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[{"role": "system", "content": "BlueLeaks, sometimes referred to by the Twitter hashtag #BlueLeaks, refers to 269.21 gibibytes of internal U.S. law enforcement data obtained by the hacker collective Anonymous and released on June 19, 2020, by the activist group Distributed Denial of Secrets, which called it the \"largest published hack of American law enforcement agencies\".The data — internal intelligence, bulletins, emails, and reports — was produced between August 1996 and June 2020 by more than 200 law enforcement agencies, which provided it to fusion centers. It was obtained through a security breach of Netsential, a web developer that works with fusion centers and law enforcement.\nThe leaks were released at hunter.ddosecrets.com and announced on the @DDoSecrets Twitter account. The account was banned shortly after for \"dissemination of hacked materials\" and \"information that could have put individuals at risk of real-world harm.\" Wired reported that Distributed Denial of Secrets attempted to remove sensitive information from the data before publication. National Fusion Center Association (NFCA) officials confirmed the authenticity of the data, according to documents obtained by security journalist Brian Krebs; the organization warned its members that hackers may use the leaked information to target them.\n\nDistributed Denial of Secrets, abbreviated DDoSecrets, is a non-profit whistleblower site founded in 2018 for news leaks. The site is a frequent source for other news outlets and has worked on investigations including Cyprus Confidential with other media organisations. In December 2023, the organisation said it had published over 100 million files from 59 countries.Sometimes referred to as a successor to WikiLeaks, it came to international attention for its June 2020 publication of internal police documents, known as BlueLeaks. The group has also published data on Russian oligarchs, fascist groups, shell companies, tax havens and banking in the Cayman Islands, as well as data scraped from Parler in January 2021 and from the February 2021 Gab leak. The group is also known for publishing emails from military officials, City Hall in Chicago and the Washington D.C. Metropolitan Police Department.\nThe site's leaks have resulted in or contributed to multiple government investigations, including the second impeachment of President Donald J. Trump. During the Russo-Ukrainian War, they were considered one of the best public repositories of all the Russian files leaked since the invasion began."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Distributed Denial of Secrets (DDoSecrets) is a whistleblower site founded in 2018 that has released a collection of internal police documents, known as BlueLeaks, and data on Russian oligarchs, fascist groups, shell companies, tax havens, banking in the Caymans and the Parler leak.\n\n[Distributed Denial of Secrets - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_Denial_of_Secrets)"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "When Wikileaks hit the scene years ago, I was really hopeful that it would be a force for good.\n\nThese days, I'm more skeptical:\n\n>[\"A number of documented instances where WikiLeaks' and Russia's interests have lined up through the years raises questions about whether this alignment is purely coincidental, or if a more direct relationship was behind WikiLeaks conduct in 2016.\"](https://www.politifact.com/article/2019/mar/18/wikileaks-russias-useful-idiot-its-agent-influence/)\n\nSo, I'm glad an alternative outlet is emerging. I'm not getting my hopes up again, but I do enjoy seeing massive tax cheats have their shell companies and tax shelters exposed."}, {"role": "user", "content": "Yup. I dont disagree there are shitty people everywhere, but i am skeptical about what we do hear, and most importantly, what we dont. Seems like it often serves the interests of certain entities while abandoning other, often more vulnerable ones.", "name": "Logan"}]

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[{"role": "system", "content": "The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America, between Canada and Mexico. It is a federation of 50 states, a federal capital district (Washington, D.C.), and 326 Indian reservations. Outside the union of states, it asserts sovereignty over five major unincorporated island territories and various uninhabited islands. The country has the world's third-largest land area, largest maritime exclusive economic zone,\nand the third-largest population, exceeding 334 million.Paleo-Indians migrated across the Bering land bridge more than 12,000 years ago. British colonization led to the first settlement of the Thirteen Colonies in Virginia in 1607. Clashes with the British Crown over taxation and political representation sparked the American Revolution, with the Second Continental Congress formally declaring independence on July 4, 1776. Following its victory in the Revolutionary War (1775–1783), the country continued to expand across North America. As more states were admitted, sectional division over slavery led to the secession of the Confederate States of America, which fought the remaining states of the Union during the 1861–1865 American Civil War. With the Union's victory and preservation, slavery was abolished nationally. By 1900, the United States had established itself as a great power, becoming the world's largest economy. After Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, the U.S. entered World War II. The aftermath of the war left the U.S. and the Soviet Union as the world's two superpowers and led to the Cold War, during which both countries engaged in a struggle for ideological dominance and international influence. Following the Soviet Union's collapse and the end of the Cold War in 1991, the U.S. emerged as the world's sole superpower.\nThe U.S. national government is a presidential constitutional republic and liberal democracy with three separate branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. It has a bicameral national legislature composed of the House of Representatives, a lower house based on population; and the Senate, an upper house based on equal representation for each state. Substantial autonomy is given to states and several territories, with a political culture that emphasizes liberty, equality under the law, individualism, and limited government.\nOne of the most developed countries, the United States has the largest economy in the world, accounting for over a quarter of global GDP. It possesses by far the largest amount of wealth of any country and the highest median income per capita of any non-microstate. The U.S. ranks among the world's highest in income, wealth, economic competitiveness, productivity, innovation, human rights, higher education, and its cultural influence has major impact on the world. It is a founding member of the World Bank, IMF, Organization of American States, NATO, Quad, World Health Organization, and a permanent member of the UN Security Council.\n\nA hurricane party is a social event held by people in the coastal United States who live in Hurricane Alley between Maine and Texas and is common in the Southeast. The event is held during a hurricane. Guests are typically allowed to stay with the host for three to five days (weather permitting) and, in return, bring hurricane supplies such as radios, first aid supplies, food, etc. The purported Hurricane Camille Hurricane Party did not occur, but eight people from the apartments died and the entire building was destroyed."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# A hurricane party is a social event held during a hurricane by people in the coastal U.S. who live in Hurricane Alley between Maine and Texas. Guests are typically allowed to stay with the host for 35 days and, in return, bring hurricane supplies such as radios, first aid supplies, food, etc.\n\n[Hurricane party - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_party)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "And alcohol. So. Much. Alcohol."}, {"role": "user", "content": "After going to a half dozen + (Cat 1-4) of these growing up in the south I told my wife and her family about them who are from up north. They were blown away (hehe). Its a crazy experience to be in a hurricane. The power and intensity of it is just wild. Then going out in the eye for a bit and getting ready for the 2nd half. Non stop drinking and bbq and cooking. Never know when the powers coming back on. Then usually good attendees help clean each others yards up. Safety first. Dont be below sea level.", "name": "Adrianna"}]

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[{"role": "system", "content": "James Wright Foley (October 18, 1973 – c. August 19, 2014) was an American journalist and video reporter. While working as a freelance war correspondent during the Syrian Civil War, he was abducted on November 22, 2012, in northwestern Syria. He was murdered by decapitation in August 2014 purportedly as a response to American airstrikes in Iraq, thus becoming the first American citizen killed by the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS).Before becoming a journalist, Foley was an instructor for Teach For America.By spring 2008, in Iraq, he became an embedded journalist with an Indiana National Guard unit, writing a story for In These Times, about condolence payments paid to Iraqis.In 2008, he became an embedded journalist with USAID-funded development projects in Iraq, and in 2011 he wrote for the military newspaper Stars and Stripes in Afghanistan, and GlobalPost in Libya. There, he was captured by Gaddafi loyalist forces and held for 44 days. The next year, Foley was captured in Syria while he was working for Agence France-Presse and GlobalPost."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# James Foley (journalist) was kidnapped and beheaded by ISIS, the execution was videotaped and uploaded to YouTube titled A message to America\n\n[James Foley (journalist) - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Foley_(journalist))"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "They recently named a community center after this guy and I didnt realize who he was when I first saw the name."}, {"role": "user", "content": "I remember this video on liveleak or somethking. After the 10th sec I was pleading silently for that entireordeal to stop...", "name": "Rachel"}]

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[{"role": "system", "content": "Fugate is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:\n\nthe \"Blue Fugates,\" a Kentucky family with hereditary methemoglobinemia\nBoyd C. Fugate (1884–1967), American politician\nCaril Ann Fugate (born 1943), American murderer\nChristine Fugate (born 1964), American documentary filmmaker\nCraig Fugate (born 1959), American government official\nJoe Fugate, American writer and game designer\nKatherine Fugate (born 1965), American film and television writer\nTerry Fugate-Wilcox (born 1944), American artist\nThomas B. Fugate (1899–1980), American businessman\n\nThe Fugates, commonly known as the \"Blue Fugates\" or the \"Blue People of Kentucky\", are an ancestral family living in the hills of Kentucky starting in the 19th century, where they are known for having a genetic trait that led to the blood disorder methemoglobinemia, causing the skin to appear blue."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Due to inbreeding, some members of the Fugate family from Kentucky were carriers of the disease methemoglobinemia which made their skin blue.\n\n[Blue Fugates - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Fugates)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Holy fucking shit, they really are blue.", "name": "Lucy"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Da ba dee da ba die", "name": "Sabrina"}]

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Kurma-the-Turtle

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[{"role": "system", "content": "In popular culture and UFO conspiracy theories, men in black (MIB) are government agents dressed in black suits, who question, interrogate, harass, threaten, allegedly memory-wipe or sometimes even assassinate unidentified flying object (UFO) witnesses to keep them silent about what they have seen. The term is also frequently used to describe mysterious men working for unknown organizations, as well as various branches of government allegedly tasked with protecting secrets or performing other strange activities. \nThe term is generic, as it is used for any unusual, threatening or strangely behaved individual whose appearance on the scene can be linked in some fashion with a UFO sighting. Several alleged encounters with the men in black have been reported by UFO researchers and enthusiasts. The \"MIB\" supposedly appeared throughout different moments in history.\nStories about men in black inspired the science fiction comedy franchise Men in Black, and an album by the Stranglers."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# In popular culture and UFO conspiracy theories, men in black (MIB) are supposed men dressed in black suits who claim to be quasi-government agents who harass or threaten UFO witnesses to keep them quiet about what they have seen. It is sometimes implied that they may be aliens themselves\n\n[Men in black - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men_in_black)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Ummm I thought this was a Will Smith movie?? https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0119654/\n\nUpon further reading, the movie franchise was based on a comic book #TIL \n\nI had no idea the MiB wasn't an original concept until seeing this wiki, thanks for posting!!\n\nEdited for clarification", "name": "Blake"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Why downvote?"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I think people don't like that I thought this was just another Will Smith movie until I saw the wiki. But I'm sure I'm not the only one :shrug:\n\nEdit: Aaaand more downvotes for admitting I didn't know something before reading a wiki posted on the topic. Reddit is weird.", "name": "Abigail"}]

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[{"role": "system", "content": "Free refills occur when a drink's receptacle, usually that of a soft drink, tea or coffee, is allowed to be filled again by its purchaser, free of charge, after they have consumed the drink. Occasionally the glass or cup holding the drink is not reused, and the \"refill\" actually constitutes the acquisition of a second (or more than one) additional entirely new drink(s) for no added charge, usually of the same kind (e.g. the same brand of soft drink) as the original, paid-for drink. Free refills are commonplace in the United States and Canada in traditional restaurants and fast food restaurants, while rarer in airports, cafés, or service stations. Around the world, the availability of free refills is typically scarce, but varies widely depending on the country and the type and specific ownership or chain of each establishment."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# There is little consistency outside North America regarding free drink refills. In France, free refills have actually been outlawed. In Germany, most restaurants charge even to refill water. In Japan, free refills are referred to as \"drink bar\" and often a separate purchase is required for them.\n\n[Free refill - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_refill#Worldwide_availability)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I can understand it for super sugary drinks (Not saying I think it should be banned. If theyre gonna remove it, they need to make the cost of a drink way cheaper than the $2-$3 standard), charging for water is fucking insane though, somehow America is on top of that but not more liberal countries. This is the worst thing Germany has ever done, for sure.", "name": "Javier"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "Yeah, charging for a water refill seems nuts.\n\nBut... I'm pretty sure there's a thing or two Germany's done that's worse."}]

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[{"role": "system", "content": "The Burdizzo is the name brand of a company that makes a castration device which employs a large clamp designed to break the blood vessels leading into the testicles. Once the blood supply to the testicles is lost, testicular necrosis occurs, and the testicles shrink, soften, and eventually deteriorate completely. When the device is used, the operator crushes the spermatic cords one at a time, leaving a space in between in order to prevent an interruption of blood-flow to the scrotum."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Burdizzo is a brand of castration device which employs a large clamp designed to break the blood vessels leading into the testicles. Although intended for livestock, they have also been used by some humans as a means of self-castration.\n\n[Burdizzo - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burdizzo)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "OH GAWD!!!", "name": "Richard"}]

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First_Level_Ranger

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[{"role": "system", "content": "The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion. It was agreed on 16 September 1987, and entered into force on 1 January 1989. Since then, it has undergone nine revisions, in 1990 (London), 1991 (Nairobi), 1992 (Copenhagen), 1993 (Bangkok), 1995 (Vienna), 1997 (Montreal), 1998 (Australia), 1999 (Beijing) and 2016 (Kigali) As a result of the international agreement, the ozone hole in Antarctica is slowly recovering. Climate projections indicate that the ozone layer will return to 1980 levels between 2040 (across much of the world) and 2066 (over Antarctica). Due to its widespread adoption and implementation, it has been hailed as an example of successful international co-operation. Former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan stated that \"perhaps the single most successful international agreement to date has been the Montreal Protocol\". In comparison, effective burden-sharing and solution proposals mitigating regional conflicts of interest have been among the success factors for the ozone depletion challenge, where global regulation based on the Kyoto Protocol has failed to do so. In this case of the ozone depletion challenge, there was global regulation already being installed before a scientific consensus was established. Also, overall public opinion was convinced of possible imminent risks.The two ozone treaties have been ratified by 198 parties (197 states and the European Union), making them the first universally ratified treaties in United Nations history.These truly universal treaties have also been remarkable in the expedience of the policy-making process at the global scale, where only 14 years lapsed between a basic scientific research discovery (1973) and the international agreement signed (1985 and 1987)."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer, beginning in 1989. As a result of the agreement, the ozone hole in Antarctica is slowly recovering. Due to its widespread adoption, the treaty has been hailed as an example of successful international co-operation.\n\n[Montreal Protocol - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal_Protocol)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Interesing how 10 years ago ozone hole was so important and now nobody even remembers something like that existed", "name": "Andrea"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Thats the horrible part about the worldwide human experience: no one ever cares about the times we get things right. If the ozone layer were gone, wed definitely be hearing about it but because its repair has been a massive success, no one cares. \n\nEveryday, heroes and people in power that actually care are doing unrecognized good work. Thanks from me whoever they may be or whatever they do and have done.", "name": "Cesar"}]

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[{"role": "system", "content": "On June 14, 2015, sheriff's deputies in Greene County, Missouri, United States, found the body of Clauddine \"Dee Dee\" Blanchard (née Pitre; born May 3, 1967, in Chackbay, Louisiana) face down in the bedroom of her house just outside Springfield, lying on the bed in a pool of blood from stab wounds inflicted several days earlier. There was no sign of her daughter, Gypsy-Rose, who most people thought was 19. She knew her real age was 23 and had made others aware that she was an adult. It was claimed that Gypsy had chronic conditions including leukemia, asthma, and muscular dystrophy and who had the \"mental capacity of a seven-year-old due to brain damage\" as the result of premature birth.\nAfter reading troubling Facebook posts earlier in the evening, concerned neighbors notified the police, reporting that Dee Dee might have fallen victim to foul play and that Gypsy-Rose, whose wheelchair and medications were still in the house, might have been abducted. The next day, police found her in Wisconsin, where she had traveled with her boyfriend Nicholas Godejohn, whom she had met online. When investigators announced that she was actually an adult and did not have any of the physical and mental health issues her mother claimed she had, public outrage over the possible abduction of a disabled girl gave way to shock and some sympathy for her.Further investigation found that some of the doctors who had examined Gypsy-Rose had found no evidence of the claimed disorders. One physician suspected that Dee Dee had factitious disorder imposed on another, a mental disorder in which a parent or other caretaker exaggerates, fabricates, or induces illness in a person under their care to obtain sympathy or attention. Dee Dee had changed her name for various reasons. After her death her family claims this was due to them, confronting her about suspecting she had poisoned her stepmother and how she treated Gypsy. Nonetheless, many people accepted her situation as true, and the two benefited from the efforts of charities such as Children's Mercy Hospital, Habitat for Humanity, Ronald McDonald House, and the Make-A-Wish Foundation.\nDee Dee had been making her daughter pass herself off as younger and pretend to be disabled and chronically ill, subjecting her to unnecessary surgery and medication, and controlling her through physical and psychological abuse. Marc Feldman, an international expert on factitious disorders, said this was the first case he knew of in which an abused child killed an abusive parent. Gypsy-Rose pleaded guilty to second-degree murder and served eight years of a ten-year sentence. She was granted parole in September 2023 and was released from prison on December 28, 2023. After a brief trial in November 2018, Godejohn was convicted of first-degree murder and sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# In honor of The Act coming out on Hulu today, the case of Gypsy Rose and murder of Dee Dee Blanchard\n\n[Murder of Dee Dee Blanchard - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Dee_Dee_Blanchard)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "That woman completely ruined her daughters life - hope she rots in hell!\n\nCan only hope Gypsy gets all the help she needs when she gets out of jail.", "name": "Hector"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Did you scroll down to the part about how her family reacted to the news of her murder?\n\n> Dee Dee's family in Louisiana, who had confronted her about her treatment of Gypsy years before, did not regret her death. Her father, stepmother and the nephew who first shared details of Gypsy's actual health when she was first confined to a wheelchair all later said that Dee Dee deserved her fate and Gypsy had been punished as much as she needed to be. None of them would pay for her funeral or even pick up her ashes; her father and stepmother ultimately flushed them down the toilet.\n\nFucking savage. On the bright side, at least Gypsy has supportive family who will help her when she gets out of prison. Maybe she can get on track to having a normal, independent life.", "name": "Raymond"}]

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[{"role": "system", "content": "Dangerfield F. Newby (c. 1820 – October 17, 1859), was the oldest of John Brown's raiders, and one of the five black raiders. He died during Brown's raid on the federal armory in Harpers Ferry, Virginia."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Dangerfield Newby was killed in Harpers Ferry fighting to end slavery and purchase his wife. He was killed and left in the streets where hogs ate his body.\n\n[Dangerfield Newby - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangerfield_Newby)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "The title is grim enough. Not clicking that article", "name": "Cassandra"}, {"role": "user", "content": "The title sums up the article perfectly anyway", "name": "Matthew"}]

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[{"role": "system", "content": "Victorian headless portraits were a fad in Britain in the late 19th century. In the photographs, the model's head appears separated from the body; often the sitter holds it in their own hands. Although this genre is called headless portraiture, it is the head that is always present in the photograph, and the body may be absent.\n\nAn early example of the genre is photographer Oscar Gustave Rejlander's Head of St. John the Baptist in a Charger, a print made by combining two different negatives. The photograph dates from somewhen between 1855 and 1860. Photographer Henry Peach Robinson, described Reilander's insistence on finding a model for John the Baptist saying that \"Rejlander saw his head on the shoulders of a gentleman in the town. …The curious thing is, that he did not so much see the modern gentleman as always the picture which the head suggested. It was some months before the artist ventured to ask the model to lend his head … and years before he obtained his consent.\"Many later photographers created similar images of men and women with severed heads, depicted held in their hands, laid on a platter or held aloft by the hair. Often in the other hand, the sitter carries the weapon of their own murder. The demand for such photographs was so high that many Victorian photographers openly advertised this particular type of photography.\nThe most prolific photographer in this genre was British photographer Samuel Kay Balbirnie, who ran advertisements in the Brighton Daily News offering \"HEADLESS PHOTOGRAPHS - Ladies and Gentlemen taken showing their heads floating in the air or in their laps.\""}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Victorian headless portraits were a fad in Britain in the late 19th century. In the photographs, the model's head appears separated from the body; often the sitter holds it in their own hands.\n\n[Victorian headless portrait - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_headless_portrait)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I love just how weird the Victorians were", "name": "Abraham"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I'm betting the same will be said about us who are living through the pandemic era. Although, we aren't quirky and endearing lol.", "name": "Kendall"}]

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[{"role": "system", "content": "In modern historiography, ancient Rome encompasses the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC, the Roman Kingdom (753–509 BC), Roman Republic (509–27 BC), Roman Empire (27 BC– 395 AD), and the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD.Ancient Rome began as an Italic settlement, traditionally dated to 753 BC, beside the River Tiber in the Italian Peninsula. The settlement grew into the city and polity of Rome, and came to control its neighbours through a combination of treaties and military strength. It eventually controlled the Italian Peninsula, assimilated the Greek culture of southern Italy (Magna Grecia) and the Etruscan culture, becoming a dominant power in the Mediterranean region and parts of Europe. It was among the largest empires in the ancient world, with an estimated 50 to 90 million inhabitants, roughly 20% of the world's population at the time. It covered around 5 million square kilometres (1.9 million square miles) at its height in AD 117.The Roman state evolved from an elective monarchy to a classical republic and then to an increasingly autocratic semi-elective military dictatorship during the Empire. Through conquest, cultural, and linguistic assimilation, at its height it controlled the North African coast, Egypt, Southern Europe, and most of Western Europe, the Balkans, Crimea, and much of the Middle East, including Anatolia, Levant, and parts of Mesopotamia and Arabia. It is often grouped into classical antiquity together with ancient Greece, and their similar cultures and societies are known as the Greco-Roman world.\nAncient Roman civilisation has contributed to modern language, religion, society, technology, law, politics, government, warfare, art, literature, architecture, and engineering. Rome professionalised and expanded its military and created a system of government called res publica, the inspiration for modern republics such as the United States and France. It achieved impressive technological and architectural feats, such as the empire-wide construction of aqueducts and roads, as well as more grandiose monuments and facilities.\n\nDamnatio memoriae (Latin pronunciation: [damˈnaː.ti.oː meˈmo.ri.ae̯]) is a modern Latin phrase meaning \"condemnation of memory\", indicating that a person is to be excluded from official accounts. Depending on the extent, it can be a case of historical negationism. There are and have been many routes to damnatio memoriae, including the destruction of depictions, the removal of names from inscriptions and documents, and even large-scale rewritings of history. The term can be applied to other instances of official scrubbing. The practice has been seen as early as the Egyptian New Kingdom period, where the Pharaohs Hatshepsut and Akhenaten were subject to it.\nAfter Herostratus set fire to the Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of antiquity, the people of Ephesus banned the mention of his name. His name has since become an eponym for people who commit crimes for the purpose of gaining notoriety."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Damnatio memoriae - A punishment for traitors, etc., in Ancient Rome by which they were effectively erased from history by having their works undone and any mention of their name forbidden. The Romans viewed it as a punishment worse than death.\n\n[Damnatio memoriae - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I wrote a novel about this happening in modern politics. Closest we've had in reality seems to be Spiro Agnew. ", "name": "Hunter"}, {"role": "user", "content": "What about all the censorship Stalin did to people after hed have them assassinated? ", "name": "Victor"}]

