questions: asking about light management of quails 
 answers: recommended to care of adult quails
the males and females can be separated based on physical appearance at about 
4-5 weeks of age. the males have an even coloured rusty brown breast feathers with only few speckles of white. where as the females have grey and black speckled breast feathers. the males also have a cloacal gland, which secretes a white foamy material. in contrast to most poultry, females are slightly heavier than males.quails reach sexual maturity at about six weeks of age and weigh 120 g. adults require 150-180 cm 2 per quail in laying cage. a feeder space of 2-3 cm per quail and water space of 2 cm has to be provided. for laying flock a photoperiod of 16 hours is desirable for good egg production. layer quails may be provided with a mash containing 22% protein and 2650 k cal/kg of me. japanese quails reproduce well in all seasons. the eggs are laid from evening, the peak being between 6.30 – 7.30 p.m. the eggs laid during second year of lay are very much fewer than first year. quail egg weighs around 10 g and is characterised by a variety of colour pattern ranging from dark brown, blue and white to buff each mottled with black, brown and blue. the egg shell is very thin and therefore breaks easily.

care of quail chicks
the hatch weight of quail chicks is 6-7 g. they can be brooded either on deep litter or in battery brooders. however brooding the quail chicks in cages up to end of 3 weeks of age reduces initial mortality considerably. 
the floor space suggested is 75 cm2/chick under the hover and 75 cm2/chick as run space. the brooder temperature recommended is 37oc at the beginning and this should be reduced at 2.7oc per week until the chicks are 4 weeks of age, by which time the quails would have grown their feathers very well. during brooding, water should be given in shallow dishes filled with marbles or pebbles to prevent quail chicks from drowning. the marbles or pebbles can be removed when the chicks are about 2 weeks of age. 
the feeder space and water space recommendations are 2 and 1 linear cm per quail chick respectively. quail chicks can be fed with a mash containing 27% protein and 2750 k cal / kg of me up to end of 3 weeks of age and a mash containing 24% protein and 2750 k cal/kg of me from 4th week of age. maximum care has to bestow during the first two weeks of life of quail chicks.