Issue 1:
Testcase:

#![feature(associated_types)]
#![crate_type="lib"]

pub trait Test {
type Node;
type Iter: Iterator<Item=Self::Node>;
}

ICE:

error: internal compiler error: unexpected panic
note: the compiler unexpectedly panicked. this is a bug.
note: we would appreciate a bug report: http://doc.rust-lang.org/complement-bugreport.html
note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` for a backtrace
thread 'rustc' panicked at 'assertion failed: did.krate != ast::LOCAL_CRATE', /home/rustbuild/src/rust-buildbot/slave/nightly-dist-rustc-linux/build/src/librustc/middle/ty.rs:5429

stack backtrace:
1: 0x7fcf3fdbc2d0 - sys::backtrace::write::h8532e701ef86014f4it
2: 0x7fcf3fde1b00 - failure::on_fail::h7532e1f79d134d5dzvz
3: 0x7fcf3fd471c0 - rt::unwind::begin_unwind_inner::h97b151606151d62deaz
4: 0x7fcf3dd889e0 - rt::unwind::begin_unwind::h51822373508492588
5: 0x7fcf3e1254a0 - middle::ty::lookup_trait_def::h03e4deaeef63a30dbJ8
6: 0x7fcf3f42fa00 - astconv::trait_defines_associated_type_named::had5db55e34b01255d8r
7: 0x7fcf3f43ecf0 - astconv::associated_path_def_to_ty::hc84b3dad34a6beb7y3r
8: 0x7fcf3f510a70 - astconv::ast_ty_to_ty::unboxed_closure.36573
9: 0x7fcf3f50ff00 - astconv::ast_ty_to_ty::h9742186571356203849
10: 0x7fcf3f52cc20 - vec::Vec<T>.FromIterator<T>::from_iter::h3042184163872248324
11: 0x7fcf3f53a500 - astconv::instantiate_poly_trait_ref::h5037713284232952206
12: 0x7fcf3f53a2c0 - vec::Vec<T>.FromIterator<T>::from_iter::h16052932742123044349
13: 0x7fcf3f5880b0 - collect::conv_param_bounds::h6119870663778270976
14: 0x7fcf3f5b8760 - collect::ty_generics_for_trait::predicates_for_associated_types::unboxed_closure.38348
15: 0x7fcf3f5b80c0 - vec::Vec<T>.FromIterator<T>::from_iter::h16559678602879155701
16: 0x7fcf3f582dc0 - collect::ty_generics_for_trait::h3bec9bdd99c50c92L6t
17: 0x7fcf3f4ed530 - collect::trait_def_of_item::h4615ec192a82cc79FSt
18: 0x7fcf3f4eafc0 - collect::CollectTraitDefVisitor<'a, 'tcx>.visit..Visitor<'v>::visit_item::hdba3ee6263b30487m6s
19: 0x7fcf3f5f1dd0 - check_crate::unboxed_closure.40065
20: 0x7fcf3f5efc30 - check_crate::h19fb6dea5733566ajsx
21: 0x7fcf4030d640 - driver::phase_3_run_analysis_passes::h46b1604d9f9f5633Tva
22: 0x7fcf402fbae0 - driver::compile_input::h68b8602933aad8d7wba
23: 0x7fcf403c6eb0 - thunk::F.Invoke<A, R>::invoke::h18029802347644288836
24: 0x7fcf403c5c60 - rt::unwind::try::try_fn::h6518866316425934196
25: 0x7fcf3fe48400 - rust_try_inner
26: 0x7fcf3fe483f0 - rust_try
27: 0x7fcf403c5fb0 - thunk::F.Invoke<A, R>::invoke::h15513809553472565307
28: 0x7fcf3fdcde40 - sys::thread::thread_start::h5ea7ba97235331d5a9v
29: 0x7fcf3a439fe0 - start_thread
30: 0x7fcf3f9f5c99 - __clone
31: 0x0 - <unknown>

rustc version:

rustc 0.13.0-nightly (c6c786671 2015-01-04 00:50:59 +0000)
binary: rustc
commit-hash: c6c786671d692d7b13c2e5c68a53001327b4b125
commit-date: 2015-01-04 00:50:59 +0000
host: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
release: 0.13.0-nightl

Issue 2:
It actually happens even if you take out the type T but I figured that would be too confusing of a testcase.

