text
stringlengths 8
300
| spo_list
list |
|---|---|
持续性抑郁症@### 注意力不集中 根据 DSM-5，至少应出现 6 项抑郁症状中的 2 项。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "持续性抑郁症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "注意力不集中"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
免疫系统疾病@一般而言，免疫反应是一种生理性保护反应，一旦这种适度、有益的保护性反应失衡，即可导致异常免疫反应，产生变态反应性疾病、自身免疫性疾病、免疫缺陷病及肿瘤。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "变态反应性疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "免疫反应"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "自身免疫性疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "免疫反应"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "免疫缺陷病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "免疫反应"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "免疫反应"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
小儿哮喘@减少哮喘急性发作率：有高质量的证据表明常规使用白三烯受体拮抗剂可以减少急性加重发生率和对吸入性皮质类固醇的剂量水平。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "小儿哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "吸入性皮质类固醇"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "小儿哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "白三烯受体拮抗剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
3.维生素K缺乏症 凝血因子由前体蛋白转变成具有生物活性的过程中需维生素K参与。早发型多在生后24小时内发病，经典型于生后2～3天发病，晚发型多于生后1个月后发病，临床可见鼻出血、脐残端出血、尿血、便血和颅内出血等。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "维生素K缺乏症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "鼻出血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "维生素K缺乏症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脐残端出血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "维生素K缺乏症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "维生素K缺乏症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "便血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "维生素K缺乏症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "颅内出血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
多发性骨髓瘤@帕比司他已在一些国家获得批准，除此药之外，还有其他泛-HDAC 或选择性 HDAC 抑制剂正在进行临床试验。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "多发性骨髓瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "帕比司他"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "多发性骨髓瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "选择性 HDAC 抑制剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
儿童偏头痛@### 中耳炎 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 出现发热明确提示不能确诊为偏头痛。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "儿童偏头痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "中耳炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "偏头痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
皮肤鳞状细胞癌@电离辐射、砷或者焦油、人乳头瘤病毒、免疫抑制、既往皮肤癌以及遗传皮肤病可能会增加鳞状细胞癌的患病风险。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "皮肤鳞状细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "砷或者焦油"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "皮肤鳞状细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "免疫抑制"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "皮肤鳞状细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "遗传皮肤病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "鳞状细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "电离辐射"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "鳞状细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "砷或者焦油"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "鳞状细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "人乳头瘤病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "鳞状细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "免疫抑制"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "鳞状细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "既往皮肤癌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "鳞状细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "遗传皮肤病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
狂犬病@ [ NaTHNaC/Travel Health Pro: rabies factsheet ](http://travelhealthpro.org.uk/rabies/) ### 狂犬病流行国家 在美国约有30%的病例是国外输入的。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "狂犬病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "狂犬病流行国家"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
缺铁通常经过以下3个阶段才发生贫血:①铁减少期（iron depletion,ID):此阶段体内贮存铁已减少,但供红细胞合成血红蛋白的铁尚未减少;②红细胞生成缺铁期（iron deficient erythropoiesis,IDE):此期贮存铁进一 步耗竭，红细胞生成所需的铁亦不足，但循环中血红蛋白的量尚未减少；③缺铁性贫血期（iron deficiency anemia,IDA):此期出现小细胞低色素性贫血，还有一些非造血系统的症状。 骨髓象 呈增生活跃，以中、晚幼红细胞增生为主。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "缺铁性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呈增生活跃"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
真菌性脑膜炎@脂质体两性霉素 B 在 HIV 感染的 PDH 患者中比常规两性霉素 B 脱氧胆酸盐制剂具有更好的疗效， 并且在脑组织中的浓度高于两性霉素 B 脂质复合物。真菌性脑膜炎@目前相关证据仍不充分，不建议将单独唑类抗真菌治疗用于CNS组织胞浆菌病。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "真菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "两性霉素 B"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
【实验室检査】 脑脊液检査 80% ~90%的吉兰-巴雷综合征患者脑脊液中蛋白增高，但白细胞计数和其他均正常，乃本病特征的蛋白-细胞分离现象。 脊髓磁共振 可能有助于对神经电生理检查未发现病变的患者建立诊断，典型患者脊髓MRI 可显示神经根强化。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "吉兰-巴雷综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脊髓磁共振"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "吉兰-巴雷综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑脊液检査"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
成人特发性高钙尿者最终可有40%～60%发生肾结石，而儿童仅有2%～5%可出现肾结石。儿童中以手术后制动、先天性肾小管功能紊乱及糖皮质激素引起较为常见。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "特发性高钙尿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "手术后制动"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "特发性高钙尿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "先天性肾小管功能紊乱"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "特发性高钙尿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "糖皮质激素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "特发性高钙尿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾结石"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
