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【临床表现】 大多数患儿在青春期发病，＜5岁者发病少见。儿童甲亢临床过程个体差异很大，症状逐渐加重，症状开始到确诊时间一般在6～12个月。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病年龄",
"subject": "儿童甲亢",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "青春期"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
肾小球肾炎@[ 肾癌 ](/topics/zh-cn/261) ### 肾前性或肾后性肾衰竭 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 除了潜在的病因学表现外，患者可伴不明显的一般性症状（疲乏、食欲减退和恶心）。 肾小球肾炎@肾脏影像（超声或 CT）可见梗阻性尿路病。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "肾后性肾衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾脏影像"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾前性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾后性肾衰竭"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肾后性肾衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "疲乏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肾后性肾衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "食欲减退"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肾后性肾衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "恶心"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
房室间隔缺损可合并其他心内结构的合并畸形，主要包括： 1.心室发育不良 依据两侧心室发育情况，可将房室间隔缺损房室间隔缺损分为均衡、左优势和右优势三个亚型。腱束、瓣叶附着异常、漏斗隔向后移位、异常乳头肌向流出道延伸等均可造成左心室流出道梗阻。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "房室间隔缺损",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "左心室流出道梗阻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "房室间隔缺损",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心室发育不良"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "心室发育不良",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "左优势"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "心室发育不良",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "右优势"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
2.控制抽搐 硫酸镁是治疗子痫及预防复发的首选药物。当患者存在硫酸镁应用禁忌或硫酸镁治疗无效时，可考虑应用地西泮、苯妥英钠或冬眠合剂控制抽搐。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "子痫",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "地西泮"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "子痫",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "苯妥英钠"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "子痫",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "冬眠合剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "子痫",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "硫酸镁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
类癌综合征@[ 肠易激综合征 ](/topics/zh-cn/122) ### 克罗恩病 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 右下象限痛和肛周病变。类癌综合征@也可出现口腔病变。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "克罗恩病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "口腔病变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "类癌综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肠易激综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "类癌综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "克罗恩病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "克罗恩病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "右下象限痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "克罗恩病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肛周病变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
溃疡性结肠炎@急性严重结肠炎会导致暴发性结肠炎或中毒性巨结肠，特点是肠病变薄、肠腔扩张，最终导致肠壁穿孔。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "急性严重结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "暴发性结肠炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "急性严重结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "中毒性巨结肠"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性严重结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肠腔扩张"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性严重结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肠壁穿孔"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性严重结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肠病变薄"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
国外文献报道15岁以下儿童脑出血和蛛网膜下腔出血的发病率为2. 5/10万。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "脑出血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "2. 5/10万"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "蛛网膜下腔出血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "2. 5/10万"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
妊娠胆汁淤积@## 检查 ### 首要检查 ### 查看全部 ### 胆汁酸 检查 结果 检查 对任何患有瘙痒合并没有因可识别的皮疹导致的皮肤抓痕的孕妇的医嘱。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "妊娠胆汁淤积",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胆汁酸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
第五节 肢体保留性治疗 长期以来，恶性骨肿瘤的治疗中，截肢一直被推崇为外科治疗的主要手段。 3.人工关节假体功能重建 这是肢体保留治疗中采用最多的一种方法。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "恶性骨肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "人工关节假体功能重建"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "恶性骨肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "截肢"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
肾小球肾炎@一般会给予血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂或血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂以减少蛋白尿。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
白喉@在第二轮抗生素治疗结束后，应该重新培养。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "白喉",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗生素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
二、浆液性胸膜炎 浆液性胸膜炎，又称渗出性胸膜炎或浆液纤维素性胸膜炎（serofibrinous pleurisy）或浆液血性胸膜炎（serosanguineous pleurisy），大多与肺部非化脓性细菌感染，如结核、病毒性肺炎（如腺病毒肺炎）、真菌性肺炎及支原体肺炎有关，亦可发生于腹部或纵隔炎症过程中，少数与肿瘤、结缔组织疾病等有关。随着胸腔内液体的积聚，胸痛症状逐渐消失。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "浆液性胸膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸腔"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "浆液性胸膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "渗出性胸膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "浆液性胸膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "浆液纤维素性胸膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "浆液纤维素性胸膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "serofibrinous pleurisy"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "浆液性胸膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "浆液血性胸膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "浆液血性胸膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "serosanguineous pleurisy"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
B族链球菌感染@### 案例 #2 一名 72 岁的女性糖尿病患者因发热38.2℃（100.8℉）、心动过速（110 bpm）、呼吸频率加快（24次/分）和轻度意识模糊从养老院来院就诊。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "B族链球菌感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "B族链球菌感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心动过速"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "B族链球菌感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸频率加快"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
小儿哮喘@ 目前对吸入性皮质类固醇剂量超过多少开始使用长效β受体激动剂还不确定。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "小儿哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "吸入性皮质类固醇"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
HIV 感染@ ### HIV 相关的肺病 | 长期 | 低 慢性阻塞性肺病 (COPD) 是在 HIV 患者中诊断出的最常见慢性肺病，在不同患者队列中其患病率约为 20%。HIV 感染@HIV 感染是否是除吸烟或细菌性肺部感染之外导致肺病的独立危险因素，目前尚不明确。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "HIV 感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "慢性阻塞性肺病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "慢性阻塞性肺病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "COPD"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "慢性阻塞性肺病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "20%"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "HIV 感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
真菌性脑膜炎@ 念珠菌性脑膜炎： * 可有脑膜刺激征，但在伴有念珠菌性脑膜炎的神经外科患者中并不常见。真菌性脑膜炎@ * 患者通常存在精神状态改变。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "真菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "念珠菌性脑膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
【碘缺乏病的病因】 （一）环境因素 其流行的原因是世界大部分地区的土壤中缺碘，尤其是冰川冲刷地带和洪水泛滥的平原。 （三）饮水因素 部分地区水中碘的含量较低，与碘缺乏病的发病率有关。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "碘缺乏病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "饮水因素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "碘缺乏病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "环境因素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
臂丛神经麻痹（brachial plexus palsy)是新生儿周围神经损伤中最常见的一种。②中臂型: 第7颈神经根损伤,前臂、腕、手的伸展动作丧失或减弱，而肱三头肌、拇指伸肌为不完全麻痹,受累侧拥抱反射通常不能引出。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "臂丛神经麻痹",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "中臂型"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "臂丛神经麻痹",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "brachial plexus palsy"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
早产@## 病史和查体 ### 关键诊断因素 ### 常见 查看全部 ### 存在的危险因素 既往早产史、既往宫颈手术史或人工流产史、感染、多胎妊娠及胎儿纤连蛋白阳性者早产的风险增加。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "早产",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胎儿纤连蛋白阳性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "早产",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多胎妊娠"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "早产",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "早产",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "人工流产史"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "早产",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "既往早产史"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "早产",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "既往宫颈手术史"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
登革热@联合 – 监测 针对经选择患者组全部患者的治疗推荐 患者应密切监测生命体征、外周灌注、液体平衡、红细胞压积、血小板计数、尿量、温度、血糖、肝功能、肾功能、凝血和其他器官的功能实验。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "登革热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "红细胞压积"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "登革热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血小板计数"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "登革热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿量"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
广泛性焦虑障碍@症状严重程度：中级证据表明：苯二氮䓬类药物单药治疗相对安慰剂治疗在2~9周对减轻焦虑症状有更明确的疗效。广泛性焦虑障碍@但目前还无相关证据验证其作为抗抑郁药的附加治疗效果如何。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "广泛性焦虑障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗抑郁药"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "广泛性焦虑障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "苯二氮䓬类药物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "广泛性焦虑障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "安慰剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
部分ADV肺炎可发展为闭塞性细支气管炎（bronchiolitis obliterans,B0)，导致反复喘息。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "ADV肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "闭塞性细支气管炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "闭塞性细支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "bronchiolitis obliterans"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "B0",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "bronchiolitis obliterans"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "ADV肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "反复喘息"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
失眠症@结果 实验室检查结果 TSH 水平低 。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "失眠症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "TSH 水平低"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
脑炎@### 先天性代谢缺陷 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 病史：父母系近亲结婚、新生儿在孕早期死亡、孕妇出现妊娠期急性脂肪肝和 HELLP 综合征（肝酶升高、血小板减少）。脑炎@体格检查可能发现黄疸、白内障、肝脾肿大、肌张力异常、先天性畸形（例如，面部粗糙）和异常体味。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "先天性代谢缺陷",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体格检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "先天性代谢缺陷",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "黄疸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "先天性代谢缺陷",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "白内障"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "先天性代谢缺陷",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝脾肿大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "先天性代谢缺陷",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肌张力异常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "先天性代谢缺陷",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "先天性畸形"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "先天性代谢缺陷",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "异常体味"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "先天性代谢缺陷"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
人粒细胞无形体病@血生化检查可出现肝、肾功能异常，心肌酶谱升高，少数患者出现血淀粉酶、尿淀粉酶和血糖升高。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "人粒细胞无形体病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝、肾功能异常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "人粒细胞无形体病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心肌酶谱升高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "人粒细胞无形体病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "淀粉酶"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "人粒细胞无形体病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿淀粉酶和血糖升高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "人粒细胞无形体病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血生化检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
【实验室检查】 JAS无特殊检查项目，活动期可有轻度贫血，血沉加快，RF和ANA均阴性。CT和MRI扫描会比普通X光片更早发现骶髂关节炎，MRI能更为敏感地发现慢性炎症。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "JAS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "JAS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "MRI"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "JAS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "X光片"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "JAS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "骶髂关节炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "JAS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "慢性炎症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "JAS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "轻度贫血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "JAS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血沉加快"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "JAS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "RF和ANA均阴性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
食物中毒@关于腹泻，世界卫生组织 (WHO) 定义了 3 种临床类型： * 急性水样腹泻；持续数小时或数天（包括霍乱） * 急性血便（痢疾） * 持续性腹泻；持续 14 天或更长时间。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "食物中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹泻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
早产@绒毛膜羊膜炎会导致胎儿神经系统受损. 已发现使用抗生素治疗胎膜完整的先兆早产 (TPTL) 与随后发生脑瘫相关，因为抗生素可能会延长宫内不良环境下妊娠的持续时间。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "绒毛膜羊膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胎儿神经系统受损"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "先兆早产",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "TPTL"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "先兆早产",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑瘫"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
急性支气管炎（acute bronchitis)是指由于各种致病原引起的支气管黏膜感染，由于气管常同时受累,故称为急性气管支气管炎(acute tracheobronchitis)。也可以吸入糖皮质激素如布地奈德混悬液，喘息严重者可加口服泼尼松3 ~5天。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "急性支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "地奈德混悬液"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "急性支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "泼尼松"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "急性支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "acute bronchitis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "急性支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "性气管支气管炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "性气管支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "acute tracheobronchitis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
惊厥（convulsion)是儿科最常见的急症之一,是由于脑大量神经元一过性同步化放电导致的所涉及随意肌的不可控制的抽搐或者肌张力改变，可以是部分身体（局灶性），也可以是全身性的（全面性）。 脑超声检查:适用于前囟未闭的婴儿的颅内病变检测。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "惊厥",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑超声检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "惊厥",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抽搐或者肌张力改变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "惊厥",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "convulsion"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
乳腺原位癌@ [ 子宫内膜癌 ](/topics/zh-cn/266) ### 侵袭性乳腺癌 | 存在差异 | 中 小叶原位癌对于任一乳房都是侵袭性癌发生的危险因素，乳腺导管原位癌也可增加任一乳房患侵袭性癌风险，但是诊断为乳腺导管原位癌的乳房更易发展为侵袭性癌。乳腺原位癌@这在高分数、患有乳腺导管原位癌而未予治疗的患者中尤其严重，可能是因为肿瘤未能切除，也可能是因为缺乏放疗。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "乳腺原位癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "小叶原位癌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
胃炎@ 组织放在琼脂凝胶或放在含有尿素、缓冲剂和pH敏感指示剂的反应条上。 胃炎@结果 _幽门螺杆菌_ 感染阳性 ### 胃黏膜组织学 检查 结果 检查 提供胃炎的组织学诊断和分类。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "组织学检查",
"subject": "胃炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胃黏膜组织学"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
登革热@胶体液（如右旋糖酐70或6%的淀粉）较晶体液（如0.9%的生理盐水、林格氏乳酸盐液）无明显临床优势。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "登革热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胶体液"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
腹主动脉瘤@如果出现全身性脓毒症、腹股沟引流、假性动脉瘤形成、开放修复术或 EVAR 后性质不明的疼痛，应当评估是否存在移植物感染。腹主动脉瘤@ 如果开放修复术或 EVAR 后胃肠道出血，应当评估是否存在主动脉肠瘘。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "腹主动脉瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "主动脉肠瘘"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "腹主动脉瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "移植物感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
基底细胞癌@### 免疫治疗 免疫治疗复发率较高，但没有瘢痕。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "化疗",
"subject": "基底细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "免疫治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
儿童偏头痛@[ 鼻窦炎 ](/topics/zh-cn/14) ### 中枢神经系统病变 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 只有不到 1% 的有头痛的儿童患有脑肿瘤。儿童偏头痛@夜间或清晨头痛可能提示有继发于占位性病变的颅内压升高，例如肿瘤。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脑肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "夜间或清晨头痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "儿童偏头痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "鼻窦炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "脑肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "有头痛的儿童"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "儿童偏头痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "中枢神经系统病变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
溃疡性结肠炎可按以下情况进行分型： 1.按临床表现程度 轻度、中度、重度和极重度。轻度：患者腹泻每日4次以下，便血轻或无，无发热、脉搏加快及贫血，血沉正常。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹泻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "便血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "阶段",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "轻度"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "阶段",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "中度"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "阶段",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "重度"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "阶段",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "极重度"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
}
] |
感染性肺炎（infectious pneumonia)是新生儿期最常见的感染性疾病,也是新生儿死亡的重要病因。肺部听诊呼吸音可为粗糙、减低或闻及湿啰音。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "感染性肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺部听诊"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "感染性肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸音可为粗糙、减低"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "感染性肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "闻及湿啰音"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "感染性肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "infectious pneumonia"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
儿童偏头痛@ * 许多人在后来的生活中会出现有先兆或无先兆的偏头痛，并且大部分有明确的偏头痛家族史。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "儿童偏头痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "无先兆的偏头痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "遗传因素",
"subject": "儿童偏头痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "偏头痛家族史"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
川崎病（Kawasaki disease，KD)于1967年由日本川崎富作首先报告，又称为黏膜皮肤淋巴结综合征（mucocutaneous lymphnode syndrome，MCLS)，约15% ~20%未经治疗的患儿发生冠状动脉损害。肛周皮肤发红、脱皮。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "川崎病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肛周皮肤发红"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "川崎病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Kawasaki disease"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "川崎病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "KD"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "川崎病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "黏膜皮肤淋巴结综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "黏膜皮肤淋巴结综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "mucocutaneous lymphnode syndrome"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "黏膜皮肤淋巴结综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "MCLS"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
二、克-雅病（Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease，CJD） 主要见于50～60岁成人，儿童少见。起病隐匿，首发症状多为疲倦、抑郁和体重减轻。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "克-雅病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "疲倦"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "克-雅病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抑郁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "克-雅病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体重减轻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "克-雅病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "克-雅病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CJD"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病年龄",
"subject": "克-雅病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "50～60岁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
膀胱癌@不适宜手术的患者使用化疗和放射治疗，但是如果患者肿瘤体积较小，也可采用膀胱部分切除术治疗。膀胱癌@使用免疫检查点抑制剂进行的免疫疗法非常振奋人心，有望为晚期疾病患者提供免疫治疗方面的帮助。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "膀胱癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "膀胱部分切除术治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
乙型肝炎@此患者体格检查正常，未发现有慢性肝病的特征性红斑。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "乙型肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体格检查正常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
第二节 急进性肾小球肾炎 急进性肾小球肾炎（rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis，RPGN）简称急进性肾炎，系急进性肾炎综合征。 （三）肾功能进行性减退 肾功能在2～3个月内进行性降低，并出现尿毒症及酸中毒的表现：如恶心、呕吐、厌食、面色苍白、皮肤瘙痒、鼻出血、紫癜、呼吸深大、精神萎靡及表情淡漠等。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "急进性肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿毒症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "急进性肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "酸中毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "急进性肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "急进性肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "RPGN"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "急进性肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急进性肾炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "急进性肾炎综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急进性肾小球肾炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "尿毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "恶心"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "尿毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呕吐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "尿毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "厌食"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "尿毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "面色苍白"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "尿毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮肤瘙痒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "尿毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "鼻出血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "尿毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "紫癜"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "尿毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸深大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "尿毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "精神萎靡"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "尿毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "表情淡漠"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（症状）",
"subject": "尿毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "酸中毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
我国近年来已开展了儿童言语和语言障碍的临床诊治。 （二）智能迟缓 语言发育迟缓的最常见原因是智能迟缓。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "儿童言语和语言障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "智能迟缓"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
(3 )辅助检査分析:①两次尿培养阳性，尿菌落计数> 105/ml,可诊断泌尿道感染;②尿培养检出结核分枝杆菌，对诊断肾结核有重要价值，并可通过3次以上晨尿沉渣找抗酸杆菌，其阳性率为 80% -90% ,24小时尿沉渣找抗酸杆菌，阳性率为70% ③泌尿系统影像学检査，如超声检查、CT检查、静脉肾盂造影（IVP)、DMSA等，有助于泌尿系统结石、肾囊肿、肾肿瘤、左肾静脉受压综合征、肾静脉血栓的诊断;④儿童特发性高钙尿症,是非肾小球性血尿的常见原因,2岁以上当尿钙/尿肌酐（mg/ mg) >0. 2时，进一步行24小时尿钙测定>4mg/kg，即可诊断。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "血尿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿钙测定"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
病毒性脑膜炎@如腰椎穿刺排除脑膜炎，或如果怀疑病毒性脑膜炎，可停用地塞米松。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "病毒性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腰椎穿刺"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "地塞米松"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "组织学检查",
"subject": "脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腰椎穿刺"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
转移性乳腺癌@ * 曲妥珠单抗也可用于病情进展后的跨线继续治疗，且常与多种化疗药物联合使用。转移性乳腺癌@ 曲妥珠单抗可联合蒽环类或紫杉烷类，相比单用化疗来说可有效改善有效率及总生存情况。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "转移性乳腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "曲妥珠单抗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "转移性乳腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "蒽环类"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "转移性乳腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "紫杉烷类"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
普通感冒@发现扁桃体上的脓液提示链球菌性扁桃体炎，应继续检查颈前腺体。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "链球菌性扁桃体炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "扁桃体"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
癫痫持续状态@尽管 SE 会发生在任何年龄群中，但目前呈双峰分布，影响处于年龄两极的人，在一岁群体和 60 岁以上人群中风险较高。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "癫痫持续状态",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "一岁群体"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "癫痫持续状态",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "60 岁以上人群"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
溶血性贫血@球形红细胞和椭圆形红细胞可提示遗传性球形红细胞增多症和椭圆形红细胞增多症。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "椭圆形红细胞增多症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "椭圆形红细胞"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
增补叶酸方法是妇女从怀孕前1个月至怀孕后3个月每日服用一粒叶酸增补剂，可以减少70%以上NTDs的发生。当前市场上叶酸制剂有两类：一类是单纯的叶酸制剂，为孕妇生产的每片含400μg，如斯利安片。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "预防",
"subject": "NTDs",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "斯利安片"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "预防",
"subject": "NTDs",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "叶酸增补剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
}
] |
念珠菌病@ 4.肝、脾念珠菌病 由于CT和MRI的应用，肝、脾念珠菌病的诊断不断增多。念珠菌病@经验性地应用广谱抗生素和长期中心静脉插管等因素也参与发病。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "肝、脾念珠菌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "长期中心静脉插管"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "肝、脾念珠菌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "肝、脾念珠菌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "MRI"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
真菌性脑膜炎@ 球孢子菌性脑膜炎： * 最初每月重复一次CSF分析。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "真菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "球孢子菌性脑膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "球孢子菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CSF分析"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
登革热@### 钩端螺旋体病 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 在泥泞积水处浸泡或工作史，或从事处理动物的工作。 登革热@尿液检测：血尿。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "钩端螺旋体病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿液检测"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "登革热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "钩端螺旋体病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
唇腭裂@ * 母体酒精摄入：尽管已发现在围孕期（妊娠前 1 个月到妊娠之后 3 个月）摄入低水平酒精不会导致显著的唇裂风险，摄入更大量酒精（每次饮酒 > 5 个单位）与口腔颌面裂的发生率增加有关。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "口腔颌面裂",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "母体酒精摄入"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
腹主动脉瘤@破裂风险的预测因素包括 AAA 扩张速率、管腔内血栓厚度增加、动脉壁僵硬、管壁张力、AAA 管壁应力峰值。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "腹主动脉瘤@破裂",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "AAA 扩张速率"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "腹主动脉瘤@破裂",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "管腔内血栓厚度增加"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "腹主动脉瘤@破裂",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "动脉壁僵硬"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "腹主动脉瘤@破裂",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "管壁张力"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "腹主动脉瘤@破裂",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "AAA 管壁应力峰值"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤（diffuse large B-cell lymphoma，DLBCL）是一种好发于大龄青少年的疾病，其发病率在整个童年期稳步上升，并在15～19岁年龄组内作为主导地位的组织学亚型达到高峰。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "diffuse large B-cell lymphoma"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病年龄",
"subject": "弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "大龄青少年"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病年龄",
"subject": "弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "15～19岁年龄组内"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
发热伴肝、脾肿大，可见于传染性单核细胞增多症、疟疾、黑热病、急性血吸虫病、结缔组织疾病、白血病及恶性淋巴瘤等。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "传染性单核细胞增多症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热伴肝、脾肿大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "疟疾",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热伴肝、脾肿大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "结缔组织疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热伴肝、脾肿大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热伴肝、脾肿大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "恶性淋巴瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热伴肝、脾肿大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
第一节 胸膜 炎 胸膜炎（pleurisy）分为三种：干性胸膜炎、浆液性胸膜炎和化脓性胸膜炎。 主要症状为胸痛，可牵涉到腹部、肩部和背部。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胸膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "胸膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "pleurisy"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "胸膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "浆液性胸膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "胸膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "化脓性胸膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
第六节 气道异物 气道异物是小儿常见危重急症。必要时做支气管镜检查，以确定诊断。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "气道异物",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "支气管镜检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
痔@结果 可显示小细胞低色素性贫血 ### 粪便隐血实验 检查 结果 检查 检查无明显痔组织应检查便潜血；而如检查结果阴性，则不需做进一步检查。 痔@结果 阳性 。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "痔",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "检查便潜血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "痔",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "小细胞低色素性贫血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "痔",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "粪便隐血实验"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
只具备内脏易位和支气管扩张者，称为不全性Kartagener综合征。易患感冒及肺炎，出现呼吸困难、发绀、说话带鼻音，体格检查可发现杵状指趾、肺部啰音等。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "不全性Kartagener综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "易患感冒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "不全性Kartagener综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "不全性Kartagener综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸困难"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "不全性Kartagener综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发绀"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "不全性Kartagener综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "鼻音"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "不全性Kartagener综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "杵状指趾"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "不全性Kartagener综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺部啰音"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
（一）感染 病毒感染是主要原因。各型肝炎病毒感染，合并2型以上者更为严重，如HBV合并HDV；非肝炎性病毒，儿童常见EB病毒、巨细胞病毒（CMV）、疱疹病毒、腺病毒和埃可病毒等均可致ALF。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "ALF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "病毒感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "ALF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝炎病毒感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "ALF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "EB病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "ALF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "巨细胞病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "ALF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "疱疹病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "ALF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腺病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "ALF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "埃可病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "巨细胞病毒",
"subject_type": "社会学",
"object": {
"@value": "CMV"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "ALF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "HBV合并HDV"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
唇腭裂@儿科的耳鼻喉科大夫可以利用动态的软式喉镜对气道进行评估，以排除有无气道异常和咽喉反流。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "就诊科室",
"subject": "唇腭裂",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "儿科的耳鼻喉科"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
}
] |
多发性硬化症@结果 应是正常的 ### 需要考虑的检查 ### 查看全部 ### 抗 NMO 抗体 检查 结果 检查 建议长段脊髓脱髓鞘患者（有或无视神经炎）以及脑成像正常的复发性视神经炎患者进行抗 NMO（抗水通道蛋白 4 (AQP4)）抗体检测。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "多发性硬化症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗 NMO 抗体"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
急性胰腺炎@目前尚不清楚病程早期给予预防性抗生素治疗是否可以降低脓肿的发病率。急性胰腺炎@患者通常会在胰腺炎发病后 2~4 周出现临床表现，伴有发热和临床恶化。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脓肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脓肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "临床恶化"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "脓肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗生素治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
阿尔茨海默病@我们不清楚丙戊酸钠/丙戊酸在改善痴呆患者的神经精神症状方面是否比安慰剂更有效。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "痴呆",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "丙戊酸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
铅中毒@ * 玩具和其他物品：家中物品和玩具铅也是一个需要考虑的因素，因为这对儿童而言也是一个危险因素。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "铅中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "玩具铅"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
CF患儿的治疗应着重于对呼吸道感染的防治。非甾体类抗炎药物如布洛芬可用于肺部病变较轻、一秒用力呼气量（FEV1）在预计值60%以上的5～12岁儿童。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "CF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "非甾体类抗炎药物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "CF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "布洛芬"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
肾小球肾炎@如果患者接受皮质类固醇或免疫抑制剂治疗，还应给予预防感染和骨质疏松的药物。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮质类固醇"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "免疫抑制剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
【发病机制】 dRTA的主要缺陷在于远端小管泌H+功能的不足。 （三）速率依赖型 （rate-dependent defect） 质子泵泌H+速率下降。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "dRTA",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "速率依赖型"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "dRTA",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "远端小管泌H+功能的不足"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
铅中毒@所有血铅水平＞3.4 μmol/L (＞70 μg/dL) 或有临床症状的患者均需要入院治疗。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "铅中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血铅水平＞3.4 μmol/L (＞70 μg/dL)"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
慢性肾病@检查 诊断性检查包括尿液分析，以检查微量白蛋白尿或蛋白尿；以及血清肌酐，以评估GFR。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "慢性肾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿液分析"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "慢性肾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血清肌酐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
一、主动脉瓣狭窄 大约85%的先天性主动脉瓣狭窄为二瓣畸形，这二个主动脉瓣一大一小，其间有一偏心的鱼嘴样开口。胸部X线表现心脏可不大，或有左心室、左心房增大的表现，升主动脉可示狭窄后扩张。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "主动脉瓣狭窄",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸部X线"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "主动脉瓣狭窄",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "先天性主动脉瓣狭窄"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "主动脉瓣狭窄",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "二瓣畸形"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
非小细胞肺癌@## 病史和查体 ### 关键诊断因素 ### 常见 查看全部 ### 存在危险因素 包括吸烟，接触烟草、氡气或石棉；慢性阻塞性肺病的存在。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "非小细胞肺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "吸烟"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "非小细胞肺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "接触烟草、氡气或石棉"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "非小细胞肺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "慢性阻塞性肺病的存在"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
自由基以及抗氧化剂缺乏在慢性胰腺炎的形成和发展中都起了很重要的作用。严重时可出现脂肪泻，患儿粪便量显著增多，粪酸臭或恶臭。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脂肪泻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "粪便量显著增多"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
在流感流行时，流感病毒肺炎的发生几率较高。婴幼儿尤其2岁以下患儿呼吸道症状显著，喘息明显，重症患儿可出现呼吸衰竭、心力衰竭表现。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "流感病毒肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "喘息明显"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
痛风@对于具有 GI 出血和并发症病史的患者，COX-2 抑制剂可能比传统的 NSAIDs 更安全。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "COX-2 抑制剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "NSAIDs"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
肝豆状核变性（hepatolenticular degeneration)又称Wilson病,是一种常染色体隐性遗传性疾病，因基因异常，导致铜在体内贮积。 【临床表现】 从出生开始到发病前为无症状期，随着体内铜沉积量的增加,患儿逐渐出现器官受损症状，以5 ~ 12岁发病最多见,少数儿童在人托体检时发现肝功能异常而被诊断。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病年龄",
"subject": "肝豆状核变性",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "5 ~ 12岁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "肝豆状核变性",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "hepatolenticular degeneration"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "肝豆状核变性",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Wilson病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
前置胎盘@如果早期超声偶然发现前置胎盘，应通过连续超声检查进行跟踪，直至胎盘恢复正常位置。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "前置胎盘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "超声检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "前置胎盘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "超声"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
慢性胰腺炎@依据该诊断标准，慢性胰腺炎的诊断基于对胰腺形态和功能改变的评分，4分及以上者可诊断为慢性胰腺炎，该诊断标准具体如下（括号内为相应分值）： * 胰腺钙化：明确（4），可疑（2） * 组织学改变：明确（4），可疑（2） * 脂肪泻或脂肪酶与实验室正常均值相比要低且少于2个标准差（2） * 内镜下逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）、CT或核磁共振胰胆管造影（MRCP）检查发现胰管异常，依据Cambridge分类法为I至III级（3） * 主要临床标准：上腹痛或12个月内体重下降超过10 kg（2） * 糖尿病（空腹血糖＞140 mg/dL）（1）。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胰腺"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胰腺钙化"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胰管异常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "糖尿病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "空腹血糖＞140 mg/dL"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "内镜下逆行胰胆管造影"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "核磁共振胰胆管造影"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "内镜下逆行胰胆管造影",
"subject_type": "检查",
"object": {
"@value": "ERCP"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "核磁共振胰胆管造影",
"subject_type": "检查",
"object": {
"@value": "MRCP"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
急性胰腺炎@显示全身性炎症反应或脓毒症体征的患者，或者病情未改善的患者应进行 CT 扫描，以排除胰腺周围液体积聚、坏死和脓肿。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "急性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
肝硬化@结果 阳性 ### 乙型肝炎抗原 检查 结果 检查 HBsAg和HBV DNA（PCR方法）阳性提示慢性HBV感染。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "肝硬化",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "乙型肝炎抗原"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
感染性心内膜炎@符合 Duke 标准定义为“可能的感染性心内膜炎”的患者，以及证实存在感染性栓塞事件时，SPECT/CT 和 18F-FDG PET/CT 可能尤其有用。 感染性心内膜炎@结果 瓣膜异常和赘生物 ### 磁共振成像 检查 结果 检查 磁共振成像 (MRI) 是检查感染性心内膜炎脑部并发症的首选影像学检查方法，多项研究一致报告，在高达 80% 的患者中显示脑梗死。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "MRI"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "磁共振成像"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
急性咽喉炎@对于有风湿热病史的患者，推荐预防应用抗生素以减少风湿热复发的风险。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病史",
"subject": "急性咽喉炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "风湿热病史"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "风湿热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗生素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
急性非淋巴细胞白血病（acute non-lymphocytic leukemia, ANLL) 形态学分型（FAB分型） 原粒细胞微分化型(MO):骨髓中原始细胞≥90%，无Auer小体。 粒-单核细胞白血病(M4):骨髓中幼稚的粒细胞和单核细胞同时增生，原始及幼稚粒细胞> 20% ;原始、幼稚单核细胞和单核细胞≥20% ;或原始、幼稚和成熟单核细胞>30%，原粒和早幼粒细胞 >10%。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "急性非淋巴细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "粒-单核细胞白血病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "急性非淋巴细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "acute non-lymphocytic leukemia"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "急性非淋巴细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "原粒细胞微分化型"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "原粒细胞微分化型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "MO"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "粒-单核细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "M4"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
新生儿窒息多为产前或产时因素所致，产后因素较少。 3.脐带异常 如脐带受压、过短、过长致绕颈或绕体、脱垂、扭转或打结等。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "新生儿窒息",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脐带异常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
甲状腺癌@ 结果 细胞学提示组织学特点 ### 颈部超声 检查 结果 检查 甲状腺超声和多普勒可用于结节的测量和实性/囊性成分的判断。甲状腺癌@ 可疑特征包括：微小钙化、纵径大于横径、血流丰富、显著的低回声 或边缘不规则。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "甲状腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "颈部超声"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
腹主动脉瘤@### 关键检查 超声是检测 AAA 的首选检查方法（敏感性和特异性分别为 95% 和近 100%）。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "AAA",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "超声"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
慢性阻塞性肺疾病@联合 – 按需使用短效支气管扩张剂 针对经选择患者组全部患者的治疗推荐 #### 第一选择 [ 吸入性沙丁胺醇 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 需要时（100 μg/定量吸入器）100-200 μg（1-2 喷），每 4-6 小时一次 或 [ 吸入性异丙托溴铵 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 需要时（20 μg/定量吸入器）40 μg（2 喷），每日最多 4 次 能使症状缓解。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "吸入性沙丁胺醇"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "吸入性异丙托溴铵"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
脆性X综合征@ 5.人格行为异常 包括好动、精力不集中、性情孤僻、焦虑及自残等。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脆性X综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "人格行为异常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脆性X综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "好动"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脆性X综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "精力不集中"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脆性X综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "性情孤僻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脆性X综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "焦虑"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脆性X综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "自残"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
新生儿黄疸@结果 如果Hct<45%为溶血性贫血，如果Hct>65%为红细胞增多症 ### 全血细胞计数 检查 结果 检查 白细胞计数高或低可能提示脓毒症。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "新生儿黄疸",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "全血细胞计数"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
HIV 感染@### 其他表现 约一半的患者在感染 HIV 之后发生急性逆转录病毒综合征。HIV 感染@某些病例可以出现严重的 CD4 细胞减少，导致鹅口疮或其他感染，例如耶氏肺孢子菌肺炎。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "急性逆转录病毒综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "鹅口疮"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "急性逆转录病毒综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "耶氏肺孢子菌肺炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
隐球菌病@ 2.氟胞嘧啶 连续应用具有抗隐球菌的作用，但因耐药性出现很快而较少单独使用。隐球菌病@其疗效与两性霉素B相同而毒性较小，可与两性霉素B联合应用，是治疗隐球菌性脑膜炎的金标准治疗方案，可减少隐球菌的耐药性。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "隐球菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "氟胞嘧啶"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
类癌综合征@## 并发症 ### 查看全部 并发症 table 并发症 | 时间表 | 可能性 ---|---|--- ### 类癌心脏病 | 长期 | 中 20%-70%的患者发生转移性的中肠类癌。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "类癌综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "类癌心脏病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
急性胰腺炎@### 心肌梗死 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 疼痛通常发生在胸骨后，且放射至下颌、颈和左上肢。 急性胰腺炎@检查 根据心肌酶升高（肌酸激酶或肌酸磷酸激酶、肌钙蛋白）、心电图改变和临床情况作出诊断。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心肌酶"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心电图"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "急性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心肌梗死"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
5.婴儿痉挛 又称为West综合征，较常见的严重的癫痫综合征。屈曲型表现为点头、弯腰、屈肘及屈髋等动作。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "婴儿痉挛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "屈曲型"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "婴儿痉挛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "West综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "屈曲型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "点头"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "屈曲型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "弯腰"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "屈曲型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "屈肘"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "屈曲型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "屈髋"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
消化性溃疡病@### 重症监护室患者 仅对需要机械通气或凝血障碍的患者有临床意义。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "消化性溃疡病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "重症监护室患者"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "消化性溃疡病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "重症监护室患者"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
胰腺癌@患者开始背部疼痛，上消化道内镜(UGI)检查正常。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "内窥镜检查",
"subject": "胰腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "上消化道内镜"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |