Updated the datasheet accompanying the dataset publication

ARK-Metadata-datasheet.md

@@ -27,17 +27,17 @@ size_categories:
 
 This dataset was created with the intent to provide a single larger set of metadata from Berlin State Library for research purposes and the development of AI applications.
 
-The dataset comprises of descriptive metadata of 2.619.397 titles, which together form the "Alte Realkatalog" of Berlin State Library, which may be translated to "Old Subject Catalogue". The data are stored in columnar format, containing 375 columns. They were downloaded in December 2023 from the German central library system (CBS). Exemplary tasks which can be served by this dataset comprise studies on the history of books between 1500 and 1955, on the paratextual formatting of scientific books between 1800 and 1955, and on pattern recognition on the basis of bibliographical metadata.
+The dataset comprises of descriptive metadata of 2.619.397 titles, which together form the "Alte Realkatalog" of Berlin State Libray, which may be translated to "Old Subject Catalogue". The data are stored in columnar format, containing 375 columns. They were downloaded in December 2023 from the German central library system (CBS). Exemplary tasks which can be served by this dataset comprise studies on the history of books between 1501 and 1955, on the paratextual formatting of scientific books between 1800 and 1955, and on pattern recognition on the basis of bibliographical metadata.
 
-The primary intention for the publication of this dataset was the provision of a large computationally amenable dataset exclusively consisting of bibliographic metadata to stimulate research and development of AI applications. In 2024, large (meta-)datasets from the field of historical cultural data are still missing. In this respect, the dataset provided here aims to fill a gap.
+The primary intention for the publication of this dataset was the provision of a large computationally amenable dataset exclusively consisting of bibliographic metadata to stimulate research and development of AI applications. In 2024, large (meta-)datasets from the field of historical cultural data are still missing. In this respect, the dataset provided here aims to fill a gap. The dataset is suitable for the computational use of digitised and born-digital collections according to the [Collections as Data principles](https://collectionsasdata.github.io/statement/).
 
-The dataset was created by the team of the research project ["Mensch.Maschine.Kultur -- Künstliche Intelligenz für das Digitale Kulturelle Erbe"](https://mmk.sbb.berlin/?lang=en) at Berlin State Library (SBB). The research project was funded by the Federal Government Commissioner for Culture and the Media (BKM), project grant no. 2522DIG002. The Minister of State for Culture and the Media is part of the German Federal Government.
+The dataset was created by the team of the research project ["Mensch.Maschine.Kultur – Künstliche Intelligenz für das Digitale Kulturelle Erbe"](https://mmk.sbb.berlin/?lang=en) at Berlin State Library (SBB). The research project was funded by the Federal Government Commissioner for Culture and the Media (BKM), project grant no. 2522DIG002. The Minister of State for Culture and the Media is part of the German Federal Government.
 
 ### Dataset Description
 
 **Repository** 
 
-[Hugging Face: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz](https://https://huggingface.co/SBB)
+[Zenodo Community: Data and Demos of the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Berlin State Library](https://zenodo.org/communities/stabi)
 
 **Website**
 
@@ -45,13 +45,13 @@ The dataset was created by the team of the research project ["Mensch.Maschine.Ku
 
 **Point of Contact** 
 
-[Sophie Schneider, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin -- Berlin State Library](mailto:sophie.schneider@sbb.spk-berlin.de)
+[Sophie Schneider, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Berlin State Library](mailto:sophie.schneider@sbb.spk-berlin.de)
 
-[Jörg Lehmann, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin -- Berlin State Library](mailto:joerg.lehmann@sbb.spk-berlin.de)
+[Jörg Lehmann, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Berlin State Library](mailto:joerg.lehmann@sbb.spk-berlin.de)
 
