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Melanie Klein (née Reizes; 30 March 1882 – 22 September 1960) was an Austrian-British author and psychoanalyst known for her work in child analysis. She was the primary figure in the development of object relations theory. Klein suggested that pre-verbal existential anxiety in infancy catalyzed the formation of the unconscious, resulting in the unconscious splitting of the world into good and bad idealizations. In her theory, how the child resolves that split depends on the constitution of the child and the character of nurturing the child experiences; the quality of resolution can inform the presence, absence, and/or type of distresses a person experiences later in life. ==Life== Melanie Klein was born into a Jewish family and spent most of her early life in Vienna. She was the fourth and final child of parents Moriz, a doctor, and Libussa Reizes. Educated at the Gymnasium, Klein planned to study medicine. Her family's loss of wealth caused her to change her plans. At the age of 21 she married an industrial chemist, Arthur Klein, and soon after gave birth to their first child, Melitta. Her son Hans followed in 1907 and her second son Erich was born in 1914. While she would go on to bear two additional children, Klein suffered from clinical depression, with these pregnancies taking quite a toll on her. This and her unhappy marriage soon led Klein to seek treatment. Shortly after her family moved to Budapest in 1910, Klein began a course of therapy with psychoanalyst Sándor Ferenczi. It was during their time together that Klein expressed interest in the study of psychoanalysis. Encouraged by Ferenczi, Klein began her studies by observing her own children. Until this time, only minimal documentation existed on the topic of psychoanalysis in children, Klein took advantage of this by developing her "play technique". Similar to that of free association in adult psychoanalysis, Klein's play technique sought to interpret the unconscious meaning behind the play and interaction of children. During 1921, with her marriage failing, Klein moved to Berlin where she joined the Berlin Psycho-Analytic Society under the tutelage of Karl Abraham. Although Abraham supported her pioneering work with children, neither Klein nor her ideas received much support in Berlin. As a divorced woman whose academic qualifications did not even include a bachelor's degree, Klein was a visible iconoclast within a profession dominated by male physicians. Nevertheless, Klein's early work had a strong influence on the developing theories and techniques of psychoanalysis, particularly in Great Britain. Her theories on human development and defense mechanisms were a source of controversy, as they conflicted with Freud's theories on development, and caused much discussion in the world of developmental psychology. Around the same time Klein presented her ideas, Anna Freud was doing the very same. The two became unofficial rivals of sorts, amid the protracted debates between the followers of Klein and the followers of Freud. Amid these so-called 'controversial discussions', the British Psychoanalytical Society split into three separate training divisions: (1) Kleinian, (2) Freudian, and (3) Independent. These debates finally ceased with an agreement on a dual approach to instruction in the field of child analysis. ==Contributions to psychoanalysis== Klein was one of the first to use traditional psychoanalysis with young children. She was innovative in both her techniques (such as working with children using toys) and her theories on infant development. Gaining the respect of those in the academic community, Klein established a highly influential training program in psychoanalysis. By observing and analyzing the play and interactions of children, Klein built onto the work of Freud's unconscious mind. Her dive into the unconscious mind of the infant yielded the findings of the early Oedipus complex, as well as the developmental roots of the superego. Klein's theoretical work incorporates Freud's belief in the existence of the death pulsation, reflecting the notion that all living organisms are inherently drawn toward an "inorganic" state, and therefore, somehow, towards death. In psychological terms, Eros (properly, the life pulsation), the postulated sustaining and uniting principle of life, is thereby presumed to have a companion force, Thanatos (death pulsation), which seeks to terminate and disintegrate life. Both Freud and Klein regarded these "biomental" forces as the foundations of the psyche. These primary unconscious forces, whose mental matrix is the id, spark the ego—the experiencing self—into activity. Id, ego and superego, to be sure, were merely shorthand terms (similar to the instincts) referring to highly complex and mostly uncharted psychodynamic operations. == Infant observations == Klein’s work on the importance of observing infants began in 1935 with a public lecture on weaning. Klein states that mother–infant relationships are built on more than feeding and developing the infant’s attachment; the mother’s attachment and bond with her baby is just as important, if not more. Klein came to this conclusion by using actual observations of  herself and mothers that she knew. She described how infants show interest in their mothers' face, the touch of their mothers' hands, and the infants' pleasure in touching their mothers' breast. The relationship is built on affection that emerges very soon after birth. Klein says that as early as two months, infants show interest in the mother that goes beyond feeding. She observed that the infant will often smile up at the mother and cuddle against her chest. The way the infant reacts and responds to their mother's attitude and feelings, the love and interest which the infant shows, accounts for an object relation. Klein also goes on to say that infants recognize the joy that their achievements give their parents. These achievements include crawling and walking. In one observation, Klein says that the infant wishes to evoke love in their mother with their achievements. The infant wishes to give her pleasure. Klein says that the infant notices that their smile makes their mother happy and results in the attention of her. The infant also recognizes that their smile may serve a better purpose than their cry. Klein also talks about the "apathetic" baby. She says that it is easy to mistake a baby that does not particularly dislike their food and cries a little for a happy baby. Development later shows that some of these easy-going babies are not happy. Their lack of crying may be due to some kind of apathy. It is hard to assess a young person's state of mind without allowing for a great complexity of emotions. When these babies are followed up on we see that a great deal of difficulty appears. These children are often shy of people, and their interest in the external world, play, and learning is inhibited. They are often slow at learning to crawl and walk because there seems to be little incentive. They are often showing signs of neurosis as their development goes on. == Child analysis == While Freud's ideas concerning children mostly came from working with adult patients, Klein was innovative in working directly with children, often as young as two years old. Klein saw children's play as their primary mode of emotional communication. While observing children play with toys such as dolls, animals, plasticine, pencil and paper, Klein documented their activities and interactions, then attempted to interpret the unconscious meaning behind their play. Following Freud she emphasized the significant role that parental figures played in the child's fantasy life, and considered that the timing of Freud's Oedipus complex was incorrect. Contradicting Freud, she concluded that the superego was present from birth. After exploring ultra-aggressive fantasies of hate, envy, and greed in very young and disturbed children, Melanie Klein proposed a model of the human psyche that linked significant oscillations of state, with the postulated Eros or Thanatos pulsations. She named the state of the psyche in which the sustaining principle of life is in domination the depressive position. This is considered by many to be her great contribution to psychoanalytic thought. She later developed her ideas about an earlier developmental psychological state corresponding to the disintegrating tendency of life, which she called the paranoid-schizoid position. Klein's insistence on regarding aggression as an important force in its own right when analysing children brought her into conflict with Freud's daughter Anna Freud, who was one of the other prominent child psychotherapists in continental Europe but who moved to London in 1938 where Klein had been working for several years. Many controversies arose from this conflict, and these are often referred to as the controversial discussions. Battles were played out between the two sides, each presenting scientific papers, working out their respective positions and where they differed, during war-time Britain. A compromise was eventually reached whereby three distinct training groups were formed within the British Psychoanalytical Society, with Anna Freud's influence remaining largely predominant in the US == Object relation theory == Klein is known to be one of the primary founders of object relations theory. This theory of psychoanalysis is based on the assumption that all individuals have within them an internalized, and primarily unconscious realm of relationships. These relationships refer not only to the world around the individual, but more specifically to other individuals surrounding the subject. Object relation theory focuses primarily on the interaction individuals have with others, how those interactions are internalized, and how these now internalized object relations affect one's psychological framework. The term "object" refers to the potential embodiment of fear, desire, envy or other comparable emotions. The object and the subject are separated, allowing for a more simplistic approach to addressing the deprived areas of need when used in the clinical setting. Klein’s approach differed from Anna Freuds ego-psychology approach. Klein explored the interpersonal aspect of the structural model. In the mid-1920s, she thought differently about the first mode of defense. Klein thought it was expulsion while Freud speculated it was repression (Stein, 1990). Klein suggested that the infant could relate - from birth - to its mother, who was deemed either “good” or “bad” and internalized as archaic part-object, thereby developing a phantasy life in the infant. Because of this supposition, Klein’s beliefs required her to proclaim that an ego exists from birth, enabling the infant to relate to others early in life (Likierman & Urban, 1999). ==Influence on feminism== In Dorothy Dinnerstein’s book The Mermaid and the Minotaur (1976) (also published in the UK as The Rocking of the Cradle and the Ruling of the World), drawing from elements of Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis, particularly as developed by Klein, Dinnerstein argued that sexism and aggression are both inevitable consequences of child rearing being left exclusively to women. As a solution, Dinnerstein proposed that men and women equally share infant and child care responsibilities. This book became a classic of U.S. second-wave feminism and was later translated into seven languages. Feminists critical of Klein’s work have drawn attention to an unwarranted assumption of a natural causality connecting sex, gender and desire, stereotypical gender descriptions and in general a prescriptive normative privileging of heterosexual dynamics. ==In popular culture== Melanie Klein was the subject of a 1988 play by Nicholas Wright, entitled Mrs. Klein. Set in London in 1934, the play involves a conflict between Melanie Klein and her daughter Melitta Schmideberg, after the death of Melanie's son Hans Klein. The depiction of Melanie Klein is quite unfavorable: the play suggests that Hans' death was a suicide and also reveals that Klein had analysed these two children. In the original production at the Cottesloe Theatre in London, Gillian Barge played Melanie Klein, with Zoë Wanamaker and Francesca Annis playing the supporting roles. In the 1995 New York revival of the play, Melanie Klein was played by Uta Hagen, who described Melanie Klein as a role that she was meant to play. The play was broadcast on the British radio station BBC 4 in 2008 and revived at the Almeida Theatre in London in October 2009 with Clare Higgins as Melanie Klein. The indie band Volcano Suns dedicated their first record "The Bright Orange Years" to Klein for her work on childhood aggression. Scottish author Alexander McCall Smith makes extensive use of Melanie Klein and her theories in his 44 Scotland Street series. One of the characters, Irene, has an obsession with Kleinian theory, and uses it to "guide" her in the upbringing of her son, Bertie. ==Bibliography== Melanie Klein's works are collected in four volumes: The Collected Writings of Melanie Klein Books on Melanie Klein:* Robert Hinshelwood, Susan Robinson, Oscar Zarate, Introducing Melanie Klein, Icon Books UK 2003 Robert Hinshelwood, A Dictionary of Kleinian Thought, Free Association Books UK 1989 Robert Hinshelwood, Clinical Klein, Free Association Books UK 1993 Melanie Klein, 'The autobiography of Melanie Klein' ed. Janet Sayers with John Forrester, Psychoanalysis and History 15.2 (2013) pp. 127–63 Mary L Jacobus, "The Poetics of Psychoanalysis: In the Wake of Klein", Oxford University Press, 2006, Julia Kristeva, Melanie Klein (European Perspectives: A Series in Social Thought and Cultural Criticism) tr. Ross Guberman, Columbia University Press, 2004 Donald Meltzer (Information in French) "The Kleinian Development (New edition)", Publisher: Karnac Books; Reprint edition 1998, Donald Meltzer : "Dream-Life: A Re-Examination of the Psycho-Analytical Theory and Technique" Publisher: Karnac Books, 1983, Meira Likierman, "Melanie Klein, Her Work in Context" Continuum International, Paperback, 2002 Hanna Segal (Information in French): John Steiner (Information in French) : "Psychic Retreats" (...) relative peace and protection from strain when meaningful contact with the analyst is experienced as(...), Publisher: Routledge; 1993, C. Fred Alford, Melanie Klein and Critical Social Theory: An Account of Politics, Art, and Reason Based on Her Psychoanalytic Theory, Yale UP 1990 Herbert Rosenfeld (Information in French): * "Impasse and Interpretation: Therapeutic and Anti-Therapeutic Factors in the Psycho-Analytic Treatment of Psychotic, Borderline, and Neurotic Patients", Publisher: Tavistock Publications, 1987, Julia Segal: (1992). Melanie Klein. London: Sage. Ronald Britton: "Sex, Death, and the Superego: Experiences in Psychoanalysis", Publisher: Karnac Books; 2003, Ronald Britton: "Belief and Imagination", Publisher: Taylor & Francis LTD; 1998, Monique Lauret et Jean-Philippe Raynaud, "Melanie Klein, une pensée vivante", Presses Universitaires de France, 2008, ==See also== == References == ==Further reading== Phyllis Grosskurth, Melanie Klein: Her World and Her Work, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1986, Rustin, Margaret; Rustin, Michael (2016). Reading Klein - New Library of Psychoanalysis Teaching Series. Routledge, United Kingdom. . == External links == The personal papers of Melanie Klein are available for study at the Wellcome Collection. Melanie Klein in the Encyclopædia Britannica Biography, psychoanalytic techniques, theory Melanie Klein Trust Biography at 1882 births 1960 deaths Psychoanalysts from Vienna Jewish scientists Jewish psychoanalysts Austrian Jews Austro-Hungarian Jews Austrian emigrants to the United Kingdom British psychoanalysts Epistemologists Transdisciplinarity 20th-century psychologists Motivation theorists Positive psychologists Child development Developmental psychologists Stage theories Freudians Analysands of Karl Abraham Analysands of Sándor Ferenczi Object relations theorists 20th-century Austrian writers 20th-century women writers History of mental health in the United Kingdom