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LegoK9

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[{"role": "system", "content": "John David McAfee ( MAK-ə-fee; 18 September 1945 – 23 June 2021) was a British-American computer programmer, businessman, and two-time presidential candidate who unsuccessfully sought the Libertarian Party nomination for president of the United States in 2016 and in 2020. In 1987, he wrote the first commercial anti-virus software, founding McAfee Associates to sell his creation. He resigned in 1994 and sold his remaining stake in the company. McAfee became the company's most vocal critic in later years, urging consumers to uninstall the company's anti-virus software, which he characterized as bloatware. He disavowed the company's continued use of his name in branding, a practice that has persisted in spite of a short-lived corporate rebrand attempt under Intel ownership.\nMcAfee's fortunes plummeted in the financial crisis of 2007–2008. After leaving McAfee Associates, he founded the companies Tribal Voice (makers of the PowWow chat program), QuorumEx, and Future Tense Central, among others, and was involved in leadership positions in the companies Everykey, MGT Capital Investments, and Luxcore, among others. His personal and business interests included smartphone apps, cryptocurrency, yoga, light-sport aircraft and recreational drug use. He resided for a number of years in Belize, but returned to the United States in 2013 while wanted in Belize for questioning on suspicion of murder.In October 2020, McAfee was arrested in Spain over U.S. tax evasion charges. U.S. federal prosecutors brought criminal and civil charges alleging that McAfee had failed to file income taxes over a four-year period. On 23 June 2021, he was found dead due to an apparent suicide by hanging in his prison cell near Barcelona shortly after the Spanish National Court authorized his extradition to the U.S. His death generated speculation and theories about the possibility that he was murdered. McAfee's wife, Janice McAfee, said she did not believe McAfee died by suicide."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# John McAfee (September 18, 1945 June 23, 2021)\n\n[John McAfee - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McAfee)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "It says he unsuccessfully sought the libertarian US presidential nomination in 2016 + 2020. Correct me if I'm wrong, but given his birthplace is England, wouldn't he have been ineligible for office even if he had won the nomination? (The chances of a libertarian actually winning notwithstanding)", "name": "Anna"}, {"role": "user", "content": "It says he was born on an army base, and has an American father, therefore he would be eligible.", "name": "Cody"}]

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political

iydricn

[{"role": "system", "content": "Elmer Stewart Rhodes III (born 1966) is an American former attorney and convicted seditionist. He founded the Oath Keepers, an American far-right anti-government militia. In November 2022, he was convicted of seditious conspiracy and evidence tampering related to his participation in the January 6 Insurrection culminating at the main campus of the United States Capitol complex. On May 23, 2023, he was sentenced to 18 years in prison."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Stewart Rhodes, who wears an eye patch after accidentally shooting himself in the face with his own gun, was convicted of seditious conspiracy and evidence tampering with regards to the January 6, 2021 United States Capitol attack.\n\n[Stewart Rhodes - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Rhodes#cite_note-:0-3)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "More proof even being an Ivy League-educated lawyer doesn't mean you're so bright.", "name": "Trinity"}, {"role": "user", "content": "He probably knows a lot about some type of law, but that doesnt automatically make you an intelligent person just a knowledgeable lawyer.", "name": "Mariah"}]

im1nds

t5_2umfr

trissle_hippie

g3xb03q

[{"role": "system", "content": "The Highway of Tears is a 719-kilometre (447 mi) corridor of Highway 16 between Prince George and Prince Rupert in British Columbia, Canada, which has been the location of crimes against many Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women (MMIW) beginning in 1970. The phrase was coined during a vigil held in Terrace, British Columbia in 1998, by Florence Naziel, who was thinking of the victims' families crying over their loved ones. There are a disproportionately high number of Indigenous women on the list of victims.\nProposed explanations for the years-long endurance of the crimes and the limited progress in identifying culprits include poverty, drug abuse, widespread domestic violence, disconnection with traditional culture and disruption of the family unit through the foster care system and Canadian Indian residential school system. Poverty in particular leads to low rates of car ownership and mobility; thus, hitchhiking is often the only way for many to travel vast distances to see family or go to work, school, or seek medical treatment. The lack of public transportation options is a major factor. There is no bus service available between most northern communities and other cities. Because the BC provincial government has not created feasible alternatives to hitchhiking, people who must travel are placed in extremely vulnerable situations. \n\nAnother factor leading to abductions and murders is that the area is largely isolated and remote, with soft soil in many areas and carnivorous scavengers to carry away human remains; these factors precipitate violent attacks, as perpetrators feel a sense of impunity, privacy, and the ability to easily carry out their crimes and hide evidence."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# The Highway of Tears is a 725-kilometre (450 mi) corridor of Highway 16 between Prince George and Prince Rupert, British Columbia, Canada, which has been the location of many murders and disappearances beginning in 1970.\n\n[Highway of Tears - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_of_Tears)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "So the theory is that there is serial killer that still may be out there. He is believed to have murdered over 30 indigenous women. Pretty heinous. \n\nAnother theory is that the police would be taking this much more seriously if the women weren't aboriginal which is probably true.", "name": "John"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Could also be multiple killers.", "name": "Bryce"}]

lbncal

t5_2umfr

FolkTheSystem11037

glvwflf

[{"role": "system", "content": "A baker is a tradesperson who bakes and sometimes sells breads and other products made of flour by using an oven or other concentrated heat source. The place where a baker works is called a bakery.\n\nBaker-Miller Pink, also known as P-618, Schauss pink, or Drunk-Tank Pink is a tone of pink which has been observed to temporarily reduce hostile, violent or aggressive behavior. It was originally created by mixing white indoor latex paint with red trim semi-gloss outdoor paint in a 1:8 ratio by volume.Alexander Schauss did extensive research into the effects of the color on emotions at the Naval Correctional Facility in Seattle, and named it after the institute directors, Baker and Miller."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Baker-Miller pink - the colour used in prisons to calm inmates\n\n[Baker-Miller pink - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker-Miller_pink)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Genuinely interesting thank you", "name": "Kayla"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "Yay! Its my first Reddit post so nervous about the reception it might get but I thought it was fascinating"}]

15ex252

t5_7811nr

slinkslowdown

k0w45w2

[{"role": "system", "content": "Bradford is a city in West Yorkshire, England. It became a municipal borough in 1847, received a city charter in 1897 and, since the 1974 reform, the city status has belonged to the larger City of Bradford metropolitan borough. It had a population of 349,561 at the 2011 census; the second-largest subdivision of the West Yorkshire Built-up Area after Leeds, which is approximately 9 miles (14 km) to the east. The borough had a population of 546,976, making it the 9th most populous district in England.\nHistorically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, the city grew in the 19th century as an international centre of textile manufacture, particularly wool. It was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution, and amongst the earliest industrialised settlements, rapidly becoming the \"wool capital of the world\"; this in turn gave rise to the nicknames \"Woolopolis\" and \"Wool City\". Lying in the eastern foothills of the Pennines, the area's access to supplies of coal, iron ore and soft water facilitated the growth of a manufacturing base, which, as textile manufacture grew, led to an explosion in population and was a stimulus to civic investment. There is a large amount of listed Victorian architecture in the city including the grand Italianate city hall.From the mid-20th century, deindustrialisation caused the city's textile sector and industrial base to decline and, since then, it has faced similar economic and social challenges to the rest of post-industrial Northern England, including poverty, unemployment and social unrest. It is the third-largest economy within the Yorkshire and the Humber region at around £10 billion, which is mostly provided by financial and manufacturing industries. It is also a tourist destination, the first UNESCO City of Film and it has the National Science and Media Museum, a city park, the Alhambra theatre and Cartwright Hall. The city is the UK City of Culture for 2025 having won the designation on 31 May 2022.\n\nPyrus calleryana, also known as the Callery pear or Bradford pear, is a species of pear tree native to China and Vietnam, in the family Rosaceae. It is most commonly known for its cultivar 'Bradford' and its offensive odor, widely planted throughout the United States and increasingly regarded as an invasive species.Pyrus calleryana is deciduous, growing to 5 to 8 m (16 to 26 ft) tall, often with a conical to rounded crown. The leaves are oval, 4 to 8 cm (1+1⁄2 to 3 in) long, glossy dark green above and pale beneath. They have long petioles alternately arranged on branches. The white, five-petaled flowers are about 2 to 2.5 cm (3⁄4 to 1 in) in diameter. They are produced abundantly in early spring, before the leaves expand fully.\nThe fruits (which are often assumed to be inedible due to their abundant, cyanide laced seeds) of the Callery pear are small (less than 1 centimetre (3⁄8 in) in diameter), and hard, almost woody, until softened by frost, after which they are readily taken by birds, which disperse the seeds in their droppings. In summer, the shining foliage is dark green and very smooth, and in autumn the leaves commonly turn brilliant colors, ranging from yellow and orange to more commonly red, pink, purple, and bronze. However, since the color often develops very late in autumn, the leaves may be killed by a hard frost before full color can develop.\nCallery pears are remarkably resistant to disease or fireblight. However, some cultivars, such as 'Bradford', are particularly susceptible to storm damage and are regularly disfigured or killed by strong winds, winter weather, or limb loss due to their naturally rapid growth rate.\nThe species is named after the Italian-French Joseph-Marie Callery (1810–1862), a sinologue who sent specimens of the tree to Europe from China."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Pyrus Calleryana: Most commonly known for its cultivar 'Bradford' and its offensive odor, often compared to rotting fish or semen. It is widely planted throughout the United States and increasingly regarded as an invasive species.\n\n[Pyrus calleryana - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrus_calleryana)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "flies are the trees chief pollinator - maybe cause of the fish smell(?)", "name": "Jesse"}]

9kvztn

t5_2umfr

tcavanagh1993

e72seag

[{"role": "system", "content": "Rose Marie \"Rosemary\" Kennedy (September 13, 1918 – January 7, 2005) was the eldest daughter born to Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. and Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy. She was a sister of President John F. Kennedy and Senators Robert F. and Ted Kennedy.\nIn her early young adult years, Rosemary Kennedy experienced seizures and violent mood swings. In response to these issues, her father arranged a prefrontal lobotomy on her in 1941 when she was 23 years of age; the procedure left her permanently incapacitated and rendered her unable to speak intelligibly.\nRosemary Kennedy spent most of the rest of her life being cared for at St. Coletta, an institution in Jefferson, Wisconsin. The truth about her situation and whereabouts was kept secret for decades. While she was initially isolated from her siblings and extended family following her lobotomy, Rosemary did go on to visit them during her later life."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Rosemary Kennedy\n\n[Rosemary Kennedy - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosemary_Kennedy)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Her mother's legs were clamped shut when she was being born to hold her in until the doctor was able to show up (likely resulting in her being mentally retarded), and then she was lobotomized because her father was afraid she would destroy his and his sons' careers if she became pregnant. How horrible. ", "name": "Nevaeh"}, {"role": "user", "content": "She wasn't mentally retarded, she did suffer brain damage, though. She was a perfeclty functional adult albeit with a few issues. Anger issues, impluse control, mood swings, difficulty reading and math. She was a slow learner in a family of overachievers. Still, she could have lived a perfeclty normal life. What was done to her was criminal.", "name": "Jayden"}]

eeegfv

t5_2umfr

cuebas

fcgeelg

[{"role": "assistant", "content": "# Kelly Thomas was a homeless man diagnosed with schizophrenia who lived on the streets of California. He was beaten to death by six members of the Fullerton Police Department while screaming for his father on July 5, 2011.\n\n[Killing of Kelly Thomas - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Kelly_Thomas?wprov=sfla1)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Such a classic American tale: cops beat someone to death, everyone unanimously agrees it was an egregious overuse of force, all the officers involved skate and get all charges dropped, the family sues, and the tax payer foots the bill for almost 6 million dollars. No justice, nobody learns anything, and your tax dollars are pissed away. America!", "name": "Ian"}, {"role": "user", "content": "How do charges get dropped for things like this? Corruption?", "name": "Jenna"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Basically, yeah. Its pretty much impossible to convict cops of anything in America. Cops make pacts refusing to testify against one another, body cams coincidentally get shut off just before a murder, security footage gets lost. Who knows why the charges were dropped here; you can have all the evidence in the world and it doesnt matter, pigs never answer for their crimes.", "name": "Courtney"}]

1151hct

t5_2umfr

slinkslowdown

j8z9gkf

[{"role": "system", "content": "The Ghosts of Highway 20 refer to a number of individuals who disappeared, or were victims of rape and murder, along Highway 20 in the U.S. state of Oregon from the late 1970s to the early 1990s. John Arthur Ackroyd, a highway mechanic with the Oregon Department of Transportation, was a suspect in these cases. Detectives were able to prosecute the murder of Kaye Turner of 1978, for which he was sentenced to five life sentences for aggravated murder. Ackroyd pleaded no contest in the murder of his stepdaughter Rachanda Pickle and agreed to not seek parole for the murder of Turner. A case was developed against Ackroyd for the murders of Melissa Sanders and Sheila Swanson, but Ackroyd died before the case could be presented to the Lincoln County, Oregon grand jury. Marlene Gabrielsen was the only known victim to have lived and is the first known victim. Her case was not prosecuted.\nThe title was adopted by The Oregonian, which published the cold-case stories of the forgotten women who disappeared along the route. The team that worked on the multiple-part series were reporter Noelle Crombie, video editor and producer Dave Killen, and photojournalist Beth Nakamura. It is also the title of the album The Ghosts of Highway 20 by Lucinda Williams."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# The Ghosts of Highway 20 refer to a number of girls and women who disappeared, or were victims of rape and murder, along Highway 20 in the U.S. state of Oregon from the late 1970s to the early 1990s.\n\n[Ghosts of Highway 20 - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghosts_of_Highway_20)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "There's a documentary about the man they think did these killings on YouTube. Through Oregon Live news site or something like that. It is disturbing. When he was being questioned about the disappearance of the step daughter he was raping the cops noted that he ejaculated in his pants when hearing details.", "name": "Evelyn"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "I said *Jesus Christ* out loud reading that last part."}]

m091i0

t5_2umfr

Go_To_Bethel_And_Sin

gq74h66

[{"role": "system", "content": "The Utah prisoner of war massacre (headlined by Time as Midnight Massacre) took place after the end of World War II in Europe at midnight on July 8, 1945, at a German and Italian prisoner-of-war camp in Salina, Utah. Nine German prisoners of war were murdered and nineteen prisoners were wounded by American private Clarence V. Bertucci, who was on active duty in the camp. After a night out, Bertucci returned to camp around midnight to assume his night duty at the guard tower. Bertucci subsequently loaded the .30-caliber M1917 Browning machine gun on the tower and fired at the tents of the sleeping prisoners. After the massacre, he revealed his motivation was that, \"he had hated Germans, so he had killed Germans.\" Six Germans were immediately killed, two died in Salina's hospital, one died in an army hospital, and nineteen were wounded.\nThe victims were buried with full military honors at the Fort Douglas Cemetery. Wounded prisoners were sent back to Germany after they were healthy enough to travel. After the massacre, Bertucci was taken into custody with minimal resistance. He was evaluated for a few weeks, before doctors determined that he was \"mentally unbalanced\". Military officers forwent a court-martial on account of insanity and he was sent to Mason General Hospital in New York for an undisclosed amount of time. The Midnight Massacre is remembered for being \"the worst massacre at a POW camp in U.S. history\". A museum was opened at Camp Salina in 2016.\nIt is also the deadliest mass shooting in Utah history."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# On the night of July 8, 1945, a guard at a POW camp in Utah fired a machine gun at the tents of sleeping prisoners, killing nine. As a fellow soldier apprehended him, the gunman reportedly said, \"Get more ammo! I'm not done yet!\"\n\n[Utah prisoner of war massacre - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah_prisoner_of_war_massacre)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I'm more surprised Utah had a POW camp", "name": "Natalia"}, {"role": "user", "content": "We had Japanese-American internment camps as well. A whole lot of nothing in the Central-Southern portion of Utah.", "name": "Logan"}]

kt5rs7

t5_2qh3b

slinkslowdown

gikse44

[{"role": "system", "content": "Cheddar cheese (or simply cheddar) is a natural cheese that is relatively hard, off-white (or orange if colourings such as annatto are added), and sometimes sharp-tasting. It originates from the English village of Cheddar in Somerset.Cheddar is produced all over the world, and cheddar cheese has no protected designation of origin. In 2007, the name West Country Farmhouse Cheddar was registered in the European Union and (after Brexit) the United Kingdom, defined as cheddar produced from local milk within Somerset, Dorset, Devon and Cornwall and manufactured using traditional methods. Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) was registered for Orkney Scottish Island Cheddar in 2013 in the EU, which also applies under UK law.\nGlobally, the style and quality of cheeses labelled as cheddar varies greatly, with some processed cheeses packaged as \"cheddar\". Cheeses similar to Red Leicester are sometimes marketed as \"red cheddar\".\nCheddar is the most popular cheese in the UK, accounting for 51% of the country's £1.9 billion annual cheese market. It is the second-most popular cheese in the US behind mozzarella, with an average annual consumption of 10 lb (4.5 kg) per capita. The US produced approximately 3,000,000,000 lb (1,300,000 long tons; 1,400,000 tonnes) of cheddar in 2014, and the UK produced 258,000 long tons (262,000 tonnes) in 2008."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# U.S. President Andrew Jackson once held an open house party at the White House at which he served a 1,400 lb (640 kg) block of Cheddar cheese. The White House is said to have smelled of cheese for weeks.\n\n[Cheddar cheese - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheddar_cheese#Records)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "The craziest part of this story to me is that the White House once had open house parties, where citizens could literally just walk in and hang out (until the 1880s or so)", "name": "Isabella"}, {"role": "user", "content": "There used to be a New Years tradition where you could just go right into the White House and shake the Presidents hand. [Heres a picture](https://imgur.com/a/ZCVtK35) of people lining up to shake Theodore Roosevelts hand on New Years Day in 1909. The presidents usually hated it, because while it was manageable in the early days when travel was difficult and Washington was small, towards the end they were shaking around 10,000 hands every January 1st. They stopped doing it in 1932, during President Hoovers administration.", "name": "Jazmin"}]

kaujtu

t5_2umfr

Sup_gurl

gfd0lsr

[{"role": "system", "content": "Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east. Europe shares the landmass of Eurasia with Asia, and of Afro-Eurasia with both Asia and Africa. Europe is commonly considered to be separated from Asia by the watershed of the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Greater Caucasus, the Black Sea, and the waterway of the Bosporus Strait.Europe covers about 10.18 million km2 (3.93 million sq mi), or 2% of Earth's surface (6.8% of land area), making it the second-smallest continent (using the seven-continent model). Politically, Europe is divided into about fifty sovereign states, of which Russia is the largest and most populous, spanning 39% of the continent and comprising 15% of its population. Europe had a total population of about 745 million (about 10% of the world population) in 2021; the third-largest after Asia and Africa. The European climate is affected by warm Atlantic currents, such as the Gulf Stream, which produce a temperate climate, tempering winters and summers, on much of the continent. Further from the sea, seasonal differences are more noticeable producing more continental climates.\nEuropean culture consists of a range of national and regional cultures, which form the central roots of the wider Western civilisation, and together commonly reference ancient Greece and ancient Rome, particularly through their Christian successors, as crucial and shared roots. Beginning with the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE, Christian consolidation of Europe in the wake of the Migration Period marked the European post-classical Middle Ages. The Renaissance, radiating from Florence, spread to the rest of the continent a new humanist interest in art and science. Since the Age of Discovery, led by Spain and Portugal, Europe played a predominant role in global affairs with multiple explorations and conquests around the world.\nBetween the 16th and 20th centuries, European powers colonised at various times the Americas, almost all of Africa and Oceania, and the majority of Asia.\nThe Age of Enlightenment, the French Revolution, and the Napoleonic Wars shaped the continent culturally, politically and economically from the end of the 17th century until the first half of the 19th century. The Industrial Revolution, which began in Great Britain at the end of the 18th century, gave rise to radical economic, cultural and social change in Western Europe and eventually the wider world. Both world wars began and were fought to a great extent in Europe, contributing to a decline in Western European dominance in world affairs by the mid-20th century as the Soviet Union and the United States took prominence and competed over dominance in Europe and globally. The resulting Cold War divided Europe along the Iron Curtain, with NATO in the West and the Warsaw Pact in the East. This divide ended with the Revolutions of 1989, the fall of the Berlin Wall, and the dissolution of the Soviet Union, which allowed European integration to advance significantly.\nEuropean integration is being advanced institutionally since 1948 with the founding of the Council of Europe, and significantly through the realization of the European Union (EU), which represents today the majority of Europe. The European Union is a supranational political entity that lies between a confederation and a federation and is based on a system of European treaties. The EU originated in Western Europe but has been expanding eastward since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. A majority of its members have adopted a common currency, the euro, and participate in the European single market and a customs union. A large bloc of countries, the Schengen Area, have also abolished internal border and immigration controls. Regular popular elections take place every five years within the EU; they are considered to be the second-largest democratic elections in the world after India's. The EU is the third largest economy in the world.\n\nCat burning was an alleged form of cruelty to animals as an entertainment or festivity in Western and Central Europe during the Middle Ages prior to the 1800s. People would gather cats and hoist them onto a bonfire causing death by burning or otherwise through the effects of exposure to extreme heat. In the medieval to early modern periods, cats, which were associated with vanity and witchcraft, were sometimes burned as symbols of the devil."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Cat-burning was a form of entertainment in Europe prior to the 1800s, in which cats were gathered up and publicly burned alive, to the delight of commoners and kings alike\n\n[Cat burning - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat-burning)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Isnt it crazy how some people worshipped cats and others burned them"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "I actually found this article from some random thread talking about the Ottoman Empire. Someone was basically saying that the Muslim world historically idealized cats in a religious way, and felt dogs were unclean, while the Christian world idealized dogs and felt that cats were evil or related to Satan in some way, and they brought up cat-burning as an example."}]

