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41142979

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talesh%20Mahalleh-ye%20Bahambar

Talesh Mahalleh-ye Bahambar

Talesh Mahalleh-ye Bahambar (, also Romanized as Ţālesh Maḩalleh-ye Bahambar; also known as Goldasht and Ţālesh Maḩalleh) is a village in Ziabar Rural District, in the Central District of Sowme'eh Sara County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 124, in 30 families. References Populated places in Sowme'eh Sara County

31475949

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felice%20Benasedo

Felice Benasedo

Felice Giuseppe Benasedo (6 May 1922 - 10 January 2016) was a former Italian Grand Prix motorcycle road racer from Italy. He had his best season in 1950 when he finished in seventh place in the 125cc world championship. Career statistics By season References External links Profile on motogp.com 1922 births Sportspeople from Monza Italian motorcycle racers 500cc World Championship riders 125cc World Championship riders 2016 deaths

5584292

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Goode%20%28organist%29

David Goode (organist)

David Goode (born 1971) is a British organist. He is organist and head of keyboard at Eton College, which he combines with an international concert career. Life and career Goode was a chorister at St Paul's Cathedral, briefly attended Wells Cathedral School, was then a music scholar at Eton College and then organ scholar at King's College, Cambridge 1991–94. While there, he studied the organ with David Sanger and Jacques van Oortmerssen. From 1996–2001, he was sub-organist at Christ Church, Oxford. He won major prizes at the 1997 St. Alban's Interpretation Competition and at the 1998 Calgary Competition. From 2003 to 2005, he was the organist-in-residence at First Congregational Church in Los Angeles California. In 2005 he returned to Eton College. Discography A Parry Collection - Regent Records Bach from Freiberg Cathedral - Signum Max Reger: Organ Works, Volume 2 - Signum Max Reger: Complete Organ Works, Volume 1 – Herald Orb and Sceptre – Herald Commotio – Herald The Organ of the Sheldonian Theatre, Oxford The Great Organs of First Church, Volume 2 – Gothic French Showpieces from King's Organs of Cambridge, Volume 3 Johann Sebastian Bach: The Complete Organ Works, Volumes 1-9 - Signum References External links English classical organists British male organists Living people 1971 births Alumni of King's College, Cambridge 21st-century organists 21st-century British male musicians Organ Scholars of King's College, Cambridge Male classical organists

40814762

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ctenucha%20andrei

Ctenucha andrei

Ctenucha andrei is a moth of the family Erebidae. References andrei Moths described in 1912

809650

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrous%20root%20system

Fibrous root system

A fibrous root system is the opposite of a taproot system. It is usually formed by thin, moderately branching roots growing from the stem. A fibrous root system is universal in monocotyledonous plants and ferns. The fibrous root systems look like a mat made out of roots when the tree has reached full maturity. Most trees begin life with a taproot, but after one to a few years change to a wide-spreading fibrous root system with mainly horizontal surface roots and only a few vertical, deep anchoring roots. A typical mature tree 30–50 m tall has a root system that extends horizontally in all directions as far as the tree is tall or more, but well over 95% of the roots are in the top 50 cm depth of soil. A few plants with fibrous root systems: Coconut palm Grass Rosemary Fibrous roots grow fairly close to the surface of the ground. Leaves with parallel venation have fibrous roots. Forages have a fibrous root system, which helps combat erosion by anchoring the plants to the top layer of the soil, and covering the entirety of the field, as it is a non-row crop. In a fibrous root system, the roots grow downwards into the soil, and also branch off sideways throughout the soil. This forms a mass of fine roots, with no distinct tap root, because the embryonic root dies back while the plant is still young and growing. References Root, fibrous Plant roots

46974335

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fidel%20Escobar

Fidel Escobar

Fidel Escobar Mendieta (born 9 January 1995) is a Panamanian professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Costa Rica club Deportivo Saprissa, and the Panama national team. Club career San Francisco Born in Panama City, Escobar graduated from San Francisco's youth setup, and made his senior debut during the 2012–13 campaign, aged only 18. During the next season he established himself as a first team regular making 14 starts and scoring one goal. On 26 October 2013, Escobar scored his first goal for Los Monjes in a 2–0 victory over Chorrillo. Sporting San Miguelito After impressing with San Francisco, Escobar was signed by Sporting San Miguelito for the 2014 Clausura season. He made 14 appearances scoring one goal in his first season at the club. On 16 March 2014, Escobar scored his first goal with San Miguelito in a 2–2 draw with Alianza. In his two and a half seasons with the club Escobar made 65 league appearances scoring six goals. Sporting B (loan) As a result of his impressive play with his club and at the Under-20 World Cup Escobar received the attention of European clubs. During July 2016, Escobar was sent on loan with an option to buy to Sporting Clube de Portugal's reserve side Sporting B. Escobar made his debut for Sporting B on 6 August 2016 playing the entire match in a 1–2 loss to Portimonense S.C. In January 2017, Escobar attempted to terminate his contract with Sporting in search of other opportunities and was threatened with legal action by the Portuguese side. Escobar eventually apologized to the club and was reinstated for the second half of the season. He made his return to the side on 15 April 2017, starting in a 2–0 victory over União da Madeira. New York Red Bulls (loan) On 27 July 2017 it was announced that Escobar was joining New York Red Bulls on an 18-month loan. For his play on 10 March 2018, in which he helped lead New York to a 4–0 victory over Portland Timbers in the team's first league match of the season, Escobar was named to the Starting XI for Major League Soccer's Team of the Week. Escobar was loaned to affiliate side New York Red Bulls II of the United Soccer League for the match against Tampa Bay Rowdies on 14 April 2018. He opened the scoring for New York in the 5–0 victory. Escobar's loan was not extended by the Red Bulls at the end of their 2018 season. Córdoba (loan) On 10 July 2019, after a six-month spell at Correcaminos UAT, Escobar joined Spanish Segunda División B side Córdoba CF on loan for one year. Alcorcón On 28 July 2020, Escobar agreed to a three-year contract with AD Alcorcón in Segunda División. On 31 January 2022, he was loaned to Primera División RFEF side Cultural y Deportiva Leonesa. International career Escobar played at the 2015 FIFA U-20 World Cup in New Zealand. He made his debut in the competition on 30 May 2015 scoring an 84th-minute equalizer in a 2–2 draw against heavily favored side Argentina. Escobar made his senior debut for Panama in a February 2015 friendly match against the United States. In May 2018 he was named in Panama’s preliminary 35 man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia, and played all three matches in an eventual group-stage exit. Career statistics Club International International goals Scores and results list Panama's goal tally first. Honours Club New York Red Bulls MLS Supporters' Shield (1): 2018 International Panama U20 Runners-up CONCACAF U-20 Championship: 2015 References External links 1995 births Living people Sportspeople from Panama City Panamanian footballers Association football defenders Liga Panameña de Fútbol players San Francisco F.C. players Sporting San Miguelito players Liga Portugal 2 players Sporting CP B players Major League Soccer players USL Championship players New York Red Bulls players New York Red Bulls II players Correcaminos UAT footballers Segunda División players Segunda División B players Córdoba CF players AD Alcorcón footballers Cultural Leonesa footballers 2015 CONCACAF U-20 Championship players Footballers at the 2015 Pan American Games Copa América Centenario players 2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup players 2018 FIFA World Cup players 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup players Panama international footballers Panamanian expatriate footballers Panamanian expatriate sportspeople in the United States Panamanian expatriate sportspeople in Mexico Panamanian expatriate sportspeople in Spain Expatriate footballers in Portugal Expatriate soccer players in the United States Expatriate footballers in Mexico Expatriate footballers in Spain Pan American Games competitors for Panama

4295522

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1937%20in%20association%20football

1937 in association football

The following are the football events of 1937 throughout the world. Events May 2 – Puck van Heel becomes Holland's most capped player when he plays his 57th match for the Netherlands national football team against Belgium. Van Heel earned 64 caps during his career. Foundation of Air Force Central F.C. Sunderland AFC win the FA cup final. Winners club national championship Argentina: River Plate France: Olympique de Marseille Italy: Bologna Netherlands: Ajax Amsterdam Paraguay: Olimpia Asunción Poland: Cracovia Romania: Venus București Scotland: Scottish Cup: Celtic Soviet Union: see 1937 in Soviet football Turkey: Fenerbahçe Kingdom of Yugoslavia: Građanski Zagreb International tournaments 1937 British Home Championship (October 31, 1936 – April 17, 1937) 1937 South American Championship (December 27, 1936 – February 1, 1937) Births January 1 – Vlatko Marković, Yugoslavian international footballer (died 2013) February 3 – Alex Young Scottish international footballer (died 2017) March 13 – Antonio Betancort, Spanish international footballer (died 2015) May 16 – Antonio Rattín, Argentine international footballer June 1 – Ezio Pascutti, Italian international footballer (died 2017) June 27 – Jules Accorsi, French football player and manager June 29 – Yair Nossovsky, Israeli footballer July 6 – Ernesto Figueiredo, Portuguese footballer July 9 – Josef Vacenovský, Czech forward July 12 Fritz Kehl, Swiss football defender František Valošek, Czech football player July 20 – Ilie Datcu, Romanian goalkeeper and coach August 9 – Hans Nowak, German international footballer (died 2012) August 19 – Richard Møller Nielsen, Danish international footballer and manager (died 2014) August 22 – Gennadi Matveyev, Soviet international footballer (died 2014) November 8 Peter Brabrook, English international footballer (died 2016) Dragoslav Šekularac, Serbian footballer and manager (d. 2019) November 10 – Zdeněk Zikán, Czech football player (d. 2013) November 20 – Pim van de Meent, Dutch footballer and manager December 6 – Alberto Spencer, Ecuadorian-Uruguayan footballer (died 2006) December 20 – Gordon Banks, English international footballer (died 2019) References Association football by year

62785120

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muan%E2%80%93Gwangju%20Expressway

Muan–Gwangju Expressway

Muan–Gwangju Expressway () also known as 12th Expressway is an expressway in South Korea connecting Muan County to Gwangju. Formerly, this route designated as part of the Olympic Expressway but on January 3, 2008, it was separated into two segments that shared the same designation number with Gwangju-Daegu Expressway. History November 8, 2007: Muan Airport IC - Naju IC (30.4 km) opened. May 28, 2008: Naju IC - Unsu IC (11 km) opened. September 29, 2009: West Gwangsan IC opened. Compositions Lanes All section: 4 lanes Length 41.35 km Speed limit 100 km/h Major stopovers South Jeolla Province Muan County (Mangun-myeon - Hyeongyeong-myeon - Muan-eup) - Hampyeong County (Hampyeong-eup - Eomda-myeon - Hakgyo-myeon - Daedong-myeon) - Naju (Munpyeong-myeon - Noan-myeon) Gwangju Gwangsan District (Dongsan-dong - Yonggok-dong - Yong-dong - Jijuk-dong - Seobong-dong - Seonam-dong - Unsu-dong) List of facilities IC: Interchange, JC: Junction, SA: Service Area, TG:Tollgate See also Roads and expressways in South Korea Transportation in South Korea References External links Riding Muan-Gwangju Expressway MOLIT South Korean Government Transport Department Expressways in South Korea Transport in South Jeolla Province Transport in Gwangju

19806455

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Journalism%20Historians%20Association

American Journalism Historians Association

Founded in 1981, the American Journalism Historians Association (AJHA) seeks to advance education and research in mass communication history. Through its annual meeting, regional conferences, committees, awards, speakers and publications, members work to raise historical standards and ensure that all scholars and students recognize the vast importance of media history and apply this knowledge to the advancement of society. Meetings and conferences AJHA Annual Meeting The organization sponsors an annual fall meeting. Approximately 120 historians attend and participate in discussions surrounding teaching and research in media history. Throughout the meeting, scholars present peer-reviewed research, participate in topical panel discussions and generate ideas for articles and books. At the annual meeting, scholars also participate vigorously in a silent auction that generates thousands of dollars for graduate student aid. AJHA Southeast Symposium Media history scholars from across the Southeast gather each February for the annual AJHA Southeast Symposium. The conference is designed to promote graduate and undergraduate research and provides a scholarly forum for student research presentations and discussions. AJHA-AEJMC Joint Conference The AJHA partners with the History Division of AEJMC to sponsor a spring conference in New York City. This interdisciplinary gathering accepts submissions in all areas of journalism and communication history from all time periods and welcomes scholars from all academic disciplines and stages of their academic careers. Task Force on History in the Curriculum This AJHA committee works to encourage the study of history in graduate and undergraduate mass communication programs. Some of its actions include: Encouraging all schools to offer an undergraduate history course and require it of their majors Encouraging graduate schools to recognize that history is as important as theory, social science research or any other area of graduate study Evaluating the history curricula in doctoral programs. Speakers Bureau The AJHA Speakers Bureau features members who share their expertise and knowledge with the media and local and national organizations. The diversity of the organization's membership enables its bureau to provide a wealth of educational resources on a wide variety of topics related to mass communication history. Publications American Journalism (), the AJHA's quarterly peer-reviewed journal, publishes articles, research notes, book reviews, and correspondence dealing with media history. Recent editions of American Journalism are available via the EBSCO database. Contributions may focus on social, economic, intellectual, political or legal issues. American Journalism also welcomes articles that treat the history of communication in general; the history of broadcasting, advertising, and public relations; the history of media outside the United States; and theoretical issues in the literature or methods of media history. The Intelligencer is the quarterly newsletter of the AJHA. It includes news about the organization and its members as well as research and conference updates. Awards Sidney Kobre Award for Lifetime Achievement in Journalism History - The organization's highest honor recognizes individuals with an exemplary record of sustained achievement in media history through teaching, research, professional activities, or other contributions to the field. Margaret A. Blanchard Dissertation Prize - Awarded annually for the best doctoral dissertation dealing with mass communication history. A cash award of $500 accompanies the prize. AJHA History Award - Recognizes a practicing journalist whose work has been exemplary in the host community of the annual meeting. AJHA Teaching Awards - Honors excellence in the teaching of journalism and mass communication history and recognizes those who make a positive impact on student learning and influence other teachers by example. The award is designed to focus national attention on the importance of teaching in journalism and mass communication history. AJHA Book Award - Recognizes the best book in media history as judged by a panel of AJHA members. The book award winner is honored at the closing gala of the annual meeting. During the annual meeting, the AJHA recognizes exceptional peer-reviewed research papers in several categories: faculty paper, student paper, conference paper, minority paper, and women's interest paper. A panel of judges also presents an award to the single best article published during the year in American Journalism. See also Center for Intercultural Dialogue List of history awards External links Official website History organizations based in the United States American journalism organizations Journalism-related professional associations History of mass media in the United States History awards

42533319

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%20Oak%20Historic%20District

White Oak Historic District

White Oak Historic District is a national historic district located near Winnsboro, Fairfield County, South Carolina. The district encompasses 12 contributing buildings in the rural community of White Oak. The buildings in the district were built between about 1876 and about 1925, and includes three large frame residences (including a manse), a frame church with steeple, two frame store buildings, a cotton warehouse, and two vacant, wooded lots, some of which reflect Victorian stylistic influences. Notable buildings include the T. G. Patrick Store, McDowell's Store, White Oak Cotton Warehouse, Matthew Patrick House, T. G. Patrick House and outbuildings, and White Oak A.R.P. Church and Manse. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. References Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in South Carolina Victorian architecture in South Carolina Buildings and structures in Fairfield County, South Carolina National Register of Historic Places in Fairfield County, South Carolina

55480759

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick%20Marshall%20%28British%20Army%20officer%29

Frederick Marshall (British Army officer)

Lieutenant-General Sir Frederick Marshall (26 July 1829 – 8 June 1900) was a British Army officer. Military career Marshall was commissioned as a cornet in the 10th Hussars on 18 September 1849. He was promoted to lieutenant on 16 September 1851 and, after transferring to the 1st Regiment of Dragoons on 14 October 1851, he saw action in the Crimean War and was promoted to captain on 4 February 1859. Marshall was promoted further to major on 6 March 1863. Promoted to lieutenant colonel on 8 March 1864, he was given command of the 2nd Regiment of Life Guards. He was then promoted to full colonel on 6 March 1868 and to major general on 20 October 1877. After taking part in the Anglo-Zulu War in spring 1879, Marshall was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George on 19 December 1879. He was promoted to lieutenant general on his retirement on 5 September 1884 and advanced to Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George on 22 June 1897. Marshall served as colonel of the 1st (Royal) Dragoons from 1890 to 1900. First-class cricket Marshall played first-class cricket for several teams in the 1850s and 1860s, debuting for the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) against Sussex at Horsham in 1854. Playing first-class cricket until 1865, the played eight matches for the MCC, but also appeared five times for the Gentlemen of Marylebone Cricket Club, four times for the Gentlemen of England, twice for the South in the North v South fixture, and once each for the Gentlemen of the South and the Surrey Club. Appearing in 21 first-class matches, he scored a total of 244 runs at an average of 7.87, with a highest score of 31. References 1829 births 1900 deaths Military personnel from Kent British Army generals Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George People from Edenbridge, Kent English cricketers Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers Gentlemen of England cricketers Surrey Club cricketers Gentlemen of Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers North v South cricketers Gentlemen of the South cricketers

4147480

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity%20%28disambiguation%29

Electricity (disambiguation)

Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of electric charge. Electricity may also refer to: Film and television Electricity (film), a film released in 2014 "Electricity", an episode of Afterworld "Electricity", an episode of The Science Alliance "Electricity, Electricity", an episode of Schoolhouse Rock! Music Albums Electricity (album), by Peter Jefferies Electricity, by Paul Janz Electricity, by Electones Songs "Electricity" (The Avalanches song) "Electricity" (Captain Beefheart song) "Electricity" (Elton John song) "Electricity" (Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark song) "Electricity" (Silk City and Dua Lipa song) "Electricity" (Suede song) "Electricity", by Anathema from A Natural Disaster "Electricity", by Blood Axis "Electricity", by Elisa from Lotus "Electricity", by Headless Chickens from Greedy "Electricity", by Longview from Mercury "Electricity", by Lync from Remembering the Fireballs (Part 8) "Electricity", by Midnight Star from No Parking on the Dance Floor "Electricity", by Joni Mitchell from For the Roses "Electricity", by Kompressor from World Domination "Electricity", by Moby from "Drop a Beat" "Electricity", by Monrose from I Am "Electricity", by Motörhead from Bad Magic "Electricity", by Pet Shop Boys from Bilingual "Electricity", by Spiritualized from Ladies and Gentlemen We Are Floating in Space "Electricity", by Something for Kate from Beautiful Sharks "Electricity", by 311 from Transistor "Electricity, Electricity", from TV-series Schoolhouse Rock!, released on Schoolhouse Rock! Soundtrack covered by Goodness on Schoolhouse Rock! Rocks Other uses in music Electricity: OMD with the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra, a concert film Books Electricity, 1995 novel by Victoria Glendinning Electricity, 2006 novel by Ray Robinson See also Electric (disambiguation) Electric City (disambiguation)

36116

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1534

1534

Year 1534 (MDXXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June January 15 – The Parliament of England passes the Act Respecting the Oath to the Succession, recognising the marriage of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, and their children as the legitimate heirs to the throne. February 23 – A group of Anabaptists, led by Jan Matthys, seize Münster, Westphalia and declare it The New Jerusalem, begin to exile dissenters, and forcibly baptize all others. c. March – The Portuguese crown divides Colonial Brazil into fifteen donatory captaincies. April 5 (Easter Sunday) – Anabaptist Jan Matthys is killed by the Landsknechte, who laid siege to Münster on the day he predicted as the Second Coming of Christ. His follower John of Leiden takes control of the city. April 7 – Sir Thomas More is confined in the Tower of London. May 10 – Jacques Cartier explores Newfoundland, while searching for the Northwest Passage. June 9 – Jacques Cartier is the first European to discover the Gulf of St Lawrence. June 23 – Copenhagen opens its gates to Count Christopher of Oldenburg, leading the army of Lübeck (and the Hanseatic League), nominally in the interests of the deposed King Christian II of Denmark. The surrenders of Copenhagen and, a few days later, of Malmö represent the high point of the Count's War for the forces of the League. These victories presumably lead the Danish nobility to recognize Christian III as King on July 4. June 29 – Jacques Cartier discovers Prince Edward Island. July–December July 4 – The Election of Christian III, as King of Denmark, takes place in the town of Rye. July 7 – The first known exchange occurs between Europeans and natives of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, in New Brunswick. August 15 – Ignatius of Loyola and six others take the vows that lead to the establishment of the Society of Jesus, in Montmartre (Paris). August 26 – Piero de Ponte becomes the 45th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller. October 13 – Pope Paul III succeeds Pope Clement VII, as the 220th pope. October 18 – Huguenots post placards all over France attacking the Catholic Mass, provoking a violent sectarian reaction. November 3–December 18 – The English Reformation Parliament passes the Act of Supremacy, establishing Henry VIII as supreme head of the Church of England. December 6 – Over 200 Spanish settlers, led by conquistador Sebastián de Belalcázar, found what becomes Quito, Ecuador. Date unknown Act for the Submission of the Clergy is confirmed by the Parliament of England, requiring churchmen to submit to the king, and forbidding the publication of ecclesiastical laws without royal permission. Manco Inca Yupanqui is crowned as Sapa Inca in Cusco, Peru by Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro, in succession to his brother Túpac Huallpa (d. October 1533). The Ottoman army under Suleiman the Magnificent captures the city of Baghdad from the Safavids. Cambridge University Press is given a Royal Charter by Henry VIII of England, and becomes the first of the privileged presses. Gargantua is published by François Rabelais. Martin Luther's translation of the complete Christian Bible into German is printed by Hans Lufft in Wittenberg, adding the Old Testament and Apocrypha to Luther's 1522 translation of the New Testament, and including woodcut illustrations. The first book in Yiddish is printed (in Kraków), Mirkevet ha-Mishneh, a Tanakh concordance by Rabbi Asher Anchel, translating difficult phrases in biblical Hebrew. Births January 6 – Pavao Skalić, Croatian encyclopedist, Renaissance humanist and adventurer (d. 1575) February 5 – Giovanni de' Bardi, Italian writer, composer and soldier (d. 1612) February 10 – Song Ikpil, Korean scholar (d. 1599) March 19 – José de Anchieta, Spanish Jesuit missionary in Brazil (d. 1597) April 18 – William Harrison, English clergyman (d. 1593) June 15 – Henri I de Montmorency, Marshal of France (d. 1614) June 23 – Oda Nobunaga, Japanese warlord (d. 1582) July 1 – King Frederick II of Denmark (d. 1588) July 3 – Myeongjong of Joseon, ruler of Korea (d. 1567) July 18 – Zacharius Ursinus, German theologian (d. 1583) August 29 – Nicholas Pieck, Dutch Franciscan friar and martyr (d. 1572) September 24 – Guru Ram Das, fourth Sikh Guru (d. 1581) October 4 – William I, Count of Schwarzburg-Frankenhausen (d. 1597) October 18 – Jean Passerat, French writer (d. 1602) November 2 – Archduchess Eleanor of Austria (d. 1594) November 6 – Joachim Camerarius the Younger, German scientist (d. 1598) November 17 – Karl I, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst, German prince (d. 1561) November 26 – Henry Berkeley, 7th Baron Berkeley (d. 1613) December 16 – Lucas Osiander the Elder, German pastor (d. 1604) December 16 – Hans Bol, Flemish artist (d. 1593) date unknown Lodovico Agostini, Italian composer (d. 1590) Isaac Luria, Jewish scholar and mystic (d. 1572) Henry Herbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, statesman of the Elizabethan era (d. 1601) Paul Skalić, Croatian encyclopedist, humanist and adventurer (d. 1573) Joan Waste, English Protestant martyr (d. 1556) Lautaro, Mapuche warrior (d. 1557) Deaths January 9 – Johannes Aventinus, Bavarian historian and philologist (b. 1477) January 25 – Magdalena of Saxony (b. 1507) February 15 – Barbara Jagiellon, duchess consort of Saxony and Margravine consort of Meissen (1500–1534) (b. 1478) March 5 – Antonio da Correggio, Italian painter (b. 1489) March 17 – Vojtěch I of Pernstein, Bohemian nobleman (b. 1490) March 19 – Michael Weiße, German theologian (b. c. 1488) April 5 – Jan Matthys, German Anabaptist reformer April 20 – Elizabeth Barton, English prophet and nun (executed) (b. 1506) May 3 – Juana de la Cruz Vázquez Gutiérrez, Spanish abbess of the Franciscan Third Order Regular (b. 1481) June 14 – Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, Bengali mystic (b. 1486) June 27 – Hille Feicken, Dutch Anabaptist August 3 – Andrea della Valle, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1463) August 9 – Thomas Cajetan, Italian theologian and cardinal (b. 1470) August 21 – Philippe Villiers de L'Isle-Adam, 44th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1464) September 7 – Lazarus Spengler, German hymnwriter (b. 1479) September 24 – Michael Glinski, Lithuanian prince (b. c. 1470) September 25 – Pope Clement VII (b. 1478) October 31 – Alfonso I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara (b. 1476) November 7 – Ferdinand of Portugal, Duke of Guarda and Trancoso, Portuguese nobleman (b. 1507) November 8 – William Blount, 4th Baron Mountjoy, scholar and patron (b. c. 1478) November 23 – Beatriz Galindo, Spanish Latinist and scholar (b. 1465) December 9 – Balthasar of Hanau-Münzenberg, German nobleman (b. 1508) December 27 – Antonio da Sangallo the Elder, Florentine architect (b. 1453) date unknown István Báthory, Hungarian noble (b. 1477) Edward Guildford, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports (b. 1474) Cesare Hercolani, Italian soldier, murdered (b. 1499) Humphrey Kynaston, English highwayman (b. 1474) Amago Okihisa, Japanese nobleman (b. 1497) John Taylor, English Master of the Rolls (b. 1480) References

56890759

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cactinae

Cactinae

Cactinae is a subtribe of cacti in the tribe Cacteae. It is notable to cactus-lovers, as it contains the large genus Mammillaria. They all produce globular (turning cylindrical) stems and most produce offshoots freely, although this may take some species up to 30 years. The tubercles are generally arranged in spirals. The principal genera of this subtribe are Coryphantha and Mammillaria. Genera Cochemiea Coryphantha Escobaria Mammillaria Mammilloydia Pelecyphora References Micropropagation of Members of the Cactaceae Subtribe Cactinae. Philip W. Clayton, John F. Hubstenberger, Gregory C. Phillips and S. Ann Butler-Nance, J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci., 115(2), pages 337–343, 1990 External links Plant subtribes Cactoideae

35460562

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Hunke

David Hunke

David L. Hunke is the chairman of USA Today. He served as the company's publisher since April 2009. References Year of birth missing (living people) Living people USA Today people American chairpersons of corporations American newspaper publishers (people)

64327160

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyominoes%3A%20Puzzles%2C%20Patterns%2C%20Problems%2C%20and%20Packings

Polyominoes: Puzzles, Patterns, Problems, and Packings

Polyominoes: Puzzles, Patterns, Problems, and Packings is a mathematics book on polyominoes, the shapes formed by connecting some number of unit squares edge-to-edge. It was written by Solomon Golomb, and is "universally regarded as a classic in recreational mathematics". The Basic Library List Committee of the Mathematical Association of America has strongly recommended its inclusion in undergraduate mathematics libraries. Publication history The book collects together material previously published by Golomb in various articles and columns, especially in Recreational Mathematics Magazine. It was originally published by Scribner's in 1965, titled simply Polyominoes, and including a plastic set of the twelve pentominoes. The book's title word "polyominoes" was invented for the subject by Golomb in 1954 as a back-formation from "domino". A translation into Russian by I. Yaglom, Полимино, was published by Mir in 1975; it includes also translations of two papers on polyominoes by Golomb and by David A. Klarner. A second English-language edition of the book was published by the Princeton University Press in 1994. It added to the corrected text of the original addition two more chapters on recent developments, an expanded bibliography, and two appendices, one giving an enumeration of polyominoes and a second reprinting a report by Andy Liu of the solution to all open problems proposed in an appendix to the first edition. Topics After an introductory chapter that enumerates the polyominoes up to the hexominoes (made from six squares), the next two chapters of the book concern the pentominoes (made from five squares), the rectangular shapes that can be formed from them, and the subsets of an chessboard into which the twelve pentominoes can be packed. The fourth chapter discusses brute-force search methods for searching for polyomino tilings or proving their nonexistence, and the fifth introduces techniques from enumerative combinatorics including Burnside's lemma for counting polyominoes and their packings. Although reviewer M. H. Greenblatt considers this more theoretical material a digression from the main topic of the book, and the book itself suggests that less mathematically-inclined readers skip this material, Alan Sutcliffe calls it "the heart of the book", and an essential bridge between the earlier and later chapters. The question of using these methods to find a formula for the number of polyominoes with a given number of squares remains unsolved, and central to the topic. The final two chapters of the first edition concern generalizations of polyominoes to polycubes and other polyforms, and briefly mention the work of Edward F. Moore and Hao Wang proving the undecidability of certain tiling problems including the problem of whether a set of polyominoes can tile the plane. The second edition adds a chapter on the work of David Klarner on the smallest rectangles that can be tiled by certain polyominoes, and another chapter summarizing other recent work on polyominoes and polyomino tiling, including the mutilated chessboard problem and De Bruijn's theorem that a rectangle tiled by smaller rectangles must have a side whose length is a multiple of . Audience and reception Reviewer Elizabeth Senger writes that the book has a wide audience of "mathematicians, teachers, students, and puzzle people", and is "well written and easy to read", accessible even to high school level mathematics students. Similarly, Elaine Hale writes that it should be read by "all professional mathematicians, mathematics educators, and amateurs" interested in recreational mathematics. Senger adds that the second edition is especially welcome because of the difficulty of finding a copy of the out-of-print first edition. Although the book concerns recreational mathematics, reviewer M. H. Greenblatt writes that its inclusion of exercises and problems makes it feel "much more like a text book", but not in a negative way. Similarly, Alan Sutcliffe writes that "an almost ideal balance has been struck between educational and recreational", and Pamela Liebeck calls its coverage of the topic "fascinating and thorough". References External links Polyominoes (2nd ed.) on the Internet Archive Polyforms Mathematics books 1965 non-fiction books

53874116

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20A.%20Moore

Richard A. Moore

Richard Anthony Moore (January 23, 1914 – January 27, 1995) was an American lawyer and communications executive, who served as special counsel to President Richard Nixon and was United States Ambassador to Ireland (1989–1992). Moore became a special counsel to President Nixon in 1971, and in July 1973 was a witness to the Senate committee investigating the Watergate scandal. After leaving the administration he later became founder and associate producer of The McLaughlin Group, and was later ambassador to Ireland under President George H. W. Bush. His brother, John D. J. Moore, had served as ambassador to Ireland under Presidents Nixon and Ford. Moore died of prostate cancer in Washington, D.C., in 1995. References External links Richard Anthony Moore profile at history.state.gov 1914 births 1995 deaths Ambassadors of the United States to Ireland Yale Law School alumni 20th-century American businesspeople United States Army soldiers United States Army personnel of World War II Deaths from prostate cancer

68216441

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanna%20Tidstrand

Sanna Tidstrand

Sanna Tidstrand (born 1985) is a retired Swedish freestyle skier who specialized in ski cross. She made her FIS Freestyle Ski World Cup debut in March 2003 in Les Contamines, being disqualified. She collected her first World Cup points with an 11th place in November 2003 in Saas-Fee, and toward the end of the 2003–04 World Cup circuit she managed three top-10 placements, the best being 6th in February 2004 in Naeba. The next season, in January–February 2005, she managed a 4th place in Pozza di Fassa and a 5th place in Naeba. She also finished 16th at the 2005 World Championships. At the Winter X Games she finished 8th in 2003, won the bronze medal in 2004, the gold medal in 2005, finished 4th in 2006 and 17th in 2007. She also took up speed skiing, breaking the world speed ski record in April 2006. She represented the sports club Sälens IF. References 1985 births Living people Swedish female freestyle skiers Speed skiers

28823936

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palazzo%20Pretorio%2C%20Cividale%20del%20Friuli

