "http://money.usnews.com/careers/best-jobs/massage-therapist/salary", "http://www.healthcaresalaryworld.com/what-is-massage-therapist-salary/", "http://www.healthcaresalaryworld.com/what-is-massage-therapist-salary/", "http://money.usnews.com/careers/best-jobs/massage-therapist/salary", "http://www.naturalhealers.com/massage-therapy/salary/" ] }

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[ "They had adopted many of the colonists' customs and had generally good relations with their neighbors." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "History The Five Civilized Tribes is the term applied to five American Indian (aka Native American) nations: the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole. They were considered civilized by white society because they had adopted many of the colonists' customs and had generally good relations with their neighbors.", "The Cherokee are a people native to North America, who, at the time of European contact in the sixteenth century, inhabited what is now the Eastern and Southeastern Unit … ed States. Most were forcibly moved westward to the Ozark Plateau in the 1830s.", "By the early 1800's the Cherokee had assimilated many of the European culture. They built roads, churches and schools and had taken wearing immigrants clothing. The Cherokee also had a representative style of government. They had farms and cattle. If assimilating European customs is being civilized then they were.", "from Henry Knox. The Five Civilized Tribes were a group of Native American nations that were officially and unofficially called such to collectively designate the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole tribes.", "What happened to the Cherokee was truly a crime. They were civilized, they were Americanized, and they were peaceful to the United States. Several times they went out of their way to prove this to Jackson and the American people.", "This was not done to protect the white people of the area from a “hostile” or “savage” tribe of Indians, but as a way to open up the land for future sale. The Cherokee people were actually considered to be quite “civilized” at the time. Many of whom had adopted the traditions and customs of the white settlers. There women wore gowns, they built schools, roads and churches. They even had there own written language." ], "url": [ "http://thomaslegion.net/thefivecivilizedtribes.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_were_the_Cherokee_Indians_considered_civilized", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_were_the_Cherokee%27s_known_to_be_civilized", "http://www.legendsofamerica.com/na-fivecivilizedtribes.html", "http://users.manchester.edu/Student/SAStalbaum/ScottWeb/papers/Research%20Paper%20Final%20Copy.pdf", "https://ineverknewthat.wordpress.com/" ] }

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[ "$160 a month for a public college and $410 a month for a private one." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "According to Fidelity, a family making $55,000 would need to save $48,000 to cover the qualified expenses of a public university and $107,000 to cover such costs for a private one. This translates into saving $160 a month for a public college and $410 a month for a private one. In contrast, a family making $75,000 would need to save $51,000 total, or $190 a month, for a public university and $115,000 total, or $410 monthly,", "The sooner you start saving for college, the more time your money will have to grow. It is less expensive to save for college than to borrow. In both cases, you're setting aside a portion of your income to pay for college. But when you save, the money earns interest, while when you borrow, you're paying the interest.", "Keeping all the same variables in place except for changing the time to college to 13 years (now assuming you start saving when your child is 5 years old), how much would you need per month? Due to the shortened time frame until college, the estimated total cost of college is now $157,574.", "Interest working for you now in a regular savings program is much better than having interest work against you in the future in the form of education loans. Use our college savings calculator to determine how much you should be saving for college on a regular basis. Annual college cost inflation (0% to 10%).", "1 18% are supplementing their savings with a rewards program such as Upromise. 2 Nearly half of parents saving for college have set a goal for the amount they want to save. 3 They are slightly more likely to base their goal on what they can afford (28% of savers) rather than how much money will be needed (24%).", "If your 529 plan gives you a 5% after-tax return, your $250 a month will eventually provide you with $104,000 in your college savings account, or 21% of the total price. Admittedly, the savings gap is still large: $383,000.", "1 Nearly half of parents saving for college have set a goal for the amount they want to save. 2 They are slightly more likely to base their goal on what they can afford (28% of savers) rather than how much money will be needed (24%). 3 Saving for college is a top priority for families, second only to retirement.", "You should save as much as you can, even if it is only $25 or $50 a month, and you should start saving as soon as you can. Put the power of time to work for you. The sooner you start saving, the more time there'll be for compound interest to build up a nice college fund for your children." ], "url": [ "http://bucks.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/08/24/what-you-should-save-for-college-each-month/", "http://www.finaid.org/savings/", "http://www.goodfinancialcents.com/how-much-should-you-really-save-for-college-paying-kids-tuition-bill/", "https://www.calcxml.com/calculators/saving-for-college", "http://news.salliemae.com/research-tools/america-saves-2014", "http://www.savingforcollege.com/articles/the-magic-number-for-college-savings", "http://news.salliemae.com/research-tools/america-saves-2014", "http://www.finaid.org/savings/goals.phtml" ] }

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[ "18 months " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Young dogs do not have quality sperm. Almost all dogs will have sperm by one year. Stud dogs are at their prime between 18 months and 4 years old (or 5), after that, the quality of the sperm starts to lessen, and the ability to penetrate eggs, lessens. By 10 years old, most stud dogs do not produce sperm that will impregnate a bitch.", "Male dogs are never to old to breed. Being 11 years old his sperm quality may not be good anymore so she may not get pregnant. Dogs pregnant 60-65 days so just keep an eye on her. You should know for sure in about 3 weeks if she is pregnant or not. She will start getting a belly and her nipples will become larger.", "Some dogs are too immature to breed before they're 3, others are too old to breed after thier 5, and some have difficulty breeding and getting pregnant inth first place. So to answer the question about your dog, we would have to know some more information about your dog and your breeding experience.", "Answer. Yes she is too old to breed at 7 shes got 3/5 years left to her life, breeding dogs are retired at 4 and 5 years of age for a reason. Breeding her now would likely kill her....problems having the puppies/not having milk for the puppies forcing you to handfeed them for 7/8 weeks.", "A male dog, (stud) can go through puberty between 5 and 12 months of age. If your dog has not reached sexual maturity by 12 months, talk to your vet. The age varies by breed with smaller dogs maturing earlier than larger breeds. A male can be sexually viable as early as 5 months. Watch your puppy around females in heat to prevent copulation." ], "url": [ "http://www.dogbreedinfo.com/breedingtie.htm", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20130514072150AAQsAEF", "http://www.dogforums.com/first-time-dog-owner/2033-when-do-dogs-stop.html", "http://en.allexperts.com/q/Labrador-Retrievers-2374/Breeding-2.htm", "http://askabreeder.com/Male_Female_Dog_Breeding_Age" ] }

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[ "No", "No" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "No they are not the same thing Yams Yams are closely related to lilies and grasses. Native to Africa and Asia, yams vary in size from that of a small potato to a record 130 pounds (as of 1999). There are over 600 varieties of yams and 95% of these crops are grown in Africa.", "Sweet Potatoes, often called ‘yams’, are a dicot (a plant having two embryonic seed leaves) and are from the Convolvulacea or morning glory family. Yams. Yams are closely related to lilies and grasses. Native to Africa and Asia, yams vary in size from that of a small potato to a record 130 pounds (as of 1999).", "Yams and sweet potatoes are often confused, but actually they do not have a great deal in common. There are obvious differences in appearances, and the yam can grow to a whopping 100 pounds or 45 kilos whereas the sweet potato is smaller.", "Yams are a monocot (a plant having one embryonic seed leaf) and from the Dioscoreaceae or Yam family. Yams. Yams are closely related to lilies and grasses. Native to Africa and Asia, yams vary in size from that of a small potato to a record 130 pounds (as of 1999).", "Let's clear up one very important point: sweet potatoes are not a type of yam, and yams are not a type of sweet potato. They are both tuberous root vegetables that come from a flowering plant, but they are not related and actually don't even have a lot in common.", "No, actually they aren’t even related. Though they may look alike, botanically, sweet potatoes and yams are not the same species and are not related at all. Yams come from a line of flowering plants closely related to lilies and grasses. They are native to Asia and Africa, with over 600 varieties.", "Although yams and sweet potatoes are both angiosperms (flowering plants), they are not related botanically. Yams. Yams are closely related to lilies and grasses. Native to Africa and Asia, yams vary in size from that of a small potato to a record 130 pounds (as of 1999).", "Both varieties of sweet potato, including yams can be widely found in supermarket. Yams (family Dioscoreaceae) are native to Africa and Asia and other tropical regions. Yams are starchy tubers that have an almost black bark-like skin and white, purple or reddish flesh and come in many varieties.", "The many varieties of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) are members of the morning glory family, Convolvulacea. The skin color can range from white to yellow, red, purple or brown. The flesh also ranges in color from white to yellow, orange, or orange-red. Sweet potato varieties are classified as either ‘firm’ or ‘soft’." ], "url": [ "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081127160822AAFwOoF", "http://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/mysteries/sweetpotato.html", "http://ezinearticles.com/?Yams-and-Sweet-Potatoes---Are-They-the-Same-Thing?&id=6639433", "http://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/mysteries/sweetpotato.html", "http://www.thekitchn.com/whats-the-difference-between-yams-and-sweet-potatoes-word-of-mouth-211176", "http://www.homesteadfarmmkt.com/index.php/2013/sweet-potatoes-and-yams-whats-the-difference/", "http://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/mysteries/sweetpotato.html", "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/25/difference-between-sweet-potatoes-and-yams_n_1097840.html", "http://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/mysteries/sweetpotato.html" ] }

[]

[ "$1.00 – $1.25" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Average Wedding Cost. The average wedding cost in the United States is $26,444. Couples typically spend between $19,833 and $33,055 but, most couples spend less than $10,000. This does not include cost for a honeymoon. Understanding wedding cost now can help you with your wedding budget later. Enter your US zip code to get an idea of how much other couples spent on their wedding in your area.", "Eight to 10 guests can be seated at larger tables of 60 to 66 inches, which usually cost between $8.30 and $8.50 per table. It is always less expensive to opt for a larger table because you will need fewer tables and centerpieces. Furniture rentals for a wedding are a significant expense in the venue budget of a bride. Often, the venue itself will have set prices for their available furniture, or will prefer that you use a vendor it deals with often.", "1 Some rental companies add a fuel surcharge for delivery, depending on the distance they must travel. 2 Rental of satin or polyester chair covers cost between $2 and $3 each, and sashes can cost $1 each -- though some companies throw in sashes for free. 1 These seat about six people, so the arrangement costs $13.50 per table. 2 The cost is about $3 each for wood, resin or bamboo folding chairs with padded seat cushions. 3 And it is about $7 for a 48-inch round table. 4 This seats about six people, so this arrangement costs $25 per tabl", "1 Rental of satin or polyester chair covers cost between $2 and $3 each, and sashes can cost $1 each — though some companies throw in sashes for free. 2 Linen rentals cost from 25 cents for a napkin to $5 for a small rectangular tablecloth to $20 for a banquet-sized tablecloth. 1 Chair rentals can cost as little as $1.00 – $1.25 each for simple, metal folding chairs, and $2.25 – $2.50 for a resin wedding chair. 2 For a nice chiavari chair, companies can charge anywhere from $6.00 to 8.00 per chair", "1 For tables, the cost is about $6-$7 for a 48-inch round table and $8-$9 for a 60″ round table. 2 The 60″ table is the most preferred event table. 3 $10 – $12 for the 72″ tables according to the National Association of Catering Executives. 1 Chair rentals can cost as little as $1.00 – $1.25 each for simple, metal folding chairs, and $2.25 – $2.50 for a resin wedding chair. 2 For a nice chiavari chair, companies can charge anywhere from $6.00 to 8.00 per chair", "Request a Quote in Your Area. The typical costs you will find associated with renting folding tables and chairs from a given table and chair rental company are as follows: 1 Chair rentals can cost as little as $1.00 – $1.25 each for simple, metal folding chairs, and $2.25 – $2.50 for a resin wedding chair. 1 Chair rentals can cost as little as $1.00 – $1.25 each for simple, metal folding chairs, and $2.25 – $2.50 for a resin wedding chair. 2 For a nice chiavari chair, companies can charge anywhere from $6.00 to 8.00 per", "1 Chair rentals can cost as little as $1.25 each for simple, plastic folding chairs, and 4-foot rectangular tables can cost about $6 each. 2 These seat about six people, so the arrangement costs $13.50 per table. 3 The cost is about $3 each for wood, resin or bamboo folding chairs with padded seat cushions. 1 These seat about six people, so the arrangement costs $13.50 per table. 2 The cost is about $3 each for wood, resin or bamboo folding chairs with padded seat cushions. 3 And it is about $7 for a 48-inch round table. 4 This seats about six people, so this arrangement costs $25 per table", "1 The cost is about $3 each for wood, resin or bamboo folding chairs with padded seat cushions. 2 And it is about $7 for a 48-inch round table. 3 This seats about six people, so this arrangement costs $25 per table. 1 These seat about six people, so the arrangement costs $13.50 per table. 2 The cost is about $3 each for wood, resin or bamboo folding chairs with padded seat cushions. 3 And it is about $7 for a 48-inch round table. 4" ], "url": [ "http://www.costofwedding.com/", "http://budgeting.thenest.com/average-cost-wedding-furniture-rentals-28668.html", "http://weddings.costhelper.com/table-chair-rentals.html", "http://chairandtablerentals.com/2011/06/how-much-do-rental-tables-and-chairs-cost/", "http://chairandtablerentals.com/2011/06/how-much-do-rental-tables-and-chairs-cost/", "http://chairandtablerentals.com/2011/06/how-much-do-rental-tables-and-chairs-cost/", "http://weddings.costhelper.com/table-chair-rentals.html", "http://weddings.costhelper.com/table-chair-rentals.html" ] }

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[ "Minimum of 60 semester." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "The credits number for completing the Associate's Degree depends on the state mandate and the concrete program of study. Usually this degree includes 60-64 semester hours or sometimes 95-105 quarter hours. However, some programs require 70 or even more hours.", "There are many explanations for why community college students typically take more than two years to earn an associate degree -- often much more -- even when they are enrolled full time. Students regularly skip semesters because of money woes or other life complications outside of college.", "Best Answer: The credits assumed for the degree are 60 semester and 90 quarter credits for associate and 120 semester and 180 quarter credits for bachcelor degree.", "Number of credits for a AA/AS Degree. The number of credits that are required to complete an associate's degree will depend upon the state mandate and your program of study. Typically, this degree requires 60 to 64 semester hours or 95 to 105 quarter hours. For example, the state mandate in New Jersey is now a minimum of 64 semester hours for an AA, AS, or AAS. However, there are some programs that require 70 or more semester hours.", "How much longer would depend on the credit load carried each semester. Typically, an associates degree takes between 60 and 64 credits to complete depending on the specific school, program of study, and state mandates.", "Number of credits for a AA/AS Degree The number of credits that are required to complete an associate's degree will depend upon the state mandate and your program of study. Typically, this degree requires 60 to 64 semester hours or 95 to 105 quarter hours.", "It depends on how many courses one plans to take per semester. Most associate degrees require about 64 hours of college credit. If an individual were to take 16 cred … it hours during the Fall and Spring semesters and take summers off then one could complete the degree within 2 years.", "None of the 104 associate degree tracks surveyed had a median requirement of 60 credits or lower, according to the research conducted by HCM Strategists, a public policy research and advocacy firm. About 13 programs required 64 credits. Many topped 70 or more.", "An associate degree is a type of undergraduate degree requiring a minimum of 60 semester credits/units (for our purposes the terms credits and units are used interchangeably). The traditional AA/AS Degree program consists of three parts: general education requirements, major requirements, and electives." ], "url": [ "http://1howmany.com/how-many-credits-for-an-associates-degree", "https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2013/06/17/associate-degree-program-requirements-typically-top-60-credits", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20060922124429AAOuesb", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_many_credits_do_you_need_to_get_an_associate%27s_degree", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_many_credits_do_you_need_to_get_an_associate%27s_degree", "http://www.answers.com/Q/FAQ/1768", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_many_credits_do_you_need_to_get_an_associate%27s_degree", "https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2013/06/17/associate-degree-program-requirements-typically-top-60-credits", "https://www.ccsf.edu/Info/How_to_Get_An_Associates_Degree/" ] }

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[ "10 minutes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "About 10 minutes per side on a 20-inch fish such as this striped bass. The general rule is ten minutes per inch of thickness. Only flip your fish once. It is a difficult operation that requires you to carefully lift the fish with two spatulas (or one long one), and GENTLY flip it over.", "Step 7. Bake the fillets for 10 minutes, then remove the aluminum foil cover and bake an additional 10 minutes. Use a fork to pick at the meat and test for flakiness. The fish will flake easily when done.", "Not sure how long you should cook a piece of fish? Try the 10-minute rule of thumb, which says you should measure the fish at its thickest point and cook it for 10 minutes per inch, turning halfway through the cooking time.", "Place fish fillets in shallow baking dish. Sprinkle with almonds and parsley (optional). Combine butter and lemon or lime juice; pour over fish and sprinkle with salt and pepper. Cover and bake in a 350 degree oven 10 minutes, then uncovered, until fish flakes easily with a fork, about 10 more minutes. Serves 4-6.", "Whole rockfish can take 40 to 60 minutes to bake, depending on the oven temperature and the size of the fish. Fillets can take as little as 30 minutes." ], "url": [ "http://fishcooking.about.com/od/wholefishrecipes/ss/grill_wholefish.htm", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/438807-how-to-bake-rockfish-with-lemon/", "http://lifehacker.com/5842074/measure-fish-to-find-out-how-long-to-cook-it", "http://www.cooks.com/recipe/sy8lg0ze/baked-rockfish-fillets.html", "http://www.ehow.com/how_12301834_cook-rockfish-oven.html" ] }

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[ "Stratosphere" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "It is in the lower stratosphere, from 6 to 25 miles above the ground (10 to 40 km). There is also ozone present in the lower troposphere, but the ozone layer in the stratosphere contains helpful ozone that blocks much of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. Without this layer, life on earth would be very difficult. All layers of the atmosphere contain some ozone. The Ozone Layer is contained in the bottom of the stratosphere (this area is also called the tropopause). Concentration he … re is roughly 10 ppm (normal) to 3 ppm (hole).", "Arctic Ozone Hole. The Ozone Layer The ozone layer is a layer in Earth's atmosphere which contains relatively high concentrations of ozone (O3). This layer absorbs 97-99% of the sun's high frequency ultraviolet light, which is potentially damaging to life on earth", "All layers of the atmosphere contain some ozone. The Ozone Layer is contained in the bottom of the stratosphere (this area is also called the tropopause). Concentration here is roughly 10 ppm (normal) to 3 ppm (hole). Ozone is also contained in the troposphere (0.08 ppm or less usually), and here we call it smog.", "The ozone layer contains less than 10 parts per million of ozone, while the average ozone concentration in Earth's atmosphere as a whole is only about 0.3 parts per million. The ozone layer is mainly found in the lower portion of the stratosphere, from approximately 20 to 30 kilometres (12 to 19 mi) above Earth, though the thickness varies seasonally and geographically.", "There is also ozone present in the lower troposphere, but the ozone layer in the stratosphe … re contains helpful ozone that blocks much of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. Without this layer, life on earth would be very difficult. + 49 others found this useful. Valeria Alcantar. The Ozone Layer is contained in the bottom of the stratosphere (this area is also called the tropopause). Concentration here is roughly 10 ppm (normal) to 3 ppm (hole). Ozone is also contained in the troposphere (0.08 ppm or less usually), and here we call it smog.", "Where is ozone found in the atmosphere? Ozone is mainly found in two regions of the Earth's atmosphere. Most ozone (about 90%) resides in a layer that begins between 6 and 10 miles (10 and 17 kilometers) above the Earth's surface and extends up to about 30 miles (50 kilometers). This region of the atmosphere is called the stratosphere. Ozone is very rare in our atmosphere, averaging about three molecules of ozone for every 10 million air molecules. In spite of this small amount, ozone plays a vital role in the atmosphere. In the information below, we present the basics about this important component of the Earth's atmosphere.", "All layers of the atmosphere contain ozone. The lower part of the stratosphere contains the highest concentration, dubbed the ozone layer. The mesosphere is not dense enough … to stop much UV-C from the Sun, so consequently not much ozone is formed there. The Ozone Layer is contained in the bottom of the stratosphere (this area is also called the tropopause). Concentration here is roughly 10 ppm (normal) to 3 ppm (hole). Ozone is also contained in the troposphere (0.08 ppm or less usually), and here we call it smog." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_layer_of_the_atmosphere_contains_the_ozone_layer", "http://theozonehole.com/ozonelayer.htm", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_layer_of_the_atmosphere_contains_ozone", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_layer", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_layer_of_the_atmosphere_contains_ozone", "http://www.ozonelayer.noaa.gov/science/basics.htm", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_layer_of_the_atmosphere_contains_ozone" ] }

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[ "Sedentary women between the ages of 19 and 30 should consume between 1,800 and 2,000 calories per day, Moderately active women should try to eat 2,000 to 2,200 calories per day. Women between the ages of 31 and 50, these values decrease to 2,000 calories." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The number of calories a woman should eat each day generally depends on her age and activity level. Younger women need more calories than older women, and more active women can eat more than those who are sedentary. For women, those aged 19 to 25 are allowed the most calories on this chart, ranging from 2,000 to 2,400 calories per day depending on activity level. Sedentary women ages 51 and older should consume the least amount, at 1,600 a day.", "To maintain weight, the chart below shows you your daily calorie limit. It's based on your age, activity level, and the BMI (body-mass index) of 21.5 for women and 22.5 for men. To lose weight -- about 1 pound a week -- reduce total calories in the chart by 500 a day. To gain weight, add 500 calories per day for each pound you want to gain per week.", "The number of calories you need to eat each day depends on several factors, including your age, size, height, sex, lifestyle, and overall general health. As an example, a physically active 6ft 2in male, aged 22 years, requires considerably more calories than a 5ft 2ins sedentary woman in her 70s. 1 The longer you chew your food, the more calories your body retains. 2 Recommended daily calorie intakes in the US are 2,700 for men and 2,200 for women. 3 Eating a big breakfast could help with weight reduction and maintenance.", "The number of calories that a woman should consume each day varies with her age and level of physical activity. Regardless of these differences, the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends that carbohydrates account for 45 to 65 percent of your total calories. As carbohydrates should account for 900 to 1,430 of these calories, you should eat 225 to 357.5 grams of carbs each day. If you are between the ages of 31 and 50, these values decrease to 2,000 calories and between 225 and 325 grams of carbs every day.", "Moderately active women between the ages of 19 and 30 should try to eat 2,000 to 2,200 calories per day. As carbohydrates should account for 900 to 1,430 of these calories, you should eat 225 to 357.5 grams of carbs each day. If you are between the ages of 31 and 50, these values decrease to 2,000 calories and between 225 and 325 grams of carbs every day.", "Weight Loss. The minimum a woman should consume daily is 1,200 calories, according to Medline Plus. One pound of fat equals about 3,500 calories. To lose one pound a week, a woman should reduce her calories or increase her physical activity by 500 calories a day. To lose two pounds a week, a deficit of 1,000 calories is needed. For women, those aged 19 to 25 are allowed the most calories on this chart, ranging from 2,000 to 2,400 calories per day depending on activity level. Sedentary women ages 51 and older should consume the least amount, at 1,600 a day.", "Sedentary women between the ages of 19 and 30 should consume between 1,800 and 2,000 calories per day. Carbohydrates should account for 810 to 1,300 of your calories each day. As there are 4 calories in 1 gram of carbohydrates, this amounts to 202.5 to 325 grams of carbohydrates per day. As carbohydrates should account for 900 to 1,430 of these calories, you should eat 225 to 357.5 grams of carbs each day. If you are between the ages of 31 and 50, these values decrease to 2,000 calories and between 225 and 325 grams of carbs every day.", "The number of daily calories a woman needs to maintain her current weight or to attain a healthy weight depends on her age and activity level. A moderately active woman needs about 2,200 calories a day up to age 25. In her twenties, she takes in about 1,949 calories a day, which is the highest caloric intake level of her lifetime, and this decreases to 1,831 in her thirties. Throughout her forties, her average caloric intake is 1,794 and in her fifties, it is 1,759.", "Women between the ages of 31 and 50 need slightly less, requiring 2,200 calories and 247.5 and 357.5 grams of carbohydrates each day. After the age of 50, active women should eat between 2,000 and 2,200 calories and 225 to 357.5 grams of carbohydrates each day. As carbohydrates should account for 900 to 1,430 of these calories, you should eat 225 to 357.5 grams of carbs each day. If you are between the ages of 31 and 50, these values decrease to 2,000 calories and between 225 and 325 grams of carbs every day.", "Then, until she reaches age 50, she should get 2,000 calories a day and taper down to 1,800 calories a day from age 51 on. Sedentary women ages 19 to 25 need 2,000 calories a day; sedentary women ages 26 to 50 need 1,800 calories a day and sedentary women ages 51 and over need 1,600 calories a day. In her twenties, she takes in about 1,949 calories a day, which is the highest caloric intake level of her lifetime, and this decreases to 1,831 in her thirties. Throughout her forties, her average caloric intake is 1,794 and in her fifties, it is 1,759." ], "url": [ "http://getfit.jillianmichaels.com/recommended-calories-per-day-women-1315.html", "http://www.webmd.com/diet/guide/calories-chart", "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/245588.php", "http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/many-calories-carbs-should-women-day-3900.html", "http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/many-calories-carbs-should-women-day-3900.html", "http://getfit.jillianmichaels.com/recommended-calories-per-day-women-1315.html", "http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/many-calories-carbs-should-women-day-3900.html", "http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/average-daily-calorie-intake-women-5067.html", "http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/many-calories-carbs-should-women-day-3900.html", "http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/average-daily-calorie-intake-women-5067.html" ] }

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[ "$69,780 Per year." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Manicurists. In the world of cosmetology, manicurists -- or pedicurists, for that matter -- don’t usually earn as much as hairdressers. On average, manicurists and pedicurists both earned almost $22,000 a year, reports the BLS. As of 2011, half of all manicurists and pedicurists earned less than $19,440 a year. Much like hairdressers, manicurists and pedicurists make a portion of their living from tips. ", "How much a beauty salon owner makes will depend on the amount of overhead the salon has, such as utilities, supply expenses and wages paid to employees. Also, the number of customers and how much the salon charges for services will influence how much a salon owner makes. ", "However, the average annual salary you can make as a nail salon owner is $48,700 a year according to the Professional Beauty Association. As a tanning salon owner you’ll earn about $22,000 a month on the sales of products and services with an eight-bed salon. Save. As a salon owner, you have the ability to control how much money you make a year. This especially applies if you operate your salon in a high traffic region and promote and market your business to industries, such as the fashion industry, that rely on hairstylists and make-up artists.", "Cosmetologists, hairdressers and hairstylists employed in this industry earned a mean annual wage of $69,780, according to the bureau. Other professional, scientific and technical services was the second highest-paying industry, at an average wage of $35,700 a year. As of May 2011, as many as 357,030 cosmetologists, hairdressers and hairstylists were employed in the United States. The workers earned an average annual income of $26,460, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Cosmetologists whose salaries were in the bottom 10 percent were paid $16,710 a year or less. Those in the top 10 percent earned $41,490 a year or more. The industry that paid cosmetologists the highest salaries as of May 2011 was the motion picture and video industry", "Shares & Saves. Save. As a salon owner, you have the ability to control how much money you make a year. This especially applies if you operate your salon in a high traffic region and promote and market your business to industries, such as the fashion industry, that rely on hairstylists and make-up artists.", "While the average yearly salary for a beautician with between one and four years of experience was listed at $11,000 to $31,298, this rose to between $23,422 and $57,000 for those with five to nine years in the industry. In figures published in January 2011, PayScale.com listed the average annual salary for a beautician working in the United States as $17,215 to $35,318. This figure is dependent upon bonuses and profit sharing, and equates to a monthly salary of between $1,435 and $2,943.", "hair salon owner about 100,000 when you own your own hair salon I'm actually a salon owner in one of the wealthier areas in ct and i pocket 250 k a year. that is of course because i have a full clientele as well. ", "They can range from $20,000.00 to over $100,000.00 a year depending what niche they get into in the profession. This question is often posed to me. As an owner of a salon they ask me, how much does a hair stylist make a year. I'll tell you this, if you brand yourself as a specialist such as a color artist or a hair design artist your chances of being in the $100k category are much greater.", "The Bureau of Labor Statistics says that the median salary for cosmetologists is $22,500 per year. The BLS numbers often do not account for full-time and part-time cosmetologists, experience in the field, and tips that cosmetologists receive, which could make that salary higher. " ], "url": [ "http://woman.thenest.com/much-cosmetologist-make-per-year-9644.html", "http://smallbusiness.chron.com/much-money-beauty-salon-owners-make-15553.html", "http://www.ehow.com/info_12031500_much-money-can-salon-owner-make-year.html", "http://work.chron.com/much-cosmetologist-make-per-year-8049.html", "http://www.ehow.com/info_12031500_much-money-can-salon-owner-make-year.html", "http://www.ehow.com/info_7774815_average-salary-beautician.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_much_does_the_average_salon_owner_make", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cSPik1acQvk", "http://www.beautyschoolsdirectory.com/faq/careers.php" ] }

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[ "It reduces the odor of feces and urine." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "“Addition of Yucca Schidigera extract (YSE) products to canine or feline diets improved the character and reduced the intensity of faecal aroma as monitored by a human panel. The general condition of the animals was not adversely affected as monitored by faecal PH, food retention time, and blood cells counts. I’m merely trying to raise some questions. For now, I’m not going to stop feeding my cats the foods with this ingredient. Yucca Schidigera extract is used in many high-end pets foods, including a brand that I feed to my cats. It’s also in dog food. In the past I’ve read that this is added to pet food because it reduces the odor of feces and urine", "How to Use. Boil the root of the yucca plant and make a tea. All of the nutrients and minerals contained in the yucca herb will steep into the tea which you can pour on the dog's food. Alternately, grind the root into a powder and sprinkle it onto the dog's food. Sources of Yucca Root. Buy yucca root at health food stores or order online through a yucca root supplier or distributor. You can buy the yucca root in its natural form and grind it or brew it yourself, or buy the products such as powders, teas and capsules from the suppliers.", "Yucca Extract in dog food. Yucca is a plant that grows mostly in desert areas of the United States and Mexico. Extract from the yucca plant is said to naturally help the body remove toxins and facilitate digestion. Yucca extract may also reduce body odour as well as the smell of the urine/feaces.", "Yucca schidigera, also known as the Mojave yucca or Spanish dagger, is a flowering plant that is native to the Mojave Desert, Chihuahuan Desert and Sonoran Desert of southeastern California, Baja California, New Mexico, southern Nevada and Arizona. ", "AGRICULTURE: The Yucca schidigera extract has a high steroidal saponin content that has the property of being a natural surfactant. When it is added to the soil, it has the ability to interact with the cells in the roots of the plants, increasing water and nutrient absorption. In recent studies in England, feeding of yucca extract to dogs and cats was shown to reduce fecal odor and reduce emission of volatile compounds contributing to fecal odor. Many pet foods and kitty litter products now contain yucca extract to reduce these noxious odors.", "Yucca schidigera is a flowering plant that is native to the Mojave Desert, Chihuahuan Desert and Sonoran Desert of southeastern California, Baja California, New Mexico, southern Nevada and Arizona. The most commonly used names include Yucca, Mojave yucca or Spanish Dagger. Yucca Schidigera is a fairly popular ingredient and is in about 20% of all dog foods.", "Yucca is LIKELY SAFE when consumed in the amounts normally found in foods. Yucca is POSSIBLY SAFE when taken by mouth short-term. It can cause side effects such as stomach upset, bitter taste, nausea, and vomiting. Not enough is known about the safety of taking yucca by mouth long-term or applying it to the skin. YUCCA Overview Information. Yucca is the common name for the more than 40 species of plants in the Yucca genus. The root of the non-flowering plant is used to make medicine. Yucca is used for osteoarthritis, high blood pressure, migraine headaches, inflammation of the intestine (colitis), high cholesterol, stomach disorders, diabetes, poor circulation, and liver and gallbladder disorders", "Yucca Schidigera, a desert shrub-tree is a herbaceous plant in the lily family. Yucca extract is known to cause loose stools. It is a saponin (has soap-like foaming action) and has caused red blood cells to burst (hemolysis) in test tubes. Once used as a medicine, pepper may be added as an extract sold for healing, aromatherapy, and flavoring. The addition of black pepper as a pet food ingredient appears to be a “natural health food” trend but dogs and cats do not need it." ], "url": [ "http://www.itchmoforums.com/pet-food-questions-and-researching-foodsingredients/yucca-schidigera-extract-some-questions-t4302.0.html", "http://www.ehow.com/about_6623216_yucca-root-dogs.html", "http://www.allaboutdogfood.co.uk/dog-food-ingredients/0036/yucca-extract", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yucca_schidigera", "http://www.ublcorp.com/yuccaproducts.html", "http://slimdoggy.com/dog-food-ingredients-a-to-z-yucca-schidigera/", "http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-734-YUCCA.aspx?activeIngredientId=734&activeIngredientName=YUCCA", "http://www.thedogpress.com/DogFood/Ingredients_Liquorman.asp" ] }

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[ "Canadian doctors have an average annual income (before taxes) of a little more than $225,000. An average annual salary for a specialist MD in the United States is around $339,738." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Average Medical doctor salary in US. An average annual salary for a specialist MD in the United States is around $339,738; while an annual salary for an MD general practitioner is around $186,044 per annum. The average salaries for physicians possessing Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degree depends on various determinants", "Medical doctor salary and wage in USA. Based on the type of medical specialty, an average hourly wage for a medical doctor In the United States is as follows: The average hourly wage for a MD family physician ranges from between $39.73 – $81.03 per hour. An average annual salary for a specialist MD in the United States is around $339,738; while an annual salary for an MD general practitioner is around $186,044 per annum.", "Provincial medicare agencies pay an average fee of $652 to surgeons in Canada for a hip replacement. Government programs like Medicaid in the States reimburse almost triple that, while U.S. private insurers offer an average of just under $4,000 per hip operation. Despite recent fee hikes, Canadian doctors still lag dramatically far behind their American counterparts in income, according to a new study that also underscores the wide pay gap in both countries between front-line “primary-care” physicians and much-wealthier surgical specialists.", "The average income after expenses, in U.S. dollars, for an orthopedic surgeon in the U.S. was $442,450, compared to $208,000 in Canada, $324,000 in the U.K. and $154,000 in France. Despite recent fee hikes, Canadian doctors still lag dramatically far behind their American counterparts in income, according to a new study that also underscores the wide pay gap in both countries between front-line “primary-care” physicians and much-wealthier surgical specialists.", "The average hourly wage for a MD psychiatrist in the US is around $90 per hour. The median hourly wage for an MD physiatrist is around $96.77 per hour. An average hourly wage for a MD anesthesiologist is around $122.78 per hour. Read more about physician salary by state. An average annual salary for a specialist MD in the United States is around $339,738; while an annual salary for an MD general practitioner is around $186,044 per annum.", "Practically, that means Canadian doctors have an average annual income (before taxes) of a little more than $225,000. But, again, there is a range, from psychiatrists, the specialists who bill the least ($232,000 gross; $186,000 net), to ophthalmologists, who bill the most ($676,000 gross; $418,000 net). If you read the newspaper headlines, you will think they are paid, on average, about $307,000. If you ask doctors – and family docs in particular – they will tell you their take-home pay is less than that of many plumbers and auto workers. What’s perplexing is that both those statements are true.", "Primary-care physicians include family doctors, pediatricians, internal-medicine specialists and obstetrician-gynecologists. Those in the U.S. earned an average after expenses in 2008 of $186,582, versus $125,000 in Canada, $159,000 in Britain and just $92,000 in Australia. Despite recent fee hikes, Canadian doctors still lag dramatically far behind their American counterparts in income, according to a new study that also underscores the wide pay gap in both countries between front-line “primary-care” physicians and much-wealthier surgical specialists.", "Average Physician Pay vs. Other Best Jobs. Most doctors are paid well. In fact, a physician’s average salary was $188,440 in 2013, which was higher than any other salary in our Best Health Care Jobs list. Dentists, who made an average salary of $164,570 had the next highest salary. And pharmacists, by comparison, made approximately $116,500 in 2013. Registered nurses, who often work closely with doctors, made an average salary of $68,910 in 2013, or about $119,530 less than physicians", "A physician’s average salary varies. In 2013, a general internist made a median salary of $186,850, according to the BLS. Areas of the country that pay physicians particularly well include Wilmington, North Carolina; Wichita, Kansas; and Tallahassee, Florida. In fact, a physician’s average salary was $188,440 in 2013, which was higher than any other salary in our Best Health Care Jobs list. Dentists, who made an average salary of $164,570 had the next highest salary. And pharmacists, by comparison, made approximately $116,500 in 2013. Registered nurses, who often work closely with doctors, made an average salary of $68,910 in 2013, or about $119,530 less than physicians" ], "url": [ "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/physicians/medical-doctor-salary-md", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/physicians/medical-doctor-salary-md", "http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/canadian-doctors-still-make-dramatically-less-than-u-s-counterparts-study", "http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/canadian-doctors-still-make-dramatically-less-than-u-s-counterparts-study", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/physicians/medical-doctor-salary-md", "http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/health-and-fitness/health/how-much-are-canadian-doctors-paid/article7750697/", "http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/canadian-doctors-still-make-dramatically-less-than-u-s-counterparts-study", "http://money.usnews.com/careers/best-jobs/physician/salary", "http://money.usnews.com/careers/best-jobs/physician/salary" ] }

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[ "Camera obscura" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The First Photograph, or more specifically, the earliest known surviving photograph made in a camera, was taken by Joseph Nicephore Nicéphore niepce niépce in 1826. or 1827", "Alhazen invented the first Pinhole Camera, also known as Camera Obscura. It made people aware of the true reason as to why the image was often upside down. Joseph N. Niepce made the first photographic image. Joseph's main idea was to capture the image by making the light draw the picture.", "The name of the first camera is camera obscura and is described to be the foundation on which most modern cameras are based on. Johann Zahn made the first camera, in 1685.", "Photographic cameras were a development of the camera obscura, a device possibly dating back to the ancient Chinese and ancient Greeks, which uses a pinhole or lens to project an image of the scene outside upside-down onto a viewing surface. An Arab physicist, Ibn al-Haytham, published his Book of Optics in 1021 AD.", "Answer by Karthick Dharmarajan. Confidence votes 6. Camera obscura.Photographic cameras were a development of the camera obscura, a device dating back to the ancient Chinese[1] and ancient Greeks,[2][3] which uses a pinhole or lens to project an image of the scene outside upside-down onto a viewing surface.", "The First Photograph, or more specifically, the earliest known surviving photograph made in a camera, was taken by Joseph Nicephore Nicéphore niepce niépce in 1826. Or 1827 the image depicts the view from an upstairs Window'at niepce, Niépce S, estate le Gras in the Burgundy. region of france" ], "url": [ "http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/permanent/firstphotograph/", "http://www.inventionreaction.com/famous/Camera", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_name_of_the_first_camera", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_camera", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_name_of_the_first_camera_invented", "http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/permanent/firstphotograph/" ] }

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[ "Connective Tissue", "Deep fascia (or investing fascia) is a fascia, a layer of fibrous connective tissue which can surround individual muscles, and also divide groups of muscles into fascial compartments.", "Connective tissue" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "In short, the Deep Fascia (or muscle fascia) is defined as; the connective tissue that surrounds (or encloses) individual muscles and muscle groups. 1 Superficial Fascia, which is mostly associated with the skin; 2 Deep Fascia, which is mostly associated with the muscles, bones, nerves and blood vessels; and. 3 Visceral (or Subserous) Fascia, which is mostly associated with the internal organs.", "(Discuss) Proposed since November 2014. A fascia (/ˈfaeʃə/ , /ˈfæʃə/ ; ˈfaeʃiə ˈfæʃiə /plural.fasciae/ ; ˈfaeʃɨ ˈfæʃɨ; i Adjective : fascial) from latin band is a band or sheet of, connective tissue, fibers primarily collagen that forms beneath the, skin, to, attach stabilize enclose and separate muscles and. other internal organs Fasciae are classified according to their distinct layers as in superficial fascia, deep (or muscle) fascia, visceral and parietal fascia, and by their functions and anatomical location.", "1 9Fascial Planes of the Head and Neck The entire body is enclosed in a large envelope, the skin. The organs, glands, muscles,blood vessels, and other structures are enclosed in individual envelopes deep to the skin.These deep envelopes are composed of fibrous connective tissue. Connective Tissue The connective tissues are all the connecting and supporting tissues in the body. Evenbone and cartilage are considered connective tissues. These tissues may be classifiedaccording to the texture or character of the intercellular matrix.The intercellular matrix is the material or substance that comprises the bulk of thetissue and serves to bind the entire mass into a unit.", "Fascia, a specific type of connective tissue, is a continuous sheath that provides structural support for the skeleton and soft tissues (muscles, tendons, etc.). Gravity, injury, illness, emotional trauma, or other stresses can affect fascia, causing an imbalance in the connective tissue network. In this situation, CTM is the most direct way to restore length and flexibility to the fascia, normalizing the tissue and bringing greater health through the fascial network. The term connective tissue refers to tissues that surround, protect, and support all of the other structure in the body.", "(Discuss) Proposed since November 2014. Deep fascia (or investing fascia) is a fascia, a layer of fibrous connective tissue which can surround individual muscles, and also divide groups of muscles into fascial compartments. This dense fibrous connective tissue interpenetrates and surrounds the muscles, bones, nerves and blood vessels of the body. It provides connection and communication in the form of aponeuroses, ligaments, tendons, retinacula, joint capsules, and septa. Deep fascia can contract. What happens during the fight-or-flight response is an example of rapid fascial contraction. In response to a real or imagined threat to the organism, the body responds with a temporary increase in the stiffness of the fascia.", "Fascia is a layer of fibrous tissue that surrounds muscles, vessels and nerves. In the neck, there are several layers of fascia, which act to support and compartmentalise the structures present. ", "Fascia is a fibrous connective tissue that is present throughout the entire body, not just the muscles. There are three main types of fascia: 1 Superficial Fascia, which is mostly associated with the skin; 2 Deep Fascia, which is mostly associated with the muscles, bones, nerves and blood vessels; and. 3 Visceral (or Subserous) Fascia, which is mostly associated with the internal organs. 1", "fascia. a sheet or band of fibrous tissue such as lies deep to the skin or invests muscles and various body organs. adj., adj fas´cial. Organization and connective tissue components of skeletal muscle. fascia la´ta the external investing fascia of the thigh. Scarpa's fascia the deep, membranous layer of the subcutaneous abdominal fascia. superficial fascia. 1. a fascial sheet lying directly beneath the skin. 2. subcutaneous tissue." ], "url": [ "http://stretchcoach.com/articles/stretching-fascia/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fascia", "http://www.famona.sezampro.rs/medifiles/ANATOMY/FRIED/fried09.pdf", "http://www.johnlatz.com/ctm_faqs.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_fascia", "http://teachmeanatomy.info/neck/misc/fascial-layers/", "http://stretchcoach.com/articles/stretching-fascia/", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/deep+fascia" ] }

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[ "Expressionism, modern painting and symbolism." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A Norwegian born expressionist painter, Edvard Munch lived a tumultuous life, which was represented in his paintings. As a child, he was often ill in the winter, and kept out of school. To pass the time, he spent his days drawing. ", "A majority of the works which Edvard Munch created, were referred to as the style known as symbolism. This is mainly because of the fact that the the paintings he made focused on the internal view of the objects, as opposed to the exterior, and what the eye could see. Edvard Munch was born in Norway in 1863, and was raised in Christiania (known as Oslo today). He was related to famous painters and artists in their own right, Jacob Munch (painter), and Peter Munch (historian). Only a few years after he was born, Edvard Munch's mother diet of tuberculosis in 1868, and he was raised by his father", "Norwegian artist Edvard Munch (1863–1944), like other Symbolist artists and writers throughout Europe in the 1890s, rejected the Impressionist practice of studying the effects of light on the exterior world and instead looked inward to explore themes of love and jealousy, loneliness and anxiety, sickness and death. ", "Edvard Munch (/mʊŋk/ ; [ˈɛdvɑʈ muŋk]. ; 12 December 1863 – 23 January 1944) was a Norwegian painter and printmaker whose intensely evocative treatment of psychological themes built upon some of the main tenets of late 19th-century Symbolism and greatly influenced German Expressionism in the early 20th century. Edvard Munch was born in a farmhouse in the village of Ådalsbruk ådalsbruk In, Loeten, løten Norway To Laura catherine Bjoelstad Bjølstad, and christian munch the son. of a priest", "About The Scream. Although this fact is often forgotten, Munch intended The Scream to be part of a series, known as the Frieze of Life. The series dealt with emotional life, presumably applicable to all modern humans though, in reality, it was applicable to Munch's favorite subject (Edvard Munch). Frieze... ", "In fact, the main style of Munch's work is post-impressionism, and focused on this style. From about 1892, to 1908, Munch split most of his time in Paris and in Berlin; it was in 1909 which he decided to return to his hometown, and go back to Norway. Edvard Munch was born in Norway in 1863, and was raised in Christiania (known as Oslo today). He was related to famous painters and artists in their own right, Jacob Munch (painter), and Peter Munch (historian). Only a few years after he was born, Edvard Munch's mother diet of tuberculosis in 1868, and he was raised by his father", "Father of Expressionism. The Norwegian artist Edvard Munch is regarded as a pioneer in the Expressionist movement in modern painting. At an early stage Munch was recognized in Germany and central Europe as one of the creators of a new epoch. ", "Edvard Munch was one of the most famous Norwegian artists, and he lived from 1863 to 1944. During his lifetime, he experienced a lot of deaths in his family, and the pain, anxiety and suffering is reflected in his artwork. Munch is best known for his work called The Scream, which he printed and painted. The artist is difficult to categorize, but was often included among the expressionist artists. Munch's style was considered shocking at the time. In fact, the style was so shocking, an exhibition in 1892 had to shut down. Blood red and orange are the colors that dominate most of Edvard Munch's paintings. The artist found that these colors express best the feelings of anxiety and pain. For instance, in The Scream the clouds and the sky are red and orange, resonating with the feelings of anxiety.", "Edvard Munch is best known as being a Norwegian born, expressionist painter, and printer. In the late 20th century, he played a great role in German expressionism, and the art form that later followed; namely because of the strong mental anguish that was displayed in many of the pieces that he created. Edvard Munch was born in Norway in 1863, and was raised in Christiania (known as Oslo today). He was related to famous painters and artists in their own right, Jacob Munch (painter), and Peter Munch (historian). Only a few years after he was born, Edvard Munch's mother diet of tuberculosis in 1868, and he was raised by his father" ], "url": [ "http://www.wikiart.org/en/edvard-munch", "http://www.edvardmunch.org/", "http://artmuseum.princeton.edu/story/edvard-munch-symbolism-print-masterworks-museum-modern-art-new-york", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edvard_Munch", "http://arthistory.about.com/od/Edvard-Munch/ss/The-Scream-by-Edvard-Munch.htm", "http://www.edvardmunch.org/", "http://mnc.net/norway/munch.htm", "http://entertainmentguide.local.com/painting-techniques-edvard-munch-9825.html", "http://www.edvardmunch.org/" ] }

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[ "$135 - $245 per ton" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "There is no set number of bails per month that a horse will eat. Each bail of hay varies in the number of flakes it has in it (between 12 and 15 flakes) and an average sized … horse (1,000 lbs) generally consumes 3-4 flakes per day if they are not also on pasture or other sources of feed. In a good growing season, around 50 to 100 bales. However this all depends on your location, moisture content, time of harvest, climate, forage quality, etc. that determines h … ow many bales per acre you will get. Another caveat to this answer: A lot depends on the stand of hay.", "The bottom price line is easier to predict for hay. Michigan State University Extension budgets for 2013 predict that the average Michigan producer with hay yields around 4 ton per acre of dry hay will realize a cost of production in the range of $105 – 115 per ton at 16 percent moisture hay. In big and small square bale packages this same type of hay is bringing $135 - $245 per ton. The high-quality alfalfa hays are still in very short supply and are bringing $200 - $320 per ton with not much price difference between the round and square bales.", "Should also measure quality of the hay, not just quantity. Average Pasture. Here's an example calculation for a lower productivity field that is typical in western Oregon: 1 Production of 2 Tons/acre and the bales weigh 65 lb. 2 4,000 lb./65 lb. per bale = 62 bales/ac. ", "Each year, 500 acres of corn silage, 500 acres of first cut hay, and 500 acres of latter cuttings are harvesting. Per hour corn silage harvesting costs vary between the two machines. The pull-type harvester is estimated to harvest 1.9 acres per hour while the self-propelled unit harvests 4.5 acres per hour. ", "HAY. Michigan's hay production was estimated at 5.8 million tons in 1993, up 25% from 1992. Alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures accounted for 87% of all hay produced. Harvested acres increased 100,000 acres from the previous year, to 1.5 million. The average all hay yield was 3.86 tons per acre, up 0.55 tons from 1992. Value of the hay crop was $388.3 million, up 8% from a year earlier, while the average price per ton decreased to $68.00 from $77.50 in 1992. Hay, which includes dried forage crops like alfalfa, clover and other legumes and grasses, is an important part of the dairy cow's diet.", "But prices have moderated slightly on the lower quality first cut alfalfa/grass mixed hays. Those hays in round bale packages are bringing $120 - $180 per ton. In big and small square bale packages this same type of hay is bringing $135 - $245 per ton. The high-quality alfalfa hays are still in very short supply and are bringing $200 - $320 per ton with not much price difference between the round and square bales.", "In the 2-4 years, after the hay has been established, the first cutting is the largest and can produce anywhere from 75-100 bales of hay per acre. The second cutting usually yields 50-75 bales, and it continues to decrease from there. In a good growing season, around 50 to 100 bales. However this all depends on your location, moisture content, time of harvest, climate, forage quality, etc. that determines h … ow many bales per acre you will get. Another caveat to this answer: A lot depends on the stand of hay.", "The amount of Hay Bales that you yield from one acre is dependant on many variables. This includes the rate per acre it was seeded at, the ratio of grass to alfalfa used, and the size of the bale. It is also dependant on how many cuttings are available in one year. Usually land seeded for hay is planted at 20-30lbs per acre. In a good growing season, around 50 to 100 bales. However this all depends on your location, moisture content, time of harvest, climate, forage quality, etc. that determines h … ow many bales per acre you will get. Another caveat to this answer: A lot depends on the stand of hay.", "The Michigan hay markets are beginning to show signs of price relief for buyers from the drought-driven high prices of 2012-2013. Rainfall has returned across much of Michigan and hay yields have rebounded on the first cutting harvest. Even so, prices have not fallen to pre-2012 levels. In big and small square bale packages this same type of hay is bringing $135 - $245 per ton. The high-quality alfalfa hays are still in very short supply and are bringing $200 - $320 per ton with not much price difference between the round and square bales." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_many_square_bails_can_you_get_out_of_an_acre_of_hay", "http://msue.anr.msu.edu/news/michigan_hay_markets_beginning_to_show_signs_of_price_relief", "http://extension.oregonstate.edu/question-of-the-week/hey-how-much-hay", "http://www.farmdoc.illinois.edu/manage/machinery/machinery_forage.html", "http://www.geo.msu.edu/geogmich/hay.html", "http://msue.anr.msu.edu/news/michigan_hay_markets_beginning_to_show_signs_of_price_relief", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_many_square_bails_can_you_get_out_of_an_acre_of_hay", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_many_square_bails_can_you_get_out_of_an_acre_of_hay", "http://msue.anr.msu.edu/news/michigan_hay_markets_beginning_to_show_signs_of_price_relief" ] }

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[ "Raccoon dog" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "In fact, it is the fox-like Mujina (conflated with Tanuki) who comes first to Japan. Unlike foxes, who appear often in Japanese texts from the 8th century forward, the mujina are only mentioned twice in the Nihon Shoki 日本書紀 (Japan’s oldest text, also known as the Nihongi or Chronicles of Japan, circa 720 AD). For all practical purposes, the moniker “TANUKI” includes other similar creatures like the badger, racoon, the mujina 貉 and mami 貒 (other names for Tanuki in some Japanese localities), wild mountain dogs and cats, and most other fox-like creatures. This confusion is sometimes the source of great amusement.", "The Tanuki or Japanese raccoon faced dog is a real creature living in the region of Japan around the Amur river. It is Canis viverriuns, nyctereutes or procionides, that belongs to the dog family. ", "Bottom: the Tanooki Suit's statue ability. The Tanooki Suit is a fairly uncommon item found in Super Mario Bros. 3 and its subsequent remakes. It transforms Mario or Luigi into Tanooki Mario or Tanooki Luigi, respectively. The suit grants the same abilities as the Super Leaf, with the added ability of turning into a statue when the player holds down on the and presses at the same time. While Tanooki Mario returns in Super Mario 3D Land, the Tanooki Suit doesn't. Instead, Mario must obtain a Super Leaf to transform into Tanooki Mario. Tanooki Mario is only able to whip enemies with his tail and scuttle to jump longer.", "Please tell me your name.” —Kings, Super Mario Bros. 3. Tanooki Mario is a form of Mario or Luigi that first appeared in Super Mario Bros. 3. In its debut, it was essentially an advanced version of Raccoon Mario, with the addition of a temporary transformation into a stone statue, attained by donning a Tanooki Suit. The first appearance of Tanooki Mario is in Super Mario Bros. 3, when Mario obtains a Tanooki Suit. In this form, he can turn into an invulnerable statue when pressing and Down on the at the same time, in addition to using Raccoon Mario 's moves. This makes it an improved version of Raccoon Mario.", "Tanuki. The Japanese name for the raccoon-dog, Nyctereuctes procyonoides. In folklore the animal is credited with supernatural powers, including shapeshifting, money counterfeiting, and most notably of expanding its already very large scrotum to use as a drum or a weapon.", "5. Raccoon dogs have a long, storied history in Japanese folklore. The subspecies of raccoon dog native to Japan is known as the tanuki. In addition to being a real animal, tanuki are also found throughout Japanese folklore as mystical, shape-shifting spirits called Bake-danuki. Bake-danuki, which literally means monster raccoon dog, belong to a class of Japanese spirit monsters called the yōkai. Despite their masked appearance, raccoon dogs are not closely related to raccoons. Rather, they belong to the Canidae family, alongside wolves and foxes. The raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) is also a basal species, which means it most resembles the ancestral form of the Canidae family.", "Tanuki a.k.a. Japanese raccoon dog: The Tanuki, also known as Japanese Raccoon Dog in Japanese, is a subspecies of the raccoon dog native to Japan. 1 read more about Japanese raccoon dog. ", "This form's name comes from the tanuki, an animal found in Japan and often depicted in folklore. The form that Statue Mario takes in Super Mario Bros. 3 resembles Kshitigarbha, the protector of travelers and the guardian of souls, who is known as Daigan Jizō Bosatsu in Japan. The first appearance of Tanooki Mario is in Super Mario Bros. 3, when Mario obtains a Tanooki Suit. In this form, he can turn into an invulnerable statue when pressing and Down on the at the same time, in addition to using Raccoon Mario 's moves. This makes it an improved version of Raccoon Mario.", "In Japan, Raccoon dog is known as Tanuki which scientific name is called Nyctereutes procyonoides. It is a cute name and fully matched with this cute animal. Tanuki are native animal to Japan. It belongs to Mammal species of the canid family member and similar to badger, foxes, wolves and domestic dogs. Tanuki is well respected in Japanese society. It is a legendary name we all know about. If you are interested in reading Japanese folktale then you could start reading some. This is where you could discover Tanuki such as in the story of Bunbuku Chagama (Lucky Tea Kettle Story).", "Real Life Tanuki The Tanuki is also a real animal. It is often confused with the badger (ana-guma) and the raccoon (arai-guma) . It is neither -- it is an atypical species of dog that can grow up to 60 cm. in length, with distinctive stripes of black fur under its eyes. For all practical purposes, the moniker “TANUKI” includes other similar creatures like the badger, racoon, the mujina 貉 and mami 貒 (other names for Tanuki in some Japanese localities), wild mountain dogs and cats, and most other fox-like creatures. This confusion is sometimes the source of great amusement." ], "url": [ "http://www.onmarkproductions.com/html/tanuki.shtml", "http://students.uat.edu/chrselog/tanuki.html", "http://www.mariowiki.com/Tanooki_Suit", "http://www.mariowiki.com/Tanooki_Mario", "http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Tanuki", "http://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/animals/stories/what-the-heck-is-a-tanuki-8-things-you-didnt-know-about-raccoon-dogs", "http://www.omnilexica.com/?q=tanuki", "http://www.mariowiki.com/Tanooki_Mario", "http://www.kyuhoshi.com/2014/12/01/japanese-raccoon-dog-tanuki/", "http://www.onmarkproductions.com/html/tanuki.shtml" ] }

[]

[ "Approximately $10,000." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "About 10 to 15 percent of that group two to 10 years out may need a revisional procedure to reduce the size of their gastric pouch for further weight loss or to treat a post-operative bariatric surgery syndrome such as dumping. “This is currently the only endoscopic or nonsurgical way to reduce the size of the stomach after gastric bypass surgery.” The procedure also results in a smaller opening of the stomach’s pouch; a decrease in the stretch of the stomach, so that it can’t hold as much food; and a slower emptying of the stomach.", "Cost of StomaphyX and Transoral ROSE. The weight loss surgery cost of StomaphyX and transoral ROSE is roughly $8,500 to $12,500. Insurance may cover select cases if there is a medical reason for undergoing the procedure, such as severe dumping syndrome, or a failed or botched bariatric surgery. Your surgeon will likely use general anesthesia to perform either procedure. They each take about 30 minutes to perform depending on the size of the stomach pouch and how much revision is needed. Some people go home the same day of their StomaphyX or transoral ROSE procedure, while others may stay overnight.", "ROSE Procedure. The ROSE (Restorative, Obesity Surgery, Endolumenal) procedure is a revision weight loss surgery (WLS) for patients who have had gastric bypass surgery (also known as Roux-en-Y surgery) previously (at least 2 years ago) and lost 50% of excess weight but regained at least 15% of it back. To be eligible for the ROSE procedure you must have had the gastric bypass procedure at least 2 years ago, lost 50% of your excess body weight following the surgery and regained 15% of it back. In some cases, patients may also be a candidate if they underwent gastric bypass surgery but failed to lose weight.", "It takes about 30 minutes to perform depending on the size of the stomach pouch and how much revision is needed. As a result of StomaphyX surgery, your stomach is slower to empty, leaving you feeling fuller, faster, and thus able to lose more weight. Your surgeon will likely use general anesthesia to perform either procedure. They each take about 30 minutes to perform depending on the size of the stomach pouch and how much revision is needed. Some people go home the same day of their StomaphyX or transoral ROSE procedure, while others may stay overnight.", "Exactly how much weight a person loses after these revision procedures varies. Depending on your motivation, you can lose up to 30 percent of your excess weight. The weight loss surgery cost of StomaphyX and transoral ROSE is roughly $8,500 to $12,500. Your surgeon will likely use general anesthesia to perform either procedure. They each take about 30 minutes to perform depending on the size of the stomach pouch and how much revision is needed. Some people go home the same day of their StomaphyX or transoral ROSE procedure, while others may stay overnight.", "She had gained approximately 50 pounds since her gastric bypass. Since the StomaphyX procedure was performed, she has lost 26 pounds, or 38 percent, of her excess body weight. “It is estimated that over 1 million people in the last 15 years have undergone gastric bypass surgery. “This is currently the only endoscopic or nonsurgical way to reduce the size of the stomach after gastric bypass surgery.” The procedure also results in a smaller opening of the stomach’s pouch; a decrease in the stretch of the stomach, so that it can’t hold as much food; and a slower emptying of the stomach.", "ROSE, which stands for Restorative Obesity Surgery, Endolumenal, is a new, safer, incisionless, gastric bypass revision. It is not a primary method of weight loss surgery, but a follow-up procedure that is specifically designed for gastric bypass patients with weight regain. The purpose of the ROSE procedure is to reduce the size of the stomach and stoma to recreate the restriction of the original gastric bypass. Most gastric bypass patients are able to lose a significant amount of excess weight following surgery and keep it off long-term.", "The StomaphyX procedure is a new and innovative revision procedure for individuals who have had Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery and have regained weight due to a stretched stomach pouch or enlarged stomach outlet. As a leader in weight loss surgery, we are excited to be one of the first practices in the United States to offer a new and much less invasive procedure which offers substantial benefits to our patients. Dr. Victor Gonzalez is one of the most experienced specialists to be performing procedures with the StomaphyX.", "A frequent question that people have is how much does otoplasty / ear plastic surgery / ear shaping surgery / ear reshaping surgery cost. There are some resources for the average cost of otoplasty that range from 2500-3000 for the surgeons fee. Earlobe repair for torn earlobe how much will that cost. Earlobe repair for torn earlobe how much will that cost by of Dr. Philip Young Bellevue | Seattle: In general it will cost somewhere in the range of 500-5000 for otoplasty earlobe repair depending on who you go to and what area it is.", "The cost for the ROSE procedure will vary, but is approximately $10,000. What you pay will depend on where the procedure is performed, how long you stay in the facility, surgeon fee, and other associated surgical factors. Your doctor will be able to give you an estimate of the total cost during your consultation. The purpose of the ROSE procedure is to reduce the size of the stomach and stoma to recreate the restriction of the original gastric bypass. Most gastric bypass patients are able to lose a significant amount of excess weight following surgery and keep it off long-term." ], "url": [ "http://surgery.osu.edu/general_gastro/article.cfm?ID=3410", "http://www.yourbariatricsurgeryguide.com/bariatric-surgery-revision/", "https://www.healthbase.com/hb/cm/ROSE-procedure-Restorative-Obesity-Surgery-Endolumenal-weight-loss-surgery-revision-gastric-bypass-endoscopic-incisionless.html", "http://www.yourbariatricsurgeryguide.com/bariatric-surgery-revision/", "http://www.yourbariatricsurgeryguide.com/bariatric-surgery-revision/", "http://surgery.osu.edu/general_gastro/article.cfm?ID=3410", "http://www.wlshelp.com/rose-procedure.html", "http://obesitysurgerydallas.com/stomaphyx.html", "http://www.ayoungyou.com/category/procedures/otoplasty-ear-reshaping-ear-shaping/", "http://www.wlshelp.com/rose-procedure.html" ] }

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[ "Tocopherol is one of the 2 members of the vitamin E family. The other member is known as tocotrienol." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The Difference Between Tocopherol and Tocotrienol. Tocopherol is one of the 2 members of the vitamin E family. The other member is known as tocotrienol. Vitamin E incorporates 8 different compounds. These include 4 tocopherols (alpha, beta, gamma and delta) and 4 tocotrienols (alpha, beta, gamma and delta). Both of them require fat in the diet in order to be absorbed and distributed within the body. Although it may seem like the two members are similar, various differences exist between them as outlined below. ", "Tocotrienols are natural compounds found in select vegetable oils, including rice bran oil and palm oil, wheat germ, barley, saw palmetto, anatto, and certain other types of seeds, nuts, grains, and the oils derived from them. This variant of vitamin E typically only occurs at very low levels in nature. Chemically, vitamin E in all of its forms functions as an antioxidant. All of the tocotrienol and tocopherol isomers have this antioxidant activity due to the ability to donate a hydrogen atom (a proton plus electron) from the hydroxyl group on the chromanol ring, to a free radical in the body.", "Tocotrienols, which are related compounds, also have vitamin E activity. All of these various derivatives with vitamin activity may correctly be referred to as vitamin E . Tocopherols and tocotrienols are fat-soluble antioxidants but also seem to have many other functions in the body. The proportion of vitamin E to other tocopherols in a nutrient source varies greatly. For example, the tocopherol content is 96% vitamin E in almonds and 9% vitamin E in poppy seeds.", "An essential nutrient for the body, vitamin E is made up of four tocopherols (alpha, beta, gamma, delta) and four tocotrienols (alpha, beta, gamma, delta). Chemically, vitamin E in all of its forms functions as an antioxidant. All of the tocotrienol and tocopherol isomers have this antioxidant activity due to the ability to donate a hydrogen atom (a proton plus electron) from the hydroxyl group on the chromanol ring, to a free radical in the body.", "The first-ever scientific compilation of tocotrienol research, Tocotrienols: Vitamin E Beyond Tocopherols, was published in 2008 by CRC and AOCS Press, while a second edition was published in 2013. Chemically, vitamin E in all of its forms functions as an antioxidant. All of the tocotrienol and tocopherol isomers have this antioxidant activity due to the ability to donate a hydrogen atom (a proton plus electron) from the hydroxyl group on the chromanol ring, to a free radical in the body.", "Comparison of Tocotrienols and Tocopherols. Until recently, there had not been much discussion of the tocotrienol portion of the vitamin E family. This is due to several factors, but the most significant is the emphasis of alpha tocopherol at the expense of the rest of the vitamin E complex. While the chromanol “heads” of the respective alpha, beta, gamma, and delta tocopherols and tocotrienols are the same, they differ in their hydrocarbon “tails.”. 1 Tocopherols have phytyl side chains attached to their chromanol nuclei. 2 Tocotrienols have tails that are unsaturated and form an isoprenoid chain.", "The term vitamin E actually refers not just to one molecule, but a family of molecules that are chemically similar. That's why sometimes you'll see the words mixed tocopherols on a vitamin E label. There are multiple forms of tocopherol, including alpha and gamma, and a sub-family of compounds called tocotrienols. The most predominant molecule in the vitamin E family is alpha-tocopherol, and most of the time, when one says tocopherol, they are referring to alpha-tocopherol. (As I will be doing for the purposes of this discussion.). Tocopheryl acetate is the ester of ", "The vitamin E family consists of four tocopherols and four tocotrienols each designated as alpha, beta, gamma, or delta based upon slight differences in attached molecules. ", "The vitamin E family consists of four tocotrienols and four tocopherols. D alpha tocopherol is the commonly understood form of vitamin E and has been extensively researched and has its own value to human health. The difference between tocotrienols and tocopherols is the “tail” on the vitamin E molecule. Tocopherols have a long saturated tail. Tocotrienols have a short unsaturated tail. The unique structure of tocotrienols enables them to do many things that tocopherols cannot do" ], "url": [ "http://www.fitday.com/fitness-articles/nutrition/healthy-eating/the-difference-between-tocopherol-and-tocotrienol.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocotrienol", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocopherol", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocotrienol", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocotrienol", "http://www.acgrace.com/what-are-tocotrienols/", "http://chemicaloftheday.squarespace.com/qa/2011/4/26/tocopherol-vs-tocopheryl-acetate.html", "http://www.lifeextensionvitamins.com/de21cevie.html", "http://www.wellnessresources.com/health/articles/tocotrienols_twenty_years_of_dazzling_cardiovascular_and_cancer_research/" ] }

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[ "Puppies that are older than 12 weeks." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Putting a puppy in some warm, shallow water for a shampoo-less bath can be beneficial to both her and you. Breeds that require a lot of grooming will benefit from getting used to bath time at a young age. In fact, a puppy's early introduction to a bath can also benefit you, no matter what breed she is.", "Puppies at any age like to get dirty. But it is not smart to bathe your puppy when it is too young. You should only bathe puppies that are older than 12 weeks. Until they are old enough you might have to settle cleaning your puppy with a sponge bath. Before your dog is 12 weeks old the less water the better. Just spot clean your puppy with a damp cloth.", "Not all dog shampoos are suitable for all puppies; the label will note the age at which the product is safe for use. Puppies shouldn't be bathed using most dog shampoos until they're 12 weeks old, but dog shampoos differ, much as human shampoos do. For example, if your puppy got into something stinky, you can use a deodorizing shampoo.", "When your dog does need a bath, be sure to use a shampoo that was specifically designed for dogs, because even the most mild human shampoo is not formulated for your dog—and it can cause dry, itchy, irritated skin. If you're not sure about how often you should bathe your dog, ask an experienced groomer or your vet.", "In general, puppies don't need to be bathed unless they're visibly dirty or smelly. Puppies -- and older dogs -- need the natural oils in their fur to keep their coats and skin healthy. Most dog shampoos are for dogs around 3 months old or older, but you can still bathe younger puppies if need be." ], "url": [ "http://dogcare.dailypuppy.com/old-can-puppy-bath-2574.html", "http://www.juliespetportraits.com/articles/first_puppy_bath.html", "http://dogcare.dailypuppy.com/old-can-puppy-bath-2574.html", "http://www.pedigree.com/connect/answer.aspx?id=7e846526-c386-4c2e-9817-48fdaf84a984", "http://dogcare.dailypuppy.com/old-can-puppy-bath-2574.html" ] }

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[ "Tile Grout" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Sanded Grout is used for any size grout lines 1/8″ and wider. Although the specifications state unsanded grout be used in grout lines that are exactly 1/8″, you really should use sanded for them. It will ensure proper adhesion to your tile and guard against too much shrinkage. No, not Seinfeld shrinkage, grout shrinkage.", "Grout is available in four types: sanded, unsanded, acrylic latex or epoxy. Choose the correct type of grout based on the width of your tile joints and where the repair is being done. 1 Measure the space between the tiles. 2 If the space is larger than 1/8 of an inch, use a sanded grout. 3 If the width is 1/8 of an inch or smaller, use an unsanded, acrylic latex or epoxy grout. ", "Whether you're tiling your kitchen floor or the backsplash, choosing the grout color is as important as selecting the tiles. The grout color helps determine whether the tiled surface fades into the background, becomes a focal point of the kitchen or visually lies somewhere in between. To make the tile surface a focal point, use grout in a contrasting color to the tile color. Black and white grout are dependable choices to contrast against light and dark colored tiles respectively, but also consider complementary colors, as these provide the most dramatic contrast.", "Pin it. When tiling a kitchen or bathroom floor many people spend days agonizing over the choice of tiles: What kind of tile (e.g., ceramic or glass); what shape (e.g., hex or penny round); and what color (neutral or colorful). Selecting the grout that will divide and frame the tiles is often a mere afterthought. Sanded grout should be used if the spaces between the tiles (known as joints) are greater than 1/8 inch. Sealing Grout: This is particularly important with light-colored grout and for floors in high-traffic and moisture-prone areas.", "Adding sand to grout makes it more resistant to cracking or shrinking. Sanded grout should be used if the spaces between the tiles (known as joints) are greater than 1/8 inch. Sealing Grout: This is particularly important with light-colored grout and for floors in high-traffic and moisture-prone areas.", "1 Use unsanded grout for stone tiles; sanded grout is used for most other installations. 2 Follow the manufacturer's instructions on the package for your tile type. 3 Use unsanded grout in narrow joints measuring 1/8 inch wide or less. 4 Sanded grout adds stability to joints wider than 1/8 inch. All About Tile Grout. Tile makes a striking design statement on floors, on kitchen backsplashes, and in bathrooms. Tile grout is an essential part of a tile installation. Learn the tips and tricks for using grout to give your tile job a finished, professional look.", "Tools for grouting floor tiles. In order to grout the floor tiles like a pro, you need to use the following tools. On one hand, you need a small bucket and a trowel to mix the grout thoroughly. On the other hand, you need a grout float to fill the gaps between tiles with compound. Floor tiles. If you like the appearance of the grout lines, you should use the cable. On the other hand, if you prefer the regular aspect of grout, you should skip directly to wiping off the excess with a dump sponge. Cleaning grout of floor tiles. First, you could use a dry cloth to remove the large residues of grout.", "SANDED GROUT. Sanded grout is the most common grout used for ceramic tile, stone, and any tile with a grout joint 1/8 inch or larger. Sanded grout is made of Portland cement, sand, and other additives. When installed, it is mixed with water and toweled into the grout joint. It takes approximately 24 hours for the grout to dry. UNSANDED OR WALL GROUT. Un-sanded grout, commonly called wall grout, is similar to sanded grout without the sand. Wall grout is used on ceramic tile, and polished marble, with grout joints smaller than 1/8 inch." ], "url": [ "http://floorelf.com/using-the-correct-type-of-grout", "http://www.lowes.com/projects/repair-and-maintain/repair-tile-grout/project", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/grout-colors-kitchen-tile-84983.html", "http://www.apartmenttherapy.com/a-primer-on-cho-146878", "http://www.apartmenttherapy.com/a-primer-on-cho-146878", "http://www.bhg.com/home-improvement/tile/installation-how-to/tile-grout/", "http://howtospecialist.com/indoor/grouting-floor-tiles/", "http://davethegroutguy.com/html/grout_types_guide.html" ] }

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[ "Pour 12 oz. of cola into the stained toilet bowl and swish it around the inside of the toilet with a toilet brush. Leave the cola in the toilet bowl water for one hour to wear off mineral stains.Flush the toilet to wash away the cola and loosened brown rings and stains.Scrub the sides to remove any mineral deposits loosened by the cola. Add 1 cup of white vinegar to the toilet bowl water to dissolve the rest of the stains. Sprinkle baking soda over the toilet brush to add a mild abrasive.Scrub the toilet bowl surface with the baking-soda-covered brush to remove the rest of the stains." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Find the valve behind the toilet where the water supply goes into the wall. 2 Turn the valve to the off position and then flush once or twice to remove all the water in the toilet tank. 3 Make a point to listen for running water after flushing, if you hear water you have not shut the valve off completely. ", "Vinegar, bleach and borax powder are some examples. Bleach -- If you want to use something stronger than vinegar, then use bleach. Bleach is best used when the rings and stains are already too tough. Pour half a cup of powder into the toilet bowl. Leave it that way for a few hours before you flush the bleach away. Don't forget to clean the toilet thoroughly. Vinegar - - Vinegar is always used to remove almost all types of stains, and cleaning your toilet with it is very effective because it can deal with lime scale and hard water deposits. To use vinegar, just pour a huge amount of it into the bowl. ", "Tip: Removing Stains From Toilet Bowl. To clean stubborn stains from your toilet bowl, first if you have a wet/dry vacuum, suck out all the water so you have a virtually liquid free bowl. Then, pour in hydrogen peroxide. It will get rid of all stains and lime. I would suggest using 1/2 a bottle for each cleaning. You might need more or less. You can also try lemon juice which is citric acid. For stains at the bottom of the bowl, empty all the water out of the toilet and pour in straight vinegar high enough to cover the stain. Then just let it sit until gone.", "Removing hard water stains from the toilet is possible with the right product or combination of products, and better yet, it's also possible to avoid having the stains build up as quickly and as thickly. We won't go soft on hard water stains. Launch Video TLC Family Guide: Public Restrooms. Launch Video. ", "And if you have stubborn mineral stains, it's even more of a pain. Believe it or not, mineral and rust stains in your toilet or tub -- greenish stripes, a brown ring, lime scale -- aren't caused by anything you're doing wrong in your cleaning regimen. It's simply something in the water. The rust-colored stains you find under your faucets or in your toilet turn up when iron meets air. Green or brown stains in the toilet usually indicate lime buildup. Lime scale forms as hard water evaporates and leaves a mineral buildup behind. As it dries, it picks up any dirt particles along with it, and slowly the stain builds, layer by layer, on the inside of the toilet bowl. Yuck!", "Clean the toilet with a toilet cleaner and a toilet brush. Follow all manufacturer's instructions for the chosen toilet cleaning product. Cleaning the commode first helps to lift any easily removed surface stains. Pour 1/2 cup of chlorine bleach or 1/2 can of regular (not diet) Coca-Cola into the bowl. Allow the bleach or Coca-Cola to remain in the toilet for at least two hours; overnight is optimal if possible.", "Scrub the commode with a toilet brush and flush to eliminate any residue that may have loosened from the toilet while it was soaking. Dampen a pumice stone with water and gently scrub away any residual stain that may be left. Pumice stones can scratch your commode so use caution and don't scrub too hard. Cleaning the commode first helps to lift any easily removed surface stains. Pour 1/2 cup of chlorine bleach or 1/2 can of regular (not diet) Coca-Cola into the bowl. Allow the bleach or Coca-Cola to remain in the toilet for at least two hours; overnight is optimal if possible.", "Instructions. Pour 12 oz. of cola into the stained toilet bowl and swish it around the inside of the toilet with a toilet brush. Leave the cola in the toilet bowl water for one hour to wear off mineral stains. Flush the toilet to wash away the cola and loosened brown rings and stains. Scrub the sides to remove any mineral deposits loosened by the cola. Add 1 cup of white vinegar to the toilet bowl water to dissolve the rest of the stains. Sprinkle baking soda over the toilet brush to add a mild abrasive. Scrub the toilet bowl surface with the baking-soda-covered brush to remove the rest of the" ], "url": [ "http://www.housecleaningcentral.com/en/cleaning-tips/bathrooms/get-rid-of-hard-water-stains-in-the-toilet.html", "http://www.howtogetridofstuff.com/how-to-get-rid-of-toilet-stains/", "http://www.thriftyfun.com/Removing-Toilet-Bowl-Stains-1.html", "http://home.howstuffworks.com/home-improvement/household-hints-tips/cleaning-organizing/how-to-get-hard-water-stains-out-of-your-toilet.htm", "http://home.howstuffworks.com/home-improvement/household-hints-tips/cleaning-organizing/how-to-clean-mineral-stains-from-your-toilet.htm", "http://www.ehow.com/how_8129716_brown-stains-out-commode.html", "http://www.ehow.com/how_8129716_brown-stains-out-commode.html", "http://www.ehow.com/how_10009293_brown-rings-stains-out-toilet-bowl.html" ] }

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[ "1 Movements of body parts: Skeletal muscles are responsible for all voluntary movements of human body parts. \n2 They provide the force by contracting actively at the expense of energy." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Muscular system has the following important functions in human body; 1 MOVEMENTS OF BODY PARTS: Skeletal muscles are responsible for all voluntary movements of human body parts. 2 They provide the force by contracting actively at the expense of energy.", "Muscular system is the system of Human Body that provides motor power for all movements of body parts. Muscular system is composed of special tissue called muscular tissue. Muscles have the ability to contract actvely to provide the force for", "1 STABILITY AND POSTURE: Skeletal muscles stabilize human skeleton and give a proper posture to human beings. 2 Some joints of human body are weak and they require the support of muscular system to achieve stability. 3 Skeletal muscles are very important for such joints.", "The muscular system is responsible for the movement of the human body. Attached to the bones of the skeletal system are about 700 named muscles that make up roughly half of a person’s body weight. Each of these muscles is a discrete organ constructed of skeletal muscle tissue, blood vessels, tendons, and nerves.", "Muscle tissue is important to a human body because the tissue protects the muscle, improves movement of the muscle(s) and the muscle itself and just simply holding the structu … re in place. Hope this help! :). 10 people found this useful.", "But the heart is by far, the most important muscle of the human body. Those obsessed with muscles tend to direct their attention towards their biceps and triceps. ", "Muscles are a type of tissue composed of contractile cells or fibers that effect MOVEMENT of a part of the human body. Its outstanding characteristics are the ability to shorten or contract and possess the properties of irritability, conductivity, and elasticity." ], "url": [ "http://www.mananatomy.com/body-systems/muscular-system", "http://www.mananatomy.com/body-systems/muscular-system", "http://www.mananatomy.com/body-systems/muscular-system", "http://www.innerbody.com/image/musfov.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_are_muscles_important", "http://www.pulsemed.org/muscle-of-the-human-body.htm", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_are_muscles_important" ] }

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[ "Hepatitis C" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Role of alcohol in the progression of liver disease caused by hepatitis C virus infection. 2 Hepatology 1998;27(6):1730-5. 3 Harris DR, Gonin R, Alter HJ, et al. 4 The relationship of acute transfusion-associated hepatitis to the development of cirrhosis in the presence of alcohol abuse. Patients with chronic hepatitis C infection likely should not drink alcohol. Heavy alcohol use has been found in multiple studies to be associated with fibrosis progression and cirrhosis. Light and moderate alcohol consumption also seem to contribute to liver disease.", "Worldwide, viral hepatitis is the most common cause of liver inflammation. Other causes include autoimmune diseases and ingestion of toxic substances (notably alcohol), certain medications (such as paracetamol), some industrial organic solvents, and plants. Acute hepatitis can be self-limiting (healing on its own), can progress to chronic hepatitis, or, rarely, can cause acute liver failure. Chronic hepatitis may have no symptoms, or may progress over time to fibrosis (scarring of the liver) and cirrhosis (chronic liver failure).", "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Alcoholic hepatitis is hepatitis (inflammation of the liver) due to excessive intake of alcohol. It is usually found in association with fatty liver, an early stage of alcoholic liver disease, and may contribute to the progression of fibrosis, leading to cirrhosis", "Hepatitis can have numerous causes, such as excessive alcohol consumption or infection by certain bacteria or viruses. One common cause of hepatitis is infection with one of several types of viruses (e.g., hepatitis A, B, or C viruses). With the development of new diagnostic tools, infections with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) have received increasing attention in recent years.", "Alcoholic hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver. It is typically caused by excessive alcohol consumption over a long period of time. If you develop this condition, you must stop drinking alcohol. Continued drinking can lead to additional health problems, such as cirrhosis (scarring) of the liver or liver failure. ", "It is caused by the virus HCV (hepatitis C Virus). The liver can swell and become damaged. In hepatitis C, unlike hepatitis B, liver cancer risk is only increased in people with cirrhosis and only 20% of hep C patients get cirrhosis. 1 Person can become infected with the hepatitis E virus (HEV) by drinking contaminated water. 2 Hepatitis that cannot be attributed to one of the viral forms of the disease is called hepatitis X. 3 Hepatitis G is another type of hepatitis caused by a specific virus (HGV).", "Most liver damage is caused by 3 hepatitis viruses, called hepatitis A, B and C. However, hepatitis can also be caused by alcohol and some other toxins and infections, as well as from our own autoimmune process (the body attacks itself). 1 Person can become infected with the hepatitis E virus (HEV) by drinking contaminated water. 2 Hepatitis that cannot be attributed to one of the viral forms of the disease is called hepatitis X. 3 Hepatitis G is another type of hepatitis caused by a specific virus (HGV).", "The name of each type of viral hepatitis condition corresponds to the virus that causes it. For example, hepatitis A is caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B is caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C is caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV). ", "Hepatitis C is an infectious liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The virus, which causes inflammation in the liver and can lead to more serious illness, primarily is spread by intravenous contact with the blood of an infected person. Role of alcohol in the progression of liver disease caused by hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology 27:1730–1735, 1998. Pessione, F.; Degos, F.; Marcellin, P.; et al. Effect of alcohol consumption on serum hepatitis C virus RNA and histological lesions in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 27(6):1717–1722, 1998." ], "url": [ "http://www.hepatitis.va.gov/provider/reviews/alcohol.asp", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholic_hepatitis", "http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh25-4/245-254.htm", "http://www.healthline.com/health/alcoholic-hepatitis", "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/145869.php", "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/145869.php", "http://umm.edu/health/medical/reports/articles/hepatitis", "http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh27-3/232-239.htm" ] }

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[ "18 years or older" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Most states place few restrictions on the ability of a business or individual to serve as an LLC member. An LLC member must generally be of the age of majority, which is usually 18 years old. No state places any citizenship requirement on a corporation or individual wishing to serve as an LLC member. A corporation does not need to be incorporated in the same state as where the LLC is being organized. Typically, the holding company, which may be a corporation, would be a member of the operating company, which may be an LLC. A business owner may be able to further insulate business assets from creditors by using a holding and operating company structure and maintaining corporate formalities.", "The company must then notify ASIC that you’re no longer a director or secretary of the company. For more information, see Information Sheet 14 Bankruptcy and personal insolvency agreements (INFO 14). ASIC can also ban you from being a company director in certain situations. If you’re not allowed to be a company director or secretary, you’re not allowed to manage a company. It is a serious offence to set up dummy directors while you really manage the company. Directors must also be 18 years or older. You must be fully up-to-date on what your company is doing: 1 Find out and assess for yourself how any proposed action will affect your company’s business performance, especially if it involves a lot of the company’s money.", "Some state business entity laws name the Secretary of State's office or business entity filing office as the registered agent of last resort, in the event the named registered agent can't be found. By law, service may be made on the office if the entities registered agent can not be found. In some states a business entity is legally allowed to act as its own registered agent, if at least one of its officers is a resident of the state, but other jurisdictions may require that a business entity designate a third party as its registered agent.", "Age limits. There is no maximum age limit, however sec157 CA2006 imposes a minimum age of 16 years. Sec159 CA 2006 states that the directorship ceases where a company has an under-age director on the implementation date (1st October 2008) and the necessary changes must be made. Nationality. There are no statutory limitations as to nationality or residence, etc. ", "If you will be operating your limited company from overseas, it is essential to have a Registered Office in the UK, where important letters and reminders from Companies House can be received and sent on to you abroad. However, they may also provide a ‘Service Address’. The service address will be on the public record and will be public information but the residential address will not be available to the public. A director can choose any address as the service address including the registered office address of the company.", "The registered agent's address may also be where the state sends the paperwork for the periodic renewal of the business entity's charter (if required). The registered agent for a business entity may be an officer or employee of the company, or a third party, such as the organization's lawyer or a service company. Failure to properly maintain a registered agent can affect a company negatively. In some states a business entity is legally allowed to act as its own registered agent, if at least one of its officers is a resident of the state, but other jurisdictions may require that a business entity designate a third party as its registered agent.", "An agent may be either an individual who is a resident of Missouri and whose business office is identical with the entity’s registered office, or it may be a corporation authorized to transact business in Missouri and which has a business office identical with the entity’s registered office. You may list a specific purpose directly related to your company’s business or endeavor, and you may supplement that with, or solely state, that the company’s business is to transact any or all lawful business for which a limited liability company may be organized under the laws of the State of Missouri.", "Filing a general business corporate registration report online saves the corporation $25 per year, and can be completed in a matter of minutes. The savings for filing articles of organization for a limited liability company online is $55.00 ($50.00 online versus $105.00 by paper). You may list a specific purpose directly related to your company’s business or endeavor, and you may supplement that with, or solely state, that the company’s business is to transact any or all lawful business for which a limited liability company may be organized under the laws of the State of Missouri." ], "url": [ "http://info.legalzoom.com/can-corporation-member-llc-4422.html", "http://asic.gov.au/for-business/running-a-company/company-officeholder-duties/your-company-and-the-law/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Registered_agent", "http://www.companylawclub.co.uk/who-can-be-a-director", "http://www.hanovercompanyservices.com/faq/who_is_needed.asp", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Registered_agent", "http://sos.mo.gov/business/corporations/faqs.asp", "http://sos.mo.gov/business/corporations/faqs.asp" ] }