Melanie Klein

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Elamkulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad (13 June 1909 – 19 March 1998), popularly known as EMS, was an Indian communist politician and theorist, who served as the first Chief Minister of Kerala in 1957–1959 and then again in 1967–1969. As a member of the Communist Party of India (CPI), he became the first non-Congress Chief Minister in the Indian republic. In 1964, he led a faction of the CPI that broke away to form the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)). He completed his graduation from St. Thomas College, Thrissur. As chief minister, EMS pioneered radical land and educational reforms in Kerala, which helped it become the country's leader in social indicators. It is largely due to his commitment and guidance that the CPI(M), of which he was Politburo member and general secretary for 14 years, has become such a domineering political force, playing a vital role in India's new era of coalition politics. == Personal life == Elamkulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad was born on 13 June 1909, as the fourth son of Parameswaran Namboodiripad and Vishnudatha Antharjanam, at Elamkulam, situated on the banks of Thuthapuzha River, in Perinthalmanna taluk of the present Malappuram district into an aristocratic upper-caste Brahmin family. His two elder brothers died before he was born, and the third brother was intellectually disabled. He lost his father when he was five. In his early years, he was a close friend of Sr. P.M. Mathew. He was associated with V. T. Bhattathiripad, M. R. Bhattathiripad and many others in the fight against the casteism and conservatism that existed in the Namboothiri community. He became one of the office-bearers of Valluvanadu Yogaskshema Sabha, an organisation of progressive Namboothiri youth. During his college days, he was deeply associated with the Indian National Congress and the Indian independence movement. It is said he would walk 5–8 km to hear the firebrand Cochin politician V.J Mathai speak. He was well known for his stammer. When asked if he always stammered, he would reply, "No, only when I speak." EMS was married to Arya Antharjanam and had two sons - E. M. Sreedharan and E. M. Sasi - and two daughters - E. M. Malathy and E. M. Radha. His grandson (Sreedharan's son) Sujith Shankar is an actor. == Writings == He was a writer and author of several literary works and his book on the history of Kerala is notable. He described Mahatma Gandhi as a Hindu fundamentalist. EMS Athmakatha (E M S Autobiography) > Sahithya Academy Award winner, 1970 > Mooladhanam: oru mukhavura A History of Indian Freedom Struggle Keralam Malayalikalude Mathrubhumi Kerala charithram marxist veekshanathil The Frontline Years Selected Articles Indian swathanthryasamara charithram Gandhiyum Gandhisavum Gramscian vicharaviplavam The Mahatma and the Ism History, society, and land relations : selected essays Darshanathe Pati Oru indian communistinte ormakkurippukal Crisis into Chaos: Political India, 1981 Marxism oru paadapusthakam Charitravum Charitrarachanayum: Marxist Veekshanam Achuthamenon vyakthiyum rashtreeyavum Communist Party Keralathil Asanum Malayala Sahityavum Jathiyum Samudayavum Rashtreeyavum Yugangaliloode EMS-inte Thiranjedutha Prasangangal Kerala: yesterday today tomorrow == Socialism == In 1934, he was one of the founders of Congress Socialist Party, a socialist wing within the Indian National Congress, and elected as its All India Joint Secretary from 1934 to 1940. During this period, he was also elected to the Madras Legislative Assembly (1939). He remained committed to socialist ideals, and his compassion towards the working class led him to join the Communist movement. The Indian government considered him to be one of the founders of the Communist Party of India (CPI) in Kerala, forcing him to go into hiding. During the 1962 Sino-Indian war, he was among leaders who aired China's view on the border issue. When the CPI split in 1964, EMS stood with the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)). He was the leader of the Kerala state committee of CPI(M). He served as a member of the Central Committee and the Politburo of the CPI(M) until his death in 1998. EMS became general secretary in 1977, a designation he held until 1992. A Marxist scholar, he influenced the development of Kerala, of whom he was the first Chief Minister. == Election to state government == A Communist-led government under E. M. S. Namboodiripad resulted from the first elections for the new Kerala Legislative Assembly in 1957, making him the first communist leader in India to head a popularly elected government. It was one of the earliest elected Communist governments, after Communist success in the 1945 elections in the Republic of San Marino (a city-state surrounded by Italy).) It was also the first time for a regional party in India to win state elections. On 5 April 1957 he was appointed as the first chief minister of Kerala. His government introduced the Land Reform Ordinance and Education Bill. In 1959, the Central Government dismissed his government through the controversial Article 356 of the Indian Constitution following "The Liberation Struggle". Indira Gandhi convinced Nehru, who was hesitant to dismiss a democratically elected government, to make such a decision. Central Intelligence Agency's involvement in the ouster has been long suspected. Declassified CIA documents show that the first Communist government concerned them and "preventing additional Keralas became an important argument for augmenting U.S. assistance to India". According to the biography of former US Ambassador Ellsworth Bunker, "the election results rang alarm bells in Washington" He became the Chief Minister of Kerala for the second time in 1967 as the leader of a seven-party coalition (Saptakakshi Munnani) which included the CPI and Muslim League. Soon after becoming Chief Minister again, on 31 January 1968 he inaugurated a mechanised coir factory called Floorco in Pozhikkara, Paravur. This time his tenure lasted for two and a half years, and the government fell on 24 October 1969 due to internal conflicts within the constituent parties. Namboodiripad was the Leader of Opposition in the Kerala Legislative Assembly from 1960 to 1964 and again from 1970 to 1977. His vision of decentralisation of power and resources (People's Plan) and the Kerala Literacy Movement influenced Kerala society. He authored several books in English and Malayalam. Chintha Publication, Kerala has published all his books under the title, "E M S Sanchika". He also was well known as a journalist. ==As the head of ministries in the Kerala State Assembly== E. M. S. has led 2 ministries in Kerala. == Sino-Indian war and split in the Communist Party== During the 1962 Sino-Indian war, other parties portrayed left-wing parties as pro-China, since both were Communist. Namboodiripad stated that the left was focused on solving the border dispute through talks. == Association with Progressive Movement for Arts and Letters == Namboodiripad, Kesari Balakrishna Pillai, Joseph Mundassery, M. P. Paul and K. Damodaran were architects of "JeevalSahitya Prastanam", renamed Purogamana Sahitya Prastanam (Progressive Association for Arts and Letters). Though the party considered Kesari one of the visionaries of the Progressive Movement for Arts and Letters in Kerala, serious differences of opinion emerged between full-time Communist Party activists and other personalities, namely Kesari and Mundassery. In this context, Namboodiripad famously accused Kesari of being a "petit-bourgeois intellectual", an appellation he retracted. Namboodiripad also acknowledged some of the earlier misconceptions of the Communist Party with respect to the Progressive Literature and Arts Movement. This debate is known as "Rupa Bhadrata Vivadam", an important milestone in the growth of modern Malayalam literature. == Death == Despite his age and failing health, Namboodiripad was still active in political and social fields. He actively campaigned during the 1998 general election. Soon after the results were declared, he contracted pneumonia, and was admitted to the Cosmopolitan hospital in Thiruvananthapuram, where he died at 3:40 p.m (IST) on 19 March 1998, aged 88. He was cremated with full state honours in Thycaud electric crematorium in Thiruvananthapuram. Three more deaths occurred in his family within five years after his death, starting with his daughter-in-law Dr. Yamuna in August 2001, and later followed by his wife Arya Antharjanam in January 2002 and elder son E.M. Sreedharan in November 2002. == Bibliography == == In popular culture == In the 2014 film Vasanthathinte Kanal Vazhikalil, Sudheesh reprises the role of Namboodiripad. ==See also== Kerala Council of Ministers == References == == Further reading == ==External links== EMS Namboodiripad talking about how he became a communist in the 1930s and the development of the Indian communist movement 1909 births 1998 deaths Chief Ministers of Kerala Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from Kerala Government Victoria College, Palakkad alumni Indian atheists Indian reformers Brahmin Indian independence activists Malayali politicians Educators from Kerala St. Thomas College, Thrissur alumni Leaders of the Opposition in Kerala Chief ministers from Communist Party of India (Marxist) Chief ministers from Communist Party of India General Secretaries of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) Kerala MLAs 1960–1964 Kerala MLAs 1970–1977 Kerala MLAs 1977–1979 Indian political writers Indian male writers Writers from Kerala People from Malappuram district 20th-century Indian non-fiction writers 20th-century Indian educational theorists Malayalam-language writers Indian political philosophers 20th-century Indian philosophers Indian economics writers Indian Marxist journalists Indian Marxist writers 20th-century Indian journalists Journalists from Kerala Recipients of the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award Brahmins who fought against discrimination Anti-caste activists

E. M. S. Namboodiripad

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Year 171 (CLXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Severus and Herennianus (or, less frequently, year 924 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 171 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. == Events == === By place === ==== Roman Empire ==== Emperor Marcus Aurelius forms a new military command, the praetentura Italiae et Alpium. Aquileia is relieved, and the Marcomanni are evicted from Roman territory. Marcus Aurelius signs a peace treaty with the Quadi and the Sarmatian Iazyges. The Germanic tribes of the Hasdingi (Vandals) and the Lacringi become Roman allies. Armenia and Mesopotamia become protectorates of the Roman Empire. The Costoboci cross the Danube (Dacia) and ravage Thrace in the Balkan Peninsula. They reach Eleusis, near Athens, and destroy the temple of the Eleusinian Mysteries. May – June – Aelius Aristides, Greek orator, delivers a public speech in Smyrna, lamenting the damage recently inflicted to the sacred site of Eleusis. == Births == Sima Lang, Chinese official and politician (d. 217) Tian Yu, Chinese general and politician (d. 252) Xu Gan, Chinese philosopher and poet (d. 218) Zhao Yan, Chinese general and politician (d. 245) == Deaths == == References ==

171

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== May 2011 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to The Golden Kite, The Silver Wind, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism. ClueBot NG produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: The Golden Kite, The Silver Wind was changed by 71.128.202.98 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.954076 on 2011-05-05T18:16:17+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)

71.128.202.98

== June 2012 == Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Turbidity, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by an automated computer program called ClueBot NG. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism. ClueBot NG makes very few mistakes, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been considered as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again. If you need help, please see our help pages, and if you can't find what you are looking for there, please feel free to place "" on your talk page and someone will drop by to help. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Turbidity was changed by 24.17.118.227 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.968057 on 2012-06-13T04:18:41+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)

24.17.118.227

== October 2010 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Lamoille-4 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. The reverted edit can be found here. Thank you. Gfoley4 | Need to chat? My track record Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did with this edit to the page Lamoille-4 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012. Such edits constitute vandalism and are reverted. Please do not continue to make unconstructive edits to pages; use the sandbox for testing. Thank you. Wayne Olajuwon chat

72.92.153.11

Coleophora uniformis is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in Japan. The wingspan is 9–10 mm. ==References== uniformis Moths of Japan Moths described in 1965

Coleophora uniformis

==Welcome!== Hello 75.36.41.88, welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Our intro page contains a lot of helpful material for new users—please check it out! If you need help, visit Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place on this page, followed by your question, and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. You also might want to consider being "adopted" by an experienced user who would show you how wikipedia works through a program called adopt-a-user. — (talk) == Rampart scandal reference == Hey! Thanks for putting that in there. You were having trouble, because the references section is set up to display things which are cited inline. It's OK to put books in that aren't cited inline, but we usually put them in a further reading section, like I did there with that book. You can read CITE for detailed information on how to make citations, if you're interested.— (talk)

75.36.41.88

== June 2012 == Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is invited to contribute, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Beechcraft 1900, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Logical Cowboy (talk) If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

99.233.181.23

Ștefan Baiaram (born 31 December 2002) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a forward for CS Universitatea Craiova. ==Career statistics== ===Club=== ==Honours== Universitatea Craiova Cupa României: 2020–21 Supercupa României: 2021 ==References== ==External links== Ștefan Baiaram at 2002 births Living people People from Băilești Romanian footballers Romania youth international footballers Association football forwards Liga I players CS Universitatea Craiova players

Ștefan Baiaram

Rutland is a county in England. Rutland may also refer to: ==Places== Rutland Island, an island in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Indian Ocean ===Canada=== Rutland Park, Calgary, a neighbourhood of Calgary, Alberta, Canada Rutland, Kelowna, a neighbourhood of Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada Rutland, Saskatchewan, a community in Saskatchewan, Canada ===Ireland=== Rutland, Ireland, an island and electoral district in County Donegal ===United States=== Rutland, Illinois Rutland, Indiana Rutland, Iowa Rutland, Kentucky Rutland, Massachusetts, a New England town Rutland, New York Rutland, North Dakota Rutland, Ohio Rutland, South Dakota Rutland, Vermont (disambiguation) Rutland County, Vermont Rutland, Wisconsin, a town Rutland Township (disambiguation) ==Other uses== Rutland Railroad, which served the New England states of the United States Rutland State Airport, an airport in Rutland, Vermont Duke of Rutland, derived from the county in England Mr Rutland, a male osprey who nested near Rutland Water, England ==People with the name== Mark Rutland (born 1947), American missionary Patti Rutland, American choreographer Rutland Barrington (1853-1922), British entertainer Rutland Boughton (1878-1960), British composer ==See also==

Rutland (disambiguation)

The Press of Atlantic City is the fourth-largest daily newspaper in New Jersey, United States. Originally based in Pleasantville, it is the primary newspaper for southeastern New Jersey and the Jersey Shore. The newspaper designated market runs from Waretown in southern Ocean County (exit 69 on the Garden State Parkway) down to Cape May (exit 0). It also reaches west to Cumberland County. The paper has a combined print and digital daily circulation of 72,846 and a Sunday circulation of 95,626. The Press closed its printing facility in Pleasantville in 2014, at which time it outsourced printing to a facility in Freehold. That printing plant (owned by Gannett) closed in 2017, with most of the New Jersey printing and production operations consolidated in Gannett's Rockaway plant. Coverage focuses largely on local and regional news, with limited state, national and international news appearing on the Nation & World page in the Money section on page D3. The Press also publishes various other products, including At The Shore, the area's entertainment guide. Presented in tabloid format, it is inserted in the paper each Thursday and an additional 20,000–40,000 copies are bulk dropped to key tourist locations throughout the year. Other specialty niche publications include Bliss, a twice yearly bridal magazine; Real Estate Monthly; Summer Fun; The Atlantic County Living Guide; and The Cape May County Living Guide, among many others. Two branded editions of the paper, Press Extra and Sunday Saver, provide very limited coverage of the area. Because The Press focuses on local issues, with an emphasis on local and school events – particularly high school sports – other daily papers have penetration in the area. These include The Philadelphia Inquirer, the Asbury Park Press, Cherry Hill's Courier-Post and the Vineland Daily Journal. ==History== The newspaper was founded in 1895 by Walter Edge as the Atlantic City Daily Press. In 1930 the name of the paper was changed to the Atlantic City Press, and in 1971 the name was changed to The Press. In 1988, its name was changed again to The Press of Atlantic City, the name currently in use. The paper was owned from 1951–2013 by Abarta, a privately owned Pittsburgh-based holding company largely known for Coca-Cola bottling, and oil and gas operations in Pennsylvania. On January 14, 2013, Abarta officials announced they were selling the paper to focus on their other business operations. On July 18, 2013, an asset purchase agreement was signed with BH Media for $9.6 million and the paper became wholly owned by BH Media, a Berkshire Hathaway company, on August 11, 2013. In 2014, BH Media bought the Current and Gazette newspapers. In 2015, BH Media bought Atlantic City Weekly. == Business office personnel == Publisher: Mark L. Blum Vice President of Sales and Marketing: Michelle Rice Director of Circulation: Carol Steiger Director of Advertising: Michelle Rice Finance Manager: Ellen Wolcott Human Resources Manager: Gary Poetsch Director of Entertainment Publications: Scott Cronick == Editorial content personnel == Executive Editor: W.F. Keough Editorial Page Editor: Kevin Post ==Editions and subscription rates == The Press of Atlantic City is available in several formats. It is published in print and in several digital formats. In May 2013, the paper shifted from a traditional business model of separate paid subscriptions for print and digital, and created All Access Passes which give readers access to the news across all available platforms for one price. Current rates range from $16.50 a month for full digital access with Sunday home delivery or no home deliver, to $23.50 for seven-day print home delivery plus full digital access. The print newsstand rate is $1.00 for the daily edition, and $2.00 for Sunday. Prices are higher in Toms River and north. On October 15, 2011, became a paid content website, and was the first daily newspaper site in New Jersey to request payment for access to its digital content. It is also available in a replica e-edition that allows viewers to see the entire paper digitally as it appears each day in print, along with page-turning technology and links. In addition to news and sports, both web editions have local auto, real estate and job pages within the respective sites. Readers may currently view up to five pages on a free trial, after which they are asked to subscribe. == References == ==External links== The Press of Atlantic City Mobile version Press of Atlantic City, The Atlantic County, New Jersey Cape May County, New Jersey Cumberland County, New Jersey Press of Atlantic City Lee Enterprises publications

The Press of Atlantic City

== June 2012 == Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is invited to contribute, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Max B, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Logical Cowboy (talk) If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

24.31.8.129

Stavros Kotsopoulos (Σταύρος Κωτσόπουλος) was a Greek revolutionary chieftain of the Macedonian Struggle and the North Epirote Struggle, an irregular fighter in the Balkan Wars, and a member of the resistance in World War II. He was also known by his nom-de-guerre, Kapetan Banitsiotis. == Biography == He was born and raised in Banitsa (now Vevi) of Florina in the 1870s. He started his armed activities very early against the Bulgarian Komitadjis. After he performed several operations, he was wanted by the Ottoman authorities and chased by Bulgarian armed groups. For this reason, he fled to the United States in 1905. His intense actions against the Bulgarians (immigrants from Macedonia) and the constant clashes in which he participated made him wanted even in the United States. He escaped back to Macedonia. He was enlisted in the group of chieftain Nikolaos Andrianakis for the period 1907–1908. In 1908, he was arrested by the Ottoman authorities and imprisoned in Monastir (now Bitola). He was sentenced to death by the Ottoman court, but before his execution he managed to escape again and flee abroad. In 1909 he returned to Macedonia, head of an armed group consisting of 6 Cretans. His squad acted against the Bulgarian groups until the liberation of the region in 1912, killing the most dangerous Komitadjis in the area of his hometown, Banitsa. Later, he fought for the Independence of Northern Epirus (1914), during the Second World War and during the Axis occupation of Greece, developing strong resistance actions against the Italians (who occupied the Prespa region) and the Germans from 1941 to 1944. == Sources & References == Greek people of the Macedonian Struggle Prisoners and detainees of the Ottoman Empire Greek Macedonians Macedonian revolutionaries (Greek)

Stavros Kotsopoulos

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Sabdaljit

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72.93.251.225

== June 2012 == Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is invited to contribute, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Maragondon, Cavite, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you. - Briarfallen (talk)

