guid stringlengths 32 32 | question stringlengths 17 440 | answer stringlengths 1 613 | question_category stringclasses 7 values | img_posFacts listlengths 0 2 | txt_posFacts listlengths 0 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
d5d8ed620dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What custom was very common to find during Hallstatt A-B and thought to represent gifts to the gods? | Hoards | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Hallstatt A–B (1200–800 BC) are part of the Bronze Age Urnfield culture. In this period, people were cremated and buried in simple graves. In phase B, tumulus (barrow or kurgan) burial becomes common, and cremation predominates."
},
{
"text": "Hoards are very common in the Urnfield culture. The custom is abandoned at the end of the Bronze Age. They were often deposited in rivers and wet places like swamps. As these spots were often quite inaccessible, they most probably represent gifts to the gods. Other hoards contain either broken or miscast objects that were probably intended for reuse by bronze smiths. As Late Urnfield hoards often contain the same range of objects as earlier graves, some scholars interpret hoarding as a way to supply personal equipment for the hereafter. In the river Trieux, Côtes du Nord, complete swords were found together with numerous antlers of red deer that may have had a religious significance as well."
}
] |
d5d8ed8a0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | The Andaman Islands are an archipelago in which ocean that is the third largest on the planet and has 19.8% of the water on Earth's surface? | They are in the Indian Ocean. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The Andaman Islands are an archipelago in northeastern Indian Ocean about 130 km (81 mi) southwest off the coasts of Myanmar 's Ayeyarwady Region. Together with the Nicobar Islands to their south, the Andamans serve as a maritime boundary between the Bay of Bengal to the west and the Andaman Sea to the east."
},
{
"text": "The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering 70,560,000 km2 (27,240,000 sq mi) or 19.8% of the water on Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia to the east. To the south it is bounded by the Southern Ocean or Antarctica, depending on the definition in use"
}
] |
d5d8edb20dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | The brand name Lipitor drug is made up of what HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors? | Statins. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Atorvastatin, sold under the brand name Lipitor among others, is a statin medication used to prevent cardiovascular disease in those at high risk and to treat abnormal lipid levels. For the prevention of cardiovascular disease, statins are a first-line treatment. It is taken by mouth."
},
{
"text": "Statins, also known as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, are a class of lipid-lowering medications that reduce illness and mortality in those who are at high risk of cardiovascular disease. They are the most common cholesterol-lowering drugs."
}
] |
d5d8ee2a0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What are the two main types of the kind of entry that occurs by convention at the Kármán line at an altitude of 100 km above the surface of Earth? | Controlled and Uncontrolled | text | [] | [
{
"text": "There are two main types of atmospheric entry: uncontrolled entry, such as the entry of astronomical objects, space debris, or bolides; and controlled entry (or reentry) of a spacecraft capable of being navigated or following a predetermined course."
},
{
"text": "For Earth, atmospheric entry occurs by convention at the Kármán line at an altitude of 100 km (62 miles; 54 nautical miles) above the surface, while at Venus atmospheric entry occurs at 250 km (160 mi; 130 nmi) and at Mars atmospheric entry at about 80 km (50 mi; 43 nmi)."
}
] |
d5d8ee7a0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | The L2 BAT (Battalion, Anti-Tank) was a 120 mm caliber recoil-less anti-tank rifle used by what principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, a part of the British Armed Forces along with the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force? | The L2 BAT was used by the British Army. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The L2 BAT (Battalion, Anti-Tank) was a 120 mm calibre recoilless anti-tank rifle used by the British Army. It was also produced in the MOBAT version without a gun shield, and the ConBAT version with a new spotting rifle attachment. The L6 Wombat version was greatly lightened through the use of magnesium alloys."
},
{
"text": "The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, a part of the British Armed Forces along with the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force. As of 2021, the British Army comprises 82,230 regular full-time personnel and 30,030 reserve personnel"
}
] |
d5d8eea20dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | How many people have been awarded the highest and most prestigious award of the British honours system? | 1,355 peopll have been awarded Britain's highest and most prestigious award, the Victorian Cross. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The Victoria Cross ( VC) is the highest and most prestigious award of the British honours system. It is awarded for valour \"in the presence of the enemy\" to members of the British Armed Forces. It may be awarded posthumously."
},
{
"text": "The VC was introduced on 29 January 1856 by Queen Victoria to honour acts of valour during the Crimean War. Since then, the medal has been awarded 1,358 times to 1,355 individual recipients."
}
] |
d5d8eef20dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What city that thrived under the Hohenstaufen emperors was partly sold by Archduke Sigismund of Austria to Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy? | Alsace | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Alsace experienced great prosperity during the 12th and 13th centuries under Hohenstaufen emperors. Frederick I set up Alsace as a province (a procuratio, not a provincia) to be ruled by ministeriales, a non-noble class of civil servants."
},
{
"text": "In 1469, following the Treaty of St. Omer [ fr], Upper Alsace was sold by Archduke Sigismund of Austria to Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy. Although Charles was the nominal landlord]"
}
] |
d5d8ef1a0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Daowu and Li Xiong are both names of what? | Emperors. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "In 403, Tuoba Gui, by this point emperor (as Emperor Daowu), created him the Prince of Qi. In 409, Emperor Daowu was intent on creating Tuoba Si crown prince, but based on the Tuoba tradition that when an heir is decided upon, his mother must be put to death, Emperor Daowu forced Consort Liu to commit suicide."
},
{
"text": "Li Qi was the fourth son of Li Xiong, Cheng Han's founding emperor, by his concubine Consort Ran, but was raised by Li Xiong's wife Empress Ren. When he was young, he was known for being intelligent and charismatic."
}
] |
d5d8ef420dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | The terminus of US Route 2 in Maine is in which county? | The easternmost point of US Route 2 is in Houlton, Maine, which is in Aroostook County. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "U.S. Route 2 ( US 2) is a component of the United States Numbered Highway System that connects the city of Everett in the U.S. state of Washington to the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, with a separate segment that runs from Rouses Point, New York, to Houlton, Maine."
},
{
"text": "Houlton is a town in Aroostook County, Maine, on the Canada–US border, located at 46.1256°N 67.8398°W. As of the 2010 census, the town's population was 6,123. It is perhaps best known for being at the northern terminus of Interstate 95 and as the birthplace of Samantha Smith, a goodwill ambassador as a child during the Cold War."
}
] |
d5d8ef6a0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | The Mayan The Qʼeqchiʼ and the Slavic Czech are both names of what? | Languages. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Like other Slavic languages, Czech is a fusional language with a rich system of morphology and relatively flexible word order. Its vocabulary has been extensively influenced by Latin and German."
},
{
"text": "The Qʼeqchiʼ language, also spelled Kekchi, Kʼekchiʼ, or Kekchí, is one of the Mayan languages, spoken within Qʼeqchiʼ communities in Guatemala and Belize . The area where Qʼeqchiʼ is spoken spreads across northern Guatemala into southern Belize. There are also some Qʼeqchiʼ speaking communities in Mexico."
}
] |
d5d8ef920dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | A medieval account credited who, who would become the champion of the Trinitarian viewpoint, as the author of a Creed? | Athanasius | text | [] | [
{
"text": "A medieval account credited Athanasius of Alexandria, the famous defender of Nicene theology, as the author of the Creed. According to that account, Athanasius composed it during his exile in Rome and presented it to Pope Julius I as a witness to his orthodoxy."
},
{
"text": "Athanasius would become the champion of the Trinitarian viewpoint ultimately adopted by the council and spend most of his life battling Arianism. Also there were Eusebius of Caesarea and Eusebius of Nicomedia. Before the main conclave convened, Hosius initially met with Alexander and his supporters at Nicomedia."
}
] |
d5d8efba0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | The tool that can have heads of kelon, rubber, nylon, acrylic or other medium-hard materials is used in what instrument where its bars are made from aluminum bar stock? | Vibraphones. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Wrapped mallets, mostly used on marimba, vibraphone, and other instruments with softer keys (though they can be used on more durable instruments as well), have heads of kelon, rubber, nylon, acrylic or other medium-hard materials wrapped in softer materials like yarn, cord or latex."
},
{
"text": "Vibraphones are usually played with mallets. Vibraphone bars are made from aluminum bar stock, cut into blanks of predetermined length. Holes are drilled through the width of the bars, so they can be suspended by a cord, typically parachute cord."
}
] |
d5d8efe20dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What was on the back of the coins minted for the person who who served as the governor of the newly conquered region of Gilan during Shapur's reign? | Two attendants turning their backs to the fire altar | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Under Bahram I, the reverse of coins were changed back to the version minted during the reign of Shapur I, with two attendants turning their backs to the fire altar, instead of facing it. The front of Bahram I's coins shows him wearing the distinctive crown of the angelic divinity Mithra; a headgear decorated with ray-shaped spikes."
},
{
"text": "During Shapur's reign, Bahram I served as the governor of the newly conquered region of Gilan, situated on the southwest shore of the Caspian Sea. He held the title of Gelan Shah (\"king of Gilan\")."