#![feature(associated_types)]

pub trait Foo {
type T;
type S: Bar<Self::T>;
}

pub trait Bar<T> {}

error: internal compiler error: unexpected panic
note: the compiler unexpectedly panicked. this is a bug.
note: we would appreciate a bug report: http://doc.rust-lang.org/complement-bugreport.html
note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` for a backtrace
thread 'rustc' panicked at 'no entry found for key', /Users/rustbuild/src/rust-buildbot/slave/nightly-mac/build/src/libcore/option.rs:329

stack backtrace:
1: 0x1078c7c38 - sys::backtrace::write::h329291c3ffa2342c0Jt
2: 0x1078e8a03 - failure::on_fail::h17e4ace9633d727be0z
3: 0x107854c3a - rt::unwind::begin_unwind_inner::h190be063817ae06eFHz
4: 0x10785915d - rt::unwind::begin_unwind_fmt::hc68ebd2b3de4118e2Ez
5: 0x1078e8302 - rust_begin_unwind
6: 0x107935d0c - panicking::panic_fmt::h6d9a452b0d084e9dLkl
7: 0x1046960b9 - collections::hash::map::HashMap<K,$u{20}V$C$$u{20}H$GT$.Index$LT$Q$C$$u{20}V$GT$::index::h4548773097338651390
8: 0x104756a96 - astconv::ast_ty_to_ty::unboxed_closure.36753
9: 0x104755323 - astconv::ast_ty_to_ty::h3464216238889989760
10: 0x10475497c - iter::IteratorExt::collect::h1178474147849539242
11: 0x104862cf1 - astconv::ast_path_to_trait_ref::h12290017992957141453
12: 0x1048625e6 - astconv::instantiate_poly_trait_ref::h3434886886043991751
13: 0x104862350 - vec::Vec<T>.FromIterator<T>::from_iter::h6759705047736047902
14: 0x1048c987d - collect::compute_bounds::h9074989142750734463
15: 0x104860e9b - collect::ty_generics_for_trait::ha23d00f7844cb7b4quv
16: 0x1047321ee - collect::trait_def_of_item::h2e00c54b47ce1f2cgdv
17: 0x10472ed30 - collect::CollectTraitDefVisitor<$u{27}a$C$$u{20}$u{27}tcx$GT$.visit..Visitor$LT$$u{27}v$GT$::visit_item::h913166666a1bcfc7dSt
18: 0x10492237f - check_crate::unboxed_closure.43401
19: 0x10492048a - check_crate::hcab218417b8f1f7f51y
20: 0x103ff9113 - driver::phase_3_run_analysis_passes::hb0ac12e829cd00e7Jta
21: 0x103fdaffe - driver::compile_input::hdcb29128a43ec322wba
22: 0x10417aff8 - thunk::Thunk<(*,$u{20}R$GT$::new::unboxed_closure.30336
23: 0x104179038 - thunk::F.Invoke<A,$u{20}R$GT$::invoke::h12480167585331118411
24: 0x1041777d9 - rt::unwind::try::try_fn::h9666833473335668351
25: 0x107950669 - rust_try_inner
26: 0x107950656 - rust_try
27: 0x104177ed7 - thunk::F.Invoke<A,$u{20}R$GT$::invoke::h4838524648863172491
28: 0x1078d7c24 - sys::thread::thread_start::h7394d69fbc5b85e9vFw
29: 0x7fff8115e899 - _pthread_body
30: 0x7fff8115e72a - _pthread_struct_init