Palazzo Pretorio, Cividale del Friuli

The Palazzo Pretorio or Palazzo dei Provveditori veneti is a palace in Cividale del Friuli, northern Italy, attributed to the architect Andrea Palladio and built between 1565 and 1586. Since 1990 it is the home of the National Archeological Museum (Museo archeologico nazionale) of Cividale. Renaissance art historian Giorgio Vasari testified of the existence of a project by Palladio for the Palazzo Pretorio at Cividale, for which he executed a model; he also wrote that the architect was present at the building’s foundation ceremony. The desire of the Civic Council to construct the Palazzo Pretorio dates to 1559, but the laying of the foundation stone had to wait until March 1565, when the financial means became available. The palace was completed in 1586. Palladio's contribution in the building is not immediately recognizable, even if the peculiar basement, with its stone bosses, may derive from Palladio’s studies of the Roman antiquities in Dalmatia, specifically the amphitheatre in Pula. What seems probable is that the building’s execution was at least undertaken without Palladio’s control, and without particular respect for his original project. References Palazzo Pretorio in the CISA website (original source for the first revision of this article, with kind permission) Guido Beltramini and Antonio Padoan, Andrea Palladio: atlante delle architetture, Padova, Marsilio Editori, 2000 Houses completed in 1586 Pretorio Cividale Renaissance architecture in Friuli-Venezia Giulia Andrea Palladio buildings

5418862

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raghbir%20Lal

Raghbir Lal

Raghbir Lal Sharma (born 15 November 1929) was an Indian hockey player. References Raghbir Lal's profile at databaseOlympics External links 1929 births Living people Field hockey players from Punjab, India Olympic field hockey players of India Olympic gold medalists for India Field hockey players at the 1952 Summer Olympics Field hockey players at the 1956 Summer Olympics Indian male field hockey players Olympic medalists in field hockey Medalists at the 1956 Summer Olympics Medalists at the 1952 Summer Olympics Field hockey players from Rawalpindi

3158150

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Asculum%20%2889%20BC%29

Battle of Asculum (89 BC)

The Battle of Asculum was fought in 89 BC during the Social War between Rome and its former Italian allies. The Romans were led by C. Pompeius Strabo, and were victorious over the rebels. The future Consul Publius Ventidius was said to have been captured as a youth at this battle and displayed in a Triumph at Rome. After two years of siege by the Romans, the people of Asculum, tired of the situation, decided to surrender against the wish of their leader Gaius Vidacilius, who, preferring to die with honour and with his freedom, burned himself in a temple in the town. When the Roman Legions won the battle and entered the city, they destroyed all, burning houses and temples and killing the majority of the population. Their actions were meant to punish the city for its rebellion. Publius Ventidius, a child when the city was destroyed, was captured by Pompeius Strabo and conducted to Rome as a prisoner. He was educated like a Roman soldier and became a consul, fighting against the Parthian Empire and winning. He also met and became a trusted friend of Julius Caesar. References Asculum 89 BC Asculum (89 BC) Asculum (89 BC) 1st century BC in the Roman Republic 1st century BC in Italy Ascoli Piceno

39413029

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trollaskeinuten

Trollaskeinuten

Trollaskeinuten is a mountain in the municipality of Suldal in Rogaland county, Norway. The tall mountain lies in the mountainous northeastern corner of Suldal, surrounded by the mountains Knoda, Kistenuten, Vassdalseggi, Fitjanuten, and Mælen. Trollaskeinuten lies about northeast of the village of Nesflaten. See also List of mountains of Norway References Mountains of Rogaland Suldal

69994536

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central%20Library%20of%20Politehnica%20University%20of%20Timi%C8%99oara

Central Library of Politehnica University of Timișoara

The Central Library of Politehnica University is the library of the Politehnica University of Timișoara. Between 1947 and 2014 it functioned in the Piarist High School ensemble. History The library was established with the Polytechnic Institute by royal decree in 1920. The activity of the library was started in the building of the primary school on Carol Telbisz Street, where it was active until 1947, when its collections were moved to the headquarters on Piatra Craiului Street. The first librarian mentioned in the institute's yearbooks was Eustațiu Pandele. On 15 March 1921, he registered the first book in the library's patrimony: Béton armé. Abaques pratiques pour l'établissement des hourdis et des poteaux, a French-language work published by M. Corset, a French engineer, in Paris in 1920. After only one year, in which he worked alone, followed a period of 16 years in which, in addition to the librarian, there is also mentioned a room warden, which demonstrates the increase in the number of publications and the number of readers. The activity of the library continued in all the past years, parallel to the activity of the institute, it being the one that provided the material support of the students' training and of the research activity. Because it was located in the center of Timișoara, but far from some faculties, the library had specialized branches at the faculties of Chemistry, Electro, Mechanics and Construction. Following the retrocession of the Piarist ensemble to the Catholic Church, a new headquarters was built for the library on Vasile Pârvan Boulevard, near the mentioned faculties, so that the branches were merged there. Construction work on the new building took eight years and cost about 16 million euros. The last 100 books were symbolically moved to the new location on 12 November 2014 by a human chain of 1,000 students. Collections The library contains about 700,000 volumes to which students of other universities in Timișoara also have access. The book fund mainly includes documents from technical fields, but also from other spheres of knowledge, being intended exclusively for loan. The collection of descriptions of inventions includes approximately 61,300 documents from all fields of activity. The library offers users a rich collection of Romanian and foreign periodicals. The collection of periodicals includes representative documents that have appeared over the years, especially in areas that cover technical disciplines. The first foreign periodical to be part of the Central Library's fund is Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft, published in Berlin in 1868. The oldest Romanian magazine kept in the library's collection, since its first issue, is Gazeta matematică and dates from 1897. References Academic libraries in Romania Politehnica University of Timișoara

12332721

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake%20Wickenden

Lake Wickenden

Lake Wickenden (French: Lac Wickenden) is the largest lake on Anticosti Island, located in the municipality of L'Île-d'Anticosti, in the Saint Lawrence River, in the Minganie Regional County Municipality, in the region administration of the Côte-Nord, in the province of Quebec, Canada. Together with the surrounding , this lake was designated as a protected area on January 1, 1993 by the WCPA. This area is designated "Rare Forest of Lac-Wickenden". Forestry is the main economic activity in this area; recreational tourism activities, second. Geography Glacially formed, lake Wickenden is part of Jupiter River watershed. Several surrounding lakes are surrounded by small areas of marsh. Lake Wickenden has a length of , a width of and an elevation of . A strip of land separates Lac de la Tête and Lake Wickenden. The hamlet Wickenden is located at the end of a bay on the western shore of the lake. A second hamlet designated Lac-de-la-Tête is located north-west of the first. An access road (coming from the west) serves this hamlet and the south shore of the lake. Toponymy Maps from the late 1930s indicate "Wickenden Lake". The lake was named after Henri Robert Wickenden who worked on Anticosti Island for the Wayagamack Paper Corporation in the 1920s. Wickenden also served as a forestry director for the Wayagamack Pulp and Paper Company. In 1926, his team assessed the economic potential of the Anticostian forests; the Wickenden team drew positive conclusions recommending this proposed acquisition. Wickenden then represented the Anticosti Corporation; this company then included the Wayagamack, the St. Mauritius Valley Corporation and the Port Alfred Pulp and Paper Company. On July 29, 1926, this company acquired the island; the seller being the French senator Gaston Menier. The toponym "lac Wickenden" was made official on December 5, 1968 at the Commission de toponymie du Québec place name bank. References External links Lakes of Côte-Nord Anticosti Island Minganie Regional County Municipality

23424015

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefferson%20Apartment%20Building%20%28Niagara%20Falls%2C%20New%20York%29

Jefferson Apartment Building (Niagara Falls, New York)

Jefferson Apartment Building is a historic apartment building located at Niagara Falls in Niagara County, New York. It is an eight-story brick structure constructed in 1926 and is the city's sole example of a high rise, full service early 20th century apartment building designed for middle and upper income residents. Currently The Jefferson is still standing, fully renovated, and the premiere location for downtown living. You can visit the official website for leasing information. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005. References External links Official Web Page for Apartments & Leasing Jefferson Apartment Building - U.S. National Register of Historic Places on Waymarking.com Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state) Colonial Revival architecture in New York (state) Gothic Revival architecture in New York (state) Residential buildings completed in 1926 Buildings and structures in Niagara Falls, New York National Register of Historic Places in Niagara County, New York

13072049

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20River%20Band%20%28album%29

Little River Band (album)

Little River Band is the debut studio album by the Australian rock group Little River Band which was released by EMI in October 1975. It peaked at No. 17 on the Australian Kent Music Report Albums Chart and was certified 2× gold in Australia in November 1976. Singles The band's first single, "Curiosity (Killed the Cat)", was released in September 1975, ahead of the album and peaked at No. 15 on the Kent Music Report Singles Chart. The following single, "Emma" was released in December 1975 and peaked at No. 20. In August 1976, an edited version of "It's a Long Way There" was released as the band lead single international and the third single in Australia. It reached the Australian Top 40 and became the band's first US Top 40 hit. It also charted in Netherlands to reach No. 14. "I'll Always Call Your Name" was release in early 1977 in North America only as the album's fourth and final single. Track listing All tracks are written by Little River Band members as shown. Personnel Little River Band members Beeb Birtles – lead vocals, backing vocals, guitars (acoustic, electric) Ric Formosa – guitars (lead, acoustic, slide) Graham Goble – lead vocals, backing vocals, guitars (acoustic, electric), vocal arrangements Roger McLachlan – bass guitar Derek Pellicci – drums, percussion Glenn Shorrock – lead vocals, backing vocals, percussion, harmonica Additional musicians Stephen Cooney – clavinet (track 2), mandolin (track 9) Gary Hyde – percussion Peter Jones – strings (arrangement, conductor), piano (tracks 1–5, 7–9) Col Loughnan – saxophone (track 8) Ian Mason – piano (track 6) Production details Engineering – Ross Cockle (recording and remix), Mark Opitz (mastering) Producer – Birtles, Shorrock, Glenn Wheatley, Goble Design – Art Sims Charts Certifications References 1975 debut albums Little River Band albums EMI Records albums Harvest Records albums

12447475

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy%20Bean%20%28musician%29

Billy Bean (musician)

William Fredrick Bean (December 26, 1933 – February 6, 2012) was an American jazz guitarist from Philadelphia. Career Bean was born into a musical family in Philadelphia. His mother played the piano. His father was an amateur singer and guitarist, and his sister was a professional singer. He started on guitar at the age of twelve. His father taught him some of the basics on guitar before he received lessons from Howard Herbert. Then he studied for about one year with Dennis Sandole. During the late 1940s and 1950s, he performed at venues in the Philadelphia area. In the mid-1950s, he moved to New York City and recorded with Charlie Ventura and Red Callender, and in 1958 he moved to Los Angeles to record for Decca. In Los Angeles, he worked with Buddy Collette, Paul Horn, John Pisano, Bud Shank, Milt Bernhart, Les Elgart, Herb Geller, Lorraine Geller, Calvin Jackson, and Zoot Sims. In October, 1959, Bean returned to New York City after accepting Tony Bennett's offer to join his band. He remained with Bennett's band for less than one year. Hal Gaylor, who had been Bennett's bassist, assembled a trio with Bean and pianist Walter Norris; they called themselves The Trio and recorded an album for Riverside in 1961. Gaylor said the trio had great difficulty in finding work and disbanded shortly after recording. Bean performed with Stan Getz, Herbie Mann, and John Lewis, recording albums with Mann and Lewis. He returned to his hometown of Philadelphia, retiring in 1986. Discography As co-leader Makin' It – Guitar Duets with John Pisano (Decca, 1958) Take Your Pick with John Pisano (Decca, 1958) The Trio with Hal Gaylor, Walter Norris (Riverside, 1961) Makin' It Again with John Pisano (String Jazz, 1998) West Coast Sessions with John Pisano, Dennis Budimir (String Jazz, 2000) Finale (String Jazz, 2002) As sideman Milt Bernhart, The Sound of Bernhart (Decca, 1958) Red Callender, The Lowest (MetroJazz, 1958) Buddy Collette, Polynesia (Music & Sound, 1959) Buddy DeFranco, Cross Country Suite (Dot, 1958) Paul Horn, Plenty of Horn (Dot, 1958) Fred Katz, Folk Songs for Far Out Folk (Warner Bros., 1959) John Lewis, Essence (Atlantic, 1962) Herbie Mann, Brazil, Bossa Nova & Blues (United Artists, 1962) Herbie Mann, Right Now (Atlantic, 1962) Carmen McRae, Carmen for Cool Ones (Decca, 1958) Annie Ross & Zoot Sims, A Gasser! (World Pacific, 1959) Bud Shank, Slippery When Wet (World Pacific, 1959) Bud Shank, The Pacific Jazz Bud Shank Studio Sessions (Mosaic, 1998) Zoot Sims, Choice (Pacific Jazz, 1961) Charlie Ventura, The New Charlie Ventura in Hi-Fi (Baton, 1956) Charlie Ventura, Plays Hi-Fi Jazz (Tops, 1957) References American jazz guitarists 1933 births 2012 deaths Guitarists from Philadelphia American male guitarists 20th-century American guitarists 20th-century American male musicians Jazz musicians from Pennsylvania American male jazz musicians

67864028

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwandi%20%28constituency%29

Mwandi (constituency)

Mwandi is a constituency of the National Assembly of Zambia. It covers Mwandi District in Western Province. List of MPs References Constituencies of the National Assembly of Zambia 1991 establishments in Zambia Constituencies established in 1991

396658

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mule%20Mountains

Mule Mountains

The Mule Mountains are a north/south running mountain range located in the south-central area of Cochise County, Arizona. The highest peak, Mount Ballard, rises to . Prior to mining operations commencing there, the mountains were heavily forested with large Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii glauca) and other conifers, but these were all cut down for housing needs and to feed the ore smelting furnaces in Douglas, Arizona, approximately 20 miles due east. Now, the primary vegetation of the Mules consists of manzanita (Arctostaphylos spp.) brush, juniper, lowland oaks and pines, and various grasses. To the east of the mountain range lies Sulphur Springs Valley, and the San Pedro River and Valley to the west. The terrain is very rough, with very steep slopes descending into deep canyons. Common wildlife species include desert mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus eremicus), Coues' White-tailed deer (O. virginianus couesi), Collared Peccary (Pecari tajacu) (locally known as javalinas), various types of rodents, lizards and a wide variety of birds. The upper ridges of the mountains consist primarily of a very hard brecciate limestone, and it is very common to find fossils of clams and snails imbedded in them. Immediately to the east central area of the Mules lies the Lavender Pit, a large and very deep open pit copper mine dug and mined by the Phelps Dodge Corporation between 1951 through 1974. Over a billion tons of copper were extracted from the mine, along with significant quantities gold, silver and lead. Also, as a by-product of the mining operations, high quality turquoise (locally known as Bisbee Blue) was also discovered. On the east central slope of the Mule Mountains can be found the Copper Queen Mine. In its days of production, (late 19th century – early 20th century) it was the richest copper deposit ever discovered, causing the accompanying town of Bisbee, Arizona to prosper. Under this part of the Mule Mountains are many mining tunnels dug in pursuit of the rich copper ore. Today, Bisbee (also known as the "mile-high city," at elevation ) is largely a tourist town and retirement community along the slopes of Tombstone Canyon in the heart of the Mules. There are currently no organized mining operations in effect in the Mule Mountains. Much of the east/southeastern area of the range is private property. References External links Mule Mountains Mountain ranges of Cochise County, Arizona Madrean Sky Islands mountain ranges Mountain ranges of Arizona

7583931

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20Atlantic%20Medal

South Atlantic Medal

The South Atlantic Medal is a British campaign medal awarded to British military personnel and civilians for service in the Falklands War of 1982 between the United Kingdom and Argentina. Over 33,000 medals have been awarded. The South Atlantic Medal Association was formed in 1997 for recipients of the South Atlantic Medal. Appearance The medal is made of cupronickel, and is 36 mm in diameter. It was struck by the Royal Mint and issued by the Army Medal Office, Droitwich. It has the following design: The obverse bears a crowned effigy of The Queen facing right, with the inscription ELIZABETH II DEI GRATIA REGINA FID:DEF ("Elizabeth II, by the grace of God, Queen and Defender of the Faith"). The reverse has the Falkland Islands' coat of arms, which bears the words "DESIRE THE RIGHT" (an allusion to English explorer John Davis' ship, "Desire"). A laurel wreath below and the words "SOUTH ATLANTIC MEDAL" above make up the border. The initials and surname, rank or rating, service number and unit of the recipient are diamond engraved on the edge of the medal, although those for Royal Navy officers, as was the tradition, did not include the service number. The 32 mm ribbon has a central stripe of "sea green" flanked on each side by stripes of white and "empire blue", shaded and watered, symbolising the Atlantic Ocean. The design, attributed to HM the Queen, was based on the ribbon for the British Second World War campaign medal, the Atlantic Star, itself devised by her father King George VI. Criteria The medal with rosette was awarded for one day's service within 35° and 60° South latitude or for at least one operational sortie south of Ascension Island, between 2 April and 14 June 1982 (2 April being the date of the Argentine invasion, 14 June being the date of ceasefire now accepted as the effective Argentine surrender on the islands although the Argentine surrender did not take place until mid August). This, generally, denoted service in the combat zone. Where the rosette was worn on the ribbon, this was both with the medal and on the ribbon bar. The medal without rosette was awarded for 30 days continuous or accumulated service between 7° and 60° South latitude between 2 April and 14 June 1982 (completing no later than 12 July 1982). As a result of the 2012 Independent Medal Review conducted by Sir John Holmes, from 1 October 2014 the qualifying period for the medal without rosette was extended to 21 October 1982, the date modifications were completed to RAF Stanley airfield allowing operation of RAF Phantoms as personnel on the islands post 14 June remained under threat of potential re invasion and the islands required due attention due to mines, booby traps, burial parties and general post conflict rehabilitation. The rosette remains an unusual feature for a British medal and was used partly for economy and speed of manufacture, and also as otherwise fewer than two hundred medals would have been issued to the Royal Air Force. While for other arms the vast majority of the medals were issued with a rosette, over 90% of the medals issued to the Royal Air Force are without the rosette, with the recipients mainly stationed on Ascension Island, some north of the Falkland Islands and the war zone. An exception being the Royal Air Force Regiment who had one squadron disembark at San Carlos on 1 June. Those mentioned in despatches during the campaign wear a bronze oak leaf on the medal ribbon. Service qualifying for the South Atlantic Medal does not count towards the period required to receive the Accumulated Campaign Service Medal. Recipients Initially, about 29,700 people were awarded the medal, including Prince Andrew. Members of the Merchant Navy and civilians were also eligible, for example civil servants serving in Ascension Island, NAAFI staff, war artist Linda Kitson and journalists attached to the armed forces, including Michael Nicholson.As at 3 November 2017, as a result of an extension of the qualifying period to 21 October 1982, an additional 3,626 medals have been awarded without rosette. References External links The South Atlantic Medal Association (1982) British campaign medals Falklands War Awards of British Overseas Territories

38066127

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindhudesh%20Liberation%20Army

Sindhudesh Liberation Army

The Sindhudesh Liberation Army (also known as Sindh Liberation Army or SLA) is a Sindhi Militant organization based in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It became publicly known in 2010 after it claimed responsibility for a targeted bomb blast on railway tracks near Hyderabad, Pakistan. The group is currently active. Darya Khan is the leader of the group. Pakistan's media also stated that Jeay Sindh Muttahida Mahaz's Chairman Mr. Shafi Muhammad Burfat is operating Sindhudesh Liberation Army from Kabul, however the claim doesn't have evidence. Declaration as a terrorist organisation Sindhudesh Liberation Army is designated as terrorist organisation by the government of Pakistan. Pakistan has repeatedly accused India of supporting Sindhudesh Liberation Army. Attacks The group is responsible for low-intensity bomb explosions in parts of Sindh. In May 2012, the group claimed responsibility for low-intensity bomb explosions outside the bank branches and Automated Teller Machines (ATM) of the National Bank of Pakistan (NBP) in different districts of Sindh. Four people were injured in the attacks. In 2016, a vehicle of Chinese engineer was targeted with remote control bomb at Gulshan-e-Hadeed Karachi. Chinese national and his driver were injured in the explosion. Sindhudesh Liberation Army (SLA) claimed responsibility for the attack. On August 5, 2020, the Sindhudesh Revolutionary Army (SRA), a Group Allied with SLA, claimed responsibility for a grenade attack on a rally organized by the Jamaat-i-Islami in Karachi that injured about 40 people. The rally was taken out on the first anniversary of India government’s decision to revoke the special status of Jammu and Kashmir. See also Balochistan Liberation Army Sindhudesh Sindhi Nationalism List of Sindhudesh Liberation Army attacks on Pakistan infrastructure in Sindh Insurgency in Sindh References Organisations designated as terrorist by Pakistan National liberation movements Separatism in Pakistan Rebel groups in Pakistan Sindhi nationalism Research and Analysis Wing activities in Pakistan

1332334

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1919%20World%20Series

1919 World Series

The 1919 World Series was the championship series in Major League Baseball for the 1919 season. The 16th edition of the World Series, it matched the American League champion Chicago White Sox against the National League champion Cincinnati Reds. Although most World Series have been of the best-of-seven format, the 1919 World Series was a best-of-nine series (along with , , and ). Major League Baseball decided to try the best-of-nine format partly to increase popularity of the sport and partly to generate more revenue. The events of the series are often associated with the Black Sox Scandal, when several members of the Chicago franchise conspired with gamblers, allegedly led by Arnold Rothstein, to throw the World Series games. The 1919 World Series was the last World Series to take place without a Commissioner of Baseball in place. In 1920, the various franchise owners installed Kenesaw Mountain Landis as the first "Commissioner of Baseball." In August 1921, despite being acquitted from criminal charges, eight players from the White Sox were banned from organized baseball for either fixing the series or having knowledge about the fix. Teams Chicago White Sox In 1917, the Sox won the World Series and, managed by William "Kid" Gleason, the 1919 Chicago White Sox had the best record in the American League. Team owner Charlie Comiskey had succeeded in building one of the most powerful teams in baseball. Most of the same players had defeated the New York Giants in the 1917 World Series, four games to two. They had fallen to sixth place in the American League in 1918, largely as a result of losing their best player, Shoeless Joe Jackson, and a few of his teammates as well, to World War I service. Comiskey fired manager Pants Rowland after the season, replacing him with Kid Gleason, who had played over 20 years in the majors but had never managed before. The 88–52 White Sox won the American League pennant again in 1919, by games over the Cleveland Indians (world champions the following year). Jackson was the unquestioned star of the team. The left fielder hit .351 that season, fourth in the league and in the AL's top five in slugging percentage, RBI, total bases and base hits. He was not the only star in a lineup with hardly a weak spot, as former A's superstar leadoff hitter Eddie Collins, one of the greatest second basemen of all time, was still going strong in his early thirties, hitting .319 with a .400 on-base percentage. Right fielder Nemo Leibold hit .302 with 81 runs scored. First baseman Chick Gandil hit .290, third baseman Buck Weaver .296, and center fielder Oscar "Hap" Felsch hit .275 and tied Jackson for the team lead in home runs with only 7 (as the dead-ball era was coming to a close). Even typical "good field, no hit" catcher Ray Schalk hit .282 that year, and shortstop Swede Risberg was not an automatic out with the .256 average and 38 RBI. Manager Gleason's bench contained two impressive hitters, outfielder Shano Collins and infielder Fred McMullin, both veterans of the 1917 world championship. The 1919 pennant-winning pitching staff was led by a pair of aces and a very promising rookie. Knuckleballer Eddie Cicotte had become one of the AL's best pitchers after turning 30 and discovering the "shine ball;" he had won 28 games for the 1917 champions, and after an off-year in 1918 had come back with a hefty 29–7, leading the league in wins and second in earned run average to Washington's veteran "Big Train" Walter Johnson. Next came Claude "Lefty" Williams, at 23–11 and 2.64. Twenty-six-year-old rookie Dickie Kerr started only 17 games, but turned in a solid 13–7 and 2.88. Fourth in the rotation was Urban "Red" Faber, who had beaten the Giants three times in the 1917 World Series but had an off-year in 1919 at 11–9 and 3.83 in 20 starts. He was ill and unable to pitch in the Series, limiting Gleason to three top-of-the-line starters for what could be nine games. However, all was not well in the White Sox camp. Tension between many of the players and owner Comiskey was quite high, given his penny-pinching ways memorialized in two urban legends: (1) that he told Gleason to shut down Cicotte in the last days of the regular season to prevent him from winning 30 games, a milestone which would have earned him a sizeable $10,000 bonus; (2) that many derided the White Sox as the Black Sox because Comiskey wouldn't pay to have their uniforms laundered regularly, and they became blacker and blacker due to accumulated sweat, grime, and dirt. Cincinnati Reds In contrast to the White Sox, the 1919 Cincinnati Reds were upstarts. They had finished no higher than third since 1900, and then only twice, before winning the NL pennant handily in 1919. Under new manager Pat Moran, best known as the leader of another bunch of unlikely newcomers to the World Series, the 1915 Philadelphia Phillies, the Reds finished nine games in front of the runner-up New York Giants at 96–44 and at least 20 games ahead of the other six, with the second highest NL won-lost percentage since 1910 at .686. Their greatest star was center fielder Edd Roush, who led the league in hitting at .321 and, like the White Sox's Jackson, was in the top five of their respective leagues in most important hitting categories. Third baseman Heinie Groh was the other great hitter on the team at .310 with a .392 on-base percentage and 79 runs scored. Slick-fielding first baseman Jake Daubert, a two-time National League batting champion with Brooklyn earlier in the decade, also scored 79 runs and hit .276, while catcher Ivey Wingo hit .273. The rest of the team was unheralded, including second baseman Morrie Rath, a .264 hitter with no power but a good on-base percentage, and shortstop Larry Kopf, a .270 singles hitter. The corner outfielders were decidedly weaker hitters, with former Phillies star left fielder Sherry Magee's .215 in 56 games and right fielder Earle "Greasy" Neale's .242 with little power. This would prompt Moran to start rookie Pat Duncan in left field in the World Series. The Reds' pitching was universally solid, however. The team's big three included Hod Eller (20–9, 2.39), Dutch Ruether (19–6, 1.82) and Slim Sallee (21–7, 2.06), all among the league leaders in various categories. They were backed by three other pitchers who were almost as successful: Jimmy Ring at only 10–9 but 2.26, Ray Fisher at 14–5 and 2.17 with five shutouts, and Cuban Dolf Luque at 10–3 and 2.63, former and future Giant who would win the last game of the 1933 World Series in long relief for New York. It was a deep and talented staff, a definite advantage in a Series whose format had just been changed from best of seven to best of nine. The Fix The conspirators got an unexpected assist when a flu-stricken Faber was left off the World Series roster. Indeed, years later catcher Schalk said that had Faber been healthy, there never would have been a fix (since he almost certainly would have gotten starts that went to Cicotte or Williams). Despite their many wins on the field, the White Sox were an unhappy team. Many observers believe that it was Comiskey's stinginess that was largely to blame for the Black Sox scandal, despite the fact that the 1919 White Sox payroll was third highest in the American League, behind only Boston and New York. Stories of the "Black Sox" scandal have usually included Comiskey in its gallery of subsidiary villains, focusing in particular on his intentions regarding a clause in Cicotte's contract that would have paid Cicotte an additional $10,000 bonus for winning 30 games. According to Eliot Asinof's account of the events, Eight Men Out, Cicotte was "rested" for the season's final two weeks after reaching his 29th win presumably to deny him the bonus, but the truth may be more complex. Cicotte won his 29th game on September 19, had an ineffective start on September 24 and was pulled after a few innings in a tuneup on the season's final day, September 28 (three days before the Series opener). In addition, Cicotte reportedly agreed to the fix the same day he won his 29th game before he could have known of any efforts to deny him a chance to win his 30th. The story was probably true with regard to the 1917 season, however, when Cicotte won 28 games and hurled the White Sox to the world championship. Although rumors were swirling among the gamblers (according to Tom Meany in his chapter on the 1919 Reds in "Baseball's Greatest Teams," "Cincinnati money was pouring in" even though the White Sox were regarded as the overwhelming favorite) and some of the press, most fans and observers were taking the Series at face value. On October 2, the day of Game 2, the Philadelphia Bulletin published a poem which would quickly prove to be ironic: Still, it really doesn't matter, After all, who wins the flag. Good clean sport is what we're after, And we aim to make our brag To each near or distant nation Whereon shines the sporting sun That of all our games gymnastic Base ball is the cleanest one! Summary Matchups Game 1 The first game began at 3 pm at Cincinnati's Redland Field, with 30,511 fans in the stands and ticket scalpers outside the park raking in at least $50 per ticket. Chicago failed to score in the top of the first. In the bottom of the inning, Cicotte (who was paid his $10,000 the night before the series began) took the mound and hit the leadoff hitter, Morrie Rath, in the back with his second pitch, a prearranged signal to Arnold Rothstein that the fix was on. Even so, the game remained close for a while, due in part to some excellent defense from the conspirators, seeking to deflect suspicion from themselves. In the fourth, however, Cicotte "went haywire" (again according to Meany, op. cit.), allowing a number of hits in succession climaxed by a two-out triple to the opposing pitcher, as the Reds scored five times to break a 1–1 tie. Cicotte was relieved at that point, but the damage was done and the Reds went on to add three more runs in later innings and win 9–1. Sportswriters thought that a bad throw by Cicotte to Risberg in the fourth inning, which prevented a possible double play, was suspicious. By that evening, there already were signs that things were going wrong. Only Cicotte, who had shrewdly demanded his $10,000 in advance, had been paid. "Sleepy" Bill Burns and Maharg met with Abe Attell, the former world boxing champ and Rothstein's intermediary, but he withheld the next installment ($20,000) nonetheless to bet on the next game. The next morning Gandil met Attell and again demanded money, but again to no avail. Game 2 Although they had not received their money, the players were still willing to go through with the fix. "Lefty" Williams, the starting pitcher in Game 2, was not going to be as obvious as Cicotte. After a shaky start, he pitched well until the fourth inning, when he walked three and gave up as many runs. After that he became virtually unhittable again, giving up only one more run; but lack of clutch hitting, with Gandil a particularly guilty party, led to a 4–2 White Sox loss. Attell was still in no mood to pay up afterwards, but Burns managed to get hold of $10,000 and gave it to Gandil, who distributed it among the conspirators. The teams headed northwest to Comiskey Park in Chicago for Game 3 the next day, with no days off for travel in this Series. Game 3 Rookie pitcher Dickey Kerr, the Game 3 starter for the Sox, was not in on the fix. The original plan was for the conspirators, who disliked Kerr, to lose this game, but by now dissent among the players meant that the plan was in disarray. Burns still had faith and gathered the last of his resources to bet on Cincinnati. It was a decision that would leave him broke, as Chicago scored early—with Gandil himself driving in two runs—and Kerr was masterful, holding the Reds to three hits in a 3–0 complete game shutout. Game 4 Cicotte took the mound again for Game 4, and was determined not to look as bad as he had in Game 1. For the first four innings, he and Reds pitcher Jimmy Ring matched zeroes. With one out in the fifth, Cicotte fielded a slow roller by Pat Duncan but threw wildly to first for a two-base error. The next man up, Larry Kopf, singled to left; Cicotte cut off the throw from Jackson and fumbled the ball, allowing Duncan to score. The home crowd was stunned by the veteran pitcher's obvious mistake. Cicotte then surrendered a double to Greasy Neale which scored Kopf to make it 2–0; this was enough of a lead for Ring, who hurled a three-hit shutout of his own, matching Kerr's in Game 3. The Reds led the Series 3–1. After the game "Sport" Sullivan came through with $20,000 for the players, which Gandil split equally among Risberg, Felsch, and Williams, who was due to start Game 5 the next day. Game 5 Game 5 was postponed by rain for a day. Both starters, Williams and Cincinnati's Hod Eller, pitched excellently at first, with neither allowing a runner past first until the top of the sixth, when Eller himself hit a blooper that fell between Felsch and Jackson. Felsch's throw was offline, sending Eller all the way to third. Leadoff hitter Morrie Rath then singled over the drawn-in infield, scoring Eller. Heinie Groh walked before Edd Roush's double—the result of more doubtful defense from Felsch—brought home two more runs, with Roush scoring shortly thereafter. Eller pitched well enough (he struck out nine batters, including a then-World Series record six in a row, since tied by Moe Drabowsky in the 1966 World Series opener) for the four runs to stand up, and the Reds were only one game away from their first world championship. Game 6 The Series reverted to Cincinnati for Game 6. Dickey Kerr, starting for the White Sox, was less dominant than in Game 3. Aided by three White Sox errors, the Reds jumped out to a 4–0 lead before Chicago fought back, tying the game at 4-4 in the sixth, which remained the score into extra innings. In the top of the tenth, Gandil drove in Weaver to make it 5–4, and Kerr closed it out to record his — and Chicago's — second win. Game 7 Despite the rumors already circulating about Cicotte's erratic performances in Games 1 and 4, White Sox manager Kid Gleason showed faith in his ace for Game 7. This time, the knuckleballer did not let him down. Chicago scored early and, for once, it was Cincinnati that committed errors. The Reds threatened only briefly in the sixth before losing 4–1, and suddenly the Series was relatively close again. This marked the only time in World Series history that the winner of Game 7 did not ultimately go on to win the series. This did not go unnoticed by Sullivan and Rothstein, who were suddenly worried. Before the Series started, the Sox had been strong favorites and few doubted they could win two games in a row—presuming that they were trying to win. Rothstein had been too smart to bet on individual games, but had $270,000 riding on Cincinnati to win the Series. The night before Game 8, Williams—the scheduled starter—was supposedly visited by an associate of Sullivan's known as Harry F who left no doubt that if he failed to blow the game in the first inning, he and his wife would be in serious danger. To date, this is the only time the White Sox have ever played in a Game 7. Game 8 Whatever Williams had been told made its impression. In the first, throwing nothing but mediocre fastballs, he gave up four straight one-out hits for three runs before Gleason relieved him with "Big" Bill James, who allowed one of Williams' baserunners to score. James continued ineffective and, although the Sox rallied in the eighth, the Reds came away with a 10–5 victory for a five-games-to-three Series win. Jackson hit the only homer of the Series in the third inning after the Reds had built a 5–0 lead. Immediately after the Series ended, rumors were rife from coast to coast that the games had been thrown. Journalist Hugh Fullerton of the Chicago Herald and Examiner, disgusted by the display of ineptitude with which the White Sox had "thrown" the series, wrote that no World Series should ever be played again. Composite line score 1919 World Series (5–3): Cincinnati Reds (N.L.) over Chicago White Sox (A.L.) Notable performances Jackson led all players with his .375 average. Some believed that most of his offensive potency came in games that were not fixed and/or when the game seemed out of reach. He hit the Series' lone home run in the eighth and final game, a solo shot in the third inning, by which time the Reds were already ahead 5–0. His five hits with runners in scoring position came in: Game 6, sixth inning with Kerr pitching; Game 7, first and third innings; Game 8, two in the four-run eighth. Shoeless Joe had 12 hits overall, a World Series record at that time. Cincinnati Reds Greasy Neale (OF): 10-for-28; .357 batting average; 3 runs; 2 doubles; 1 triple; 4 RBI Hod Eller (P): 2 complete games (1 shutout); 2 wins; 18 innings pitched; 13 hits allowed, 4 earned runs; 2 bases-on-balls; 15 strikeouts; 2.00 ERA Chicago White Sox Joe Jackson (OF): 12-for-32; .375 batting average; 5-for-12 w/ men in scoring position; 5 runs; 3 doubles; 1 home run; 6 RBI Ray Schalk (C): 7-for-23; .304 batting average; 2-for-3 w/ men in scoring position; 1 run; 2 RBI Buck Weaver (3B): 11-for-34; .324 batting average; 1-for-5 w/ men in scoring position; 4 runs; 4 doubles; 1 triple Dickie Kerr (P): 2 games (started); 2 complete games (1 shutout); 2 wins; 19 innings pitched; 14 hits allowed; 3 earned runs; 3 bases-on-balls; 6 strikeouts; 1.42 ERA In modern culture A Pathé Newsreel with a few minutes of footage of the series, including the suspicious Cicotte-Risberg throw, was found in the Dawson Film Find in 1978.. In the 1925 book The Great Gatsby, Meyer Wolfsheim, one of the supporting characters, is said to have fixed the 1919 World Series. The character is an allusion to Arnold Rothstein, whom the author F. Scott Fitzgerald met once. In the 1974 film The Godfather Part II, Hyman Roth states that he has liked baseball since Arnold Rothstein fixed the 1919 World Series. The eight banned players, most prominently Shoeless Joe Jackson, are principal characters in the 1982 novel Shoeless Joe, and its 1989 film adaptation, Field of Dreams. The 1988 film Eight Men Out, based on the book by Eliot Asinof, is about the fix itself. The television show Boardwalk Empire discusses the event in great detail. In Episode 6, Season 5 of Mad Men ("Far Away Places"), Roger Sterling imagines he is watching the 1919 World Series from his bathtub while on an LSD trip. In Episode 17, Season 2 of Friday the 13th: the Series, "The Mephisto Ring", the eponymous cursed artifact is a 1919 World Series ring that tells its owner the winners in any manner of gambling venue after it has killed the person wearing it. The history of the match and the teams involved is briefly touched on by a phone call the character Micki makes near the start of the episode to try and locate the ring. The story of the scandal was retold by Katie Nolan in the sixth season of Drunk History. Notes References Chicago Historical Society: Black Sox Famous American Trials: The Black Sox Trial External links Eight Men Out — IMDb page on the 1988 movie, written and directed by John Sayles and based on Asinof's book World Series World Series World Series 1910s in Cincinnati Chicago White Sox postseason Cincinnati Reds postseason Major League Baseball controversies World Series October 1919 sports events Sports competitions in Cincinnati Sports competitions in Chicago 1910s in Chicago