[]

[ "The nucleus accumbens definitely plays a central role in the reward circuit. Its operation is based chiefly on two essential neurotransmitters: dopamine, which promotes desire, and serotonin, whose effects include satiety and inhibition." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "In the 1950s, psychologists identified a pleasure center in an area of the brain known as the nucleus accumbens. They found that laboratory animals would press a lever to deliver an electrical stimulus to their own brain's pleasure center repeatedly until they were exhausted—undeterred by hunger, thirst, or pain. ", "THE PLEASURE CENTRES AFFECTED BY DRUGS. The nucleus accumbens definitely plays a central role in the reward circuit. Its operation is based chiefly on two essential neurotransmitters: dopamine, which promotes desire, and serotonin, whose effects include satiety and inhibition. Many animal studies have shown that all drugs increase the production of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens, while reducing that of serotonin. Located in the midbrain, at the top of the brainstem, the VTA is one of the most primitive parts of the brain. It is the neurons of the VTA that synthesize dopamine, which their axons then send to the nucleus accumbens.", "The nucleus accumbens (NAcc), also known as the accumbens nucleus or as the nucleus accumbens septi (Latin for nucleus leaning against the septum), is a collection of neurons within the striatum and is one of the largest nuclei in the septal region. The principal neuronal cell type found in the nucleus accumbens is the medium spiny neuron. The neurotransmitter produced by these neurons is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), one of the main inhibitory neurotransmitters of the central nervous system.", "The nucleus accumbens (NAc or NAcc), also known as the accumbens nucleus or as the nucleus accumbens septi (Latin for nucleus adjacent to the septum) is a region in the basal forebrain rostral to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus. The nucleus accumbens core is the inner substructure of the nucleus accumbens. Location: The nucleus accumbens core is part of the ventral striatum, located within the basal ganglia.", "The nucleus accumbens (NA) is a small part of the brain that is important for motivation, pleasure, and addiction. Sometimes called the brain's “pleasure center,” this cluster of neurons modulates the effects of the neurotransmitter dopamine, on which many neural circuits depend. The nucleus accumbens is a link in the brain pathways that cause addiction and depression. Damage to this region of the brain causes a lack of motivation and inhibits addictive behavior. Linked to other other parts of the brain that modulate cycles of reward for behavior, the nucleus accumbens is part of a set of neural pathways that facilitate learning new behaviors by pleasurable reinforcement.", "The nucleus accumbens and the olfactory tubercle collectively form the ventral striatum, which is part of the basal ganglia. The nucleus accumbens can be divided into two structures -- the nucleus accumbens core and the nucleus accumbens shell. These structures have different morphology and function. The principal neuronal cell type found in the nucleus accumbens is the medium spiny neuron. The neurotransmitter produced by these neurons is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), one of the main inhibitory neurotransmitters of the central nervous system.", "Major inputs to the nucleus accumbens include the prefrontal cortex, basolateral amygdala, and dopaminergic neurons located in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), which connect via the mesolimbic pathway. Thus the nucleus accumbens is often described as one part of a cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loop. The nucleus accumbens core is the inner substructure of the nucleus accumbens. Location: The nucleus accumbens core is part of the ventral striatum, located within the basal ganglia.", "Function: The nucleus accumbens core is involved in the cognitive processing of motor function related to reward and reinforcement. Specifically, the core encodes new motor programs which facilitate the acquisition of a given reward in the future. The nucleus accumbens core is the inner substructure of the nucleus accumbens. Location: The nucleus accumbens core is part of the ventral striatum, located within the basal ganglia.", "nucleus accumbens. A limbic nucleus that sits at the ventral head of the striatum, contiguous with the caudate and putamen and adjacent to the olfactory tubercle. The nucleus accumbens is part of the ventral striatum nuclei. Synapses in the nucleus accumbens use dopamine as their neurotransmitter. Increasing the activity of these synapses (i.e., increasing the level of dopamine in the nucleus) leads to a rewarding or pleasurable sensation." ], "url": [ "https://www.sharecare.com/health/functions-of-the-brain/what-is-the-nucleus-accumbens", "http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_03/i_03_cr/i_03_cr_par/i_03_cr_par.html", "http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Nucleus_accumbens", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleus_accumbens", "http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-nucleus-accumbens.htm", "http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Nucleus_accumbens", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleus_accumbens", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleus_accumbens", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/nucleus+accumbens" ] }

[]

[ "Life, fertility and ever-renewing youth." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Mostly, pink-colored lotus flower is shown as a symbol in Hindu mythology. Lotus is also an important symbol in other religions like Buddhism and Jainism. Brahma, who is one of the three important deities of Hindus, is always depicted as meditating on the flower of lotus. Lotus is a symbol of etiquette and culture in Hinduism. In Latin, lotus is called as Nelumbo Nucifera. It is also known as Kamal in Hindi and Marathi. It is an auspicious as well as one of the most important symbols in Hinduism.", "The lotus is one of the most well-known symbols of Buddhism. The lotus flower is one of the Eight Auspicious Symbols in the religion, and is one of the most important images in the faith. The roots of a lotus flower extend into the mud and the stem grows up through the water and the flower blossoms above the surface", "The ultimate lotus flower meaning in the Hindu belief system is that the lotus flower symbol represents awakening to the spiritual reality of life. The opening of a lotus flower represents rising from primal thought and base energies to highest spiritual consciousness. The lotus flower in Hinduism has many layers of symbolism. The lotus appears in creation stories, enlightenment stories, and in association with the chakras. Like the Egyptian lotus flower symbolism mentioned on the last page, Hindus have a creation story with a lotus as well.", "Perhaps one of the strongest associations of the lotus flower with religion is that that is observed in Hinduism. In this religion the lotus flower meaning is associated with beauty, fertility, prosperity, spirituality, and eternity. The most common lotus form seen in Hinduism is the white lotus flower. Many of the gods and goddesses of Hinduism are linked to the flower, for example the goddess of prosperity, Laxmi, is usually depicted as being seated atop a fully opened lotus flower. Another interesting fact about the lotus flower meaning to the Egyptians was the way that it was used as a symbol for the unification of the two Egyptian kingdoms, that is to say the bonding of upper and lower Egypt.", "In Hindu, Buddhist and Egyptian religions, the lotus is considered a sacred flower. Among its many meanings and significance, the lotus is a symbol of spontaneous generation, and so it also represents divine birth, spiritual development and creation itself. The lotus also represents purity and non-attachment, and is a symbol of Bhakti or love for God. Most people let their love flow towards the mundan world. But a devotee redirects his love only towards God, who resides with in one s heart.", "The Lotus, the national flower of India, is a symbol of supreme reality. Hindu religion and mythology portray goddess Saraswathi, the muse of learning, as being seated on a lotus flower. To the Indian psyche, the lotus is more than a flower – it represents both beauty and non-attachment. ", "In the Hindu religion, the Lotus flower is an flower that with every god and goddess. The Supreme Personality … of Godhead, Vishnu, holds the lotus flower. Other Goddess and God holds the lotus flower. The Lotus Flower is the symbol of Peace. The Lotus was an important symbol for Ancient Egypt because it is the only flower which fruits and flowers at the same time. They considered it a symbol of creation, the sun, and rebirth. In Christianity, the white lotus symbolizes the Virgin Mary.", "The Lotus Flower, Hindu God's Favorite Flower. Both in worship and in portrayals of the divine, Hindus are infatuated with lotus flowers. The very name of the Hindu worship ritual, puja, can be translated as flower act.. The lotus is the foremost symbol of beauty, prosperity and fertility. According to Hinduism, within each human is the spirit of the sacred lotus. It represents eternity, purity, divinity, and is widely used as a symbol of life, fertility, ever-renewing youth. For Buddhists, the lotus flower symbolizes the most exalted state of human; head held high, pure and undefiled in the sun, feet rooted in the world of experience. There is a story that the lotus arose from the navel of God Vishnu, and at the center of the flower sat Brahma.", "Lotus Flower is one of the most popular symbols in Hindu religion. It is believed that Lord Brahma emerged from the navel of Lord Vishnu sitting on a lotus. Goddess Saraswati, the Hindu Goddess of learning, is shown sitting on a lotus. Lotus flower is a symbol of eternity, plenty and good fortune and Goddess Lakshmi, the Hindu goddess of wealth, is usually depicted with a lotus flower. Lotus flower is frequently mentioned in the ancient Sanskrit Hindu scriptures, as padma (pink lotus), kamala (red lotus), pundarika (white lotus) and utpala (blue lotus). The earliest reference can be found in the Rg Veda. Numerous gods and goddess in Hindu pantheon are depicted as sitting on the lotus or carrying it." ], "url": [ "http://hinduismfacts.org/hindu-symbols/the-lotus-flower/", "http://www.religionfacts.com/lotus", "http://www.energy-healing-info.com/lotus-flower-meaning.html", "http://www.lotusflowermeaning.net/", "http://www.harekrsna.de/Lotus-FLower.htm", "http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/lotus-the-national-flower-of-india/article3774100.ece", "http://www.answers.com/Q/In_Hinduism_what_does_the_lotus_flower_symbolize", "http://www.lotussculpture.com/my_articles_lotus.html", "http://www.hindu-blog.com/2009/05/lotus-flower-in-hinduism-significance.html" ] }

[]

[ "5 to 30 days" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Concerning how long does grass seed take to grow, if the conditions are good and the variety of grass used is of the type that grows fast, within a week’s time the result may be a lush green patch in the lawn. While it may not be properly grown yet the visible result may take about two to three weeks.", "The seed of the grass germinates faster with the availability of proper light, water and nutrition of soil. Excess of heat, over irrigation and over-use of pesticides and insecticides may kill the germination. A temperate and warm condition is most favorable for no matter how long does grass seed take to grow.", "How long does it take for seed to grow. Different seed mixtures establish at different speeds. As a general rule, hardwearing mixtures usually contain ryegrass and red fescue, two species that establish quite quickly-they can germinate in as little as 3-4 days, but 7-10 days is more average.", "This is how many golf courses grow their grass and it can work for you as well. The key is to mix the soil and seed together BEFORE putting the seed down. This eliminates a lot of raking and it assures that you'll have plenty of seed covered with soil properly which will help it germinate quicker.", "If stored in a cool, dry place, grass seed can last for 2-3 years. However, the germination rate (the number of seeds that will grow) will decrease over time, so you may not get the same results you would if you were using fresh seed. For best results, use fresh product and try to plant it within a year.", "If the seed is sown during the time of year when it is wet the grass is most likely to germinate faster. As discussed earlier about how long does grass seed take to grow, the two seasons which are most suitable for sowing of grass seeds is spring and fall.", "Grass seeds usually germinate between seven and ten days after they have been sown, although it can take between three and thirty days. Growth. A fast growing variety of grass sown under good growing conditions will produce a green covering in about a week, although it will not yet be properly established.", "The germination time for grass seed ranges from 5 to 30 days depending on the variety. It can be even longer than this in cooler temperatures. This is how long it will take to actually see the grass growing. Until this point, the seed, or the soil and mulch in contact with the seed, must stay moist." ], "url": [ "http://www.howlongdoes.com/life/how-long-does-grass-seed-take-to-grow/", "http://www.howlongdoes.com/life/how-long-does-grass-seed-take-to-grow/", "https://lawnuk.com/faq/how-long-does-it-take-seed-grow", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UgdBVTTV7OU", "http://www.scotts.com/smg/goART2/InfoHowTo/the-questions-people-ask-most-about-grass-seed/18700002///", "http://www.howlongdoes.com/life/how-long-does-grass-seed-take-to-grow/", "http://thehousingforum.com/how-long-does-it-take-for-grass-seed-to-grow/", "http://www.garden-counselor-lawn-care.com/watering-new-grass-seed.html" ] }

[]

[ "Seven days" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "What is the EHIC? The European Health Insurance Card or EHIC was introduced in 2004 across the European Union. It allows Irish residents to access health services in any EU country and in Switzerland, Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway, if they become ill or injured while on a temporary stay in that country. No. Your card will be valid for 4 to 5 years. Check that you and your family's cards are valid before you travel, and if they have expired, it's easy to renew them online at www.ehic.ie or at your Local Health Office.", "Answers. Best Answer: An EHIC card is free and takes 7 days to arrive. You obviously have clicked on one of the websites which charges you needlessly. You will have to go back to the website you ordered your card from and have a look at their FAQs section. Linked is the official EHIC website where it is free. I'm going to Italy on a school trip, and I realized today that my EHIC card has gone missing. I leave in exactly 7 days (next Monday) and I need it.", "The quickest way is to apply online. Your EHIC will normally arrive within seven days and will usually be valid for five years. This means at a reduced cost or sometimes free of charge. Even with an EHIC, you may have to pay towards your treatment, depending on the rules of the country you’re visiting. You may be able to claim the money back – always try to apply for a refund before you return home. Find out how to do this in the country-by-country guide for the EHIC", "How long does it take to post a YouTube video? Not long it takes about 20-25 seconds to upload now. 20-25 seconds my butt!!!!! My video is a 4 minute and 36 seconds video and has been uploading for about 5 minutes and is … only at 2% It takes a while. I think it takes about 20-25 or 60 minutes to upload a video. ", "Only treatment provided under the state scheme is covered. However, to obtain treatment you will need to take a European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) with you. Please note: Not all UK residents are covered in Denmark, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway or Switzerland. Click on the 'Health Advice for Travellers' link below, if you are unsure whether you are covered. 1 The EHIC is not a substitute or replacement for private travel insurance. 2 You should always take out an appropriate private policy in addition to carrying your EHIC. 3 It will not cover the costs of private healthcare or services that are not part of the state healthcare system.", "EHIC: packing for your holiday. Be prepared for your holiday, and make sure you have a valid European Health Insurance Card (EHIC). It costs nothing to apply for or renew an EHIC. For more information call the Overseas Healthcare Team on 0191 218 1999. You can renew an EHIC up to six months before the expiry date, but any time left on the card will not be added to your new card. Renewing your card is free – you can renew online if none of your personal details have changed.", "You can apply online for an EHIC, which is free of charge. You can also apply by phoning the automated service on 0300 330 1350, or you can download the EHIC application form (PDF, 122kb) and return it to the NHS Business Services Authority (address below). You can renew an EHIC up to six months before the expiry date, but any time left on the card will not be added to your new card. Renewing your card is free – you can renew online if none of your personal details have changed.", "You can apply for an EHIC online or by calling the automated EHIC application service on 0300 3301350. You can also download an application form (PDF, 122kb) and apply by post. This means at a reduced cost or sometimes free of charge. Even with an EHIC, you may have to pay towards your treatment, depending on the rules of the country you’re visiting. You may be able to claim the money back – always try to apply for a refund before you return home. Find out how to do this in the country-by-country guide for the EHIC" ], "url": [ "http://www.hse.ie/eng/services/list/1/schemes/ehicw/Your_Guide_to_European_Health_Insurance_Card_EHIC_.html", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20120319150016AAtMMY5", "http://www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/1073.aspx?CategoryID=68", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_does_it_take_for_a_EHIC_card_to_come_in_the_post", "https://www.e111.org.uk/about.html", "http://www.nhs.uk/NHSEngland/Healthcareabroad/EHIC/Pages/about-the-ehic.aspx", "http://www.nhs.uk/NHSEngland/Healthcareabroad/EHIC/Pages/about-the-ehic.aspx", "http://www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/1073.aspx?CategoryID=68" ] }

[]

[ "Those who teach high school and college usually need degrees in the disciplines they teach; however, college professors may also need an advanced, graduate degree." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "In order to teach preschool, the student must have at least a high school diploma or equivalent. To teach K - 12th grade, the student needs a bachelor's degree. In the case of public schools, the teacher must possess a bachelor's degree and also be licensed as a teacher in the state where they live.", "How to Become a Special Education Teacher. Special education teachers in public schools are required to have a bachelor’s degree and a state-issued certification or license. Teachers in private schools also need a bachelor’s degree, but may not be required to have a state license or certification.", "A: In order to be a teacher you will need at least a bachelor's degree in a subject such as: early childhood education, special education, science, mathematics or teaching. Teachers can also take advanced, post-graduate degrees or certificate programs in teaching, teacher training and adult education.", "Although you don't need a master's degree to get a teaching license, you may need one to maintain your license. Some states require that you earn one within a specified time frame. There are two types of master-level education programs. One is designed for certified teachers who want or need an advanced degree.", "Certification Required to Become a Teacher. All states in the U.S. require public school teachers to be certified or licensed through each state's own process. Early childhood, elementary, middle and high school education certification is available. Specialty certifications are available in areas like reading, physical education or music.", "Students in an alternative licensing program must already have a bachelor's degree. The bachelor's does not necessarily have to be in the subject area that the student will be teaching. In most programs, students practice teaching in the classroom while taking education classes on weekends or at night.", "Although the specific education requirements for becoming a teacher vary by state, all states require that public school teachers have bachelor's degrees. Those who teach high school and college usually need degrees in the disciplines they teach; however, college professors may also need an advanced, graduate degree.", "For a student to become a teacher for K - 12th grade in a public school, they must first earn a bachelor's degree and receive state certification. To receive a teacher's license, an individual must complete an approved teaching program before passing a state licensure exam." ], "url": [ "http://study.com/educational_requirements_for_becoming_a_teacher.html", "http://www.bls.gov/ooh/Education-Training-and-Library/Special-education-teachers.htm", "http://www.excite.com/education/others/how-to-become-a-teacher", "http://careerplanning.about.com/od/teacher/tp/How-To-Become-A-Teacher.htm", "http://study.com/how_much_education_do_you_need_to_be_a_teacher.html", "http://study.com/how_much_education_do_you_need_to_be_a_teacher.html", "http://study.com/how_much_education_do_you_need_to_be_a_teacher.html", "http://study.com/educational_requirements_for_becoming_a_teacher.html" ] }

[]

[ "The ownership of a corporate entity is vested in shares of stock." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A corporation is a company or group of people authorized to act as a single entity (legally a person) and recognized as such in law. Early incorporated entities were established by charter (i.e. by an ad hoc act granted by a monarch or passed by a parliament or legislature). In a joint-stock company the members are known as shareholders and each of their shares in the ownership, control and profits of the corporation is determined by the portion of shares in the company that they own.", "There are different schools of thought as to who legally owns a corporation. Many people argue, as the late economist Milton Friedman believed, that the shareholders of a corporation are the owners, because they have an expressed stake in the corporation, voting rights and other ownership-like rights. Shareholders. A shareholder, also called a stockholder, is an individual who owns shares in a corporation. Sale of stock in a corporation may be public or private, so some corporations will have thousands of shareholders while others may have just a few.", "US Person Who Owns Foreign Corporation US citizen who resides abroad and who is a shareholder in a foreign corporation must file Form 5471. US person who is officer, director or shareholder in a certain foreign corporation must file form 5471. Any US person who fails to file the form is subject to $10,000 penalty. US Person Who Owns Foreign Corporation. US citizen who resides abroad and who is a shareholder in a foreign corporation must file Form 5471. US person who is officer, director or shareholder in a certain foreign corporation must file form 5471.", "Formation. A corporation is formed under the laws of the state where its articles of incorporation are filed. State corporation laws determine who owns a corporation. In all states, the ownership of a corporate entity is vested in shares of stock. The number of shares a corporation initially authorizes is detailed in the articles of incorporation. Shareholders are the legal owners of a corporation, but that does not give them the right to be involved in the day-to-day management of the company. Shareholders have the right to vote for members of the board of directors. The board runs the company for the benefit of shareholders.", "Shareholders. Once a corporation is formed by filing articles of incorporation, the people or entities involved who will own the company are issued shares of stock in exchange for their capital contributions, such as contributions of cash or services. Shareholders are the legal owners of a corporation, but that does not give them the right to be involved in the day-to-day management of the company. Shareholders have the right to vote for members of the board of directors. The board runs the company for the benefit of s", "Shareholders. A shareholder is a person who owns stock in a corporation. Often, multiple shareholders own a single corporation. This is especially true for publicly traded companies (like Apple and Google), which have hundreds or thousands of owners. SHARE SHARE TWEET EMAIL. The law recognizes a corporation as a wholly separate legal entity. This means that the business is actually viewed as being separate and distinct from the individuals who run the corporation (the board of directors). While the board runs the corporation, shareholders own the corporation" ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporation", "http://info.legalzoom.com/legally-owns-corporation-22651.html", "http://www.n49taxes.com/forcorp.php", "http://smallbusiness.chron.com/legally-owns-corporation-54930.html", "http://smallbusiness.chron.com/legally-owns-corporation-54930.html", "http://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/actually-owns-corporation-2941.html" ] }

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[ "Hard boiled eggs last about 7 days, but can spoil quickly if not handled properly." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Hard-cooked eggs in the shell can be refrigerated up to one week. Peeled hard boiled eggs can be stored in the refrigerator in a bowl of cold water to cover for about 1 week (change the water daily) - or in a sealed container without water (cover the eggs with damp paper towels) for the same length of time.", "Raw eggs keep a lot longer. Interestingly, hard-boiled eggs do not keep nearly as long as raw eggs, which can last three to five weeks in the refrigerator. There is a good reason for this. When a hen lays an egg, it puts a naturally protective coating on the outside of the shell. ", "Depending on how cooked you like your hard boiled eggs, the eggs should be done perfectly in 10-12 minutes. That said, depending on your altitude, the shape of the pan, the size of the eggs, the ratio of water to eggs, it can take a few minutes more. If you are planning to make hard boiled eggs for Easter and want to make sure that the eggs are easy to peel, buy your eggs at least a week ahead of time (two weeks even better, they'll keep). If you need easy-to-peel eggs and you have fresh eggs, you might want to try steaming the eggs for 15 minutes. Pour an inch of water into a pot and insert a steamer basket.Bring to a boil. Place the eggs in the steamer basket, cover and steam for 15 minutes (more or less, check!)", "Reduce the heat to low, then add your eggs and cook 7 to 8 minutes. Drain, cool in ice water and peel. Hard: Place your eggs in a pot and cover with cold water by 1 inch. Bring to a boil over medium-high heat, then cover, remove from the heat and set aside 8 to 10 minutes. Drain, cool in ice water and peel. How to Make Deviled Eggs: Transfer hard-boiled eggs to a bowl of ice water with a slotted spoon and let cool. ", "Raw eggs keep a lot longer. Interestingly, hard-boiled eggs do not keep nearly as long as raw eggs, which can last three to five weeks in the refrigerator. There is a good reason for this. When a hen lays an egg, it puts a naturally protective coating on the outside of the shell. ", "Hard boiled eggs last about 7 days, but can spoil quickly if not handled properly. Hard boiled eggs are fresh whole eggs that have been boiled for 10 minutes. Chicken eggs are the most common choice for this process. Because of their relatively low-cost, high protein, versatility and portability hard boiled eggs are a popular protein choice. Of course, the question of how long do hard boiled eggs last in the fridge or how long are boiled eggs good for depends on if they were stored properly in the fridge or not.", "1 Bring to a rolling boil over high heat, then reduce heat to a lower medium boil for an additional 12 minutes. 2 Promptly place eggs in ice water to chill so egg yolks remain nice and bright yellow. 3 Hard boiled eggs are good for one week if kept in the shell in the refrigerator. 1 To hard cook eggs, place in enough cold water to cover eggs completely. 2 " ], "url": [ "http://whatscookingamerica.net/Eggs/BoiledEggs.htm", "http://www.netwellness.org/healthtopics/poison/hardboiledeggs.cfm", "http://www.simplyrecipes.com/recipes/how_to_make_perfect_hard_boiled_eggs/", "http://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/food-network-kitchens/deviled-eggs-recipe.html", "http://www.cleveland.com/healthfit/index.ssf/2013/03/how_long_can_you_keep_hard-boi.html", "http://www.eatbydate.com/hard-boiled-eggs-shelf-life-expiration-date/", "http://www.goodegg.com/consumers/egg-recipes/hard-boiled-eggs" ] }

[]

[ "$44K" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Salary and Qualifications. The average annual salary for a tractor supply company assistant manager was $31,000 as of 2013, according to the job site Indeed. Some of these assistant managers may be eligible for bonuses if their stores meet or exceed sales and profit quota", "The annual salary for someone with the job title Retail Store Manager may vary depending on a number of factors including industry, company size, location, years of experience and level of education. This chart describes the expected percentage of people who perform the job of Retail Store Manager that make less than that salary. For example 50% of the people who perform the job of Retail Store Manager are expected to make less than the median. Source: HR Reported data as of October 2015.", "The average for people in the five-to-10 year group is only a little larger at $39K. After working for 10 to 20 years, Retail Managers make a median salary of $44K. Veterans who have worked for more than two decades do tend to make the most in the end; the median pay for this group is $49K.", "For example the median expected annual pay for a typical Retail Store Manager Assistant in the United States is $40,243, so 50% of the people who perform the job of Retail Store Manager Assistant in the United States are expected to make less than $40,243. Source: HR Reported data as of October 2015. 1 Salary. This chart describes the expected percentage of people who perform the job of Retail Store Manager Assistant that make less than that salary. For example 50% of the people who perform the job of Retail Store Manager Assistant are expected to make less than the median", "With a pay rate for Retail Managers that is 42 percent greater than the national average, Miami offers a comfortable salary for those in this profession. Retail Managers will also find cushy salaries in New York (+37 percent), Boston (+31 percent), Houston (+27 percent), and San Francisco (+26 percent). After working for 10 to 20 years, Retail Managers make a median salary of $44K. Veterans who have worked for more than two decades do tend to make the most in the end; the median pay for this group is $49K.", "The average pay for a Retail Store Manager is $43,127 per year. A skill in Budget Management is associated with high pay for this job. ", "For example the median expected annual pay for a typical Retail Store Manager in the United States is $54,198, so 50% of the people who perform the job of Retail Store Manager in the United States are expected to make less than $54,198. Source: HR Reported data as of October 2015. 1 Salary. 2 Salary + Bonus. This chart describes the expected percentage of people who perform the job of Retail Store Manager that make less than that salary. For example 50% of the people who perform the job of Retail Store Manager are expected to make less than the median", "A Starbucks store manager makes an average $44,632 yearly salary, compared with $92,462 at Wal-Mart, while a Starbucks district manager makes an average $75,775 a year, according to an analysis of data from career website Glassdoor.com. ", "Salary and Qualifications. Convenience store assistant managers earned average annual salaries of $20,000 as of 2013, according to Simply Hired, a popular job website. Some may also receive bonuses, as many retail managers and their assistants do, if they meet sales and profit quotas. Salary by Region. Average salaries for convenience store assistant managers varied slightly within the four U.S. regions in 2013. In the South region, they earned the highest salaries of $32,000 in Washington, D.C., and the lowest of $16,000 in Mississippi, according to Simply Hired." ], "url": [ "http://work.chron.com/average-salary-assistant-manager-tractor-supply-company-24839.html", "http://www1.salary.com/Retail-Store-Manager-salary.html", "http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Retail_Manager/Salary", "http://www1.salary.com/Retail-Store-Manager-Assistant-salary.html", "http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Retail_Manager/Salary", "http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Retail_Store_Manager/Salary", "http://www1.salary.com/Retail-Store-Manager-salary.html", "http://blogs.wsj.com/corporate-intelligence/2014/07/23/pay-at-wal-mart-low-at-the-checkout-but-high-in-the-managers-office/", "http://work.chron.com/much-salary-assistant-manager-make-convenience-store-21995.html" ] }

[]

[ "No" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Germany s military power was reduced, and it was not allowed any troops in the Rhineland. Germans said this left them powerless against even the tiny countries. Yet at the same time, Germany was not allowed to join the League of Nations an insult. Germany had to pay 6,600 million reparations, a huge sum which Germans felt was just designed to destroy their economy and starve their children. Finally, Germans hated the loss of land. Yet, although the Allies did not allow Germany an army, they did not let her join the League of Nations. This was an insult, and it also meant the Germany had no way ever to get fair treatment by other states neither armies nor argument.", "Best Answer: the League of Nations was an inter-governmental organization founded as a result of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919-1920. ", "Making the world better, one answer at a time. Because, under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany took sold responsibility for the outbreak of WWI. Because Germany caused the war they were not allowed into the league. America did not join the League of Nations after the World War 1 because the US congress did not ratify the Treaty of Versailles.", "On this day, September 9, in 1926 Germany joined as a permanent of the League of Nations, a politically important move that recognized Germany’s power (and the League’s weakness.). In addition to Germany at the outset, the U.S. refused to join the League. Even before WW I ended, the Europeans convened a conference to discuss an international organization — a “League of Nations,” to borrow Theodore Roosevelt’s phrase — that would work to resolve disputes before they escalate into war.", "Germany s colonies were made mandates of the League of Nations, but were looked after by France (Cameroons), Britain (Tanganyika), Japan (islands in the Pacific), Australia (New Guinea) and New Zealand (Samoa). In addition, Germany was forbidden to unite with Austria (Anschluss), which was designed to keep Germany weak. Germany s military power was reduced. Germany was not allowed to have submarines or an air force. It could have an army of only 100,000 men and a navy of only 6 ships, and it was not allowed to place any troops in the Rhineland.", "1 By 1930 it had 59 member countries. 2 However, Germany and Russia were not allowed to join, which caused resentment. 3 America, the most powerful country in the world, had refused to join. 4 The League had no army of it's own, and it's decisions had to be unanimous. ", "The country, whose president, Woodrow Wilson, had dreamt up the idea of the League – America – refused to join it. As America was the world’s most powerful nation, this was a serious blow to the prestige of the League. However, America’s refusal to join the League, fitted in with her desire to have an isolationist policy throughout the world. Germany was not allowed to join the League in 1919. As Germany had started the war, according to theTreaty of Versailles, one of her punishments was that she was not considered to be a member of the international community and, therefore, she was not invited to join. The League of Nations was to be based in Geneva, Switzerland. This choice was natural as Switzerland was a neutral country and had not fought in World War One. No one could dispute this choice especially as an international organisation such as the Red Cross was already based in Switzerland.", "Between 1920 and 1939, a total of 63 countries became member states of the League of Nations. The Covenant forming the League of Nations was included in the Treaty of Versailles and came into force on 10 January 1920. " ], "url": [ "http://www.johndclare.net/EA3.htm", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090502164734AA8KERB", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_was_germany_not_allowed_to_join_the_League_of_nations", "http://www.famousdaily.com/history/league-nations-accepted-germany-member.html", "http://www.johndclare.net/EA2.htm", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/mwh/ir1/aims_video.shtml", "http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/modern-world-history-1918-to-1980/league-of-nations/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_states_of_the_League_of_Nations" ] }

[]

[ "30 minutes", "about 30 minutes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Here, you will turn in your customs form and if you do not have anything to declare, you will be waved through to the exit. 7. If you have another flight to connect with, follow the signs marked Connecting Flights/Connecting Baggage Drop-off as you leave the customs area. 1. Onboard your flight, you will be given customs and immigration documents. If you are not a U.S. Citizen, then you will need to fill out an I-94 form. If you are a U.S. Citizen, then you do not need this form. All passengers must also complete a customs declaration form.", "We were in a queue for more than 1 hour. On return we then had to queue for more than an hour again to get through the electronic passport control again a system which is supposed to speed up the process. Both experiences at London Gatwick Airport were a complete joke. On our return we had to wait nearly 2 hours to get through passport control, it was total chaos. Only approx 8 passport people (who were rude, arrogant and very slow) with about the same amount of Gatwick staff strolling around trying thier hardest to look important whilst doing absolutely nothing.", "Information on how to travel to and from the UK's second largest airport, accommodation nearby and airport facilities. London Gatwick (LGW) is the most efficient single-runway airport in the world, serving 200 destinations in 90 countries for 35 million customers a year. LGW is located 45km (28 miles) south of London. Travelling To Gatwick Airport By Coach. National Express runs frequent services between Gatwick and Victoria Coach Station. Coaches run approximately every 30 minutes. Journey time varies according to route, most are about one hour 20 minutes.", "1 Never carry anything into the UK for somebody else. 2 Never bring prohibited goods into the UK. 3 If in doubt, ask at the Customs information point. 4 If you are unsure about your duty/tax free entitlement, go to the Customs information point. 1 Never bring prohibited goods into the UK. 2 If in doubt, ask at the Customs information point. 3 If you are unsure about your duty/tax free entitlement, go to the Customs information point.", "Posts: 1,841. Sorry-I did mean immigration and not customs (won't have anything to declare so hopefully won't get stuck in there at all). I also will only have hand luggage (was meant to state in the first post-obviously forgot!). As a UK citizen, you should not have to queue very long. As you will be coming through at a relatively slow time (i.e., not first thing in the morning when lots of transatlantic flights are arriving, nor on a Sunday evening when people are returning from weekends away), processing should be relatively quick.", "On that trip I used both Gatwick and Heathrow airports, as I stayed in London a few days then went on to Madeira, Portugal via Gatwick. When I first arrived from the US, I came into London Gatwick around 8am. The line for customs was miles long and it took about 30 minutes to get through. But when I came into Gatwick around 5pm from Madeira it was a ghost town. I kid you not, there wasn't a soul in the line, and the baggage re-claim area was dead quiet. Last Tuesday, it took 45 minutes to get to an immigration officer through a queue line that would do Disneyland proud...the immigration inspection took oh about 15 seconds, she looked at my landing card, my passport, asked how long I would be in the UK, stamped my passport and said, off you go..", "Everyone arriving in the UK has to clear Customs. For your safety and quick journey through the airport, please note the following: 1 Never carry anything into the UK for somebody else. 2 Never bring prohibited goods into the UK. 3 If you are unsure about your duty/tax free entitlement, go to the Customs information point. 1 Never bring prohibited goods into the UK. 2 If in doubt, ask at the Customs information point. 3 If you are unsure about your duty/tax free entitlement, go to the Customs information point." ], "url": [ "http://www.wikihow.com/Go-Through-U.S.-Customs", "http://www.airlinequality.com/airport-reviews/london-gatwick-airport/", "http://www.visitlondon.com/traveller-information/travel-to-london/airport/gatwick", "http://www.gatwickairport.com/at-the-airport/flying-in/customs/", "http://www.flyertalk.com/forum/u-k-ireland/1247658-rough-ideas-how-long-get-through-gatwick-customs.html", "http://www.fodors.com/community/europe/how-long-to-go-through-customs-in-london-lgw-for-us-citizen.cfm", "http://www.gatwickairport.com/at-the-airport/flying-in/customs/" ] }

[]

[ "Nervous, muscular, and connective being." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Molluscs' circulatory systems are mainly open. Although molluscs are coelomates, their coeloms are reduced to fairly small spaces enclosing the heart and gonads. The main body cavity is a hemocoel through which blood and coelomic fluid circulate and which encloses most of the other internal organs. The molluscs or mollusks /ˈmɒləsks/ compose the large phylum of invertebrate animals known as the Mollusca. Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. Molluscs are the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms.", "Snails, oysters, clams, octopuses, and squids are examples of mollusks. • The body cavity in mollusks is a true coelom. – In animals that have a coelom, the gut and other internal organs are suspended from the body wall and are cushioned by the fluid within the coelom. • Respiration – Most mollusks respire with gills, which are located in the mantle cavity. The mantle cavity is a space between the mantle and the visceral mass. – Mollusk gills extract 50% or more of the dissolved oxygen from the water that passes over them. – Most terrestrial snails have no gills", "Making the world better, one answer at a time. Mollusks have reduced coeloms for body cavities. These are made of layers of mesoderm and are used for suspending the mollusk's internal organs. Epithelial tissue is one of the four types of tissue in the body (nervous, muscular, and connective being the other three) that lines the body cavities. It is also found in th … e skin, which is the organ that covers most of the body's surface. + 2 others found this useful. Pam Hurston.", "A body cavity is any fluid-filled space in a multicellular organism other than those of vessels (such as blood vessels and lymph vessels). The term usually refers to the space located between an animal ’s outer covering (epidermis), and the outer lining of the gut cavity, where internal organs develop.", "Closed circulatory systems have the blood closed at all times within vessels of different size and wall thickness. In this type of system, blood is pumped by a heart through vessels, and does not normally fill body cavities. Open circulatory system The open circulatory system is common to molluscs and arthropods. Open circulatory systems (evolved in crustaceans, insects, mollusks and other invertebrates) pump blood into a hemocoel with the blood diffusing back to the circulatory system between cells. ", "Mollusks have reduced coeloms for body cavities. These are made of layers of mesoderm and are used for suspending the mollusk's internal organs. The basic body structure, consisting of a foot, visceral mass, and mantle, is similar in most mollusks. The foot is located below the visceral mass.", "Organs formed inside a coelom can freely move, grow, and develop independently of the body wall while fluid cushions and protects them from shocks. Arthropods and most mollusks have a reduced (but still true) coelom, usually the pericardial cavity and the gonocoel. Their principal body cavity is the hemocoel or haeomocoel of an open circulatory system, often derived from the blastocoel. The term usually refers to the space located between an animal ’s outer covering (epidermis), and the outer lining of the gut cavity, where internal organs develop.", "Mollusks have a thin layer of tissue called the mantle. The mantle covers the body organs, which are located in the visceral mass. Between the soft body and the mantle is a space called the mantle cavity. Mollusks contain gills. Gills are organs in which carbon dioxide from the mollusk is exchanged for oxygen in the water. The mantle also protects the body if the mollusk does not have a shell. the shell is made up of several layers. The inside layer is the smoothest but it is usually the thickest layer because it's added to throughout the life of the mollusk. The inside layer protects the soft bod" ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mollusca", "http://iteachbio.com/Marine-Biology/MolluskSummary.pdf", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_type_of_body_cavity_do_mollusks_have", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_cavity", "http://www2.gsu.edu/~bioasx/closeopen.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Does_the_mollusk_have_a_body_cavity", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_cavity", "http://mollusksscience.weebly.com/body-plan.html" ] }

[]

[ "Boating, championship golf, parasailing, fishing, paddle boarding." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Things to Do in Gulf Shores Alabama. Many have chosen Gulf Shores, Alabama as the destination for their vacation rentals or permanent residences. It’s no surprise with the strong community atmosphere and the wonderful events and activities that take place year round.", "TripBuzz found 99 things to do with kids in or near Gulf Shores, Alabama, including 72 fun activities for kids in nearby cities within 25 miles like Orange Beach, Fairhope, Foley and Pensacola.", "Attractions on Alabama's Gulf Coast. There’s so much to do during a beach vacation along the Alabama Gulf Coast. The possibilities are nearly endless! Enjoy a dolphin cruise and see what nature offers in both the back bays and the Gulf of Mexico.", "With programs such as the Zoo Camp designed especially for children, the Alabama Gulf Coast Zoo is the permanent home to more than 500 animals, including lions, tigers and monkeys. It also has a reptile house and an aviary. Daily shows are programmed in each summer.", "Gulf Adventure Center is located between Gulf Shores and Orange Beach in Gulf State Park and a portion of the proceeds from Gulf Adventure Center support Gulf State Park. The Hummingbird Ziplines appealed to me because it sounded like great outdoor fun that would be exciting and different.", "Gulf Shores, AL. City Highlights. 1 With the motto Small Town, Big Beach, its easy to see what draws visitors to Gulf Shores, Alabama. 2 The coastal community features light, soft sand and water excursions to enjoy in the warmer months including fishing, boat cruises and watching the dolphins play close by.", "Waterville USA – The kids will love Waterville USA, a 20-acre water and amusement park in Gulf Shores that offers “the best collection of water rides on the gulf coast”. With new attractions like Flowrider, and established rides like the Screamin’ Demon, Waterville is an all-day fun ride. ..", "There are lot of fun things to do in Orange Beach and Gulf Shores-zip lines, boating, championship golf, parasailing, fishing, paddle boarding, and more can be found to keep you entertained. Here is some detailed information on the Orange Beach and Gulf Shores Attractions we chose to do." ], "url": [ "http://www.thebeachman.com/about-gulf-shores/things-to-do/", "http://www.tripbuzz.com/things-to-do-with-kids/gulf-shores-al", "https://www.gulfshores.com/things-to-do/attractions/", "http://www.tripbuzz.com/things-to-do-with-kids/gulf-shores-al", "http://familyfocusblog.com/what-to-do-in-orange-beach-and-gulf-shores-alabama-on-family-vacation/", "http://www.tripbuzz.com/things-to-do-with-kids/gulf-shores-al", "http://www.youngssuncoast.com/events-attractions/", "http://familyfocusblog.com/what-to-do-in-orange-beach-and-gulf-shores-alabama-on-family-vacation/" ] }

[]

[ "Wheat, barley, grapes, figs, and olives." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Drinking wine straight was considered barbaric. Most farms were small with four or five acres of land. Farmers grew enough food to support their families and, at times, they grew a small surplus to sell at the local market. There were some very large farms run by overseers while the owner lived in the city.", "Most farmers didn't only grow crops, but also raised animals that they later killed for food. Donkeys, sheep, and goats were raised most often in ancient Greece. Farming in ancient Greece was difficult due to the limited amount of good soil and cropland.", "Greek agriculture focused on a few basic crops, especially wheat, barley, grapes, figs, and olives. Farmers grew wheat and barley in the few fertile areas of Greece, notably in the plains of Argos and Olympia in the south.", "It is estimated that only twenty percent of the land was usable for growing crops. The main crops were barley, grapes, and olives. Grain crops, such as barley and wheat, were planted in October and harvested in April or May.", "In the Mycenean times, Greece was a land of thickly forested mountains. Farmers were limited in the amount of crops they could grow other than a bit of barley and wheat, a few grape vines, fig trees and olive trees.", "Greek Food. Finding a great meal in ancient Greece would have been very easy. They ate a variety of delicious dishes, some of which are still around today. Most Greeks were farmers and they ate the food that they grew. Since Greece had a mild climate, they were able to grow many different fruits and vegetables as long as they got enough rain. Vegetables were a huge part of the Greek diet. Most Greeks ate a diet that was almost vegetarian." ], "url": [ "http://historylink101.com/2/greece3/jobs-farming.htm", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_crops_did_the_Ancient_Greeks_grow", "http://stravaganzastravaganza.blogspot.com/2011/06/agriculture-in-ancient-greece.html#!", "http://historylink101.com/2/greece3/jobs-farming.htm", "http://projects.cbe.ab.ca/senatorpatrickburns/agriculture.html", "http://www.historyforkids.net/greek-food.html" ] }

