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10tup0j

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insaneintheblain

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[{"role": "system", "content": "The Chinese room argument holds that a digital computer executing a program cannot have a \"mind\", \"understanding\", or \"consciousness\", regardless of how intelligently or human-like the program may make the computer behave. Philosopher John Searle presented the argument in his paper \"Minds, Brains, and Programs\", published in Behavioral and Brain Sciences in 1980. Gottfried Leibniz (1714), Anatoly Dneprov (1961), Lawrence Davis (1974) and Ned Block (1978) presented similar arguments. Searle's version has been widely discussed in the years since. The centerpiece of Searle's argument is a thought experiment known as the Chinese room.The argument is directed against the philosophical positions of functionalism and computationalism which hold that the mind may be viewed as an information-processing system operating on formal symbols, and that simulation of a given mental state is sufficient for its presence. Specifically, the argument is intended to refute a position Searle calls the strong AI hypothesis: \"The appropriately programmed computer with the right inputs and outputs would thereby have a mind in exactly the same sense human beings have minds.\"Although its proponents originally presented the argument in reaction to statements of artificial intelligence (AI) researchers, it is not an argument against the goals of mainstream AI research because it does not show a limit in the amount of \"intelligent\" behavior a machine can display. The argument applies only to digital computers running programs and does not apply to machines in general."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# The Chinese room argument holds that a digital computer executing a program cannot have a \"mind\", \"understanding\", or \"consciousness\", regardless of how intelligently or human-like the program may make the computer behave\n\n[Chinese room - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_room)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "It's just confusing the computer and the program. Yes, the computer does not speak Chinese, but the program it runs does speak Chinese. If you replace the computer by another computer, or by a human, but still run the same program, well... The program still speaks Chinese.\n\nIn a similar way, our neurons do not speak any language. They do not understand anything. But the program they run (our consciousness) does.", "name": "Alicia"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Yeah all the \"absent\" thought in the Chinese room hypothetical isn't absent at all, it went into writing the reference manual before hand.", "name": "Angelica"}]

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[{"role": "system", "content": "The Mahmudiyah rape and killings were a series of war crimes committed by five U.S. Army soldiers during the U.S. occupation of Iraq, involving the gang-rape and murder of 14-year-old Iraqi girl Abeer Qassim Hamza al-Janabi and the murder of her family on March 12, 2006. It occurred in the family's house to the southwest of Yusufiyah, a village to the west of the town of Al-Mahmudiyah, Iraq. Other members of al-Janabi's family murdered by American soldiers included her 34-year-old mother Fakhriyah Taha Muhasen, 45-year-old father Qassim Hamza Raheem, and 6-year-old sister Hadeel Qassim Hamza al-Janabi. The two remaining survivors of the family, 9-year-old brother Ahmed and 11-year-old brother Mohammed, were at school during the massacre and orphaned by the event.\nFive U.S. Army soldiers of the 502nd Infantry Regiment were charged with rape and murder: Specialist Paul E. Cortez (born December 1982), Specialist James P. Barker (born 1982), Private First Class Jesse V. Spielman (born 1985), Private First Class Bryan L. Howard, and Private First Class Steven Dale Green (May 2, 1985 – February 17, 2014). Green was discharged from the U.S. Army for mental instability before the crimes were known by his command, whereas Cortez, Barker, and Spielman were tried by a military court martial, convicted, and sentenced to decades in prison. Green was tried and convicted in a United States civilian court and sentenced to life in prison. He died in 2014 from suicide."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Sixteen years ago, U.S. Soldier Steven Dale Green led a gang of fellow soldiers to attack the family of a 14-year-old Iraqi girl. They took turns raping the girl before executing the entire family. Steven said he came to Iraq since he wanted to kill people and didn't think of Iraqis as human.\n\n[Mahmudiyah rape and killings - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmudiyah_rape_and_killings)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "This story was so hard to read because it is unfathomable how some people could degrade and use other people, then murder those people out of existence. The fact that this was done by a group of men during war against a defenseless family. Heartbreaking story.", "name": "Cassidy"}, {"role": "user", "content": "War is killing, rape and torture. That's how wars are won", "name": "Luis"}, {"role": "user", "content": "How does rape help win a war?", "name": "Brooklyn"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Terror tactic", "name": "Adrian"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Originally raping the women was to repopulate your enemies territory with your tribes offspring making the population look more like you thus more likely to be friendly to your people and easy to control once you go to subjugate that population or whatever. \n\nIn this instance it gave the enemy of these guys motivation to fight back against their invaders so it hurt the American militaries cause. The iraqi people weren't even supposed to be the enemy, just the Saddam loyalists. Shit like this is why we weren't embraced by the Iraqis after bush landed on a war ship claiming America won.", "name": "Braden"}]

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psychedelic666

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[{"role": "system", "content": "David Reimer (born Bruce Peter Reimer; 22 August 1965 – 4 May 2004) was a Canadian man raised as a girl following medical advice and intervention after his penis was severely injured during a botched circumcision in infancy.The psychologist John Money oversaw the case and reported the reassignment as successful and as evidence that gender identity is primarily learned. The academic sexologist Milton Diamond later reported that Reimer's realization that he was not a girl occurred between the ages of 9 and 11 years and that he was living as a male by the age of 15. Well known in medical circles for years anonymously as the \"John/Joan\" case, Reimer later went public with his story to help discourage similar medical practices. He killed himself at age 38."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# David Reimer: a Canadian man who was born male, but then forcibly sexually reassigned as a female after a botched circumcision. He was raised as a girl until age 14. He and his twin brother were abused by their doctor, and both ended up committing suicide in their 30s.\n\n[David Reimer - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Reimer)"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "By the age of 13 years, Reimer was experiencing suicidal depression and he told his parents he would take his own life if they made him see Money again. Finally, on March 14, 1980, Reimer's parents told him the truth about his gender reassignment, following advice from Reimer's endocrinologist and psychiatrist. At 14, having been informed of his past by his father, Reimer decided to assume a male gender identity, calling himself David. He underwent treatment to reverse the reassignment, including testosterone injections, a double mastectomy, and phalloplasty operations.\n\nGoodness... he had to go through all of that without even being transgender. This shows gender is innate and you cant just change someone. Poor guy."}, {"role": "user", "content": "It also shows that gender is not a social construct", "name": "Makayla"}, {"role": "user", "content": "It shows that *sex* isnt a social construct. Gender is, by definition, the social expectations society puts on the different sexes.\n\nIf anything, this shows that a cis person will also have dysphoria if they're forced to live as the sex they don't identify as, which I assume is not the point you're trying to make here.", "name": "Cesar"}]

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[{"role": "system", "content": "Flappy Bird is a 2013 mobile game developed by the Vietnamese video game artist and programmer Dong Nguyen (Vietnamese: Nguyễn Hà Đông), under his game development company .Gears. The game is a side-scroller where the player controls a bird, attempting to fly between columns of green pipes without hitting them. The number of green pipes the player passes is considered as their score. Nguyen created the game over the period of several days, using a bird protagonist that he had designed for a cancelled game in 2012.\nThe game was released in May 2013 but received a sudden spike in popularity in early 2014 and became a sleeper hit. Flappy Bird received poor reviews from some critics, who criticized its high level of difficulty and alleged plagiarism in graphics and game mechanics, while other reviewers found it addictive. At the end of January 2014, it was the most downloaded free game in the App Store for iOS. During this period, its developer said that Flappy Bird was earning $50,000 a day from in-app advertisements as well as sales.\nFlappy Bird was removed from both the App Store and Google Play on February 10, 2014, with Nguyen claiming that he felt guilty over what he considered to be the game's addictive nature and overusage. Its popularity and sudden removal caused phones with the game installed before its removal to be put up for sale for high prices over the Internet. Games similar to Flappy Bird became popular on the iOS App Store in the wake of its removal, and both Apple and Google have removed games from their app stores for being too similar to the original game.In August 2014, a revised version of Flappy Bird, called Flappy Birds Family, was released exclusively for the Amazon Fire TV. Bay Tek Games also released a licensed coin-operated Flappy Bird arcade game."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Flappy Bird: 2013 mobile game developed by Dong Nguyen. The game became a sleeper hit, earning $50,000/day. Nguyen removed the game from app stores in 2014, claiming guilt over the game's addictiveness and overusage. This caused phones with the game installed to be put up for sale for high prices.\n\n[Flappy Bird - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flappy_Bird)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Takes a lot of character to remove a 50k per day income stream", "name": "Tanner"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Still to this day I dont understand", "name": "Andrew"}, {"role": "user", "content": "From what I remember, the creator used assets without permission, which was probably a bigger reason they decided to remove it from the app store.", "name": "Ayden"}]

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[{"role": "system", "content": "Itamar Ben-Gvir (Hebrew: אִיתָמָר בֶּן גְּבִיר; born 6 May 1976) is an Israeli lawyer and far-right extremist politician who has served as the Minister of National Security since 2022. He is a member of the Knesset and leader of Otzma Yehudit.Ben-Gvir, a settler in the Israeli-occupied West Bank, has faced charges of hate speech against Arabs and was known to have a portrait in his living room of Israeli-American mass murderer and Jewish extremist Baruch Goldstein, who massacred 29 Palestinian Muslim worshipers and wounded 125 others in Hebron, in the 1994 Cave of the Patriarchs massacre. He removed the portrait after he entered politics. He was also previously convicted of supporting a terrorist group known as Kach, which espoused Kahanism, an extremist religious Zionist ideology.Under his leadership, the Otzma Yehudit (Jewish Power), a party which espouses Kahanism and anti-Arabism, won six seats in the 2022 Israeli legislative election, and is represented in what has been called the most right-wing and hardline government in Israel's history. He has called for the expulsion of Arab citizens of Israel who are not loyal to Israel. Ben Gvir is \"widely known for his openly racist, anti-Arab views and activities\".Ben Gvir had been long accused of being a provocateur, having previously led several visits to the Temple Mount as activist and member of Knesset, contentious marches through Jerusalem's Old City Muslim Quarter, and set up an office in the Sheikh Jarrah neighborhood which witnessed several evictions of Palestinians. On 3 January 2023, he visited the Temple Mount where the al-Aqsa Mosque is located, spurring an international wave of criticism that labelled his visit purposely provocative. As a lawyer, he is known for defending Jews accused of terrorism on trial in Israel."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Itamar Ben-Gvir is Israel's current Minister of National Security. He has repeatedly praised extremists and openly called for the deportations of Arabs. Ben-Gvir is a follower of the teachings of convicted terrorist Meir Kahane, who explicitly demanded genocidal policies against Palestinians.\n\n[Itamar Ben-Gvir - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itamar_Ben-Gvir)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Thats standard conservative Israeli."}, {"role": "user", "content": "False. He is an extremist, and only a few years ago he was a persona non grata in most of the political system.", "name": "Maya"}]

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[{"role": "assistant", "content": "# The Sycamore Gap Tree is listed as a recent death\n\n"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Recent deaths doesn't only cover humans. Per WP:RD: *An individual human, animal or other biological organism that has recently died may have an entry in the recent deaths (RD) section if it has a biographical Wikipedia article...*", "name": "Johnathan"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "I've seen animals on there before but never a plant. Pretty interesting."}]

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VisiteProlongee

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[{"role": "system", "content": "The Mediterranean Sea ( MED-ih-tə-RAY-nee-ən) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the east by the Levant in West Asia. The Mediterranean has played a central role in the history of Western civilization. Geological evidence indicates that around 5.9 million years ago the Mediterranean was cut off from the Atlantic and was partly or completely desiccated over a period of some 600,000 years during the Messinian salinity crisis before being refilled by the Zanclean flood about 5.3 million years ago.\nThe Mediterranean Sea covers an area of about 2,500,000 km2 (970,000 sq mi), representing 0.7% of the global ocean surface, but its connection to the Atlantic via the Strait of Gibraltar—the narrow strait that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates the Iberian Peninsula in Europe from Morocco in Africa—is only 14 km (9 mi) wide. The Mediterranean Sea encompasses a vast number of islands, some of them of volcanic origin. The two largest islands, in both area and population, are Sicily and Sardinia.\nThe Mediterranean Sea has an average depth of 1,500 m (4,900 ft) and the deepest recorded point is 5,109 m (16,762 ft) ±1 m (3 ft) in the Calypso Deep in the Ionian Sea. It lies between latitudes 30° and 46° N and longitudes 6° W and 36° E. Its west–east length, from the Strait of Gibraltar to the Gulf of Alexandretta, on the southeastern coast of Turkey, is about 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi). The north–south length varies greatly between different shorelines and whether only straight routes are considered. Also including longitudinal changes, the shortest shipping route between the multinational Gulf of Trieste and the Libyan coastline of the Gulf of Sidra is about 1,900 kilometres (1,200 mi). The water temperatures are mild in winter and warm in summer and give name to the Mediterranean climate type due to the majority of precipitation falling in the cooler months. Its southern and eastern coastlines are lined with hot deserts not far inland, but the immediate coastline on all sides of the Mediterranean tends to have strong maritime moderation.\nThe sea was an important route for merchants and travellers of ancient times, facilitating trade and cultural exchange between the peoples of the region. The history of the Mediterranean region is crucial to understanding the origins and development of many modern societies. The Roman Empire maintained nautical hegemony over the sea for centuries and is the only state to have ever controlled all of its coast.\nThe countries surrounding the Mediterranean and its marginal seas in clockwise order are Spain, France, Monaco, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco; Malta and Cyprus are island countries in the sea. In addition, Gibraltar, an overseas territory of the United Kingdom, is located on the coast of the Mediterranean. The drainage basin encompasses a large number of other countries, the Nile being the longest river ending in the Mediterranean Sea."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# The Mediterranean syndrome is a racist stereotype in the medical industry, when healthcare workers think that North Africans, Blacks or other minorities exaggerate their symptoms and pain, which leads to a failure of treatment.\n\n[Syndrome méditerranéen — Wikipédia](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syndrome_m%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9en)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Your post title is in English, but this article does not exist on English Wikipedia?", "name": "Adam"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": ">Your post title is in English,\n\nYes, i translated into english-language the first sentence of the article about the Mediterranean syndrome in the french-language-wikipedia.\n\n​\n\n>but this article does not exist on English Wikipedia?\n\nIt does not exist yet.\n\n* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Be\\_bold](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Be_bold)\n* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation)\n* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Translation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Translation)\n* [https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Mediterranean+syndrome%22](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Mediterranean+syndrome%22)\n* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draft:Mediterranean\\_syndrome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draft:Mediterranean_syndrome)"}]

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princip1

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[{"role": "system", "content": "Wikipedia is a free-content online encyclopedia written and maintained by a community of volunteers, known as Wikipedians, through open collaboration and the use of the wiki-based editing system MediaWiki. Wikipedia is the largest and most-read reference work in history. It is consistently ranked as one of the ten most popular websites in the world, and as of 2024 is ranked the fifth most visited website on the Internet by Semrush. Founded by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger on January 15, 2001, Wikipedia is hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation, an American nonprofit organization that employs a staff of over 700 people. Unfortunately, much of the info found on wikipedia is wrong, because the small-minded nerds who run it don't allow CORRECT info to be added to THEIR pages. They jealously guard their little pieces of territory from anyone who would DARE to enter CORRECT info. This is why wikipedia is viewed as an unreliable source of info by people all over the world.\nInitially only available in English, editions in other languages have been developed. Wikipedia's editions, when combined, comprise more than 62 million articles, attracting around 2 billion unique device visits per month and more than 14 million edits per month (about 5.2 edits per second on average) as of November 2023. Roughly 26% of Wikipedia's traffic is from the United States, followed by Japan at 5.9%, the United Kingdom at 5.4%, Germany at 5%, Russia at 4.8%, and the remaining 54% split among other countries, according to data provided by Similarweb.Wikipedia has been praised for its enablement of the democratization of knowledge, extent of coverage, unique structure, and culture. It has been criticized for exhibiting systemic bias, particularly gender bias against women and geographical bias against the Global South (Eurocentrism). While the reliability of Wikipedia was frequently criticized in the 2000s, it has improved over time, receiving greater praise in the late 2010s and early 2020s, having become an important fact-checking site.Wikipedia has been censored by some national governments, ranging from specific pages to the entire site. Articles on breaking news are often accessed as sources for frequently updated information about those events."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Quite the Wikipedia comparison graphic\n\n"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Sometimes I wonder if this is exhibitionism in another form", "name": "Blake"}, {"role": "user", "content": ">Sometimes I wonder if this is exhibitionism\n\nIt is for some. Commons will definitely delete most dick pics which are uploaded. There's even a template for it.\n\nhttps://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Nudity", "name": "Avery"}]

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slinkslowdown

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[{"role": "assistant", "content": "# 'No Way To Prevent This,' Says Only Nation Where This Regularly Happens: A series of satirical articles from The Onion about the frequency of mass shootings in the US and the lack of action taken in the aftermath of those shootings. As of May 16th, 2022, The Onion has published the article 20 times.\n\n['No Way to Prevent This,' Says Only Nation Where This Regularly Happens - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27No_Way_To_Prevent_This,%27_Says_Only_Nation_Where_This_Regularly_Happens)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "It is sad and funny that it only becomes more and more relevant.", "name": "Zachary"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "I feel pretty helpless watching it happen again and again from up in Canada. It's just insanity."}]

rog7uh

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Clanlogo

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[{"role": "system", "content": "Body Worlds (German title: Körperwelten) is a traveling exposition of dissected human bodies, animals, and other anatomical structures of the body that have been preserved through the process of plastination. Gunther von Hagens developed the preservation process which \"unite[s] subtle anatomy and modern polymer chemistry\", in the late 1970s.\nA series of Body Worlds anatomical exhibitions has toured many countries worldwide, sometimes raising controversies about the sourcing and display of actual human corpses and body parts. Von Hagens maintains that all human specimens were obtained with full knowledge and consent of the donors before they died, but this has not been independently verified, and in 2004 von Hagens returned seven corpses to China because they showed evidence of being executed prisoners. A competing exhibition, Bodies: The Exhibition, openly sources its bodies from \"unclaimed bodies\" in China, which can include executed prisoners.In addition to temporary traveling exhibitions, permanent Body Worlds exhibits are located in Berlin, Amsterdam, Heidelberg, Guben, and San Jose (California)."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# \"Body Worlds\" is a German traveling exposition of dissected human bodies, animals, and other anatomical structures of the body that have been preserved through the process of plastination. All the human bodies are from people who donated their bodies for plastination via a body donation program.\n\n[Body Worlds - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_Worlds)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Actually, not all of the bodies were from donations. There were a few that ended up being executed Chinese prisoners and they had to return them.", "name": "Zachary"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Caitlin Doughty's got a video about this. Apparently the company's response to the accusations was like \"you can't know that these bodies are from China, even we don't know where some of those are from\". Not helping your case there, pal.", "name": "Alondra"}]

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[{"role": "system", "content": "A Serbian Film (Serbian: Српски филм/Srpski film) is a 2010 Serbian exploitation horror film produced and directed by Srđan Spasojević in his feature directorial debut, with Aleksandar Radivojević co-writing. It tells the experience of a financially struggling pornstar who agrees to participate in an \"art film\", only to discover that he has been drafted into a snuff film with pedophilic and necrophilic themes. The film stars Serbian actors Srđan Todorović, Sergej Trifunović, and Jelena Gavrilović.\nUpon its debut on the art film circuit, A Serbian Film received substantial attention and controversy for its depictions of graphic violence and sexual content. The film has been banned in several countries including the Philippines, Spain, Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia, and Norway, and was temporarily banned from screening in Brazil. It also required compulsory cuts in order to be released in the United Kingdom and received an NC-17 rating in the United States. The film's notoriety has continued to the present day, and a number of sources have described A Serbian Film as the single most disturbing movie of all time."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# A Serbian Film: Upon its debut on the art film circuit, A Serbian Film received substantial attention and controversy for its graphic violence and sexual content. The film has been banned in several countries and is widely regarded by many as the most disturbing movie of all time.\n\n[A Serbian Film - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Serbian_Film)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Do you know anyway to watch it? Have known about it for years but never seemed to be able to find it.", "name": "Olivia"}]

ol0a73

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aaronnabena

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[{"role": "system", "content": "Travis (October 21, 1995 – February 16, 2009) was a male chimpanzee who, as an animal actor, appeared in several television shows and commercials, including spots for Pepsi, as well as on television programs including The Maury Povich Show and The Man Show, though it has been disputed that Travis is the same chimpanzee who made these appearances. On February 16, 2009, Travis attacked and mauled his owner's friend in Stamford, Connecticut, blinding her, severing several body parts, and lacerating her face, before he was shot and killed by a responding police officer. \nThe incident resulted in a debate over the logic and ethics of keeping primates as pets, and in the aftermath a bill was reintroduced to add chimpanzees, among other primates, to the list of \"prohibited wildlife species\" that cannot be sold or purchased through interstate and foreign sales. The bill was never taken up by the U.S. Senate."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Travis' screams can be heard in the background at the start of the tape as Sandra pleaded for the police, who initially believed the call to be a hoax, until she started screaming, \"He's eating her!\"\n\n[Travis (chimpanzee) - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travis_(chimpanzee))"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Is it bad that i feel sad for travis?", "name": "Carter"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Not at all, he was as much a victim of the whole situation too, it's an incredibly unnatural environment for a chimpanzee to be in.", "name": "Marissa"}]

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lightiggy

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[{"role": "system", "content": "On October 26, 2001, 25-year-old nursing assistant Chante Jawan Mallard murdered 37-year-old Gregory Glenn Biggs, a homeless man, with her automobile, in Fort Worth, Texas, United States. The force of the crash lodged Biggs into the windshield. Mallard then drove home and left the man lodged in the windshield of her car, parked in her garage. He died several hours later. Mallard was convicted and sentenced to 50 years imprisonment for her role in his death but will be eligible for parole in 2027."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# In 2001, Chante Mallard struck a homeless man while driving drunk. He remained lodged in her windshield as she drove home, parked in her garage, and went inside. Over the next few hours, Mallard ignored the man's cries for help. After he died, she dumped his body in a park.\n\n[Murder of Gregory Glenn Biggs - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Gregory_Glenn_Biggs)"}, {"role": "user", "content": ">convicted murderers from around the country raised $10,000 as a college scholarship and had it presented at a ceremony to Mr. Biggs\n\nThe Benevolent Association of Remorseful Murderers does so much good work for the community", "name": "Jayla"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Lmao I came here to make a comment exactly about that. How the hell do \"convicted murderers\" raise $10,000 from prison!?", "name": "Alyssa"}]

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feefifofum95

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[{"role": "system", "content": "Lavrentiy Pavlovich Beria ( BERR-ee-ə; Russian: Лаврентий Павлович Берия, IPA: [lɐˈvrʲenʲtʲɪj ˈpavləvʲɪdʑ ˈbʲerʲɪjə]; Georgian: ლავრენტი ბერია, romanized: lavrent'i beria, IPA: [ˈɫavɾentʼi ˈbeɾia]; 29 March [O.S. 17 March] 1899 – 23 December 1953) was a Georgian Bolshevik and Soviet politician, Marshal of the Soviet Union and state security administrator, chief of the Soviet security, and chief of the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD) under Joseph Stalin during the Second World War, and promoted to deputy premier under Stalin in 1941. He officially joined the Politburo in 1946. Beria was the longest-serving and most influential and brutal of Stalin's secret police chiefs, wielding his most substantial influence during and after the war. Following the Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939, he was responsible for organising purges such as the Katyn massacre of 22,000 Polish officers and officials.He would later also orchestrate the forced upheaval of minorities from the Caucasus as head of the NKVD, an act that was declared genocidal by various scholars and, as concerning Chechens, in 2004 by the European Parliament. He simultaneously administered vast sections of the Soviet state, and acted as the de facto Marshal of the Soviet Union in command of NKVD field units responsible for barrier troops and Soviet partisan intelligence and sabotage operations on the Eastern Front. Beria administered the expansion of the Gulag labour camps, and was primarily responsible for overseeing the secret detention facilities for scientists and engineers known as sharashkas. After the war, Beria oversaw the Soviet atomic bomb project, which Stalin gave absolute priority to, and the project was completed in under five years.After Stalin's death in March 1953, Beria became First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers and head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. \nIn this dual capacity, he formed a troika with Georgy Malenkov and Vyacheslav Molotov that briefly led the country in Stalin's place. The Gulag system was transferred to the Ministry of Justice, and a mass release of over a million prisoners was announced. That amnesty led to a substantial increase in crime. A coup d'état by Nikita Khrushchev, with help from former Marshal of the Soviet Union Georgy Zhukov, removed Beria from power in June 1953. After being arrested, he was tried for treason and other offences, sentenced to death, and executed on 23 December 1953."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# After dining, Beria would take the women into his soundproofed office and rape them. Beria's bodyguards reported that their duties included handing each victim a flower bouquet as she left the house. Accepting it implied that the sex had been consensual; refusal would mean arrest.\n\n[Lavrentiy Beria - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavrentiy_Beria)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Thank fuck that he got killed after Stalins kicked the bucket. Wouldve really pissed me off if this was like a Josef mngele or wherner von braun situation.", "name": "Joel"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Khrushchev had him immediately executed."}, {"role": "user", "content": "You seen the movie death of Stalin, its about the power struggle between kruschev and Beria. As bad as Stalin was, I cant imagine what a Beria Soviet Union wouldve been like. He definitely wouldve continued the cults of personality, even after his death the USSR would be much more brutal.", "name": "Eli"}]