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Major%20League%20Baseball%20career%20assists%20as%20a%20third%20baseman%20leaders

List of Major League Baseball career assists as a third baseman leaders

In baseball, an assist (denoted by A) is a defensive statistic, baseball being one of the few sports in which the defensive team controls the ball. An assist is credited to every defensive player who fields or touches the ball (after it has been hit by the batter) prior to the recording of a putout, even if the contact was unintentional. For example, if a ball strikes a player's leg and bounces off him to another fielder, who tags the baserunner, the first player is credited with an assist. A fielder can receive a maximum of one assist per out recorded. An assist is also credited if a putout would have occurred, had another fielder not committed an error. For example, a shortstop might field a ground ball cleanly, but the first baseman might drop his throw. In this case, an error would be charged to the first baseman, and the shortstop would be credited with an assist. Unlike putouts, exactly one of which is awarded for every defensive out, an out can result in no assists being credited (as in strikeouts, fly outs and line drives), or in assists being credited to multiple players (as in relay throws and rundown plays). Third base, or 3B, is the third of four stations on a baseball diamond which must be touched in succession by a baserunner in order to score a run for that player's team. A third baseman is the player on the team playing defense who fields the area nearest third base, and is responsible for the majority of plays made at that base. In the scoring system used to record defensive plays, the third baseman is assigned the number 5. The third baseman requires good reflexes in reacting to batted balls, often being the closest infielder (roughly 90–120 feet) to the batter. The third base position requires a strong and accurate arm, as the third baseman often makes long throws to first base. The third baseman sometimes must throw quickly to second base in time to start a double play, and must also field fly balls in both fair and foul territory. Third basemen are most commonly credited with an assist when they field a ground ball and throw the ball either to the first baseman to retire the batter/runner, or to the second baseman to force out a runner, perhaps beginning a double play. Other common ways in which third basemen gain an assist are by throwing out a runner attempting to score (perhaps on a squeeze play), perhaps on a relay throw from the left fielder, rundown plays in which a runner is stranded between bases, throwing out a runner attempting to steal home on a pickoff throw, and throwing to first or second base after catching a line drive in order to retire a runner before they can tag up. Third basemen typically accumulate fewer assists than second basemen or shortstops due to the frequency of ground balls to the middle infielders, but far more than players at other positions. Because the physical demands of playing third base historically hindered players from having long careers at the position, all but three of the 25 third basemen with the longest careers have reached the major leagues since 1943; even as increasing strikeouts in baseball have reduced the frequency of other defensive outs including ground outs, longer seasons and careers in recent decades have more than compensated for the difference. The top 15 leaders in career assists at third base all reached the major leagues after 1950, and all but nine of the top 62 single-season totals have been recorded since 1957. Brooks Robinson is the all-time leader in career assists as a third baseman with 6,205, which was 1,624 more than any other player at the time of his retirement; he remains the only third baseman with more than 6,000 career assists. Key List Stats updated as of the end of the 2022 season. Other Hall of Famers Notes References External links Major League Baseball statistics Assists as a third baseman

31731032

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonese%20nasal-stop%20alternation

Cantonese nasal-stop alternation

In Cantonese phonology, a close relationship exists between the nasal codas (-m, -n, -ŋ) and the stop codas (-p, -t, -k). These two types of codas can also be classified into three homorganic pairs: the bilabial m/p, the dental n/t, and the velar ŋ/k. Their close association is best evidenced by the very fact that all stop sounds come from nasal sounds. The phonological alternation Apart from phonetical association, the homorganic pairs are also semantically related. For some characters (or words) with syllables ending in nasals, there are semantically similar characters which have the hormorganic stops. For example, both dam3 揼 and “dap1” 耷 means ‘to hang down’. The initial consonants and the vowels of the alternating pair are identical while the terminal nasal /–m/ and stop /–p/ are a homorganic pair. In Cantonese phonology, this interesting phenomenon is known as nasal-stop alternation (), mainly an alternation of homorganic consonants between nasal and stop finals. In other dialects, it could be oral-nasal or oral-stop alternation. Regarding the initial consonants, a few items may alternate between aspirated and unaspirated initial stops, e.g. “kim4” 拑 ‘to pinch’ and “gip6” 挟 ‘to squeeze together’. As for tones, high or low tones on syllables with nasal codas usually (but not always) correspond to high or low tones on syllables with stop codas, e.g. “ngam4” 吟 ‘to grumble’ has a low tone whereas “ngap1” 噏 ‘to babble’ has a high tone. Many of these characters are colloquial verbs which lack standard Chinese characters as their written forms. For example, there is not a widely accepted character for “jip3”, ‘to pickle in salt’. Consequently, the hormorganic character “jim1” 腌 is also used to represent both syllables. The same is true for ‘‘doeŋ3’’ 啄 ‘to peck’ being used to stand for ‘‘doek1’’ as well. As for their semantics or usage, the paired characters are not completely equivalent or interchangeable in every case. The colloquial verb “kam2” 冚 seems to be more commonly used than the corresponding “kap1” 扱, both meaning ‘to cover on top’. On the other hand, “fiŋ6” 捹 and “fik6” 扐 both mean ‘to throw away; to swing an object in the hand’ and are interchangeable; the same is also true for “niŋ1” 拎 and “nik1” 搦 ‘to carry in the hand’. Different theories Most linguists believe that the syllables with nasal codas are the more basic originals while the stops are the colloquial variants. A few opine that there are an equal number of word pairings that are originated from the syllables with stop codas. However, it is generally agreed that the usage of the nasal members are less restricted than their stop counterparts. Other linguists regard the alternation between homorganic final consonants in pairs of semantically-related words as a feature widely found among languages of Southeast Asia as well as south China (Chuang-chia and Hmong for example). Such paired words belong to a “word-family”, a term first used by Bernhard Karlgren (1934) to refer to sets of words with similar (but not identical) sound in Archaic Chinese that were related in meaning, representing relics of morphological processes. Similarly, Bauer notes that the Cantonese phenomenon is believed to be a remnant of an ancient word-derivation process, now no longer productive, in which different types of suffixes (causative and transitive) were attached to lexical roots. Some examples In the Cantonese syllabary, there are about 50 pairs of such characters that show alternation between homorganic nasal and stop codas. The following is a list of some examples for reference: References External links Modern Cantonese Phonology by Robert S. Bauer and Paul K. Benedict (Ohio State University) Homorganic Nasal/Stop Alterations in Cantonese by Benjamin K. T'sou (University of Hong Kong) Cantonese phonology Cantonese language

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitate%20bone

Capitate bone

The capitate bone is a bone in the human wrist found in the center of the carpal bone region, located at the distal end of the radius and ulna bones. It articulates with the third metacarpal bone (the middle finger) and forms the third carpometacarpal joint. The capitate bone is the largest of the carpal bones in the human hand. It presents, above, a rounded portion or head, which is received into the concavity formed by the scaphoid and lunate bones; a constricted portion or neck; and below this, the body. The bone is also found in many other mammals, and is homologous with the "third distal carpal" of reptiles and amphibians. Structure The capitate is the largest carpal bone found within the hand. The capitate is found within the distal row of carpal bones. The capitate lies directly adjacent to the metacarpal of the ring finger on its distal surface, has the hamate on its ulnar surface and trapezoid on its radial surface, and abuts the lunate and scaphoid proximally. Surfaces The proximal surface is round, smooth, and articulates with the lunate bone. The distal surface is divided by two ridges into three facets, for articulation with the second, third, and fourth metacarpal bones, that for the third being the largest. The dorsal surface is broad and rough. The palmar surface is narrow, rounded, and rough, for the attachment of ligaments and a part of the adductor pollicis muscle. The lateral surface articulates with the lesser multangular by a small facet at its anterior inferior angle, behind which is a rough depression for the attachment of an interosseous ligament. Above this is a deep, rough groove, forming part of the neck, and serving for the attachment of ligaments; it is bounded superiorly by a smooth, convex surface, for articulation with the scaphoid bone. The medial surface articulates with the hamate bone by a smooth, concave, oblong facet, which occupies its posterior and superior parts; it is rough in front, for the attachment of an interosseous ligament. Variation The capitate bone variably articulates with the metacarpal of the index finger. However, its normal articulation is with the middle finger. Development The ossification of capitate starts at 1 – 5 months. Function The carpal bones function as a unit to provide a bony superstructure for the hand. They allow movements of the wrist from side to side (medial to lateral) as well as up and down (anterior to posterior). H. A. Harris wrote in the British Medical Journal in 1944 that "the strength of construction of the hand in a man is concentrated in the radius, thumb, and index and middle fingers." Therefore, the capitate is larger to support the strength and stress that the middle finger undergoes. Clinical significance A capitate fracture accounts for 1.3% of all wrist fractures. Isolated fractures of the capitate comprise only 0.3% and are often non-displaced. This is since the capitate is at the centre of the carpal region and is therefore quite well protected. Capitate fractures occur together with fractures of another carpal bone, the scaphoid. Various mechanisms for fractures of the capitate have been postulated. Adler et al. described three mechanisms—the first is direct trauma to the dorsal surface of the bone, the second is fall on the palm with the wrist in forced extension and the third is fall on the forcefully flexed hand; the second being the most frequent and the third rarest. In the case of an acute capitate fracture where there is x-ray evidence of excellent alignment of the fracture fragments, the attending doctor will immobilise the wrist in a plaster or lightweight wrist brace. Once the cast has been removed the patient begins physiotherapy to regain the range of movement of the wrist joint and strength in the muscles involved. If x-rays show that the capitate fracture fragments are out of alignment, surgery is indicated. A surgeon can use small compression screws or K-wires to unite the two pieces of bone. The headless compression screw has advantage over the K-wire as it provides compression across the fracture site and allows early motion. It may be the case that the ligament between the сapitate and the scaphoid bone is also injured; if so, this would be repaired at the same time. Because the capitate has a poor blood supply there are sometimes complications with the healing process. This may manifest itself as a diffuse ache in the wrist upon activity, and can persist for many months. This is due to a breakdown of the capitate caused by the lack of blood supply and healing (avascular necrosis). Nonunion has been reported as the most common complication; 19.6% to 56% in isolated capitate fractures. Early diagnosis is key to preventing this. Etymology The name of the bone derives from 'having a head', from - 'head'. Additional images See also Carpal bone References Sources Saladin, Kenneth S. "The Skeletal System." Anatomy and Physiology. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2015. N. pag. Print. Harris, H. A. "Fractures Of The Carpal Bones." The British Medical Journal 2.4367 (1944): 381. JSTOR. Web. 28 Nov. 2016. Skeletal system Wrist Bones of the hand Carpal bones

5774107

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ixodiphagus

Ixodiphagus

Ixodiphagus is a genus of encyrtid wasp. They lay their eggs into ticks. Species I. brunneus (Girault, 1925) I. hirtus Nikol'skaya, 1950 I. hookeri (Howard, 1908) I. mysorensis Mani, 1941 I. sagarensis (Geevarghese, 1977) I. texanus Howard, 1907 I. theilerae (Fiedler, 1953) Synonyms The following synonyms of Ixodiphagus are known: Australzaomma Girault, 1925 Hunterellus Howard, 1908 References External links Ixodiphagus at the Universal Chalcidoidea Database Encyrtinae Hymenoptera genera Parasites of arthropods

38211068

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botryococcene%20synthase

Botryococcene synthase

Botryococcene synthase (, SSL-3 (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name C30 botryococcene:NADP+ oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction C30 botryococcene + NADP+ + diphosphate presqualene diphosphate + NADPH + H+ This enzyme is isolated from the green alga Botryococcus braunii BOT22. References External links EC 1.3.1

9269459

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amora%20London

Amora London

Amora London was an European touring exhibition dedicated to love, relationships and sexual wellbeing. Covering nine zones, London Amora London was the world's first visitor attraction dedicated to these themes. The first city toured was London in England, where Amora ran for 15 months starting April 2007 and was located near Piccadilly Circus in Coventry Street, central London. Media reports in the United Kingdom from reputable sources such as the BBC discussed the event, leading to titles such as, "Let's Talk Sex In The City" (in reference to the HBO series Sex and the City). International art dealer of DCA Fine Art, Delia Cabral, was heavily involved in the production of this exhibition. Comments Tracey Cox, a sex and relationship expert, said, "You can walk in to that place knowing nothing about relationships or sex and come out pretty much knowing everything there is to know, and able to go and have a very satisfying relationship." Dr. Sarah Brewer, director of exhibits at the exhibition said: "The British have been very reserved about sex but are now more open than they have ever been." Sex therapist Anne Hooper said: "London has needed a public centre for sex information for many years. It’s no coincidence that only now, in 2007, we can be open and frank enough for such an institution to be acceptable." Kevan Wylie, General Secretary of the European Federation of Sexology commented: "I am pleased to support the launch of Amora. Anything that helps people to have the confidence to share ideas, desires and wishes with their partners must be welcomed and encouraged. References External links 2007 establishments in England 2008 disestablishments in England Tourist attractions in the City of Westminster Defunct tourist attractions in London Sexuality in England Sexuality in popular culture Sex education in Europe Animatronic attractions

70328221

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iv%C3%A1n%20Ortol%C3%A1

Iván Ortolá

Iván Ortolá Díez (born 4 August 2004) is a Spanish Grand Prix motorcycle racer competing in the 2022 Moto3 World Championship for the Angeluss MTA Team. Career statistics Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup Races by year (key) (Races in bold indicate pole position, races in italics indicate fastest lap) Grand Prix motorcycle racing By season By class Races by year (key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap) References 2004 births Living people Spanish motorcycle racers Sportspeople from Valencia Moto3 World Championship riders

3623000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%20Khawr

Al Khawr

Al Khawr, also spelled Al Khor, may refer to: Al Khor, a town located in northern Qatar Al Khor Municipality, the municipality in which Al Khor town is located in Al Khawr, Iran Al Khawr, Yemen See also Khor (disambiguation)

22515404

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West%20Hill%20Historic%20District%20%28West%20Hartford%2C%20Connecticut%29

West Hill Historic District (West Hartford, Connecticut)

The West Hill Historic District is a prestigious residential subdivision of the town of West Hartford, Connecticut. Originally the site of the estate of Cornelius J. Vanderbilt, son of transportation magnate Cornelius Vanderbilt, it was developed as a planned subdivision of upper-class residences in the 1920s. It was established as a local historic district in 1988, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996. Description and history The West Hill subdivision is located east of West Hartford center, on the north side of Farmingtion Avenue between Vanderbilt Road and Hamilton Avenue. West Hill Drive consists of a semi-circular loop with ends on Farmington Avenue, and a longer loop extending northward from that one. The subdivision is flanked on two sides by a low brownstone wall that was originally part of the Vanderbilt estate, and is entered through original openings flanked by piers. The subdivision has 25 residences, set on properties roughly in size. All are two stories in height, and of similar massing and setback, although they differ stylistically. Fourteen of the houses are Colonial Revival in style, nine are Tudor Revival, and two are a combination of the two styles. All but two are finished in either brick or stucco. Land for the West Hill estate was purchased in 1857 by "Commodore" Cornelius Vanderbilt as a place for his epileptic son Cornelius Jeremiah Vanderbilt to live. It was not immediately developed, and was sold by the father in 1872 and repurchased by the son in 1879. He had the estate developed, but never lived there, and committed suicide in New York City in 1882. The estate was purchased by Ira Dimock in 1888. Dimock's son demolished the mansion in 1918, and platted out the subdivision. The further development of the area was constrained by a number of restrictive covenants, including stipulations that the wall be retained, setbacks of the house from West Hill Drive be exactly , the house cost at least $10,000, and that it be designed by a seller-approved architect. The development process was largely overseen by Dimock's business partner Horace Grant. Early residents of the area were mainly prominent local businessmen. Gallery See also National Register of Historic Places listings in West Hartford, Connecticut References Colonial Revival architecture in Connecticut West Hartford, Connecticut Historic districts in Hartford County, Connecticut National Register of Historic Places in Hartford County, Connecticut Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Connecticut

1354285

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Ruthenian%20language

Old Ruthenian language

Old Ruthenian language may refer to: Old East Slavic, a language used in the 10th to 14th centuries by East Slavs in Kyivan Rus', ancestor of Russian and Ruthenian (ancestor of Belarusian, Rusyn, and Ukrainian) Ruthenian language, a language used in the 15th to 18th centuries in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Cossack state, ancestor of Belarusian, Rusyn, and Ukrainian

59884904

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallgren

Wallgren

Wallgren may refer to: Arvid Wallgren (1889–1973), Swedish pediatrician Elia (Wallgrén) (born 1961), bishop of the Finnish Orthodox Church Gunn Wållgren (1913–1983), Swedish actress Henning Wallgren (born 1968), Norwegian competitive shooter Ingrid Wallgren (1923–2016), Swedish canoeist Jocke Wallgren, drummer for Swedish band Amon Amarth Karin Lundgren (née Wallgren; born 1944), Swedish sprinter Monrad Wallgren (1891–1961), American politician Thomas Wallgren (born 1958), Finnish philosopher, activist, and politician See also Wahlgren

39088189

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20pedophile%20advocacy%20organizations

List of pedophile advocacy organizations

This is a list of current and former pedophile advocacy groups that support child sexual abuse. Organizations by country International Ipce (formerly International Pedophile and Child Emancipation; changed its name in 1998 for public relations reasons). It was founded in the early 1990s. As of 2005, it had 79 members in 20 countries. Australia Australasian Man/Boy Love Association (AMBLA). An associate of Ipce. Australian Paedophile Support Group (APSG). Founded in 1980 or 1983. Its membership was very small. It was disbanded due to police activity and succeeded by the Boy Lovers and Zucchini Eaters (BLAZE). This group was also dismantled by police. Belgium Dokumentatiedienst Pedofilie. Centre de recherche et d'information sur l'enfance et la sexualité (fr), 1982–1986. Founded by Philippe Charpentier. The group published the magazine L'Espoir. Fach Und Selbsthilfegruppe Paedophilie. Founded in the early 1970s. Stiekum. Studiegroep Pedofilie. Defunct. Canada Coalition Pédophile Québécois. Associated with Ipce. Fondation Nouvelle. Defunct. Denmark Danish Pedophile Association (DPA), 1985–2004. France Groupe de Recherche pour une Enfance Différente (GRED), 1979–1987. The group published the bulletin Le Petit Gredin (The Little Rogue). Germany AG-Pädo. Founded in 1991 by the association Arbeitsgruppe des Bundesverbandes Homosexualität. Aktion Freis Leben (AFL). Arbeitskreis Päderastie-Pädophilie (APF). Active in the early 1980s. Arbeitsgemeinschaft Humane Sexualität (AHS) (de). Arbeitsgemeinschaft "Schwule, Päderasten und Transsexuelle" ("Working Group 'Gays, Pederasts and Transsexuals'"). A 1980s faction of the German Green Party involved in pro-pedophile activism. Now defunct and viewed with embarrassment. Deutsche Studien- und Arbeitsgemeinschaft Pädophilie (DSAP). 1979–1983. Fach und Selbsthilfegruppe Paedophilie. Indianerkommune. Active from the 1970s through the mid-1980s. Commune that pressured the Green Party, sometimes violently, for what it considered to be children's liberation. Kanalratten. Offshoot of the Indianerkommune but for female pedophiles. Krumme 13 (K13). Pädogruppe, Rat und Tat-Zentrum. Pädophile Selbsthilfe- und Emanzipationsgruppe München (SHG). Starting in 2003, police began raiding its members, resulting in more than half a million items of child pornography seized and multiple arrests. Verein für sexuelle Gleichberechtigung. Founded in Munich. 1973–1988. Italy Gruppo P. Founded by Francesco Vallini, who was a journalist at the gay magazine Babilonia. He and ten others associated with Gruppo P were arrested in 1993. At the time, the magazine's editorial staff defended him. The group published the bulletin Corriere del pedofili. Netherlands Jon. Founded in 1979 by the Dutch Society for Sexual Reform. Party for Neighbourly Love, Freedom, and Diversity, 2006–2010, restarted in 2020. Dutch political party that advocates for lowering the legal age of consent to 12 years old (with the goal of eventually abolishing it) and legalizing child pornography. It never participated in any elections and has only three known members. In 2020 the party was restarted. Vereniging Martijn. Founded in 1982. On 27 June 2012 a Dutch court ruled that the group was illegal and ordered it to disband immediately. However this decision was overturned by a higher court in April 2013. The judge motivated their decision by stating that the club did not commit crimes and had the right of freedom of association. This was itself overturned by the Dutch Supreme Court on 18 April 2014, reinstating the trial judge's order and banning the organization for trivializing and glorifying pedophilic acts. The association filed an appeal at the European Court of Human Rights but it was rejected. The group published OK Magazine. Norway Norwegian Pedophile Group. Amnesty for Child Sexuality. Switzerland Schweizerische Arbeitsgemeinschaft Pädophile. United Kingdom Paedophile Action for Liberation, formed in 1974, merged with PIE in 1975. Paedophile Information Exchange (PIE), 1974–1984. United States Childhood Sensuality Circle (CSC). Founded in 1971 in San Diego, California, by a student of Wilhelm Reich. Defunct by the mid-1980s. North American Man/Boy Love Association (NAMBLA). 1978–present. Considered to be largely defunct. Project Truth. One of the organizations which was expelled from ILGA in 1994 for being a pedophile organization. René Guyon Society. Most investigators considered it a one-man propaganda operation. Its slogan was said to be "sex before eight, or else it's too late." Defunct by the mid-1980s. See also Child sexual abuse References External links Symbols and Logos Used by Pedophiles to Identify Sexual Preferences, FBI document, hosted at WikiLeaks.

1032554

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide%20Metcalfe

Adelaide Metcalfe

Adelaide Metcalfe (2016 population 2,990) is a township in Middlesex County, Ontario, Canada. It was formed on January 1, 2001 through the amalgamation of the former Township of Adelaide and the Township of Metcalfe. It is part of the London census metropolitan area. Communities The township contains the communities of Adelaide, Crathie, Dejong, Kerwood, Keyser, Mullifarry, Napier, Napperton, Springfield, Walkers and Wrightmans Corners. The administrative offices of the township are in the locality of Adelaide. Demographics In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Adelaide-Metcalfe had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021. According to the 2011 Canadian Census, the median age was 39.7 years old which is approximately the same as the national average at 40.6 years old. According to the 2011 National Household Survey, of Adelaide Metcalfe residents are Canadian citizens by birth, and about of residents are recent immigrants (from 2001 to 2011). Residents of Adelaide Metcalfe are primarily White (), with a small community of Koreans (). Specifically, residents of Adelaide Metcalfe identify their ethnic origin as: Canadian (), English (), Dutch (), Scottish (), and Irish (). According to the 2011 Census, English is the mother tongue of of the population, with a small population of Dutch () and Portuguese () speakers. Adelaide Metcalfe has Christian adherents whereas does not affiliate with any religion. The highest levels of education obtained by residents aged 25 to 64 years old, are as follows: of people have a post-secondary schooling degree (including with a University degree or higher), have a high school degree (or equivalent) and have no certificate, diploma or degree; these represent somewhat higher education rates than Canadian averages at , , & respectively. The median household income before taxes is $28,644, and after taxes is $26,846; lower than the provincial or national figures at $66,358 and $61,072 pre-tax ($58,717 and $54,089 after tax) respectively. The median commute time to work for those 15 years and over was 20.3 minutes with almost all commutes () done by personal vehicle as a driver. The median value of a dwelling in Adelaide Metcalfe is $250,399 which is less than the Canadian median value of $280,552 and the Ontario median value of $300,862. Government The Township is led by a Council with a mayor and four councillors. The current council was elected in 2018 along with all other municipal elections in Ontario, and the next election will be in 2022. The members of the current council are: Mayor: Kurtis Smith Councillors: Betty Ann MacKinnon, Mary Ann Hendrikx, Mike Brodie, Sue Clarke Notes See also List of municipalities in Ontario List of townships in Ontario References External links Township municipalities in Ontario Lower-tier municipalities in Ontario Municipalities in Middlesex County, Ontario

62428493

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ijaz%20Ahmad%20%28cricketer%29

Ijaz Ahmad (cricketer)

Ijaz Ahmad Azad (born 10 January 2004) is an Afghan cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Kabul Region in the 2019 Ahmad Shah Abdali 4-day Tournament on 4 April 2019. He made his List A debut on 12 October 2020, for Amo Region in the 2020 Ghazi Amanullah Khan Regional One Day Tournament. References External links 2004 births Living people Afghan cricketers Amo Sharks cricketers Kabul Eagles cricketers

24143607

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drom%20Soccer%20Park

Drom Soccer Park

Drom Soccer Park is an association football venue in the Republic of Ireland based in Drom East, Rahoon, County Galway. It is the home ground of Salthill Devon F.C. It was built in 2002 and has a capacity of 2,000. Drom also hosts the Galway Cup annually. References Association football venues in the Republic of Ireland Salthill Devon F.C. Sports venues in County Galway 2002 establishments in Ireland

8714622

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Loughridge

William Loughridge

William Loughridge (July 11, 1827 – September 26, 1889) was a pioneer attorney, judge, and three-term United States Congressman from Iowa. He was born in Youngstown, Ohio, where he attended the common schools. After studying law, he was admitted to the bar in 1849 and commenced practice in Mansfield, Ohio. He moved to Iowa in 1852 and settled in Oskaloosa, in Mahaska County. He served as a member of the Iowa Senate from 1857 to 1860. In 1861 he became a judge of the sixth judicial circuit of Iowa, serving until 1867. In the 1866 Republican district convention for Iowa's 4th congressional district, Loughridge upset incumbent Congressman Josiah B. Grinnell, winning (by thirteen votes) the nomination for the U.S. House of Representatives seat then held by Grinnell. After winning the general election and serving in the Fortieth United States Congress, Loughridge was re-elected in 1868 and served in the Forty-first United States Congress. In the 1870 Republican district convention, Loughridge was upset by Madison Miner Walden. Walden won the general election. However, when Walden ran for renomination in 1872 (in what was reapportioned in 1871 as Iowa's 6th congressional district), Loughridge turned the tables on Walden, ousting Walden. Loughridge served only one term representing the new Sixth District. He sought renomination, but in the 1874 district convention ballotting, he finished behind his eventual successor, Ezekiel S. Sampson, and Sampson's successor, James B. Weaver (who had not yet left the Republican Party for the Greenback Party). In all, Loughridge served in Congress from March 4, 1867, to March 3, 1871, and from March 4, 1873, to March 3, 1875. He died near Reading, Pennsylvania, and is buried in Forest Cemetery in Oskaloosa. References 1827 births 1889 deaths Iowa state court judges Republican Party Iowa state senators Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Iowa Politicians from Youngstown, Ohio Politicians from Mansfield, Ohio People from Oskaloosa, Iowa 19th-century American politicians Lawyers from Youngstown, Ohio 19th-century American judges 19th-century American lawyers

7442188

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadpur%2C%20Uttar%20Pradesh

Sadpur, Uttar Pradesh

Sadpur is a village in Muzaffarnagar district of Uttar Pradesh in northern India. It is located at 29.33° N 77.85° E. It has an average elevation of 232 metres (761 feet). Its population is around 4,000. Primary School Sadpur is located in the village. It is one of the few best government schools in the Muzaffarnagar district in Uttar Pradesh. Villages in Muzaffarnagar district