}
] |
d5d8f00a0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What government of the country with 47 prefectures overthrew the Tokugawa shogunate? | The Meiji government. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The Meiji government was the early government of the Empire of Japan . Politicians of the Meiji government were known as the Meiji oligarchy, who overthrew the Tokugawa shogunate . After the Meiji Restoration, the leaders of the samurai who overthrew the Tokugawa shogunate had no clear agenda or pre-developed plan on how to run Japan."
},
{
"text": "Each region contains one or more of the country's 47 prefectures. Of the four main islands of Japan, Hokkaidō, Shikoku, and Kyūshū make up one region each, the latter also containing the Ryukyu Islands, while the largest island Honshū is divided into five regions."
}
] |
d5d8f0640dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | How many children were in the family of the person that the Hodgson's hawk-eagle was named after? | There were seven children. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The mountain hawk-eagle ( Nisaetus nipalensis) or Hodgson's hawk-eagle, is a large bird of prey native to Asia. The latter name is in reference to the naturalist, Brian Houghton Hodgson, who described the species after collecting one himself in the Himalayas. A less widely recognized common English name is the feather-toed eagle."
},
{
"text": "Hodgson was the second of seven children of Brian Hodgson (1766–1858) and his wife Catherine (1776–1851), and was born at Lower Beech, Prestbury, Cheshire.[3] His father lost money in a bad bank investment and had to sell their home at Lower Beech."
}
] |
d5d8f08c0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Which device name is shared by both a hand tool used to flatten the shape of wood and a metal cutter similar to a large shaper? | A plane or planer | text | [] | [
{
"text": "A planer is a type of metalworking machine tool that uses linear relative motion between the workpiece and a single-point cutting tool to cut the work piece. A planer is similar to a shaper, but larger, and with workpiece moving, whereas in a shaper the cutting tool moves."
},
{
"text": "Plane (tool), a hand tool used to produce flat surfaces by shaving the surface of the wood Thickness planer (North America) or thicknesser (UK and Australia), a woodworking machine for making boards of even thickness"
}
] |
d5d8f0b40dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Numerius Negidius is a name used in the jurisprudence of what people in which Spurius was a personal name? | Romans | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Spurius ( Latin pronunciation: [ˈspʊrɪ.ʊs]) is a Latin praenomen, or personal name, which was used primarily during the period of the Roman Republic, and which fell into disuse in imperial times. It was used by both patrician and plebeian families, and gave rise to the patronymic gens Spurilia. The feminine form is Spuria."
},
{
"text": "Numerius Negidius is a name used in Roman jurisprudence, based on a play on words: Numerius is a Roman praenomen, or forename, resembling the verb numero, \"I pay\"; while Negidius has the form of a gentile name formed from the verb nego, \"I refuse\". Thus, Numerius Negidius is a personal name that can also be interpreted to mean \"I refuse to pay\"."
}
] |
d5d8f1040dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What was worshiped at both the first temple of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn and he Iseum Campense? | Isis. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The Temple of Isis and Serapis was a double temple in Rome dedicated to the Egyptian deities Isis and Serapis on the Campus Martius, directly to the east of the Saepta Julia. The temple to Isis, the Iseum Campense, stood across a plaza from the Serapeum dedicated to Serapis."
},
{
"text": "The Isis-Urania Temple was initially the first temple of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. The three founders, Dr. William Robert Woodman, William Wynn Westcott, and Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers, were Freemasons and members of Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia (S.R.I.A.)."
}
] |
d5d8f12c0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Silbury Hill in Wiltshire is what kind of site that is chosen for its fauna, flora, geological or physiographical features? | An SSSI. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Silbury Hill, one of the many SSSIs in Wiltshire designated for their grassland plant communities. The following is a list of Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) in Wiltshire, England, United Kingdom."
},
{
"text": "The following is a list of Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) in Wiltshire, England, United Kingdom. In England the body responsible for designating SSSIs is Natural England, which chooses a site because of its fauna, flora, geological or physiographical features."
}
] |
d5d8f1ae0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Which general research strategy seeks to identify principles about the sample design? | Methodology, but within the survey subcategory. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The methodology is the general research strategy that outlines the way in which research is to be undertaken and, among other things, identifies the methods to be used in it. These methods, described in the methodology, define the means or modes of data collection or, sometimes, how a specific result is to be calculated."
},
{
"text": "Survey methodology as a scientific field seeks to identify principles about the sample design, data collection instruments, statistical adjustment of data, and data processing, and final data analysis that can create systematic and random survey errors."
}
] |
d5d8f1d60dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What is the Greek meaning of the cells that are neurochemically and anatomically distinct from M and P cells? | It means "dust" or "poison | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Koniocellular cells are a heterogeneous population differing in many aspects, such as response properties and connectivity. K cells are neurochemically and anatomically distinct from M and P cells. There are three proteins by which K cells can be clearly distinguished:"
},
{
"text": "Koniocellular neurons not labeled, but are present between the layers. A koniocellular cell (konio: Greek, dust or poison, also known as K cell) is a neuron with a small cell body that is located in the koniocellular layer of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in primates, including humans."
}
] |
d5d8f1f40dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | The CFB in CFB Suffield stands for that? | Canadian Forces Base | text | [] | [
{
"text": "It is located in southeastern Alberta, 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) north-northwest of Suffield, 50 km (31 mi) northwest of the city of Medicine Hat and 250 km (160 mi) southeast of Calgary. It is accessible via Highway 884, a public road that bisects the main hub section of the base. CFB Suffield in Alberta."
},
{
"text": "/ 52.82806°N 110.90444°W / 52.82806; -110.90444 Canadian Forces Base Wainwright, commonly referred to as CFB Wainwright is a Canadian Forces Base located in Denwood, Alberta, adjacent to the town of Wainwright ."
}
] |
d5d8f21c0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Chongqing, China is an example of what tier of administrative divisions in China? | The first tier | text | [] | [
{
"text": "These cities have the same rank as provinces, and form part of the first tier of administrative divisions of China . A municipality is a \"city\" ( Chinese: 市; pinyin: shì) with \"provincial\" ( Chinese: 省级; pinyin: shěngjí) power under a unified jurisdiction."
},
{
"text": "The municipality of Chongqing, China, whose administrative area is around the size of Austria, has the largest population for a city proper. However, more than 70% of its residents live in rural areas. A city can be defined by its administrative boundaries ( city proper )."
}
] |
d5d8f24e0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What is the religion that 80% of Japanese follow the rituals of and is where the belief of the Kotoamatsukami who were born in Takamagahara from? | Shinto. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Religion in Japan manifests primarily in Shinto and in Buddhism, the two main faiths, which Japanese people often practice simultaneously. According to estimates, as many as 80% of the populace follow Shinto rituals to some degree, worshiping ancestors and spirits at domestic altars and public shrines."
},
{
"text": "In Shinto, Kotoamatsukami (別天神, literally \"distinguishing heavenly kami \") is the collective name for the first gods which came into existence at the time of the creation of the universe. They were born in Takamagahara, the world of Heaven at the time of the creation. Unlike the later gods, these deities were born without any procreation."
}
] |
d5d8f2760dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | The Mkisii are also known as what, which is also the name of a town that is home to their people? | Kisii | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Kisii town - known as Bosongo or Getembe by the locals - is located in Nyanza Province to the southwest of Kenya and is home to the Abagusii people. However, the term Kisii refers to the town and not to the people."
},
{
"text": "The Abagusii (also known as Kisii, Mkisii or Wakisii in Swahili, or Gusii) is an East African ethnic group that traditionally inhabit Kisii County (formerly Kisii District) and Nyamira County of former Nyanza Province of Kenya. The Abagusii are also found in other regions of geographical Western Kenya including former Nyanza Province."
}
] |
d5d8f2ee0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What are aggressive predators that stalk, capture, and feed on fish and have a flattened, obovoid to ovoid-elongate body? | Belostomatids | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Belostomatids are aggressive predators that stalk, capture, and feed on fish, amphibians, as well as aquatic invertebrates such as snails and crustaceans. The largest species have also been found to capture and feed on baby turtles and water snakes."
},
{
"text": "Belostomatids have a flattened, obovoid to ovoid-elongate body, and usually the legs are flattened. The hind tarsi have two apical claws and tucked behind the eyes is a short antennae. A short breathing tube can be retracted into its abdomen."
}
] |
d5d8f30c0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Who were a part of a Daco-Romanian migration that the Bulgarians called tsintsar? | Aromanians. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Another name used to refer to the Aromanians (mainly in the Slavic countries such as Serbia and Bulgaria is tsintsar (цинцар) and in Hungary cincár) derived from the way the Aromanians pronounce /tʃe/ and /tʃi/ as /tse/ and /tsi/."
},
{
"text": "Many Romanian scholars maintain that the Aromanians were part of a Daco-Romanian migration from the north of the Danube between the 6th and 10th centuries, supporting the theory that the 'Great Romanian' population descend from the ancient Dacians and Romans."
