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@@ -63,7 +63,103 @@ dataset_info:
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  num_examples: 2706
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  download_size: 61236366105
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  dataset_size: 94474695584.124
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ---
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- # Dataset Card for "esa-hubble"
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- [More Information needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  num_examples: 2706
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  download_size: 61236366105
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  dataset_size: 94474695584.124
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+ license: cc-by-4.0
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+ task_categories:
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+ - text-to-image
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+ language:
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+ - en
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+ tags:
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+ - space
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+ pretty_name: ESA Hubble Deep Space Images & Captions
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+ size_categories:
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+ - 1K<n<10K
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  ---
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+ # Dataset Card for ESA Hubble Deep Space Images & Captions
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+ The ESA Hubble Deep Space Images & Captions dataset is composed primarily of Hubble deep space scans as high-resolution images,
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+ along with textual descriptions written by ESA/Hubble. Metadata is also included, which enables more detailed filtering and understanding of massive space scans.
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+ The purpose of this dataset is to enable text-to-image generation methods for generating high-quality deep space scans from prompts.
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+
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+ ## Examples
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+
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+ ![opo9941a](https://cdn.spacetelescope.org/archives/images/thumb700x/opo9941a.jpg)
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+ > A grazing encounter between two spiral galaxies: In the direction of the constellation Canis Major, two spiral galaxies pass by each other like majestic ships in the night. The near-collision has been caught in images taken by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope and its Wide Field Planetary Camera 2.
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+ > Credit: NASA/ESA and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI)
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+
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+
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+ ![heic0604a](https://cdn.spacetelescope.org/archives/images/screen/heic0604a.jpg)
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+ > The magnificent starburst galaxy Messier 82: This mosaic image of the magnificent starburst galaxy, Messier 82 (M82) is the sharpest wide-angle view ever obtained of M82. It is a galaxy remarkable for its webs of shredded clouds and flame-like plumes of glowing hydrogen blasting out from its central regions where young stars are being born 10 times faster than they are inside in our Milky Way Galaxy.
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+ > Credit: NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA). Acknowledgment: J. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin), M. Mountain (STScI) and P. Puxley (NSF).
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+
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+
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+ ![heic0715a](https://cdn.spacetelescope.org/archives/images/screen/heic0715a.jpg)
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+ > Extreme star cluster bursts into life in new Hubble image: The star-forming region NGC 3603 - seen here in the latest Hubble Space Telescope image - contains one of the most impressive massive young star clusters in the Milky Way. Bathed in gas and dust the cluster formed in a huge rush of star formation thought to have occurred around a million years ago. The hot blue stars at the core are responsible for carving out a huge cavity in the gas seen to the right of the star cluster in NGC 3603's centre.
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+ > Credit: NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage (STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble Collaboration
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+
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+
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+ ## Statistics
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+
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+ * There are a total of 2,706 deep space images
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+ * The complete uncompressed size of the dataset is 120 GB, so definitely make use of [Streaming](https://huggingface.co/docs/datasets/stream)
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+ * The average image is 44 MB, while the max image size is 432 MB
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+ * The average image has a height of 2,881 pixels, and an average width of 3,267 pixels
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+
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+
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+ ## Collection
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+
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+ All images were collected from [https://esahubble.org/](https://esahubble.org/).
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+ Fullsize Original images & metadata were crawled from the ESA Hubble website using [Scrapy](https://scrapy.org/).
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+ Images were downloaded as `.tiff` files with the following [code](https://github.com/Supermaxman/SpaceGAN), while
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+ additional metadata was later collected for each image using the following [code](https://github.com/Supermaxman/WebbDiffuser).
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+
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+
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+ As the ESA Hubble website collects images from a wide variety of sources, images were filtered to try to avoid any non-space scan images as follows:
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+ The ESA Hubble [Advanced Image Search](http://esahubble.org/images/archive/search) enables the following filtering parameters:
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+ * images with Minimum size greater than or equal to 400x300
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+ * Ranking greater than or equal to Fair or better
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+ * Type containing 'Observation'
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+ This reduced significantly the number of images which had nothing to do with Hubble deep space scans.
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+ A total of around 3,000 space images were collected with this method.
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+
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+
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+ ## Filtering
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+
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+ Further automatic and manual filtering was performed to remove the following:
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+ * improperly classified images
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+ * space renders
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+ * diagrams with text
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+ * images of celestial bodies within our solar system
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+ This brought the total number of deep space images down to 2,593.
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+ This process was not perfect, and there likely remain some images in the dataset that should be removed in the future.
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+
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+
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+
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+ ## Preprocessing
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+
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+ Some of the deep space scans were as large as 34,372x19,345, with a bit depth of 24 (nearly 2 GB).
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+ Unfortunately, these images were too large to upload easily.
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+ Therefore, images were automatically subdivided in half if they were above 12,000 pixels in either height or width.
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+ Subdivided images were also tagged with additional metadata, such that users can reconstruct the original images if they would prefer.
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+ Otherwise, metadata was copied across subdivided images.
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+ This process resulted in 2,706 final deep space images.
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+
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+
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+ ## License
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+
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+ ESA/Hubble images, videos and web texts are released under the [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
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+ and may on a non-exclusive basis be reproduced without fee provided they are clearly and visibly credited.
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+ See [https://esahubble.org/copyright/](https://esahubble.org/copyright/) for additional conditions for reproduction and copyright.
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+
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+
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+ ## Citation
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+
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+ If you use this dataset, please cite it as:
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+
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+ ```
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+ @misc{weinzierl2023hubble,
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+ author = {Weinzierl, Maxwell A.},
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+ title = {ESA Hubble Deep Space Images & Captions},
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+ year={2023},
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+ howpublished= {\url{https://huggingface.co/datasets/Supermaxman/esa-hubble}}
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+ }
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+ ```