104923

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatrice%2C%20Alabama

Beatrice, Alabama

Beatrice is a town in Monroe County, Alabama, United States. It incorporated in 1901. At the 2020 census the population was 204, down from 301 in 2010 and 412 in 2000. Geography Beatrice is located in northern Monroe County at (31.733178, -87.206773). Alabama State Routes 21 and 47 pass through the town. Together they lead southwest to Monroeville, the county seat, and east to Riley. State Route 265 leads north from Beatrice to Camden. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Beatrice has a total area of , all land. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 412 people, 158 households, and 106 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 203 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 26.94% White, 72.57% Black or African American, 0.24% Native American and 0.24% Pacific Islander. 0.49% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 158 households, out of which 32.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.1% were married couples living together, 25.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.3% were non-families. 29.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.17. In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.9% under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 20.6% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 19.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.3 males. The median income for a household in the town was $15,833, and the median income for a family was $15,625. Males had a median income of $30,417 versus $15,469 for females. The per capita income for the town was $8,661. About 39.6% of families and 44.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 54.5% of those under age 18 and 29.2% of those age 65 or over. Education Beatrice has one school local to the town region, J.F. Shields High School. The school has approximately 260 students, living in Beatrice and other nearby towns. The school maintains a Student-Teacher ratio of 15:1, rating in the top 20% of the Alabama state. The school marks with the ACT test. Notable people Butch Avinger, former NFL player John Drew, former NBA player (Atlanta Hawks), graduate of J. F. Shields Thad McClammy, politician References External links Coastal Gateway Regional Economic Development Alliance Towns in Monroe County, Alabama Towns in Alabama

17873958

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damon%20Hague

Damon Hague

Damon Hague (born 29 October 1970) is a former two weight World Boxing Foundation champion. Hague was the first boxer ever to win a World Boxing Foundation World title from Derby. In late 2003, Hague was due to defend his WBF title against Robin Reid, but Reid decided to take on Sven Ottke in Germany. Hague was also undefeated British kick boxing Champion and Midlands Area Boxing champion. Hague's last professional fight on 24 September 2004 was for the British and Commonwealth Super Middleweight titles against Carl Froch. Fight record 28 Fights Wins 23 Loses 4 Draws 1 World Boxing Foundation Super Middleweight Champion World Boxing Foundation Middleweight Champion World Boxing Foundation Pan-European Champion British and Commonwealth title challenger Midlands Area Champion References External links Living people 1970 births Boxers from Derby English male boxers English male kickboxers Middleweight boxers

1019430

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6gsby

Högsby

Högsby is a locality and the seat of Högsby Municipality, Kalmar County, Sweden with 1,881 inhabitants in 2010. Other towns in the Högsby Municipality are Långemåla, Fågelfors, Berga and Fagerhult, of which Långemåla is probably the smallest. Högsby Tätort The town of Högsby is the seat of the Högsby Municipality, which itself is part of Kalmar County. The town has a local mall Karlsson Varuhus, located closely with other local shops and businesses such as a thai restaurant (Bhann Thai ), a second hand shop, a café, and a local gym. Högsby also has one ICA supermarket, one COOP Konsum supermarket and a few local pizzerias. In the center of the town there is another second hand shop, Kupan, which is part of the Red Cross Sights Högsby has the river Emån running through the town, which is commonly used for canoeing and fishing. A museum about the actress Greta Garbo, opened in 1998, is located in the center of Högsby. This is in large due to that her mother originated from Högsby. Bokhultet is a nature reserve located outside Högsby; it has a significant number of rare plants and insects. Education Högsby is also home of Högsby Educational Centre (Högsby Utbildningscenter), commonly referred to as HUC. It's a small school, with less than 160 pupils, all between 16 and 19 years old. HUC is a so-called "Gymnasium" which in British and American school systems would be something in the middle between High School and College. References Municipal seats of Kalmar County Swedish municipal seats Populated places in Kalmar County Populated places in Högsby Municipality

51511714

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%20cl%C3%A1sico%20%28film%29

El clásico (film)

El clásico () is a 2015 Iraqi-Norwegian drama film directed by Halkawt Mustafa. It was selected as the Iraqi entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 89th Academy Awards but was not nominated. Cast Wrya Ahmed as Alan Dana Ahmes as Shirwan Kamaran Raoof as Jalal Rozhin Sharifi as Gona See also List of submissions to the 89th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film List of Iraqi submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film Kurdish cinema References External links 2015 films 2015 drama films Iraqi drama films Norwegian drama films Kurdish-language films

45084115

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Stevenson%20%28quarterback%29

Bill Stevenson (quarterback)

Bill Stevenson (born c. 1933) is a former Canadian football player who played for the Calgary Stampeders. He played college football at the University of Toronto. References Living people 1933 births Players of Canadian football from Ontario Canadian football quarterbacks Toronto Varsity Blues football players Calgary Stampeders players Sportspeople from Toronto

26922918

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clypeosectus%20delectus

Clypeosectus delectus

Clypeosectus delectus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Lepetodrilidae. Description Distribution This marine species is found in the Pacific Ocean at thermal vents, Galapagos Rift References Warén, A. & Bouchet, P. (2001) Gastropoda and Monoplacophora from hydrothermal vents and seeps; new taxa and records. The Veliger, 44, 116–231 External links Lepetodrilidae Gastropods described in 1989

71747850

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo%20Starr%20%26%20His%20All-Starr%20Band%2030th%20Anniversary%20Tour

Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band 30th Anniversary Tour

The Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band 30th Anniversary Tour was a concert tour by the rock supergroup Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band that began on 21 March 2019 at Harrah's Resort Southern California in Valley Center, California, and concluded on 1 September 2019 at the Greek Theatre in Los Angeles, California. With concerts in the United States and Japan, as well as one show in Canada, the tour celebrated the anniversary of frontman Ringo Starr's first All-Starr Band tour in 1989. The setlist for the tour included songs by Starr—both by his former band the Beatles and from his career as a solo artist—as well as songs by All-Starr band members and their associated bands, including Steve Lukather and Warren Ham of Toto, Gregg Rolie (formerly of Santana and Journey), Colin Hay of Men at Work, and Hamish Stuart (formerly of Average White Band). Drummer Gregg Bissonette also played on the tour. Reception Matthew Leimkuehler of The Tennessean, reviewing the 7 August show at Nashville, Tennessee's Ryman Auditorium, characterized Starr's stage presence as modest yet playful, and commended the "jukebox format [that] keeps the 130-minute show moving quickly." He concluded that, "There's a carefree, no-nonsense quality to the show that's easy to embrace; it's plain-and-simple fun." Dan DeLuca, in his review of 14 August show at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania's Metropolitan Opera House, called Hay "the standout vocalist of the show", but noted that, "By the third go-round of non-Starr tunes, the show started to drag and became something to endure more than enjoy, with the crowd impatiently calling for 'Ringo!' between songs." However, DeLuca concluded that "all was well once the Beatle came down off his drum throne and back into the spotlight [...] That Beatles magic was in the air, and everyone in the room was Ringo's friend." Setlist This is the setlist that was performed at the 7 August show at Nashville's Ryman Auditorium, and may not represent the setlist of every show on the tour. "Matchbox" "It Don't Come Easy" "What Goes On" "Evil Ways" (with Gregg Rolie) "Rosanna" (with Steve Lukather) "Pick Up the Pieces" (with Hamish Stuart) "Down Under" (with Colin Hay) "Boys" "Don't Pass Me By" "Yellow Submarine" "Cut the Cake" (with Hamish Stuart) "Black Magic Woman" (with Gregg Rolie) "You're Sixteen" "Anthem" "Overkill" (with Colin Hay) "Africa" (with Steve Lukather) "Work to Do" (with Hamish Stuart) "Oye Como Va" (with Gregg Rolie) "I Wanna Be Your Man" "Who Can It Be Now?" (with Colin Hay) "Hold the Line" (with Steve Lukather) "Photograph" "Act Naturally" "With a Little Help from My Friends" / "Give Peace a Chance" Tour dates References 2019 concert tours Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band

49987573

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monument%20to%20Dante

Monument to Dante

The Statue of Dante Alighieri () is a monument to Dante Alighieri in Piazza Santa Croce, outside the Basilica of Santa Croce, in Florence, Italy. Erected in 1865, it is the work of the sculptor Enrico Pazzi. History In the early 1850s, a project for a statue of Dante in a piazza in Ravenna was declined. Pazzi subsisted on small private projects for tomb monuments and house decorations. He completed for Giovanni Dupré a commission for a nativity scene, destined for the Signora Bianchi of Siena; however, he had difficulty in getting paid. In 1857–1859, a move was made to complete the Dante statue, but now for Florence. The patriotic Pazzi recalls an unfortunate episode when Prince Leopold, Count of Syracuse (brother of the King of Naples) visited the studio accompanied by the interior minister of Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany. The visiting Prince inquired why Dante was surrounded by beasts. Pazzi indicated that the lions were the Marzocchi, long a symbol of Medici Florence. However, when asked why the eagle did not have a double head, the symbol of the Habsburg dynasty, Pazzi impertinently replied that this was a Roman eagle, arising from the ashes of the fallen Roman Empire. With this, the retinue left. It would be nearly half a decade before Pazzi's statue was erected in the piazza. The statue was erected in 1865 to celebrate the 600th anniversary of Dante's birth. The pedestal was designed by Luigi del Sarto. The creation of a statue of a famous Florentine by a sculptor from Ravenna caused some rumblings. Florence and Ravenna had for years disputed who was to hold the remains of Dante: his native city or the city of his exile. The church of Santa Croce, which stands on the same piazza as this statue, has an elaborate but empty tomb monument to the poet. The pedestal has four Marzocco lions with shields holding the names of minor works by Dante and the symbols of various Italian cities who contributed to the cost of the sculpture. The statue initially placed in the center of the Piazza was moved after the flood of November 1966 to a position in front of the flank of the façade of the basilica. See also Prince Mihailo Monument Monument to Savonarola References External links The Dante statue, Florentine, Chipping away at the Italian language, Deirdre Pirro, JANUARY 27, 2011 Dante Outdoor sculptures in Florence Enrico Pazzi Cultural depictions of Dante Alighieri Dante Sculptures of men in Italy Sculptures of birds Sculptures of lions Statues in Italy

70744711

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last%20King%20of%20the%20Cross

Last King of the Cross

Last King of the Cross is an upcoming Australian streaming television drama series on Paramount+. The series is inspired by the autobiography of nightclub owner John Ibrahim and his experiences in Sydney's Kings Cross. The series is produced by Helium Pictures and will be distributed internationally through Cineflix Rights. Premise The 10-part drama series follows John Ibrahim's journey from early poverty to later success. Cast Lincoln Younes as John Ibrahim Tim Roth as Ezra Shipman Callan Mulvey Claude Jabbour Tess Haubrich Matt Nable Maria Tran as Madame Tien Kevin Khan Hoa Xuande Damian Walshe-Howling Wesley Patten Jake Ryan Ethan Lamb-Kelly as a teenage Dave Campbell Tony Nikolakopoulos Setareh Naghoni Simon Elrahi Robert Rabiah Justin Rosniak Wadih Dona Allegra Monk Malek Alkoni as teenage John Ibrahim Brandon Nguyen Daniel Widdowson as Clarkey References External links 2022 Australian television series debuts 2020s Australian comedy television series English-language television shows Paramount+ original programming

25459554

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/411th%20Bombardment%20Group

411th Bombardment Group

The 411th Bombardment Group is an inactive United States Army Air Forces unit. Its last assignment was with III Bomber Command at Florence Army Air Field, South Carolina, where it served as a Replacement Training Unit until it was disbanded on 1 May 1944. In July 1985, the group was reconstituted as the 411th Tactical Missile Wing, but has never been active under that name. History The 411th Bombardment Group was activated at Will Rogers Field, Oklahoma on 1 August 1944. Its original squadrons were the 648th, 649th, 650th and 651st Bombardment Squadrons. Two weeks later it moved to Florence Army Air Field, South Carolina, where it absorbed the personnel of the 65th Reconnaissance Group, which had been training observation crews on North American B-25 Mitchell aircraft there. The group was a World War II Replacement Training Unit, using Douglas A-20 Havoc light bombers. Replacement Training Units were oversized units that trained individual aircrews. After graduating, the airmen were assigned to overseas combat units. However, standard military units, based on relatively inflexible tables of organization were proving poorly adapted to the training mission. Accordingly, the Army Air Forces adopted a more functional system in which each base was organized into a separate numbered unit. The group was disbanded on 1 May 1944 and its mission, personnel and equipment were transferred to the 334th Army Air Forces Base Unit (Replacement Training Unit, Light Bombardment). On 31 July 1985 the group was reconstituted and redesignated the 411th Tactical Missile Wing, but was not activated. Lineage Constituted as 411th Bombardment Group (Light) on 14 July 1943 Activated on 1 August 1943 Disbanded on 1 May 1944 Reconstituted on 31 July 1985 and redesignated 411th Tactical Missile Wing Assignments III Bomber Command, 1 August 1943 I Tactical Air Division, August 1943 – 1 May 1944 Components 648th Bombardment Squadron: 1 August 1943 – 1 May 1944 649th Bombardment Squadron: 1 August 1943 – 1 May 1944 650th Bombardment Squadron: 1 August 1943 – 1 May 1944 651st Bombardment Squadron: 1 August 1943 – 1 May 1944 Stations Will Rogers Field, Oklahoma, 1 August 1943 Florence Army Air Field, South Carolina, 15 August 1943 – 1 May 1944 Aircraft Douglas A-20 Havoc, 1943–1944 North American B-25 Mitchell, 1943–1944 See also List of Douglas A-20 Havoc operators References Notes Explanatory notes Citations Bibliography External links Bombardment groups of the United States Army Air Forces Military units and formations established in 1943 Military units and formations disestablished in 1944 Military units and formations established in 1985 1943 establishments in the United States

57543948

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Devil%20on%20Horseback

The Devil on Horseback

The Devil on Horseback is a 1936 American musical comedy film directed by Crane Wilbur and starring Lili Damita, Fred Keating, and Renee Torres. A separate Spanish-language version was also produced. It was based on a play written by Crane Wilber himself about a Latin American freedom fighter. It was shot using the Cinecolor process. Plot Cast Lili Damita as Diane Corday Fred Keating as Gary Owen Francisco Flores del Campo as Pancho Granero Jean Chatburn as Jane Evans Tiffany Thayer as Wilbur Hitchcock Renee Torres as Rosmond Juan Torena as Juan Torres Blanca Vischer as Manuela Torres Enrique de Rosas as Col. Enrique Berea Jack Stegall as Capt. de Reana References Bibliography Waldman, Harry & Slide, Anthony. Hollywood and the Foreign Touch: A Dictionary of Foreign Filmmakers and Their Films from America, 1910-1995. Scarecrow Press, 1996. External links 1936 films 1936 musical comedy films American musical comedy films Films directed by Crane Wilbur Grand National Films films American multilingual films 1936 multilingual films 1930s English-language films 1930s American films

23014058

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard%20Lee%20%28disambiguation%29

Bernard Lee (disambiguation)

Bernard Lee (1908–1981) was an English actor. Bernard Lee may also refer to: Bernard Lee (poker player) (born 1970), American poker player Bernard Lee (activist), member of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) during the 1960s Civil Rights Movement Barney Lee, Scottish footballer See also Bernard Warburton-Lee (1895–1940), Welsh recipient of the Victoria Cross

37124743

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha%20Namundjebo-Tilahun

Martha Namundjebo-Tilahun

Martha Namundjebo-Tilahun is a Namibian businesswoman and politician. She is the former president of the Namibia Chamber of Commerce and Industry (NCCI). In 2017 she was a candidate for the position of Deputy Secretary-General of the Swapo Party. Early life and education Martha Namundjebo was born in Odibo village in the north of Namibia. She was raised in Olunghono and went to Engela High School. She obtained a BSc degree in Business Administration and Management from Saint Paul's College Lawrenceville, Virginia. Namundjebo further holds an MBA in Finance from the University of California, Berkeley in the United States, and another MBA from Santa Clara University, likewise in California. Career After the retirement of Harold Pupkewitz, Namundjebo-Tilahun succeeded him as president of Namibia Chamber of Commerce and Industry (NCCI) in 2010. She held this position until 2014 when Sven Thieme was elected. Namundjebo-Tilahun is also the chairperson of the SADC Chamber of Commerce and sits on the board of several Namibian companies, including Standard Bank Namibia. She owns Namibia's only Five-Star hotel, the Hilton Hotel in Windhoek. In 2021, documents forming part of the Congo Hold-Up revealed financial links between a Namibian fishing company owned by Namundjebo-Tilahun and alleged illicit funds of former DRC president Jospeh Kabila. Private life Her husband Haddis Tilahun, is the founder and executive director of the United Africa Group, the company where she serves as chairperson. They have three children. Awards African Business Leader of the Year, 2013, Corporate Council on Africa, Washington, D.C., United States Doctor honoris causa in Business Administration, 2015, University of Namibia References Year of birth missing (living people) Living people People from Ohangwena Region Namibian women in business Namibian businesspeople Santa Clara University alumni Saint Paul's College (Virginia) alumni University of California, Berkeley alumni Namibian business executives

21577003

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang%20Kneib

Wolfgang Kneib

Wolfgang Kneib (born 20 November 1952 in Zornheim) is a retired German football player. He spent eight seasons in the Bundesliga with Borussia Mönchengladbach and Arminia Bielefeld. He scored two goals for Arminia from penalty kicks. Honours European Cup finalist: 1976–77 UEFA Cup winner: 1978–79 UEFA Cup finalist: 1979–80 Bundesliga champion: 1976–77 Bundesliga runner-up: 1977–78 References External links 1952 births Living people German footballers 1. FSV Mainz 05 players Borussia Mönchengladbach players Arminia Bielefeld players Bundesliga players 2. Bundesliga players UEFA Cup winning players Association football goalkeepers

19014375

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakusze

Jakusze

Jakusze is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Trzebieszów, within Łuków County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. References Jakusze

3467915

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagarjuna%20Sagar%20Dam

Nagarjuna Sagar Dam

Nagarjuna Sagar Dam is a masonry dam across the Krishna River at Nagarjuna Sagar which straddles the border between Nalgonda district in Telangana and Palnadu district in Andhra Pradesh. The dam provides irrigation water to the Nalgonda, Suryapet, Krishna, NTR, Bapatla, Eluru, Palnadu, Khammam, West Godavari, Guntur, and Prakasam districts along with electricity generation. Constructed between 1955 and 1967, the dam created a water reservoir with gross storage capacity of , its effective capacity is 6.92 cubic kms or 244.41 Tmcft. The dam is tall from its deepest foundation and long with 26 flood gates which are wide and tall. It is jointly operated by Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Nagarjuna Sagar Dam was the earliest in a series of large infrastructure projects termed as "modern temples" initiated for achieving the Green Revolution in India. It is also one of the earliest multi-purpose irrigation and hydroelectric projects in India. History The Nizam made the British engineers begin the survey work for this dam across the Krishna River in the year 1903. The project's construction was officially inaugurated by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru on 10 December 1955 and proceeded for the next twelve years. Raja Vasireddy Ramagopala Krishna Maheswara Prasad, popularly known as late Muktyala Raja, was instrumental in the construction of the Nagarjuna Sagar Dam through active political lobbying and the donation of one hundred and ten million GBP in 1952 and fifty-five thousand acres of land. It was the tallest masonry dam in the world at that time, built entirely with local know-how under the engineering leadership of Kanuri Lakshmana Rao. The reservoir water was released into the left and right bank canals by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi on 4 August 1967. Construction of the hydroelectric power plant followed, with power generation increasing between 1978 and 1985 as additional units came into service. In 2015, diamond jubilee celebrations of project's inauguration were held, alluding to the prosperity the dam has ushered into the region. The construction of the dam submerged an ancient Buddhist settlement, Nagarjunakonda, which was the capital of the Ikshvaku dynasty in the 1st and 2nd centuries and the successors of the Satavahanas in the Eastern Deccan. Excavations there yielded 30 Buddhist monasteries as well as artwork and inscriptions of historical importance. Prior to the reservoir's flooding, monuments were dug up and relocated. Some were moved to Nagarjunakonda, now an island in the middle of the reservoir. Others were moved to the nearby mainland village of Anupu. Data Catchment Area : Full Reservoir Level (FRL): msl Water spread area at FRL: 285 km2 Gross storage capacity at FRL: 312 TMC MDDL of river sluices: msl Masonry dam Spillway of dam : 471 m Non-over flow dam : 979 m Length of Masonry dam : 1450 m Maximum height : 125 m Earth dam Total Length of Earth dam : 3414 m Maximum height : 128 m Power Generation Power Units : 1 No. conventional (110 MW capacity), 7 nos Reversible (100 MW capacity) Canal power house Right side : 3 units 30 MW (each) Left side : 2 units 30 MW (each) Utilisation Irrigation The right canal (Jawahar canal) is long with maximum 311.5 cumecs capacity and irrigates of land in Guntur and Prakasam districts. The left canal (Lalbahadur Shastri canal) is long with maximum 311.5 cumecs capacity and irrigates of land in Nalgonda, Suryapet, Krishna, West Godavari and Khammam districts. The project transformed the economy of above districts. 54 villages (48 in Nalgonda and 6 in Guntur) were submersed in water and 24,000 people were affected. The relocation of the people was completed by 2007. Alimineti Madhava Reddy lift irrigation canal draws water from the Nagarjuna Sagar reservoir to irrigate of land in Nalgonda district. This lift scheme with pump house located near Puttamgandi village on the left bank of Krishna river also supplies nearly 20 TMC water for the drinking water needs of Hyderabad city. Nearly 80% of the Nagarjuna Sagar water used in Hyderabad city is available for irrigation use in Nalgonda district in the form of regenerated water/treated sewage water. In addition, the high level flood flow canal drawing water from the left side shore of the reservoir also supplies irrigation water in Nalgonda district. Power generation The hydroelectric plant has a power generation capacity of 815.6 MW with 8 units (1x110 MW+7x100.8 MW). First unit was commissioned on 7 March 1978 and 8th unit on 24 December 1985. The right canal plant has a power generation capacity of with 3 units of each. The left canal plant has a power generation capacity of with 2 units of 30 MW each. The tail pond is under advanced stage of construction to put to use the pumped storage features of 7 x 100.8 MW units. And it will be useful for the irrigation. Many times, it happens that power generation from the 150 MW canal based units is not optimised when the Nagarjunasagar reservoir is overflowing on its spillway and very less water is required for irrigation from the canals during the monsoon floods. Power generation from canal based hydro units can be optimised by running these units during the flooding period by releasing the water fully into the canals. The unwanted canal water can be released into the natural stream when it is crossing the major stream. Thus run off power can be generated from the water going down unutilised into the river by the canal based power units also. The water level in the Nagarjunasagar reservoir shall be maintained above the minimum level required for these units in most of the time by releasing water from the upstream Srisailam reservoir to optimise the power generation from the canal based units during dry season. Tourism Nagarjunasagar Dam is one of the popular weekend getaways from Hyderabad. Thousands of tourists visit Nagarjunasagar when the dam gates are open in monsoon season (around September / October). Hotel Vijay Vihar, operated by Telangana Tourism is one of the best places for accommodation in Nagarjunasagar. There are several other places around Nagarjunasagar that can be visited as a one-day trip from Hyderabad. Nagarjunakonda in Andhra Pradesh – Has to be reached by a boat from boating point operated by TSTDC or APTDC Anupu in Andhra Pradesh Ethipothala Falls near Macherla in Andhra Pradesh – The water released from the Nagarjuna Sagar right bank canal, the Chandravanka and Suryavanka streams keeps the water fall live or flowing during the rainy season. Environmental aspects The artificial lift irrigation based diversion of the river from its natural delta area into Nalgonda district caused erosion of the fluorine-rich volcanic rocks in Nalgonda and contaminated its groundwater supply. It also caused uncertain flows of water into the Krishna river delta area and a shrinkage of the natural wonder "The Kolleru Lake". The use of erosion resistant canals interfered with the natural silting process of a river to the deltas and created long-term ecological issues to the health of the delta lands. Reduced flows into the sea resulted in land salination and sea encroachment of coastal lands in Diviseema. The diversion of Krishna water for 200 km to Hyderabad resulted in massive evaporation losses especially in summer and reduced the size of Krishna river. Many forest preserves along the natural Krishna flow are now categorized as "completely degraded" forest areas. Krishna river once home to an ecological wonderland of fresh water fish and aquatic population is now completely depopulated. The river stopped being navigable since the year of Nagarjuna sagar construction. Impact on Hyderabad water security Water planning for Hyderabad city started in 1920 with the tapping of Musi river for 15 Mgd. It progressed to tapping Esi (Himayat Sagar 1927 – 11mgd) and Manjira (1965–1993 – Majira and Singur dams) for another additional 130 Mgd. It took a huge leap during 1995–2004 with the commissioning of Krishna river water project (Phases I – III) at a total cost of over ten thousand crores to supply an additional 190Mgd to Hyderabad from Nagarjuna sagar. The project incurs an additional evaporation and leakage loss of 64 Mgd. About 30% of the water naturally flowing to Krishna Delta before 1995 is now diverted to Hyderabad. Future potential Tapping dead storage potential The left and right bank canals sill level is fixed at MSL to supply irrigation water to two million acres. The unutilized storage capacity is nearly 180 TMC below the canals sill/bed level. Nagarjuna Sagar reservoir also meets the Krishna delta water requirements to the extent of 80 TMC by letting water downstream into the river. Nearly is irrigated under Krishna Delta Canals. There is a possibility to utilize most of this idle dead storage capacity to store the river flood water further and to use as carry over storage. Nearly 150 TMC idle storage up to MSL, can be used leaving 30 TMC for silt settlement. This is possible by installing Water Powered Pump (WPP) units at the base of the dam. It is technically feasible to generate power from the existing hydro turbines from the lower head (75 to 50 meters) by running the turbines below the rated speed. However, major modifications of generators are to be done for running below the rated speed and improve the power generation efficiency. The sill level of the right bank canal powerhouse (3 x 30 MW) is at MSL. It is possible to draw water from the dead storage by tapping water from the penstocks to feed water to a pump house (3 x 15 MW) located on the left side of the powerhouse. The pump house will have three pump sets each of 5000 cusecs flow capacity to feed into the NS main right bank canal. Power generation from the 90 MW powerhouse is no way affected since its units can only operate when the reservoir level is above 540 ft MSL and the pumping units need to operate below the 508 ft MSL to draw water from the dead storage. Thus nearly 50 TMC water can be utilized during the drought years. The power generation units are normally in operation for five months in a year when the water level is above its minimum draw down level at MSL. During the drought years, the additional water availability is more valuable than the pumping power consumption. The consumed pumping power is compensated fully by the enhanced generation from the 44 MW capacity mini hydel plants located on the downstream canals. The sill level of river sluices of the dam is at MSL. Nearly 90 TMC of water from the dead storage can be released from the river sluices to the downstream river tail pond during drought periods and further pumped to the adjacent right bank canal by constructing a pumped storage hydroelectric power (PSHP) station. The PSHP station can also be used to transfer Godavari water to the Nagarjuna Sagar reservoir by converting the existing right bank canal powerhouse (3 x 30 MW) into PSHP units to transfer 15,000 cusecs into the Nagarjuna Sagar reservoir. Both PSHPs together can also be used for energy storage purposes on daily basis by consuming surplus power and generating electricity during the peak load hours. The reservoir dead storage water below the 125 m MSL can be fully released into the downstream river/tail pond through the existing diversion tunnel which was in use to divert the river flow during the dam construction. Pumped storage hydro power potential Nagarjuna Sagar reservoir, serving as low level reservoir, has potential to install nearly 2,18,000 MW high head pumped storage hydroelectric plants on its right side. Assured water supply to Hyderabad city At present nearly one Tmcft per month or 250 million gallons per day or 350 cusecs is supplied to the Hyderabad city from Nagarjuna Sagar (NS) reservoir. The water supply is nearly 50% of the total city water requirement. This water pumping scheme is part of Alimineti Madhava Reddy lift irrigation project with its foreshore pumping station at Puttamgandi which has nearly 2400 cusecs pumping capacity. The water supply to the Hyderabad city is nearly 15% of its total capacity. The approach channel from the reservoir to the Puttamgandi pump house (PH) is located at where the Bhimanapalli Vagu tributary is joining the Krishna river. The minimum draw down level (MDDL) of the PH is MSL below which water can not be pumped from NS reservoir. The reliability / dependability of the PH for supplying assured water supply to Hyderabad city, is not adequate due to meagre inflows into the NS reservoir in some years and the need to deplete the NS reservoir water below 502 ft MSL for other purposes. In these circumstances, adequate water is to be stored above the 502 ft MSL to maintain 100% assured water source without depending totally on NS reservoir. This is possible by constructing a balancing reservoir by separating some area of the NS reservoir with a new dam across the Bhimanapalli Vagu tributary at just upstream of the Puttamgandi PH approach channel. This new dam with FRL MSL, would not submerge any additional area other than the area already submerged by the NS reservoir. The water inflows from the Bhimanapalli Vagu tributary joining the NS reservoir are first impounded by the new dam and if found excess over flows into the downstream NS reservoir. This new balancing reservoir's live capacity is nearly 6 Tmcft above the 502 ft MDDL which is equal to six months water supply to the Hyderabad city. This reservoir would have provision to receive water from the Puttamgandi PH when inflows from the Bhimanapalli Vagu tributary is not satisfactory and water is at adequate level in NS reservoir during monsoon months. When water level of NS reservoir goes below the 502 ft MSL, water is fed to the Puttamgandi PH approach channel from the new balancing reservoir for pumping water needs of Hyderabad city. The cost of this new dam project would be nearly 1.5 billion rupees only which will provide 100% assured water supply to the Hyderabad city without depending on the water availability from NS reservoir during the non monsoon months and drought years. Sunkishala underground pump house is under construction at an estimated cost of Rs 1450 crores for drawing water up to from the dead storage. Godavari water transfer via Nagarjuna Sagar left canal to Krishna river The Nagarjuna Sagar left canal supplies nearly 130 TMC of water for irrigation needs in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh states. This is a contour gravity canal with gradual downward gradient (≃ 1:10,000) along the water flow direction. This canal can be used for transferring nearly 80 TMC Godavari river water into the Nagarjuna Sagar reservoir in addition to supplying the Godavari water under its entire command area. Thus a total of 210 TMC of Godavari water can be used in the Krishna basin of Telangana state from Srisailam and Jurala reservoirs for the new projects with 100% water dependability. Godavari water transferred into the Nagarjuna Sagar reservoir and Krishna main river can also be used for the proposed Palamuru lift irrigation and Nakkalagandi lift irrigation schemes in Telangana. This is possible by re-engineering of the left canal to reverse its water flow direction from the location (near ) where Godavari water would be pumped into this canal. The canal embankments would be raised to facilitate flow reversing towards Nagarjuna Sagar reservoir and intermediate pumping stations (with low head & high flow concrete volute pumps) would be installed near the Paleru balancing reservoir, Pedda Devulapalli balancing reservoir, left canal head regulator on the rim of Nagarjuna Sagar reservoir and the existing major aqueducts across Halia, Musi and Munneru tributaries. The cost of this canal redesigning and the associated pump houses would be one third of a new scheme to transfer Godavari river water into Nagarjuna Sagar reservoir at its FRL MSL with least possible total pumping head. The above re-engineering of the canal is similar to modifications carried out to reverse the water flow of ancient Grand canal under Eastern Route project of South to North Water Transfer in China. See also Nagarjuna Sagar tail pond Dummugudem Lift Irrigation Scheme Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal List of dams and reservoirs in India References External links Nagarjuna Sagar – Community Website & Photo Gallery Article on the dam in The Hindu Tale of Nagarjuna Sagar Nagarjuna Sagar documentary film Dams completed in 1967 Energy infrastructure completed in 1985 Tourist attractions in Guntur district Tourist attractions in Nalgonda district Hydroelectric power stations in Andhra Pradesh Hydroelectric power stations in Telangana Dams in Telangana Buildings and structures in Guntur district Pumped-storage hydroelectric power stations in India Dams on the Krishna River Masonry dams 1967 establishments in Andhra Pradesh

59535186

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turriplicifer%20esperancensis

Turriplicifer esperancensis

Turriplicifer esperancensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Costellariidae, the ribbed miters. References Costellariidae Gastropods described in 2013