 ### Dataset Summary
 
-Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin -- Berlin State Library is an institution which belongs to the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation. It was founded in 1661 by the Elector of Brandenburg Friedrich Wilhelm and collects literature from all scientific fields, languages and countries. The systematic catalogue, known as the "Realkatalog", was established from 1842 onwards, based on a systematic listing of the contemporary holdings, new recordings of individual titles and the assignment of individual shelfmarks for each book. The result was a location-based systematic catalogue that accurately reflected the systematic arrangement of the books in the shelves. The final version of the systematic catalogue was completed in 1881. From then onwards, only new acquisitions were entered in the catalogue volumes. A reform of the arrangement and shelfmarks in 1946 meant that the catalogue was no longer bound to the arrangement in the magazines. However, it was continued as a systematic catalogue until 1955 for all printed matter (books, periodicals) published before 1956, including the several hundred thousand volumes that were added to replace the holdings that had not been returned from external storage during the Second World War. A new systematic catalogue has been started for the printed works published from 1956 onwards. The "Alte Realkatalog" (ARK), on the other hand, contains records of printed works that once belonged and still belong to the holdings of the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin -- Berlin State Library and its respective predecessors. Printed works published between 1501 and 1955 are included, and to this day, all antiquarian works from this period newly acquired by Berlin State Library are catalogued using the ARK system. Moreover, the digital record of titles which are digitised by libraries within the German federal system are added to the ARK in electronic form. As a side note, it is worth knowing that titles that once belonged to the library's collection but are classified as war losses are also contained in the dataset; the idea behind this approach is that the bibliographical record of the works is retained and the original collection context can still be recognised.
+Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Berlin State Library is an institution which belongs to the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation. It was founded in 1661 by the Elector of Brandenburg Friedrich Wilhelm and collects literature from all scientific fields, languages and countries. The systematic catalogue, known as the "Realkatalog", was established from 1842 onwards, based on a systematic listing of the contemporary holdings, new recordings of individual titles and the assignment of individual shelfmarks for each book. The result was a location-based systematic catalogue that accurately reflected the systematic arrangement of the books in the shelves. The final version of the systematic catalogue was completed in 1881. From then onwards, only new acquisitions were entered in the catalogue volumes. A reform of the arrangement and shelfmarks in 1946 meant that the catalogue was no longer bound to the arrangement in the magazines. However, it was continued as a systematic catalogue until 1955 for all printed matter (books, periodicals) published before 1956, including the several hundred thousand volumes that were added to replace the holdings that had not been returned from external storage during the Second World War. A new systematic catalogue has been started for the printed works published from 1956 onwards. The "Alte Realkatalog" (ARK), on the other hand, contains records of printed works that once belonged and still belong to the holdings of the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Berlin State Library and its respective predecessors. Printed works published between 1501 and 1955 are included, and to this day, all antiquarian works from this period newly acquired by Berlin State Library are catalogued using the ARK system. Moreover, the digital record of titles which are digitised by libraries within the German federal system are added to the ARK in electronic form. As a side note, it is worth knowing that titles that once belonged to the library's collection but are classified as war losses are also contained in the dataset; the idea behind this approach is that the bibliographical record of the works is retained and the original collection context can still be recognised.
 
 In a way that is peculiar for the time of its creation, the classification system of the ARK and the notations (i.e. signatures) correspond to each other. The system follows the traditional order of the faculties in the universities at the beginning of the 19th century. To identify the subjects and the books that belonged to them and were to be shelved with them, the subjects were subdivided using upper and lower case letters, with these letters corresponding to the shelfmarks. According to the classification begun in 1842, the seven main departments are subdivided as follows:
 
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ A detailed overview of the classification system and of the respective shelfmark
 
 After duplicated entries were removed (some individual titles were listed in more than one letter of the classification system), the dataset comprises of about 2.6 million titles, the metadata of which are sorted into 375 columns. 
 
-The tasks for which this dataset may be used are studies on the history of books between 1500 and 1955, on the paratextual formatting of books between 1800 and 1955, and on pattern recognition on the basis of bibliographical metadata.
+The tasks for which this dataset may be used are studies on the history of books between 1501 and 1955, on the paratextual formatting of books between 1800 and 1955, and on pattern recognition on the basis of bibliographical metadata.
 
 The dataset was created by systematically downloading all available titles of the ARK from the central library system (CBS). This was done letter by letter, according to the classification and notation system described above. The intention was to provide a substantial and at the same time delimited dataset comprising bibliographic metadata from Berlin State Library. The language used in the dataset is German; however, the titles described in the dataset may be in other languages as well, such as Latin, English, or French. According to the numbers of titles reported above for each of the major classes in the classification system, a broad range of domains, topics, and genres are covered by the titles of the "Alte Realkatalog". However, the emphasis of Berlin State Library on collecting literature relevant for the humanities is still identifiable.
 