2.89.237.81

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If you are hoping to bring the article to a higher standard it might help to check out the guidelines for film articles at MOSFILM. ==Things Don't Stay Fixed== Hi! I moved the article you created to Things Don't Stay Fixed as the film has not received significant coverage by independent sources. Films that have stand-alone articles generally must significant coverage by independent reliable sources per NF. Please continue to add to the draft when the subject receives more coverage, then submit the article for creation. Let me know if you have any questions! BOVINEBOY2008 ==Orphaned non-free image File:Movie Poster for Things Don't Stay == Thanks for uploading Movie Poster for Things Don't Stay . The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. 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Robert McClenon (talk) Wikipedians who have received a Teahouse invitation through AfC == Your submission at Articles for creation: Things Don't Stay Fixed (March 24) == Your recent article submission to Articles for Creation has been reviewed! Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time. The reasons left by AngusWOOF were:  The comment the reviewer left was: Please check the submission for any additional comments left by the reviewer. You are encouraged to edit the submission to address the issues raised and resubmit when they have been resolved. If you would like to continue working on the submission, go to Things Don't Stay Fixed and click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window. If you now believe the draft cannot meet Wikipedia's standards or do not wish to progress it further, you may request deletion. Please go to Things Don't Stay Fixed, click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window, add "" at the top of the draft text and click the blue "publish changes" button to save this edit. If you do not make any further changes to your draft, in 6 months, it will be considered abandoned and may be deleted. If you need any assistance, or have experienced any untoward behavior associated with this submission, you can ask for help at the , on the or use Wikipedia's real-time chat help from experienced editors. AngusW🐶🐶F (bark • sniff) ==Concern regarding Things Don't Stay Fixed== Hello, Med274. This is a bot-delivered message letting you know that Things Don't Stay Fixed, a page you created, has not been edited in at least 5 months. Draft space is not an indefinite storage location for content that is not appropriate for article space. If your submission is not edited soon, it could be nominated for deletion under CSD G13. 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Med274

Welcome! Hello, Daksh prajapat tiles works, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Unfortunately, one or more of the pages you created, such as Daksh prajapat tiles works, may not conform to some of Wikipedia's guidelines, and may soon be deleted. There's a page about creating articles you may want to read called Your first article. If you are stuck, and looking for help, please come to the New contributors' help page, where experienced Wikipedians can answer any queries you have! Or, you can just type on this page, and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Here are a few other good links for newcomers: Starting an article Your first article Biographies of living persons How to write a great article The five pillars of Wikipedia Help pages Tutorial I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Questions or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! Simple Bob a.k.a. The Spaminator (Talk) ==Speedy deletion nomination of Daksh prajapat tiles works== A tag has been placed on Daksh prajapat tiles works, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G11 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page seems to be unambiguous advertising which only promotes a company, product, group, service or person and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become an encyclopedia article. Please read the guidelines on spam and FAQ/Business for more information. If you think that this notice was placed here in error, contest the deletion by clicking on the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion," which appears inside of the speedy deletion () tag (if no such tag exists, the page is no longer a speedy delete candidate). Doing so will take you to the talk page where you will find a pre-formatted place for you to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. You can also visit the the page's talk page directly to give your reasons, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, you can contact one of these administrators to request that the administrator userfy the page or email a copy to you. Simple Bob a.k.a. The Spaminator (Talk) == Blocked == Your account has been blocked indefinitely from editing Wikipedia because it appears to be mainly intended or used for publicity and/or promotional purposes. Please read the following carefully. Why can't I edit Wikipedia? Your account's edits and/or username indicate that it is being used on behalf of a company, group, celebrity or other well-known individual, or organization for purposes of promotion and/or publicity. The edits may have violated one or more of our rules on spamming, which include: adding inappropriate external links, posting advertisements, and using Wikipedia for promotion. Wikipedia has many articles on companies, groups, and organizations, but such groups are generally discouraged from using Wikipedia to write about themselves. In addition, usernames like yours are disallowed under our username policy. Am I allowed to make these edits if I change my username? Probably not. See FAQ/Organizations for a helpful list of frequently asked questions by people in your position. Also, review the conflict of interest guidance to see the kinds of limitations you would have to obey if you did want to continue editing about your company, group, or organization. If this does not fit in with your goals, then you will not be allowed to edit again. Consider using one of the many websites that allow this instead. What can I do now? You are still welcome to write about something other than your company or organization. If you do intend to make useful contributions on some other topic, you must convince a Wikipedia administrator that you mean it. To that end, please do the following: Add the text on your user talk page. Replace the text "Your proposed new username" with a new username you are willing to use. See Listusers to search for available usernames. Your new username will need to meet our username policy. Replace the text "Your reason here" with your reason to be unblocked. In this reason, you must: If you believe this block was made in error, please see how to appeal a block. Atama頭

Daksh prajapat tiles works

== Summary == == Licensing ==

TeitokunoKetsudanJPBoxShotGenesis.jpg

BWA or Bwa may refer to: Baptist World Alliance Basketball Western Australia Billiards World Cup Association, a former carom-governing body Bosnian Wand Airlines, an airline of Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana, ISO 3-letter country code British Waterfowl Association, conservation, education and preservation Broadband Wireless Access, technology that provides high-speed wireless Internet access or computer networking access over a wide area Burrows-Wheeler Aligner, a bioinformatic tool (algorithm) to map short nucleotide sequences to a reference genome Bwa people of Burkina Faso and Mali Bwa languages, a branch of the Gur languages spoken by the Bwa people of Burkina Faso and Mali Bwa language, a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Baboa people of the Democratic Republic of the Congo British West Africa, The Gambia, Sierra Leone, Ghana, and Nigeria in the colonial era BWIA West Indies Airways, ICAO code and predecessor of Caribbean Airlines Caribbean Airlines, ICAO code Gautam Buddha Airport. IATA code Red Bull Big Wave Africa, a surfing competition ==See also== Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA)

BWA

== Welcome! == Hello, Annoying Orange Fan, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few links to pages you might find helpful: Introduction and Getting started Contributing to Wikipedia The five pillars of Wikipedia How to edit a page and How to develop articles How to create your first article Simplified Manual of Style You may also want to complete the Wikipedia Adventure, an interactive tour that will help you learn the basics of editing Wikipedia. You can visit the Teahouse to ask questions or seek help. Please remember to sign your messages on talk pages by typing four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically insert your username and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or , and a volunteer should respond shortly. Again, welcome!  I dream of horses  @

Annoying Orange Fan

Ustad Ali Quli was a Ottoman Turkish commander of the Mughal Empire. Under the reign of Babur, he commanded the artillery for his army. At the Battle of Panipat and Battle of Khanwa, he commanded his cannon batteries. His role in these battles as commander of the artillery was a vital one, as it was the rifleman and cannons under Mustafa Rumi and Ustad Ali Quli that won the day. ==Introduction of Ustad Ali Quli to Babur== Babur's early relations with the Ottomans were poor because the Ottoman Sultan Selim I provided Babur's rival Ubaydullah Khan with powerful matchlocks and cannons. In 1507, when ordered to accept Selim I as his rightful suzerain, Babur refused and gathered Qizilbash servicemen in order to counter the forces of Ubaydullah Khan during the Battle of Ghazdewan. In 1513, Selim I reconciled with Babur (fearing that he would join the Safavids), dispatched Ustad Ali Quli and Mustafa Rumi the matchlock marksman, and many other Ottoman Turks, in order to assist Babur in his conquests; this particular assistance proved to be the basis of future Mughal-Ottoman relations. From them, he also adopted the tactic of using matchlocks and cannons in field (rather than only in sieges), which would give him an important advantage in India. ==References== Mughal Empire people Year of birth missing Year of death missing 16th-century people of the Ottoman Empire

Ustad Ali Quli

== Quality of the article == I have added a clean up template to the article and cleaned up all of the current references. This article written like a high school book report, and this film is important enough to deserve better. SirkablaamTalk I didn't think it was that bad, but made a few improvements. Can we remove the template? The main problem is that I started the article, then my notes went into storage for eight years along with everything else I owned. I haven't found my notes yet.--Scottandrewhutchins (talk)

The Corbett-Fitzsimmons Fight

Ștefan Baiaram

== Welcome! == Hello, Aliciaqueendom, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few links to pages you might find helpful: Introduction and Getting started Contributing to Wikipedia The five pillars of Wikipedia How to edit a page and How to develop articles How to create your first article Simplified Manual of Style You may also want to complete the Wikipedia Adventure, an interactive tour that will help you learn the basics of editing Wikipedia. You can visit the Teahouse to ask questions or seek help. Please remember to sign your messages on talk pages by typing four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically insert your username and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or , and a volunteer should respond shortly. Again, welcome!  I dream of horses  @ == Ways to improve Beverly (singer) == Hello, Aliciaqueendom, Thank you for creating Beverly (singer). I have tagged the page as having some issues to fix, as a part of our page curation process and note that: The tags can be removed by you or another editor once the issues they mention are addressed. If you have questions, leave a comment here and prepend it with . And, don't forget to sign your reply with ~~~~. For broader editing help, please visit the Teahouse. Delivered via the Page Curation tool, on behalf of the reviewer. ---DOOMSDAYER520 (Talk|Contribs)

Aliciaqueendom

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Hidden Springs, Idaho

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You will be blocked from editing the next time you vandalize a page, as you did with this edit to Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire. Meph. == June 2011 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to The Zombie Survival Guide, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism. ClueBot NG produces very few false positives, but it does happen. 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69.136.17.213

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167.211.190.12

Willem "Wim" van Est (25 March 1923 – 1 May 2003) was a Dutch racing cyclist. He is best known for being the first Dutch cyclist to wear the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification in the Tour de France of 1951, and for falling into a ravine while wearing it. ==Biography== Van Est was born in the town of Fijnaart, in North Brabant, the 2nd child in a family of 16 children. His family was pushed into poverty in the aftermath of World War One and growing up he lived on a makeshift farm. During this time one of his brothers died at a very young age and his father had to make a coffin for the child, and ride several miles on his bike while carrying the coffin with his son inside to the local church to give the child a proper burial. During World War 2 the teenage Van Est began riding a considerable distance into Belgium smuggling tobacco and cheese which he would either sell or trade for soap, which he would return home with in order to sell on the Black Market. He was caught doing this during the war and had to serve six months in prison. After this, while the Nazi's occupied his homeland, the teenage Van Est got the idea cycling for sport. When the war was over and races began again he saw a local race and thought he could beat everyone, but it would take him five years to reach the pro level. He started his cycling career (as an amateur) in 1946, after a professional runner had seen him race in a local competition as part of a wager. His first major victory came in 1950, when he won the 600 km Bordeaux–Paris race. In 1951, Van Est was part of the Dutch team for the Tour de France. This would be the first time in his entire life he had ever seen mountains of this caliber, let alone tried riding up or descending one. In the 12th stage, from Agen to Dax, he escaped with a small group. He won the stage and gained 19 minutes on the leader, enough to move up to first place in the general classification. As the first Dutchman to wear the accompanying yellow jersey he was praised by the public and media at home. The next day, in defence of his position, Van Est was chasing the leaders on the descent of the Col d'Aubisque. He was following Fiorenzo Magni on the descent, a very strong rider who had already won two Giro's as well as two Tour Stages, who had superior descending skill. Due to a flat tyre (according to Van Est himself), in conjunction with snow melt and many loose stones on the road he lost control of his bike and went over the cliff. He instinctively kicked his bike away as he fell and of the riders, officials and fans, Belgian rider Roger Decock was the only person to see him go over the ravine. The ravine was approximately 1,000 feet or 300 meters deep, and much of it was steep enough that a falling person would continue falling all the way to the bottom. Van Est fell about 200 feet or 70 meters trying to grab at the saplings growing on the mountainside to break his fall. Fortunately he slowed and was able to grab hold of a small tree nearby a one meter wide outcrop, which he then made his way to. Even if he wanted to he could not climb back up or down, despite the fact he did not suffer any major injury. As Van Est precariously sat overlooking a several hundred foot drop he began screaming for help. Fortunately Decock stopped when Van Est went over, giving up his 5th place in the overall standings dropping to 17th by the end of the Tour as a result of the 25 minutes he lost assisting the Dutchman. When the Dutch team car arrived and were told what happened they screamed down the mountain for him for several minutes hearing nothing but echoes. After a few minutes they were able to find his approximate location. It took the team quite some time to tie together every single tire tube they had in order to make a rope that they hoped would reach him. After a great deal of time their 75 meter "rope" reached Van Est and he was able to use the tires to rig together a hoist which he put around his chest under both arms. Helped by spectators and his manager, he managed to get back to the road. Van Est wanted to continue, but was persuaded to go to the hospital because he had just crashed down a 200 foot ravine. At home, Van Est's fame grew even more when Pontiac, which had supplied watches to the Dutch team in the Tour de France, started an advertising campaign "Seventy meters deep I dropped, my heart stood still but my Pontiac never stopped". Later in his career, Van Est twice won the Ronde van Nederland, wore the yellow jersey again in 1955 and 1958, placed 8th in 1957 and won two more stages. Also, he won Bordeaux–Paris two more times, two national road titles, four national titles in the individual pursuit on the track, as well as three medals in the pursuit at the World Championships. Nevertheless, he remained most famous for the two days in the 1951 Tour de France. To remember this event, a monument was placed on the mountain 50 years after the event, on 17 July 2001. Wim van Est died in his hometown Sint Willebrord. His brothers Kees, Toon, Leen and Nico were also professional cyclists. His brother Piet was also a pro cyclist who rode in several Tours and won a stage in the 1961 Giro. ==Major results== 1947 1st Saarland Rundfahrt 1949 1st Dutch Individual Pursuit Champion 1st Stage 5 Ronde van Nederland 3rd World Individual Pursuit Championships 1950 1st Bordeaux–Paris 2nd World Individual Pursuit Championships 1951 1st Stage 12 Tour de France 2nd Bordeaux–Paris 1952 1st Dutch Individual Pursuit Champion 1st Overall Ronde van Nederland 1st Stage 4a 1st Stage 7 1st Nokere Koerse 1st Bordeaux–Paris 1953 1st Dutch Individual Pursuit Champion 1st Tour of Flanders 1st Stage 1 Giro d'Italia 1st Stage 16 Tour de France 1st Stage 2b Dwars door Vlaanderen 2nd Gent–Wevelgem 2nd Bordeaux–Paris 1954 1st Overall Ronde van Nederland 1st Stage 3 1st Stage 4 1st Stage 7 1st Stage 4b Tour de France 1st Overall Driedaagse van Antwerpen 2nd Bordeaux–Paris 1955 1st Dutch Individual Pursuit Champion 1st Stage 1b (TTT) Tour de France 2nd Overall Ronde van Nederland 1st Stage 2 1st Stage 7 3rd World Individual Pursuit Championships 1956 1st Dutch Road Race Championship 1st Dutch Motor-paced Champion 2nd Overall Ronde van Nederland 1st Stage 8a 3rd Overall Driedaagse van Antwerpen 1st Stage 2b (TTT) 1st Stage 3a 1st GP Stad Vilvoorde 2nd Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne 1957 1st Dutch Road Race Championship 2nd Overall Ronde van Nederland 1st Stage 4 1st Stage 6 1958 1st Duth Motor-paced Champion 1960 1st Stage 7 Ronde van Nederland 1961 1st Bordeaux–Paris == See also== List of Dutch cyclists who have led the Tour de France general classification ==References== == External links == Official Tour de France results for Wim van Est More extensive story of Van Ests fall in 1951 Contemporary newsreel footage of the crash (in French) 1923 births 2003 deaths Dutch male cyclists Dutch Tour de France stage winners People from Moerdijk Dutch Giro d'Italia stage winners UCI Road World Championships cyclists for the Netherlands Sportspeople from North Brabant