}
] |
d5d8f3de0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What kind of bodies do the members of species like Big-headed African and Silvery have? | Cylindrical bodies with short limbs adapted to activities inside their tunnels | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Mole-rats have cylindrical bodies with short limbs adapted to activities inside their tunnels. Their loose skins and dense fur assist in negotiating small spaces. They can practically somersault within their loose skins. Their hairy cheeks can close behind the incisors to keep dirt and soil from the throat while they dig."
},
{
"text": "Silvery mole-rats are territorial and fairly aggressive, driving off other mole-rats. When cornered, they adopt a defensive stance with head thrown back and incisors exposed."
},
{
"text": "Big-headed African mole rats are highly distinctive in their large size, especially that of their heads. They are a mottled golden-brown in color, and are soft-furred. While the other mole rats not only live but also feed underground, this species mostly forages above ground, by digging a new tunnel to a patch of herbage."
}
] |
d5d8f4060dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What dramatic and well-known rock formation in Northern California is a wainwright? | Castle Crags | text | [] | [
{
"text": "There are 214 Wainwrights, of which 209 are also classed as one of the 541 Birketts. Wainwrights cover a wide range of heights, from major mountains such as the highest Wainwright, Scafell Pike at 978 metres (3,209 ft), to Castle Crag, the smallest Wainwright at 290 metres (951 ft)."
},
{
"text": "Castle Crags is a dramatic and well-known rock formation in Northern California. Elevations range from 2,000 feet (610 m) along the Sacramento River near the base of the crags, to over 6,500 feet (2,000 m) at the summit of the tallest crag. Castle Dome, a popular trail destination at Castle Crags (left foreground)."
}
] |
d5d8f42e0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | The dramatic and well-known rock formation in Northern California is one of the smallest what? | Wainwrights | text | [] | [
{
"text": "There are 214 Wainwrights, of which 209 are also classed as one of the 541 Birketts. Wainwrights cover a wide range of heights, from major mountains such as the highest Wainwright, Scafell Pike at 978 metres (3,209 ft), to Castle Crag, the smallest Wainwright at 290 metres (951 ft)."
},
{
"text": "Castle Crags is a dramatic and well-known rock formation in Northern California. Elevations range from 2,000 feet (610 m) along the Sacramento River near the base of the crags, to over 6,500 feet (2,000 m) at the summit of the tallest crag. Castle Dome, a popular trail destination at Castle Crags (left foreground)."
}
] |
d5d8f4560dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | The English term what, which Perennialists and Universalists view mysticism as an equivalent term for with regard to religious or spiritual insight, is the western translation of the abstract noun bodhi? | Enlightenment | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Perennialists and Universalists view enlightenment and mysticism as equivalent terms for religious or spiritual insight. Lord Mahavira attaining enlightenment. The English term enlightenment is the western translation of the abstract noun bodhi, the knowledge or wisdom, or awakened intellect, of a Buddha."
},
{
"text": "The English term enlightenment is the western translation of the abstract noun bodhi, ( / ˈboʊdi /; Sanskrit: बोधि; Pali: bodhi ), the knowledge or wisdom, or awakened intellect, of a Buddha. The verbal root budh- means \"to awaken,\" and its literal meaning is closer to awakening."
}
] |
d5d8f47e0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | The Image of Edessa is a likeness of what figure who a was offered a veil to wipe his brow by a woman? | Jesus. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "A popular iconographic motif in the Middle Ages, it stems from the story of the woman who offered her veil to Jesus on his way to Calvary in order for Him to wipe His brow, after which His face was imprinted on the material."
},
{
"text": "According to the account, King Abgar received the Image of Edessa, a likeness of Jesus. According to Christian tradition, the Image of Edessa was a holy relic consisting of a square or rectangle of cloth upon which a miraculous image of the face of Jesus had been imprinted—the first icon (\"image\")."
}
] |
d5d8f4a60dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Linguistics is the scientific study of what, that can become a standard variety which has undergone substantial codification of grammar and usage? | Language. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Linguistics is the scientific study of language. It encompasses the analysis of every aspect of language, as well as the methods for studying and modeling them. The traditional areas of linguistic analysis include phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics."
},
{
"text": "A standard language (also standard variety, standard dialect, and standard) is a language variety that has undergone substantial codification of grammar and usage and is employed by a population for public communication."
}
] |
d5d8f4ce0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | In the scientific study of linguistics, what might they study that involves languages that have undergone substantial codification of grammar and usage? | A standard language. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Linguistics is the scientific study of language. It encompasses the analysis of every aspect of language, as well as the methods for studying and modeling them. The traditional areas of linguistic analysis include phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics."
},
{
"text": "A standard language (also standard variety, standard dialect, and standard) is a language variety that has undergone substantial codification of grammar and usage and is employed by a population for public communication."
}
] |
d5d8f4f60dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | In the belief in the glory of the Swedish Geats, what did these people once do in part of the Suebi Kingdom regarding cities in Gallaecia? | They sacked them and massacred some populations. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Gothicism or Gothism ( Swedish: Göticism; Latin: Gothicismus) was a cultural movement in Sweden, centered on the belief in the glory of the Swedish Geats, who were identified with the Goths. The founders of the movement were Nicolaus Ragvaldi and the brothers Johannes and Olaus Magnus."
},
{
"text": "The Goths sacked the cities in Gallaecia, part of the Suebi Kingdom quite brutally: they massacred a portion of the population and even attacked some holy places, probably due to the clergy's support of the Suebi. Theodoric took control over Hispania Baetica, Carthaginiensis and southern Lusitania."
}
] |
d5d8f5dc0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Who refers to Ariaeus mistakenly as a satrap, and named the 40 books of the Bibliotheca historica? | Diodorus. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Ariaeus is next recorded in 395 BC when he was involved in the assassination of Tissaphernes. Diodorus refers to him as a satrap, which is probably a mistake, since he appeared to be reporting to Tissaphernes, who was the satrap of Sardis at that time."
},
{
"text": "Diodorus' universal history, which he named Bibliotheca historica ( Greek: Βιβλιοθήκη Ἱστορική, \"Historical Library\"), was immense and consisted of 40 books, of which 1–5 and 11–20 survive: fragments of the lost books are preserved in Photius and the excerpts of Constantine Porphyrogenitus . It was divided into three sections."
}
] |
d5d8f6040dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Hemiargus ceraunus is a species of what thing that Lycaena is a genus of? | Butterflies | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Lycaena is a butterfly genus. The genus range is Holarctic, with the exception of four species found in New Zealand, two in South Africa, one in New Guinea and one in Java. It is commonly divided into several subgenera, such as Antipodolycaena."
},
{
"text": "Hemiargus ceraunus, the Ceraunus blue, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. The species was first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1793.[2] It is found in the southwestern United States, southern Texas, Florida and the Florida Keys south through the West Indies, Mexico and Central America to South America."
}
] |
d5d8f64a0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Central Gheg is spoken by what people who live in Albania (north of the Shkumbin river), Kosovo, North Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro? | The Ghegs | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The Ghegs live in Albania (north of the Shkumbin river), Kosovo, North Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro. The Ghegs speak Gheg Albanian, one of the two main dialects of Albanian language. The social organization of the Ghegs was traditionally tribal, with several distinct tribal groups of Ghegs."
},
{
"text": "Central Gheg is spoken in Debar, Gostivar, Krujë, Peshkopi, southern Mirditë, Mat, eastern Struga, Kumanovo, and southern Tetovo. Southern Gheg is spoken in Durrës, northern Elbasan, northern Peqin, Kavajë, northwest Struga, and Tirana. One fairly divergent dialect is the Upper Reka dialect, which is however classified as Central Gheg."
}
] |
d5d8f6720dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Central Gheg is spoken by a people whose traditional social organization was what? | Tribal | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The Ghegs live in Albania (north of the Shkumbin river), Kosovo, North Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro. The Ghegs speak Gheg Albanian, one of the two main dialects of Albanian language. The social organization of the Ghegs was traditionally tribal, with several distinct tribal groups of Ghegs."
},
{
"text": "Central Gheg is spoken in Debar, Gostivar, Krujë, Peshkopi, southern Mirditë, Mat, eastern Struga, Kumanovo, and southern Tetovo. Southern Gheg is spoken in Durrës, northern Elbasan, northern Peqin, Kavajë, northwest Struga, and Tirana. One fairly divergent dialect is the Upper Reka dialect, which is however classified as Central Gheg."
}
] |
d5d8f69a0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | In the the northern part of Belgium, a form of a name ending in -ke is what pet name used to show affection for a person or object? | A hypocorism. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "If the final consonant of a name is m, the ending is then -pje, -metje or -mie. For the other consonants the hypocoristic form is -tje. In the southern parts of the Netherlands and the northern part of Belgium the hypocoristic form is often -ke."
},
{
"text": "For other uses, see Pet name (disambiguation). A hypocorism ( / haɪˈpɒkərɪzəm / hy-POK-ər-iz-əm or / haɪpəˈkɒrɪzəm / hy-pə-KOR-iz-əm; from Ancient Greek: ὑποκόρισμα ( hypokorisma ), from ὑποκορίζεσθαι ( hypokorizesthai ), 'to call by pet names') or pet name is a name used to show affection for a person or object."