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ There are three tasks for which this dataset may be used:
 - Task "paratextual formatting of books between 1800 and 1955". See as an example [Kilchör and Lehmann, 2022](https://doi.org/10.17175/2020_003_v2) 
 - Task "pattern recognition on the basis of bibliographical metadata". Such patterns could be used for [retrieval-augmented generation of metadata](https://scale.com/blog/retrieval-augmented-generation-to-enhance-llms). See as an example [Völker et al, 2024](https://doi.org/10.1145/3627508.3638298)
 
-These three tasks are narratively described in more detail in the file "[Three Use Cases for the ARK Metadata](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1fZOrxuUkG6a717ZKKc59dkT0-_oDVFzga5vYnbh7UBk/edit?usp=sharing)", which can be accessed via the given link.
+These three tasks are narratively described in more detail in the file "Three Use Cases for the ARK Metadata" which is part of this dataset publication.
 
 The dataset was not part of a shared task.
 
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ The dataset does not contain any personal or sensitive information. It fully com
 
 ### Dataset Structure
 
-Within the German central library system (CBS), bibliographic information is provided in machine-readable form in fields. An overview of most of these fields as well as instructions on how information was inserted into each field [can be found here (in German language only)](https://swbtools.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/k10plushelp.pl?cmd=index&katalog=Standard). Data for the 2.6 million titles were transformed from the format available in the CBS into a columnar format, where each of the fields forms an individual column. In the CBS, the field names are given in the form of four digits. For a better readability of the table, these four digits were replaced with the field names used in the [documentation](https://swbtools.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/k10plushelp.pl?cmd=index&katalog=Standard). 
+Within the German central library system (CBS), bibliographic information is provided in machine-readable form separated into fields. An overview of most of these fields as well as instructions on how information was inserted into each field [can be found here (in German language only)](https://swbtools.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/k10plushelp.pl?cmd=index&katalog=Standard). Data for the 2.6 million titles were transformed from the format available in the CBS into a columnar format, where each of the fields forms an individual column. In the CBS, the field names are given in the form of four digits. For a better readability of the table, these four digits were replaced with the field names used in the [documentation](https://swbtools.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/k10plushelp.pl?cmd=index&katalog=Standard). 
 
 This dataset does not contain data splits which can be used for machine learning tasks. It is advisable to first analyse the dataset and then perform the split(s), for example to split off portions of the dataset relative to the numbers of titles published over time (see description of biases below). 
 
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ For nearly every column, there can be found information [in the documentation](h
 
 While most fields (or columns) are described in the [documentation](https://swbtools.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/k10plushelp.pl?cmd=index&katalog=Standard), there are a couple of columns in the dataset for which the documentation does not provide explanations. In the case of this dataset, these columns were populated by the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin. The columns from "Schlagwortwortfolgen 5551" to "Schlagwortfolgen 5559" contain keywords which are specific to the "Alte Realkatalog." The columns from "Lokale Notationen 6000" to "Lokale Notationen 6089" contain notations from the "Alte Realkatalog" or the ARK classification system for the period 1501 to 1955; as a general rule, these are the basic signatures from the "Alte Realkatalog", followed by "ff.". The columns from "Lesesaalsystematik der SBB 6210" to "Lesesaalsystematik der SBB 6261" contain the classes used in the classification system of the "Alter Realkatalog" (see below). The columns "Lokale Schlagwörter 6500" to "Lokale Schlagwörter 6596" contain keywords provided by the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin. The columns "Lokale Schlagwörter 6800" to "Lokale Schlagwörter 6808" contain information on the provenance of the titles, thus complementing the column "Provenienz". The column "Lokale Schlagwörter 6870" contains local standard data for coloured paper indexing. The columns "Lokale Schlagwörter 6880" to "Lokale Schlagwörter 6887" contain further information on previous owners and on acquisition, for example on books looted by the Nazis. 
 