Wim van Est

{| |} SM U-39 was a German Type U 31 U-boat which operated in the Mediterranean Sea during World War I. It ended up being the second most successful U-boat participating in the war, sinking 149 merchant ships for a total of 404,774 GRT. Its longest-serving captain was Kptlt. Walther Forstmann, who was awarded the Pour le Mérite during command on U-39. From January to mid-1917, Martin Niemöller served as U-39's coxswain. He is known as the author of the poem "First they came" which is inscribed at the New England Holocaust Museum. As an enemy of the Third Reich, he was imprisoned from 1938-1945 in Sachsenhausen and Dachau. In 1917 and 1918, Karl Dönitz served as watch officer on this boat. He later became Grand Admiral and Commander in Chief of the German Navy, and, for three weeks, the 4th President of Germany. ==Design== German Type U 31 submarines were double-hulled ocean-going submarines similar to Type 23 and Type 27 subs in dimensions and differed only slightly in propulsion and speed. They were considered very good high sea boats with average manoeuvrability and good surface steering. U-39 had an overall length of , her pressure hull was long. The boat's beam was (o/a), while the pressure hull measured . Type 31s had a draught of with a total height of . The boats displaced a total of ; when surfaced and when submerged. U-39 was fitted with two Germania 6-cylinder two-stroke diesel engines with a total of for use on the surface and two Siemens-Schuckert double-acting electric motors with a total of for underwater use. These engines powered two shafts each with a propeller, which gave the boat a top surface speed of , and when submerged. Cruising range was at on the surface, and at under water. Diving depth was . The U-boat was armed with four torpedo tubes, two fitted in the bow and two in the stern, and carried 6 torpedoes. Additionally U-39 was equipped in 1915 with one Uk L/30 deck gun, which was replaced with a in 1916/17. The boat's complement was 4 officers and 31 enlisted. ==Fate== On 27 April 1918, U-39 sailed from Pola under command of Kapitänleutnant Heinrich Metzger, for operations in the Western Mediterranean. On 17 May, together with , U-39 operated against a convoy North of Oran, from which it sank the British steamer Sculptor (4,874 GRT) in a submerged attack. At 13:50 on 18 May, when in a position , U-39 was attacked by two French seaplanes. It crash-dived, but when reaching a depth of 12 meters two bombs exploded very close; the after torpedo room flooded, the diving planes were destroyed, and the boat began sinking by the stern. Kptlt. Metzger ordered the tanks blown and U-39 surfaced, but the heavy damage suffered prevented diving again. Metzger was forced to lay a course for the nearest Spanish harbour, Cartagena. At about 17:00, U-39 was attacked again by two seaplanes; it fought back with gun and machine-guns, and the enemy bombs caused no damage, but during the action two crewmen (sailor Schulz and stoker Hausottl) fell overboard and were lost. In the evening U-39 reached Cartagena and was interned for the remainder of the war. It was surrendered to France on 22 March 1919 and was broken up at Toulon in 1923. ==Summary of raiding history== ==References== ===Notes=== ===Citations=== ==Bibliography== ==External links== German Type U 31 submarines U-boats commissioned in 1915 World War I submarines of Germany 1914 ships Ships built in Kiel

SM U-39

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Drnaidu2k

== Chart history == {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan=2|Issue date ! rowspan=2|No. ofdebuts ! rowspan=2|Hot Shot Debut ! rowspan=2|Artist(s) ! colspan=2| Chart position ! rowspan=2| Weekson chart ! rowspan=2| Peak week ! rowspan=2| |- ! Debut ! Peak |- !scope="row"|January 7 |9 |"Both" |Gucci Mane featuring Drake |colspan=2|41 |22 |January 7, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|January 14 |9 |"Moves" |Big Sean |71 |38 |19 |February 25, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|January 21 |5 |"Sober Saturday Night" |Chris Young featuring Vince Gill |92 |47 |11 |March 4, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|January 28 |5 |"Shape of You" |Ed Sheeran |colspan=2|1 |59 |January 28, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|February 4 |7 |"Paris" |The Chainsmokers |7 |6 |20 |March 11, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|February 11 |8 |"Fast" |Luke Bryan |81 |58 |13 |April 22, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|February 18 |11 |"Body Like a Back Road" |Sam Hunt |38 |6 |41 |April 22, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|February 25 |13 |"No Favors" |Big Sean featuring Eminem |colspan=2|22 |3 |February 25, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|March 4 |13 |"Chained to the Rhythm" |Katy Perry featuring Skip Marley |colspan=2|4 |15 |March 4, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|March 11 |10 |"Tunnel Vision" |Kodak Black |27 |6 |20 |March 25, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|March 18 |9 |"Stay" |Zedd and Alessia Cara |28 |7 |31 |May 6, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|March 25 |10 |"Perfect" |Ed Sheeran |37 |1 |57 |December 23, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|April 1 |6 |"No Frauds" |Nicki Minaj, Drake, and Lil Wayne |colspan=2|14 |7 |April 1, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|April 8 |24 |"Passionfruit" |Drake (musician)|Drake |colspan=2|8 |20 |April 8, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|April 15 |4 |"The Heart Part 4" |rowspan=2|Kendrick Lamar |colspan=2|22 |2 |April 15, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|April 22 |13 |"Humble" |2 |1 |37 |May 6, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|April 29 |9 |"Sign of the Times" |Harry Styles |colspan=2 rowspan=2|4 |13 |April 29, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|May 6 |19 |"DNA" |Kendrick Lamar |20 |May 6, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|May 13 |6 |"There's Nothing Holdin' Me Back" |Shawn Mendes |44 |6 |34 |August 26, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|May 20 |10 |"I'm the One" |DJ Khaled featuring Justin Bieber, Quavo, Chance the Rapper, and Lil Wayne |colspan=2|1 |22 |May 20, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|May 27 |4 |"Malibu" |Miley Cyrus |64 |10 |15 |June 3, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|June 3 |7 |"Rollin'" |Calvin Harris featuring Future and Khalid |colspan=2|62 |4 |June 3, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|June 10 |9 |"Strip That Down" |Liam Payne featuring Quavo |42 |10 |28 |September 16, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|June 17 |10 |"Somethin Tells Me" |Bryson Tiller |colspan=2|74 |1 |June 17, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|June 24 |9 |"Down" |Fifth Harmony featuring Gucci Mane |colspan=2|42 |10 |June 24, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|July 1 |7 |"2U" |David Guetta featuring Justin Bieber |colspan=2|16 |11 |July 1, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|July 8 |6 |"Wild Thoughts" |DJ Khaled featuring Rihanna and Bryson Tiller |4 |2 |21 |July 29, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|July 15 |5 |"Signs" |Drake |colspan=2|36 |6 |July 15, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|July 22 |6 |"Mi Gente" |J Balvin and Willy William |70 |3 |30 |October 21, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|July 29 |16 |"The Story of O.J." |Jay-Z |colspan=2|23 |3 |July 29, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|August 5 |4 |"A Lie" |French Montana featuring The Weeknd and Max B |colspan=2|75 |1 |August 5, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|August 12 |10 |"Back to You" |Louis Tomlinson featuring Bebe Rexha and Digital Farm Animals |colspan=2|40 |10 |August 12, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|August 19 |12 |"You Da Baddest" |Future and Nicki Minaj |colspan=2|38 |2 |August 19, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|August 26 |8 |"The Race" |Tay-K |70 |44 |19 |September 23, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|September 2 |6 |"Silence" |Marshmello featuring Khalid |42 |30 |23 |December 30, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|September 9 |8 |"Friends" |Justin Bieber and BloodPop |colspan=2|20 |10 |September 9, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|September 16 |20 |"Jocelyn Flores" |XXXTentacion |31 |19 |20 |June 30, 2018 | |- !scope="row"|September 23 |6 |"...Ready for It?" |Taylor Swift |colspan=2|4 |20 |September 23, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|September 30 |9 |"Too Good at Goodbyes" |Sam Smith |5 |4 |24 |November 25, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|October 7 |5 |"Rockstar" |Post Malone featuring 21 Savage |2 |1 |41 |October 28, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|October 14 |6 |"I Fall Apart" |Post Malone |65 |16 |30 |January 3, 2018 | |- !scope="row"|October 21 |6 |"Hi Bich" |Bhad Bhabie |colspan=2|68 |1 |October 21, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|October 28 |7 |"Almost Like Praying" |Lin-Manuel Miranda featuring Artists for Puerto Rico |colspan=2|20 |1 |October 28, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|November 4 |7 |"High End" |Chris Brown featuring Future and Young Thug |colspan=2|82 |2 |November 4, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|November 11 |11 |"Gorgeous" |Taylor Swift |colspan=2|13 |4 |November 11, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|November 18 |6 |"MotorSport" |Migos, Nicki Minaj, and Cardi B |14 |6 |21 |December 30, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|November 25 |7 |"Call It What You Want" |Taylor Swift |colspan=2|27 |2 |November 25, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|December 2 |7 |"Walk on Water" |Eminem featuring Beyoncé |colspan=2|14 |4 |December 2, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|December 9 |10 |"Échame la Culpa" |Luis Fonsi and Demi Lovato |colspan=2|47 |20 |December 9, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|December 16 |6 |"Mic Drop" |BTS featuring Desiigner |colspan=2|28 |10 |December 16, 2017 | |- !scope="row"|December 23 |7 |"Him & I" |G-Eazy and Halsey |21 |14 |20 |February 24, 2018 | |- !scope="row"|December 30 |6 |"Never Be the Same" |Camila Cabello |61 |6 |37 |May 12, 2018 | |}

The Emperah/sandbox/Music/Charts/List of the Billboard Hot 100 Hot Shot Debut singles of 2017

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Lycaena candens is a small butterfly found in the Palearctic (Southeast Europe and Caucasus) that belongs to the lycaenids or blues family. ==Subspecies== L. c. leonhardi (Fruhstorfer, 1917) L. c. pfeifferi (Beuret, 1952) Caucasus, Transcaucasia ==Description from Seitz== The males have no blue sheen and the forewing above is entirely golden brown in the females; the black margin of the upperside is narrower in both sexes. ==Biology== The larva on feeds on Rumex ==See also== List of butterflies of Russia ==References== Lycaena

Lycaena candens

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SJF0711

== November 2011 == Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to A Town, a Team, and a Dream, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism. ClueBot NG produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: A Town, a Team, and a Dream was changed by 69.119.197.81 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.957659 on 2011-11-20T01:46:33+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)

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== Welcome! == Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions so far. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are some links to pages you may find useful: Contributing to Wikipedia Tutorial How to edit a page and How to develop articles Simplified Manual of Style You don't have to log in to read or edit articles on Wikipedia, but if you wish to acquire additional privileges, you can simply . It's free, requires no personal information, and lets you: Create new pages and rename pages Edit semi-protected pages Upload images Have your own watchlist, which shows when articles you are interested in have changed Note that in order for the first three features to be available, you must have had an account for a certain number of days and made a certain number of edits. If you edit without using a named account, your IP address (78.63.84.145) is used to identify you instead. I hope that you, as a Wikipedian, decide to continue contributing to our project: an encyclopedia of human knowledge that anyone can edit. If you need help, check out Questions, or you can to ask for help on your talk page, and a volunteer should respond shortly. We also have an intuitive guide on editing if you're interested. By the way, please make sure to sign and date your talk page comments with four tildes (~~~~). Happy editing!  I dream of horses  @ ==Overlinking== Please take a look at OVERLINK to familiarize yourself with Wikipedia's guidelines regarding what should not be linked. Thanks! AtticusX (talk) Thanks for taking heed of this advice. Daniel Case (talk) Please be mindful of adding links to articles that refer to commonly understandable ideas as recently added at Isdal Woman. I have reverted these as not needed as per OVERLINK. Thanks. JabberJaw (talk) == January 2020 == Please refrain from making test edits in Wikipedia pages, such as those you made to Disappearance of Suzy Lamplugh, even if you intend to fix them later. Your edits have been reverted. If you would like to experiment again, please use the sandbox. You have already been warned for attempting to overlink. Please stop now. Thank you. David J Johnson (talk) If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits referred to above, consider creating an account for yourself or logging in with an existing account so that you can avoid further irrelevant notices. == December 2021 == Hello. This is a message to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions, such as the edit you made to Bassheads, did not appear to be constructive and have been reverted. Please take some time to familiarise yourself with our policies and guidelines. You can find information about these at our welcome page which also provides further information about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. If you only meant to make test edits, please use the sandbox for that. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you may leave a message on my talk page. Thank you. Mr Eat (talk)

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Eidos-Montréal is a Canadian video game developer based in Montreal. The studio is owned by Square Enix Europe (formerly Eidos Interactive), a subsidiary of Square Enix. == History == Eidos Interactive announced plans to open a Montreal-based subsidiary studio in February 2007. Eidos-Montréal formally opened with general manager Stéphane D'Astous on 26 November 2007. According to D'Astous, unlike other video game development studios, Eidos-Montréal's development cycle as characterized by smaller teams (totalling to 350) working over a longer period. The same year as its founding, the studio announced its first project: the third installment of the Deus Ex series, Human Revolution, which was released in 2011. In 2009, the studio announced its second project, the fourth installment of the Thief series. On 4 March 2014, Square Enix announced that 27 employees were laid off from Eidos-Montréal. Stéphane D'Astous resigned from Eidos Montréal on 19 July 2013, citing irreconcilable differences with parent company Square Enix. On January 26, 2017, Eidos-Montréal announced a partnership with Marvel Entertainment to create multiple video games based on the Avengers franchise. As of May 2018, the studio has over 500 employees. In April 2018, YouTuber George Weidman (Super Bunnyhop) reported on a cancelled video game codenamed "Fantasy Project W". In an interview with PCGamesN, studio head David Anfossi said he couldn't comment, but found the video "very well done" and "very funny to watch". He explained that, within the video game industry, projects are often started but eventually cancelled. Eidos-Montréal and Square Enix announced a new research and development studio, Eidos-Sherbrooke, in June 2020, which will initially operate remotely by the end of 2020 and will move to a permanent location in southern Quebec in 2021. It will be led by Julien Bouvrais with initially 20 staff with plans to grow to 100. Eidos-Sherbrooke was envisioned to take advantage of the nearby Université de Sherbrooke and Bishop's University and bring in new computing technology from these schools into their games. On June 13, 2021, during their panel for E3 2021, it was announced that the company would be developing a game based on Guardians of the Galaxy. == Games developed == == References == == External links == 2007 establishments in Quebec Canadian companies established in 2007 Companies based in Montreal Square Enix Video game companies established in 2007 Video game companies of Canada Video game development companies Canadian subsidiaries of foreign companies