}
] |
d5d8f6c20dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | In the southern parts of the Netherlands what would be an example ending for a pet name used to show affection for a person or object? | -ke. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "If the final consonant of a name is m, the ending is then -pje, -metje or -mie. For the other consonants the hypocoristic form is -tje. In the southern parts of the Netherlands and the northern part of Belgium the hypocoristic form is often -ke."
},
{
"text": "For other uses, see Pet name (disambiguation). A hypocorism ( / haɪˈpɒkərɪzəm / hy-POK-ər-iz-əm or / haɪpəˈkɒrɪzəm / hy-pə-KOR-iz-əm; from Ancient Greek: ὑποκόρισμα ( hypokorisma ), from ὑποκορίζεσθαι ( hypokorizesthai ), 'to call by pet names') or pet name is a name used to show affection for a person or object."
}
] |
d5d8f6ea0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | During the First Jewish-Roman War what Zealot leader refused to give sacrifice to the Roman Emperor? | Eleazar. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "In 66 CE, the Zealots instigated the First Jewish–Roman War when the high priest Eleazar b. Ananius refused to give sacrifice to the Roman Emperor and slaughtered Florus' Roman garrison in Jerusalem. In response, Nero ordered Cestius Gallus, the Roman legate of Syria, to crush the rebellion."
},
{
"text": "Eleazar ben Simon ( Hebrew: אלעזר בן שמעון ) was a Zealot leader during the First Jewish-Roman War who fought against the armies of Cestius Gallus, Vespasian, and Titus Flavius."
}
] |
d5d8f7da0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Regarding the individual who was a distinguished orator and had one of his best speeches at a funeral, when did he become Pontiff? | In 216 BC. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "He was Pontiff in 216 BC, Aedile of the Plebeians in 209 BC and 208 BC, Consul in 206 BC, Dictator in 205 BC and Ambassador at the Court of Philip V of Macedon in 185 BC. He served as a Legate in the army of Gaius Claudius Nero and fought in the war against Hannibal."
},
{
"text": "The elephant was a family symbol, referring to Lucius Caecilius Metellus' victory at Panormus in 251 BC. He served as a legate in the army of Gaius Claudius Nero and fought in the war against Hannibal. He was also distinguished as an orator, the funeral sermon he pronounced at his father's funeral being counted amount his best speeches."
}
] |
d5d8f8020dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | For the orator who became Consul in 206 BC, during what event did he give out one of his best speeches? | At his father's funeral. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "He was Pontiff in 216 BC, Aedile of the Plebeians in 209 BC and 208 BC, Consul in 206 BC, Dictator in 205 BC and Ambassador at the Court of Philip V of Macedon in 185 BC. He served as a Legate in the army of Gaius Claudius Nero and fought in the war against Hannibal."
},
{
"text": "The elephant was a family symbol, referring to Lucius Caecilius Metellus' victory at Panormus in 251 BC. He served as a legate in the army of Gaius Claudius Nero and fought in the war against Hannibal. He was also distinguished as an orator, the funeral sermon he pronounced at his father's funeral being counted amount his best speeches."
}
] |
d5d8f82a0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Enamel is the hardest substance in the human body and contains the highest percentage of what, of which Apatite is an example? | Minerals | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Apatite is one of a few minerals produced and used by biological micro-environmental systems. Apatite is the defining mineral for 5 on the Mohs scale. Hydroxyapatite, also known as hydroxylapatite, is the major component of tooth enamel and bone mineral."
},
{
"text": "Enamel is the hardest substance in the human body and contains the highest percentage of minerals (at 96%), with water and organic material composing the rest. The primary mineral is hydroxyapatite, which is a crystalline calcium phosphate."
}
] |
d5d8f87a0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | How long did Big Mouth likely grow to? | 3 feet, 3 inches | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Megamastax (meaning \"big mouth\") is a genus of lobe-finned fish which lived during the late Silurian period, about 423 million years ago, in China. Before the discovery of Megamastax, it was thought that jawed vertebrates ( gnathostomes) were limited in size and variation before the Devonian period."
},
{
"text": "Before the discovery of Megamastax, it was thought that jawed vertebrates ( gnathostomes) were limited in size and variation before the Devonian period. Megamastax is known only from jaw bones and it is estimated that it reached about 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) long."
}
] |
d5d8f8d40dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Which army came out victorious at the Battle of Sepeia and how many lives were lost? | At the Battle of Sepeia (Ancient Greek: Σήπεια) (c. 494 BC), the Spartan forces of Cleomenes I defeated the Argives. The Battle of Sepeia resulted in approximately 6000 deaths, accounting for an estimated fifty per cent of the Argive population. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The Battle of Sepeia resulted in approximately 6000 deaths, accounting for an estimated fifty per cent of the Argive population. The significance of this Battle is illustrated through the revolution of the Argive political system."
},
{
"text": "The battle took place in the neighbourhood of Leuctra, a village in Boeotia in the territory of Thespiae. The Theban victory shattered Sparta's immense influence over the Greek peninsula, which Sparta had gained long before its victory in the Peloponnesian War a generation earlier."
}
] |
d5d8f9920dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What was located in central Asia in an area that comprises most of modern day Afghanistan and parts of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan that Sogdiana lays north of? | Bactria. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Bactria was located in central Asia in an area that comprises most of modern day Afghanistan and parts of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. To the south and east, it was bordered by the Hindu Kush mountain range. On its western side, the region was bordered by the great Carmanian desert and to the north it was bound by the Oxus river."
},
{
"text": "Sogdiana lay north of Bactria, east of Khwarezm, and southeast of Kangju between the Oxus ( Amu Darya) and the Jaxartes ( Syr Darya ), embracing the fertile valley of the Zeravshan (ancient Polytimetus )."
}
] |
d5d8f9ba0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What was located in central Asia in an area that comprises most of modern day Afghanistan and parts of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan and where Zoroastrianism and Buddhism were the religions of the majority before the rise of Islam? | Bactria. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Bactria was located in central Asia in an area that comprises most of modern day Afghanistan and parts of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. To the south and east, it was bordered by the Hindu Kush mountain range. On its western side, the region was bordered by the great Carmanian desert and to the north it was bound by the Oxus river."
},
{
"text": "Bactrian, an Eastern Iranian language, was the common language of Bactria and surroundings areas in ancient and early medieval times. Zoroastrianism and Buddhism were the religions of the majority of Bactrians before the rise of Islam ."
}
] |
d5d8fa0a0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | In what French city do the majority of the people that belong to the group with 49 recognized ethnicities live? | Paris | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The majority of Laotians in France live in Paris and the surrounding Île-de-France region, with smaller communities in Marseille, Lille and Strasbourg. There are about 12,000 people of Laotian descent in Australia. Laotian Australians primarily live in the metropolitan areas of Sydney and Melbourne."
},
{
"text": "The term Laotian is wide, as it either refers to the people born in Laos and its many ethnicities [49 recognized by Laos] (the Hmong peopleper example) or, the real term for the majority Lao Loum(constituting 69% of the country) that is simply Lao."
}
] |
d5d8fa5a0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What society with a highly developed and complex clan system was comprised of the Tsanars in the South, the Dvals in the West, and the Ers in the East? | Nakh | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Traditionally, Nakh peoples were known as a society with a highly developed and complex clan system. Individuals are united in family groups called \"Tsa\" – house."
},
{
"text": "\"At the turn of this new era, the Nakh peoples of the Transcaucasus comprised of the Tsanars in the South, the Dvals in the West, and the Ers in the East. The Kakh (etians) who used to call themselves Kabatsas and their territory Kakh-batsa, were surrounded by Nakh tribes and themselves thought to be Tushians of Nakh extraction."
}
] |
d5d8fa820dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What Tushetians in the country of Georgia speak the language of the Nakh, who are united in family groups called "Tsa"? | The Bats | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Traditionally, Nakh peoples were known as a society with a highly developed and complex clan system. Individuals are united in family groups called \"Tsa\" – house."
},
{
"text": "The identity of the photographer is unknown, as is the date and the names of those depicted. The Bats people ( Georgian: ბაცი) or the Batsbi (ბაცბი), are Nakh -speaking Tushetians in the country of Georgia. They are also known as the Ts’ova-Tush (წოვათუშები) after the Ts’ova Gorge in the historic Georgian mountain region of Tusheti."
}
] |
d5d8fad20dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Which of the three distinct tribes that compose the people of Southeast Asia that are sometimes called sea gypsies is most ethnologically different? | The Urak Lawoi are most distinct among the three distinct Moken tribes. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The Moken are also called sea gypsies, a generic term that applies to a number of peoples in Southeast Asia. The Urak Lawoi are sometimes classified with the Moken, but they are linguistically and ethnologically distinct, being much more closely related to the Malay people."
},
{
"text": "The Moken are three distinct tribes living on the Andaman Coast of Burma and Thailand: the Moken of the Mergui archipelago, the Moklen of Phang Nga Province, and the Urak Lawoi living from Phuket south to Satun."