-A key element in this dataset are Pica Production Numbers (PPNs). PPNs are unique identifiers used for individual entities; in the dataset, they are surrounded by exclamation marks (!...!) and are thus machine-readable. They are related to titles as well as to authorities. For example, the PPN 413526771 relates to the title "Das Feteh Mahari", a book about customs and laws of people in Eritrea. This PPN is used in the link via which the title can be accessed in the catalogue of the Berlin State Library (https://lbssbb.gbv.de/DB=1/XMLPRS=N/PPN?PPN=413526771). The title is part of a series, "Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse", which has received the PPN 129510084, so that [all contributions to the series can be retrieved](https://lbssbb.gbv.de/DB=1/SET=2/TTL=2/MAT=/NOMAT=T/CLK?IKT=8312&TRM=129510084). The translator of this text, the Orientalist Prof. Dr. Maria Höfner, has received the PPN 134678230. It can be used to retrieve information about Maria Höfner via the online catalogue (https://lbssbb.gbv.de/DB=1/XMLPRS=N/PPN?PPN=134678230) or in the form of a xml file in [DublinCore](http://unapi.k10plus.de/?id=gvk:ppn:134678230&format=dc) or [MODS](http://unapi.k10plus.de/?id=gvk:ppn:134678230&format=mods) format. Her GND number is [118190415](https://d-nb.info/gnd/118190415), her wikidata ID [Q29016671](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29016671). Furthermore, places, topics, and other authorities have also received PPNs, like the [Tigre people (PPN 70000677X)](https://lbssbb.gbv.de/DB=1/LNG=DU/SID=c17914fd-0/TTL=1/XMLPRS=N/MAT=/NOMAT=T/REL?PPN=70000677X), an ethnic group indigenous to Eritrea, who are one of the subjects of the above-cited text. This PPN conforms to the GND number [4120412-8](https://d-nb.info/gnd/4120412-8). Finally, all the classes in the classification system of the "Alter Realkatalog" have received PPNs as well. The PPN 086928120 is used for the sub-class "[Literatur](https://ark.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/system_detail.php?id=225439&recherche=002.016.020.016.002.001.003.005&ACT=&IKT=&TX=&SET=&NSI=SYS)" of the subsection "Äthiopisch · Amharisch (Äthiopien) · Tigre (Äthiopien) · Ge'ez (Äthiopien)" which belongs to the class "Languages and Literature", and all the titles related to this sub-class can be retrieved via Berlin State Library's [online catalogue](https://lbssbb.gbv.de/DB=1/REL?PPN=086928120) as well using the PPN. In this entry, one can identify the notation range where this class is being used, in the chosen example signatures in the range between Zz 726 to Zz 845. This last type of PPNs is specific to the "Alte Realkatalog"; there is no GND equivalent for them, which documents that the "Old Subject Catalogue" is regarded as a classification system of its own.
+A key element in this dataset are Pica Production Numbers (PPNs). PPNs are unique identifiers used for individual entities; in the dataset, they are surrounded by exclamation marks (!...!) and are thus machine-readable. They are related to titles as well as to authorities. For example, the PPN 413526771 relates to the title "Das Feteh Mahari", a book about customs and laws of people in Eritrea. This PPN is used in the link via which the title can be accessed in the catalogue of the Berlin State Library ([https://lbssbb.gbv.de/DB=1/XMLPRS=N/PPN?PPN=413526771](https://lbssbb.gbv.de/DB=1/XMLPRS=N/PPN?PPN=413526771)). The title is part of a series, "Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse", which has received the PPN 129510084, so that [all contributions to the series can be retrieved](https://lbssbb.gbv.de/DB=1/SET=2/TTL=2/MAT=/NOMAT=T/CLK?IKT=8312&TRM=129510084). The translator of this text, the Orientalist Prof. Dr. Maria Höfner, has received the PPN 134678230. It can be used to retrieve information about Maria Höfner via the online catalogue ([https://lbssbb.gbv.de/DB=1/XMLPRS=N/PPN?PPN=134678230](https://lbssbb.gbv.de/DB=1/XMLPRS=N/PPN?PPN=134678230)) or in the form of a xml file in [DublinCore](http://unapi.k10plus.de/?id=gvk:ppn:134678230&format=dc) or [MODS](http://unapi.k10plus.de/?id=gvk:ppn:134678230&format=mods) format. Her GND number is [118190415](https://d-nb.info/gnd/118190415), her wikidata ID [Q29016671](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29016671). Furthermore, places, topics, and other authorities have also received PPNs, like the [Tigre people (PPN 70000677X)](https://lbssbb.gbv.de/DB=1/LNG=DU/SID=c17914fd-0/TTL=1/XMLPRS=N/MAT=/NOMAT=T/REL?PPN=70000677X), an ethnic group indigenous to Eritrea, who are one of the subjects of the above-cited text. This PPN conforms to the GND number [4120412-8](https://d-nb.info/gnd/4120412-8). Finally, all the classes in the classification system of the "Alter Realkatalog" have received PPNs as well. The PPN 086928120 is used for the sub-class "[Literatur](https://ark.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/system_detail.php?id=225439&recherche=002.016.020.016.002.001.003.005&ACT=&IKT=&TX=&SET=&NSI=SYS)" of the subsection "Äthiopisch · Amharisch (Äthiopien) · Tigre (Äthiopien) · Ge'ez (Äthiopien)" which belongs to the class "Languages and Literature", and all the titles related to this sub-class can be retrieved via Berlin State Library's [online catalogue](https://lbssbb.gbv.de/DB=1/REL?PPN=086928120) as well using the PPN. In this entry, one can identify the notation range where this class is being used, in the chosen example signatures in the range between Zz 726 to Zz 845. This last type of PPNs is specific to the "Alte Realkatalog"; there is no GND equivalent for them, which documents that the "Old Subject Catalogue" is regarded as a classification system of its own.
 