13356339

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary%20of%20firearms%20terms

Glossary of firearms terms

The following are terms related to firearms and ammunition topics. A Accurize, accurizing: The process of altering a stock firearm to improve its accuracy. Action: The physical mechanism that manipulates cartridges and/or seals the breech. The term refers to the method in which cartridges are loaded, locked, and extracted from the mechanism. Actions are generally categorized by the type of mechanism used. A firearm action is technically not present on muzzleloaders as all loading is done by hand. The mechanism that fires a muzzleloader is called the lock. Adjustable sight: Iron sights that allow the user to change the markings, intended for firing at multiple possible ranges. Ammunition or ammo: Gunpowder and artillery. Since the design of the cartridge, the meaning has been transferred to the assembly of a projectile and its propellant in a single package. Assault rifle: A service rifle capable of semi- or full automatic fire, that fires intermediate cartridges. Assault weapon: A term used in some jurisdictions in the United States, usually used to describe semi-automatic rifles that fire from detachable magazines. Automatic fire: A weapon capable of automatic fire is one that will continually expend ammunition for as long as the trigger is held. Automatic pistol: A pistol that is capable of automatic fire; a machine pistol. Automatic rifle: A self-loading rifle that is capable of automatic fire. B Back bore, backbored barrel: A shotgun barrel whose internal diameter is greater than nominal for the gauge, but less than the SAAMI maximum. Done in an attempt to reduce felt recoil, improve patterning, or change the balance of the shotgun. Bandolier or bandoleer: A pocketed belt for holding ammunition and cartridges, usually slung over the chest. Bandoliers are now rare because most military arms use magazines, which are not well-suited to being stored in a bandolier. They are, however, still commonly used with shotguns, as a traditional bandolier conveniently stores individual shells. Barrel: A tube, usually metal, through which a controlled explosion or rapid expansion of gases are released to propel a projectile out of the end at high velocity. Barrel nut: A firearm component used on barrels. On handguards, a barrel nut may refer to the component that holds the handguards to the barrel. On machine guns, a barrel nut is a screw on component at the rear of the barrel that has locking lugs and a notch for quick barrel change and helps install it in the trunnion. Ballistic coefficient (BC): A measure of a projectile's ability to overcome air resistance in flight. It is inversely proportional to the deceleration – a high number indicates a low deceleration. BC is a function of mass, diameter, and drag coefficient. Ballistics: a field of mechanics concerned with the launching, flight behavior and impact effects of projectiles. Often broken down into internal ballistics, transitional ballistics, external ballistics and terminal ballistics. Battle rifle: A service rifle capable of semi- or full automatic fire, that fires fully powered rifle cartridges. Bayonet lug: An attachment point for a bayonet. Belt: An ammunition belt is a device used to retain and feed cartridges into some machine guns in place of a magazine. Belted magnum or belt: Any caliber cartridge, generally rifles, using a shell casing with a pronounced "belt" around its base that continues 2 to 4 mm past the extractor groove. This design originated with the British gunmaker Holland & Holland for the purpose of headspace certain of their more powerful cartridges. Especially the non-shouldered (non-"bottlenecked") magnum rifle cartridges could be pushed too far into the chamber and thus cause catastrophic failure of the gun when fired with excessive headspace; the addition of the belt to the casing prevented this over-insertion. Bipod: A support device that is similar to a tripod or monopod, but with two legs. On firearms, bipods are commonly used on rifles and machine guns to provide a forward rest and reduce motion. The bipod permits the operator to rest the weapon on the ground, a low wall, or other object, reducing fatigue and permitting increased accuracy. Black powder also called gunpowder: A mixture of sulfur, charcoal, and potassium nitrate. It burns rapidly, producing a volume of hot gas made up of carbon dioxide, water, and nitrogen, and a solid residue of potassium sulfide. Because of its burning properties and the amount of heat and gas volume that it generates, gunpowder has been widely used as a propellant in firearms and as a pyrotechnic composition in fireworks. Since 1886, most firearms use smokeless powder. Black powder substitute: A firearm propellant that is designed to reproduce the burning rate and propellant properties of black powder (making it safe for use in black-powder firearms), while providing advantages in one or more areas such as reduced smoke, reduced corrosion, reduced cost, or decreased sensitivity to unintentional ignition. Blank: A type of cartridge for a firearm that contains gunpowder but no bullet or shot. When fired, the blank makes a flash and an explosive sound (report). Blanks are often used for simulation (such as in historical reenactments, theatre and movie special effects), training, and for signaling (see starting pistol). Blank cartridges differ from dummy cartridges, which are used for training or function testing firearms; these contain no primer or gunpowder, and are inert. Blank-firing adapter: Some weapons use an adapter fitted to the muzzle when firing blanks. Blowback: A system of operation for self-loading firearms that obtains power from the motion of the cartridge case as it is pushed to the rear by expanding gases created by the ignition of the powder charge. Blow-forward: A system of operation that pushes the weapon's bolt forwards to eject the bullet and cycle the action. Bluing or blueing: A passivation process in which steel is partially protected against rust, and is named after the blue-black appearance of the resulting protective finish. True gun bluing is an electrochemical conversion coating resulting from an oxidizing chemical reaction with iron on the surface selectively forming magnetite (Fe3O4), the black oxide of iron, which occupies the same volume as metallic iron. Bluing is most commonly used by gun manufacturers, gunsmiths and gun owners to improve the cosmetic appearance of, and provide a measure of corrosion resistance to, their firearms. Bolt action: A type of firearm action in which the firearm's bolt is operated manually by the opening and closing of the breech (barrel) with a small handle. As the handle is operated, the bolt is unlocked, the breech is opened, the spent shell casing is withdrawn and ejected, the firing pin is cocked, and a new round/shell (if available) is placed into the breech and the bolt closed. Bolt thrust or breech pressure: The amount of rearward force exerted by the propellant gases on the bolt or breech of a firearm action or breech when a projectile is fired. The applied force has both magnitude and direction, making it a vector quantity. Bolt: The part of a repeating, breech-loading firearm that blocks the rear opening (breech) of the barrel chamber while the propellant burns, and moves back and forward to facilitate loading/unloading of cartridges from the magazine. The extractor and firing pin are often integral parts of the bolt. Bore rope: A tool used to clean the barrel of a gun. Boresight: Crude adjustments made to an optical firearm sight, or iron sights, to align the firearm barrel and sights. This method is usually used to pre-align the sights, which makes zeroing (zero drop at XX distance) much faster. Box magazine: A standard magazine, that is generally rectangular in shape, and used for loading ammunition. Brass: The empty cartridge case. Break-action: A firearm whose barrels are hinged, and rotate perpendicular to the bore axis to expose the breech and allow loading and unloading of ammunition. Breech: The part of a breechloader that is opened for the insertion of ammunition. Breech pressure or bolt thrust: The amount of rearward force exerted by the propellant gases on the bolt or breech of a firearm action or breech when a projectile is fired. The applied force has both magnitude and direction, making it a vector quantity. Buffer: A component that reduces the velocity of recoiling parts (such as the bolt). Bullpup: A firearm configuration in which both the action and magazine are located behind the trigger. Burst mode: A firing mode enabling the shooter to fire a predetermined number of rounds, with a single pull of the trigger. Browning: John Moses Browning, an American firearms designer. The name is also used to refer to his designs, some of which include the M2 Browning, Browning Auto-5, and Browning Hi-Power. Bullet: the small metal projectile that is part of a cartridge and is fired through the barrel. Sometimes, but incorrectly, used to refer to a cartridge. Button rifling: Rifling that is formed by pulling a die made with reverse image of the rifling (the 'button') down the pre-drilled bore of a firearm barrel. See also cut rifling and hammer forging. C Caliber/calibre: In small arms, the internal diameter of a firearm's barrel or a cartridge's bullet, usually expressed in millimeters or hundredths of an inch; in measuring rifled barrels this may be measured across the lands (such as .303 British) or grooves (such as .308 Winchester) or; a specific cartridge for which a firearm is chambered, such as .44 Magnum. In artillery, the length of the barrel expressed in terms of the internal diameter. Caplock: An obsolete mechanism for discharging a firearm. Carbine: A shortened version of a service rifle, often chambered in a less potent cartridge or; a shortened version of the infantryman's musket or rifle suited for use by cavalry. Cartridge: The assembly consisting of a bullet, gunpowder, shell casing, and primer. When counting, it is referred to as a "round". Caseless ammunition: A type of small arms ammunition that eliminates the cartridge case that typically holds the primer, propellant, and projectile together as a unit. Casket magazine: A quad stack box magazine. Centerfire: A cartridge in which the primer is located in the center of the cartridge case head. Unlike rimfire cartridges, the primer is a separate and replaceable component. The centerfire cartridge has replaced the rimfire in all but the smallest cartridge sizes. Except for low-powered .22 and .17 caliber cartridges, and a handful of antiques, all modern pistol, rifle, and shotgun ammunition are centerfire. Chain gun: A type of single barrelled machine gun or autocannon that uses an external source of power to cycle the weapon. Chamber: The portion of the barrel or firing cylinder in which the cartridge is inserted prior to being fired. Rifles and pistols generally have a single chamber in their barrels, while revolvers have multiple chambers in their cylinders and no chamber in their barrel. Chambering: Inserting a round into the chamber, either manually or through the action of the weapon. Charger: UK parlance for a stripper clip, a speedloader that holds several cartridges together in a single unit for easier loading of a firearm's magazine. Charging handle: Device on a firearm which, when operated, results in the hammer or striker being cocked or moved to the ready position. Choke: A tapered constriction of a shotgun barrel's bore at the muzzle end. Chokes are almost always used with modern hunting and target shotguns, to improve performance Clip: A device that is used to store multiple rounds of ammunition together as a unit, ready for insertion into the magazine of a repeating firearm. This speeds up the process of loading and reloading the firearm as several rounds can be loaded at once, rather than one round being loaded at a time. COL (cartridge overall length): Factory ammunition is loaded to a standard, SAAMI specified, Cartridge Overall Length so that the ammunition will reliably function in all firearms and action types. This specified O.A.L. has nothing to do with optimizing accuracy, and is typically much shorter than the O.A.L. used by handloaders for the same cartridge. For the last several decades, the rule of thumb was the closer you seated the bullet to the lands, the better the accuracy. Currently, it is understood that this isn't always true. It is true that some bullets and some rifles perform best when bullets are seated out long enough to touch the lands, but other bullets perform best when they have a certain amount of “jump” to the lands. The only rule is: there is no rule. Collateral damage: Damage that is unintended or incidental to the intended outcome. The term originated in the United States military, but it has since expanded into broader use. Collimator sight: A type of optical "blind" sight that allows the user looking into it to see an illuminated aiming point aligned with the device the sight is attached to regardless of eye position (parallax free). The user can not see through the sight so it is used with both eyes open while one looks into the sight, with one eye open and moving the head to alternately see the sight and then at the target, or using one eye to partially see the sight and target at the same time. (variant names/types: "collimating sight","occluded eye gunsight" (OEG).) Combination gun: A shoulder-held firearm that has two barrels; one rifle barrel and one shotgun barrel. Most combination guns are of an over-under design (O/U), in which the two barrels are stacked vertically on top of each other, but side-by-side (S/S) combination guns are also made. Cooking off: The premature explosion of ammunition, for example when a gun is hot from sustained firing the heat can ignite the propellant and make the weapon fire. Cordite: A family of smokeless propellants developed and produced in the United Kingdom from 1889 to replace gunpowder as a military propellant. Like gunpowder, cordite is classified as a low explosive because of its slow burning rates and consequently low brisance. The hot gases produced by burning gunpowder or cordite generate sufficient pressure to propel a bullet or shell to its target, but not enough to destroy the barrel of the firearm, or gun. CQB: close-quarters combat (CQC) or close quarters battle (CQB) is a type of fighting in which small units engage the enemy with personal weapons at very short range, potentially to the point of hand-to-hand combat or fighting with hand weapons such as swords or knives. Cylindro-conoidal bullet: A hollow base bullet, shaped so that, when fired, the bullet expands and seals the bore. It was invented by Captain John Norton of the British 34th Regiment in 1832, after he examined the blow pipe arrows used by the natives in India and found that their base was formed of elastic lotus pith, which by its expansion against the inner surface of the blow pipe prevented the escape of air past it. D Damascus barrel or damascus twist: An obsolete method of manufacturing a firearm barrel made by twisting strips of metal around a mandrel and forge welding it into shape. See also Damascus steel. Delayed blowback: A type of blowback operation when fired uses an operation to delay the opening until the gas pressure drops to a safe level to extract. Derringer: A breechloading handgun, that typically has multiple barrels. Because of their construction, derringers are much smaller than other handguns. Direct impingement: A type of gas operation for a firearm that directs gas from a fired cartridge directly to the bolt carrier or slide assembly to cycle the action. Disassembly: The removal of parts of a firearm, usually as part of a field strip. Discharge: Firing a weapon. Doglock: The lock that preceded the 'true' flintlock in both rifles and pistols in the 17th century. Commonly used throughout Europe in the 1600s, it gained popular favor in the British and Dutch military. A doglock carbine was the principal weapon of the harquebusier, the most numerous type of cavalry in the armies of Thirty Years War and the English Civil War era. Double-barreled shotgun: A shotgun with two barrels, usually of the same gauge or bore. The two types of double-barreled shotguns are over/under (O/U), in which the two barrels are stacked on top of each other, and side-by-side (S/S), in which the two barrels sit beside each other. For double-barreled guns that use one shotgun barrel and one rifle barrel, see combination gun. Double action revolver: A revolver whose trigger performs two actions, firing the round, and cocking the hammer. Double rifle: A rifle that has two barrels, usually of the same caliber. Like shotguns, they are configured either in over/under, or side-by-side. Drilling: A firearm with three barrels (from the German word drei for three). Typically it has two barrels side by side on the top, with a third rifle barrel underneath. Drum magazine: A type of firearms magazine that is cylindrical in shape, similar to a drum. Dry fire: the practice of "firing" a firearm without ammunition. That is, to pull the trigger and allow the hammer or striker to drop on an empty chamber. Dum-dum: A bullet designed to expand on impact, increasing in diameter to limit penetration and/or produce a larger diameter wound. The two typical designs are the hollow point bullet and the soft point bullet. Dummy: A round of ammunition that is completely inert, i.e., contains no primer, propellant, or explosive charge. It is used to check weapon function, and for crew training. Unlike a blank, it contains no charge at all. Dust cover: a seal for the ejection port (which allows spent brass to exit the upper receiver after firing) from allowing contaminants such as sand, dirt, or other debris from entering the mechanism. E Ear protection: Devices used to help reduce the sound of a firearm, to prevent hearing damage. Most commonly earplugs or ear defenders. Effective range: The maximum range at which a particular firearm can accurately hit a target. Electronic firing: The use of an electric current to fire a cartridge, instead of a percussion cap. In an electronic-fired firearm an electric current is used instead to ignite the propellant, which fires the cartridge as soon as the trigger is pulled. Eye relief: For optics such as binoculars or a rifle scope, eye relief is the distance from the eyepiece to the viewer's eye that matches the eyepiece exit pupil to the eye's entrance pupil. Short eye relief requires the observer to press their eye close to the eyepiece in order to see an un-vignetted image. For a shooter, eye relief is an important safety consideration. An optic with too short an eye relief can cut skin at the contact point between the optic and the shooter's eyebrow due to recoil. Expanding bullet: An expanding bullet is a bullet designed to expand on impact, increasing in diameter to limit penetration and/or produce a larger diameter wound. The two typical designs are the hollow point bullet and the soft point bullet. Extractor: A part in a firearm that serves to remove brass cases of fired ammunition after the ammunition has been fired. When the gun's action cycles, the extractor lifts or removes the spent brass casing from the firing chamber. F Fail-to-fire: A firearm malfunction in which a firearm is incapable of discharging a round. Falling block action (also known as a sliding-block action): A single-shot firearm action in which a solid metal breechblock slides vertically in grooves cut into the breech of the rifle and actuated by a lever. In the top position, it locks and resists recoil while sealing the chamber. In the lower position, it leaves the chamber open so the shooter can load a cartridge from the rear. Ferritic nitrocarburizing: A case hardening processes that diffuse nitrogen and carbon into ferrous metals at sub-critical temperatures to improve scuffing resistance, fatigue properties and corrosion resistance of metal surfaces. Also called nitriding. Feed ramp: A detail which leads the cartridge from the magazine into the chamber. Field strip: Disassembling a firearm for the purpose of repair or cleaning, without tools. When using tools, this is called a detail strip. Firearm: A weapon that fires bullets, and of such a size that is designed for usage by one individual. Fire forming: The process of reshaping a metallic cartridge case to fit a new chamber by firing it within that chamber. Firing pin: The part of a firearm that strikes the primer, discharging the round. Forcing cone: The tapered section at the rear of the barrel of a revolver that eases the entry of the bullet into the bore. Flash suppressor or flash hider: A device that is attached to the muzzle of a firearm, that lowers the temperature at which gases disperse upon firing. Flintlock: An obsolete mechanism for discharging a firearm. Fluted barrel: Removal of material from a cylindrical surface, usually creating grooves. This is most often the barrel of a rifle, though it may also refer to the cylinder of a revolver or the bolt of a bolt action rifle. In contrast to rifle barrels and revolver cylinders, rifle bolts are normally helically fluted, though helical fluting is sometimes also applied to rifle barrels. Fluted chamber: A barrel chamber that allows gas to leak around the cartridge during extraction. Fluted chambers are often found in Delayed Blowback firearms. Fouling shot: A fouling shot is a shot fired through a clean bore, intended to leave some residue of firing and prepare the bore for more consistent performance in subsequent shots. The first shot through a clean bore behaves differently from subsequent shots through a bore with traces of powder residue, resulting in a different point of impact. Also, the Fouling Shot Journal, a publication of the Cast Bullet Association Forward assist: A button, found commonly on M16 and AR-15-styled rifles, usually located near the bolt closure, that when hit, pushes the bolt carrier forward, ensuring that the bolt is locked. Fouling: The accumulation of unwanted material on solid surfaces. The fouling material can consist of either powder, lubrication residue, or bullet material such as lead or copper. Frangible: A bullet that is designed to disintegrate into tiny particles upon impact to minimize their penetration for reasons of range safety, to limit environmental impact, or to limit the danger behind the intended target. Examples are the Glaser Safety Slug and the breaching round. Frizzen: An "L" shaped piece of steel hinged at the rear used in flintlock firearms. The flint scraping the steel throws a shower of sparks into the flash pan. G Gas bleed: A device used on a firearm for various purposes. One example found on bolt action rifles to prevent ruptured cartridges. The other used on gas operated firearms, usually a small hole on the barrel/gas block that is used to push back a gas piston to unlock the bolt. Gas check: A device used in some types of firearms ammunition when non-jacketed bullets are used in high pressure cartridges, to prevent the buildup of lead in the barrel and aid in accuracy. Gas-operated reloading: A system of operation used to provide energy to operate autoloading firearms. Gatling gun: A hand-crank operated cannon named after its inventor, Richard Gatling. In modern usage, a Gatling often refers to a rotary machine gun. Gauge: The gauge of a firearm is a unit of measurement used to express the diameter of the barrel. General purpose machine gun: A machine gun intended to fill the role of either a light machine gun or medium machine gun, while at the same time being man-portable. Grain is a unit of measurement of mass that is based upon the mass of a single seed of a typical cereal. Used in firearms to denote the amount of powder in a cartridge or the weight of a bullet. Traditionally it was based on the weight of a grain of wheat or barley, but since 1958, the grain (gr) measure has been redefined using the International System of Units as precisely . There are 7,000 grains per avoirdupois pound in the Imperial and U.S. customary units. Grip safety: A safety mechanism, usually a lever on the rear of a pistol grip, that automatically unlocks the trigger mechanism of a firearm as pressure is applied by the shooter's hand. Gunpowder, also called black powder, is a mixture of sulfur, charcoal, and potassium nitrate. It burns rapidly, producing a volume of hot gas made up of carbon dioxide, water, and nitrogen, and a solid residue of potassium sulfide. Because of its burning properties and the amount of heat and gas volume that it generates, gunpowder has been widely used as a propellant in firearms and as a pyrotechnic composition in fireworks. The term gunpowder also refers broadly to any propellant powder. Modern firearms do not use the traditional gunpowder (black powder) described here, but instead use smokeless powder. Gun serial number: A unique identifier given to a specific firearm. H Hammer bite: The action of an external hammer pinching or poking the web of the operator's shooting hand between the thumb and fore-finger when the gun is fired. Some handguns prone to this are the M1911 pistol and the Browning Hi-Power. Hang fire: An unexpected delay between the triggering of a firearm and the ignition of the propellant. This failure was common in firearm actions that relied on open primer pans, due to the poor or inconsistent quality of the powder. Modern weapons are susceptible, particularly if the ammunition has been stored in an environment outside of the design specifications. Half-cock: The position of the hammer where the hammer is partially but not completely cocked. Many firearms, particularly older firearms, had a notch cut into the hammer allowing half-cock, as this position would neither allow the gun to fire nor permit the hammer-mounted firing pin to rest on a live percussion cap or cartridge. The purpose of the half-cock position has variously been used both for loading a firearm, and as a safety-mechanism. Hammer: The function of the hammer is to strike the firing pin in a firearm, which in turn detonates the impact-sensitive cartridge primer. The hammer of a firearm was given its name for both resemblance and functional similarity to the common tool. Handgun: A type of firearm that is compact enough that it can be held and used with a single hand Headspace: The distance measured from the part of the chamber that stops forward motion of the cartridge (the datum reference) to the face of the bolt. Used as a verb, headspace refers to the interference created between this part of the chamber and the feature of the cartridge that achieves the correct positioning. Headstamp: A headstamp is the markings on the bottom of a cartridge case designed for a firearm. It usually tells who manufactured the case. If it is a civilian case it often also tells the caliber, if it is military, the year of manufacture is often added. Heavy machine gun: A machine gun firing rifle cartridges, considerably larger than a medium or light machine gun. Most heavy machine guns fire larger rounds, such as the .50 BMG or 12.7×108mm. High brass: A shotgun shell for more powerful loads with the brass extended up further along the sides of the shell, while light loads use "low brass" shells. The brass does not provide significantly more strength, but the difference in appearance helps shooters quickly differentiate between high and low powered ammunition. Holographic weapon sight: a non-magnifying gun sight that allows the user to look through a glass optical window and see a cross hair reticle image superimposed at a distance on the field of view. The hologram of the reticle is built into the window and is illuminated by a laser diode. I Improved cartridge: A wildcat cartridge that is created by straightening out the sides of an existing case and making a sharper shoulder to maximize powder space. Frequently the neck length and shoulder position are altered as well. The caliber is NOT changed in the process. IMR powder or Improved Military Rifle: A series of tubular nitrocellulose smokeless powders evolved from World War I through World War II for loading military and commercial ammunition and sold to private citizens for reloading rifle ammunition for hunting and target shooting. Improvised firearm: A firearm manufactured by someone who is not a regular maker of firearms, often as part of an insurgency. Internal ballistics: A subfield of ballistics, that is the study of a projectile's behavior from the time its propellant's igniter is initiated until it exits the gun barrel. The study of internal ballistics is important to designers and users of firearms of all types, from small-bore Olympic rifles and pistols, to high-tech artillery. Iron sights are a system of aligned markers used to assist in the aiming of a device such as a firearm, crossbow, or telescope, and exclude the use of optics as in a scope. Iron sights are typically composed of two component sights, formed by metal blades: a rear sight mounted perpendicular to the line of sight and consisting of some form of notch (open sight) or aperture (closed sight); and a front sight that is a post, bead, or ring. J Jacket: A metal, usually copper, wrapped around a lead core to form a bullet. Jam: A type of firearm malfunction, in which a bullet does not load properly and gets stuck. Jeweling: A cosmetic process to enhance the looks of firearm parts, such as the bolt. The look is created with an abrasive brush and compound that roughs the surface of the metal in a circular pattern. K Keyhole or keyholing: Refers to the end-over-end tumbling of the bullet which will often leave an elongated or keyhole shaped hole in a paper target. This occurs when the bullet is insufficiently stabilised by the firearm's rifling, either because the rifling is too slow or long for a given bullet, also meaning that the bullet is too long or tail heavy for said rifling. Or else due to poor fit of an undersize bullet in the gun barrel. In these cases the bullet has a natural tendency to wobble, and may start to tumble end-over-end just encountering the resistance of the air. Keyholing can also occur in wounding (human or animal), when the bullet is sufficiently stabilised for penetrating the air only, but not for penetrating denser media such as bone or flesh. In these cases tumbling starts at some point inside the victim's body, subsequently causing massive wounding. When using a bullet/rifling combination which is just sufficiently stabilised for normal flight though free air, and so to easily produce massive keyhole wounds in the victim, then keyholing may occur quite easily in flight if any obstacle is encountered, be it a twig, leaf, even a blade of grass or a large rain-drop. Khyber Pass copy: A firearm manufactured by cottage gunsmiths in the Khyber Pass region between Pakistan and Afghanistan. Kick: The recoil or backward momentum of a firearm when it is discharged. L Laser sight: an attachment that projects a laser beam onto the target, providing a rough point of impact. Leading: The act of aiming a firearm in front of a moving target, to compensate for the bullet's travel time. Length of pull: The distance between the trigger and the butt end of the stock of a rifle or shotgun. Lever-action: A type of firearm action with a lever that encircles the trigger guard area, (often including the trigger guard itself) to load fresh cartridges into the chamber of the barrel when the lever is worked. Light machine gun: a class of machine gun often defined as being designed for carry and use by a single operator, firing the same intermediate-power cartridge as other soldiers in the team. Live fire exercise or LFX: Any exercise that simulates a realistic scenario for the use of specific equipment. In the popular lexicon this applies primarily to tests of weapons or weapon systems associated with a branch of a nation's armed forces, though the term can also apply to civilian activity. Lug: any piece that projects from a firearm for the purpose of attaching something to it. For example, barrel lugs are used to attach a break-action shotgun barrel to the action itself. If the firearm is a revolver, the term may also refer to a protrusion under the barrel that adds weight, thereby stabilizing the gun during aiming, mitigating recoil, and reducing muzzle flip. A full lug extends all the way to the muzzle, while a half lug extends only partially down the barrel. On a swing-out-cylinder revolver, the lug is slotted to accommodate the ejector rod. M Machine gun: A fully automatic weapon capable of sustained fire, that fires rifle cartridges. Machine pistol: A pistol capable of automatic fire. Also used interchangeably with submachine gun. Magazine: A magazine is an ammunition storage and feeding device within or attached to a repeating firearm. Magazines may be integral to the firearm (fixed) or removable (detachable). The magazine functions by moving the cartridges stored in the magazine into a position where they may be loaded into the chamber by the action of the firearm. Match grade: Firearm parts and ammunition that are suitable for a competitive match. This refers to parts that are designed and manufactured such that they have a relatively tight-tolerances and high level of accuracy. Matchlock: An obsolete mechanism for discharging a firearm. Medium machine gun: A class of machine gun often defined as being designed for carry and use by multiple operators, firing a full-power rifle cartridge. Muzzle: The part of a firearm at the end of the barrel from which the projectile exits. Muzzle brakes and recoil compensators: Devices that are fitted to the muzzle of a firearm to redirect propellant gases with the effect of countering both recoil of the gun and unwanted rising of the barrel during rapid fire. Muzzle energy: the kinetic energy of a bullet as it is expelled from the muzzle of a firearm. It is often used as a rough indication of the destructive potential of a given firearm or load. The heavier the bullet and the faster it moves, the higher its muzzle energy and the more damage it does. Muzzle velocity: The speed at which a projectile leaves the muzzle of the gun. Muzzle velocities range from approximately for some pistols and older cartridges to more than in modern cartridges such as the .220 Swift and .204 Ruger. In conventional guns, muzzle velocity is determined by the quality (burn speed, expansion) and quantity of the propellant, the mass of the projectile, and the length of the barrel. N Necking down or necking up: Shrinking or expanding the neck of an existing cartridge to make it use a bullet of a different caliber. A typical process used in the creation of wildcat cartridges. Nitroglycerin: A chemical compound that can be used as an explosive. NRA: National Rifle Association (disambiguation). Most commonly referring to National Rifle Association of America: American organization that lists its goals as the protection of the Second Amendment of the United States Bill of Rights and the promotion of firearm ownership rights as well as marksmanship, firearm safety, and the protection of hunting and self-defense in the United States. The NRA is also the sanctioning body for most marksmanship competition in the United States, from the local to international level (particularly bullseye style events). O Out-of-battery: The status of a weapon before the action has returned to the normal firing position. The term originates from artillery, referring to a gun that fires before it has been pulled back into its firing position in a gun battery. In firearms where there is an automatic loading mechanism, a condition in which a live round is at least partially in the firing chamber and capable of being fired, but is not properly secured by the usual mechanism of that particular weapon can occur. Over and Under (O/U): A configuration for double-barreled shotguns, in which the barrels are arranged vertically Over-bore: Small caliber bullets being used in very large cases. It is the relationship between the volume of powder that can fit in a case and the diameter of the inside of the barrel or bore. Obturate: An ordnance word; to close (a hole or cavity) so as to prevent a flow of gas through it, especially the escape of explosive gas from a gun tube during firing. The process of obturation is where a recess in the base of a bullet allows for expanding gases to press against the base and inside skirt of the bullet creating a gas tight seal to the bore. See also swage. Offset mount: A situation wherein it may not be practical to mount a telescopic sight directly above the receiver and barrel of a firearm. This was noted with many military and service arms where new ammunition was fed from above along a similar path, in reverse, to the spent cartridge cases being ejected clear. Not often seen or used today, although complete or partial sets of offset mounts attract keen interest from restorers and collectors. Open bolt: Open-bolt weapons have the bolt to the rear of the receiver when ready to fire. This means that when the trigger is pulled the bolt moves forward, feeds a cartridge into the chamber and fires that cartridge in one movement. Open sight: A type of iron sight that has an open notch. Open Tip Match: The open tip design employs a precision deep drawn jacket with lead inserted from the front tip and ogival forming from the open tip mouth, and originated strictly for competitive match. P Paramilitary ammunition: Firearm ammunition not used by the armed forces but retains combat capabilities and sold commercially to civilians or used by various law enforcement/government organisations. Paramilitary firearm: Firearms not used by the armed forces but retains military capabilities (IE: Design layout, ergonomics, field strip ability, modularity etc). The term may refer to semi automatic only variants of military firearms sold to civilians/law enforcement agencies/government paramilitary organisations or privately-owned military firearms (semi- or full-auto) chambered in civilian rounds. Parkerizing: A method of protecting a steel surface from corrosion and increasing its resistance to wear through the application of an electrochemical phosphate conversion coating. Also called phosphating and phosphatizing. Parts kit: A kit of firearm parts minus the receiver. Used to build a complete firearm with the purchase or manufacture of a receiver (regulated in the US). Percussion cap: a small cylinder of copper or brass that was the crucial invention that enabled muzzle-loading firearms to fire reliably in any weather. The cap has one closed end. Inside the closed end is a small amount of a shock-sensitive explosive material such as fulminate of mercury. The percussion cap is placed over a hollow metal "nipple" at the rear end of the gun barrel. Pulling the trigger releases a hammer, which strikes the percussion cap and ignites the explosive primer. The flame travels through the hollow nipple to ignite the main powder charge. Picatinny rail: A bracket used on some firearms to provide a standardized mounting platform. Pinfire: An obsolete type of brass cartridge in which the priming compound is ignited by striking a small pin that protrudes radially from just above the base of the cartridge. Plinking: Informal target shooting done at non-traditional targets such as tin cans, glass bottles, and balloons filled with water. POA: point of aim. Point of Impact: The exact place at which a bullet hits its target. Pistol: A type of firearm that can be held and fired with one hand. The word pistol is usually used to refer specifically to a semi-automatic pistol. Pistol grip: A feature on some firearms that gives the user a slightly curved area to grip, just rear of the trigger. Powerhead or bang stick: A specialized firearm used underwater that is fired when in direct contact with the target. Propellant: The substance in a cartridge that burns to create pressure that propels the projectile. Examples are cordite and gunpowder. Pump-action: A rifle or shotgun in which the handgrip can be pumped back and forth to eject a spent round of ammunition and to chamber a fresh one. It is much faster than a bolt-action and somewhat faster than a lever-action, as it does not require that the shooter remove their trigger hand during reloading. In rifles, this action is also commonly called a slide action. R Ramrod: A device used with early firearms to push the projectile up against the propellant (mainly gunpowder). Rate of fire: The frequency at which a firearm can fire its projectiles. Usually measured in RPM (rounds per minute). Receiver: the part of a firearm that houses the operating parts. Recoil: The backward momentum of a gun when it is discharged. In technical terms, the recoil caused by the gun exactly balances the forward momentum of the projectile, according to Newton's third law. (often called kickback or simply kick). Recoil operation: An operating mechanism used in locked-breech, autoloading firearms. As the name implies, these actions use the force of recoil to provide energy to cycle the action. Red dot magnifier: An optical telescope that can be paired with a non-magnifying optical sight turning the combination into a telescopic sight. Red dot sight: A type of reflector (reflex) sight for firearms that gives the uses a red light-emitting diode as a reticle to create an aim point. Reflector (reflex) sight: A generally non-magnifying optical device that has an optically collimated reticle, allowing the user to look through a partially reflecting glass element and see a parallax free cross hair or other projected aiming point superimposed on the field of view. Invented in 1900 but not generally used on firearms until reliably illuminated versions were invented in the late 1970s (usually referred to by the abbreviation "reflex sight"). Revolver: A repeating firearm that has a cylinder containing multiple chambers and at least one barrel for firing. Ricochet: A rebound, bounce or skip off a surface, particularly in the case of a projectile. Rifle bedding: A process of filling gaps between the action and the stock of a rifle with an epoxy based material. Rifling: Helical grooves in the barrel of a gun or firearm, which imparts a spin to a projectile around its long axis. This spin serves to gyroscopically stabilize the projectile, improving its aerodynamic stability and accuracy. Rimfire: A type of firearm cartridge that used a firing pin to strike the base's rim, instead of striking the primer cap at the center of the base of the cartridge to ignite it (as in a centerfire cartridge). The rim of the rimfire cartridge is essentially an extended and widened percussion cap that contains the priming compound, while the cartridge case itself contains the propellant powder and the projectile (bullet). Riot gun: A gun that has been loaded for rubber bullets, smoke grenades, or any other projectile that is not designed to kill its target. Rolling block: A form of firearm action where the sealing of the breech is done with a circular shaped breechblock able to rotate on a pin. The breechblock is locked into place by the hammer, thus preventing the cartridge from moving backwards at the moment of firing. By cocking the hammer, the breechblock can be rotated freely to reload the weapon. Rotary cannon: A type of autocannon that contains multiple rotating barrels. If in a machine gun caliber it is referred to as a rotary machine gun. Round: a single cartridge. RPM: Rounds per minute S Sabot: A device used in a firearm to fire a projectile, such as a bullet, that is smaller than the bore diameter. Safety: A mechanism used to help prevent the accidental discharge of a firearm in case of unsafe handling. Safeties can generally be divided into sub-types such as internal safeties (which typically do not receive input from the user) and external safeties (which typically allow the user to give input, for example, toggling a lever from "on" to "off" or something similar). Sometimes these are called "passive" and "active" safeties (or "automatic" and "manual"), respectively. Sawed-off shotgun/Sawn off shotgun/Short-barreled shotgun (SBS): A type of shotgun with a shorter gun barrel and often a shorter or deleted stock. Selective fire: A firearm that fires semi–automatically and at least one automatic mode by means of a selector depending on the weapon's design. Some selective fire weapons utilize burst fire mechanisms to limit the maximum or total number of shots fired automatically in this mode. The most common limits are two or three rounds per pull of the trigger. Selector: The part of a selective fire weapon that allows the user to choose their desired mode of firing. Semi-automatic: Firing a single bullet each time the trigger is pulled. Semi-automatic pistol: A pistol that has a single chamber, and is capable of semi-automatic fire. Semi-wadcutter (SWC): A type of all-purpose bullet commonly used in revolvers that combines features of the wadcutter target bullet and traditional round nosed revolver bullets, and is used in both revolver and pistol cartridges for hunting, target shooting, and plinking. The basic SWC design consists of a roughly conical nose, truncated with a flat point, sitting on a cylinder. The flat nose punches a clean hole in the target, rather than tearing it like a round nose bullet would, and the sharp shoulder enlarges the hole neatly, allowing easy and accurate scoring of the target. The SWC design offers better external ballistics than the wadcutter, as its conical nose produces less drag than the flat cylinder. Shooting range: Specialized facility designed for firearms practice. Shooting sticks: Portable weapon mounts. Short-barreled rifle (SBR): A legal designation in the United States, referring to a shoulder-fired, rifled firearm with a barrel length of less than 16" (40.6 cm) or overall length of less than 26" (66.0 cm). Shotgun: A type of firearm designed to fire shotshell ('shot'), which releases a large number of small projectiles upon firing. Side by side (S/S): A configuration for double-barreled shotguns, in which the barrels are arranged horizontally Silencer, suppressor, sound suppressor, sound moderator, or "hush puppy": A device attached to or part of the barrel of a firearm to reduce the amount of noise and flash generated by firing the weapon. Single-action: Usually referring to a pistol or revolver, single-action is when the hammer is pulled back manually by the shooter (cocking it), after which the trigger is operated to fire the shot. See also double-action. Single-shot: A firearm that holds only a single round of ammunition, and must be reloaded after each shot. Slamfire: A premature, unintended discharge of a firearm that occurs as a round is being loaded into the chamber. Sleeving: A method of using new tubes to replace a worn-out gun barrel. Slide bite or Snake bite: A phenomenon often grouped with hammer bite—in this case the web of the shooting hand is cut or abraded by the rearward motion of the semi-automatic pistol's slide, not by the gun's hammer. This most often occurs with small pistols like the Walther PPK and Walther TPH that have an abbreviated grip tang. This problem is exacerbated by the sharp machining found on many firearms. Sling: A type of strap or harness designed to allow an operator carry a firearm (usually a long gun such as a rifle, carbine, shotgun, or submachine gun) on his/her person and/or aid in greater hit probability with that firearm. Snubnosed revolver: A revolver with a short barrel length. Speedloader: A device used for loading a firearm or firearm magazine with loose ammunition very quickly. Generally, speedloaders are used for loading all chambers of a revolver simultaneously, although speedloaders of different designs are also used for the loading of fixed tubular magazines of shotguns and rifles, or the loading of box or drum magazines. Revolver speedloaders are used for revolvers having either swing-out cylinders or top-break cylinders. Spitzer bullet: An aerodynamic bullet design. Sporterising, sporterisation, or sporterization: The practice of modifying military-type firearms either to make them suitable for civilian sporting use or to make them legal under the law. Squib load, also known as squib round, pop and no kick, or just squib: A firearms malfunction in which a fired projectile does not have enough force behind it to exit the barrel, and thus becomes stuck. Squib loads make the firearm unsafe to shoot, unless the projectile can be removed. Stock: The part of a rifle or other firearm, to which the barrel and firing mechanism are attached, that is held against one's shoulder when firing the gun. The stock provides a means for the shooter to firmly support the device and easily aim it. Stopping power: The ability of a firearm or other weapon to cause a penetrating ballistic injury to a target, human or animal, sufficient to incapacitate the target where it stands. Stripper clip: A speedloader that holds several cartridges together in a single unit for easier loading of a firearm's magazine. Submachine gun: A type of automatic, magazine-fed weapon that fires pistol cartridges. Swage: To reduce an item in size by forcing through a die. In internal ballistics, swaging refers to the process where bullets are swaged into the rifling of the barrel by the force of the expanding powder gases. Swaged bullet: A bullet that is formed by forcing the bullet into a die to assume its final form. Swaged choke: A constriction or choke in a shotgun barrel formed by a swaging process that compresses the outside of the barrel. Swaged rifling: Rifling in a firearm barrel formed by a swaging process, such as button rifling. T Taylor KO Factor: Mathematical approach for evaluating the stopping power of hunting cartridges, which favors cartridges with a high momentum and a large bullet diameter. Telescoping stock or collapsing stock: A stock on a firearm that can telescope or fold in on itself to become more compact. Telescoping stocks are useful for storing a rifle or weapon in a space that it would not normally fit in. Terminal ballistics: A sub-field of ballistics, the study of the behavior of a projectile when it hits its target. Throat Erosion (firearms): The wearing of the portion of the barrel where the gas pressure and heat is highest as the projectile leaves the chamber. The greater the chamber pressure, the more rapid throat erosion occurs. This is compounded by rapid firing, which heats and weakens the steel. Trigger: A mechanism that actuates the firing sequence of a firearm. Triggers almost universally consist of levers or buttons actuated by the index finger. Trunnion: a cylindrical protrusion used as a mounting and/or pivoting point. On firearms, the barrel is sometimes mounted in a trunnion, which in turn is mounted to the receiver. Turn bolt: A turn bolt refers to a firearm component that where the whole bolt without using a bolt carrier turns to lock/unlock. This is mostly used to describe manually operated bolt action firearms, but also on some automatic firearms. U Upset forging: A process that increases the diameter of a workpiece by compressing its length. Underlug: The locking lugs on a break-action firearm that extend from the bottom of the barrels under the chamber(s) and connect into the receiver bottom. 2. The metal shroud underneath the barrel of a revolver that surrounds and protects the extractor rod. The two types of underlugs include half-lug, meaning the shroud does not run the entire length of the barrel but instead is only as long as the extractor rod, and full-lug, meaning the shroud runs the full length of the barrel. Underwater firearm: A firearm specially designed for use underwater. V Varmint rifle: A small-caliber firearm or high-powered air gun primarily used for varmint hunting—killing non-native or non-game animals such as rats, house sparrows, starling, crows, ground squirrels, gophers, jackrabbits, marmots, groundhogs, porcupine, opossum, coyote, skunks, weasels, or feral cats, dogs, goats, pigs and other animals considered a nuisance vermin destructive to native or domestic plants and animals. Velocity: The speed at which a projectile travels. W Wadcutter: A special-purpose bullet specially designed for shooting paper targets, usually at close range and at subsonic velocities typically under . They are often used in handgun and airgun competitions. A wadcutter has a flat or nearly flat front that cuts a very clean hole through the paper target, making it easier to score and ideally reducing errors in scoring the target to the favor of the shooter. WCF: An acronym for a family of cartridges designed by Winchester Repeating Arms Company, called Winchester Center Fire, as in the .30–30 WCF or .32 WCF. Wheellock: An obsolete mechanism for discharging a firearm. Wildcat cartridge or wildcat: A custom cartridge for which ammunition and firearms are not mass-produced. These cartridges are often created to optimize a certain performance characteristic (such as the power, size or efficiency) of an existing commercial cartridge. See improved cartridge. Windage: The side-to-side adjustment of a sight, used to change the horizontal component of the aiming point. See also Kentucky windage. X X-ring: A circle in the middle of a shooting target bullseye used to determine winners in event of a tie. Y Yaw: The heading of a bullet, used in external ballistics that refers to how the Magnus effect causes bullets to move out of a straight line based on their spin. Z Zero-in or : The act of setting up a telescopic or other sighting system so that the point of impact of a bullet matches the sights at a specified distance. Zero stop: A stopping mechanism found on some scope sights letting the user easily dial back their sight to the zeroing distance after having adjusted their sight to shoot at other distances. See also Firearm components Firearm terminology Glossary of military abbreviations List of established military terms List of military tactics References Further reading Firearm terminology Firearm components Firearms

