Problem:
Let \mathrm{popcount}(n) be the number of `1`s in the binary representation of n. For example, \mathrm{popcount}(3) = 2, \mathrm{popcount}(7) = 3, and \mathrm{popcount}(0) = 0.  Let f(n) be the number of times the following operation will be done when we repeat it until n becomes 0: "replace n with the remainder when n is divided by \mathrm{popcount}(n)." (It can be proved that, under the constraints of this problem, n always becomes 0 after a finite number of operations.)  For example, when n=7, it becomes 0 after two operations, as follows:    * \mathrm{popcount}(7)=3, so we divide 7 by 3 and replace it with the remainder, 1.   * \mathrm{popcount}(1)=1, so we divide 1 by 1 and replace it with the remainder, 0.  You are given an integer X with N digits in binary. For each integer i such that 1 \leq i \leq N, let X_i be what X becomes when the i-th bit from the top is inverted. Find f(X_1), f(X_2), \ldots, f(X_N).

Incorrect submission (verdict: Wrong Answer):
from math import ceil,floor,comb,factorial,gcd,pow,sqrt,log2,cos,sin,tan,acos,asin,atan,degrees,radians,pi,inf
from itertools import accumulate,permutations,combinations,product,combinations_with_replacement
from collections import deque,defaultdict,Counter
from bisect import bisect_left,bisect_right
from operator import itemgetter
from heapq import heapify,heappop,heappush
from copy import deepcopy
from time import time
import string
import sys
sys.setrecursionlimit(10 ** 7)
def input() : return sys.stdin.readline().strip()
def INT()   : return int(input())
def MAP()   : return map(int,input().split())
def LIST()  : return list(MAP())

n = INT()
x = input()
c = x.count('1')

y = 0
for i in range(n):
    y += int(x[i])*2**(n-1-i)
print(y)

for i in range(n):
    ans = 0
    if x[i] == '0':
        c_tmp = c + 1
        y_tmp = y + 2**(n-1-i)
    else:
        c_tmp = c - 1
        y_tmp = y - 2**(n-1-i)
    while y_tmp != 0:
        ans += 1
        y_tmp = y_tmp % c_tmp
        c_tmp = format(y_tmp,'b').count('1')
    print(ans)

Fixed, accepted submission:
from math import ceil,floor,factorial,gcd,sqrt,log2,cos,sin,tan,acos,asin,atan,degrees,radians,pi,inf
from itertools import accumulate,groupby,permutations,combinations,product,combinations_with_replacement
from collections import deque,defaultdict,Counter
from bisect import bisect_left,bisect_right
from operator import itemgetter
from heapq import heapify,heappop,heappush
from queue import Queue,LifoQueue,PriorityQueue
from copy import deepcopy
from time import time
from functools import reduce
import string
import sys
sys.setrecursionlimit(10 ** 7)
def input() : return sys.stdin.readline().strip()
def INT()   : return int(input())
def MAP()   : return map(int,input().split())
def MAP1()  : return map(lambda x:int(x)-1,input().split())
def LIST()  : return list(MAP())
def LIST1() : return list(MAP1())

def solve():
    N = INT()
    xbin = input()
    xdec = int(xbin, 2)
    m = xbin.count('1')

    a = xdec % (m+1)
    b = xdec % (m-1) if m > 1 else 0

    num = [0]*N
    for i in range(1, N):
        num[i] = num[i % bin(i).count('1')] + 1

    for i in range(N):
        if xbin[i] == '0':
            y = ( a + pow(2, N-i-1, m+1) ) % ( m+1 )
            print(num[y] + 1)
        elif m <= 1:
            print(0)
        else:
            y = ( b - pow(2, N-i-1, m-1) ) % ( m-1 )
            print(num[y] + 1)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    solve()