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[{"role": "system", "content": "Math 55 is a two-semester freshman undergraduate mathematics course at Harvard University founded by Lynn Loomis and Shlomo Sternberg. The official titles of the course are Studies in Algebra and Group Theory (Math 55a) and Studies in Real and Complex Analysis (Math 55b). Previously, the official title was Honors Advanced Calculus and Linear Algebra."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Math 55 is a two-semester long math course at Harvard that is described as \"probably the most difficult undergraduate math class in the country.\" In 1970, it covered almost four years worth of coursework. It has a high dropout rate.\n\n[Math 55 - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Math_55)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "> Past students of Math 55 also include Bill Gates,[20] Richard Stallman,[5] and Simpsons executive producer Al Jean.[21] \n\n> Demographics of students taking this course over the years have been used to study the causes of gender and race differences in the fields of mathematics and technology.[22] \n\n> It is legendary among high school math prodigies, who hear terrifying stories about it in their computer camps and at the Math Olympiads. Some go to Harvard just to have the opportunity to enroll in it. Its formal title is \"Honors Advanced Calculus and Linear Algebra,\" but it is also known as \"math boot camp\" and \"a cult.\" The two-semester freshman course meets for three hours a week, but, as the catalog says, homework for the class takes between 24 and 60 hours a week.\n\nInteresting", "name": "Isaiah"}, {"role": "user", "content": "My ex took the equivalent of this class at Yale. He got a c. He was the valedictorian of his high school, went to national math competitions, and got a perfect score on the SAT. \n\nWent on to major in art. This class broke him.", "name": "Erick"}]

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[{"role": "system", "content": "Aimee Knight (née Challenor, born 1 October 1997) is a British transgender activist, a former spokesperson and electoral candidate for the Green Party, and a former Reddit administrator. In 2017, she stood for election in Coventry South, receiving 1.3% of the votes.\nKnight became a topic of contention after she had been hired as an administrator by Reddit in light of controversies, including her father's sex crimes against children, resulting in several subreddits protesting her employment by the company. In the aftermath, Reddit confirmed in an official statement that Knight was no longer employed."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Aimee Challenor\n\n[Aimee Knight - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aimee_Challenor)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "why is everyone talking about her?", "name": "Devin"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Reddit brought the old bethesda method.\n\nShotgun and blindfold, and literally banned peoples account who mentioned her, or shared article about her past, and than proceeded to claim it was \"safety against doxxing\". \n\nNobody violated it, they just gave a link to article that talked about how she hired a person who has done some serious fucked up stuff to a 10 year old (T word and R word). Were at the point i cannot say her name or i will propably get my account sent to shadow realm.\n\n https://www.reddit.com/r/europe/comments/mbbb56/aimee_challenor_and_the_danger_of_transgender/?utm_medium=android_app&utm_source=share", "name": "Josiah"}]

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[{"role": "system", "content": "An electric field (sometimes called E-field) is the physical field that surrounds electrically charged particles. Charged particles exert attractive forces on each other when their charges are opposite, and repulse each other when their charges are the same. Because these forces are exerted mutually, two charges must be present for the forces to take place. The electric field of a single charge (or group of charges) describes their capacity to exert such forces on another charged object. These forces are described by Coulomb's law, which says that the greater the magnitude of the charges, the greater the force, and the greater the distance between them, the weaker the force. Thus, we may informally say that the greater the charge of an object, the stronger its electric field. Similarly, an electric field is stronger nearer charged objects and weaker further away. Electric fields originate from electric charges and time-varying electric currents. Electric fields and magnetic fields are both manifestations of the electromagnetic field, Electromagnetism is one of the four fundamental interactions of nature.\nElectric fields are important in many areas of physics, and are exploited in electrical technology. For example, in atomic physics and chemistry, the interaction in the electric field between the atomic nucleus and electrons is the force that holds these particles together in atoms. Similarly, the interaction in the electric field between atoms is the force responsible for chemical bonding that result in molecules.\nThe electric field is defined as a vector field that associates to each point in space the force per unit of charge exerted on an infinitesimal test charge at rest at that point. The SI unit for the electric field is the volt per meter (V/m), which is equal to the newton per coulomb (N/C).\n\nIt has been suggested that the field value on the shell is half the value just outside the shell. It follows from Purcell's analysis in his 1985 textbook. I have the 1985 version reprinted in 2011 and it does not seem to have survived. Maybe Purcell had second thoughts. Anyway, it we assume that the surface charge has a small but non-zero thickness, then by the mean-value theorem, the value has to be halfway between the value well inside the surface and the value well outside the surface. So, yes, in the real world where there are no true surface charges with zero thickness, then we are assured that somewhere the value must be half. But is it on the shell? No, I don't think so. When looking at real conductors, the surface charge is distributed between the surface radius and a radius a few atomic radii inside the surface. So, yes, I will accept that somewhere the value of the field is half, but not on the surface, but rather a few angstroms beneath the surface. This result is too inconsequential to be cluttering up the article. Constant314 (talk) 22:13, 19 December 2022 (UTC)\n\nLeaving this for referring how one can derive the result rigorously: https://www.ias.ac.in/article/fulltext/reso/023/11/1215-1223.\nWe have used this formula successfully to find its energy as well as problems such as force exerted by a part of the sphere to another. It matches results by other methods and makes the steps simple. In fact I don't think you can solve the later problem without the use of this formula. For sake of completeness, I think we can add a note that mentions it's use as well as the link to give further information. If an alternative to having to use this exist, then there may not be any need to mention this. EditingPencil (talk) 10:09, 20 December 2022 (UTC)\nI object for the following reasons\nThis is primary research. We need a reliable secondary source that says Lima got it right.\nLima himself admits that Assad disagrees. Assad has as much credibility as Lima.\nLima admits that other respected secondary sources disagree.\nThat puts Wikipedia in the position of deciding who got it right. Wikipedia doesn’t do that. The result is not ready for Wikipedia.\n\nI have a couple of lessor reasons.\nThis result is highly specialized. The result for the field value outside the sphere applies whether the surface charge has zero thickness or non-zero thickness. Lima’s result only applies to the case of zero thickness, which does not happen in reality. That means that it only applies in an unphysical hypothetical case. For all physical cases, the result is incorrect. The half value point occurs a few angstroms inside the surface of the sphere.\nAfter reviewing the math, I believe that Lima made a mistake.\nConstant314 (talk) 14:20, 20 December 2022 (UTC)\nI don't see any obvious mistake in the paper nor do I think unphysical things need not be included in Wikipedia but it's fair if this is not included until it is well established. I also think it's good that this discussion was opened here anyways.\nThank you! EditingPencil (talk) 12:11, 21 December 2022 (UTC)\nYes, well-meaning discussions are usually helpful. The article talk page is not the place to discuss math errors in primary research, but I think in step 15 the assertion \n \n \n \n d\n A\n =\n 2\n π\n d\n s\n \n \n {\\displaystyle dA=2\\pi ds}\n assumes that \n \n \n \n r\n >>\n d\n s\n \n \n {\\displaystyle r>>ds}\n . However, this is not the case for r→0. You can continue the discussion on my talk age if you wish. Constant314 (talk) 12:31, 21 December 2022 (UTC)\nThis page gives a formula for the energy per unit volume stored in an electromagnetic field. A formula for the total energy is also given. The source is Griffiths, Intro to Electrodynamics, 3rd edition. Grffiths himself says that these formulas were derived, in earlier chapters, by computing the \"work necessary to assemble a static charge distribution\" against the Coulomb force, and the \"work required to get currents going\" against the back emf. \nI added this physical explanation of the formulas, but my edit was taken down because \"there is no static charge or back emf\" in electromagentic waves. Okay, but at this point in the \"Electric Field\" page, are we talking about waves? It appears that the energy formula is for the energy stored in any EM field, even a static one.\nI don't understand why my edit was removed. Am I missing some fundamental point? Please enlighten me.\nThank you, Tzvi Scarr Scarrtzvi (talk) 11:38, 4 May 2023 (UTC)\n\nThanks for starting a discussion. I believe you are using synthesis. See WP:SYN. That is combining facts to reach a conclusion. If the reference does say it explicitly, it cannot be in Wikipedia. If you have accurately paraphrased the source, you should be able to quote a single, continuous passage that says the same thing. As for what you said, it is incorrect. The energy to assemble a static charge distribution is used to compute the total electric field energy in a static situation. The formula in the article is for the energy density at a point for all cases including static, dynamic, near-field, far-field, and traveling wave. You can use it to compute the total energy in the static case, but you cannot go the other way. Griffiths does give a derivation of the formula and it does not involve the items you mentioned. Constant314 (talk) 13:25, 4 May 2023 (UTC)\nThe equation of Coulomb's law in this page differs from the one in the Coulomb's law page under the vector form section, first paragraphs, in that here the Euclidean norm of the vectorial distance is not taken before squaring it. I also think the notation in the Coulomb's law page is better in that the unit vector is written as the unit vector of the vectorial distance, while here different letters are used for the positions and the unit vector which makes them seem unrelated. Using the same notation for a certain equation across all wikipedia pages seems the way to go to me; it results in more clarity. I'd like some opinions about this as I dislike making changes without a consensus. TheGoatOfSparta (talk) 12:28, 30 June 2023 (UTC)\n\nI agree with you. The vector equations in this article are incorrect because \n \n \n \n \n x\n \n 2\n \n \n −\n \n x\n \n 1\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle x_{2}-x_{1}}\n is a vector and \n \n \n \n \n \n (\n \n x\n \n 2\n \n \n −\n \n x\n \n 1\n \n \n )\n \n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {(x_{2}-x_{1})}^{2}}\n is ambiguous at best. All the instances in this article need to be fixed. Mixing x with r also adds needless complexity. I do not have a preference between x or r but I do prefer \n \n \n \n \n r\n \n 21\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle r_{21}}\n over \n \n \n \n \n r\n \n 2\n ,\n 1\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle r_{2,1}}\n . Constant314 (talk) 13:46, 30 June 2023 (UTC)\nI need a good lesson on formatting (which I can't take now) before I even begin to change anything on wikipedia. So if you know how to make the changes it is faster if you do it. TheGoatOfSparta (talk) 13:50, 30 June 2023 (UTC)\nI'll wait a little longer to see if anyone else has an opinion. As for learning formatting, just go to your sandbox and experiment. Constant314 (talk) 17:57, 30 June 2023 (UTC)\nGot it, it's just I won't have time these days (exams) TheGoatOfSparta (talk) 17:57, 30 June 2023 (UTC)\nI agree it is better not to change letters. I prefer the removal of the coma as well (I also like when vectors have some kind of arrow symbol as a ideal formal documentation style) Bill field pulse (talk) 21:55, 10 January 2024 (UTC)\nI guess I should have indicated that those changes have been completed. We don't generally put arrows above vectors. The reliable sources have gotten away from that. This article uses bold for vectors. Constant314 (talk) 01:20, 11 January 2024 (UTC)\nThat's what I thought. Even though the arrows are clearer, when lots of vectors are being noted the arrows and comas are extra work. If readers familiarize with the latest conventions they should understand.\nShould we ask ourselves \"Is the goal to help less knowledgeable readers keep up (clarity) or to advance the subject matter (easy writing style)?\" Clarity would be my pick despite my being a lazy writer, and a novice here. Bill field pulse (talk) 19:51, 11 January 2024 (UTC)\nHere are some examples:\n\nI would oppose arrows for the following reasons:\nConformance with other technical articles.\nVectors and matrices are often intermixed.\nNone of the examples in the math manual of style (MOS:MATH) use arrows, although they are not forbidden.\nPossible rendering problems on small screens.\nThe manual style emphasizes that symbols should be defined. I think that would take care of any confusion. Constant314 (talk) 20:30, 11 January 2024 (UTC)\nYou are absolutely right the bold face is clear and obvious. The arrows are messy. A well chosen clearly bold face like that is better for all. Thank you for your attention to this. It is much appreciated and helps my understanding. Bill field pulse (talk) 20:50, 11 January 2024 (UTC)\n\"In the special case of a steady state (stationary charges and currents)\" This text is under mathematical formulation->electrostatics. I feel like \"stationary charges\" can be elaborated on. The charges can move, but their position relative to a non accelerating frame of reference has to be constant for the equation in that section to work (please correct me if I am wrong). So if, for example, a charge has the same constant velocity as its frame of reference the equation works. TheGoatOfSparta (talk) 13:47, 6 July 2023 (UTC)\n\nForget for a moment that charge comes in discrete particles. Just think of as continuous stuff. In a DC circuit with continuous charge, the charge distribution doesn't change from moment to moment. Think of as when charge moves, some identical charge seamlessly takes its place. So, as long as the distribution of charge and current density is constant, you can assume static conditions. Constant314 (talk) 15:14, 6 July 2023 (UTC)\nI don't think the situation you describe is electrostatic. \"When movement takes place, Einstein's theory of relativity must be taken into consideration, and a result, an extra factor is introduced, which alters the force produced on the two objects. This extra part of the force is called the magnetic force, and is described by magnetic fields\" taken from Wikipedia. TheGoatOfSparta (talk) 15:18, 6 July 2023 (UTC)\nYes, those are static magnetic fields. If you have two wires carrying DC current, then there is a force between them. Remember, in statics, nothing is moving, except classically, we make an exception for charge so long as \n \n \n \n \n \n \n d\n ρ\n \n \n d\n t\n \n \n \n =\n 0\n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\frac {d\\rho }{dt}}=0}\n and \n \n \n \n \n \n \n d\n J\n \n \n d\n t\n \n \n \n =\n 0\n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\frac {dJ}{dt}}=0}\n . If there is a force between wires, then there must be something restraining the wires for it to be a static case.\nAlso remember that Maxwell's equations are consistent with special relativity, as they are written, in all inertial frames of reference. That sort of led the way to the discovery of special relativity. Constant314 (talk) 15:42, 6 July 2023 (UTC)\nI will just trust you because I lack knowledge from here on. TheGoatOfSparta (talk) 15:45, 6 July 2023 (UTC)\nIn a static charged body the hidden motion of electrons only need be random or balanced to cause a net zero magnetic field. As long as the motions are not aligned to cause a magnetic field there will be no measurable magnetic field. A Permanent magnet has some such aligned charge motion within the atoms. Bill field pulse (talk) 22:25, 10 January 2024 (UTC)\nI think Constant314 is saying that as long as the current is steady and the forces have stabilized over time we have reached a static condition. Bill field pulse (talk) 22:39, 10 January 2024 (UTC)\nI make difinition of electric field more technical, according to you less technical difinition is preferred because it is easy to understand, you are correct but in long run and in case of understanding theory soo deeply these less technical difinition bring a lot of confusion . Let's clearify it with a example, according to your preferred definition(less technical difinition) electric field is a physical field which surround an electrically charged particle ,here reader can be confuse that electric field only surround particle and it will take some time for them to understand that it surround any electric charge no matter if it a particle or not most of learner take a lot of time to understand it and that time can be save if we use word electric charge insted of electrically charge particle.\nCONCLUSION — LESS TECHNICAL DEFINITIONS ARE EASY TO UNDERSTAND BUT MAKE THINGS CONFUSING AND DIFFICULT TO UNDERSTAND IF WE WANT TO UNDERSTAND IN DEPTH. AryanpateI (talk) 17:54, 9 August 2023 (UTC)\n\nAll electric charge exists in the form of charged particles. “Charge density” which appears in Maxwell’s equations is an approximation which breaks down at small scales.\nAt even smaller (atomic) scales, the Uncertainty Principle makes a particle’s charge smear out, appearing as an actual space charge density. This is the origin of atomic and molecular orbitals. However if the charge of a portion of space is measured, it is always found to be quantized, concentrated at one or more points as particles.\nI think it is good for general readers to understand that charge comes in the form of particles, so I support use of the term “charged particles”\n--ChetvornoTALK 16:37, 11 August 2023 (UTC)\nI agree. Charge is a property of some particles and not abstract stuff. I do not oppose having a couple of sentences explaining that in classical E&M that charge may be treated as continuous abstract stuff. Constant314 (talk) 17:39, 11 August 2023 (UTC)\nI would like to see the best mix of good math and good language both as attempts to explain the underlying reality. I like including something like \"the the electric field is a part of the physical change to space that occurs due to the presence of a charge. Charges are field creators. When a charge arrives at a point in space time. This field starts at the charge, positive or negative, and moves out from the charges in all directions.\" Bill field pulse (talk) 23:12, 10 January 2024 (UTC)\nwe have to make a heading of electric field intensity. There is a lot of confusion between electric field and electric field intensity between people.\nIf we observe we find out that the unit of electric field given is actually unit of electric field intensity. AryanpateI (talk) 15:47, 11 August 2023 (UTC)\n\nThe “electric field intensity” at a point is just the magnitude of the electric field vector. I don’t see that this requires a separate heading --ChetvornoTALK 16:53, 11 August 2023 (UTC)\nI agree, but I am not be against having a sentence or two about electric field intensity. By the way, I haven't seen any confusion between electric field and electric field intensity, although I do not doubt that it happens sometimes. In most cases it is not necessary to distinguish between the two terms as they both refer to the same physical phenomenon. Constant314 (talk) 17:34, 11 August 2023 (UTC)\nGiven that \"electric field\" is the force for an infinitesimal charge, and \"electric field intensity\" is just the same force per unit test charge, I think this would warrant at most a single sentence. I personally don't think it's important enough to add it, myself, but if someone else wants to, here's a reference. (Jackson doesn't seem to mention the term at all, adding to my skepticism of its necessity.) PianoDan (talk) 17:47, 11 August 2023 (UTC) PianoDan (talk) 17:47, 11 August 2023 (UTC)\n@PianoDan, huh? I'd think that field intensity i. e. field strength is just the magnitude of the filed, a scalar. Field != force, not even dimensionally. And the force on a 0+ charge is pretty much 0. Also, what's the point of saying \"electric field strength\" = \"strength of the electric field\", that explains nothing 68.199.122.141 (talk) 18:20, 11 August 2023 (UTC)\nYeah, I could have been clearer, because I misread the reference I was looking at.\nI should have said electric field IS the force *per unit charge* on an infinitesimal test charge. I thought L&L were drawing a distinction between consideration of the field of the test charge itself, but they aren't.\nThat said - L&L, who are the ONLY reference on my shelf to even use the term \"electric field intensity\", use it as a vector. Jackson and Griffiths don't seem to use it at all. So given that the only reference I can find uses the term interchangeably with the article definition of electric field, I'm going to say we definitely shouldn't include this without sourcing that indicates it's WP:DUE. PianoDan (talk) 20:49, 11 August 2023 (UTC)\nHarrington,: 1  uses the terms electric intensity for the E field. Kraus uses electric field intensity.: front cover  Hayt uses electric field intensity.: 30  Straton uses electric field intensity.: 1  Constant314 (talk) 03:16, 12 August 2023 (UTC)If we observe we will find out that electric field is actually a physical quantity which change with space and time because electric field is a physical quantity it have dimension which is same as force and charge also a physical quantity,by dividing a physical quantity by another we will get physical quantity. If compare dimension of electric field and electric field intensity they both are different (dimension) .If two physical quantity are same their dimension should have to be same ,but in this case it is different,then how we can say that electric field and electric field intensity both are same .I agree that they both can use interchangeably but it don't men bot are same .\nDIMENSIONS OF ELECTRIC FIELD —\n[MLT^-2]\nDIMENSION OF ELECTRIC FIELD INTENSITY —\n[MLT^-1A]\nDo observe difinition of electric field everything will clear. AryanpateI (talk) 08:50, 12 August 2023 (UTC)\nBoth of those are wrong. The dimensions of the electric field are not the same as force. It is force divided by charge. Constant314 (talk) 11:24, 12 August 2023 (UTC)\nConstant314, check again dimension of electric field intensity don't you think it is correct AryanpateI (talk) 15:04, 12 August 2023 (UTC)\nThe units are wrong. Electric field and electric field intensity have the same units, which you can find in the info box of this article. Constant314 (talk) 19:10, 12 August 2023 (UTC)\nAryan, cite your sources or this discussion is over. What you're saying is wrong on many levels. This very article will tell you what the dimension of E is, and it's different from yours. Electric field is E , electric field strength is |E|, and that's all. 68.199.122.141 (talk) 11:25, 12 August 2023 (UTC)\nThanks you all due to this a lot of concept cleared .I will update if It required. Hey 68.199.122.141 |E| is actually magnitude of electric field (don't have direction) not strength of electric field AryanpateI (talk) 15:02, 12 August 2023 (UTC)\nMagnitude and strength are used interchangeably when discussing the electric field. Constant314 (talk) 19:11, 12 August 2023 (UTC)"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Read a very wordy, detailed, passive-aggressive argument over whether a picture of a cat should be included in the article for Electric Field.\n\n[Talk:Electric field - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Electric_field#Removal_of_cat_picture)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Saving this to read again when I am sad"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I am sad and I can confirm this made me a little less sad", "name": "Giselle"}]

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[{"role": "system", "content": "Tahlequah (born c. 1998), also known as J35, is a killer whale of the southern resident community in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. She has given birth to three known offspring, a male (Notch) in 2010, a female (Tali) in 2018, and another male (Phoenix) in 2020. Her second calf, Tali, died shortly after birth and J35 carried her body for 17 days in an apparent show of grief that attracted international attention."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Tahlequah is a killer whale of the Southern Resident community in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. Her second calf, Tali, died shortly after birth and Tahlequah carried her body for 17 days in an apparent show of grief that attracted international attention.\n\n[Tahlequah (orca) - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahlequah_(orca))"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Killer whales gestate for 15-18 months. I cant imagine that overwhelming sense of loss.", "name": "Gracie"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "Didn't realize their pregnancies were so long, thanks for that info."}]

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[{"role": "system", "content": "The White House is the official residence and workplace of the president of the United States. Located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., it has served as the residence of every U.S. president since John Adams in 1800 when the national capital was moved from Philadelphia. The term \"White House\" is often used as metonymy for the president and his advisers.The residence was designed by Irish-born architect James Hoban in the Neoclassical style. Hoban modeled the building on Leinster House in Dublin, a building which today houses the Oireachtas, the Irish legislature. Construction took place between 1792 and 1800, with an exterior of Aquia Creek sandstone painted white. When Thomas Jefferson moved into the house in 1801, he and architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe added low colonnades on each wing to conceal what then were stables and storage. In 1814, during the War of 1812, the mansion was set ablaze by British forces in the burning of Washington, destroying the interior and charring much of the exterior. Reconstruction began almost immediately, and President James Monroe moved into the partially reconstructed Executive Residence in October 1817. Exterior construction continued with the addition of the semicircular South Portico in 1824 and the North Portico in 1829.\nBecause of crowding within the executive mansion itself, President Theodore Roosevelt had all work offices relocated to the newly constructed West Wing in 1901. Eight years later, in 1909, President William Howard Taft expanded the West Wing and created the first Oval Office, which was eventually moved and expanded. In the Executive Residence, the third floor attic was converted to living quarters in 1927 by augmenting the existing hip roof with long shed dormers. A newly constructed East Wing was used as a reception area for social events; Jefferson's colonnades connected the new wings. The East Wing alterations were completed in 1946, creating additional office space. By 1948, the residence's load-bearing walls and wood beams were found to be close to failure. Under Harry S. Truman, the interior rooms were completely dismantled and a new internal load-bearing steel frame was constructed inside the walls. On the exterior, the Truman Balcony was added. Once the structural work was completed, the interior rooms were rebuilt.\nThe present-day White House complex includes the Executive Residence, the West Wing, the East Wing, the Eisenhower Executive Office Building, which previously served the State Department and other departments (it now houses additional offices for the president's staff and the vice president), and Blair House, a guest residence. The Executive Residence is made up of six stories: the Ground Floor, State Floor, Second Floor, and Third Floor, and a two-story basement. The property is a National Heritage Site owned by the National Park Service and is part of the President's Park. In 2007, it was ranked second on the American Institute of Architects list of America's Favorite Architecture."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# The White House fountain dyed green for St. Patrick's Day\n\n"}, {"role": "user", "content": "What is the dye made out of?", "name": "Caitlin"}, {"role": "user", "content": "taxpayer money", "name": "Katelyn"}]

