| [{"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}, {"summary": "The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. \nAreas of scientific interest:\n\nCrystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography\nCrystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures\nCrystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties\n\n", "content": "\n== History ==\n1925 \u2013 Laboratory of crystallography at the Mineralogical Museum (Leningrad).\n1932 \u2013 Crystallographic section of the Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1937 \u2013 Crystallographic Laboratory becomes part of the Geological Group of the USSR Academy of Sciences.\n1941 \u2013 During World War II the majority of academic institutes were evacuated from Moscow to the East. The Crystallographic Laboratory continued its work in 1941-43 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast (in the Urals) where a series of important scientific and applied crystallographic problems were solved.\n1943 \u2013 The Laboratory returns to Moscow and is transferred to the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and renamed the Institute of Crystallography.\n1944 \u2013 Organization of the Institute of Crystallography. Alexei Shubnikov was appointed Director of the Institute.\n1956 \u2013 Founding of the journal Kristallografiya in which most of the institute's research is subsequently published. This journal is available in English translation as Soviet Physics Crystallography (ISSN 0038-5638) 1956-1992 (vols. 1-37) continued as Crystallography Reports (ISSN 1063-7745) 1993- (vol. 38-)\n1957 \u2013 Recognition outside the USSR of the establishment of the new field of antisymmetry and colour symmetry by A.V. Shubnikov and N.V. Belov\n1961 \u2013 The Institute received a complex of buildings on Leninsky Avenue (Moscow).\n1962 \u2013 Boris Konstantinovich Weinstein is appointed Director of the Institute.\n1969 \u2013 Award of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.\n1981 - Opening of a new laboratory building at Butlerov Str. 17 (Moscow).\n1996 \u2013 Professor Valentin Ivanovich Simonov appointed as Acting Director.\n1997 \u2013 Research Center \u00abSpace Materials Science\u00bb was established in Kaluga headed by Professor Boris Georgievich Zakharov.\n1998 \u2013 Professor Mikhail Kovalchuk elected Director of the Institute.\n2016 \u2013 The Institute was subsumed within the new \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KiF RAS) which is now known as the \u00abCrystallography and Photonics\u00bb FLNIK.\n\n\n== Research Fields ==\nNano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy\nFundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties\nCreation and study of new crystalline and functional materials\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Links ==\nInstitute of Crystallography home page\nHistory of the Institute of Crystallography (2018 in Russian)\nInstitute of Crystallography research fields"}] |