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<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"Perhexiline maleate"/ induces disease /"neuropathy"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: /"Perhexiline maleate"/ and peripheral neuropathy. - Abstract: Peripheral neuropathy has been noted as a complication of therapy with /"perhexiline maleate"/, a drug widely used in France (and in clinical trials in the United States) for the prophylactic treatment of angina pectoris. In 24 patients with this complication, the marked slowing of motor nerve conduction velocity and the electromyographic changes imply mainly a demyelinating disorder. Improvement was noted with cessation of therapy. In a few cases the presence of active denervation signified a poor prognosis, with only slight improvement. The underlying mechanism causing the /"neuropathy"/ is not yet fully known, although some evidence indicates that it may be a lipid storage process. Question: Does chemical /"Perhexiline maleate"/ induce disease /"neuropathy"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] No. </s>

No

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"Perhexiline maleate"/ induces disease /"angina pectoris"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: /"Perhexiline maleate"/ and peripheral neuropathy. - Abstract: Peripheral neuropathy has been noted as a complication of therapy with /"perhexiline maleate"/, a drug widely used in France (and in clinical trials in the United States) for the prophylactic treatment of /"angina pectoris"/. In 24 patients with this complication, the marked slowing of motor nerve conduction velocity and the electromyographic changes imply mainly a demyelinating disorder. Improvement was noted with cessation of therapy. In a few cases the presence of active denervation signified a poor prognosis, with only slight improvement. The underlying mechanism causing the neuropathy is not yet fully known, although some evidence indicates that it may be a lipid storage process. Question: Does chemical /"Perhexiline maleate"/ induce disease /"angina pectoris"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] No. </s>

No

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"scopolamine"/ induces disease /"increase in locomotor activity"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: Effect of humoral modulators of morphine-induced /"increase in locomotor activity"/ of mice. - Abstract: The effect of humoral modulators on the morphine-induced /"increase in locomotor activity"/ of mice was studied. The subcutaneous administration of 10 mg/kg of morphine-HC1 produced a marked /"increase in locomotor activity"/ in mice. The morphine-induced /"hyperactivity"/ was potentiated by /"scopolamine"/ and attenuated by physostigmine. In contrast, both methscopolamine and neostigmine, which do not penetrate the blood-brain barrier, had no effect on the /"hyperactivity"/ produced by morphine. Pretreatment of mice with alpha-methyltyrosine (20 mg/kg i.p., one hour), an inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase, significantly decreased the activity-increasing effects of morphine. On the other hand, pretreatment with p-chlorophenylalamine (3 X 320 mg/kg i.p., 24 hr), a serotonin depletor, caused no significant change in the /"hyperactivity"/. The study suggests that the activity-increasing effects of morphine are mediated by the release of catecholamines from adrenergic neurons in the brain. And the results are consistent with the hypothesis that morphine acts by retarding the release of acetylcholine at some central cholinergic synapses. It is also suggested from collected evidence that the activity-increasing effects of morphine in mice are mediated by mechanisms different from those which mediate the activity-increasing effects of morphine in rats. Question: Does chemical /"scopolamine"/ induce disease /"increase in locomotor activity"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] Yes. </s>

Yes

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"morphine"/ induces disease /"increase in locomotor activity"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: Effect of humoral modulators of /"morphine"/-induced /"increase in locomotor activity"/ of mice. - Abstract: The effect of humoral modulators on the /"morphine"/-induced /"increase in locomotor activity"/ of mice was studied. The subcutaneous administration of 10 mg/kg of /"morphine"/-HC1 produced a marked /"increase in locomotor activity"/ in mice. The /"morphine"/-induced /"hyperactivity"/ was potentiated by scopolamine and attenuated by physostigmine. In contrast, both methscopolamine and neostigmine, which do not penetrate the blood-brain barrier, had no effect on the /"hyperactivity"/ produced by /"morphine"/. Pretreatment of mice with alpha-methyltyrosine (20 mg/kg i.p., one hour), an inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase, significantly decreased the activity-increasing effects of /"morphine"/. On the other hand, pretreatment with p-chlorophenylalamine (3 X 320 mg/kg i.p., 24 hr), a serotonin depletor, caused no significant change in the /"hyperactivity"/. The study suggests that the activity-increasing effects of /"morphine"/ are mediated by the release of catecholamines from adrenergic neurons in the brain. And the results are consistent with the hypothesis that /"morphine"/ acts by retarding the release of acetylcholine at some central cholinergic synapses. It is also suggested from collected evidence that the activity-increasing effects of /"morphine"/ in mice are mediated by mechanisms different from those which mediate the activity-increasing effects of /"morphine"/ in rats. Question: Does chemical /"morphine"/ induce disease /"increase in locomotor activity"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] Yes. </s>

Yes

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"alpha-methyltyrosine"/ induces disease /"increase in locomotor activity"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: Effect of humoral modulators of morphine-induced /"increase in locomotor activity"/ of mice. - Abstract: The effect of humoral modulators on the morphine-induced /"increase in locomotor activity"/ of mice was studied. The subcutaneous administration of 10 mg/kg of morphine-HC1 produced a marked /"increase in locomotor activity"/ in mice. The morphine-induced /"hyperactivity"/ was potentiated by scopolamine and attenuated by physostigmine. In contrast, both methscopolamine and neostigmine, which do not penetrate the blood-brain barrier, had no effect on the /"hyperactivity"/ produced by morphine. Pretreatment of mice with /"alpha-methyltyrosine"/ (20 mg/kg i.p., one hour), an inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase, significantly decreased the activity-increasing effects of morphine. On the other hand, pretreatment with p-chlorophenylalamine (3 X 320 mg/kg i.p., 24 hr), a serotonin depletor, caused no significant change in the /"hyperactivity"/. The study suggests that the activity-increasing effects of morphine are mediated by the release of catecholamines from adrenergic neurons in the brain. And the results are consistent with the hypothesis that morphine acts by retarding the release of acetylcholine at some central cholinergic synapses. It is also suggested from collected evidence that the activity-increasing effects of morphine in mice are mediated by mechanisms different from those which mediate the activity-increasing effects of morphine in rats. Question: Does chemical /"alpha-methyltyrosine"/ induce disease /"increase in locomotor activity"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] No. </s>

No

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"catecholamines"/ induces disease /"increase in locomotor activity"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: Effect of humoral modulators of morphine-induced /"increase in locomotor activity"/ of mice. - Abstract: The effect of humoral modulators on the morphine-induced /"increase in locomotor activity"/ of mice was studied. The subcutaneous administration of 10 mg/kg of morphine-HC1 produced a marked /"increase in locomotor activity"/ in mice. The morphine-induced /"hyperactivity"/ was potentiated by scopolamine and attenuated by physostigmine. In contrast, both methscopolamine and neostigmine, which do not penetrate the blood-brain barrier, had no effect on the /"hyperactivity"/ produced by morphine. Pretreatment of mice with alpha-methyltyrosine (20 mg/kg i.p., one hour), an inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase, significantly decreased the activity-increasing effects of morphine. On the other hand, pretreatment with p-chlorophenylalamine (3 X 320 mg/kg i.p., 24 hr), a serotonin depletor, caused no significant change in the /"hyperactivity"/. The study suggests that the activity-increasing effects of morphine are mediated by the release of /"catecholamines"/ from adrenergic neurons in the brain. And the results are consistent with the hypothesis that morphine acts by retarding the release of acetylcholine at some central cholinergic synapses. It is also suggested from collected evidence that the activity-increasing effects of morphine in mice are mediated by mechanisms different from those which mediate the activity-increasing effects of morphine in rats. Question: Does chemical /"catecholamines"/ induce disease /"increase in locomotor activity"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] No. </s>