Eidos-Montréal

I Don't Want to Be Born is a 1975 British directed by Peter Sasdy and starring Joan Collins, Ralph Bates, Eileen Atkins, and Donald Pleasence. Its plot follows a woman who gives birth to a child that appears to be demonically possessed. The film was originally marketed as a straight-faced and serious product, and as such was comprehensively mauled by critics of the time. However it later gained a reputation as a cult film favourite due to its perceived shortcomings, absurdities and unintentional camp comedy appeal. It was released in the United States under the alternate title The Devil Within Her. Other alternate titles include The Monster and Sharon's Baby. == Plot == Lucy (Collins) is working as a dancer in a sleazy strip joint. Her stage act includes a routine with a dwarf named Hercules (George Claydon). One night after the show, she invites Hercules into her dressing-room for a drink. He declines the drink but starts to rub Lucy's neck and shoulders. Lucy feels uncomfortable but tries to pretend nothing is happening, until Hercules makes a sudden lunge for her breasts, causing her to scream out in shock. This alerts the stage manager Tommy (John Steiner), who rushes into the dressing-room and sends Hercules unceremoniously on his way, then proceeds to make love to Lucy. Later as Lucy leaves the club she is confronted by the spurned and humiliated Hercules, who curses her with the words "You will have a baby...a monster! An evil monster conceived inside your womb! As big as I am small and possessed by the devil himself!" Months pass and Lucy has left her stripping days behind, having moved up in the world via marriage to the wealthy Italian Gino Carlesi (Bates) and now comfortably settled in a grand Kensington townhouse. Lucy goes into hospital to give birth to the baby she is expecting. It proves to be a protracted, dangerous and painful delivery as the baby is a hefty 12-pounder. The newborn infant is handed to Lucy, and seconds later she is sporting a slashed and bleeding cheek. "He scratched me! With his sharp nails!" she exclaims in horror to her obstetrician Dr. Finch (Pleasence), who calmly explains that the baby must have been alarmed at being held too tightly. Lucy and Gino bring the baby home and are welcomed by their efficient, no-nonsense housekeeper Mrs. Hyde (Hilary Mason). Things get off to a bad start when Mrs. Hyde goes to chuck the baby's chin, only to regret it. "The little devil bit me!" she says as she displays her crushed finger. She takes an instant dislike to the child, and is later rewarded with a dead mouse in her cup of tea. Lucy's attempts at maternal bonding are fraught with problems. She is visited by her friend Mandy (Caroline Munro) and is voicing her concerns when they are interrupted by a series of crashings from upstairs. To their horror, they find the baby in his cot but the nursery practically demolished. Gino's sister Albana (Atkins), a nun, arrives from her convent in Italy to visit her new nephew. Immediately aware that all is not well, she invites Gino to pray with her for the baby, which results in agonising screams from the nursery. Dr. Finch is consulted, and agrees to carry out a series of tests. Lucy meanwhile finds the burdens of motherhood too much to bear alone, and employs a nurse (Janet Key) to look after the baby. After a near-miss when the nurse's head is pulled underwater while bathing the baby, matters take a deadly turn when she takes him for a walk in the park. Reaching out from his pram, he pushes her with such force that she falls, cracks her head on a lakeside rock, falls unconscious into the water and is drowned. Lucy pays a visit to Tommy at the strip club. She intimates that, given the timing of the birth, there is a chance the baby could be his. "Just ’cause you’ve got some freaky offspring you wanna pin it on me?" he asks. However his curiosity is aroused and he asks to see the "spooky kid". Once at the house he leans over to peer into the baby's cot, only to reel back with a smashed and bloody nose for his trouble. This temporarily pushes the baby up in Lucy's estimation and she gazes lovingly at him, until the face in the cot turns into that of Hercules. One evening Gino plans a romantic night-in to take Lucy's mind off her woes. At the end of a successful evening, he goes to check on the baby, only to find the nursery empty, the window open and odd noises coming from the garden. Going out to investigate, he looks up into a tree, whereupon a noose is thrust around his neck and he is hauled into the air and hanged. His body is stuffed down a drain. The following day Lucy criss-crosses London in a frenzy trying to find her missing husband. Dr. Finch is summoned and pays an evening call to check on the baby and the distraught Lucy. After administering a powerful sedative to Lucy, he too hears strange noises. He unwisely steps out into the garden, and is decapitated with a spade (while still standing up). The trail of death continues as Lucy stumbles through the house in a groggy haze, pleading for her life to no avail as she is stabbed through the heart with a pair of scissors. Finally galvanized into action, Albana decides that she must perform an exorcism on the baby. Brandishing a crucifix at him and incanting in Latin, she bravely persists as the room shakes and the baby tears at her vestments. Meanwhile, at the strip club Hercules is on stage, and begins to stagger around in pain. Albana finally touches the crucifix to the baby's head, and his demons are cast out at the same time as Hercules falls over dead in front of a stunned audience. == Cast == Joan Collins as Lucy Carlesi Ralph Bates as Gino Carlesi Eileen Atkins as Sister Albana Donald Pleasence as Dr. Finch Hilary Mason as Mrs. Hyde Caroline Munro as Mandy Gregory John Steiner as Tommy Morris George Claydon as Hercules Janet Key as Jill Fletcher Derek Benfield as Police Inspector Stanley Lebor as Police Sergeant Judy Buxton as Sheila Andrew Secombe as Delivery Boy Floella Benjamin as Nurse == Reputation == I Don't Want to Be Born was initially a target of critical scorn. A damning review by Andrew Nickolds of Time Out described the film as "derivative and disastrous in every respect: a poor idea ... an abominable screenplay by Stanley Price ("I keep getting these awful premonitions"), ludicrous acting ... and worst of all, Sasdy's direction. Almost every foot of film not concerned with the baby is travelogue at its most banal – extraneous shots of Westminster and Oxford Street, plugs for Fortnum & Mason and Holiday Inns. Completing this sorry tale of rip-off is borrowing from The Exorcist ... and any number of details from Amicus, Hammer and Swinging London horrors. Give it a wide berth." An American reviewer found the film "sensational and vulgar" and "an unholy cross" between The Exorcist and Rosemary's Baby, adding "why decent actors like Eileen Atkins and Donald Pleasence allowed themselves to be corralled into a mess like this is enigmatic." As The Devil Within Her, Roger Ebert named it as his "Dog of ", drawing the same comparisons to The Exorcist put forth by Nickolds, while adding "the kid must have been a sound effects man in a previous incarnation because he makes noises like squad car sirens and stones banging around at empty garbage cans. He's also good at murdering everybody in the family even the family doctor, who is played by Donald Pleasence as if he wanted to be somewhere else and for that matter . . . so did I." From the 1980s, the film became a regular feature on late-night TV in the UK and U.S., attracting ironic appreciation from connoisseurs of the "so-bad-it's-good" school of films. The factors which were originally ridiculed now became selling points to this audience, including the incoherent, implausible and ill-explained plot; wild overacting and a general air of absurd hysteria; laughably overwrought, clumsy and stilted dialogue, the bizarre accents adopted by Bates and Atkins; the inclusion of a lengthy, completely gratuitous and archetypally-1970s sex scene between Collins and Bates, and the spectacle of several well-respected actors of the time making fools of themselves. The tongue-in-cheek British Horror Films website sums up the film's appeal as: "There are some films that just defy description. I Don't Want to Be Born ranks very highly among them. The film is ... an out-and-out classic. And it was apparently made completely straight-faced. Quite how unbelievable that statement is can only be appreciated when the film is watched." == References == == External links == British films 1975 films 1975 horror films British horror films English-language films Films set in London Films shot at Pinewood Studios Films scored by Ron Grainer Films directed by Peter Sasdy Films about striptease

I Don't Want to Be Born

== November 2011 == Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Emerald, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism. ClueBot NG produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Emerald was changed by 110.55.77.110 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.913441 on 2011-11-20T01:46:50+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)

110.55.77.110

Pauline, Idaho

Ron Stander (born October 17, 1944) is a retired professional boxer, who fought from 1969 to 1982. The highlight of Stander's pro career came on May 25, 1972 when he challenged for the world heavyweight championship in Omaha, Nebraska. Stander lost to champion Joe Frazier by fifth-round technical knockout when the ring doctor stopped the fight after the fourth round. Prior to his unsuccessful match versus Frazier, Stander had scored a fifth-round knockout victory over hard-punching Earnie Shavers in 1970, and a decision win over contender Thad Spencer in 1971. An award-winning documentary titled "The Bluffs Butcher," after his adopted hometown of Council Bluffs, Iowa, produced by journalism student Andrew Batt, was released in 2004. The documentary told the story of Iowa's arguably best shot at a World Heavyweight Boxing Title and chronicled Stander's journey from virtual unknown to boxing's largest stage. ==Frazier-Stander Fight== Ron Stander was largely an unknown commodity when he was given the opportunity to fight for the world heavyweight title in Omaha. The fight prompted Stander's then wife Darlene Stander, to famously compare it to putting a Volkswagen to compete at the Indianapolis 500 race, when she said "You don't take a Volkswagen into the Indy 500, unless you know of a hell of a shortcut" It marked the first time a world heavyweight title fight had been held in Nebraska. Stander had a solid 23-1-1 record entering the bout and was clearly the fans' favorite based on the huge, enthusiastic ovation he received when he was introduced. Frazier was the undefeated champion and entered the ring as a 10-1 betting favorite. He was booed after being introduced. Both men employed the same aggressive fighting style of pushing forward and fighting at close quarters, which made for an exciting contest. Stander was quite competitive in the first round, even buckling Frazier's knees with one blow late in the round. However, by the second round, Frazier's superiority in class began to show and the champion was getting the better of the frequent exchanges. In the third round Frazier opened a cut on the bridge of Stander's nose and severely staggered him late in the round. Stander was not knocked down, however. By the fourth round Stander was bleeding profusely from the cut and again was badly staggered towards the end of the round as Frazier landed numerous telling blows to Stander's face. Between rounds four and five the fight was stopped by veteran referee Zack Clayton on the advice of the ring doctor. Officially Frazier was credited with a victory by a fifth-round technical knockout. ==Professional boxing record== |- |align="center" colspan=8|38 Wins (29 knockouts, 9 decisions), 21 Losses (9 knockouts, 12 decisions), 3 Draws |- | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Result | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Record | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Opponent | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Type | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Round | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Date | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Location | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Notes |-align=center |Loss |38–21–3 |align=left| Otis Bates |PTS |10 |July 6, 1982 |align=left| Little Rock, Arkansas, United States |align=left| |- |Loss |38–20–3 |align=left| Les Myers |TKO |6 |October 24, 1981 |align=left| Dodge City, Kansas, United States | |- |Loss |38–19–3 |align=left| Jeff May |UD |4 |June 25, 1981 |align=left| Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States |align=left| |- |Draw |38–18–3 |align=left| Otis Bates |PTS |10 |July 27, 1980 |align=left| Omaha, Nebraska, United States |align=left| |- |Loss |38–18–2 |align=left| Jeff Shelburg |PTS |10 |May 24, 1980 |align=left| Salt Lake City, Utah, United States |align=left| |- |Loss |38–17–2 |align=left| James Tillis |TKO |7 |March 3, 1980 |align=left| Chicago, Illinois, United States | |- |Loss |38–16–2 |align=left| Scott Frank |TKO |1 |January 8, 1980 |align=left| Totowa, New Jersey, United States | |- |Loss |38–15–2 |align=left| Tom Fischer |PTS |10 |August 24, 1979 |align=left| Cincinnati, Ohio, United States |align=left| |- |Win |38–14–2 |align=left| Jim Pearish |TKO |5 |August 16, 1979 |align=left| North Platte, Nebraska, United States |align=left| |- |Loss |37–14–2 |align=left| James Dixon |UD |12 |June 25, 1979 |align=left| Omaha, Nebraska, United States |align=left| |- |Loss |37–13–2 |align=left| James Dixon |UD |10 |April 28, 1979 |align=left| Omaha, Nebraska, United States |align=left| |- |Win |37–12–2 |align=left| Rick Howe |TKO |5 |April 3, 1979 |align=left| Marshalltown, Iowa, United States |align=left| |- |Win |36–12–2 |align=left| Charles Atlas |KO |1 |November 29, 1978 |align=left| Council Bluffs, Iowa, United States |align=left| |- |Win |35–12–2 |align=left| Charley Polite |UD |10 |October 25, 1978 |align=left| Omaha, Nebraska, United States |align=left| |- |Win |34–12–2 |align=left| Bill Jackson |KO |1 |July 26, 1978 |align=left| Omaha, Nebraska, United States |align=left| |- |Win |33–12–2 |align=left| Jesus Montes |KO |3 |June 20, 1978 |align=left| Little Rock, Arkansas, United States |align=left| |- |Win |32–12–2 |align=left| Clyde Mudgett |TKO |4 |March 23, 1978 |align=left| Omaha, Nebraska, United States |align=left| |- |Loss |31–12–2 |align=left| Horace Robinson |KO |5 |November 30, 1977 |align=left| White Plains, New York, United States |align=left| |- |Win |31–11–2 |align=left| Raul Hernandez |KO |4 |November 15, 1977 |align=left| Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States |align=left| |- |Loss |30–11–2 |align=left| Boone Kirkman |TKO |7 |July 19, 1977 |align=left| Seattle, Washington, United States |align=left| |- |Loss |30–10–2 |align=left| Gerrie Coetzee |KO |8 |July 17, 1976 |align=left| Kensington, Johannesburg, South Africa |align=left| |- |Win |30–9–2 |align=left| Beau Williford |KO |3 |June 1, 1976 |align=left| Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States |align=left| |- |Loss |29–9–2 |align=left| Ken Norton |TKO |5 |April 30, 1976 |align=left| Landover, Maryland, United States | |- |Win |29–8–2 |align=left| Jesus Montes |KO |3 |January 26, 1976 |align=left| Little Rock, Arkansas, United States |align=left| |- |Win |28–8–2 |align=left| Willie Jackson |KO |1 |January 6, 1976 |align=left| Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States |align=left| |- |Loss |27–8–2 |align=left| Scott LeDoux |UD |10 |December 10, 1975 |align=left| Bloomington, Minnesota, United States |align=left| |- |Win |27–7–2 |align=left| Terry Daniels |TKO |1 |November 20, 1975 |align=left| Omaha, Nebraska, United States |align=left| |- |Win |26–7–2 |align=left| Morris Jackson |TKO |2 |September 4, 1975 |align=left| Omaha, Nebraska, United States |align=left| |- |Win |25–7–2 |align=left| Bruce Scott |TKO |2 |August 5, 1975 |align=left| Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States | |- |Loss |24–7–2 |align=left| Fred Askew |UD |10 |May 7, 1975 |align=left| Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States |align=left| |- |Loss |24–6–2 |align=left| Rodney Bobick |UD |10 |July 31, 1974 |align=left| Bloomington, Minnesota, United States |align=left| |- |Draw |24–5–2 |align=left| Morris Jackson |PTS |10 |March 22, 1974 |align=left| Omaha, Nebraska, United States |align=left| |- |Loss |24–5–1 |align=left| Charlie James |PTS |10 |February 19, 1974 |align=left| Honolulu, Hawaii, United States |align=left| |- |Loss |24–4–1 |align=left| Jeff Merritt |TKO |3 |November 28, 1973 |align=left| Cleveland, Ohio, United States | |- |Win |24–3–1 |align=left| Walker Smith |TKO |3 |September 10, 1973 |align=left| Providence, Rhode Island, United States |align=left| |- |Loss |23–3–1 |align=left| John Jordan |UD |10 |March 29, 1973 |align=left| Portland, Maine, United States |align=left| |- |Loss |23–2–1 |align=left| Joe Frazier |TKO |5 |May 25, 1972 |align=left| Omaha, Nebraska, United States |align=left| |- |Win |23–1–1 |align=left| Johnny Mac |UD |10 |March 20, 1972 |align=left| Council Bluffs, Iowa, United States |align=left| |- |Win |22–1–1 |align=left| Mike Boswell |UD |10 |February 14, 1972 |align=left| Omaha, Nebraska, United States | |- |Loss |21–1–1 |align=left| Rico Brooks |SD |10 |January 22, 1972 |align=left| Denver, Colorado, United States | |- |Win |21–0–1 |align=left| Clyde Brown |TKO |3 |December 20, 1971 |align=left| Elgin, Illinois, United States | |- |Win |20–0–1 |align=left| Jesse Crown |KO |3 |October 26, 1971 |align=left| Omaha, Nebraska, United States | |- |Win |19–0–1 |align=left| Manuel Ramos |UD |10 |August 26, 1971 |align=left| Omaha, Nebraska, United States | |- |Win |18–0–1 |align=left| Jack O'Halloran |UD |10 |July 29, 1971 |align=left| Omaha, Nebraska, United States | |- |Win |17–0–1 |align=left| Lee Carr |KO |6 |May 24, 1971 |align=left| Omaha, Nebraska, United States | |- |Win |16–0–1 |align=left| Thad Spencer |UD |10 |April 23, 1971 |align=left| Omaha, Nebraska, United States | |- |Win |15–0–1 |align=left| Frank Bullard |KO |6 |March 30, 1971 |align=left| Omaha, Nebraska, United States | |- |Win |14–0–1 |align=left| Joe Murphy Goodwin |KO |1 |November 3, 1970 |align=left| Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States | |- | Draw |13–0–1 |align=left| Manuel Ramos |PTS |10 |September 17, 1970 |align=left| Omaha, Nebraska, United States | |- |Win |13–0 |align=left| Bill Hardney |KO |1 |August 28, 1970 |align=left| Omaha, Nebraska, United States | |- |Win |12–0 |align=left| Ray Ellis |TKO |3 |July 17, 1970 |align=left| Omaha, Nebraska, United States | |- |Win |11–0 |align=left| Eddie Dembry |UD |8 |June 8, 1970 |align=left| Omaha, Nebraska, United States | |- |Win |10–0 |align=left| Earnie Shavers |KO |5 |May 11, 1970 |align=left| Omaha, Nebraska, United States | |- |Win |9–0 |align=left| Woody Parks |TKO |1 |April 9, 1970 |align=left| Omaha, Nebraska, United States | |- |Win |8–0 |align=left| Joe Harris |KO |4 |March 23, 1970 |align=left| Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States | |- |Win |7–0 |align=left| Lee Powell |KO |1 |March 2, 1970 |align=left| Omaha, Nebraska, United States | |- |Win |6–0 |align=left| Roy Rodriguez |UD |6 |January 29, 1970 |align=left| Waterloo, Iowa, United States | |- |Win |5–0 |align=left| Joe Byrd |PTS |6 |December 19, 1969 |align=left| Omaha, Nebraska, United States | |- |Win |4–0 |align=left| Wilbert Elbert |KO |1 |November 17, 1969 |align=left| Omaha, Nebraska, United States | |- |Win |3–0 |align=left| Lee Estes |TKO |2 |September 29, 1969 |align=left| Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States | |- |Win |2–0 |align=left| Red Ferris |KO |1 |August 15, 1969 |align=left| Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States | |- |Win |1–0 |align=left| Bobby Street |KO |1 |August 7, 1969 |align=left| Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States |style="text-align:left;"| |} ==References== ==External links== 1944 births Living people American male boxers Heavyweight boxers