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[ "On February 1, 1865, President Abraham Lincoln approved the Joint Resolution of Congress submitting the proposed amendment to the state legislatures.ith the adoption of the 13th amendment, the United States found a final constitutional solution to the issue of slavery. The 13th amendment, along with the 14th and 15th, is one of the trio of Civil War amendments that greatly expanded the civil rights of Americans." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Passed by Congress on January 31, 1865, and ratified on December 6, 1865, the 13th amendment abolished slavery in the United States. The 13th amendment, which formally abolished slavery in the United States, passed the Senate on April 8, 1864, and the House on January 31, 1865. On February 1, 1865, President Abraham Lincoln approved the Joint Resolution of Congress submitting the proposed amendment to the state legislatures. With the adoption of the 13th amendment, the United States found a final constitutional solution to the issue of slavery. The 13th amendment, along with the 14th and 15th, is one of the trio of Civil War amendments that greatly expanded the civil rights of Americans.", "Slavery in the United States was the legal institution of human chattel slavery that existed in the United States of America in the 18th and 19th centuries after it gained independence and before the end of the American Civil War. The United States was polarized over the issue of slavery, represented by the slave and free states divided by the Mason–Dixon line, which separated free Pennsylvania from slave Maryland and Delaware. The importation of slaves was prohibited in 1808, although illegal importation—smuggling—was not unusual.", "Abolition of slavery in the United States. The slave trade was abolished in the United States from 1 January 1808. However, some slaving continued on an illegal basis for the next fifty years. One popular subterfuge was to use whaling ships. The campaign to end slavery itself in the United States was long and bitter. ", "After the American Revolution (1775-83), many colonists (particularly in the North, where slavery was relatively unimportant to the economy) began to link the oppression of black slaves to their own oppression by the British, and to call for slavery’s abolition. Though the Union victory freed the nation’s 4 million slaves, the legacy of slavery continued to influence American history, from the tumultuous years of Reconstruction (1865-77) to the civil rights movement that emerged in the 1960s, a century after emancipation.", "The 13th amendment was passed at the end of the Civil War before the Southern states had been restored to the Union and should have easily passed the Congress. Although the Senate passed it in April 1864, the House did not. At that point, Lincoln took an active role to ensure passage through congress. With the adoption of the 13th amendment, the United States found a final constitutional solution to the issue of slavery. The 13th amendment, along with the 14th and 15th, is one of the trio of Civil War amendments that greatly expanded the civil rights of Americans.", "Introduction. Slavery in America began when the first African slaves were brought to the North American colony of Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619, to aid in the production of such lucrative crops as tobacco. Though the Union victory freed the nation’s 4 million slaves, the legacy of slavery continued to influence American history, from the tumultuous years of Reconstruction (1865-77) to the civil rights movement that emerged in the 1960s, a century after emancipation.", "Publisher. A+E Networks. On this day in 1865, the U.S. House of Representatives passes the 13th Amendment to the Constitution, abolishing slavery in America.The amendmentread, “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude…shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.”. Several Democrats abstained, but the 13th Amendment was sent to the states for ratification, which came in December 1865. With the passage of the amendment, the institution that had indelibly shaped American history was eradicated.", "The abolition of slavery occurred at different times in different countries, and sometimes occurred sequentially in more than one stage: for example, as abolition of the trade in slaves in a specific country, and then as abolition of slavery throughout empires. 1 1804: New Jersey begins a gradual abolition of slavery, freeing future children of slaves. 2 Those born prior to the Act remain enslaved for life. 3 The process later becomes complete with the ratification of the 13th Amendment in 1865.", "13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Abolition of Slavery. The House Joint Resolution proposing the 13th amendment to the Constitution, January 31, 1865; Enrolled Acts and Resolutions of Congress, 1789-1999; General Records of the United States Government; Record Group 11; National Archives. ", "Slavery started in what is now the United States in 1619. In that year, a load of slaves was dropped off in Jamestown, the first settlement in what is now the United States. Slavery would continue to exist in the United States until the end of the Civil War, which was in 1865. Slavery came to exist mainly because there was a serious need for labor in the South. The first african slaves were brought over on August 20th, 1619, and slavery wasn't abolished until December 6, 1865 when the thirteenth amendment was passed, I wouldn't say that's exactly when slavery ended but that is the timeline. meaning slavery lasted for 246 years." ], "url": [ "http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=40", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States", "http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/ism/slavery/americas/abolition_americas.aspx", "http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/slavery", "http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=40", "http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/slavery", "http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/house-passes-the-13th-amendment", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abolition_of_slavery_timeline", "http://www.archives.gov/historical-docs/document.html?doc=9&title.raw=13th+Amendment+to+the+U.S.+Constitution%3A+Abolition+of+Slavery", "http://www.enotes.com/homework-help/why-did-slavery-start-how-long-did-last-131453" ] }

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[ "Converting vintage warehouse spaces into modern loft homes, condos and apartments is one of the most challenging remodeling jobs imaginable. The age, condition and structure of the vintage warehouse, along with local ordinances and governing authorities can make the job complex.onverting vintage warehouse spaces into modern loft homes, condos and apartments is one of the most challenging remodeling jobs imaginable." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Originally Posted by shredder66. Hi guys, was just talking to a friend who was considering looking into this semi-seriously at this stage. Definitely a yuppie thing, essentially a bachelor pad for a 24 year old. His general idea is to find an existing/abandoned warehouse and convert it into a home. He basically wants a very open plan interior with no separate rooms, high ceilings, essentially a loft, and the main design theme he wants is a very 'industrial' feel. Think exposed piping, lots of bare concrete/brickwork and metals. ", "City Lofts. City Lofts is a converted warehouse located in the heart of Shoreditch on Tabernacle Street just off Great Eastern Street and City Road. The loft style apartments offer many of the original features and the building benefits from secure underground parking. ", "Converting vintage warehouse spaces into modern loft homes, condos and apartments is one of the most challenging remodeling jobs imaginable. The age, condition and structure of the vintage warehouse, along with local ordinances and governing authorities can make the job complex. ", "ITN Architects converted this old industrial warehouse into two three-story apartments in Melbourne, Australia. Before the conversion the industrial space was used as a Technical College an d many of the former details were retained and left exposed (e.g., external walls, lower floors, welding benches, etc). ", "Lagan Warehouse Conversion. 267 Saves | 0 Questions. Warehouse conversion /loft style (1990s to current) - If you’re into inner-city living, warehouse conversions and loft-style apartments have been all the rage for the last couple decades. Beam me up-Richmond Warehouse Conversion, Melbourne In this modern warehouse conversion in Richmond, Melbourne, stately beams are used to create a lofty conservatory of light. Husband and wife team at K+ARchitects have cleverly integrated rich timber beams, drawing on the industrial heritage of the warehouse.", "Collect this idea. Oriental Warehouse Loft is a project skillfully implemented by studio Edmonds + Lee Architects and located in San Francisco’s South Beach neighborhood. The result of a warehouse conversion, this eye-catching modern duplex pays tribute to the notions of space and openness", "Candy factory converted into contemporary lofts. The price for the 2,300 square foot loft is $650,000, and for the 1,700 square foot loft is $399,000. One more claim to fame in this building’s pedigree: Dixie Chick Emily Robison once lived there.", "Buying a loft apartment or converted office or factory space. A loft apartment is a unique living space which has been built in converted industrial or general office buildings. Depending on your circumstances you might choose to: 1 Purchase a loft apartment which has already been created, or. 2 Purchase an office or factory space to convert into a loft apartment from scratch. " ], "url": [ "http://www.ferrarichat.com/forum/creative-arts/311630-industrial-warehouse-converted-into-home-loft-ideas.html", "http://www.urbanspaces.co.uk/development-guides/city-lofts", "http://www.ehow.com/how_6001603_design-warehouse-home.html", "http://twistedsifter.com/2012/09/abbotsford-warehouse-apartments-conversion-itn-architects/", "http://www.houzz.com/warehouse-conversion", "http://freshome.com/2012/05/29/warehouse-in-san-francisco-converted-into-contemporary-loft/", "http://www.lushome.com/former-industrial-spaces-converted-into-stunning-factory-homes/83074", "http://www.ourproperty.co.uk/guides/buying_a_loft_apartmentconverted_office_or_factory_space_.html" ] }

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[ "18.5 and 24.9", "Between 18.5 and 24.9" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The normal BMI for a woman ranges between 18.5 and 24.9 If the body mass index measurement comes out to less than 18.5, the woman is considered underweight. A BMI that is 25 or higher indicates that the person is overweight and anything above 30 is obese. Calculate your BMI now! A woman who has a BMI that scores in the low range is considered underweight on the chart used to rate different weight ranges. It is possible for a woman to have a low BMI but still be healthy. A woman who has a naturally thin build may not have any health issues, and the BMI doesn’t take that fact into account.", "In this article. Your BMI is based on your height and weight. It's one way to see if you're at a healthy weight. Underweight: Your BMI is less than 18.5. Healthy weight: Your BMI is 18.5 to 24.9. Overweight: Your BMI is 25 to 29.9. Obese: Your BMI is 30 or higher. The chart below shows examples of body mass indexes. The figure at which your height corresponds with your weight is your body mass index", "For reference, according to BMI, male who is around 5’8” should weigh between 130 and 165 pounds. A 5’3” woman should weigh between 105 and 140 pounds. You can use the calculator below to identify your BMI: Javascript Disabled Your browser does not support Javascript or Javascript is disabled. ", "A BMI of less than 18.5 classifies you as underweight. A BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 indicates that you are at a normal weight. This represents the ideal category for women. BMIs between 25 and 29.9 are defined as overweight and a BMI of 30 or greater is considered obese. BMI, or body mass index, is a calculation based on your weight and height that is used to determine your body fat percentage. The general rule is that the higher your BMI, the higher your body fat percentage.", "Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of body fat based on height and weight that applies to adult men and women. 1 Enter your weight and height using standard or metric measures. 2 Select Compute BMI and your BMI will appear below. ", "Normal weight ranges: Body mass index (BMI). Body mass index, or BMI, is a way to help you figure out if you are at a healthy weight for your height. BMI is a number based on your weight and height. In general, the higher the number, the more body fat a person has. She is considered obese (BMI is 30 or more) if she weighs 174 pounds or more. A man who is 5 ft. 10 in. tall is considered overweight (BMI is 25 to 29) if he weighs between 174 and 202 pounds, and is obese (BMI is 30 or more) if he weighs 209", "Commonly accepted BMI ranges are underweight: under 18.5, normal weight: 18.5 to 25, overweight: 25 to 30, obese: over 30. There are criticisms of using the BMI to define obesity in individuals. One is that the BMI was designed for population studies, not individuals. ", "In order to fit into the normal range for a woman, your results will fall into a percentage and that number is used to place you into one of the BMI categories mentioned above. At the age of around 15 years, the BMI index for a normal result is around 16 to 17. As you age, the BMI changes as well: 1 20 years: 24 - 26 BMI. 2 30 years: 26 - 27 BMI. 3 40 years: 27 - 28 BMI. 4 50 years: 28 - 29 BMI. 5 60 years: 27 - 28 BMI", "BMI Over 25 in Women. A BMI of 25 or over is an indication that the woman is overweight. The higher the numbers go, the higher the risk to the woman’s health. It’s important to keep in mind that the BMI number doesn’t take into account the woman’s overall build. A woman who has a BMI that scores in the low range is considered underweight on the chart used to rate different weight ranges. It is possible for a woman to have a low BMI but still be healthy. A woman who has a naturally thin build may not have any health issues, and the BMI doesn’t take that fact into account." ], "url": [ "http://www.bmicalculator.org/what-is-the-normal-bmi-for-a-woman/", "http://www.webmd.com/men/weight-loss-bmi", "http://www.builtlean.com/2013/07/17/bmi-chart/", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/375603-what-is-a-good-bmi-for-women/", "http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/BMI/bmicalc.htm", "http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/dietandphysicalactivity/bodyweightandcancerrisk/body-weight-and-cancer-risk-adult-bmi", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_mass_index", "http://www.fitday.com/fitness-articles/nutrition/for-women/whats-a-normal-body-mass-index-for-a-female.html", "http://www.bmicalculator.org/what-is-the-normal-bmi-for-a-woman/" ] }

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[ "You'll need to graduate from medical school and complete a psychiatric residency in order to become a psychiatrist. To qualify for medical school, you must first graduate from a four-year undergraduate program, which includes courses in biology, chemistry, and other sciences." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Medical school and residency are two of the educational requirements needed to become a psychiatrist. Preparing for a career in psychiatry, though, should begin during an undergraduate's education. Read the following article to learn the recommended college courses to become a psychiatrist. Becoming a Psychiatrist. If you have decided to become a psychiatrist, you probably know that a long, formal education awaits you. Completing medical school and residency represent just two of the many steps in practicing medicine and helping people with mental disorders.", "Required Education. You'll need to graduate from medical school and complete a psychiatric residency in order to become a psychiatrist. To qualify for medical school, you must first graduate from a four-year undergraduate program, which includes courses in biology, chemistry, and other sciences. Medical school usually takes four years and begins with courses in anatomy, the systems of the body, and an introduction to clinical medicine. These programs typically include a course in neuroscience or neurobiology. Other course topics that can help prepare you for a career in psychiatry include: 1 Behavioral science.", "Step 1: Attend Undergraduate School. Training for a career in psychiatry begins in undergraduate school, and a bachelor's degree is required for admission to medical school. Undergraduate students pursuing a career in psychiatry may consider majoring in psychology, but a specific major is not required", "A Doctor of Medicine degree program is a 4-year education and training program. During medical school, aspiring psychiatrists receive the same training as students interested in studying other branches of medicine. Common courses taken during the first two years of study include: 1 Anatomy. 2 Physiology. During completion of a psychiatric residency program, medical school graduates receive the additional training and education needed to work as a psychiatrist. Admission to residency programs can be competitive and is based on performance in medical school and scores received on medical board exams", "In college, take the classes that interest you, but you'll also need to take the standard pre-med courses. You need to do well enough in college and on your MCAT in order to get into medical school. The whole process includes 4 years of college, 4 years of medical school, and 4 years of a psychiatry residency. I wish you luck with things, and feel free to post your questions in the forum.", "Recommended College Courses to Become a Psychiatrist. Science classes are not only recommended college courses to become a psychiatrist, they are generally required. Many pre-med students do, in fact, major in science. Science course requirements usually include one year of general biology, at least one year of general and organic chemistry, and one year of physics. Becoming a Psychiatrist. If you have decided to become a psychiatrist, you probably know that a long, formal education awaits you. Completing medical school and residency represent just two of the many steps in practicing medicine and helping people with mental disorders.", "The courses you take in college and even medical school have no impact on becoming a psychiatrist. During medical school, you would apply to psychiatry residency programs. A psychiatry residency is a 4 year program after your 4 years of medical school, after your 4 years of college. You need to do well enough in college and on your MCAT in order to get into medical school. The whole process includes 4 years of college, 4 years of medical school, and 4 years of a psychiatry residency. I wish you luck with things, and feel free to post your questions in the forum.", "Education Needed to Become a Psychiatrist. Psychiatrists require a significant amount of formal education. Learn about the undergraduate and medical school education, job duties and state licensing and board certification requirements to see if this is the right career for you. View 10 Popular Schools ». During completion of a psychiatric residency program, medical school graduates receive the additional training and education needed to work as a psychiatrist. Admission to residency programs can be competitive and is based on performance in medical school and scores received on medical board exams" ], "url": [ "http://www.brighthub.com/education/college/articles/92044.aspx", "http://learn.org/articles/What_Classes_Are_Needed_to_Become_a_Psychiatrist.html", "http://study.com/how_to_become_a_psychiatrist.html", "http://study.com/education_needed_to_become_a_psychiatrist.html", "http://www.getyourmd.com/classes-t495.html", "http://www.brighthub.com/education/college/articles/92044.aspx", "http://www.getyourmd.com/classes-t495.html", "http://study.com/education_needed_to_become_a_psychiatrist.html" ] }

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[ "Yes", "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "If you’re eating too much protein, you may be. consuming more calories and fat than you need. Consuming protein is an important part of a balanced diet. Our bodies need protein to build and repair cells. To make sure you’re not consuming too much protein, check the portion size. Protein servings of meat, poultry or fish should be about the size and thickness of the palm of your hand, which is about 3 ounces. And if you eat meat, you shouldn’t consume more than two palm-sized servings of meat per day", "Although protein is important to your diet, consuming extra protein won’t help you build more muscle or make you stronger. And if you’re eating too much protein, you are probably consuming more calories and fat than your body needs. In some cases, more protein can actually be problematic to your health. To make sure you’re not consuming too much protein, check the portion size. Protein servings of meat, poultry or fish should be about the size and thickness of the palm of your hand, which is about 3 ounces. And if you eat meat, you shouldn’t consume more than two palm-sized servings of meat per day", "If you were getting your protein from high fat and high calorie sources, then your body would actually store more fat. It is for this reason that you want to get your protein from as healthy a source as possible. There is quite a number of health issues associated with eating too much protein as well. Firstly, there can be problems with the liver, as it has to digest all of the protein that you are eating. Protein is good for you, however, as with most things, too much isn’t good for you and can cause some health problems. Stay healthy by only taking the amount of protein recommended for your body and you should do just fine! Try the supplement finder now to compare different protein supplements today!", "Yes, eating too much protein can be bad for you, although there are good places to get protein and bad places to get protein. These will affect you differently. Protein is good for you, however, as with most things, too much isn’t good for you and can cause some health problems. Stay healthy by only taking the amount of protein recommended for your body and you should do just fine! Try the supplement finder now to compare different protein supplements today!", "The average adult needs about 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram of bodyweight a day, which comes out to roughly 56 grams of protein a day for men and 46 for women, according to the Institutes of Medicine. But despite protein showing up on more and more food labels, we’re already getting way more than our 46 or 56 grams. In some cases, more protein can even be problematic. Nestle points out that much of the research is “conflicted and uncertain”, but there are a few things we know so far. Here are three signs your diet might be too heavy-handed on the protein. You're gaining weight.", "Another more important reason, however, is that a diet rich in proteins from high fat sources can lead to heart disease, according to the Mayo Clinic. In addition, the Mayo Clinic claims that too much protein can result in a depletion of fiber and other nutrients in the body. Protein is good for you, however, as with most things, too much isn’t good for you and can cause some health problems. Stay healthy by only taking the amount of protein recommended for your body and you should do just fine! Try the supplement finder now to compare different protein supplements today!", "Weight Gain. Your body can only use a certain amount of protein each day. If you take in too much protein, you may gain weight. Each gram of protein has 4 calories. If you take in 100 grams of protein, but your body can only use 50 grams of it, your body will store the extra 200 calories' worth of protein as fat. ", "Question. I have read one of your articles on Bodybuilding.Com and in it you said you take in about 300 grams of protein per day. I was wandering if this is too much daily protein. I read an article on WebMD, which stated approximately .36 grams of protein per pound of body weight is enough. I weigh 200 pounds, so my intake should be around 70 grams of protein per day. You're taking 300 grams per day. Several doctors told me too much protein is a bad thing. The liver cannot break down that much protein daily, which can ultimately lead to liver failure" ], "url": [ "http://www.crozerkeystone.org/news/press-releases/2015/august/can-too-much-protein-be-bad-for-you/", "http://www.crozerkeystone.org/news/press-releases/2015/august/can-too-much-protein-be-bad-for-you/", "https://www.exercise.com/faq/can-eating-too-much-protein-be-bad-for-you", "https://www.exercise.com/faq/can-eating-too-much-protein-be-bad-for-you", "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/06/12/eating-too-much-protein_n_5481307.html", "https://www.exercise.com/faq/can-eating-too-much-protein-be-bad-for-you", "http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/three-problems-associated-much-protein-intake-6546.html", "http://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/randy11.htm" ] }

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[ "A herniated disc is a condition in which the annulus fibrosus (outer portion) of the vertebral disc is torn, enabling the nucleus (inner portion) to herniate or extrude through the fibers." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Disk herniation is a rupture of fibrocartilagenous material (annulus fibrosis) that surrounds the intervertebral disk. This rupture involves the release of the disk's center portion containing a gelatinous substance called the nucleus pulposus. Surgery versus conservative management of sciatica due to a lumbar herniated disc: A systematic review. European Spine Journal, 20 (4), 513–22. 1 The benefits of surgical management to treat symptoms of a lumbar herniated disk have not been substantiated.", "Thoracic Herniated Disc Video. A herniated disc is a condition in which the annulus fibrosus (outer portion) of the vertebral disc is torn, enabling the nucleus (inner portion) to herniate or extrude through the fibers. The herniated disc material is similar to crab meat in constitution. During surgery, generally only the disc material compressing the nerve will be removed, and most (95%) of the intervertebral disc material is left in place.", "Herniated disk. A herniated disk refers to a problem with one of the rubbery cushions (disks) between the individual bones (vertebrae) that stack up to make your spine. A spinal disk is a little like a jelly donut, with a softer center encased within a tougher exterior. Sometimes called a slipped disk or a ruptured disk, a herniated disk occurs when some of the softer jelly pushes out through a crack in the tougher exterior. A herniated disk can irritate nearby nerves and result in pain, numbness or weakness in an arm or leg. On the other hand, many people experience no symptoms from a herniated disk. Most people who have a herniated disk don't need surgery to correct the problem.", "The herniated material can compress the nerves around the disc and create pain that can radiate through the back and sometimes down the arms (if the herniation is in the cervical spine) and legs (if the herniation is in the lumbar spine). The herniated disc material is similar to crab meat in constitution. During surgery, generally only the disc material compressing the nerve will be removed, and most (95%) of the intervertebral disc material is left in place.", "Sections. If you have been diagnosed with a disc herniation, it can be extremely helpful to know the definition of the condition. Also known as a herniated or ruptured disc, a disc herniation is a type of degenerative spine condition that can lead to neck or back pain in an otherwise healthy individual. When a disc becomes herniated, the soft, gel-like nucleus material extrudes through a tear in the disc lining and can come into contact with the spinal cord or a nerve in the spinal column.", "Pain and other symptoms from a herniated disc can usually be treated successfully with medication and nonsurgical options including physical therapy, chiropractic manipulation, and injections. In some cases, a discectomy or microdiscectomy surgery can be performed on the herniated disc to decompress the nerve root. The herniated disc material is similar to crab meat in constitution. During surgery, generally only the disc material compressing the nerve will be removed, and most (95%) of the intervertebral disc material is left in place.", "1 The disk may prolapse where the nucleus pulposus migrates to the outermost fibers of the annulus fibrosis. 2 There may be a disk extrusion, which is the case if the annulus fibrosis perforates and material of the nucleus moves into the epidural space. Surgery versus conservative management of sciatica due to a lumbar herniated disc: A systematic review. European Spine Journal, 20 (4), 513–22. 1 The benefits of surgical management to treat symptoms of a lumbar herniated disk have not been substantiated.", "Predisposing factors associated with disk herniation include age, gender, and work environment. The peak age for occurrence of disk herniation is between 20-45 years of age. Studies have shown that males are more commonly affected than females in lumbar disk herniation by a 3:2 ratio. Surgery versus conservative management of sciatica due to a lumbar herniated disc: A systematic review. European Spine Journal, 20 (4), 513–22. 1 The benefits of surgical management to treat symptoms of a lumbar herniated disk have not been substantiated.", "Herniated disc: Rupturing of the tissue that separates the vertebral bones of the spinal column. The center of the disc, which is called the nucleus, is soft, springy and receives the shock of standing, walking, running, etc. The outer ring of the disc, which is called the annulus (Latin for ring), provides structure and strength to the disc. The annulus consists of a complex series of interwoven layers of fibrous tissue that hold the nucleus in place. A herniated disc is often referred to as a slipped disc. This term came from the action of the nuclear tissue when it is forced from the center of the disc. The nuclear tissue located in the center of the disc can be placed under so much pressure that it can cause the annulus to rupture" ], "url": [ "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/herniated+disk", "http://www.spine-health.com/glossary/herniated-disc", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/herniated-disk/basics/definition/CON-20029957", "http://www.spine-health.com/glossary/herniated-disc", "https://www.laserspineinstitute.com/articles/disc_herniation_articles/def/246/", "http://www.spine-health.com/glossary/herniated-disc", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/herniated+disk", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/herniated+disk", "http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=10661" ] }

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[ "The essential difference is that anthropogenic sources increase the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases and create an enhanced greenhouse effect.The burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas) in industry, transport and the generation of electricity, which releases Carbon Dioxide (CO2)." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Pollution can be caused both by natural sources and humans. Volcanic eruptions are an example of natural sources of pollution. When a volcano explodes, it releases sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, solid particles, and other materials into the air at a much greater rate than is normally the case. Pollution refers to situations in which some material or some form of energy occurs in larger quantity than can be tolerated by humans, plants, or animals without suffering some kind of harm. Probably the best-known forms of pollution are air and water pollution, which are discussed below.", "This in turn adds a little more to the greenhouse effect and therefore to global warming, providing an example of positive feedback. So, the essential difference is that anthropogenic sources increase the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases and create an enhanced greenhouse effect. The burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas) in industry, transport and the generation of electricity, which releases Carbon Dioxide (CO2).Methane released from cat … tle rearing as well as other agricultural practices.Carbon dioxide released from cement manufacturing.", "By their nature, the air pollution sources can be classified, mainly, as physical, chemical and biological sources, secondly as natural and anthropogenic sources, further on climate change relevant or not. The physical pollution of the atmosphere is a consequence energy input like sound and heat energy. ", "Burning oil, coal, gasoline and other fossil fuels is a major cause of man-made air pollution. Other man-made sources of air pollution include waste disposal, dry cleaning, paints, chemical manufacture, wood stoves and flour mills. Carbon dioxide and other gases trap heat in the atmosphere, causing global temperatures to rise. Although carbon dioxide has natural sources, such as volcanic eruptions, human activities have caused an increase from 280 parts per million before the development of industry to 370 parts per million today.", "Carbon-14. An important difference between CO2 from natural sources and CO2 from fossil fuels is the age of the carbon it contains. Younger natural sources of CO2 are relatively rich in carbon-14. But since carbon-14 has a half-life of about 5,700 years, it can’t be found in fossil fuels that are millions of years old. A large diversity of gasses in the atmosphere influence air quality, climate change and the recovery of the ozone layer. Measuring the concentrations of these gases in the atmosphere is quite straightforward. But pinpointing wether the gasses are a natural occurrence or anthropogenic in nature is a lot more complicated.", "Sources of air pollution. The major single source of air pollutants is the combustion (burning) of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and gas) to run industrial machines and generate electricity. All anthropogenic pollutants can be traced to some extent to this source. Pollution refers to situations in which some material or some form of energy occurs in larger quantity than can be tolerated by humans, plants, or animals without suffering some kind of harm. Probably the best-known forms of pollution are air and water pollution, which are discussed below.", "The important greenhouse gases, water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane and ozone are naturally occurring, but can also be added to the atmosphere by human activities. The burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas) in industry, transport and the generation of electricity, which releases Carbon Dioxide (CO2).Methane released from cat … tle rearing as well as other agricultural practices.Carbon dioxide released from cement manufacturing.", "Chapter 21 – Atmospheric Pollution. 1) Give three examples each of natural and anthropogenic air pollutants. First, volcanoes, fires and dust storms are natural polluters. The major constituents of the atmosphere are Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon, Carbon Dioxide and water vapor (page 544). ", "Methane is an important greenhouse gas that is emitted from multiple natural and anthropogenic sources. Atmospheric methane concentrations have varied on a number of timescales in the past, but what has caused these variations is not always well understood. ", "Carbon dioxide. Source: Burning fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas. Methane. Source: Cattle emissions, farming practices, melting tundra, coal seam fracking. Water … Vapor. Source: Earth's water cycle. Water vapor does not contribute to global warming, just to the natural greenhouse effect. The burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas) in industry, transport and the generation of electricity, which releases Carbon Dioxide (CO2).Methane released from cat … tle rearing as well as other agricultural practices.Carbon dioxide released from cement manufacturing." ], "url": [ "http://www.scienceclarified.com/Ph-Py/Pollution.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_natural_and_anthropogenic_sources_of_greenhouse_gases", "http://www.intechopen.com/books/air-quality/anthropogenic-air-pollution-sources", "http://classroom.synonym.com/difference-between-human-natural-air-pollution-23687.html", "http://www.bitsofscience.org/natural-anthropogenic-co2-differentiation-monitoring-5732/", "http://www.scienceclarified.com/Ph-Py/Pollution.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_natural_and_anthropogenic_sources_of_greenhouse_gases", "http://sustainable-world.webnode.com/news/chapter-21-atmospheric-pollution/", "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v490/n7418/full/nature11461.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_natural_and_anthropogenic_sources_of_greenhouse_gases" ] }

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[ "Horizontal plane" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Axes. An axis is a straight line around which an object rotates. Movement at the joint take place in a plane about an axis. There are three axis of rotation. 1 Sagital axis-passes horizontally from posterior to anterior and is formed by the intersection of the sagital and transverse planes.", "For the planes of a gear, see List of gear nomenclature. The transverse plane (also called the horizontal plane, axial plane, or transaxial plane) is an imaginary plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts. It is perpendicular to the coronal and sagittal planes. It is one of the planes of the body used to describe the location of body parts in relation to each other. The other two commonly used terms are the coronal plane and the sagittal plane.", "The transverse plane (also called the horizontal plane, axial plane, or transaxial plane) is an imaginary plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts. It is one of the planes of the body used to describe the location of body parts in relation to each other. The other two commonly used terms are the coronal plane and the sagittal plane.", "Your body can move in three distinct planes of motion: the sagittal plane, the frontal plane and the transverse plane. To get a comprehensive workout for your body, you should include exercises that move through each plane of motion. ", "1 A transverse plane, also known as an axial plane or cross-section, divides the body into cranial (head) and caudal (tail) portions. 2 It is parallel to the ground, which (in humans) separates the superior from the inferior, or put another way, the head from the feet. Movement at the joint take place in a plane about an axis. There are three axis of rotation. 1 Sagital axis-passes horizontally from posterior to anterior and is formed by the intersection of the sagital and transverse planes.", "The transverse axis, also known as the frontal or mediolateral axis, is perpendicular to the sagittal plane. In other words, the sagittal plane rotates about the transverse axis. A somersault is an example of movement about the transverse axis. The anteroposterior axis can also be called the sagittal axis. Frontal plane rotation occurs about the anteroposterior axis. Examples include jumping jacks and cartwheels", "transverse plane, any one of the planes cutting across the body perpendicular to the sagittal and the frontal planes (at right angles to the long axis of the body), dividing the body into superior and inferior parts. Also called cardinal horizontal plane. Compare frontal plane, median plane, sagittal plane. a vertical plane through the body parallel to the median plane (or to the sagittal suture) and dividing the body into left and right portions. transverse plane. one passing through the body, at right angles to the sagittal and dorsal planes, and dividing the body into cranial and caudal portions.", "a plane across the body at right angles to the coronal and sagittal planes; transverse planes are perpendicular to the long axis of the body or limbs, regardless of the position of the body or limb; in the anatomic position, transverse planes are horizontal planes; otherwise the two terms are not synonymous. a vertical plane through the body parallel to the median plane (or to the sagittal suture) and dividing the body into left and right portions. transverse plane. one passing through the body, at right angles to the sagittal and dorsal planes, and dividing the body into cranial and caudal portions.", "1 Transverse Planeo The Y-axis is perpendicular to the transverse plane. 2 Therefore a point which rotates around the Y-axis will move in the transverse plane.o Essentially, movement in a given plane takes place Y-axis around the axis that is perpendicular to that plane. 3 25. ", "1 A coronal or frontal plane is perpendicular to the ground and divides the body into dorsal (posterior or back) and ventral (anterior or front) portions. 2 A transverse plane, also known as an axial plane or cross-section, divides the body into cranial (head) and caudal (tail) portions. Movement at the joint take place in a plane about an axis. There are three axis of rotation. 1 Sagital axis-passes horizontally from posterior to anterior and is formed by the intersection of the sagital and transverse planes." ], "url": [ "http://www.physio-pedia.com/Cardinal_Planes_and_Axes_of_Movement", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_plane", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_plane", "http://healthyliving.azcentral.com/planes-motion-exercises-10043.html", "http://www.physio-pedia.com/Cardinal_Planes_and_Axes_of_Movement", "http://faculty.educ.ubc.ca/sanderson/courses/HKIN363/LABS/notes/revn1.htm", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/transverse+plane", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/transverse+plane", "http://www.slideshare.net/shimaa2022/planes-axes", "http://www.physio-pedia.com/Cardinal_Planes_and_Axes_of_Movement" ] }

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[ "The current social cost of carbon pollution estimates for a unit of emissions in 2015 are $57, $37, and $11 using 2.5 percent, 3 percent, and 5 percent, respectively." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The report argues the current social cost of carbon estimate is biased downwards.. The estimate doesn't consider climate impacts well-established in scientific literature, but not easily quantifiable as a cost. What we know is bad, said Wagner. What we don't know makes it worse.. The Obama administration updated that figure, known as the social cost of carbon, in November. But a report released Thursday argues that $37 is far too low.", "The social cost of carbon pollution calculates the economic cost of these problems and estimates the damage done by each ton of carbon dioxide [1] that is spewed into the air. The IWG produced four different social cost of carbon pollution estimates by using different discount rates. The discount rate is how economists measure the value of money over time—the tradeoff between what a dollar is worth today and what a dollar would be worth in the future.", "According the a new report, current best estimates could actually be on the low end thanks to “unknown unknowns.”. The most recent estimate for the cost of a ton of carbon emissions -- referred to as the social cost of carbon -- is $37. That number was calculated in 2013 by 12 federal agencies using three models that incorporate both our physical understanding of climate change and the cost of climate impacts around the globe. In the future, society is likely to become wealthier. Continuing to emit carbon is also likely to increase the odds of more adverse climate impacts. That means based on the most recent estimates, the same ton of carbon that cost $37 in 2014 will cost $43 in 2020.", "The social cost of carbon is regularly used to determine the benefits of policies that reduce carbon emissions. In turn, understanding those benefits help the federal government set rules such as capping power plant emissions, raising fuel efficiency and basically, any activity that involves carbon emissions. In the future, society is likely to become wealthier. Continuing to emit carbon is also likely to increase the odds of more adverse climate impacts. That means based on the most recent estimates, the same ton of carbon that cost $37 in 2014 will cost $43 in 2020.", "The current social cost of carbon pollution estimates for a unit of emissions in 2015 are $57, $37, and $11 using discount rates of 2.5 percent, 3 percent, and 5 percent, respectively. The IWG produced four different social cost of carbon pollution estimates by using different discount rates. The discount rate is how economists measure the value of money over time—the tradeoff between what a dollar is worth today and what a dollar would be worth in the future.", "COSTOFCARBON.ORG. ABSTRACT T he 2013 Interagency Working Group on the Social Cost of Carbon (IWG) updated the U.S. social cost of carbon (SCC) for 2015 from a central value of $24 to $37 using three integrated assessment models (IAMs): DICE-2010, FUND 3.8, and PAGE09. There is no change in the types of damages. 30 See forthcoming Appendix B.The 2013 Interagency Working Group utilized DICE-2010 to estimate the U.S. Social Cost of Carbon, as documented in the 2013 Technical Support Document.", "Social Cost of CO2, 2015-2050 a (in 2014 Dollars per metric ton CO2). Source: Technical Support Document (PDF, 21 pp, 1 MB) : Technical Update of the Social Cost of Carbon for Regulatory Impact Analysis Under Executive Order 12866 (May 2013, Revised July 2015). The SC-CO 2 is an estimate of the economic damages associated with a small increase in carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions, conventionally one metric ton, in a given year. This dollar figure also represents the value of damages avoided for a small emission reduction (i.e., the benefit of a CO 2 reduction).", "[7] That $37 value is denoted in 2007 USD and equals around $40 in today’s dollars. The social cost of carbon pollution estimate decreases as the discount rate increases because a higher discount rate implies that people care less about future generations than they do about the present. The IWG produced four different social cost of carbon pollution estimates by using different discount rates. The discount rate is how economists measure the value of money over time—the tradeoff between what a dollar is worth today and what a dollar would be worth in the future.", "The social cost of carbon should simply be the fiscal impact on future society that human-induced climate change from greenhouse gas emissions will impose. Knowing this, we (policymakers and regular citizens) can decide how much (if at all) we are willing to pay currently to reduce the costs to future society. The numerical values on the right-hand side of the illustration are the values for the social cost of carbon associated with the temperature change resulting from each emissions scenario (the SCC is reported for the year 2020 using constant $2007 and assuming a 3% discount rate)." ], "url": [ "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/03/13/social-cost-carbon_n_4953638.html", "http://costofcarbon.org/faq", "http://www.climatecentral.org/news/social-cost-of-carbon-is-greatly-underestimated-report-17170", "http://www.climatecentral.org/news/social-cost-of-carbon-is-greatly-underestimated-report-17170", "http://costofcarbon.org/faq", "http://costofcarbon.org/files/Omitted_Damages_Whats_Missing_From_the_Social_Cost_of_Carbon.pdf", "http://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/EPAactivities/economics/scc.html", "http://costofcarbon.org/faq", "http://www.cato.org/blog/administrations-social-cost-carbon-turns-social-cost-its-head" ] }

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[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Court fees for filing amendments to the debtor’s schedules of creditors and for motions to convert a case to Chapter 7 may be waived if a filing fee waiver is granted when the debtor initially files a Chapter 7 case. This authority is granted to the court under 28 U.S.C. Section 1930(f)(2). However, a debtor’s application requesting a fee waiver must be filed along with the voluntary bankruptcy petition. The debtor’s income must be less than 150% of the applicable official poverty line based on family size to be eligible for a Chapter 7 filing fee waiver.", "In addition to this income test, the debtor must be unable to pay the filing fee in installments. The filing fee cannot be waived in a Chapter 13 case but can be paid in up to four installments over a period of 120 days (or up to 180 days with court permission. However, a debtor’s application requesting a fee waiver must be filed along with the voluntary bankruptcy petition. The debtor’s income must be less than 150% of the applicable official poverty line based on family size to be eligible for a Chapter 7 filing fee waiver.", "A Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Fee Waiver can be a necessity to many people filing for Chapter 7 bankruptcy. Legally avoiding the $306 court fee can provide help when an individual needs it the most. This tutorial should be used in tandem with the File Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Without a Lawyer tutorial. ", "1 * Filing Fee-The filing fee is to be paid in full at the time of the filing of the petition unless the debtor files, and the court approves, an Application for Individuals to Pay the Filing Fee in Installments (Official Form B 3A) or an Application for Waiver of Chapter 7 Filing Fee (Official Form B 3B). 1 An application to pay in installments or for waiver of the filing fee can be filed by individual debtors only (including married couples) and shall be filed at the time of the filing of the petition. 2 Fed. 3 R. Bankr. 4 P. 1006(b). * 5 Voluntary Petition (Official Form B 1) - Required to initiate the bankruptcy case.", "Step 2. Fill out and file a fee-waiver petition simultaneously with the divorce petition. A fee-waiver petition is a document that specifically requests that the filing fee, which varies by court, be waived by the clerk, and that you be allowed to file the divorce petition free of charge. As grounds, you must assert that you are indigent and unable to pay the statutory fee. ", "To ask for a fee waiver: 1 Read the Information Sheet on Waiver of Superior Court Fees and Costs (Form FW-001-INFO). ( 2 Available in Spanish and Tagalog 3 .). Fill out the Request to Waive Court Fees (Form FW-001) (Spanish and Tagalog), reading the form very carefully. To ask for a court hearing to bring more information after your fee waiver request is denied: 1 Fill out a Request for Hearing About Court Fee Waiver Order (Form FW-006) and the top of Notice on Hearing about Court Fees (Form FW-007). 2 Use the instructions for FW-006 and instructions for FW-007 as a guide.", "If you do qualify your filing fees will be waived, and you will only be charged a one time administration fee of $25.00. This application form does not go to a judge, the clerk of court makes the determination as. to whether you qualify for civil indigent status. ", "The fee to file for Chapter 7 bankruptcy is currently $335. If you cannot afford to pay this fee up front or in installments, you might qualify for a waiver of the fee. Along with your other bankruptcy forms, you will have to complete and file an Application for Waiver of the Chapter 7 Filing Fee (Form 3B). You qualify for a fee waiver if: 1 you are an individual (businesses cannot apply for fee waivers). 2 you are filing for Chapter 7 bankruptcy. 3 you cannot pay the fee in installments over 120 days, and. 4 your combined family income is less than 150% of the official poverty line", "If you cannot afford to pay the $335 filing fee in full or in installments, you can file an Application for Waiver of Chapter 7 Filing Fee (Form 3B). You qualify for a fee waiver if: 1 you are an individual (businesses cannot apply for fee waivers). 2 you are filing for Chapter 7 bankruptcy. 3 you cannot pay the fee in installments over 120 days, and. 4 your combined family income is less than 150% of the official poverty line" ], "url": [ "http://www.bankruptcylawnetwork.com/can-filing-fees-be-waived-for-filing-bankruptcy/", "http://www.bankruptcylawnetwork.com/can-filing-fees-be-waived-for-filing-bankruptcy/", "http://www.wikihow.com/Request-a-Bankruptcy-Fee-Waiver", "http://www.flnb.uscourts.gov/filing-requirements/chapter-7-liquidation", "http://info.legalzoom.com/file-divorce-florida-20414.html", "http://www.courts.ca.gov/selfhelp-feewaiver.htm", "http://www.florida-court-forms.net/cant-afford-the-filing-fee.html", "http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/application-waiver-chapter-7-filing-fee.html", "http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/application-waiver-chapter-7-filing-fee.html" ] }

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[ "You do not need any formal qualifications to become a childminder." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Entry requirements. You do not need any formal qualifications to become a childminder but you do need to be aged 18 or over. You also need to be registered with Ofsted if you intend to care for a child or children under the age of eight for more than two hours a day. To become a childminder, you will need to have: 1 a love of children and a commitment to giving them high standards of care. 2 patience and a sense of humour. 3 flexibility. 4 good communication skills. 5 an awareness of health, safety and hygiene.", "To do childminding you have to be trained, officially registered and inspected by your recognised regional standards body (e.g. Ofsted). If you're thinking of how to become a childminder, take a look below for advice on childminding qualifications, childminder courses and more. Becoming a registered childminder gives you the chance to experience an incredibly rewarding and responsible career with all the benefits of home-based working. Becoming a childminder: proceeding with an application. If you've decided you'd like to become a registered childminder, and have read upon how to become a childminder, you will need to do the following: 1 Go to a local childminding pre-registration briefing session. 2 This session tells you about becoming a childminder.", "At the meeting, you will be given information about becoming a childminder, an application pack and details of the early years foundation stage (EYFS). The EYFS sets out the standards for the learning, development and care of children from birth to five years old. To become a childminder, you will need to have: 1 a love of children and a commitment to giving them high standards of care. 2 patience and a sense of humour. 3 flexibility. 4 good communication skills. 5 an awareness of health, safety and hygiene.", "Becoming a childminder. If you love children and want to help give them the best start in life, being a registered childminder could be the ideal job for you. We say, job, but our members tell us that being a childminder is a vocation. If you want to become a childminder, read on to discover more about the process and the training required. We'll also highlight some of the professional development opportunities available to you and give you the support and information you’ll need to get started on this rewarding journey.", "In England-First you need to contact your local authority, Local Authority finder. Remember, if you work as a childminder without being registered you are breaking the law. Anyone who cares for children for more than 2 hours per day for reward must be registered and inspected by Ofsted. You can visit the Ofsted website for more information about inspections and registration. You might want to read more about childminding and what it involves-I've recently been given a copy of the book Registered Childminding-The Secrets of Success which provides very useful information-read review here.", "You do not need any qualifications, but you do need to be registered with Ofsted before you can look after children under the age of eight. To become a childminder, you will need to have patience and a sense of humour. To become a childminder, you will need to have: 1 a love of children and a commitment to giving them high standards of care. 2 patience and a sense of humour. 3 flexibility. 4 good communication skills. 5 an awareness of health, safety and hygiene." ], "url": [ "https://nationalcareersservice.direct.gov.uk/advice/planning/jobprofiles/Pages/childminder.aspx", "http://www.netmums.com/back-to-work/becoming-a-childminder", "https://nationalcareersservice.direct.gov.uk/advice/planning/jobprofiles/Pages/childminder.aspx", "https://www.pacey.org.uk/working-in-childcare/childminders/becoming-a-childminder/", "http://www.childmindinghelp.co.uk/becomingachildminder.html", "https://nationalcareersservice.direct.gov.uk/advice/planning/jobprofiles/Pages/childminder.aspx" ] }