稳定型缺血性心脏疾病@## 监测 应定期随访患者进行症状和危险因素评估;监查并发症，包括心力衰竭和心律失常;促进其对生活方式干预和药物治疗的依从性。稳定型缺血性心脏疾病@开始时每隔4-6个月对患者进行一次随访，以帮助鼓励戒烟、控制体重、改变饮食结构及增加锻炼活动。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "戒烟"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "控制体重"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "改变饮食结构"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "增加锻炼活动"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心力衰竭"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心律失常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
正常菌群对肠黏液的正常发育有显著影响；同时参与食物的消化和吸收过程，双歧杆菌能分泌各种酶，将不溶性蛋白、脂肪和糖变为可溶性，以利新陈代谢；双歧杆菌促进铁、钙和维生素D吸收，防止佝偻病；双歧杆菌和大肠杆菌还可合成B族和K族维生素；正常菌群不仅是抗原，而且具有调节产生抗体的B细胞和T辅助细胞、巨噬细胞和肥大细胞的功能，产生特异和非特异性免疫功能，对侵入肠道的致病菌有一定的拮抗作用；当然在人体抵抗力下降或消化道功能紊乱时，菌群中许多致病菌大量繁殖进入小肠、胃或者肠管以外脏器，发生内源性感染。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "预防",
"subject": "佝偻病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "双歧杆菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
}
] |
小细胞肺癌@所有的化疗药物都可能引起骨髓抑制、呕吐、脱发和疲乏。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "小细胞肺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "骨髓抑制"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "小细胞肺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呕吐、脱发和疲乏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
骨性关节炎@建议适当的使用矫形鞋。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "骨性关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "矫形鞋"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
【病理】 APSGN的早期肾活检主要为弥漫性毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎。对惊厥者可用地西泮（diazepan，valium）每次0. 3mg/kg静注或苯巴比妥（phenobarbital）每次5～8mg/kg肌注治疗。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "APSGN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "地西泮"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "APSGN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "苯巴比妥"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "组织学检查",
"subject": "APSGN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾活检"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "地西泮",
"subject_type": "药物",
"object": {
"@value": "diazepan"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "地西泮",
"subject_type": "药物",
"object": {
"@value": "valium"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "苯巴比妥",
"subject_type": "药物",
"object": {
"@value": "phenobarbital"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
（五）其他 缺血、窒息、休克、脓毒血症、自身免疫性肝炎等。 【发病机制】 ALF的发病机制目前仍不甚明确。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "ALF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "缺血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "ALF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "窒息"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "ALF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "休克"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "脓毒血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "ALF"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "自身免疫性肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "ALF"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "ALF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脓毒血症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "ALF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "自身免疫性肝炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
持续性抑郁症@此外，所使用的舍曲林和丙咪嗪剂量相当高，但应答率比急性重性抑郁症研究的应答率要低。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "持续性抑郁症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "舍曲林"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "持续性抑郁症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "丙咪嗪"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
6.慢性肾炎型。 由于HSPN在急性期有特征性出血性皮疹、腹痛、肠出血、关节炎和肾炎等特点，因此不难诊断。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "HSPN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "慢性肾炎型"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "HSPN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "出血性皮疹"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "HSPN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "HSPN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肠出血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "HSPN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "关节炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "HSPN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
自身免疫性肝炎@结果 某些 1 型自身免疫性肝炎的患者呈阳性 ### 抗-LKM-1（肝/肾微粒体 1 型抗原抗体） 检查 结果 检查 是诊断 2 型自身免疫性肝炎的典型血清学标记物。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "自身免疫性肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗-LKM-1"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "抗-LKM-1",
"subject_type": "检查",
"object": {
"@value": "肝/肾微粒体 1 型抗原抗体"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
溶血性贫血@停用致病药物（例如可疑药物）和支持性治疗是许多亚型的主要疗法。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "停用致病药物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "支持性治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
临床上绝大多数脑白质损伤发生在早产儿，尤其是极不成熟的早产儿，因为早产儿支配脑白质的血管分支发育尚未完善，脑血流调节功能较薄弱，且脑白质区的少突胶质细胞发育尚不成熟，易遭受兴奋性毒性氨基酸以及过氧化损伤。 2.围产期缺氧缺血 包括母亲、胎儿、脐带胎盘等各方面原因，如妊娠高血压综合征、胎儿宫内窘迫、脐带绕颈、胎盘早剥、产时窒息，也可由生后严重心肺疾病所致，如肺透明膜病、呼吸暂停、先天性心脏病等。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "脑白质损伤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "围产期缺氧缺血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
帕金森病@其他检查和脑部 MRI 扫描结果正常。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "帕金森病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "MRI 扫描"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
帕金森病@3\. 至少符合以下支持性（前瞻性）标准中的三项： * 单侧起病 * 存在静止性震颤 * 疾病逐渐进展 * 症状持续的不对称，主要累及起病侧 * 对左旋多巴的治疗反应非常好 (70%-100%) * 严重的左旋多巴诱导的舞蹈症 * 左旋多巴的治疗效果持续 5 年或以上 * 临床病程 10 年或以上。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "帕金森病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "单侧起病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "帕金森病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "存在静止性震颤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "帕金森病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "疾病逐渐进展"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "帕金森病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "左旋多巴"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