 ### Descriptive Statistics
 
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ The dataset comprises of 2.619.397 observations of 375 variables. In other words
 
 ## Collection Process
 
-The idea behind the decision to collect all the titles listed in the ARK in December 2023 was to compile a reasonably large dataset of bibliographic metadata which is at the same time delimitable and has not been compiled with regard to content. Rather, the criterion on whether or not a title is added to the ARK is a formal one, namely the year of publication, which has to lie between 1501 and 1955, or it is a republication or digital duplicate of a book that has been published in this period.
+The idea behind the decision to collect all the titles listed in the ARK in December 2023 was to compile a reasonably large dataset of bibliographic metadata which is at the same time delimitable and has not been gathered with regard to content. Rather, the criterion on whether or not a title is added to the ARK is a formal one, namely the year of publication, which has to lie between 1501 and 1955, or it is a republication or digital duplicate of a book that has been published in this period.
 
 Alternative datasets with similar characteristics would be, for example, a compilation of a retrospective German national bibliography for historical prints of the 16th, 17th, and 18th century. Currently, the three national bibliographies VD 16, VD 17 and VD 18 (VD = "Verzeichnis der im deutschen Sprachraum erschienenen Drucke" of the respective centuries) comprise of 727.000 titles. A comprehensive publication of the metadata available for these titles might enable similar studies and tasks as have been described for the present dataset. A subset of the VD-dataset is contained in the present dataset; however, both datasets are not congruent.
 
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ No normalisation of any data was performed.
 
 **Who are the source data producers?**
 
-The source data were produced by trained librarians over the course of the past 180 years, e.g. starting from 1841. The titles to be included in the ARK were carefully selected over the course of several centuries, and the source data were created by librarians under changing rules and standards. It was only in 1899 that the so-called "Preußische Instruktionen" (Prussian instructions), a cataloguing set of rules for scientific libraries, were introduced. In the 20th century, they were replaced by other sets of rules, and in the second half of the 20th century the bibliographic records were transferred into electronic formats like MARC.xml and administred in the central library system CBS, where a broad range of sources and contributors were used to enrich the data. It is notable that this dataset does not only document a significant volume and diversity of document, but is the result of centuries-long processes of selection of relevant books, and of data collection conducted with care.
+The source data were produced by trained librarians over the course of the past 180 years, i.e. starting from 1841. The titles to be included in the ARK were carefully selected over the course of several centuries, and the source data were created by librarians under changing rules and standards. It was only in 1899 that the so-called "Preußische Instruktionen" (Prussian instructions), a cataloguing set of rules for scientific libraries, were introduced. In the 20th century, they were replaced by other sets of rules, and in the second half of the 20th century the bibliographic records were transferred into electronic formats like MARC.xml and administred in the central library system CBS, where a broad range of sources and contributors were used to enrich the data. It is notable that this dataset does not only document a significant volume and diversity of publications, but is the result of centuries-long processes of selection of relevant historical titles, and of data collection conducted with care.
 
 ### Data Provenance
 
@@ -146,11 +146,13 @@ The provenance of the data is the central library system (CBS), which contains t
 