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[ "$400" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Shipping packages to Mexico is common in the United States and isn't particularly hard for most goods, but there's a lot to learn the first time you do it. ", "USPS can be another good choice for sending small parcels to Mexico, especially if you are shipping something light and inexpensive. First-Class International Parcel service is a really cheap option if your parcel is under 4 lbs, under $400 value, less than 24″ long, and with less than 36″ total length+depth+height. Normally, USPS shipments (even Priority Mail) are only tracked until they leave the US.", "When I or my wife send stuff to Mexico, we usually use USPS Priority, instead of UPS, DHL or Fedex, because they're really expensive and they charge Import Taxes to the receiver (I'm telling you this because I've seen it). ", "If you're going to ship something, you really owe it to yourself to check out uShip. Had a small shipment to send across the country; movers were more than 2x what I paid on uShip. Not only that, it took five days to get there...couldn't be better! - Ed C. What to Expect from a Freight Forwarder. Small packages that are too large to send by traditional mail, such as bowling balls, home electronics, microwaves, or computers can easily be shipped as less-than-truckload freight or by local courier services on uShip.com.", "Export and import rate and transit time quotes can be obtained below by entering your US billed account number. You may use your export account number for export quotes or use your import account number (begins with 95/96) for an import quote and for quotes that do not include the US. You can still obtain a quote without an account number, just advance to section 2 directly. Fields marked with an asterisk (*) are required", "Best Answer: Using DHL, Fedex, or UPS will cost you a small fortune. I always send my packages through the USPS and they get there in two weeks. Of course I have been lucky and you're always taking a gamble to use USPS but without spending $100 its the best way to go. Source(s): ♥ Jessy D ♥ · 7 years ago.", "When you ship with either the FedEx 10kg Box or the FedEx 25kg Box, you’ll enjoy convenient, flat-rate pricing to more than 220 countries and territories, with delivery typically in 1 to 3 business days. Simple, predictable international shipping. ", "Depending on your shipment’s value, DHL could be a good choice due to their low brokerage/disbursement fee (2.5% of the declared value with a minimum of $7) according to this forum, which is lower than FedEx and UPS for many values. First-Class International Parcel service is a really cheap option if your parcel is under 4 lbs, under $400 value, less than 24″ long, and with less than 36″ total length+depth+height. Normally, USPS shipments (even Priority Mail) are only tracked until they leave the US.", "UPS Freight provides LTL freight shipping services to all parts of Mexico, and utilizes five gateway within the U.S., including Otay Mesa, CA, Nogales, AZ, Laredo, TX, El Paso, TX, and Brownsville, TX. First-Class International Parcel service is a really cheap option if your parcel is under 4 lbs, under $400 value, less than 24″ long, and with less than 36″ total length+depth+height. Normally, USPS shipments (even Priority Mail) are only tracked until they leave the US.", "Shipping Companies – Parcel Couriers. Here is a list of companies that ship small parcels to Mexico. Each company has their own strengths and weaknesses, and different rules and requirements. Let Pack and Post help you select the best carrier for your particular shipment. First-Class International Parcel service is a really cheap option if your parcel is under 4 lbs, under $400 value, less than 24″ long, and with less than 36″ total length+depth+height. Normally, USPS shipments (even Priority Mail) are only tracked until they leave the US." ], "url": [ "http://www.ehow.com/how_5162582_ship-packages-mexico.html", "http://www.packandpost.com/international-shipping/north-america/shipping-to-mexico", "http://www.city-data.com/forum/mexico/1255345-safest-manner-send-package-mexico-usa.html", "http://www.uship.com/small-package-shipping/", "https://ratequote.dhl-usa.com/", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081014082656AATu701", "https://smallbusiness.fedex.com/international/flat-rate.html", "http://www.packandpost.com/international-shipping/north-america/shipping-to-mexico", "http://www.packandpost.com/international-shipping/north-america/shipping-to-mexico", "http://www.packandpost.com/international-shipping/north-america/shipping-to-mexico" ] }

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[ "Clean your car well on the outside by washing and drying it before starting the repair. While washing the car, get a good idea where the chips that need to be fixed are. Then dry the car with lint-free towels." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A demonstration of the the Chipex car paint stone chip repair system on a BMW 5 series. Get Your Chipex Touch Up Paint Here: http://www.chipex.co.uk. BMW Touch Up Paint: http://www.chipex.co.uk/bmw-touch-up-... 1 Howto & Style. ", "E-mail. Once the repair is flush to the rest of the paint, take the rubbing compound and polish the area with a clean, cotton cloth. Wash the area to clean off all the rubbing compound, rinse and dry. I would let the repair continue to cure for about a week before waxing your car. Any slight excess can be wet sanded down and then rubbed out. Most stone chips are probably on your hood leading edge. To prevent runs, you'll find lifting the hood, until the chip is horizontal to the ground, will keep the paint centered while drying.", "1 The touch up paint my car dealership sells me is the best way to fix scratches and chips. 2 Not true. 3 The biggest problem is with the applicator: it’s just too large! 4 Most chips and scratches are best touched up with a fine-tipped artist’s brush…the kind used by hobbyists who assemble model cars and airplanes. We repair a lot of scratches and rock chips on our customers cars using factory-paint-matching paint and a variety of brushes, squeegees, scratch fillers, and excess paint removers. Most of the general public isn’t aware that paint chip and scratch repair is a subspecialty of the automotive business.", "Instructions. Clean your car well on the outside by washing and drying it before starting the repair. While washing the car, get a good idea where the chips that need to be fixed are. Then dry the car with lint-free towels. Take the matching spray paint and shake the can well. Take your toothpick and dab it into the car paint, which is in the lid. Fill the chip with the matching paint until the chip is covered. Do this as evenly as possible and without overfilling. Fill each chip just like this and allow plenty of time for it to dry before moving your car.", "There are three options that you have to choose from. 1 You can just let it be. 2 You can have the auto body shop repaint your car for $500+ a panel. 3 You can have a professional fill in your chips using a rock chip paint touch up system. 1 Some people don’t mind having the rock chips on their hood. 2 Be careful though. 3 If you don’t seal up the chips on your car there is a high risk that rust will start to form and then your paint will start to flake off. 4", "Fix small chips. This is a typical rock chip that you can fix with this procedure. In fact, even if the chip is about one-fourth the size of a dime, you can still repair it. ", "One of the most annoying things about car ownership has to be getting chips on your cars paint work. We shall look at this problem and see how to perform an invisible repair to restore the paint to its former glory. The more loose stones there are on the road the more likely it is to pick up a stone chip. Fast roads and higher speeds mean deeper and bigger stone chips. Lots of stone chips is also a sign that you drive too close to the car in front! The more miles you clock up the worse it gets. Although cars can have a protective film applied to resist stone chips most people are left with pitted bonnets that look really unsightly and can easily start to rust. ", "1 Be careful though. 2 If you don’t seal up the chips on your car there is a high risk that rust will start to form and then your paint will start to flake off. 3 You can have the auto body shop repaint your car for $500+ a panel. 4 If you want it perfect, this may be the way to go. 1 Some people don’t mind having the rock chips on their hood. 2 Be careful though. 3 If you don’t seal up the chips on your car there is a high risk that rust will start to form and then your paint will start to flake off. 4", "Effective paint chip repair keeps your car looking like new and protects it from rust and other long-term damage. Easier to use than traditional touch-up paint or paint pens, you'll get professional results and a guaranteed exact OEM match to your car's finish. My car isn't in the search list. Dr. ColorChip's proprietary three-step paint chip repair process is the easiest and most effective way to touch-up minor automotive paint chips and road rash." ], "url": [ "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzKoYQLcFks", "http://www.popularmechanics.com/cars/how-to/a6092/how-to-repair-chipped-car-paint/", "http://www.acecars.net/?p=924", "http://www.ehow.com/how_4478643_fix-stone-chips-car-paint.html", "http://www.kcdetailing.com/2013/01/07/automotive-rock-paint-chip-touch-up-repair/", "http://www.familyhandyman.com/automotive/diy-car-paint/how-to-repair-chipped-car-paint/view-all", "http://www.torquecars.com/articles/stone-chip-removal.php", "http://www.kcdetailing.com/2013/01/07/automotive-rock-paint-chip-touch-up-repair/", "http://www.drcolorchip.com/" ] }

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[ "A normal arterial blood oxygen level typically falls between 75 and 100 mmHg." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "This measurement is called an arterial blood oxygen. A normal arterial blood oxygen level typically falls between 75 and 100 mmHg. Your blood carbon dioxide level and pH -- a measure of acidity or alkalinity -- are usually measured along with the arterial blood oxygen level.", "Hypoxemia, or low blood oxygen, describes a lower than normal level of oxygen in your blood. In order to function properly, your body needs a certain level of oxygen circulating in the blood to cells and tissues.", "Normal blood oxygen levels for the average American is about 90 to 100 percent oxygen saturation. This means that your body is getting enough oxygen if your levels fall somewhere in this range.", "Healthy people have a normal range of oxygen saturation from 95% – 100%, although levels down to 90% are common and not usually cause for alarm. During exercise, the increased oxygen consumption may reduce blood saturation, but the increased breathing rate and blood flow compensate for this.", "Though the pulse oximeter actually measures the saturation of oxygen in your blood, the results are often used as an estimate of blood oxygen levels. Normal pulse oximeter readings range from 95 to 100 percent, under most circumstances. Values under 90 percent are considered low. 1 Causes.", "At sea level, a normal blood oxygen level (saturation) is usually 96 - 97%. Although there are no generally accepted classifications for severity of oxygen desaturation, reductions to not less than 90% usually are considered mild. Dips into the 80 - 89% range can be considered moderate, and those below 80% are severe.", "A pulse oximeter uses light to measure the oxygen saturation level, the percentage of hemoglobin in your red blood cells carrying oxygen. Normal oxygen saturation levels fall between 95 and 99 percent." ], "url": [ "http://www.livestrong.com/article/124374-normal-range-blood-oxygen-level/", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/hypoxemia/basics/definition/SYM-20050930", "http://www.fitday.com/fitness-articles/fitness/cardio/understanding-blood-oxygen-levels-at-rest.html", "http://www.3fatchicks.com/what-is-a-normal-resting-blood-oxygen-level/", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/hypoxemia/basics/definition/SYM-20050930", "http://healthysleep.med.harvard.edu/sleep-apnea/diagnosing-osa/understanding-results", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/124374-normal-range-blood-oxygen-level/" ] }

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[ "Charles Perkins was born in Alice Springs; his mother was Arrente and his father Kalkadoon. He was removed from the Alice Springs Telegraph Station Aboriginal Reserve when he was 10 and educated at St Francis House, a school established by Father Percy Smith in Adelaide to educate Aboriginal boys." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Charles Perkins: Freedom Rides : On the night of the 12 February 1965, 30 university students from Sydney boarded a bus and set off to campaign in the country towns of New South Wales. In 1965 he led the Student Action for Aborigines group on the first 'Freedom Ride', a bus trip designed to protest and bring to attention to the racial discrimination that was rife in rural communities.", "After his education in Adelaide and his soccer days, Perkins went to the University of Sydney, from where he graduated in 1965 with a Bachelor of Arts. He was the first Indigenous Australian to graduate from tertiary education in Australia. In 1965 he led the Student Action for Aborigines group on the first 'Freedom Ride', a bus trip designed to protest and bring to attention to the racial discrimination that was rife in rural communities.", "Charles Nelson Perkins, AO, commonly known as Charlie Perkins ,(16 June 1936 – 19 October 2000) was an Australian Aboriginal activist, soccer player and administrator. He was known as Kumantjayi Perkins in the period immediately following his death. Perkins was named by the National Trust of Australia as one of Australia's Living National Treasures. In 2001 The Dr Charles Perkins AO Memorial Oration and Dr Charles Perkins AO Memorial Prize were established in his honour by the University of Sydney.", "After the Freedom Rides, Charles Perkins began his career as a public servant in 1969 as a Senior Research Officer with the office of Aboriginal Affairs. His upbringing/education before going to University. In the first few years of his life his mum educated him the ways of the Arrente – his ancestor’s tribe. At the age of 8 (around 1945), after his mum permission, he was voluntarily taken to go to St Francis – a Christian school – in Adelaide by the Anglican Priest.", "From the State Funeral program, Sydney Town Hall, 25th October 2000. Charles’s grandmother, Nellie Errerreke Perkins, and his mother Hetti, were Eastern Arrernte women, Hetti was born at Arltunga, east of Mparntwe (Alice Springs), in Central Australia. Hetti’s young life was spent around the local mines and working on pastoral stations. In 1935, Hetti met Martin Connelly while living at the Bungalow (Old Telegraph Station) near Alice Springs. Martin’s mother was a Kalkadoon woman from the Mt Isa region and his father was Irish. Hetti had two children to Martin.", "Indigenous leader and public administrator (1936–2000). Charles (Charlie) Perkins was born at the Alice Springs Telegraph Station Aboriginal Reserve in the Northern Territory in 1936. His parents were Arrente and Kalkadoon people. Records relating to Charles Perkins held by the National Archives. The National Archives holds many records relating to Charles Perkins, and in particular his years as a government employee. You can search the collection to identify records. Examples of the types of records held are listed in the tables below.", "Early life and family [edit]. Charles Perkins was born in Alice Springs to Hetty Perkins, originally from nearby Arltunga, and Martin Connelly, originally from Mount Isa, Queensland. His mother was born to a white father and an Arrernte mother, while his father was born to an Irish father and a Kalkadoon mother. Perkins was named by the National Trust of Australia as one of Australia's Living National Treasures. In 2001 The Dr Charles Perkins AO Memorial Oration and Dr Charles Perkins AO Memorial Prize were established in his honour by the University of Sydney.", "Charles Perkins was born in Alice Springs to Hetty Perkins, originally from nearby Arltunga, and Martin Connelly, originally from Mount Isa, Queensland. Perkins was named by the National Trust of Australia as one of Australia's Living National Treasures. In 2001 The Dr Charles Perkins AO Memorial Oration and Dr Charles Perkins AO Memorial Prize were established in his honour by the University of Sydney.", "Charles Perkins was born on the 16th of June, 1936 behind the old telegraph station (previosuly known as 'The Bugalow') in Alice Springs (Northern Territory) Australia. His upbringing/education before going to University. In the first few years of his life his mum educated him the ways of the Arrente – his ancestor’s tribe. At the age of 8 (around 1945), after his mum permission, he was voluntarily taken to go to St Francis – a Christian school – in Adelaide by the Anglican Priest.", "(1936 to 2000). Charles Perkins was born in Alice Springs; his mother was Arrente and his father Kalkadoon. He was removed from the Alice Springs Telegraph Station Aboriginal Reserve when he was 10 and educated at St Francis House, a school established by Father Percy Smith in Adelaide to educate Aboriginal boys. Perkins' role in this action propelled him to a position as a national Aboriginal leader and spokesman, a position he held until his death. In the post-referendum period, Charles Perkins was critical of the Federal Council, believing it had not done enough to share power with Aboriginal members." ], "url": [ "http://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-14_u-117_t-319_c-1079/charles-perkins-freedom-rides/nsw/charles-perkins-freedom-rides/power-people-and-politics-in-the-post-war-period/people-and-power", "http://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-14_u-117_t-319_c-1079/charles-perkins-freedom-rides/nsw/charles-perkins-freedom-rides/power-people-and-politics-in-the-post-war-period/people-and-power", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Perkins_(Aboriginal_activist)", "http://perkinsforfreedom.weebly.com/charles-perkins.html", "http://www.perkinstrust.com.au/about-dr-charles-perkins.html", "http://www.naa.gov.au/collection/fact-sheets/fs225.aspx", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Perkins_(Aboriginal_activist)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Perkins_(Aboriginal_activist)", "http://perkinsforfreedom.weebly.com/charles-perkins.html", "http://indigenousrights.net.au/people/pagination/charles_perkins" ] }

[]

[ "Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Using cognitive therapy with schizophrenia requires the psychologist to accept that the cognitive distortions and disorganized thinking of schizophrenia are produced, at least in part, by a biological problem that will not cease simply because the correct interpretation of reality is explained to the client. There are many reasons for this. First, schizophrenia is seen as a life-long illness, and few insurance plans were willing to provide coverage for treatment in the private sector because of the anticipated expense. This continues to be true, especially with managed care.", "Other treatments are accruing moderate-to-strong research support in treating schizophrenia. Strongly supported by research, for both schizophrenia and other types of problems alike, is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Treatment is not focused on a “cure” but on symptom management and quality of life. Psychotherapy is not the treatment of choice for someone with schizophrenia. Used as an adjunct to a good medication plan, however, psychotherapy can help maintain the individual on their medication, learn needed social skills, and support the person’s weekly goals and activities in their community.", "I want to focus on these two papers for this posting which both talk about the use of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and its role in treating schizophrenia. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of psychotherapy in which the patient is given challenges to certain beliefs they have. Using changes in behavior and changes in the way people process certain ideas, a patient can try and understand the world differently. CBT is not a replacement for medication but should if used should be used in conjunction with medications. Trower P, Birchwood M, Meaden A, Byrne S, Nelson A, Ross K. Cognitive therapy for command hallucinations: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry.", "However, it does not cover every detail about psychotherapy. Patients should talk to their doctor or a psychotherapist about planning treatment that meets their needs. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a blend of two therapies: cognitive therapy (CT) and behavioral therapy. CT was developed by psychotherapist Aaron Beck, M.D., in the 1960's. ", "That is why cognitive therapy and behavioral therapy are often combined. Individuals with schizophrenia often make incorrect assessments of cause and effect. Also, they often do not learn as well from experience because of their disordered and disorganized thinking. There are many reasons for this. First, schizophrenia is seen as a life-long illness, and few insurance plans were willing to provide coverage for treatment in the private sector because of the anticipated expense. This continues to be true, especially with managed care.", "CBT is used to treat a wide variety of mental illnesses, from depression to schizophrenia, and many therapists use at least some elements of cognitive behavior therapy when treating patients. Cognitive behavior theory is the blending of two approaches to psychotherapy: behavior therapy and cognitive therapy. Behavior therapy is based on the theory that problematic behaviors can unlearned and desired behaviors can be learned.", "The treatment goal, for the cognitive therapist, is not to cure schizophrenia, but to improve the client's ability to manage life problems, to function independently, and to be free of extreme distress and other psychological symptoms. There are many reasons for this. First, schizophrenia is seen as a life-long illness, and few insurance plans were willing to provide coverage for treatment in the private sector because of the anticipated expense. This continues to be true, especially with managed care.", "Sometimes this treatment approach is called cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy because of the ease with which the two approaches combine to effectively treat a variety of psychological problems. This combination of treatment techniques is also effective in the treatment of schizophrenia. There are many reasons for this. First, schizophrenia is seen as a life-long illness, and few insurance plans were willing to provide coverage for treatment in the private sector because of the anticipated expense. This continues to be true, especially with managed care.", "Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in schizophrenia was originally developed to provide additional treatment for residual symptoms, drawing on the principles and intervention strategies previously developed for anxiety and depression. PROCEDURE. The therapeutic techniques used for patients with schizophrenia are based on the general principles of CBT. Links are established between thoughts, feelings, and actions in a collaborative and accepting atmosphere. Agendas are set and used but are generally more flexibly developed than in traditional CBT" ], "url": [ "http://www.psychologyinfo.com/schizophrenia/cognitive.htm", "http://psychcentral.com/disorders/schizophrenia-treatment/", "http://schizophrenia.com/sznews/archives/002905.html", "http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/psychotherapies/index.shtml", "http://www.psychologyinfo.com/schizophrenia/cognitive.htm", "http://www.schizophrenic.com/articles/treatment/cognitive-behavior-theory", "http://www.psychologyinfo.com/schizophrenia/cognitive.htm", "http://www.psychologyinfo.com/schizophrenia/cognitive.htm", "http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/schizophrenia/abcs-cognitive-behavioral-therapy-schizophrenia" ] }

[]

[ "Eat someone out of house and home." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The actual term Expiration Date refers to the last date a food should be eaten or used. Last means last -- proceed at your own risk. Other, more commonly spotted terms are: 1 Sell by date. 2 The labeling sell by tells the store how long to display the product for sale. 3 You should buy the product before the date expires. ", "What is the meaning of the idiomatic expression eaten her heart out? The phrase I believe you are referring to is to eat one's heart out, and it means that the person that is receiving this taunt has a reason to be extremely jealous or saddened … by whatever has prompted the other person to say it. The words you and me are not interchangeable, as you can clearly see in the sentence I would like to see my wages paid to you. as opposed … to I would like to see my wages paid to me.. The correct quotation is he hath eaten me out of house and home..", "It is a slang expression used to describe oral sex, often between two women. The words you and me are not interchangeable, as you can clearly see in the sentence I would like to see my wages paid to you. as opposed … to I would like to see my wages paid to me.. The correct quotation is he hath eaten me out of house and home..", "eat someone out of house and home. Fig. to eat everything that someone has in the house. That huge dog is eating us out of house and home. The entire football team came over and ate poor Sally out of house and home. eat somebody out of house and home. to eat a large amount of food in someone's home The boys have only been back two days and they've already eaten me out of house and home. See also: and, eat, home, house, of, out.", "Anonymous asks: How do you best position yourself to get eaten out? I've never thought of oral being appealing (as a girl) but I'm interested in how it would best be played out. Like so: I'd really like to try being eaten out with you, is that something you'd like to try?. Or, if you're more direct, and your partner has already made clear that he or she would like to try giving you oral sex, then a Why don't you lick me? will also work.", "to eat most of the food that someone has in their house The boys have only been back two days and they've already eaten me out of house and home. eat somebody out of house and home. to eat a large amount of food in someone's home The boys have only been back two days and they've already eaten me out of house and home. See also: and, eat, home, house, of, out.", "Seeing another person being eaten by a snake can mean you have encountered a disagreement with someone. In your dream you may have... 1 Been eaten. 2 Eaten by a snake. 3 Eaten by humans. 4 Eaten by an animal. 5 Seen other people being eaten. 6 Cannalibism. 7 Seen a large monster eating you. 8 Eaten other people or animals. ", "like if i ever do it & i take a shower & you know clean down there like i'm afraid it will smell or be dirty.. i clean that everyday too but i get paranoid. & i was just wondering what it is like to be eaten out by a boy and if you would like to share any of your personal experiences. Update: i've had sex before .. so i know what that's like i've just never been eaten out. like if i ever do it & i take a shower & you know clean down there like i'm afraid it will smell or be dirty.. i clean that everyday too but i get paranoid. & i was just wondering what it is like to be eaten out by a boy and if you would like to share any of your personal experiences. Add your answer. Source.", "Save as Favorite. Healthy eating means eating a variety of foods that give you the nutrients you need to maintain your health, feel good, and have energy. These nutrients include protein, carbohydrates, fat, water, vitamins, and minerals. Nutrition is important for everyone. " ], "url": [ "http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/features/do-food-expiration-dates-matter", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_does_it_mean_to_be_eaten_out", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_does_it_mean_to_be_eaten_out", "http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/eat+out+of+house+and+home", "http://www.scarleteen.com/article/advice/how_do_you_best_position_yourself_to_get_eaten_out", "http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/eat+out+of+house+and+home", "http://www.auntyflo.com/dream-dictionary/being-eaten", "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20101112124358AAuAJx5", "http://www.breastcancer.org/tips/nutrition/healthy_eat" ] }

[]

[ "Protein" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The 10 amino acids that we can produce are alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, proline, serine and tyrosine. Tyrosine is produced from phenylalanine, so if the diet is deficient in phenylalanine, tyrosine will be required as well. The precise amino acid content, and the sequence of those amino acids, of a specific protein, is determined by the sequence of the bases in the gene that encodes that protein. The chemical properties of the amino acids of proteins determine the biological activity of the protein.", "Therefore, all 20 of these amino acids must be synthesized by the plant. A challenge lies in the fact that proteins have a finite life span and must be constantly translated from m-RNA in order for plant growth and development to continue. This means that there must be a ready supply of all 20 amino acids for protein synthesis and ultimately plant growth and development occur. A protein is created when a series of amino acids are bound together.", "Proteins have a structural function, metabolic function (enzymes), a transport function and a stock of Amino Acids function. Only L-Amino Acids are assimilated by plants. D-Amino Acids are not recognised by the enzymatic locus and therefore can not participate in protein synthesis. Every plant like any organism needs certain components for growth over and above soil, sun, rain and air. The basic component of living cells is Proteins, with building block material, Amino Acids. Proteins are formed by sequence of", "Amino Acids are fundamental ingredients in the process of Protein Synthesis. About 20 important Amino Acids are involved in the process of each function. Studies have proved that Amino Acids can directly or indirectly influence the physiological activities of the plant. Every plant like any organism needs certain components for growth over and above soil, sun, rain and air. The basic component of living cells is Proteins, with building block material, Amino Acids. Proteins are formed by sequence of", "Amino Acids. Amino acids are organic compounds that are the building blocks of proteins. In most animal metabolisms, a number of amino acids play an essential role. The genetic code, which determines the assembly of amino acids into body proteins, is mediated by the nucleic acids. In addition to the 20 common amino acids, others occur in proteins. Analysis of many proteins from plant and animal sources has shown that all are made up of about 25 to 30 amino acids. In addition, more than 50 amino acids, not combined in proteins, have been found in plant", "The addition of amino acids to hydroponic nutrient solution often has a dramatic affect on plant growth. Again, the secrets of amino acids lie in nature. As beneficial microorganisms grow and multiply in a healthy, organic soil, they produce enzymes that break down organic matter. ", "They are known as 2-, alpha-, or α-amino acids (generic formula H 2 NCHRCOOH in most cases, where R is an organic substituent known as a side-chain ); often the term amino acid is used to refer specifically to these. In the form of proteins, amino acids comprise the second-largest component (water is the largest) of human muscles, cells and other tissues. Outside proteins, amino acids perform critical roles in processes such as neurotransmitter transport and biosynthesis.", "The requirement of amino acids in essential quantities is well known as a means to increase yield and overall quality of crops. The application of amino acids for foliar use is based on its requirement by plants in general and at critical stages of growth in particular. Plants absorb Amino Acids through Stomas and is proportionate to environment temperature. Every plant like any organism needs certain components for growth over and above soil, sun, rain and air. The basic component of living cells is Proteins, with building block material, Amino Acids. Proteins are formed by sequence of", "To better understand plant growth and development we need to take a closer look at these protein molecules. Proteins are constructed from even smaller molecules called amino acids. In Figure 1, the general molecular structure of amino acids is illustrated. This means that there must be a ready supply of all 20 amino acids for protein synthesis and ultimately plant growth and development occur. A protein is created when a series of amino acids are bound together." ], "url": [ "http://www.biology.arizona.edu/biochemistry/problem_sets/aa/aa.html", "http://passel.unl.edu/pages/informationmodule.php?idinformationmodule=959117477&topicorder=2&maxto=7", "http://www.priyachem.com/effect.htm", "http://www.priyachem.com/effect.htm", "http://www.mmeade.com/cheat/aminoacid.html", "http://www.amino-acid.mobi/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid", "http://www.priyachem.com/effect.htm", "http://passel.unl.edu/pages/informationmodule.php?idinformationmodule=959117477&topicorder=2&maxto=7" ] }

[]

[ "For the credit" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Definition. A rent guarantor is someone who, although they may not live with you in a rental unit, signs the lease with you. They are called guarantors because they provide a guarantee, or promise, to your landlord or property owner that they'll cover rent payment if you do not.", "· just now. Report Abuse. no you don`t need a guarantor, the landlord will do credit checks and take an extra month rent as deposit then if there`s any damage or bills aren`t paid when you leave the deposit will pay what you owe and if there`s any left you`ll get the remainder. bud · 7 years ago.", "If you haven't been living at the same address for more than 6 months, working in same company for more than 6 months, if you are a student or in a job with low earnings, you will more than likely need a guarantor to be able to privately rent accommodation.", "You may need a rent guarantor if you don't qualify for that perfect apartment alone. Jupiterimages/Creatas/Getty Images. Finding an apartment doesn't always have to involve anyone else, but there are instances where you may need someone else to step in and help you qualify.", "If you need a guarantor but don't have a rich uncle with a sack of gold, try Insurent, a guarantor service. Insurent requires an income of 27.5 times the monthly rent and a good credit history. To act as your guarantor, they'll charge you 75 to 80 percent of one month's rent upfront.", "1 On a mortgage, the guarantor is part of the mortgage process. 2 Your guarantor will have to disclose his assets, income, and debts, as well as undergo a credit check. 3 The mortgage company wants a guarantor that can pay for his own rent or mortgage and be able to assume yours if you default.", "Landlords will usually want a guarantor who lives in the UK, as it's easier for them to take legal action against a UK resident if they need to. This may present a problem for you if you're an international student, so if you can't get a UK-based guarantor, you may be asked to pay more rent in advance." ], "url": [ "http://www.ehow.co.uk/info_8316072_rent-guarantor.html", "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090228074818AAy8a1U", "http://www.themovechannel.com/guides/renting/getting_in/guarantors/", "http://www.ehow.co.uk/info_8316072_rent-guarantor.html", "http://www.nakedapartments.com/guides/nyc/beginning-your-search/the-guarantor", "http://www.wikihow.com/Find-a-Guarantor", "https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/housing/renting-a-home/student-housing/students-in-private-rented-accommodation/student-housing-using-a-guarantor/" ] }

[]

[ "Because it is the largest sand island in the world at 1840 km.", "Because of its outstanding natural universal values." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "World Heritage. Fraser Island - 1992. Stretching over 120 kilometres along the southern coast of Queensland, Fraser Island (184 000 hectares) is the largest sand island in the world. It was inscribed on the World Heritage List in recognition of its outstanding natural universal values: ", "In 1972 UNESCO adopted the World Heritage Convention to protect special places for all humanity. Fraser Island was World Heritage listed by UNESCO in 1992 in recognition of its natural values. ", "Report Abuse. Fraser Island Australia World Heritage Listed To find out more go to: http://www.fraserisland.net/ Fraser Island-stretching over 123 kilometres along the southern coast of Queensland. Fraser Island with an area of 184 000 hectares is the largest sand island in the world. Elizabeth · 8 years ago. Thumbs up. Best Answer: Because it is a beautiful island that people want to be preserved. Australia has more natural world heritage sites than any other country in the world. It has 11/166 or 6.6% of them.", "Fraser Island: World Heritage Site. Off the coast of Queensland, Fraser Island is a wonderful place to explore. Located not far to the north (approx. 200kms) of Brisbane near Maryborough. The island sits opposite the Queensland coast, separated by the great Sandy Strait and Hervey Bay. Fraser Island is a World Heritage Listed site. See more about: World Heritage Sites in Australia. See more about the National Parks and Reserves in Australia and the National Parks Map. South West of Brisbane, you can explore the Girraween National Park", "Fraser Island stretches over 123 kilometres in length and 22 kilometres at its widest point. With an area of 184 000 hectares it is the largest sand island in the world. Fraser Island's World Heritage listing ranks it with Australia's Uluru, Kakadu and the Great Barrier Reef. Fraser Island is a precious part of Australia's natural and cultural heritage, it is protected for all to appreciate and enjoy. Fraser Island is the only place in the world where tall rainforests are found growing on sand dunes at elevations of over 200 metres. The low wallum heaths on the island are of particular evolutionary and ecological significance, and provide magnificent wildflower displays in spring and summer.", "Making the world better, one answer at a time. Fraser Island is the largest sand island in the world. It was inscribed on the World Heritage List in recognition of its outstanding natural universal values. ", "Other examples of places on the World Heritage List include the Grand Canyon, Stonehenge, Egyptian Pyramids, parts of the Amazon and the Great Wall of China. Fraser Island is the world’s largest sand island—a giant sandmass 123 km long and 25 km at its widest point. It was World Heritage-listed in 1992. Under the provisions of the World Heritage Convention, all of Fraser Island was given World Heritage status because it satisfied the following three selection criteria: The Fraser Island World Heritage Area Management Committee is responsible for coordinating the work of the Community, Indigenous and Scientific advisory committees.", "Fraser Island is a heritage-listed island located along the southern coast of Queensland, Australia, approximately 200 kilometres (120 mi) north of Brisbane. It is a locality within the Fraser Coast Region. Its length is about 120 kilometres (75 mi) and its width is approximately 24 kilometres (15 mi). It was inscribed as a World Heritage site in 1992. The island is considered to be the largest sand island in the world at 1840 km 2. It is also Queensland's largest island, Australia's sixth largest island and the largest island on the East Coast of Australia." ], "url": [ "http://www.fraserislandbeachcottages.com/worldheritage/", "http://www.fraserisland.net/world-heritage.html", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070804213720AAHMZa7", "http://www.sydney-australia.biz/queensland/nationalparks/fraserisland.php", "http://www.fraserisland.net/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Is_Fraser_Island_a_world_heritage_site", "http://www.nprsr.qld.gov.au/world-heritage-areas/fraser_island.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Island" ] }

[]

[ "Up to 9 months." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A whole chicken can keep up to a year in the freezer. Frozen chicken parts can last up to 9 months. But that will depend on how good the freezer is at maintaining temperature and how well the chicken is packaged for freezing. Make sure the chicken is packed securely and air-tight. Use packaging designed for freezing. Meats are kept better in the freezer. Meats can be kept in the refrigerator for 3 to 4 days if raw and 1 to 2 days longer if cooked. Always place cooked meats in an airt … ight container.", "And with the use of a zip-seal bag and a permanent marker, you can avoid wasting your good food. Before you put meat in the freezer, you should always write the date on it -- that way you don't have to question how long it's been frozen. And, believe it or not, some meats can last in the freezer for up to one year. 1 Cooked poultry -- 4 months. 2 Uncooked poultry parts -- 9 months. 3 Uncooked whole poultry -- 12 months. ", "You can keep chicken for 12 months but that is if freezer is at -18c If your is not that cold then not that long but there will be no problem if only a month or so Enjoy. Bunny · 8 years ago. Report Abuse. ", "It really depends on the freezer and if it's can chicken broth or home made broth. If it's can chicken broth and it's in the can you can keep it for at least 1 year at the most. And if it's homemade then you can keep it up to 5 month's at the most. But it really depends if it's homemade then certain ingredient's may get that old taste. You can keep canned chicken broth in the refrigerator for several days. Do not store it inside the can, pour it into a bowl and cover it. You can also keep chicken broth i … n the freezer. Pour it into ice cube trays and once it is frozen put it into freezer bags, it will for many months this way", "During this time, if chicken defrosted in the refrigerator is not used, it can safely be refrozen without cooking first. Chicken may be defrosted in cold water in its airtight packaging or in a leak proof bag. Submerge the bird or cut-up parts in cold water, changing the water every 30 minutes to be sure it stays cold. A whole (3 to 4-pound) broiler fryer or package of parts should defrost in 2 to 3 hours. ", "Be Wary of Freezer Burn. Chicken, if kept in the freezer too long, may lose flavor and texture due to freezer burn. When food is frozen, it can lose water molecules, causing it to become dehydrated. When water is lost, the food can change in flavor and its texture. This is freezer burn. Bottom Line. Though a frozen whole chicken may be safe to eat, it may not taste or look too fresh if stored in the freezer for too long. The U.S. Food and Drug Amdministration suggests using a frozen whole chicken within one year.", "According to Martha Stewart's Homekeeping Handbook, chicken parts (such as the breasts) can be stored for only 1-2 days in the refrigerator (at a temperature of 40°F/5°C) while they can be stored for 9 months when frozen (0°F/-18°C). Categories 1 : Answered questions. 2 Food Storage. ", "Answer: If you thawed the chicken in the refrigerator, you don't have to cook it right away. Poultry that’s been defrosted in the fridge can be safely kept for an additional one to two days in the refrigerator before cooking, says the U.S. Department of Agriculture. You also can safely refreeze it within that same timeframe." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_is_chicken_good_if_kept_frozen", "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/20/freezing-meat_n_1367941.html", "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080127042502AAzCHYg", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_can_you_keep_frozen_chicken_broth", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080827080638AAt5hdk", "http://www.ehow.com/decision_6859489_long-keep-frozen-whole-chicken_.html", "http://recipes.answers.wikia.com/wiki/How_long_to_keep_frozen_chicken_breasts", "http://stilltasty.com/questions/index/76/page:3" ] }

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[ "$25" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Delta charges $25 USD/CDN for the first checked bag and $35 for a second when you pay at airport ticket counter, kiosk, or curbside. Online payments are discounted $2-$3. A third checked bag is $125. Fees increase to $200, beginning with the fourth checked bag. A carry-on piece less than 23 lbs. is also permitted. Additional bags are subject to a fee between $100-$150 USD. Oversize and overweight bags cost $30-$300, with variations dictated by the size of the bag and the destination city.", "Delta Airlines Oversize/Overweight Baggage Fees 2015 ↑ Back to Top Excess/Oversize/Overweight Summary Additional bags will be charged flat rates depending on your specific route, with rates ranging from $125/bag up to $285/bag. Delta has some of the harshest extra bag fees in the industry, so be sure to carefully read and understand the limits for your flight. Excess/Oversize/Overweight Summary. Additional bags will be charged flat rates depending on your specific route, with rates ranging from $125/bag up to $285/bag. Delta has some of the harshest extra bag fees in the industry, so be sure to carefully read and understand the limits for your flight.", "Excess Evaluation Chart. Delta Air Lines is not liable for checked or unchecked baggage in excess of the limits described above unless you decide to claim excess valuation on your belongings. Here are the details if you decide to declare a higher valuation: 1 The declared value may not exceed $5,000. First Bag Free *. Remember that excess baggage fees may apply if you check more than two bags or if they exceed our size & weight restrictions. Additionally, lower fees may apply depending upon the date you purchased your ticket. For a summary of previous checked bag fees, click here.", "A bag weighing 71 to 100 pounds will cost as much as $300 to check on an international trip, compared with $150. A schedule of Delta s fees, including a before and after comparison, is at www.delta.com. The increased second-bag fee, and the other fees, will apply to passengers who book tickets on or after Thursday for travel after Tuesday. On domestic flights, the fee on Delta for checking a third, fourth or fifth bag, now $80 for each bag, will rise to $125 apiece. “Fewer than 20 percent of our customers check a second bag; I would imagine that it would be even less for a third,” a Delta spokeswoman, Betsy Talton, said", "(50 lbs.) A second checked bag will incur a fee that varies by destination. From the U.S. to France, the second checked bag requires a fee of $80 when paid online, $100 at the airport. Fees are cited in the currency of the country of departure, not the citizenship of the passenger. A carry-on piece less than 23 lbs. is also permitted. Additional bags are subject to a fee between $100-$150 USD. Oversize and overweight bags cost $30-$300, with variations dictated by the size of the bag and the destination city.", "Now compare that to the overweight bag fee you might get charged by an airline: Delta, for example, has overweight bag charges of $75 and American AAL, +6.74% $100 for bags that are 51 to 70 pounds — both higher than what UPS might charge you over a short distance. ", "Delta announces new fee for bags over 50 pounds. ATLANTA (AP) Delta Air Lines is adding a $25 fee for checked baggage that weighs more than 50 pounds, effective immediately. Delta said Monday the fee would apply to bags weighing between 51 and 70 pounds. Previously, there was no fee for checked baggage that weighed in that range. Delta will continue to charge $80 for bags weighing 71 to 100 pounds. The airline does not accept bags as checked luggage that weigh more than 100 pounds.", "Delta currently does not charge passengers for checking a first bag on domestic flights. It has said it is studying a decision by several other major carriers to impose that fee. Delta customers checking bags on international flights can check a first and second bag at no charge. Fees are for each extra bag, each way. The fee for checking a third bag on a domestic flight will increase from $80 to $125, while the fee for checking a bag that is between 51 and 70 pounds (23 and 32 kilograms) on a domestic flight will rise from $80 to $90. Fee changes include an increase from $25 to $50 to check a second bag for domestic travel. Fees for specialty items that require special handling, such as surfboards or ski equipment, will increase on domestic and international flights, Delta said." ], "url": [ "http://budgettravel.about.com/od/budgettraveltoptenlists/ss/majors-bagfees.htm", "http://www.airline-baggage-fees.com/delta-airlines.php", "http://www.delta.com/content/www/en_US/traveling-with-us/baggage/before-your-trip/checked.html", "http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/30/business/30bags.html", "http://budgettravel.about.com/od/budgettraveltoptenlists/ss/majors-bagfees.htm", "http://www.marketwatch.com/story/9-secrets-for-outsmarting-airline-baggage-fees-2014-12-11", "http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/travel/news/2003/2003-02-04-delta-bags.htm", "http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/travel/flights/2008-07-29-delta-fees_N.htm" ] }

[]

[ "1839" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "It was proposed by Charles Darwin in On the Origin of Species in 1859 and, independently, by Alfred Wallace in 1858—although Wallace, unlike Darwin, said the human soul is not the product of evolution.", "We hope Charles Darwin would have approved. We normally think of “evolution” as a very slow process, taking thousands or even millions of years. Evolution is the process by which living creatures change gradually over time. It was suggested by Charles Darwin, who also came up with a brilliant idea about the reason that living beings change in this way.", "Darwin had arrived at a complete theory of evolution by 1839, but it was to be another 20 years before he published his ideas of evolution through natural selection in his epochal book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection.", "Young naturalist. Charles Darwin was only 22 years old in 1831 when he sailed as ship's naturalist on the H.M.S. Beagle on what would turn out to be a five-year voyage circumnavigating the globe. A hunter and specimen collector (he especially liked rocks and minerals—and beetles), Darwin was an all-around outdoorsman.", "That is, the frequencies of different genes will change through time, and so will the characteristics of a species. For more information on Evolution in Biology, read this Wikipedia article. A short biography on Charles Darwin.", "Darwin's day to day life was kept to a very strict routine in order to help alleviate the many symptoms of the illnesses he suffered throughout his life. Learn about the children of Charles & Emma, and see what they accomplished in their lives. The genealogy of Charles Darwin is known as far back as 500 years.", "The tool is a ground-breaking innovation for DNA tracking, which has applications for forensics, genetics research, and personalized medicine. But even more interesting, it starts to blow up the very idea of race—an evolution theory proposed as far back as 1871 by Charles Darwin." ], "url": [ "http://www.iep.utm.edu/evolutio/", "http://www.canetoadsinoz.com/cane_toad_evolution.html", "https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/amnh/human-evolutio/darwin-and-evolution-by-natural-selection/a/charles-darwins-evidence-for-evolution", "https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/amnh/human-evolutio/darwin-and-evolution-by-natural-selection/a/charles-darwins-evidence-for-evolution", "http://www.canetoadsinoz.com/cane_toad_evolution.html", "http://www.aboutdarwin.com/darwin/darwin_01.html", "http://motherboard.vice.com/read/a-genetic-gps-can-track-your-origins-1000-years-back" ] }