}
] |
d5d8fb2c0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What family does the Helix lucorum come from that is among the first animal genera described by Carl Linnaeus? | Helicidea | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Helix lucorum is a species of large, edible, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Helicidae, the typical snails. Adult snails weight about 20-25 g."
},
{
"text": "They are the type genus of the family Helicidae and among the first animal genera described by Carl Linnaeus. Members of the genus first appeared during the Oligocene. Like most land snails, Helix species are hermaphroditic, and like other helicids a courting pair will impale each other with hormone -rich love darts prior to exchanging sperm."
}
] |
d5d8fb680dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | To which culture did Pseudo-Tertullian belong? | Greek | text | [] | [
{
"text": "It lists 32 heresies, and there is consensus that this work is not by Tertullian himself. A traditional theory is that the work is a Latin translation of a Greek original, a lost work Syntagma written by Hippolytus, c. 220."
},
{
"text": "Recent scholarship, agreeing with a theory of Richard Adelbert Lipsius, suggests that this work Syntagma was the common source for Philastrius and the Panarion of Epiphanius, also. The name \"Pseudo-Tertullian\" is also applied to the author of a poem written against Marcion."
}
] |
d5d8fbb80dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | This genus possesses spiked osteoderms on the underside of the tail, near the cloaca, and lived during what geologic era? | Typothorax lived during the Late Triassic. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "In T. coccinarum, there are 10 thoracic columns and four caudal columns of ventral osteoderms on the underside. Unlike all other aetosaurs, Typothorax possesses spiked osteoderms on the underside of the tail, near the cloaca. This region is not covered by osteoderms to the extent that it is in other aetosaurs such as Aetosaurus and Coahomasuchus ."
},
{
"text": "Typothorax is an extinct genus of typothoracisine aetosaur that lived in the Late Triassic. Its remains have been found in North America. Two species are known: T. coccinarum, the type species, and T. antiquum . Size of Typothorax coccinarum relative to a human."
}
] |
d5d8fbe00dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What are the classical roots for the word that describes the study of token coins, medals, and other items used in place of legal currency. | The noun exonumia is derived from two classical roots: exo, meaning "out-of" in Greek, and nummus, meaning "coin" in Latin (from Greek νοῦμμος – noummos, "coin") | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Exonumia: is the study of coin -like objects such as token coins and medals, and other items used in place of legal currency or for commemoration. Notaphily: is the study of paper money or banknotes. Scripophily: is the study and collection of stocks and bonds."
},
{
"text": "The noun exonumia is derived from two classical roots: exo, meaning \"out-of\" in Greek, and nummus, meaning \"coin\" in Latin (from Greek νοῦμμος – noummos, \"coin\"); thus, \"out [side]-of- [the category]coins\". Usually, the term \"exonumia\" is applied to these objects in the United States, while the equivalent British term is paranumismatica ."
}
] |
d5d8fc800dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | The black-billed streamertail is endemic to a country that gained its independence in which year? | The black-billed streamertail is endemic to Jamaica, which gained its independence in 1962. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The black-billed streamertail ( Trochilus scitulus) is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is endemic to eastern Jamaica. It is sometimes considered a subspecies of Trochilus polytmus ."
},
{
"text": "The island remained a possession of Spain until 1655, when England (later Great Britain) conquered it, renaming it Jamaica. Under British colonial rule Jamaica became a leading sugar exporter, with a plantation economy dependent on the African slaves and later their descendants. The British fully emancipated all slaves in 1838, and many freedmen chose to have subsistence farms rather than to work on plantations. Beginning in the 1840s, the British began using Chinese and Indian indentured labour to work on plantations. The island achieved independence from the United Kingdom on 6 August 1962.[11]"
}
] |
d5d8fca80dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Which bridge connects the administrative centre of Bulgaria's northwesternmost province to a town in Romania? | Vidin, the administrative centre of Vidin Province, Bulgaria's northwesternmost province, is connected to a town in Romania by the New Europe Bridge. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Vidin Province ( Bulgarian: Област Видин) is the northwesternmost province of Bulgaria. It borders Serbia to the west and Romania to the northeast. Its administrative centre is the city of Vidin on the Danube river. The area is divided into 11 municipalities."
},
{
"text": "Vidin is the westernmost important Bulgarian Danube port and is situated on one of the southernmost sections of the river. The New Europe Bridge, completed in 2013, connects Vidin to the Romanian town of Calafat on the opposite bank of the Danube. Previously, a ferry located 2 km (1 mi) from the town was in use for that purpose."
}
] |
d5d8fcf80dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What is the area of the island where the town of Leirvik is located? | It has an area of 241.2 square kilometers. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Leirvik is a town and the administrative centre of Stord municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The town lies along the southern coast of the large island of Stord, along the Hardangerfjorden."
},
{
"text": "Stord has an area of 241.2 square kilometres (93.1 sq mi) and the highest point is the 749-metre (2,457 ft) tall mountain Mehammarsåto. The island lies on the northern side of the mouth of the great Hardangerfjorden. The Selbjørnsfjorden lies on the north end of the island."
}
] |
d5d8fd2a0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Explain briefly about Aloeae? | Aloeae is a tribe of succulent plants in the subfamily Asphodeloideae of the family Asphodelaceae, consisting of the aloes and their close relatives. The genera Aloe, Asphodelus, and Kniphofia are perhaps best known from their use in horticulture as ornamental plants | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The greatest diversity occurs in South Africa . The genera Aloe, Asphodelus, and Kniphofia are perhaps best known from their use in horticulture as ornamental plants . The Asphodeloideae are distinguished by a general presence of anthraquinones, simultaneous microsporogenesis, atypical ovules morphology, and the presence of an aril."
},
{
"text": "See text . Aloeae is a tribe of succulent plants in the subfamily Asphodeloideae of the family Asphodelaceae, consisting of the aloes and their close relatives. The taxon may also be treated as the subfamily Alooideae by those botanists who retain the narrower circumscription of Asphodelaceae adopted prior to the APG III system."
}
] |
d5d8fd980dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | How do we know the island connected to the Karmøy Tunnel and the Karmsund Bridge have lots of inhabitants? | The island itself is the 4th most populated island in all of Norway. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Most of the municipality lies on the island of Karmøy. The island is connected to the mainland by the Karmøy Tunnel and the Karmsund Bridge. It is known for its industries, as well as for fishing."
},
{
"text": "The 230-square-kilometre (89 sq mi) municipality is the 294th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Karmøy is the 24th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 42,186, making it one of the largest in the region. The municipality's population density is 192.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (498/sq mi) and its population has increased by 6.5% over the previous 10-year period.[3][4] The island itself is the 4th most populated island in all of Norway."
}
] |
d5d8fde80dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What kinds of tours are offered by the town on Lake Maurepas on the Pass Manchac waterway? | Manchac holds swamp tours. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Manchac is known for fishing, duck hunting, seafood restaurants like Middendorf's, and swamp tours. It is also home to the Port Manchac Distribution Center, with storage facilities and rail, truck, and water links to the east, west, and north."
},
{
"text": "Manchac is located on Lake Maurepas on the Pass Manchac waterway, which connects to Lake Pontchartrain. It is home to the ruins of one of the five lighthouses set up for Lake Pontchartrain, the Pass Manchac Light. The last lighthouse to be built on the north side of the entrance to Pass Manchac (the fourth one on that site) was completed in 1857. It was automated in 1941, and the dwelling was razed in 1952; the U.S. Coast Guard decommissioned the light and abandoned the property in 1987.[9]"
}
] |
d5d8fe2e0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Eggs from the most primitive members of the family Viperidae require how long of an incubation period? | about four months | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Causus is a genus of venomous vipers found only in sub-Saharan Africa. It is a group considered to be among the most primitive members of the family Viperidae based on head scalation, oviparity, venom apparatus, and because they have round pupils. However, this is contradicted by recent molecular studies. Seven species are currently recognized."
},
{
"text": "Their diet consists almost exclusively of toads and frogs.[3] Gluttony has been reported; when prey is abundant, they may eat until they are literally unable to swallow any more food.[9]ReproductionAll Causus species lay eggs (oviparous), which among vipers is considered to be a more primitive trait, though not unique.[2] The average clutch consists of some two dozen eggs that require an incubation period of about four months. Hatchlings are 10–12.5 cm (4–5 in) in total length (body + tail).[9]"
}
] |
d5d8fe560dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What type of thing can grow five arms that can also reproduce asexually? | A. Stellifera | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Reproduction is also regulated by planktonic food supply. A. stellifera can reproduce asexually by breaking apart into smaller parts and regrowing the missing limb. This explains why Asterina can be found living with less than five arms. Asterian sea stars also reproduce through dispersal of eggs."
},
{
"text": "It has a slow growth rate and relatively long lifespan. A. stellifera is an omnivorous generalist predator, and modifies the abundance of other invertebrates and algae in subtidal marine communities. This type of sea star grows five arms and can reach up to 80.0 millimetres (3.15 in) in length, though most stay around 50 millimetres (2.0 in)."