189ot4m

t5_2qh3b

eastwooder

kbtyiam

[{"role": "system", "content": "Ekaterine \"Keke\" Giorgis asuli Geladze (1856/1858 – 4 June 1937) was the mother of Joseph Stalin.\nBorn into a family of peasants outside of Gori, in modern Georgia, she married Besarion Jughashvili, a cobbler, and had three sons; only the youngest, Ioseb, lived. Besarion would leave the family, leaving Geladze to raise her son. Deeply religious, she wanted Ioseb to become a priest, working as a seamstress in Gori in order to pay for his education. Geladze remained in Gori when Ioseb moved to the Tbilisi Spiritual Seminary, and stayed there until his rise to power in the Soviet Union as Joseph Stalin. In her older age Geladze lived in Tbilisi, the capital city of Georgia; while Stalin wrote to her, he visited rarely, with the last visit in 1935. She died in 1937, and was buried in the Mtatsminda Pantheon in Tbilisi."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Keke Geladze was the mother of Joseph Stalin. Stalin visited her for the final time on 17 October 1935. The two had a short discussion about Stalin's position: \"Mama, do you remember our tsar? Well, I'm something like the tsar,\" to which Geladze replied \"You'd have done better to become a priest.\"\n\n[Keke Geladze - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keke_Geladze)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I'm pretty sure this story is discredited on the main Stalin article, but it is a good story. \nThe \"I wish you'd become a priest\" part is corroborated by Trotsky and Stalin's daughter. Stalin did study at a seminary for several years. Of course, if Trotsky had ever heard of Stalin comparing himself to a Tsar, he'd have certainly used that against him, so it is unlikely that he originally said this.", "name": "Kelsey"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Well its pretty unlikely that he was going to start explaining the principles of Marxist thought and classless society to his mom, a deeply religious serf from the middle of nowhere born in the 1850s.\n\nWhat do you imagine Trotsky doing with that? Oh look, OMG he told his mom he was LIKE A TSAR - WTF, quick, someone do something!", "name": "Brittany"}]

h8e47i

t5_2qh3b

oneultralamewhiteboy

fuqjpd3

[{"role": "system", "content": "Ivar the Boneless (Old Norse: Ívarr hinn Beinlausi [ˈiːˌwɑrː ˈhinː ˈbɛinˌlɔuse]; died c. 873), also known as Ivar Ragnarsson, was a Viking leader who invaded England and Ireland. According to the Tale of Ragnar Lodbrok, he was the son of Aslaug and her husband Ragnar Loðbrok, and was the brother of Björn Ironside, Hvitserk, Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye and Ubba. However, this is not sure to be historically accurate. Ivar is probably the same person as Ímar, a Viking king of Dublin between 870 and 873. He might have been born in Uppsala, Sweden in about 787.The origin of the nickname is not certain. \"Ívarr beinlausi\" could be translated to \"Ivar legless\", but \"beinlausi\" could also be translated as \"boneless\", since \"bone\" and \"leg\" translates to the same word, \"bein\", in Old Norse. Several of the sagas describe him as lacking legs/bones or having a skeletal condition such as osteogenesis imperfecta, while a passage in Ragnarssona þáttr (also known as the tale of Ragnar's sons) suggest it refers to male impotence."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Ivar the Boneless, a Viking king who either had no bones, no legs or couldn't get a boner.\n\n[Ivar the Boneless - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivar_the_Boneless)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "[deleted]"}, {"role": "user", "content": "It's just a joke in the title. The wikipedia article does actually mention (and cite) the possible interpretation of impotence.", "name": "Trinity"}]

m7oid8

t5_2umfr

LongLiveRevolution5

grfkf9y

[{"role": "system", "content": "The Guangxi Massacre (simplified Chinese: 广西大屠杀; traditional Chinese: 廣西大屠殺; pinyin: Guǎngxī Dàtúshā), or the Guangxi Cultural Revolution Massacre (广西文革大屠杀; 廣西文革大屠殺; Guǎngxī Wéngé Dàtúshā), was a series of events involving lynching and direct massacre in Guangxi during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976). The official record shows an estimated death toll of 100,000 to 150,000. Methods of slaughter included beheading, beating, live burial, stoning, drowning, boiling, and disemboweling.In certain areas including Wuxuan County and Wuming District, massive human cannibalism occurred even though no famine existed. According to public records available, at least 137 people—perhaps hundreds more—were eaten by others and at least thousands of people participated in the cannibalism. Other researchers have pointed out that 421 victims who could be identified by name were eaten, and there were reports of cannibalism across dozens of counties in Guangxi. Although the cannibalism was sponsored by local offices of the Communist Party and militia, no direct evidence suggests that anyone in the national Communist Party leadership including Mao Zedong endorsed the cannibalism or even knew of it. However, some scholars have pointed out that Wuxuan County, through internal channels, had notified the central leadership about the cannibalism in 1968.After the Cultural Revolution, people who were involved in the massacre or cannibalism received legal punishments during the \"Boluan Fanzheng\" period. In Wuxuan County where at least 38 people were eaten, fifteen participants were prosecuted, receiving up to 14 years in prison, while ninety-one members of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) were expelled from the party and thirty-nine non-party officials were either demoted or had a salary cut."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# The Guangxi Massacre was a series of events involving lynching and direct massacre in Guangxi during the Cultural Revolution period. Methods of slaughter included beheading, beating, live burial, stoning, drowning, boiling, and cannibalism.\n\n[Guangxi Massacre - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangxi_Massacre)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Wtf. They didn't teach this back in high school...", "name": "James"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I hope it doesnt sound callous but its impossible to teach about all the tragedy in the world. Especially if you are just talking about k-12 education. I really think countries should be focusing primarily on their own history for several reasons:\n\n1. Its the most relevant. An American benefits more from understanding how Indigenous people got to the state were in than the genocide in Cambodia. \n\n\n2. A smaller chance at bias. It is much easier for every school to find an educated Black American who has not only studied but experienced racism in America than a Chinese person with the same qualifications for China. \n\n\n3. A thorough study of one (or several related) subject is better than a jack of all trades type study for many things. \n\n\nI think what k-12 schools should do is foster empathy and a love of learning in children and provide them with the ability to identify valid sources as well as providing resources they can use for further study. A couple global citizen courses are good (especially language and culture ones) but Im skeptical if they create better global citizens than courses that adequately provide more relevant information that can be expanded out to others", "name": "Avery"}]

yvkzcs

t5_7811nr

slinkslowdown

iwg25hc

[{"role": "system", "content": "The Uranus Experiment is a 1999 three-part pornographic science fiction video produced by the Swedish production and distribution company Private Media Group that is notable for being partially shot in microgravity. In a scene from the second part, the performers Sylvia Saint and Nick Lang have sex in zero gravity for about 20 seconds. The scene was shot during a parabolic flight.\nThe filming process for the microgravity scene was particularly difficult from a technical and logistical standpoint. Budget constraints allowed for only one take for the microgravity shot. The other \"zero-gravity\" shots in the film are faked.Described as an \"anal space opera\", the film features music by Liam Howlett from The Prodigy and Robert Del Naja from Massive Attack.Its director John Millerman was nominated in the Best Script category in the 1999 Nebula Awards by a disgruntled group of science fiction authors as a protest against the policies of the awarding body. It did not win the award, which was won by M. Night Shyamalan for his script for his film The Sixth Sense.Regarding the possibility of amateurs hiring a parabolic flight plane to emulate the film, Berth Milton, Jr, the CEO of Private Media Group, said that \"You would not want to be afraid of flying, that's for sure!\""}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# The Uranus Experiment: A 1999 three-part pornographic science fiction video notable for being partially shot in microgravity during a parabolic flight. In a scene from the second part, the performers Sylvia Saint and Nick Lang have sex in zero gravity for about 20 seconds.\n\n[The Uranus Experiment - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Uranus_Experiment)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "A 20 second video link would make this post so much better...", "name": "Audrey"}]

ptyw6b

t5_2qh3b

blankblank

hdzxfyk

[{"role": "system", "content": "Taking the piss is a colloquial term meaning to mock at the expense of others, or to be joking, without the element of offence. It is also sometimes phrased as a question, 'are they taking the piss?', when referring to an individual who takes above and beyond what is thought acceptable, similar to the expression, 'give them an inch and they take a mile.' It is a shortening of the idiom taking the piss out of, which is an expression meaning to mock, tease, joke, ridicule, or scoff. It is not to be confused with \"taking a piss\", which refers to the act of urinating. Taking the Mickey (Mickey Bliss, Cockney rhyming slang), taking the Mick or taking the Michael are additional terms for making fun of someone. These terms are most often used in the United Kingdom, Ireland, South Africa, New Zealand and Australia."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# \"Taking the piss\" is a British term meaning to mock at the expense of others, or to be joking, without the element of offence. (Compare with the American \"fuck with.\") It is not to be confused with \"taking a piss,\" which refers to the act of urinating.\n\n[Taking the piss - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taking_the_piss)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Related: In British English, \"pissed\" (as an adjective, not verb) originally (and still) means \"drunk\" rather than \"pissed off\".", "name": "Sophia"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Still means that. Maybe it'll be different in five or ten years, given the rate at which we're absorbing American speech, but I've never known a fellow Brit to use the adjective \"pissed\" to mean anything but \"drunk\".", "name": "James"}]

rz3pik

t5_2qh3b

GastricallyStretched

hrta0r1

[{"role": "system", "content": "A driving licence in Poland (prawo jazdy) is a document issued by the relevant government agency, regional or local government, confirming the rights of the holder to drive motor vehicles."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Prawo Jazdy was listed on an Irish police database as a person with more than 50 traffic violations on record. \"Prawo jazdy\" is actually Polish for \"driving license\", and police officers mistook this phrase printed on Polish licenses for a personal name when issuing tickets.\n\n[Driving licence in Poland - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prawo_Jazdy_(alleged_criminal))"}, {"role": "user", "content": "It's even funnier because all EU driving licenses look pretty much the same so the name is in the same place as the Irish one", "name": "Morgan"}, {"role": "user", "content": "They just didnt want to write out polish names", "name": "Mark"}]

vsuutn

t5_2umfr

lightiggy

if3qlq7

[{"role": "assistant", "content": "# 40 years ago, Chadian dictator Hissne Habr rose to power with the backing of the U.S. and French governments. He would institute a reign of terror upon his constituents. Over the 8 years he spent in his position, Habr presided over the murders of at least 40,000 people.\n\n[Hissène Habré - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiss%C3%A8ne_Habr%C3%A9)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "France and the US should be ashamed of themselves, but lets be real: its par for the course for these countries. They feel its their responsibility to wipe out people they consider to be dangerous while never being held accountable for their own crimes against humanity."}, {"role": "user", "content": "Proxy war crimes.", "name": "Jaden"}]

3c0qhh

t5_2qh3b

potatoesarenotcool

csrankc

[{"role": "assistant", "content": "# Could everyone editing Ellen Pao's Wikipedia page please stop. It just creates work for Wikipedia mods and is severely childish.\n\n"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Would this even be the right sub to make such a request? You think the people in question hang out in here?", "name": "Jacob"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "The people that can lock the page do."}, {"role": "user", "content": "Really? I thought we were all just, like, huge fans.", "name": "Kendall"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "Man I don't know. "}]

8scq5e

t5_2umfr

brendy420

e0yns3x

[{"role": "assistant", "content": "# \"Some of them heard their children screaming for them in the next room. Not a single one of them had been allowed to say goodbye or explain to them what was happening.\"\n\n[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump\\_administration\\_family\\_separation\\_policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_administration_family_separation_policy)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "How about don't BREAK THE LAW then this won't happen. The parents brought it on themselves. No pity. ", "name": "Trenton"}, {"role": "user", "content": "claiming asylum is breaking the law?", "name": "Cody"}]

i2zzhr

t5_2qh3b

bdog556

g08ie6h

[{"role": "assistant", "content": "# North Koreas human rights record is widely considered to be the worst in the world, with rights organizations stating that the governments abuses have no contemporary parallel.\n\n[Human rights in North Korea - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_North_Korea?wprov=sfti1)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Yet the world conveniently ignores it and does nothing. Meanwhile, we're toppling governments over oil.", "name": "Eduardo"}, {"role": "user", "content": "The only country that can really do anything about North Korea, without getting South Korea shelled by artillery, is China.", "name": "Jessica"}]

11cwgeq

t5_2umfr

heycowboy

ja8a4cw

[{"role": "system", "content": "David J. Acer (November 11, 1949 – September 3, 1990) was an American dentist who allegedly infected six of his patients, including Kimberly Bergalis, with HIV. The Acer case is considered the first documented HIV transmission from a healthcare worker to a patient in the United States, though the means of transmission remain unknown. The high-profile case led to public controversy regarding HIV testing and disclosure for healthcare workers."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# David J. Acer was an HIV-positive dentist. Once he contracted AIDS, he tried to hide the progression of his disease while also neglecting sanitation and patient safety, eventually infecting six of his patients\n\n[David J. Acer - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_J._Acer)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "and they still don't know *how* exactly he gave them AIDS, right? From a NYT article ([https://archive.is/mDmiQ](https://archive.is/mDmiQ)) :\n\n>The initial assumption was that his equipment had blood on it, passing the virus from him to patients or from patient to patient. But the investigating team virtually ruled that out. \n> \n>All the strains of the virus are the same as his. \n> \n>No pattern in the dates of appointments is apparent; as far as can be told from Dr. Acer's records, no more than two of the infected patients were ever in his office on the same day. When they were, it seemed unlikely the same instruments would have been used on them. \n> \n>Investigators said Dr. Acer did not always sterilize his equipment but that he was no more sloppy than other dentists in the area. \n> \n>A second theory is that he accidentally cut his own finger while working and bled into his patients' mouths, or jabbed himself with a hypodermic without noticing it and injected his blood along with the anesthetic. \n> \n>But that explanation has been weakened by the latest case; the teen-ager only had fillings done, something unlikely to cut a dentist's fingers. The others had extractions, crown placement or other invasive work. \n> \n>Many AIDS patients suffer nerve damage in their fingers; but Dr. Acer's medical records do not show that he had. \n> \n>Moreover, no infected patient or office worker recalled Dr. Acer hurting himself that way, and no one suggested that he suffered AIDS-induced dementia that would have led him to ignore injuries. \n> \n>\"It seems very unlikely that these patients could have been infected simply by having a drop of Dr. Acer's blood falling into their mouths,\" Dr. Jaffe said.", "name": "Ivan"}, {"role": "user", "content": ">Investigators said Dr. Acer did not always sterilize his equipment but that he was no more sloppy than other dentists in the area. \n\nThis is relatively terrifying lol.", "name": "Jada"}]

z996o2

t5_2umfr

Get-stupid

iyfmk1m

[{"role": "system", "content": "Creepiness is the state of being creepy, or causing an unpleasant feeling of fear or unease. A person who exhibits creepy behaviour is called a creep. Certain traits or hobbies may make people seem creepy to others. The internet has been described as increasingly creepy. Adam Kotsko has compared the modern conception of creepiness to the Freudian concept of unheimlich. The term has also been used to describe paranormal or supernatural phenomena.\n\nArtificial cranial deformation or modification, head flattening, or head binding is a form of body alteration in which the skull of a human being is deformed intentionally. It is done by distorting the normal growth of a child's skull by applying force. Flat shapes, elongated ones (produced by binding between two pieces of wood), rounded ones (binding in cloth), and conical ones are among those chosen or valued in various cultures.\nTypically, the alteration is carried out on an infant, when the skull is most pliable. In a typical case, head binding begins approximately a month after birth and continues for about six months."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Artificial cranial deformation or modification, head flattening, or head binding is a form of body alteration in which the skull of a human being is deformed intentionally- Practiced by many cultures around the world, with some creepy looking results\n\n[Artificial cranial deformation - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_cranial_deformation)"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "I hope its obvious I mean no disrespect to those cultures. *Every* culture has aspects that seem creepy, morbid, or bizarre to outsiders."}, {"role": "user", "content": "BBL. Botox. Chinese foot binding. Ear lobe stretching. Lip stretching. Piercings. Tattoos. Neck stretching. Covering of hair. Covering of knees. Shaving off the hair. Etc etc etc etc.", "name": "Lucy"}]

10fo9fl

t5_2qh3b

6972486927823

j4ytmn8

[{"role": "system", "content": "Wikipedia is a free-content online encyclopedia written and maintained by a community of volunteers, known as Wikipedians, through open collaboration and the use of the wiki-based editing system MediaWiki. Wikipedia is the largest and most-read reference work in history. It is consistently ranked as one of the ten most popular websites in the world, and as of 2024 is ranked the fifth most visited website on the Internet by Semrush. Founded by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger on January 15, 2001, Wikipedia is hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation, an American nonprofit organization that employs a staff of over 700 people. Unfortunately, much of the info found on wikipedia is wrong, because the small-minded nerds who run it don't allow CORRECT info to be added to THEIR pages. They jealously guard their little pieces of territory from anyone who would DARE to enter CORRECT info. This is why wikipedia is viewed as an unreliable source of info by people all over the world.\nInitially only available in English, editions in other languages have been developed. Wikipedia's editions, when combined, comprise more than 62 million articles, attracting around 2 billion unique device visits per month and more than 14 million edits per month (about 5.2 edits per second on average) as of November 2023. Roughly 26% of Wikipedia's traffic is from the United States, followed by Japan at 5.9%, the United Kingdom at 5.4%, Germany at 5%, Russia at 4.8%, and the remaining 54% split among other countries, according to data provided by Similarweb.Wikipedia has been praised for its enablement of the democratization of knowledge, extent of coverage, unique structure, and culture. It has been criticized for exhibiting systemic bias, particularly gender bias against women and geographical bias against the Global South (Eurocentrism). While the reliability of Wikipedia was frequently criticized in the 2000s, it has improved over time, receiving greater praise in the late 2010s and early 2020s, having become an important fact-checking site.Wikipedia has been censored by some national governments, ranging from specific pages to the entire site. Articles on breaking news are often accessed as sources for frequently updated information about those events."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# What the new Wikipedia looks like on 21:9 monitor\n\n"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I mean, yeah. Ultrawide monitors are meant to have tiled windows for this sort of thing. Besides - are you looking to have the entire page written on a single line? It might be nice if they provided support for columns, sort of like what dead tree encyclopedias used to do.", "name": "Crystal"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I am indeed looking to have the entire page written on a single line, if it can be managed.", "name": "Charlotte"}, {"role": "user", "content": "...why.", "name": "Sofia"}]

hhwj6z

t5_2qh3b

NeonHD

fwdtaqh

[{"role": "system", "content": "Edward Arnold Chapman (16 November 1914 – 11 December 1997) was an English criminal and wartime spy. During the Second World War he offered his services to Nazi Germany as a spy and subsequently became a British double agent. His British Secret Service handlers codenamed him Agent Zigzag in acknowledgement of his erratic personal history.\nHe had a number of criminal aliases known by the British police, amongst them Edward Edwards, Arnold Thompson and Edward Simpson. His German codename was Fritz or, later, after endearing himself to his German contacts, its diminutive form of Fritzchen."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Eddie Chapman was an English criminal and wartime spy. During the 2nd World War he offered his services to Nazi Germany as a spy and subsequently became a British double agent. He was so trusted by the Germans that he is reportedly the only British citizen to have ever been awarded the Iron Cross.\n\n[Eddie Chapman - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_Chapman)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Reminds me a lot of [Juan Pujol Garca](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Pujol_Garc%C3%ADa), who was a Spanish citizen that became a double agent for Britain and also got the Iron Cross.", "name": "Andrew"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I know history is written by the victors and all, but from everything I've heard, Nazi Germany did not have great intelligence networks", "name": "Kelsey"}]

iawxlg

t5_2qh3b

occono

g1ro93i

[{"role": "system", "content": "The Holocene () is the current geological epoch, beginning approximately 11,700 years ago. It follows the Last Glacial Period, which concluded with the Holocene glacial retreat. The Holocene and the preceding Pleistocene together form the Quaternary period. The Holocene is an interglacial period within the ongoing glacial cycles of the Quaternary, and is equivalent to Marine Isotope Stage 1.\nThe Holocene corresponds with the rapid proliferation, growth, and impacts of the human species worldwide, including all of its written history, technological revolutions, development of major civilizations, and overall significant transition towards urban living in the present. The human impact on modern-era Earth and its ecosystems may be considered of global significance for the future evolution of living species, including approximately synchronous lithospheric evidence, or more recently hydrospheric and atmospheric evidence of the human impact. In July 2018, the International Union of Geological Sciences split the Holocene Epoch into three distinct ages based on the climate, Greenlandian (11,700 years ago to 8,200 years ago), Northgrippian (8,200 years ago to 4,200 years ago) and Meghalayan (4,200 years ago to the present), as proposed by International Commission on Stratigraphy. The oldest age, the Greenlandian, was characterized by a warming following the preceding ice age. The Northgrippian Age is known for vast cooling due to a disruption in ocean circulations that was caused by the melting of glaciers. The most recent age of the Holocene is the present Meghalayan, which began with extreme drought that lasted around 200 years.\n\nThe Holocene extinction, or Anthropocene extinction, is the ongoing extinction event caused by humans during the Holocene epoch. These extinctions span numerous families of plants and animals, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and invertebrates, and affecting not just terrestrial species but also large sectors of marine life. With widespread degradation of biodiversity hotspots, such as coral reefs and rainforests, as well as other areas, the vast majority of these extinctions are thought to be undocumented, as the species are undiscovered at the time of their extinction, which goes unrecorded. The current rate of extinction of species is estimated at 100 to 1,000 times higher than natural background extinction rates and is increasing. During the past 100–200 years, biodiversity loss and species extinction have accelerated, to the point that most conservation biologists now believe that human activity has either produced a period of mass extinction, or is on the cusp of doing so. As such, after the \"Big Five\" mass extinctions, the Holocene extinction event has also been referred to as the sixth mass extinction or sixth extinction; given the recent recognition of the Capitanian mass extinction, the term seventh mass extinction has also been proposed for the Holocene extinction event.The Holocene extinction follows the extinction of many large (megafaunal) animals during the preceding Late Pleistocene. Some of these extinctions were likely in part due to human hunting pressure. The most popular theory is that human overhunting of species added to existing stress conditions as the Holocene extinction coincides with human colonization of many new areas around the world. Although there is debate regarding how much human predation and habitat loss affected their decline, certain population declines have been directly correlated with the onset of human activity, such as the extinction events of New Zealand, Madagascar, and Hawaii. Aside from humans, climate change may have been a driving factor in the megafaunal extinctions, especially at the end of the Pleistocene.\nOver the course of the Late Holocene, there were hundreds of extinctions of birds on islands across the Pacific, driven by human settlement of the previously uninhabited islands, with extinctions peaking around 1300 AD. Roughly 12% of avian species have been driven to extinction by human activity over the last 126,000 years, which is double previous estimates.In the twentieth century, human numbers quadrupled, and the size of the global economy increased twenty-five-fold. This Great Acceleration or Anthropocene epoch has also accelerated species extinction. Ecologically, humanity is now an unprecedented \"global superpredator\", which consistently preys on the adults of other apex predators, takes over other species' essential habitats and displaces them, and has worldwide effects on food webs. There are many famous examples of extinctions within Africa, Asia, Europe, Australia, North and South America, and on smaller islands.\nOverall, the Holocene extinction can be linked to the human impact on the environment. The Holocene extinction continues into the 21st century, with human population growth, increasing per capita consumption (especially by the super-affluent), and meat production and consumption, among others, being the primary drivers of mass extinction. Deforestation, overfishing, ocean acidification, the destruction of wetlands, and the decline in amphibian populations, among others, are a few broader examples of global biodiversity loss."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# The Holocene extinction is a current event resulting from human activity affecting numerous species. With widespread degradation of biodiverse habitats, coral reefs & rainforests, many extinctions may be undocumented. The extinction rate is estimated at 100 to 1000 times higher than natural rates\n\n[Holocene extinction - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocene_extinction)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "And I helped!"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I'm doing my part!", "name": "Brendan"}]