（一）急性期 新发病，临床症状明显而多变，病程多不超过6个月。小婴儿则拒食、阵阵烦闹、软弱无力、手足凉、呼吸困难。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性期",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "拒食"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性期",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阵阵烦闹"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性期",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "软弱无力"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性期",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "手足凉"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性期",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸困难"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
慢性阻塞性肺疾病@颈静脉怒张、P2 亢进、下肢水肿和肝肿大是肺心病的体征。 慢性阻塞性肺疾病@持续氧疗是主要治疗。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "肺心病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "持续氧疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肺心病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "颈静脉怒张"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肺心病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "P2 亢进"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肺心病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "下肢水肿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肺心病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝肿大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
第二节 急进性肾小球肾炎 急进性肾小球肾炎（rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis，RPGN）简称急进性肾炎，系急进性肾炎综合征。此外，RPGN多在2～3个月内出现肾衰竭，因而从肾衰出现时间上也有时被称为“亚急性肾小球肾炎”。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "急进性肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾衰竭"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（症状）",
"subject": "急进性肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "亚急性肾小球肾炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "急进性肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "急进性肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "RPGN"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "急进性肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急进性肾炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "急进性肾炎综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急进性肾小球肾炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
基底细胞癌@### 转移病灶 查看全部 首选 – 维莫德吉 #### 第一选择 [ 维莫德吉 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 请教专家以指导用量 对于已有转移的患者建议使用维莫德吉来降低肿瘤负荷。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "基底细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "维莫德吉"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
川崎病@ 【辅助检查】 轻度贫血，外周血白细胞数增加，以中性粒细胞增加为主，有核左移现象。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "川崎病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "外周血白细胞数"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
铅中毒@### 异食癖 儿童出现喜欢吃非营养物质的疾病。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "铅中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "异食癖"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
第七节 室性心动过速 室性心动过速（简称室速）起源于希氏束分叉部位以下的一系列（3个或以上）宽大QRS波组成的心动过速。室性心动过速@室速应及时处理，因其可引起低血压或发展成室颤。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "室性心动过速",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "低血压"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "室性心动过速",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "室颤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "室性心动过速",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "室速"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "室速",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "低血压"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "室速",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "室颤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
胃炎@一项系统评价和 meta 分析表明，根除 _幽门螺杆菌_ 感染与胃癌发病率降低有关。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "放射治疗",
"subject": "胃癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "根除 _幽门螺杆菌_ 感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
脑炎@### 在丛林狩猎/徒步 与莱姆病和狂犬病有关（接触患有狂犬病的动物）。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "在丛林狩猎/徒步"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "莱姆病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "在丛林狩猎/徒步"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "狂犬病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "在丛林狩猎/徒步"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
稳定型缺血性心脏疾病@## 病史和查体 ### 关键诊断因素 ### 常见 查看全部 ### 发病的危险因素 主要危险因素包括吸烟，高血压，高血脂，孤立的低水平高密度脂蛋白胆固醇，糖尿病，缺乏运动，肥胖，家族性高胆固醇血症性黄瘤病冠心病，男性和使用违禁药品。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "吸烟"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高血压"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高血脂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "糖尿病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "缺乏运动"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肥胖"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "男性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "使用违禁药品"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
破伤风@局部肿胀、压痛或渗出可能明显。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "破伤风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "局部肿胀"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "破伤风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "压痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "破伤风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "渗出"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
肛门癌@常见的典型症状是出血和肛门疼痛。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肛门癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "出血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肛门癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肛门疼痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