 ### Use of Linked Open Data, Controlled Vocabulary, Multilingual Ontologies/Taxonomies
 
-The dataset contains links to several authority file types (persons, places, subjects) and to classification systems such as the *Nederlandse basisclassificatie* ([BK](https://www.kb.nl/sites/default/files/docs/bc04.pdf)), the [LCC](https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/lcco/)- or [DDC](https://www.oclc.org/en/dewey.html)-notation systems. The classification was performed by the librarians who created the bibliographic record. 
+The dataset contains links to several authority file types (persons, places, subjects) and to classification systems such as the *Nederlandse basisclassificatie* ([BK](https://www.kb.nl/sites/default/files/docs/bc04.pdf)), the [LCC](https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/lcco/) or [DDC](https://www.oclc.org/en/dewey.html) notation systems. The classification was performed by the librarians who created the bibliographic record. 
+
+For example, people or families as creators of works are usually linked with the Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND, Integrated Autority File), like e.g. the author and contributor Karl Gustav Rodén, who has received the GND identifier [1300684216](https://d-nb.info/gnd/1300684216). The Basisklassifikation is usually linked via an PPN; e.g., the PPN [106404547](https://lbssbb.gbv.de/DB=1/SET=10/TTL=5/MAT=/NOMAT=T/REL?PPN=106404547) is used for the Basisklassifikation identifier 17.98 pointing to anthologies. The LCC notation is given in the original format, e.g. as HV8203 pointing to "[Police, Detectives, Constabulary / By region or country](https://lbssbb.gbv.de/DB=1/SET=7/TTL=1/MAT=/NOMAT=T/CLK?IKT=16&TRM=HV8203)". The same holds for the DDC Dewey Decimal Classification: The ID 360 points to the DDC class "[Social Problems & Services](https://lbssbb.gbv.de/DB=1/SET=7/TTL=1/MAT=/NOMAT=T/CLK?IKT=8272&TRM=360)".
 
 ### Version Information
 
-This is the first version of the dataset. The dataset has been collected in early December 2023. Even though the "Alte Realkatalog" has been completed following the publication year 1955, that does not mean that the number of titles contained in it stops to grow. Antiquarian works from the period 1501--1955 which are continually acquired by Berlin State Library are catalogued using the ARK system and are thus adding to the total number of titles which are contained in the dataset. Furthermore, the digital records of titles which have been digitised by other libraries within the network of German libraries and which have been published between 1500 and 1955 are being added to the ARK dataset. This also augments the dataset. However, it is currently not planned to publish an updated and enlarged version of all the titles contained in the "Alte Realkatalog".
+This is the first version of the dataset. The dataset has been collected in early December 2023. Even though the "Alte Realkatalog" has been completed following the publication year 1955, that does not mean that the number of titles contained in it stops to grow. Antiquarian works from the period 1501–1955 which are continually acquired by Berlin State Library are catalogued using the ARK system and are thus adding to the total number of titles which are contained in the dataset. Furthermore, the digital records of titles which have been digitised by other libraries within the network of German libraries and which have been published between 1500 and 1955 are being added to the ARK dataset. This also augments the dataset. However, it is currently not planned to publish an updated and enlarged version of all the titles contained in the "Alte Realkatalog".
 
 ### Preprocessing and cleaning
 
@@ -164,7 +166,7 @@ This dataset pertains to a difficult history insofar as it contains information
 
 ## Uses
 
-The dataset is suitable to serve the three tasks described above. Further possible uses are provenance research, especially with respect to books and documents looted by the Nazis, or the creation of a knowledge graph out of the PPNs contained in the "Alte Realkatalog", and the related data which can be retrieved online as described above. People using this dataset are welcome to provide feedback on this dataset and of the uses made of it to the dataset curators.
+The dataset is suitable to serve the three tasks described above. Further possible uses are provenance research, especially with respect to books and documents looted by the Nazis, or the creation of a knowledge graph out of the PPNs contained in the "Alte Realkatalog", and the related data which can be retrieved online as described above. Furthermore, the dataset can be used to examine the [metadata diversity](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2301.01193), the [data quality](https://doi.org/10.3233/SW-210441), and its potential to being transformed into [linked open data](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2301.11182). People using this dataset are welcome to provide feedback on this dataset and of the uses made of it to the dataset curators.
 
 ### Links to Related Datasets, Publications and Models 
 
@@ -174,13 +176,13 @@ The dataset contains links to several other datasets which can be retrieved onli
 
 This dataset describes historical titles (printed books, monographs, multi-volume works, journals) that have been published between 1501 and 1955. The social impact of the dataset might therefore be very low. However, since a part of these publications refer to colonial subjects, i.e. the populations of the German colonies between 1879 and 1915, harmful effects on these populations are thinkable.
 
-On a positive note, this dataset may be used to identify printed resources that contain valuable information on low-resource or underrepresented languages. These resources could help to support underserved communities.
+On a positive note, this dataset may be used to identify printed resources that contain valuable information on low-resource or underrepresented languages. These resources could be used to support underserved communities.
 