}
] |
d5d8fe740dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | The scaly-foot snail is a deep-sea hydrothermal-vent species found at depths of about 2,400-2,900 m in which ocean? | The Indian Ocean. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Scale bar is 1 cm. Chrysomallon squamiferum, commonly known as the scaly-foot gastropod, scaly-foot snail, scaly-foot gastropod, or sea pangolin, is a species of deep-sea hydrothermal-vent snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Peltospiridae."
},
{
"text": "This vent-endemic gastropod is known only from deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the Indian Ocean, where it has been found at depths of about 2,400–2,900 m (1.5–1.8 mi). C. squamiferum differs greatly from other deep-sea gastropods, even the closely related neomphalines."
}
] |
d5d8fe9c0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Between Dipterocarpus tuberculatus and Hopea odorata, which one has the possibility to grow to the greater height? | Dipterocarpus tuberculatus only grows to a height of 5-25m, while Hopea odorata may grow to 45m in height. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Dipterocarpus tuberculatus ( Khmer khlông, Indian English gurjuntree) is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae found in Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. The tree is found in clear forests of plains, at altitudes up to 800-1000m. It grows to a height of 5–25 m."
},
{
"text": "Hopea odorata, or ta-khian ( Thai: ตะเคียน ), is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is found in Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. It is a large tree reaching up to 45 m in height with the base of the trunk reaching a diameter of 4.5 m."
}
] |
d5d8feba0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Which belief system that was a combination of pre-Aryan religions was popular in the 1st millennium CE? | Shaivism was an amalgam of pre-Aryan religions. It became popular in the 1st millennium CE. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Shaivism developed as an amalgam of pre-Aryan religions and traditions derived from from the southern Dravidian Shaiva Siddhanta Tamil traditions and philosophies , which were assimilated in the non-Vedic Shiva-tradition."
},
{
"text": "Both devotional and monistic Shaivism became popular in the 1st millennium CE, rapidly becoming the dominant religious tradition of many Hindu kingdoms. It arrived in Southeast Asia shortly thereafter, leading to the construction of thousands of Shaiva temples on the islands of Indonesia as well as Cambodia and Vietnam, co-evolving with Buddhism in these regions."
}
] |
d5d8fee20dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | The Caves of Drach are on an island that has what official anthem? | The Caves of Drach are on Mallorca, whose anthem is "La Balanguera". | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The Caves of Drach (modern Catalan spelling: Coves del Drac [ˈkɔβəz ðəl ˈdɾak]; Spanish: Cuevas del Drach; lit. 'Dragon caves') are four great caves that are located in the island of Majorca, Balearic Islands, Spain, extending to a depth of 25 m and reaching approximately 4 km in length."
},
{
"text": "Mallorca (Catalan: [məˈʎɔɾkə], Spanish: [maˈʎoɾka]) or Majorca (English: /məˈjɔːrkə, maɪ-, -ˈdʒɔːr-/ mə-YOR-kə, my-, -JOR-)[2][3] is the largest island in the Balearic Islands, which are part of Spain and located in the Mediterranean. The local language, as on the rest of the Balearic Islands, is Catalan (spoken as the local dialect Mallorquí), which is co-official with Spanish.The capital of the island, Palma, is also the capital of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands. The Balearic Islands have been an autonomous region of Spain since 1983.[4] The anthem of Mallorca is \"La Balanguera\"."
}
] |
d5d8ff640dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What language concept did Lee Sallows use when they invented the autogram? | Self-reference, given an autogram is a sentence that describes itself and self-reference occurs when a sentence refers to itself. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "An autogram ( Greek: αὐτός = self, γράμμα = letter) is a sentence that describes itself in the sense of providing an inventory of its own characters. They were invented by Lee Sallows, who also coined the word autogram. An essential feature is the use of full cardinal number names such as \"one\", \"two\", etc., in recording character counts."
},
{
"text": "Self-reference occurs in natural or formal languages when a sentence, idea or formula refers to itself. The reference may be expressed either directly—through some intermediate sentence or formula—or by means of some encoding."
}
] |
d5d8ff820dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Who was the first duke who held the area that is sometimes considered to include the regions of Semigallia and Selonia? | Gotthard Kettler was the first duke of this area. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The largest city is Liepāja, the third largest city in Latvia. The regions of Semigallia and Selonia are sometimes considered as part of Courland as they were formerly held by the same duke . Situated in western Latvia, Courland roughly corresponds to the former Latvian districts of Kuldīga, Liepāja, Saldus, Talsi, Tukums and Ventspils ."
},
{
"text": "Gotthard Kettler, the last Master of the Livonian Order, became the first duke of Courland. Other members of the Order became the Couronian nobility, with the fiefdoms they had hitherto held becoming their estates."
}
] |
d5d8ffb40dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | How much longer is the Zaghouan Aqueduct than the Pont du Gard Aqueduct? | The Zaghouan is about 100 82 km longer than the Pont du Gard. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "From its source in Zaghouan it flows a total of 132 km, making it amongst the longest aqueducts in the Roman Empire . The date of the construction of the aqueduct is not entirely clear."
},
{
"text": "The Pont du Gard is an ancient Roman aqueduct bridge built in the first century AD to carry water over 50 km (31 mi) to the Roman colony of Nemausus ( Nîmes ). It crosses the river Gardon near the town of Vers-Pont-du-Gard in southern France. The Pont du Gard is the highest of all Roman aqueduct bridges, as well as one of the best preserved."
}
] |
d5d900720dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | The Mesolithic and Neolithic culture centered in what has been historically known as "the Barbary Coast" lasted for what period of time? | The Capsian culture centered in the Maghreb that lasted from about 8,000 to 2,700 BC | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The Capsian culture was a Mesolithic and Neolithic culture centered in the Maghreb that lasted from about 8,000 to 2,700 BC. It was named after the town of Gafsa in Tunisia, which was known as Capsa in Roman times."
},
{
"text": "The Maghreb (/ˈmʌɡrəb/; Arabic: المغرب al-Maghrib, \"the west\"), also known as Northwest Africa,[2] the Arab Maghreb (المغرب العربي al-Maghrib al-Arabi), and historically as \"the Barbary Coast\",[3][4] is the western part of North Africa and the Arab World. The region includes Algeria, Libya, Mauritania (also considered part of West Africa), Morocco and Tunisia. The Maghreb also includes the disputed territories of Western Sahara (controlled mostly by Morocco and partly by the self-proclaimed Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic) and the cities of Ceuta and Melilla (both controlled by Spain).[5] As of 2018, the region had a population of over 100 million people."
}
] |
d5d9009a0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | The Capsian culture was named after what home to the mining industry of Tunisa? | It was named after the town of Gafsa in Tunisia, which was known as Capsa in Roman times. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The Capsian culture was a Mesolithic and Neolithic culture centered in the Maghreb that lasted from about 8,000 to 2,700 BC. It was named after the town of Gafsa in Tunisia, which was known as Capsa in Roman times."
},
{
"text": "Gafsa is the capital of the southwest of Tunisia and is both a historical oasis and home to the mining industry of Tunisia. The city had 111,170 inhabitants at the 2014 census, under the ruling of the mayor, Malek Necibi.[1] The city lies 369 km (229 mi) by road southwest of Tunis. Its geographical coordinates are 34°25′N 8°47′E."
}
] |
d5d900c20dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What Spanish airline that was one of the first Spanish airlines to operate tourist charter flights between European and North American cities became the first Spanish airline to fly to Japan via the polar route in 1983? | Spantax became the first Spanish airline to fly to Japan via the polar route in 1983. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Spantax was one of the first Spanish airlines to operate tourist charter flights between European and North American cities and popular Spanish holiday destinations and was considered a major force in developing 20th-century mass tourism in Spain."
},
{
"text": "n 1983, Spantax became the first Spanish airline to fly to Japan via the polar route, with a stop in Anchorage, and in the same year Boeing 737-200s began to be added to the fleet, to replace the DC-9s.[2][5] New flights from Palma de Mallorca to Turku, Kuopio, Tampere and Vaasa in Finland were begun with the 737s in 1984, and in the August 1984 the airline undertook charter flights to Venezuela with the DC-10s in conjunction with Iberia and VIASA.[2]"
}
] |
d5d900f40dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What the highest point of the massive that is the highest point of the Cambrian Mountains in Wales? | The highest point of Plynlimon itself is Pen Pumlumon Fawr. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "It is a massif that dominates the surrounding countryside and is the highest point ( county top) of Ceredigion (both the modern council area, and the historic county, also known as Cardiganshire ). The highest point of the massif itself is Pen Pumlumon Fawr, which is 752 metres (2,467 ft) above ordnance datum."
},
{
"text": "Plynlimon (anglicised from Pumlumon in Welsh) is the highest point of the Cambrian Mountains in Wales (taking the more restricted definition of the Cambrian Mountains, excluding Snowdonia and the Brecon Beacons), and the highest point in Mid Wales"
}
] |
d5d9011c0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | In Melody Maker, Andrew Smith described it as the first album to capture "the full majesty" of the sound of what English rock band formed in 1977, originally known as Cardiac Arrest, led by Tim Smith? | Cardiacs | text | [] | [
{
"text": "In Melody Maker, Andrew Smith described it as the first album to capture \"the full majesty\" of Cardiacs' sound and dubbed it \"insanely sharp; one continuous, sweeping, collection of sawn-off epic joy... a deeply satisfying album.\""
},
{
"text": "Cardiacs were an English rock band formed in 1977, originally as Cardiac Arrest, led by Tim Smith. Noted for their complex, varied and intense compositional style[4][5][6] and for their eccentric, theatrical stage shows,[7][8][9] they have been hailed as an influence by bands as diverse as Blur, Faith No More and Napalm Death."