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[{"role": "system", "content": "Duomo (English: , Italian: [ˈdwɔːmo]) is an Italian term for a church with the features of, or having been built to serve as a cathedral, whether or not it currently plays this role. The Duomo of Monza, for example, has never been a diocesan seat and is by definition not a cathedral. In a similar way, the town of Asolo has not had its own bishop since the 10th century, but the main church (rebuilt since then) is still called the Asolo Duomo. By contradistinction, the Italian word for a cathedral sensu stricto is cattedrale. There is no direct translation of \"duomo\" into English, leading to many such churches being erroneously called \"cathedral\" in English, regardless of whether the church in question hosts a bishop. Each city or town will have only one duomo, unless there are different denominations involved.\nLocally, people usually use il Duomo, the Duomo, without regard to the full proper name of the church.\nSimilar words exist in other European languages: Dom (German and Dutch), dom (Romanian), dóm (Hungarian and Slovak), dôme (French - usually less common), domo (Portuguese), doms (Latvian), tum (Polish), domkirke (Danish and Norwegian), dómkirkja (Icelandic), domkyrka (Swedish), toomkirik (Estonian), tuomiokirkko (Finnish) and so on. Also in these languages the respective terms do not necessarily refer to a church functioning as a cathedral, but also to proto-cathedrals or simply prominent church buildings, which have never been a cathedral in the exact sense of that word. German Dom and Polish tum became the synecdoche used – pars pro toto – for most existing or former collegiate churches. Therefore, translation of these terms into English as \"cathedrals\" may not always be appropriate and should be used on a contextual basis. Generally, only the Italian duomo and the German Dom are likely to be encountered in English. \nAccording to the Oxford English Dictionary and the Zingarelli, the word duomo derives from the Latin word domus, meaning \"house\", as a cathedral is the \"house of God\", or domus Dei. The Garzanti online dictionary also gives the etymology as deriving from \"house\", but \"house of the bishop\" instead.\nItalian cathedrals are often highly decorated and contain notable artworks; in many cases the buildings themselves are true artworks. Perhaps the best known duomo is the one in Florence, but other well-known cathedrals include the Milan Cathedral and those of Siena, Alba, Ancona, Mantua and Parma."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Duomo is an Italian term for a church with the features of, or having been built to serve as, a cathedral, whether or not it currently plays this role. There is no direct translation into English, leading to many such churches being called \"cathedral\", regardless of whether it hosts a bishop.\n\n[Duomo - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duomo)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Would be helpful to have a comment on this post as to why a church has to be fancy to host a bishop and if there are any interesting implications here. Does a church have to even fancier to host a cardinal? What about a deacon? Do pastors of other religions count?", "name": "Austin"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I'm sorry no one in the thread knows what they're talking about and have given only joke answers. A cathedral isn't actually a specific type of building. It is any consecrated church that contains a *cathedra* which is the chair in which a bishop sits. Wherever the chair is, that's where the cathedral is. As you might expect, the bishop often wants the fanciest church to contain the *cathedra.*", "name": "Isabel"}]

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AbouBenAdhem

fhyau56

[{"role": "system", "content": "Wikipedia is a free-content online encyclopedia written and maintained by a community of volunteers, known as Wikipedians, through open collaboration and the use of the wiki-based editing system MediaWiki. Wikipedia is the largest and most-read reference work in history. It is consistently ranked as one of the ten most popular websites in the world, and as of 2024 is ranked the fifth most visited website on the Internet by Semrush. Founded by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger on January 15, 2001, Wikipedia is hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation, an American nonprofit organization that employs a staff of over 700 people. Unfortunately, much of the info found on wikipedia is wrong, because the small-minded nerds who run it don't allow CORRECT info to be added to THEIR pages. They jealously guard their little pieces of territory from anyone who would DARE to enter CORRECT info. This is why wikipedia is viewed as an unreliable source of info by people all over the world.\nInitially only available in English, editions in other languages have been developed. Wikipedia's editions, when combined, comprise more than 62 million articles, attracting around 2 billion unique device visits per month and more than 14 million edits per month (about 5.2 edits per second on average) as of November 2023. Roughly 26% of Wikipedia's traffic is from the United States, followed by Japan at 5.9%, the United Kingdom at 5.4%, Germany at 5%, Russia at 4.8%, and the remaining 54% split among other countries, according to data provided by Similarweb.Wikipedia has been praised for its enablement of the democratization of knowledge, extent of coverage, unique structure, and culture. It has been criticized for exhibiting systemic bias, particularly gender bias against women and geographical bias against the Global South (Eurocentrism). While the reliability of Wikipedia was frequently criticized in the 2000s, it has improved over time, receiving greater praise in the late 2010s and early 2020s, having become an important fact-checking site.Wikipedia has been censored by some national governments, ranging from specific pages to the entire site. Articles on breaking news are often accessed as sources for frequently updated information about those events."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Wikipedia Is the Last Best Place on the Internet\n\n[Wikipedia Is the Last Best Place on the Internet | WIRED](https://www.wired.com/story/wikipedia-online-encyclopedia-best-place-internet/)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Its really a miracle that Wikipedia has done so well.", "name": "Kendall"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Wikipedia itself is a miracle. I can hold the portal to the sum total of human knowledge in the palm of my hand. Access information about anything, absolutely anything, within seconds. 30 years ago this would have seemed crazy - magical even.", "name": "Mia"}]

s094n9

t5_2umfr

slinkslowdown

hs3azgb

[{"role": "assistant", "content": "# Out-of-place artifacts are found in an unusual context, which challenges conventional historical chronology. They may appear \"too advanced\" for the technology known to have existed at the time, or may suggest human presence at a time before humans are known to have existed.\n\n[Out-of-place artifact - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out-of-place_artifact?)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "The Antikythera Mechanism has been explained.\n\nhttps://youtu.be/idVf2eJxcXU", "name": "Jonah"}, {"role": "user", "content": "It took over 100 years after discovery however for it to be properly scanned and understood. So for most of the time we knew about it, it was essentially a mystery that didnt fully align with our understanding of Greek technology. Now that it has been studied and explained, our understanding has adapted!", "name": "Caroline"}]

yvkzcs

t5_7811nr

slinkslowdown

iwewj4k

[{"role": "system", "content": "The Uranus Experiment is a 1999 three-part pornographic science fiction video produced by the Swedish production and distribution company Private Media Group that is notable for being partially shot in microgravity. In a scene from the second part, the performers Sylvia Saint and Nick Lang have sex in zero gravity for about 20 seconds. The scene was shot during a parabolic flight.\nThe filming process for the microgravity scene was particularly difficult from a technical and logistical standpoint. Budget constraints allowed for only one take for the microgravity shot. The other \"zero-gravity\" shots in the film are faked.Described as an \"anal space opera\", the film features music by Liam Howlett from The Prodigy and Robert Del Naja from Massive Attack.Its director John Millerman was nominated in the Best Script category in the 1999 Nebula Awards by a disgruntled group of science fiction authors as a protest against the policies of the awarding body. It did not win the award, which was won by M. Night Shyamalan for his script for his film The Sixth Sense.Regarding the possibility of amateurs hiring a parabolic flight plane to emulate the film, Berth Milton, Jr, the CEO of Private Media Group, said that \"You would not want to be afraid of flying, that's for sure!\""}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# The Uranus Experiment: A 1999 three-part pornographic science fiction video notable for being partially shot in microgravity during a parabolic flight. In a scene from the second part, the performers Sylvia Saint and Nick Lang have sex in zero gravity for about 20 seconds.\n\n[The Uranus Experiment - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Uranus_Experiment)"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": ">Although shot in microgravity conditions, the scene does not count as an example of sex in space because it was shot in the Earth's atmosphere below the Krmn line."}]

sixl9s

t5_2umfr

lightiggy

hvccuq3

[{"role": "system", "content": "1 (one, unit, unity) is a number representing a single or the only entity. 1 is also a numerical digit and represents a single unit of counting or measurement. For example, a line segment of unit length is a line segment of length 1. In conventions of sign where zero is considered neither positive nor negative, 1 is the first and smallest positive integer. It is also sometimes considered the first of the infinite sequence of natural numbers, followed by 2, although by other definitions 1 is the second natural number, following 0.\nThe fundamental mathematical property of 1 is to be a multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. Most if not all properties of 1 can be deduced from this. In advanced mathematics, a multiplicative identity is often denoted 1, even if it is not a number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number; this was not universally accepted until the mid-20th century. Additionally, 1 is the smallest possible difference between two distinct natural numbers.\nThe unique mathematical properties of the number have led to its unique uses in other fields, ranging from science to sports. It commonly denotes the first, leading, or top thing in a group.\n\nThe Hi-Fi murders were the torture of five people resulting in three deaths during a robbery at the Hi-fi Shop, a home audio store in Ogden, Utah, on the evening of April 22, 1974. Several men entered the Hi-fi Shop shortly before closing time and began taking hostages. They forced their victims to drink corrosive drain cleaner, which the perpetrators believed would fatally poison their hostages, but instead caused burns to their mouths and throats. Further violence included kicking a pen into an ear and the brutal rape of an eighteen-year-old girl, before three of the victims were fatally shot. The two surviving victims were left with life-changing injuries.\nPolice only had enough evidence to convict three enlisted United States Air Force airmen: Dale Selby Pierre, William Andrews, and Keith Roberts; the three others involved were never caught. Pierre and Andrews were both sentenced to death and executed for murder and aggravated robbery, while Roberts, who had remained in a getaway vehicle, was merely convicted of robbery. The crime became notorious for its extreme violence and later accusations of racial bias in the Utah judiciary."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# The Hi-Fi murders are one of the most brutal and notorious crimes in Utah history. The victims were bound and forced to drink Drano. One had a ballpoint pen inserted into his ear and stomped on until it punctured his eardrum, broke, and exited his throat.\n\n[Hi-Fi murders - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi-Fi_murders)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "What the fuck ", "name": "Veronica"}, {"role": "user", "content": "So much sadness out there."}, {"role": "user", "content": "Indeed. It becomes very hard to realize that the exact world you live in, can be as gruesome as this case.", "name": "Collin"}]

oekbtc

t5_2qh3b

blue_strat

h488yoy

[{"role": "assistant", "content": "# Richard von Weizscker (19202015) was President of Germany 198494. In a speech 40 years after the Nazi surrender, he said younger generations cannot profess a guilt of their own for crimes they did not commit but whoever refuses to remember the inhumanity is prone to new risks of infection.\n\n[Richard von Weizsäcker - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_von_Weizs%C3%A4cker#Speech_on_the_40th_anniversary_of_the_end_of_World_War_II)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "> the Nazi surrender\n\nThe German surrender. Countries wage wars and surrender, not political parties.", "name": "Jason"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Yes but the German state that lost WW2 was interchangeable with the Nazi Party because, you know, thats how one-party states work.", "name": "Jason"}]

ooj6l7

t5_2qh3b

Igottagitgud

h617ssr

[{"role": "system", "content": "Yu-Mex (a portmanteau of \"Yugoslav\" and \"Mexican\") was a style of popular music in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia which incorporated elements of traditional Mexican music (such as mariachi and ranchera). The style was mostly popular during the 1950s and 1960s when a string of Yugoslav singers began performing traditional Mexican songs."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Yu-Mex was a style of popular music in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia which incorporated the elements of traditional Mexican music. Because most films shown in Yugoslavia in the 50s60s were Mexican, everything Mexican became very popular and musicians started performing Mexican music.\n\n[Yu-Mex - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yu-Mex)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "If you want to hear how it sounds : [here](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mJsPMOiIGy0). imo, interesting combination.", "name": "Sarah"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Huh. Turns out I love Yu-Mex.", "name": "Landon"}]

owtlnt

t5_2umfr

psychedelic666

h7jjgx0

[{"role": "system", "content": "The Maryland ritual killings were a series of ritualistic murders that occurred around Harper, Maryland County, Liberia in the 1970s. The crimes have been regarded as \"Liberia's most notorious ritual killing case\" due to the number of murders, the involvement of high ranking government officials and their subsequent public executions."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Maryland ritual killings: Between 1965 and 1977 over 100 murders occurred in Maryland County, many of which were considered ritualistic due to the mutilation and removal of body parts. During the 1970s, Liberians in Maryland County were constantly under the threat of ritual murders.\n\n[Maryland ritual killings - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland_ritual_killings)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I was confused why Liberians would be at risk in Maryland. Was there a large Liberian immigrant community there?\n\nMaybe I misread it and they're referring to Librarians.\n\nMaryland County, Liberia."}, {"role": "user", "content": "Thanks to this comment of yours I realised I had misread - I thought they were talking about Librarians in Maryland in America.", "name": "Jackson"}]

126oxtx

t5_2qh3b

lightiggy

jeabgqo

[{"role": "system", "content": "Junaluska (Cherokee: Tsunu’lahun’ski) (c.1775 – November 20, 1858), was a leader of Cherokee who resided in towns in western North Carolina in the early 19th century. He fought alongside Andrew Jackson at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend during the War of 1812/Creek War. In the course of the battle he saved Jackson's life, an act he reportedly regretted later in life.\nAlthough he was removed with most Cherokee on the Trail of Tears, Junaluska returned to North Carolina in the late 1840s. The state legislature granted him citizenship and some land near present-day Robbinsville. He was among the Cherokee who lived in North Carolina from the 19th century, and were ancestors to the federally recognized tribe of Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. This group organized in the 20th century."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Junaluska was a Cherokee leader who saved Andrew Jackson from an assassin. Jackson later sent the Cherokees on the Trail of Tears, during which thousands died. Junaluska survived and lived well into old age. He said that had he known what would happen, he wouldve killed Jackson himself.\n\n[Junaluska - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junaluska)"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": ">\"If I had known that Jackson would drive us from our homes, I would have killed him that day at the Horse Shoe.\"\n\nI can't imagine accidentally taking a historical L as bad as this one. As far as I know, the only worse case is the story of that British soldier who didn't shoot Hitler in the First World War. Andrew Jackson is a solid contender for the most evil President in American history. The Trail of Tears was horrible, even for its time. The Indian Removal Act did not pass in a landslide. The vote was rather close. Here is what Davy Crockett (yes, that Davy Crockett) said about his vote.\n\n>\"I believed it was a wicked, unjust measure.... I voted against this Indian bill, and my conscience yet tells me that I gave a good honest vote, and one that I believe will not make me ashamed in the day of judgement.\"\n\nFor those who don't know, in 1832, [the Supreme Court even ruled in favor of a Cherokee on a jurisdiction question](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worcester_v._Georgia). They said the likes of Jackson were going too far and needed to stop. He chose to just ignore the ruling. Actually satanic."}, {"role": "user", "content": "He's probably not the best choice to be featured on our most used currency.", "name": "Sarah"}]

go6esz

t5_2qh3b

blue_strat

frec7er

[{"role": "system", "content": "Benazir Bhutto (21 June 1953 – 27 December 2007) was a Pakistani politician and stateswoman who served as the 11th and 13th prime minister of Pakistan from 1988 to 1990 and again from 1993 to 1996. She was the first woman elected to head a democratic government in a Muslim-majority country. Ideologically a liberal and a secularist, she chaired or co-chaired the Pakistan People's Party (PPP) from the early 1980s until her assassination in 2007.\nOf mixed Sindhi and Kurdish parentage, Bhutto was born in Karachi to a politically important, wealthy aristocratic family. She studied at Harvard University and the University of Oxford, where she was President of the Oxford Union. Her father, the PPP leader Zulfikar Bhutto, was elected prime minister on a socialist platform in 1973. She returned to Pakistan in 1977, shortly before her father was ousted in a military coup and executed. Bhutto and her mother Nusrat took control of the PPP and led the country's Movement for the Restoration of Democracy; Bhutto was repeatedly imprisoned by Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq's military government and then self-exiled to Britain in 1984. She returned in 1986 and—influenced by Thatcherite economics—transformed the PPP's platform from a socialist to a liberal one, before leading it to victory in the 1988 election. As prime minister, her attempts at reform were stifled by conservative and Islamist forces, including President Ghulam Ishaq Khan and the powerful military. Her administration was accused of corruption and nepotism and dismissed by Khan in 1990. Intelligence services rigged that year's election to ensure a victory for the conservative Islamic Democratic Alliance (IJI), at which point Bhutto became Leader of the Opposition.\nAfter the IJI government of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif was also dismissed on corruption charges, Bhutto led the PPP to victory in the 1993 elections. In her second term, she oversaw economic privatisation and attempts to advance women's rights. Her government was damaged by several controversies, including the assassination of her brother Murtaza, a failed 1995 coup d'état, and a further bribery scandal involving her and her husband Asif Ali Zardari; in response, President Farooq Leghari dismissed her government. The PPP lost the 1997 election and in 1998 she went into self-exile, living between Dubai and London for the next decade. A widening corruption inquiry culminated in a 2003 conviction in a Swiss court. Following the United States–brokered negotiations with then President, general Pervez Musharraf, she returned to Pakistan in 2007 to compete in the 2008 elections; her platform emphasised civilian oversight of the military and opposition to growing Islamist violence. After a political rally in Rawalpindi, she was assassinated. The Salafi jihadi group al-Qaeda claimed responsibility, although the involvement of the Pakistani Taliban and rogue elements of the intelligence services was widely suspected. She was buried at her family mausoleum in Garhi Khuda Baksh.\nBhutto was a controversial figure who remains divisive. She was often criticised as being politically inexperienced, was accused of being corrupt, and faced much opposition from Pakistan's Islamist lobby for her secularist and modernising agenda. In the early years of her career, she was nevertheless domestically popular and also attracted support from the international community, seen as a champion of democracy. Posthumously, she came to be regarded as an icon for women's rights due to her political success in a male-dominated society."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Benazir Bhutto (19532007) was Prime Minister of Pakistan 198890 (ousted by a rigged election) and 199396 (surviving a coup attempt). A liberal and secularist educated at Harvard and Oxford, she was the first woman to head a democratic government in a Muslim majority nation. She was assassinated.\n\n[Benazir Bhutto - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "[deleted]"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I remember that, too. If I recall correctly, in the days leading up to her assassination news media showed her re-entering her country and large crowds welcoming her in. Then after a day or 2 (again, IIRC), she was shot and killed.", "name": "Ricardo"}]

121yp60

t5_2umfr

slinkslowdown

jdpg9z9

[{"role": "system", "content": "Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east. Europe shares the landmass of Eurasia with Asia, and of Afro-Eurasia with both Asia and Africa. Europe is commonly considered to be separated from Asia by the watershed of the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Greater Caucasus, the Black Sea, and the waterway of the Bosporus Strait.Europe covers about 10.18 million km2 (3.93 million sq mi), or 2% of Earth's surface (6.8% of land area), making it the second-smallest continent (using the seven-continent model). Politically, Europe is divided into about fifty sovereign states, of which Russia is the largest and most populous, spanning 39% of the continent and comprising 15% of its population. Europe had a total population of about 745 million (about 10% of the world population) in 2021; the third-largest after Asia and Africa. The European climate is affected by warm Atlantic currents, such as the Gulf Stream, which produce a temperate climate, tempering winters and summers, on much of the continent. Further from the sea, seasonal differences are more noticeable producing more continental climates.\nEuropean culture consists of a range of national and regional cultures, which form the central roots of the wider Western civilisation, and together commonly reference ancient Greece and ancient Rome, particularly through their Christian successors, as crucial and shared roots. Beginning with the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE, Christian consolidation of Europe in the wake of the Migration Period marked the European post-classical Middle Ages. The Renaissance, radiating from Florence, spread to the rest of the continent a new humanist interest in art and science. Since the Age of Discovery, led by Spain and Portugal, Europe played a predominant role in global affairs with multiple explorations and conquests around the world.\nBetween the 16th and 20th centuries, European powers colonised at various times the Americas, almost all of Africa and Oceania, and the majority of Asia.\nThe Age of Enlightenment, the French Revolution, and the Napoleonic Wars shaped the continent culturally, politically and economically from the end of the 17th century until the first half of the 19th century. The Industrial Revolution, which began in Great Britain at the end of the 18th century, gave rise to radical economic, cultural and social change in Western Europe and eventually the wider world. Both world wars began and were fought to a great extent in Europe, contributing to a decline in Western European dominance in world affairs by the mid-20th century as the Soviet Union and the United States took prominence and competed over dominance in Europe and globally. The resulting Cold War divided Europe along the Iron Curtain, with NATO in the West and the Warsaw Pact in the East. This divide ended with the Revolutions of 1989, the fall of the Berlin Wall, and the dissolution of the Soviet Union, which allowed European integration to advance significantly.\nEuropean integration is being advanced institutionally since 1948 with the founding of the Council of Europe, and significantly through the realization of the European Union (EU), which represents today the majority of Europe. The European Union is a supranational political entity that lies between a confederation and a federation and is based on a system of European treaties. The EU originated in Western Europe but has been expanding eastward since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. A majority of its members have adopted a common currency, the euro, and participate in the European single market and a customs union. A large bloc of countries, the Schengen Area, have also abolished internal border and immigration controls. Regular popular elections take place every five years within the EU; they are considered to be the second-largest democratic elections in the world after India's. The EU is the third largest economy in the world.\n\nDeath by boiling is a method of execution in which a person is killed by being immersed in a boiling liquid. While not as common as other methods of execution, boiling to death has been practiced in many parts of Europe and Asia. Due to the lengthy process, death by boiling is an extremely painful method of execution. Executions of this type were often carried out using a large vessel such as a cauldron or a sealed kettle filled with a liquid such as water, oil, tar, or tallow, and a hook and pulley system. Instances of boiling alive as a legal punishment were quite rare and infrequent compared to other forms of execution, such as drowning."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Death by boiling is a method of execution in which a person is killed by being immersed in a boiling liquid. While not as common as other methods of execution, it has been practiced in many parts of Europe and Asia. Due to the lengthy process, it is an extremely painful method of execution.\n\n[Death by boiling - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_by_boiling)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Bet its for stupid shit too like for a poor thief stealing a loaf of bread. At least reserve this treatment for rapists and paedophiles - which is clearly the glaringly obvious problems in society.", "name": "Adrianna"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I read it and people were boiled for all sorts of things, rape, murder, coin forgery, being a missionary, being annoying. Reasons vary from place to place, a sikh was boiled because he wouldnt convert to Islam. Just.. read the article?", "name": "Gregory"}]

hxnfls

t5_2qh3b

treeharp2

fz7j57n

[{"role": "assistant", "content": "# Palmanova, Italy, a fortified city founded in 1593 by the Venetian Republic (expanded in later centuries)\n\n"}, {"role": "user", "content": "[deleted]"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I saw this pic and instantly heard the theme music", "name": "Mikayla"}]

nnravk

t5_2qh3b

DataGuru314

gzx9vul

[{"role": "system", "content": "The saguaro ( sə-(G)WAH-roh, Spanish: [saˈɣwaɾo]; Carnegiea gigantea) is a tree-like cactus species in the monotypic genus Carnegiea that can grow to be over 12 meters (40 feet) tall. It is native to the Sonoran Desert in Arizona, the Mexican state of Sonora, and the Whipple Mountains and Imperial County areas of California. The saguaro blossom is the state wildflower of Arizona. Its scientific name is given in honor of Andrew Carnegie. In 1933, Saguaro National Park, near Tucson, Arizona, was designated to help protect this species and its habitat.\n\nSaguaros have a relatively long lifespan, often exceeding 150 years. They may grow their first side arm around 75–100 years of age, but some never grow any arms. Arms are developed to increase the plant's reproductive capacity, as more apices lead to more flowers and fruit. A saguaro can absorb and store considerable amounts of rainwater, visibly expanding in the process, while slowly using the stored water as needed. This characteristic enables the saguaro to survive during periods of drought. It is a keystone species, and provides food and habitat to a large number of species.\nSaguaros have been a source of food and shelter for humans for thousands of years. Their sweet red fleshed fruits are turned into syrup by native peoples, such as the Tohono Oʼodham and Pima. Their ribs are used as building materials in the wood-poor deserts. The saguaro cactus is a common image in Mexican and Arizonan culture, and American Southwest films."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# In 1982, David Grundman was shooting and poking at a saguaro cactus in an effort to make it fall. An arm of the cactus, weighing 230 kg (500 lb), fell onto him, crushing him and his car. The trunk of the cactus then also fell on him.\n\n[Saguaro - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saguaro)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "He won a [Darwin Award](https://darwinawards.com/darwin/darwin1994-11.html)", "name": "Adrianna"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Not the same one, but these are a riot to read:\n\nThe Buckeye Police Department reports that a man accidentally shot his own sausage while shopping in the meat aisle at Walmart. Arizona law does not require a permit (nor a holster for that matter) to carry a firearm, so our hero felt free to carry his piece \"commando-style\" (unholstered) beneath his waistband. When the unholstered gun drifted down into his jeans, he reached in and pulled the trigger while repositioning his weapon. This loose cannon's low hanging fruit didnt have a chance. Firearm supporters can add this event to the arsenal of ammunition against gun control. Guns really do make a difference.\nDarwin Award? Odds are, our gun nut (pun intended) shredded his ability to breed and wins the uncommon Living Darwin Award: still alive but unable to reproduce. Otherwise, his reward is an Honorable Mention -- \"better luck next time.\" We await further information.", "name": "Julian"}]

yjuknm

t5_2qh3b

Alastair789

iurjsgg

[{"role": "system", "content": "Going postal is an American English slang phrase referring to becoming extremely and uncontrollably angry, often to the point of violence, and usually in a workplace environment. The expression derives from a series of incidents from 1986 onward in which United States Postal Service (USPS) workers shot and killed managers, fellow workers, police officers and members of the general public in acts of mass murder. Between 1970 and 1997, more than 40 people were killed by then-current or former employees in at least 20 incidents of workplace rage. Between 1986 and 2011, workplace shootings happened roughly twice per year, with an average of 1.18 people killed per year."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Going postal is an American slang phrase referring to becoming extremely and uncontrollably angry. The expression derives from a series of incidents in which USPS workers shot and killed managers, fellow workers, and members of the police or general public\n\n[Going postal - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Going_postal)"}, {"role": "user", "content": ">In 1998, the United States Congress conducted a joint hearing to review the violence in the U.S. Postal Service. In the hearing, it was noted that while the postal service accounted for less than 1% of the full-time civilian labor force, 13% of workplace homicides were committed at postal facilities by current or former employees.[22]\n\nWell, that's insane. It's not like the internet had even changed working conditions yet.", "name": "Gabriella"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I'm surprised the wikipedia article doesn't mention this, but the Post Office has preferencial hiring for veterans and especially disabled veterans. \"Going Postal\" is mostly a result of mental illness and PTSD among veterans.", "name": "Breanna"}]