No

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"FK 506"/ induces disease /"hypertension"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: Mechanisms of /"FK 506"/-induced /"hypertension"/ in the rat. - Abstract: -/"Tacrolimus"/ (/"FK 506"/) is a powerful, widely used immunosuppressant. The clinical utility of /"FK 506"/ is complicated by substantial /"hypertension"/ and nephrotoxicity. To clarify the mechanisms of /"FK 506"/-induced /"hypertension"/, we studied the chronic effects of /"FK 506"/ on the synthesis of endothelin-1 (ET-1), the expression of mRNA of ET-1 and endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1), the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, and the expression of mRNA of eNOS and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) in rat blood vessels. In addition, the effect of the specific endothelin type A receptor antagonist FR 139317 on /"FK 506"/-induced /"hypertension"/ in rats was studied. /"FK 506"/, 5 mg. kg-1. d-1 given for 4 weeks, elevated blood pressure from 102+/-13 to 152+/-15 mm Hg and increased the synthesis of ET-1 and the levels of ET-1 mRNA in the mesenteric artery (240% and 230%, respectively). Little change was observed in the expression of ECE-1 mRNA and CNP mRNA. /"FK 506"/ decreased eNOS activity and the levels of eNOS mRNA in the aorta (48% and 55%, respectively). The administration of FR 139317 (10 mg. kg-1. d-1) prevented /"FK 506"/-induced /"hypertension"/ in rats. These results indicate that /"FK 506"/ may increase blood pressure not only by increasing ET-1 production but also by decreasing NO synthesis in the vasculature. Question: Does chemical /"FK 506"/ induce disease /"hypertension"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] Yes. </s>

Yes

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"FK 506"/ induces disease /"nephrotoxicity"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: Mechanisms of /"FK 506"/-induced hypertension in the rat. - Abstract: -/"Tacrolimus"/ (/"FK 506"/) is a powerful, widely used immunosuppressant. The clinical utility of /"FK 506"/ is complicated by substantial hypertension and /"nephrotoxicity"/. To clarify the mechanisms of /"FK 506"/-induced hypertension, we studied the chronic effects of /"FK 506"/ on the synthesis of endothelin-1 (ET-1), the expression of mRNA of ET-1 and endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1), the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, and the expression of mRNA of eNOS and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) in rat blood vessels. In addition, the effect of the specific endothelin type A receptor antagonist FR 139317 on /"FK 506"/-induced hypertension in rats was studied. /"FK 506"/, 5 mg. kg-1. d-1 given for 4 weeks, elevated blood pressure from 102+/-13 to 152+/-15 mm Hg and increased the synthesis of ET-1 and the levels of ET-1 mRNA in the mesenteric artery (240% and 230%, respectively). Little change was observed in the expression of ECE-1 mRNA and CNP mRNA. /"FK 506"/ decreased eNOS activity and the levels of eNOS mRNA in the aorta (48% and 55%, respectively). The administration of FR 139317 (10 mg. kg-1. d-1) prevented /"FK 506"/-induced hypertension in rats. These results indicate that /"FK 506"/ may increase blood pressure not only by increasing ET-1 production but also by decreasing NO synthesis in the vasculature. Question: Does chemical /"FK 506"/ induce disease /"nephrotoxicity"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] No. </s>

No

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"organophosphorus (OP) poisons"/ induces disease /"apnea"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: Suxamethonium induced prolonged /"apnea"/ in a patient receiving electroconvulsive therapy. - Abstract: Suxamethonium causes prolonged /"apnea"/ in patients in whom pseudocholinesterase enzyme gets deactivated by /"organophosphorus (OP) poisons"/. Here, we present a similar incident in a severely depressed patient who received electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Prolonged /"apnea"/ in our case ensued because the information about suicidal attempt by /"OP compound"/ was concealed from the treating team. Question: Does chemical /"organophosphorus (OP) poisons"/ induce disease /"apnea"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] Yes. </s>

Yes

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"Suxamethonium"/ induces disease /"apnea"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: /"Suxamethonium"/ induced prolonged /"apnea"/ in a patient receiving electroconvulsive therapy. - Abstract: /"Suxamethonium"/ causes prolonged /"apnea"/ in patients in whom pseudocholinesterase enzyme gets deactivated by organophosphorus (OP) poisons. Here, we present a similar incident in a severely depressed patient who received electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Prolonged /"apnea"/ in our case ensued because the information about suicidal attempt by OP compound was concealed from the treating team. Question: Does chemical /"Suxamethonium"/ induce disease /"apnea"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] Yes. </s>

Yes

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"Suxamethonium"/ induces disease /"depressed"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: /"Suxamethonium"/ induced prolonged apnea in a patient receiving electroconvulsive therapy. - Abstract: /"Suxamethonium"/ causes prolonged apnea in patients in whom pseudocholinesterase enzyme gets deactivated by organophosphorus (OP) poisons. Here, we present a similar incident in a severely /"depressed"/ patient who received electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Prolonged apnea in our case ensued because the information about suicidal attempt by OP compound was concealed from the treating team. Question: Does chemical /"Suxamethonium"/ induce disease /"depressed"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] No. </s>

No

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"organophosphorus (OP) poisons"/ induces disease /"depressed"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: Suxamethonium induced prolonged apnea in a patient receiving electroconvulsive therapy. - Abstract: Suxamethonium causes prolonged apnea in patients in whom pseudocholinesterase enzyme gets deactivated by /"organophosphorus (OP) poisons"/. Here, we present a similar incident in a severely /"depressed"/ patient who received electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Prolonged apnea in our case ensued because the information about suicidal attempt by /"OP compound"/ was concealed from the treating team. Question: Does chemical /"organophosphorus (OP) poisons"/ induce disease /"depressed"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] No. </s>

No

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor"/ induces disease /"Erectile Dysfunction"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: The effects of the adjunctive bupropion on male sexual dysfunction induced by a /"selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor"/: a double-blind placebo-controlled and randomized study. - Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and efficacy of adjunctive bupropion sustained-release (SR) on male sexual dysfunction (SD) induced by a /"selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor"/ (/"SSRI"/), as SD is a common side-effect of /"SSRIs"/ and the most effective treatments have yet to be determined. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The randomized sample consisted of 234 euthymic men who were receiving some type of /"SSRI"/. The men were randomly assigned to bupropion SR (150 mg twice daily, 117) or placebo (twice daily, 117) for 12 weeks. Efficacy was evaluated using the Clinical Global Impression-Sexual Function (CGI-SF; the primary outcome measure), the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX), and /"Erectile Dysfunction"/ Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS) (secondary outcome measures). Participants were followed biweekly during study period. RESULTS: After 12 weeks of treatment, the mean (sd) scores for CGI-SF were significantly lower, i.e. better, in patients on bupropion SR, at 2.4 (1.2), than in the placebo group, at 3.9 (1.1) (P= 0.01). Men who received bupropion had a significant increase in the total IIEF score (54.4% vs 1.2%; P= 0.003), and in the five different domains of the IIEF. Total ASEX scores were significantly lower, i.e. better, among men who received bupropion than placebo, at 15.5 (4.3) vs 21.5 (4.7) (P= 0.002). The EDITS scores were 67.4 (10.2) for the bupropion and 36.3 (11.7) for the placebo group (P= 0.001). The ASEX score and CGI-SF score were correlated (P= 0.003). In linear regression analyses the CGI-SF score was not affected significantly by the duration of SD, type of /"SSRI"/ used and age. CONCLUSIONS: Bupropion is an effective treatment for male SD induced by /"SSRIs"/. These results provide empirical support for conducting a further study of bupropion. Question: Does chemical /"selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor"/ induce disease /"Erectile Dysfunction"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] Yes. </s>