[]

[ "Chondroitin" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Certain dietary supplements are commonly used in treating musculoskeletal pain, including hip pain. In her book Prescription for Nutritional Healing, nutrition researcher Phyllis A. Balch notes that both herbal and non-herbal supplements may be used for musculoskeletal injuries and pain.", "It's possible to take a natural approach to back pain by using supplements that can reduce inflammation and provide some pain relief. Supplements work best when used in combination with a healthy diet, regular exercise, and stress management, says Carrie Bowler, DO, a physician with One Medical Group in New York.", "Damage to any structure that helps compose your hip joint may cause hip pain, or hip pain may be caused by referred pain from elsewhere in your body. Many dietary supplements may help treat your hip pain. Before using supplements, however, discuss their safety and efficacy with your physician.", "Once you know what the cause is, you can look into all things that would help, which may include physical therapy, exercise, and diet changes, as well as supplements. Check which supplements are good for which types of pain. Ask your doctor what’s OK for you to try.", "Hip pain is a common musculoskeletal health complaint that may affect people of all ages. Hip pain, states FamilyDoctor.org, may be caused by numerous problems, including bruised hips, a hip fracture, arthritis, bursitis or a slipped capital femoral epiphysis.", "Joint pain is a problem that affects as many as 1 in 5 adults, and can be caused by numerous factors. Arthritis, gout, lupus, injuries, and the simple aging process can all contribute to stiff, achy joints. When you are experiencing pain, you will want to look at the best joint pain supplements for relief. There are a number of supplements on the market today, many of which are created from all natural ingredients and help to address joint pain at the source of the problem.", "Another ingredient found in the best joint pain supplements that acts on cartilage is chondroitin, for example. Chondroitin is part of the best joint paint supplements because it also helps to repair cartilage. It helps form cartilage in the body, and can also ease joint pain and improve flexibility.", "One of the most commonly seen ingredients in the best joint pain supplements is best glucosamine. This is a natural amino acid that is derived from shellfish in supplement form." ], "url": [ "http://www.livestrong.com/article/410031-what-supplement-is-best-for-hip-pain/", "http://www.everydayhealth.com/pictures/best-worst-supplements-help-back-pain/", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/410031-what-supplement-is-best-for-hip-pain/", "http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/prevention-15/vitamins/chronic-pain-relief", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/410031-what-supplement-is-best-for-hip-pain/", "https://www.jointhealthmagazine.com/best-joint-pain-supplements.html", "https://www.jointhealthmagazine.com/best-joint-pain-supplements.html", "https://www.jointhealthmagazine.com/best-joint-pain-supplements.html" ] }

[]

[ "Most wrinkles associated with aging appear on the parts of the body where sun exposure is greatest.These especially include the hairless scalp, face, neck, the backs of the hands, and the tops of the forearms." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Let’s face it, under eye wrinkles are probably the first thing that we see when we start to worry about our age. They appear out of nowhere like little ninjas and steal your youth and smooth skin. In reality, they are a result of our thin skin more so than they are a result of our age. When you look for an anti-wrinkle eye cream, you are actually looking for a formulated cream that you would use to treat wrinkles all around the eye. The chosen products will reduce your fine lines and wrinkles, but may also help with hyperpigmentation and bags. It can be a bit overwhelming to look for the best cream.", "Another Top Cause of Wrinkles: Smoking. Beyond question, smoking is bad for your skin. Smoking accelerates the aging process, wrinkling skin and making you look old beyond your years. Early wrinkling is visible under a microscope in smokers as young as 20. The more years and packs smoked, the more likely wrinkles will occur. Wrinkles are also more likely to be deeper in smokers. Tobacco smoke gives skin an unhealthy color and coarse texture, as well. 1 What you can do: Stop smoking 2 ! Effective tools are available at WebMD and throughout the Internet.", "Rona Berg, in her book, Beauty the New Basics, suggests you take the skin test to tell what skin type you have. To do this, wash your face, pat it dry, then take a few pieces of rice paper or lens-cleaning tissue paper and press on different spots on your face. If your skin is oily, the paper will stick, pick up oily spots and become translucent. If the paper doesn't stick or pick up any oily spots, your skin is likely dry. If it sticks in your t-zone (forehead, nose and chin) then you have combination (or normal) skin. Most women actually have combination skin. Here are the 5 different skin types and their tell-tale characteristics", "Tanning is a sign of skin damage, evidence that the sun's ultraviolet rays have penetrated and damaged the skin's support structure. Most wrinkles are caused by sun exposure throughout life -- and it's never too late to halt the process. 1 What you can do: Wear sunscreen with sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 15. 2 The hands and face are particularly vulnerable to sun damage, due to their frequent exposure. The more years and packs smoked, the more likely wrinkles will occur. Wrinkles are also more likely to be deeper in smokers. Tobacco smoke gives skin an unhealthy color and coarse texture, as well. 1 What you can do: Stop smoking 2 ! Effective tools are available at WebMD and throughout the Internet.", "Wrinkles. Wrinkles mainly happen on the parts of the body that get the most sun exposure, including the face, neck, the backs of the hands, and the tops of the forearms. Wrinkles fall into two categories: fine, surface lines and deeper furrows. ", "The way you sleep may actually cause wrinkles. No matter how soft your pillow, it puts pressure on your face each night. Over years, this can etch lines into your chin, cheeks, or forehead. Your personal pattern of sleep lines depends on how you tend to rest your face on the pillow. 1 What you can do: Sleep on your back. The more years and packs smoked, the more likely wrinkles will occur. Wrinkles are also more likely to be deeper in smokers. Tobacco smoke gives skin an unhealthy color and coarse texture, as well. 1 What you can do: Stop smoking 2 ! Effective tools are available at WebMD and throughout the Internet.", "When your skin is dry, wrinkles become accentuated, he says, since parched skin tends to look flat and dull, which brings out fine lines and creases. Water also flushes out any toxins the body collects, which can have a negative impact on your skin. Photo: Jupiterimages/Thinkstock. 7. 8. Encouraging collagen to form can help reduce the appearance of wrinkles. Share. Tweet. Pin. E-mail. Collagen is a main building block of the skin that keeps it firm and elastic.", "Skin ages all over the body but much more so where there has been sun exposure. Changes brought on by sun damage (photoaging) include dryness (really roughness), sagginess, skin growths like keratoses, lentigos ( liver spots), and wrinkles. Most wrinkles associated with aging appear on the parts of the body where sun exposure is greatest. These especially include the hairless scalp, face, neck, the backs of the hands, and the tops of the forearms. Wrinkles come in two categories: fine surface lines and deep furrows. Many products and procedures promise to reduce wrinkles. Some do little or nothing (like the products that claim they reduce the appearance of fine lines, which means that they don't reduce the lines themselves). Others can achieve a fair amount of success.", "1 of. next. We all know the 4-1-1 on what causes wrinkles: aging, sun damage, and a life full of laughter. (Wear those crow’s feet as a badge of honor!) But if your wrinkles could talk, they could reveal a lot more than whether or not you go in the sun. They can tell you about your overall health and wellbeing, and give you clues to future concerns" ], "url": [ "http://myawesomebeauty.com/remove-under-eye-wrinkles/", "http://www.webmd.com/beauty/wrinkles/aging-skin-do-you-look-older-than-you-should", "http://beauty.about.com/od/skinflaws/a/skintypes.htm", "http://www.webmd.com/beauty/wrinkles/aging-skin-do-you-look-older-than-you-should", "http://www.webmd.com/beauty/wrinkles/wrinkles", "http://www.webmd.com/beauty/wrinkles/aging-skin-do-you-look-older-than-you-should", "http://www.womansday.com/style/beauty/a2527/8-things-you-didnt-know-about-wrinkles-119139/", "http://www.medicinenet.com/wrinkles/article.htm", "http://www.grandparents.com/health-and-wellbeing/anti-aging/how-to-prevent-wrinkles" ] }

[]

[ "$10.97 – $23.07", "$10.97 – $23.07 per hour." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Average medical coder’s salary in the United States is around $45,693 per annum. The annual salary for the upper 10 percent medical coders is around more than $53,430 per year, while the lower 10 percent of them earn less than $21,240 per year. An average starting hourly wage for a medical coder in the United States ranges from between $10.97 – $23.07 per hour which gradually increases from $8.23 – $35.58 overtime.", "Medical coder salary in USA. An average starting hourly wage for a medical coder in the United States ranges from between $10.97 – $23.07 per hour which gradually increases from $8.23 – $35.58 overtime. An average yearly bonus for a medical coder is around $1,016 will be included. The yearly profit sharing ranges from between $350.00 – $4,875 per year. Therefore, the total annual salary for a medical coder ranges from between $23,124 – $50,789 per annum. Based on the BLS percentiles, the median hourly wage and yearly salary for 90th percentile medical coders has been around $27.02 per hour and $56,200 per year. An average starting hourly wage for a medical coder in the United States ranges from between $10.97 – $23.07 per hour which gradually increases from $8.23 – $35.58 overtime", "(United States). The average rate for a Medical Coder is $16.19 per hour. People in this job generally don't have more than 20 years' experience. The skills that increase pay for this job the most are Collections, Medicine / Surgery, and Surgical coding. $26,687 - $52,686. ", "1 The hourly pay for coders and billers is between $16-29 per hour based on location, experience and certification. 2 In case of overtime, pay rates vary between $14 and $35 per hour. 3 Benefits like health insurance and a 401(k) program are part of the job description for full-time employees. This will help you move up to hospital coding with salaries in the range of $44,000 and $57,000 per year. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) predicts stable employment outlook for medical billing and coding specialists at least up to 2022.", "Medical Billing And Coding Salary Range. Medical records professionals can earn $22,693 at the entry level, which translates to $10.91 an hour and $1,891 a month. A higher end salary is $57,325 (and more) per year, or $27.56 (or more) per hour. The difference depends on your experience or education, your geographic location and your industry or employer, etc. The Average (Mean) Yearly Medical Billing and Coding Salary is $37,710, or $18.13 an hour. You could ear $60,150 annually or $28.92 per hour. Oakland CA, Washington DC and New Haven CT make a good showing as well. In any one of these cities you have the potential to earn more than the average national United States salary.", "This very much depends on the consulting services performed. That said, in the technology sector you can encounter a range of $120 to $700 per hour. In some other se … ctors, such as financial services, a team of 5 might cost you as much as $50,000 a week.", "The average salary of a certified medical coder in the US is $43,000 per year, or almost $23 an hour. The keywords here are certification, experience and location because these are the three main factors that determine how much you earn as a medical coder. This will help you move up to hospital coding with salaries in the range of $44,000 and $57,000 per year. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) predicts stable employment outlook for medical billing and coding specialists at least up to 2022.", "By not paying for gas, clothing, or other expenses related to office work, at-home medical coders earn more even with smaller salaries. Salary Ranges. The 2008 AAPC survey showed that the average salary for a medical coder was $43,500 for a certified coder and $36,500 for a non-certified coder. They found that the average starting salary was $14.73 per hour when starting, and went up to $23.37 per hour after fifteen years in the field. ", "Because of the high demand for coders, wages for new medical coders grow year after year. The latest reports from the Bureau of Labor Statistics shows that, on average, a medical coder makes $16.42 an hour for an annual salary of $34,160, with variations based on location. The top ten percent of earners brought home make more than $56,000 each year, while the bottom ten percent made slightly more than $22,000. For a job that does not require a college degree, medical coding is one of the better options available." ], "url": [ "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/administration/medical-coder-salary", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/administration/medical-coder-salary", "http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Medical_Coder/Hourly_Rate", "http://www.medicalcodingworld.com/2013/01/medical-coding-certification-salary-and.html", "http://codingandbillingsalary.com/medical-billing-coding-salary-overview/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_much_does_a_computer_programmer_charge_per_hour", "http://www.medicalcodingworld.com/2013/01/medical-coding-certification-salary-and.html", "http://www.medicalbillingandcodingworld.com/how-much-does-a-medical-coder-make", "http://centuracollege.edu/blog/how-much-does-medical-billing-and-coding-specialist-make/" ] }

[]

[ "Maria Maria." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Maria Maria is a song by Santana featuring The Product G&B. It reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 on April 8, 2000, and stayed there for ten weeks. Maria Maria came in at No. 96 on the list of the Billboard All-Time Hot 100 Top Songs, and No. 2 on the list of Top Billboard Hot 100 Latin Songs of All Time.", "Santana Diabla Lopez is a major character on Glee, and is an alumna of William McKinley High School as of Goodbye. She served as the co-captain of the Cheerios, as a member of the school's Glee Club, the New Directions and was previously a member of the all-girls second Glee Club, The Troubletones. Santana is seen in some pictures that Rachel has on the wall of her bedroom. Brittany’s mother (Whitney) opens up a door of a barn, in Indiana. Artie, Santana, Brittany and Maribel (Santana’s mother) walk in, where Artie questions why they are there.", "Two years later, on their second album, Santana pumped a Latin groove into the mix and took control of the song. For years it was their biggest single -- reaching No. 4 -- until Smooth made it to No. 1 during 1999's comeback (see No. 5 on our list of the Top 10 Santana Songs). Santana's first big hit -- it climbed to the Top 10 around the same time the Woodstock movie broke the band -- was one of two cover songs on their self-titled debut album (see No. 6 on our list of the Top 10 Santana Songs for the other one).", "Whilst Brittany is talking to her parents about the engagement Santana is called Yeasty by Brittany's mother and her step-father asks who she is. She first appears in a performance of Baby It's You alongside Brittany, Mercedes, and Rachel, singing back up for Mercedes. Santana is seen in some pictures that Rachel has on the wall of her bedroom. Brittany’s mother (Whitney) opens up a door of a barn, in Indiana. Artie, Santana, Brittany and Maribel (Santana’s mother) walk in, where Artie questions why they are there.", "Soul Sacrifice. From: 'Santana' (1969). The song that made Santana stars at Woodstock also ignites on record, ending their self-titled debut album with a six-and-a-half-minute explosion of percussion and searing guitar. Santana's first big hit -- it climbed to the Top 10 around the same time the Woodstock movie broke the band -- was one of two cover songs on their self-titled debut album (see No. 6 on our list of the Top 10 Santana Songs for the other one).", ". Maria Maria is a song by Santana featuring The Product G&B. It reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 on April 8, 2000, and stayed there for ten weeks. At the 2000 Grammy Awards, the song won the Grammy for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal. Maria Maria came in at No. 96 on the list of the Billboard All-Time Hot 100 Top Songs, and No. 2 on the list of Top Billboard Hot 100 Latin Songs of All Time.", "Later, it was named the 14th most successful song from 2000 to 2009, on the Billboard Hot 100 Songs of the Decade. Carlos Santana has collaborated with Chef Roberto Santibanez santibañez to open five restaurants Named Maria, maria after the. song Maria Maria came in at No. 96 on the list of the Billboard All-Time Hot 100 Top Songs, and No. 2 on the list of Top Billboard Hot 100 Latin Songs of All Time.", "Santana sings main vocals with the girls' and Kurt's performance of Bad Romance. For the performance, Santana wears her rendition of a giant black bow hat and a black lacy body suit, similar to one worn by Lady Gaga. Santana is seen in some pictures that Rachel has on the wall of her bedroom. Brittany’s mother (Whitney) opens up a door of a barn, in Indiana. Artie, Santana, Brittany and Maribel (Santana’s mother) walk in, where Artie questions why they are there.", "Santana looks on excitedly as Brittany begins singing I Wanna Dance With Somebody (Who Loves Me) . After pulling several other members up to dance, Brittany pulls Santana up as she begins to sing more of the song. Brittany and Santana perform in a sequence with the Cheerios dancing. Santana is seen in some pictures that Rachel has on the wall of her bedroom. Brittany’s mother (Whitney) opens up a door of a barn, in Indiana. Artie, Santana, Brittany and Maribel (Santana’s mother) walk in, where Artie questions why they are there.", "Santana Lopez is a fictional character from the Fox musical comedy-drama series Glee. The character is portrayed by actress Naya Rivera, and has appeared in Glee from its pilot episode, first broadcast on May 19, 2009. Santana was developed by Glee creators Ryan Murphy, Brad Falchuk and Ian Brennan." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Maria", "http://glee.wikia.com/wiki/Santana_Lopez", "http://ultimateclassicrock.com/santana-songs/", "http://glee.wikia.com/wiki/Santana_Lopez", "http://ultimateclassicrock.com/santana-songs/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Maria", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Maria", "http://glee.wikia.com/wiki/Santana_Lopez", "http://glee.wikia.com/wiki/Santana_Lopez", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santana_Lopez" ] }

[]

[ "yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "For use in most small household appliances such as kettles,steam irons, coffee machines as well as shower heads and taps. Superfast action removes limescale deposits in just 10 minutes. 3 sachets available per pack.", "In just ten minutes appliances from coffee machines and steam irons to all types of kettles and even showerheads can be restored to their former glory! OUST All Purpose Descaler removes limescale leaving appliances clean, fresh and working more efficiently. 3 sachets per pack.", "1 Limescale doesn't just look unpleasant-it can shorten the life of appliances too. 2 Oust multi-purpose descaler is formulated to work quickly and easily to restore most small household appliances to their best in just 10 minutes.", "2) If any scale remains, reheat solution until it fizzes (but DO NOT boil). 3) Pour solution away: rinse kettle with cold wate, boil again with clean water and then rinse once more. Coffee Maker. 1) Half fill water reservoir with water and add 3 capfuls of Oust.", "1 Oust multi-purpose descaler is formulated to work quickly and easily to restore most small household appliances to their best in just 10 minutes. 2 This bottle format can be used on kettles, coffee and cappuccino machines and steam irons-it's also ideal for keeping toilet bowls pristine.", "In just ten minutes appliances from coffee machines and steam irons to all types of kettles and even showerheads can be restored to their former glory! Product code: 111241.", "Empty contents of 1 sachet into jug and add hot water. Leave for 10 minutes. To keep appliances good-as-new and running efficiently, descale every 3 months in hard water area and every 6 months in soft water areas.", "That's why Oust All Purpose Descaler is specially formulated to work quickly and easily to restore most small household appliances to their best in just 10 minutes; its super-fast action is ideal for use in kettles, coffee or cappuccino machines, steam irons and shower heads.", "In just ten minutes appliances from coffee machines and steam irons to all types of kettles and even showerheads can be restored to their former glory! Oust All Purpose Descaler removes limescale leaving appliances clean, fresh and working more efficiently.", "That's why Oust All Purpose Descaler is specially formulated to work quickly and easily to restore most small household appliances to their best in just 10 minutes; its super-fast action is ideal for use in kettles, coffee or cappuccino machines, steam irons and shower heads." ], "url": [ "http://www.woodiesdiy.com/Product/oust-all-purpose-descaler-3-sachets/34118/3.11.5", "http://www.spotlesspunch.co.uk/products/oust-all-purpose-descaler/", "http://www.partmaster.co.uk/all-purpose-liquid-descaler-kettle-coffee-maker-iron/product.pl?pid=1905169", "http://www.partmaster.co.uk/all-purpose-liquid-descaler-kettle-coffee-maker-iron/product.pl?pid=1905169", "http://www.partmaster.co.uk/all-purpose-liquid-descaler-kettle-coffee-maker-iron/product.pl?pid=1905169", "http://www.robertdyas.co.uk/oust-all-purpose-descaler", "http://www.tesco.com/groceries/Product/Details/?id=250479407", "http://www.sybron.co.uk/oust-all-purpose-descaler-sachets", "http://www.robertdyas.co.uk/oust-all-purpose-descaler", "http://www.tesco.com/groceries/Product/Details/?id=250479407" ] }

[]

[ "Guinea Fowl eggs can be stored for up to 7 days, but, when storing guinea fowl eggs to incubate, make sure that they are kept at a constant temperature of 64.5-68 degrees Fahrenheit." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The Eggs. 1 Before incubation guinea fowl eggs can be stored for up to 7 days. 2 When storing guinea fowl eggs before incubating, make sure that they are kept at a constant temperature of 18-20 degrees Celsius or 64.5-68 degrees Fahrenheit. 3 Make sure the stored guinea fowl eggs are turned daily before they are incubated. The Incubator. 1 Before incubating the guinea fowl eggs make sure that the incubator is thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. 2 Place the incubator in a room with a constant temperature. 3 The incubator should be placed on a flat surface. 4 Make sure that the incubator is placed away from drafts.", "Hatching. 1 When the guinea fowl eggs start to pip allow 24 hours for the hatch to complete. 2 Most guinea fowl eggs will hatch within the incubation period, but sometimes weaker guinea fowl chicks (keets) may hatch a day or two later. 3 Only remove the keets when they are dry. The Incubator. 1 Before incubating the guinea fowl eggs make sure that the incubator is thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. 2 Place the incubator in a room with a constant temperature. 3 The incubator should be placed on a flat surface. 4 Make sure that the incubator is placed away from drafts.", "Mark the eggs on one side with an X and on the other with an O so you can visually keep track of the eggs turning. Place the eggs in the incubator with their large ends elevated slightly. You must turn the eggs four to six times per day for the first 25 days of hatching. The humidity should read 58 to 60 percent on your hygrometer or 84 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit on a wet-bulb thermometer. Collect the guinea fowl eggs. You can collect eggs up to seven days before placng them in the incubator. Keep them at room temperature during this time at about 70 to 75 degrees. Use a dry, soft cloth to wipe away any dirt or droppings. Don't use water or cleaning fluid of any kind, as you'll wipe away the egg's protective coat", "Set the guineafowl eggs in the incubator and incubate for 28 days. Turn the eggs repeatedly while incubating, up until three days right before the eggs are set to hatch (e.g. day 23-24). Turn the eggs by hand, or use an automatic egg turner in your incubator. If incubating and hatching guinea eggs and turning by hand, turn the eggs three or five times a day. Raising keets: Feed baby guineas chick starter as well as cracked grain. Feed them by hand to get them used to eating out of your hand and make them tame.", "The correct humidity for hatching Guinea Fowl eggs is 65% until day 25 and then rising it to 80% until day 28. You can raise humidity by adding water in the water troughs at the bottom of the incubator. You need to be sure that the water troughs are filled with water at all times. Keep ventilation holes open. Guinea Eggs. Guinea Fowl eggs can be stored for up to 7 days, but, when storing guinea fowl eggs to incubate, make sure that they are kept at a constant temperature of 64.5-68 degrees Fahrenheit.We store our eggs on an automatic egg turner in our basement until we are ready to put them in the incubator.", "1 An automatic egg turner is placed in the incubator and will turn the eggs every 4 hours. 2 The final day of guinea fowl rotation is day 25 when the eggs no longer need to be turned. 3 When egg turning stops, the automatic egg timer can be removed. The Incubator. 1 Before incubating the guinea fowl eggs make sure that the incubator is thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. 2 Place the incubator in a room with a constant temperature. 3 The incubator should be placed on a flat surface. 4 Make sure that the incubator is placed away from drafts.", "Guinea Fowl Hatching Tips. Place eggs in incubator with the small end facing down. The incubation period for a guinea fowl egg to hatch is 28 days. The length of the incubation period can vary between 26 and 30 days, if the temperature or humidity is off a bit in the incubator. Guinea Eggs. Guinea Fowl eggs can be stored for up to 7 days, but, when storing guinea fowl eggs to incubate, make sure that they are kept at a constant temperature of 64.5-68 degrees Fahrenheit.We store our eggs on an automatic egg turner in our basement until we are ready to put them in the incubator.", "1 Even though guinea fowl and chickens have similar hatching requirements, do not incubate eggs of each species together. 2 Chickens hatch in 21 days; guinea fowl take 28 days. 3 The humidity and ventilation changes needed for your chickens to hatch can cause mortality for the unhatched guinea fowl eggs. The humidity should read 58 to 60 percent on your hygrometer or 84 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit on a wet-bulb thermometer. Collect the guinea fowl eggs. You can collect eggs up to seven days before placng them in the incubator. Keep them at room temperature during this time at about 70 to 75 degrees. Use a dry, soft cloth to wipe away any dirt or droppings. Don't use water or cleaning fluid of any kind, as you'll wipe away the egg's protective coating" ], "url": [ "http://farmingfriends.com/incubating-guinea-fowl-eggs/", "http://farmingfriends.com/incubating-guinea-fowl-eggs/", "http://www.ehow.com/how_2061035_hatch-guinea-fowl-incubator.html", "http://raising-guineas.com/hatchbroodguinea.html", "http://chickenjunkie.com/poultry/guinea-fowl/how-to-incubate-guinea-fowl-eggs/", "http://farmingfriends.com/incubating-guinea-fowl-eggs/", "http://chickenjunkie.com/poultry/guinea-fowl/how-to-incubate-guinea-fowl-eggs/", "http://www.ehow.com/how_2061035_hatch-guinea-fowl-incubator.html" ] }

[]

[ "Tyzzer's disease." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Contaminated food or water can transmit bacteria and parasites to your body. Parasites such as Giardia lamblia and cryptosporidium can cause diarrhea. Common bacterial causes of diarrhea include campylobacter, salmonella, shigella and Escherichia coli. Diarrhea caused by bacteria and parasites can be common when traveling in developing countries and is often called traveler's diarrhea. 1 Medications. 2 Many medications can cause diarrhea. 3 The most common are antibiotics. But if the liquids from the foods you eat aren't absorbed, the result is a watery bowel movement. A number of diseases and conditions can cause diarrhea. Common causes of diarrhea include: 1 Viruses. 2 Viruses that can cause diarrhea include Norwalk virus, cytomegalovirus and viral hepatitis. 3 Rotavirus is a common cause of acute childhood diarrhea", "other causes are viral or bacterial infections or hereditary defects. Old age diseases Many diseases can effect hamsters over the age of one year. Liver and kidney disease are not uncommon in ageing hamsters. Chronic kidney (renal) failure is common. Skin diseases There are many types of skin disease and infections that can affect a hamster. The most likely cause of a skin problem in a hamster is usually a parasitic infestation from hamster mites. Food allergies or food sensitivities may also cause skin complications and eventual loss of fur.", "The signs of illness when a hamster has an Escherichia coli infection are similar to other illnesses that cause diarrhea in hamsters. You veterinarian can identify this illness with a special laboratory test. Treatment and prevention are similar to that of proliferative enteritis (see Hamsters: Diarrhea). Pinworms, a type of internal parasite, are a rare cause of disease of the digestive tract in hamsters. Diagnosis and treatment are as described for gerbils (see Gerbils: Pinworms). Tapeworms are relatively common in hamsters compared to mice and rats.", "This disease, caused by infection with the bacteria Francisella tularensis, is rare in hamsters. It can cause blood poisoning, with a high rate of severe illness and death. Hamsters catch this illness from infected ticks or mites. Pinworms, a type of internal parasite, are a rare cause of disease of the digestive tract in hamsters. Diagnosis and treatment are as described for gerbils (see Gerbils: Pinworms). Tapeworms are relatively common in hamsters compared to mice and rats.", "The most common cause of acute diarrhea is infection--viral, bacterial, and parasitic. Bacteria also can cause acute food poisoning. A third important cause of acute diarrhea is starting a new medication. ", "Other. Generally milder disease. Generally more severe disease. Severe fluid loss can still occur, especially in malnourished patients. Viral infections are the most common cause of acute diarrhea. 9 Bacterial infections are more often associated with travel, comorbidities, and foodborne illness.", "Tyzzer's disease, a digestive illness caused by the bacteria Clostridium piliforme, can have many of the same signs as proliferative enteritis, above. These include loss of appetite, dehydration, watery diarrhea, and sudden death. Hamsters catch this illness by eating feces that contain the bacteria. This illness is more common in hamsters that are young or stressed. Your veterinarian can diagnose this illness by examination or by doing laboratory tests. Pinworms, a type of internal parasite, are a rare cause of disease of the digestive tract in hamsters. Diagnosis and treatment are as described for gerbils (see Gerbils: Pinworms). Tapeworms are relatively common in hamsters compared to mice and rats." ], "url": [ "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diarrhea/basics/causes/CON-20014025", "http://www.hammysworld.com/index.php?p=diseases", "http://www.merckvetmanual.com/pethealth/exotic_pets/hamsters/disorders_and_diseases_of_hamsters.html", "http://www.merckvetmanual.com/pethealth/exotic_pets/hamsters/disorders_and_diseases_of_hamsters.html", "http://www.medicinenet.com/diarrhea/page3.htm", "http://www.aafp.org/afp/2014/0201/p180.html", "http://www.merckvetmanual.com/pethealth/exotic_pets/hamsters/disorders_and_diseases_of_hamsters.html" ] }

[]

[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "You'll need to roll over the entire amount held in the SEP IRA, depositing it into the Roth IRA account. You can have the rollover distribution mailed to you in check form if you want, but it's easier to use an electronic funds transfer to move the money from the SEP to the Roth account.", "When you roll the money from a 401k plan to an SEP IRA, you can consolidate your retirement money into one account to make it easier to monitor. In addition, your SEP IRA may offer you investment options that are not available in your 401k plan.", "For example, if you perform a rollover from the 401k plan to the SEP IRA, you could not perform another rollover from the 401k plan to any other retirement account for 12 months. In addition, you could not roll over the money from the SEP IRA that you rolled the money into", "Function. To roll money from a 401k plan to a SEP IRA, request a distribution from your 401k plan. You can only request a distribution if you've left your job or are at least 59 1/2 years old. Once you get the money, you have to deposit it in your SEP IRA within 60 days.", "Almost any type of plan distribution can be rolled into an IRA. This includes rolling a distribution from a former employer's SEP/IRA into another IRA. However, it is important to note that Roth IRAs can only be rolled over into another Roth IRA.", "Even you can convert it into the ROTH IRA too. For more details speak with your plan administrator. Answer Rollovers Y … ou may rollover your SEP-IRA into a: * Traditional IRA, * Safe harbor 401(k), * 403(b) plan, * Governmental 457 plan or * Plan qualified under Code section 401(a).", "The IRS allows you to roll over money from your SEP IRA into a range of retirement accounts, including traditional IRAs, Roth IRAs, 401(k)s, 403(b)s and even other SEP IRAs.", "To complete a rollover, you take a distribution from your SEP IRA and within 60 days deposit the money into an eligible retirement account. You're not allowed to roll the money into a SIMPLE IRA or a Roth 401(k) or Roth 403(b).", "To roll money from a 401k plan to a SEP IRA, request a distribution from your 401k plan. You can only request a distribution if you've left your job or are at least 59 1/2 years old. Once you get the money, you have to deposit it in your SEP IRA within 60 days." ], "url": [ "http://budgeting.thenest.com/convert-sep-ira-roth-ira-3800.html", "http://www.ehow.com/info_7965905_can-roll-401k-sep-ira.html", "http://www.ehow.com/info_7965905_can-roll-401k-sep-ira.html", "http://www.ehow.com/info_7965905_can-roll-401k-sep-ira.html", "http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/personalfinance/2014/04/14/tax-qa-sep-ira-rollover/7708369/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Can_you_roll_over_a_traditional_IRA_into_a_SEP_IRA", "http://www.ehow.com/info_8010824_can-sep-ira-individual-401k.html", "http://www.ehow.com/info_8010824_can-sep-ira-individual-401k.html", "http://www.ehow.com/info_7965905_can-roll-401k-sep-ira.html" ] }

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[ "1 headache. 2 redness, pain, swelling, itching, warmth and bruising at the injection site." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The shingles vaccine has been studied thoroughly in clinical trials. In these studies, the side effects that occur in a group of people who received the vaccine are documented and are then compared to side effects that occur in another group of people who received a placebo injection (with no active ingredients). As with any medicine, side effects are possible with the shingles vaccine (Zostavax ®); however, not everyone who gets the vaccination will experience side effects. In fact, most people tolerate it quite well.", "CDC recommends that people 60 years old and older get shingles vaccine to prevent shingles and PHN. Shingles vaccine has been used since 2006. Zostavax® is the only shingles vaccine currently approved for use in the United States. This vaccine reduces the risk of developing shingles by 51% and PHN by 67%. People 60 years of age or older should get shingles vaccine. They should get the vaccine whether or not they recall having had chickenpox, which is caused by the same virus as shingles. Studies show that more than 99% of Americans aged 40 and older have had chickenpox, even if they don't remember getting the disease", "The shingles vaccine contains ingredients that can cause an allergic reaction in some people. Avoid the shot if you’ve ever had a reaction to gelatin, the antibiotic neomycin, or other ingredients in the vaccine. Older adults are most likely to develop shingles, which is why the shingles vaccine (Zostavax) is recommended for people age 60 and older. According to the CDC, the vaccine can reduce your risk of getting shingles by more than half.", "Like all vaccines, the shingles vaccine can cause side effects, but they're generally mild and don't last long. Common side effects of the shingles vaccine, which occur in at least 1 in 10 people, are: 1 headache. 2 redness, pain, swelling, itching, warmth and bruising at the injection site. There is a very small chance of a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to the shingles vaccine, as there is with other vaccines. Anaphylaxis is very serious and potentially life-threatening, but it can be treated.", "The shingles vaccine is a live vaccine given as a single injection, usually in the upper arm. The most common side effects of the shingles vaccine are redness, pain, tenderness, swelling and itching at the injection site, and headaches. Some people report a chickenpox-like rash after getting the shingles vaccine. The shingles vaccine (Zostavax) is recommended for adults age 60 and older, whether they've already had shingles or not.", "Zostavax (Zoster Vaccine Live) is a live vaccine used to prevent herpes zoster virus (shingles) in people age 60 and older. Zostavax will not treat shingles or nerve pain caused by shingles (post-herpetic neuralgia). Common side effects of Zostavax include injection site reactions (redness, itching, swelling, warmth, bruising, and pain), headache, diarrhea, joint or muscle pain, or skin rash. Zostavax is administered by a doctor as a single 0.65-mL dose subcutaneously (under the skin) in the deltoid region of the upper arm.", "Allergic reaction to shingles vaccination. There is a very small chance of a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to the shingles vaccine, as there is with other vaccines. Anaphylaxis is very serious and potentially life-threatening, but it can be treated.", "Some people should not get shingles vaccine: 1 A person who has ever had a life-threatening or severe allergic reaction to gelatin, the antibiotic neomycin, or any other component of shingles vaccine. 2 Tell your doctor if you have any severe allergies. People 60 years of age or older should get shingles vaccine. They should get the vaccine whether or not they recall having had chickenpox, which is caused by the same virus as shingles. Studies show that more than 99% of Americans aged 40 and older have had chickenpox, even if they don't remember getting the disease", "The decision on when to get vaccinated should be made with your healthcare provider. Shingles vaccine is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for people aged 50 years and older. However, CDC does not have a recommendation for routine use of shingles vaccine in people 50 through 59 years old. People 60 years of age or older should get shingles vaccine. They should get the vaccine whether or not they recall having had chickenpox, which is caused by the same virus as shingles. Studies show that more than 99% of Americans aged 40 and older have had chickenpox, even if they don't remember getting the disease" ], "url": [ "http://senior-health.emedtv.com/shingles-vaccine/shingles-vaccine-side-effects.html", "http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/shingles/vacc-need-know.htm", "http://www.healthline.com/health-slideshow/shingles-vaccine-side-effects", "http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/vaccinations/Pages/shingles-vaccine-side-effects.aspx", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/shingles/expert-answers/shingles-vaccine/FAQ-20057859", "http://www.rxlist.com/zostavax-side-effects-drug-center.htm", "http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/vaccinations/Pages/shingles-vaccine-side-effects.aspx", "http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/shingles/vacc-need-know.htm", "http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/shingles/vacc-need-know.htm" ] }

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[ "$620-$780/square metre in Australia." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "None the less it is an important measurement so here is a rough estimate of cost per square metre different types of houses may cost you. Project Homes (basic) – $620-$780/square metre. Project Home (deluxe) – $1,000 – $3,000/square metre. Custom Built Homes – $1,500 – $3,000/square metre. The cheapest you can build a house for in Australia is somewhere around $155,000. Front to back slope – $6,000/metre slope Side by side slope – $9,000/metre slope. 4 bedroom homes range from $130,000 (160sqm) to $190,000 (300sqm) when looking at the most basic range of properties.", "The cost “per square meter” estimate, which currently ranges from PhP 23,000 to PhP 35,000, is a rough and aggressive ballpark figure based on prevailing cost of construction in the Philippines. We use it in initial client presentations only for reference purposes, but we do not actually charge based on it. ", "You can get a free online cost per square meter calculator for your website and you don't even have to download the cost per square meter calculator-you can just copy and paste! The cost per square meter calculator exactly as you see it above is 100% free for you to use. If you want to customize the colors, size, and more to better fit your site, then pricing starts at just $29.99 for a one time purchase. ", "A That is a hard question to answer. How long is a piece of string? As a rule of thumb, for construction costs in South Australia, you will need to allow between $1000 and $1500 per square metre for a brick-veneer and cement roof tile custom-designed home. Project home builders are generally cheaper. This would be on a flat, easy access site.", "A lot of builders and home owners talk about the cost to build a house in terms of dollars per square metre. The way this is calculated is by taking the total cost of the build and dividing it by the total floorspace of the home (not the land). The cheapest you can build a house for in Australia is somewhere around $155,000. Front to back slope – $6,000/metre slope Side by side slope – $9,000/metre slope. 4 bedroom homes range from $130,000 (160sqm) to $190,000 (300sqm) when looking at the most basic range of properties.", "BUILDING A BUILDING B. Example of how building Cost per square meter can vary. Area on plan = 400m Length of walling = 80m Assume 3m high walling @ Currency 200.00/m. Then cost/m = 80 x 3 x 200 400 = Currency 120.00/m-cost per square meter. Area on plan = 400m Length of walling = 208m Assume 3m high walling @ Currency 200.00/m. Then cost/m = 208 x 3 x 200 400 = Currency 312.00/m-cost per square meter. The length of building B thus resulted in an additional expense of Currency 76,800.00 over that of Building A influencing cost per square meter. Reasons for the increase in costs are: 1 Building B has a higher perimeter/floor area ratio (to be discussed in more detail later) and requires 6% more external walling to enclose the same floor area than A. 2 Setting out costs will be increased by as much as 50%. 3 Excavations will cost between 6% and 20% more.", "NOTE: if your house is 100 sq mt ground floor plus 50 sq mt next floor; the TOTAL floor area is 150 sq mt. Just multiply 150 with Php 25,000. NOTE: Php 25,000 per square meter floor area is for a very nice, good quality, middle class home in the Philippines, complete; you get the keys. (cost is not including lot). NOTE: The cost per sq mt is just a statistical figure derived over the last years.", "Report Abuse. The way to estimate construction cost is by multiplying the cost/square meter (cost to build) with the floor area. In the Philippines, it will cost P25,000 per square meter to build a house using A-1 materials, with A-1 finish. P25,000 will mean a concrete house with granite kitchen tops, ceramic floors or narra wood parquet, and American Standard toilets and lavatories, including painting, lightting fixtures, etc. It is hard to give an exact cost because of so many variables. To get an idea of how somebody else did it Google paradisefound.50webs.com. Also check out the question How much to build a low cost concrete house in the Philippines per square meter. You will see my answer there plus others.", "How much is the Cost to Build a House in the Philippines-Construction, Build Cebu, Manila, Cavite, Pampanga, Batangas, Bulacan, Laguna, Tagaytay, 4.6 out of 5 based on 381 ratings. …without info about your lot and home design requirements; Insulated Poured Concrete +/- P30,000 per sq.m. Just multiply 150 with Php 25,000. NOTE: Php 25,000 per square meter floor area is for a very nice, good quality, middle class home in the Philippines, complete; you get the keys. (cost is not including lot). NOTE: The cost per sq mt is just a statistical figure derived over the last years." ], "url": [ "http://onproperty.com.au/build-a-house/", "http://www.buildersphilippines.com/how-much-does-a-house-construction-cost-in-the-philippines.html", "http://www.calculatorpro.com/calculator/cost-per-square-meter-calculator/", "http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/the-cost-of-building-per-square-metre/story-e6frefeu-1111118778821", "http://onproperty.com.au/build-a-house/", "http://moladi.com/cost%20per%20square%20metre.htm", "http://sibonga.com/construction-blog/how-much-is-the-cost-of-building-a-house-in-the-philippines-construction-build-cebu-manila-cavite-pampanga-batangas-bulacan-laguna-tagaytay-2/", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20120214094215AAJejiA", "http://sibonga.com/construction-blog/how-much-is-the-cost-of-building-a-house-in-the-philippines-construction-build-cebu-manila-cavite-pampanga-batangas-bulacan-laguna-tagaytay-2/" ] }

[]

[ "Devoted to God" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A variation of Isabel, itself a variation of Elizabeth, meaning devoted to God in Hebrew. England, France, Portugal, and Hungary all had royal Isabellas in their courts. Nicknames: Bella, Izzy, Izzie. Well-known Isabellas: actress Isabella Rossellini. ", "Isabelle /is-abel-le/ [3 sylls.] as a girls' name. Isabelle's name origin is Hebrew, and the meaning of the name Isabelle is God is my oath. Isabelle is an alternate spelling of Elizabeth (Hebrew). Isabelle is also a derivative of Isabel (Hebrew). Below is a graphed comparison of the popularity of Isabelle and related names. Isabella (#4 last year) , Elizabeth (#14) , Isabel (#144) , Izabella (#200) , Isabela (#717) , Izabelle, Isabell, Belle and Isobel are the popular variation forms of Isabelle (#96 last year) ranked in the Top 1000.", "Hebrew Meaning: The name Isabella is a Hebrew baby name. In Hebrew the meaning of the name Isabella is: Devoted to God. American Meaning: The name Isabella is an American baby name. In American the meaning of the name Isabella is: Devoted to God. Italian Meaning: The name Isabella is an Italian baby name. In Italian the meaning of the name Isabella is: consecrated to God. Shakespearean Meaning: The name Isabella is a Shakespearean baby name.", "Meaning of Isabelle. English name. In English, the name Isabelle means-Variant of Elizabeth. My God is bountiful;God of plenty.. Other origins for the name Isabelle include-English, French, Spanish, Portuguese.The name Isabelle is most often used as a girl name or female name. English Name Meaning-Variant of Elizabeth. My God is bountiful;God of plenty. Origin-English.", "Isabel /is-abel/ [3 sylls.] as a girls' name is pronounced iz-a-bel. It is of Hebrew origin, and the meaning of Isabel is God is my oath. Spanish variant of Elizabeth. Literary: Henry James named the heroine of his Portrait of a Lady Isabel Archer. Isabella is the name of several Spanish queens. ", "Hebrew Meaning: The name Isabelle is a Hebrew baby name. In Hebrew the meaning of the name Isabelle is: Devoted to God. American Meaning: The name Isabelle is an American baby name. In American the meaning of the name Isabelle is: Devoted to God. Spanish Meaning: The name Isabelle is a Spanish baby name. In Spanish the meaning of the name Isabelle is: Devoted to God. A Spanish. English Meaning: The name Isabelle is an English baby name. In English the meaning of the name Isabelle is: My God is bountiful;God of plenty", "Isabelle is a form of the name Elizabeth. The name Elizabeth is derived from Elisabet (ελισαβε&tau), the Greek form of the Hebrew name Elisheva (אֱלִישֶׁבַע). The Hebrew name Elisheva, appears in the Old Testament where Elisheva is the wife of Aaron. ", "Isabelle is a very prominent first name for females (#611 out of 4276, Top 14%) and also a very prominent last name for both adults and children (#23300 out of 150436, Top 15%). (2000 U.S. Census). Shown below is the baby name popularity of Isabelle for girls. Below is a graphed comparison of the popularity of Isabelle and related names. Isabella (#4 last year) , Elizabeth (#14) , Isabel (#144) , Izabella (#200) , Isabela (#717) , Izabelle, Isabell, Belle and Isobel are the popular variation forms of Isabelle (#96 last year) ranked in the Top 1000." ], "url": [ "http://www.babycenter.com/baby-names-isabella-4891.htm", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/0/Isabelle", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/isabella", "http://www.meaning-of-names.com/english-names/isabelle.asp", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/0/Isabel", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/isabelle", "http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Isabelle.html", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/0/Isabelle" ] }