1b048rn

t5_7811nr

ICantLeafYou

ks5hre1

[{"role": "system", "content": "Malakas (Greek: μαλάκας [maˈlakas]) is a commonly used profane Greek slang word, with a variety of different meanings, but literally meaning \"man who masturbates\". While it is typically used as an insult, with its literal equivalent in Commonwealth English being \"wanker” and “jerk off” in American English, the meaning varies depending on the tone and context used. It can be an exclamation of pleasure, an expression of dark horror, a cry of anger, a declaration of affection, and other different things. Common alternative meanings include \"asshole\", \"motherfucker\" \"jerk\" or \"idiot\", and the contrasting \"dude\", or \"mate\", depending on the context. It has been described as \"the most used Greek slang word\"."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Malakas: Greek slang with a variety of different meanings, but literally meaning \"man who masturbates\". Alternative meanings include \"asshole\", \"motherfucker\" \"jerk\" or \"idiot\", and the contrasting \"dude\", or \"mate\", depending on context. It has been described as \"the most used Greek slang word\".\n\n[Malakas - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakas)"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": ">While it is typically used as an insult, with its literal equivalent in Commonwealth English being \"wanker and jerk off in American English, the meaning varies depending on the tone and context used. It can be an exclamation of pleasure, an expression of dark horror, a cry of anger, a declaration of affection, and other different things."}, {"role": "user", "content": "Thank you for this! Im loling and saving for future use ", "name": "Michelle"}]

11s16ot

t5_2qh3b

First_Level_Ranger

jcb7na9

[{"role": "system", "content": "\"More Cowbell\" is a comedy sketch that aired on Saturday Night Live on April 8, 2000. \nThe sketch was written by regular cast member Will Ferrell and playwright Donnell Campbell and depicts the recording of the song \"(Don't Fear) The Reaper\" by Blue Öyster Cult.\nThe sketch stars guest host Christopher Walken as music producer Bruce Dickinson, and Ferrell as fictional cowbell player Gene Frenkle, whose overzealous playing annoys his bandmates but pleases producer Dickinson. The sketch also features Chris Parnell as Eric Bloom, Jimmy Fallon as Bobby Rondinelli, Chris Kattan as Buck Dharma, and Horatio Sanz as Joe Bouchard.\nThe sketch is considered one of the greatest SNL sketches ever made; in many \"best of\" lists of SNL sketches, it is often placed in the top ten (ranked number nine by Rolling Stone, for example). As a result of its popularity, \"more cowbell\" became an American pop culture catchphrase, and has even entered the dictionary."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# \"More Cowbell\" is a comedy sketch that aired on Saturday Night Live in 2000. It depicts the recording of the song \"(Don't Fear) The Reaper\" by Blue yster Cult, with Christopher Walken as a music producer and Will Ferrell as an overzealous cowbell player who annoys the band but pleases the producer.\n\n[More Cowbell - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/More_Cowbell)"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "More:\n\n>\nWill Ferrell's idea for the sketch came from hearing \"(Don't Fear) The Reaper\" over the years: \"Every time I heard [the song], I would hear the faint cowbell in the background and wonder, 'What is that guy's life like?'\"\n\n...\n\n>\nThe sketch's offbeat nature, as well as the actors breaking character, made the sketch an immediate fan favorite. Marc Spitz called it \"one of the first super-memes of the new century\" in the New York Times. Walken continued to hear from fans about the sketch in years afterward: \"I hear about it everywhere I go. It's been YEARS, and all anybody brings up is 'COW-bell.' I guess you never know what's gonna click.\" Ferrell even speculates that it \"ruined\" Walken's life."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "Also noteworthy is that the article has an extensive section called \"Factual accuracy\" that goes into great detail about which parts of the sketch were based in reality and which were fabrications."}]

x8f8i5

t5_2umfr

_corleone_x

inilydw

[{"role": "system", "content": "Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest and easternmost country in South America and in Latin America. Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh most populous. Its capital is Brasília, and its most populous city is São Paulo. The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states and the Federal District. It is the only country in the Americas to have Portuguese as an official language. Brazil is one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world.Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 kilometers (4,655 mi). It borders all other countries and territories in South America except Ecuador and Chile and covers roughly half of the continent's land area. Its Amazon basin includes a vast tropical forest, home to diverse wildlife, a variety of ecological systems, and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats. This unique environmental heritage positions Brazil at number one of 17 megadiverse countries, and is the subject of significant global interest, as environmental degradation through processes like deforestation has direct impacts on global issues like climate change and biodiversity loss.\nThe territory which would become known as Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral, who claimed the discovered land for the Portuguese Empire. Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808 when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro. In 1815, the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. Independence was achieved in 1822 with the creation of the Empire of Brazil, a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system. The ratification of the first constitution in 1824 led to the formation of a bicameral legislature, now called the National Congress. Slavery was abolished in 1888. The country became a presidential republic in 1889 following a military coup d'état. An authoritarian military dictatorship emerged in 1964 and ruled until 1985, after which civilian governance resumed. Brazil's current constitution, formulated in 1988, defines it as a democratic federal republic. Due to its rich culture and history, the country ranks thirteenth in the world by number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.Brazil is a regional and middle power that is an emerging power and a major non-NATO ally of the United States. Categorised as a developing country with a high Human Development Index, Brazil is considered an advanced emerging economy, having the ninth largest GDP in the world by nominal, and eighth by PPP measures, the largest in Latin America. As an upper-middle income economy by the World Bank and a newly industrialized country, Brazil has the largest share of global wealth in South America and is one of the world's major breadbaskets, being the largest producer of coffee for the last 150 years. However, the country retains noticeable corruption, crime and social inequality. Brazil is a founding member of the United Nations, the G20, BRICS, G4, Mercosul, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries. Brazil is also an observer state of the Arab League.\n\nThe Man of the Hole (c. 1960s – c. July 2022), or the Tanaru Indian, was a Native American who lived alone in the Amazon rainforest in the Brazilian state of Rondônia. He was the sole inhabitant of the Tanaru Indigenous Territory, a protected Indigenous Territory demarcated by the Brazilian government in 2007.\nIt is not known what language the Man of the Hole spoke, what his people called themselves, or what his name was. He was the last surviving member of his people following their genocide by Brazilian settlers in the 1970s–1990s and chose to remain isolated until his death in 2022. Living primarily by hunting and gathering and moving frequently, he left behind a deep hole of unknown purpose in each of his former homes, giving rise to his nickname. After surviving a further attack by armed ranchers in 2009, he was found dead in his home in August 2022."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Man of the Hole: The last member of an unknown indigenous group in Brazil. He died alone.\n\n[Man of the Hole - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_of_the_Hole)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Not creepy at all. Sad. Kind of beautiful, too.", "name": "Max"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "I find it creepy in the sense that it must be terrifying to be the last one of your own civilization. All your family and friends were murdered, nobody else knows your language and you're isolated from everyone... \n\nI wouldn't be able to live like that. What a lonely life."}]

y1exhr

t5_2qh3b

impshakes

irz4tjx

[{"role": "system", "content": "Telling the bees is a Western European tradition in which bees are told of important events, including deaths, births, marriages and departures and returns in the keeper's household. If the custom was omitted or forgotten and the bees were not \"put into mourning\" then it was believed a penalty would be paid, such as the bees leaving their hive, stopping the production of honey or dying.The custom is best known in England but has also been recorded in Ireland, Wales, Germany, Netherlands, France, Switzerland, Bohemia (now the Czech Republic) and the United States."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# \"Telling the bees\" is a tradition in many European countries in which bees would be told of important events in their keeper's lives such as deaths, births, marriages and departures and returns in the household.\n\n[Telling the bees - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telling_the_bees)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "There's a character in Margaret Atwood's Madaddam trilogy who does this. She doesn't quite believe the bees understand or care but does it anyway because there's no harm in it", "name": "Edgar"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Its like duck programming", "name": "Ariana"}, {"role": "user", "content": "[Or saying \"I know you're listening\" in an empty room.](https://xkcd.com/525/)", "name": "Henry"}]

n1z6n2

t5_2umfr

Draconiondevil

gwlx9yl

[{"role": "system", "content": "Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (; abbr. FOP), also called Münchmeyer disease or formerly myositis ossificans progressiva, is an extremely rare connective tissue disease in which fibrous connective tissue such as muscle, tendons, and ligaments turn into bone tissue. It is the only known medical condition where one organ system changes into another. It is a severe, disabling disorder with no cure or treatment.\nFOP is caused by a mutation of the gene ACVR1. The mutation affects the body's repair mechanism, causing fibrous tissue including muscle, tendons, and ligaments to become ossified, either spontaneously or when damaged as the result of trauma. In many cases, otherwise minor injuries can cause joints to become permanently fused as new bone forms, replacing the damaged muscle tissue. This new bone formation (known as \"heterotopic ossification\") eventually forms a secondary skeleton and progressively restricts the patient's ability to move. Bone formed as a result of this process is identical to \"normal\" bone, simply in improper locations. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the disease can cause joint degradation separate from its characteristic bone growth.Surgical removal of the extra bone growth has been shown to cause the body to \"repair\" the affected area with additional bone. Although the rate of bone growth may differ depending on the patient, the condition ultimately leaves sufferers immobilized as new bone replaces musculature and fuses with the existing skeleton. This has earned FOP the nickname \"stone man disease\"."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP). A rare genetic disorder that causes soft tissues to regrow as bone, slowly turning the entire body into bone.\n\n[Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrodysplasia_ossificans_progressiva)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Median life expectancy 40 years old (if properly managed)\n\nI feel bad for anyone who could bear that for so long. It sounds painful"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Keep in mind thats median. Some live to 70+ others die in their 20s.", "name": "Jasmine"}]

i4kh41

t5_2qh3b

Pupikal

g0j3i21

[{"role": "system", "content": "Tang is an American drink mix brand that was formulated by General Foods Corporation food scientist William A. Mitchell and General Foods Corporation chemist William Bruce James in 1957, and first marketed in powdered form in 1959. The Tang brand is currently owned in most countries by Mondelēz International, a North American company spun off from Kraft Foods in 2012. Kraft Heinz owns the Tang brand in North America.\nSales of Tang were poor until NASA used it on John Glenn's Mercury flight in February 1962, and on subsequent Gemini missions. Since then it has been closely associated with the U.S. human spaceflight program, which created the misconception that Tang was invented for the space program. Tang continues to be used on NASA missions in the present day, over 50 years after its introduction."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Tang (drink mix) \"Sales were poor until NASA used it on John Glenn's Mercury flight in February 1962 and on subsequent Gemini missions. Since then it has been closely associated with the U.S. human spaceflight program.\" \"In 2013, former NASA astronaut Buzz Aldrin said 'Tang sucks.'\"\n\n[Tang (drink mix) - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tang_(drink_mix))"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Buzz Aldrin always knows the right thing to say. Effing American hero.\n\nEdit: changed to present tense because this BAMF is still living.", "name": "Bryson"}, {"role": "user", "content": "You use past tense like the man isnt still alive and punching flat-earthers.", "name": "Tanner"}]

uakbai

t5_2umfr

Carp69

i5z4sid

[{"role": "system", "content": "SOS is a Morse code distress signal ( ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄▄▄ ▄▄▄ ▄▄▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ), used internationally, originally established for maritime use. In formal notation SOS is written with an overscore line (SOS), to indicate that the Morse code equivalents for the individual letters of \"SOS\" are transmitted as an unbroken sequence of three dots / three dashes / three dots, with no spaces between the letters. In International Morse Code three dots form the letter \"S\" and three dashes make the letter \"O\", so \"S O S\" became a common way to remember the order of the dots and dashes. IWB, VZE, 3B, and V7 form equivalent sequences, but traditionally SOS is the easiest to remember.\nSOS, when it was first agreed upon by the International Radio Telegraphic Convention in 1906, was merely a distinctive Morse code sequence and was initially not an abbreviation. Later in popular usage it became associated with mnemonic phrases such as \"Save Our Souls\" and \"Save Our Ship\". Moreover, due to its high-profile use in emergencies, the phrase \"SOS\" has entered general usage to informally indicate a crisis or the need for action.\n\nSOS originated in German government maritime radio regulations adopted effective 1 April 1905. It became a worldwide standard when it was included in the service regulations of the first International Radiotelegraph Convention signed on 3 November 1906, which became effective on 1 July 1908. In modern terminology, SOS is a Morse \"procedural signal\" or \"prosign\", used as a start-of-message mark for transmissions requesting assistance when loss of life or catastrophic loss of property is imminent. Other prefixes are used for mechanical breakdowns, requests for medical assistance, and a relayed distress signal originally sent by another station. SOS remained the maritime radio distress signal until 1999, when it was replaced by the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System.SOS is still recognized as a standard distress signal that may be used with any signaling method. It has been used as a visual distress signal, consisting of three short/three long/three short flashes of light, such as from a survival mirror. In some cases the individual letters \"S O S\" have been spelled out, for example, stamped in a snowbank or formed out of logs on a beach. \"S O S\" being readable upside down as well as right side up (as an ambigram) is an advantage for visual recognition.\n\nThe SOS incident occurred in Mount Asahidake in Daisetsuzan National Park in Japan in 1989. Two lost mountaineers were located and rescued after search teams spotted a large SOS message built from fallen birch logs, but the mountaineers had not created this message, which was determined to have been in place since at least 1987. After returning to search the area for more missing people the next day, police found skeletal remains in the vicinity (initially determined to belong to a female) in addition to personal belongings of a presumed-male hiker found stuffed into a tree root not far from the sign. The items included an ID (belonging to Kenji Iwamura, a man who had been missing since 1984), 2 cameras, a notebook, and a tape recorder with tapes featuring a distressed man calling for help. It is still not known who constructed the sign."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# after seeing an SOS sign 2 men were rescued from a mountain,neither man made the sign so who did?\n\n[SOS incident - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOS_incident)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Ones like these are why I sub to this place. Most posts are just murders, but this is a mystery, complete with weird details.", "name": "Henry"}, {"role": "user", "content": "That, and I've never heard of this ever.", "name": "Manuel"}]

lbvp32

t5_2umfr

heckuvalot

gly4h8g

[{"role": "system", "content": "Edward Joseph Leonski (12 December 1917 – 9 November 1942) was a United States Army soldier and serial killer responsible for the strangling murders of three women in Melbourne, Australia in 1942. Leonski was dubbed The Brownout Strangler, after Melbourne's wartime practice of dropping the electricity voltage to conserve energy. His self-confessed motive for the killings was a twisted fascination with female voices, especially when they were singing, and his claim that he killed the women to \"get their voices\".Leonski was initially arrested by Melbourne police, but was then transferred to U.S. military authorities for prosecution. He was court-martialed for murder under American military law, sentenced to death, and executed. Leonski was the first and only citizen of another country to have been tried and sentenced to death in Australia under the law of their own country."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Eddie Leonski was an American soldier who has an obsession with the female voice, and later confessed he \"killed the women to get at their voices\"\n\n[Eddie Leonski - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_Leonski)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Lmao what a dumbfuck", "name": "Madelyn"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Huh? What part of that is funny?", "name": "Trinity"}, {"role": "user", "content": "He's not saying it's funny he's laughing at what a dumb fuck this guy was", "name": "Adrian"}]

qf434w

t5_2qh3b

NeonHD

hhxx3fh

[{"role": "system", "content": "Deep-fried butter is a snack food made of butter coated with a batter or breading and then deep-fried. The dish has often been served at fairs in the US; among them, the State Fair of Texas in Dallas, Texas, the South Carolina State Fair, the Iowa State Fair in Des Moines, Iowa, and County Fairs across Ohio. Roast butter is a similar dish, for which recipes exist dating to the 17th century."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Deep-fried butter is a snack food made of butter coated with a batter or breading and then deep-fried. The dish has been served at several fairs in the US.\n\n[Deep-fried butter - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep-fried_butter)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Since no one else has posted..... I have been to said state fairs and have eaten said food item. Some time in the early 2010s at the Indiana state fair. It was as horrid as one could imagine.", "name": "Mya"}, {"role": "user", "content": "So if I wouldn't normally eat a stick of butter, would I enjoy this?"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Im not sure anyone really enjoyed it. I think it became so popular and worthy of a wiki article is that it was the \"jump the shark\" of midwest state fair food. Half satire of itself, half deep fried state fair novelty. It was so bizarre and over the top that it became something more than just a deep fried mess..., it became a cultural statement about the our awareness of our hubris in particular regard to our own health and overindulgence.", "name": "Peyton"}]

inre8e

t5_2umfr

whispywoods

g4a1ufo

[{"role": "system", "content": "Long-term nuclear waste warning messages are communication attempts intended to deter human intrusion at nuclear waste repositories in the far future, within or above the order of magnitude of 10,000 years. Nuclear semiotics is an interdisciplinary field of research, first done by the American Human Interference Task Force in 1981.\nA 1993 report from Sandia National Laboratories recommended that such messages be constructed at several levels of complexity. They suggested that the sites should include foreboding physical features which would immediately convey to future visitors that the site was both man-made and dangerous, as well as providing pictographic information attempting to convey some details of the danger, and written explanations for those able to read it."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Long-time nuclear waste warning messages deter human intrusion at nuclear waste repositories in the far future (10,000+ years). Proposed messages include pictures of horrified or disgusted faces, or hostile landscapes such as a mass of many irregularly-sized spikes protruding from the ground.\n\n[Long-term nuclear waste warning messages - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-time_nuclear_waste_warning_messages)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "The cultural memory section is a fucking trip.", "name": "Kate"}, {"role": "user", "content": "You weren't kidding!\n\n> French author Franoise Bastide and Italian semiotician Paolo Fabbri proposed that domestic cats be genetically engineered to change color in the presence of dangerous levels of radiation. The significance of these \"radiation cats\" or \"ray cats\" would be reinforced through fairy tales and myths, the story being that one should move away from sites where such creatures are encountered, or where domesticated cats begin to exhibit such behaviour.[7][8][9][10]", "name": "Trevor"}]

t3mx75

t5_2umfr

ValarNienna

hyv2ppt

[{"role": "system", "content": "Long-term nuclear waste warning messages are communication attempts intended to deter human intrusion at nuclear waste repositories in the far future, within or above the order of magnitude of 10,000 years. Nuclear semiotics is an interdisciplinary field of research, first done by the American Human Interference Task Force in 1981.\nA 1993 report from Sandia National Laboratories recommended that such messages be constructed at several levels of complexity. They suggested that the sites should include foreboding physical features which would immediately convey to future visitors that the site was both man-made and dangerous, as well as providing pictographic information attempting to convey some details of the danger, and written explanations for those able to read it."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Long-term nuclear waste warning messages are meant to warn future peoples away from waste sites: \"We considered ourselves to be a powerful culture. This place is not a place of honor. No highly esteemed deed is commemorated here. This place is best shunned and left uninhabited.\"\n\n[Long-term nuclear waste warning messages - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-term_nuclear_waste_warning_messages)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "[deleted]"}, {"role": "user", "content": "no *radioactive* waste, but you may wanna do some research on how much toxic waste and non-biodegradable waste the solar panel industry has created before trying to make it sound like solar is some sort of super clean industry..", "name": "Alexis"}]

ozsl10

t5_2umfr

ActualGiantPenguin

h84sc8i

[{"role": "system", "content": "Arizona ( ARR-ih-ZOH-nə; Navajo: Hoozdo Hahoodzo [hoː˥z̥to˩ ha˩hoː˩tso˩]; O'odham: Alĭ ṣonak [ˈaɭi̥ ˈʂɔnak]) is a state in the Southwestern region of the United States. Arizona is part of the Four Corners region with Utah to the north, Colorado to the northeast, and New Mexico to the east; its other neighboring states are Nevada to the northwest, California to the west and the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California to the south and southwest. It is the 6th-largest and the 14th-most-populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix.\nArizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union, achieving statehood on February 14, 1912. Historically part of the territory of Alta California and Nuevo México in New Spain, it became part of independent Mexico in 1821. After being defeated in the Mexican–American War, Mexico ceded much of this territory to the United States in 1848, where the area became part of the territory of New Mexico. The southernmost portion of the state was acquired in 1853 through the Gadsden Purchase.\nSouthern Arizona is known for its desert climate, with very hot summers and mild winters. Northern Arizona features forests of pine, Douglas fir, and spruce trees; the Colorado Plateau; mountain ranges (such as the San Francisco Mountains); as well as large, deep canyons, with much more moderate summer temperatures and significant winter snowfalls. There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff, Sunrise, and Tucson. In addition to the internationally known Grand Canyon National Park, which is one of the world's seven natural wonders, there are several national forests, national parks, and national monuments.\nArizona's population and economy have grown dramatically since the 1950s because of inward migration, and the state is now a major hub of the Sun Belt. Cities such as Phoenix and Tucson have developed large, sprawling suburban areas. Many large companies, such as PetSmart and Circle K, have headquarters in the state, and Arizona is home to major universities, including the University of Arizona and Arizona State University. The state is known for a history of conservative politicians such as Barry Goldwater and John McCain, though it has become a swing state since the 1990s.\nArizona is home to a diverse population. About one-quarter of the state is made up of Indian reservations that serve as the home of 27 federally recognized Native American tribes, including the Navajo Nation, the largest in the state and the United States, with more than 300,000 citizens. Since the 1980s, the proportion of Hispanics in the state's population has grown significantly owing to migration from Mexico. A substantial portion of the population are followers of the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.\n\nThe Flowing Wells witch trial was a series of events that resulted in the 1971 firing of Ann Stewart, a tenured teacher, by the Flowing Wells Unified School District in Tucson, Arizona, under charges that she claimed to be a witch and taught witchcraft to her students. A later legal challenge overturned the firing and required the district to rehire the teacher."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Flowing Wells Witch Trial: in 1970, an Arizona public high school teacher was fired because her students claimed she was a witch.\n\n[Flowing Wells witch trial - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowing_Wells_Witch_Trial)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "so odd that I never heard about this...I went to Flowing Wells schools in Tucson in the 70s.\n\nI'm blonde, with a widow's peak and green eyes - uh oh.", "name": "Luis"}, {"role": "user", "content": "So, unrelated question: Do you weigh more or less than a duck?\n\nAsking for ~~an angry mob~~ some friends", "name": "Ava"}]