Yes

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"bupropion"/ induces disease /"Erectile Dysfunction"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: The effects of the adjunctive /"bupropion"/ on male sexual dysfunction induced by a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor: a double-blind placebo-controlled and randomized study. - Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and efficacy of adjunctive /"bupropion"/ sustained-release (SR) on male sexual dysfunction (SD) induced by a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), as SD is a common side-effect of SSRIs and the most effective treatments have yet to be determined. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The randomized sample consisted of 234 euthymic men who were receiving some type of SSRI. The men were randomly assigned to /"bupropion"/ SR (150 mg twice daily, 117) or placebo (twice daily, 117) for 12 weeks. Efficacy was evaluated using the Clinical Global Impression-Sexual Function (CGI-SF; the primary outcome measure), the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX), and /"Erectile Dysfunction"/ Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS) (secondary outcome measures). Participants were followed biweekly during study period. RESULTS: After 12 weeks of treatment, the mean (sd) scores for CGI-SF were significantly lower, i.e. better, in patients on /"bupropion"/ SR, at 2.4 (1.2), than in the placebo group, at 3.9 (1.1) (P= 0.01). Men who received /"bupropion"/ had a significant increase in the total IIEF score (54.4% vs 1.2%; P= 0.003), and in the five different domains of the IIEF. Total ASEX scores were significantly lower, i.e. better, among men who received /"bupropion"/ than placebo, at 15.5 (4.3) vs 21.5 (4.7) (P= 0.002). The EDITS scores were 67.4 (10.2) for the /"bupropion"/ and 36.3 (11.7) for the placebo group (P= 0.001). The ASEX score and CGI-SF score were correlated (P= 0.003). In linear regression analyses the CGI-SF score was not affected significantly by the duration of SD, type of SSRI used and age. CONCLUSIONS: /"Bupropion"/ is an effective treatment for male SD induced by SSRIs. These results provide empirical support for conducting a further study of /"bupropion"/. Question: Does chemical /"bupropion"/ induce disease /"Erectile Dysfunction"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] No. </s>

No

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"hepatitis-B surface antigen"/ induces disease /"hepatitis B"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: Lamivudine for the prevention of /"hepatitis B"/ virus reactivation in /"hepatitis-B surface antigen"/ (/"HBSAG"/) seropositive cancer patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy. - Abstract: /"Hepatitis B"/ virus (HBV) is one of the major causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. Cancer patients who are chronic carriers of HBV have a higher hepatic complication rate while receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy (CT) and this has mainly been attributed to HBV reactivation. In this study, cancer patients who have solid and hematological malignancies with chronic /"HBV infection"/ received the antiviral agent lamivudine prior and during CT compared with historical control group who did not receive lamivudine. The objectives were to assess the efficacy of lamivudine in reducing the incidence of HBV reactivation, and diminishing morbidity and mortality during CT. Two groups were compared in this study. The prophylactic lamivudin group consisted of 37 patients who received prophylactic lamivudine treatment. The historical controls consisted of 50 consecutive patients who underwent CT without prophylactic lamivudine. They were followed up during and for 8 weeks after CT. The outcomes were compared for both groups. Of our control group (n= 50), 21 patients (42%) were established hepatitis. Twelve (24%) of them were evaluated as severe hepatitis. In the prophylactic lamivudine group severe hepatitis were observed only in 1 patient (2.7%) of 37 patients (p < 0.006). Comparison of the mean ALT values revealed significantly higher mean alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values in the control group than the prophylactic lamivudine group; 154:64 (p < 0.32). Our study suggests that prophylactic lamivudine significantly decreases the incidence of HBV reactivation and overall morbidity in cancer patients during and after immunosuppressive therapy. Further studies are needed to determine the most appropriate nucleoside or nucleotide analogue for antiviral prophylaxis during CT and the optimal duration of administration after completion of CT. Question: Does chemical /"hepatitis-B surface antigen"/ induce disease /"hepatitis B"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] Yes. </s>

Yes

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"Lamivudine"/ induces disease /"hepatitis"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: /"Lamivudine"/ for the prevention of hepatitis B virus reactivation in hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBSAG) seropositive cancer patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy. - Abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the major causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. Cancer patients who are chronic carriers of HBV have a higher hepatic complication rate while receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy (CT) and this has mainly been attributed to HBV reactivation. In this study, cancer patients who have solid and hematological malignancies with chronic HBV infection received the antiviral agent /"lamivudine"/ prior and during CT compared with historical control group who did not receive /"lamivudine"/. The objectives were to assess the efficacy of /"lamivudine"/ in reducing the incidence of HBV reactivation, and diminishing morbidity and mortality during CT. Two groups were compared in this study. The prophylactic /"lamivudin"/ group consisted of 37 patients who received prophylactic /"lamivudine"/ treatment. The historical controls consisted of 50 consecutive patients who underwent CT without prophylactic /"lamivudine"/. They were followed up during and for 8 weeks after CT. The outcomes were compared for both groups. Of our control group (n= 50), 21 patients (42%) were established /"hepatitis"/. Twelve (24%) of them were evaluated as severe /"hepatitis"/. In the prophylactic /"lamivudine"/ group severe /"hepatitis"/ were observed only in 1 patient (2.7%) of 37 patients (p < 0.006). Comparison of the mean ALT values revealed significantly higher mean alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values in the control group than the prophylactic /"lamivudine"/ group; 154:64 (p < 0.32). Our study suggests that prophylactic /"lamivudine"/ significantly decreases the incidence of HBV reactivation and overall morbidity in cancer patients during and after immunosuppressive therapy. Further studies are needed to determine the most appropriate nucleoside or nucleotide analogue for antiviral prophylaxis during CT and the optimal duration of administration after completion of CT. Question: Does chemical /"Lamivudine"/ induce disease /"hepatitis"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] No. </s>

No

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"morphine"/ induces disease /"impairment of learning"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: Ginsenoside Rg1 restores the /"impairment of learning"/ induced by chronic /"morphine"/ administration in rats. - Abstract: Rg1, as a ginsenoside extracted from Panax ginseng, could ameliorate spatial /"learning impairment"/. Previous studies have demonstrated that Rg1 might be a useful agent for the prevention and treatment of the adverse effects of /"morphine"/. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Rg1 on /"learning impairment"/ by chronic /"morphine"/ administration and the mechanism responsible for this effect. Male rats were subcutaneously injected with /"morphine"/ (10 mg/kg) twice a day at 12 hour intervals for 10 days, and Rg1 (30 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected 2 hours after the second injection of /"morphine"/ once a day for 10 days. Spatial learning capacity was assessed in the Morris water maze. The results showed that rats treated with /"Morphine"//Rg1 decreased escape latency and increased the time spent in platform quadrant and entering frequency. By implantation of electrodes and electrophysiological recording in vivo, the results showed that Rg1 restored the long-term potentiation (LTP) impaired by /"morphine"/ in both freely moving and anaesthetised rats. The electrophysiological recording in vitro showed that Rg1 restored the LTP in slices from the rats treated with /"morphine"/, but not changed LTP in the slices from normal saline- or /"morphine"//Rg1-treated rats; this restoration could be inhibited by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist MK801. We conclude that Rg1 may significantly improve the spatial learning capacity impaired by chonic /"morphine"/ administration and restore the /"morphine"/-inhibited LTP. This effect is NMDA receptor dependent. Question: Does chemical /"morphine"/ induce disease /"impairment of learning"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] Yes. </s>

Yes

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"N-methyl-D-aspartate"/ induces disease /"impairment of learning"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: Ginsenoside Rg1 restores the /"impairment of learning"/ induced by chronic morphine administration in rats. - Abstract: Rg1, as a ginsenoside extracted from Panax ginseng, could ameliorate spatial /"learning impairment"/. Previous studies have demonstrated that Rg1 might be a useful agent for the prevention and treatment of the adverse effects of morphine. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Rg1 on /"learning impairment"/ by chronic morphine administration and the mechanism responsible for this effect. Male rats were subcutaneously injected with morphine (10 mg/kg) twice a day at 12 hour intervals for 10 days, and Rg1 (30 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected 2 hours after the second injection of morphine once a day for 10 days. Spatial learning capacity was assessed in the Morris water maze. The results showed that rats treated with Morphine/Rg1 decreased escape latency and increased the time spent in platform quadrant and entering frequency. By implantation of electrodes and electrophysiological recording in vivo, the results showed that Rg1 restored the long-term potentiation (LTP) impaired by morphine in both freely moving and anaesthetised rats. The electrophysiological recording in vitro showed that Rg1 restored the LTP in slices from the rats treated with morphine, but not changed LTP in the slices from normal saline- or morphine/Rg1-treated rats; this restoration could be inhibited by /"N-methyl-D-aspartate"/ (/"NMDA"/) receptor antagonist MK801. We conclude that Rg1 may significantly improve the spatial learning capacity impaired by chonic morphine administration and restore the morphine-inhibited LTP. This effect is /"NMDA"/ receptor dependent. Question: Does chemical /"N-methyl-D-aspartate"/ induce disease /"impairment of learning"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] No. </s>