13lvfdx

t5_2qh3b

Pupikal

jkscpt7

[{"role": "system", "content": "South is one of the cardinal directions or compass points. The direction is the opposite of north and is perpendicular to both west and east.\n\nThe Lost Cause of the Confederacy (or simply the Lost Cause) is an American pseudohistorical and historical negationist myth that claims the cause of the Confederate States during the American Civil War was just, heroic, and not centered on slavery. First enunciated in 1866, it has continued to influence racism, gender roles, and religious attitudes in the Southern United States into the 21st century. Historians have dismantled many parts of the Lost Cause mythos.\nBeyond forced unpaid labor and denial of freedom to leave the slaveholder, the treatment of slaves in the United States often included sexual abuse and rape, the denial of education, and punishments such as whippings. Slaves' families were often split up by the sale of one or more family members; when such events occurred, the family members in question usually never saw or heard from one another again. Lost Cause proponents ignore these realities, presenting slavery as a positive good and denying that alleviation of the conditions of slavery was the central cause of the American Civil War. Instead, Lost Cause proponents frame the war as a defense of states' rights and of the Southern agrarian economy against supposed Northern aggression. Lost Cause proponents attribute the Union victory to greater numbers and greater industrial wealth, while they portray the Confederate side of the conflict as being more righteous and having greater military skill. Modern historians overwhelmingly disagree with these characterizations, noting that the central cause of the war was slavery.The Lost Cause reached a high level of popularity at the turn of the 20th century, when proponents memorialized Confederate veterans who were dying off. It reached a high level of popularity again during the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s in reaction to growing public support for racial equality. Through actions such as building prominent Confederate monuments and writing history textbooks, Lost Cause organizations (including the United Daughters of the Confederacy and Sons of Confederate Veterans) sought to ensure that Southern whites would know what they called the \"true\" narrative of the Civil War, and would therefore continue to support white supremacist policies such as Jim Crow laws. White supremacy is a central feature of the Lost Cause narrative."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Lost Cause of the Confederacy: myth that claims the cause of the Confederacy was just, heroic, and not centered on slavery. It has continued to influence racism, gender roles, and religious attitudes in the South to the present day. White supremacy is a central feature of the Lost Cause narrative.\n\n[Lost Cause of the Confederacy - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_Cause_of_the_Confederacy)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Great read out there from Edward Bonekemper called \"The Myth of the Lost Cause.\" Goes into detail to describe not only the post-war propaganda used by the losers to justify the war, but also the root causes of the war (100% slavery, the rebel states and Confederacy clearly stated so in numerous documents) and the fact that the South could have won if they had avoided mistakes like invading Pennsylvania or Lee being unwilling to share forces when other critical regions were in need.", "name": "Jordyn"}, {"role": "user", "content": "The Souths secession was about states rights.\n\n as in, the southern states right to own slaves.", "name": "Claire"}]

h7yi9x

t5_2qh3b

Pupikal

fuop88o

[{"role": "system", "content": "A commonwealth is a traditional English term for a political community founded for the common good. The noun \"commonwealth\", meaning \"public welfare, general good or advantage\", dates from the 15th century. Originally a phrase (the common-wealth or the common wealth – echoed in the modern synonym \"public wealth\"), it comes from the old meaning of \"wealth\", which is \"well-being\", and is itself a loose translation of the Latin res publica. The term literally meant \"common well-being\". In the 17th century, the definition of \"commonwealth\" expanded from its original sense of \"public welfare\" or \"commonweal\" to mean \"a state in which the supreme power is vested in the people; a republic or democratic state\".The term evolved to become a title to a number of political entities. Three countries – Australia, the Bahamas, and Dominica – have the official title \"Commonwealth\", as do four U.S. states and two U.S. territories. Since the early 20th century, the term has been used to name some fraternal associations of states, most notably the Commonwealth of Nations, an organisation primarily of former territories of the British Empire. It is also used in the translation for the organisation made up of formerly Soviet states, the Commonwealth of Independent States. Informerly, by analogy to the Commonwealth of Nations, the French-influenced post-colonial Organisation internationale de la Francophonie is sometimes referred to in the English language as the \"French Commonwealth\", although the organisation itself never uses the term."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# The Queen's Official Birthday, or the King's Official Birthday, is the selected day in some Commonwealth realms on which the birthday of the monarch is officially celebrated in those countries. It does not necessarily correspond to the date of the monarch's actual birth.\n\n[King's Official Birthday - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%27s_Official_Birthday)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "The only people that give a damn about the Queen are the poms. Personally I'm sick and tired of all these \"public holidays\" that close everything down. I badly needed medication this year and for some reason, some bright spark thought it would be funny to close down all pharmacies for her \"future\" or \"past\" birthday. \n\nI mean are we not a democracy? Is EVERYONE equal or not? I don't see people closing shit down for my birthday. How freakin negligent can you be? Let's close down essential services because some antiquated old tart is getting older. Australia no longer has need for a Monarch that does absolutely nothing to improve the world in her lofty position.", "name": "Ricardo"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Moaning that bank holidays exist? Bit weird mate.", "name": "Gabriella"}]

qcy179

t5_2umfr

lulu_in_hollywood

hhj63ot

[{"role": "system", "content": "Gef ( JEF), also referred to as the Talking Mongoose or the Dalby Spook, was an allegedly talking mongoose which was claimed to inhabit a farmhouse owned by the Irving family. The Irvings' farm was located at Cashen's Gap near the hamlet of Dalby on the Isle of Man. The story was given extensive coverage by the tabloid press in Britain in the early 1930s. The Irvings' claims gained the attention of parapsychologists and ghost hunters, such as Harry Price, Hereward Carrington, and Nandor Fodor. Some investigators of the era as well as contemporary critics have concluded that the phenomenon was a hoax that the Irving family perpetuated by using ventriloquism."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Gef, also referred to as the Talking Mongoose or the Dalby Spook, was the name given to an allegedly talking mongoose which was claimed to inhabit a farmhouse owned by the Irving family.\n\n[Gef - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gef)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "honk honk!", "name": "Delaney"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Hail yourself, I came here to say that and you beat me to it!!", "name": "Kimberly"}]

f8j877

t5_2qh3b

Sanlear

fimfigu

[{"role": "system", "content": "The St Scholastica Day riot took place in Oxford, Kingdom of England, on 10 February 1355, Saint Scholastica's Day. The disturbance began when two students from the University of Oxford complained about the quality of wine served to them in the Swindlestock Tavern, which stood on Carfax, in the centre of the town. The students quarrelled with the taverner; the argument quickly escalated to blows. The inn's customers joined in on both sides, and the resulting melee turned into a riot. The violence started by the bar brawl continued over three days, with armed gangs coming in from the countryside to assist the townspeople. University halls and students' accommodation were raided and the inhabitants murdered; there were some reports of clerics being scalped. Around 30 townsfolk were killed, as were up to 63 members of the university.\nViolent disagreements between townspeople and students had arisen several times previously, and 12 of the 29 coroners' courts held in Oxford between 1297 and 1322 concerned murders by students. The University of Cambridge was established in 1209 by scholars who left Oxford following the lynching of two students by the town's citizens.\nKing Edward III sent judges to the town with commissions of oyer and terminer to determine what had gone on and to advise what steps should be taken. He came down on the side of the university authorities, who were given additional powers and responsibilities to the disadvantage of the town's authorities. The town was fined 500 marks and its mayor and bailiffs were sent to the Marshalsea prison in London. John Gynwell, the Bishop of Lincoln, imposed an interdict on the town for one year, which banned all religious practices, including services (except on key feast days), burials and marriages; only baptisms of young children were allowed.\nAn annual penance was imposed on the town: each year, on St Scholastica's Day, the mayor, bailiffs and sixty townspeople were to attend a Mass at the University Church of St Mary the Virgin for those killed; the town was also made to pay the university a fine of one penny for each scholar killed. The practice was dropped in 1825; in 1955—the 600th anniversary of the riots—in an act of conciliation the mayor was given an honorary degree and the vice-chancellor was made an honorary freeman of the city."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# On 10 February 1335, two Oxford University students complained to the bartender of the Swindlestock Tavern about the quality of wine served. The argument turned into a brawl which escalated into a riot that lasted over three days, killing around 30 townsfolk and 63 members of the university.\n\n[St Scholastica Day riot - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Scholastica_Day_riot)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Seems like an overreaction", "name": "Omar"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Usually such events are the result of long-stewed hatred that only needed a push to erupt into violence. Town and gown were old enemies for various reasons.", "name": "Raymond"}]

x9upr3

t5_2qh3b

blankblank

inqpzso

[{"role": "system", "content": "Queerbaiting is a marketing technique for fiction and entertainment in which creators hint at, but do not depict, same-sex romance or other LGBTQ+ representation. The purpose of this method is to attract (\"bait\") a queer or straight ally audience with the suggestion or possibility of relationships or characters that appeal to them, while not alienating homophobic members of the audience or censors by actually portraying queer relationships. \nQueerbaiting has been observed in popular culture and fiction such as films, television series, books, music, ads, various forms of media, but also in celebrities who convey an ambiguous sexual identity through their works and statements. The term arose in and has been popularized through discussions in Internet fandom since the early 2010s. It comes from a larger history of LGBTQ+ discourse in media representation dating back to the 1970s from subtle marketing to LGBTQ+ people through commercials and books."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Queerbaiting is a marketing technique in entertainment in which creators hint at, but then do not actually depict, LGBT representation to attract a queer audience while attempting to avoid displeasing other consumers.\n\n[Queerbaiting - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queerbaiting)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Harry Styles", "name": "Kimberly"}, {"role": "user", "content": "How can a real person be queerbaiting? He's allowed to be whoever he is regardless of if it fits what someone else perceives as a stereotype of gay/straight/redneck/alien/whatever. Please help me understand what you mean here", "name": "Leonardo"}]

129avnd

t5_7811nr

slinkslowdown

jeowpzk

[{"role": "system", "content": "Sex with Hitler is a 2022 pornographic isometric shooter visual novel video game developed by Romantic Room, wherein the player takes control of Adolf Hitler, dictator of Nazi Germany, and is tasked with dating four women of various ethnicities. The game received generally negative reviews, with critics disputing the game's portrayal of Hitler as having two testicles, as well as deeming it poorly animated and un-erotic."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Sex with Hitler is a 2022 pornographic isometric shooter visual novel video game developed by Romantic Room, wherein the player takes control of Adolf Hitler, dictator of Nazi Germany, and is tasked with dating four women of various ethnicities.\n\n[Sex with Hitler - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_with_Hitler)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "If you think this is bad, homo erotic nazi fan fiction exists on the Internet.", "name": "Jayla"}]

za68bx

t5_7811nr

slinkslowdown

iykcd1p

[{"role": "system", "content": "Jasper Orlando Slingsby Duncombe, 7th Baron Feversham, (born 14 March 1968), also known as The Porn Baron, is a British nobleman and producer of pornographic films."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Jasper Orlando Slingsby Duncombe, 7th Baron Feversham, (born 14 March 1968), also known as The Porn Baron, is a British nobleman and producer of pornographic films.\n\n[Jasper Duncombe, 7th Baron Feversham - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasper_Duncombe,_7th_Baron_Feversham)"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": ">After serving three years in prison for attempted robbery while high on cocaine, he founded the pornographic film companies Tongue in Cheek and Relish XXX, the latter of which sells titles to National Health Service fertility clinics and sperm banks. They also install vending machines with VHS cassettes and DVDs in pub bathrooms."}]

l6ep6w

t5_2qh3b

the_letter_777

gl0igzd

[{"role": "system", "content": "In January 2021, a short squeeze of the stock of the American video game retailer GameStop and other securities took place, causing major financial consequences for certain hedge funds and large losses for short sellers. Approximately 140 percent of GameStop's public float had been sold short, and the rush to buy shares to cover those positions as the price rose caused it to rise even further. The short squeeze was initially and primarily triggered by users of the subreddit r/wallstreetbets, an Internet forum on the social news website Reddit, although a number of hedge funds also participated. At its height, on January 28, the short squeeze caused the retailer's stock price to reach a pre-market value of over US$500 per share ($125 split-adjusted), nearly 30 times the $17.25 valuation at the beginning of the month. The price of many other heavily shorted securities and cryptocurrencies also increased.\nOn January 28, some brokerages, particularly app-based brokerage services such as Robinhood, halted the buying of GameStop and other securities, citing the next day their inability to post sufficient collateral at clearing houses to execute their clients' orders. This decision attracted criticism and accusations of market manipulation from prominent politicians and businesspeople from across the political spectrum. Dozens of class action lawsuits have been filed against Robinhood in U.S. courts, and the U.S. House Committee on Financial Services held a congressional hearing on the incident.\nThe unusually high price and volatility continued after the peak in late January. On February 24, the GameStop stock price doubled within a 90-minute period, and then averaged in the neighborhood of $200 per share for another month. On March 24, the GameStop stock price fell 34 percent to $120.34 per share after earnings were released and the company announced plans for issuing a new secondary stock offering. On March 25, the stock recovered dramatically, rising by 53 percent."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# The GameStop short squeeze is an ongoing short squeeze of GameStop and numerous other securities traded on the New York Stock Exchange and the NASDAQ, caused by users of the subreddit r/WallStreetBets and other online trading forums.\n\n[GameStop short squeeze - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GameStop_short_squeeze)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "As someone who knows nothing about the stock market, is there a good article somewhere out there explaining the situation?", "name": "Gavin"}, {"role": "user", "content": "There was a big hedgefund shorting (creating pressure in the negative direction) the stock.\n\nA bunch of stonk bois in Reddit overturned that pressure with rocket emojis and caused the hedgefund to step-out with a $1.5billion dollar loss.\n\nThe removal of the negative pressure and the constant bubbling and media attention has caused the stock to blow up in price.\n\nEDIT: Thank you for the award!", "name": "Grace"}]

lozkj6

t5_2qh3b

nobelprizeinmedicine

go8smii

[{"role": "assistant", "content": "# Ettore Majorana was an Italian theoretical physicist who worked on neutrino masses. Widely regarded as a genius, he disappeared under mysterious circumstances while going by ship from Palermo to Naples on 25 March 1938.\n\n[Ettore Majorana - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ettore_Majorana?wprov=sfti1)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "1938 Italy? Most likely the Nazis disappeared him. /s\n\nAdded /s because I realize this is highly unlikely. Dude probably jumped overboard on his own.", "name": "Jacob"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Extremely unlikely. The boring truth is that 99% of the time that a young man with serious physical & mental health problems, who is discouraged about his career, who has been in seclusion for years and who has cleared out his bank account while writing ominous notes about disappearing, and who then disappears at sea, has simply drowned himself and the body not been successfully identified (assuming it was ever found by anyone), which is quite common in a sea. (The remaining 1% of the time he was murdered or in an accident of some sort.) Why people are so interested in Majorana when it's so obvious, I've never really understood.\n\nPeople want to believe that the last czarina had a body double or that Andy Kaufman is in hiding in Mexico or something, because it's so romantic and cool - but it never happens. It would require extraordinary evidence, like DNA testing, before any of these exotic hypotheses like fleeing for South America or Nazi special ops were at all credible. \n\n(The Nazi suggestion particularly makes no sense: what motive would they have to assassinate and then cover up the assassination of an obscure apparently-failed professor of theoretical physics in an allied state, in peacetime, when the existence of nuclear fission had not even been discovered - much less any half-hearted Nazi nuclear bomb program begun? And how would this have escaped all subsequent intensive study of a heavily bureaucratic & memoir-ized state like Nazi Germany?)", "name": "Alexandria"}]

kjrttb

t5_2umfr

Talysin

ggz2mvb

[{"role": "system", "content": "The Voynich manuscript is an illustrated codex, hand-written in an unknown script referred to as 'Voynichese.' The vellum on which it is written has been carbon-dated to the early 15th century (1404–1438). Stylistic analysis has indicated the manuscript may have been composed in Italy during the Italian Renaissance. While the origins, authorship, and purpose of the manuscript are still debated, hypotheses range from a script for a natural language or constructed language, an unread code, cypher, or other form of cryptography, or perhaps a hoax, reference work (i.e. folkloric index or compendium), or work of fiction (e.g. science fantasy or mythopoeia, metafiction, speculative fiction) currently lacking the translation(s) and context needed to both properly entertain or eliminate any of these possibilities.\nThe manuscript consists of around 240 pages, but there is evidence that pages are missing. The text is written from left to right, and some pages are foldable sheets of varying sizes. Most of the pages have fantastical illustrations and diagrams, some crudely coloured, with sections of the manuscript showing people, fictitious plants, astrological symbols, etc. The manuscript is named after Wilfrid Voynich, a Polish book dealer who purchased it in 1912. Since 1969, it has been held in Yale University's Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library. In 2020, Yale University published the manuscript online in its entirety in their digital library.The Voynich manuscript has been studied by both professional and amateur cryptographers, including American and British codebreakers from both World War I and World War II. Codebreakers Prescott Currier, William Friedman, Elizebeth Friedman, and John Tiltman were unsuccessful.The manuscript has never been demonstrably deciphered, and none of the proposed hypotheses have been independently verified. The mystery of its meaning and origin has excited speculation and provoked study."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# The Voynich Manuscript - a mysterious book written in an unknown language cataloging strange, unknown plants.\n\n[Voynich manuscript - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voynich_manuscript)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Finally something that befits the sub. I'm tired of all the murder posts."}, {"role": "user", "content": "r/NonMurderMysteries", "name": "Elijah"}]

g24dsq

t5_2qh3b

blankblank

fnkhz7m

[{"role": "system", "content": "Hopkinton is the name of several places in the United States:\n\nHopkinton, Iowa\nHopkinton, Massachusetts, a New England town\nHopkinton (CDP), Massachusetts, the main village in the town\nHopkinton, New Hampshire\nHopkinton, New York\nHopkinton, Rhode Island, a New England town\nHopkinton (CDP), Rhode Island, a village in the town\n\nEmily was a cow (Bos taurus) who escaped from a slaughterhouse in Hopkinton, Massachusetts, by jumping a gate and wandered for 40 days eluding capture. She found lasting refuge at \"Peace Abbey\" in Sherborn, Massachusetts, until her death in 2003. During her 8 years' stay in the abbey, the cow became a figurehead of animal rights and a meat-free diet.\nThe \"Sacred Cow Animal Rights Memorial\" was built on her grave with a life-sized statue of her."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Emily was a cow that escaped from a slaughterhouse in Hopkinton, Massachusetts. It was said that townspeople helped her evade capture, and the local newspaper reported that she was seen running with a herd of deer.\n\n[Emily (cow) - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_(cow))"}, {"role": "user", "content": "The idea of a cow blending in with a herd of deer is hilarious and heartwarming as well.", "name": "Leonardo"}, {"role": "user", "content": "That is a THICC deer", "name": "Danielle"}]

g8wcd

t5_2qh3b

PhnomPencil

c1lt4zo

[{"role": "system", "content": "1 (one, unit, unity) is a number representing a single or the only entity. 1 is also a numerical digit and represents a single unit of counting or measurement. For example, a line segment of unit length is a line segment of length 1. In conventions of sign where zero is considered neither positive nor negative, 1 is the first and smallest positive integer. It is also sometimes considered the first of the infinite sequence of natural numbers, followed by 2, although by other definitions 1 is the second natural number, following 0.\nThe fundamental mathematical property of 1 is to be a multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. Most if not all properties of 1 can be deduced from this. In advanced mathematics, a multiplicative identity is often denoted 1, even if it is not a number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number; this was not universally accepted until the mid-20th century. Additionally, 1 is the smallest possible difference between two distinct natural numbers.\nThe unique mathematical properties of the number have led to its unique uses in other fields, ranging from science to sports. It commonly denotes the first, leading, or top thing in a group.\n\nSaudi Aramco (Arabic: أرامكو السعودية ʾArāmkū as-Suʿūdiyyah), officially the Saudi Arabian Oil Group or simply Aramco (formerly Arabian-American Oil Company), is a state-owned petroleum and natural gas company that is the national oil company of Saudi Arabia. As of 2022, it is the second-largest company in the world by revenue and is headquartered in Dhahran. It has repeatedly achieved the largest annual profits in global corporate history. Saudi Aramco has both the world's second-largest proven crude oil reserves, at more than 270 billion barrels (43 billion cubic metres), and largest daily oil production of all oil-producing companies.Saudi Aramco operates the world's largest single hydrocarbon network, the Master Gas System. In 2013, its crude oil production total was 3.4 billion barrels (540 million cubic metres), and it manages over one hundred oil and gas fields in Saudi Arabia, including 288.4 trillion standard cubic feet (scf) of natural gas reserves. Along the Eastern Province, Saudi Aramco most notably operates the Ghawar Field (the world's largest onshore oil field) and the Safaniya Field (the world's largest offshore oil field).On 11 December 2019, the company's shares commenced trading on the Tadawul stock exchange. The shares rose to 35.2 Saudi riyals, giving it a market capitalization of about US$1.88 trillion, and surpassed the US$2 trillion mark on the second day of trading. In the 2023 Forbes Global 2000, Saudi Aramco was ranked as the second-largest public company in the world."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# I'll bet you one vote you can't name the world's most valuable company. Be honest.\n\n[Saudi Aramco - Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Aramco)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Saudi Aramco. Now hand over that vote.", "name": "Adam"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "There ya go."}]

y0xlem

t5_2umfr

_corleone_x

irwyxb4

[{"role": "system", "content": "Victor of Aveyron (French: Victor de l'Aveyron; c. 1788 – 1828) was a French feral child who was found around the age of 9. Not only is he considered one of the most famous feral children, but his case is also the most documented case of a feral child. Upon his discovery, he was captured multiple times, running away from civilization approximately eight times. Eventually, his case was taken up by a young physician, Jean Marc Gaspard Itard, who worked with the boy for five years and gave him his name, Victor. Itard was interested in determining what Victor could learn. He devised procedures to teach the boy words and recorded his progress. Based on his work with Victor, Itard broke new ground in the education of the developmentally delayed."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Victor of Aveyron. A 'feral child' found at age 9. It's speculated that he was actually autistic and that his parents abandoned him.\n\n[Victor of Aveyron - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_of_Aveyron)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I can't help but assume 90% of this information is just BS. \n\n>He removed the boy's clothing and led him outside into the snow, where, far from being upset, Victor began to frolic about in the nude, showing Bonnaterre that he was clearly accustomed to exposure and cold.\n\nReally? People who live in cold climates wear heavy clothes. Take a person accustomed to living in cold climates and lead them outside naked and see if they frolic lol. \n\nHis constant returning to the wild, to my uneducated guess, appears more systematic of abuse from adults than a desire to live in solidarity or with animals. People live in the wild due to no choice. When presented with choices, people choose non-wild nearly every time. \n\nHe appears more of a pawn to either get rich or prove the theory of enlightenment.", "name": "Sierra"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "I don't think it's necessarily bullshit, if he was autistic it's possible he felt clothes were uncomfortable due to sensory reasons, which is a common autism trait. But I agree that his attempts to return to the wild were probably a reaction to trauma. It's very likely his biological parents physically abused him, and he didn't trust adults as a result.\n\nI think that the guy that took care of him said something along the lines of him being born with an intellectual disability (in less politically correct terms), and there was some mention of it being rumoured at the time who his biological family was, so it was something that was even talked about back then."}]