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20marching%20bands

List of marching bands

This is a list of marching bands. Major types include collegiate and military. At least 16 U.S. colleges have had scramble bands, which are also included in this list. North America United States Macy's Great American Marching Band U.S. Army All-American Marching Band Collegiate marching bands This list excludes scramble bands. Collegiate scramble bands Brown University Band University of Chicago Band Columbia University Marching Band Dartmouth College Marching Band Harvard University Band Humboldt State University Marching Lumberjacks Huskies Pep Band Lady Godiva Memorial Bnad Marching Owl Band The University of Pennsylvania Band Princeton University Band Stanford Band Virginia Pep Band William & Mary Pep Band Yale Precision Marching Band Festivals Collegiate Marching Band Festival Canada 78th Highlanders (Halifax Citadel) Pipe Band The Carnival Band (Canadian band) Hamilton Police Pipe Band Lady Godiva Memorial Band – scramble Ceremonial Band of the Waterloo Regional Police Royal Military College of Canada Bands – college Simon Fraser University Pipe Band – college Toronto Police Pipe Band Western Mustang Band – college Windsor Police Pipe Band – police University of British Columbia Thunderbird Marching Band – college Toronto Signals Band Oshawa Civic Band Calgary Round-Up Band Calgary Stetson Show Band Calgary Stampede Showband Our Lady of the Rockies High School Red Deer Royals Marching Showband Europe Austria Guggenmusik Great Britain Royal Marines Band Service – military Royal Corps of Army Music – military RAF Pipe Bands Association – military RAF Voluntary Bands – military Royal Air Force Music Services – military Cassino Band of Northumbria Army Cadet Force – military Ambassadors Showband Derby - college The Chesterfield Musketeers Showband – English Christ's Hospital Band - college Dagenham Girl Pipers – English Derby Serenaders - show band Distant Thunder – English Hertfordshire Showband – English Nexus Drum & Bugle Corps The Pacemakers Drum and Bugle Corps Romford Drum & Trumpet Corps – English Royal British Legion Band & Corps Of Drums Romford – English West of Scotland Band Alliance Russia Russian military bands Brass Band of the Government of Tuva Asia Armenia Band of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Armenia Israel Israel Defense Forces Orchestra Israel Police Orchestra Kazakhstan Presidential Orchestra of the State Security Service of the Republic of Kazakhstan Central Military Band of the Ministry of Defense of Kazakhstan Band of the National Guard of the Republic of Kazakhstan Singapore Singapore Armed Forces Band Singapore Police Force Band Saint Joseph's Institution Military Band Singapore National Cadet Corps Command Band Australasia Australia The Pipeband Club, Sydney Australian Army Band Corps – military The Lancer Band – military New Zealand Wellington Brass Band See also Lists of musicians Marching bands March (music) Brass band Concert band Corps of Drums Drum and bugle corps Police band (music) References Sources Marching.com Marching bands

35460689

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Increase

Increase

Increase may refer to: Increase (given name) Increase (knitting), the creation of one or more new stitches Increase, Mississippi, a former name of a community See also Decline (disambiguation)

39522249

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darababad

Darababad

Darababad (, also Romanized as Dārābābād) is a village in Zeydabad Rural District, in the Central District of Sirjan County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 110, in 29 families. References Populated places in Sirjan County

64024621

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazuca%20amoena

Mazuca amoena

Mazuca amoena is a moth in the family Noctuidae. It can be found from the Democratic Republic of the Congo to Zimbabwe, with one instance in South Africa. Appearance M. amoena is a white moth with black stripes along the border of the wing, a few red stripes along the mid-top, an orange circle along the ends of the wings, and smaller black circles towards the center. Taxonomy M. amoena was named by Karl Jordan in 1933. References Hadeninae Moths described in 1933

46893643

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis%20Carson

Francis Carson

Francis Carson can refer to: Frank Carson (ice hockey) (Reginald Francis Carson, 1902–1957), Canadian ice hockey player Frank Carson (Hugh Francis Carson, 1926–2012), Irish comedian Frank Hough (Francis Carson Hough, born 1944), Australian politician

17642221

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kennedy%20Park

Kennedy Park

Kennedy Park may refer to: in Canada Kennedy Park, Toronto, a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada in Ireland Kennedy Park (Cork, Ireland), a park in Cork city, Ireland in the United States Kennedy Park (Fall River, Massachusetts), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts Kennedy Park (Holyoke, Massachusetts), a park in Holyoke, Massachusetts, United States Kennedy Park (Hayward, California), a park adjacent to an historic house museum Kennedy Park (Lewiston, Maine), a park in Lewiston, Maine, United States Kennedy Park (Portland, Maine), a neighborhood in Portland, Maine, United States Kennedy Park (Springfield, Illinois), a park in Springfield, Illinois, United States

5277669

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilden%20Ironworks

Wilden Ironworks

The Wilden Ironworks was an ironworks in Wilden, Worcestershire, England. It operated for many years and was acquired by the Baldwin family, ancestors of British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin. Wilden Mill Wilden was part of the demesne of the Bishop of Worcester's manor of Hartlebury. A mill was built on the River Stour in 1511 by William Baylly, a fuller. It was thus presumably a fulling mill. Foley Ironworks In 1647, it was referred to as having (or rather having had) six walk stocks and two corn mills. In fact, in about 1633, it had been converted to include a slitting mill. This was bought by Richard Foley, who subsequently gave it to his son Thomas. In 1647, he built a finery forge there, and when his eldest son another Thomas renewed the lease in 1685, it was described as having a slitting mill and two forges. This was one of a number of ironworks in the lower Stour valley that depended on pig iron brought up the River Severn from the Forest of Dean and elsewhere. It produced bar iron and wrought iron for manufacture into finished iron goods, such as nails, in the Black Country. Operation of the ironworks passed in 1669 with the rest of the older Thomas's Midlands ironworks to his youngest son Philip Foley, and he operated them until 1679, when he arranged for his brother to lease the works to Richard Avenant and John Wheeler, who had been his managers. They ran them until 1692 when a new partnership, 'Ironworks in Partnership', was formed between Philip Foley, his brother Paul, Avenant, Wheeler, and Wheeler's brother Richard, with John Wheeler as managing partner. Richard withdrew in 1698, taking over certain other ironworks on his own. In 1705, the partnership gave up its last ironworks in the Midlands, when William Rea of a new partnership. An estate enterprise The forge lease was transferred to Richard Knight of Bringewood for its final years. When it expired in 1708, the landlord used it himself. He was the third Thomas Foley of Great Witley, who was in 1712 created Lord Foley to enable Robert Harley to have a majority in the House of Lords. His son Thomas 2nd Lord Foley operated it until his death in 1766, when it passed with the rest of the Great Witley estates to his distant cousin (descended from Paul Foley), Thomas Foley of Stoke Edith, who was created Lord Foley in 1776, the year before he died. Blaenavon link Lord Foley probably leased the forge to Thomas Hill & Co. from Michaelmas 1776. In 1789, this firm leased coal and ironstone mines at Blaenavon in Monmouthshire, and built Blaenavon Ironworks, from which they presumably supplied pig iron to Wilden Forge. At that time, the firm comprised Thomas Hill of Stourbridge, Thomas Hopkins of Canckwood Forge near Rugeley, and Benjamin Pratt of Great Witley. Thomas Hill & Co. remained tenants until 1825, but by 1820 the works were in a distinct partnership from Blaenavon consisting of Thomas Hill and Thomas Barnet. In 1826 Henry Turner became tenant and was still in occupation in 1837, but became insane the following year. W. T. Lewty was in business there in 1840. Baldwins and after The works were acquired by E., P. & W. Baldwin, who had previously had an iron foundry at Stourport. In 1870, Alfred Baldwin bought out his relatives to become the sole proprietor of the firm, but continued to trade under the old name. In 1888 he brought his 21-year-old son Stanley Baldwin, who would later become Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, into the business. The firm was incorporated as E. P. & W. Baldwin Ltd in 1898, and gradually acquired other tinplate works, mainly in South Wales. Eventually in 1948, it amalgamated with Richard Thomas & Co., to form Richard Thomas and Baldwins Ltd. They decided to close the Wilden Works (by then a tinplate works), declaring the workforce, many of whom lived in the village of Wilden redundant. The works were acquired in 1964 by Wilden Industrial Estates Ltd, and it became an industrial estate, which it remains today. Transport links The works had the benefit of unusual transport link. There are the remains of a lock at Pratt's Wharf (miss-named Platts Wharf by the Ordnance Survey) on the Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal, connecting the canal with the river, enabling canal barges to use the River Stour to deliver goods to the works. The wharf was built by Isaac Pratt from Henwick, Worcester in 1835. He is described as businessman and merchant. It was chiefly used to carry timber to a steam saw-mill in Wilden. Later it was used to transport coal and iron to the Wilden Works. There were two houses at Pratt's Wharf, one occupied by a lock keeper and the other by a clerk. The link was closed c1950. Further reading B. L. C. Johnson, 'The Stour valley iron industry in the late seventeenth century' ''Trans. Worcs. Arch. Soc. N.S., 27 (1950), 35-46; 'The charcoal iron industry in the early eighteenth century' Geographic J. 117 (1951), 167-177; 'The Foley partnerships: The iron industry at the end of the charcoal era' Econ. Hist Rev. Ser. II, 4 (1952), 322-40. R. G. Schafer, 'Genesis and structure of the Foley ""Ironworks In Partnership"" of 1692' Business Hist. 13(1) (1971), 19-38; A selection from the records of Philip Foley's Stour valley iron works 1668-74 (Worcs. Hist. Soc., n.s., 9, 1978 and 13, 1990). H. W. Gwilliam, 'Forges, Furnaces, and mills on the river Stour' (Typescript. 2 vols. 1984: copies in Kidderminster and other Worcestershire libraries). Keith Middlemas and John Barnes, Baldwin: a biography (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London 1969). E. H. Brooke, Chronology of the tinplate industry of Great Britain with 1949 appendix (Cardiff 1944 & 1949). See also Thomas Foley (1616–1677) Philip Foley George Pearce Baldwin Alfred Baldwin Stanley Baldwin References Note The basis for this article includes unpublished sources, including certain Worcester Episcopal archives in Worcestershire Record Office; archives of Earl Baldwin (by his kind permission) also there; and those of the Foley family (also by permission) in Herefordshire Record Offices. External links Wilden Estates history page Defunct companies of the United Kingdom Industrial archaeological sites in England Ironworks and steelworks in England History of Worcestershire Companies based in Worcestershire 1511 establishments in England

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peaceful%20nuclear%20explosion

Peaceful nuclear explosion

Peaceful nuclear explosions (PNEs) are nuclear explosions conducted for non-military purposes. Proposed uses include excavation for the building of canals and harbours, electrical generation, the use of nuclear explosions to drive spacecraft, and as a form of wide-area fracking. PNEs were an area of some research from the late 1950s into the 1980s, primarily in the United States and Soviet Union. In the U.S., a series of tests were carried out under Project Plowshare. Some of the ideas considered included blasting a new Panama Canal, constructing the proposed Nicaragua Canal, the use of underground explosions to create electricity (project PACER), and a variety of mining, geological, and radionuclide studies. The largest of the excavation tests was carried out in the Sedan nuclear test in 1962, which released large amounts of radioactive gas into the air. By the late 1960s, public opposition to Plowshare was increasing, and a 1970s study of the economics of the concepts suggested they had no practical use. Plowshare saw decreasing interest from the 1960s, and was officially cancelled in 1977. The Soviet program started a few years after the U.S. efforts and explored many of the same concepts under their Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy program. The program was more extensive, eventually conducting 239 nuclear explosions. Some of these tests also released radioactivity, including a significant release of plutonium into the groundwater and the polluting of an area near the Volga River. A major part of the program in the 1970s and 80s was the use of very small bombs to produce shock waves as a seismic measuring tool, and as part of these experiments, two bombs were successfully used to seal blown-out oil wells. The program officially ended in 1988. As part of ongoing arms control efforts, both programs came to be controlled by a variety of agreements. Most notable among these is the 1976 Treaty on Underground Nuclear Explosions for Peaceful Purposes (PNE Treaty). The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty of 1996 prohibits all nuclear explosions, regardless of whether they are for peaceful purposes or not. Since that time the topic has been raised several times, often as a method of asteroid impact avoidance. Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty In the PNE Treaty, the signatories agreed: not to carry out any individual nuclear explosions having a yield exceeding 150 kilotons TNT equivalent; not to carry out any group explosion (consisting of a number of individual explosions) having an aggregate yield exceeding 1,500 kilotons; and not to carry out any group explosion having an aggregate yield exceeding 150 kilotons unless the individual explosions in the group could be identified and measured by agreed verification procedures. The parties also reaffirmed their obligations to comply fully with the Limited Test Ban Treaty of 1963. The parties reserve the right to carry out nuclear explosions for peaceful purposes in the territory of another country if requested to do so, but only in full compliance with the yield limitations and other provisions of the PNE Treaty and in accord with the Non-Proliferation Treaty. Articles IV and V of the PNE Treaty set forth the agreed verification arrangements. In addition to the use of national technical means, the treaty states that information and access to sites of explosions will be provided by each side, and includes a commitment not to interfere with verification means and procedures. The protocol to the PNE Treaty sets forth the specific agreed arrangements for ensuring that no weapon-related benefits precluded by the Threshold Test Ban Treaty are derived by carrying out a nuclear explosion used for peaceful purposes, including provisions for use of the hydrodynamic yield measurement method, seismic monitoring, and on-site inspection. The agreed statement that accompanies the treaty specifies that a "peaceful application" of an underground nuclear explosion would not include the developmental testing of any nuclear explosive. United States: Operation Plowshare Operation Plowshare was the name of the U.S. program for the development of techniques to use nuclear explosives for peaceful purposes. The name was coined in 1961, taken from Micah 4:3 ("And he shall judge among the nations, and shall rebuke many people: and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks: nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more"). Twenty-eight nuclear blasts were detonated between 1961 and 1973. One of the first U.S. proposals for peaceful nuclear explosions that came close to being carried out was Project Chariot, which would have used several hydrogen bombs to create an artificial harbor at Cape Thompson, Alaska. It was never carried out due to concerns for the native populations and the fact that there was little potential use for the harbor to justify its risk and expense. There was also talk of using nuclear explosions to excavate a second Panama Canal, as well as an alternative to the Suez Canal. The largest excavation experiment took place in 1962 at the Department of Energy's Nevada Test Site. The Sedan nuclear test carried out as part of Operation Storax displaced 12 million tons of earth, creating the largest man-made crater in the world, generating a large nuclear fallout over Nevada and Utah. Three tests were conducted in order to stimulate natural gas production, but the effort was abandoned as impractical because of cost and radioactive contamination of the gas. There were many negative impacts from Project Plowshare's 27 nuclear explosions. For example, the Project Gasbuggy site, located east of Farmington, New Mexico, still contains nuclear contamination from a single subsurface blast in 1967. Other consequences included blighted land, relocated communities, tritium-contaminated water, radioactivity, and fallout from debris being hurled high into the atmosphere. These were ignored and downplayed until the program was terminated in 1977, due in large part to public opposition, after $770 million had been spent on the project. Soviet Union: Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy The Soviet Union conducted a much more vigorous program of 239 nuclear tests, some with multiple devices, between 1965 and 1988 under the auspices of Program No. 6—Employment of Nuclear Explosive Technologies in the Interests of National Economy and Program No. 7—Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy. The initial program was patterned on the U.S. version, with the same basic concepts being studied. One test, Chagan test in January 1965, has been described as a "near clone" of the U.S. Sedan shot. Like Sedan, Chagan also resulted in a massive plume of radioactive material being blown high into the atmosphere, with an estimated 20% of the fission products with it. Detection of the plume over Japan led to accusations by the U.S. that the Soviets had carried out an above-ground test in violation of the Partial Test Ban Treaty, but these charges were later dropped. The later, and more extensive, "Deep Seismic Sounding" Program focused on the use of much smaller explosions for various geological uses. Some of these tests are considered to be operational, not purely experimental. These included the use of peaceful nuclear explosions to create deep seismic profiles. Compared to the usage of conventional explosives or mechanical methods, nuclear explosions allow the collection of longer seismic profiles (up to several thousand kilometres). Alexey Yablokov has stated that all PNE technologies have non-nuclear alternatives and that many PNEs actually caused nuclear disasters. Reports on the successful Soviet use of nuclear explosions in extinguishing out-of-control gas well fires were widely cited in United States policy discussions of options for stopping the 2010 Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Other nations Germany at one time considered manufacturing nuclear explosives for civil engineering purposes. In the early 1970s a feasibility study was conducted for a project to build a canal from the Mediterranean Sea to the Qattara Depression in the Western Desert of Egypt using nuclear demolition. This project proposed to use 213 devices, with yields of 1 to 1.5 megatons, detonated at depths of to build this canal for the purpose of producing hydroelectric power. The Smiling Buddha, India's first explosive nuclear device, was described by the Indian Government as a peaceful nuclear explosion. In Australia, nuclear blasting was proposed as a way of mining iron ore in the Pilbara. Civil engineering and energy production Apart from their use as weapons, nuclear explosives have been tested and used, in a similar manner to chemical high explosives, for various non-military uses. These have included large-scale earth moving, isotope production and the stimulation and closing-off of the flow of natural gas. At the peak of the Atomic Age, the United States initiated Operation Plowshare, involving "peaceful nuclear explosions". The United States Atomic Energy Commission chairman announced that the Plowshare project was intended to "highlight the peaceful applications of nuclear explosive devices and thereby create a climate of world opinion that is more favorable to weapons development and tests". The Operation Plowshare program included 27 nuclear tests designed towards investigating these non-weapon uses from 1961 through 1973. Due to the inability of the U.S. physicists to reduce the fission fraction of low-yield (approximately 1 kiloton) nuclear devices that would have been required for many civil engineering projects, when long-term health and clean-up costs from fission products were included in the cost, there was virtually no economic advantage over conventional explosives except for potentially the very largest projects. The Qattara Depression Project was developed by Professor Friedrich Bassler during his appointment to the West German ministry of economics in 1968. He put forth a plan to create a Saharan lake and hydroelectric power station by blasting a tunnel between the Mediterranean Sea and the Qattara Depression in Egypt, an area that lies below sea level. The core problem of the entire project was the water supply to the depression. Calculations by Bassler showed that digging a canal or tunnel would be too expensive, therefore Bassler determined that the use of nuclear explosive devices, to excavate the canal or tunnel, would be the most economical. The Egyptian government declined to pursue the idea. The Soviet Union conducted a much more exhaustive program than Plowshare, with 239 nuclear tests between 1965 and 1988. Furthermore, many of the "tests" were considered economic applications, not tests, in the Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy program. These included a 30 kilotons explosion being used to close the Uzbekistani Urtabulak gas well in 1966 that had been blowing since 1963, and a few months later a 47 kilotons explosive was used to seal a higher-pressure blowout at the nearby Pamuk gas field. (For more details, see Blowout (well drilling)#Use of nuclear explosions.) Devices that produced the highest proportion of their yield via fusion-only reactions are possibly the Taiga Soviet peaceful nuclear explosions of the 1970s. Their public records indicate 98% of their 15 kiloton explosive yield was derived from fusion reactions, so only 0.3 kiloton was derived from fission. The repeated detonation of nuclear devices underground in salt domes, in a somewhat analogous manner to the explosions that power a car’s internal combustion engine (in that it would be a heat engine), has also been proposed as a means of fusion power in what is termed PACER. Other investigated uses for low-yield peaceful nuclear explosions were underground detonations to stimulate, by a process analogous to fracking, the flow of petroleum and natural gas in tight formations; this was developed most in the Soviet Union, with an increase in the production of many well heads being reported. Terraforming In 2015, billionaire entrepreneur Elon Musk popularized an approach in which the cold planet Mars could be terraformed by the detonation of high-fusion-yielding thermonuclear devices over the mostly dry-ice icecaps on the planet. Musk's specific plan would not be very feasible within the energy limitations of historically manufactured nuclear devices (ranging in kilotons of TNT-equivalent), therefore requiring major advancement for it to be considered. In part due to these problems, the physicist Michio Kaku (who initially put forward the concept) instead suggests using nuclear reactors in the typical land-based district heating manner to make isolated tropical biomes on the Martian surface. Alternatively, as nuclear detonations are presently somewhat limited in terms of demonstrated achievable yield, the use of an off-the-shelf nuclear explosive device could be employed to "nudge" a Martian-grazing comet toward a pole of the planet. Impact would be a much more efficient scheme to deliver the required energy, water vapor, greenhouse gases, and other biologically significant volatiles that could begin to quickly terraform Mars. One such opportunity for this occurred in October 2014 when a "once-in-a-million-years" comet (designated as C/2013 A1, also known as comet "Siding Spring") came within of the Martian atmosphere. Physics The discovery and synthesis of new chemical elements by nuclear transmutation, and their production in the necessary quantities to allow study of their properties, was carried out in nuclear explosive device testing. For example, the discovery of the short-lived einsteinium and fermium, both created under the intense neutron flux environment within thermonuclear explosions, followed the first Teller–Ulam thermonuclear device test—Ivy Mike. The rapid capture of so many neutrons required in the synthesis of einsteinium would provide the needed direct experimental confirmation of the so-called r-process, the multiple neutron absorptions needed to explain the cosmic nucleosynthesis (production) of all chemical elements heavier than nickel on the periodic table in supernova explosions, before beta decay, with the r-process explaining the existence of many stable elements in the universe. The worldwide presence of new isotopes from atmospheric testing beginning in the 1950s led to the 2008 development of a reliable way to detect art forgeries. Paintings created after that period may contain traces of caesium-137 and strontium-90, isotopes that did not exist in nature before 1945. (Fission products were produced in the natural nuclear fission reactor at Oklo about 1.7 billion years ago, but these decayed away before the earliest known human painting.) Both climatology and particularly aerosol science, a subfield of atmospheric science, were largely created to answer the question of how far and wide fallout would travel. Similar to radioactive tracers used in hydrology and materials testing, fallout and the neutron activation of nitrogen gas served as a radioactive tracer that was used to measure and then help model global circulations in the atmosphere by following the movements of fallout aerosols. After the Van Allen Belts surrounding Earth were discovered about in 1958, James Van Allen suggested that a nuclear detonation would be one way of probing the magnetic phenomenon, data obtained from the August 1958 Project Argus test shots, a high-altitude nuclear explosion investigation, were vital to the early understanding of Earth's magnetosphere. Soviet nuclear physicist and Nobel peace prize recipient Andrei Sakharov also proposed the idea that earthquakes could be mitigated and particle accelerators could be made by utilizing nuclear explosions, with the latter created by connecting a nuclear explosive device with another of his inventions, the explosively pumped flux compression generator, to accelerate protons to collide with each other to probe their inner workings, an endeavor that is now done at much lower energy levels with non-explosive superconducting magnets in CERN. Sakharov suggested to replace the copper coil in his MK generators by a big superconductor solenoid to magnetically compress and focus underground nuclear explosions into a shaped charge effect. He theorized this could focus 1023 positively charged protons per second on a 1 mm2 surface, then envisaged making two such beams collide in the form of a supercollider. Underground nuclear explosive data from peaceful nuclear explosion test shots have been used to investigate the composition of Earth's mantle, analogous to the exploration geophysics practice of mineral prospecting with chemical explosives in "deep seismic sounding" reflection seismology. Project A119, proposed in the 1960s, which as Apollo scientist Gary Latham explained, would have been the detonating of a "smallish" nuclear device on the Moon in order to facilitate research into its geologic make-up. Analogous in concept to the comparatively low yield explosion created by the water prospecting (LCROSS) Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite mission, which launched in 2009 and released the "Centaur" kinetic energy impactor, an impactor with a mass of 2,305 kg (5,081 lb), and an impact velocity of about , releasing the kinetic energy equivalent of detonating approximately 2 tons of TNT (8.86 GJ). Propulsion use The first preliminary examination of the effects of nuclear detonations upon various metal and non-metal materials, occurred in 1955 with Operation Teapot, were a chain of approximately basketball sized spheres of material, were arrayed at fixed aerial distances, descending from the shot tower. In what was then a surprising experimental observation, all but the spheres directly within the shot tower survived, with the greatest ablation noted on the aluminum sphere located from the detonation point, with slightly over of surface material absent upon recovery. These spheres are often referred to as "Lew Allen's balls", after the project manager during the experiments. The ablation data collected for various materials and the distances the spheres were propelled, serve as the bedrock for the nuclear pulse propulsion study, Project Orion. The direct use of nuclear explosives, by using the impact of ablated propellant plasma from a nuclear shaped charge acting on the rear pusher plate of a ship, was and continues to be seriously studied as a potential propulsion mechanism. Although likely never achieving orbit due to aerodynamic drag, the first macroscopic object to obtain Earth orbital velocity was a "900kg manhole cover" propelled by the somewhat focused detonation of test shot Pascal-B in August 1957. The use of a subterranean shaft and nuclear device to propel an object to escape velocity has since been termed a "thunder well". In the 1970s Edward Teller, in the United States, popularized the concept of using a nuclear detonation to power an explosively pumped soft X-ray laser as a component of a ballistic missile defense shield known as Project Excalibur. This created dozens of highly focused X-ray beams that would cause the missile to break up due to laser ablation. Laser ablation is one of the damage mechanisms of a laser weapon, but it is also one of the researched methods behind pulsed laser propulsion intended for spacecraft, though usually powered by means of conventionally pumped, laser arrays. For example, ground flight testing by Professor Leik Myrabo, using a non-nuclear, conventionally powered pulsed laser test-bed, successfully lifted a lightcraft 72 meters in altitude by a method similar to ablative laser propulsion in 2000. A powerful solar system based soft X-ray, to ultraviolet, laser system has been calculated to be capable of propelling an interstellar spacecraft, by the light sail principle, to 11% of the speed of light. In 1972 it was also calculated that a 1 Terawatt, 1-km diameter X-ray laser with 1 angstrom wavelength impinging on a 1-km diameter sail, could propel a spacecraft to Alpha Centauri in 10 years. Asteroid impact avoidance A proposed means of averting an asteroid impacting with Earth, assuming short lead times between detection and Earth impact, is to detonate one, or a series, of nuclear explosive devices, on, in, or in a stand-off proximity orientation with the asteroid, with the latter method occurring far enough away from the incoming threat to prevent the potential fracturing of the near-Earth object, but still close enough to generate a high thrust laser ablation effect. A 2007 NASA analysis of impact avoidance strategies using various technologies stated: Nuclear stand-off explosions are assessed to be 10–100 times more effective than the non-nuclear alternatives analyzed in this study. Other techniques involving the surface or subsurface use of nuclear explosives may be more efficient, but they run an increased risk of fracturing the target near-Earth object. They also carry higher development and operations risks. See also Operation Plowshare Operation Chariot Project Gnome Project Orion Nuclear terrorism Books IAEA review of the 1968 book: The constructive uses of nuclear explosions by Edward Teller. "The Containment of Underground Nuclear Explosions", Project Director Gregory E van der Vink, U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, OTA-ISC-414, (Oct 1989). References External links . . . . . On the Soviet nuclear program. . . . . . includes tests of peaceful nuclear explosions. Nuclear technology Nuclear weapons testing ru:Мирные ядерные взрывы в СССР