No

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"heparin"/ induces disease /"pain"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: A study on the effect of the duration of subcutaneous /"heparin"/ injection on bruising and /"pain"/. - Abstract: AIM: This study was carried out to determine the effect of injection duration on bruising and /"pain"/ following the administration of the subcutaneous injection of /"heparin"/. BACKGROUND: Although different methods to prevent bruising and /"pain"/ following the subcutaneous injection of /"heparin"/ have been widely studied and described, the effect of injection duration on the occurrence of bruising and /"pain"/ is little documented. DESIGN: This study was designed as within-subject, quasi-experimental research. METHOD: The sample for the study consisted of 50 patients to whom subcutaneous /"heparin"/ was administered. /"Heparin"/ was injected over 10 seconds on the right abdominal site and 30 seconds on the left abdominal site. Injections areas were assessed for the presence of bruising at 48 and 72 hours after each injection. Dimensions of the bruising on the /"heparin"/ applied areas were measured using transparent millimetric measuring paper. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used to measure /"pain"/ intensity and a stop-watch was used to time the /"pain"/ period. Data were analysed using chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon signed ranks tests and correlation. RESULTS: The percentage of bruising occurrence was 64% with the injection of 10 seconds duration and 42% in the 30-second injection. It was determined that the size of the bruising was smaller in the 30-second injection. /"Pain"/ intensity and /"pain"/ period were statistically significantly lower for the 30-second injection than for the 10-second injection. CONCLUSIONS: It was determined that injection duration had an effect on bruising and /"pain"/ following the subcutaneous administration of /"heparin"/. This study should be repeated on a larger sample. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: When administering subcutaneous /"heparin"/ injections, it is important to extend the duration of the injection. Question: Does chemical /"heparin"/ induce disease /"pain"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] Yes. </s>

Yes

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"heparin"/ induces disease /"bruising"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: A study on the effect of the duration of subcutaneous /"heparin"/ injection on /"bruising"/ and pain. - Abstract: AIM: This study was carried out to determine the effect of injection duration on /"bruising"/ and pain following the administration of the subcutaneous injection of /"heparin"/. BACKGROUND: Although different methods to prevent /"bruising"/ and pain following the subcutaneous injection of /"heparin"/ have been widely studied and described, the effect of injection duration on the occurrence of /"bruising"/ and pain is little documented. DESIGN: This study was designed as within-subject, quasi-experimental research. METHOD: The sample for the study consisted of 50 patients to whom subcutaneous /"heparin"/ was administered. /"Heparin"/ was injected over 10 seconds on the right abdominal site and 30 seconds on the left abdominal site. Injections areas were assessed for the presence of /"bruising"/ at 48 and 72 hours after each injection. Dimensions of the /"bruising"/ on the /"heparin"/ applied areas were measured using transparent millimetric measuring paper. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used to measure pain intensity and a stop-watch was used to time the pain period. Data were analysed using chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon signed ranks tests and correlation. RESULTS: The percentage of /"bruising"/ occurrence was 64% with the injection of 10 seconds duration and 42% in the 30-second injection. It was determined that the size of the /"bruising"/ was smaller in the 30-second injection. Pain intensity and pain period were statistically significantly lower for the 30-second injection than for the 10-second injection. CONCLUSIONS: It was determined that injection duration had an effect on /"bruising"/ and pain following the subcutaneous administration of /"heparin"/. This study should be repeated on a larger sample. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: When administering subcutaneous /"heparin"/ injections, it is important to extend the duration of the injection. Question: Does chemical /"heparin"/ induce disease /"bruising"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] Yes. </s>

Yes

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"haloperidol"/ induces disease /"orofacial dyskinesia"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: Acute reserpine and subchronic /"haloperidol"/ treatments change synaptosomal brain glutamate uptake and elicit /"orofacial dyskinesia"/ in rats. - Abstract: Reserpine- and /"haloperidol"/-induced /"orofacial dyskinesia"/ are putative animal models of /"tardive dyskinesia"/ (/"TD"/) whose pathophysiology has been related to free radical generation and oxidative stress. In the present study, the authors induced /"orofacial dyskinesia"/ by acute reserpine and subchronic /"haloperidol"/ administration to rats. Reserpine injection (one dose of 1 mg/kg s.c.) every other day for 3 days caused a significant increase in vacuous chewing, tongue protrusion and duration of facial twitching, compared to the control. /"Haloperidol"/ administration (one dose of 12 mg/kg once a week s.c.) for 4 weeks caused an increase in vacuous chewing, tongue protrusion and duration of facial twitching observed in four weekly evaluations. After the treatments and behavioral observation, glutamate uptake by segments of the brain was analyzed. A decreased glutamate uptake was observed in the subcortical parts of animals treated with reserpine and /"haloperidol"/, compared to the control. Importantly, a decrease in glutamate uptake correlates negatively with an increase in the incidence of /"orofacial diskinesia"/. These results indicate that early changes in glutamate transport may be related to the development of vacuous chewing movements in rats. Question: Does chemical /"haloperidol"/ induce disease /"orofacial dyskinesia"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] Yes. </s>

Yes

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"reserpine"/ induces disease /"orofacial dyskinesia"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: Acute /"reserpine"/ and subchronic haloperidol treatments change synaptosomal brain glutamate uptake and elicit /"orofacial dyskinesia"/ in rats. - Abstract: /"Reserpine"/- and haloperidol-induced /"orofacial dyskinesia"/ are putative animal models of /"tardive dyskinesia"/ (/"TD"/) whose pathophysiology has been related to free radical generation and oxidative stress. In the present study, the authors induced /"orofacial dyskinesia"/ by acute /"reserpine"/ and subchronic haloperidol administration to rats. /"Reserpine"/ injection (one dose of 1 mg/kg s.c.) every other day for 3 days caused a significant increase in vacuous chewing, tongue protrusion and duration of facial twitching, compared to the control. Haloperidol administration (one dose of 12 mg/kg once a week s.c.) for 4 weeks caused an increase in vacuous chewing, tongue protrusion and duration of facial twitching observed in four weekly evaluations. After the treatments and behavioral observation, glutamate uptake by segments of the brain was analyzed. A decreased glutamate uptake was observed in the subcortical parts of animals treated with /"reserpine"/ and haloperidol, compared to the control. Importantly, a decrease in glutamate uptake correlates negatively with an increase in the incidence of /"orofacial diskinesia"/. These results indicate that early changes in glutamate transport may be related to the development of vacuous chewing movements in rats. Question: Does chemical /"reserpine"/ induce disease /"orofacial dyskinesia"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] Yes. </s>

Yes

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"glutamate"/ induces disease /"orofacial dyskinesia"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: Acute reserpine and subchronic haloperidol treatments change synaptosomal brain /"glutamate"/ uptake and elicit /"orofacial dyskinesia"/ in rats. - Abstract: Reserpine- and haloperidol-induced /"orofacial dyskinesia"/ are putative animal models of /"tardive dyskinesia"/ (/"TD"/) whose pathophysiology has been related to free radical generation and oxidative stress. In the present study, the authors induced /"orofacial dyskinesia"/ by acute reserpine and subchronic haloperidol administration to rats. Reserpine injection (one dose of 1 mg/kg s.c.) every other day for 3 days caused a significant increase in vacuous chewing, tongue protrusion and duration of facial twitching, compared to the control. Haloperidol administration (one dose of 12 mg/kg once a week s.c.) for 4 weeks caused an increase in vacuous chewing, tongue protrusion and duration of facial twitching observed in four weekly evaluations. After the treatments and behavioral observation, /"glutamate"/ uptake by segments of the brain was analyzed. A decreased /"glutamate"/ uptake was observed in the subcortical parts of animals treated with reserpine and haloperidol, compared to the control. Importantly, a decrease in /"glutamate"/ uptake correlates negatively with an increase in the incidence of /"orofacial diskinesia"/. These results indicate that early changes in /"glutamate"/ transport may be related to the development of vacuous chewing movements in rats. Question: Does chemical /"glutamate"/ induce disease /"orofacial dyskinesia"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] No. </s>