i428ju

t5_2umfr

slinkslowdown

g0flewn

[{"role": "system", "content": "Sneha Anne Philip (October 7, 1969 – legal d. September 11, 2001) was an Indian-American physician who was last seen on September 10, 2001, by a department store surveillance camera near her Lower Manhattan home. She may have returned to the building at some point that night or the next morning. Due to the close proximity of the World Trade Center and her medical training, Philip's family believes she perished trying to help victims of the following day's terrorist attacks.\nTwo investigations were conducted. The first by Ron Lieberman, Philip's husband, and private investigator Ken Gallant, a former FBI agent, initially presumed her disappearance and possible death were unrelated to the attacks but later concluded it was the most likely outcome. An investigation by the New York City Police Department, begun much later, delved into her life leading up to September 11 and found details of marital problems, job difficulties, and alcohol abuse by Philip, as well as a pending misdemeanor charge against her, in the months before her disappearance. This led them to conclude it was just as likely that she had met a different fate, though the report's author testified later that he believed Philip probably died in the attacks.\nLieberman and Philip's family have strongly disputed some of the facts and many of the conclusions of the police report, insinuating that the police did poor work or even fabricated some of their evidence. Philip's family have pointed out that there are many other 9/11 victims whose remains were never found, and other victims who were added to the list despite equally tenuous connections to the attack. No physical evidence has been found to suggest that Philip was killed in the attacks.\nCiting the evidence from the police report, a Surrogate's Court judge had denied her family's petition to have her declared a victim of the attacks, suggesting it was equally possible she may have intentionally disappeared or been murdered by someone she met on her frequent nights out. However, on January 31, 2008, a New York State appeals court overturned a lower-court ruling and declared that Philip had been a victim of the attacks, officially making her the 2,751st victim of the Twin Towers' collapse."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Sneha Anne Philip was an American physician who was last seen on September 10, 2001. One court ruled that she had likely been murdered by someone she knew; another court ruled her a victim of the 9/11 attacks.\n\n[Disappearance of Sneha Anne Philip - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disappearance_of_Sneha_Anne_Philip)"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "Is it wrong that I hope she died trying to give medical help to 9/11 victims? That she died helping victims of a horrific attack instead of being abducted and killed?"}, {"role": "user", "content": "not wrong at all. while unlikely, its a nice thought to imagine her last moments were aiding others.", "name": "Elijah"}]

ocqfed

t5_2qh3b

Igottagitgud

h3wzkwg

[{"role": "system", "content": "Conrad Moffat Black, Baron Black of Crossharbour (born 25 August 1944), is a Canadian and British former newspaper publisher, businessman, and writer.\nBlack's father was businessman George Montegu Black II, who had significant holdings in Canadian manufacturing, retail and media businesses through part-ownership of the holding company Ravelston Corporation. In 1978, two years after their father's death, Conrad and his older brother Montegu took majority control of Ravelston. Over the next seven years, Conrad Black sold off most of their non-media holdings in order to focus on newspaper publishing. Black controlled Hollinger International, once the world's third-largest English-language newspaper empire, which published The Daily Telegraph (UK), Chicago Sun-Times (US), The Jerusalem Post (Israel), National Post (Canada), and hundreds of community newspapers in North America, before controversy erupted over the sale of some of the company's assets.\nHe was granted a peerage in 2001 and because of the Nickle Resolution, which bans British honours for Canadian citizens, gave up his Canadian citizenship in order to accept the title. He regained his Canadian citizenship in 2023.In 2007, he was convicted on four counts of fraud in US District Court in Chicago. While two of the criminal fraud charges were overturned on appeal, a conviction for felony fraud and obstruction of justice was upheld in 2010 and he was re-sentenced to 42 months in prison and a fine of $125,000. In 2019, then-president Donald Trump granted him a presidential pardon.Black is a longtime columnist and author, including having written a column for the National Post since he founded it in 1998. He has written eleven books, mostly in the fields of Canadian and American history, including biographies of Quebec premier Maurice Duplessis and US presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt, Richard Nixon and Donald Trump, as well as two memoirs. He has also hosted two interview shows on the Canadian cable network VisionTV. He is a political conservative, and belonged to the UK's Conservative Party, but also has some idiosyncratic views, including his support for Roosevelt's New Deal."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Conrad Black, Bilderberg member and serial fraudster, was convicted in 2007, but pardoned by Donald Trump in 2019 after writing a flattering biography of the president.\n\n[Conrad Black - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad_Black)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "All this sub is anymore are posts of people trying to imply that Republicans/Trump/Americans are bad. It's getting really obnoxious."}, {"role": "user", "content": "Yeah, the extent of their crimes against America, foreign civilians, and our planet are mega obnoxious."}, {"role": "user", "content": "I somehow doubt that articles about Obamas warcrimes would have nearly as much traction in this sub.", "name": "Adrianna"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Or maybe Trump's transgressions are far more egregious", "name": "Zoe"}]

16wyn8r

t5_2qh3b

picturamundi

k30ilrq

[{"role": "system", "content": "The Toyota War (Arabic: حرب التويوتا, romanized: Ḥarb al-Tūyūtā, French: Guerre des Toyota) or Great Toyota War, which took place in 1987 in Northern Chad and on the Chad–Libya border, was the last phase of the Chadian–Libyan conflict. It takes its name from the Toyota pickup trucks, primarily the Toyota Hilux and the Toyota Land Cruiser, used to provide mobility for the Chadian troops as they fought against the Libyans, and as technicals. The 1987 war resulted in a heavy defeat for Libya, which, according to American sources, lost one tenth of its army, with 7,500 men killed and US$1.5 billion worth of military equipment destroyed or captured. Chadian forces only suffered 1,000 deaths.The war began with the Libyan occupation of northern Chad in 1983, when Libya's leader Muammar Gaddafi, refusing to recognise the legitimacy of the Chadian President Hissène Habré, militarily supported the attempt by the opposition Transitional Government of National Unity (GUNT) to overthrow Habré. The plan was foiled by the intervention of France which, first with Operation Manta and later with Operation Epervier, limited Libyan expansion to north of the 16th parallel, in the most arid and sparsely inhabited part of Chad.In 1986 the GUNT rebelled against Gaddafi, stripping Libya of its main cover of legitimacy for its military presence in Chad. Seeing an occasion to unify Chad behind him, Habré ordered his forces to pass the 16th parallel so as to link up with the GUNT rebels (who were fighting the Libyans in Tibesti) in December. A few weeks later a bigger force struck at Fada, destroying the local Libyan garrison. In three months, combining methods of guerilla and conventional warfare in a common strategy, Habré was able to retake almost all of northern Chad, and in the following months, inflicted new heavy defeats on the Libyans, until a ceasefire putting an end to the conflict was signed in September. The ceasefire left open the issue of the disputed Aouzou Strip, which was eventually assigned to Chad by the International Court of Justice in 1994."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# The \"Toyota War\" was an international military conflict during which the Chadian army warded off Gaddafi's tank-equipped Libyan invasion with one of the first large scale uses of civilian technicals (Toyota Land Cruisers with heavy weaponry mounted to them). Chad won.\n\n[Toyota War - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_War)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "was it really the Toyotas that won the war, or was it rather the French MILAN Anti-Tank Guided Missile Launchers that they were equipped with ...", "name": "Luke"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "Let's be honest: whether MILANs or Land Cruisers the latter having been bought with American money this is the Cold War era, and Gaddafi's enemy was funded by the West.\n\nStill, I believe it was specifically the Chadian military that made the call to request the US use funds to buy Land Cruisers, rather than more expensive military vehicles. They knew that, especially with an army that was used to tribal cavalry warfare, not conventional wars, this was the best bang for your buck strategic decision they could make. It was prophetic, given what the technical has become\n\nOne example of why light unconventional, cheap, light-weight, highly maneuverable vehicles were key in this war: at the battle of Ouadi Doum, the Chadian army figured out that the Land Cruisers were light enough to not set off mines when driven above a certain speed, which was a game changer in that pivotal battle."}]

12usvcd

t5_7811nr

ICantLeafYou

jhbpeke

[{"role": "system", "content": "A French postcard is a small, postcard-sized piece of cardstock featuring a photograph of a nude or semi-nude woman. Such erotic cards were produced in great volume, primarily in France, in the late 19th and early 20th century. The term was adopted in the United States, where such cards were not legally made. The cards were sold as postcards, but the primary purpose was not for sending by mail, as they would have been banned from delivery. The cards sometimes even depicted naked lesbians. French street vendors, tobacco shops and a variety of other vendors bought the photographs for resale to tourists."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# A French postcard is a small, postcard-sized piece of cardstock featuring a photograph of a nude or semi-nude woman. Such erotic cards were produced in great volume, primarily in France, in the late 19th and early 20th century.\n\n[French postcard - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_postcard)"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": ">The cards were sold as postcards, but the primary purpose was not for sending by mail, as they would have been banned from delivery. The cards sometimes even depicted naked lesbians."}, {"role": "user", "content": "And they were postcardmates!", "name": "Jack"}]

lbn0sp

t5_2qh3b

slinkslowdown

glvp4i4

[{"role": "assistant", "content": "# \"Let's trim our hair in accordance with the socialist lifestyle\" is a television program that was part of a North Korean government propaganda campaign promulgating grooming and dress standards in 20042005.\n\n[Let's trim our hair in accordance with the socialist lifestyle - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let%27s_trim_our_hair_in_accordance_with_the_socialist_lifestyle)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Make fun of a bad translation of a television programs title all you want, your high school dress code is 70 pages long.", "name": "Brittany"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I've yet to have a conversation about school uniform that didn't feel vaguely North Korean", "name": "Katie"}]

di80ip

t5_2qh3b

Tokyono

f3v0k6h

[{"role": "system", "content": "The All-Joking, All-Drunken Synod of Fools and Jesters (1692–1725) was a club founded by Peter I of Russia. The group included many of Peter's closest friends, and its activities centered mostly around drinking and reveling. The group was not without controversies; some of its parodies against the Russian Orthodox Church in particular were heavily criticized."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Peter the Great of Russia loved partying so much, that he started a club called The All-Joking, All-Drunken Synod of Fools and Jesters. It started as a group of 80-200 men, and grew to more than 1,500 men as the parties got bigger and bigger. They got in trouble for mocking the Church.\n\n[The All-Joking, All-Drunken Synod of Fools and Jesters - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_All-Joking,_All-Drunken_Synod_of_Fools_and_Jesters)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Why was he known as great? I wonder what this guy did during work hours", "name": "Xavier"}, {"role": "user", "content": "He westernized russia", "name": "Rylee"}]

s4u62d

t5_2umfr

bethel1998

hsuk8ro

[{"role": "system", "content": "Otto Frederick Warmbier (December 12, 1994 – June 19, 2017) was an American college student who was imprisoned in North Korea in 2016 on a charge of subversion. In June 2017, he was released by North Korea in a vegetative state and died soon after his parents requested his feeding tube be removed.\nWarmbier entered North Korea as part of a guided tour group on December 29, 2015. On January 2, 2016, he was arrested at Pyongyang International Airport while awaiting departure from the country. He was convicted of attempting to steal a propaganda poster from his hotel, for which he was sentenced to 15 years of imprisonment with hard labor.Shortly after his sentencing in March 2016, Warmbier suffered a severe neurological injury from an unconfirmed cause and fell into a coma, which lasted until his death. North Korean authorities did not disclose his medical condition until June 2017, when they announced he had fallen into a coma as a result of botulism and a sleeping pill. He was freed later that month, still in a comatose state after 17 months in captivity. He was repatriated to the United States and arrived in Cincinnati, Ohio, on June 13, 2017. He was taken to the University of Cincinnati Medical Center for immediate evaluation and treatment.\nWarmbier never regained consciousness and died on June 19, 2017, six days after his return to the United States when his parents requested his feeding tube be removed. A coroner's report stated that he died from an unknown injury causing lack of oxygen to the brain. Non-invasive internal scans did not find any signs of fractures to his skull.In 2018, a U.S. federal court found the North Korean government liable for Warmbier's torture and death, in a default judgment in favor of Warmbier's parents after North Korea did not contest the case."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Otto Warmbier was an American student who was imprisoned by North Korea in 2016. In 2017, he was released in a vegetative state and died soon after.\n\n[Otto Warmbier - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Warmbier)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "You know that moment when you drop your phone or something and it breaks, and how you feel so stupid and want to go back in time because it would have been easily preventable with the info you now have? Imagine that but with your entire life. Tragic and honestly just scary how a couple of decisions can ruin an entire life.", "name": "Brian"}, {"role": "user", "content": "That sinking feeling in your stomach when its like oh no what can I do to fix and you are scrambling but theres nothing. God the thoughts that mustve been going through his head", "name": "Christina"}]

ya8g4a

t5_7811nr

ICantLeafYou

itb48ua

[{"role": "system", "content": "Dinosaur erotica, part of the larger genre of monster erotica, is a subgenre of erotic literature that involves sexual encounters between humans and non-avian dinosaurs. Works include titles such as Taken by the T-Rex, Ravished by Triceratops and A Billionaire Dinosaur Forced Me Gay. Despite being called by some in the media \"the Kardashian of erotica,\" the genre's titles have generated sales and media interest."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Dinosaur erotica is a subgenre of erotic literature that involves sexual encounters between humans and non-avian dinosaurs. Works include titles such as \"Taken by the T-Rex\", \"Ravished by Triceratops\", and \"A Billionaire Dinosaur Forced Me Gay\".\n\n[Dinosaur erotica - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinosaur_erotica)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "A genre that was truly revolutionized by luminary author and Hugo Award nominee Chuck Tingle.", "name": "Cooper"}]

qr1ywp

t5_2qh3b

biohackable_gal

hk4dkq8

[{"role": "system", "content": "Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich until 1943, later the Greater German Reich, is the term used by historians to describe the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship. The Third Reich, meaning \"Third Realm\" or \"Third Empire\", referred to the Nazi claim that Nazi Germany was the successor to the earlier Holy Roman Empire (800–1806) and German Empire (1871–1918). The Third Reich, which the Nazis referred to as the Thousand-Year Reich, ended in May 1945, after only 12 years, when the Allies defeated Germany and entered the capital, Berlin, ending World War II in Europe.\nAfter Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany by the President of the Weimar Republic Paul von Hindenburg on 30 January 1933, the Nazi Party began to eliminate political opposition and consolidate power. Hindenburg died on 2 August 1934, and Hitler became dictator by merging the powers of the chancellery and presidency. A 1934 German referendum confirmed Hitler as sole Führer (leader). Power was centralised in Hitler's person, and his word became the highest law. The government was not a coordinated, cooperating body, but rather a collection of factions struggling to amass power. In the midst of the Great Depression, the Nazis restored economic stability and ended mass unemployment using heavy military spending. Financed by deficit spending, the regime undertook extensive public works projects, including the Autobahnen (motorways) and a massive secret rearmament program, forming the Wehrmacht (armed forces). The return to economic stability boosted the regime's popularity. Germany made increasingly aggressive territorial demands, threatening war if they were not met. Germany seized Austria in the Anschluss of 1938, and demanded and received the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia. Germany signed a non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union and invaded Poland on 1 September 1939, launching World War II in Europe. In alliance with Italy and other Axis powers, Germany conquered most of Europe by 1940 and threatened Great Britain.\nRacism, Nazi eugenics, anti-Slavism, and especially antisemitism were central ideological features of the regime. The Germanic peoples were considered by the Nazis to be the \"master race\", the purest branch of the Aryan race. Jews, Romani people, Slavs, homosexuals, liberals, socialists, communists, other political opponents, Jehovah Witnesses, those who refused to work, and other \"undesirables\" were imprisoned, exiled, or murdered. Christian churches and citizens that opposed Hitler's rule were oppressed and leaders imprisoned. Education focused on racial biology, population policy, and fitness for military service. Career and educational opportunities for women were curtailed. Nazi Propaganda Ministry disseminated films, antisemitic canards, and organized mass rallies; fostering a pervasive cult of personality around Adolf Hitler to influence public opinion. The government controlled artistic expression, promoting specific art forms and banning or discouraging others. Genocide, mass murder, and large-scale forced labour became hallmarks of the regime; the implementation of the regime's racial policies culminated in the Holocaust.\nAfter the initial success of German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, Nazi Germany attempted to implement the Generalplan Ost and Hunger Plan, as part of its war of extermination in Eastern Europe. The Soviet resurgence and entry of the US into the war meant Germany lost the initiative in 1943, and by late 1944 had been pushed back to the 1939 border. Large-scale aerial bombing of Germany escalated and the Axis powers were driven back in Eastern and Southern Europe. After the Allied invasion of France, Germany was conquered by the Soviet Union from the east and the other Allies from the west, and capitulated on 8 May 1945. Hitler's refusal to admit defeat led to massive destruction of German infrastructure and additional war-related deaths in the closing months of the war. The Allies initiated a policy of denazification and put many of the surviving Nazi leadership on trial for war crimes at the Nuremberg trials.\n\nThe Madagascar Plan was a plan proposed by the Nazi German government to forcibly relocate the Jewish population of Europe to the island of Madagascar. Franz Rademacher, head of the Jewish Department of the German Foreign Office, proposed the idea in June 1940, shortly before the Fall of France. The proposal called for the handing over of control of Madagascar, then a French colony, to Germany as part of the eventual peace terms.\nThe idea of re-settling Polish Jews to Madagascar was investigated by the Polish government in 1937, but the task force sent to evaluate the island's potential determined that only 5,000 to 7,000 families could be accommodated, or even as few as 500 families by some estimates. As the efforts by the Nazis to encourage the emigration of the Jewish population of Germany before World War II were only partially successful, the idea of deporting Jews to Madagascar was revived by the Nazi government in 1940.\nRademacher recommended on 3 June 1940 that Madagascar should be made available as a destination for the Jews of Europe. With Adolf Hitler's approval, Adolf Eichmann released a memorandum on 15 August 1940 calling for the resettlement of a million Jews per year for four years, with the island being governed as a police state under the SS. They assumed that many Jews would succumb to its harsh conditions should the plan be implemented. The plan was not viable when proposed due to the British naval blockade. It was postponed after the Nazis lost the Battle of Britain in September 1940, and it was permanently shelved in 1942 with the commencement of the Final Solution, the policy of systematic genocide of Jews, towards which it had functioned as an important psychological step."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# The Third Reich were very close to initiating a plan to forcibly relocate 4 million Jewish people to Madagascar, governing it as an SS police state. After the loss in the Battle of Britain, the plan was determined to have become unviable, and the final solution was put into motion instead.\n\n[Madagascar Plan - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar_Plan)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "[deleted]"}, {"role": "user", "content": "The level of delusion in Nazi Germany cannot be overstated. They were not operating from a position of rationality on most fronts.", "name": "Makayla"}]

ycrdkq

t5_7811nr

slinkslowdown

ito44ov

[{"role": "system", "content": "Cock rock is a description of rock music that emphasizes an aggressive form of male sexuality. The style developed in the later 1960s, came to prominence in the 1970s and 1980s, and continues into the present day."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Cock rock is a genre of rock music that emphasizes an aggressive form of male sexuality. The style developed in the later 1960s, came to prominence in the 1970s and 1980s, and continues into the present day.\n\n[Cock rock - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cock_rock)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I'm in my 30s, I'm a huge rock & metal fan, & I've heard my different genres, sub-genres, & cross-genres, but this is the first time I've heard of Cock Rock.", "name": "Maya"}]

ohvvmx

t5_2qh3b

oneultralamewhiteboy

h4sijqu

[{"role": "system", "content": "Heather Bresch (née Manchin; born June 27, 1969) is an American business executive. In 2012, she was named as the chief executive officer (CEO) of Netherlands-based pharmaceutical company Mylan, becoming the first woman to run a Fortune 500 pharmaceutical company. Bresch retired in 2020, upon the closing of Mylan’s combination with Upjohn. Bresch has been a central figure in two controversies: a 2007 accusation of inflating her resume with an unearned MBA degree, and as the CEO of Mylan during the 2016 controversy over pricing of the company's EpiPen products. In 2015, she was listed as #22 in Fortune magazine's “Most Powerful Women” list.Bresch is the daughter of former West Virginia Governor and current U.S. Senator Joe Manchin."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Heather Bresch, CEO of Mylan that increased the price of EpiPens by 461 percent, from about $100 for a package of two pens to about $600. Also the daughter of Sen. Joe Manchin.\n\n[Heather Bresch - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heather_Bresch)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "What a gross piece of shit.", "name": "Fernando"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I wonder how many preventable human deaths she caused in the name of profit.", "name": "Cameron"}]

ggsaze

t5_2umfr

DrCrazy98

fq4lksz

[{"role": "system", "content": "Childs Play [sic] was a child pornography website on the darknet that operated from April 2016 to September 2017, which at its peak was the largest of its class. The site was concealed by being run as a hidden service on the Tor network. After running the site for the first six months, owner Benjamin Faulkner of North Bay, Ontario, Canada, was captured by the United States Department of Homeland Security. For the remaining eleven months the website was owned and operated by the Australian Queensland Police Service's Task Force Argos, as part of Operation Artemis."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# A notorious darknet child abuse website known as childs play was active from April 2016 to September 2017. Its closure was subsequently followed by the arrests of several site contributors in North America and Australia.\n\n[Childs Play (website) - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childs_Play_(website))"}, {"role": "user", "content": "[deleted]"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Have hope. For every child abuser there are a hundred people trying to make the world a safer, better place.", "name": "Chase"}]

o8ovl0

t5_2qh3b

laviniahyatt81

h36k6w6

[{"role": "system", "content": "The Beatles were an English rock band, active from 1960 until 1970. From 1962 onwards, the band's members were John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. Their break-up is attributed to numerous factors, including: the strain of the Beatlemania phenomenon, the 1967 death of manager Brian Epstein, bandmates' resentment of McCartney's perceived domineering, Lennon's heroin use and his relationship with Yoko Ono, Harrison's increasingly prolific songwriting, the floundering of Apple Corps, the Get Back project (renamed Let It Be in 1970), and managerial disputes.\nDuring the latter half of the 1960s, the members began to assert individual artistic agendas. Their disunity became most evident on 1968's The Beatles (also known as \"the White Album\"), and quarrels and disharmony over musical matters soon permeated their business discussions. Starr left the group for two weeks during the White Album sessions, and Harrison quit for five days during the Get Back rehearsals. Starting in 1969, the group quarreled regarding who should handle their business affairs. McCartney lobbied for entertainment lawyers Lee and John Eastman, but was outvoted by his bandmates in favour of businessman Allen Klein.\nThe final time that the four members recorded together was the session for Abbey Road's \"The End\" on 20 August 1969, a date which also saw further mixing and editing for \"I Want You (She's So Heavy)\"; their final meeting with all four present was two days later at a photo session held at Lennon's Tittenhurst estate. On 20 September, Lennon privately informed his bandmates at a meeting at Apple, without Harrison present, that he was leaving the Beatles, although it was unclear to the other members whether his departure was permanent. On 10 April 1970, McCartney said in a press release that he was no longer working with the group, which sparked a widespread media reaction and worsened the tensions between him and his bandmates. Legal disputes continued long after his announcement, and the dissolution was not formalised until 29 December 1974.\nRumours of a full-fledged reunion persisted throughout the 1970s, as the members occasionally reunited for collaboration, but never with all four simultaneously. Starr's \"I'm the Greatest\" (1973) and Harrison's \"All Those Years Ago\" (1981) are the only tracks that feature three ex-Beatles. After Lennon's murder in 1980, the surviving members reunited for the Anthology project in 1994, using the unfinished Lennon demos \"Free as a Bird\", \"Real Love\", and \"Now and Then\" as the basis for new songs recorded and released as the Beatles, though the latter remained unreleased until 2023."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# even after everything The Beatles accomplished and releasing 12 albums, George Harrison was only 26-years-old when the band split in early 1970\n\n[Break-up of the Beatles - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Break-up_of_the_Beatles#:~:text=Their%20break%2Dup%20was%20a,output%2C%20the%20floundering%20of%20Apple)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "He was only about 15 when he joined The Beatles, filling in on guitar at first.", "name": "Brendan"}, {"role": "user", "content": "At first?", "name": "Kylie"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Fun fact: He eventually joined the band.", "name": "Emma"}]