9qf6pf

t5_2umfr

slinkslowdown

e88z47o

[{"role": "system", "content": "Alexis Bidagan dit St-Martin (April 8, 1802 – June 24, 1880) was a Canadian voyageur who is known for his part in experiments on digestion in humans, conducted on him by the American Army physician William Beaumont between 1822 and 1833. St-Martin was shot in a near-fatal accident in 1822. His wound did not heal fully, leaving an opening into his stomach. Studies of St-Martin's stomach led to greater understanding of the stomach, gastric juices and the processes of digestion."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# St. Martin was accidentally shot with a musket at close range, leaving a hole through his side that healed to form a fistula aperture into his stomach. Dr Beaumont could literally watch the processes of digestion by dangling food on a string into St. Martin's stomach, then later pulling it out.\n\n[Alexis St. Martin - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexis_St._Martin)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "What the fucking hell?", "name": "Hunter"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "Acquiring new medical knowledge was pretty fucking wild before modern medicine. Had to wait for some freak accident to come along and fuck somebody up."}]

ohlkei

t5_2qh3b

IanSan5653

h4q63ks

[{"role": "system", "content": "The Lost Cause of the Confederacy (or simply the Lost Cause) is an American pseudohistorical and historical negationist myth that claims the cause of the Confederate States during the American Civil War was just, heroic, and not centered on slavery. First enunciated in 1866, it has continued to influence racism, gender roles, and religious attitudes in the Southern United States into the 21st century. Historians have dismantled many parts of the Lost Cause mythos.\nBeyond forced unpaid labor and denial of freedom to leave the slaveholder, the treatment of slaves in the United States often included sexual abuse and rape, the denial of education, and punishments such as whippings. Slaves' families were often split up by the sale of one or more family members; when such events occurred, the family members in question usually never saw or heard from one another again. Lost Cause proponents ignore these realities, presenting slavery as a positive good and denying that alleviation of the conditions of slavery was the central cause of the American Civil War. Instead, Lost Cause proponents frame the war as a defense of states' rights and of the Southern agrarian economy against supposed Northern aggression. Lost Cause proponents attribute the Union victory to greater numbers and greater industrial wealth, while they portray the Confederate side of the conflict as being more righteous and having greater military skill. Modern historians overwhelmingly disagree with these characterizations, noting that the central cause of the war was slavery.The Lost Cause reached a high level of popularity at the turn of the 20th century, when proponents memorialized Confederate veterans who were dying off. It reached a high level of popularity again during the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s in reaction to growing public support for racial equality. Through actions such as building prominent Confederate monuments and writing history textbooks, Lost Cause organizations (including the United Daughters of the Confederacy and Sons of Confederate Veterans) sought to ensure that Southern whites would know what they called the \"true\" narrative of the Civil War, and would therefore continue to support white supremacist policies such as Jim Crow laws. White supremacy is a central feature of the Lost Cause narrative."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# The Lost Cause of the Confederacy is an American pseudo-historical negationist ideology that advocates the belief that the cause of the Confederate States during the American Civil War was heroic, just, and not centered on slavery\n\n[Lost Cause of the Confederacy - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_Cause_of_the_Confederacy)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Don't know about these guys but Civil War was definitely not about slavery. Primarily economics and differences in taxation and representation. North controlled the US and and was acting without regard to best interests of agrarian south. Slavery was used as a battle cry to justify Norths position and war. Lots written about this.\n\nAll that said, it was beyond time to end slavery.", "name": "Abby"}, {"role": "user", "content": ">\"Civil war was definitely not about slavery.\"\n\nNo, it definitely was about slavery.\n\n>\"Primarily economics\"\n\nThe economics of slavery.\n\n>\"North controlled the US and was acting without regard to best interests of agrarian south.\"\n\nYep, the North had been advocating for the abolition of slavery, which was not in the South's interest.\n\n>\"Slavery was used as a battle cry to justify North's position and war.\"\n\nIs that why Slavery shows up within so many of the Confederate States constitutions?", "name": "Olivia"}]

onx1yr

t5_2qh3b

somnum_osseus

h5v279t

[{"role": "assistant", "content": "# Veterstrikdiploma is a diploma which children between 5 and 6 years can get in the Netherlands and Belgium after they manage to tie their shoelaces by themselves. It is sometimes used as a derogatory term for a diploma or degree which is deemed worthless.\n\n[Veterstrikdiploma - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veterstrikdiploma?wprov=sfla1)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I come from Australia, and in my kindergarten (45 years ago) you got a certificate from The old woman who lived in a shoe (nursery rhyme) when you could tie your shoes.\n\nEmbarrassingly, I was the last in my class to get this award. Eventually my mother realised that she, a left-hander, was trying to teach me, a right-handed child. She got my right-handed father to show me how to tie shoes, and I got it straight away.\n\nSo I did get my veterstrikdiploma. Eventually.", "name": "Collin"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Im left-handed. My grandfather, who taught me, is right-handed. He sat across from me and told me to be his mirror.", "name": "Austin"}]

i1d9ln

t5_2umfr

pllove

fzxvxbi

[{"role": "system", "content": "Sandra Renee Cantu (March 8, 2001 – March 27, 2009) was an American girl who gained national attention after she disappeared from Tracy, California, on March 27, 2009. Her body was discovered ten days later inside a suitcase in a local irrigation pond. On April 10, police arrested a local woman, 28-year-old Melissa Huckaby (born February 23, 1981), and charged her with the kidnapping, rape, and murder of Cantu. Huckaby pleaded guilty to the kidnapping and murder of Cantu and was sentenced to life without the possibility of parole in 2010."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Sandra Cantu was a 8-year-old girl who disappeared in 2009, and was later found inside a suitcase.\n\n[Murder of Sandra Cantu - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Sandra_Cantu)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Well that was a truly miserable thing to read. Good Lord.", "name": "Alan"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I didn't read the article. Was she ok?", "name": "Brooke"}, {"role": "user", "content": "No, she was murdered.", "name": "Reagan"}]

vgzt9p

t5_2umfr

MPDG_thot

id65p84

[{"role": "system", "content": "Willowbrook State School was a state-supported institution for children with intellectual disabilities located in the Willowbrook neighborhood on Staten Island in New York City from 1947 until 1987.\nThe school was designed for 4,000, but by 1965 it had a population of 6,000. At the time, it was the biggest state-run institution for people with mental disabilities in the United States. Conditions and questionable medical practices and experiments prompted Senator Robert F. Kennedy to call it a \"snake pit\". The institution gained national infamy in 1972, when Geraldo Rivera did an exposé on the conditions there. Public outcry led to its closure in 1987, and to federal civil rights legislation protecting people with disabilities. A February 2020 New York Times investigation found that the alumni of Willowbrook continue to be abused in smaller group homes.A portion of the grounds and some of the buildings were incorporated into the campus of the College of Staten Island, which moved to Willowbrook in the early 1990s."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# 90% of children with intellectual disabilities admitted to Willowbrook State School developed Hepatitis soon after arrival. To analyze transmission of the disease, researcher Saul Krugman fed live virus from the stool of infected children to healthy children.\n\n[Willowbrook State School - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willowbrook_State_School)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "JUST heard a podcast ep on this today! It's grim", "name": "Vincent"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Which podcast?", "name": "Stephen"}, {"role": "user", "content": "It's called Tell No One and the episode title is The Willowbrook School. A similarly terrible (arguably worse) place I learned about through this podcast is St. Joseph's Orphanage in Vermont. Sickening.", "name": "Bailey"}]

14gtcjq

t5_2qh3b

Iamsodarncool

jp85rhx

[{"role": "system", "content": "Henneguya zschokkei or Henneguya salminicola is a species of a myxosporean endoparasite. It afflicts several salmon in the genera Oncorhynchus and Salmo. It causes milky flesh or tapioca disease. H. zschokkei is notable for its lack of mitochondria, mitochondrial DNA, aerobic respiration and its reliance on an exclusively anaerobic metabolism."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Henneguya Zschokkei is a parasite that lives inside salmon. It is the only known multicellular animal to not use aerobic respiration, and it does not have mitochondria; the way it gets energy is unknown. It may be the highly evolved descendant of a jellyfish cancer that escaped its host jellyfish.\n\n[Henneguya zschokkei - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henneguya_zschokkei)"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "The concept of a cancer that lives beyond the host it evolves in is extremely interesting to me. See also: [Clonally Transmissible Cancers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonally_transmissible_cancer). CTVT is particularly fascinating IMO."}, {"role": "user", "content": "> but human cancer transmission is rare.\n\nThank the dogs.", "name": "Juliana"}, {"role": "user", "content": "[deleted]"}, {"role": "user", "content": "HPV is a virus that can cause cancer, not *actual* cancer that can infect other people.", "name": "Brandon"}]

11q6kh3

t5_2qh3b

slinkslowdown

jc32khy

[{"role": "system", "content": "A bank run or run on the bank occurs when many clients withdraw their money from a bank, because they believe the bank may fail in the near future. In other words, it is when, in a fractional-reserve banking system (where banks normally only keep a small proportion of their assets as cash), numerous customers withdraw cash from deposit accounts with a financial institution at the same time because they believe that the financial institution is, or might become, insolvent. When they transfer funds to another institution, it may be characterized as a capital flight. As a bank run progresses, it may become a self-fulfilling prophecy: as more people withdraw cash, the likelihood of default increases, triggering further withdrawals. This can destabilize the bank to the point where it runs out of cash and thus faces sudden bankruptcy. To combat a bank run, a bank may acquire more cash from other banks or from the central bank, or limit the amount of cash customers may withdraw, either by imposing a hard limit or by scheduling quick deliveries of cash, encouraging high-return term deposits to reduce on-demand withdrawals or suspending withdrawals altogether.\nA banking panic or bank panic is a financial crisis that occurs when many banks suffer runs at the same time, as people suddenly try to convert their threatened deposits into cash or try to get out of their domestic banking system altogether. A systemic banking crisis is one where all or almost all of the banking capital in a country is wiped out. The resulting chain of bankruptcies can cause a long economic recession as domestic businesses and consumers are starved of capital as the domestic banking system shuts down. According to former U.S. Federal Reserve chairman Ben Bernanke, the Great Depression was caused by the failure of the Federal Reserve System to prevent deflation, and much of the economic damage was caused directly by bank runs. The cost of cleaning up a systemic banking crisis can be huge, with fiscal costs averaging 13% of GDP and economic output losses averaging 20% of GDP for important crises from 1970 to 2007.Several techniques have been used to try to prevent bank runs or mitigate their effects. They have included a higher reserve requirement (requiring banks to keep more of their reserves as cash), government bailouts of banks, supervision and regulation of commercial banks, the organization of central banks that act as a lender of last resort, the protection of deposit insurance systems such as the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and after a run has started, a temporary suspension of withdrawals. These techniques do not always work: for example, even with deposit insurance, depositors may still be motivated by beliefs they may lack immediate access to deposits during a bank reorganization."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# A bank run occurs when many clients withdraw their money from a bank, because they believe the bank may fail in the near future. As a bank run progresses, it may become a self-fulfilling prophecy: as more people withdraw cash, the likelihood of default increases, triggering further withdrawals.\n\n[Bank run - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_run)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "It's a wonderful life", "name": "Sergio"}, {"role": "user", "content": "The bank run scene where they end the day with a single dollar (loaned to the B&L by George Bailey) is what finally made me truly *get* bank runs and what theyre all about.", "name": "Braden"}]

1b7nywb

t5_2qh3b

oneultralamewhiteboy

ktk307w

[{"role": "system", "content": "Obetrol was the brand name of a drug combining several amphetamine salts indicated for the treatment of exogenous obesity. It was originally sold by the American company Obetrol Pharmaceuticals. Obetrol was a popular diet pill in America in the 1950s and 1960s.The original formulation of amphetamine mixed salts that included methamphetamine was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on January 19, 1960, under the name Obetrol. Indicated for exogenous obesity, between 1965 and 1973, Obetrol was marketed in 10 mg and 20 mg strength through Obetrol Pharmaceuticals division of the American pharmaceutical company Rexar. When sold directly to physicians, Obetrol used the brand name Oby-Rex."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Obetrol was the brand name of a drug combining several amphetamine salts, including methamphetamine, indicated for the treatment of exogenous obesity. Obetrol was a popular diet pill in America in the 1950s and 1960s.\n\n[Obetrol - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obetrol)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I credit my healthy weight to amphetamine use. \n\nLost 120 lbs and have kept it off for nine years. \n\nIt wasn't willpower, it wasn't gumption or elbow grease, it was just counting calories and having a suppressed appetite that gave me the ability to stick to under 2000 a day.\n\nWasn't even the intended effect; it was a side-effect of getting it for ADHD.\n\nBe weary of anti-Adderall propaganda, folks. The stuff is a miracle drug and does not deserve the bad reputation it has.", "name": "Catherine"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Methamphetamine in pharmaceutical form (desoxyn) is apparently the best adhd med, at the lowest dose with the least side effects but stigma. \n\nI havent been able to hve my adhd prescription (Dexedrine) for about 15 years. But Im also trying to gain weight and bulk out with muscle so when I go back on this isnt a side effect I am fond of. It really kills my appetite a lot", "name": "Jasmin"}]

fd76z2

t5_2umfr

demosthenes131

fjg2mog

[{"role": "system", "content": "Charles \"Carl\" Panzram (June 28, 1891 – September 5, 1930) was an American serial killer, spree killer, mass murderer, rapist, child molester, arsonist, robber, thief, and burglar. In prison confessions and in his autobiography, Panzram confessed to having murdered twenty-one boys and men, only five of which could be corroborated; he is suspected of having killed more than a hundred boys and men in the United States alone, and several more in Portuguese Angola. \nPanzram also confessed to having committed more than a thousand acts of rape against males of all ages. After a lifetime of crime, during which he served many prison terms and escaped from many prisons, Panzram was executed by hanging in 1930 for the murder of a prison employee at the United States Penitentiary in Leavenworth, Kansas."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Carl Panzram claimed in prison confessions to \"have committed 22 murders\" and \"over 1000 acts of sodomy of boys and men.\" He stole a .45 caliber handgun from the home of former President Taft at one point, using the gun in multiple murders.\n\n[Carl Panzram - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Panzram)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "According to Wikipedia, he wrote: In my lifetime I have murdered 21 human beings, I have committed thousands of burglaries, robberies, larcenies, arsons and, last but not least, I have committed sodomy on more than 1,000 male human beings. For all these things I am not in the least bit sorry.\" But Wikipedia says [This quote needs a citation]\n\nIm not quite clear where the Wikipedia editor found that quote, if it is a quote", "name": "Devin"}, {"role": "user", "content": "The quote is from the opening of Carl Panzam's autobiography. I've been reading it the last week or so.", "name": "Valeria"}]

8vikhh

t5_2qh3b

Yunk21

e1o1ywc

[{"role": "system", "content": "Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. He was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence. Following the American Revolutionary War and prior to becoming president in 1801, Jefferson was the nation's first U.S. secretary of state under George Washington and then the nation's second vice president under John Adams.\nDuring the American Revolution, Jefferson represented Virginia at the Second Continental Congress and served as the second governor of Virginia from 1779 to 1781. In 1785, Congress appointed Jefferson U.S. minister to France, where he served from 1785 to 1789. President Washington then appointed Jefferson the nation's first secretary of state, where he served from 1790 to 1793. During this time, in the early 1790s, Jefferson and James Madison organized the Democratic-Republican Party to oppose the Federalist Party during the formation of the nation's First Party System. Jefferson and Federalist John Adams became both friends and political rivals. In the 1796 U.S. presidential election between the two, Jefferson came in second, which made him Adams' vice president under the electoral laws of the time. Four years later, in the 1800 presidential election, Jefferson again challenged Adams, and won the presidency. In 1804, Jefferson was reelected overwhelmingly to a second term.\nAs president, Jefferson assertively defended the nation's shipping and trade interests against Barbary pirates and aggressive British trade policies. Beginning in 1803, he promoted a western expansionist policy with the Louisiana Purchase, which doubled the nation's geographic size. To make room for settlement, Jefferson began the process of Indian tribal removal from the newly acquired territory. As a result of peace negotiations with France, Jefferson was able to reduce military forces and expenditures. In his second presidential term, Jefferson was beset by difficulties at home, including the trial of his former vice president Aaron Burr. In 1807, Jefferson implemented the Embargo Act to defend the nation's industries from British threats to U.S. shipping, limiting foreign trade and stimulating the birth of the American manufacturing industry.\nPresidential scholars and historians generally praise Jefferson's public achievements, including his advocacy of religious freedom and tolerance, his peaceful acquisition of the Louisiana Territory from France, and his leadership in supporting the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Jefferson is consistently ranked among the top ten US presidents, though his relationship with slavery continues to be debated. Jefferson was a slave owner, but condemned the slave trade in his draft of the Declaration of Independence and signed the Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves in 1807. Since the 1790s, he was rumored to have had children by his slave Sally Hemings; according to scholarly consensus, Jefferson probably fathered at least six children with Hemings. Jefferson's writings and advocacy for human rights, including freedom of thought, speech, and religion, served as substantial inspirations to the American Revolution and subsequent Revolutionary War in which the Thirteen Colonies succeeded in breaking from British America and establishing the United States as a free and sovereign nation. Jefferson was a leading proponent of democracy, republicanism, and individual rights, and produced formative documents and decisions at the state, national, and international levels.\n\nThe religious views of Thomas Jefferson diverged widely from the traditional Christianity of his era. Throughout his life, Jefferson was intensely interested in theology, religious studies, and morality.\nJefferson was most comfortable with Deism, rational religion, theistic rationalism, and Unitarianism. He was sympathetic to and in general agreement with the moral precepts of Christianity. He considered the teachings of Jesus as having \"the most sublime and benevolent code of morals which has ever been offered to man,\" yet he held that the pure teachings of Jesus appeared to have been appropriated by some of Jesus' early followers, resulting in a Bible that contained both \"diamonds\" of wisdom and the \"dung\" of ancient political agendas.Jefferson held that \"acknowledging and adoring an overruling providence\" (as in his First Inaugural Address) was important and in his second inaugural address, expressed the need to gain \"the favor of that Being in whose hands we are, who led our fathers, as Israel of old\". Still, together with James Madison, Jefferson carried on a long and successful campaign against state financial support of churches in Virginia. Jefferson also coined the phrase \"wall of separation between church and state\" in his 1802 letter to the Danbury Baptists of Connecticut. During his 1800 campaign for the presidency, Jefferson even had to contend with critics who argued that he was unfit to hold office because of their discomfort with his \"unorthodox\" religious beliefs.\nJefferson used certain passages of the New Testament to compose The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth (the \"Jefferson Bible\"), which excluded any miracles by Jesus and stressed his moral message. Though he often expressed his opposition to many practices of the clergy, and to many specific popular Christian doctrines of his day, Jefferson repeatedly expressed his admiration for Jesus as a moral teacher, and consistently referred to himself as a Christian (though following his own unique type of Christianity) throughout his life. Jefferson opposed Calvinism, Trinitarianism, and what he identified as Platonic elements in Christianity. He admired the religious work of Joseph Priestley (an English chemist and theologian who moved to America). In private letters Jefferson also described himself as subscribing to other certain philosophies, in addition to being a Christian. In these letters he described himself as also being an \"Epicurean\" (1819), \na \"19th century materialist\" (1820), a \"Unitarian by myself\" (1825), \nand \"a sect by myself\" (1819).\nWhen John Adams and Jefferson resumed their correspondence between 1812 and 1826, religion was among the topics discussed. As an octogenarian, Jefferson transcribed his religious view thusly:When we take a view of the Universe, in it's parts general or particular, it is impossible for the human mind not to percieve [sic] and feel a conviction of design, consummate skill, and indefinite power in every atom of it's composition. the movements of the heavenly bodies, so exactly held in their course by the balance of centrifugal and centripetal forces, the structure of our earth itself, with it's distribution of lands, waters and atmosphere, animal and vegetable bodies, examined in all their minutest particles, insects mere atoms of life, yet as perfectly organised as man or mammoth, the mineral substances, their generation and uses, it is impossible, I say, for the human mind not to believe that there is, in all this, design, cause and effect, up to an ultimate cause, a fabricator of all things from matter and motion, their preserver and regulator while permitted to exist in their present forms, and their regenerator into new and other forms."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Thomas Jefferson was Deist, the belief that a God created the universe but hasn't interfered with it since.\n\n[Religious views of Thomas Jefferson - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_views_of_Thomas_Jefferson)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "This is actually pretty much what I believe. I additionally believe that our God is one of several Gods and that he's really just a C-grade god and the other gods make fun of him.", "name": "Angel"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Haha! Youre universe sucks!! How are your different inhabitants even supposed to reach one another with those STUPID laws of physics you created? Your black holes dont even make sense, and all of your matter is just gonna entropy until time completely loses meaning. You suck, loser.", "name": "Zachary"}]

lq6kyi

t5_2umfr

Edthusiasm

goezoqk

[{"role": "assistant", "content": "# Ion Rimaru - Possibly Romania's most famous serial killer. After his execution, it was found that his father had committed similar crimes to his son during WW2.\n\n[Ion Rîmaru - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_R%C3%AEmaru)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Coincidence or...? Regardless, YIKES", "name": "Zachary"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "I don't think so. Article mentions his father knowing all about his son's crimes and even encouraging them to an extent. But yeah, massive yikes still."}]

bdoe45

t5_2umfr

Dull_Paramedic

el00g0k

[{"role": "system", "content": "The Peoples Temple Agricultural Project, better known by its informal name \"Jonestown\", was a remote settlement in Guyana established by the Peoples Temple, an American cult under the leadership of Jim Jones. Jonestown became internationally infamous when, on November 18, 1978, a total of 918 people died at the settlement, at the nearby airstrip in Port Kaituma, and at a Temple-run building in Georgetown, Guyana's capital city. The name of the settlement became synonymous with the incidents at those locations.In total 909 individuals died in Jonestown itself, all but two from apparent cyanide poisoning, a significant number of whom were injected against their will, in an event termed \"revolutionary suicide\" by Jones and some Peoples Temple members on an audio tape of the event, and in prior recorded discussions. The poisonings in Jonestown followed the murder of five others by Temple members at Port Kaituma, including U.S. Congressman Leo Ryan, an act that Jones ordered. Four other Temple members committed murder-suicide in Georgetown at Jones' command.\nTerms used to describe the deaths in Jonestown and Georgetown have evolved over time. Many contemporary media accounts after the events called the deaths a mass suicide. In contrast, later sources refer to the deaths with terms such as mass murder-suicide, a massacre, or simply mass murder. Seventy or more individuals at Jonestown were injected with poison, and a third of the victims were minors. Guards armed with firearms and crossbows had been ordered to shoot anyone who attempted to flee the settlement as Jones lobbied for suicide."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Jonestown - The mass murder and suicide of over 900 people by cyanide poisoning, 300 of them children. An audio recording of the event exists online.\n\n[Jonestown - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonestown)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "The creepiest thing about the audio recording is the demonic sounding groans and howls that can be heard in the background after Jones is talking. Downright chilling."}, {"role": "user", "content": "Hearing people die makes me so uncomfortable. It was like the sounds of hell.", "name": "George"}]

ya3st0

t5_7811nr

slinkslowdown

itaqhv7

[{"role": "system", "content": "Sally Forth was an American comic strip created by Wally Wood for a military male readership, featuring a sexy action-adventure character who is often depicted nude. Her name is a play on words – \"to sally forth\" means to leave or attack from a military encampment.\nIt is unrelated to Greg Howard's Sally Forth, a daily newspaper comic strip about an American housewife that began in 1982."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Sally Forth was an American comic strip created by Wally Wood for a military male readership, featuring a sexy action-adventure character who is often depicted nude. Her name is a play on words \"to sally forth\" means to leave or attack from a military encampment.\n\n[Sally Forth (Wally Wood comic strip) - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally_Forth_(Wally_Wood_comic_strip))"}, {"role": "user", "content": "It is unrelated to Sally Forth (Greg Howard comic strip), a daily newspaper comic strip about an American housewife that began in 1982.\n\nI was really confused.", "name": "Shawn"}]