No

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"phenytoin"/ induces disease /"Acute psychosis"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: /"Acute psychosis"/ due to treatment with /"phenytoin"/ in a nonepileptic patient. - Abstract: The development of /"psychosis"/ related to antiepileptic drug treatment is usually attributed to the interaction between the epileptic brain substratum and the antiepileptic drugs. The case of a nonepileptic patient who developed /"psychosis"/ following /"phenytoin"/ treatment for trigeminal neuralgia is described. This case suggests that the /"psychotic symptoms"/ that occur following /"phenytoin"/ treatment in some epileptic patients may be the direct result of medication, unrelated to seizures. Question: Does chemical /"phenytoin"/ induce disease /"Acute psychosis"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] Yes. </s>

Yes

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"phenytoin"/ induces disease /"trigeminal neuralgia"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: Acute psychosis due to treatment with /"phenytoin"/ in a nonepileptic patient. - Abstract: The development of psychosis related to antiepileptic drug treatment is usually attributed to the interaction between the epileptic brain substratum and the antiepileptic drugs. The case of a nonepileptic patient who developed psychosis following /"phenytoin"/ treatment for /"trigeminal neuralgia"/ is described. This case suggests that the psychotic symptoms that occur following /"phenytoin"/ treatment in some epileptic patients may be the direct result of medication, unrelated to seizures. Question: Does chemical /"phenytoin"/ induce disease /"trigeminal neuralgia"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] No. </s>

No

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"gentamicin"/ induces disease /"acute renal failure"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: The effect of treatment with gum Arabic on /"gentamicin"/ nephrotoxicity in rats: a preliminary study. - Abstract: In the present work we assessed the effect of treatment of rats with gum Arabic on /"acute renal failure"/ induced by /"gentamicin"/ (/"GM"/) nephrotoxicity. Rats were treated with the vehicle (2 mL/kg of distilled water and 5% w/v cellulose, 10 days), gum Arabic (2 mL/kg of a 10% w/v aqueous suspension of gum Arabic powder, orally for 10 days), or gum Arabic concomitantly with /"GM"/ (80mg/kg/day intramuscularly, during the last six days of the treatment period). Nephrotoxicity was assessed by measuring the concentrations of creatinine and urea in the plasma and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the kidney cortex, and by light microscopic examination of kidney sections. The results indicated that concomitant treatment with gum Arabic and /"GM"/ significantly increased creatinine and urea by about 183 and 239%, respectively (compared to 432 and 346%, respectively, in rats treated with cellulose and /"GM"/), and decreased that of cortical GSH by 21% (compared to 27% in the cellulose plus /"GM"/ group) The /"GM"/-induced proximal tubular necrosis appeared to be slightly less severe in rats given /"GM"/ together with gum Arabic than in those given /"GM"/ and cellulose. It could be inferred that gum Arabic treatment has induced a modest amelioration of some of the histological and biochemical indices of /"GM"/ nephrotoxicity. Further work is warranted on the effect of the treatments on renal functional aspects in models of chronic renal failure, and on the mechanism(s) involved. Question: Does chemical /"gentamicin"/ induce disease /"acute renal failure"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] Yes. </s>

Yes

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"gum Arabic"/ induces disease /"acute renal failure"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: The effect of treatment with /"gum Arabic"/ on gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats: a preliminary study. - Abstract: In the present work we assessed the effect of treatment of rats with /"gum Arabic"/ on /"acute renal failure"/ induced by gentamicin (GM) nephrotoxicity. Rats were treated with the vehicle (2 mL/kg of distilled water and 5% w/v cellulose, 10 days), /"gum Arabic"/ (2 mL/kg of a 10% w/v aqueous suspension of /"gum Arabic"/ powder, orally for 10 days), or /"gum Arabic"/ concomitantly with GM (80mg/kg/day intramuscularly, during the last six days of the treatment period). Nephrotoxicity was assessed by measuring the concentrations of creatinine and urea in the plasma and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the kidney cortex, and by light microscopic examination of kidney sections. The results indicated that concomitant treatment with /"gum Arabic"/ and GM significantly increased creatinine and urea by about 183 and 239%, respectively (compared to 432 and 346%, respectively, in rats treated with cellulose and GM), and decreased that of cortical GSH by 21% (compared to 27% in the cellulose plus GM group) The GM-induced proximal tubular necrosis appeared to be slightly less severe in rats given GM together with /"gum Arabic"/ than in those given GM and cellulose. It could be inferred that /"gum Arabic"/ treatment has induced a modest amelioration of some of the histological and biochemical indices of GM nephrotoxicity. Further work is warranted on the effect of the treatments on renal functional aspects in models of chronic renal failure, and on the mechanism(s) involved. Question: Does chemical /"gum Arabic"/ induce disease /"acute renal failure"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] Yes. </s>

Yes

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"creatinine"/ induces disease /"tubular necrosis"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: The effect of treatment with gum Arabic on gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats: a preliminary study. - Abstract: In the present work we assessed the effect of treatment of rats with gum Arabic on acute renal failure induced by gentamicin (GM) nephrotoxicity. Rats were treated with the vehicle (2 mL/kg of distilled water and 5% w/v cellulose, 10 days), gum Arabic (2 mL/kg of a 10% w/v aqueous suspension of gum Arabic powder, orally for 10 days), or gum Arabic concomitantly with GM (80mg/kg/day intramuscularly, during the last six days of the treatment period). Nephrotoxicity was assessed by measuring the concentrations of /"creatinine"/ and urea in the plasma and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the kidney cortex, and by light microscopic examination of kidney sections. The results indicated that concomitant treatment with gum Arabic and GM significantly increased /"creatinine"/ and urea by about 183 and 239%, respectively (compared to 432 and 346%, respectively, in rats treated with cellulose and GM), and decreased that of cortical GSH by 21% (compared to 27% in the cellulose plus GM group) The GM-induced proximal /"tubular necrosis"/ appeared to be slightly less severe in rats given GM together with gum Arabic than in those given GM and cellulose. It could be inferred that gum Arabic treatment has induced a modest amelioration of some of the histological and biochemical indices of GM nephrotoxicity. Further work is warranted on the effect of the treatments on renal functional aspects in models of chronic renal failure, and on the mechanism(s) involved. Question: Does chemical /"creatinine"/ induce disease /"tubular necrosis"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] No. </s>

No

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"gentamicin"/ induces disease /"chronic renal failure"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: The effect of treatment with gum Arabic on /"gentamicin"/ nephrotoxicity in rats: a preliminary study. - Abstract: In the present work we assessed the effect of treatment of rats with gum Arabic on acute renal failure induced by /"gentamicin"/ (/"GM"/) nephrotoxicity. Rats were treated with the vehicle (2 mL/kg of distilled water and 5% w/v cellulose, 10 days), gum Arabic (2 mL/kg of a 10% w/v aqueous suspension of gum Arabic powder, orally for 10 days), or gum Arabic concomitantly with /"GM"/ (80mg/kg/day intramuscularly, during the last six days of the treatment period). Nephrotoxicity was assessed by measuring the concentrations of creatinine and urea in the plasma and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the kidney cortex, and by light microscopic examination of kidney sections. The results indicated that concomitant treatment with gum Arabic and /"GM"/ significantly increased creatinine and urea by about 183 and 239%, respectively (compared to 432 and 346%, respectively, in rats treated with cellulose and /"GM"/), and decreased that of cortical GSH by 21% (compared to 27% in the cellulose plus /"GM"/ group) The /"GM"/-induced proximal tubular necrosis appeared to be slightly less severe in rats given /"GM"/ together with gum Arabic than in those given /"GM"/ and cellulose. It could be inferred that gum Arabic treatment has induced a modest amelioration of some of the histological and biochemical indices of /"GM"/ nephrotoxicity. Further work is warranted on the effect of the treatments on renal functional aspects in models of /"chronic renal failure"/, and on the mechanism(s) involved. Question: Does chemical /"gentamicin"/ induce disease /"chronic renal failure"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] No. </s>