 ### Discussion of Biases
 
-This dataset definitely reflects at least two biases on different levels: The first bias comes along with the [classification system](https://ark.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/) established in the second half of the 19th century -- between 1842 and 1881 -- and which is foundational for the "Alte Realkatalog". This system reflects the biases of these former times, especially with regard to biologistic thinking and dismissive consideration of specific population groups. Some examples of problematic categories in the "Alte Realkatalog": The "physiology" subsection of the category "Medicine" lists "human races", and "negroes" and "Australians" as subcategories of "[individual main human species](https://ark.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/system_detail.php?id=70230)". Consequently, there are also a subsections "[eugenics](https://ark.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/system_detail.php?id=70220)" and "[laws for the prevention of hereditary diseases](https://ark.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/system_detail.php?id=70221)" to be found in the category "Medicine". The "Africa" subsection of the category "History" lists "[negroes, slave trade](https://ark.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/system_detail.php?id=146872)" as an own class, while the "economic science" subsection of the category "Political Science" lists "[colonisation](https://ark.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/system_detail.php?id=55185)" as an own class. The "other occidental languages" subsection of the category "Language and Literature" lists "[Gipsy language](https://ark.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/system_detail.php?id=222478)" as an own class, a classification which can be seen as a typical "other" category, and the "ethnography" subsection of the category "History" lists "[population groups and races](https://ark.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/system_detail.php?id=100550)" as an own class. Taken together, these categories reveal the racist, discriminatory and colonialist thinking of the time viewing people from a range of 'scientific' perspectives (such as economy, medicine, or ethnography). Especially problematic is the fact that the biologistic foundation of the thinking implies a 'naturalisation' of the classification system which at the same time legitimises the power structures of the era of colonialism AND is the *lingua franca* of a library system.
+This dataset definitely reflects at least two biases on different levels: The first bias is introduced by the [classification system](https://ark.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/) established in the second half of the 19th century – between 1842 and 1881 – and which is foundational for the "Alte Realkatalog". This system reflects the biases of these former times, especially with regard to biologistic thinking and dismissive consideration of specific population groups. Some examples of problematic categories in the "Alte Realkatalog" are as follows: The "physiology" subsection of the category "Medicine" lists "human races", and "negroes" and "Australians" as subcategories of "[individual main human species](https://ark.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/system_detail.php?id=70230)". Consequently, there are also a subsections "[eugenics](https://ark.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/system_detail.php?id=70220)" and "[laws for the prevention of hereditary diseases](https://ark.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/system_detail.php?id=70221)" to be found in the category "Medicine". The "Africa" subsection of the category "History" lists "[negroes, slave trade](https://ark.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/system_detail.php?id=146872)" as an own class, while the "economic science" subsection of the category "Political Science" lists "[colonisation](https://ark.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/system_detail.php?id=55185)" as an own class. The "other occidental languages" subsection of the category "Language and Literature" lists "[Gipsy language](https://ark.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/system_detail.php?id=222478)" as an own class, a classification which can be seen as a typical "other" category, and the "ethnography" subsection of the category "History" lists "[population groups and races](https://ark.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/system_detail.php?id=100550)" as an own class. Taken together, these categories reveal the racist, discriminatory and colonialist thinking of the time viewing people from a range of 'scientific' perspectives (such as economy, medicine, or ethnography). Especially problematic is the fact that the biologistic foundation of the thinking implies a 'naturalisation' of the classification system which at the same time legitimises the power structures of the era of colonialism AND is the *lingua franca* of a library system.
 
-The second bias to be named here is the uneven distribution of titles published over time. The biased classification system prepared in the second half of the 19th century was populated with the output of the rotary printing press, which was steeply increasing from the middle of the 19th century onwards and further accelerated with the invention of the offset press around 1870. While the absolute numbers of titles listed in the "Alte Realkatalog" stayed below 10.000 per year until about the 1870s, the numbers rise to about 20.000 per year around 1900, beyond 25.000 at the beginning of the First World War and beyond 35.000 per year at the beginning of the 1930s. While there has not yet been conducted a certainly illuminating analysis of how many titles were sorted into which category of the classification system over time, it seems most likely that, in terms of absolute numbers of titles published, this second bias exacerbates the first bias. 
+The second bias to be named here is the uneven distribution of titles published over time. The biased classification system prepared in the second half of the 19th century was populated with the output of the rotary printing press, which was steeply increasing from the middle of the 19th century onwards and further accelerated with the invention and use of the offset press around 1870. While the absolute numbers of titles listed in the "Alte Realkatalog" stayed below 10.000 per year until about the 1870s, the numbers rise to about 20.000 per year around 1900, beyond 25.000 at the beginning of the First World War and beyond 35.000 per year at the beginning of the 1930s. While there has not yet been conducted a certainly illuminating analysis of how many titles were sorted into which category of the classification system over time, it seems most likely that, in terms of absolute numbers of titles published, this second bias exacerbates the first bias. 
 