pm96nm

t5_2qh3b

CurrentRoster

hchy8ur

[{"role": "system", "content": "Betty Ann Ong (Chinese: 鄧月薇, Taishanese Ang4 ngut4 mi3; February 5, 1956 – September 11, 2001) was an American flight attendant who worked for American Airlines and boarded Flight 11, the first airplane hijacked during the September 11 attacks. Ong was the first person to alert authorities to the hijackings taking place that day. Shortly after the hijacking, Ong notified the American Airlines ground crew of the hijacking, staying on the radiophone for 23 minutes to relay vital information that led to the closing of airspace by the FAA, a first in United States history. For this, the 9/11 Commission declared Ong a hero."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Betty Ong was a flight attendant aboard American Airlines Flight 11 who was the first person to alert authorities to the 9/11 hijackings. Ong notified the American Airlines ground crew, staying on the telephone for 25 minutes to relay information that led to the closing of airspace by the FAA.\n\n[Betty Ong - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Ong)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Dang that phone transcript is intense", "name": "Angel"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I played a youtube Air Traffic Control audio earlier in remembrance of the events 20 years ago. It includes the conversation when Nydia Gonzales contacts AAL emergency services to relay what Betty is saying to her. Heartbreaking.\n\nhttps://youtu.be/DYBhgEm3j7A?t=234", "name": "Ariana"}]

lqk930

t5_2qh3b

blue_strat

goi1tpn

[{"role": "system", "content": "Penny dreadfuls were cheap popular serial literature produced during the 19th century in the United Kingdom. The pejorative term is roughly interchangeable with penny horrible, penny awful, and penny blood. The term typically referred to a story published in weekly parts of 8 to 16 pages, each costing one penny. The subject matter of these stories was typically sensational, focusing on the exploits of detectives, criminals, or supernatural entities. First published in the 1830s, penny dreadfuls featured characters such as Sweeney Todd, Dick Turpin, Varney the Vampire, and Spring-heeled Jack.\nThe BBC called penny dreadfuls \"a 19th-century British publishing phenomenon\". By the 1850s, there were up to a hundred publishers of penny-fiction, and in the 1860s and 1870s more than a million boys' periodicals were sold per week. The Guardian described penny dreadfuls as \"Britain's first taste of mass-produced popular culture for the young\", and \"the Victorian equivalent of video games\".While the term \"penny dreadful\" was originally used in reference to a specific type of literature circulating in mid-Victorian Britain, it came to encompass a variety of publications that featured cheap sensational fiction, such as story papers and booklet \"libraries\". The penny dreadfuls were printed on cheap wood pulp paper and were aimed at young working class men. The popularity of penny dreadfuls was challenged in the 1890s by the rise of competing literature, especially the half-penny periodicals published by Alfred Harmsworth."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# \"Penny dreadfuls\" were popular serial stories produced in Britain in the 19th Century. Published in weekly parts, each costing a penny, the subject matter was sensational: exploits of detectives, criminals, or the supernatural. Printed on cheap pulp paper, they were aimed at the young working class.\n\n[Penny dreadful - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_dreadful)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Can I read one of these?", "name": "Crystal"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Yes, you can! They are available in a number of places, but one free place to read them is Project Gutenberg. \n\n[Varney the Vampire](https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/14833)\n\n[String of Pearls](https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/59828) [featuring Sweeney Todd!]\n\n[The Mysteries of London](https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/47312)\n\nJust a heads up, though, in case youre looking for a quick readpenny dreadfuls are often very long running. Black Bess, for instance, went on for several years before concluding.\n\nPenny dreadfuls are sometimes associated with another Victorian genre, sensation fiction. If youre interested in a similar type of story (detective, mystery, murder, wills gone missing, love affairs gone awry, etc.), Id suggest checking out some of the sensation novels. They tend to be far less gorey/violent and more focused on the middle class, though (think less highwayman and more bigamy). Fun ones are The Moonstone and The Woman in White, by Wilkie Collins, and Lady Audleys Secret, by Mary Elizabeth Braddon.", "name": "Rachel"}]

11yggl8

t5_2qh3b

treeharp2

jd8dydb

[{"role": "system", "content": "Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and also known historically as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Indochinese Peninsula. With a population of almost 70 million, it spans 513,120 square kilometres (198,120 sq mi). Thailand is bordered to the northwest by Myanmar, to the northeast by Laos, to the southeast by Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the southwest by the Andaman Sea; it also shares maritime borders with Vietnam to the southeast and Indonesia and India to the southwest. Bangkok is the nation's capital and largest city.\nTai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 6th to 11th centuries. Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon, Khmer Empire, and Malay states ruled the region, competing with Thai states such as the Kingdoms of Ngoenyang, Sukhothai, Lan Na, and Ayutthaya, which also rivalled each other. European contact began in 1511 with a Portuguese diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya, which became a regional power by the end of the 15th century. Ayutthaya reached its peak during the 18th century, until it was destroyed in the Burmese–Siamese War. King Taksin the Great quickly reunified the fragmented territory and established the short-lived Thonburi Kingdom (1767–1782), of which he was the only king. He was succeeded in 1782 by Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (Rama I), the first monarch of the current Chakri dynasty. Throughout the era of Western imperialism in Asia, Siam remained the only nation in the region to avoid colonization by foreign powers, although it was often forced to make territorial, trade, and legal concessions in unequal treaties. The Siamese system of government was centralised and transformed into a modern unitary absolute monarchy during the reign of Chulalongkorn (Rama V). In World War I, Siam sided with the Allies, a political decision made in order to amend the unequal treaties. Following a bloodless revolution in 1932, it became a constitutional monarchy and changed its official name to Thailand, becoming an ally of Japan in World War II. In the late 1950s, a military coup under Field Marshal Sarit Thanarat revived the monarchy's historically influential role in politics. During the Cold War, Thailand became a major ally of the United States and played an anti-communist role in the region as a member of the failed SEATO, but since 1975 it has sought to improve relations with Communist China and Thailand's neighbours.\nApart from a brief period of parliamentary democracy in the mid-1970s and 1990s, Thailand has periodically alternated between democracy and military rule. Since the 2000s, the country has been caught in continual bitter political conflict between supporters and opponents of Thaksin Shinawatra, which resulted in two coups (in 2006 and 2014), along with the establishment of its current constitution, a nominally democratic government after the 2019 Thai general election, and large pro-democracy protests in 2020–2021, which included unprecedented demands to reform the monarchy. Since 2019, it has been nominally a parliamentary constitutional monarchy; in practice, however, structural advantages in the constitution have ensured the military's continued influence in politics.Thailand is a middle power in global affairs and a founding member of ASEAN, and it ranks very high in the Human Development Index. It has the second-largest economy in Southeast Asia and the 23rd-largest in the world by PPP, and it ranks 91st by nominal GDP per capita. Thailand is classified as a newly industrialised economy, with manufacturing, agriculture, and tourism as leading sectors."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# \"A urinal in Thailand with a ribald depiction of female voyeurs\" (from \"Ribaldry\" article)\n\n"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Funny, yes. Just wonder how it would feel if there were a similar set-up in the womens restroom of men looking on that way.", "name": "Cesar"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I suspect it depends more on the context rather than the gender. Regardless of gender, this would inappropriate in an airport bathroom but totally fine in a raunchy bar.", "name": "Carlos"}]

galnpi

t5_2qh3b

DudeAbides101

fp10sjb

[{"role": "system", "content": "Botswana (English: Land of the Tswana; , also UK: ), officially the Republic of Botswana (Setswana: Lefatshe la Botswana, [lɪˈfatsʰɪ la bʊˈtswana]), is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. Botswana is topographically flat, with approximately 70 percent of its territory being the Kalahari Desert. It is bordered by South Africa to the south and southeast, Namibia to the west and north, and Zimbabwe to the northeast. It is connected by the Kazungula Bridge to Zambia, across the world's shortest border between two countries.\nA country of slightly over 2.3 million people, Botswana is one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world. It is essentially the nation state of the Tswana, who make up 79% of the population. About 11.6 per cent of the population lives in the capital and largest city, Gaborone. Formerly one of the world's poorest countries—with a GDP per capita of about US$70 per year in the late 1960s—it has since transformed itself into an upper-middle-income country, with one of the world's fastest-growing economies.Modern-day humans first inhabited the country over 200,000 years ago. The Tswana ethnic group were descended mainly from Bantu-speaking tribes who migrated southward of Africa to modern Botswana around 600 CE, living in tribal enclaves as farmers and herders. In 1885, the British colonised the area and declared a protectorate under the name of Bechuanaland. As decolonisation occurred, Bechuanaland became an independent Commonwealth republic under its current name on 30 September 1966. Since then, it has been a representative republic, with a consistent record of uninterrupted democratic elections and the lowest perceived corruption ranking in Africa since at least 1998, although it is effectively a one-party state, as the Botswana Democratic Party has held majority power ever since it became an independent country.\nThe economy is dominated by mining and tourism. Botswana has a GDP (purchasing power parity) per capita of about $18,113 as of 2021, one of the highest in Sub-Saharan Africa. Botswana is the world's biggest diamond producing country. Its relatively high gross national income per capita (by some estimates the fourth-largest in Africa) gives the country a relatively high standard of living and the third-highest Human Development Index of continental Sub-Saharan Africa (after Gabon and South Africa). Botswana is the first African country to host Forbes 30 Under 30 and the 2017 Netball World Youth Cup.\nBotswana is a member of the Southern African Customs Union, the Southern African Development Community, the Commonwealth of Nations, and the United Nations. The country has been adversely affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. In 2002, Botswana became the first country to offer anti-retroviral drugs (ARVs) to help combat the epidemic. Despite the launch of programs to make treatment available and to educate the populace about the epidemic, the number of people with AIDS rose from 290,000 in 2005 to 320,000 in 2013.: A20  As of 2014, Botswana had the third-highest prevalence rate for HIV/AIDS, with roughly 20% of the population infected. However, in recent years the country has made strides in combatting HIV/AIDS, with efforts being made to provide proper treatment and lower the rate of mother-to-child transmission."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Botswana did not even create a military for ten years after gaining independence. Cross-border incursions from Rhodesia presented an interstate threat, rare in Africa, forcing them to professionalize defense in 1977. Despite this, Botswana is Africa's oldest democracy, never experiencing a coup.\n\n[Botswana - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "They couldn't afford it, so they didn't.\n\nOne of the great counter-studies in the modern doctrine of standing militaries.", "name": "Nevaeh"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Your first sentence sounds dismissive, but it's not like it's unusual for countries to spend more than they can afford on their military.", "name": "Margaret"}]

tsyb82

t5_2umfr

doubtmaskreplica

i2uh9xv

[{"role": "system", "content": "Santino (20 April 1978 – 14 December 2022) was a male chimpanzee held at Furuvik Zoo in Sweden. In March 2009, it was reported that Santino had planned hundreds of stone-throwing attacks on visitors to the zoo. Santino was shot after escaping his enclosure in December 2022, and later died from his injuries."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Santino had planned hundreds of stone-throwing attacks on visitors to the zoo.\n\n[Santino (chimpanzee) - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santino_(chimpanzee))"}, {"role": "user", "content": "A being with high intelligence felt uncomfortable being imprisoned and displayed to the public? How strange...", "name": "Ian"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Your comment made me think of Blackfish.\n\nYou can't take something with the intelligence of an adult and ethically imprison it and then fell surprise when the thing you imprisoned is hostile.", "name": "Evan"}]

13ks5bq

t5_2qh3b

slinkslowdown

jkn2r1u

[{"role": "system", "content": "Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, Finland to the east, and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge–tunnel across the Öresund. \nAt 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi), Sweden is the largest Nordic country and the fifth-largest country in Europe. The capital and largest city is Stockholm. Sweden has a population of 10.5 million, and a low population density of 25.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (66/sq mi), with around 87% of Swedes residing in urban areas, which cover 1.5% of the entire land area, in the central and southern half of the country. Nature in Sweden is dominated by forests and many lakes, including some of the largest in Europe. Many long rivers run from the Scandes range, primarily emptying into the northern tributaries of the Baltic Sea. It has an extensive coastline and most of the population lives near a major body of water. With the country ranging from 55°N to 69°N, the climate of Sweden is diverse due to the length of the country.\nGermanic peoples have inhabited Sweden since prehistoric times, emerging into history as the Geats (Swedish: Götar) and Swedes (Svear) and constituting the sea peoples known as the Norsemen. A unified Swedish state emerged during the late 10th century. In 1397, Sweden joined Norway and Denmark to form the Scandinavian Kalmar Union, which Sweden left in 1523. When Sweden became involved in the Thirty Years' War on the Protestant side, an expansion of its territories began, forming the Swedish Empire, which remained one of the great powers of Europe until the early 18th century. During this era Sweden controlled much of the Baltic Sea. \nSweden is a highly developed country ranked seventh in the Human Development Index, it is a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary democracy, with legislative power vested in the 349-member unicameral Riksdag. It is a unitary state, divided into 21 counties and 290 municipalities. Sweden maintains a Nordic social welfare system that provides universal health care and tertiary education for its citizens. It has the world's 14th highest GDP per capita and ranks very highly in quality of life, health, education, protection of civil liberties, economic competitiveness, income equality, gender equality and prosperity. Sweden joined the European Union on 1 January 1995. It is also a member of the United Nations, NATO, the Nordic Council, the Schengen Area, the Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).\n\n\"If the war comes\" (Swedish: Om kriget kommer) is a pamphlet originally prepared by the Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces' office. If the war comes has been delivered to every household in Sweden from 1943 to 1991 and again from 2018. The most important parts of the publication were also inserted at the end of all Swedish phone books. The publication contained information about how to act in a situation of national crisis and most notably, nuclear war. Between the 1950s and 1970s Sweden went through a period with extraordinary high economic growth called the \"record years\" (Swedish: rekordåren). This made it possible to invest in civil defense and to have a plan to save the entire population even in the event of a superpower invasion. If the war comes was a way to inform the public about these plans. With the end of the Cold War the publication was deemed to be outdated and distribution ceased in 1991. The most basic information was kept in the phone book until the early 21st century. In 2018 the pamphlet was renewed and distributed under the name \"If crisis or war comes\" (Swedish: Om krisen eller kriget kommer)."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# \"If the war comes\" is a pamphlet delivered to every single household in Sweden from 1943 to 1991 and again from 2018 as well as inserted at the end of all Swedish phone books. It contained information about how to act in a situation of national crisis and most notably, nuclear war.\n\n[If the war comes - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/If_the_war_comes)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "[deleted]"}, {"role": "user", "content": "We were told in school that you're required to ignore any order to cease resistance even if it comes directly from the prime minister.\n\nTheoretically it's impossible for the country to capitulate.", "name": "Alicia"}]

gy7a8t

t5_2qh3b

PhnomPencil

ft9mt9s

[{"role": "system", "content": "The Philadelphia Liberty Loans Parade was a parade in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on September 28, 1918, organized to promote government bonds that helped pay for the needs of Allied troops in World War I. More than 200,000 Philadelphians attended the parade, which led to one of the largest outbreaks of the Spanish flu in the United States. It has since been declared the deadliest parade in American history."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# The Philadelphia Liberty Loans Parade, September 28, 1918. More than 200,000 Philadelphians attended the parade, which led to one of the largest outbreaks of the Spanish flu in the United States\n\n[Philadelphia Liberty Loans Parade - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia_Liberty_Loans_Parade)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "something similar is gonna occur again, trust me"}, {"role": "user", "content": "The church i work at in Philly (first mass alone) had over 300 people. So many they stuffed people in the choir loft and are doing 2 masses at once now", "name": "Madeline"}]

jjwxi2

t5_2qh3b

Kintpuash-of-Kush

gaghpdz

[{"role": "system", "content": "Sewer socialism was an originally pejorative term for the American socialist movement that centered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, from around 1892 to 1960. The term was coined by Morris Hillquit at the 1932 Milwaukee convention of the Socialist Party of America as a commentary on the Milwaukee socialists and their perpetual boasting about the excellent public sewer system in the city."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Sewer socialism - an originally pejorative term for the American socialist movement that centered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin from around 1892 to 1960. The movement de-emphasized Marxist theory and revolutionary rhetoric in favor of honest government and efforts to improve public health.\n\n[Sewer socialism - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewer_Socialism)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Honestly, I don't have much time for revolutionary rhetoric. The age of revolutions is over. We should focus on peaceful government transitions and furthering public good rather than Russian Revolution style bravado. Ballots not bullets.", "name": "Sebastian"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I agree that a violent revolution in 2020 probably wouldn't turn out great, but the rich also aren't going to let you vote their power away. So IDK", "name": "Shelby"}]

pcafec

t5_2umfr

feefifofum95

haideb3

[{"role": "system", "content": "Charles Joseph Whitman (June 24, 1941 – August 1, 1966) was an American mass murderer who became known as the \"Texas Tower Sniper\". On August 1, 1966, Whitman used knives to kill his mother and his wife in their respective homes, then went to the University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin) with multiple firearms and began indiscriminately shooting at people. He fatally shot three people inside UT Austin's Main Building, then accessed the 28th-floor observation deck on the building's clock tower. There, he fired at random people for 96 minutes, killing an additional eleven people and wounding 31 others before he was shot dead by Austin police officers. Whitman killed a total of sixteen people; the 16th victim died 35 years later from injuries sustained in the attack."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# The Texas Tower Sniper - On August 1, 1966, he used knives to kill his mother and his wife in their respective homes, then went to the University of Texas in Austin with multiple firearms and began indiscriminately shooting at people.\n\n[Charles Whitman - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Whitman)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Whitman left a suicide note requesting an autopsy to determine if there was a biological cause for his actions, a pecan sized brain tumor was found but dr's could not prove that it contributed in any way,", "name": "Naomi"}, {"role": "user", "content": "From what I remember reading into this, the tumor was pressing directly against his amygdala, which would likely result in a persistent state of agitation, inducing intense primal emotions like anger, fear, paranoia, and aggression. Whitman sought treatment both from physicians and psych professionals, and his treatment notes included comments indicating a markedly combative demeanor. One doctor specifically commented that he \"seemed to be oozing with hostility.\" Given the documented pattern of reported symptoms, observed physical signs, obviously his infamous actions, autopsy findings, and the timeline from the initial symptoms to discovery of the mass, I'd say there's a damn good chance that the tumor was at least a major contributing factor.", "name": "Bianca"}]

171yx85

t5_2qh3b

slinkslowdown

k3tuuyf

[{"role": "system", "content": "The \"Aroma of Tacoma\", also known as the Tacoma Aroma, is a putrid and unpleasant odor associated with Tacoma, Washington, United States. The smell has been described as similar to the odor of rotten eggs. The odor is not noticeable throughout the city, but is rather concentrated in the Tacoma Tideflats and is frequently smelled by motorists traveling that section of Interstate 5."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# The \"Aroma of Tacoma\" is a putrid and unpleasant odor associated with Tacoma, Washington, United States. The smell has been described as similar to the odor of rotten eggs.\n\n[Aroma of Tacoma - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aroma_of_Tacoma)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Went to college there its only noticeable in certain parts of town, like near the industrial areas (obviously).", "name": "Ella"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "I live on Vancouver Island and there's a paper mill in the South end of town. We get that fart-y egg-y smell when the wind blows the wrong way."}]

p1sgks

t5_2umfr

dexterpine

h8fv8a1

[{"role": "system", "content": "Maike Kohl-Richter (née Richter; born April 1964) is best known as the second wife of the former German Chancellor Helmut Kohl from 2008 until his death in 2017. She is controversial in Germany for her right-wing anti-immigrant views and support for Viktor Orbán, and for her public feud with Kohl's children and grandchildren. She has been accused of hijacking the Kohl legacy and \"has been criticized by Kohl's own children for allegedly hero-worshipping the former chancellor and being obsessed\" with him. She was criticized by German media, public figures and the Kohl family after Kohl's death."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# In 2008, 78 year old former German Chancellor Helmut Kohl, hospitalized in critical condition with a serious head trauma and barely able to speak, married 44 year old Maike Richter, described as a stalker, whose home was a shrine to Kohl. She prevented Kohl from seeing his family in his final years.\n\n[Maike Kohl-Richter - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maike_Kohl-Richter)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "This is beyond creepy, this is Stephen King misery type shit", "name": "Alan"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "Ich bin deine #1 Fan!"}]

zukpnr

t5_2qh3b

First_Level_Ranger

j1lnxzt

[{"role": "system", "content": "\"Last Christmas\" is a song by British pop duo Wham! Written and produced by George Michael, it was released on 3 December 1984 via CBS Records internationally and as a double A-side via Epic Records with \"Everything She Wants\" in several European countries. The song has been covered by many artists since its original release, most notably by Whigfield, Crazy Frog, Billie Piper, Taylor Swift and Ariana Grande. \nUpon its initial release in 1984, \"Last Christmas\" spent five consecutive weeks at number two in the UK Singles Chart—it was held off the top spot at Christmas by Band Aid's \"Do They Know It's Christmas?\" (on which Michael also performed). After many chart runs in subsequent years, which included three more weeks at number two, and which saw the recording become part of RCA Records' catalogue, the song finally reached number one in the UK Singles Chart on New Year's Day 2021 (chart week ending date 7 January 2021), more than 36 years after its initial release; in doing so, it became the fifth UK number one single for the duo. Prior to it reaching number one, \"Last Christmas\" had for many years held the record as the highest-selling single never to top the charts by the Official Charts Company (OCC) with 1.9 million copies sold (not including streams). This record is now held by \"Moves like Jagger\" by Maroon 5 featuring Christina Aguilera. The song reached number one in the UK after it was streamed 9.2 million times in the last week of 2020 and sold 1,555 downloads, resulting in a total of 40,149 combined sales. Having been the Christmas number two again in 2022, \"Last Christmas\" finally achieved the accolade of Christmas number one in 2023, 39 years after its initial release. Combining sales and streams, it also became the third biggest song of all time in the UK.Outside the United Kingdom, the song topped the charts in Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Slovenia and Sweden, and peaked within the top ten of the charts in several countries including Australia, Canada and the United States. Wham! donated all of their royalties to relief efforts for the Ethiopian famine. In a UK-wide poll in December 2012, it was voted eighth on the ITV television special The Nation's Favourite Christmas Song and was voted most popular song of the 1980s in Channel 5's Christmas 2020 countdown Britain's Favourite 80's Songs. It was the most-played Christmas song of the 21st century in the UK until it was overtaken by \"Fairytale of New York\" in 2011."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# \"Last Christmas\" is a song by British pop duo Wham!, originally released in 1984. Described as a \"high watermark of mid-80s British synthpop songcraft,\" it was produced by George Michael, who also wrote the song in his childhood bedroom.\n\n[Last Christmas - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_Christmas)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "one of the few christmas songs that doesnt get old for me lol.", "name": "Caitlyn"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I'm in Japan for the holidays and it's playing everywhere, nonstop. Covers, instrumentals, remixes. I feel like I might be going insane.", "name": "Jeffrey"}]