Ron Stander

The Santorum Amendment was a failed proposed amendment to the 2001 education funding bill (which became known as the No Child Left Behind Act), proposed by Republican Rick Santorum (then a United States Senator for Pennsylvania), which promoted the teaching of intelligent design while questioning the academic standing of evolution in US public schools. In response, a coalition of 96 scientific and educational organizations wrote a letter to the conference committee, urging that the amendment be stricken from the final bill, arguing that evolution is, in the scientific fields, regarded as fact and that the amendment creates the misperception that evolution is not fully accepted in the scientific community, and thus weakens science curricula. The words of the amendment survive in modified form in the Bill's Conference Report and do not carry the weight of law. As one of the Discovery Institute intelligent design campaigns it became a cornerstone in the intelligent design movement's "Teach the Controversy" campaign. ==History== The origin of the amendment can be traced back to 2000, when leading intelligent design (ID) proponents through the Discovery Institute, a conservative Christian think tank that is the hub of the intelligent design movement, held a congressional briefing in Washington, D.C., to promote their agenda to lawmakers. Sen. Rick Santorum was one of intelligent design's most vocal supporters on Capitol Hill. One result of this briefing was that in 2001 Senator Santorum proposed incorporating pro-intelligent design language, crafted in part by the Discovery Institute's Center for Science and Culture, into the No Child Left Behind bill. It portrayed evolution as generating "much continuing controversy" and not widely accepted, using the Discovery Institute's Teach The Controversy method. In proposing the amendment, Santorum addressed the Congress: Santorum then went on to quote David DeWolf, a Senior Fellow of the Discovery Institute's Center for Science and Culture, as how the Institute's agenda was justified and would benefit students. Phillip E. Johnson, retired UC Berkeley law professor, leading proponent of intelligent design, founding advisor of the Discovery Institute's Center for Science and Culture, and "father" of the intelligent design movement, assisted Santorum in phrasing the amendment. Johnson says that he is the author of the original amendment. On June 14, 2001, the amendment was passed as part of the education funding bill by the Senate on a vote of 91-8. This was hailed as a major victory by proponents of intelligent design and other creationists; for instance an email newsletter by the Discovery Institute contained the sentence "Undoubtedly this will change the face of the debate over the theories of evolution and intelligent design in America ... It also seems that the Darwinian monopoly on public science education, and perhaps the biological sciences in general, is ending." Senator Sam Brownback of Kansas cited the amendment as vindicating the 1999 Kansas school board decision (since overturned) to eliminate evolution questions from state tests. The House version of the bill H.R. 1 did not contain the amendment, which meant that a conference committee had to decide its ultimate fate. Scientists and educators feared that by singling out biological evolution as very controversial, the amendment could create the impression that a substantial scientific controversy about evolution exists, leading to a lessening of academic rigor in science curricula. A coalition of 96 scientific and educational organizations signed a letter to this effect to the conference committee, urging that the amendment be stricken from the final bill, which it was, but intelligent design supporters on the conference committee preserved it in the bill's legislative history. While the amendment did not become law, a version of it appears in the Conference Report as an explanatory text about the legislative history and purposes of the bill. However, it has no legal force per se. The final text of the Santorum Amendment as included in the Conference Report reads: Despite the amendment lacking the weight of law, the conference report is constantly cited by the Discovery Institute and other ID supporters as providing federal sanction for intelligent design. In response to criticisms of the Institute stating that the amendment was a federal education policy requiring inclusion of alternatives to evolution be taught, which it was not, in 2003 intelligent design's three most prominent legislators, John Boehner, Judd Gregg and Santorum provided a letter to the Discovery Institute giving it the go ahead to invoke the amendment as evidence of "Congress's rejection of the idea that students only need to learn about the dominant scientific view of controversial topics". This letter was also sent to executives on the Ohio Board of Education and the Texas Board of Education, both of which were subject to Discovery Institute intelligent design campaigns at the time. ==Scientific community's response== The position of scientists and science educators has been that although evolution has generated a great deal of political and philosophical debate it is, in the scientific fields, regarded as fact. They said that the amendment creates a misperception that evolution is not fully accepted in the scientific community, and thus weakens science curricula. As a response, a coalition of 96 scientific and educational organizations wrote a letter to the conference committee, urging that the amendment be stricken from the final bill. In addition, opponents of the amendment cite the stated agenda of the Discovery Institute's Phillip Johnson use of the "Wedge strategy" to "affirm the reality of God by challenging the domination of materialism and naturalism in the world of the mind" and thereby return Christian creationism in the guise of intelligent design to public school classrooms. Along with the Academic Bill of Rights, the Santorum Amendment and its "Teach the Controversy" approach is viewed by some academics as a threat to academic freedom. ==See also== Intelligent design in politics Natural science ==References== ==Further reading== Washington Post article noting Santorum's drawing upon Discovery Institute material for the amendment ==External links== Link to Conference Report with text Commentary, history and links from the Discovery Institute web site Professor Ken Miller's claim that the Discovery Institute wrongly stated the Santorum Amendment was part of the Education Bill. Discovery Institute's Response to Ken Miller's accusations Intelligent design controversies Discovery Institute campaigns Rick Santorum

Santorum Amendment

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Cj11002

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Eosaph

Pillar Falls

== Summary == Poster for the 1975 British film, I Don't Want to Be Born. Source: ==Rationale of fair use for I Don't Want to Be Born== This image is used to represent the film and illustrate how it was promoted during its original theatrical release. It is of much lower resolution than the original (copies made from it will be of very inferior quality). It does not limit the copyright owner's rights to market or sell the work in any way. This image is used on various websites, so its use on Wikipedia does not make it significantly more accessible or visible than it already is. The image is being used in an informative way and should not detract from the original work. No free or public domain images have been located for this item. == Licensing == Fair use images of film posters

IDWTBB.jpg

==Syria== Why does the map have Syria colored? Syria does not have French as an official language (see or I understand that Syria was a former French colony, but the map labels light blue as "official language". I changed the map to the one from until someone gets a better map. To bad .. the map was awesome. Kitplane01 (talk) ==Significant non members (United Kingdom)== Looking through the significant 'non members' of the Francaphonie, I am surprised to see the absence of the United Kingdom. French is the most popular foreign language in the UK and 23% of British residents claim they can speak French. This I believe is more significant than some of the official observers such as Slovakia who can simply say that 2% can speak French. I believe this is a case to put the UK forward as a significant non member. This is also not to mention the huge number of French expats living in major British cities and studying in French 'lycées' on British Land. This presents the French culture in many British neighbourhoods and it's still evident that people taking French in the UK is on the rise. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.155.252.31 (talk) Well, add it then! Aaker (talk) :Francophonie, like the British Council, is a post-colonial entity exercising a neo-colonial agenda of promoting language and national interests. Hence they're essentially rival international players. Britain would not join Francophonie, just as France would not join the British Council. A greater proportion of French people speak English than English people speak (talk) ==Name== Article might be misnamed. See french wkipedia article on "Francophonie", I quote: "En outre, on confond parfois la francophonie en tant que concept avec l'Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF), organisation beaucoup plus politique et économique que culturelle, qui regroupe un certain nombre de pays qui ne sont pas pour autant ceux où le français est fréquemment utilisé ou reconnu officiellement." This article is only discussing the political organisation, which at least in French is not to my knowledge often referred to as "la Francophonie". Is this really what people call it in English? Even if this is the case the article could benefit from distinction between francophonie and the OIF; numerous members of latter are not normally thought of as being in former. == Human rights== I am tempted to delete the paragraph related to the observancy of human rights and I will do it unless someone timmmy is my best firends me that it is essential to keep it. It is irrelevant to the spirit and contents of this page. Otherwise we should include it in practically any single page of the wikipedia. Pedron "Several of the member states have a poor record when it comes to the protection of human rights and the practice of democracy. A proposed measure to sanction such countries was debated at least twice, but was not approved." temptation was too strong for me, of course this paragraph was totally irrelevant and absolutely non neutral. Why do not add a paragraph about the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki or the one of Dresden by the British? The nations the most prompts of giving democracy lessons are not necessarily the legitimate ones if you know what i mean. We also could add a paragraph or two about The Great Upheaval of the French spokers Acadians by the Americans, wich is described by some as an ethnical cleansing. Another paragraph could note the Cajun prosecution in Louisiana when the Americans have prohibited the use of French wich was their native language! We could also add a reference to the British treatment of the forbidden children born of British and natives in Australia! How they were separated from their family to be "humanized" and get proper education, those who were assassinated. Yes there are many irrelevant things to reveal about those who consider themselves as teachers of the Human Rights. Synchronicity I The paragraph is relevant because other similar organisations do make a point of promoting democracy and human rights. Is it appropriate for prominent democracies such as France to associate with less salubrious regimes without making an overt effort to promote good governance? EdC In fact, the promotion of human rights and democracy are stated as official goals of the oganisation. Check the website. 12:07, 5 September 2006 Taciturnus AFAIK (from what i red in the fr vers and watched on french TV about the creation/promo of a new sat channel) this OIF organisation is NOT political, but only economical and cultural. British editors tends to compare it with Commonwealth wich is totally different. This is actually a way for the french to promote and to sell overseas their own artists, writers, publishers, French speaking satellite TV channels and TV shows and series!! this is it! The french uses the fear of uniformisation of cultures (understand the americanization of cultures), wich is associated to anglophony, as an excuse. The true purpose is mercantilism of the french culture. Francophonie is an international economical network linking sellers (French publishers etc) and buyers (former colonies) with each others to create a french culture market. Since there is no more colonial expeditions, now they use "francophonie" as a new vehicle for an economical/cultural imperialism. Oh, OK. I think that has helped me understand the situation. Still, the comparison with the Commonwealth has been and will be made, and deserves at least to be touched on. EdC Francophonie's geostrategical importance is minor, even though people consuming french products and french culture will more easily support france's international political views. The Commonwealth, geostrategic? Actually, I suppose it is in a way. EdC I don't think france is that much a democracy, as many foreign political observers (and even some french university teachers) describes it more as a monarchy in disguise with a few priviliged people inc. the president, of course, who had amnestied his friends (see the polemical, recent, "Guy Drut" case) and even himself! This is not a direct democracy like Switzerland (mainly because the latter is a small scaled state). there's not that much referendums in france (its said to be too expensive!!), but how could it be true democracy when nobody asks the people before acting?! Well, direct democracy has its own problems, as do referenda. Not that it couldn't work elsewhere, but Switzerland is a pretty special case. Have you read Why Switzerland? () - I very much recommend it. Also, while certainly the énarques run everything in France, it still retains a certain democratic cachet - liberté and all that. EdC "Is it appropriate for prominent democracies such as France to associate with less salubrious regimes without making an overt effort to promote good governance?" i'm sorry to tell, but what you're saying now is just the colonialist's traditional speech. france (and nobody, being the british, or the americans) is legitimate to promote any kind of "good governance" in a country. What is a "good" governance? how can you define "good"? is it on a religious aspect? wich religion? yours? them? what is "good" and what is not is defined by each culture. no country is legitimate to promote a specific governance into a foreign civilization. what about the right to self-determination for each people that was granted by WWII winners wich included the 2 major colonialists Britain & France ?? the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights is NOT universal since its intrinsic "universality" was self-proclaimed by UN members of that time who claimed that THEY were the humanity and that THEY were universal, but this is bullshit since there is no universality in this declaration wich was proclaimed by a bunch of christians countries who were the WWII winners. Nobody asked the Chinese nor the Indians whose populations covers half of the whole humanity, nobody asked the muslims while its the second world religion. This is a well known and ancient tendencie named Ethnocentrism, since the beginning, the colonial expeditions led by the British and the French were Europeocentrists, they considered themselves both as the center of the world and as the standard of humanity just like the Romans, or the Athenians before them, calling all non-Athenians as barbarian wich is pejorative for non-greek (ie "non-human") spoken languages. But no country is legitimate to promote a political regime over another one to a civilization that is older and who didn't asked such advice. Each People has the right to self-determination THIS is a legitimate universal right. Synchronicity I Well, to me the rights of the individual trump a people's right to self-determination. (A viewpoint shared not only by crazy anarcho-liberals like myself - of which there are a fair number on Wikipedia - but also pretty much anyone who finds themselves on the receiving end of their people's "right to self-determination". Oh, and "there is no such thing as society".) "Good governance" - is a fairly technical term in the context of international development, actually. The Wikipedia article of that name does a pretty fair job of exploring its facets. It's a fairly empirical concept, the idea - borne out to a degree by historical evidence - being that countries which work towards good governance will do better (on metrics such as HDI) than countries which do not. I don't think mention of alleged WWII war crimes is relevant to the article. Mention of previous French-speaking populations in the now United States could well be appropriate, if written in an appropriate historical context. I don't think the experience of Australian native populations is relevant, unless of course they were French-speaking. (Were they?) EdC :it wasn't relevant, it was just cynicism, a reminder, a demonstration the british nor the americans are legitimate to promote human rights in foreign countries, nor to judge or condamn local political views abroad, they are not even legitimate to do this in an "encylopedia". considering their own History, these human rights teachers are absolutely not legitimate to get a such arrogant attitude toward foreign countries. Synchronicity I :: Well, that's one opinion. Another is that now recognising past mistakes, the richer countries are bound to help the nationals of poorer and less free countries towards the rights and privileges their own citizens enjoy. By the way, "legitimate" can't be used as a part of speech in the way you have done above. (No, I have no idea why.) I would suggest "have the right to"; I don't think there's a direct Latinate equivalent. (Perhaps "are entitled to", but that's subtly different in tone.) EdC Not very relevant.... Several former English colonies have a poor record when it comes to the protection of human rights and the practice of democracy. Ericd And why is that relevant? Aaker And Commonwealth of Nations mentions that organisation's policy on human rights: "... placing moral pressure on members who violate international laws, such as human rights laws, and abandon democratically-elected government ...". Human rights policy is a fit subject for this article, however it reflects on the organisation. EdC Francophonie is simply not that ambitious. it's not the French Commonwealth. Synchronicity I === NPOV stuff === Does anyone else think this is really necessary. I believe it makes the page very NPOV. 'Several of the member states have a poor record when it comes to the protection of human rights and the practice of democracy. A proposed measure to impose sanctions on such countries was debated at least twice but was not approved. This is not surprising as the purpose of the organisation is not to promote international cooperation or human rights.' I don't really get why that paragraph breaks the NPOV rule. No specific country is even named. It is only normal to discuss a little bit of what is going on within the organization. This is a good example of something that is a subject of debate between these countries. This has nothing to do with the organization, this is only an irrelevant free talk while many important things are missing when comparing this article with the French one, starting with the colors used on the Francophonie map to separate the different uses of French language as native, language, cultural, minority! Bleu foncé : langue maternelle Bleu : langue administrative Bleu clair : langue de culture Vert : minorités francophones. This is what happen when editors mistaken francophobia to francophonie and start editing with no knowledge at all. I'm sorry if the truth hurts. By the way i noticed that even the French article used "Francophonie" w/o the article... Synchronicity I Absolutely. If you can improve the article by importing information from the French-language article, then please do so! I'll start by importing the map. EdC i'll be happy to do it, i was just afraid that some people here would revert my edits if i dare. i just need some time and i'll translate stuff from the FR to the EN, so the localization/neutralization would be able. Synchronicity I :Great! EdC I decided against it; that's a map of French language distribution, thus not appropriate for this article per se. Also, we already have a map of members of the organisation. I added it to Francophone instead. (It's already at French langauge, in the infobox.) EdC The assertions made in the quoted segment ('Several of the member states... cooperation or human rights.') however true they may be (or may not be) are worded as if they were the mere opinion of the person who wrote that segment. That passage should be edited to be more factual. 'Amnesty International has repeatedly faulted X, Y, Z for human right violations..., etc.' or 'At the 200X annual meeting of la Francophonie, sanctions against X, Y, Z were proposed but not approved...' It is not that the topic covered is inappropriate, just the wording. :Is the NPOV problem settled? Cause whatever it was is apparently removed from the article, can we remove the NPOV tag yet? Xlegiofalco == Italy, Francophonie as cultural vehicle == Francophonie claims also the Val d'Aoste region of Italy. Good original article, the comment above on Francophonie as the vehicle of an alternative culture to Anglo-Saxon/consumer society/etc. is bang on (I would be interested to know if anyone has ever read anything comparing or about the influence of Francophonie on the EU). But should this not be pointed out in the article, as it is the raison d'être of the enterprise? Jeremynicholas == Question about member states (ExpandSection, Wikify) == Off-topic, out of curiosity: I've just seen the list of member states, associate members and additional states of La Francophonie. The membership of many of these countries is obvious, like France, Belgium and Switzerland. But could anyone explain to me what the link of Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, Egypt, Albania, Greece, Republic of Macedonia, Armenia, Austria, Croatia, Georgia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Slovenia with the French language is? Is Armenia's membership possibly related to the fact that France has a large Armenian majority? Aecis Appleknocker Flophouse I've started on this and added Expandsection so hopefully someone will complete it (if that's overkill, feel free to detag it). However, it doesn't look like Mediawiki likes nested dictionary lists, so I've added a wikify to hopefully get some guru attention (if there's a better way to ask for that, feel free to implement it). My reasons were handraulically generated from parsing country articles, so this should also be checked over by an expert. (Or at least someone who speaks French! :O Vagary I've changed the opening section, as it's a whopping lie to call the Francophonie a collection of French-speaking polities and governments. As an English speaker who CAN speak French, I would not say that I am a French-speaker. Greece and so on speak Greek etc., then English, then French. Just because it's taught in schools doesn't make them Francophone. Also, there is a difference in understanding in English between 'Francophone' and 'French-speaking'. There are only a few properly French-speaking regions: France, just under half of Belgium, Monaco, a quarter of Switzerland, Haiti, etc. Francophone countries may use French as a lingua Franca (no pun intended), that is as an official means of communication between different languages in the countries (like Berber and Arabic, for example). By this standard, India, Nigeria, Burma and even to some extent most of the world would be 'English-speaking'. This is clearly nonsense. They are Francophone. However, greece, Albania, Bulgaria and Armenia are involved just to seek ties with France and for educational purposes - there are benefits if they want French as an option in schools. This is De Gaulle's dream; a perfect opportunity to claim mentorship over most of the world. They are in the Francophonie for the same reason that Mozambiquei is in the Commonwealth despite its lack of any historical ties to Britain whatsoever. It doesn't ask much to join but there are some benefits. It doesn't mean much. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 41.241.91.225 (talk) == Comparison with the Commonwealth of Nations == The article states: "Unlike some similar organisations such as the Commonwealth of Nations, La Francophonie does not have in its stated aims the promotion of democracy and human rights. This has led to some criticism as several of the member states have a poor record when it comes to the protection of human rights and the practice of democracy; a proposed measure to impose sanctions on such countries was debated at least twice but was not approved." That is not true. 1) The stated missions of Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, include "Paix, démocratie et droits de l'Homme" (Peace, Democracy, and Rights of Man). Read the Novembre 3rd 2000 Déclaration de Bamako on this subject. There is actually a section on the initiatives, financing and agenda of the organisation in regards to one of its stated mission of "Paix, démocratie et droits de l'Homme" here: 2) Since 1) is not true, "it" (the alledged absense of aims to promote democracy and human rights) cannot have lead to the criticism. The criticism actually came from within the organisation itself. The media relayed information on internal criticism around 1997 when Premier of Quebec Lucien Bouchard, former Ambassador of Canada to France, promoted the idea of a Charter in order for the organisation to sanction member countries that are known to violate Human Rights. The idea was rejected by France. Read this Le Droit article by journalist Paul Gaboury dated November 18 1997 : == Membership == I have no particular interest in la Francophonie but rather a Ghanaian interest. While reading my daily dose of African news this morning (30 Sep 2006) I learned that Ghana is now a full member of the organization. Your article states that there are 53 member nations. I linked over to the la Francophonie website from your article and, if I am reading the French correctly, that site states that there are 55 member nations. Also, as of this morning Ghana is still listed as an associate member on that site. I am writing this only to give you guys a heads up. CaliOjosAzules == "Republic of Macedonia" or "Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM)"? == I bevieve that it's best to use the name "Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM)" and not just "Republic of Macedonia" on the list of the EU members, since the official name that this country entered the organisation is "Ex-République yougoslave de Macédoine" xvvx It should be listed under the name FYROM. Also, why is FYROM a member of the Francophonie? What's the rationale? == Mauritius == AFAIK french is co-official in Mauritius Ybgursey == Serbia - a member or only an observer? == The Francophonie website does not list Serbia as its member, but rather as an observer. An anon IP listed it here two weeks ago under the observer heading. However, it was "elevated" to a member status by a registered contributor a couple of days later. The remark about Serbia's "historical traditional friendly relations" with France also looks like POV. I will wait for the time being before making changes to see if anyone has anything to share on the subject .