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[ "Because an important side business of the onna (women's) kabuki troupes was prostitution, and men assumed the female roles.The art of female impersonation (onnagata) was developed into a theatrical role requiring years of training." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Report Abuse. They were convinced women were 'lesser' beings than men, and they considered theatre an art. Thus, women weren't allowed to play. Just like they weren't supposed to have a personality, or any influence either. It was a man's world, and the only thing women were good for was get and raise children. Why were women not allowed to perform on the public stage in Elizabethan times? I'm learning about Shakespeare and I can't find any reason for women not being allowed on the stage.", "No women take part in traditional kabuki. Women were banned at an early stage of kabuki's development because an important side business of the onna (women's) kabuki troupes was prostitution, and men assumed the female roles. The art of female impersonation (onnagata) was developed into a theatrical role requiring years of training. Unlike noh drama, which is solemn and ritualized, kabuki is designed to entertain an audience with dramatic, often spectacular, effects. A kabuki play opens to the rapid clapping of wooden clappers as the traditional stage curtain, in black, green, and persimmon vertical stripes, is drawn open.", "Kabuki (̕) is a traditional Japanese form of theater with roots tracing back to the Edo Period. It is recognized as one of Japan's three major classical theaters along with noh and bunraku, and has been named as a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage. If you come across people from the audience shouting out names at the actors on stage, do not mistake this for an act of disrespect: all kabuki actors have a yago (hereditary stage name), which is closely associated to the theater troupe which he is from.", "Report Abuse. Acting was considered an immodest occupation, and not fit for women. Actors were not highly regarded in the Elizabethan period, which is why theatres in London for instance had to be built in southwark, south of the Thames, outside of the city. if a women preformed on stage she was considerd a whore.um their is a movie called stage beauty with clair danes in it..which she goes on to be the first female to play a female and not be seen as a whore.", "In 1954, East Side Theater was made, and Kabuki stage relied on TV. In 1965, Kabuki was seen as an important cultural heritage. After World War II, the Japanese came to see that Kabuki as an important part of their culture. Kabuki was started by a woman, Izumo no Okuni, who performed in the dry river bed in Kyoto in 1603. It was very popular, especially because many of the stories and dance moves were about sex. Many of the women performers were probably prostitutes.", "The one person who was aware that women were allowed on the stage in Spain claimed that actors were all disreputable, which is simply not true; the most successful actors were very well connected, being included even in court functions. That questioner wrote, I remember reading that there was a law in Spain that said they could. But I don't know if that only covered Spain.. The answer is that it depends upon the country, but in England, women were not allowed on the stage until 1660. Of course, you wouldn't know that from reading the Yahoo! answer.. In fact, the best that anyone did was to know as much as the questioner did", "Kabuki (歌舞伎) is a classical Japanese dance-drama. Kabuki theatre is known for the stylization of its drama and for the elaborate make-up worn by some of its performers. The individual kanji, from left to right, mean sing (歌), dance (舞), and skill (伎). Kabuki is therefore sometimes translated as the art of singing and dancing. Since the word kabuki is believed to derive from the verb kabuku, meaning to lean or to be out of the ordinary, kabuki can be interpreted as avant-garde or bizarre theatre. The expression kabukimono (歌舞伎者) referred originally to those who were bizarrely dressed and swaggered on a street.", "No. Women were only allowed on stage after 1660, following the downfall of Cromwell's puritanical government. The first recorded female actor in England was Margaret Hughes, who played Desdemona in Thomas Killigrew's production of Othello. ", "Charles reign did however see the first appearance of professional female players on the stage in England-but they were not English. Charles's Queen, Henrietta Maria, was a Frenchwoman and it was her influence that brought a French company, complete with actresses, to perform in London at the Blackfriars Theatre. Not only were women to continue to be banned from the stage, now theatrical performance in its entirety was to be banned, and all of the theatres were closed down. Paradoxically, this ban on theatre in all its forms would lead to the door finally being opened for English women to appear on the stage." ], "url": [ "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090824124934AAzAtJ0", "http://web-japan.org/museum/kabuki/about_ka.html", "http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2090.html", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080328164428AAmgnOr", "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabuki", "http://franklycurious.com/LMNucleus/?itemid=4534", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabuki", "http://www.shakespeare-online.com/faq/womenonstage.html", "http://stagebeauty.net/th-women.html" ] }

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[ "To try to stop the real threat of subversion, sabotage, and malicious interference with the war effort, including the controversial reinstatement of the draft." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The Sedition Act made the language of the Espionage Act more specific by making it illegal to use disloyal, profane, or abusive language to criticize the U.S. Constitution, the government, the military, the flag, or the uniform. While the Espionage Act dealt with many uncontroversial issues such as punishing acts of spying and sabotage and protecting shipping, the act, as amended by the Sedition Act, was extremely controversial for many immigrants who were opposed to war, the military draft, and violations of their free speech rights.", "Advertisement. The Espionage Act had a legitimate purpose: to try to stop the real threat of subversion, sabotage, and malicious interference with the war effort, including the controversial reinstatement of the draft. It's context that's worth recalling as Democrats and Republicans alike clamor to use the law against Assange. ", "One of the most controversial laws ever passed in the United States, the Espionage Act of 1917 (ch. 30, tit. I § 3, 40 Stat. 217, 219), and an amendment to it passed in 1918 sometimes referred to as the Sedition Act, were an attempt to deal with the climate created in the country by World War I. ", "In June 1917, Congress passed the Espionage Act. The piece of legislation gave postal officials the authority to ban newspapers and magazines from the mails and threatened individuals convicted of obstructing the draft with $10,000 fines and 20 years in jail. Congress passed the Sedition Act of 1918, which made it a federal offense to use disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language about the Constitution, the government, the American uniform, or the flag.", "Primary Documents-U.S. Espionage Act, 15 June 1917. Reproduced below is a portion of the text of the Espionage Act passed by the U.S. Congress on 15 June, some two months following America's declaration of war with Germany. The Act was amended in May 1918. Click here for details of the amendment", "The Espionage Act of 1917 made it a crime to interfere with the war effort or with military recruitment or to attempt to aid a nation at war with the U.S. Wartime violence on the part of local groups of citizens, sometimes mobs or vigilantes, persuaded some lawmakers that the law was inadequate. 553, enacted May 16, 1918) was an Act of the United States Congress that extended the Espionage Act of 1917 to cover a broader range of offenses, notably speech and the expression of opinion that cast the government or the war effort in a negative light or interfered with the sale of government bonds.", "Espionage Act. The Espionage Act was passed by Congress in 1917 after the United States entered the First World War. It prescribed a $10,000 fine and 20 years' imprisonment for interfering with the recruiting of troops or the disclosure of information dealing with national defence. ", "The Espionage Act of 1917 is a United States federal law passed on June 15, 1917, shortly after the U.S. entry into World War I. It has been amended numerous times over the years. It was originally found in Title 50 of the U.S. Code (War) but is now found under Title 18, Crime. Specifically, it is 18 U.S.C. ch. ", "The Espionage Act, passed in June 1917, provided penalties of 20 years imprisonment and fines up to $10,000 for those convicted of interfering with military recruitment. The law also authorized the Postmaster General to remove treasonable or seditious material from the mail. ", "Annotation: America declarated war with Germany in April 1917. Two months later, the U.S. Congress passed the Espionage Act, which defined espionage during wartime. The Act was amended in May 1918. In his war message to Congress, President Wilson had warned that the war would require a redefinition of national loyalty. Congress passed the Sedition Act of 1918, which made it a federal offense to use disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language about the Constitution, the government, the American uniform, or the flag." ], "url": [ "http://www.immigrationtounitedstates.org/482-espionage-and-sedition-acts-of-1917-1918.html", "http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/history_lesson/2010/12/the_hidden_history_of_the_espionage_act.html", "http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Espionage+Act+of+1917", "http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=3904", "http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/espionageact.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedition_Act_of_1918", "http://spartacus-educational.com/FWWespionage.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espionage_Act_of_1917", "http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1344.html", "http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=3904" ] }

[]

[ "Chinese" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Seal Script is a style of Chinese calligraphy that developed during the Zhōu dynasty (c. 1046-256 BC) and the Warring State Period of the Qin Dynasty (c. 481/475-403 BC). The Qin version became the standard formal of the Qin dynasty, and continued to be used during the Han Dynasty for decorative purposes and name seals. ", "Chinese Calligraphy is a form of calligraphy widely practiced in China and revered in the Chinese cultural sphere, which often includes Japan, Taiwan, Korea and Vietnam. ", "The following is a comparison of Chinese characters in the Standard Form of National Characters, a common traditional Chinese standard used in Taiwan, the Table of General Standard Chinese Characters, the standard for Mainland Chinese simplified Chinese characters, and the jōyō kanji, the standard for Japanese kanji. In Standard Chinese they are called Hanzi (simplified Chinese: 汉字; traditional Chinese: 漢字). They have been adapted to write a number of other languages including: Japanese, where they are known as kanji, Korean, where they are known as hanja, and Vietnamese in a system known as chữ Nom. nôm", "In Chinese calligraphy, Chinese characters can be written according to five major styles. These styles are intrinsically linked to the history of Chinese script. The seal script (often called small seal script) is the formal script of the Qin qín system of, writing which evolved during The Eastern zhōu dynasty in the state Of qin qín and was imposed as the standard In areas qin. qín gradually conquered", "Chinese Scripts and Symbols. There have been various stories about the origin of the Chinese script, with nearly all ancient writers attributing it to a man named Cangjie. Cangjie, according to one legend, saw a divine being whose face had unusual features that looked like a picture of writings. A major event in the history of Chinese script is the standardization of writing by the First Emperor of Qin who unified China in 221 BC. Before that time, each of the many states in China had their own style and peculiarities which meant that, although mutually comprehensible, the scripts had many deviations.", "The Chinese writing system is an unique phenomenon in the modern world of alphabet scripts. Instead of a few dozen letters, it has developed thousands of complex signs or characters that represent morphemes and words. Japanese: At first the Japanese wrote fully in Chinese, but over time the Chinese script was adopted to represent Japanese words, syntax, and grammar. The result is a set of three scripts serving as a single writing system.", "Chinese (汉语 / 漢語; Hanyǔ hànyǔ or; 中文) zhōngwen zhōngwén is a group of related but in many cases mutually unintelligible, language varieties forming a branch Of-The sino tibetan. Language family chinese is spoken By the han majority and many other ethnic Groups. in china It is one of the six official languages of the United Nations. The written form of the standard language (中文; Zhōngwen), zhōngwén based on the logograms known As chinese (characters/汉字; 漢字), hanzi hànzi is shared by literate speakers of otherwise. unintelligible dialects", "Chinese characters are logograms used in the writing of Chinese and some other Asian languages. In Standard Chinese they are called Hanzi (simplified Chinese: 汉字; traditional Chinese: 漢字). They have been adapted to write a number of other languages including: Japanese, where they are known as kanji, Korean, where they are known as hanja, and Vietnamese in a system known as chữ Nom. nôm", "Standard Chinese (Putonghua/Guoyu/Huayu) is a standardized form of spoken Chinese based on the Beijing dialect of Mandarin. It is the official language of China and Taiwan, as well as one of four official languages of Singapore. It is one of the six official languages of the United Nations. The written form of the standard language (中文; Zhōngwen), zhōngwén based on the logograms known As chinese (characters/汉字; 漢字), hanzi hànzi is shared by literate speakers of otherwise. unintelligible dialects", "Chinese. Chinese is spoken by about 1.3 billion people mainly in the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China (a.k.a. Taiwan), Singapore and other parts of Southeast Asia. There are also communities of Chinese speakers in many other parts of the world. As there is little mutual intelligiblity between the different varieties of Chinese and as a result, some non-Chinese linguists refer to them as separate languages. A distinction is made in Chinese between spoken and written language." ], "url": [ "http://www.omniglot.com/chinese/written.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_calligraphy", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_script", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_script_styles", "http://www.crystalinks.com/chinascript.html", "http://www.ancientscripts.com/chinese.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_script", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language", "http://www.omniglot.com/chinese/" ] }

[]

[ "$6.10 to $7.60 per linear foot." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 The Wall-for a cast in place (concrete) retaining wall with a vertical face, installed on no more than a 33 degree slope with a level embankment, at 6' high (including excavation and backfill) the cost will be $12,800. 1 Costs will vary widely. 2 The Wall-for a cast in place (concrete) retaining wall with a vertical face, installed on no more than a 33 degree slope with a level embankment, at 6' high (including excavation and backfill) the cost will be $12,800.", "A natural stone wall will cost around $8 to $12 per square foot based on the type of stone chosen. A concrete block wall costs $6.10 to $7.60 per linear foot. Homeowners will also need to pay for any other materials needed, including steel bars, sand to keep the stones from rubbing against each other and mortar. Cost of Materials. The cost of adding a new wall to a home depends on the material used. Brick walls are often an affordable option, and a hollow brick wall costs around $25.40 per square foot.", "Poured Concrete Wall Costs. Concrete prices vary widely by region of the country and time of year. Ready-mixed concrete will cost between $65 and $90 per cubic yard (3’x3’x3’) . To put this into perspective, a wall 9’x27’x12” thick would take 9 cubic feet of concrete. Building a concrete wall also requires reinforcing metal bar, or re-bar to help solidify the wall. Labor costs will vary depending on the company you hire. Some companies have reusable concrete forms to build walls and this keeps their costs down. These companies typically charge about $3 to $5 per square foot of wall (disregard thickness of the wall).", "Retaining Wall Cost. Poured retaining walls with elaborate curves require complex formwork and will drive up cost for a wall. The total cost to have a concrete retaining wall installed will be a combination of material and labor prices. For a basic wall you can expect to pay between $30 and $40 per square foot. If you add a decorative finish, curves, steps, lighting or other upgrades, the cost will rise. For Ralston, $39 per square foot is the average cost he charges for a wall under 4 feet tall. For walls below 4 feet, he says his prices are often competitive with finished block. A block wall has to be stuccoed or finished with veneer, while a concrete wall does not need an added finish.", "Our free calculator uses recent, trusted data to estimate costs for your Concrete Block Wall Cap Installation project. For a basic 25 feet project in zip code 47474, the benchmark cost to Install a Concrete Block Wall Cap ranges between $13.26 - $16.36 per linear foot. To estimate costs for your project: 1. Set Project Zip Code Enter the Zip Code for the location where labor is hired and materials purchased", "Making the world better, one answer at a time. We just got three estimates for a concrete block retaining wall using 8 x 8 x 18 blocks. One was $24 per square one was $27 per square foot and the last one was $51 per square foot not including the labor to dig the footing. Tomorrow we will go and check some of the walls they have built to make our decision. ", "But, you're not going to build that wall for ~$20 per linear foot, and even a fairly small lot needs a lot of fence or block... If your lot is 100 feet by 50 feet, that might be three-hundred feet of something... ", "Our free calculator uses recent, trusted data to estimate costs for your Concrete Block Wall Installation project. For a basic 120 square feet project in zip code 47474, the benchmark cost to Install a Concrete Block Wall ranges between $8.59 - $11.70 per square foot* . To estimate costs for your project: 1. Set Project Zip Code Enter the Zip Code for the location where labor is hired and materials purchased" ], "url": [ "http://www.fixr.com/costs/retaining-wall-building", "http://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/walls-and-ceilings/install-a-brick-stone-or-block-wall/", "http://costowl.com/home-improvement/foundations-framing-concrete-wall-cost.html", "http://www.concretenetwork.com/concrete/poured_concrete_retaining_walls/cost.html", "http://www.homewyse.com/services/cost_to_install_concrete_block_wall_cap.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_average_installation_price_of_a_concrete_block_retaining_wall_per_square_foot", "http://www.city-data.com/forum/phoenix-area/1559425-estimated-cost-concrete-block-wall-3.html", "http://www.homewyse.com/services/cost_to_install_concrete_block_wall.html" ] }

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[ "$4,625 per month." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Just as the cost of real estate varies by geographic area, assisted living costs also vary nationwide. In the 2015 Cost of Care Survey conducted by Genworth Financial, assisted living showed an increase of 2.86% compared to the 2014 costs and the national median monthly rate is $3,600.", "In Washington there are 461 Assisted Living Facilities. We can help you find the best matches for your needs. The average cost of Assisted Living in Washington is $4,625 per month.", "The average cost of Assisted Living in Washington is $4,625. Assisted Living costs range from $1,845 to $9,750 depending on location and other factors.", "Assisted Living Costs by State. The Genworth 2015 Cost of Care Survey is the most comprehensive study of its kind. Genworth Financial surveyed approximatey 15% of assisted living communities. The monthly cost is for a one-bedroom unit in an assisted living facility.", "The 2400 assisted living facilities in Washington are regulated by the Aging and Disability Services. The average annual cost of a private assisted living bedroom in Washington is 38,410 dollars. This makes it the 11th most expensive state for assisted living care in the country.", "Assisted Living Costs in Olympia, WA. Cost for a single bedroom in Olympia runs between $2,550 to $3,795 a month. Availability is almost guaranteed but you can request information online by filling out the form to the right or call us at (866) 333-8391 for a no-cost, in-depth assessment of your senior care needs.", "According to the 2015 Genworth Financial cost of care survey, the average cost of assisted living in Washington is $4,625 per month. The monthly base rate for Washington assisted living is typically higher when compared to neighboring states. Washington is also more expensive compared to the national average." ], "url": [ "http://www.seniorhomes.com/p/assisted-living-cost/", "http://www.seniorhomes.com/s/washington/assisted-living/", "http://www.seniorhomes.com/s/washington/assisted-living/", "http://www.assistedlivingfacilities.org/resources/assisted-living-costs/", "http://www.assistedlivingtalk.com/state/WA/", "http://www.assistedliving.com/washington/olympia/", "http://www.assistedlivingfacilities.org/directory/wa/" ] }

[]

[ "Muscle spindles" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The stretch reflex is caused by a stretch in the muscle spindle. When the stretch impulse is received a rapid sequence of events follows. The motor neuron is activated and the stretched muscles, and its supporting muscles, are contracted while its antagonist muscles are inhibited. The stretch reflex is very important in posture. It helps maintain proper posturing because a slight lean to either side causes a stretch in the spinal, hip and leg muscles to the other side, which is quickly countered by the stretch reflex. This is a constant process of adjusting and maintaining.", "Examination of myotatic (deep tendon) reflexes. The muscle stretch (myotatic) reflex is a simple reflex, with the receptor neuron having direct connections to the muscle spindle apparatus in the muscle and with the alpha motor neurons in the central nervous system that send axons back to that muscle (Figure 8-1). ", "Thus, when a muscle spindle is stretched and the stretch reflex is activated, the opposing muscle group must be inhibited to prevent it from working against the resulting contraction of the homonymous muscle (Figure 2.2). This inhibition is accomplished by an inhibitory interneuron in the spinal cord. ", "The Stretch Reflex : (See Figure 13.15). The stretch reflex in its simplest form involves only 2 neurons, and is therefore sometimes called a 2-neuron reflex. The two neurons are a sensory and a motor neuron. The sensory neuron is stimulated by stretch (extension) of a muscle. Stretch of a muscle normally happens when its antagonist contracts, or artificially when its tendon is stretched, as in the knee jerk reflex. Muscles contain receptors called muscle spindles. (See Figure 13.13) These receptors respond to the muscles's stretch", "The stretch reflex (myotatic reflex) is a muscle contraction in response to stretching within the muscle. It is a monosynaptic reflex which provides automatic regulation of skeletal muscle length. When a muscle lengthens, the muscle spindle is stretched and its nerve activity increases. A sudden stretch, such as tapping the Achilles' tendon, causes a reflex contraction in the muscle as the spindles sense the stretch and send an action potential to the motor neurons which then cause the muscle to contract; this particular reflex causes a contraction in the soleus-gastrocnemius group of muscles.", "Answered by The Community. Making the world better, one answer at a time. The receptor in the reflex arc of a stretch reflex are 'muscle spindles' which are spindle shaped receptors distributed throughout the belly of the muscle. For example the knee jerk reflex is a monosynaptic reflex: 1. The patellar tendon is stretched. 2. The afferent neuron (which has stretch sensors) send a signal up to the spinal cord. 3. In the spinal cord at the synapse. The electrical signal is changed to a chemical signal", "Also called stretch receptors. y. y The purpose of muscle spindles stretch reflex is to help maintain muscle tone and to protect your body from injury caused by overstretching. .How the Message Travels From the Receptor to the Effector. Stretch Reflex. Response Reflexes STATIC RESPONSE-primary and secondary endings-slowly stretched DYNAMIC RESPONSE-primary endings-rapid change in spindle length.", "A stretch reflex, also referred to as a deep tendon reflex or myotatic stretch reflex, is a physical response to the extension of a muscle. In essence, it is a process that causes a contraction, thereby stopping a stretch. The stretch reflex prevents people from overextending their muscles. Protective response is what prevents muscles from being stretched too far. Before a workout, take time to gently and slowly stretch the muscles in order to help prevent any muscle damage.", "The stretch reflex; which is also often called the myotatic reflex, knee-jerk reflex, or deep tendon reflex, is a pre-programmed response by the body to a stretch stimulus in the muscle. The stretch reflex is very important in posture. It helps maintain proper posturing because a slight lean to either side causes a stretch in the spinal, hip and leg muscles to the other side, which is quickly countered by the stretch reflex. This is a constant process of adjusting and maintaining." ], "url": [ "http://stretchcoach.com/articles/myotatic-stretch-reflex/", "http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dons/part_1/chapter_8.html", "http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s3/chapter02.html", "http://www.unm.edu/~jimmy/reflexes_notes.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stretch_reflex", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_receptor_in_the_reflex_arc_of_a_stretch_reflex", "https://www.scribd.com/doc/47012106/Stretch-Reflex", "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-a-stretch-reflex.htm", "http://stretchcoach.com/articles/myotatic-stretch-reflex/" ] }

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[ "Some other time" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "(June 2013). This is a list of English language words of Hindi language origin. Many of the Hindi and Urdu equivalents have originated from Sanskrit; see List of English words of Sanskrit origin. Many others are of Persian origin; see List of English words of Persian origin. Some of the latter are in turn of Arabic or Turkish origin. In some cases words have entered the English language by multiple routes-occasionally ending up with different meanings, spellings, or pronunciations, just as with words with European etymologies. Many entered English during the British Raj when many treated Hindi and Urdu as varieties of Hindustani.", "Namaskār has the same meaning, but is used less often in Hindi, though it is common in other Indian languages such as Gujarati and Bengali. Namaskār is thought of as more formal, and as such is used more often when addressing a group or a person of importance. Hindi is descended from Sanskrit, sometimes called the mother of all languages, or Latin of the East.. Hindi developed from the proto-Hindi खड़ी बोली Khaṛī Bolī (lit. Pure language).", "In the Hindi language, some words are commonly used in a number of different ways, or used in ways that don’t reflect their literal meaning. This often makes word for word translation from English to Hindi, or Hindi to English, difficult. Here are five popular Hindi words that you’ll often hear, but may be confused as to what they actually mean or the context they’re used in. Dallas Stribley/Getty Images. This multi-purpose word literally means good.", "Jianfeng, there are many Arabic-Persian loan words that we used in everyday Hindi. A l-widaa3 الوداع / अलविदा is not one of them but you know what a kursii كرسی / कुरसी / कुर्सी is? Used often. The word is, as explained by BP, indeed of Arabic origin but is used in Persian, Urdu and Colloquial Hindi. A Hindi speaker will not use this word in a conversation with another Hindi speaker. The usage in Indian Cinema is because of a large number of Script writers/Screen play writers/Dialouge writers are/were Urdu speakers. So the language used in Indian Cinema (Bollywood) is, for most parts, Hindustani, and not Hindi.", "Hindi phrasebook. Hindi हिन्दी is an Indo-European language spoken in India, Pakistan, Nepal, and throughout the Indian diaspora in Fiji, Singapore, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Trinidad, Suriname, Guyana, South Africa, UK, USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Mauritius, Germany, etc.. Hindi is descended from Sanskrit, sometimes called the mother of all languages, or Latin of the East.. Hindi developed from the proto-Hindi खड़ी बोली Khaṛī Bolī (lit. Pure language).", "Rita:--Dannyawad.magar aaj nahi.phir kabhi aaungi Sita:--Come to my house,I stay close by. Rita:--Thanks.But not today,I will come some other time. Sita:-Shamko mere ghar aana Rita:- Aaj nahi. Sita:-Phir kabhi? Sita:-Come to my house in the evening. ", "Find answer of what is meaning of LEKIN PHIR BHI() in English dictionary? Search for translation and definition of LEKIN PHIR BHI in English language along with synonyms and antonyms.LEKIN PHIR BHI() ka matalab Angrezi me janiye. LEKIN PHIR BHI का अंग्रेजी में मतलब.Know the meaning of any word using myhindienglish.com find the meaning of Hindi word LEKIN PHIR BHI in english as well as in hindi.Know the other meaning of LEKIN PHIR BHI and how to use that word in your life.", "Full Definition of HINDI. 1. : a literary and official language of northern India. 2. : a complex of Indo-Aryan languages and dialects of northern India for which Hindi is the usual literary language. — Hindi adjective." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Hindi_or_Urdu_origin", "http://wikitravel.org/en/Hindi_phrasebook", "http://goindia.about.com/od/learningthelanguag1/tp/common-misunderstood-hindi.htm", "http://forum.wordreference.com/threads/hindi-alvida.1682328/", "http://wikitravel.org/en/Hindi_phrasebook", "https://in.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090129020642AAVxqXE", "http://www.myhindienglish.com/words/meaning-of-lekin+phir+bhi-in-hindienglish.html", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Hindi" ] }

[]

[ "$1,800-$3,000" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Slab granite countertops--solid pieces of granite custom cut to the width and shape of a countertop -- cost $60-$100 per square foot depending on the color and rarity of the granite, the style of edging. 2 Expect to pay $1,800-$3,000 for a typical kitchen, installed.", "1 For Do-It-Yourselfers, granite tile countertops cost $4-$19 per square foot, or $120-$570 for a typical kitchen with 30 square feet of counter space.", "Our free calculator uses recent, trusted data to estimate costs for your Granite Countertop Installation project. For a basic 120 square feet project in zip code 47474, the benchmark cost to Install Granite Countertops ranges between $58.97 - $86.41 per square foot* . To estimate costs for your project: 1. Set Project Zip Code Enter the Zip Code for the location where labor is hired and materials purchased.", "As we’ve noted in other posts, granite countertop prices for the material and installation range from about $30 per square foot up to $155. That’s a broad spectrum! Here are the factors that affect the price you’ll pay for granite counters.", "Soapstone Countertops. The cost to install a 100-square-foot soapstone countertops averages between $7,000 and $12,000. Soapstone’s coloring is usually dark green to green-black, though you can sometimes find it in lighter, almost gray tones as well.", "1 Stone countertops, including granite, other natural stone and quartz resin (engineered stone) cost $4-$150 per square foot, or $120-$4,500 for a typical 30 square foot kitchen countertop. 2 Stone tiles cost $4-$20 per square foot; slab stone countertops cost $50-$150 per square foot.", "1 Some manufacturers require a minimum purchase. 2 Slab granite countertops--solid pieces of granite custom cut to the width and shape of a countertop -- cost $60-$100 per square foot depending on the color and rarity of the granite, the style of edging. 3 Expect to pay $1,800-$3,000 for a typical kitchen, installed.", "The average cost to install granite countertops is between $3,100 and $4,500, depending on surface size and materials. Generally, granite is cut into long slabs, negating the need for seams and grout. Then it’s polished and sealed to protect against extreme heat, scratches and stains." ], "url": [ "http://home.costhelper.com/granite-countertops.html", "http://home.costhelper.com/granite-countertops.html", "http://www.homewyse.com/services/cost_to_install_granite_countertops.html", "https://www.countertopguides.com/guides/granite-countertops-cost.html", "http://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/cabinets-and-countertops/install-countertops/", "http://home.costhelper.com/kitchen-countertops.html", "http://home.costhelper.com/granite-countertops.html", "http://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/cabinets-and-countertops/install-countertops/" ] }

[]

[ "$10 to $25" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 On average, a whole chicken that is not organic will cost $0.75 to $1.50 per pound. 2 An organic whole chicken, on the other hand, can cost upwards of $2.50 to $5 per pound. 3 The average chicken is going to cost $10 to $25 as a whole. 1 Again, it is going to depend on the weight. 2 According to users on Mothering.com, they paid anywhere from $3.50 to $5 per pound for a free-range chicken. 3 For example, on this SouthernSavers.com post, the author stated that the prices on whole chickens ranged from $2.49 to $4.69", "The approximate costs to raise 3 hens would be: 1 Chickens: $3 - $30 per chicken depending on age, breed etc. 2 Coop: Free (recycled materials) to $2,000 & up (new & fancy). 3 Feed approximately $15.00 per month. 4 Miscellaneous $10.00 per month. If you decide to raise your own chicks you can expect to pay $3.00 and $5.00 per chick (day-old) for popular breeds and for rare breeds you can expect to pay up to $50.00 or more per chick. Older chicks and mature chickens' prices vary greatly between breeds, age of the chickens etc.", "Five farms processed chickens on farm. An average of 2.4 family members processed birds on these farms with 2 to 7 employees also working on processing. The average cost to process a chicken on farm was $1.17. Off-farm processing costs ranged from $1 to $4 per bird. If the unusually high $4 charge is excluded, the average cost to process a bird off farm was $1.41. ", "Wood shavings cost around $6.00 (.276 cubic meter loose and .092 cubic meters compressed). Straw will cost you between $3.00 and $12.00 per bale, depending on availability, quality and size of order. Sawdust pellets will cost around $4.00 per 40 lbs bag. How much a chicken will eat is near impossible to say. Certain breeds, Leghorns for example, are not big eaters. If you decide to raise your own chicks you can expect to pay $3.00 and $5.00 per chick (day-old) for popular breeds and for rare breeds you can expect to pay up to $50.00 or more per chick. Older chicks and mature chickens' prices vary greatly between breeds, age of the chickens etc.", "Each adult chicken will eat approximately 1/4 pound of feed per day. A bag of purchased layer feed is 50 pounds and costs me approximately $35 (you may be able to get it cheaper where you live). That is about 17.5 cents a day per chicken. The average multi-purpose hen will lay approximately 260 eggs per year at peak performance. It works out to $63.88 spent per chicken per year with a return of approximately 21.66 dozen eggs if you purchase all their food from a store. How much does it really cost to feed chickens in return for eggs, is it really worth it or should I just buy them from the store or a neighbors. My first thought is that it's a no brainer. I know eggs from free range hens are much healthier than anything store bought and I love having chickens around.", "Grower and all flock feed for older chickens will cost around $17.00 per 50 lbs bag and layer pellets between $15.00 and $30.00 per 50 lbs bag, depending again on brand and whether you buy organic/regular. Scratch grains cost around $10.00 per 50 lbs bag, between depending on availability and quality. If you decide to raise your own chicks you can expect to pay $3.00 and $5.00 per chick (day-old) for popular breeds and for rare breeds you can expect to pay up to $50.00 or more per chick. Older chicks and mature chickens' prices vary greatly between breeds, age of the chickens etc.", "I was wondering how much money do chickens cost per year. For food hay and vet checks. My family doesn't know how much money it will take for this stuff. Also, include the cost of a chicken coop, waterer and a fence because we are planing to have free range chickens during the day. Answer: I am going to answer your question from the most economical way of starting out with chickens. First, lets get the vet issue out of the way. Feed: The amount of feed your chickens will eat will depend on the breed(s) you choose. Also, I noticed you said you would be free ranging during the day. I to free range my birds, I have 12 birds(several different breeds) and they go through a 50 pound bag of feed every 4 to 5 weeks.", "1 An organic whole chicken, on the other hand, can cost upwards of $2.50 to $5 per pound. 2 The average chicken is going to cost $10 to $25 as a whole. 3 Again, it is going to depend on the weight. 1 Again, it is going to depend on the weight. 2 According to users on Mothering.com, they paid anywhere from $3.50 to $5 per pound for a free-range chicken. 3 For example, on this SouthernSavers.com post, the author stated that the prices on whole chickens ranged from $2.49 to $4.69", "What Chickens Cost. Since the beginning of this adventure, I've tracked feed and building costs, along with sales to friends and associates, but not actual egg production. Here's what it looks like to date (from 15 chicks in May of 2011 to 17 producing hens - 13 of which are 20 months old and 4 are about 7 months... " ], "url": [ "http://www.howmuchisit.org/whole-chicken-cost/", "http://www.backyardchickens.com/a/how-much-does-it-cost-to-raise-backyard-chickens", "http://www.cias.wisc.edu/large-scale-pastured-poultry-farming-in-the-us/", "http://www.backyardchickens.com/a/how-much-does-it-cost-to-raise-backyard-chickens", "http://offthegridat-30.blogspot.com/2012/02/frugal-tuesday-cost-per-chicken-for.html", "http://www.backyardchickens.com/a/how-much-does-it-cost-to-raise-backyard-chickens", "http://www.raising-chickens.org/chickens-cost-per-year-.html", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/whole-chicken-cost/", "http://www.motherearthnews.com/homesteading-and-livestock/chicken-economics.aspx" ] }

[]

[ "$1,500" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Cost of Labor. As a general rule, most people expect that the labor for a remodel will cost roughly twice as much as the materials did. This is not a hard and fast rule, but the numbers generally support the claim. On average, a bathroom remodeling job will cost you around twice as much as the materials cost you. For a small bathroom of roughly 100 square feet, labor costs could run an average of $12,000 or $13,000 on the high end. This would include the labor to completely redo tile, completely install new fixtures, complete any necessary wiring and plumbing, and have everything inspected afterward. When you are remodeling a small bathroom, you need to make sure that your costs are always in the forefront of your mind. Using this guide, you will be able to develop a reasonably accurate estimate of how much a small bathroom remodel costs.", "All remodeling costs are up-to-date charges for completing certain task while remodeling a house. Each article clearly defines what charges are for and before you read it do not make any assumptions. Estimated fees in the charts are for basic installation. In any case “average remodeling cost” is a very low value term. Our prices are for basic installation with definition of typical extra charges. Remodeling project cannot be estimated before analyzing all details.", "Different parts of south carolina will have renovation contractors that charge different amounts. THe average cost for a kitchen remodel is $20,000 but that is nationwide-it will be closer to $14k in south carolina, bathrooms about $ 6000. The average total gut home renovation cost per square foot range for a 100 year old existing home can vary depending on the area of the country and the type of renovation.", "The average bathroom will require a 10 cubic yard container which is about 12 feet by 8 feet and costs on average $400 (maximum weight of 3,000 lbs). To have a professional demolish and remove the waste, it will cost an average of $1,500. Marble mosaics cost between $10 to $30 per square foot and sometimes more. Installation costs will vary from $3 to $15 per sq. ft. depending on the type of tile and the detail in the tile pattern. Your Vanity will house your sink, faucet and stored items. It will determine the style of your bathroom.", "By default, bathroom remodeling cost calculator estimates minimum, average and maximum labor cost to complete, basic 5’ x 9’ full size bathroom remodeling with standard shower/bathtub combination, single vanity and simple installation of 90 square feet (35 Sq. Ft. on the floor and 55 Sq. Ft. on walls) ceramic tile. Ft. For that reason calculator estimates labor cost to remodel bathrooms which are bigger than 18 ft 2 and smaller than 300 ft 2. Bathroom dimensions (width and length) in feet should be entered as real numbers means 3 inches = 0.25 feet; 6” = 0.5’; 9” = 0.75’ and so on.", "The materials for the average small bathroom remodel will cost between $8,000 and $10,000. This includes new fixtures like a new toilet, new sink, and a new bathtub. It also includes the cost of new tiling, new cupboards, and a countertop for the sink. When you are remodeling a small bathroom, you need to make sure that your costs are always in the forefront of your mind. Using this guide, you will be able to develop a reasonably accurate estimate of how much a small bathroom remodel costs.", "2015 Bathroom remodeling cost calculators-bathroom renovation labor fees estimator. Labor charges and associated with remodeling fees for bathroom renovation projects. Before using calculator read about remodeling costs and estimating labor expenses. Ft. For that reason calculator estimates labor cost to remodel bathrooms which are bigger than 18 ft 2 and smaller than 300 ft 2. Bathroom dimensions (width and length) in feet should be entered as real numbers means 3 inches = 0.25 feet; 6” = 0.5’; 9” = 0.75’ and so on.", "Average cost for materials and labour should be around $1,500. Tile: When working in a small space, you can certainly save money on tile by finding it in the clearance area for as little as $1 per sq. ft. with an average of $5 per sq. ft. for most good looking porcelain. Marble mosaics cost between $10 to $30 per square foot and sometimes more. Installation costs will vary from $3 to $15 per sq. ft. depending on the type of tile and the detail in the tile pattern. Your Vanity will house your sink, faucet and stored items. It will determine the style of your bathroom. Custom vanities, whether painted or wood, will cost you at least $2,000 without installatio", "Every remodeling project is unique, and costs vary depending on the homeowner's budget, tastes, and priorities (a minor redo can be $5,000, while an upscale overhaul can easily top $75,000). In general, however, materials account for 80 percent of the budget, while labor costs represent 20 percent. " ], "url": [ "http://www.bathroomremodel.com/small-bathroom-remodeling/cost/", "http://www.rempros.com/installation-prices/remodeling_costs.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_do_you_estimate_labor_costs_on_a_home_renovation", "http://canadianhometrends.com/bathroom-renovation-budget-breakdown/", "http://www.rempros.com/installation-prices/bathroom_remodeling_cost.html", "http://www.bathroomremodel.com/small-bathroom-remodeling/cost/", "http://www.rempros.com/installation-prices/bathroom_remodeling_cost.html", "http://canadianhometrends.com/bathroom-renovation-budget-breakdown/", "http://www.bhg.com/kitchen/remodeling/planning/cost-of-kitchen-remodeling/" ] }

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[ "There are several signs that can tell you are grown up: 1 You think the music teenagers and college students are listening to is awful. Not nearly as awesome as the music that came out when you were a teen or a college student. 2 You like wine.3 You prefer well-cooked meals over fast food (at least sometimes)." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "But, you know you're a grownup when you think seriously about what things will be like 5 or 10 years from now, and take action to influence your future life. This manifests itself in a few different ways: 1 You look for a relationship partner who's as much compatible as he or she is exciting. 1 And when you hit bumps in the road, you actually try to work through it, rather than argue at the top of your lungs and end the relationship with drama. 2 You invest in a retirement fund. 3 You're officially a grown-up when you own stocks.", "Your doctor tracks your height at every checkup. They plot your height and age on a chart, and they know what's typical for healthy boys and girls. Healthy children tend to follow a curve on the chart that is largely set by their genes, Grimberg says. You can also do a little math, but you'll need to know how tall your parents are. The formula below will predict your final height, plus or minus two inches, says Mitchell E. Geffner, MD, a pediatrics professor at the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. ", "How to tell if you are all grown up: You own a 'best' crockery set, know how to bleed a radiator and can cook a meal from scratch. 184. View. comments. If you wash up straight after a meal, know how to bleed a radiator and your mother has started asking for your advice, then you can truly claim to have grown up. Other key signs of adulthood are more obvious, such as having a mortgage, being married. . . and wearing sensible shoes.", "If you're feeling stuck in a perpetual childhood, learning to shake yourself out of your routine can help get you on the fast-track to adulthood. Being a grown up is more than an age and more than an attitude. The more you learn about yourself and learn to identify your own tendencies, the closer to grown up you'll be. Learn to prepare for the future, get your kicks in your late teens, and approach adulthood with grace and dignity. As you grow older, a marker of maturity is your willingness to take on new responsibilities and stand up for your work. Be ambitious. 1 Volunteer for leadership roles at your job, if an opportunity presents itself. 2 Don't worry about whether or not you'll be the perfect choice for a particular position.", "1 You invest in a retirement fund. 2 You're officially a grown-up when you own stocks. 3 Even if you don't know how many you have, how much they're worth, or even what stocks are exactly, you're still putting on your big boy pants and putting your money into something that will hopefully blossom in the distant future. 1 And when you hit bumps in the road, you actually try to work through it, rather than argue at the top of your lungs and end the relationship with drama. 2 You invest in a retirement fund. 3 You're officially a grown-up when you own stocks.", "1 Find a life role model. 2 As you grow older, it's easy to lose touch with old friends and to not make new friends. 3 It's easy to wake up one day and realize the people you see every day are coworkers. 4 Keep friends that do very different things than you, with whom you share mutual interests or hobbies. As you grow older, a marker of maturity is your willingness to take on new responsibilities and stand up for your work. Be ambitious. 1 Volunteer for leadership roles at your job, if an opportunity presents itself. 2 Don't worry about whether or not you'll be the perfect choice for a particular position.", "Some signs that you are growing up: 1 You think the music teenagers and college students are listening to is awful...Not nearly as awesome as the music that came out when you were a teen or a college student. 2 You like wine. 3 You prefer well-cooked meals over fast food (at least sometimes). 1 And when you hit bumps in the road, you actually try to work through it, rather than argue at the top of your lungs and end the relationship with drama. 2 You invest in a retirement fund. 3 You're officially a grown-up when you own stocks.", "1 Growing up is not about defying your parents. 2 They can still help you on your path to independence. 3 You are the star witness to your own worth. 4 If you believe that you are worthwhile, people will take that into account. As you grow older, a marker of maturity is your willingness to take on new responsibilities and stand up for your work. Be ambitious. 1 Volunteer for leadership roles at your job, if an opportunity presents itself. 2 Don't worry about whether or not you'll be the perfect choice for a particular position." ], "url": [ "http://www.wikihow.com/Know-when-You-Are-Grown-Up", "http://teens.webmd.com/how-tall-will-i-be", "http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2156475/How-tell-grown-up.html", "http://www.wikihow.com/Grow-Up", "http://www.wikihow.com/Know-when-You-Are-Grown-Up", "http://www.wikihow.com/Grow-Up", "http://www.wikihow.com/Know-when-You-Are-Grown-Up", "http://www.wikihow.com/Grow-Up" ] }