30873866

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20Getulio%20Vargas

Fundação Getulio Vargas

Fundação Getulio Vargas (Getulio Vargas Foundation, often abbreviated as FGV) is a Brazilian higher education institution and think tank founded on December 20, 1944, with the mission to "stimulate Brazil’s socioeconomic development". Its initial objective was to prepare qualified people to work in public and private administration in Brazil. FGV is considered by the Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program of the University of Pennsylvania as top think tank in Latin America and best managed worldwide, it ranks seventh best think tank in the world. FGV offers undergraduate, MBA, as well as Master's & PhD programs in economics, business administration, public administration, law, social sciences, applied mathematics and international relations. The foundation counts over 90 research centers and produces a large volume of academic research. The subjects cover macro and micro-economics, finance, business, decision-making, law, health, welfare, poverty and unemployment, pollution, and sustainable development. FGV also maintains research programs in the fields of history, social sciences, education, justice, citizenship, and politics. FGV executes projects at the request of the public sector as well, private enterprise and international agencies such as the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). Examples include assistance for the successful Rio de Janeiro bids for the 2007 Pan American Games and the 2016 Summer Olympics. FGV's main office is based in Rio de Janeiro, and is also present in São Paulo and Brasília. In addition, it offers educational programs in over 100 cities in Brazil, through a network of affiliate partner institutions, with Executive Education and MBA programs in several areas of knowledge. FGV Schools FGV operates in many areas of knowledge, such as education, research, technical consulting, editing and publishing. Schools of Administration Brazilian School of Public and Business Administration (FGV EBAPE) São Paulo School of Business Administration (FGV EAESP) School of Public Policy and Government (FGV EPPG) Schools of Law São Paulo Law School (FGV Direito SP) Rio de Janeiro Law School (FGV Direito Rio) Schools of Economics São Paulo School of Economics (FGV EESP) Brazilian School of Economics and Finance (FGV EPGE) Schools of Social Sciences School of Social Sciences (FGV CPDOC) School of International Relations (FGV RI) School of Applied Mathematics School of Applied Mathematics (FGV EMAp) Institute for Educational Development Executive Education FGV Online FGV In Company Services, Indexes and Publications FGV Press FGV Projetos Brazilian Institute of Economics Centers and Divisions Business Cooperation Committee Chamber FGV of Mediation & Arbitration Center for the Development of Mathematics and Science Center for Global Economics Center for Regulation and Infrastructure Studies Department of Public Policy Analysis FGV Energy - Center for Energy Studies FGV Social - Center for Social Policy Growth & Development - Center for Growth and Economic Development Studies International Affairs Division International Intelligence Unit General Administration Applied Research and Knowledge Network Communications and Marketing Division Controllership Superintendent's Office Division of Operations FGV Library System Human Resources Division Internal Control Division Provost Office Treasury Accreditation The São Paulo School of Business Administration is the only Brazilian school to receive Triple accreditation from all three major international accreditation institutions (and one of only 82 schools worldwide): AACSB AMBA EQUIS (EFMD) International Partnerships FGV has over 200 academic cooperation agreements with renowned institutions all over the world, which include research, joint projects and exchange of students and professors. See also Brazil University Rankings Universities and Higher Education in Brazil References External links Fundação Getúlio Vargas' main website FGV Annual Report FGV Research FGV Periodicals Institute for Educational Development FGV Executive Education FGV In Company FGV Online Schools in Rio de Janeiro CPDOC - School of Social Sciences Direito Rio - Rio de Janeiro Law School EBAPE - Brazilian School of Public and Business Administration EMAp - School of Applied Mathematics EPGE - EPGE Brazilian School of Economics and Finance Schools in São Paulo Direito SP - Sao Paulo Law School EAESP - Sao Paulo School of Business Administration EESP - Sao Paulo School of Economics RI - School of International Relations Services, Indexes and Publications FGV Press FGV Projetos Brazilian Institute of Economics Centers and Divisions DAPP - Department of Public Policy Analysis FGV Energy - Center for Energy Studies FGV Social - Center for Social Policy Growth & Development - Center for Growth and Economic Development Studies DINT - International Affairs Division IIU - International Intelligence Unit General Administration FGV Library System (SB) 1944 establishments in Brazil Educational institutions established in 1944 Private universities and colleges in Brazil Universities and colleges in São Paulo

7883662

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaftesbury%20Films

Shaftesbury Films

Shaftesbury Films is a film, television and digital media production company founded by Christina Jennings in 1987. It is based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Background Shaftesbury is a creator and producer of original content for television and digital platforms. Shaftesbury's slate includes 11 seasons of Murdoch Mysteries for CBC, UKTV, and ITV STUDIOS Global Entertainment; detective drama Frankie Drake for CBC; Houdini & Doyle for Sony Pictures Television, Corus Entertainment, ITV, and Fox; thriller series Slasher for NBCUniversal's Chiller and now available on Netflix; and CBC Kids series The Moblees. Shaftesbury's digital arm, Smokebomb Entertainment, produces original digital, convergent, and branded entertainment projects including the YouTube series and upcoming movie Carmilla; mystery series V Morgan Is Dead; fashion comedy series MsLabelled, produced in partnership with Shaw Media and Tetley Tea; supernatural drama Inhuman Condition; and the Slasher VR app for iOS, Android, and Oculus Rift. In June 2014, Shaftesbury partnered with Youth Culture to launch shift2, a branded entertainment agency. In 2013, the company signed a first look deal with ABC. Recent productions Recent productions include Bloodletting & Miraculous Cures for HBO Canada, based on the Giller-prize winning book by Dr. Vincent Lam; five seasons of The Listener for CTV and Fox International Channels; and now in season ten of Murdoch Mysteries for Citytv/CBC and UKTV's Alibi. Shaftesbury also produced a variety of award-winning programming, including the global hit series Life with Derek and the movie follow-up to the series, Vacation with Derek. Shaftesbury's newest series, Good Dog, is a half-hour comedy created, written and directed by Ken Finkleman that premiered on HBO Canada in 2011. Divisions Shaftesbury's divisions include Smokebomb Entertainment, the company's digital media division responsible for the development and production of original online series and companion web experiences for Shaftesbury's slate of properties; Shaftesbury Kids, their division responsible for several children's TV shows and movies; and Shaftesbury Sales Company, which manages international sales and distribution for the company's content. Television The company's television series projects have included: 11 Cameras Aaron Stone The Atwood Stories Backpackers Baxter Bloodletting & Miraculous Cures Connor Undercover Dark Oracle Dead Still Fool Canada Frankie Drake Mysteries From Spain with Love with Annie Sibonney Good Dog Good God Houdini & Doyle The Jane Show Hudson & Rex Life with Derek The Listener Mischief City The Moblees Murdoch Mysteries Overruled! ReGenesis Screech Owls The Shields Stories Slasher The Sounds Splashlings Film Television films produced by Shaftesbury have included: External Affairs, an adaptation of Timothy Findley's play The Stillborn Lover Diverted In the Dark Michael Ignatieff's novel Scar Tissue Hemingway vs. Callaghan, an adaptation of Morley Callaghan's That Summer in Paris Except the Dying, Poor Tom Is Cold and Under the Dragon's Tail, the first three novels in Maureen Jennings' Murdoch Mysteries franchise which was later adapted by the company into a weekly series Torso: The Evelyn Dick Story, a dramatization of the murder trial of Evelyn Dick Terry, a biopic of Terry Fox six Joanne Kilbourn mysteries, based on the novels by Gail Bowen Eight Days To Live In God's Country Mount Pleasant The Good Times Are Killing Me Skyrunners Me and Luke The Summit Sleep Murder She Drives Me Crazy The Robber Bride Lay Them Straight Cinema films have included: Swann, based on the novel by Carol Shields, Conquest Painted Angels Camilla Long Life, Happiness & Prosperity People Hold On Digital films, produced by digital arm Smokebomb Entertainment, include: Darken Digital The company's digital series projects, produced by digital arm Smokebomb Entertainment, have included: Backpackers Carmilla Emerald Code Houdini & Doyle: World of Wonders Inhuman Condition MsLabelled Murdoch Mysteries: The Curse of the Lost Pharaohs Murdoch Mysteries: The Murdoch Effect Murdoch Mysteries: Nightmare on Queen Street State of Syn Unlikely Heroes The company's digital arm also oversees KindaTV, the company's distribution channel through YouTube hosted by Natasha Negovanlis. References External links Shaftesbury Films Shaftesbury Films About Us Shaftesbury Films at imdb Shaftesbury Films Inc. archives at the University of Toronto Media Commons Companies based in Toronto Mass media companies established in 1987 Film production companies of Canada Television production companies of Canada

20895054

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harlingen%20railway%20station

Harlingen railway station

Harlingen is a railway station located in Harlingen, Netherlands. The station was opened on 27 October 1863 and is located on the Harlingen–Nieuweschans railway. Train services are operated by Arriva. 600m west of this station is Harlingen Haven, the terminus of the line. From 1904 to 1935, Harlingen was the terminus of the Stiens-Harlingen railway line. From Harlingen Haven there are ferry connections to Terschelling and Vlieland. Train services Bus services Gallery See also List of railway stations in Friesland References External links NS website Dutch Public Transport journey planner Railway stations in Friesland Railway stations opened in 1863 Railway stations on the Staatslijn B Harlingen, Netherlands

54078385

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messy%20Love

Messy Love

Messy Love may refer to: "Messy Love", a song by Mura Masa from the 2017 album Mura Masa "Messy Love", a song by Nao from the 2021 album And Then Life Was Beautiful

11689197

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Martin

Joseph Martin

Joseph Martin may refer to: Military Joseph Martin (general) (1740–1808), American Revolutionary War general from Virginia Joseph Plumb Martin (1760–1850), American soldier and memoir writer Joseph M. Martin (born 1962), U.S. Army officer Politicians Joseph Martin (MP for Ipswich) (1649–1729), English MP for Ipswich in 1701 Joseph Martin (1726–1776), British banker and politician Joseph John Martin (1833–1900), U.S. Congressman from North Carolina Joseph Martin (Australian politician) (1898–1940), member of the New South Wales Legislative Council Joseph Martin (Canadian politician) (1852–1923), lawyer and politician known as "Fighting Joe" Joseph R. Martin (1926–2008), Canadian politician in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick Joseph W. Martin Jr. (1884–1968), Speaker of the U.S. House Joseph Martin (Wisconsin politician) (1878–1946), Wisconsin State Assemblyman Joseph A. Martin (1888–1928), mayor of Detroit, Michigan in 1924 J. C. Martin (Texas politician) (Joseph Claude Martin, Jr., 1913–1998), mayor of Laredo, Texas Joseph C. Martin, mayor of Erie, Pennsylvania Religion Joseph-Marie Martin (1891–1976), French prelate of the Roman Catholic Church Joseph Martin (bishop) (1903–1982), Bishop of Ngozi and Bururi in Burundi Joseph Martin (speaker) (1924–2009), Roman Catholic priest, speaker on the issues of alcoholism and drug addiction Others Joseph Martin (gardener) (fl. 1788–1826), Enlightenment gardener-botanist and plant collector Joseph Martin (reporter) (1915–1981), journalist and Pulitzer Prize-winner Lock Martin (1916–1959), 7-foot-plus US actor Joseph B. Martin (born 1938), professor of neurobiology Joseph Martin (arts administrator), National Gallery of Canada director J. C. Martin (Joseph Clifton Martin, born 1936), Major League Baseball player See also Joe Martin (disambiguation) Joey Martin (disambiguation) Martyn Joseph (born 1960), Welsh singer-songwriter

25109142

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1955%E2%80%9356%20Mexican%20Primera%20Divisi%C3%B3n%20season

1955–56 Mexican Primera División season

Statistics of the Primera División de México for the 1955–56 season. Overview Atlas (Segunda División 1954-55 Champion), Zamora and Cuautla (second and third place in a promotional tournament in Segunda División) were promoted to Primera División, to increase the number of teams to 14 clubs. The season was contested by 14 teams, and León won the championship. Zamora was relegated to Segunda División. Teams League standings Results Championship Playoff References Mexico - List of final tables (RSSSF) 1955-56 Mex 1955–56 in Mexican football

29335941

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bud%2C%20Sweat%20and%20Beers

Bud, Sweat and Beers

Bud, Sweat and Beers is the debut studio album released by English rapper Devlin, via Island Records and the Universal Music Group. The album was released on 29 October 2010 via digital download, and 1 November 2010, physically. The album was produced by Labrinth, Kraze, Lewi White, Futurecut and Naughty Boy. Featured guests on the album include Awa Manneh, Hikaru Utada, Labrinth, Emeli Sandé, Yasmin, Dogzilla and Ghetts. The album received high praise in critical reviews, and was awarded Hottest Album of the Week by Zane Lowe. Singles "Shot Music" was released as a promotional single on 9 April 2010. The track features vocals from fellow rapper Giggs. The track did not make the final album cut, but did feature on the album's original sampler, issued to radio stations and critics in September 2010. A music video was recorded. "London City" was released as a promotional single on 3 June 2010. The track, which features a sample from Hikaru Utada's song "Passion (After the Battle)", peaked at #181 on the UK Singles Chart, and a music video for the track was filmed and released to music channels. "Brainwashed" was released on 8 August 2010 as the first official single from the album. The track features vocals from British singer-songwriter Awa Manneh. The single went on to debut at #31 on the UK Singles Chart, after being included on the BBC Radio 1 B-list playlist. "Runaway" was released on 24 October 2010 as the second official single from the album. The track features vocals from upcoming British singer-songwriter and DJ Yasmin. The single went on to debut at #16 on the UK Singles Chart, after being included on the BBC Radio 1 A-list playlist. "Let It Go" was released on 24 January 2011 as the third and final official single from the album. The track features vocals from British-producer Labrinth. The single went on to debut at #59 on the UK Singles Chart, after being included on the BBC Radio 1 A-list playlist. Track listing Charts Release history References 2010 debut albums Devlin (rapper) albums Island Records albums Albums produced by Naughty Boy Albums produced by Labrinth

49120123

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemgare%20Mass%20Rock

Lemgare Mass Rock

Lemgare Mass Rock is one of several Mass rocks in the parish of Clontibret, County Monaghan. It is situated adjacent to the neighboring townlands of Lisdrumgormley and Crossbane which is in County Armagh (Archdiocese of Armagh). A Mass rock (Carraig an Aifrinn in Irish) was a rock used as an altar in mid-17th century Ireland as a location for Roman Catholic Mass. From a statute (No. 15) of the Synod of Clones, held by Oliver Plunkett in 23 August 1670, we can see how a local Mass-site could have been selected in those times. It was decreed at the time that a place be appointed that was convenient to the parish priest and the parishioners. Records 1731 report The "Report on the State of Popery of 1731" identifies "Atlars ut supra" in the parish of Clontibret. "Ut supra" is Latin for "as stated above", and the entry reads "one Altar made of earth & stones uncovered". The entry also relates to multiple altars, these possibly being those located at Lemgare and Tassan. This means that knowledge of the Mass rocks in the townlands of both Lemgare and Tassan potentially dates back to at least 1731. 1957 survey Lemgare Mass Rock was, along with Tassan Mass Rock, Doohamlet Mass Rock, Lisglasson Mass Gardens and Dunfelimy Mass Hut, recorded in a survey of Mass rocks in Clontibret carried out by Rev P O'Gallachair in 1957 on behalf of the Diocese of Clogher. O'Gallachair mentions the "Mass Rock" in Dunfelimy being "on the site of old church of Annyalla". In making this reference he is picking up a point by over thirty years earlier by Fr James E McKenna in his ‘Parishes of Clogher’, Vol. I (Enniskillen, 1920, p. 527). The opinion is that there may be a mix up between a Mass Rock in Dunfelimy and perhaps a structure (usually a hut) which predated the old chapel at Annyalla which was built in the late 1790s. 21st century Lemgare Mass Rock is listed, as entry "MO015-008----", in the Record of Monuments and Places of the National Monuments Service. A related report was compiled by Michael Moore (National Monuments Service) and uploaded onto the archaeological survey database on 25 January 2016. Location Lemgare Mass Rock would have been a good location for the people from the surrounding parishes to attend mass. Because of the site's elevation (including from the "Carnan", which is a lookout point above the rock from which four counties are visible) it would have near on impossible for any approaching army to surprise the parishioners whilst they prayed. References History of Catholicism in Ireland Mass rocks Religious buildings and structures in County Monaghan

68557392

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full%20Commitment

Full Commitment

"Full Commitment" is the eleventh episode of the second season of the American Western crime drama television series Justified. It is the 24th overall episode of the series and was written by story editor Benjamin Cavell and directed by Peter Werner. It originally aired on FX on April 20, 2011. The series is based on Elmore Leonard's stories about the character Raylan Givens, particularly "Fire in the Hole", which serves as the basis for the episode. The series follows Raylan Givens, a tough deputy U.S. Marshal enforcing his own brand of justice. Following the shooting of a mob hitman, Raylan is sent to Lexington, Kentucky to investigate an old childhood friend Boyd Crowder, who is now part of a white supremacist gang. In the episode, Raylan intends to find the hitmen that went after him and Winona on the previous episode, which could impact Gary's life. Meanwhile, Boyd starts his new criminal gang and decides to go after Dickie. According to Nielsen Media Research, the episode was seen by an estimated 2.50 million household viewers and gained a 0.9/2 ratings share among adults aged 18–49. The episode received very positive reviews from critics, who praised the writing, acting and "shocking" ending. Plot In the aftermath of the shooting, Gary (William Ragsdale) arrives at the Marshal's office, yelling at Raylan (Timothy Olyphant) for putting Winona (Natalie Zea) in danger. Mullen (Nick Searcy) stops the argument and has Rachel (Erica Tazel) escort Winona and Gary to their house while he assigns Tim (Jacob Pitts) to watch over Raylan, telling Raylan not to investigate the hitmen. Dickie (Jeremy Davies) starts training men to use weapons, although they are still lacking experience. Meanwhile, Boyd (Walton Goggins) and Johnny (David Meunier) approach Arlo (Raymond J. Barry) about starting a partnership through the land's routes, which interests Arlo. Boyd and the gang (with all but Boyd using ski masks) then steal Dickie's marijuana, impacting his business and causing two of Dickie's henchmen to quit. An enraged Dickie then kills the men, only letting Jed (Richard Speight Jr.) alive as he is forced to be part of Dickie's gang. Dickie deduces that Arlo was one of the robbers due to his limp. Raylan manages to con Tim into losing track of him and visits Mags (Margo Martindale) at her grocery store. Mags explains that despite knowing Raylan killed Coover, she didn't send the hitmen as she intends to keep peace with Helen (Linda Gehringer). Tim catches up to Raylan and then they are surrounded by Doyle (Joseph Lyle Taylor) and his cops, leading to a tense conversation before they are allowed to go. They go to Winona's and Gary's house where Rachel and Tim intend to stay due to Mullen's orders. Raylan notices a man watching from a car and confronts him; the mean reveals that he works for a construction company named Baxter-Hawley. After checking the company's records with Dan Grant's (Matt Craven) help, Raylan confronts Gary as he called the hit on them. He then forces Gary to talk to Wynn Duffy (Jere Burns) and they agree to meet at a location. Raylan accompanies Gary to meet with Duffy, who confesses to his involvement. Raylan tells Gary that he should flee Harlan after all these events and pardons Duffy's actions, but warns him he will kill him if he tries anything again. That night, Helen awakes in the middle of the night due to noises in the house. She goes to the kitchen and finds Dickie and his gang breaking in, demanding that Arlo returns everything he stole. Helen loads her shotgun but Dickie is faster and shoots her multiple times, killing her. Reception Viewers In its original American broadcast, "Full Commitment" was seen by an estimated 2.50 million household viewers and gained a 0.9/2 ratings share among adults aged 18–49, according to Nielsen Media Research. This means that 0.9 percent of all households with televisions watched the episode, while 2 percent of all households watching television at that time watched it. This was steady in viewership from the previous episode, which was watched by 2.50 million viewers with a 0.9/2 in the 18-49 demographics. Critical reviews "Full Commitment" received very positive reviews from critics. Scott Tobias of The A.V. Club gave the episode an "A−" grade and wrote, "If you're looking for a key scene in 'Full Commitment,' a tense yet subtler-than-usual episode of Justified, it's in the little exchange between Helen and Ava as their men are negotiating on the front porch." Alan Sepinwall of HitFix wrote, "And regardless of what went down in the kitchen of Raylan's childhood home, I imagine things are going to get much worse before they get better for Boyd, Arlo, Dickie and – much as he's going to hate being dragged back into all of this, particularly at such a perilous professional time – Raylan." Todd VanDerWerff of Los Angeles Times wrote, "I was worried a few weeks ago about how Justified would head into its final episodes after closing off so much of its story line back in the ninth episode. But 'Full Commitment' shows in the best way possible that this season hasn't just been about Raylan versus the Bennetts or Raylan versus Boyd or anything like that." Dan Forcella of TV Fanatic gave the episode a 4.5 star rating out of 5 and wrote, "The first season of Justified was really about how terrific Timothy Olyphant was as Deputy Marshal Raylan Givens. Conversely, this second season really has been about how great everyone around Olyphant has been. Whether it was Margo Martindale's Mags, Walton Goggins' Boyd, or even Nick Searcy's Art in that one episode, the supporting cast has been fantastic this year. In 'Full Commitment' it was Jeremy Davies turn to shine, as his Dickie Bennett truly did fully commit to his goal of being in charge in Harlan County, and Davies himself fully committed to the role of an absolute sociopath." References External links Justified (TV series) episodes 2011 American television episodes

28448900

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazaginac

Kazaginac

Kazaginac is a village in the municipality of Tomislavgrad in Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The village is also part of the smaller Buško Blato micro-region, consisting of those villages and settlements surrounding the lake known as Buško jezero. According to the 2013 census, there were 277 inhabitants. Etymology The roots of the name Kazaginac are thought to be Turkish in origin. The Turkish word kaza means "district" while the Turkish agha refers to "master". Kazaginac thus refers to the property owned by the kazaga, a reference to Ottoman times where the landholding class was usually members of the ruling Muslim population. History The road passing through Kazaginac is an ancient route dating back to Roman times. It was a part of a major road system connected to the magistral road between Salona and Hedum castellum - Argentaria, built by the governor of Dalmatia Publius Cornelius Dolabella in 18/19 AD. At the Glavina locality, there are remnants of an unknown building. At the same locality, five milestones from the 3rd century were found as well as Roman coins. Above the Šarića Kuće locality, there are also stone remnants. Near the Catholic cemetery, there's an archeological locality called Crkvine. In literature, Kazaginac is mentioned very late in history. The name was first mentioned in 1844 when there were 83 people living in 7 houses. By 1867, the population rose to 129 people. During the socialist Yugoslavia, until 1953, the administrative territory of Kazaginac encompassed a much wider area of surrounding settlements, not only Kazaginac, and numbered 5,020 people. Of those, 5,308 were Croats, 11 Serbs and 4 others or unidentified. According to the 2013 census, there were 73 households and 319 people registered living in 72 dwellings. Historically, this village has traditionally been populated by ethnic Croats of the Catholic faith. Geography The village is located at the south band of Buško Blato, an artificial lake created after the construction of the dam in Kazaginac. The village is located at 716 meters above sea level. It is known for the Marinovac beach, located at the Buško Blato lake. Demographics According to the 2013 census, its population was 277. Footnotes References Books Journals News articles Populated places in Tomislavgrad

65236990

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirit%20Soldier%20rebellions%20%281920%E2%80%931926%29

Spirit Soldier rebellions (1920–1926)