e4w07x

t5_2umfr

hi_its_spenny

f9fxe12

[{"role": "system", "content": "The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney ( DIZ-nee), is an American multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate that is headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios complex in Burbank, California. Disney was founded on October 16, 1923, by brothers Walt Disney and Roy Disney as Disney Brothers Studio; it also operated under the names Walt Disney Studio and Walt Disney Productions before changing its name to the Walt Disney Company in 1986. In 1928, Disney established itself as a leader in the animation industry with the short film Steamboat Willie. The film used synchronized sound to become the first post-produced sound cartoon, and popularized Mickey Mouse, who became Disney's mascot and corporate icon.\nAfter becoming a major success by the early 1940s, Disney diversified into live-action films, television, and theme parks in the 1950s. However, following Walt Disney's death in 1966, the company's profits, especially in the animation division, began to decline. In 1984, Disney's shareholders voted Michael Eisner as CEO, who led a reversal of the company's decline through a combination of international theme park expansion and the highly successful Disney Renaissance period of animation in the 1990s. In 2005, under new CEO Bob Iger, the company continued to expand into a major entertainment conglomerate with the acquisitions of Marvel Studios, Lucasfilm, and 20th Century Studios. In 2020, Bob Chapek became the head of Disney after Iger's retirement. However, Chapek was ousted in 2022 and Iger was reinstated as CEO.The company is known for its film studio division Walt Disney Studios, which includes Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios, Pixar, Marvel Studios, Lucasfilm, 20th Century Studios, 20th Century Animation, and Searchlight Pictures. Disney's other main business units include divisions in television, broadcasting, streaming media, theme park resorts, consumer products, publishing, and international operations. Through these divisions, Disney owns and operates the ABC television network; cable television networks such as Disney Channel, ESPN, Freeform, FX, and National Geographic; publishing, merchandising, music, and theater divisions; direct-to-consumer streaming services such as Disney+, Star+, ESPN+, Hulu, and Hotstar; and Disney Experiences, which includes several theme parks, resort hotels, and cruise lines around the world.\nDisney is one of the biggest and best-known companies in the world, and has been ranked number 53 on the 2022 Fortune 500 list of biggest companies in the United States by revenue. In 2023, the company’s seat in Forbes Global 2000 was 87. Since its founding, the company has won 135 Academy Awards, 26 of which have been awarded to Walt. The company has been said to have produced some of the greatest films of all time, as well as revolutionizing the theme park industry. The company, which has been public since 1940, trades on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) with ticker symbol DIS and has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since 1991. In August 2020, about two-thirds of the stock was owned by large financial institutions. The company celebrated their 100th anniversary on October 16, 2023."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Fired after he developed bad acne, the former Disney child star was drug-addicted and penniless when he died alone in an abandoned building\n\n[Bobby Driscoll - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Driscoll?wprov=sfti1)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Nothing creepy about the story just sort of sad?", "name": "Sergio"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Yeah what's so creepy about this poor lads story? The fact that he gained recognition via creepywiki makes it even more sad", "name": "Hunter"}]

yxji2z

t5_2qh3b

Bearcha

iwq5exa

[{"role": "assistant", "content": "# Meet the man behind one third of wikipedia edits Steven Pruitt where he has also created more than 33,000 articles on wiki, Pruitt has been editing since 2004 for free.\n\n"}, {"role": "user", "content": "> Meet the man behind one third of wikipedia edits\n\nUgh, this is like broken telephone. The guy has not made one third of Wikipedia edits, but rather has made at least one edit to a third of all articles.\n\nThat in turn gets distorted, so go look at [his contributions list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Ser_Amantio_di_Nicolao) and it immediately becomes apparent that the bulk of his edits involve high-volume semi-automated edits like renaming categories. Its still a *lot* of work, and he deserves credit, but its not as *fantastical* as many make it out to be, let alone as sinister as some are already making it out to be in the comments here.\n\nThe guys a highly dedicated volunteer, but not superhuman.", "name": "Wesley"}, {"role": "user", "content": "There are millions of edits a day every day, there is no universe where a single human could be making 1/3 of them.", "name": "Matthew"}]

htuk8s

t5_2umfr

psychedelic666

fyj8bur

[{"role": "system", "content": "The Ocoee massacre was a mass racial violence event that saw a white mob attack numerous African-American residents in the northern parts of Ocoee, Florida, a town located in Orange County near Orlando. Previously inhabited by the Seminoles, Ocoee was the home to 255 African-American residents and 560 white residents according to the 1920 Census. The massacre took place on November 2, 1920, the day of the U.S. presidential election leaving a lasting political, but also community impact, as the 1930 census shows 1,180 whites, 11 Native Americans, and 2 African Americans (0.2%).By most estimates, a total of 30–80 black people were killed during what has been considered the \"single bloodiest day in modern American political history\". One of the victims killed two white rioters in self-defense. Most African American-owned buildings and residences in northern Ocoee were burned to the ground. Other African Americans living in southern Ocoee were later killed or driven out of town by the threat of further violence being used against them. Thus, Ocoee essentially became an all-white or \"sundown\" town. \nThe attack was intended to prevent black citizens from voting. Poll taxes had been imposed as de facto disenfranchisement in Florida since the beginning of the 20th century. In Ocoee and across the state, various black organizations had been conducting voter registration drives for a year. In November 1920, Mose Norman, a prosperous African-American farmer, tried to vote, but was turned away twice after refusing to pay the poll tax on Election Day. Norman was among those working on the voter drive. Rightfully angered, he returned armed with a shotgun and threatened poll workers several times so much so that there was a warrant out for his arrest. Reports say they fired at poll workers, but were driven off. \nLater that day, some white Ocoee residents were deputized by Orange County Sheriff Deputy Clyde Pounds and charged with arresting Julius \"July\" Perry and Mose Norman. They surrounded the home of Julius Perry, where Mose Norman was thought to have taken refuge. In the process of attempting to arrest Perry, two white men were killed and others wounded, although the perpetrators were never identified. Perry and his 19-year-old daughter, Caretha, were also wounded by gunfire. Reinforcements from Orlando and Orange County were called upon, contributing to a mob that laid waste to the African-American community in northern Ocoee and eventually lynching Perry, who was in custody at the Orange County Sheriff’s Office, shooting and taking his body to Orlando, where he was hanged from a lightpost to intimidate other black people. Norman escaped, never to be found. Hundreds of other African Americans fled the town, leaving behind their homes and possessions.\n\"Most of the people living in Ocoee don't even know that this happened there\", said Pamela Schwartz, chief curator of the Orange County Regional History Center, which sponsored an exhibit on it. For almost a century, many descendants of survivors were not aware of the massacre that occurred in their hometown."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Ocoee massacre: on the day of the 1920 presidential election, a white mob killed up to 50 African Americans in Ocoee, FL and burned their businesses and homes to the ground. Some of the victims were lynched, shot, burned, beaten, and castrated. Multiple pregnant women were murdered.\n\n[Ocoee massacre - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocoee_massacre)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "You hear about two sterilized lectures about lynching and that's about it if you're lucky. I managed to have a teacher that went into appropriate depth with the lynchings, at least as far as he was allowed to without receiving complaints from parents unburdened with brains.\n\nIf you're going to school in the South, hardly that. You'll get a monotone dismissive 15 minutes before you move on to the Great Depression."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "Im a Southerner & Im grateful for my private school education which was much more comprehensive of the misdeeds of American history. \n\nI remember being in elementary school watching videos of brutal police violence against young black people, and we did a whole section about Emmett Till in my 8th grade English class. Im so glad to have read Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, Lorraine Hansberry, and Mildred Taylor in high school. \n\nFrom what Ive heard from my public school friends this was barely an area of study. I hope the public school system implements more black authors, scholars, and coverage of racist historical events."}]

p0gpa3

t5_2umfr

somnum_osseus

h88jeow

[{"role": "assistant", "content": "# In 1946, 12-year-old Muriel Drinkwater was murdered. The case remains unsolved, but in 2008, a DNA profile of the suspect was extracted from her clothes, possibly the oldest sample in the world to be successfully extracted in a murder investigation. It was used to rule out a suspect in 2019.\n\n[Murder of Muriel Drinkwater - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Muriel_Drinkwater?wprov=sfla1)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I see things like this and the recent Netflix docs about Gacy, Bundy, Gacy, etc. and I still wonder how the hell anyone was caught back then. I mean NOW it's nigh impossible to get away with anything not only due to DNA but cellphone records and triangulation, CC usage, cameras everywhere, etc. but back then...and even moreso with each previous decade...you had to be incredibly incompetent or wanting to get caught I feel to actually get anything pinned on you. \n\n\nNow picture even earlier times like with Panzram or Albert Fish...those guys spent their whole lives murdering, raping and eating people with impunity it feels like when you read about them. Think of how many people that weren't caught.", "name": "Kathryn"}, {"role": "user", "content": "This is why I can't stand when boomers complain about how \"scarier\" the world has gotten. It isn't that it's gotten scarier, it's that we're now aware of it and not literally feeding our children to the wolves like they did.", "name": "Kylie"}]

12m45l9

t5_2qh3b

First_Level_Ranger

jg9a65y

[{"role": "system", "content": "Jack Douglas Teixeira ( tay-SHAIR-ə; born December 2001) is an American airman in the 102nd Intelligence Wing of the Massachusetts Air National Guard. In April 2023, following an investigation into the removal and disclosure of hundreds of classified Pentagon documents, Teixeira was arrested by FBI agents and charged with unauthorized retention and transmission of national defense information in violation of the Espionage Act of 1917 and unauthorized removal and retention of classified documents or material. In March 2024, Teixeira pleaded guilty to six counts of willful retention and transmission of national defense information; he will be sentenced in September 2024."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Jack Teixeira is an American airman in the Massachusetts Air National Guard. In April 2023, Teixeira was charged with violating the Espionage Act after allegedly disclosing hundreds of Pentagon documents on a Discord server known as \"Thug Shaker Central.\"\n\n[Jack Teixeira - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Teixeira)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "This guy is about to be made an example of.", "name": "Donovan"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Good. He's now in the \"find out\" section, often entered after leaving the \"fuck around\" area.", "name": "Bryan"}]

nkbkc6

t5_2umfr

penngo1

gzcqxhg

[{"role": "system", "content": "Nyleen Kay Marshall (née Briscoe; September 18, 1978 – disappeared June 25, 1983) is an American girl who disappeared under mysterious circumstances in the Elkhorn Mountains in the Helena National Forest near Helena, Montana. Two years after her disappearance, the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children, other missing person non-profits, as well as Marshall's family, received phone calls and letters from an anonymous man claiming to have abducted Marshall. In the letters and phone calls, the man detailed sexual abuse but alleged that Marshall was safe and had traveled the world with him. The identity of the anonymous caller and writer is unknown.\nMarshall's disappearance has received coverage from the NBC series Unsolved Mysteries, as well as television figure Nancy Grace."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Disappearance of Nyleen Marshall \"I love her and I have her. I just can't let her go!\"\n\n[Disappearance of Nyleen Marshall - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disappearance_of_Nyleen_Marshall)"}, {"role": "user", "content": ">true crime-writer Nancy Grace\n\nWhat now?", "name": "Nicholas"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "Maybe she has been busy editing articles."}]

gromty

t5_2qh3b

captain_crozier

fs0wdin

[{"role": "system", "content": "Kurt Hubert Franz (17 January 1914 – 4 July 1998) was an SS officer and one of the commanders of the Treblinka extermination camp. Because of this, Franz was one of the major perpetrators of genocide during the Holocaust. Sentenced to life imprisonment in the Treblinka Trials in 1965, he was eventually released in 1993.\nThe verdict against Franz stated that \"a large part of the streams of blood and tears that flowed in Treblinka can be attributed to him alone.\""}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Kurt Franz was an SS officer and one of the commanders of Treblinka extermination camp, where 700-900,000 Jews and 2,000 Romani were killed. After his arrest, a photo album from his time at Treblinka was found, with the title \"Beautiful Years\".\n\n[Kurt Franz - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Franz)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "[deleted]"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "At least he served decades in prison. As far as West German punishments for Nazism, thats about as good as it gets, short of hanging. So many guys served a few years starting in the mid-late 40s and were out by the early 50s- just look at the fates of many members of the Einsatzgruppen, who killed over 1.5 million people. Many served less than 5 years and then were quickly re-integrated."}]

tc6gjy

t5_2qh3b

poopatroopa3

i0cnsas

[{"role": "system", "content": "Vyacheslav Mikhaylovich Molotov (né Skryabin; 9 March [O. S. 25 February] 1890 – 8 November 1986) was a Russian and later Soviet politician and diplomat, an Old Bolshevik, and a leading figure in the Soviet government from the 1920s onward. He served as Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars from 1930 to 1941 and as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1939 to 1949 and from 1953 to 1956.\nDuring the 1930s, he ranked second in the Soviet leadership, after Joseph Stalin, whom he supported loyally for over 30 years, and whose reputation he continued to defend after Stalin's death. As People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs in August 1939, Molotov became the principal Soviet signatory of the German–Soviet non-aggression pact, also known as the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. He retained his place as a leading Soviet diplomat and politician until March 1949, when he fell out of Stalin's favour and lost the foreign affairs ministry leadership to Andrei Vyshinsky. Molotov's relationship with Stalin deteriorated further, and Stalin criticised Molotov in a speech to the 19th Party Congress.\nMolotov was reappointed Minister of Foreign Affairs after Stalin's death in 1953 but staunchly opposed Nikita Khrushchev's de-Stalinization policy, which resulted in his eventual dismissal from all positions and expulsion from the party in 1961 (after numerous unsuccessful petitions, Molotov was readmitted in 1984). Molotov defended Stalin's policies and legacy until his death in 1986 and harshly criticised Stalin's successors, especially Khrushchev."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# When soviet premier Vyacheslav Molotov claimed that they were not bombing but rather delivering food to the starving Finns, the Finns started to call the air bombs Molotov bread baskets. They responded by attacking advancing tanks with \"Molotov cocktails,\" which were \"a drink to go with the food\".\n\n[Vyacheslav Molotov - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyacheslav_Molotov)"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "So I finally learned why it's called a cocktail. I wish the infamy of their propaganda was as well-known as this term."}, {"role": "user", "content": "I always assumed because it's in a bottle and you mix some ingredients.\n\nBut I like this story better", "name": "Conner"}]

1bga60g

t5_2qh3b

Cyanidechrist____

kv61i7t

[{"role": "system", "content": "This Day is a Nigerian national newspaper. It is the flagship newspaper of Leaders & Company Ltd., and was first published on 22 January 1995. It has its headquarters in Apapa, Lagos State. Founded by Nduka Obaigbena, the chairman and editor-in-chief of the This Day Media Group and Arise News.\nThis Day is a member of the Belt and Road News Network. Since 2014, it has maintained a close relationship with the Chinese embassy.This Day publisher Nduka Obaigbena has previously been criticised for late and non-payment of the paper's staff and suppliers.\n\nThe Thirteenth Amendment (Amendment XIII) to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. The amendment was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, by the House of Representatives on January 31, 1865, and ratified by the required 27 of the then 36 states on December 6, 1865, and proclaimed on December 18. It was the first of the three Reconstruction Amendments adopted following the American Civil War.\nPresident Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, effective on January 1, 1863, declared that the enslaved in Confederate-controlled areas (and thus almost all slaves) were free. When they escaped to Union lines or federal forces (including now-former slaves) advanced south, emancipation occurred without any compensation to the former owners. Texas was the last Confederate-slave territory, where enforcement of the proclamation was declared on June 19, 1865. In the slave-owning areas controlled by Union forces on January 1, 1863, state action was used to abolish slavery. The exceptions were Kentucky and Delaware, and to a limited extent New Jersey, where chattel slavery and indentured servitude were finally ended by the Thirteenth Amendment in December 1865.\nIn contrast to the other Reconstruction Amendments, the Thirteenth Amendment has rarely been cited in case law, but it has been used to strike down peonage and some race-based discrimination as \"badges and incidents of slavery\". The Thirteenth Amendment has also been invoked to empower Congress to make laws against modern forms of slavery, such as sex trafficking.\nFrom its inception in 1776, the United States was divided into states that allowed slavery and states that prohibited it. Slavery was implicitly recognized in the original Constitution in provisions such as the Three-fifths Compromise (Article I, Section 2, Clause 3), which provided that three-fifths of each state's enslaved population (\"other persons\") was to be added to its free population for the purposes of apportioning seats in the United States House of Representatives, its number of Electoral votes, and direct taxes among the states. The Fugitive Slave Clause (Article IV, Section 2, Clause 3) provided that slaves held under the laws of one state who escaped to another state did not become free, but remained slaves.\nThough three million Confederate slaves were eventually freed as a result of Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, their postwar status was uncertain. To ensure that abolition was beyond legal challenge, an amendment to the Constitution to that effect was drafted. On April 8, 1864, the Senate passed an amendment to abolish slavery. After one unsuccessful vote and extensive legislative maneuvering by the Lincoln administration, the House followed suit on January 31, 1865. The measure was swiftly ratified by nearly all Northern states, along with a sufficient number of border states up to the assassination of President Lincoln. However, the approval came via his successor, President Andrew Johnson, who encouraged the \"reconstructed\" Southern states of Alabama, North Carolina, and Georgia to agree, which brought the count to 27 states, leading to its adoption before the end of 1865.\nThough the Amendment abolished slavery throughout the United States, some black Americans, particularly in the South, were subjected to other forms of involuntary labor, such as under the Black Codes, white supremacist violence, and selective enforcement of statutes, as well as other disabilities."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# On this day in 1995: Mississippi formally ratifies the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, becoming the last state to approve the abolition of slavery. The Thirteenth Amendment was officially ratified in 1865.\n\n[Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Why did it take them that long?", "name": "Mya"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Racism", "name": "Caroline"}]

vqcwx2

t5_2qh3b

Kurma-the-Turtle

ieovncg

[{"role": "system", "content": "James Joseph Dresnok (Korean: 제임스 조새프 드레스녹, November 24, 1941 – November 2016) was an American defector to North Korea, one of seven U.S. soldiers to defect after the Korean War.\nAfter defecting, Dresnok worked as an actor in propaganda films, some directed by Kim Jong Il, and as an English teacher in Pyongyang. He was featured on the CBS magazine program 60 Minutes on January 28, 2007, as the last U.S. defector alive in North Korea. He was also the subject of a documentary film, Crossing the Line, by British filmmakers Daniel Gordon and Nicholas Bonner, which was shown at the 2007 Sundance Film Festival.Dresnok most often called himself Joe Dresnok but was also referred to as \"James\" or \"Jim\" Dresnok in media reports. He was known by most North Koreans as \"Arthur\", from his starring role in the miniseries Unsung Heroes (1978)."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# James Joseph Dresnok was an American defector to North Korea, one of six U.S. soldiers to defect after the Korean War. After defecting, Dresnok worked as an actor in propaganda films, some directed by Kim Jong-il.\n\n[James Joseph Dresnok - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Joseph_Dresnok)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Mostly feel bad for his Romanian \"wife\" Doina Bumbea who was [kidnapped and forcibly married to him](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doina_Bumbea).", "name": "Sean"}, {"role": "user", "content": "> It has been reported that Bumbea was kidnapped along with other foreign women to obtain wives for American defectors in North Korea and prevent them from marrying ethnic Koreans and having mixed children with them.\n\nThe sheer racism of North Korea is really something.", "name": "Mya"}]

qyyjwo

t5_2umfr

micciemoore

hlm2xnn

[{"role": "system", "content": "John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to as JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. He was the youngest person elected president. Kennedy served at the height of the Cold War, and the majority of his foreign policy concerned relations with the Soviet Union and Cuba. A Democrat, Kennedy represented Massachusetts in both houses of the U.S. Congress prior to his presidency.\nBorn into the prominent Kennedy family in Brookline, Massachusetts, Kennedy graduated from Harvard University in 1940, joining the U.S. Naval Reserve the following year. During World War II, he commanded PT boats in the Pacific theater. Kennedy's survival following the sinking of PT-109 and his rescue of his fellow sailors made him a war hero and earned the Navy and Marine Corps Medal, but left him with serious injuries. After a brief stint in journalism, Kennedy represented a working-class Boston district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1947 to 1953. He was subsequently elected to the U.S. Senate, serving as the junior senator for Massachusetts from 1953 to 1960. While in the Senate, Kennedy published his book, Profiles in Courage, which won a Pulitzer Prize. Kennedy ran in the 1960 presidential election. His campaign gained momentum after the first televised presidential debates in American history, and he was elected president, narrowly defeating Republican opponent Richard Nixon, the incumbent vice president.\nKennedy's presidency saw high tensions with communist states in the Cold War. He increased the number of American military advisers in South Vietnam, and the Strategic Hamlet Program began during his presidency. In 1961, he authorized attempts to overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro in the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion and Operation Mongoose. In October 1962, U.S. spy planes discovered Soviet missile bases had been deployed in Cuba. The resulting period of tensions, termed the Cuban Missile Crisis, nearly resulted in nuclear war. In August 1961, after East German troops erected the Berlin Wall, Kennedy sent an army convoy to reassure West Berliners of U.S. support, and delivered one of his most famous speeches in West Berlin in June 1963. In 1963, Kennedy signed the first nuclear weapons treaty. He presided over the establishment of the Peace Corps, Alliance for Progress with Latin America, and the continuation of the Apollo program with the goal of landing a man on the Moon before 1970. He supported the civil rights movement but was only somewhat successful in passing his New Frontier domestic policies.\nOn November 22, 1963, Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas. His vice president, Lyndon B. Johnson, assumed the presidency. Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested for the assassination, but he was shot and killed by Jack Ruby two days later. The FBI and the Warren Commission both concluded Oswald had acted alone, but conspiracy theories about the assassination persist. After Kennedy's death, Congress enacted many of his proposals, including the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Revenue Act of 1964. Kennedy ranks highly in polls of U.S. presidents with historians and the general public. His personal life has been the focus of considerable sustained interest following public revelations in the 1970s of his chronic health ailments and extramarital affairs. Kennedy is the most recent U.S. president to have died in office."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# President JFK'S sister, Rosemary Kennedy, was a victim of mood swings and other mental disorders. To save the reputation of the family, she was lobotomized and immediately institutionalized until she eventually passed away in 2005.\n\n[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosemary\\_Kennedy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosemary_Kennedy)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Rose Kennedy never forgave him for doing that. He told no one - he just did it. Old bastard.", "name": "Xavier"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "the fact that he didn't even have the decency to talk about it with her mother is just...insane to me. what is even more insane is that it didn't even happen that long ago."}]

xpmzt5

t5_2qh3b

thegodsarepleased

iq6puc0

[{"role": "system", "content": "In ancient Greek religion and mythology, Pan (; Ancient Greek: Πάν, romanized: Pán) is the god of the wild, shepherds and flocks, rustic music and impromptus, and companion of the nymphs. He has the hindquarters, legs, and horns of a goat, in the same manner as a faun or satyr. With his homeland in rustic Arcadia, he is also recognized as the god of fields, groves, wooded glens, and often affiliated with sex; because of this, Pan is connected to fertility and the season of spring.In Roman religion and myth, Pan's counterpart was Faunus, a nature god who was the father of Bona Dea, sometimes identified as Fauna; he was also closely associated with Sylvanus, due to their similar relationships with woodlands. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Pan became a significant figure in the Romantic movement of western Europe and also in the 20th-century Neopagan movement."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# \"The great god Pan is dead\" refers to an incident during the reign of Tiberius (AD 1437) when a Greek sailor, bound for the island of Paxi, heard a disembodied voice at sea proclaim the news. Pan is the only Greek god whose death is accounted for in the historical record.\n\n[Pan (god) - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_(god))"}, {"role": "user", "content": "> In Rabelais' Fourth Book of Pantagruel (16th century), the Giant Pantagruel, after recollecting the tale as told by Plutarch, opines that the announcement was actually about the death of Jesus Christ, which did take place at about the same time (towards the end of Tiberius' reign), noting the aptness of the name: \"for he may lawfully be said in the Greek tongue to be Pan, since he is our all. For all that we are, all that we live, all that we have, all that we hope, is him, by him, from him, and in him.\"\n\nthats super interesting. I dont think its true but its interesting", "name": "Morgan"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Another theory is that it was about Tamuz, a god whos whole schtich is being dead. The sailor thought they were talking to him because his name was Tamuz, when they were just doing a prayer.", "name": "Mary"}]

p8l50w

t5_2umfr

roxzillaz

h9sbmqb

[{"role": "system", "content": "Millicent Lilian 'Peg' Entwistle (5 February 1908 – 16 September 1932) was a British stage and screen actress. She began her stage career in 1925, appearing in several Broadway productions. She appeared in only one film, Thirteen Women, which was released posthumously. Entwistle gained notoriety after she jumped to her death from atop the 'H' on the Hollywoodland sign in September 1932, at the age of 24."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Millicent Lilian \"Peg\" Entwistle (5 February 1908 16 September 1932) was a British stage and screen actress. She began her stage career in 1925. Entwistle gained notoriety after she jumped to her death from atop the \"H\" on the Hollywoodland sign in September 1932, at the age of 24.\n\n[Peg Entwistle - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peg_Entwistle)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Wow, she was the stepmother of Brian Keith. He also would commit suicide one day. So sad. Her final note is so mysterious, I wonder what happened? I had heard about the woman who jumped from the Hollywood sign, thanks for putting a name and face to her.", "name": "Bryce"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "Np. If they both committed suicide then maybe there really are genetic factors that cause suicide ideation? Idk for sure but its interesting."}, {"role": "user", "content": "Step mother to... so no relation", "name": "Carson"}]