No

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"zonisamide"/ induces disease /"Visual hallucinations"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: /"Visual hallucinations"/ associated with /"zonisamide"/. - Abstract: /"Zonisamide"/ is a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug used to treat various types of seizures. Although /"visual hallucinations"/ have not been reported as an adverse effect of this agent, we describe three patients who experienced complex /"visual hallucinations"/ and altered mental status after /"zonisamide"/ treatment was begun or its dosage increased. All three had been diagnosed earlier with epilepsy, and their electroencephalogram (EEG) findings were abnormal. During monitoring, /"visual hallucinations"/ did not correlate with EEG readings, nor did video recording capture any of the described events. None of the patients had experienced /"visual hallucinations"/ before this event. The only recent change in their treatment was the introduction or increased dosage of /"zonisamide"/. With either discontinuation or decreased dosage of the drug the symptoms disappeared and did not recur. Further observations and reports will help clarify this adverse effect. Until then, clinicians need to be aware of this possible complication associated with /"zonisamide"/. Question: Does chemical /"zonisamide"/ induce disease /"Visual hallucinations"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] Yes. </s>

Yes

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"zonisamide"/ induces disease /"seizures"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: Visual hallucinations associated with /"zonisamide"/. - Abstract: /"Zonisamide"/ is a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug used to treat various types of /"seizures"/. Although visual hallucinations have not been reported as an adverse effect of this agent, we describe three patients who experienced complex visual hallucinations and altered mental status after /"zonisamide"/ treatment was begun or its dosage increased. All three had been diagnosed earlier with epilepsy, and their electroencephalogram (EEG) findings were abnormal. During monitoring, visual hallucinations did not correlate with EEG readings, nor did video recording capture any of the described events. None of the patients had experienced visual hallucinations before this event. The only recent change in their treatment was the introduction or increased dosage of /"zonisamide"/. With either discontinuation or decreased dosage of the drug the symptoms disappeared and did not recur. Further observations and reports will help clarify this adverse effect. Until then, clinicians need to be aware of this possible complication associated with /"zonisamide"/. Question: Does chemical /"zonisamide"/ induce disease /"seizures"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] No. </s>

No

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"PAN"/ induces disease /"proteinuria"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: GLEPP1 receptor tyrosine phosphatase (Ptpro) in rat /"PAN"/ nephrosis. A marker of acute podocyte injury. - Abstract: Glomerular epithelial protein 1 (GLEPP1) is a podocyte receptor membrane protein tyrosine phosphatase located on the apical cell membrane of visceral glomerular epithelial cell and foot processes. This receptor plays a role in regulating the structure and function of podocyte foot process. To better understand the utility of GLEPP1 as a marker of glomerular injury, the amount and distribution of GLEPP1 protein and mRNA were examined by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and RNase protection assay in a model of podocyte injury in the rat. /"Puromycin aminonucleoside"/ nephrosis was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of /"puromycin aminonucleoside"/ (/"PAN"/, 20 mg/100g BW). Tissues were analyzed at 0, 5, 7, 11, 21, 45, 80 and 126 days after /"PAN"/ injection so as to include both the acute phase of /"proteinuria"/ associated with foot process effacement (days 5-11) and the chronic phase of /"proteinuria"/ associated with glomerulosclerosis (days 45-126). At day 5, GLEPP1 protein and mRNA were reduced from the normal range (265.2 +/- 79.6 x 10(6) moles/glomerulus and 100%) to 15% of normal (41.8 +/- 4.8 x 10(6) moles/glomerulus, p < 0.005). This occurred in association with an increase in urinary protein content from 1.8 +/- 1 to 99.0 +/- 61 mg/day (p < 0.001). In contrast, podocalyxin did not change significantly at this time. By day 11, GLEPP1 protein and mRNA had begun to return towards baseline. By day 45-126, at a time when glomerular scarring was present, GLEPP1 was absent from glomerulosclerotic areas although the total glomerular content of GLEPP1 was not different from normal. We conclude that GLEPP1 expression, unlike podocalyxin, reflects podocyte injury induced by /"PAN"/. GLEPP1 expression may be a useful marker of podocyte injury. Question: Does chemical /"PAN"/ induce disease /"proteinuria"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] Yes. </s>

Yes

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"PAN"/ induces disease /"nephrosis"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: GLEPP1 receptor tyrosine phosphatase (Ptpro) in rat /"PAN"/ /"nephrosis"/. A marker of acute podocyte injury. - Abstract: Glomerular epithelial protein 1 (GLEPP1) is a podocyte receptor membrane protein tyrosine phosphatase located on the apical cell membrane of visceral glomerular epithelial cell and foot processes. This receptor plays a role in regulating the structure and function of podocyte foot process. To better understand the utility of GLEPP1 as a marker of glomerular injury, the amount and distribution of GLEPP1 protein and mRNA were examined by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and RNase protection assay in a model of podocyte injury in the rat. /"Puromycin aminonucleoside"/ /"nephrosis"/ was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of /"puromycin aminonucleoside"/ (/"PAN"/, 20 mg/100g BW). Tissues were analyzed at 0, 5, 7, 11, 21, 45, 80 and 126 days after /"PAN"/ injection so as to include both the acute phase of proteinuria associated with foot process effacement (days 5-11) and the chronic phase of proteinuria associated with glomerulosclerosis (days 45-126). At day 5, GLEPP1 protein and mRNA were reduced from the normal range (265.2 +/- 79.6 x 10(6) moles/glomerulus and 100%) to 15% of normal (41.8 +/- 4.8 x 10(6) moles/glomerulus, p < 0.005). This occurred in association with an increase in urinary protein content from 1.8 +/- 1 to 99.0 +/- 61 mg/day (p < 0.001). In contrast, podocalyxin did not change significantly at this time. By day 11, GLEPP1 protein and mRNA had begun to return towards baseline. By day 45-126, at a time when glomerular scarring was present, GLEPP1 was absent from glomerulosclerotic areas although the total glomerular content of GLEPP1 was not different from normal. We conclude that GLEPP1 expression, unlike podocalyxin, reflects podocyte injury induced by /"PAN"/. GLEPP1 expression may be a useful marker of podocyte injury. Question: Does chemical /"PAN"/ induce disease /"nephrosis"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] Yes. </s>

Yes

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"tyrosine"/ induces disease /"glomerular injury"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: GLEPP1 receptor /"tyrosine"/ phosphatase (Ptpro) in rat PAN nephrosis. A marker of acute podocyte injury. - Abstract: Glomerular epithelial protein 1 (GLEPP1) is a podocyte receptor membrane protein /"tyrosine"/ phosphatase located on the apical cell membrane of visceral glomerular epithelial cell and foot processes. This receptor plays a role in regulating the structure and function of podocyte foot process. To better understand the utility of GLEPP1 as a marker of /"glomerular injury"/, the amount and distribution of GLEPP1 protein and mRNA were examined by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and RNase protection assay in a model of podocyte injury in the rat. Puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN, 20 mg/100g BW). Tissues were analyzed at 0, 5, 7, 11, 21, 45, 80 and 126 days after PAN injection so as to include both the acute phase of proteinuria associated with foot process effacement (days 5-11) and the chronic phase of proteinuria associated with glomerulosclerosis (days 45-126). At day 5, GLEPP1 protein and mRNA were reduced from the normal range (265.2 +/- 79.6 x 10(6) moles/glomerulus and 100%) to 15% of normal (41.8 +/- 4.8 x 10(6) moles/glomerulus, p < 0.005). This occurred in association with an increase in urinary protein content from 1.8 +/- 1 to 99.0 +/- 61 mg/day (p < 0.001). In contrast, podocalyxin did not change significantly at this time. By day 11, GLEPP1 protein and mRNA had begun to return towards baseline. By day 45-126, at a time when glomerular scarring was present, GLEPP1 was absent from glomerulosclerotic areas although the total glomerular content of GLEPP1 was not different from normal. We conclude that GLEPP1 expression, unlike podocalyxin, reflects podocyte injury induced by PAN. GLEPP1 expression may be a useful marker of podocyte injury. Question: Does chemical /"tyrosine"/ induce disease /"glomerular injury"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] No. </s>