Organisation internationale de la Francophonie

The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page. The result was redirect to List of county routes in Suffolk County, New York. stuff's in history for the merge Fritzpoll (talk) ===County Route 31 (Suffolk County, New York)=== () – (View AfD)(View log) There is no evidence of notability for this road. This road fails USRD/NT as a county route of a local county route system. In addition to this, the road is only four miles long. Rschen7754 (T C) Cut down to a few sentences and merge into the notes column of List of county routes in Suffolk County, New York. This doesn't look like a major road (Old Riverhead Road north from Westhampton Beach). that's it? I'm curious? Do we need this one? - I'm with NE2 on this one Merge  — master sonT - C Merge per NE2. – TMF Weak keep I know of far less important roads in Suffolk County. This is no CR 15 in Smithtown. It serves Westhampton Beach, and the nearby airport, not to mention having a huge cloverleaf interchange with NY 27, like County Route 104 (Suffolk County, New York). It's obvious that Suffolk County DPW and NYSDOT had greater ambitions for the road, back when they were willing to make true road improvements. Merge per USRD/NT to a list the list suggested by NE2. No clue on best target, but that's what the guideline suggests. Hobit (talk) Merge per NE2 above. Merge - I feel that many county roads, such as this one, are short routes that generally serve local interests and are better suited to a list. There are many unnumbered roads that probably have more notability than this road. This is the reason why I am reluctant to do a mass creation of articles for 600-series county routes in New Jersey. Dough4872 (talk) The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.

Articles for deletion/County Route 31 (Suffolk County, New York)

Coleophora platyphyllae is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in Japan. The wingspan is about 13 mm. The larvae feed on Betula platyphylla. They create a blackish, rather slender pistol-case, with some whitish fluffs along the lateral line and around the anal flap. It is about 8 mm in length. The larva feeds on the upper surface of the host leaf without making mine. ==References== platyphyllae Moths of Japan Moths described in 1965

Coleophora platyphyllae

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65.185.62.230

Vasile Nicolae Constantin (born 18 January 1998) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for FC Brașov, on loan from CS Universitatea Craiova. ==Career statistics== ===Club=== ==Honours== Universitatea Craiova Cupa României: 2020–21 Supercupa României: 2021 ==References== ==External links== Vasile Constantin at 1998 births Living people Sportspeople from Craiova Romanian footballers Association football midfielders Liga I players CS Universitatea Craiova players Liga II players FC Brașov (2021) players

Vasile Constantin

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74.106.90.188

The Knox Rugby Club, formerly known as Knox Old Boys RUFC, is a rugby union football club which plays in Division One of the New South Wales Suburban Rugby Union and is based in Sydney, Australia. The club has won the Kentwell Cup, among other trophies. ==History== The club was founded by and is associated with the ex-students association of Knox Grammar School, a Uniting Church day and boarding school for boys, located in Wahroonga, an upper North Shore suburb of Sydney. The club won the New South Wales Suburban Rugby Union's Kentwell Cup in 2005 and 2009. ==Notable players== Ross Turnbull – Australia (1968) Two Knox players became Chairman of the Australian Rugby Union; Ross Turnbull and David Clark. == Past Premierships == === Club Championships === === 1st Grade Premierships: 6 === === 2nd Grade Premierships: 7 === === 3rd Grade Premierships: 10 === === 4th Grade Premierships: 2 === Denotes joint premiership with Waverley. === 5th Grade Premierships: 1 === === Colts Premierships: 7 === ==See also== Rugby union in New South Wales List of Old Knox Grammarians ==References== ==External links== Rugby union teams in Sydney Rugby clubs established in 1959 1959 establishments in Australia

Knox Rugby Club

Raft River (Idaho)

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75.198.36.88

Kwame Brathwaite (born 1938) is an American photojournalist known for documenting life and culture in Harlem and Africa. == Life and work == Kwame Brathwaite is a documentary photojournalist, born and brought up in New York City, to immigrant parents from Barbados, who chronicled the cultural, political, and social developments of Harlem, Africa, and the African dispora. With his older brother Elombe Brath, Brathwaite founded the African Jazz Art Society and Studios in 1956 and Grandassa Models in 1962. As a boy in the early 1950s he was enrolled School of Industrial Art (now the High School of Art and Design). ===Naturally pageants=== On January 28, 1962, with his brother Elombe Brath, Brathwaite staged the Naturally '62 pageant, the first of a series of pageants to feature only black models. The 1962 pageant has the title The Original African Coiffure and Fashion Extravaganza Designed to Restore Our Racial Pride & Standards. Held at the Harlem Purple Manor, a nightclub on East 125th Street, it helped to popularize the phrase "Black Is Beautiful" that was printed on the pageant's poster. The Naturally pageants ran for five years, with the last one held in 1966. In the 1960s, his work also appeared in New York Amsterdam News, The City Sun, and The Daily Challenge. He photographed concerts of Stevie Wonder, Bob Marley, James Brown, and Muhammad Ali. In 2017, Brathwaite was honored at the 75th Aperture Gala. == Exhibitions == 2019 Black Is Beautiful: The Photography of Kwame Brathwaite, organized by Aperture Foundation 2019 Icons of Style: A Century of Fashion Photography, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, Texas 2020 Tools of Revolution: Fashion Photography and Activism, Houston Center for Photography, Houston, Texas == References == 1938 births Living people African-American photographers High School of Art and Design alumni 20th-century American painters Photographers from New York City Photographers from New York (state) American people of Barbadian descent 20th-century African-American painters 21st-century African-American people

Kwame Brathwaite

Louis Delescluse

Vasile Constantin

==Summary== ==Licensing== Tekken media files

Lars Alexandersson (T7).png

Hlane Royal National Park is a national park in Eswatini, roughly 67 km northeast of Manzini along the MR3 road. Prior to the park being public, it was a private royal hunting ground. Hlane, meaning 'wilderness', was named by King Sobhuza II. It is now held in trust for the Nation by His Majesty King Mswati III, and is managed by Big Game Parks, a privately owned body. ==Features== It is Eswatini's largest protected area and park. The park and its adjacent dispersal areas cover of Swazi bushveld. It is a flat lowland area, covered with ancient hardwood trees like knobthorn, leadwood and tambuti, with some grasslands and shallow pans. ===Fauna=== Hlane is home to the lion, elephant, giraffe, and white rhinoceros. Wildebeest, zebra and impala herds are attracted to the waterholes during the dry winter months, June to September. After a long absence, cheetah populations have been reintroduced in this park. It has an abundant and diverse birdlife, including the highest density of nesting white-backed vultures in Africa. Raptors include martial eagles, bateleurs, and long-crested eagles, as well as several species of vultures including white-backed, white-headed, lappetfaced and the occasional Cape vulture. It has the southernmost nesting site of the marabou stork. Some bird species, such as the southern yellow-billed hornbill (Tockus leucomelas) found here are either endangered or locally extinct in the country. ===Accommodation=== A network of game-viewing roads crisscrosses the park's flat terrain. Accommodation is available in thatched huts and cottages at two different sites. The main site is near the park entrance from MR3, Hlane Camp. The other site is Bhubesi Camp, almost at the northern end of the park. The road between them requires high clearance to navigate, so with a normal car, it is best to drive all the way around the park to get between them. ===Transport=== The park was bisected by the MR3 Highway in the 1960s, under pressure from sugar estates at the park's borders. They claimed that the highway would cause no environmental damage, but now hundreds of antelopes, wild boar, buffaloes, and other game are struck by vehicles each year. ==See also== Wildlife of Swaziland ==References== ==Sources== National parks of Eswatini Geography of Eswatini Protected areas of Eswatini

Hlane Royal National Park

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96.55.82.105

women century Ghanaian

Ghanaian women by century

Palibhasa Lalake is a Philippine sitcom on ABS-CBN which ran from March 3, 1987 to November 9, 1998 and directed by Johnny Manahan. ==Sypnopsis== The show began on March 3, 1987 with the original cast composed of Joey Marquez, Richard Gomez, Miguel Rodriguez, Gloria Romero, Cynthia Patag, and Amy Perez. They were later joined by Carmina Villaroel (who then played Richard's younger sister, Cathy, a street smart tomboyish kid from the province, and Apa Ongpin (who played the role of a rich Castilian hunky nerd). Over the years, many characters have come and gone, like Rene Requiestas (as Minerva's genius brother who is never taken seriously), John Estrada (as Johnny, a dumb hunk whose favorite endeavor is to invent things that never succeed). Later additions to the family was Gwapings member, Eric Fructuoso, who was first featured as a suitor of Cathy. Eventually the two other Gwapings members namely Mark Anthony Fernandez and Jomari Yllana were also added to the cast. They played regular teenage rascals always on the lookout for girls). Still later on, another bench brat joined in the fray, Jao Mapa. Since the show was predominantly male, girls had to join in the fun too. Lindsay Custodio, Rica Peralejo, Jacqui Manzano and Regine Tolentino, then teenagers, were notable early guests. Claudine Barretto and G. Toengi also appeared as recurring guest stars in early years. In an effort to boost ratings, later seasons saw the addition of character foils, such as Tikboy (Anjo Yllana), a lovable semi-retardate in search of his long-lost mother. After 11 years of airing, Palibhasa Lalake aired its final episode on November 9, 1998. ==Cast== ===Regular=== Richard Gomez as Ricardo / Ricky (1987–1998) Joey Marquez as Joselito / Joey (1987–1998) John Estrada as Juanito / Johnny (1990–1998) Miguel Rodriguez as Miguelito / Miggy (1987–1989) (Recurring guest thereafter) Anjo Yllana as Eroll, Tikboy (1994–1998) Gloria Romero as Tita Minerva Chavez Amy Perez as Amelia "Amy" Chavez Cynthia Patag as Cynthia Chavez Carmina Villaroel as Cathy (1987–1994) Apa Ongpin as Raffy Edu Manzano as Budoy Arlene Muhlach as Arlene ===The Gwapings=== Mark Anthony Fernandez as Mark Eric Fructuoso as Eric Jomari Yllana as Jomari Jao Mapa as Jao ===The Kutings=== Claudine Barretto as Tracey Rica Peralejo as Ashley G. Toengi as KC Regine Tolentino as Regine Lindsay Custodio as Sydney ===Additionals=== Menggie Cobarrubias as Luis Malou Crisologo as Jessa John Lloyd Cruz as Rovic Rene Requiestas as Adonis Jacqui Manzano as Jacqui Antonio Aquitania as Anton Bonel Balingit as Hikapre (recurring) (1995–1998) Sarah Jane Ritter Bearwin Meily Gabby Eigenmann (1989–1997) Kevin Vernal Andrea del Rosario as Seksi Kristine Hermosa Ogie Diaz as Pekto (1992–1998) Bentong ==Theme song== The theme song of the show is "Katawan", performed by Hagibis (composed by Mike Hanopol). ==Reruns== The show's episodes are rerun over at Jeepney TV. The show is streaming on iWant TFC and YouTube. ==See also== List of shows previously aired by ABS-CBN List of programs broadcast by Jeepney TV ==References== == External links == ABS-CBN original programming Philippine television sitcoms 1987 Philippine television series debuts 1998 Philippine television series endings Filipino-language television shows