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[ "6 hours" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Cooking time will be 35 minutes per lb. (0.45kg) of meat. 2 A pork roast with the bone in will cook faster than a boneless roast. 3 It will result in a crispier surface texture with less moisture. 4 This is an ideal method if you want to make gravy. 1 This is an ideal method if you want to make gravy. 2 Cook the pork roast in a slow cooker, for the most tender roast. 3 Place the brown roast in the slow cooker for approximately 6 hours on low.", "Roast. Roasting, very similar to baking, is a method of cooking pork in the oven in a shallow, uncovered pan, and without adding liquid to the pan. Any cut of pork can be roasted, and should be roasted at 350° F unless otherwise noted. This chart will help you decide how long you need to roast the cut of pork you have", "Preheat the oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit. Put the marinade and pork roast in the roasting pan, and discard the plastic bag. Roast until the temperature in the center of the roast is 155 degrees, testing with an instant-read thermometer. Start checking the temperature half an hour after you put the roast in the oven. Place the roast on a cutting board and cover with foil. Carryover cooking will raise the internal temperature to about 160 degrees Fahrenheit. Let the roast rest for 10 minutes while you strain the pan juices and bring them to a boil. Serve the pan juices on the side.", "1 Cook the pork roast in the oven on 325 degrees Fahrenheit (163 degrees Celsius). 2 Cooking time will be 35 minutes per lb. (0.45kg) of meat. 3 A pork roast with the bone in will cook faster than a boneless roast. 4 It will result in a crispier surface texture with less moisture. 1 This is an ideal method if you want to make gravy. 2 Cook the pork roast in a slow cooker, for the most tender roast. 3 Place the brown roast in the slow cooker for approximately 6 hours on low.", "Remove the roast from the oven and set on a cutting board. Cover the meat with tin foil and let it rest for about 15 minutes before slicing it. The temperature of the roast will continue to rise about another 5 degrees. Cooking to this temp, then allowing the roast to rest for 15 minutes after removing from the oven, will take the roast to approximately 150 degrees, at which point you can serve it and it will be the juiciest, most tender pork you can get. Don’t mind it if it’s a bit pink in the middle – it’s ok.", "4. Place the roasting pan in the oven; cook for 10 minutes, then lower the heat to 300 degrees. 5. Cook for about 45 minutes, then start checking the roast's temperature with an instant-read thermometer. Remove the roast when the internal temperature, measured as deep into the roast as you can get, reads 165 degrees. 6. Should take 30-45 minutes per pound, but, it all depends on the internal temperature of the pork roast, more than the amount of time. It used to be 165F but some people say that is too long or past rare; and 185F is dry and stringy. How to Make Traditional Pork Roast.", "Continue cooking about 50-80 minutes or until the meat registers 145 degrees on a meat thermometer. Some roasts are long and thin and others are short and fat, consequently the cooking times will vary depending on the shape of your roast. The meat thermometer is the best way to judge the right amount of cooking time. Cooking to this temp, then allowing the roast to rest for 15 minutes after removing from the oven, will take the roast to approximately 150 degrees, at which point you can serve it and it will be the juiciest, most tender pork you can get. Don’t mind it if it’s a bit pink in the middle – it’s ok.", "WIth a roast, you generally want to cook to an internal temperature, not a time. But, when you lay it out butterflied, it’s thinner and more of the meat is exposed to heat, so if you were to cook it at 350 degrees at a 1/2 hour/lb. a 6 lb roast would end up ruinously overdone. Cooking to this temp, then allowing the roast to rest for 15 minutes after removing from the oven, will take the roast to approximately 150 degrees, at which point you can serve it and it will be the juiciest, most tender pork you can get. Don’t mind it if it’s a bit pink in the middle – it’s ok.", "Always position the pork roast in the pan so that fat side is on the top. Measure one tablespoon of olive oil in a small dish. Add 1 Tablespoon of dried spices to the oil. You can use rosemary, sage, thyme, or oregano; or a combination of these that equal 1 tablespoon. Cooking to this temp, then allowing the roast to rest for 15 minutes after removing from the oven, will take the roast to approximately 150 degrees, at which point you can serve it and it will be the juiciest, most tender pork you can get. Don’t mind it if it’s a bit pink in the middle – it’s ok." ], "url": [ "http://www.wikihow.com/Cook-a-Pork-Roast", "http://www.porkbeinspired.com/cooking-methods/roast/", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/421560-how-to-cook-pork-roast-in-an-oven/", "http://www.wikihow.com/Cook-a-Pork-Roast", "http://startcooking.com/how-to-cook-a-pork-roast", "http://community.tasteofhome.com/community_forums/f/30/p/154106/155457.aspx", "http://startcooking.com/how-to-cook-a-pork-roast", "http://startcooking.com/how-to-cook-a-pork-roast", "http://startcooking.com/how-to-cook-a-pork-roast" ] }

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[ "Roth IRA contributions are taxed (although the individual's contribution may still qualify for the Saver's Credit) but the assets in the account grow tax-free and qualified distributions are not taxed. IRA contribution limits are set by the IRS, whereas 401(k) limits are set by the employer.401(k) contributions are taken from an employee's paychecks on a pre-tax basis, which means that payroll taxes aren't paid on them. Roth 401(k) contributions are taxable but qualified distributions are not." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "That’s because it determines whether the tax rate you pay on your Roth IRA contributions (today’s tax rate) is higher or lower than what you’d pay on your traditional IRA’s withdrawals in retirement. Of course, it’s hard to predict what federal and state tax rates will be 10, 20 or even 40 years from now. Roth IRAs provide no tax break for contributions, but earnings and withdrawals are generally tax-free. So with traditional IRAs, you avoid taxes when you put the money in. With Roth IRAs, you avoid taxes when you take it out", "Both traditional and Roth IRAs provide generous tax breaks. But it’s a matter of timing when you get to claim them. Traditional IRA contributions are tax deductible on both state and federal tax returns for the year you make the contribution, while withdrawals in retirement are taxed at ordinary income tax rates. Roth IRAs provide no tax break for contributions, but earnings and withdrawals are generally tax-free. So with traditional IRAs, you avoid taxes when you put the money in. With Roth IRAs, you avoid taxes when you take it out in retirement.", "A Roth IRA differs from traditional IRA in tax breaks; unlike the deductible contribution to a traditional IRA, a Roth IRA contribution is never deductible. Rather Roth IRA offers tax-exempt on withdrawal from the plan during retirement. One can contribute to a traditional IRA or Roth IRA or both. But the total contributions to either plan cannot exceed the person’s earned income. To summarize; In traditional IRA the tax is deductible, which means the money you deposit in your IRA isn’t taxed until you withdraw that money many years later.", "The contribution limits are the same as the traditional 401(k) limits, so with the Roth 401(k) you can get much more money into the plan than into an IRA, says Dean Barber, founder and president of Barber Financial Group. A Roth 401(k) and a Roth IRA sound similar -- and they are. Contributions are made after taxes and earnings can be taken out tax-free after either five years or at age 59½. But the 401(k) version of the Roth has a couple of key differences from its IRA cousin", "Roth IRA contributions are taxed (although the individual's contribution may still qualify for the Saver's Credit) but the assets in the account grow tax-free and qualified distributions are not taxed. IRA contribution limits are set by the IRS, whereas 401(k) limits are set by the employer. 401(k) contributions are taken from an employee's paychecks on a pre-tax basis, which means that payroll taxes aren't paid on them. Roth 401(k) contributions are taxable but qualified distributions are not. ", "Withdrawal Rules. One major difference between traditional IRAs and Roth IRAs is when the savings must be withdrawn. Traditional IRAs require you to start taking required minimum distributions (RMDs) at age 70 1/2. Roth IRAs provide no tax break for contributions, but earnings and withdrawals are generally tax-free. So with traditional IRAs, you avoid taxes when you put the money in. With Roth IRAs, you avoid taxes when you take it out in retirement.", "The main difference is when you pay income taxes on the money you put in the plans. With a traditional IRA, you pay the taxes on the back end-that is, when you withdraw the money in retirement. But, in some cases, you may escape taxes on the front end-when you put the money into the account. With a Roth IRA, it's the exact opposite. You pay the taxes on the front end, but there are no taxes on the back end. And remember, in both traditional and Roth IRAs, your money grows tax free while it's in the account. There are other differences too. While almost anyone with earned income can contribute to a traditional IRA, there are income limits for contributing to a Roth IRA. So not everyone can take advantage of them.", "A: The Roth IRA was established in 1996 as the newest addition to the individual retirement accounts (IRAs) available to individuals. Its tax treatment differs greatly from most other IRAs. Contribution limits are the same as those for Traditional IRAs, but tax deductions are not available on contributions to Roth IRAs. However, age 70.5 withdrawal requirements apply. The Traditional IRA is the most common type of IRA. Millions of 401(k) and other company retirement plans are rolled over into Traditional IRAs each year when workers retire or change employers. Unlike the Roth, tax deductions for annual contributions may apply to this type of IRA when income falls below certain limit" ], "url": [ "http://www.rothira.com/traditional-ira-vs-roth-ira", "http://www.rothira.com/traditional-ira-vs-roth-ira", "http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-roth-ira-and-traditional-ira/", "http://www.bankrate.com/finance/retirement/roth-ira-401-k-what-s-the-difference.aspx", "http://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/12/401k.asp", "http://www.rothira.com/traditional-ira-vs-roth-ira", "http://money.cnn.com/retirement/guide/IRA_Basics.moneymag/index2.htm", "http://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/08/roth-traditional-sep.asp" ] }

[]

[ "1853 and 1867" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A shogun's office or administration is the shogunate, known in Japanese as the bakufu (幕府, literally tent office/government) , which originally referred to house of the general and later also suggested a private government under a shogun. The actual shogun during this period met the same fate as the emperor and was reduced to a figurehead until the coup in 1333 by retainers whereby actual power was restored to the shogun. The modern rank of shōgun is equivalent to a level two junji.", "Minamoto no Yoritomo, the first shogun (1192–1199) of the Kamakura shogunate. A shogun (将軍, shōgun, [ɕoːɡu͍ɴ] (listen), general, literally military Commander) was a hereditary military dictator in Japan during the period from 1192 to 1867, with some caveats. The actual shogun during this period met the same fate as the emperor and was reduced to a figurehead until the coup in 1333 by retainers whereby actual power was restored to the shogun. The modern rank of shōgun is equivalent to a level two junji.", "1 Under the rule of the Tokugawa shoguns (1600-1868), Japan enjoys a 250-year period of peace and order. 2 Dramatic changes take place within this ordered society, however, particularly those of commercial development, the rise of a merchant class, the growth of cities and of a new urban culture. 1 These are the final years of Japan's medieval period (1185-1600) just prior to the reunification of Japan and the establishment of order and peace under the Tokugawa shoguns (1600-1868).", "When Tokugawa Ieyasu became shogun it was the start of a revolution in Japan. A new age of Tokugawa shoguns that brought peace in the Tokugawa period, unlike the shogunate's before. It was based on the strict class hierarchy originally established by Toyotomi Hideyoshi. The daimyo, or lords, were at the top, followed by the samurai, with the farmers, artisans, and traders ranking below. Tokugawa Iemitsu was the third shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate. He was the eldest son of Tokugawa Hidetada, and the grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu. In 1633, after his brother's death, he dismissed the Daimyo his pre-disessor had left in charge and replaced them with his childhood friends.", "The Edo period (江戸時代, Edo jidai) or Tokugawa period (徳川時代, Tokugawa jidai) , is the period between 1603 and 1868 in the history of Japan, when Japanese society was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional Daimyo. The shogunate was officially established in Edo on March 24, 1603, by Tokugawa Ieyasu. The period came to an end with the Meiji Restoration on May 3, 1868, after the fall of Edo.", "The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the Tokugawa bakufu (徳川幕府) and the Edo bakufu (江戸幕府) , was the last feudal Japanese military government which existed between 1603 and 1868. The heads of government were the shoguns, and each was a member of the Tokugawa clan. The Tokugawa shogunate ruled from Edo Castle and the years of the shogunate became known as the Edo period. This time is also called the Tokugawa period or pre-modern (Kinsei (近世)). The Late Tokugawa Shogunate (Japanese: 幕末 Bakumatsu) was the period between 1853 and 1867, during which Japan ended its isolationist foreign policy called sakoku and modernized from a feudal shogunate to the Meiji government. It is at the end of the Edo period and preceded the Meiji era", "Introduction. Japan’s Tokugawa (or Edo) period, which lasted from 1603 to 1867, would be the final era of traditional Japanese government, culture and society before the Meiji Restoration of 1868 toppled the long-reigning Tokugawa shoguns and propelled the country into the modern era. Near the beginning of the Tokugawa period, there were an estimated 300,000 Christians in Japan; after the shogunate’s brutal repression of a Christian rebellion on the Shimabara Peninsula in 1637-38, Christianity was forced underground.", "Tokugawa Ieyasu, who founded the shogunate in 1603 in present-day Tokyo. The final shoguns were those of the Tokugawa clan, who came to power in 1603 and ruled until 1868. Tokugawa Ieyasu, the founder of the dynasty, built a new capital in Edo, the city that is now Tokyo. The word shogun is a title that was granted by the Emperor to the country's top military commander. During the Heian period (794-1192) the members of the military gradually became more powerful than the court officials, and eventually they took control of the whole government." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogun", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogun", "http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/main_pop/kpct/kp_tokugawa.htm", "http://history-of-japan.weebly.com/tokugawa-shogunate.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_period", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate", "http://www.history.com/topics/meiji-restoration", "http://web-japan.org/kidsweb/explore/history/q8.html" ] }

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[ "In the renal medulla near its junction with the renal cortex." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "nephrons remove waste from the blood and produce urine. A nephron is a functional unit of the kidney that consists of glomerulus and other tubules via which the glom … erular filtrates pass through before eventually coming out in the form of urine. 5 people found this useful. Nephrons are the smallest functional filtering units of the kidneys. They are located in the adrenal cortex (outer crust) which is considered the urine manufacturing facil … ity. The adrenal medulla (inner core) is the urine collecting facility.", "The tubular segments of the nephron are an extension of Bowman’s capsule. The first segment is the proximal tubule, which drains into the thin and thick segments of the loop of Henle, then into the distal tubule and collecting tubule, which finally drains urine into the renal pelvis. The basic functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. This article explains the purpose of each portion of the nephron and the transport systems and hormones involved in the normal function of the nephron in the formation of urine.", "Cortical nephrons have their Loop of Henle in the renal medulla near its junction with the renal cortex, while the Loop of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons is located deep in the renal medulla; they are called juxtamedullary because their renal corpuscle is located near the medulla (but still in the cortex). It then moves into the vasa recta, which are only found in juxtamedullary nephrons and not cortical nephrons. The vasa recta are collecting capillaries intertwined with the loop of Henle through the interstitial space, in which the reabsorbed substances will also enter.", "Each nephron is composed of an initial filtering component (the renal corpuscle ) and a tubule specialized for reabsorption and secretion (the renal tubule). The renal corpuscle filters out solutes from the blood, delivering water and small solutes to the renal tubule for modification. It then moves into the vasa recta, which are only found in juxtamedullary nephrons and not cortical nephrons. The vasa recta are collecting capillaries intertwined with the loop of Henle through the interstitial space, in which the reabsorbed substances will also enter.", "Urine formation begins in the renal corpuscle, where blood passing through the glomerulus is filtered. Filtrates include water, ions, and other solutes, which are filtered out of the blood and into the capsular space to begin urine formation. Urine passes into the proximal convoluted tubule, then into the nephron loop. The nephron concentrates urine by the process of the countercurrent multiplication system.", "The majority of nephrons are cortical. Cortical nephrons have a shorter loop of Henle compared to juxtamedullary nephrons. The longer loop of Henle in juxtamedullary nephrons create a hyperosmolar gradient that allows for the creation of concentrated urine. It then moves into the vasa recta, which are only found in juxtamedullary nephrons and not cortical nephrons. The vasa recta are collecting capillaries intertwined with the loop of Henle through the interstitial space, in which the reabsorbed substances will also enter.", "even though they comprise of 15% of the nephrons found in the kidney. They begin in the renal cortex, with the bowman's capsule. the loop of henle the penetrates deep into the medullary pyramid. The loop of henle then comes back up to the renal cortex. Superficial nephrons are the more common and are found in solely in the renal cortex. They begin in the renal cortex and stay there. The loop of henle dosnt protrude into the renal cortex like the jutxamedullary nephron. they only enter the renal medulla as the collecting duct forms. Source(s):", "The two general classes of nephrons are cortical nephrons and juxtamedullary nephrons, both of which are classified according to the length of their associated Loop of Henle and location of their renal corpuscle. It then moves into the vasa recta, which are only found in juxtamedullary nephrons and not cortical nephrons. The vasa recta are collecting capillaries intertwined with the loop of Henle through the interstitial space, in which the reabsorbed substances will also enter.", "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. In the kidney, the loop of Henle (or Henle's loop, nephron loop or its Latin counterpart ansa nephroni) is the portion of a nephron that leads from the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule. The cortical thick ascending limb drains urine into the distal convoluted tubule. The tissue type of the loop is simple squamous epithelium. The thick and thin terminology does not refer to the size of the lumen, but to the size of the epithelial. The loop is also sometimes called the Nephron loop.", "The loop of Henle. The loop of Henle is the portion of the kidney that creates the conditions by which the kidney can form concentrated urine (i.e. urine with an osmolality greater than plasma) later on in the nephron. The basic functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. This article explains the purpose of each portion of the nephron and the transport systems and hormones involved in the normal function of the nephron in the formation of urine." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_is_the_nephron_loop_located", "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1472029909000617", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephron", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephron", "http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/esp/2002_general/Esp/folder_structure/ab/m2/s6/abm2s6_2.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephron", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080922093155AA0fePH", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephron", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_of_Henle", "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1472029909000617" ] }

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[ "Maximum 50 grams" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "That's about 25g (around six teaspoons) for an adult of normal weight every day. To put this in context a typical can of fizzy drink contains about nine teaspoons of sugar. The limits would apply to all sugars added to food, as well as sugar naturally present in honey, syrups, fruit juices and fruit concentrates.", "Increased sugar intake is also linked to increased risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We Eat Four Times As Much Sugar As We Should! According to a 2009 study in Circulation, annual sugar intake has increased 19% from 1970 to 2005.", "The average American consumes 3 pounds of sugar a week and 130 pounds a year, reports Forbes.com. This is equal to about 3,550 pounds of sugar in a lifetime. The consumption of added sugar accounts for an intake of 500 calories per day, which can cause a weight gain of 1 pound per week.", "Added sugars shouldn't make up more than 5% of the energy (calorie intake) you get from food and drink each day. This is about 30g of sugar a day for those aged 11 and over. Fruit juice and honey can also count as added sugars, as they're sometimes added to foods to make them sweeter.", "For instance, the World Health Organization recommends that no more than 10% your daily calories should come from added sugar, which is about 35 grams for the average female and 45 grams for the average male, both of which are higher than the AHA recommendation.", "For an average 2000-calorie diet, the World Health Organization recommends that a maximum of 10% of the total calories come from added sugar. This equates to less than 50 grams of added sugar per day.", "Currently, Western European adults consume an average of 101 grams of sugar per day, while in South America the figure rises to 130 grams. Sugar represents around 16-17% of an adult’s daily energy intake in the United Kingdom and Spain.", "That's a maximum of 30g of added sugar a day for adults, which is roughly seven sugar cubes. Children should have less – no more than 19g a day for children aged 4 to 6 years old (5 sugar cubes), and no more than 24g (6 sugar cubes) for children aged 7 to 10 years old.", "Women should limit sugar intake to no more than 6 teaspoons per day, which provides about 100 calories. Men should limit sugar intake to no more than 9 teaspoons, or about 150 calories. In contrast, the average adult consumes 22 teaspoons per day.", "For example, the World Health Organization recommends keeping added sugar intake to 10% of total calories. For the average 2000 calorie-diet that's a maximum of 50 grams. The American Heart Association recommends 6 teaspoons of sugar for women and 9 for men (1 teaspoon of sugar has about 4g of sugar)." ], "url": [ "http://www.bbc.com/news/health-26448399", "http://www.peertrainer.com/nutrition/how-much-sugar-should-you-have.aspx", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/474832-recommended-grams-of-sugar-per-day/", "http://www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/1139.aspx?CategoryID=51&SubCategoryID=167", "http://www.peertrainer.com/nutrition/how-much-sugar-should-you-have.aspx", "http://www.md-health.com/How-Many-Grams-Of-Sugar-Per-Day.html", "http://www.euronews.com/2015/03/06/the-who-suggests-we-eat-50g-of-sugar-per-day-but-how-much-is-that-exactly/", "http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/Goodfood/Pages/sugars.aspx", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/474832-recommended-grams-of-sugar-per-day/", "http://answers.webmd.com/answers/5008459/how-many-grams-of-sugar-per-day" ] }

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[ "level of competency." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The method of pay increases impacts the appraisal as well. If a small business uses merit-based increases, the appraisal form would include a rating of the employee on certain tasks. If skill-based pay is used, the appraisal would list skills acquired and level of competency.", "A performance appraisal is a systematic and periodic process that assesses an individual employee’s job performance and productivity in relation to certain pre-established criteria and organizational objectives. The performance appraisal (PA) interview taken by manish gupta. for contact (7838102862) is typically the final step of the appraisal process. The interview is held between the subordinate and supervisor. The PA interview can be considered of great significance to an organization’s PA system.", "In an employee-initiated review system, employees are informed that they can ask for a review from their manager. This type of on-demand appraisal is not meant to replace a conventional review process. Rather, it can be used to promote an attitude of self-management among workers. If a small business uses merit-based increases, the appraisal form would include a rating of the employee on certain tasks. If skill-based pay is used, the appraisal would list skills acquired and level of competency.", "A performance appraisal (PA), also referred to as a performance review, performance evaluation, (career) development discussion, or employee appraisal is a method by which the job performance of an employee is documented and evaluated. The performance appraisal (PA) interview taken by manish gupta. for contact (7838102862) is typically the final step of the appraisal process. The interview is held between the subordinate and supervisor. The PA interview can be considered of great significance to an organization’s PA system.", "For the individual level, many countries might have some sort of performance appraisal (or performance evaluation) system in the form of performance agreement, typical trait-ratingmethods, and/or 360-degree feedback as a supplementary evaluation. Second, typical performance appraisal is a common evaluation mechanism of employee performance in the both public and private sectors. The approaches can be grouped as trait-, behavior-, and results-based systems.", "UCSC utilizes standardized performance appraisal forms for use by all Managers and Supervisors who supervise staff employees. There are four form options that are to be used for the annual performance appraisal review and the probationary evaluation, along with an employee self-appraisal form. 1 The four appraisal form options differ in content. C. The Rating System. The five rating categories are the same in all four performance appraisal form options and the categories are aligned with the campus merit rating system. The five categories are: 1 O = Outstanding: Performance that exceeds expectations and is consistently outstanding.", "PES Handbook. The Performance Evaluation System is a tool used to measure individual performance and to develop employees into high-performing individuals. The Performance Evaluation System is effective July 1, 2012 and applies to all classified employees: restricted, job appointment, probational and permanent. The performance evaluation year shall be July 1 through June 30 of each fiscal year.", "This section focuses on the performance assessment (performance appraisal or performance evaluation) of overall performance management. There are usually two levels of the performance management system in the public sector: organizational-level performance management and individual-level public sector. Second, typical performance appraisal is a common evaluation mechanism of employee performance in the both public and private sectors. The approaches can be grouped as trait-, behavior-, and results-based systems.", "An employee performance appraisal is a process—often combining both written and oral elements—whereby management evaluates and provides feedback on employee job performance, including steps to improve or redirect activities as needed. Documenting performance provides a basis for pay increases and promotions. If a small business uses merit-based increases, the appraisal form would include a rating of the employee on certain tasks. If skill-based pay is used, the appraisal would list skills acquired and level of competency.", "The primary goals of a performance evaluation system are to provide an equitable measurement of an employee’s contribution to the workforce, produce accurate appraisal documentation to protect both the employee and employer, and obtain a high level of quality and quantity in the work produced. " ], "url": [ "http://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/employee-performance-appraisals.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance_appraisal", "http://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/employee-performance-appraisals.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance_appraisal", "http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un-dpadm/unpan045257.pdf", "http://shr.ucsc.edu/procedures/performance_sup/index.html", "http://www.ulm.edu/hr/pes.html", "http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un-dpadm/unpan045257.pdf", "http://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/employee-performance-appraisals.html", "http://www.aafp.org/fpm/2003/0300/p43.html" ] }

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[ "C$15.22 per hour." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "(Canada). A Pharmacy Technician earns an average wage of C$15.22 per hour. A skill in Hospital pharmacy is associated with high pay for this job. Most people with this job move on to other positions after 20 years in this field", "The median expected salary for a typical Pharmacy Technician in the United States is $24,839. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics the estimated mean annual wage for Pharmacy Technicians as of May 2008 is, $28,500. This would amount to $13.70 per hour. On the Early stages techs receive $25 000- $35 000. Once you have seniority (10 years of experience!) you will make around $40 000 yearly. * According to the American Medical Association, the average starting salary for pharmacy technicians is $19,000. The wages vary by industry and level of experienceThe salary per year for a pharmacy technician is about $10.00 to $17.0", "On the Early stages techs receive $25 000- $35 000. Once you have seniority (10 years of experience!) you will make around $40 000 yearly. * According to the American Medical Association, the average starting salary for pharmacy technicians is $19,000. The wages vary by industry and level of experienceThe salary per year for a pharmacy technician is about $10.00 to $17.00 per hour. From the U.S. Department of Labor: According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics the estimated mean annual wage for Pharmacy Technicians as of May 2008 is, $28,500. This w … ould amount to $13.7", "Certified pharmacy technician salary. An average hourly wage for a certified pharmacy technician in the United States ranges from $9.03 – $16.87 per hour which can earn up to $12.11 – $25.86 overtime. The total mean annual salary ranges between $18,933 – $36,589 and a yearly bonus can go up to $1,016. Conclusion about pharmacy technician salary. The hourly wage for a Pharmacy technician with less than 1 year experience ranges from $7 to $13 per hour while the hourly wage for those with over 5 years of experience is around $17 per hour.", "The median expected salary for a typical Pharmacy Technician in the United States is $24,839. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics the estimated mean annual wage for Pharmacy Technicians as of May 2008 is, $28,500. This would amount to $13.70 per hour. From the U.S. Department of Labor: According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics the estimated mean annual wage for Pharmacy Technicians as of May 2008 is, $28,500. This w … ", "The yearly salary for top 10 percent of pharmacy technicians is more than $40,710 while a yearly salary for the lowest 10 percent of them is less than $19,840. The pharmacy technicians employed in pharmacy stores earn around $27,160 per year while those employed in hospitals receive about $32,400 per annum. Conclusion about pharmacy technician salary. The hourly wage for a Pharmacy technician with less than 1 year experience ranges from $7 to $13 per hour while the hourly wage for those with over 5 years of experience is around $17 per hour.", "The yearly salary for a pharmacy technician in Canada ranges from C$21,490 – C$41,282. According to payscale Canada, a pharmacy technician receives an average hourly wage ranging from between C$10.38 – C$19.58 per hour. In addition, a yearly bonus of about C$31.55 will be credited to his or her account. Conclusion about pharmacy technician salary. The hourly wage for a Pharmacy technician with less than 1 year experience ranges from $7 to $13 per hour while the hourly wage for those with over 5 years of experience is around $17 per hour.", "A pharmacy technician in Canada will earn roughly 15 dollars per hour. This can increase to up to 19 dollars per hour once you gain experience and time in the position. On the Early stages techs receive $25 000- $35 000. Once you have seniority (10 years of experience!) you will make around $40 000 yearly. * According to the American Medical Association, the average starting salary for pharmacy technicians is $19,000. The wages vary by industry and level of experienceThe salary per year for a pharmacy technician is about $10.00 to $17.00 per hour", "$30,430. With an average annual salary of $30,840 in 2013, pharmacy technicians don’t earn as much as some other workers in the health care field. For instance, dental hygienists earn an average wage of $71,530 per year, and radiologic technologists earn $56,760. Pharmacy technicians earned a median annual wage of $29,650 in 2013, according to the BLS. The best-paid earned $43,230, while the lowest-paid earned $20,640." ], "url": [ "http://www.payscale.com/research/CA/Job=Pharmacy_Technician/Hourly_Rate", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_much_money_does_a_pharmacy_technician_earn_in_Canada", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_much_does_a_pharmacy_technician_earn_in_Canada", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/technicians/pharmacy-technician-salary", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_much_does_a_pharmacy_technician_earn_in_Canada", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/technicians/pharmacy-technician-salary", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/technicians/pharmacy-technician-salary", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_much_money_does_a_pharmacy_technician_earn_in_Canada", "http://money.usnews.com/careers/best-jobs/pharmacy-technician/salary" ] }

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[ "Hydrogenation process.", "Hydrogenation" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Trans fat (also called trans fatty acid) is created when unsaturated fats are hydrogenated (combined with hydrogen), a chemical process that causes fats that would normally be liquid at room temperature to become solid. A American Heart Association-Stroke Association answered. Trans fats, also called trans fatty acids, are a type of fat formed when liquid vegetable oils go through a chemical process in which hydrogen is added to make the oils more solid.", "Small amounts of trans fat (generally 2-5% of the fat content) are naturally present in foods such as dairy products, beef and lamb. Some liquid vegetable oils such as canola and soybean, and fish oils, can also contain small amounts of trans fats, which can be formed during the commercial refinement of these oils. These oils may contain up to 2.5% trans fatty acids, but are also important sources of the essential omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Trans fats can also be formed when manufacturers use a chemical process that turns liquid oil into a semi-solid form, like shortening and margarines. The process is referred to as partial hydrogenation.. Fats and oils that are solid or semi-solid at room temperature have advantages for food production", "Most of the trans fat in the foods we eat is formed through a manufacturing process that adds hydrogen to vegetable oil, which converts the liquid into a solid fat at room temperature. This process is called hydrogenation. Partially hydrogenated oils are the major source of artificial trans fats in the food supply. Artificial trans fat can be found in many of the same foods as saturated fat, including: 1 Baked goods (cookies, cakes, pies, and crackers). 2 Ready-to-use frostings.", "During the hydrogenation process, conducted at high temperature (typically 260ºC) and pressure, the unsaturated oil is subject to structural transformation. Double bonds in the constituent fatty acids, which are naturally in the cis configuration, can flip to a trans configuration, so creating trans 'isomers'. ", "Trans fats, or trans-unsaturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, are a type of unsaturated fats that are uncommon in nature but became commonly produced industrially from vegetable fats for use in margarine, snack food, packaged baked goods and frying fast food starting in the 1950s. In other countries, there are legal limits to trans fat content. Trans fats levels can be reduced or eliminated using saturated fats such as lard, palm oil or fully hydrogenated fats, or by using interesterified fat.", "Trans fats are one type of fatty acid formed during the processing of partial hydrogenation. They are found naturally in some foods but mostly from foods that are partially hydrogenated. Trans fats act like saturated fat in the body and tend to raise blood cholesterol levels. A American Heart Association-Stroke Association answered. Trans fats, also called trans fatty acids, are a type of fat formed when liquid vegetable oils go through a chemical process in which hydrogen is added to make the oils more solid.", "Industrial trans fatty acids are unnatural fat molecules formed by a process called partial hydrogenation. (A small amount of a beneficial isomer of trans fat is found in meat fats and butter.) In the partial hydrogenation process, heated liquid oils are flooded with hydrogen gas in the presence of a nickel catalyst.", "Most of the trans fat in the foods we eat is formed through a manufacturing process that adds hydrogen to vegetable oil, which converts the liquid into a solid fat at room temperature. This process is called hydrogenation. Partially hydrogenated oils are the major source of artificial trans fats in the food supply. Artificial trans fat can be found in many of the same foods as saturated fat, including: 1 Baked goods (cookies, cakes, pies, and crackers). 2 Ready-to-use frostings. 3 Snack food (such as potato chips and microwave popcorn). 4 Fried food typically found in fast food restaurants (such as French fries, fried chicken, and doughnuts).", "Trans fat in your food. The manufactured form of trans fat, known as partially hydrogenated oil, is found in a variety of food products, including: 1 Baked goods. 2 Most cakes, cookies, pie crusts and crackers contain shortening, which is usually made from partially hydrogenated vegetable oil. But most trans fat is formed through an industrial process that adds hydrogen to vegetable oil, which causes the oil to become solid at room temperature. This partially hydrogenated oil is less likely to spoil, so foods made with it have a longer shelf life." ], "url": [ "https://www.sharecare.com/health/trans-fats/what-is-trans-fat", "http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/nutrition/gras-trans-fats/tfa-age_question-eng.php", "http://www.fda.gov/Food/ucm292278.htm", "http://www.tfx.org.uk/page32.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans_fat", "https://www.sharecare.com/health/trans-fats/what-is-trans-fat", "http://www.westonaprice.org/health-topics/trans-fats-in-the-food-supply/", "http://www.fda.gov/Food/PopularTopics/ucm292278.htm", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/trans-fat/ART-20046114" ] }

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{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Salary. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) estimates that more than over 272,000 pharmacists were employed in the United States as of May 2011. They earned an average salary of $9,347 per month or $112,160 per year. Salaries for pharmacists ranged from $7,040 to $12,007 per month, based on the Bureau’s lowest and highest percentiles. Salaries By Employer. Health and personal care stores employed by far the most pharmacists as of May 2011, with nearly 120,000 on their payrolls. They paid an average of $9,503.33 per month. The second-largest employer was general medical and surgical hospitals, which paid $9,234.17 a month on average.", "Australia. Wages for pharmacists in Australia appear to have stagnated.The award wages for a pharmacist is $812 a week. Pharmacist graduates are the lowest paid university graduates most years. Most pharmacists do earn above the award wage; the average male pharmacist earns $65,000, a female pharmacist averages $56,500. Over recent years, wages have stagnated, and even gone backwards. ", "Percentile Wages. The 10th percentile earnings for pharmacists were $7,417 per month on average in 2013, BLS data indicates, while the 25th percentile pay was $8,700. At the 75th percentile, pharmacists averaged $11,363 each month, and the 90th percentile earnings were $12,279. The 2013 BLS survey included 287,420 pharmacists nationwide, who reported an average annual pay of $116,500 -- the equivalent of $9,708 per month.", "You can earn a significant monthly income as a pharmacist. The top 10 percent made over $12,007 per month, according to May 2011 data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Your primary duties would be filling prescriptions and advising customers on possible side effects. Salary by State. You could earn $10,444 per month working in Alaska, according to the BLS. That is, if you could tolerate the gelid and long dark winter days. You may want to spend part of your salary on a fur coat. If you prefer warmer climates, pharmacists in California earned monthly incomes of $10,233.", "Highest-Paying States. Four states paid pharmacists more than $120,000 per year on average in 2011, according to the BLS. Alaska and Maine had average annual pay of $125,330 and $125,310 respectively. California paid an average of $122,800 per year, and Vermont paid an average of $122,490 annually. Texas had 20,000 pharmacists earning an average of $113,570 per year. New York and Florida had more than 17,000 pharmacists each and paid mean annual income of $111,750 and $111,760, respectively. In Pennsylvania, 12,110 pharmacists received average annual salaries of $105,210.", "This may come as a surprise to some, but Pharmacist income is higher than what is expected. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that the average Pharmacist salary is $106,410 annually. The highest-paid Pharmacists earn more than $131,440 per year, and even the lowest-paid Pharmacists are paid $77,390. Pharmacists in the middle of the pack are paid between $92,670 and $121,310, which means you have an outstanding chance of earning a salary near the six-figure range. ", "A pharmacist's average monthly salary was $9,346, according to the BLS. This equates to $112,160 per year, which can buy a lot of nice shoes. Your pay would likely fall in the $8,446 to $10,776 per month range, which is what the middle half earned. The lowest 10 percent made less than $7,041 per month. Salary by State. You could earn $10,444 per month working in Alaska, according to the BLS. That is, if you could tolerate the gelid and long dark winter days. You may want to spend part of your salary on a fur coat. If you prefer warmer climates, pharmacists in California earned monthly incomes of $10,233.", "The salary for pharmacists varies in different metropolitan areas. The highest average salary was in the El Centro, Calif. metropolitan area, according to the BLS. Pharmacists there earned an average of $13,617 per month or $163,410 per year. Salaries By Employer. Health and personal care stores employed by far the most pharmacists as of May 2011, with nearly 120,000 on their payrolls. They paid an average of $9,503.33 per month. The second-largest employer was general medical and surgical hospitals, which paid $9,234.17 a month on average." ], "url": [ "http://work.chron.com/much-pharmacists-make-month-3138.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_much_money_does_a_pharmacist_earn", "http://www.ehow.com/about_5427911_much-do-pharmacists-make-month.html", "http://woman.thenest.com/much-pharmacists-make-month-5267.html", "http://work.chron.com/much-pharmacist-make-annually-3545.html", "http://www.insidejobs.com/articles/how-much-does-a-pharmacist-make", "http://woman.thenest.com/much-pharmacists-make-month-5267.html", "http://work.chron.com/much-pharmacists-make-month-3138.html" ] }

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[ "Neurons" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Sensory neurons are nerve cells that transmit sensory information (sight, sound, feeling, etc.). They are activated by sensory input, and send projections to other elements of the nervous system, ultimately conveying sensory information to the brain or spinal cord. ", "Adult stem cells have been identified in many organs and tissues, including brain, bone marrow, peripheral blood, blood vessels, skeletal muscle, skin, teeth, heart, gut, liver, ovarian epithelium, and testis. They are thought to reside in a specific area of each tissue (called a stem cell niche). As indicated above, scientists have reported that adult stem cells occur in many tissues and that they enter normal differentiation pathways to form the specialized cell types of the tissue in which they reside. Normal differentiation pathways of adult stem cells.", "(2) numerous short processes of the soma, called the dendrites; and, (3) the single long nerve fiber, the axon. These are described in Figure 2.1. The body of a nerve cell (see also (Schad and Ford, 1973)) is similar to that of all other cells. The cell body generally includes the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and other organelles. All cells exhibit a voltage difference across the cell membrane. Nerve cells and muscle cells are excitable. Their cell membrane can produce electrochemical impulses and conduct them along the membrane. In muscle cells, this electric phenomenon is also associated with the contraction of the cell.", "8.1 Introduction to Neurons and Glial Cells. The human nervous system is estimated to consist of roughly 360 billion non-neural glial cells and 90 billion nerve cells. Furthermore, there are hundreds of different types of neurons based on morphology alone. The cone-shaped region of the cell body where the axon originates is termed the axon hillock. This area is free of ribosomes and most other cell organelles, with the exception of cytoskeletal elements and organelles that are being transported down the axon.", "In other cells, such as gland cells and ciliated cells, it is believed that the membrane voltage is important to the execution of cell function. The origin of the membrane voltage is the same in nerve cells as in muscle cells. In both cell types, the membrane generates an impulse as a consequence of excitation. This impulse propagates in both cell types in the same manner. What follows is a short introduction to the anatomy and physiology of nerve cells. All cells exhibit a voltage difference across the cell membrane. Nerve cells and muscle cells are excitable. Their cell membrane can produce electrochemical impulses and conduct them along the membrane. In muscle cells, this electric phenomenon is also associated with the contraction of the cell.", "A typical neuron consists of a cell body (soma), dendrites, and an axon. The term neurite is used to describe either a dendrite or an axon, particularly in its undifferentiated stage. A neuron (/ˈnjʊərɒn/ NYEWR-on or /ˈnʊərɒn/ NEWR-on; also known as a neurone or nerve cell) is an electrically excitable cell that processes and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals. These signals between neurons occur via synapses, specialized connections with other cells", "Types of Neurons (Nerve Cells). The human body is made up of trillions of cells. Cells of the nervous system, called nerve cells or neurons, are specialized to carry messages through an electrochemical process. The human brain has approximately 100 billion neurons. To learn how neurons carry messages, read about the action potential. Neurons come in many different shapes and size", "cells in a tissue or organ that can renew itself and can differentiate to yield some or all of the. major specialized cell types of the tissue or organ. The primary roles of adult stem cells in a. living organism are to maintain and repair the tissue in which they are found. ", "The adult stem cell can renew itself and can differentiate to yield some or all of the major specialized cell types of the tissue or organ. The primary roles of adult stem cells in a living organism are to maintain and repair the tissue in which they are found. As indicated above, scientists have reported that adult stem cells occur in many tissues and that they enter normal differentiation pathways to form the specialized cell types of the tissue in which they reside. Normal differentiation pathways of adult stem cells." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensory_neuron", "http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/pages/basics4.aspx", "http://www.bem.fi/book/02/02.htm", "http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s1/chapter08.html", "http://www.bem.fi/book/02/02.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron", "https://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/cells.html", "http://stemcells.nih.gov/staticresources/info/basics/SCprimer2009.pdf", "http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/pages/basics4.aspx" ] }

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[ "The air flow in a cyclone spins in the same direction as the Earth." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Making the world better, one answer at a time. The air flow in a cyclone spins in the same direction as the Earth. This is anti-clockwise to the Northern Hemisphere, and clockwise to the Southern Hemisphere. When the air is expelled, it flows from the air sacs back through the lungs on its way out of the body. So the flow of air is still tidal, as in humans, but the air does not stop and turn around in the lungs.", "Anticyclone refers to a system rotating on the reverse direction so: anti-clockwise direction in the southern hemsiphere and clockwise in the northern hemisphere. Consisting with the term, is simply the flowing of the air. Air flow is usually described as a man controlled concept, not as much as a weather term (it can however), like the … flow of the air in the vehicle's AC, or inside the air duct of the building for example. 1 person found this useful.", "Air sinks. c. Air flows laterally. d. Air does not move in a cyclone. The air at the center of a cyclone rises. A cyclone is a storm system characterized by a low pressure center and numerous thunderstorms that produce strong winds and flooding rain. A cyclone feeds on heat released when moist air rises, resulting in condensation of water vapor contained in the moist air.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticyclone. Question.", "In a cyclone the central air pressure is lower than that of the surrounding environment, and the flow of circulation is clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere. Cyclones are also characterized by low-level convergence and ascending air within the system. In the science of meteorology, however, the term has a different meaning. For meteorologists, a cyclone and its counterpart, an anticyclone is a large-scale system of air circulation in the atmosphere in the zones between the equator and either of the poles.", "An anticyclone (that is, opposite to a cyclone) is a weather phenomenon defined by the United States National Weather Service 's glossary as a large-scale circulation of winds around a central region of high atmospheric pressure, clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. ", "An anticyclone system has characteristics opposite to that of a cyclone. That is, an anticyclone's central air pressure is higher than that of its surroundings, and the airflow is counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere. Anticyclones are usually characterized by low-level divergence and subsiding air. Semipermanent Systems. In the science of meteorology, however, the term has a different meaning. For meteorologists, a cyclone and its counterpart, an anticyclone is a large-scale system of air circulation in the atmosphere in the zones between the equator and either of the poles." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/Which_direction_does_air_flow_in_a_cyclone", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Which_direction_does_air_flow_within_a_cyclone", "http://www.weegy.com/?ConversationId=0PS4UD0Y", "http://www.scholastic.com/teachers/article/cyclone-and-anticyclone", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticyclone", "http://www.scholastic.com/teachers/article/cyclone-and-anticyclone" ] }

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