（二）症状 1.低体温 体温常在35℃以下，重症＜30℃，仅26℃左右。 表5-14 新生儿硬肿症诊断分度评分标准 注： （1）体温、硬肿范围和器官功能改变分别评分，总分为0分属轻度，1～3分为中度，4分及以上为重度 （2）硬肿范围计算：头颈部20%，双上肢18%，前胸及腹部14%，背部及腰骶部14%，臀部8%，双下肢26% （3）器官功能低下，包括不吃、不哭、反应低下、心率慢或心电图、血生化异常；器官功能衰竭指休克、心力衰竭、DIC、肺出血、肾衰竭等 （4）体温＜35℃时，腋-肛温差负值提示机体产热衰竭，0或正值为未衰竭 4.感染并存者常并发肺炎、败血症。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "新生儿硬肿症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "低体温"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "新生儿硬肿症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "低体温"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "新生儿硬肿症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "新生儿硬肿症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "败血症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
口咽癌@[ 口疮 ](/topics/zh-cn/564) ### 口腔梅毒 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 孤立的边缘不规则的深基底溃疡，伴有颈部淋巴结肿大；口交史。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "口咽癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "口疮"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
妊娠期高血压@一篇综述发现，补充锌可以相对减少14%的早产，但低出生体重儿数目无伴随减少。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "预防",
"subject": "早产",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "补充锌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
}
] |
睾丸癌@这种反应可能是急性的，也可能会延迟，在化疗后几天出现。 睾丸癌@[ 恶心和呕吐的评估 ](/topics/zh-cn/631) ### 不育 | 短期 | 中 在治疗中出现。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "睾丸癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "不育"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
【诊断】 支气管肺炎的诊断比较简单,一般有发热、咳嗽、呼吸急促的症状，肺部听诊闻及中、细湿啰音和 (或)胸部影像学有肺炎的改变均可诊断为支气管肺炎。 2.针对某些常见细菌和病毒病原，疫苗预防接种可有效降低儿童肺炎患病率。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "预防",
"subject": "支气管肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "疫苗预防接种"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "支气管肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "支气管肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "咳嗽"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "支气管肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸急促"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "支气管肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺部听诊"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
第三节 肢带型肌营养不良 最初的肢带型肌营养不良（limb-girdle muscular dystrophy，LGMD）的分型由Walton及Nattrass于1954年确定。随着分子生物学的进展，LGMD有了新的分类，主要分为两类：LGMD1为常染色体显性遗传，LGMD2为常染色体隐性遗传（表16-16）。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "肢带型肌营养不良",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "LGMD1"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "肢带型肌营养不良",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "LGMD2"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "肢带型肌营养不良",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "limb-girdle muscular dystrophy"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "肢带型肌营养不良",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "LGMD"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
从而引起巨幼红细胞性贫血。这是由于维生素B12缺乏可引起神经系统有鞘神经纤维脂质代谢障碍。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病机制",
"subject": "巨幼红细胞性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "维生素B12缺乏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
（三）病理反射 1.巴彬斯基（Babinski）征（简称巴氏征） 检查方法同跖反射。若表现为趾背曲，其他四趾呈扇形分开，称为巴氏征阳性，或伸直性跖反射。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "巴彬斯基（Babinski）征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "趾背曲"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "巴彬斯基（Babinski）征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "其他四趾呈扇形分开"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "巴彬斯基（Babinski）征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "伸直性跖反射"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "巴彬斯基（Babinski）征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "巴氏征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
急性链球菌感染后肾炎的发病机制见图12-1。电镜检查可见内皮细胞胞质肿胀,呈连拱状改变,使内皮孔消失。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "急性链球菌感染后肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "电镜"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
唇腭裂@ * 如果有严重的畸形或鼻孔狭窄伴鼻腔完全阻塞，鼻部整形术可立刻在选定的唇裂病例中进行最终唇裂修复术后和鼻中隔成形术前任何时间进行。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "唇腭裂",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "鼻中隔成形术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
口咽癌@ 放疗将会成为HPV阳性扁桃体癌的治疗首选。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "放射治疗",
"subject": "HPV阳性扁桃体癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "放疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
溃疡性结肠炎@### 血便 直肠指检可发血性液体。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "直肠指检"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
血吸虫病@虫卵在肠壁沉积所致的炎症也会导致慢性腹泻。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "血吸虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "慢性腹泻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
体格检查仅见前囟张力增高，而少有其他脑膜刺激征。有些病儿直到尸检时才发现其为化脑。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "化脑",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体格检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "化脑",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "前囟张力增高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "化脑",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "少有其他脑膜刺激征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
缺血性卒中@一次或多次短暂性脑缺血发作 (TIA) 可能是陈旧性的，有时可能在卒中前发作，属于警示症状或体征。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "缺血性卒中",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "短暂性脑缺血发作"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
宫颈癌@## 流行病学 在世界范围内，宫颈癌是女性中第四大常见的恶性肿瘤，估计每年新增病例 52.8 万例，死亡 26.6 万例。宫颈癌@ 在欧洲，估计每年新发宫颈癌 5.84 万例。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "宫颈癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "5.84 万例"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "宫颈癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "52.8 万例"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "死亡率",
"subject": "宫颈癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "26.6 万例"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
凡符合HLH的临床诊断标准，或髙度怀疑HLH而未完全达到诊断标准且病情进展迅速者，应立即开始治疗。要加强对症支持治疗，及时合理地处理感染、出血和多脏器功能衰竭等并发症，以期提高本病的救治成功率。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "HLH",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "HLH",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "出血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "HLH",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多脏器功能衰竭"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
在成人血尿患者中，TBMN占31%。在小儿中，TBMN的发生率更高，它分别占小儿肾活体组织检查患者和小儿血尿患者的9%和50%。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "TBMN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "31%"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "TBMN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "9%"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "TBMN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "50%"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
（二）皮内毛细血管瘤 有3种临床变异型，出生后即有。 2.葡萄酒色斑 呈暗紫色，出生时即有，很少扩展，面部葡萄酒色斑可能伴有颅内血管瘤，即Sturge-Weber综合征。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "皮内毛细血管瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "葡萄酒色斑"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "葡萄酒色斑",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呈暗紫色"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "葡萄酒色斑",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "出生时即有"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "葡萄酒色斑",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "很少扩展"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
失眠症@## 病史和查体 ### 关键诊断因素 ### 常见 查看全部 ### 危险因素的存在 主要危险因素包括：女性、年龄增长、慢性身体或心理疾病以及使用酒精、药物或兴奋剂。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "失眠症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "女性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "失眠症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "年龄增长"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "失眠症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "慢性身体"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "失眠症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心理疾病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "失眠症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "使用酒精"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "失眠症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "药物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "失眠症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "兴奋剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
川崎病@ 【鉴别诊断】 （一）猩红热 皮疹发生早（1～2天），粟粒样均匀丘疹，疹间皮肤潮红，发病年龄普遍＞3岁，青霉素治疗有效。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "川崎病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "猩红热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
（二）慢性再障治疗 慢性再障的发病机制以造血微循环的缺陷为主，其中一部分发展成重型再障（SAA-Ⅱ型），则与免疫紊乱抑制造血功能有关。急性再障预后甚差，如未能得到有效治疗者，绝大多数一年内死亡，有的甚至2～3月内夭亡。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "预后状况",
"subject": "慢性再障治疗",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "甚差"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "预后"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "慢性再障治疗",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "重型再障"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "慢性再障治疗",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "造血微循环"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "预后状况",
"subject": "急性再障",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "甚差"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "预后"
}
}
] |
皮肤鳞状细胞癌@存在鳞状细胞癌的患者经常伴发大量日光性角化。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "鳞状细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "日光性角化"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
妊娠期高血压@患者如出现症状，或患者收缩压≥160mmHg或舒张压≥110mmHg，分娩前通常使用静脉类药物（如肼屈嗪或拉贝洛尔）进行治疗。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "妊娠期高血压",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肼屈嗪"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "妊娠期高血压",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "拉贝洛尔"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
早产@孕22周后，也可以通过宫颈阴道分泌物中的胎儿纤连蛋白预测。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "早产",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胎儿纤连蛋白预测"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
麻疹感染@麻疹并发症更常见于免疫功能受损和营养不良者，包括肺炎、喉气管炎、中耳炎和脑炎。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "麻疹感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "麻疹感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "喉气管炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "麻疹感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "中耳炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "麻疹感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
垂体功能减退@突发剧烈头痛的患者，需考虑垂体卒中的可能性。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "垂体卒中",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "突发剧烈头痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
儿童偏头痛@### 年龄＞2 岁 由于偏头痛的定义主要基于症状，2岁以内儿童很少诊断偏头痛，但此后诊断随年龄增长稳步增加。 儿童偏头痛@男孩和女孩的平均发病年龄分别为 7.2 岁和 10.9 岁，20% 的儿童在 5 岁以前初次发病。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病年龄",
"subject": "偏头痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "10.9 岁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病年龄",
"subject": "儿童偏头痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "年龄＞2 岁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病年龄",
"subject": "偏头痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "2岁以内儿童"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病年龄",
"subject": "儿童偏头痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "7.2 岁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病年龄",
"subject": "儿童偏头痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "10.9 岁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "儿童偏头痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "20% 的儿童"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
百日咳@研究表明即便接受常规的百白破疫苗，具有易患耳炎倾向的小于24个月的婴幼儿体内疫苗抗体浓度仍较低，不能起到预防作用。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "预防",
"subject": "百日咳",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "百白破疫苗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
}
] |
帕金森病@结果 基底节（壳核）突触前多巴胺摄取减少 ### 嗅觉测试 检查 结果 检查 帕金森病在临床上作出诊断，对于无非典型特征的病例，不需要进行其他诊断试验。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "帕金森病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "嗅觉测试"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
第四节 哮喘持续状态第八篇 呼吸系统疾病 第十一章 支气管哮喘【诱发因素】 【临床表现】 【治疗】 1.吸氧 2.保持呼吸道湿润 3.支气管扩张药 4.应用糖皮质激素 5.控制感染 6.观察和监护 7.机械通气哮喘持续状态是指对常规哮喘治疗反应差，呈急性进行性加重的严重发作，如不及时处理会发展成呼吸衰竭。 除了喷射雾化吸入β2受体兴奋剂外，还可同时吸入抗胆碱能药物；它能够减轻气道炎症引起的局部迷走神经反射，与β2受体兴奋剂合用有互补作用。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "支气管哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "β2受体兴奋剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "支气管哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗胆碱能药物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "支气管哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "吸氧"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "支气管哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "控制感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "支气管哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "支气管扩张药"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "支气管哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "观察和监护"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "呼吸衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "机械通气哮喘持续状态"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "支气管哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "糖皮质激素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
【隐睾并发症】 隐睾可发生于单侧或双侧，以单侧较为多见。 3.睾丸损伤 由于睾丸处在腹股沟管内或耻骨结节附近，比较表浅，容易受到外力的直接损伤。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "隐睾",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "睾丸损伤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "睾丸损伤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "隐睾"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "隐睾",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "单侧"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "隐睾",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "双侧"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
小儿哮喘@结果 正常或显示过度通气 ### 需要考虑的检查 ### 查看全部 ### 最大呼气峰流速（PEFR） 检查 结果 检查 PEFR值低于标准年龄身高预测值正常范围，这与气道阻塞结果一致。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "小儿哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "正常或显示过度通气"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "最大呼气峰流速",
"subject_type": "检查",
"object": {
"@value": "PEFR"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "小儿哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "最大呼气峰流速"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
类癌综合征@结果 升高 ### 尿 5-羟基吲哚乙酸 检查 结果 检查 收集 24 小时尿液获得 为得到精确的结果在收集前的 48 小时，收集过程中的 24 小时，需要限制饮食。类癌综合征@在中肠类癌的患者中，敏感性大约为 60%-70%，虽然也有报道过更高的敏感性。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "中肠类癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿 5-羟基吲哚乙酸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "类癌综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿 5-羟基吲哚乙酸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
肝癌@ 另外，一级亲属的肝癌家族史似乎是发生肝癌的一个明显危险因素。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "遗传因素",
"subject": "肝癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "一级亲属的肝癌家族史"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
登革热@应密切监视患者，包括生命体征、末梢灌注、体液平衡、血细胞比容、血小板计数、尿量、温度、血糖、肝功、肾功能和凝血功能。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "登革热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血细胞比容"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "登革热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血小板计数"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "登革热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血糖"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "登革热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾功能"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "登革热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝功"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
一、膀胱外翻 膀胱外翻是1597年由Von Grafenberg首先描述，1780年Chaussier始用膀胱外翻（bladder exstrophy）一词。 【临床表现】 膀胱外翻涉及整个下腹部及盆腔脏器的发育异常，包括腹壁肌肉、骨盆骨骼、泌尿生殖系统及直肠肛门。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "膀胱外翻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹壁肌肉"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "膀胱外翻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "泌尿生殖系统"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "膀胱外翻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "直肠肛门"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
儿童偏头痛@检查 脑部 CT：在无局灶性神经系统缺陷时，高血压、心动过缓或意识水平改变时，CT 可能正常。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "儿童偏头痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑部 CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "儿童偏头痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "局灶性神经系统缺陷"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "儿童偏头痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高血压"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "儿童偏头痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心动过缓"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "儿童偏头痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "意识水平改变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "儿童偏头痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
急性髓性白血病@坏疽性脓皮病的特点是存在腿部溃疡或不太常见的手部溃疡。急性髓性白血病@其出现是免疫功能障碍所导致的结果之一，并且可能与 AML 有关。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "免疫功能障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "坏疽性脓皮病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "坏疽性脓皮病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腿部溃疡"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "坏疽性脓皮病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "手部溃疡"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "AML",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "免疫功能障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "免疫功能障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "AML"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