No

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"tyrosine"/ induces disease /"nephrosis"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: GLEPP1 receptor /"tyrosine"/ phosphatase (Ptpro) in rat PAN /"nephrosis"/. A marker of acute podocyte injury. - Abstract: Glomerular epithelial protein 1 (GLEPP1) is a podocyte receptor membrane protein /"tyrosine"/ phosphatase located on the apical cell membrane of visceral glomerular epithelial cell and foot processes. This receptor plays a role in regulating the structure and function of podocyte foot process. To better understand the utility of GLEPP1 as a marker of glomerular injury, the amount and distribution of GLEPP1 protein and mRNA were examined by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and RNase protection assay in a model of podocyte injury in the rat. Puromycin aminonucleoside /"nephrosis"/ was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN, 20 mg/100g BW). Tissues were analyzed at 0, 5, 7, 11, 21, 45, 80 and 126 days after PAN injection so as to include both the acute phase of proteinuria associated with foot process effacement (days 5-11) and the chronic phase of proteinuria associated with glomerulosclerosis (days 45-126). At day 5, GLEPP1 protein and mRNA were reduced from the normal range (265.2 +/- 79.6 x 10(6) moles/glomerulus and 100%) to 15% of normal (41.8 +/- 4.8 x 10(6) moles/glomerulus, p < 0.005). This occurred in association with an increase in urinary protein content from 1.8 +/- 1 to 99.0 +/- 61 mg/day (p < 0.001). In contrast, podocalyxin did not change significantly at this time. By day 11, GLEPP1 protein and mRNA had begun to return towards baseline. By day 45-126, at a time when glomerular scarring was present, GLEPP1 was absent from glomerulosclerotic areas although the total glomerular content of GLEPP1 was not different from normal. We conclude that GLEPP1 expression, unlike podocalyxin, reflects podocyte injury induced by PAN. GLEPP1 expression may be a useful marker of podocyte injury. Question: Does chemical /"tyrosine"/ induce disease /"nephrosis"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] No. </s>

No

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"Ticlopidine"/ induces disease /"aplastic anemia"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: /"Ticlopidine"/-induced /"aplastic anemia"/: report of three Chinese patients and review of the literature. - Abstract: In this study, three Chinese patients with /"ticlopidine"/-induced /"aplastic anemia"/ were reported and another 13 patients in the English literature were reviewed. We attempted to find underlying similarities, evaluate the risk factors, and identify appropriate treatment for this complication. All but one of the patients were over 60 years old, and the 6 who died were all older than 65. Therefore, old age may be a risk factor for developing this complication. Agranulocytosis occurred 3-20 weeks after initiation of /"ticlopidine"/, so frequent examination of white cell count during treatment is recommended. There seemed to be no direct correlation between the dose or duration used and the severity of bone marrow suppression. Treatment for /"ticlopidine"/-induced /"aplastic anemia"/ with colony-stimulating factors seemed to have little effect. The fact that 5 of the 6 patients who received concurrent calcium channel blockers died, should alert clinicians to be more cautious when using these two drugs simultaneously. Question: Does chemical /"Ticlopidine"/ induce disease /"aplastic anemia"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] Yes. </s>

Yes

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"Ticlopidine"/ induces disease /"Agranulocytosis"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: /"Ticlopidine"/-induced aplastic anemia: report of three Chinese patients and review of the literature. - Abstract: In this study, three Chinese patients with /"ticlopidine"/-induced aplastic anemia were reported and another 13 patients in the English literature were reviewed. We attempted to find underlying similarities, evaluate the risk factors, and identify appropriate treatment for this complication. All but one of the patients were over 60 years old, and the 6 who died were all older than 65. Therefore, old age may be a risk factor for developing this complication. /"Agranulocytosis"/ occurred 3-20 weeks after initiation of /"ticlopidine"/, so frequent examination of white cell count during treatment is recommended. There seemed to be no direct correlation between the dose or duration used and the severity of bone marrow suppression. Treatment for /"ticlopidine"/-induced aplastic anemia with colony-stimulating factors seemed to have little effect. The fact that 5 of the 6 patients who received concurrent calcium channel blockers died, should alert clinicians to be more cautious when using these two drugs simultaneously. Question: Does chemical /"Ticlopidine"/ induce disease /"Agranulocytosis"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] Yes. </s>

Yes

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"calcium"/ induces disease /"Agranulocytosis"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: Ticlopidine-induced aplastic anemia: report of three Chinese patients and review of the literature. - Abstract: In this study, three Chinese patients with ticlopidine-induced aplastic anemia were reported and another 13 patients in the English literature were reviewed. We attempted to find underlying similarities, evaluate the risk factors, and identify appropriate treatment for this complication. All but one of the patients were over 60 years old, and the 6 who died were all older than 65. Therefore, old age may be a risk factor for developing this complication. /"Agranulocytosis"/ occurred 3-20 weeks after initiation of ticlopidine, so frequent examination of white cell count during treatment is recommended. There seemed to be no direct correlation between the dose or duration used and the severity of bone marrow suppression. Treatment for ticlopidine-induced aplastic anemia with colony-stimulating factors seemed to have little effect. The fact that 5 of the 6 patients who received concurrent /"calcium"/ channel blockers died, should alert clinicians to be more cautious when using these two drugs simultaneously. Question: Does chemical /"calcium"/ induce disease /"Agranulocytosis"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] No. </s>

No

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"Ticlopidine"/ induces disease /"bone marrow suppression"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: /"Ticlopidine"/-induced aplastic anemia: report of three Chinese patients and review of the literature. - Abstract: In this study, three Chinese patients with /"ticlopidine"/-induced aplastic anemia were reported and another 13 patients in the English literature were reviewed. We attempted to find underlying similarities, evaluate the risk factors, and identify appropriate treatment for this complication. All but one of the patients were over 60 years old, and the 6 who died were all older than 65. Therefore, old age may be a risk factor for developing this complication. Agranulocytosis occurred 3-20 weeks after initiation of /"ticlopidine"/, so frequent examination of white cell count during treatment is recommended. There seemed to be no direct correlation between the dose or duration used and the severity of /"bone marrow suppression"/. Treatment for /"ticlopidine"/-induced aplastic anemia with colony-stimulating factors seemed to have little effect. The fact that 5 of the 6 patients who received concurrent calcium channel blockers died, should alert clinicians to be more cautious when using these two drugs simultaneously. Question: Does chemical /"Ticlopidine"/ induce disease /"bone marrow suppression"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] No. </s>

No

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"scopolamine"/ induces disease /"Amnesia"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: Facilitation of memory retrieval by pre-test morphine and its state dependency in the step-through type passive avoidance learning test in mice. - Abstract: /"Amnesia"/ produced by /"scopolamine"/ and cycloheximide were reversed by morphine given 30 min before the test trial (pre-test), and pre-test morphine also facilitated the memory retrieval in the animals administered naloxone during the training trial. Similarly, pre-test /"scopolamine"/ partially reversed the /"scopolamine"/-induced /"amnesia"/, but not significantly; and pre-test cycloheximide failed to reverse the cycloheximide-induced /"amnesia"/. These results suggest that the facilitation of memory retrieval by pre-test morphine might be the direct action of morphine rather than a state dependent effect. Question: Does chemical /"scopolamine"/ induce disease /"Amnesia"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] Yes. </s>

Yes

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"cycloheximide"/ induces disease /"Amnesia"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: Facilitation of memory retrieval by pre-test morphine and its state dependency in the step-through type passive avoidance learning test in mice. - Abstract: /"Amnesia"/ produced by scopolamine and /"cycloheximide"/ were reversed by morphine given 30 min before the test trial (pre-test), and pre-test morphine also facilitated the memory retrieval in the animals administered naloxone during the training trial. Similarly, pre-test scopolamine partially reversed the scopolamine-induced /"amnesia"/, but not significantly; and pre-test /"cycloheximide"/ failed to reverse the /"cycloheximide"/-induced /"amnesia"/. These results suggest that the facilitation of memory retrieval by pre-test morphine might be the direct action of morphine rather than a state dependent effect. Question: Does chemical /"cycloheximide"/ induce disease /"Amnesia"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] Yes. </s>