1bhx9si

t5_2qh3b

blankblank

kvh0apm

[{"role": "system", "content": "Harambe ( hə-RAHM-bay; May 27, 1999 – May 28, 2016) was a western lowland gorilla who lived at the Cincinnati Zoo. On May 28, 2016, a three-year-old boy visiting the zoo climbed under a fence into an outdoor gorilla enclosure where he was violently grabbed and dragged by Harambe. Fearing for the boy's life, a zoo worker shot and killed Harambe. The incident was recorded on video and received broad international coverage and commentary, including controversy over the choice to use lethal force. A number of primatologists and conservationists wrote later that the zoo had no other choice under the circumstances, and that it highlighted the danger of zoo animals near humans and the need for better standards of care.\nHarambe became the subject of internet memes, songs, a video game, a statue, and other tributes and recognitions."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Harambe was a western lowland gorilla who lived at the Cincinnati Zoo. In 2016, a three-year-old boy climbed into his enclosure. Fearing for the boy's life, a zoo worker shot and killed Harambe. Harambe became the subject of internet memes, songs, a video game, a statue, and other tributes.\n\n[Harambe - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harambe)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "That boy is 11 now", "name": "Jorge"}, {"role": "user", "content": "You gotta wonder, does he know what he has done", "name": "Trevor"}]

tx17kl

t5_2qh3b

oneultralamewhiteboy

i3j32fm

[{"role": "system", "content": "The Bucha massacre (Ukrainian: Бучанська різанина, romanized: Buchanska rizanyna; Russian: Резня в Буче, romanized: Reznya v Buche), also known as the Bucha genocide (Ukrainian: геноцид у Бучі, romanized: henotsyd u Buchi) was the mass murder of Ukrainian civilians and prisoners of war by the Russian Armed Forces during the fight for and occupation of the city of Bucha as part of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Photographic and video evidence of the massacre emerged on 1 April 2022 after Russian forces withdrew from the city.According to local authorities, 458 bodies have been recovered from the town, including nine children under the age of 18; among the victims, 419 people were killed with weapons and 39 appeared to have died of natural causes, possibly related to the occupation. The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights documented the unlawful killings, including summary executions, of at least 73 civilians in Bucha. Photos showed corpses of civilians, lined up with their hands bound behind their backs, shot at close range. An inquiry by Radio Free Europe reported the use of a basement beneath a campground as a torture chamber. Many bodies were found mutilated and burnt, and girls as young as fourteen reported being raped by Russian soldiers. In intercepted conversations, Russian soldiers referred to these operations involving hunting down people in lists, filtration, torture, and execution as zachistka (\"cleansing\"). Ukraine has asked the International Criminal Court to investigate what happened in Bucha as part of its ongoing investigation of the invasion to determine whether a series of Russian war crimes or crimes against humanity were committed.Russian authorities have denied responsibility and instead claimed that Ukraine faked footage of the event or staged the killings itself as a false flag operation, and have claimed that the footage and photographs of dead bodies were a \"staged performance\". These assertions by Russian authorities have been debunked as false by various groups and media organizations. Additionally, eyewitness accounts from residents of Bucha said that the Russian Armed Forces carried out the killings."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Bucha massacre [NSFL]\n\n[Bucha massacre - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucha_massacre)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "This information needs to spread far and wide.", "name": "Cooper"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Wikipedia has been the most reliable source of facts throughout the Ukrainian Invasion, documenting history in near real-time.", "name": "Preston"}]

nolaw1

t5_2umfr

suissaccassius

h01kjx9

[{"role": "system", "content": "Rat-children or chuas are children or adults with microcephaly, exploited as beggars situated in Gujrat City, particularly the Shrine of Saint Shah Dola, and elsewhere in Pakistan. They have sloping foreheads, narrow faces that resemble rodents, and are often intellectually disabled and dependent on others.Begging rings and gangs allegedly place iron bands around the heads of healthy children to induce cranial deformation. The mazaar of Shah Dolah, home to many of the rat children, is a common pilgrimage site for women and married couples who wish to bear children. Ignoring a rat child's plea for money is thought to bring bad luck."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Rat-children, chuas or mice are children or adults suffering from microcephaly, exploited as beggars situated in Gujrat City, Pakistan. It is alleged that begging rings and gangs place iron bands around the heads of healthy children to induce cranial deformation.\n\n[Rats of Shah Dola - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rats_of_Shah_Dola)"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "Experts say they are being deliberately deformed by criminal gangs operating around the shrine who then use them for begging.\n\nMany of the children handed over to the shrine or those claiming to represent it end up on the streets.\n\nAt the main bus-stand in Gujrat we quickly came across a group of several rat-children with their owners.\n\nThey all have the distinctive shrunken heads; they're severely handicapped and can't even speak.\n\nWith their owners close behind, they approach passengers sitting in their minibuses waiting to leave. They demand money and they get it.\n\nGreat Article here: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/122670.stm"}, {"role": "user", "content": "This is the most depressing thing I've read on this website", "name": "Gabriel"}]

huj9ie

t5_2umfr

STerrier666

fynfwvg

[{"role": "system", "content": "Hart Island, sometimes referred to as Hart's Island, is located at the western end of Long Island Sound, in the northeastern Bronx in New York City. Measuring approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) long by 0.33 miles (0.53 km) wide, Hart Island is part of the Pelham Islands archipelago and is east of City Island.\nThe island's first public use was as a training ground for the United States Colored Troops in 1864. Since then, Hart Island has been the location of a Union Civil War prison camp, a psychiatric institution, a tuberculosis sanatorium, a potter's field used for both individual and mass burials, a homeless shelter, a boys' reformatory and workhouse, a jail, and a drug rehabilitation center. Several other structures, such as an amusement park, were planned for Hart Island but not built. During the Cold War, Nike defense missiles were stationed on Hart Island. The island was intermittently used as a prison and a homeless shelter until 1967; the last inhabited structures were abandoned in 1977. The potter's field on Hart Island was run by the New York City Department of Correction until 2019, when the New York City Council voted to transfer jurisdiction to the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation.\nThe remains of more than one million people are buried on Hart Island, though, since the first decade of the 21st century, there are fewer than 1,500 burials a year. Burials on Hart Island include individuals who were not claimed by their families or did not have private funerals; the homeless and the indigent; and mass burials of disease victims. Access to the island was restricted by the Department of Correction, which operated an infrequent ferryboat service and imposed strict visitation quotas. Burials were conducted by inmates from the nearby Rikers Island jail until 2020 and the COVID-19 pandemic. The Hart Island Project, a public charity founded by visual artist Melinda Hunt, worked to improve access to the island and make burial records more easily available. Transfer to the Parks Department in 2019 had been sought for over twenty years and was hoped to ease public access to the Island. Burials in the island's Potters' Field continued after the transfer."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# After finding out about people who died of COVID-19 in New York being buried on Hart Island, I decided to look into it and it's entire history is creepy and tragic. Over a million people are buried there\n\n[Hart Island - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hart_Island_(Bronx))"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Boy you are not ready for Poveglia.", "name": "Cameron"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "That's a pretty disturbing place."}]

119whl7

t5_2qh3b

Kurma-the-Turtle

j9p8zwd

[{"role": "system", "content": "Aldersgate is a Ward of the City of London, England, named after one of the northern gates in the London Wall which once enclosed the City.\nThe Ward of Aldersgate is traditionally divided into Aldersgate Within and Aldersgate Without, the suffix denoting whether the part was within the line of the wall or outside it. The ancient ward boundaries were redrawn in 2013; the names are preserved but their location only loosely approximates to their historic extent.\nThe gate also gave its name to Aldersgate Street, which runs north from the former gate towards Clerkenwell. The street was wholly part of Aldersgate Without ward until a short section further north was renamed and so added to it."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# In 1554 Elizabeth Crofts hid in a wall on Aldersgate Street, where she pretended to be a heavenly voice. Reputedly 17,000 people came to listen to her give out anti-Catholic propaganda.\n\n[Aldersgate - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldersgate#Religion)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "17,000 people go there and not a single one chose to look behind the wall to check?", "name": "Seth"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Anti catholic messages\n\nMaybe they wanted to but wanted to hear more of them", "name": "Marco"}]

q3u0pq

t5_2qh3b

NeonHD

hfu97jz

[{"role": "system", "content": "Cotard's syndrome, also known as Cotard's delusion or walking corpse syndrome, is a rare mental disorder in which the affected person holds the delusional belief that they are dead, do not exist, are putrefying, or have lost their blood or internal organs. Statistical analysis of a hundred-patient cohort indicated that denial of self-existence is present in 45% of the cases of Cotard's syndrome; the other 55% of the patients presented with delusions of immortality.In 1880, the neurologist and psychiatrist Jules Cotard described the condition as le délire des négations (\"the delirium of negation\"), a psychiatric syndrome of varied severity. A mild case is characterized by despair and self-loathing, while a severe case is characterized by intense delusions of negation, and chronic psychiatric depression.The case of \"Mademoiselle X\" describes a woman who denied the existence of parts of her body (somatoparaphrenia) and of her need to eat. She claimed that she was condemned to eternal damnation, and therefore could not die a natural death. In the course of experiencing \"the delirium of negation\", Mademoiselle X died of starvation.Cotard's syndrome is not mentioned in either the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or the 10th edition of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) of the World Health Organization."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Cotard's delusion, also known as walking corpse syndrome, is a rare mental disorder in which the affected person holds the delusional belief that they are dead, do not exist, are putrefying, or have lost their blood or internal organs.\n\n[Cotard's syndrome - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotard_delusion)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "[deleted]"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Word bro, my last mushroom trip I had to shut my phone off because I couldnt shake the feeling I needed to call an ambulance to bring me back to life.", "name": "Angela"}]

s5l5pn

t5_2umfr

JudyWilde143

hsyd129

[{"role": "system", "content": "Gwendolyn Henley Shamblin Lara (February 18, 1955 – May 29, 2021) was the founder of the Remnant Fellowship Cult, founder of the Christian diet program The Weigh Down Workshop, and an American author.\nShe is the subject of the 2021 HBO Max docuseries, The Way Down: God, Greed, and the Cult of Gwen Shamblin. She is portrayed by actress Jennifer Grey in the Lifetime movie, Starving for Salvation."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Gwen Shamblin Lara\n\n[Gwen Shamblin Lara - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwen_Shamblin_Lara)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "What the hell does it mean to beat your child with a 'glue stick'?!", "name": "Gabrielle"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I think they mean the longer tubes of glue that you put in a glue gun. They can be about a rulers length and very flexible so they possibly would use it almost like a whip?", "name": "Camila"}]

hws5oi

t5_2umfr

MeAndTheDiamonds

fz3a3xn

[{"role": "assistant", "content": "# Thch Qung c was a Vietnamese Buddhist monk who burned himself to death at a busy Saigon road intersection on 11 June 1963. He was protesting the persecution of Buddhists by the South Vietnamese government led by Ng nh Dim. Photographs of his self-immolation were circulated around the world.\n\n[Thích Quảng Đức - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%ADch_Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "[Goddamn. He looks remarkably calm for someone who is literally on fire.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Th%C3%ADch_Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_self-immolation.jpg)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "He never moved an inch or made a single sound.", "name": "Omar"}]

e4jmk7

t5_2qh3b

Tokyono

f9djma7

[{"role": "system", "content": "The Parthenon (; Ancient Greek: Παρθενών, romanized: Parthenōn [par.tʰe.nɔ̌ːn]; Greek: Παρθενώνας, romanized: Parthenónas [parθeˈnonas]) is a former temple on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, that was dedicated to the goddess Athena during the fifth century BC. Its decorative sculptures are considered some of the high points of classical Greek art, an enduring symbol of Ancient Greece, democracy and Western civilization.The Parthenon was built in thanksgiving for the Hellenic victory over Persian Empire invaders during the Greco-Persian Wars. Like most Greek temples, the Parthenon also served as the city treasury.Construction started in 447 BC when the Delian League was at the peak of its power. It was completed in 438 BC; work on the decoration continued until 432 BC. For a time, it served as the treasury of the Delian League, which later became the Athenian Empire. In the final decade of the 6th century AD, the Parthenon was converted into a Christian church dedicated to the Virgin Mary. After the Ottoman conquest in the mid-fifteenth century, it became a mosque. In the Morean War, a Venetian bomb landed on the Parthenon, which the Ottomans had used as a munitions dump, during the 1687 siege of the Acropolis. The resulting explosion severely damaged the Parthenon. From 1800 to 1803, the 7th Earl of Elgin took down some of the surviving sculptures, now known as the Elgin Marbles or simply Greek Marbles, which, although he had the permission of the then Ottoman government, has subsequently become controversial.The Parthenon replaced an older temple of Athena, which historians call the Pre-Parthenon or Older Parthenon, that was demolished in the Persian invasion of 480 BC.\nSince 1975, numerous large-scale restoration projects have been undertaken to preserve remaining artifacts and ensure its structural integrity."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# In 1687, the Parthenon in Athens exploded when it was hit by a Venetian mortar round. The building was being used by the Ottoman Turks to store gunpowder, and the round blew it up. One account says the Turks did not expect the Venetians to target such a historic monument. 300 people died.\n\n[Parthenon - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthenon)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Maybe let's not store explosives in treasured historical landmarks"}, {"role": "user", "content": "If they expected the Venetians not to blow up a historic monument, they obviously didn't have a lot of experience fighting Venetians. Dudes would've burned down St. Peter's if they thought it would make them a nickel.", "name": "Jackson"}]

gygdjx

t5_2qh3b

keznaa

ftb5l91

[{"role": "system", "content": "The Saskatoon freezing deaths involved Indigenous Canadians in and immediately outside Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, in the 1990s and early 2000s, and are suspected of being linked to actions by the members of the Saskatoon Police Service. The police officers would arrest Indigenous people, who were usually male, for alleged drunkenness and/or disorderly behaviour, sometimes without cause. The officers would then drive them to the outskirts of the city at night in the winter, and abandon them, leaving them stranded in sub-zero temperatures.The practice is known as taking Indigenous people for \"starlight tours\" and dates back to at least 1976. As of 2021, despite convictions for related offences, no police officer has been convicted specifically for having caused freezing deaths."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# The Saskatoon freezing deaths were a series of deaths of indigenous Canadian. Some members of the Saskatoon Police Service would arrest indigenous people, usually men for drunkenness/disorderly behavior, allegedly without cause at times & drive them out of the city at night in winter & abandon them.\n\n[Saskatoon freezing deaths - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatoon_freezing_deaths)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Holy hell! Man, some humans suck!", "name": "Alicia"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Yep and apparently a lot of those go into police work.", "name": "Jacob"}]

b2i4hf

t5_2umfr

TheOneTrueBubbleBass

eitp2v0

[{"role": "system", "content": "The \"From Hell\" letter (also known as the \"Lusk letter\") was a letter sent with half of a preserved human kidney to George Lusk, the chairman of the Whitechapel Vigilance Committee, in October 1888. The author of this letter claimed to be the unidentified serial killer known as Jack the Ripper, who had murdered and mutilated at least four women in the Whitechapel and Spitalfields districts of London in the two months prior to Lusk receiving this letter, and whose vigilance committee Lusk led in civilian efforts to assist the police in identifying and apprehending the perpetrator.The letter was postmarked 15 October 1888 and was received by Lusk the following day. An examination of the kidney revealed the individual from whom the organ originated had suffered from Bright's disease. The author of this letter claimed to have fried and eaten the other half.Police, press, and public alike received many letters claiming to be from the Whitechapel Murderer, with investigators at one stage having to deal with an estimated 1,000 letters related to the case. However, the \"From Hell\" letter is one of the few articles of correspondence that has received serious consideration as to actually being genuine. Nonetheless, opinions remain divided with regards to the letter's authenticity.The murders committed by Jack the Ripper have attracted much attention in popular culture for decades, with several factual and fictional works directly making reference to the \"From Hell\" letter."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Jack the Ripper's \"From Hell\" Letter\n\n[From Hell letter - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/From_Hell_letter)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "> Tother piece I fried and ate it was very nise\n\nAlright calm down, Borat", "name": "Erik"}, {"role": "user", "content": "It reads like a letter written by Charlie Kelly", "name": "Aidan"}]

d3ehv2

t5_2umfr

MowingTheAirRand

f02malu

[{"role": "system", "content": "Charlemagne ( SHAR-lə-mayn, -⁠MAYN; 2 April 748 – 28 January 814) was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Emperor of the Carolingian Empire from 800, all until his death in 814. Charlemagne succeeded in uniting the majority of Western Central Europe, and he was the first recognized emperor to rule in the west after the fall of the Western Roman Empire approximately three centuries earlier. Charlemagne's rule saw a program of political and social changes that had a lasting impact on Europe in the Middle Ages.\nA member of the Frankish Carolingian dynasty, Charlemagne was the eldest son of Pepin the Short and Bertrada of Laon. With his brother Carloman I, he became king of the Franks in 768 following Pepins's death, and became sole ruler in 771. As king, he continued his father's policy towards the protection of the papacy and became its chief defender, removing the Lombards from power in northern Italy in 774. Charlemagne's reign saw a period of expansion that led to the conquests of Bavaria, Saxony, and northern Spain, as well as other campaigns that led Charlemagne to extend his rule over a vast area of Europe. He spread Christianity to his new conquests, often by force, as seen at the Massacre of Verden against the Saxons.\nIn 800, Charlemagne was crowned as emperor in Rome by Pope Leo III. While historians debate about the exact significance of the coronation, the title represented the height of prestige and authority he had achieved. Charlemagne's position as the first emperor in the West in over 300 years brought him into conflict with the contemporary Eastern Roman Empire based in Constantinople. By his assumption of the imperial title, he is considered the forerunner of the line of Holy Roman Emperors that lasted into the nineteenth century. As king and emperor, Charlemagne engaged in a number of reforms in administration, law, education, military organization, and religion which shaped Europe for centuries. The stability of his reign saw the beginning of a period of significant cultural activity known as the Carolingian Renaissance.\nCharlemagne died in 814, and was laid to rest in the Aachen Cathedral, in his imperial capital city of Aachen. He was succeeded by his only surviving son Louis the Pious. After Louis, the Frankish kingdom would be divided, eventually coalescing into West and East Francia, which would respectively become France and the Holy Roman Empire. Charlemagne's profound impact on the Middle Ages, and the influence on the vast territory he ruled has led him to be called the \"Father of Europe\". He is seen as a founding figure by multiple European states, and many historical royal houses of Europe trace their lineage back to him. Charlemagne has been the subject of artwork, monuments, and literature since the medieval period, and has received veneration in the Catholic Church.\n\nThe Massacre of Verden was an event during the Saxon Wars where the Frankish king Charlemagne ordered the death of 4,500 Saxons in October 782. Charlemagne claimed suzerainty over Saxony and in 772 destroyed the Irminsul, an important object in Saxon paganism, during his intermittent thirty-year campaign to Christianize the Saxons. The massacre occurred in Verden in what is now Lower Saxony, Germany. The event is attested in contemporary Frankish sources, including the Royal Frankish Annals.\nBeginning in the 1870s, some scholars have attempted to exonerate Charlemagne of the massacre by way of a proposed manuscript error but these attempts have since been generally rejected. While the figure of 4,500 victims has generally been accepted, some scholars regard it as an exaggeration."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# In 782, Charlemagne had 4500 people beheaded in a single day\n\n[Massacre of Verden - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacre_of_Verden)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "So in a 16 hour day thats something like a beheading every 12.8 seconds. Hopefully, that efficiency played out in a less murderous fashion on other days.", "name": "Nevaeh"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Right? I'm horrified at the atrocity of it, but impressed at the efficiency for the era", "name": "Abby"}]

zamayc

t5_2qh3b

ActualGiantPenguin

iymzesp

[{"role": "system", "content": "Buck v. Bell, 274 U.S. 200 (1927), is a decision of the United States Supreme Court, written by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., in which the Court ruled that a state statute permitting compulsory sterilization of the unfit, including the intellectually disabled, \"for the protection and health of the state\" did not violate the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Despite the changing attitudes in the coming decades regarding sterilization, the Supreme Court has never expressly overturned Buck v. Bell. It is widely believed to have been weakened by Skinner v. Oklahoma, 316 U.S. 535 (1942), which involved compulsory sterilization of male habitual criminals (and came to a contrary result). Legal scholar and Holmes biographer G. Edward White, in fact, wrote, \"the Supreme Court has distinguished the case [Buck v. Bell] out of existence\". In addition, federal statutes, including the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, provide protections for people with disabilities, defined as both physical and mental impairments."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Buck v. Bell (1927), in which the US Supreme Court ruled that compulsory sterilization of the unfit does not violate the Constitution\n\n[Buck v. Bell - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buck_v._Bell)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "My great-great aunt was sterilized under this precedent. I knew her when I was little. She lived in a small house filled with dolls because she wanted nothing more than to be a mother."}, {"role": "user", "content": "My lordthats so sad", "name": "Jacqueline"}]