 As the "Alte Realkatalog" has to be understood as a documentation of a historical evolution of printed matter, no steps were to taken to mitigate these biases. Rather, further analysis of the named biases and further ones are encouraged.
 
@@ -200,9 +202,9 @@ The dataset fully complies with the European General Data Protection Regulation
 
 The dataset was curated and published by two members of the research project "Mensch.Maschine.Kultur" ("Human.Machine.Culture"):
 
-[Sophie Schneider, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin -- Berlin State Library](mailto:sophie.schneider@sbb.spk-berlin.de)
+[Sophie Schneider, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Berlin State Library](mailto:sophie.schneider@sbb.spk-berlin.de)
 
-[Jörg Lehmann, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin -- Berlin State Library](mailto:joerg.lehmann@sbb.spk-berlin.de)
+[Jörg Lehmann, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Berlin State Library](mailto:joerg.lehmann@sbb.spk-berlin.de)
 
 Both curators can be contacted with regard to an update or feedback to the datasheet and regarding technical issues. The curators are prepared to incorporate responses and comments into a new version of the datasheet if this deems sensible.
 
@@ -210,41 +212,43 @@ Both curators are university graduates temporarily working in a research project
 
 ### Licensing Information
 
-[Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International -- CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode)
+[Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International – CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode)
 
 ### Citation Information
 
 ```bibtex
-@dataset{lehmann_2024_DOI12783814,
+@dataset{lehmann_2024_DOI12783813,
   author       = {Schneider, Sophie and
                   Lehmann, Jörg},
   title        = {{Berlin State Library (2024). Metadata of the 
                    "Alte Realkatalog (ARK)" of Berlin State Library
                    (SBB)}},
-  month        = jul,
+  month        = aug,
   year         = 2024,
   publisher    = {Zenodo},
-  version      = {2024-07-22},
-  doi          = {10.5281/zenodo.12783814},
-  url          = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12783814}
+  version      = {2024-08-09},
+  doi          = {10.5281/zenodo.12783813},
+  url          = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12783813}
 }
 ```
 
-Berlin State Library (2024). Metadata of the "Alter Realkatalog (ARK)" of Berlin State Library (SBB). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12783814
+Berlin State Library (2024). Metadata of the "Alter Realkatalog (ARK)" of Berlin State Library (SBB). Zenodo. [https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12783813](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12783813)
 
 
 ### Contributions
 
-The "Alte Realkatalog" is a joint effort by librarians of the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin -- Berlin State Library since 1842 and all contributors to the central library system (CBS), through which the title data were retrieved in electronic form. However, as libraries have to reconsider their core tasks (the provision of metadata), this dataset publication transcends traditional librarian formats and provides a computer-amenable dataset.
+The "Alte Realkatalog" is a joint effort by librarians of the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Berlin State Library since 1842 and all contributors to the central library system (CBS), through which the title data were retrieved in electronic form. However, as libraries have to reconsider their core tasks (the provision of metadata), this dataset publication transcends traditional librarian formats and provides a computer-amenable dataset.
 
 ## Maintenance
 
 The maintenance of this dataset is limited. The data will not be updated, but any technical issues will be addressed during the lifetime of the research project "Mensch.Maschine.Kultur", in the context of which this dataset was established. The project ends in June 2025, and the dataset will be maintained at least until then.
 
-**MD5 and SHA256 hashes of the ARK-Metadaten.parquet:**
+The dataset consists of a single file (ARK-Metadaten.parquet) as well as the accompanying datasheet. The .parquet format enables large amounts of data to be processed and moved quickly. It is a specific data format that stores data in a columnar memory layout and has been developed by [Apache Arrow](https://arrow.apache.org/). Libraries are available for [C, C++, C#, Go, Java, JavaScript, Julia, MATLAB, Python, R, Ruby, and Rust](https://arrow.apache.org/docs/cpp/parquet.html). 
+
+**MD5 and SHA256 hashes of the file ARK-Metadaten.parquet:**
 
 MD5: e49380964d1df39c261e9d4e35f994b2
 
 SHA256: eb01e50deb8da8499cc218512655e056e49df28e47903674874e91b2f7101b1a
 
-Datasheet as of July 22nd, 2024
+Datasheet as of August 9th, 2024