Yes

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"morphine"/ induces disease /"Amnesia"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: Facilitation of memory retrieval by pre-test /"morphine"/ and its state dependency in the step-through type passive avoidance learning test in mice. - Abstract: /"Amnesia"/ produced by scopolamine and cycloheximide were reversed by /"morphine"/ given 30 min before the test trial (pre-test), and pre-test /"morphine"/ also facilitated the memory retrieval in the animals administered naloxone during the training trial. Similarly, pre-test scopolamine partially reversed the scopolamine-induced /"amnesia"/, but not significantly; and pre-test cycloheximide failed to reverse the cycloheximide-induced /"amnesia"/. These results suggest that the facilitation of memory retrieval by pre-test /"morphine"/ might be the direct action of /"morphine"/ rather than a state dependent effect. Question: Does chemical /"morphine"/ induce disease /"Amnesia"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] No. </s>

No

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"naloxone"/ induces disease /"Amnesia"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: Facilitation of memory retrieval by pre-test morphine and its state dependency in the step-through type passive avoidance learning test in mice. - Abstract: /"Amnesia"/ produced by scopolamine and cycloheximide were reversed by morphine given 30 min before the test trial (pre-test), and pre-test morphine also facilitated the memory retrieval in the animals administered /"naloxone"/ during the training trial. Similarly, pre-test scopolamine partially reversed the scopolamine-induced /"amnesia"/, but not significantly; and pre-test cycloheximide failed to reverse the cycloheximide-induced /"amnesia"/. These results suggest that the facilitation of memory retrieval by pre-test morphine might be the direct action of morphine rather than a state dependent effect. Question: Does chemical /"naloxone"/ induce disease /"Amnesia"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] No. </s>

No

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"Apomorphine"/ induces disease /"hypothermia"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: Test conditions influence the response to a drug challenge in rodents. - Abstract: These studies were conducted to examine the differential response to a drug challenge under varied experimental test conditions routinely employed to study drug-induced behavioral and neurophysiological responses in rodents. /"Apomorphine"/, a nonselective dopamine agonist, was selected due to its biphasic behavioral effects, its ability to induce /"hypothermia"/, and to produce distinct changes to dopamine turnover in the rodent brain. From such experiments there is evidence that characterization and detection of /"apomorphine"/-induced activity in rodents critically depends upon the test conditions employed. In rats, detection of /"apomorphine"/-induced hyperactivity was facilitated by a period of acclimatization to the test conditions. Moreover, test conditions can impact upon other physiological responses to /"apomorphine"/ such as drug-induced /"hypothermia"/. In mice, /"apomorphine"/ produced qualitatively different responses under novel conditions when compared to those behaviors elicited in the home test cage. Drug-induced gross activity counts were increased in the novel exploratory box only, while measures of stereotypic behavior were similar in both. By contrast, /"apomorphine"/-induced locomotion was more prominent in the novel exploratory box. Dopamine turnover ratios (DOPAC:DA and HVA:DA) were found to be lower in those animals exposed to the exploratory box when compared to their home cage counterparts. However, /"apomorphine"/-induced reductions in striatal dopamine turnover were detected in both novel and home cage environments. The implications of these findings are discussed with particular emphasis upon conducting psychopharmacological challenge tests in rodents. Question: Does chemical /"Apomorphine"/ induce disease /"hypothermia"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] Yes. </s>

Yes

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"Apomorphine"/ induces disease /"hyperactivity"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: Test conditions influence the response to a drug challenge in rodents. - Abstract: These studies were conducted to examine the differential response to a drug challenge under varied experimental test conditions routinely employed to study drug-induced behavioral and neurophysiological responses in rodents. /"Apomorphine"/, a nonselective dopamine agonist, was selected due to its biphasic behavioral effects, its ability to induce hypothermia, and to produce distinct changes to dopamine turnover in the rodent brain. From such experiments there is evidence that characterization and detection of /"apomorphine"/-induced activity in rodents critically depends upon the test conditions employed. In rats, detection of /"apomorphine"/-induced /"hyperactivity"/ was facilitated by a period of acclimatization to the test conditions. Moreover, test conditions can impact upon other physiological responses to /"apomorphine"/ such as drug-induced hypothermia. In mice, /"apomorphine"/ produced qualitatively different responses under novel conditions when compared to those behaviors elicited in the home test cage. Drug-induced gross activity counts were increased in the novel exploratory box only, while measures of stereotypic behavior were similar in both. By contrast, /"apomorphine"/-induced locomotion was more prominent in the novel exploratory box. Dopamine turnover ratios (DOPAC:DA and HVA:DA) were found to be lower in those animals exposed to the exploratory box when compared to their home cage counterparts. However, /"apomorphine"/-induced reductions in striatal dopamine turnover were detected in both novel and home cage environments. The implications of these findings are discussed with particular emphasis upon conducting psychopharmacological challenge tests in rodents. Question: Does chemical /"Apomorphine"/ induce disease /"hyperactivity"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] Yes. </s>

Yes

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"dopamine"/ induces disease /"hypothermia"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: Test conditions influence the response to a drug challenge in rodents. - Abstract: These studies were conducted to examine the differential response to a drug challenge under varied experimental test conditions routinely employed to study drug-induced behavioral and neurophysiological responses in rodents. Apomorphine, a nonselective dopamine agonist, was selected due to its biphasic behavioral effects, its ability to induce /"hypothermia"/, and to produce distinct changes to /"dopamine"/ turnover in the rodent brain. From such experiments there is evidence that characterization and detection of apomorphine-induced activity in rodents critically depends upon the test conditions employed. In rats, detection of apomorphine-induced hyperactivity was facilitated by a period of acclimatization to the test conditions. Moreover, test conditions can impact upon other physiological responses to apomorphine such as drug-induced /"hypothermia"/. In mice, apomorphine produced qualitatively different responses under novel conditions when compared to those behaviors elicited in the home test cage. Drug-induced gross activity counts were increased in the novel exploratory box only, while measures of stereotypic behavior were similar in both. By contrast, apomorphine-induced locomotion was more prominent in the novel exploratory box. /"Dopamine"/ turnover ratios (DOPAC:DA and HVA:DA) were found to be lower in those animals exposed to the exploratory box when compared to their home cage counterparts. However, apomorphine-induced reductions in striatal /"dopamine"/ turnover were detected in both novel and home cage environments. The implications of these findings are discussed with particular emphasis upon conducting psychopharmacological challenge tests in rodents. Question: Does chemical /"dopamine"/ induce disease /"hypothermia"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] No. </s>

No

<s> [INST] <<SYS>> Your task is to analyse the following medical article to determine whether chemical /"DOPAC"/ induces disease /"hypothermia"/. You only need to answer Yes or No, nothing else. <</SYS>> - Title: Test conditions influence the response to a drug challenge in rodents. - Abstract: These studies were conducted to examine the differential response to a drug challenge under varied experimental test conditions routinely employed to study drug-induced behavioral and neurophysiological responses in rodents. Apomorphine, a nonselective dopamine agonist, was selected due to its biphasic behavioral effects, its ability to induce /"hypothermia"/, and to produce distinct changes to dopamine turnover in the rodent brain. From such experiments there is evidence that characterization and detection of apomorphine-induced activity in rodents critically depends upon the test conditions employed. In rats, detection of apomorphine-induced hyperactivity was facilitated by a period of acclimatization to the test conditions. Moreover, test conditions can impact upon other physiological responses to apomorphine such as drug-induced /"hypothermia"/. In mice, apomorphine produced qualitatively different responses under novel conditions when compared to those behaviors elicited in the home test cage. Drug-induced gross activity counts were increased in the novel exploratory box only, while measures of stereotypic behavior were similar in both. By contrast, apomorphine-induced locomotion was more prominent in the novel exploratory box. Dopamine turnover ratios (/"DOPAC"/:DA and HVA:DA) were found to be lower in those animals exposed to the exploratory box when compared to their home cage counterparts. However, apomorphine-induced reductions in striatal dopamine turnover were detected in both novel and home cage environments. The implications of these findings are discussed with particular emphasis upon conducting psychopharmacological challenge tests in rodents. Question: Does chemical /"DOPAC"/ induce disease /"hypothermia"/ according to this article? Respond with "Yes" or "No" only. [/INST] No. </s>

No