ldchr9

t5_2qh3b

interiot

gm599oq

[{"role": "system", "content": "Yellowstone National Park is a national park located in the western United States, largely in the northwest corner of Wyoming and extending into Montana and Idaho. It was established by the 42nd U.S. Congress with the Yellowstone National Park Protection Act and signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant on March 1, 1872. Yellowstone was the first national park in the U.S. and is also widely held to be the first national park in the world. The park is known for its wildlife and its many geothermal features, especially the Old Faithful geyser, one of its most popular. While it represents many types of biomes, the subalpine forest is the most abundant. It is part of the South Central Rockies forests ecoregion.\nWhile Native Americans have lived in the Yellowstone region for at least 11,000 years, aside from visits by mountain men during the early-to-mid-19th century, organized exploration did not begin until the late 1860s. Management and control of the park originally fell under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of the Interior, the first Secretary of the Interior to supervise the park being Columbus Delano. However, the U.S. Army was eventually commissioned to oversee the management of Yellowstone for 30 years between 1886 and 1916. In 1917, the administration of the park was transferred to the National Park Service, which had been created the previous year. Hundreds of structures have been built and are protected for their architectural and historical significance, and researchers have examined more than a thousand archaeological sites.\nYellowstone National Park spans an area of 3,468.4 sq mi (8,983 km2), comprising lakes, canyons, rivers, and mountain ranges. Yellowstone Lake is one of the largest high-elevation lakes in North America and is centered over the Yellowstone Caldera, the largest super volcano on the continent. The caldera is considered a dormant volcano. It has erupted with tremendous force several times in the last two million years. Well over half of the world's geysers and hydrothermal features are in Yellowstone, fueled by this ongoing volcanism. Lava flows and rocks from volcanic eruptions cover most of the land area of Yellowstone. The park is the centerpiece of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, the largest remaining nearly intact ecosystem in the Earth's northern temperate zone. In 1978, Yellowstone was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site.\nHundreds of species of mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians have been documented, including several that are either endangered or threatened. The vast forests and grasslands also include unique species of plants. Yellowstone Park is the largest and most famous megafauna location in the contiguous United States. Grizzly bears, cougars, wolves, and free-ranging herds of bison and elk live in this park. The Yellowstone Park bison herd is the oldest and largest public bison herd in the United States. Forest fires occur in the park each year; in the large forest fires of 1988, nearly one-third of the park was burnt. Yellowstone has numerous recreational opportunities, including hiking, camping, boating, fishing, and sightseeing. Paved roads provide close access to the major geothermal areas as well as some of the lakes and waterfalls. During the winter, visitors often access the park by way of guided tours that use either snow coaches or snowmobiles.\n\nThe Zone of Death is the 50-square-mile (130 km2) area in the Idaho section of Yellowstone National Park in which, as a result of a reported loophole in the Constitution of the United States, a person may be able to theoretically avoid conviction for any major crime, up to and including murder."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Yellowstone Zone of Death Due to a loophole in the Sixth Amendment, any crime including murder can be committed in the zone because no jury can be assembled.\n\n[Zone of Death (Yellowstone) - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_of_Death_(Yellowstone))"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Only known crime committed is an killing an elk, and the person did end up going to court.", "name": "Fernando"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "And the elk hunter served four years in prison because the judge basically hand-waved the Zone issue away. *But* then when the elk hunter plead guilty, part of the plea agreement was that he wouldn't try to appeal based on the Zone theory.\n\nBrian Kalt, the law professor who originally discovered the issue, was annoyed that the judge didn't try to move the problem towards any kind of resolution, basically leaving it totally unresolved."}]

p7ur5r

t5_2qh3b

DataGuru314

h9ny7hn

[{"role": "system", "content": "Benjamin Aaron Shapiro (born January 15, 1984) is an American lawyer, columnist, author and conservative political commentator. He writes columns for Creators Syndicate, Newsweek, and Ami Magazine, and serves as editor emeritus for The Daily Wire, which he co-founded in 2015. Shapiro is the host of The Ben Shapiro Show, a daily political podcast and live radio show. He was editor-at-large of Breitbart News from 2012 until his resignation in 2016. Shapiro has authored sixteen books."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Ben Shapiro is a cousin of writer and actress Mara Wilson, though the two are not on speaking terms due to their conflicting political views.\n\n[Ben Shapiro - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Shapiro#Personal_life)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "In case people dont know, Mara Wilson was Matilda", "name": "Sofia"}, {"role": "user", "content": "When filming Matilda, Maras mother passed away. It always makes the movie more touching for me after learning that.", "name": "Max"}, {"role": "user", "content": "\"Sadly, Wilsons mom Suzie died a few months beforeMatildapremiered in Aug. 1996. Wilson was devastated that her mother, a huge fan of Dahls book, never got to see her perform in the movie. But it turns out she did secretly catch a glimpse of her little girl as Matilda. \n\nAccording to Wilsons memoir,Where Am I Now? DeVito visited Wilsons mom in the hospital before her death and showed her a cut of the movie prior to its premiere. He didnt tell Wilson about his kind act until years later. But its a heartwarming gift that Wilson will always cherish, and that proves DeVito is nothing like Frank Wormwood in real life.\" \n\nDanny fucking DeVito", "name": "Avery"}]

y7gws6

t5_7811nr

slinkslowdown

isvdtq5

[{"role": "system", "content": "Wikipedia is a free-content online encyclopedia written and maintained by a community of volunteers, known as Wikipedians, through open collaboration and the use of the wiki-based editing system MediaWiki. Wikipedia is the largest and most-read reference work in history. It is consistently ranked as one of the ten most popular websites in the world, and as of 2024 is ranked the fifth most visited website on the Internet by Semrush. Founded by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger on January 15, 2001, Wikipedia is hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation, an American nonprofit organization that employs a staff of over 700 people.Initially only available in English, editions in other languages have been developed. Wikipedia's editions, when combined, comprise more than 62 million articles, attracting around 2 billion unique device visits per month and more than 14 million edits per month (about 5.2 edits per second on average) as of November 2023. Roughly 26% of Wikipedia's traffic is from the United States, followed by Japan at 5.9%, the United Kingdom at 5.4%, Germany at 5%, Russia at 4.8%, and the remaining 54% split among other countries, according to data provided by Similarweb.Wikipedia has been praised for its enablement of the democratization of knowledge, extent of coverage, unique structure, and culture. It has been criticized for exhibiting systemic bias, particularly gender bias against women and geographical bias against the Global South (Eurocentrism). While the reliability of Wikipedia was frequently criticized in the 2000s it has improved over time, receiving greater praise from the late 2010s onward while becoming an important fact-checking site.Wikipedia has been censored by some national governments, ranging from specific pages to the entire site. Articles on breaking news are often accessed as sources for frequently updated information about those events.\n\nSeedfeeder is a pseudonymous illustrator known for contributing sexually explicit drawings to Wikipedia. Between 2008 and 2012, the artist created 48 depictions of various sex acts. Seedfeeder's illustrations garnered mixed reactions: some Wikipedia editors claimed they contained racist and sexist undertones, while Andy Cush of Gawker called him \"Wikipedia's greatest artist of sex acts\". Artnet columnist Paddy Johnson listed Seedfeeder's work as one of the \"Top 10 Digital Artworks of 2014\"."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Seedfeeder is a pseudonymous illustrator known for contributing sexually explicit drawings to Wikipedia. Between 2008 and 2012, the artist created 48 depictions of various sex acts.\n\n[Seedfeeder - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seedfeeder)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I've always enjoyed this guy's art style. Nice to put a name to the guy lol", "name": "Savannah"}]

18v1acw

t5_2umfr

KiwiWelkin

kfr0mtx

[{"role": "system", "content": "Robert Hoagland (June 9, 1963 – December 5, 2022) was a resident of Newtown, Connecticut, United States, who disappeared in 2013. His whereabouts were unknown, with some investigators fearing he had met with foul play. In fact, he had actually resettled in Rock Hill, New York, under an assumed name, Richard King, which was not discovered until after his death in late 2022.\nOn the morning of July 28, 2013, security footage at a Mobil gas station in Newtown captured Hoagland, a local chef and property appraiser, buying a map along with fuel for his wife's car. He was last seen by anyone who knew him later that morning, when his son bid goodbye as Hoagland was mowing the lawn of the family home, a conversation also witnessed by a neighbor. Hoagland failed to show up for work the next morning or pick up his wife when she returned home from an overseas trip that afternoon. He was reported missing.\nPolice investigated several sightings of Hoagland over the next year, mostly nearby. Tips also placed him in southern California and South Carolina; neither they nor the alleged sightings yielded any trace of him. Theories about his disappearance ranged from foul play possibly connected to his son's drug problems to an attempt to start a new life. The case was featured on an episode of the Investigation Discovery series Disappeared.Hoagland's disappearance was resolved almost a decade later when his body was found by a roommate in a Rock Hill, New York, apartment on December 5, 2022, where he had been living under the name Richard King. Deputies from the Sullivan County Sheriff's Office found paperwork with his real name on it, and notified Newtown police."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Robert Hoagland's disappearance was resolved a decade later when his body was found on December 5, 2022, where he had been living under the name Richard King\n\n[Robert Hoagland - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Hoagland)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "This one's more sad than creepy, and all the weirder for how much is explained but still unclear.\n\nHe just sort of... walked out of his life and then existed quietly. Not particularly a recluse, seems to have been friendly with this roommate.", "name": "Melanie"}, {"role": "user", "content": "There has to be something underlying this. Either mental illness or some kind of secret (e.g. he lost his job/had debt/drugs/mistress). Could be an accident too though, like a stroke or getting hit in the head since it's very hard to keep secrets this well. \n\nLastly, the romanticized/cool version would be if he had some sort of laudable second life like a spy, informant etc.... and got out when he could.", "name": "Brianna"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Honestly, I think he just felt tired of his old life. It seemed like he was tired of his marriage, the fact that his son had a drug addiction, and maybe a few other things caused him to just up and leave one day without telling anyone. Seemed like he got what he wanted with his new life, new bachelor, grill out on sunday, had a good roommate, etc. Honestly, thats my opinion on it, considering that his roommate didnt mention any odd behavior unrelated to him living a double life and his sudden illness.", "name": "Josiah"}]

l3tbf5

t5_2umfr

JudyWilde143

gkiazf0

[{"role": "system", "content": "The Bunny Game is a 2010 American low-budget avant-garde horror film co-created and co-written by Rodleen Getsic (who also stars in the film) and Adam Rehmeier. Set in the desert, the film is about a prostitute who is abducted by a truck driver and subjected to extreme \"games\" of torture.\nIn the United States, the film had a limited theatrical release; it was later released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on July 31, 2012 by Autonomy Pictures.In the United Kingdom the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC) deemed the film 'unsuitable for classification' as doing so \"would be inconsistent with the Guidelines, would risk potential harm within the terms of the Video Recordings Act, and would accordingly be unacceptable to the public.\""}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# The Bunny Game is a horror movie about a prostitute who is raped and tortured by a truck driver. The violence was unsimulated and the actors used a safe word.\n\n[The Bunny Game - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bunny_Game)"}, {"role": "user", "content": ">Lead actress Rodleen Getsic has explained that The Muppet Movie influenced the film.\n\nOkay then.", "name": "Ivan"}, {"role": "user", "content": "The linked essay is really something.\n\n> [THE BUNNY GAME] is bold performance art; transformative to society; a definite challenge to accepted filmic trends. My motive in creating THE BUNNY GAME is of high intention. It is a spiritual endeavor. It may seem paradoxical that I would have such a vision while creating a disturbing horror film, however it is my lifetime goal to edify the possibility for real world peace. Through art, performance, and leadership, I aim to encourage and elicit positive, societal transformation. THE BUNNY GAME is indeed more than just a film. It is a mystical piece of art.", "name": "Jada"}, {"role": "user", "content": "This just sounds like the average edgelord loser on this hellsite honestly.", "name": "Jenna"}]

f1igxf

t5_2umfr

GW2RNGR

fh6rlp8

[{"role": "system", "content": "Ricky Ray Rector (January 12, 1950 – January 24, 1992) was an American convicted murderer who was executed for the 1981 murder of police officer Robert Martin in Conway, Arkansas. After killing a man in a restaurant and fleeing, Rector spent three days on the run before he agreed to turn himself in. However, instead of giving himself up, he shot the police officer who had negotiated his surrender in the back. He then shot himself in the head in a suicide attempt. The attempt effectively resulted in a lobotomy.A 1991 request for a writ of certiorari to the Supreme Court was denied, with Justice Thurgood Marshall dissenting. Despite Rector's mental state, then-Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton made a point of returning to Arkansas to oversee Rector's January 24, 1992, execution during the 1992 U.S. presidential election campaign."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# After murdering a man in a nightclub, Ricky Ray Rector agreed to turn himself in. Instead, he shot the negotiating officer in the back, killing him. He then attempted suicide but failed, effectively lobotomizing himself. He saved part of his last meal for \"after the execution\".\n\n[Ricky Ray Rector - Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricky_Ray_Rector)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "It feels like, with the brain damage, that they basically executed an entirely different person."}, {"role": "user", "content": "Last Podcast on the Left covers this guy on episode 35, Theres Bones in the Chocolate and they discuss this.", "name": "Jada"}]

v0rn5a

t5_2qh3b

First_Level_Ranger

iajr8un

[{"role": "system", "content": "Three Wolf Moon is a T-shirt featuring three wolves howling at the Moon. The numerous satirical reviews for this on Amazon.com have become an Internet phenomenon. The T-shirt was designed by artist Antonia Neshev."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Three Wolf Moon is a T-shirt featuring three wolves howling at the Moon, designed by artist Antonia Neshev. Reviews for the shirt attribute great power to it, such as making the wearer irresistible to women and striking fear into other males.\n\n[Three Wolf Moon - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Wolf_Moon)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "My Father lives out of these. He and my mother are no longer together.", "name": "Martin"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Thats impossible: she would never have been able to leave such powerful sweatshirts.", "name": "Shane"}]

13279d3

t5_2umfr

slinkslowdown

ji3jyow

[{"role": "system", "content": "Taylor Josephine Stephanie Luciow (August 27, 1990 – October 27, 2009), known by her stage name Taylor Mitchell, was a Canadian country folk singer and songwriter from Toronto. Her debut and only album, For Your Consideration, received encouraging reviews and airplay. Following a busy summer performance schedule, which included an appearance as a young performer at the Winnipeg Folk Festival, Mitchell embarked on a tour of Eastern Canada with a newly acquired license and car.\nMitchell died at the age of 19 of injuries and blood loss after two eastern coyotes (coywolves) mauled her while she was walking along Cape Breton Highlands National Park's Skyline Trail. Her death is the only known fatal coyote attack on an adult and the only known fatal coyote attack on a human ever confirmed in Canada. It shocked experts and led to a reassessment of the risk to humans from the predator behaviour of coyotes."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Taylor Mitchell died at the age of 19 of injuries and blood loss after eastern coyotes mauled her. It is the only known fatal coyote attack on an adult and the only known fatal coyote attack on a human ever confirmed in Canada.\n\n[Taylor Mitchell - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_Mitchell)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "[deleted]"}, {"role": "user", "content": "If you read the article, it says scientists found their (this particular group of coyotes) main diet was moose which led them to believe they were not scared of big prey like humans.", "name": "Trenton"}]

evgz5

t5_2qh3b

TarkiB

c1baobj

[{"role": "system", "content": "Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus (, ty-BEER-ee-əs; 16 November 42 BC – 16 March AD 37) was Roman emperor from AD 14 until 37. He succeeded his stepfather Augustus, the first Roman emperor. Tiberius was born in Rome in 42 BC to Roman politician Tiberius Claudius Nero and his wife, Livia Drusilla. In 38 BC, Tiberius' mother divorced his father and married Augustus. Following the untimely deaths of Augustus' two grandsons and adopted heirs, Gaius and Lucius Caesar, Tiberius was designated Augustus' successor. Prior to this, Tiberius had proved himself an able diplomat, and one of the most successful Roman generals: his conquests of Pannonia, Dalmatia, Raetia, and (temporarily) parts of Germania laid the foundations for the empire's northern frontier.\nEarly in his career, Tiberius was happily married to Vipsania, daughter of Augustus' friend, distinguished general and intended heir, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa. They had a son, Drusus Julius Caesar. After Agrippa died, Augustus insisted that Tiberius divorce Vipsania and marry his own daughter (Tiberius' step-sister) Julia. Tiberius reluctantly gave in. This second marriage proved scandalous, deeply unhappy, and childless; ultimately, Julia was sent into exile by her father. Tiberius adopted his nephew, the able and popular Germanicus, as heir. On Augustus' death in 14, Tiberius became princeps at the age of 55. He seems to have taken on the responsibilities of head of state with great reluctance, and perhaps a genuine sense of inadequacy in the role, compared to the capable, self-confident and charismatic Augustus.\nFrom the outset, Tiberius had a difficult, resentful relationship with the Senate, and suspected many plots against him. Nevertheless, he proved to be an effective and efficient administrator. After the deaths of his nephew Germanicus in AD 19 and his son Drusus in 23, Tiberius became reclusive and aloof. In 26 he removed himself from Rome and left administration largely in the hands of his ambitious praetorian prefect Sejanus, whom he later had executed for treason, and then Sejanus' replacement, Macro. When Tiberius died, he was succeeded by his grand-nephew and adopted grandson, Germanicus' son Caligula, whose lavish building projects and varyingly successful military endeavours drained much of the wealth that Tiberius had accumulated in the public and Imperial coffers through good management.\nTiberius allowed the worship of his divine Genius in only one temple, in Rome's eastern provinces, and promoted restraint in the empire-wide cult to the deceased Augustus. When Tiberius died, he was given a sumptuous funeral befitting his office, but no divine honours. He came to be remembered as a dark, reclusive and sombre ruler who never really wanted to be emperor; Pliny the Elder called him \"the gloomiest of men\".\n\nAllegedly, flexible glass is a lost invention from the time of the reign of Tiberius Caesar. The story is almost certainly false."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Damn you, Tiberius Caesar. Damn you.\n\n[Flexible glass - Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexible_glass)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Could it have been a cellulose-based plastic?"}, {"role": "user", "content": "holy shit- i can't even imagine how history would have changed entirely based on a discovery like that.\n\nA few random things could be- better boats, perhaps primitive gliders? flight?"}, {"role": "user", "content": "AND NO MORE WOODEN CONDOMS!!!!1 ", "name": "Cassandra"}]

lg79pm

t5_2qh3b

Lost_Smoking_Snake

gmqh67f

[{"role": "assistant", "content": "# Number of Wikipedia Articles by Language\n\n"}, {"role": "user", "content": "[TIL 'Cebuano' is a language of the southern Phillipines.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebuano_language)", "name": "Payton"}, {"role": "user", "content": "As a Cebuano-speaking native, I'm quite surprised by this information as I have never ever seen a Wiki page in my language. Most of us understand the english language well enough to use its pages.", "name": "Charlotte"}]

166dsa2

t5_2qh3b

Pupikal

jyji7ci

[{"role": "system", "content": "World War II or the Second World War was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. Many participating countries invested all available economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities into this total war, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and delivery of the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. It was by far the deadliest conflict in history, resulting in 70–85 million fatalities. Millions died due to genocides, including the Holocaust, as well as starvation, massacres, and disease. In the wake of Axis defeat, Germany, Austria, and Japan were occupied, and war crime tribunals were conducted against German and Japanese leaders.\nThe causes of the war are debated; contributing factors included the rise of fascism in Europe, the Spanish Civil War, the Second Sino-Japanese War, Soviet–Japanese border conflicts, and tensions in the aftermath of World War I. World War II is generally considered to have begun on 1 September 1939, when Nazi Germany, under Adolf Hitler, invaded Poland. The United Kingdom and France declared war on Germany on 3 September. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union had partitioned Poland and marked out their \"spheres of influence\" across Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Romania. From late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe in a military alliance called the Axis with Italy, Japan, and other countries. Following the onset of campaigns in North and East Africa, and the fall of France in mid-1940, the war continued primarily between the European Axis powers and the British Empire, with the war in the Balkans, the aerial Battle of Britain, the Blitz of the UK, and the Battle of the Atlantic. In June 1941, Germany led the European Axis powers in an invasion of the Soviet Union, opening the Eastern Front, the largest land theatre of war in history.\nJapan aimed to dominate East Asia and the Asia-Pacific, and by 1937 was at war with the Republic of China. In December 1941, Japan attacked American and British territories with near-simultaneous offensives against Southeast Asia and the Central Pacific, including an attack on Pearl Harbor which resulted in the United States and the United Kingdom declaring war against Japan. The European Axis powers declared war on the US in solidarity. Japan soon conquered much of the western Pacific, but its advances were halted in 1942 after losing the critical Battle of Midway; Germany and Italy were defeated in North Africa and at Stalingrad in the Soviet Union. Key setbacks in 1943—including German defeats on the Eastern Front, the Allied invasions of Sicily and the Italian mainland, and Allied offensives in the Pacific—cost the Axis powers their initiative and forced them into strategic retreat on all fronts. In 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained its territorial losses and pushed Germany and its allies back. During 1944–1945, Japan suffered reversals in mainland Asia, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy and captured key western Pacific islands. The war in Europe concluded with the liberation of German-occupied territories; the invasion of Germany by the Western Allies and the Soviet Union, culminating in the Fall of Berlin to Soviet troops; Hitler's suicide; and the German unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945. Following the refusal of Japan to surrender on the terms of the Potsdam Declaration, the US dropped the first atomic bombs on Hiroshima on 6 August and Nagasaki on 9 August. Faced with imminent invasion of the Japanese archipelago, the possibility of more atomic bombings, and the Soviet Union's declared entry into the war against Japan on the eve of invading Manchuria, Japan announced on 10 August its intention to surrender, signing a surrender document on 2 September 1945.\nWorld War II changed the political alignment and social structure of the world, and it set the foundation for the international order for the rest of the 20th century and into the 21st century. The United Nations was established to foster international cooperation and prevent conflicts, with the victorious great powers—China, France, the Soviet Union, the UK, and the US—becoming the permanent members of its Security Council. The Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War. In the wake of European devastation, the influence of its great powers waned, triggering the decolonisation of Africa and Asia. Most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery and expansion.\n\nSince World War II, the United States economy has performed better significantly on average under the administration of Democratic presidents than Republican presidents. The reasons for this are debated, and the observation applies to economic variables including job creation, GDP growth, stock market returns, personal income growth and corporate profits. The unemployment rate has risen on average under Republican presidents, while it has fallen on average under Democratic presidents. Budget deficits relative to the size of the economy were lower on average for Democratic presidents. Ten of the eleven U.S. recessions between 1953 and 2020 began under Republican presidents.Of these, the most statistically significant differences are in real GDP growth, unemployment rate change, stock market annual return, and job creation rate (see #Statistics)."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Since WWII, the US economy has performed better on average under Democratic presidents than Republicans, applying to job creation, GDP growth, stock market, personal income, corporate profits and unemployment. Every time a R took over from a D, GDP growth fell; when a D took over from an R, it rose.\n\n[U.S. economic performance by presidential party - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._economic_performance_under_Democratic_and_Republican_presidents)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Now... I have a question. Without doubting the numbers themselves: How many of those changes were direct effects of the actions of the president at that time and how many were \"fallout\" from actions of the former legislature?\n\nPolitical actions usually don't have effect overnight and some may even take years to fully \"bloom\".\n\nAs I said: I'm not doubting the numbers. I'm questioning the answer we should take from them.\n\n(btw. I'm not american, so I'm just curious. Here in my home country we burden the current legislature with mostly (but not exclusive) the fallout of errors of the last one, so it gave me a bit to think.)", "name": "Matthew"}, {"role": "user", "content": "This is where the 'on average' adds the context. \n\nIts true economic response is delayed from when a new policy is enacted. But in general, these policies are enacted nearer the beginning of the term and will 'bloom' within the same term. \n\nBig influences in these averages are a couple of really big impacts: The Clinton years had fantastic growth but the Bush II admin at the end was the Great Recession and his record is basically all gains made in 8 years was undone by the time Obama took office, which was easy to rebound from given the low bar set on Jan 20 2009. \n\nAlso at play is Dems are far more likely to use public money to spur economic activity which has a larger magnifier than private investments of the same amount.", "name": "Melanie"}]