}
] |
d5d901940dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What color is the face and forehead of the adult warbling grass parakeet? | yellow | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Alternative names for the budgerigar include the shell parrot, the warbling grass parakeet, the canary parrot, the zebra parrot, the flight bird, the scallop parrot. Although more applicable to members of the genus Agapornis, the name lovebird has been applied to them from their habit of mutual preening."
},
{
"text": "Wild budgerigars average 18 cm (7 in) long, weigh 30–40 grams (1.1–1.4 oz), 30 cm (12 in) in wingspan, and display a light green body colour (abdomen and rumps), while their mantles (back and wing coverts) display pitch-black mantle markings (blackish in fledgelings and immatures) edged in clear yellow undulations. The forehead and face is yellow in adults."
}
] |
d5d901b20dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Moghulistan was another name for the eastern portion of what historical region in Central Asia corresponding to the regions of Transoxiana and Xinjiang? | Moghulistan was another name for the eastern portion of Turkestan. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The eastern portion of Turkestan was also called Moghulistan and continued to be ruled by descendants of Genghis Khan. In Chinese historiography, the Qara Khitai is most commonly called the \"Western Liao\" (西遼) and is considered to be a legitimate Chinese dynasty, as is the case for the Liao dynasty."
},
{
"text": "Turkestan, also spelled Turkistan (Persian: ترکستان, romanized: Torkestân, lit. 'Land of the Turks'), is a historical region in Central Asia corresponding to the regions of Transoxiana and Xinjiang.[1][2]Contents1\tOverview2\tEtymology and terminology3\tHistory3.1\tChinese influence4\tSee also5\tReferences6\tSources7\tFurther readingOverviewMap from Mahmud al-Kashgari's Dīwān ul-Lughat al-Turk, showing the 11th century distribution of Turkic tribesFlag of Turkestan used by the BasmachiKnown as Turan to the Persians, western Turkestan has also been known historically as Sogdiana, \"Ma wara'u'n-nahr\" (by its Arab conquerors), and Transoxiana by Western travelers."
}
] |
d5d901da0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Hebius vibakari is what type of snake, which has another variety called tiger? | Keelback | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. The Japanese keelback ( Hebius vibakari) is a species of colubrid snake, which is endemic to Asia ."
},
{
"text": "Rhabdophis tigrinus, also known commonly as the tiger keelback,[1] kkotbaem, or yamakagashi, is a species of venomous snake in the family Colubridae. The species is native to East Asia and Southeast Asia. Many sources, though not ITIS,[2] recognize one subspecies, Rhabdophis tigrinus formosanus of Taiwan.[1][3]"
}
] |
d5d902020dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | FASTag is what type of thing that tags for are made by MEM and MND? | ETC system | text | [] | [
{
"text": "There usually an up front payment for new users. Wherever the Chinese ETC is opened, it is accepted nationwide as long as ETC is supported in that area. Some emergency services vehicles, such as fire trucks and military vehicles, are also installed ETC e-tags by MEM and MND ."
},
{
"text": "FASTag is an electronic toll collection system in India, operated by the National Highway Authority of India (NHAI). It employs Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology for making toll payments directly from the prepaid or savings account linked to it or directly toll owner."
},
{
"text": "Electronic toll collection (ETC) is a wireless system to automatically collect the usage fee or toll charged to vehicles using toll roads, HOV lanes, toll bridges, and toll tunnels."
}
] |
d5d9022a0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | The Mesmes language is an extinct West Gurage language that was spoken in what country whose capital is Addis Ababa and is the 2nd most populous country in Africa? | It was spoken in Ethiopia. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The Mesmes language is an extinct West Gurage language, one of the Ethiopian Semitic languages spoken in Ethiopia. There are still many people who claim the Mesmes ethnic identity, but none who speak the language."
},
{
"text": "Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. Ethiopia has a total area of 1,100,000 square kilometers (420,000 sq mi) and over 117 million inhabitants and is the 12th-most populous country in the world and the 2nd-most populous in Africa. The national capital and largest city, Addis Ababa, lies several kilometers west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the African and Somali tectonic plates."
}
] |
d5d9027a0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Who was Antipater I the Idumaean and how did he die? | Antipater I the Idumaean was the founder of the Herodian Dynasty and father of Herod the Great. He died by poison. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "After the assassination of Caesar, Antipater was forced to side with Gaius Cassius Longinus against Mark Antony. The pro-Roman politics of Antipater led to his increasing unpopularity among the devout, non- Hellenised Jews. He died by poison."
},
{
"text": "Antipater I the Idumaean[a] (born 113 or 114 BCE,[1] died 43 BCE) was the founder of the Herodian Dynasty and father of Herod the Great. According to Josephus, he was the son of Antipas[b] and had formerly held that name."
}
] |
d5d902980dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | A supporter of Julius Caesar and one of the envoys to King Ariovistus, this man also literally made money minting coins, and one of his coins featured a woman in what kind of vehicle? | The coins minted by Marcus Mettius had Sospita in a biga, a two-horse chariot, on one side. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Marcus Mettius or Metius ( fl. mid-1st century BC) was a supporter of Julius Caesar in the 50s and 40s BC. During the first year of the Gallic Wars, Caesar sent Mettius and the Helvian Celt Gaius Valerius Troucillus as envoys to the Suebian king Ariovistus, in what was presented as a last-ditch effort to prevent a full-scale war."
},
{
"text": "In 44 BC, Marcus Mettius was a moneyer (monetalis), one of four men (IIIIviri) minting both in his own name and in Caesar's. His fellow moneyers were L. Aemilius Buca, P. Sepulius Macer, and C. Cossutius Maridianus. Coins from this period with iconography of Juno Sospita bear the name of M. Mettius. The reverse of one coin[8] features Sospita in a biga (two-horse chariot) holding a shield and spear and wearing her distinctive goat-horned headdress."
}
] |
d5d902c00dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Who are the Aklanon people and who are they descendants of? | The Aklanon people are the ethnolinguistic group who lived in the province of Aklan. They are part of the wider Bisaya ethnolinguistic group, who constitute the largest Filipino ethnolinguistic group.The Aklanons are descendants of the Austronesian-speaking immigrants who came to the Philippines during the Iron Age. They got their name from the river Akean, which means where there is boiling or frothing. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The Aklanon people are the ethnolinguistic group who lived in the province of Aklan. They are part of the wider Bisaya ethnolinguistic group, who constitute the largest Filipino ethnolinguistic group . Aklanon form the majority in the province of Aklan in Panay ."
},
{
"text": "They are also found in other Panay provinces such as Iloilo, Antique, and Capiz, as well as Romblon. Like the other Visayans, Aklanons have also found their way to Metro Manila, Mindanao, and even the United States.HistoryThe Aklanons are descendants of the Austronesian-speaking immigrants who came to the Philippines during the Iron Age. They got their name from the river Akean, which means where there is boiling or frothing."
}
] |
d5d902f20dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What is Helfer and what has some industries use it to designate? | Helfer is a German word which translates as "Helper", and the word was used as a paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party between the years of 1938 and 1945.The word as a positional rank has occasionally been used by some corporations and industries, to designate a junior assistant to a more skilled employee. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The word as a positional rank has occasionally been used by some corporations and industries, to designate a junior assistant to a more skilled employee. \" Helfer \" is also a surname seen mostly throughout central Europe and the United States. Helfer is also the brand name of a Swiss watchmaker from Geneva."
},
{
"text": "Helfer is a German word which translates as \"Helper\", and the word was used as a paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party between the years of 1938 and 1945. The Nazi rank of Helfer was a junior position of the Political Leadership Corps, ranking only above Anwärter"
}
] |
d5d903560dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What type of sun-animalcules that are microbial eukaryotes were originally treated together as a formal taxon until it was discovered they are polyphyletic? | Heliozoa | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Originally the heliozoa were treated together as a formal taxon Heliozoa or Heliozoea, with the rank of class or phylum, but it has been realised that they are polyphyletic, as the various orders show notable differences and are no longer believed to be descended from a single common ancestor."
},
{
"text": "Heliozoa, commonly known as sun-animalcules, are microbial eukaryotes (protists) with stiff arms (axopodia) radiating from their spherical bodies, which are responsible for their common name.[1][2][3] The axopodia are microtubule-supported projections from the amoeboid cell body, and are variously used for capturing food, sensation, movement, and attachment. They are similar to Radiolaria, but they are distinguished from them by lacking central capsules and other complex skeletal elements, although some produce simple scales and spines.["
}
] |
d5d903880dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What is Product Life Cycle Management and where did its inspiration come from? | PLM describes the engineering aspect of a product, from managing descriptions and properties of a product through its development and useful life; its inspiration came from American Motors Corporation (AMC). | text | [] | [
{
"text": "PLM describes the engineering aspect of a product, from managing descriptions and properties of a product through its development and useful life; whereas, PLCM refers to the commercial management of life of a product in the business market with respect to costs and sales measures."
},
{
"text": "The inspiration for the burgeoning business process now known as PLM came from American Motors Corporation (AMC).[4][5] The automaker was looking for a way to speed up its product development process to compete better against its larger competitors in 1985, according to François Castaing, Vice President for Product Engineering and Development.["
}
] |
d5d903b00dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Abies pindrow and Abies amabilis are both types of what? | Fir trees | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The forest's vegetation is dominated by the Abies pindrow (Himalayan Silver Fir) species of conifer trees. It is located in the Western Himalayas region of the Himalayan Range System in southern Asia."
},
{
"text": "Abies amabilis, commonly known as the Pacific silver fir, is a fir native to the Pacific Northwest of North America, occurring in the Pacific Coast Ranges and the Cascade Range from the extreme southeast of Alaska, through western British Columbia, Washington and Oregon, to the extreme northwest of California."
}
] |
d5d903d80dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Where was Pisidisa located and which territory did it become a part of after the death of Alexander the Great? | Pisidia was a region of ancient Asia Minor located north of Lycia, bordering Caria, Lydia, Phrygia and Pamphylia, and corresponding roughly to the modern-day province of Antalya in Turkey. After Alexander died, the region became part of territories of Antigonus Monophthalmus, and possibly Lysimachus of Thrace, after which Seleucus I Nicator, founder of the Seleucid Dynasty of Syria, took control of Pisidia. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "After Alexander died, the region became part of territories of Antigonus Monophthalmus, and possibly Lysimachus of Thrace, after which Seleucus I Nicator, founder of the Seleucid Dynasty of Syria, took control of Pisidia. Under the Seleucids, Greek colonies were founded at strategically important places and the local people Hellenised."
},
{
"text": "Pisidia (/pɪˈsɪdiə/; Greek: Πισιδία, Pisidía; Turkish: Pisidya) was a region of ancient Asia Minor located north of Lycia, bordering Caria, Lydia, Phrygia and Pamphylia, and corresponding roughly to the modern-day province of Antalya in Turkey. Among Pisidia's settlements were Antioch(ia) in Pisidia, Termessos, Cremna, Sagalassos, Etenna, Neapolis, Selge, Tyriacum, Laodiceia Katakekaumene and Philomelium."
}
] |
d5d903f60dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | The questionnaire used to assess the fear of being laughed at has been translated into had samples taken from how many countries? | The GELOPH<15>, which assesses gelotophobia has had samples taken from 72 countries. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Gelotophobia is a fear of being laughed at, a type of social phobia. While most people do not like being laughed at, there is a sub-group of people that exceedingly fear it, and without obvious reasons, they relate laughter they hear to be directed at themselves."
},
{
"text": "There is a fifteen-item questionnaire for the subjective assessment of gelotophobia, e.g. the GELOPH<15>. This questionnaire has been used to show that gelotophobia exists, to varying degrees, in a normal population.[6] It has been found on every continent and has, so far, had samples taken from 72 countries and the GELOPH<15> has been translated into over 42 different languages."
}
] |
d5d9041e0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | The teachings of Gregory Palamas are a central element in what theology? | Palamism is a central element of Eastern Orthodox theology. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The central idea of the Palamite theology is a distinction between the divine essence and the divine energies that is not a merely conceptual distinction. Palamism is a central element of Eastern Orthodox theology, being made into dogma in the Eastern Orthodox Church by the Hesychast councils."
},
{
"text": "Palamism or the Palamite theology comprises the teachings of Gregory Palamas (c. 1296–1359), whose writings defended the Eastern Orthodox practice of Hesychasm against the attack of Barlaam. Followers of Palamas are sometimes referred to as Palamites.Seeking to defend the assertion that humans can become like God through deification without compromising God's transcendence, Palamas distinguished between God's inaccessible essence and the energies through which he becomes known and enables others to share his divine life"
}
] |
d5d904460dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What does the monstrous form of the giant water bug like to feed on? | Belostomatids feed on fish, amphibians and some feed on baby turtles and water snakes. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Belostomatids are aggressive predators that stalk, capture, and feed on fish, amphibians, as well as aquatic invertebrates such as snails and crustaceans. The largest species have also been found to capture and feed on baby turtles and water snakes."
},
{
"text": "The belostomatid is the monstrous form of its diminutive counterpart, a 5-inch-long “giant” water bug commonly known as a “toe-biter.” A monstrous belostomatid has a flattened, oval-shaped body measuring 12 feet long, and four rear, oarlike legs, which it uses to thrust through the water. The belostomatid’s front two legs are thick and end in sharp, single-tipped claws, which it uses to slay its prey."
}
] |
d5d9046e0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What was a lochos in ancient times in the country where the surname Stratigos is used? | 100-strong hoplite unit | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Stratigos ( Greek: Στρατηγός) is a Greek surname deriving from the Greek title for a general (cf. strategos ). This page lists people with the surname Stratigos. If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link."
},
{
"text": "Similarly, a lochagos normally commands a lochos (a word that originally meant \" warband \") , which in Ancient Greece was a 100-strong hoplite unit, but in modern Greek usage is equivalent to an infantry company."
}
] |
d5d904960dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What does lochos mean in modern times in the country where the surname Stratigos is used? | an infantry company | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Stratigos ( Greek: Στρατηγός) is a Greek surname deriving from the Greek title for a general (cf. strategos ). This page lists people with the surname Stratigos. If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link."
},
{
"text": "Similarly, a lochagos normally commands a lochos (a word that originally meant \" warband \") , which in Ancient Greece was a 100-strong hoplite unit, but in modern Greek usage is equivalent to an infantry company."
}
] |
d5d904b40dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | The voiced palatal approximant and voiced labialized palatal approximant both deal with what type of sound? | Consonantal | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The voiced labialized palatal approximant, also called the voiced labial–palatal or labio-palatal approximant, is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. It has two constrictions in the vocal tract: with the tongue on the palate, and rounded at the lips."
},
{
"text": "The voiced palatal approximant, or yod, is a type of consonant used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ j ⟩. The equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is j, and in the Americanist phonetic notation it is ⟨y⟩."
}
] |
d5d904dc0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | A palatal obturator would be placed inside what source of voiced labialized palatal approximants? | It would be placed inside the mouth | text | [] | [
{
"text": "In simpler terms, a palatal obturator covers any fistulas (or \"holes\") in the roof of the mouth that lead to the nasal cavity, providing the wearer with a plastic/acrylic, removable roof of the mouth, which aids in speech, eating, and proper air flow."
},
{
"text": "The voiced labialized palatal approximant, also called the voiced labial–palatal or labio-palatal approximant, is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. It has two constrictions in the vocal tract: with the tongue on the palate, and rounded at the lips."
}
] |
d5d905040dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Words like albergue, esculca, escuma are are more frequently considered to be Germanic loanwords incorporated into Vulgar Latin, possibly happening in what area that Gallia Aquitania was located in the southwest of? | Gaul | text | [] | [
{
"text": "One of the Germanic successor states to the Western Roman Empire, it was originally created by the settlement of the Visigoths under King Wallia in the province of Gallia Aquitania in southwest Gaul by the Roman government and then extended by conquest over all of Hispania."
},
{
"text": "Other words as albergue, esculca, escuma, fresco, gañar, guerra, helmo, roubar, sopa, teixón, xabrón, which can be found in all of the Western Romance languages, are more frequently considered to be Germanic loanwords incorporated into Vulgar Latin, maybe in Gaul."
}
] |
d5d905360dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What is the first word in the taxonomic classification of the Ambay pumpwood derived from? | Ancient Greek κέκρωψ | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Cecropia pachystachya, commonly known as Ambay pumpwood, is a species of tree in the family Urticaceae. It is native to Argentina, Paraguay and Brazil where it grows near the edges of moist forests."
},
{
"text": "Cecropia is a term derived from the Ancient Greek κέκρωψ ( kékrōps, Latinized: cecrops) which means \"face with a tail\" and refers to the mythical first king of Athens . \"Cecropia\" can refer to: Cecropia, a genus of trees from the American tropics"
}
] |
d5d905540dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Hernando de Soto saw the Mississippi river for the first time with conquistadors from a country where what phrase means dress sword? | Espada ropera | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Hernando de Soto and Spanish conquistadors seeing the Mississippi River for the first time. Contrary to popular belief, the conquistadors were not trained warriors, but mostly artisans seeking an opportunity to advance their wealth and fame. A few also had crude firearms known as Arquebus."
},
{
"text": "The Spanish term refers to a sword used with clothes (\"espada ropera\", dress sword), due to it being used as an accessory for clothing, usually for fashion and as a self-defense weapon. The 16th-century German rappier described what was considered a \"foreign\" weapon, imported from Italy, Spain or France."
}
] |
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