hfyp95

t5_2qh3b

wjandrea

fw1mp60

[{"role": "system", "content": "Cetacea is an infraorder that comprises the 94 species of whales, dolphins, and porpoises. It is divided into toothed whales (Odontoceti) and baleen whales (Mysticeti), which diverged from each other in the Eocene some 50 million years ago (mya). Cetaceans are descended from land-dwelling hoofed mammals, and the now extinct archaeocetes represent the several transitional phases from terrestrial to completely aquatic. Historically, cetaceans were thought to have descended from the wolf-like mesonychians, but cladistic analyses confirm their placement with even-toed ungulates in the order Cetartiodactyla.Whale populations were drastically reduced in the 20th century from intensive whaling, and the activity was globally banned in 1982. Smaller cetaceans are at risk of accidentally getting caught by fishing vessels using, namely, seine fishing, drift netting, or gill netting operations."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Where \"List of cetaceans\" is missing images, it says \"cetacean needed\"\n\n[List of cetaceans - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cetaceans)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "\"*a list of existing (extant) species*\"\n\nWhew, I'm glad they explained what \"\"*existing*\"\" means!", "name": "Damian"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Its less an explication and more a specification / restriction: because English is so imprecise one could argue that *Basilosaurus* or *Janjucetus* exist (they are, after all, real genera). \n\nBy specifying that this is a list of existing extant species you unambiguously exclude both the fanciful (which you could assert are extant since they dont exist) and the extinct.", "name": "Eli"}]

jovk6l

t5_2umfr

LivingRaccoon

gbbbtkr

[{"role": "system", "content": "The Ohio State University (Ohio State or OSU) is a public land-grant research university in Columbus, Ohio, United States. A member of the University System of Ohio, it was founded in 1870. It one of the largest universities by enrollment in the United States, with nearly 50,000 undergraduate students and nearly 15,000 graduate students. The university consists of sixteen colleges and offers over 400 degree programs at the undergraduate and graduate levels.It is classified among \"R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity\". As of 2023, the university has an endowment of $7.4 billion. Its athletic teams compete in NCAA Division I as the Ohio State Buckeyes as a member of the Big Ten Conference for the majority of fielded sports.\nIt is a member of the Association of American Universities. Past and present alumni and faculty include six Nobel Prize laureates, nine Rhodes Scholars, seven Churchill Scholars, one Fields Medalist, seven Pulitzer Prize winners, 64 Goldwater scholars, seven U.S. senators, 15 U.S. representatives, and 104 Olympic medalists.\n\nBrian Randall Shaffer (born February 25, 1979) is an American medical student at the Ohio State University College of Medicine. On the night of March 31, 2006, Shaffer went out with friends to celebrate the beginning of spring break; later he was separated from them and they assumed he had gone home. However, a security camera outside the entrance to a Columbus bar recorded him briefly talking to two women just before 2 a.m., April 1, and then walking off screen without any further evidence of him leaving the area. Shaffer has not been seen or heard from since. The case received national media attention.Shaffer's disappearance has been especially puzzling to investigators since there was no other publicly accessible entrance or exit to the bar at that time. Columbus police have several theories about what happened; some interest and suspicion has been directed at a friend of Shaffer's who accompanied him that night, but has refused to take polygraph tests regarding the incident. While foul play has been suspected, including the possible involvement of the purported Smiley Face serial killer, it has also been speculated that he might be alive and living somewhere else under a new identity."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# In 2006, an Ohio State medical student named Brian Shaffer entered a bar with friends. After being recorded entering through the bar's only publicly accessible entrance by security cameras, Shaffer was never seen exiting the bar and has never been seen or heard from since.\n\n[Disappearance of Brian Shaffer - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disappearance_of_Brian_Shaffer)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Before anyone else says \"smiley-face killers\" there's almost zero evidence to point to a smiley-face killer.\n\n1. this would need to be a widespread [nearly global] system of murderers\n\n2. The smiley face is an extremely common symbol, so it isn't shocking to find it on dams, which are basically giant concrete walls and are therefore prime real estate for graffiti \n\n3. Besides drowning and dams, the cases have almost nothing else in common", "name": "Jorge"}, {"role": "user", "content": "The hell is a smiley-face killer ?", "name": "Michael"}]

g2wqqr

t5_2qh3b

lucasschoolthrowaway

fnohutv

[{"role": "system", "content": "An out-of-place artifact (OOPArt or oopart) is an artifact of historical, archaeological, or paleontological interest to someone that is claimed to have been found in an unusual context, which someone (usually the finder or owner) claims to challenge conventional historical chronology by its presence in that context. Some people might think that those artifacts are too advanced for the technology known to have existed at the time, or that human presence existed at a time before humans are known to have existed. Other people might hypothesize about a contact between different cultures that is hard to account for with conventional historical understanding.\nThis description of archaeological objects is used in fringe science such as cryptozoology, as well as by proponents of ancient astronaut theories, young Earth creationists, and paranormal enthusiasts. It can describe a wide variety of items, from anomalies studied by mainstream science to pseudoarchaeology to objects that have been shown to be hoaxes or to have conventional explanations.\nCritics argue that most purported OOPArts which are not hoaxes are the result of mistaken interpretation and wishful thinking, such as a mistaken belief that a particular culture could not have created an artifact or technology due to a lack of knowledge or materials. In some cases, the uncertainty results from inaccurate descriptions. For example, the cuboid Wolfsegg Iron is not really a perfect cube, nor are the Klerksdorp spheres actual perfect spheres. The Iron pillar of Delhi was said to be \"rust proof\", but it has some rust near its base; its relative resistance to corrosion is due to slag inclusions left over from the manufacturing conditions and environmental factors.Supporters regard OOPArts as evidence that mainstream science is overlooking huge areas of knowledge, either willfully or through ignorance. Many writers or researchers who question conventional views of human history have used purported OOPArts in attempts to bolster their arguments. Creation science often relies on allegedly anomalous finds in the archaeological record to challenge scientific chronologies and models of human evolution. Claimed OOPArts have been used to support religious descriptions of prehistory, ancient astronaut theories, and the notion of vanished civilizations that possessed knowledge or technology more advanced than that known in modern times."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Out-of-place artifactsAncient objects found that oppose our records of history or were more advanced than thought possible at the time\n\n[Out-of-place artifact - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out-of-place_artifact)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Which one do you think is the most interesting OP?", "name": "Makenzie"}, {"role": "user", "content": "This one's my favourite \"Antikythera mechanism: A form of mechanical computer created between 150 and 100 BCE based on theories of astronomy and mathematics developed by the ancient Greeks. Its design and workmanship reflect a previously unknown, but not implausible, degree of sophistication\"", "name": "Sophie"}]

pbqgyc

t5_2umfr

feefifofum95

haff047

[{"role": "assistant", "content": "# After breaking his teeth with musket blows; stamping a swastika on his scalp with a red-hot brand; subjecting him to tortures which caused him to be taken into a hospital, even now the fascist hyenas of the Sonninburg concentration camp continue their beastly attacks upon this defenseless man.\n\n[Erich Mühsam - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_M%C3%BChsam)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "A true fucking hero.", "name": "Marcus"}, {"role": "user", "content": "He did everything he could to promote Soviet-style Communism and Anarchism, his barbaric treatment doesn't absolve him of that or elevate him to some kind of \"hero.\"", "name": "Jennifer"}, {"role": "user", "content": "That's an over simplification of his views.\n\nBut regardless, he fought against Nazis before most people were willing to stand up and died doing so. Unless he was also eating babies or something while fighting Nazis, he's a fucking hero.", "name": "Ava"}]

hi5wxg

t5_2umfr

Tarkier12

fweswtd

[{"role": "system", "content": "The Somalia affair was a 1993 Canadian military scandal, prompted by the beating to death of Shidane Arone, a Somali teenager, at the hands of two Canadian peacekeepers participating in humanitarian efforts in Somalia. The act was documented by photos, and brought to light internal problems in the Canadian Airborne Regiment. Military leadership were sharply rebuked after a CBC reporter received altered documents, leading to allegations of a cover-up. The Somalia affair tarnished Canada's international reputation in what was heralded as \"the darkest era in the history of the Canadian military\".Eventually a public inquiry was called. Despite being cut short by the government, resulting in a public backlash, the Somalia Inquiry exposed problems in the Canadian Forces. The affair led to the disbanding of Canada's elite Canadian Airborne Regiment, greatly damaging the morale of the Canadian Forces. It also led to the immediate reduction of Canadian military spending by nearly 25% from the time of the killing to the inquiry."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# The Somalia Affair was a Canadian millitary scandal. In 1993 members of the Canadian Airbone Regiment sodomized and murdered a 14 year old boy. The longest sentence received was 5 years.\n\n[Somalia affair - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia_affair#:~:text=The%20Somalia%20affair%20was%20a,in%20the%20Canadian%20Airborne%20Regiment.)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "[deleted]"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Name a country that doesn't have a dark history. A majority of countries are founded on blood and genocide. The Maple syrup isn't the only thing that's sticky and dark here...", "name": "Jose"}]

imix2g

t5_2qh3b

bdog556

g40vmv2

[{"role": "assistant", "content": "# The Marquis de Lafayette was a French aristocrat and military officer, sometimes called The Hero of the Two Worlds\" for his service in the American and French Revolutions.\n\n[Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette?wprov=sfti1)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Lafayette!", "name": "Paige"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Im taking this horse by the reins, making red coats redder with blood stains!", "name": "Camila"}]

rx996b

t5_2umfr

emilycatqueen

hrhe8m4

[{"role": "assistant", "content": "# The Goinia accident that occurred on September 13, 1987, in Brazil, after a forgotten radiotherapy source was stolen from an abandoned hospital site in the city. It was subsequently handled by many people, resulting in four deaths including a 6-year old who was fascinated by the powders blue glow.\n\n[Goiânia accident - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goi%C3%A2nia_accident)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I remember watching a video about this nuclear incident. The saddest part was these people genuinely did not know that the \"blue powder\" was radioactive and the little girl who died ate it and rubbed it on herself because she thought it was pretty.", "name": "Angelina"}, {"role": "user", "content": "And her father, who gave the Cesio 137 to the little girl resulting in her death, drank himself to death, after 8 years. Sad story.", "name": "Abby"}]

rntvnu

t5_2qh3b

Elementaryfan

hpvxvlk

[{"role": "system", "content": "The blue hour (from French l'heure bleue; pronounced [lœʁ blø]) is the period of twilight (in the morning or evening, around the nautical stage) when the Sun is at a significant depth below the horizon. During this time, the remaining sunlight takes on a mostly blue shade. This shade differs from the colour of the sky on a clear day, which is caused by Rayleigh scattering.\nThe blue hour occurs when the Sun is far enough below the horizon so that the sunlight's blue wavelengths dominate due to the Chappuis absorption caused by ozone. Since the term is colloquial, it lacks an official definition such as dawn, dusk, or the three stages of twilight. Rather, blue hour refers to the state of natural lighting that usually occurs around the nautical stage of the twilight period (at dawn or dusk).The blue hour is shorter in regions near the equator due to the sun rising and setting at steep angles. In places closer to the poles, the illumination and twilight periods are longer as the sun rises and sets at shallower angles."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# The blue hour (from French l'heure bleue) is the period of twilight (in the morning or evening, around the nautical stage) when the Sun is at a significant depth below the horizon. During this time, the remaining sunlight takes on a mostly blue shade.\n\n[Blue hour - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_hour)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "When I worked at a golf course during the summers my morning shift would start around this time. Always so peaceful and the cool crisp air and smell of the morning dew still sticks in my head.", "name": "Claire"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I worked for a university biological station for a couple summers and sometimes my shifts would start at 6am. Loved walking down the gravel roads with the cabins. \n\nSomething about having an early as fuck job makes you appreciate the time of morning but also makes you grateful you dont have to wake up at 5am anymore", "name": "Jorge"}]

gpv3b6

t5_2umfr

cuebas

frpufnu

[{"role": "assistant", "content": "# The Nanjing Massacre or the Rape of Nanjing, was an episode of mass murder and mass rape committed by Imperial Japanese troops against the residents of Nanjing (Nanking), then the capital of China, during the Second Sino-Japanese War, 1937.\n\n[Nanjing Massacre - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre?wprov=sfla1)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Much like with the Nazis, the Empire of Japan had embraced an ideology of racial supremacy. To them, their victims weren't even human. There are sociopaths out there who aren't bound by any concept morality but when you are able to get a mass of regular people to embrace atrocity? That's truly nightmarish - and disturbing enough, it really doesn't take much. It didn't take long for Japan or Germany and many others throughout history to turn their fighting population into sadistic murderers. \n\n\nDehumanization really is the key. The average person thinks killing other humans is evil in the majority of cases. They \\*need\\* to believe that the victim was not truly human - nobody sees themselves as the villain, they need to believe it was righteous or justified or even an act of \"defense\" just to sleep soundly. For those who had trouble embracing it, at least in Nazi Germany, drug use was heavily encouraged to just numb them to the killing. It wouldn't surprise me if Japan did similar."}, {"role": "user", "content": " North Korean guards of the secret political death camps are taught the same thing. The prisoners arent human. We know because one of them defected. They murder, rape, torture. I doubt NK would allow for drugs as a coping mechanism. They do it out of fear, its their duty. These sobs are the same as Japan and Nazis. They slept *fine* without drugs. African war criminals do it without a second thought.", "name": "Brody"}]

h786ta

t5_2qh3b

blue_strat

ftrggrj

[{"role": "system", "content": "This is a list of countries by distribution of wealth, including Gini coefficients. Wealth distribution can vary greatly from income distribution in a country (see List of countries by income equality).\nHigher Gini coefficients signify greater wealth inequality, with 0 being complete equality, whereas a value near 1 can arise if everybody has zero wealth except a very small minority.\nCountries that have high-quality wealth taxes and honest reporting from financial institutions, such as the Netherlands and Norway, tend to have more reliable wealth inequality statistics."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# From 2008 to 2018 the distribution of wealth in the 20 largest economies became more unequal, except in France and Switzerland. The U.S. went from 5th-most unequal to 11th-most unequal in the world, as invasions and military coups made countries such as Ukraine and Egypt more unequal.\n\n[List of sovereign states by wealth inequality - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_wealth_equality)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "[deleted]"}, {"role": "user", "content": "How does this make sense as the US contain a lot more billionaire than these countries", "name": "Jared"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Averages are interesting. \n\n The US has the 3rd largest population in the world, several times the population of England or France. So if we have 7 times the population in the US and 7 times the billionaires, the averages are the same. \n\nNow the US has most of the richest billionaires which will also skew the average. I don't know what type of average they used but...", "name": "Bailey"}]

prbqys

t5_2qh3b

thoughtstop

hdjng95

[{"role": "system", "content": "Ilona Staller (born 26 November 1951), known by her stage name Cicciolina, is a Hungarian-Italian former porn star, politician, and singer.\nStaller gained fame in the early 1970s through her radio show Voulez-vous coucher avec moi? and became widely recognized by her stage name Cicciolina. She appeared in numerous films and gained notoriety for being the first to bare her breasts on live Italian television in 1978. Staller ventured into politics and was elected to the Italian parliament in 1987, campaigning on a libertarian platform. Throughout her career, she made provocative offers, such as offering to have sex with Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden in exchange for peace. Staller also had a brief marriage to American artist Jeff Koons, with whom she had a son. Despite her controversial career, she has left a lasting impact on popular culture and continues to be remembered for her contributions in the entertainment industry."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Ilona Staller is a Hungarian-Italian former porn star, politician, and singer, elected to the Italian parliament in 1987. While in office, and before the outset of the Gulf War, she offered to have sex with Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein in return for peace in the region.\n\n[Ilona Staller - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilona_Staller?wprov=sfla1)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Made the same offer to Bin Laden too. She has an innovative approach to geopolitics for sure.", "name": "Jayden"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Same with Kim Jong Un. A real one-trick pony", "name": "Mackenzie"}]

idskzl

t5_2umfr

kunegis

g2bw18b

[{"role": "system", "content": "The Cadaver Synod (also called the Cadaver Trial; Latin: Synodus Horrenda) is the name commonly given to the ecclesiastical trial of Pope Formosus, who had been dead for about seven months, in the Basilica of St. John Lateran in Rome during January 897. The trial was conducted by Pope Stephen VI, the successor to Formosus' successor, Pope Boniface VI. Stephen had Formosus' corpse exhumed and brought to the papal court for judgment. He accused Formosus of perjury, of having acceded to the papacy illegally, and illegally presiding over more than one diocese at the same time. At the end of the trial, Formosus was pronounced guilty, and his papacy retroactively declared null."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# In 897, Pope Stephen VI had the corpse of Pope Formosus disinterred and put on trial during the Cadaver Synod, also known as the Cadaver Trial. Found guilty, the corpse had three of its fingers cut and was later thrown into the Tiber.\n\n[Cadaver Synod - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadaver_Synod)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "The article says Pope Stephen was overthrown after this because of the macabre spectacle. I guess it was too weird even for the people of the 9th century.", "name": "Sergio"}, {"role": "user", "content": "You know its bad when people of the 9th century find it macabre.", "name": "Sadie"}]

bzdpb0

t5_2umfr

papa_tam

eqsl7sj

[{"role": "system", "content": "Candace Elizabeth Newmaker (born Candace Tiara Elmore, November 19, 1989 – April 19, 2000) was a child who was killed during a 70-minute attachment therapy session performed by four unlicensed therapists, purported to treat reactive attachment disorder. The treatment, during which Newmaker was suffocated, included a rebirthing script. She was wrapped in flannel to represent a womb and told to free herself while four adults used their hands and feet to push down on Candace's small body, making it impossible for her to move or breathe. This resulted in Candace losing her life, killed in the hands of her caretakers."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Candace Newmaker, a troubled orphan who died during an experimental type of therapy called \"Attachment therapy\".\n\n[Candace Newmaker - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candace_Newmaker)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Ive read about the ludicrous treatments used in attachment therapy, but never had the stomach to read of this particular case until now.\n\nIm angry at how light the sentences were for the people who murdered that child. It was a slow, torturous death. That poor girl.", "name": "Angelica"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Worse yet, any good psychologist or medical professional would be able to tell these idiots that 5 adults physically crushing a child while ridiculing her struggle to live is going to be intensely psychologically damaging. Why would she bond with anyone in that room after that sort of thing? Who would think that a child needs to be \"reborn\" via trauma?", "name": "Maria"}]

lzckkc

t5_2umfr

RobertLaneShmurdaIII

gq1qi4c

[{"role": "system", "content": "Giuseppina Pasqualino di Marineo (9 December 1974 – 31 March 2008), known as Pippa Bacca, was an Italian performance and feminist artist.\nOn 31 March 2008, Pippa Bacca disappeared in Gebze in Turkey during an international hitchhiking trip to promote world peace under the motto, \"marriage between different peoples and nations\". Bacca and fellow artist Silvia Moro were symbolically wearing a wedding dress during their trek. On 11 April 2008 the police arrested a man who later confessed to her murder and led the authorities to the discovery of her body."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# I wanted to post grisly companion article to the hitchBOT post... Pippa Becca was an Italian artist hitchhiking all over the world in a wedding dress to promote peace. She was raped and murdered in Turkey.\n\n[Pippa Bacca - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pippa_Bacca)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "As someone who spent significant time in that region, this person made a horribly ignorant and culturally tone deaf choice that she paid for with her life. I did something similar in my early twenties and the only difference was he didnt kill me after, if I had been listening to my instincts and faced reality it would never have happened to me. If you want to hit hike as a single woman choose your destination wisely, or dont go at all.", "name": "Rachel"}, {"role": "user", "content": "People are downvoting you probably out of some vague sense of dont victim blame, or hope, or people shouldnt kill others.. yeah, we all get that.\n\nBut you wouldnt need to do an artistic trek promoting peace in the world if a LOT of people did not subscribe to peace and harmony.\n\nTo go hitch-hike, as a woman (but anyone really), without a partner into a country not known for its kindness towards women, in a western style wedding dress.. is without debate putting your life at increased risk.", "name": "Sydney"}]

pkio48

t5_2qh3b

bwburke94

hc4qvcl

[{"role": "system", "content": "Cruz is a surname of Iberian origin, first found in Castile, Spain, but later spread throughout the territories of the former Spanish and Portuguese Empires. In Spanish and Portuguese, the word means \"cross\", either the Christian cross or the figure of transecting lines or ways. For example, in the Philippines, the adopted Tagalog word is rendered to \"krus\" in plain usage, but the Spanish spelling survives as a surname.\nThe word \"Cruz\" (Spanish for \"Cross\"), as well as \"Vera Cruz\" (\"True Cross\") and \"Santa Cruz\" (\"Holy Cross\") are used as surnames and toponyms. Its origin as a surname particularly flourished after the Alhambra Decree of 1492 and the increasing activities of the Spanish Inquisition, when New Christian families with Crypto-Jewish, Moorish, and/or mixed religious heritage converted to the state-enforced religion of Catholicism and subsequently fashioned and adopted surnames with unambiguous religious affiliation."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Cruz, born in 1970, could not have committed these murders, which began before his birth.\n\n[Ted Cruz–Zodiac Killer meme - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz%E2%80%93Zodiac_Killer_meme)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "What if he faked his birth certificste every 70-80 years or so and is just a vampire?", "name": "Jorge"}, {"role": "user", "content": "He would need to fake ever 40-50 years at most, as he's perpetually an adult.", "name": "Braden"}]

cknrry

t5_2qh3b

Tokyono

evp8fu6

[{"role": "system", "content": "Theodore Robert Bundy (né Cowell; November 24, 1946 – January 24, 1989) was an American serial killer who kidnapped, raped and murdered dozens of young women and girls during the 1970s and possibly earlier. After more than a decade of denials, he confessed to 30 murders committed in seven states between 1974 and 1978. His true victim total is unknown.Bundy often employed charm to disguise his murderous intent when kidnapping victims, and with law enforcement, the media and the criminal justice system to maintain his claims of innocence. His usual technique involved approaching a female in public and luring her to a vehicle parked in a more secluded area, at which point he would beat her unconscious, restrain her with handcuffs and take her elsewhere to be sexually assaulted and killed.\nBundy typically simulated having a physical impairment such as an injury to convince his target that he was in need of assistance, or would dupe her into believing he was an authority figure. He frequently revisited the bodies of those he abducted, grooming and performing sex acts on the corpses until decomposition and destruction by wild animals made further interactions impossible. He decapitated at least 12 of his victims, keeping their severed heads as mementos in his apartment. On a few occasions, he broke into homes at night and bludgeoned, maimed, strangled and/or sexually assaulted his victims in their sleep.\nIn 1975, Bundy was arrested and jailed in Utah for aggravated kidnapping and attempted criminal assault. He then became a suspect in a progressively longer list of unsolved homicides in several states. Facing murder charges in Colorado, Bundy engineered two dramatic escapes and committed further assaults in Florida, including three murders, before being recaptured in 1978. For the Florida homicides, he received three death sentences in two trials, and was executed in the electric chair at Florida State Prison in Raiford on January 24, 1989.\nBiographer Ann Rule characterized him as \"a sadistic sociopath who took pleasure from another human's pain and the control he had over his victims, to the point of death and even after.\" Bundy once described himself as \"the most cold-hearted son of a bitch you'll ever meet\", a statement with which attorney Polly Nelson, a member of his last defense team, agreed. \"Ted\", she wrote, \"was the very definition of heartless evil.\""}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Ted Bundy took advantage of an obscure Florida law in court- that a marriage declaration in court, in front of a presiding judge, counted as a legal marriage. As he was questioning his girlfriend Carol Ann Boone, he asked her to marry him, and announced they were married when she accepted.\n\n[Ted Bundy - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Bundy#Florida_trials,_marriage)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "[deleted]"}, {"role": "user", "content": "They had a kid together, but otherwise no effect on the trial.", "name": "Mark"}]