阿尔茨海默病@### 人格改变 人格会发生轻微改变，对日常活动的兴趣减退可能较明显。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "阿尔茨海默病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "人格改变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
3. CNSL及其他髓外白血病 预防采用头颅放疗预防CNSL者越来越少。推荐用大剂量甲氨蝶呤（HDMTX）和鞘内化疗进行CNSL预防。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "CNSL及其他髓外白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "大剂量甲氨蝶呤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "化疗",
"subject": "CNSL及其他髓外白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "鞘内化疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
前列腺癌@高风险疾病的定义为，至少满足以下条件之一：T3-4 期，PSA＞20 μg/L (＞20 ng/mL)，或者 Gleason 8-10 分。 前列腺癌@疾病持续状态 ### 转移病变 查看全部 首选 – 雄激素剥夺治疗±多西他赛 #### 第一选择 [ 多西紫杉醇 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 参照当地专家医师剂量方案指南。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "前列腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多西他赛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
三、化脓性胸膜炎 化脓性胸膜炎（purulent pleurisy）又称脓胸（empyema），是指胸膜腔内有脓液积聚。近年来由于抗生素的广泛应用，本病发生率已明显降低。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "化脓性胸膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发生率已明显降低"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "化脓性胸膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "purulent pleurisy"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "化脓性胸膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脓胸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "脓胸",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "empyema"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病机制",
"subject": "化脓性胸膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "指胸膜腔内有脓液积聚"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
癫痫持续状态@第二 – 苯妥英或磷苯妥英 + 支持疗法 #### 第一选择 [ 磷苯妥英 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 作为负荷剂量静脉给予 20 mg PE/kg，需要时给予第二剂 5-10 mg PE/kg 或 [ 苯妥英 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 作为负荷剂量以不超过 50 mg/min 的速率静脉给予 20 mg/kg，需要时给予第二剂 5-10 mg/kg 苯妥英和磷苯妥英有效性相同。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "癫痫持续状态",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "苯妥英"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "癫痫持续状态",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "磷苯妥英"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "癫痫持续状态",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "支持疗法"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
稳定型缺血性心脏疾病@[ 心包炎 ](/topics/zh-cn/243) ### 肺栓塞 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 呼吸困难是急性肺栓塞的最常见的症状。稳定型缺血性心脏疾病@呼吸急促和心动过速是最常见的症状。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肺栓塞",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸急促"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肺栓塞",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心动过速"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性肺栓塞",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸困难"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
本病是最常见的小儿肾脏疾病，据1982年全国105所医院儿科住院病人统计，APSGN占同期住院泌尿系统疾病病人的53%。预后良好，绝大多数完全恢复，少数（1%～2%）可迁延不愈而转为慢性。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "预后状况",
"subject": "APSGN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "良好"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "预后"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "预后状况",
"subject": "APSGN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "完全恢复"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "预后"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "预后状况",
"subject": "APSGN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "迁延不愈而转为慢性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "预后"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "就诊科室",
"subject": "小儿肾脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "儿科"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
}
] |
头围过大见于脑积水、巨脑症以及某些脑脂质沉积症等，也可能有家族特征。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脑积水",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头围过大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "巨脑症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头围过大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脑脂质沉积症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头围过大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
痛风@ 大约三分之一接受 BCX4208 的患者达到血清尿酸＜360 μmol/L (＜6 mg/dL)，与剂量无关。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "BCX4208"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
胃炎@上消化道造影和/或CT有可能获得化脓性胃炎的影像学确诊证据。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "化脓性胃炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "上消化道造影"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "化脓性胃炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
铅中毒@但是，如果妊娠患者出现脑病，则必须仔细评估螯合治疗的风险与脑病本身对母体和胎儿的危险，这种情况下，螯合治疗可能合适。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "铅中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
【X线检查】 腹部X线平片检查对诊断NEC有非常大的价值，但早产儿NEC表现不典型，要多次随访检查，观察动态变化。 （二）进展期变化 包括：①肠腔胀气加重，液平增多，呈阶梯状，提示病变累及肌层；②肠壁黏膜下层出现积气，表现为密集的小泡沫样透亮区，称肠壁囊样积气（pneumatosis intestinalis），浆膜下积气呈细条状、半弧形或环状透亮影；③肠壁积气时间较长，气体可从肠壁上升至门静脉，导致门静脉积气，在肝的门脉处呈现树枝样向上的透亮影，可在4小时内被吸收消失；④肠管固定；⑤腹腔积液，急性肠穿孔时出现气腹，如穿孔处被肠系膜覆盖封闭，逸出的气体被吸收后，X片上不易显示。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "NEC",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肠管固定"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "NEC",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹部X线平片检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
产后抑郁症@ 怀孕期间的婚姻问题、缺乏伴侣支持与产后抑郁症风险增加中度相关。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "产后抑郁症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "怀孕期间的婚姻问题"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "产后抑郁症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "缺乏伴侣支持"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "产后抑郁症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "怀孕期间的婚姻问题"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
第三节 右室双出口 右室双出口（double outlets of right ventricle）是指当两根大血管完全或接近完全起自右心室，占出生婴儿的0. 032‰。但由于在病理解剖研究中比较容易准确判断骑跨的大动脉瓣与下方室间隔的相互连接关系，因此其诊断标准为当两根大动脉根部一半以上的周边均连接至同一心室时即诊断为右室双出口。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "右室双出口",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "大动脉瓣"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "右室双出口",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "下方室"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "右室双出口",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "double outlets of right ventricle"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "右室双出口",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "大血管"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "右室双出口",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "右心室"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
慢性胰腺炎@早期慢性胰腺炎患者出现糖耐量异常是由于胰岛素抵抗造成的，而重度慢性胰腺炎患者出现糖耐量异常的原因则是胰岛素分泌不足（由胰岛细胞损伤、萎缩和损失造成）。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "糖耐量异常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "重度慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胰岛素分泌不足"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "重度慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "糖耐量异常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
一般将儿童语言问题分为三种类型： （1）语言表达障碍： 小儿语言的理解正常，但表达特别困难，无生理性缺陷所致的发音困难。 （3）语言信息处理问题： 小儿说话流利，但内容非常肤浅，而且在语言交流中，难以保持话题，小儿只关注自己所选择的话题上。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "儿童语言问题",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "语言信息处理问题"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "儿童语言问题",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "语言表达障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
【临床表现】 输尿管膨出可无任何症状，尤其是单纯型的，多在超声检查时被偶然发现。 【诊断】 静脉尿路造影（IVU）和排尿性膀胱尿道造影（VCUG）是主要的诊断方法。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "输尿管膨出",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "静脉尿路造影"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "输尿管膨出",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "IVU"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "输尿管膨出",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "排尿性膀胱尿道造影"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "输尿管膨出",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "VCUG"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "输尿管膨出",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "超声检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
【病因】 疱疹性口炎又称疱疹性齿龈口炎，由疱疹病毒感染而引起，通过飞沫和接触传染。疱底细胞、病毒分离和血清学实验可帮助诊断。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "疱疹性口炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "疱底细胞"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "疱疹性口炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "病毒分离"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "疱疹性口炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血清学实验"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "疱疹性口炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "疱疹性齿龈口炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "疱疹性口炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "疱疹病毒感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "传播途径",
"subject": "疱疹性口炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "飞沫和接触"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
非小细胞肺癌@可疑的实质病变和纵隔淋巴结也可以活检。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "组织学检查",
"subject": "非小细胞肺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "活检"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
第五章 青紫型先天性心脏病 第一节 法洛四联症 法洛四联症（tetralogy of Fallot，TOF）是最常见的青紫型先天性心脏病，约占青紫型先天性心脏病的70%左右，约占所有先天性心脏病的10%。 （四）阵发性缺氧 发作多见于婴儿，发生的诱因为吃奶、哭闹、情绪激动、贫血、感染等。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "法洛四联症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阵发性缺氧"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "法洛四联症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "婴儿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "法洛四联症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "tetralogy of Fallot"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "tetralogy of Fallot",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "法洛四联症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "TOF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "法洛四联症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "法洛四联症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "先天性心脏病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "法洛四联症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "青紫型先天性心脏病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
肛门癌@### 男男性行为者 男男性行为者罹患肛门癌的风险较高。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "肛门癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "男男性行为者"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
IRS Ⅲ的结果显示，膀胱和前列腺部横纹肌肉瘤患者在接受加强化疗和早期放疗后，其成活率仅次于头颈部横纹肌肉瘤患者。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "横纹肌肉瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "膀胱"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "放射治疗",
"subject": "横纹肌肉瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "早期放疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "化疗",
"subject": "横纹肌肉瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "加强化疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
登革热@[ 西尼罗河病毒 ](/topics/zh-cn/602) ### 疟疾 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 流行地区旅游史 典型表现：发作性寒战后高热、出汗。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "登革热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "疟疾"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "疟疾",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发作性寒战后高热、出汗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
转移性乳腺癌@### 定义 当乳腺癌病变范围超出乳腺及同侧（腋窝、内乳、锁骨下、锁骨上）淋巴结时，考虑为转移性乳腺癌 (metastatic breast cancer, MBC)。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "乳腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "转移性乳腺癌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |