- Burls 節瘤
- Canker 潰瘍
- Co-dominant branches 等勢枝
- Co-dominant stems 等勢幹
- Cracks or splits 裂縫或裂開
- Crooks or abrupt bends 不常規彎曲
- Cross branches 疊枝
- Dead surface roots 表根枯萎
- Deadwood 枯木
- Decay or cavity 腐爛或樹洞
- Fungal fruiting bodies 真菌子實體
- Galls 腫瘤
- Girdling root 纏繞根
- Heavy lateral limb 重側枝
- Included bark 內夾樹皮
- Parasitic or epiphytic plants 寄生或附生植物
- Pest and disease 病蟲害
- Poor taper 不良漸尖生長
- Root-plate movement 根基移位
- Sap flow 滲液
- Trunk girdling 纏繞樹幹
- Wounds or mechanical injury 傷痕或機械破損