17tb1kq

t5_2qh3b

loggiews

k8w7bbg

[{"role": "system", "content": "Islam (; Arabic: ٱلْإِسْلَام‎, romanized: al-Islām, lit. 'submission [to the will of God]') is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number approximately 1.9 billion worldwide and are the world's second-largest religious population after Christians.Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed many times through earlier prophets and messengers, including Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus. Muslims consider the Quran to be the verbatim word of God and the unaltered, final revelation. Alongside the Quran, Muslims also believe in previous revelations, such as the Tawrat (the Torah), the Zabur (Psalms), and the Injil (Gospel). They believe that Muhammad is the main and final Islamic prophet, through whom the religion was completed. The teachings and normative examples of Muhammad, called the sunnah, documented in accounts called the hadith, provide a constitutional model for Muslims. Islam emphasizes that God is one and incomparable. It states that there will be a \"Final Judgment\" wherein the righteous will be rewarded in paradise (jannah) and the unrighteous will be punished in hell (jahannam). The Five Pillars—considered obligatory acts of worship—comprise the Islamic oath and creed (shahada); daily prayers (salah); almsgiving (zakat); fasting (sawm) in the month of Ramadan; and a pilgrimage (hajj) to Mecca. Islamic law, sharia, touches on virtually every aspect of life, from banking and finance and welfare to men's and women's roles and the environment. The two main religious festivals are Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. The three holiest sites in Islam are Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Prophet's Mosque in Medina, and al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem.\nThe religion of Islam originated in Mecca in 610 CE. Muslims believe this is when Muhammad received his first revelation. By the time of his death, most of the Arabian Peninsula had converted to Islam. Muslim rule expanded outside Arabia under the Rashidun Caliphate and the subsequent Umayyad Caliphate ruled from the Iberian Peninsula to the Indus Valley. In the Islamic Golden Age, specifically during the reign of the Abbasid Caliphate, much of the Muslim world experienced a scientific, economic and cultural flourishing. The expansion of the Muslim world involved various states and caliphates as well as extensive trade and religious conversion as a result of Islamic missionary activities (dawah), and through conquests and colonialism.\nThe two main Islamic branches are Sunni Islam (85–90%) and Shia Islam (10–15%). While the Shia–Sunni divide initially arose from disagreements over the succession to Muhammad, they grew to cover a broader dimension, both theologically and juridically. Muslims make up a majority of the population in 49 countries. Approximately 12% of the world's Muslims live in Indonesia, the most populous Muslim-majority country; 31% live in South Asia; 20% live in the Middle East–North Africa; and 15% live in sub-Saharan Africa. Muslim communities are also present in the Americas, China, and Europe. Largely due to having a high proportion of young people, and a high fertility rate, Muslims are the world's fastest-growing major religious group.\n\nIn Islam, a houri (English plural houris, ; from Arabic: حُـورِيَّـة ,حُورِيّ, romanized: ḥūriyy, ḥūrīya), is a woman with beautiful eyes who is described as a reward for the faithful Muslim men in paradise. The term is used four times in the Quran, where the houris are mentioned indirectly several other times, (sometimes as azwāj, lit. companions), and hadith provide a \"great deal of later elaboration\". Houris have been said to have \"captured the imagination of Muslims and non-Muslims alike\".\nMuslim scholars differ as to whether they refer to the believing women of this world or a separate creation, with the majority opting for the latter."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# In Islam, houris are women with beautiful eyes who are described as a reward for the faithful Muslim men in paradise.\n\n[Houri - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houri)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Do the women get men with beautiful eyes as a reward in this religion or is it only the men who are so lucky?", "name": "Stephanie"}, {"role": "user", "content": "i was raised muslim, and i was always told that women would get an special equivalent surprise that allah didnt bother mentioning in his scriptures. but the things i know we do get are:\n\n1) rivers made out of alcohol\n2) the ability to not feel jealous as we watch our husbands screw up to 72 houris (though the exact number each man gets has been a very controversial issue)\n\nanother fun fact i know is that i remember scripture calling houris having the whitest of skins, so white you can see the marrow or the bones. i dont really know how anyone could\nfind that erotic\n\nbut the whole concept of houris has made me believe that mohammed just made everything up, in order to persuade men from neighbouring tribes to join forces and help him pillage other people. after all, he is the founder of a religion that promises unlimited sex and alcohol to men who help him fight in battles, what 7th century man could resist that?", "name": "Kylee"}]

zmuw2m

t5_7811nr

slinkslowdown

j0d8gyw

[{"role": "system", "content": "Jamaica ( ; Jamaican Patois: Jumieka, [dʒʌˈmi̯eka]) is an island country in the Caribbean Sea and the West Indies. At 10,990 square kilometres (4,240 sq mi), it is the third largest island—after Cuba and Hispaniola—of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean. Jamaica lies about 145 km (90 mi) south of Cuba, 191 km (119 mi) west of Hispaniola (the island containing Haiti and the Dominican Republic), and 215 km (134 mi) south-east of the Cayman Islands (a British protectorate).First inhabited by the indigenous Taíno peoples, the island came under Spanish rule after the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1494. Many of the indigenous people either were killed or died of diseases, after which the Spanish brought large numbers of Africans to Jamaica as slaves. The island remained a possession of Spain, under the name Santiago, until 1655, when England (part of what would become the Kingdom of Great Britain) conquered it and named it Jamaica. It became an important part of the colonial British West Indies. Under Britain's colonial rule, Jamaica became a leading sugar exporter, with a plantation economy dependent on continued importation of African slaves and their descendants. The British fully emancipated all slaves in 1838, and many freedmen chose to have subsistence farms rather than to work on plantations. Beginning in the 1840s, the British began using Chinese and Indian indentured labourers for plantation work. Jamaicans achieved independence from the United Kingdom on 6 August 1962.With 2.8 million people, Jamaica is the third most populous Anglophone country in the Americas (after the United States and Canada), and the fourth most populous country in the Caribbean. Kingston is the country's capital and largest city. Most Jamaicans are of Sub-Saharan African ancestry, with significant European, East Asian (primarily Chinese), Indian, Lebanese, and mixed-race minorities. Because of a high rate of emigration for work since the 1960s, there is a large Jamaican diaspora, particularly in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The country has a global influence that belies its small size; it was the birthplace of the Rastafari religion, reggae music (and such associated genres as dub, ska and dancehall), and it is internationally prominent in sports, including cricket, sprinting, and athletics. Jamaica has sometimes been considered the world's least populous cultural superpower.Jamaica is an upper-middle-income country with an economy heavily dependent on tourism; it has an average of 4.3 million tourists a year. The country performs favourably in measures of press freedom, democratic governance and sustainable well-being. Jamaica is a parliamentary constitutional monarchy with power vested in the bicameral Parliament of Jamaica, consisting of an appointed Senate and a directly elected House of Representatives. Andrew Holness has served as Prime Minister of Jamaica since March 2016. As a Commonwealth realm, with Charles III as its king, the appointed representative of the Crown is the Governor-General of Jamaica, an office held by Patrick Allen since 2009.\n\nDaggering is a form of dance originating from Jamaica. The dance incorporates the male dancer ramming his crotch area into the female dancer's buttocks, and other forms of frantic movement. Daggering is not a traditional dance; it is of recent origin, associated with the 2006 wave of dancehall music."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Daggering: A form of dance originating from Jamaica. The dance incorporates the male dancer ramming his crotch area into the female dancer's buttocks, and other forms of frantic movement.\n\n[Daggering - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daggering)"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": ">Jamaican doctors have also warned of the dangers of daggering, after having many cases of damaged penis tissue. The condition can result in permanent damage, and therefore must be taken seriously. Jamaican doctors assert that those trying to replicate the powerful moves of daggering in the bedroom can end up with dramatic injuries. In 2009, they stated that the incidence of broken penises has increased in the past year"}]

1bbcd27

t5_2qh3b

Whatever__Dude_

ku8aheo

[{"role": "system", "content": "Emil Maurice (German pronunciation: [ˈeːmiːl moˈʁiːs]; 19 January 1897 – 6 February 1972) was an early member of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazi Party) and a founding member of the Schutzstaffel (SS). He was Hitler's first personal chauffeur, and was one of the few persons of mixed Jewish and ethnic German ancestry to serve in the SS, being declared an honorary Aryan by Adolf Hitler in 1935."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Emil Maurice - Hitler's personal chauffeur and close confidant, was Jewish. He participated in the Beer Hall Putsch, was the head of the SA between 1920-21, and was SS member #2, which credited him as a founder of the SS. He was declared an honorary Aryan in 1935 by Hitler.\n\n[Emil Maurice - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Maurice)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "He was 1/8 Jewish, pretty important detail", "name": "Jeremiah"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "That was Jewish enough for Himmler to try and have him expelled from the SS, which Hitler prevented by declaring him an honorary Aryan.\n\nAnd FWIW, there were other people that had as much as 1/2 Jewish blood, that held powerful positions in Germany at the time, such as [Erhard Milch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erhard_Milch) and [Helmuth Wilberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmuth_Wilberg)."}]

lk4if5

t5_2qh3b

lovinnow

gnirw6q

[{"role": "system", "content": "Perseverance, nicknamed Percy, is a car-sized Mars rover designed to explore the Jezero crater on Mars as part of NASA's Mars 2020 mission. It was manufactured by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and launched on July 30, 2020, at 11:50 UTC. Confirmation that the rover successfully landed on Mars was received on February 18, 2021, at 20:55 UTC. As of 19 March 2024, Perseverance has been active on Mars for 1095 sols (1,125 Earth days, or 3 years, 1 month and 1 day) since its landing. Following the rover's arrival, NASA named the landing site Octavia E. Butler Landing.Perseverance has a similar design to its predecessor rover, Curiosity, although it was moderately upgraded. It carries seven primary payload instruments, nineteen cameras, and two microphones.The rover also carried the mini-helicopter Ingenuity to Mars, an experimental technology testbed that made the first powered aircraft flight on another planet on April 19, 2021. On January 18, 2024 (UTC), it made its 72nd and final flight, suffering damage on landing to its rotor blades, possibly all four, causing NASA to retire it.The rover's goals include identifying ancient Martian environments capable of supporting life, seeking out evidence of former microbial life existing in those environments, collecting rock and soil samples to store on the Martian surface, and testing oxygen production from the Martian atmosphere to prepare for future crewed missions."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Perseverance is a car-sized Mars rover that is scheduled to land on Mars on 18 February 2021, 3 p.m EST/8 p.m UTC. The rover is carrying the helicopter Ingenuity, which is an experimental aircraft meant to establish if flight is feasible in the Martian atmosphere.\n\n[Perseverance (rover) - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perseverance_(rover))"}, {"role": "user", "content": "If i remember correctly it also carries a solid gold radiator", "name": "Brandon"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I wonder if theres any methheads on Mars? Guess well find out the first morning", "name": "Zoe"}]

191m8bh

t5_2qh3b

Kurma-the-Turtle

kgx2pov

[{"role": "system", "content": "Joyce Carol Vincent (19 October 1965 – December 2003) was an English woman whose death went unnoticed for more than two years as her corpse lay undiscovered at her bedsit in north London. Prior to her death, she had cut off nearly all contact with those who knew her. She resigned from her job in 2001, and moved into a shelter for victims of domestic abuse. Around the same time, she began to reduce contact with friends and family. She died sometime in December 2003. Her remains were discovered on 25 January 2006, with the cause of death believed to be either an asthma attack or complications from a recent peptic ulcer.\nVincent's life and death were the topic of Dreams of a Life, a 2011 docudrama film. The film and Vincent's life inspired musician Steven Wilson's album Hand. Cannot. Erase."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Joyce Carol Vincent was an English woman whose death went unnoticed for more than two years as her corpse lay undiscovered at her bedsit in north London. Prior to her death, she had cut off nearly all contact with those who knew her.\n\n[Joyce Vincent - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joyce_Carol_Vincent)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Plenty of us people who would only be noticed by creditors if we died. I'm not even that old but the only people that call me are my boss (when I have one) and my spouse (when I have one).", "name": "Natalia"}, {"role": "user", "content": "If you put your bills on autopay, even your creditors won't notice right away.", "name": "Thomas"}]

10dhu1x

t5_7811nr

slinkslowdown

j4psfz0

[{"role": "system", "content": "Nyotaimori (女体盛り, \"serve (foods) on the female body\"), often referred to as \"body sushi\", is the Japanese practice of serving sashimi or sushi from the naked body of a woman. The less common male variant is called nantaimori (男体盛り)"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Nyotaimori is the Japanese practice of serving sashimi or sushi from the naked body of a woman. Nantaimori is the male equivalent.[\n\n[Nyotaimori - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyotaimori)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Theres a movie centered around this idea. Big surprise its called Sushi Girl. Mark Hamill plays the best character in the movie.", "name": "Nathan"}]

11782we

t5_2qh3b

fourthords

j9bblgw

[{"role": "system", "content": "Monica Elfriede Witt (born (1979-04-08)8 April 1979) is a former United States Air Force technical sergeant and defense contractor who defected to Iran in 2013. She is a fugitive from a United States Department of Justice indictment for espionage against the United States since 2018.\nBorn in Texas, Witt enlisted in the US Air Force in 1997 as a linguist and studied the Persian language at the Defense Language Institute before becoming an Airborne Cryptologic Language Analyst. She was then assigned to the Air Force Office of Special Investigations as an enlisted counterintelligence special agent until separating from the Air Force in 2008. She continued working in intelligence as a military contractor until 2010.\nAfter her 2012 conversion to Islam in Iran, Witt became increasingly focused on the religion and the region. Her master's degree capstone presentation lauded them both, and she was soon affiliated with Marzieh Hashemi, a suspected Iranian intelligence operative. With Hashemi's assistance, Witt defected to Iran in 2013 and provided the Islamic republic with assistance and intelligence stemming from her work for and with the US government."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Monica Elfriede Witt (born 8 April 1979) is a former United States Air Force technical sergeant and defense contractor who defected to Iran in 2013. She is a fugitive from a United States Department of Justice indictment for espionage against the United States since 2018.\n\n[Monica Witt - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monica_Witt)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Why do they just have a photo of a mug for her Wikipedia page?", "name": "Gage"}, {"role": "user", "content": "It's a mugshot of course", "name": "Zoe"}]

dfidxw

t5_2qh3b

Tokyono

f34q85r

[{"role": "system", "content": "Different from the Others (German: Anders als die Andern) is a silent German melodramatic film produced during the Weimar Republic. It was first released in 1919 and stars Conrad Veidt and Reinhold Schünzel. The story was co-written by Richard Oswald and Magnus Hirschfeld, who also had a small part in the film and partially funded the production through his Institute for Sexual Science. The film was intended as a polemic against the then-current laws under Germany's Paragraph 175, which made homosexuality a criminal offense. It was one of the first sympathetic portrayals of gay men in cinema.Censorship laws were enacted in reaction to films like Anders als die Andern and by October 1920 only doctors and medical researchers could view it. Prints of the film were among the many \"decadent\" works burned by the Nazis after they came to power in 1933.\nThe cinematography was by Max Fassbender, who two years previously had worked on Das Bildnis des Dorian Gray, one of the earliest cinematic treatments of Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray. Director Richard Oswald later became a director of more mainstream films, as did his son Gerd. Veidt became a major film star the year after Anders was released, in The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari.\nThe film's basic plot was used again in the 1961 UK film Victim, starring Dirk Bogarde."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# The first pro-gay film in the world was a 1919 German film called Different from the Others. It was created as a protest against German laws that criminalised homosexuality. The Nazis destroyed most prints of the film, and only one known copy has survived.\n\n[Different from the Others - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Different_from_the_Others#Other_information)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "And the Allies were like, The Nazis are evil, but they were right about gays.", "name": "Veronica"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Allies reprisoned gay people they liberated from the concentration camps", "name": "Sadie"}]

197w5rv

t5_2umfr

No_Guidance000

ki3nbrt

[{"role": "system", "content": "African Americans, also known as Afro-Americans or Black Americans, are an ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from any of the Black racial groups of Africa. African Americans constitute the third largest racial or ethnic group in the U.S. after White Americans and Hispanic and Latino Americans. The term \"African American\" generally denotes descendants of Africans enslaved in the United States.Most African Americans are descendants of enslaved people within the boundaries of the present United States. While some Black immigrants or their children may also come to identify as African American, the majority of first-generation immigrants do not, preferring to identify with their nation of origin. Most African Americans are of West African and coastal Central African ancestry, with varying amounts of Western European and Native American ancestry.African-American history began in the 16th century, with Africans from West Africa and coastal Central Africa being sold to European slave traders and transported across the Atlantic to the Western Hemisphere. After arriving in the Americas, they were sold as slaves to European colonists and put to work on plantations, particularly in the southern colonies. A few were able to achieve freedom through manumission or escape and founded independent communities before and during the American Revolution. After the United States was founded in 1783, most Black people continued to be enslaved, being most concentrated in the American South, with four million enslaved only liberated during and at the end of the Civil War in 1865. During Reconstruction, they gained citizenship and adult-males the right to vote; due to the widespread policy and ideology of White supremacy, they were largely treated as second-class citizens and found themselves soon disenfranchised in the South. These circumstances changed due to participation in the military conflicts of the United States, substantial migration out of the South, the elimination of legal racial segregation, and the civil rights movement which sought political and social freedom. However, racism against African Americans remains a problem into the 21st century. In 2008, Barack Obama became the first, and so far only African American to be elected president of the United States.African-American culture has had a significant influence on worldwide culture, making numerous contributions to visual arts, literature, the English language, philosophy, politics, cuisine, sports, and music. The African-American contributions to popular music is so profound that most American music, including jazz, gospel, blues, rock and roll, funk, disco, hip hop, R&B and soul, has its origins either partially or entirely in the African-American community.\n\nEbb Cade (17 March 1890 – 13 April 1953) was a construction worker at Clinton Engineer Works at Oak Ridge and was the first person subjected to injection with plutonium as an experiment.\nEbb Cade was born on 17 March 1890 in Macon County, Georgia, the son of Evens and Carrie Cade. Ebb Cade was married to Ida Cade. At the age of 63, Cade died as a result of ventricular fibrillation followed by heart failure on 13 April 1953 in Greensboro, Guilford County, North Carolina."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Ebb Cade was an African-American man who was injected plutonium without his knowledge as part of an experiment.\n\n[Ebb Cade - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebb_Cade)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Its crazy how this sort of thing has been forgotten so quickly.", "name": "Andres"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "It wasn't forgotten, it was purposefully swept under the rug."}]

jz579i

t5_2umfr

mushroomsarefriends

gdcb842

[{"role": "system", "content": "Thiess of Kaltenbrun, also spelled Thies, and commonly referred to as the Livonian werewolf, was a Livonian man who was put on trial for heresy in Jürgensburg, Swedish Livonia, in 1692.\nAt the time in his eighties, Thiess openly proclaimed himself to be a werewolf (wahrwolff), claiming that he ventured into Hell with other werewolves in order to do battle with the Devil and his witches. Although claiming that as a werewolf he was a \"hound of God\", the judges deemed him guilty of trying to turn people away from Christianity, and he was sentenced to be both flogged and banished for life.\nAccording to Thiess' account, he and the other werewolves transformed on three nights a year, and then traveled down to Hell. Once there, they fought with the Devil and his witches in order to rescue the grain and livestock which the witches had stolen from the Earth.\nVarious historians have turned their attention towards the case of Thiess, interpreting his werewolf beliefs in a variety of different ways. In his book The Night Battles (1966), the Italian historian Carlo Ginzburg compared Thiess' practices to those of the benandanti of northeastern Italy, and argued that they represented a survival of pre-Christian shamanic beliefs. Ginzburg's ideas were later critiqued by the Dutch historian Willem de Blécourt."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Thiess of Kaltenbrun, was a Livonian man who was put on trial for heresy in Jrgensburg, Swedish Livonia, in 1692. Thiess openly proclaimed himself to be a werewolf (wahrwolff), claiming that he ventured into Hell with other werewolves in order to do battle with the Devil and his witches.\n\n[Thiess of Kaltenbrun - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiess_of_Kaltenbrun)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "He had the power of god and anime on his side.", "name": "Caden"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I swear there is an actual anime with this plot. Maybe not werewolf, but definitely some kinda transforming power involved, with a male protag too..... can't remember what's it called though", "name": "Jeffrey"}]

huhhv1

t5_2qh3b

nobelprizeinmedicine

fynxaw2

[{"role": "system", "content": "David Lawrence Schwimmer (born November 2, 1966) is an American actor, director, comedian, and producer. He gained worldwide recognition for portraying Ross Geller in the sitcom Friends, for which he received a Screen Actors Guild Award and a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series in 1995. While still acting in Friends, his first leading film role was in The Pallbearer (1996), followed by roles in Kissing a Fool; Six Days, Seven Nights; Apt Pupil (all 1998); and Picking Up the Pieces (2000). He was then cast in the miniseries Band of Brothers (2001) as Herbert Sobel.\nSchwimmer began his acting career performing in school plays at Beverly Hills High School. In 1988, he graduated from Northwestern University with a Bachelor of Arts in theater and speech. After graduation, Schwimmer co-founded the Lookingglass Theatre Company. For much of the late 1980s, he lived in Los Angeles as a struggling, unemployed actor, until he starred in the television movie A Deadly Silence in 1989 and appeared in a number of television roles in the early 1990s, including L.A. Law, The Wonder Years, NYPD Blue, and Monty.\nAfter the series finale of Friends in 2004, Schwimmer branched out into film and stage work. He was cast as the title character in the 2005 drama film Duane Hopwood, and voiced Melman the Giraffe in the animated Madagascar film franchise, acted in the dark comedy Big Nothing (2006), and the thriller Nothing but the Truth (2008). Schwimmer made his West End stage debut in the leading role in 2005's Some Girl(s). He made his Broadway debut in The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial in 2006. His feature film directorial debut followed in 2007 with the comedy Run Fatboy Run, and the following year he made his Off-Broadway directorial debut in Fault Lines.\nHe has also worked as a director, including many episodes of Friends during his time on the series.In 2016, Schwimmer starred as lawyer Robert Kardashian in The People v. O. J. Simpson, for which he received his second Primetime Emmy Award nomination, this time for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or Movie."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# David Schwimmer is an American banker who is the current CEO of the London Stock Exchange. He earned degrees from Yale, Tufts, Harvard and worked for Goldman Sachs from 1998 to 2017. His appointment to the LSE in 2018 led to some surprise and humor due to confusion with the actor of Friends.\n\n[David Schwimmer (banker) - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Schwimmer_(banker)?wprov=sfti1)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "There's no more information on the Wikipedia page except links to two newspapers. Apparently, the so-called \"confusion\" was limited to Twitter users making fun of the situation, so it shouldn't even be on the Wiki page imo...", "name": "Cassandra"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Plus, anything confused with Friends will not contain any actual humor.", "name": "Ashton"}]

q14d3x

t5_2umfr

greatgildersleeve

hffupeu

[{"role": "system", "content": "Lowell Lee Andrews (September 21, 1940 – November 30, 1962) was a University of Kansas sophomore convicted of the murders of his parents and his sister on November 28, 1958, a crime for which he was later executed."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Lowell Lee Andrews, described as 'The nicest boy in Wolcott\", murdered his father, mother and sister on November 28th 1958, after long harboring fantasies about becoming a contract killer.\n\n[Lowell Lee Andrews - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowell_Lee_Andrews)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I just finished reading In Cold Blood; he had a cell next to Hickok, it seems Andy wrote poetry and smoked cigars before he was executed. This kid was as cold blooded as it gets!", "name": "Bryce"}, {"role": "user", "content": "My man hung pictures of food up in his cell. Gastronomic porn!", "name": "Ayden"}]

sbogoz

t5_2qh3b

First_Level_Ranger

hu1cozm

[{"role": "system", "content": "H. Ty Warner (born September 3, 1944) is an American billionaire toy manufacturer, businessman, and convicted felon. He is the CEO, sole owner and co-founder of Ty Inc. which manufactures and distributes stuffed toys, including Beanie Babies and other lines. He is also the owner of Four Seasons Hotel New York, which he bought with profits earned selling Beanie Babies during a fad in the late 1990s. In 2020, he was No. 359 on the Forbes 400 list of the richest people in America, with a net worth of US$2.3 billion."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# H. Ty Warner is an American billionaire. He is the sole owner of Ty Inc., which manufactures Beanie Babies. In 2014, he was sentenced to two years of probation for tax evasion, in spite of the prosecution's recommendation for jail time of one year, after hiding $107 million in an offshore account.\n\n[Ty Warner - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ty_Warner)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "$107 million in unpaid taxes? Slap on the wrist.", "name": "Erick"}, {"role": "user", "content": "> Warner had tried to take advantage of the **IRS tax amnesty that was offered** in the wake of the UBS 200810 tax scandal, but the government refused to accept him. His lawyers, including former IRS Deputy Commissioner Mark M. Matthews who is now a Member of Caplin & Drysdale, successfully used the \"Olenicoff Defense\" to convince the judge that Warner did not deserve the year-and-one-day prison sentence recommended by prosecutors. The defense was based on the government's treatment of Igor Olenicoff, a California real estate tycoon. The lawyers cited Olenicoff for getting off without a jail sentence when he was sentenced for tax evasion via offshore accounts.[20]\n\nThe articled doesnt say, but it sounds like there was an amnesty program in place to convince people to come forward, which may have played a role in this seemingly lax outcome.", "name": "Jenna"}]