The Spirit Soldier rebellions of 1920–1926 were a series of major peasant uprisings against state authorities and warlords in the Republic of China's provinces of Hubei and Sichuan during the Warlord Era. Following years of brutal suppression, civil war, and excessive taxation, the rural population of central China was restive, and susceptible to militant salvationist movements. One spiritual group, the so-called Spirit Soldiers, promised the peasants that they could gain protection from modern weaponry through protective magic. Tens of thousands consequently rallied to join the Spirit Soldiers, and successfully revolted in the mountainous and isolated areas of Hubei and Sichuan. At its height, the Spirit Soldier movement numbered over 100,000 fighters, and controlled about forty counties. The Spirit Soldiers had early military victories, but, relative to their opponents, lacked organization, a cohesive ideology and modern weaponry. As result, they could not prevail in the face of concentrated counter-offensives by the Chinese warlord armies. The Spirit Soldiers’ main armies were defeated and dispersed in 1926. Despite this, the movement remained active and continued to spread into neighboring provinces. Several Spirit Soldier factions consequently allied themselves with the Chinese Communist Party, providing crucial support to the latter's nascent insurgency in central China. Background Warlordism and peasant rebellions in China Having suffered from internal instability for decades, China fully disintegrated upon the death of Yuan Shikai in 1916. In the following Warlord Era, military strongmen used private armies to carve out their own territories while fighting each other in order to achieve supremacy. In the process, the warlords caused great suffering for China's civilian population. They brutally suppressed opposition, raised high taxes, and in many cases allowed their armies to plunder, rape, and enslave civilians. This, combined with the constant wars between the warlords, led to destitution, hunger, and the rise of banditry in many areas. Some regions suffered more than others from the warlords' rule. Less developed, and more remote parts of China, such as the country's south, centre and west were most adversely affected. They were often rather poor and isolated to begin with, and crises were less likely to be alleviated by outside help. Furthermore, warlord armies of these regions were less well equipped, fed and disciplined than their equivalents in the more wealthy north and coastal regions of China. The warlord soldiers of southern China consequently treated civilians especially badly, regularly exploiting and abusing them. As result, peasants in rural China generally perceived outsiders like soldiers, tax collectors, and other state agents as "foreign" or "parasite" in nature, and were deeply hostile toward them. In an attempt to evict these groups from their lands, or at least in order to resist the collection of rents and taxes, peasants launched a great number of uprisings, riots, and protests during the Warlord Era. Varying greatly in their intensity and importance, such disturbances often erupted spontaneously and were frequent during years of poor harvests. In several cases, the peasants joined or organized militant secret societies that acted as self defense and vigilante groups. In most cases, however, the peasants were unable to form cohesive movements and their resistance was easily crushed by the warlords. Situation in western Hubei and eastern Sichuan After the National Protection War of 1915–1916, Hubei and Sichuan had fallen into chaos, as various warlords carved out their own fiefdoms. Sichuan became home to a very large number of warlords, some of them little more than villages leaders or bandit chiefs while others led armies several thousand strong. These military strongmen constantly fought each other. As a result, hundreds of thousands of soldiers, militiamen and bandits roamed the two provinces during the Warlord Era, causing widespread instability. Further tensions existed due to the fact that the local warlords often acknowledged the nominal authority of the central government and the more powerful warlords in northern China, but distrusted them and wanted to maintain their autonomy. Besides the chaotic infighting among the armies of Sichuan and Hubei, the two provinces were affected by additional divisions between the different ethnic and social groups. While the valleys and plains of Sichuan and Hubei were dominated by Han Chinese, the highlands harbored a mixed population of Han migrants and non-Han groups like the Miao, Tujia, and others. The latter felt traditionally oppressed by the plainspeople and had long resisted Han immigration as well as influence from the Chinese central governments. The highlanders were thus more versed in organizing self-defense forces and more prone to revolting than the Han population. In this context, belief systems were also of great importance. Although the Han Chinese migrants and highland people rarely inter-married, they culturally influenced each other. This gave rise of a highly heterodox cultural and religious environment in which ancestor worship, and belief in magic as well as possession played a major role. In the context of the long struggle for autonomy by the highlanders, gods, heroes, and ancestors were often associated with past resistance and rebellions. These elements helped to popularize the so-called "spirit soldiers" – the belief that one could summon divine beings that would fight alongside or possess a fighter, granting the marginalized and weak the ability to oppose stronger opponents. The belief in spirit soldiers was often integrated into messianic and apocalyptic movements in Chinese history, giving rise to the idea that saviors in human guise would arrive in times of immense crisis, leading an army of spirit soldiers, and establish a new and fair rule on earth. Amid this volatile situation, a power vacuum came to be in western Hubei in 1920. The 30,000-strong army of warlords Li Tiancai, Lan Tianwei, Bao Wenwei, and Wang Tianzong which had previously controlled the Enshi-Hefeng area had been driven away by Hubei governor Wang Zhanyuan. This allowed the local communities to organize themselves to resist the warlord soldiers and bandits. Rebellion Initial uprisings Having suffered from deprivations and high taxes at the hands of the warlords, the rural populace of Hubei and Sichuan became increasingly restive. The discontent escalated in 1920 when a group of Taoist priests started a militant and spiritual movement opposed to militarism and taxation in Lichuan, Hubei. It was initially a small association of about 100 people. The movement's slogan "Kill the Warlords and Out with Rotten Officials and Loafers" found wide appeal, while the priests taught that anyone could become a heaven-blessed "Spirit Soldier" by undergoing magical rituals. These rituals such as drinking a special fluid or eating the ashes of burned amulets, were supposed to make the "Spirit Soldiers" invulnerable to gunfire and raise their bravery. Convinced that they could finally overcome the government authorities' superior weaponry, thousands joined the movement and launched an open rebellion. Despite being mostly armed with just close quarters weaponry such as spears and dao broadswords, the peasant rebels overran Lichuan County and killed the local magistrate, whereupon the movement spread into the surrounding regions. At this point, the Spirit Soldiers numbered over 10,000 fighters, and their forces would continue to grow over the next few years. Though the movement would eventually develop a relatively sophisticated organization, it was never really unified. The rebel forces split into three main armies as well as numerous militias early on, and had formed six main branches by 1928. These different groups did not much coordinate their activities. While the Spirit Soldiers generally lacked military training, modern weaponry, and uniforms, they attempted to organize their forces into actual armies. They introduced military ranks, and the rebel fighters identified themselves by wearing a yellow band around their left hand's middle finger since yellow served as "official color" of their movement. In addition, each major Spirit Soldier group dressed in a specific color. For example, the Spirit Soldiers in western Hubei mostly wore red turbans and sashs. They also carried flags into battle, many of them red, which were inscribed with their leaders' names or slogans that urged for "heavenly" or "universal peace" and the establishment of a "heavenly kingdom" on earth. Besides such vague slogans and the aim of overthrowing the existing authorities, the rebels had few concrete aims. Most of the Spirit Soldiers did not want to seize political power, and had no revolutionary ideology. Despite having an affinity with the poor, they would not try to change the political or social order when occupying counties. Instead the old magistrate would simply be replaced with a new one "who appeared to be a 'good' man". One observer noted that such minor changes often failed to permanently improve the situation of the peasants. Despite this, the Spirit Soldiers' rule was widely perceived as "benevolent" in comparison with the warlords' regime. The peasant rebels prevented the collection of rents and taxes by the government, and drove away both marauding warlord soldiers as well as bandits. The areas the insurgents had conquered were considered to be safe for unarmed travellers. To finance themselves, the Spirit Soldiers fought bandits and warlords for control of the salt and opium trade routes which ran from Sichuan and Guizhou through western Hubei. The Spirit Soldiers were also noted for persecuting Christians and foreigners. This was due to the rebels' belief that Western-style modernization as well as Christianity had brought chaos to China by subjecting it to foreign ideas. They consequently wanted to purge their territories from Western influences. Battle of Wanzhou Soon after its launch, the Spirit Soldiers movement spread westward into Sichuan, where it directly affected the regional trade center of Wanzhou. In late 1920, a number of Spirit Soldiers from Lichuan came to Wanzhou. Led by the peasants Hsiang Ting-hsi and Yang Tse-kun, they spread the message of their movement in the town's suburbs using slogans such as "Stand Against Rents and Taxes", and "Kill the Grey Dogs" (warlord soldiers). In a few months, they managed to gather 4,000 supporters from the town and the nearby villages. The insurgents then set up their headquarters at the local temple for Yama, armed themselves with simple weapons including bamboo spears and launched a grand assault against Wanzhou town on 5 March 1921. Attacking in two waves of about 2,000 fighters, the Spirit Soldiers terrified the local warlord soldiers, as they fought ferociously with bared upper body, unafraid of bullets. Despite being armed with guns, the soldiers believed their opponents to be actually protected by magic and fled from Wanzhou's outskirts behind the walls of the inner town. Though they had managed to capture most of the town, the Spirit Soldiers did not capitalize on their success, instead "composing chants and parading" through the streets. The remaining warlord forces managed to hold out, and shot a number of Spirit Soldiers from behind the inner town's walls. They consequently realized that they could actually kill the rebels, and launched a counter-attack on 8 March. Heavy fighting lasted almost the entire day, but the warlord forces prevailed and had mostly ousted the Spirit Soldiers from Wanzhou by nightfall. About 500 people died in course of this battle, the majority of them rebels. On 12 March, warlord Chou Fu-yu arrived in the area with reinforcements and attacked the Spirit Soldiers at their temple headquarters, killing about 1,000 of them, including most of their leaders. Following this defeat, the insurgents around Wanzhou scattered. Most of the survivors in Wanzhou County returned to civilian life, but a significant number continued the insurgency. Several retreated into the mountains of Hubei, where they joined the main Spirit Soldier armies, while others stayed in Sichuan. The latter were mostly small militias that behaved like bandits, so that officials lamented that "whole country districts [were] laid waste" as the rebels plundered them. Instead of attempting to seize and hold territory, they would capture towns, expel foreigners and missionaries, and then move on. For several years after the Wanzhou incursion, permanent Spirit Soldier bases in Sichuan were restricted to areas which were close to the border with Hubei. Height and decline of the movement Despite the setback in Sichuan, the Spirit Soldiers continued to flourish and expand in Hubei, driving warlord forces from large parts of the province. Many counties fell to the insurgents, including Xuan'en, Badong, Yichang, and Enshi. One insurgent leader, a former farm worker named Yuan, even felt confident enough to declare himself the "Jade Emperor" at his base in western Hubei. Active around 1920–1922, he began to issue numerous edicts, in which he railed against "students, farmers, labourers, employers, merchants, and military, and, lastly, the missionaries". He openly called for the violent extermination of all Christian priests, blaming them for the country's problems and promising his followers that with Christianity gone peace would return to China. Other Spirit Soldiers wanted to restore the Ming dynasty which they saw a highpoint in China's history. Under the Ming, the Chinese had ruled their own country and not been subject to the Manchu Qing dynasty or western foreigners. The Spirit Soldiers were aided in their expansion by the continuing infighting among the warlords of Hubei and Sichuan. The conflicts in western Hubei remained very chaotic, with not just the Spirit Soldiers but also warlord forces from other provinces and bandits invading the region. Zhili clique armies loyal to northern warlord Wu Peifu moved from Hunan and Sichuan into Hubei in 1921. The northern forces were repelled, but the Sichuan troops occupied Badong, Xingshan, and Zigui for a short time. More importantly, Yang Sen took control of Lichuan and Jianshi in October 1921, holding them until February 1923. Yang was strongly involved in the wars of Sichuan, as the forces of Governor Xiong Kewu battled several rivals in an attempt to unify the province. This became important to the peasant rebels because Xiong was gradually defeated in 1923, and his armies moved towards western Hubei. Yang and other strongmen exploited the situation by moving their forces in the opposite direction, trying to crush Xiong's dwindling armies and taking Sichuan for themselves. Although Kong Geng took control of some counties previously occupied by Yang, the removal of many Sichuan troops allowed Lao Yangren's bandit army to invade Yunxian, while the Xingshan County garrison mutinied. With his fortunes declining, Xiong actually allied with the Spirit Soldier factions based at Enshi and Hefeng, and his remaining army moved through the Wu valley in an attempt to link up with them around July 1924. This valley was the most important Spirit Soldier stronghold in Sichuan. However, northern warlord forces under Wang Duqing and Yu Xuezhong as well as Henan troops led by Hu Xiannian were sent to block the way of Xiong's army. The chaotic wars continued in Hubei and Sichuan, as Yang Sen's ascendency to Sichuan's governorship proved short-lived. He provoked several of his previous allies, and was ousted from power in early 1925. He retreated back to Hubei, eventually finding himself in Badong. These clashes once again spilled over into western Hubei, where Guizhou expatriate warlord Yuan Zuming – one of Yang's opponents – moved to Lichuan and Shinan in an attempt to conquer Hefeng. Meanwhile, the Spirit Soldiers spread in eastern Sichuan offering the locals protection from the marauding warlords and bandits. In fact, the peasant rebels managed to win a major victory over warlord troops at Wangying in that year; according to one account, "the river ran red with enemy blood". Early 1926 marked the Spirit Soldier movement's height, as the rebels counted about 100,000 fighters, and controlled forty counties in Hubei. Despite this, however, the Spirit Soldiers were too disorganized and poorly armed to defend their territories against the three well-trained, well-equipped divisions which the warlords eventually sent against them in 1926. The rebels suffered several crushing defeats in rapid succession, and their leaders were either killed in combat or died of other causes, including suicide or sickness. In consequence, the rebel movement rapidly declined from late 1926 to early 1927, and large numbers of Spirit Soldiers deserted. By this point, however, the situation in the region began to experience a significant change due to the launch of the Northern Expedition in July 1926. This was a major campaign by the Kuomintang (KMT; also known as "Chinese Nationalist Party") to reunite China and defeat the warlord cliques. Aftermath The Northern Expedition lasted until December 1928, reunified China, and ousted numerous warlords from power. However, several warlords such as Xiong Kewu and Yang Sen allied themselves with the KMT to maintain or regain power. The operation also caused further chaos and great disruption in Hubei and Sichuan which was exploited by various groups such as Lao Yangren whose bandit army had grown to about 20,000 fighters by late 1926. In addition, autonomous village militias, other secret societies such as the Gelaohui and Baijihui, as well as river pirates (huba) were active in the province. However, one major change to the warfare in the region was the introduction of new ideological elements. Many KMT troops which moved through central China were part of the party's left wing or outright Communists. When the KMT's right wing launched a purge against the leftists in the Shanghai massacre of April 1927, a civil war broke out within the KMT. The Chinese Communist Party left the United Front with the KMT, and rebelled. Hubei became one of the major centers of the early Communist insurgency. By this point, the Spirit Soldier movement still had a significant presence in the region, and Spirit Soldier bands soon allied themselves with the Red Armies of He Long and Xu Xiangqian. Although the Communists regarded secret societies with suspicion as conservative and predatory elements, they presented convenient allies whose aims were at least somewhat compatible with the Left-wing uprising. He Long in particular forged close links with the Spirit Soldiers. He came to view them as "social bandits" who wanted to protect their people. In fact, many Spirit Soldiers actually became part of the Red Armies. As unrest remained high throughout the country, the Spirit Soldier movement also continued to spread on its own, expanding to northern and central Sichuan, western Henan, and eastern Guizhou. Spirit Soldier groups persisted in these regions during the 1930s. One of the last known Spirit Soldier rebellions took place in February 1959, when the 1,200-strong "Regiment of Spirit Soldiers" launched an anti-Communist uprising at Sizhuang, Henan. See also Chinese salvationist religions List of peasant revolts Notes References Works cited Warlord Era Military history of the Republic of China (1912–1949) 1920s conflicts 1920s in China Wars involving the Republic of China History of Hubei Military history of Sichuan Peasant revolts Rebellions in China

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Roth%20%28journalist%29

Richard Roth (journalist)

Richard Roth (born 1955) is an American journalist, a CNN correspondent who covers the United Nations. He was the host of Diplomatic License (until its cancellation in January 2006), a weekly program that was devoted to United Nations affairs. Roth is a CNN "original" — one of the first employees when the network launched in 1980. He has covered a wide range of stories over the last 25 years, from the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests to the fall of the Berlin Wall and the first Gulf War. Biography Roth was born into a Jewish family, Roth graduated from New York University with a degree in journalism. Roth lived in Whitestone, Queens, in the early 1970s. Before CNN, he was an news anchor and reporter for AP Radio and a producer for WPIX-TV in New York City. In popular culture Richard Roth appeared in Robert Wiener’s book Live from Baghdad. He appeared as a character in the 2002 HBO film of the same name where he was portrayed by actor Hamish Linklater. The book as well as the film features Roth’s brief involvement with Wiener’s crew in Baghdad which was caused by sudden withdrawal of his fellow reporter colleague Tom Murphy on safety issues. Roth was stationed in Amman before joining Wiener and left the crew shortly before the Gulf War began, but within this time became part of an important coverage where the CNN team stepped into a messy US diplomatic mission in Baghdad and he interviewed a stranded US expatriate worker Robert Vinton. Roth’s interview of Vinton saw widespread coverage in the US and caused subsequent disappearance of Bob Vinton by the Iraqi authorities, though he was finally released and allowed to leave Iraq for home. References Contemporary Authors Online, Gale, 2006. Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson Gale. 2006. Document Number: H1000085213 External links CNN staff biography American television journalists Living people Jewish American journalists New York University alumni 1955 births CNN people People from Whitestone, Queens Journalists from New York City Date of birth missing (living people) American male journalists 21st-century American Jews

11513872

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20members%20of%20the%207th%20House%20of%20Commons%20of%20Northern%20Ireland

List of members of the 7th House of Commons of Northern Ireland

This is a list of Members of Parliament elected in the 1949 Northern Ireland general election. All members of the Northern Ireland House of Commons elected at the 1949 Northern Ireland general election are listed. Members Changes 1949: Socialist Republican Party dissolved; Harry Diamond thereafter sat as an independent. 24 October 1949: Thomas Charles Nelson elected for the Unionists in Enniskillen, following the resignation of Erne Ferguson. 15 November 1949: Frederick Lloyd-Dodd elected for the Unionists in Queen's University, following the death of William Lyle. 29 November 1949: George Boyle Hanna elected for the Unionists in Belfast Duncairn, following the death of William Grant 20 January 1950: Alexander Hunter elected for the Unionists in Carrick, following the resignation of Lancelot Curran. 4 April 1950: Robert Harcourt elected for the Unionists in Belfast Woodvale, following the death of John William Nixon 31 October 1950: Daniel Dixon elected for the Unionists in Belfast Bloomfield, following the death of Herbert Dixon. 6 December 1950: Charles McGleenan elected for the Anti-Partition League of Ireland in South Armagh, following the death of Malachy Conlon. 2 February 1951: Nat Minford elected for the Unionists in Antrim, following the death of Hugh Minford. 18 June 1951: Edward Warburton Jones elected for the Unionists in City of Londonderry, following the resignation of James Godfrey MacManaway. 10 December 1951: Brian McConnell elected for the Unionists in South Antrim, following the death of John Milne Barbour 31 January 1953: Death of John Maynard Sinclair. References Biographies of Members of the Northern Ireland House of Commons 1949

60212265

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial%20Navigation%20Act%201913

Aerial Navigation Act 1913

The Aerial Navigation Act 1913 was an amendment of the Aerial Navigation Act 1911, designed to protect British airspace. It was passed within a week and gave the British government the authority to shoot down aircraft flying over prohibited territory. References External links Hansard. 10 February 1913 National Archives United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1913 Aviation history of the United Kingdom History of transport in the United Kingdom

46518050

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gore%2C%20Georgia

Gore, Georgia

Gore is an unincorporated community in Chattooga County, in the U.S. state of Georgia. History An early variant name was "Mt. Hickory". William Gore, the first postmaster, gave the community its present name. A post office was established at Gore in 1884, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1953. References Unincorporated communities in Chattooga County, Georgia Unincorporated communities in Georgia (U.S. state)

41368964

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2nd%20Mechanised%20Corps%20%28Poland%29

2nd Mechanised Corps (Poland)

The 2nd Mechanized Corps of Lieutenant General Władysław Anders () was a corps-level formation of the Polish Army. The 2nd Mechanised Corps was formed on the basis of the Air-Mechanized Corps and divisional units of the Silesian and the Pomeranian Military District. Two divisions and units of the types of forces and services were initially part of the corps. The body was ready for action with effect from 1 January 2002. The command of the garrison was located in Krakow. As part-owned structures in the period 1 January 2002 - 1 April 2004 2 Mechanized Corps was operational-tactical compound designed to conduct combat operations in the area of NATO alone and in cooperation with allied troops, fighting with enemy ground and air, as well as co-participation in resolving the situation crisis. After the transfer in April 2004 of subordinate tactical and other military units in direct subordination of the commander of the Land Forces, the command of the 2nd Mechanised Corps was dedicated to the organization and conduct training and exercises for selected commands and operational-tactical units of the Land Forces and ad hoc task forces created clusters. The 2nd Mechanised Corps cooperates with similar Headquarters within NATO. 2nd Mechanised Corps was the first operational-tactical compound of the Polish Army, which received the affirmation of NATO during the exercise "Cannon Cloud 2002" (November 2002). Thus it confirmed its readiness to command allied operational groups and to participate in allied exercises in the role of leadership of the body. At the level of the Allied Command of the 2nd Mechanized Corps, together with the I. German/Dutch Corps and the Italian NRDC-IT part of the working group set up by the Allied Command Operations in the field of exercise, training and coordination of the development of normative documents. The godmother of the standard 2 KZ was the actress Anna Dymna. Corps commanders gen. dyw. Mieczysław Stachowiak (2001–2004) gen. broni Mieczysław Bieniek (2004–2007) gen. dyw. Włodzimierz Potasiński (cz.p.o. 2007) Brigadier General Andrzej Knap (p.o. 2007) gen. dyw. Edward Gruszka (2007–2009) gen. dyw. Zbigniew Głowienka (2009–2010) gen.dyw. dr Jerzy Biziewski (1 VI 2010 - 26 VII 2013) Brigadier General Andrzej Knap (od 26 VII 2013-19 II 2014) gen.dyw. Janusz Adamczak (19.2.2014-1.7.2014) Last References Further reading Corps of Poland Military units and formations established in 2002

48657243

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast%20Racing%20Neo

Fast Racing Neo

Fast Racing Neo (stylized as FAST Racing NEO) is a futuristic racing video game developed by Shin'en Multimedia and released worldwide for the Wii U in December 2015 via the Nintendo eShop, with a retail release in September 2016 in Europe and Australia only. It is the second entry in the Fast series, being the sequel to Fast Racing League. It is often compared to Nintendo's F-Zero franchise. Fast Racing Neo received generally positive reviews from critics. A sequel titled Fast RMX was released on the Nintendo Switch on 3 March 2017 as a launch title for the system. Gameplay Fast Racing Neo is played using the left stick to steer, A to accelerate, B to brake, X or L to change phases, (colors between blue and orange) ZL and ZR to lean (drift) left and right respectively. Changing phases comes into play when, during a race, either blue or orange set pieces of the track are driven on. You would then change phases respective of the color to get a speed boost if done correctly. There are also phase boost pieces that will give you a boost through the air, or on to another part of the track. (I.e. over a gap.) Reception Fast Racing Neo received "generally favorable" reviews, according to video game review aggregator Metacritic. Dermot Creegan of Hardcore Gamer gave the game a 4 out of 5 saying, "FAST Racing NEO is challenging and riveting enough to keep players busy for a long while, whether driving solo or with friends." Laura Kate Dale from Destructoid rated the game a 9/10 saying, "Fast Racing Neo made a strong impression right off the bat, and is easily one of my favorite games this year." DLC for the game was released on September 30, 2016, including 8 new tracks and 10 new vehicles. A retail version of the game, including the DLC, was released, exclusive to Europe and Australia as a part of Nintendo's eShop Selects series. References External links 2015 video games Science fiction racing games Multiplayer and single-player video games Nintendo Network games Video games developed in Germany Wii U games Wii U eShop games Wii U-only games Arc System Works games

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conover%27s%20tuco-tuco

Conover's tuco-tuco

Conover's tuco-tuco (Ctenomys conoveri) is a species of rodent in the family Ctenomyidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay. References Tuco-tucos Mammals described in 1946 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yenikaya%2C%20Karako%C3%A7an

Yenikaya, Karakoçan

Yenikaya is a village in the Karakoçan District of Elazığ Province in Turkey. Its population is 119 (2020). The village is populated by Kurds. References Villages in Karakoçan District Kurdish settlements in Elazığ Province

822060

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Stuart%20Blackie

John Stuart Blackie

John Stuart Blackie FRSE (28 July 1809 – 2 March 1895) was a Scottish scholar and man of letters. Biography He was born in Glasgow, on Charlotte Street, the son of Kelso-born banker Alexander Blackie (d.1846) and Helen Stodart. He was educated at the New Academy and afterwards at the Marischal College, in Aberdeen, where his father was manager of the Commercial Bank. After attending classes at Edinburgh University (1825–1826), Blackie spent three years at Aberdeen as a student of theology. In 1829 he went to Germany, and after studying at Göttingen and Berlin (where he came under the influence of Heeren, Müller, Schleiermacher, Neander and Böckh) he accompanied Bunsen to Italy and Rome. The years spent abroad extinguished his former wish to enter the Church, and at his father's desire he gave himself up to the study of law. He had already, in 1824, been placed in a lawyer's office, but only remained there six months. By the time he was admitted a member of the Faculty of Advocates (1834) he had acquired a strong love of the classics and a taste for letters in general. A translation of Goethe's Faust, which he published in 1834, met with considerable success, winning the approbation of Carlyle. After a year or two of desultory literary work he was (May 1839) appointed to the newly instituted chair of Humanity (Latin) in the Marischal College. Difficulties arose in the way of his installation, owing to the action of the Presbytery on his refusing to sign unreservedly the Confession of Faith; but these were eventually overcome, and he took up his duties as professor in November 1841. In the following year he married. From the first his professorial lectures were conspicuous for the unconventional enthusiasm with which he endeavoured to revivify the study of the classics; and his growing reputation, added to the attention excited by a translation of Aeschylus which he published in 1850, led to his appointment in 1852 to the professorship of Greek at Edinburgh University, in succession to George Dunbar, a post which he continued to hold for thirty years. He was somewhat erratic in his methods, but his lectures were a triumph of influential personality. A journey to Greece in 1853 prompted his essay On the Living Language of the Greeks, a favorite theme of his, especially in his later years; he adopted for himself a modern Greek pronunciation, and before his death he endowed a travelling scholarship to enable students to learn Greek at Athens. Scottish nationality was another source of enthusiasm with him; and in this connection he displayed real sympathy with highland home life and the grievances of the crofters. The foundation of the Celtic chair at Edinburgh University was mainly due to his efforts. In spite of the many calls upon his time he produced a considerable amount of literary work, usually on classical or Scottish subjects, including some poems and songs of no mean order. Blackie was a Radical and Scottish nationalist in politics, of a fearlessly independent type; possessed of great conversational powers and general versatility, his picturesque eccentricity made him one of the characters of the Edinburgh of the day, and a well-known figure as be went about in his plaid, worn shepherd-wise, over one shoulder and under the other, wearing a broad-brimmed hat, and carrying a big stick. In the 1880s and 1890s, he lectured at Oxford on the pronunciation of Greek, and corresponded on the subject with William Hardie. In May 1893, he gave his last lecture at Oxford, but afterwards admitted defeat, stating: "It is utterly in vain here to talk reasonably in the matter of Latin or Greek pronunciation: they are case-hardened in ignorance, prejudice and pedantry". He died at 9 Douglas Crescent in Edinburgh. He is buried in Dean Cemetery to the north side of the central path in the north section of the original cemetery. His nephew and biographer, Archibald Stodart Walker (1869-1934) is buried with him. In 1895 a plaque, designed by Robert Lorimer was erected to his memory in St Giles Cathedral. Publications All printed by David Douglas. Lyrical Poems (1860) Lays of the Highlands and Islands (1872) Horae Hellenicae (1874) On Self-Culture, Intellectual, Physical and Moral (1874) The Wise Men of Greece (1877) The Wisdom of Goethe (1883) A Song of Heroes (1890) Family Blackie married Elizabeth (known as Eliza) Wyld in 1842. They had no children. She is buried with him. He was the uncle of Sir Alexander Kennedy. Gallery Works The hymn he wrote on his honeymoon, "Angels holy, high and lowly," has been called his most enduring work. Education in Scotland: An Appeal to the Scottish People, on the Improvement of their Scholastic and Academical Institutions, W. Tait, 1846. The Pronunciation of Greek: Accent and Quantity, a Philological Inquiry, Sutherland & Knox, 1852. Classical Literature in its Relation to the Nineteenth Century and Scottish University Education, Sutherland and Knox, 1852. On Beauty: Three Discourses Delivered in the University of Edinburgh, Sutherland and Knox, 1858. Homer and the Iliad, Vol. 2, Vol. 3, Vol. 4, Edmonston & Douglas, 1866 [maintaining the unity of the poems. For further information, see the section on Blackie in English translations of Homer]. War Songs of the Germans, Edmonston and Douglas, 1870. Four Phases of Morals: Socrates, Aristotle, Christianity, Utilitarianism, Edmonston and Douglas, 1871. On Self-Culture, Edmonston & Douglas, 1874 [particularly recommended by James Wood]. Horae Hellenicæ, Essays and Discussion on Some Important Points of Greek Philology and Antiquity, Macmillan & Co., 1874. Four Phases of Morals: Socrates, Aristotle, Christianity, Utilitarianism, Edmonston and Douglas, 1874. The Language and Literature of the Scottish Highlands, Edmonston and Douglas, 1876. Songs of Religion and Life, Scribner, Armstrong & Co., 1876. The Natural History of Atheism, Scribner, Armstrong & Company, 1878 [1st Pub. 1877]. The Wise Men of Greece, Macmillan and Company, 1877. Lays and Legends of Ancient Greece, William Blackwood & Sons, 1880. Faust: A Tragedy, Macmillan & Co., 1880 [second ed.]. Lay Sermons Charles Scribner's Sons, 1881. Altavona; Fact and Fiction From my Life in the Highlands, D. Douglas, 1882. The Wisdom of Goethe, William Blackwood & Sons, 1883. The Scottish Highlanders and the Land Laws, Chapman and Hall, 1885. What does History Teach?: Two Edinburgh Lectures, Macmillan and Co., 1886. Life of Robert Burns, Walter Scott, 1888. Scottish Song: its Wealth, Wisdom, and Social Significance, W. Blackwood and Sons, 1889. A Song of Heroes, William Blackwood & Sons, 1890. Essays on Subjects of Moral and Social Interest, David Douglas, 1890. Christianity and the Ideal of Humanity, David Douglas, 1893. Amongst his political writings, may be mentioned: On Democracy, Edmonston & Douglas, 1867. The Constitutional Association on Forms of Government: A Historical Review and Estimate of the Growth of the Principal Types of Political Organism in Europe, Edmonston and Douglas, 1867. Political Tracts, 1868. Selected articles "Prussia in the Nineteenth Century," The Contemporary Review, Vol. XXIX, December 1876/May 1877. "The Scot," The Contemporary Review, Vol. XXXIII, August 1878. "On a Radical Reform in the Method of Teaching the Classical Languages," The Contemporary Review, Vol. XXXIV, 1879. "Landlords and Land Laws," The Contemporary Review, Vol. XXXVII, January/June 1880. "Problem of the Homeric Poems," The Contemporary Review, Vol. XXXVIII, July/December 1880. "The Philosophy of the Beautiful," The Contemporary Review, Vol. XLIII, January/June, 1883. "Scotland Today," The Forum, Vol. V, 1888. "The Christianity of the Future," The Forum, Vol. X, 1890. "Shakespeare and Modern Greek," The Nineteenth Century, Vol. XXX, July/December, 1891. "John Knox," The Contemporary Review, Vol. LXII, August 1892. "The Method of Teaching Languages," The Contemporary Review, Vol. LXVII, January/June 1895. "Modern Greece," The Forum, March 1897. Notes References This work in turn cites: Anna M. Stoddart, John Stuart Blackie, Vol. 2, W. Blackwood, 1895. A. Stodart-Walker, Selected Poems of J. S. Blackie, with an Appreciation, John Macqueen, 1896. Howard Angus Kennedy, Professor Blackie, his Sayings and Doings: A Biographical Sketch with Illustrations, James Clarke, 1895. Further reading Oliphant, Margaret (1895). "John Stuart Blackie," Blackwood's Magazine, Vol. 157, pp. 662–664. Stodart-Walker, Archibald (1901). The Day-Book of John Stuart Blackie. London: Grant Richards. Stodart-Walker, Archibald (1909). The Letters of John Stuart Blackie to His Wife. Edinburgh: William Blackwood & Sons. External links Blackie's Inaugural Lecture on Classical Literature and Scottish University Education in the 19th Century Blackie's "On the Advancement of Learning in Scotland" Blackie's "The Scottish Highlanders and the Land Laws: An Historico-Economical Enquiry" 1809 births 1895 deaths 19th-century British journalists 19th-century British male writers 19th-century British translators 19th-century essayists 19th-century Scottish historians 19th-century Scottish writers Academics of the University of Aberdeen Academics of the University of Edinburgh Alumni of the University of Aberdeen Alumni of the University of Edinburgh British male essayists British male journalists Male biographers Members of the Faculty of Advocates New Latin-language poets Scottish biographers Scottish essayists Scottish literary critics Scottish poets Scottish political writers Scottish politicians Scottish songwriters Scottish translators Translators of Homer Writers from Glasgow

59405583

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramesh%20Ranganathan

Ramesh Ranganathan

Justice Ramesh Ranganathan (born 28 July 1958) is an Indian judge. He is the former Chief Justice of the Uttarakhand High Court. He had earlier served as the Acting Chief Justice of Hyderabad High Court and judge of Andhra Pradesh High Court. See also List of Chief Justices of the Uttarakhand High Court List of Chief Justices of India References 1958 births Living people Indian judges Chief Justices of the Uttarakhand High Court Judges of the Andhra Pradesh High Court

17479011

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10244%20Th%C3%BCringer%20Wald

10244 Thüringer Wald

10244 Thüringer Wald, provisional designation , is a Vestian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately in diameter. It was discovered on 26 September 1960, by Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden, and Tom Gehrels at Palomar Observatory in California, United States. The asteroid was named after the Thuringian Forest, a German mountain range. Orbit and classification Thüringer Wald is a member of the Vesta family (). Vestian asteroids have a composition akin to cumulate eucrites (HED meteorites) and are thought to have originated deep within 4 Vesta's crust, possibly from the Rheasilvia crater, a large impact crater on its southern hemisphere near the South pole, formed as a result of a subcatastrophic collision. Vesta is the main belt's second-largest and second-most-massive body after . Thüringer Wald orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.2–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 9 months (1,361 days; semi-major axis of 2.4 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.10 and an inclination of 7° with respect to the ecliptic. Its observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Palomar in September 1960. Physical characteristics The asteroid's spectral type is unknown. Vestian asteroids typically have a V- or S-type, with albedos higher than measured by the WISE telescope (see below). It has an absolute magnitude of 14.6. As of 2018, no rotational lightcurve of Thüringer Wald has been obtained from photometric observations. The body's rotation period, pole and shape remain unknown. Diameter and albedo According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's WISE telescope, Thüringer Wald measures 3.346 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.190. Palomar–Leiden survey The survey designation "P-L" stands for Palomar–Leiden, named after Palomar Observatory and Leiden Observatory, which collaborated on the fruitful Palomar–Leiden survey in the 1960s. Gehrels used Palomar's Samuel Oschin telescope (also known as the 48-inch Schmidt Telescope), and shipped the photographic plates to Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden Observatory where astrometry was carried out. The trio are credited with the discovery of several thousand asteroid discoveries. Naming This minor planet was named after the Thuringian Forest (), a mountain range in central Germany. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 May 2003 (). References External links Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info ) Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (10001)-(15000) – Minor Planet Center 010244 Discoveries by Cornelis Johannes van Houten Discoveries by Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld Discoveries by Tom Gehrels 4668 Named minor planets 19600926

2143328

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turiec%20%28V%C3%A1h%29

Turiec (Váh)

See also Turiec (Sajó). The Turiec (, ) is a river in north-western Slovakia. It is a tributary to the Váh, into which it flows near the city of Martin. Its source is in the Veľká Fatra Mountains. It is long and its basin size is . The Turiec region is named after this river. Etymology Pliny the Elder associated the name with Durius (the ancient name of Upper Váh), Ptolemy with the Celtic Taurisci tribe. The name is probably derived from the Indo-European appellative tur- (, ). The root is used also in a broad sense - "rich" or "strong". The Hungarian name Turóc comes from the ancient Slavic form Turъcь (1113 Turc). References Rivers of Slovakia

41061801

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anbar%20Sar%2C%20Gilan

Anbar Sar, Gilan

Anbar Sar (, also Romanized as Anbār Sar; also known as Sar Anbār) is a village in Dehgah Rural District, Kiashahr District, Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 938, in 291 families. References Populated places in Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh County

36276161

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyoming%20%28community%29%2C%20Wisconsin

Wyoming (community), Wisconsin

Wyoming is an unincorporated community in the town of Wyoming, Iowa County, Wisconsin, United States. Notes Unincorporated communities in Iowa County, Wisconsin Unincorporated communities in Wisconsin