Palibhasa Lalake

Bosnia and Herzegovina politics and government templates

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12.158.50.2

Albert J. Levis (born 1937) is a Greek psychiatrist and author of the Formal Theory of Behavior. He is also the founder and director of the Museum of the Creative Process in Manchester, Vermont. He along with his late wife, Georgette Wasserstein Levis, is the innkeeper of the Wilburton Inn, also in Manchester. == Biography == Albert Levis was born in 1937 in Athens, Greece. to a Romaniote Jewish family with deep roots in the Greek history and culture. After surviving the Holocaust in hiding, Levis continued his studies at Athens College where he graduated in 1957 and was awarded the Capps prize for an essay on the history of the Jewish diaspora as cycles of emancipation and justification for persecutions. He studied medicine in Switzerland at the Universities of Geneva and Zurich, 1958-1963, immigrated to the United States in 1964, married Georgette Wasserstein (sister of Bruce Wasserstein) in 1966 and completed his psychiatric residence at Yale University in 1968. He settled with his family in Hamden, Connecticut, where in 1970 he founded a clinical research and training practice, the Center for the Study of Normative Behavior. There he conducted his research work and writing of books. He retired in 2002 to dedicate his attention to the Wilburton Inn, and incorporated the Art to Science project with the vision to develop a forum for his theoretical position. Levis also holds a wide collection of international and modern art, pieces that are now installed in the permanent exhibits at the Museum of the Creative Process. Additionally, the Museum features the Henry Gorski retrospective, a collection of the lifetime work of Gorski, as well as the Sanctuary of Wisdom, Levis's Holocaust memorial. Many items from the museum's collections have been featured in museums and gallery exhibits around the New England region. == Career == Levis is best known for his Formal Theory, an integrative approach to behavioral analysis and personality assessment. The Formal Theory of Behavior seeks to qualify the physical properties of behavior through applying principles of Physics to the study of emotional energetic transformation. Levis has published several volumes on this research, including Conflict Analysis: The Formal Theory of Behavior and Conflict Analysis Training. Levis' Conflict Analysis Training includes among other tests the Animal Metaphor Test, an integrative projective assessment. His study of the creative process introduced the cross-disciplinary integration of psychology, religion, art and science, revamping psychology’s epistemology, diagnostic categories, modes of assessment, features of morality as a science, and therapy as a concise program of emotional education. The Moral Science spiritualizes psychology, demystifies religions and reconciles them, while it popularizes psychotherapy as a mandatory education for the general public. Levis, born to a Jewish family, was inspired to the discovery of the creative process working through his childhood experiences of WWII, the Holocaust and the Communist Civil War in the light of the wisdom of the Greek culture. He spent his career pondering on behavior and religions seeking to heal the person and the world. He departed observing a phenomenon repeated five times in the Greek Cosmogony. He proceeded to unite conceptually behavior and morality with science and validated this theory demonstrating the scientific and moral nature of the creative process. He used art exhibits, and devised two technologies demonstrating the creative process as a scientific phenomenon: A self-assessment available online and a card game called Moral Monopoly. His work was articulated in seven self-published volumes. They departed from a dramatic play, The Argives, continued with an overview of the Contributions of the Formal Theory, then a thorough presentation of the concepts in a textbook, simultaneously with a workbook that introduced the self-assessment; he continued with three volumes of evidence validating the theory. One book was on the museum exhibits, and two volumes on case studies. His research work is summed up with the Moral Monopoly, an educational card-game, applying the formal analysis to eight cultural stories integrating the religions of the world as a progression of scientific discoveries of the relational modalities improving the family institution and the abstraction on the nature of the divine. The game clarifies the six role structure of stories, their leading to alternative relational modalities, and points out the progression to improving resolutions promoting mutual respect as the key to the Moral Science. The game promotes the scientific analysis of the creative process as transformative. == Publications == Conflict Analysis: the Formal Theory of Behavior, outlines the principles of the Formal Theory, and develops a scientific method for understanding behavior. The textbook formulates a method of studying emotional energetic transformations with the guidance of physics, studying the dialectics of unconscious dynamics as a scientific phenomenon. Conflict Analysis Training  is a workbook of exercises and assessments that lead towards greater self awareness and understanding. The book guides its readers to an understanding of their relational modality, how they deal with conflict, and how they can best improve. Science Stealing the Fire of the Gods and Healing the Worlds, published Summer 2011, explores in detail the Museum’s exhibits, investigating the emotional discovery present in the Gorski Retrospective, and retracing the evolution of abstraction in religious paradigms. Based upon the myth of Prometheus stealing the fire of Olympus, the book presents science as now demystifying religion and offering humanity the tools of moral life. Creativity & Power Management, A Concise Program of Emotional Education I: The Clinical Delivery of the Conflict Analysis Battery: A Didactic, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Self-Assessment,  published in Spring 2016, is book of clinical case studies, illustrates a new theory, the Formal Theory, and a new therapy, Creativity and Power Management, as a concise program of emotional education utilizing the Conflict Analysis Battery and the simple scientific principles of the Formal Theory . Creativity and Power Management, A Concise Program of Emotional Education II: The Psychoeducational Delivery of the Conflict Analysis Battery, published Fall 2016, is a book of case studies from clients that have completed the online emotional education program as well as cases from students and other-non clinical clients. The book presents a model of wellness education for the masses and a format for introducing emotional education to the classroom. == References == == External links == Website for the Art to Science Project Website for the Wilburton Inn An article detailing the relevance of the Formal Theory An article dealing with the Henry Gorski Retrospective 1937 births Greek emigrants to the United States Greek Jews American people of Greek-Jewish descent American psychiatrists Yale School of Medicine alumni Living people Romaniote Jews Holocaust survivors Levites People from Manchester, Vermont

Albert J. Levis

Mustafa Rumi was a Ottoman Turkish general who served the Mughal Empire under Babur. At the Battle of Panipat and Battle of Khanwa, he commanded the Matchlock gun infantry. His role in these battles as commander of rifle troops was a vital one, as it was the riflemen and the cannons under Ustad Ali Quli and Mustafa Rumi that won the day. == Introduction of Mustafa Rumi to Babur == Babur's early relations with the Ottomans were poor because the Ottoman Sultan Selim I provided Babur's rival Ubaydullah Khan with powerful matchlocks and cannons. In 1507, when ordered to accept Selim I as his rightful suzerain, Babur refused and gathered Qizilbash servicemen in order to counter the forces of Ubaydullah Khan during the Battle of Ghazdewan in 1512. In 1513, Selim I reconciled with Babur (fearing that he would join the Safavids), dispatched Ustad Ali Quli and Mustafa Rumi, and many other Ottoman Turks, in order to assist Babur in his conquests; this particular assistance proved to be the basis of future Mughal-Ottoman relations. From them, he also adopted the tactic of using matchlocks and cannons in field (rather than only in sieges), which would give him an important advantage in India. ==References== Mughal Empire people 16th-century people of the Ottoman Empire

Mustafa Rumi

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AM74170

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Soccerchick9

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Davidhowells

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178.24.236.182

WMYQ (92.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve the community of Moorhead, Mississippi, and broadcasting to the Moorhead/Greenwood area. The station is owned by Delta Radio Network, through licensee Contemporary Communications LLC. It airs a country music format. The station was assigned the WMYQ call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on August 17, 2016. In 2018, the station hired David Mueller, performing under the name Stonewall Jackson, who lost a civil lawsuit for sexual assault against Taylor Swift. The move was met with significant backlash from Swift fans. ==References== ==External links== Official Website MYQ (FM) Radio stations established in 2017 2017 establishments in Mississippi Country radio stations in the United States Sunflower County, Mississippi

WKXG (FM)

== April 2009 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Teardrop tattoo, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted by ClueBot. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. If you believe there has been a mistake and would like to report a false positive, please report it here and then remove this warning from your talk page. If your edit was not vandalism, please feel free to make your edit again after reporting it. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Teardrop tattoo was changed by 24.77.238.227 (u) (t) making a minor change with obscenities on 2009-04-10T23:38:01+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot (talk)

24.77.238.227

Inferior: How Science Got Women Wrong and the New Research That's Rewriting the Story is a 2017 book by science journalist Angela Saini. The book discusses the effect of sexism on scientific research, and how that sexism influences social beliefs. The book was published by Beacon Press in the United States and Fourth Estate Books in the United Kingdom. ==Reception== According to The Independent Angela Saini "paints a disturbing picture of just how deeply sexist notions have been woven into the fabric of scientific research". The Guardian noted that Saini "discovers that many of society’s traditional beliefs about women are built on shaky ground". The Ahmedabad Mirror pointed out that Saini "exposes Charles Darwin's prejudices and how his views on a woman's place in society tinted, or rather tainted, his theories." Inferior was launched in June 2017 at the Royal Academy of Engineering. A month after its release, Inferior was recommended by Scientific American. It was a finalist in the Goodreads Choice Awards for "Best Science and Technology" in 2017. Inferior was Physics World "Book of the Year" for 2017. In the review by Chemistry World, Jennifer Newton wrote "I cannot recommend it highly enough". After the release of Inferior, Angela Saini was invited to speak at universities and schools around the country, in what became a "scientific feminist book tour". Egyptology student Julien Delhez, writing for the journal Evolution, Mind and Behaviour in 2019, criticized Inferior for creating confusion that could potentially "seriously deteriorate the dialogue between the public and the scientific community". == References == == Further reading == 2017 non-fiction books Books about science Women in science and technology Books about women

Inferior (book)

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Sensaye1982

== February 2018 == Hello, I'm Jith12. I wanted to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions to Ford Model T have been undone because they did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you have any questions, you can ask for assistance at the Help Desk. Thanks. Jith12 (talk) If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself or logging in with an existing account so you can avoid further irrelevant notices. Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did with this edit to Ford Model T. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Repeated vandalism can result in the loss of editing privileges. Thank you. Zocke1r (talk) Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did with this edit to Ford Model T, you may be blocked from editing. Zocke1r (talk) You may be blocked from editing without further warning the next time you vandalize Wikipedia, as you did with this edit to Newcastle. Zocke1r (talk) Anonymous users from this IP address have been blocked from editing for a period of 31 hours for persistent vandalism. If you think there are good reasons for being unblocked, please read the guide to appealing blocks, then add the following text below the block notice on your talk page: .  ~ Amory (u • t • c) If this is a shared IP address and you are an uninvolved editor with a registered account, you may continue to edit by logging in.

86.28.162.153

Johan Wilhelm Eduard "Eetje" Sol (10 June 1881, in Tjomas (near Buitenzorg, Dutch East Indies) – 21 October 1965, in The Hague) was a Dutch football (soccer) player who competed for HVV Den Haag. As a member for the Netherlands national football team, he participated in the 1908 Summer Olympics. The Dutch team won the bronze medal in the football tournament. ==References== ==External links== profile 1881 births 1965 deaths Dutch footballers Footballers at the 1908 Summer Olympics Olympic footballers of the Netherlands Olympic bronze medalists for the Netherlands Netherlands international footballers People from Bogor Olympic medalists in football Medalists at the 1908 Summer Olympics Association football midfielders

Eetje Sol

The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page. The result was delete. Fritzpoll (talk) ===The Front Porch Country Band=== () – (View AfD)(View log) Drops a buttload of names, makes a few vague claims, but I found no reliable third party sources. Seems to fail V, and by extension MUSIC. Ten Pound Hammer and his otters • (Many otters • One hammer • HELP) delete is a source, but honestly this looks like a non-notable (and way over-hyped) band. The source shown would lead one to think the band is notable, but it all feels wrong. Certainly having trouble finding sources beyond that one. Hobit (talk) Delete: trivial coverage. The poor referencing in the article doesn't help matters. Non-notable. JamesBurns (talk) Note: This debate has been included in the list of Bands and musicians-related deletion discussions. The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.

Articles for deletion/The Front Porch Country Band

== November 2011 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Please be aware of Wikipedia's policy that biographical information about living persons must not include unsupported or inaccurate statements. Whenever you add possibly controversial statements about a living person to an article or any other Wikipedia page, as you did to Michelle Kwan, you must include proper sources. If you don't know how to cite a source, you may want to read Referencing for beginners for guidelines. Thank you. --Kbh3rdtalk

107.3.184.187

== May 2011 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Card counting, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism. ClueBot NG produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Card counting was changed by 67.43.18.219 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.935767 on 2011-05-05T18:22:50+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Card counting with this edit. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Meph.

67.43.18.219

== May 2011 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Isra and Mi'raj, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism. ClueBot NG produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Isra and Mi'raj was changed by 92.24.80.144 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.952719 on 2011-05-05T18:22:54+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)

92.24.80.144

Welcome Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are some pages you might like to see: The five pillars of Wikipedia How to edit a page Help pages Tutorial How to write a great article Manual of Style Intuitive guide to Wikipedia You are welcome to continue editing articles without logging in, but you may wish to . Doing so is free, requires no personal information, and provides several benefits. If you edit without a username, your IP address () is used to identify you instead. In any case, I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your comments on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically produce your IP address (or username if you're logged in) and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on , or ask your question and then place before the question on this page. Again, welcome! == April 2009 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute constructively to the encyclopedia, your addition of one or more external links to the page Blackbird (album) has been reverted. Your edit here was reverted by an automated bot that attempts to remove unwanted links and spam from Wikipedia. The external link you added or changed is on my list of links to remove and probably shouldn't be included in Wikipedia. The external links I reverted were matching the following regex rule(s): \byoutube\.com (links: If the external link you inserted or changed was to a media file (e.g. a sound or video file) on an external server, then note that linking to such files may be subject to Wikipedia's copyright policy and therefore probably should not be linked to. Please consider using our upload facility to upload a suitable media file. Video links are also strongly deprecated by our guidelines for external links, partly because they're useless to people with slow internet connections. If you were trying to insert an external link that does comply with our policies and guidelines, then please accept my creator's apologies and feel free to undo the bot's revert. However, if the link does not comply with our policies and guidelines, but your edit included other changes to the article, feel free to make those changes again without re-adding the link. Please read Wikipedia's external links guideline for more information, and consult my list of frequently-reverted sites. For more information about me, see my FAQ page. Thanks! If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, please ignore this notice.

68.90.224.82

== October 2010 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Tesseract, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you. JohnBlackburnewordsdeeds If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make any unconstructive edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant warnings.

74.226.72.3

Corymorpha is a genus of [in the

Corymorpha

== April 2009 == Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to the page M1 carbine has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. == February 2010 == Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit that you made to the page List of UFC champions has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Please use the sandbox for testing any edits; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing for further information. Thank you. Ajraddatz (Talk)

68.198.247.254

Mickey Freeman

Kingsway College School (KCS) is a Pre-Kindergarten to grade 8 Co-Ed private independent school founded in 1989. It is located on Dundas Street West in The Kingsway area of Etobicoke in west Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ==References== Kingsway College School Kingsway College School profile at Our Kids Kingsway College School on the Conference of Independent Schools of Ontario website Private schools in Toronto

Kingsway College School

== Welcome == Welcome Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are some pages you might like to see: The five pillars of Wikipedia How to edit a page Help pages Tutorial How to write a great article Manual of Style Intuitive guide to Wikipedia You are welcome to continue editing articles without logging in, but you may wish to . Doing so is free, requires no personal information, and provides several benefits. If you edit without a username, your IP address () is used to identify you instead. In any case, I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your comments on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically produce your IP address (or username if you're logged in) and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on , or ask your question and then place before the question on this page. Again, welcome! Thrane (talk) == April 2009 == Welcome and thank you for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and it has been reverted or removed. Please take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. If you would like to experiment further, please use the sandbox instead. Thrane (talk) If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

68.222.41.146